Restore Apple bootloader on an (Intel) Mac after an update-grub was run by an external Ubuntu installation

(Scroll down for the actual fix)
So things were even more complicated than it seemed at first.
In order to maintain compatibility with MS-Windows, Apple uses a hybrid UEFI and Legacy MBR mode. Apparently, there is an NVRAM value that tells the firmware whether to attempt to boot in UEFI mode (OS-X) or in legacy MBR mode (Windows). That value is controlled by your selection in "System Preferences > Startup Disk". (Don't ask me why, ask Apple)
Now in order to boot Ubuntu from my external HDD, I first booted from a DVD that I had burned an ISO of rEFInd to. (Selecting "EFI boot" with the DVD icon when holding the Option key during startup). After booting from that DVD, I then selected my external HDD to boot from inside of rEFInd.
This is where things start to go really strange. After telling rEFInd to boot from the external HDD, the purple GRUB screen never came up (Yes, I had set a delay) and furthermore, there was no purple dot boot animation. Instead, it was the scrolling white text boot up.
From what I can tell looking at rEFInd more closely before hitting boot is that the Ubuntu option was actually to load a specific kernel, and not just boot from the disk.
What that means is because rEFInd is, well, EFI obviously, and it functions essentially as a GRUB replacement, that even though Ubuntu was installed in MBR mode to the external HDD, it ended up being booted in UEFI mode.
That fact is very important, and you'll see why in just a second.
So then I let the Software Updater run some updates. Looking at logs, it seems that the update-grub command was run during the install process. This is where all the bad things happen. Now at this point I don't know exactly what happened, but here's my best guess: The grub updater got confused since grub was installed in MBR mode, but Ubuntu was currently booted in UEFI mode. Because of the confusion, and the fact that the boot loader is installed to a different place depending on which mod you are booted in, the grub updater makes a big mistake and installs grub in MBR mode to the internal HDD.

Now for the actual fix!
In my particular case, the OS-X partition was still bootable if I held the Option key during startup and selected the "Macintosh HD".
After booting OS-X you'll want to open System Preferences, and then go to Startup Disk. Select the OS-X volume, hit apply or whatever, reboot, and BOOM! the Apple logo shows!

Now, just FYI, I think that although that fixes the problem, GRUB still resides in sector 0, but I don't think it'll do any harm there, and certainly not if you install Windows in Boot camp, since Windows' boot loader would just overwrite it then


Simple solution

Install  Unity Tweak Tool and under launcher settings select Colour: Based on Wallpaper option

Command-line solution

There is a dconf schema that corresponds to the color of the launcher.

/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/background-color

The colors are  32-bit hex values. The last byte ( two numbers ) stand for the color on which the launcher is based. ff means solid color defined by the other bytes, 00 means based on wallpaper.

You can run

dconf write /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/background-color "'#00000000'"

to make color based on background

Note that gsettings is preferred for such actions. Both dconf and gsettings do the same thing, except that gsettings has sanity checks, but in my experience I've not ran into any issues with dconf and been using it successfully to alter all sorts of functionalities.

I frequently alter the color via command line, so I use the following function in my .bashrc:

unity_launcher_color()
{
  key="/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/background-color"
  hex_string=\'\#$1\'
#  echo $hex_string
  dconf write "$key" "$hex_string"
}

To make launcher black , call the function as so

 unity_launcher_color 000000ff


Roccat Kave XTD doesn't work properly out of the box.

Roccat support team advised to edit /etc/pulse/daemon.conf:

  The Kave XTD 5.1 is officially not designed to be compatible with
  Linux but we were able to use the Kave XTD under Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS
  (3.5.0-40-generic) without a configuration software, all we had to do
  was to edit the pulse daemon.conf at /etc/pulse/daemon.conf and add
  this line:

  default-sample-channels = 6

  Your system should detect the USB 5.1 soundcard which is built into
  the KaveXTD just fine. So it should work as 5.1 Headset. We were
  however unable to use neither the pulseaudio-tool nor alsa's
  speaker-test to test the channels but almighty VLC played the Dolby
  Test Video
  (http://www.dolby.com/us/en/consumer/technology/home-theater/dolby-digital-plus-download.html
  ) just fine with all channels enabled and controllable through the
  XTD's volume control unit - which should verify that all channels are
  properly processed by the soundcard.

  Please understand that we cannot guarantee you it will work out of the
  box on your machine with your kernel, you should be prepared to do
  some trial-and-error config-hacking. You might want to run Kmix to
  check that no channel is muted by accident.

However it doesn't work on Ubuntu 14.04 (at least for me). I had distorted sound and subwoofer didn't work at all.
So I googled a little bit and found working solution not just for Roccat Kave XTD, but for most external usb sound cards:

pacmd
list-cards
set-card-profile 1 output:analog-surround-51


Touchpad not working on Acer Aspire One Cloudbook 11

Please check your BIOS settings to verify it is not running in Advanced mode.  If it is, set it to Basic.

The problem was solved in my case after making that setting change. Press Ctrl+Fn+F7 and try again if it still does not work in case the soft switch is set to off.


Normally a server with Hadoop doesn't have a graphical environment and after a brief conversation in the chat turned out that it is not at all absolutely necessary to use gedit. It concerns only the processing of a configuration file and that's done quicker with nano or vi.


14.04 unity does not start after login screen

I had a similar error and the problem was due to my /tmp/ directory having the incorrect permissions and .Xauthority. This Answer worked for me (I copied and pasted it in case it gets removed, @SiddharthaRT is the original author):

Press Ctrl+Alt+F3 and login into the shell.

Now run ls -lah. If in the output the line

-rw-------  1 root root   53 Nov 29 10:19 .Xauthority

then you need to do chown username:username .Xauthority and try logging in.

Else, do ls -ld /tmp. Check for the first 10 letters in the left: they should read exactly so: drwxrwxrwt.

drwxrwxrwt 15 root root 4096 Nov 30 04:17 /tmp

Else, you need to do sudo chmod a+wt /tmp and check again.

If not both, I'd recommend you either

dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

or uninstall, reinstall it.

Now press Alt+-> until you reach the login screen again, and restart.


how to install last.fm scrobbler on ubuntu 14.04?

It does not matter which repository do you use. Each repository installs the same version.

Eg the debian repository

sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://apt.last.fm/debian stable main"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lastfm-scrobbler

But there seems to be a error in the desktop file /usr/share/applications/lastfm-client.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Last.fm Client
Comment=Listen to Last.fm radio
Exec=/usr/bin/lastfm-client
Icon=lastfm-client
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Qt;Audio;AudioVideo;
StartupNotify=true

The binary Exec=/usr/bin/lastfm-client doesn't exist. Therefore open the file in an editor

sudo nano /usr/share/applications/lastfm-client.desktop

and change the line Exec= from

Exec=/usr/bin/lastfm-client

to

Exec=/usr/bin/lastfm-scrobbler

Alternatively you could copy the file into your local applications folder

cp /usr/share/applications/lastfm-client.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/lastfm-client.desktop
sudo chown $USER:USER ~/.local/share/applications/lastfm-client.desktop

and make the changes in this file via

nano ~/.local/share/applications/lastfm-client.desktop


Ubuntu freeze on shutdown with AMD graphics card

After I posted the question, I began to google on AMD Radeon graphic card.   I came across a webpage mentioning that the stable Linux Kernel 4.4 just released in January, 2016 has featured numerous AMD GPU additions on AMD graphics processors.    I followed the instructions given by http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2016/01/how-to-install-linux-kernel-4-4-in-ubuntu/
to install Linux 4.4 in Ubuntu.    Ubuntu no longer freezes.   I can boot and shut down Ubuntu without problem.


Bluetooth headset with poor sound quality on Ubuntu

Solution: Go into sound settings, then see what the SHB4000 is using. If it uses HSP/HFP change to A2DP.


Open firefox from bash file "Error: no display specified"

You have to specify the display.

Add this to your script before running firefox

 export DISPLAY=:0

your script would be like:

#add ip / hostname separated by white space
myHost=1.2.3.4
export DISPLAY=:0
# no ping request
COUNT=1

count=$(ping -c $COUNT $myHost | grep 'received' | awk -F',' '{ print $2 }' | awk '{ print $1 }')
if [ $count -eq 0 ]; then
# 100% failed
echo "Host : $myHost is down (ping failed) at $(date)"
else
    firefox $myHost
fi


how can i create the customize image with hadoop installation for openstack?

I'd start with a clean Ubuntu server instance, install Hadoop in it and see if I can make a snapshot from it and easily instantiate new ones (maybe write a script for the changes if it's not too hard).

If you want something automatic, you can try installing Juju and hook it up to OpenStack as a provider - it has Hadoop charms. Also, this question might be of interest to you.


if you want to add the winehq repository follow there directions.
first we need multi-arch support for 32 bit wine prefixes.

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

then add their repository:

wget -nc https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
sudo apt-key add Release.key
sudo apt-add-repository https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/

Update you package list:

sudo apt-get update

Now you are ready to install.
I recommend a GUI package installer like aptitude or the software center since there are many versions of wine that can be installed (including testing and development stages).

To get the latest stable release, run:

sudo apt-get install wine-stable

See: Installing WineHQ packages.


Ubuntu 15.10, (recently released), has gnome-shell 3.16.

sudo do-release-upgrade

I was able to do an upgrade without much incident, (with the exception of KDE applications acting strange).

Hope that helps!


The two packages are mostly the same. Both will work perfectly fine with the Unity desktop.

One difference is the set of libraries that they are linked with for the GVim's graphical components, so the look of buttons, menus, and file dialogs may be different.

Another difference is desktop session support. According to Vim's description of its GNOME GUI, the vim-gnome version should save and restore its session when logging out of a desktop session, and prompt about unsaved files as well.

See this answer for a complete list of all available vim-* packages.


Ubuntu 18.04 - Dell XPS13 9370 no longer suspends on lid close

I think I managed to figure out what was going on, thanks to these two sources: Dell XPS 13 (9370) ArchLinux Install notes and Arch Linux Forum.
For some reason, the laptop is not going in deep sleep anymore, but rather an s2idle mode which is merely a screen off type of suspend.
Diagnosis of the issue
To confirm whether this is the case for your system, suspend the laptop using your favorite method (close the lid, hit Fn+End, write pm-suspend in a terminal if you have pm-utils installed, or hit the Windows key type suspend and hit the Enter key).
Wake up from suspend mode and type in a terminal: sudo journalctl | grep "PM: suspend" | tail -2.
If the output is
May 13 18:41:00 mex kernel: PM: suspend entry (s2idle)
May 13 20:52:36 mex kernel: PM: suspend exit

Then you are not entering deep sleep.
You can also check cat /sys/power/mem_sleep which should return
[s2idle] deep

which confirms that the default suspend mode is s2idle (since it is highlighted with brackets).
Temporary fix
To try a temporary fix, do echo deep > /sys/power/mem_sleep as a root user. Check that it was successful by looking at the output of cat /sys/power/mem_sleep which should be
s2idle [deep]

then suspend the laptop and wake up again. If sudo journalctl | grep "PM: suspend" | tail -2 returns
May 13 18:41:00 mex kernel: PM: suspend entry (deep)
May 13 20:52:36 mex kernel: PM: suspend exit

then the issue should be fixed.
You can put your computer to sleep for a couple of hours and check whether the battery drain improved.
Permanent fix
To make it permanent, you have to edit your bootloader cmdline. To do so, edit as root user the file /etc/default/grub, by running for example sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub. Replace the line
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

with
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash mem_sleep_default=deep"

and regenerate your grub configuration (run sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg).


Why my rdp access to Linux consumes way more bandwidth than a rdp connection to a Windows 10 machine?

I have found out that Remote Desktop Manager Free Edition does also use rdp, but consumes the bandwidth more sparingly (around 50 meg per hour : previously it was more like 500 meg per hour) while connecting to Ubuntu guest on virualbox with vrdp activated.


Calendar App with Colored Events from Google Calendar?

You can try Gnome Calendar, it syncs with Google Calendar.

  sudo apt-get install gnome-calendar

It should be installed by default in Ubuntu 16.04


I found the solution here:  http://bernaerts.dyndns.org/linux/74-ubuntu/220-ubuntu-resume-usb-hid

Though, it's only intended for USB devices, the same thing applies for pci devices.


How to switch between Japanese input sources without all text being deleted from previous input source?

There does not appear to be a solution to this that will work exactly the way you would like, but I can suggest a couple of workarounds to make working in Anthy more productive.

First, the behavior that you are seeing is really by design. While you are typing kana (of either sort), you are in pre-edit mode, which is a form of highlighting the text. When you switch the input mode, it's like typing over any highlighted text and causing it to disappear.

The solution is really -- before switching the mode -- to just to remove by highlighting by converting the current text via space and/or committing the text via Enter. Once the text has been committed, it's not going anywhere.

The key here is to keep in mind that the various kana modes are separate sub-input modes, although this does mean that you might not be able to make as long a sentence as you might have wished that combines hiragana and katakana.

When you have typed in one mode and wish to change everything you've typed to another mode, you can use the function keys without losing what you have already typed:

F6 converts to hiragana.
F7 converts to katakana.
F8 converts half-width katakana.
F9 converts to full-width romaji.
F10 converts to romaji.

The above only convert text that has already been typed.

Unfortunately, there is no default keyboard setting to switch between the input modes, but rather than mousing up to the ibus menu on the top bar each time, you can set the keyboard shortcuts in:

Preferences -- Anthy >> Keybinding tab >> hiragana mode (and a separate katakana mode)

And, finally, a good option when you are only entering a small amount of katakana in a larger string of hiragana/kanji is to simply type the word you want in hiragana, then convert via the space bar and choose the katakana version that appears in the list of candidates.


/home/julia/ is the name of a directory of a new user named julia and it looks like you have not created this new user yet, causing the permissions errors. The JuliaPro-0.6.3.1.sh script takes one optional argument, the absolute path to the directory into which you want to install JuliaPro. So install JuliaPro the normal way using sudo without the optional argument and let the JuliaPro-0.6.3.1.sh installer script create whatever default directories that it needs for you.

In Ubuntu 18.04 run the following commands:

sudo apt install gcc python2.7-dev curl libzmq5 hdf5-tools python libgconf-2-4 default-jdk
sudo chmod 777 JuliaPro-0.6.3.1.sh
sudo ./JuliaPro-0.6.3.1.sh

If you want to complicate matters by creating a custom directory to install JuliaPro in, create it manually using mkdir if the new directory is located in a directory not owned by root or sudo mkdir if it is located in a directory owned by root. Otherwise simply allow the installer script to create whatever default directories that it needs.

Execution of the installer script will show the directory into which installation is occurring. Upon completion of the installer, the contents of the JuliaPro installation directory can be viewed. To launch a JuliaPro command prompt from the terminal, one needs
to launch the julia binary included within the JuliaPro distribution.
The julia binary can be executed from the terminal with the following command:

$ <juliapro>/JuliaPro-0.6.3.1/julia

...where <juliapro> is the JuliaPro installation path.

Reference: JuliaPro (v0.6.3.1) Installation Manual and Quickstart Guide


Here I found a post .It says the problem will be resolved with the new release of the kernel.
http://techhamlet.com/2012/05/ubuntu-12-04-runs-on-new-laptops-without-over-heating/


Why does checking locally cause cloud files to overwrite newer files on my pc

You need to have the "Sync locally? []" check box checked in the control panel, in order to keep the folder in sync, yes. If it is unchecked, then Ubuntu One is not keeping those files in sync locally.

However, if it overwrites newer files with the old ones, that is a bug and you should open a bug report on Launchpad against ubuntuone-client about it:

How do I report a bug?


Send file name from a list.txt to another file one by one

You can read the file line by line with a while loop and echo each one to a new file:

#!/bin/bash
while IFS='' read -r l || [[ -n "$l" ]]; do
    echo $l >$(mktemp -p.)
done <list.txt

This will loop over every line of list.txt and print the whole line to a tempfile created in the current directory. By default mktemp uses the template tmp.XXXXXXXXXX to create the files – the Xs are replaced by random characters – you can adapt that to your needs by specifying a different template, e.g. making it mktemp -p. file.XXXXX.

Further reading:

Read a file line by line assigning the value to a variable

man mktemp


Differences in compiling between gcc 4.4 and gcc 4.6?

Hmmm...  I moved the *.c before the libraries and it compiled fine.  I didn't know that the order mattered.  Go figure...

Original:
gcc -W -I/usr2/uei/DAQLib -L/usr2/uei/DAQLib  -lpowerdna *.c

Current:
gcc -W *.c -I/usr2/uei/DAQLib -L/usr2/uei/DAQLib  -lpowerdna

C'est la vie.


Mounting error trying to access the drives in Ubuntu 15.04

I recently had the same problem and I fixed it. I have dual booted my system in Windows 10 and Ubuntu 15.10. So if you too have a dual boot system, this is how to do it :

Boot into windows
Search for and open Power options in the Start Menu
Click Choose what the power buttons do on the left side of the window
Click Change settings that are currently unavailable.
Under shutdown settings you will see "Turn on fast startup(recommended)"
Disable it and click Save changes.

 Done!

Now boot back into Ubuntu, you will be able to mount the drive as well as access it with both Windows and Ubuntu

However this will increase the boot time of windows but change is not significant and necessary too if you want dual booted system. It worked for me and I hope, this works in your case too.


I'm not sure, but I think you may want to  submit a bug report against the xkeyboard-config package in Ubuntu together with a patch or merge proposal to the Bazaar branch.

However, xkeyboard-config is an upstream package, and the chances for a patch to be included in Ubuntu increase if you also file a bug + patch to the upstream maintainer.


It depends on what you want to do exactly. Use sudo to run a command as another user.

sudo -u user_to_run_as command

You can call a script from ~/.bashrc or gnome-session-properties

You can set a default icon set / background for all users in /usr/share/gconf/defaults

The settings (for ubuntu 12.04) are in 16_ubuntu-artwork and 10_libgnome2-common. Syntax is fairly straight forward

/desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename  /usr/share/backgrounds/warty-final-ubuntu.png

Change the path to a new background image

You can also use dconf and gconf from the command line.


What is the difference between the Atheros QCA6164, QCA6174, and QCA61x4 cards?

These are different wireless chips.

The ids are:

QCA988X   168c:003c
QCA6164   168c:0041
QCA6174   168c:003e
QCA99X0   168c:0040
QCA9377   168c:0042

The difference of 1x1 and 2x2 MIMO is off-topic here. But it can be easily found. Short answer 2x2 should be faster in most cases.


How to install-and boot-Ubuntu on my MacPro Tower?

That is definetely going to be a difficult process. Here is some information that may help you :

Installing Ubuntu on a Mac Pro (fetched from help.ubuntu.com )

 It is strongly suggested to use the Ubuntu 64 bits version (AMD64) to benefit from the full installed memory. Using the 32 bits will limit the memory to less than 3 Gb. The normal installation has been working seemlessly for a MacPro3,1 with Hardy (8.04 LTS), Jaunty (9.04) and Karmic (9.10).

The regular 64-bit Ubuntu CDs have trouble booting on older Intel Macs, such as MacPro1,1, due to EFI incompatibilities. You must download a special +mac CD of Ubuntu to work-around this problem. For 11.04, you can get it here: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/11.04/release/

If you try to use a regular 64-bit Ubuntu CD on such systems, you may get the following blocking message while trying to boot off the CD:

    1.
    2.
    Select CD-ROM Boot type:

**WARNING:** It is important to install the Grub boot loader on the Ubuntu partition (e.g. /dev/sda3), instead of the default disk root. This is done by selecting the Advanced options after partitioning and before the actual installation.

By default, Ubuntu installs the GRUB boot loader on the disk root (e.g. dev/sda). This does modify the EFI and GUID boot loader, which then potentially removes your Mac OSX boot.... :( You must specify a partition for GRUB installation, e.g. /dev/sda3

***Features & Support status:***

Sensors(Temps & fans) - Works out of the box

Reboot - works out of the box

Video & Effects (Compiz) - needs manual install

HFS|HFS+ (only read) - works out of the box

CDDVD|CD/DVD Writing - works out of the box

Bluetooth|Bluetooth - works, with remarks

Keyboard functions (Brightness,volume,...) - works, with remarks

Ethernet - works, with remarks

Wireless - works out of the box

Sound - needs manual install

Firewire - not yet documented

**Quick Install Quide:**

Note: The best version of Ubuntu to use is 10.04.2, as 10.10 has issues with PulseAudio.

1. Get a wired USB keyboard and mouse to make the install easy. Before you install Ubuntu, if you have OSX running it is strongly advised that you use system updates to insure that your various firmwares are up to date (bluetooth,wifi,EFI). In particular your EFI firmware must be the latest version. See

http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1237

2. When you power on hold down the left mouse button as soon as hearing the chime sound until the CD drive opens. Drop in Ubuntu 10.04.2 / 64bit / desktop edition. Reboot, and this time hold the "c" key down after the chime sound to boot from the CD in the drive.

3. Boot into the live CD at the option screen. Not the install option.

4. Go to Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal. Then type

   sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda

This will delete all your files and your operating system currently on your hard drive. Since we only want to wipe the first few hundred MB of data at the beginning of the drive wait 2 minutes, then press Ctrl-C. The output should show how much of the drive was 'zeroed' or wiped, which gives you an indication of the transfer speed of that drive BTW.

5. Go to System -> Administration -> gparted

Now, Device -> New Partition Table.

Select msdos partition and press OK. This gives the BIOS on the Mac Pro a partition table it can boot from. If you don't do this, your new install will not boot when complete.

6. Finally double click the install button on the desktop. Select manual partitioning when the option comes up during the install. Click free space -> Add -> select the filesystem type as reiser or ext4 (your preference, google it, reiser is better for most) and the mountpoint is "/" without the commas. Click OK and continue and ignore the message about no swap partition, most are better off without it.

7. Start by setting up your wifi / network connection (network manager icon top right). The next thing you should do is System -> Administration -> Update Manager and install all of the updates and then reboot. Next go to System -> Administration -> Hardware Drivers and install all of the closed source drivers for graphics cards and such. It is best to install restricted drivers for network and wifi cards last of all. Reboot after this also. If you want the restricted video codecs so you can play all media go to System -> Administration -> Synaptic. Quick search for restricted. Right click ubuntu-restricted-extras and mark for installation. Click Apply on the top bar.

8. To enable the sound on the headphone jack on the back facing side of the machine Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal. Now type

    sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

and scroll to the end of the file and add the line:

    options snd-hda-intel model=imac24

Save and reboot. From here on the Mac Pro will run like any other Ubuntu install. Done.

**Keyboard**

Beware to specify the Macintosh keyboard layout during installation. Using the Mac Aluminium keyboard may cause troubles. If you ever switch to NumLock and your keyboard goes crazy Tongue out :-? press the F6 key for 1-2 secs. Multimedia keys (F7-F12 for basck/forward/volume control) and Eject keys work out of the box.

**Video**

By default, the Vesa driver will be installed from the Ubuntu CD. This works OK. However, if you wish to speed-up display efficiency, and access 3D acceleration for e.g. OpenGL and Compiz, you should install the ad-hoc video driver.

The MacPro3,1 ATI card is an ATI XT2600HD. There are lots of artifacts. Using ATI drivers. During boot, the splash screen has a bunch of white flickering pixels.

Usually, the menu System/Administration/Hardware drivers should do well in most cases. Alternatively, you may try to install the required drivers using EnvyNG, which comes as a set of packages in the universe repositories: envyng-core, envyng-qt, envyng-gtk.

(X) WARNING: on Karmic, the ATI driver installation crashes the machine ; this can only be fixed by removing the radeon drivers, and returning to the default vesa driver. In a few words, avoid installing the proprietary drivers for the ATI card under Karmic. The only way to install the driver is to use EnvyNG.

The nvidia v180 drivers installed and worked fine for X, but the console will be flaky unless you build "vesafb" into the kernel and use a boot option that provides 1024x768 resolution

**Bluetooth**

The Apple bluetooth module in the Mac Pro works without issue under Ubuntu 10.04. However at boot the following error message is displayed and logged since the module connects to the USB bus.

kernel 2.6.32-24-generic : [ 5.522591] hub 5-1:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 3

**Sound**

For the HDA Realtek ALC885/intel sound, the default installation does not enable sound output. An easy solution is to edit:

    sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

and add at the end:

    options snd-hda-intel model=imac24

This is the only option that works. Other model=macpro is not effective. Currently Only the back sound output port is working properly. The front audio port does not output at full volume. Better than nothing :)) .

**Ethernet**

A few ethernet issues have been reported (see below). Beware there are 2 ethernet plugs.

**Wifi**

Wifi Automatic installation

The Wifi card is a BCM 4328. It is usually well detected from the Administration/Hardware Drivers which should see a Broadcom STA wireless driver.

It seems the SSB module may require to be unactivated in some cases, e.g. with

sudo modprobe -r ssb
sudo modprobe wl

then add wl at the end of file /etc/modules

Wifi Manual installation from Broadcom

Manual install can be done using Broadcom proprietary drivers and following the README.

Wifi Manual installation using ''Ndiswrapper''

Alternative is to use NdisWrapper

    wget http://ftp.us.dell.com/network/R151517.EXE
    mkdir driver
    unzip -a R151517.EXE -d driver/
    cd driver/DRIVER/
    sudo ndiswrapper -i bcmwl5.inf
    sudo ndiswrapper -l
    sudo ndiswrapper -m
    sudo modprobe ndiswrapper

then add ndiswrapper at the end of /etc/modules

Create file /etc/init.d/ndiswrapper with content:

    ### BEGIN INIT INFO
    # Provides: ndiswrapper
    # Required-Start:
    # Required-Stop:
    # Default-Start: S
    # Default-Stop:
    # Short-Description: enable to load ndiswrapper
    # Description: enable to load ndiswrapper
    ### END INIT INFO
    rmmod ohci_hcd
    rmmod ssb
    rmmod ndiswrapper
    modprobe ndiswrapper
    modprobe ssb
    modprobe ohci_hcd
    ############# end file ############

Make it executable and start it as a boot process service with

    sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/ndiswrapper
    sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/ndiswrapper /etc/rc2.d/S99ndiswrapper

**Other related links**:

http://mindbat.com/?p=30

http://macprolinux.blogspot.com/

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook%20Aluminum

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Intel_iMac

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MactelSupportTeam/AppleIntelInstallation

Related Askubuntu.com questions:

Installing Ubuntu on macbook pro 9-1
Installing Ubuntu on macpro late 2011

Good luck!


Can't update ubuntu 12.10 in Lenovo G580

open software & update manager
uncheck the CD/DVD updates installation


Getting MTP to work with a Galaxy tab 2 7.0?

Update: A GVFS MTP backend is now available. The author also provides a PPA.

I have already written about go-mptfs there.

The author recently wrote another article with another alternative jmptfs. He is writing in german but I think the commands he uses should be self explanatory, or machine translation would be sufficient.

You can of course just take a look the original project sites:

https://github.com/hanwen/go-mtpfs
http://research.jacquette.com/jmtpfs-exchanging-files-between-android-devices-and-linux/

May be one of those work for you.


On my old Dell I had to use

reboot=acpi

kernel paramenter, hinted from here. Maybe you need a couple of experiments --- my old Dell did not restart every other reboot (!) without the kernel parameter. BIOS mysteries...


How to get both the output of the time command in a file?

time Writes the time statistics to stderr. So we need to redirect stderr stream into stdout, then redirect it's output to tee.
(time echo "Hello world") 2>&1 | tee output.txt

Here

we need to take (time echo) as a single command so used braces,
redirected stderr to stdout,
piped stdout to tee.


Sony Vaio FW350 reboots instead of waking up after sleep/suspend

The fix provided in this link solved my problem:

You just have to edit the /etc/default/grub file:

gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

Look up the line where it says:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

and change it to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_sleep=nonvs"

Save the file and close gedit.
Update the GRUB menu:

sudo update-grub

Reboot and enjoy!


How do I install the window-list Gnome shell extension in Ubuntu 18.04?

Go to https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/602/window-list/ .
Install extension (add-on) for your browser.
Refresh page in browser. If all ok with browser add-on (you don't have to see the suggestion to install browser add-on anymore), turn window-list extension trigger to On. And now you can install another extension from https://extensions.gnome.org/ using this browser simple switch them on html page to On state.

And i recommend install GNOME Tweak Tool to manage installed extensions:

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool


Brightness not changing Dell 15r SE and ubuntu 12.04

Put this in your .bashrc:

alias screen='xrandr --output LVDS1 --brightness $1'

Than you can enter

screen 0.9

And the brightness changes.


How to install USB modem for wireless Internet on Ubuntu 12.04

Have you tried the usual methods? Go to network manager, add a new mobile broadband connection, choose your country, isp and billing plan. After the whole thing's done you should be good to go.


Why does laptop's mute button keep blinking and ticking if I open certain websites in Chrome?

It blinks every time any sound is playing, so when you visit a website that plays sounds it blinks.. (obviously the flash sites are those with more sounds interactions).
It's not a problem but a simply function that will advert you when you are in "mute-mode" and a sound is playing in the background.

I hope it will help!


Installing Ubuntu Server on HP Proliant dl180 gen9

Have you tried disabling the Dynamic Smart Array? Via Ubuntu Hardware Certification site:

Testing details This system was tested with 16.04 LTS, running the
4.4.0-21.37 kernel.
Certification notes:
HP Dynamic Smart Array
System is certified with Dynamic Smart Array disabled.
To disable Dynamic Smart Array:

Press F9 to boot into RBSU

Navigate to System Options -> HP Dynamic Smart Array B320i and select disable

Go to System options -> SATA Controller options and select Legacy SATA or AHCI

Reboot the machine and now you will be able to install the OS. BIOS HP: U20 (UEFI)


How do you open a .vce file in Ubuntu 12.04?

VCE extensions can be open with the Visual CertExam Manager. It is a great application to use when preparing for any type of exams.

First you have to install wine .
Then install Visual CertExam Manager

-download it first (using above link)

-go to the downloaded folder and right click to the

  visual_certexam_suite_setup.exe

and select

  open with wine windows program loader

-do the steps they ask.(simply now VCE installed)
Now go to the place that .vce file is in and open it through wine(right click /open with wine).


Mac OS X roaming profile from Samba with OpenLDAP backend on Ubuntu 11.10

I finally solved the problem.

It was a stupid typo!

Instead of /Network/Servers it should be /Network/Server.  That stupid extra S kept me in circles for days!

Now I want to mount the home directory as an nfs mount, so that all my data is on the server.


Purpose of /run/lock/ (empty except for ./whoopsie/)

/run is something in-between /var and /tmp. It's pretty much /var, except using a TMPFS (which means it gets cleared at each reboot). So /run/lock is a TMPFS version of /var/lock.

Some extra information (put in a much better way than I could ever put it :P): http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.redhat.fedora.devel/146976.


Move Multiple Files To Multiple Folders Based on Names of Files

Seems like the main trick here is translating the file name into the target folder name. There are two steps: truncate all but the first three digits, and remove zero padding. For this I have selected the sed and $((10# commands respectively:

for X in *; do mv $X $((10#$(echo $X | sed -e 's/^\(...\).*/\1/') )); done

This gives me minor errors such as mv: cannot move ‘114’ to a subdirectory of itself, ‘114/114’, but presumably you will not care about that if your files are getting moved where you want them to go.


Is it possible to maximize windows vertically in Gnome 3 by double click on the top border?

Not for the border, but for the titlebar. gnome-tweak-tool will let you do this:

https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/gnome-tweak-tool/

For example:

Windows > Titlebar Actions > Middle-Click > select [Toggle Maximize Vertically]


That article is over 6 years old and shouldn't be followed. You can set up NFS sharing by following the documentation here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SettingUpNFSHowTo


How to install wifi driver iwlwifi 4.2.0-16-generic

You can install backports from 4.3 kernel to Ubuntu 14.04.

I suggest removing un-official kernels and run in terminal:

sudo apt-get install build-essential
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/backports/2015/09/03/backports-20150903.tar.gz
tar -zxvf backports-20150903.tar.gz
cd backports-20150903
make defconfig-iwlwifi
sudo make install

This should install a correct driver. But you will have to re-install it after each kernel upgrade by running the last three commands.

You may also need firmware for this adapter. You can install the firmware package from 15.10 this way:

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.149.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux-firmware_1.149.1_all.deb

or you can install kernel 4.3.


How can I get GCC 4.7 installed on Precise?

I have created a PPA that contains a build of GCC 4.7 for Precise here:

ppa:george-edison55/gcc4.7-precise  (Click here for instructions on using PPAs.)

To backport a package from one release to another is a relatively simple process assuming you have a Launchpad account and have registered your GPG key there.

Make sure you have the ubuntu-dev-tools  package installed:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-dev-tools

The syntax for running the backport command looks something like this:

backportpackage -s [new_release] -d [old_release] -u [ppa] [package_name]

The command above will backport [package_name] from [new_release] to [old_release]and upload it to [ppa]. Note that in this particular case you will need to backport not only gcc-4.7 but also gcj-4.7 and gcc-defaults in that order.


Exim not able to listen on port 465 or 587 for TLS connection

Had the same problem as I'm just a beginner with Linux. Been banging my head against the wall for hours today and following every single post about how to change the port.

Finally ended up modifying /etc/exim4/exim4.conf.template (the original entry is commented out):

# listen on all all interfaces?
.ifdef MAIN_LOCAL_INTERFACES
#local_interfaces = MAIN_LOCAL_INTERFACES
local_interfaces = <;   [192.168.200.2]:465 ; \
                        [192.168.200.2]:587
.endif

Then did sudo service exim4 restart and got it working.

You can check if that helped with ss -lntp | grep exim


Do I have to remove my current Nvidia drivers before installing new ones?

Need... No. Advisable... yes. Generally the system will first remove conflicting packages, like the old driver, before installing the new packages.
Yes. The system will fall back to the generic driver.

  What do I do if I'm unable to install the new drivers?

You install the older version again. Only real problem you could run into is a system that crashes during boot. In that case you can delete a driver from grub rescue.

If all else fails... re-install. So BEFORE you do anything you make a backup of all your personal files.


SDHC card recognized in Windows but not Linux

Nevermind, I'll just install Elementary OS on my SSD


I think, that the Ubuntu phone doesn't have such a setting at the moment. When I want that the other see my phone number than I type *31# at front at the number, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caller_ID#Enabling (that is only a work around but helpful)

If this work for you is depending on your provider and the country in which you were living.


Wireless not working on hp-mini with ubuntu 14.04

Try the switch on the front of the computer on the right side


Change default username that appears in the terminal

First you need to add a new user of name something

sudo adduser something

then switch to that account

su something

Open the /etc/hostname file in your favourite text editor, for example

sudo vim /etc/hostname

and edit the computer name to somethingElse-pcname
Done!


Package name is xfce4-power-manager-plugins. Solved my brightness problem in xubuntu 10.04.2.


How to install a Java program from source

Just download it from sourceforge

extract .zip using the following command line at terminal :
unzip ~/Downloads/TubeMaster%2B%2B.2.5_Source.zip

open eclipse (install it if already not installed: sudo apt-get install eclipse)

go to eclipse menu: open project and select the directory
~/Downloads/TubeMaster++.2.5_Source

Then build

I  hope that helps


How to see how many FPS can a video card render and Benchmark video card

Globs ap

Installation - Found in Software Center

Simple benchmark program that has multiple opengl tests and shows best, average and worst FPS for each test.

Phoronix Test Suite

Installation - Found in Software Center

Extensive Benchmark Utility. Includes several modules for Graphics to test out several Graphic technologies (Not just simple FPS counts).


Partial upgrade from Ubuntu 14.04 to 14.10

The problem, after doing some investigation turned out to be a problematic sources list. (can be found at /etc/apt/sources.list) where the version was set to trusty and not utopic. This, I think, was causing the machine to download the wrong updates. So this is what I did:

changed all instances of trusty in that file to utopic
removed the brltty package as it was causing trouble with the upgrade.
ran sudo apt-get update followed by sudo apt-get upgrade and sudo apt-get dist-upgrade This installed the right version of the packages.
Restarted the machine and now I have a nice 14.10 running on my machine.
The kernel was not installed properly, so I removed the problematic version. Look at this question

And now magically, all the "You are not authorized to do ..." errors are gone. Everything seems to be working fine.


Window controls unthemed when window is maximized

Known bug -- https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/740232


How to analyze a "[Waiting for headers]" problem during "apt-get update"?

Better still, just do:

apt-get -o Debug::Acquire::http=true update


This worked for me in the past on fresh installs
At a terminal type
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

And then
sudo apt-get install --reinstall lightdm

If no luck then try this;
Remove the default gnome desktop and try unity
Sorry this first attempt didn't work for you
Open a terminal and type sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=0
This is only temporary until you reboot so don't worry.


How can I keep Firefox notifications on the notification center on Ubuntu 18:04

Desktop notifications can be made temporary by the app (the site) that creates them. I know for sure that GMail does that (at least to the present date). You can find a working example here that creates a notification that does not disappear.

On the other hand, I'm trying to figure out why the notifications created in this way don't show the dot next to the date, in the Gnome panel.


Presenting Power Point slides in dual screen mode

This is a known bug, see http://bugs.winehq.org/show_bug.cgi?id=7416 for details.

Essentially, it's not currently possible at the moment because the functionality for detecting multiple displays is not implemented in WINE.


postfix wont receive emails from external network

I fixed the problem, it was actually a bad postfix destination.


When will Flash Player 11.2.202.356 security update will be available

Not really Adobe dropped Linux support for flash ... a year ago so the version we are having is mostly to be outdated since the repos are not updated everyday plus the fact that it must be compiled and pakaged before release. not talking about the tests it must go thru.

It might take a week or a mounth. It depends on how many pakagers are working on flash.


Remotely manage files from a Windows machine

If you have installed the OpenSSH server on the Ubuntu machine,then you should be able to use any SFTP/SCP-based file manager from the Windows box. My favorite is WinSCP but FileZilla is also popular.


How to enable MySQL's query log (see all SQL queries as they come)

As root, edit /etc/mysql/my.cnf and add this paragraph at the bottom:

[mysqld]
general_log=on
general_log_file=/var/log/mysql/query.log

Still as root, run these commands:

service mysql stop
service mysql start

Then observe the log:

tail -f /var/log/mysql/query.log

Please beware that this setting makes MySQL about 15% slower, so remove or comment the paragraph (then restart) when you don't need it anymore.


Yes, you can.

To backup, just copy/paste the .deb files.

To install, either copy them back to the archives on the new system, or use the  dpkg -i *.deb command.

PS: If the two machines are on the same network, use netcat as described here.

PSS: Another tool to use on the LAN is apt-cache-ng.


Trusty 14.04.4 Laptop powers off unexpectedly

Adjusted BOINC to run 75% so it is only using three cores instead of all four and that has resolved the issue.


Well if anyone still following this question 11.10 by default disable mouse while typing.
So I unchecked an option to disable mouse.

System Settings -> Mouse and Touchpads -> Touchpads --> UNTICK disable while typing


How do I add a scrollbar to a Rofi theme?

I first wanted to compare the code of default and solarized themes to see why the only the former theme displayed a scrollbar. However, it appears that the default theme is baked into Rofi itself and so such a comparison isn't possible.

I then installed Rofi in Ubuntu 19.10 and ran rofi-theme-selector. Some of the themes in 19.10's /usr/share/rofi/themes, including Arc-Dark did have scrollbars.

A comparison of Arc-Dark and solarized indicated that, in the former, code for the scrollbar section had the line

handle-color: @normal-foreground;

whereas the solarized theme lacks this line.

So changing

#scrollbar {
    width:        4px ;
    border:       0;
    handle-width: 8px ;
    padding:      0;
}

in the solarized theme in 18.04 to

#scrollbar {
    width:        4px ;
    border:       0;
    handle-color: @normal-foreground;
    handle-width: 8px ;
    padding:      0;
}

does the job and the modified solarized theme in 18.04 (and 19.10) now displays a scrollbar:

some rofi themes just don't have a scrollbar section. (I didn't look at these themes further.)
another aspect to check is whether the listview section of the theme has scrollbar: false;. That would need changing to scrollbar: true;
themes can be instead placed in $HOME/.config/rofi in which case the rofi command would need to include -theme ... where ... is the theme's prefix. So, if there's $HOME/.config/rofi/my_solarized.rasi, the command to run rofi would include -theme my_solarized.


If your keyboard is working during log in, then most probably your Desktop Environment configuration is somehow broken.

To resolve this you could try the next:

Switch to tty: Ctrl+Alt+F3
adduser username # create a new user
usermod -aG sudo username # add it into the sudo group
Log in using the new user and check
Install different Desktop Environment (choose one or a few):

sudo apt install lubuntu-desktop
sudo apt install ubuntu-mate-desktop^
sudo apt install budgie-desktop

Switch to different Display manager (lightdm, gdm, lxdm, kdm, xdm, etc., but install it first if not installed by sudo apt install lxdm):

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3


Dual Boot: Best file system for a shared partition?

You can indeed use exFAT on Linux after installing the exfat-fuse exfat-utils packages from aptitude on Ubuntu. I would recommend you stick to NTFS though. exFAT was designed for smaller drives.


Ubuntu won't boot without nomodeset on Thinkpad T570 (intel)

The problem turned out to be faulty RAM. I've sent it to Lenovo, and after three weeks they sent it back. Ubuntu boots properly now.


Can't boot into my Linux after installing Ubuntu on an external SSD

Grub has the requirement that every drive connected to the machine when it was run has to be present when you boot it again, even if it has nothing to do with the system you are to load getting loaded. Here is your problem from the the report.
 => No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/nvme0n1.
 => No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.

Use the command below then as root or with sudo in front of the command. It appears you have secure boot enabled as this is the command the boot-repair uses but fails with because the external was not found but is still in the device map, I added the recheck option to make it scan again with the command used by the program. You do these commands while booted into your install containing the Linux while you have disconnected the external drive. This will re-install it to the drive and allow you to boot it on its own.
grub-install --recheck --efi-directory=/boot/efi --target=x86_64-efi --uefi-secure-boot /dev/sda
update-grub

Hopefully it works on the next reboot for the system. These commands are used in the Terminal. Now I have read it again it says the secure boot is disabled which confuses me a bit as to why the command included it in the first place you may want to remove it for the first try, if it fails then put it back in the command for a second attempt.


Using Mac-OS shortcuts in Intellij IDEA with Ubuntu

You can make to use Win key as Meta
For to do this, go to System Settings | Keyboard Layout | Options...  at this point expand Alt/Win key behavior and choose Meta is mapped to Win keys option.
So now when you setup Mac OS X 10.5+ keymap on IntelliJ it should work as you are used to.
For more information about Meta key read this discussion.


Upgrade Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS does not go through

Direct upgrade is usually available only after the first point release (20.04.1). To force it you need to use the special options of the command.

-d – this allows us to upgrade to 20.04; normally, this option is used by early testers to try development versions of Ubuntu ahead of their official release. We will use it to start the upgrade. While the labels say “development”, don’t worry – we will in fact be upgrading to the stable, official release of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
-f – this option will launch a graphical guided wizard. Without it, the do-release-upgrade tool will run in the command-line. The process is otherwise identical.

I hope you are prepared for possible mishaps, you can never know.


Preventing a specific application from accessing a folder

There is one solution that can help you.as you have given full permission to that application from your side ,I'm afraid that you can't restrict the access of the application.

The one possible way is turn those file/folder permissions to accessible to only root.so that when you want to work with them you can do it by turning into a root user and your program can't access the root files/folders unless you have given enough permissions to it.

Hope that helps.


Is it possible to turn the .ISO file into a .exe file?

No, exe and iso are two different files. A exe is a windows executable, while iso is an image of a disk. If you want to replace vista with ubuntu, plug the dvd (usb) in and at boot press a key, typically it says for a second on the screen which key to press to go into the boot menu. From there you choose the usb or dvd and voila, Ubuntu boots up. Then just follow the installation instructions.

UPDATE: Just use wubi, it's in the iso file. This will only allow you to try ubuntu on your windows partition.


Intel HD Graphics in Dell Inspiron n4030 detected as unkown

This is your problem.

Go there and mark it for resolution, so they include the fix in the official distribution


How can I remove icons from the GNOME Shell panel?

A solution taken from the arch-wiki:

When doing a GNOME install, some unwanted icons might appear in the panel. To remove the icons, edit the GNOME panel script.

  For example, to remove the universal access icon. Remove a11y from
  the AREA_ORDER line and comment out the a11y line in
  AREA_SHELL_IMPLEMENTATION

/usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/panel.js

const STANDARD_STATUS_AREA_ORDER = ['ally', 'keyboard', 'volume', 'network', 'bluetooth', 'battery', 'userMenu'];
const STANDARD_STATUS_AREA_SHELL_IMPLEMENTATION = {
    'a11y': imports.ui.status.accessibility.ATIndicator
    'volume': imports.ui.status.volume.Indicator,
    'battery': imports.ui.status.power.Indicator,
    'keyboard': imports.ui.status.keyboard.XKBIndicator,
    'userMenu': imports.ui.userMenu.UserMenuButton
};

  to

/usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/panel.js

const STANDARD_STATUS_AREA_ORDER = ['keyboard', 'volume', 'network', 'bluetooth' 'battery', 'userMenu'];
const STANDARD_STATUS_AREA_SHELL_IMPLEMENTATION = {
    //'a11y': imports.ui.status.accessibility.ATIndicator
    'volume': imports.ui.status.volume.Indicator,
    'battery': imports.ui.status.power.Indicator,
    'keyboard': imports.ui.status.keyboard.XKBIndicator,
    'userMenu': imports.ui.userMenu.UserMenuButton
};

  save your results and restart the shell to see results:

Alt+F2
r
Enter

I am using this right now and it works with my gnome-shell!


How to make Unity/Ubuntu Expo plugin to show only desktops of a current monitor

I've noticed the same issue before, and have spent a long time trying to find a solution.

As I said, I have spent many a long hour studying it, and the only answer I can post, I'm afraid, is no, there is no way to do that with the Expo plugin.  It has to be controlled by compiz, and the settings are unfortunately extremely limited.  I searched around to see if there would be some way to change configurations, but it looks to me like short of editing the source code and recompiling, it is impossible.

The only workaround I found personally was instead of using the Expo plugin to use the Desktop Cube and Rotate Cube plugins, setting Multi-Output Mode to Multiple Cubes and unfolding the cube instead of opening the Expo.  I don't like it as well, and it just shows a black or transparent spot where the other screen should be, but that's the best I've found.


"Install VMware Tools" greyed out after installing ubuntu 15.04 on vmware player 7.1

I had the same issue.  Like the answer posted before, I had to shutdown the machine and change both the floppy drive and cd drives to "Auto detect" and then power on the machine.


How do I move thousands of files from a list?

Here is a little shell script for you:

#!/bin/sh

while read line
do
    DIR=`dirname "$line"`
    mkdir -p "$2/$DIR"
    mv "$line" "$2/$DIR"
done < $1

Usage (assuming you saved the script as script.sh and made it executable with chmod +x script.sh):

./script.sh input.txt output_directory

It will move all files listed in input.txt to output_directory, using their original paths, for example, for an input.txt has the following list:

test.txt
dir1/test.txt
Another Test/something_else.txt

The files will be moved to:

output_directory/test.txt
output_directory/dir1/test.txt
output_directory/Another Test/something_else.txt

I did some testing before posting this answer, but please make sure you try it on a smaller sample first to confirm it's working as expected!


Mysql root password when install from Ubuntu Software Center

Here is how to stop/kill the existing mysql daemon, in case it is running:

 sudo  ps -ef | grep mysql      - checks if mysql/mysqld is one of the running processes.

 sudo kill -9 'pid' mysqld             - kills the daemon, if it is running.

Run MySQL safe daemon with skipping grant tables

 sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

Login to MySQL as root with no password

 sudo mysql -u root mysql

Run UPDATE query to reset the root password

  UPDATE user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD("MyNewPassword") WHERE user="root";
  FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Stop MySQL safe daemon

 sudo  ps -ef | grep mysqld_safe
 sudo kill -9 'pid' mysqld_safe

Start MySQL daemon

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start

Privileges are flushed. Start MySQL and login as root with the password you reseted

 sudo mysql -u root -p mysql


Cannot connect to a wireless network on MSI U135DX

you don't give enough informations.
It can be related to a driver problem (got the same problem once with the open source driver of a broadcom).
Maybe just look first in "additionnal drivers" section to see if you have an other choice regarding wireless card driver.
If it doesn't help. You should provide at least the results of commands lspci, ifconfig and lsmod to see which driver is loaded.


g++: error trying to exec 'as': execvp: No such file or directory

You should not overwrite $PATH in your script.

Try this and don't forget the double quotes:

MY_PATH="/your/path"
/usr/bin/g++ -o "$MY_PATH/calc/calc" "$MY_PATH/calc/calc.cpp"

corrected script:

#!/bin/bash

clear

path_1="/media/joris/LinuxDomenai/Cpliuspliusprog"

echo "Path yra $path_1"

echo "Koks filename?"
read failas

echo "$path_1/$failas/$failas.cpp"

echo "filename?"
read failoname

path_2="/media/joris/LinuxDomenai/Cpliuspliusprog"
g++ -o "$path_2/calc/calc" "$path_2/calc/calc.cpp"


How to install linux 4.8 kernel in 14.04?

You can install any kernel you like from Ubuntu mainline PPA.

Download and install deb packages according to your arch.

But the 4.8 kernel is not officially supported for Ubuntu 14.04.


phpseclib, a pure PHP SSH implementation, is generally better than libssh2. Better at diagnostics and reliability too. In your case... I'd try this:

<?php
include('Net/SSH2.php');

define('NET_SSH2_LOGGING', NET_SSH2_LOG_COMPLEX);

$ssh = new Net_SSH2('www.domain.tld');
if (!$ssh->login('username', 'password')) {
    exit('Login Failed');
}

echo $ssh->exec('./makedir.sh');

echo $ssh->getLog();
?>

And see what it says.


' dconf reset -f / ' will this command remove the data in hard disk of ubuntu or not?

Short answer:

Many applications store their settings (in binary format) in the dconf database. Also many interface settings are done by editing this database.

This "data" will be lost if you run the command you mention, and all settings inside the database will go back to default. Your data, as in the files and folders you created, have nothing to do with the dconf database, and will remain as they are.


I cant make a .theme folder or .icon folder in nautilus

The files and folders with a .(dot) before their names are hidden by default to see them you can:

Run Ctrl+h, or
Change the settings in nautilus to see them always.:

You then run cd ~/.icon to change into that location and add what ever files you want to.


Where can one learn the structure of caret sign command sets as in install lamp-server^?

From this blog:

  Well, the answer is that the caret symbol is a short form for performing a task that otherwise the program “tasksel” would have done with the given package name.

  tasksel is a program to ease the installation of commonly used things that go together for a particular use. e.g. In the above instance of LAMP, the four packages and their dependencies are always used together, so tasksel provides a sort of a meta-package or meta-task that can be run by the user with a single command and then tasksel will take it upon itself to install all of them and set them up correctly for your use.

  Now, apt-get provides a way to perform that same task by itself without you having to install tasksel first and all you have to do is to give that same package name to apt-get but just append a caret at the end to tell apt-get that it is a tasksel package/task identifier and not a regular package name in debian/ubuntu repositories.


What's the purpose of Edit > Copy in Rhythmbox?

If you select a song under Music and then do Edit > Copy, you can then click on 'Play Queue' or a playlist (right click in the left bar and click 'New Playlist...' if you haven't made one before) and use Edit > Paste to place this song into the list.

You can also hold Ctrl and click multiple songs and then copy them en mass to a new playlist.


I had the same problem,  I installed nemo file manager which has admin privileges and dont have a problem although you have to open nemo in a terminal "sudo nemo" enter your password,  you now have elevated admin privileges. By the way if I have nemo file manager open without admin privileges and right click open with admin privileges it doesnt work. I have to open nemo in the terminal.


How to find and control the wlan card with setpci?

Firstly, using setpci to directly set hardware registers and states can be risky just because of the very low-level hardware access, unless you know it has been tried before like with the brightness setting you mention.

Secondly, as I do not know your laptop model and thus its components technical specifications, this post is a just an introduction of how to find information with lspci and setpci, which you can adapt to your needs.

Thirdly, all the commands are fine to run, as they merely query the device; only setpci run with sudo will actually change a device setting.

(If you just want to drop the connection instead of actually switching the hardware device off you can select your wlan device and run sudo iwconfig wlan0 down. This is far (!) easier than trying to enable/disable the hardware device with setpci.)

First run lspci to find the addresses of all of your hardware; for example, my ethernet controller is

02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10)

Now use the bus address/domain (02:00:0) and run lspci again with

sudo lspci -s 02:00.0 -nnvvxxx

and you will get the full readout of the information available and a hex dump of the PCI configuration space:

02:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ [10ec:8139] (rev 10)
    Subsystem: Billionton Systems Inc LNR-100 Family 10/100 Base-TX Ethernet [14cb:0200]
    Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
    Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
    Latency: 64 (8000ns min, 16000ns max)
    Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 17
    Region 0: I/O ports at 2400 [size=256]
    Region 1: Memory at 44000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=512]
    Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2
        Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1+ D2+ AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1+,D2+,D3hot+,D3cold-)
        Status: D0 NoSoftRst- PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
    Kernel driver in use: 8139too
    Kernel modules: 8139too, 8139cp
00: ec 10 39 81 07 00 90 02 10 00 00 02 00 40 00 00
10: 01 24 00 00 00 00 00 44 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 01 00 00 cb 14 00 02
30: 00 00 00 00 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 01 20 40
40: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

The hex dump continues, but I have curtailed it; you will need further technical specifications of your device for these values to have any meaning.

Now with setpci --dumpregs you can find out about the general hardware registers and then use setpci to query the device address (02:00.0) with, for example, one of these registers:

setpci -s 02:00.0 STATUS

to return a value. This can be repeated with the other registers in the list, but again you need to refer to detailed technical information on your devices at the same time.

In summary, you will need to refer to the technical specifications of your WLAN card (and possibly PCI specifications) so that you can find and choose the correct register and then refer to the lspci and setpci data so you can prepare the sudo setpci command setting that enables/disables the card. It is not possible to find the correct register without in depth specifications, and often it is difficult to find the correct one anyway. However, I hope that this short discussion might help point you in the right direction.


Ubuntu Installation of 64-bit on 32-bit OS

Whether you should run 32bit OS or 64bit OS mainly depends on your processor rather than on your RAM!

If your processor is capable of running 64bit OS (almost all latest processors are capable of running 64bit OS) Then you should install 64bit OS. If is not the case then you should install 32bit OS.

Talking about RAM:

If you install a 32bit OS then the Maximum RAM supported by your system will be 4GB.

If you install a 64bit OS then you can install more than 1TB of RAM!

have a look at this


How to deal with being unable to boot Ubuntu distributions with a Nvidia discrete or hybrid graphics card

BIOS: Configure settings to allow you to boot from a USB. Start your computer and enter BIOS setup from the splash screen. The key to enter it should be labeled on your BIOS splash screen. Common keys are F2, F10, ESC.

  USB Virtualization: ON - This allows booting an operating system from.
  Boot Mode: Legacy for MBR formatted USBs, UEFI for GPT formatted USBs.
  Secure Boot: Applicable to EFI booting: You may need to disable Secure Boot due to unsigned kernels or non-free Nvidia drivers unless you've signed them yourself.

First boot: getting into GRUB: Some distributions boot into GRUB and allow you to edit options before booting in. For others, there are multiple variations of entering GRUB. I have come across pressing TAB, pressing ESC at the exact nano second, and a few others.

Editing GRUB

Once there, press e to edit configuration.

There should be quiet splash located there, and right after it type nouveau.modeset=0, then it should boot fine. quiet splash was removed for visibility in the screenshot.

Have nouveau.modeset=0 enabled every boot

Open terminal and type sudo nano /etc/default/grub

On the line beginning with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=, add nouveau.modeset=0 within the quotes. CTRL + O to save, enter, CTRL + X, then type sudo update-grub into terminal.

Other options that you can separately try in GRUB are:

nomodeset
i915.modeset=0
i915.modeset=1

References that I will read/integrate later:

  https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2340158

  Is nomodeset still required?

  What do the nomodeset, quiet and splash kernel parameters mean?


The brightness of the screen is set to 0% automatically

Through some very simple research, it seems that this is not in fact an Ubuntu issue, but a setting that you can change in your BIOS menu. Here's the exact steps you can use to fix this:

On startup, press  F2  to boot into your BIOS menu

Once there navigate to battery

Change settings for brightness

Now save, and exit BIOS.

Next boot of Ubuntu, this problem should be fixed

If this doesn't work, please leave a comment so I can better work to help you.


Too many Show Desktop extension icons under GNOME Panel

It seems you have installed an outdated extension which may not work as expected.

Remove the extension from here and install an updated fork of the extension:
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1194/show-desktop-button/


You see two icons because you have two desktop files: either in /usr/share/applications and/or in ~/.local/share/applications. The file name of the desktop file isn't the same in your file manager nor your Launcher. In your file manager and in your Launcher you see what's defined inside the desktop file, note the entry Name=

Example

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Eclipse C++
Comment=Eclipse Integrated Development Environment
Icon=eclipse
Exec=/opt/eclipse-cpp/eclipse/eclipse
StartupNotify=true
StartupWMClass=Eclipse-CPP

grep -lr 'Name=Eclipse C++' ~/.local/share/applications

/home/aboettger/.local/share/applications/opt_eclipse_cpp.desktop

Therefore find the right path and file name with the commands below:

Eclipse Mars Java

grep -lr 'Name=Eclipse Mars Java' /usr/share/applications
grep -lr 'Name=Eclipse Mars Java' ~/.local/share/applications

Eclipse Mars

grep -lr 'Name=Eclipse Mars [^J]' /usr/share/applications
grep -lr 'Name=Eclipse Mars [^J]' ~/.local/share/applications

Delete the right file via (NOTE, that are the same commands as above with the additional command sudo rm or rm)

Eclipse Mars Java

grep -lr 'Name=Eclipse Mars Java' /usr/share/applications | xargs sudo rm
grep -lr 'Name=Eclipse Mars Java' ~/.local/share/applications | xargs rm

Eclipse Mars

grep -lr 'Name=Eclipse Mars [^J]' /usr/share/applications | xargs sudo rm
grep -lr 'Name=Eclipse Mars [^J]' ~/.local/share/applications | xargs rm


It seems that you need to install other packages before you go ahead with your phpmyadmin install.

First install Apache server then afterwards try installing phpmyadmin.

Apache Install Documentation


Will this hardware work well with Ubuntu?

The wireless N card will only work at G speeds in 10.10 currently, but once they fix that it should work at N speeds.  You shouldn't have compatibility problems with any of the other stuff you mentioned.  It is really outside the scope of this site to ask for general hardware advice, but I'll give you just a little anyway:

The core I5 is awesome, really the best "bang for your buck" if you ask me.

eVGA is a junk brand in my opinion.  I've had 2 of their video cards fail, one with exploded capacitors.  Their support is not helpful about it either.

Dedicated sound cards are pointless for most people.  The onboard audio is usually more than good enough (and has digital outputs) on modern motherboards.


Creative Zen does not work in Banshee or Rhythmbox

To use your Creative Zen on 11.10, you can try Gnomad 2 :
sudo apt-get install gnomad2.

It works perfectly for my Creative Zen Micro on 11.10.


Firstly, why do you not have a 'start on' condition specified? Do you really only ever want this service to be started manually?

Second, you can simplify the configuration to be just:

exec plink -v -N proxy@12.34.96.48 -D 127.0.0.1:8580 -pw ****

In other words, you don't need 'script' as that just passes the command through the shell. Next, I'd be very wary of hard-coding a password in a job file like this (and IP addresses etc for that matter).

As to what is causing your job to behave strangely, does /var/log/upstart/plink.log give you any indication of the issue?

The Upstart Cookbook provides lots of information you might find useful including:

http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/#expect
http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/#checking-how-a-service-might-react-when-run-as-a-job


ubuntu-overlay-scrollbars set to false shows no arrows in several cases

You could try the methods outlined by Webupd8.

My favorite is the uninstallation option:

sudo apt-get remove overlay-scrollbar liboverlay-scrollbar-0.2-0 liboverlay-scrollbar3-0.2-0

Bear in mind that Webupd8 says that this may cause dependency issues with metapackages, although in practice I haven't had this issue with 12.04.  If you do have dependency issues, I would advise against removing any metapackages and instead recommend that you use one of the other methods.


What is the difference if I ve installed kernel ubuntu current version or kernel 3.10.4

The kernel development is independent from the distributions. The main page can be viewed from this page

Your kernel version and its files are being served from Ubuntu repositories and mre stable because they had been tested for a long time.

If you look thorough the kernel site main page, you can see the 3.9.11 (eol) is the end of development version of your current kernel version.

After that 3.10.* mainline has been started to develop, so 3.8 main line will no longer be developed. You can stay with your 3.8 kernel or install 3.10.* but the more recent version gives more support for new technologies, bugfixed, more secure kernel (Note:Important security bugfixes are backported to older kernel versions too.)


How to install a desktop on Ubuntu Snappy Core 15.04?

Snappy Ubuntu core is definitely an option of your want to load Ubuntu on Raspberry Pi 2. However, Snappy Ubuntu uses a different package management system and is different from mainstream Ubuntu in several other ways. Ubuntu is definitely an option. But the MATE is a development of the Gnome 2 desktop and is my preference over Unity, at least on low power devices. Enter Ubuntu MATE, now you can not only have MATE desktop but also get the latest Ubuntu 15.04 Vivid Vervet on Raspberry Pi.

The Raspberry Pi Ubuntu MATE image is based on Ubuntu armhf and not the new Snappy Ubuntu Core. This means that it functions the same way as the regular desktop version and uses the same package management system. So you will be able to use apt-get commands to manage your packages.

Setup Ubuntu on Raspberry Pi 2 with Ubuntu MATE

The current Ubuntu MATE 15.04 image for Raspberry Pi 2 made by Rohith Madhavan and can be downloaded from here.

First download Raspberry Pi Ubuntu image from Ubuntu MATE. The file will be downloaded as ubuntu-mate-15.04-desktop-armhf-raspberry-pi-2.img.bz2. Pop in the micro SD card into your computer slot to setup Ubuntu on RPi 2.0 Model B.

Ubuntu for RPi 2 Setup from Linux

First, find out the device id of the SD card as /dev/sdX, where X is the device id. Then, use the bunzip2 command to extract the downloaded .bz2 file. Finally, write the extract .img file using the ddrescue command. The sequence of steps is shown below (of course replace the sdX with the current device id):

$ lsblk
$ bunzip2 ubuntu-mate-15.04-desktop-armhf-raspberry-pi-2.img.bz2
$ sudo ddrescue -d -D --force ubuntu-mate-15.04-desktop-armhf-raspberry-pi-2.img /dev/s

Running Ubuntu on Raspberry Pi

Throughput on a SD is no where near an HDD therefore having a good Class 10 micro SDHC card is key. The first time you boot Ubuntu on Raspberry Pi 2, you will have to through the setup wizard to create user account as you would on regular Ubuntu installation.

Upon writing the image to the SD card, not all space on the SD card will be used. You will have to manually resize the filesystem. Boot Raspberry Pi to Ubuntu MATE and run fdisk command to re-work partitions:

sudo fdisk /dev/mmcblk0

Delete the second partition (d, 2), then re-create it using the defaults (n, p, 2, enter, enter), then write and exit (w). Reboot the system, then issue:

sudo resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p2

The above command will run for a few minutes. You can then verify the filesystem size with df -h command. Once your Raspberry Pi Ubuntu system is ready, the possibilities are endless.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This is a VERY SIMPLE rundown on installing MATE. I suggest you read the documentation found here.


error: Unit mongodb.service is masked when starting mongodb

Unit mongodb.service is masked.

So unmask it:

sudo systemctl unmask mongodb

Why are some systemd services in the "masked" state?  explains masking.


As per the discussion at the OBS Project page:

https://obsproject.com/forum/threads/opengl-outstanding-bug-in-ubuntu-14-04.25244/

Basically what this all boils down to is that OBS makes use of features in OpenGL 3.2 and above.  This is most likely specifically related to screen capture, and this is specific to the linux platform.  They use directx in windows.

Now you can check and see if you currently support OpenGL 3.2 with this command:

glxinfo | grep "OpenGL core"

If you are supporting a lower value than OpenGL 3.2, you'll bomb out with the above error message.  Which especially sucks if you weren't even planning on doing a screen capture =P

Possible remedies are switching between open source and proprietary drivers.  some have better GL support than others depending on the card.


How to triple boot windows 7, ubuntu 14.04, and ubuntu 14.10 (keeping windows loader if possible)

As per the comment offered by @oldfred, I ran update-grub from within the 14.04 system.  It automatically added entries for the 14.10 system.  So, I boot using windows MBR and select 14.04, then from the grub screen I pick wither 14.04 or 14.10.

The one gotcha was that update-grub was not in my path.  I ended up having to install the grub2-common package and then run it directly, e.g., sudo /usr/sbin/update-grub


There is no need for being frustrated.
Boot from Ubuntu installation media.

Highlight Try Ubuntu without installing and press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press the F10 key to boot into the Ubuntu Live desktop.

Click on Install Ubuntu and start the system installation.
When finished, reboot into the installed Ubuntu system.

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and  press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press the F10 key to boot into the Ubuntu system.

First of all install the NVIDIA drivers and reboot the system.
Now you don't have to add nouveau.modeset=0 anymore ...


How to run Symfony on Ubuntu 16.04 with php7

To fix this problem I installed the following packages:

apt install libapache2-mod-php7.1 php7.1 php7.1-cli php7.1-json php7.1-opcache php7.1-readline php7.1-intl php7.1-xml


How do I enable right click on a Lenovo Z580?

This answer was taken from the following more generic post. Note that I also put this answer up on the Lenovo forum.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebuggingTouchpadDetection

And go to the section: Enabling right button click for clickpads on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

The short protocol as follows:

Download enable-rightbutton.sh script:

wget 'https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebuggingTouchpadDetection?action=AttachFile&do=view&target=enable-rightbutton.sh'

Set executable permission:

chmod a+x enable-rightbutton.sh

Look up the ID number for the SynPS/2 Synaptics Touchpad:

xinput

In my case it is 14:

./enable-rightbutton.sh 14

Note: replace 14 with whatever id number your touchpad had for xinput

Then everything starts working.

Pretty great! Now you only have to deal with the slow start up issue and your lenovo z580 will be as good as functional!


Are there any window managers for Gnome that can remember where my windows should be in different layouts?

I wrote a Python script for this. It stores & restores window layouts for specific screen setups. One can configure the script to automatically

store the current window layout for the current screen setup,
switch to a configured screen setup using xrandr, and
restore a window layout previously stored for the new screen setup.

https://github.com/truhanen/windowlayouts


Convert transparent image sequence to gif

If you use the -dispose Background option, when a frame is added to the canvas, it will clear the background before the next image is overlaid. For example:

convert -delay 100 -dispose Background *.png anim.gif

Additional info can be found in the Animation Basics page of the ImageMagick docs.


When moving all files but-one using mv, how do you escape filenames with dashes?

The syntax for the ksh-style extended glob is !(pattern) not (!pattern)
To exclude a the single file named -dashie-file- it would be !(-dashie-file-), or to exclude all files containing dashes you would use !(*-*), for example
mv !(-dashie-file-) path/to/newdir/

mv !(*-*) path/to/newdir/

You don't even need -- since the shell excludes the troublesome files before mv sees them (although it's good practice to include it), ex. given
$ ls
 -dashie-file-   dashing-file-with-evil-secrets  'other file'   somefile

then using ls in place of mv for the purpose of illustration
$ ls !(-dashie-file-)
 dashing-file-with-evil-secrets  'other file'   somefile

$ ls !(*-*)
'other file'   somefile


How do I record audio and video to a file from my webcam using ffmpeg?

The /dev/dsp device comes from the old Open Sound System drivers, which are deprecated these days.  The devices you've listed support the newer ALSA API, so can't be used with ffmpeg's oss decoder.

Instead follow the instructions in the other question, but modify the command to:

ffmpeg -f alsa -i $ALSA_DEVICE_NAME ...

Where $ALSA_DEVICE_NAME is the device name displayed by arecord -L that corresponds to your webcam.  It will likely list a few options for the webcam, but picking the one starting with hw: or plughw: should be fine.


Can I use a USB drive to extend the hard drive space?

Short answer: You can't do what I think you're thinking, but it may be that what I think you think you're thinking isn't what you're thinking and so this will be helpful.

Long answer: You can't extend the partition from your hard drive onto the flash drive, but if you know that your flash drive always mounts to the same location (it will if you don't change it's name), you can put particular folders onto that space using symbolic links. Move the folder you want on the flash drive to the flash drive, then rename (or delete, but that should wait until after a successful test) the copy on your hard drive. Open a terminal and create a symbolic link from the place it was on your hard disk to the place it is on your flash drive. Note that it does not have to be in the same place on your flash drive as it was (for instance, on my Mac I do this with my Steam folder; I put it onto a flash drive so I can use it on multiple computers easily, so long as I keep the flash drive I don't have to re-download)

For instance, say you have a lot of content in your Movies folder:

Move (or copy and rename the original, preferably) ~/Movies onto your flash drive (name it whatever you want, and it can be in whatever folder you want, I'm saying it's now called "desktop-movies" in your flash drive Sparky, which is mounted at /media/Sparky/)
Open a terminal, run ln -s /media/Sparky/desktop-movies/ ~/Movies to make ~/Movies a link to desktop-movies on /media/Sparky/
Remember that if you have spaces or other special characters (not including dashes and underscores) in either folder name, precede them with backslashes, and if you have a backslash then convert it into a double backslash.


Self-signed certificates are considered not trustworthy by definition. Certificates work with what you may call a "chain of trust": I trust Alice, because I trust Bob and he says Alice is trustworthy. I trust Bob, because I trust Cleo and she says Bob is trustworthy. And so forth, until you arrive at the root certificates that come with your browser (or other client).
Let's say you point your browser at https://askubuntu.com. That server provides you with a certificate that says "I'm askubuntu.com, honest, cross my heart!". But why should your browser trust this certificate? Because the certificate has been signed by a certificate authority or CA. In AskUbuntu's case, that CA is Let's Encrypt. And by it signature, Let's Encrypt says, "Yes, the certificate the server at https://askubuntu.com showed you is valid, and you can trust it". So, the next question is, why should your browser trust Let's Encrypt? And here we are at the chain of trust we've seen above: After one or multiple intermediary certificates which each "deliver" trust to another, the chain arrives at one of the root certificates that came with your browser.
So, what does all that mean for your self-signed certificate? That certificate can't possibly be accepted by your browser, because (as the term already points out) you've signed it yourself. There's no chain of trust. It's a bit like you want to enter a company building, and issue yourself an key card for the door. That won't exactly fly ;)
So your configuration is probably completely fine, at least you didn't provide any indication of additional problems. You just have to add an exception in your browser.


Ubuntu 20.04 boot freezes after shutting down the PC, but not after restarting from Windows 10

Boot into Windows, restart and then select Ubuntu. Windows is powering on a device and leaving it powered up when restarting. Ubuntu is not powering up the device.
After starting Ubuntu open a terminal and use sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub.
Locate the line with:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Remove quiet splash leaving the double quotes and everything else there.
Save the file, exit editor and run:
sudo update-grub

Now when you start your computer you will see status messages when grub calls Ubuntu. The last status message before computer freezes is the error we need to track down and fix.

Resolution
Upon reviewing boot errors OP discovered problem was a duplicate of:

PCIe Bus error severity=Corrected


Okay just solved it. Adding following line to /etc/apt/apt.conf has solved the problem:
Acquire::http::proxy "http://10.1.3.1:8080/";

If file does not exist, create it. Do not confuse it with apt.conf.d directory.


Please don't use the same_quant option. It doesn't achieve what you think it does.

Now, to achieve lossless compression, you need to specify a constant quality of 0 with -crf 0.

avconv -f x11grab -r 15 -s 1366x768 -i :0.0 \
-c:v libx264 -preset ultrafast -crf 0 \
test.mkv

See the x264 encoding guide for more options.  If you don't have x264, you need libavcodec-extra.

Note that FFmpeg and Libav should treat this command the same. The problem with your system is that your FFmpeg version is terribly outdated. You should compile it yourself or download a static build from the homepage. Both would include x264.


I have just received my new Asus Zenbook Flip and I'm about to install Ubuntu 17.10, so I'll report back here on my success / lack thereof.

You asked 4 months ago, did you learn anything yourself about this in the meantime?

Update: I'm running Ubuntu 18.04 and the pen works 100%.


rsync two existing directories copying everything

Turns out I should have bitten the bullet...
The dry run was just outputting the directories it explores but not the actual files.

I ran rsync for real and all was ok it skipped everything apart from the one or two new additions.

For reference this worked;

sudo rsync -avzs --ignore-existing --progress '/media/Storage/OSs/' 'User@MyDomain:/mnt/Storage/OSs/'


Running multiple pipelines of gstreamer simultaneously in sync

One of the pipelines is gstreamer 1.0, the other is using 0.10 (default of gst-launch). Using 1.0 is recommended.

You can just have both launch lines in the same gst-launch-1.0 command. You also might want to add some queues before or after the encoders to have some buffering in the pipeline

gst-launch-1.0 v4l2src device=/dev/video1 ! videorate  ! 'image/jpeg,framerate=30/1,width=1920,height=1080' ! jpegparse ! avimux name=muxer ! filesink location=/home/sina/Desktop/Recordings/video.avi v4l2src device=/dev/video0 ! 'video/x-raw, framerate=24/1, width=1024, height=768' ! x264enc ! mpegtsmux ! filesink location=/home/sina/Desktop/Recordings/Screen.ts  -v


How to convert docx to doc with terminal

There are packages like having such descriptions  , personally i never tested them. But do try.

Unoconv -converter between LibreOffice document formats and for its usage

And Office formats converter /jodconverter , also see its man page

P.S. & TIP : Try searching Converter in Synaptic , you will get lots of results , try them and use as required.


The easiest method would be to use Ubuntu on a Live CD/DVD/USB (so that you aren't using any of your hoard drive partitions) and then repartition your drive in GParted.

Note that the concept of "C drive", "D drive", etc. is within Windows only, and you won't see such lettering in GParted. You'll have to know the approximate size and (relative) positions of your partitions so that you can identify which is which.


Monitor resolution problem (nouveau-driver, 32-bit Ubuntu 12.04.1)

Your last statement has to match the --newmode statement:
xrandr --addmode VGA-1 1368x60_60.00

Though I've never used a mode name with a .00 before. Usually the name would be 1366x768_60.


Following disabling kdewallet. Open and edit ~/.kde/share/config/kwalletrc as shown below.

[$Version]
update_info=kwallet-4.13.upd:kde4.13

[Auto Allow]
kdewallet=kwalletmanager

[Auto Deny]
kdewallet="Google Chrome"

[Wallet]
Enabled=false
Launch Manager=false


Is there any specific reason why Gnome Terminal Emulator uses Shift+Ctl+V and not the typical Ctrl+V?

Yes,

the typical shortcut for copy  and paste on the terminal (not only on gnome and not even only on gnu/linux is ctr + shift + v.

Ctrl + c is Interrupt/Kill whatever you are running (SIGINT). It would not be prudent to change that.
These shortcuts are older than Ctrl + c, ctrl + v.

A more elaborate and better answer is here:
https://superuser.com/questions/421463/why-does-ctrl-v-not-paste-in-bash-linux-shell


After performing a software update, my system is falling back to software rendering in low graphics mode

I managed to fix my problem by removing some ppas I had incorrectly added a few months ago:

ppa-purge ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
ppa-purge ppa:oibaf/gallium-nine
ppa-purge ppa:commendsarnex/winedri3


First:

sudo apt-get --purge remove apache2
sudo apt-get autoremove

Then installing apache2 is as simple as:

sudo apt-get install apache2
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

To test it:

lynx "http://localhost"

More information on configuration Apache (Ubuntu 13.10)


I have Ubuntu 12.04 installed on my pc and the pc hangs and does not restart more (translated)

Translated from google

Do not know if it'll help much, but I was upgraded to the 10.04 and the 12.04, 12.04 unfortunately it is much heavier I'm dying to get back to the 10:04 just that I can not. Attempts to do the same.

Não sei se vou te ajudar muito, mas eu estava com o 10.04 e atualizei para o 12.04, infelizmente o 12.04 ele é bem mais pesado eu estou doido para conseguir voltar para o 10.04 só que não consigo. Tenta fazer o mesmo.


Try removing the file ~/.Xauthority.

To do that,

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 at the login page.
Enter your username and password, and you'd be able to login using tty.
Now, delete the file:

sudo rm ~/.Xauthority


Programs aren't generally updated in Ubuntu unless they absolutely have to. The current version of the program at release time is what goes in the repositories. After that, only critical security updates are allowed. So, you'll either have to upgrade Ubuntu or manually download the current version of PHP.


A makefile is just a file that is read and processed by the make command.

In turn, the make command is provided by package make. So your command should be

sudo apt install make


What is the difference between a "new" unused dependency and an unused dependency?

Reading through the source, it appears that "Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-New-Unused-Dependencies" will only remove unused dependencies that were created during that unattended-upgrade invocation whereas "Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies" will remove all unused dependencies, regardless of when they were created.


Create Ubuntu theme with pure HTML/JS/CSS

You cannot do this. Most of the applications in Ubuntu are not HTML web apps embedded running on a common API, like say they would be on WebOS or the new FirefoxOS. However, GTK+ 3.x and Qt 4 and 5 do use a specialized CSS syntax for creating themes.

There is some documentation available in the GtkCssProvider API documentation.
There is also some documentation for Qt in the Qt Style Scheets documentation.

However, even if you create some themes, it will not apply to all applications, and any application can still force its own style, if the author of it so chooses.


Problem in installing Ubuntu 12.04.4 with wubi

Most probably, it means Wubi failed while trying to include that latest Ubuntu installation in the boot options of Windows. If you check this link, you'll see that while MANUALLY uninstalling an Ubuntu distro, you'll need to REMOVE Ubuntu from your boot options by editing bcdedit.exe. So, you're getting this error while trying to ADD Ubuntu to your boot options.
In order to solve this, I suggest you start off by uninstalling the first Ubuntu and then start afresh using Wubi. Or, though I'm not an expert on this, do a dual-boot installation using a bootable USB drive or some other method. (See this page for details.) Goodluck!


Just go to System Settings -> Region & Languages -> Manage Installed Languages.

Then you can choose your things and then select Apply System Wide..

Read the text under "Apply System-Wide" Tab. Which is

Use the same language choices for startup and the login screen. when you are in "Language" Section.

and

Use the same format choice for startup and the login screen. when you are in "Regional Formats" Section.


How to create a .desktop unity launcher that starts an executable in a specific working directory

Add a line

Path=/home/john/local/lantern-chess/


I can't get suspend, hibernate and shutdown to work in Ubuntu 12.04

By swap he means the swap partition. Swap or paging
To check your swap partition, you could do one of these:
Go to Ubuntu Software Center, and install gparted.
There you can check all your disk partitions.


Hadoop: Not able to find the start-dfs.sh start-mapred.sh scripts

The tutorial step 2 asked to create a new user: hduser.

So if you decided to adopt this username for the Hadoop user, the path of start-all.sh should be:

cd /home/hduser/hadoop/bin/
start-all.sh

Or if installed system-wide:

/usr/lib/hadoop/bin/


Cannot downgrade wpa_supplicant to fix Wi-Fi connection to a corporate network (WPA2/PEAP with no CA certificate) in Ubuntu 18.04

I found a solution and it is working flawlessly. Here are the steps:

Add Ubuntu Vivid and Xenial repos.

$ cat <<'EOF' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vivid.list
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-security main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

$ cat <<'EOF' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/xenial.list
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

Update your repo list.

$ sudo apt -y update

Downgrade wpasupplicant and install libssl.

$ sudo apt -y --allow-downgrades install wpasupplicant=2.1-0ubuntu7.3

$ sudo apt -y --allow-downgrades install libssl1.0.0=1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.14

Setup priority for the recently installed packages.

$ sudo echo -e "Package: wpasupplicant\nPin: release o=Ubuntu,n=vivid\nPin-Priority: 1001" | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/vivid

$ sudo echo -e "Package: libssl1.0.0\nPin: release o=Ubuntu,n=xenial\nPin-Priority: 1001" | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/xenial

Restart your computer.

Credits: http://viranzo.blogs.upv.es/2018/09/11/downgrade-wpa_supplicant-ubuntu-18-04


I've figured out that the font hinting setting is responsible for the quality difference I perceive. The rendering of hardy_gray_good was done with the medium hinting setting, while the others used the slight hinting setting.

One straightforward way to solve my problem is doing all these:

Change the value of System / Preferences / Appearance / Fonts / Details / Hinting to Medium. Other settings there such as Smoothing doesn't matter much: Subpixel is a great default for LCDs, but Grayscale can be fine too.
Edit the fontconfig configuration to set the hinting to medium. The simplest way to do this is the following:

cp -i /etc/fonts/conf.avail/10-hinting-medium.conf ~/.fonts.conf

This editing has proved to be necessary for Firefox and Chrome, because they ignore the System / Preferences / Appearance / Fonts / Details / Hinting setting.
Restart applications such as Firefox and Chrome. The simplest way to restart all of them is logging out and back in.


Why is it not possible to PXE boot Ubuntu Desktop editions?

I can confirm that it is possible to PXE-boot 18.04 Desktop using the following setup:

tftpd-hpa
nfs-kernel-server
lighttpd
ipxe

Below are the iPXE instructions I used to PXE-boot:

#!ipxe

set server_ip <PXE server IP>

:start
menu Please choose an operating system to install
item --gap Ubuntu Live
item 16.04 Ubuntu 16.04LTS Live Boot
item 18.04 Ubuntu 18.04LTS Live Boot
...
:18.04
kernel installroot/Ubuntu/18.04/amd64/vmlinuz boot=casper netboot=nfs nfsroot=${server_ip}:/srv/pxe/installroot/Ubuntu/18.04/amd64 initrd=initrd.gz toram
initrd installroot/Ubuntu/18.04/amd64/initrd.gz
boot || goto failed

The problem you are having may be more specific to Cobbler. Please either clarify your question or post the error you are experiencing.


How do I install windows wireless driver for TP-Link TL-WN7200ND

using strick like this : use lan and update your driver usb wifi or Ralink RT3070 download and install from Ralink.


Windows 8.1 wont boot after installing ubuntu 14.04 (2 drives separate drives)

I installed easyBCD, added a new entry for linux and option for ubuntu appeared!
ps: easyBCD is free for individuals


Setting Primary Monitor for Launcher on Natty 11.04

Setting the primary monitor only requires selecting the "Make Default" button in the "monitor settings".

This will switch which monitor the unity bar is placed.


Moving a MySQL database involves "exporting" it and then "importing" it, not copying it. You have identified that you have "phpmyadmin" installed. On your Windows computer use it to export your database. Copy the resulting file to your Ubuntu computer and use "phpmyadmin" on your Ubuntu computer, in this case, to import it.

Alternatively use: mysqldump


Error while using Windows Subsystem for Linux to install Package?

I had the same issue as you and found the temporary solution in this github thread:  https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/3274

Somewhere in the comments there is linked to a temporary fix: https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/1761#issuecomment-392575807


Change the owner of a subdirectory on a mounted drive

You can not change ownership on a read only filesystem. The mount command will list if the partition is mounted read only. Probably not the problem since you say it does not complain (as it would if it was read-only).

But you can also NOT change ownership on a filesystem that is NOT posix (that includes all Windows filesystems). Changing ownership on Windows filesystems is done when mounting the partition.
If this is the case add "uid=1000,gid=1000" to the line in /etc/fstab related to this mount. 1000 is the main user; if you want another check the userid with id -u {user} and the groupid with id -g {user}.


cross compiling error for helloworld program

It looks like you are re-using the same build directory for the cross-compile that you used for the original native build. The 'make' program doesn't know that you've changed toolchains, and doesn't consider the object file (main.o) to be out of date - so it doesn't try to recompile it, it just jumps straight to the link step - which fails because it's trying to link a native ELF object with foreign (mingw) libraries.

Try executing a make clean or rm src/*.o before the make to force full recompilation.