First partition your new disk. Use /dev/disk/by-id/ instead of /dev/sdX so you don't make mistakes.

sudo apt-get install gdisk partclone
lsblk -o NAME,VENDOR,MODEL
sudo gdisk /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber

Take note that usb-modelnamenumber is a placeholder for your device which will be named by its model number and the interface its connected on like usb.

o

to create a new GPT partition table.

n

to add new partitions

1 EFI System 256MiB
2 Linux       60GiB
3 Windows    140GiB
4 Data        20GiB
5 Swap      ~3.6GiB

add these by using the defaults for the first two prompts in gdisk partition number and first sector. Then for last sector and file system type use this syntax for each partition in order firs the last sector then the fstype:

+256M
ef00

+60G
8300

+140G
0700

+20G
8300

Then for the last one just use the default which will be the rest of the disk just slightly under 3.6GiB. And use 8200 for the file system type.

Then write changes to disk with w:

sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part1
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part2
sudo mkfs.ntfs -f /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part3
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part4
sudo mkswap /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part5

You will need to go into Windows and shrink the Windows partition from disk management. Further you will need to restart you Ubuntu and from GRUB run in recovery mode. Then chroot /target Before running the following.

sudo partclone.fat32 -b -s /dev/sda1 -o /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part1
sudo partclone.ext4 -b -s /dev/sda8 -o /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part2
sudo partclone.ntfs -b -s /dev/sda3 -o /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part3

After this you can return to normal Ubuntu.

It's not clear what sda2,4,5,6,7 are.

sudo mount /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part2 /mnt
sudo mount /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part1 /mnt/boot/efi

Open /etc/fstab and change UUIDs because you copied this from an existing drive. They will be in a table where UUID=[UUID] is placed for each device. Replace the [UUID] part.

lsblk -o UUID /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part1

For /boot/efi:

lsblk -o UUID /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part2

For /:

lsblk -o UUID /dev/disk/by-id/usb-modelnamenumber-part5

For swap:

sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --boot-directory=/mnt/boot --efi-directory==/mnt/boot/efi --bootloader-id="UbuntuSSD"
sudo grub-mkconfig -o /mnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg
sudo umount /mnt/*

After you've done this you should have two working systems depending on if you pick Ubuntu or UbuntuSSD. At this point you'd want to test if it works.


How to get rid of unused jfsCommit processes?

Even if you are not using JFS/XFS, these kernel processes exist if the JFS/XFS kernel modules are loaded. Assuming you're using a recent stock kernel, these kernel modules are .ko modules, so to prevent them from loading all you need to do is blacklist jfs and xfs inside /etc/modprobe.d

If you are using a kernel that has these modules built-in, the only way to remove them is at runtime with an rmmod or modprobe -r -- in that case, those would have to go into a startup script.

To find out whether yours are modular or built-in, just do a sudo updatedb and locate jfs.ko, locate xfs.ko. If results in the /lib/modules/ directory are returned, they are modular; otherwise, they're built-in.

Could you edit the question with the output of uname -a?


Problem Installing Ubuntu 11.04 on Dell Inspiron 1545

Sorry that I don't have extra time at the moment to look this up in more detail for you. However what I believe you are looking at here is a master boot record that is failing. *Nix and Windows uses these first sectors differently on a hard drive and when that first inner area of the disk begins failing, Windows is going to be the first one to start having problems.

I have managed to get a few more weeks of life (sometimes a three or four months) out of repairing a MBR, but really that HD is "on the way out". Also note that if you replace the hard drive it is often possible to use the older one for data storage even though the MBR is having problems, it is not entirely uncommon for the other parts of the disk to be ok. Just make sure to keep good backups :-)


libglu1-mesa-dev, how to keep both i386 and amd64 packages

Unfortunately, due to the fact that both packages (amd64 and i386) have conflicting files, both packages cannot be installed together.

You can open a bug request on Debian or Ubuntu to get some attention on this matter.


Using 2 keyboards at the same time create annoying input lag

It is indeed an Xorg issue. If this is an option for you: at the login screen there is a small gear where you can select "Ubuntu on Wayland". This solves the issue for me. I'm typing this on two USB keyboards right now.

The only issue is that it seems to have some lag in propagating shift. I.E. if i press shift on one board and a key on the other, it comes out unshifted, unless I hold shift for a bit.


How to download the best video along with the best compatible audio with youtube-dl?

You can download the best video and audio by using:

youtube-dl -f bestvideo+bestaudio "link to youtube video"

If that gives you an error, try the following instead:

youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo[ext=mp4]+bestaudio[ext=m4a]/bestvideo+bestaudio' --merge-output-format mp4 "link to youtube video"

Here you download the best video and audio seperately and then merge into a, in this case mp4 file. You can change the output format on the merged video as well.

Good luck!


Using Libre Office Draw to draw UML class diagrams

It sounds like you are already aware of what is available.

Dia is recommended over LO Draw at: Where are the shapes in LibreOffice Draw?
I recommended the www.lautman.net shapes in my answer at https://ask.libreoffice.org/en/question/152625/is-there-a-uml-xshape-for-libreoffice/.
One more link that may be helpful: https://ask.libreoffice.org/en/question/52206/is-a-system-wide-uml-class-diagram-for-libreoffice-4432-available-somewhere/.


“Disk drive for /boot/efi is not ready yet or not present” after reinstalling Windows

First, EFI boot loaders are ordinary files that reside on the EFI System Partition (ESP), which is mounted at /boot/efi in Ubuntu. When an OS installs an EFI boot loader, it also creates an entry in NVRAM that points to its boot loader. You can usually get a boot menu showing these entries when you start the computer. This contrasts with BIOS, where boot loaders are stored in the first sector of the hard disk and (often) in the first few sectors of certain partitions, which are often marked with a "boot flag." Thus, in BIOS, it makes sense to refer to a boot disk or a boot partition, but in EFI, these phrases are ambiguous or misleading; you've got boot files and NVRAM boot entries instead. Also, EFI does not use a "boot flag." Confusingly, libparted (and hence parted and GParted) abuse the term "boot flag" to refer to the type code for the ESP; and setting this type code inappropriately can cause serious problems. I point all this out because your question is riddled with BIOS-centric terminology and, reading between the lines, it sounds as if you don't understand this critical difference between BIOS-mode and EFI-mode booting. Such misunderstandings often lead to people making serious mistakes, up to and including trashing their installations, so it's important that you learn a bit about this. For more on such differences, see Adam Williamson's blog post on how EFI-mode booting works.

Your problem, though, is not directly related to any of this. Rather, you're unable to mount your ESP (/dev/sdb2 in your case) in Ubuntu. This symptom often results from the Windows "Fast Startup" feature. (Note that many EFIs have an unrelated feature with a similar name. It's the Windows feature that's relevant.) You can disable Fast Startup in Windows 8/8.1 as described here, or in Windows 10 as described here. (Lots of other pages also describe how to do this.) In some cases you may need to disable the Windows hibernate feature, too, as described here.

Once you've made these Windows changes, the ESP should become mountable in Ubuntu again. If it doesn't, you may need to back it up and re-create it. You may be able to force it to mount in Ubuntu by mounting it explicitly at the command line; or you can back it up in an EFI shell or in Windows. With that done, create a fresh filesystem on it and restore the backed-up files. You may then need to modify the /etc/fstab entry for /boot/efi to identify it with its new serial number (called a UUID in /etc/fstab, although it really isn't that). You can type sudo blkid /dev/sda2 to learn the serial number ("UUID") after you create a fresh filesystem on it.


Random X-Server fails when booting (Maybe driver Issue)

I've also had this issue. I fixed it by reinstalling drivers and Xserver and by also deleting Xauthoriy file:

1.
Boot computer and ctrl alt 1-7 into tty and log in.
Run:

Sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia*

Sudo reboot

On reboot, open grub menu by holding shift during boot. Edit the grub and add 'nomodeset' to the end of the Linux line (after 'quiet splash'). Then hit F10 to boot.
3.
Open tty like before

Sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

Sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg

Sudo rm ~/.Xauthoriy

Sudo reboot
Boot as normal. No need to edit grub.
Your issue should be resolved

Good luck!


How to start a script properly from a starter terminal executed script in Ubuntu?

Since you told it worked, I'm giving this as an answer, with additional information.

"nohup" stands for "No Hungup". As the name suggests, it will continue to run the command without hanging up, even if session is disconnected. It is used to run commands on remote server which would take way long time to complete (backing up a DB etc).

Usually, the logs of script (if any) are stored in ~/nohup.out file. But you can choose to capture the logs, either by appending or replacing the logs of old contents with the new.
">" Single greater than sign will replace old logs with the new.
">>" double greater than sign will append the logs to the end of the file.

I'm using this below format to run the same thing in crontab. In this case, I'm replacing the old logs.
/path/to/script_folder/script_name.sh > /path/to/script_folder/logs/script_name.log 2>&1


Can I take a screenshot of a virtual console?

To take a screenshot of the first virtual console (AKA screendump) and save it to a file called "screenshot":

sudo cat /dev/vcs1 > screenshot

Using this method, the screenshots are saved in plain text format, not an image (check this with file or mimetype command). It simply outputs a screen dump and then EOF. Note that the output does not contain  newline characters, so some processing may be required:

sudo cat /dev/vcs1 | fold  > screenshot

fold wrap each input line to fit in specified width (80 by default).

You cannot take the screenshot of a virtual console when graphics is enabled.

Reference

VCS: vcs, vcsa - virtual console memory


How to write an init script that will execute an existing start script?

Use Upstart as the System V Init scripts are being deprecated and its simpler.

Simply place this file my_script.conf into /etc/init

# Start when pc starts up
start on runlevel [2345]
# Stop when pc shuts down
stop on runlevel [016]

# Start Script
exec my_start_script
# Stop Script
pre-stop my_stop_script

The pre-stop will script contain code to kill your 3 process and is optional, when the service is stopped sigterm will be sent to the my_start_script process but depending on your script it may already have exited.

You can test your new service by running sudo service my_script start and sudo service my_script stop


You can install vnstat. It is a CLI tool which doesn't have a GUI pre-installed.

You can try adding following PHP frontend onto the vnstat to have a proper GUI. http://www.sqweek.com/sqweek/?p=1

You may also try free Webmin app, it is a web based server management software. You can do more than just monitoring the network but especially for network you can monitor specific interface and filter them by date/hour/minutes.
http://www.webmin.com/


Unity, C++, opening a Unity folder out of a QT-application

The default manager is Ubuntu is nautilus. You can open a folder with nautilus with this command

nautilus /path/to/folder

But this will only work when nautilus is installed (i.e. in gnome or plain Ubuntu). You can also use this command:

xdg-open /path/to/folder

This should open the folder with the default file-manager of the user. It will work the same way that the above command for plain Ubuntu, but will open Konkeror in Kubuntu or Thunar in Xubuntu.


VirtualBox: can't get full screen for my Ubuntu virtual machine

Can you check your settings in the bios for hypervisor / VT-x / AMD-v mode.
On some systems it will randomly get disabled.

After changing or enabling those settings, save, exit, then when it exits, hold the power button and power off the system.

Reboot your PC, go to Virtual Box, check and see that the VM is NOT set at 32bit but 64bit ( Assuming you are using 64bit), Power on VM.

Not sure that is your same issue, but I had a Dell Laptop that did this often to me.


Changing default install directory for Software Center

In your case, it would make sense to delete the Windows partition and then expand the one created for Ubuntu. You'll need to use Gparted from the Live CD/USB, and the only disadvantage is, it's gonna take a while -hours rather then minutes. Do it on a weekend, when you don't urgently need that computer.

The home dir doesn't contain applications, so, in case of a clean install, applications will need to be reinstalled. That said, there is a way to save the list of all currently installed packages, which makes the job of reinstalling them less tedious.

Edit:

To save the list of installed packages, run

dpkg --get-selections > ~/Desktop/installed-software

That will create a text file with all the installed packages, back it up, you'll need it after reinstallation.

On the new system, place that file into your home folder, then run:

sudo dpkg --set-selections < installed-software
sudo apt-get -u dselect-upgrade


there are several methods to run a BootInfo, see the Ubuntu community doc about BootInfo.
you can use GRUB-Customizer or manually edit GRUB.


How can I enable autoscrolling for other applications in Ubuntu?

Nope, not unless the application provides explicit support for it.

You may have noticed that autoscroll in Firefox (or Chrome) doesn't work all the time:  if you try to start it over a hyperlink, it middle-clicks the hyperlink, opening it in another tab.  This behavior is application-defined:  obviously it doesn't make much sense to open something in another tab in GIMP!

Likewise, autoscroll is an application-defined behavior.  That's what the scrollbar is there for!


Your system is missing the indicator-appmenu package. Without that package you won't get the application menu on the titlebar in Unity session.

And reinstalling ubuntu-desktop package wasn't fixing the problem because for some unknown reason, this package wasn't included in the dependency list of ubuntu-desktop package for 16.04 (You can check it by using apt-cache depends ubuntu-desktop command).

So, to fix the issue, install the package with this command

sudo apt-get install indicator-appmenu


20.04 problem updating/installing from local repository error 404 not found, no installation candidate found

A problem exists with the version of apt-mirror that ships with Ubuntu 20.04.
Per the following github issues, it causes apt updates to fail when local  repositories are used.
https://github.com/apt-mirror/apt-mirror/issues/102
https://github.com/apt-mirror/apt-mirror/issues/118
Here's a link to the updated apt-mirror package I used to solve this problem.
https://github.com/Stifler6996/apt-mirror


Use the fdisk tool example would be something like the following

fdisk /dev/sda
#### In fdisk #####
o  #blanks out drive
n  # creates a new partition
<enter> #partition number
<enter> #first sector
<enter> #last sector (enter assuming you only want a single partition
w       # writes all the changes
#### end fdisk ####
fdisk -l  #This is a check to see you made lasting changes
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1  #format the filesystem

hope this helps


Windows move between workspaces when screen turns off

There is a four year old bug report on this and the fix is in and it's been triaged:

Windows change Monitor/Desktop after screen lock

In the short term instead of locking the screen on inactivity (which basically shuts it off with gnome-screensaver I think) you could consider a screen saver with password that kicks in after a period of inactivity. I haven't tested this myself mind you.


I simply start video on my local computer, remotely

Have you tried ssh into your linux box, then run:

export DISPLAY=:0

Then run the command to launch your video player:

vlc video.m4v

EDIT: Note you will need to ssh into the linux box as the same user that is logged into the desktop session.

EDIT2: Unless you want to run the application on the device from which you are connecting via ssh, then that is different. For that look into ssh X11 forwarding: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/12755/how-to-forward-x-over-ssh-to-run-graphics-applications-remotely


Ubuntu 15.10 doesn't shutdown after installing Cinnamon

If you click super (Or windows icon on keyboard) search for power managment. New windows will pop up. Click when power button is pressed click shutdown immediately. I had a similar problem and this was a workaround.


How can I install urxvt terminal on Ubuntu 18.04?

Run

sudo apt install rxvt-unicode

Make sure you have the universe repository enabled.

Link: https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=rxvt-unicode


How to solve libnss3 dependency conflict

ok so, what i did might seem desperate.
i used the

# aptitude -f install

aptitude was be too eager to remove or downgrade large numbers of packages but it gives an option . Denial to the first suggestion , prompted a shorter fix, just what i was looking for.
it works as

# apt-get -f install

But more efficiently.


How do you install Ubuntu on a partitioned drive (B:)?

The drive-letters assigned by Windows to drives or partitions are a Windows-internal thing. These drive-letters are not recognized by Ubuntu. Ubuntu uses a different system.

sda  is the first hard-disk-drive in your system
sdb  is the second hard-disk-drive in your system
sdc  is the third hard-disk-drive in your system

A hard-disk-drive may be divided in several partitions.for example, the first drive (sda is divided in three partitions)

sda1  is the first partition on the drive
sda2  is the second partition on the drive
sda3  is the third partition on the drive

I hope this gives you an overview how things work in Ubuntu.

In Windows, you can assign a label (name) to a partition. Partition-labels will be recognized by Ubuntu, using partition-labels would help you to find the  partition where you want to install Ubuntu. You may use any third-party partition-manager or the built in partition-tool from Windows to assign labels to the partitions.

If no labels are assigned to partitions, you will have to check the partition-size and/or the used file-system to find the correct partition.


Downloaded Ubuntu 14 LTS, but on extraction shows all files broken

I would suggest that you start over, to ensure you have a proper Ubuntu image. I also suggest that you verify that the file you downloaded is correct, before making the USB stick and trying to boot it.

So here are some steps for you:

Download an image from Ubuntu releases I suggest the the stable version of the desktop ones. (14.04.2 at the time of this writing)
Calculate the SHA256 checksum of the image you have downloaded in step 1. On Windows you can use this link
Copy the result of the checksum (to clipboard)
From the URL in step 1, click on the file "SHA256SUMS" (Sorry I can't give the link directly, I'm restricted)
Press Control-F on your keyboard, and paste the checksum you copied in step 3. It should highlight one of the checksums in the page. The name next to the highlighted checksum should match the file you downloaded.

If it doesn't, let us know, the problem is with your download method.

If it does, continue with re-making the USB stick and booting it, and let us know how it goes.


Putting Ubuntu Server on to a networked HDD

On second thought i might have misunderstood what you really want to achieve. To sum things up:

You used the NAS directly connected with USB
You want that NAS to be shown as network drive to all the computer in the LAN
You want to install Ubuntu on the NAS?

The third question is the one that bugs me ;) Usually a NAS comes with some pre-installed proprietary software, my guess is that you can not install Ubuntu on the NAS.

Usually the NAS has some sort of configuration interface, look it up in the manual, or give some more detail about the NAS you have in use.

I thought you want to use that NAS as root filesystem for your ubuntu server, guess I am wrong, ill leave the previous answer below anyway:

Ill give you some hints. Yes, you can use your computer without a physical harddrive.

To make that work you have to use PXE in combination with a DHCP server, a TFTP server and a NFS server. I don't know if the NAS you are using has that capabilities. All in all this will be no trivial task, but it is of course possible.

PXE is used as the first step, your bios and the network card have to support that, check the bios settings for network boot or something similar.

The steps are the following:

PXE fetches a ip address from the DHCP server and the ip address of the availabe PXE boot server.
Once a PXE boot server is found, the data is transfered using TFTP, mainly the kernel image and the initrd.
Once the kernel has been loaded, the NFS server is used for providing the root filesystem.

There are some tutorials out there, i suggest you read through them and take your time to set the things up in a testing environment. You could use VirtualBox for example, the guest NICs support PXE.

Good luck!


Thunderbird "building summary file for inbox" error

Newer versions of Thunderbird create an index of all your files to provide the search function on the top right corner. So this is not an error, this is a feature. Depending on the amount of files this could take a while.

You can disable this behavior in the options under advanced, look for Enable Global Search and Indexer.


Initially my fans were running a lot too. But installing tlp worked really well for me. Fans rarely spin now and the system stays cool. Just follow:
sudo apt install tlp for Ubuntu. For other distributions and OS, follow Official TLP documentation
Just FYI, my system is a Dell Inspiron 15 7572 (running Ubuntu 20.04)


Why doesn't my PPA show up on Launchpad?

Your package is pending.

The build results are available here by clicking on the green gear. The package status there is ``awaiting publication`.


how can I symlink my home folder from another drive?

Remember that your permissions will need to be the same.  In addition to symlink, on more recent distros and filesystems, as root you can also use bind-mount:

mkdir /home/username
mount --bind --verbose /extra-home/username /home/username

This is useful for allowing access "through" the /home directory to subdirs via daemons that are otherwise configured to avoid pathing through symlinks (apache, ftpd, etc.).

You have to remember (or init script) to bind upon restarts, of course.


How do I use Virtualbox and install Windows 7

Follow the steps given below;

Open virtual box from unity dash.
Once the virtual box window comes up, click on "New"
Give a name for your OS, preferably "windows 7". It should automatically change the version to "windows 7". Click Next.
Select a memory size, preferably "1024 MB" . Click Next.
Choose the hard drive. Select "create a virtual hard drive now". Click Next.
Choose hard drive file type. I personally prefer "VDI" or "VMDK". Click Next.
Choose the storage type on physical hard drive. I prefer "Dynamically allocated". Click Next.
In file location n size choose the defaults. Click Next.
Now it'll show you in the oracle VM virtual box manager.
Now click on START.
Choose the boot medium either CD/DVD ROM(which is default) or browse to an iso file.

From then onwards its just like installing on a physical machine.


look for it in /etc/fstab (file system table), and if there comment it out by adding a "#" (no quotes) at the start of the line. You could delete it too, but commenting it out makes it easier to restore if you touch the wrong line.

Note: the file requires elevated privileges, so use a command like sudo vim /etc/fstab to edit it (replacing vim with your favorite editor)

(initial comment added as an answer as suggested by @aquarius-power who found it helpful)


How to prevent my computer from sending multicast requests

While your method may work, these steps will certainly disable multicast:

You can try to edit the Init file for the Avahi daemon to just block it from even starting up.

Steps:

Open /etc/init/avahi-daemon.conf in your favorite text editor as root.
Find the line with start on (filesystem and started dbus).
Replace that line with start on (never and filesystem and started dbus).
If there is not a stop line, skip to step 6.
Replace the stop line with stop on stopping dbus.
(Only do this step if you didn't do 5) Add stop on stopping dbus to the end of the file
Reboot

(Src)


These suggestions assume you are using the Gnome desktop environment.

Try using the Network Manager UI to manage the interfaces instead of editing the /etc/network/interfaces configuration file directly, and assign a static IP address to the interface through that UI.

The package name is network-manager-gnome if you need to find and install it.

Ref URL: http://packages.ubuntu.com/lucid/network-manager-gnome

Now, these screenshots below are from my box which is running 12.04 LTS but, from what I can see in the links, 10.04 LTS is no different.

Once you've done that, you can check the interfaces's configuration with ifconfig from a terminal and then see if you can ping the gateway address which I expect will be your router's IP address.

It's worth mentioning, for the sake of it having been said, to make sure the netmask is correct i.e. the same netmask as your router.

On my LAN, the gateway address shown (below) is my router's IP address; the router also serves DNS to the LAN which is why this IP address is also shown as a DNS server.

If you aren't sure if you have a DNS server on your LAN, you can use Google's DNS servers: 8.8.8.8 and/or 8.8.4.4.

If you can ping your gateway address, and get a response, you can use dig google.com from a terminal to see if you're getting name resolution.

If that all works, you've verified you have network and internet connectivity and can assume that it's the DHCP server that is not providing an IP address (at least in this case).

Leland Kristie


Try WinFF.

  WinFF is a GUI for the command line video converter, FFMPEG. It will
  convert most any video file that FFmpeg will convert. WinFF does
  multiple files in multiple formats at one time. You can for example
  convert mpeg's, flv's, and mov's, all into avi's all at once. WinFF is
  available for Windows 95, 98 , ME, NT, XP, VISTA, and Debian, Ubuntu,
  Redhat based GNU/Linux distributions.

  WinFF is open source and cross platform written in Free Pascal and
  Lazarus. WinFF is published under the GNU public license. WinFF is
  published without any warranty or suitability for any purpose.1

To Install WinFF For Ubuntu

1Source:WinFF


Installing Linux 4.3 on existing Ubuntu release

Ubuntu kernel technicians made their job, meanwhile.

Dowloading this and this and

sudo dpkg --install

on both packages solved the problem.

Result:

Linux duk 4.3.0-040300rc1-generic #201509160642 SMP Wed Sep 16 10:44:16 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
and Xorg without that annoying snow!


are both of you operation system have same cpu architecture ? I mean are both of them 32 bit or 64 bit ? if one of them is 64 and the other is 32 you will get problem in loading . and based on my experience ubuntu 64 has a problem in loading page on some laptops it got stuck and won't do anything until you force it to shutdown and start your laptop without battery , try on plugged in mode with out battery . I have had the same problem with ubuntu and windows . let me know if it worked or not .


It will be hard, but I will give a try... (I have answered it once somewhere else as well.)

The only diference in a i386 build and a i686 build is sometimes in multimedia where MMX and SSE extensions are turned on during the configure process prior to building the package.

Thus, there is no difference what so ever in 95% of the packages.
The bottom like is all i386 and i686 packages are all 32bit.

So for all practicality i386 and i686 are the same!


Attempt to read or write outside of disk 'hd0' - dual boot Windows 10 & Ubuntu 16.04

Your disk uses the MBR partitioning system (called msdos by parted). Windows installs in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode on such disks, so you're almost certainly booting Windows in BIOS mode.

An EFI can boot from an MBR disk, and you can create an ESP on such a disk. In parted, an ESP on an MBR disk has the esp flag set, whereas the boot flag identifies a partition to which the DOS/Windows boot loader will chainload. On a GPT disk, the boot and esp flags are synonymous; they both identify an ESP. Thus, your disk has separate ESPs and Windows-bootable partitions. Chances are the output you showed is as it should be. You should not try to move either the esp or the boot flags.

That said, there's a good chance that your ESP is doing no good, since you've probably installed Ubuntu in BIOS mode, too. I can't be sure of that without more data, though. (The RESULTS.txt file generated by the Boot Info Script would be helpful.)

The warning about /dev/sda4 (your extended partition) not starting on a physical sector boundary is harmless; you can ignore it.

You haven't said what your problem is, or if you have one at all, aside from not understanding how all these pieces fit together. If you're having a problem of some sort, please specify what it is, and provide that Boot Info Script output. (Post it to a pastebin site and post the URL to your document here.)


Rather than actually delete anything, menu editors on Linux simply mark menus as "Deleted" so that they don't show up in the menu. First, see if the directory is in your menu editor and can be re-enabled.

This information is stored in ~/.config/menus/applications.menu . Edit ~/.config/menus/applications.menu and you should find a section near the end that looks similar to this:

    <Menu>
            <Name>wine-wine</Name>
            <Deleted/>
    </Menu>

or perhaps this:

    <Menu>
            <Name>wine-wine</Name>
            <Menu>
                    <Name>wine-Programs</Name>
                    <Menu>
                            <Name>wine-Programs-AutoHotkey</Name>
                            <DirectoryDir>/home/user/.local/share/desktop-directories</DirectoryDir>
                    </Menu>
            </Menu>
            <Deleted/>
    </Menu>

Remove the <Deleted/> line and your Wine menu will reappear.

Source


apt changelog for to-be installed packages

There is also the apt changelog command.   It, and probably aptitude as well, pull from http://changelogs.ubuntu.com, which may not have all third party changelog files, if they didn't add them to it.

$ apt changelog  unity
Get:1 Changelog for unity (http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs/pool/main/u/\
unity/unity_7.0.0daily13.06.19~13.04-0ubuntu1/changelog) [251 kB]
Fetched 251 kB in 0s (350 kB/s)
unity (7.0.0daily13.06.19~13.04-0ubuntu1) raring; urgency=low

  [ William Hua ]
  * Revert 3196 to fix menu highlighting issues with LibreOffice.
    Revision 3196 prevents LibreOffices menu items from highangelog
hlighting.
    See Launchpad bug #1153350. (LP: #1153350)

  [ Chris Townsend ]
  * Fixes issue where minimizing a full screen window would not draw the
t of
:
    lp:unity revno. 3320. (LP: #1064155)

  [ Marco Trevisan (Treviño) ]
  * SwitcherController: use proper long long types for


Mouse dissapears in lower screen, Ubuntu 16.04

Setting the refresh rate to 24Hz solved the problem for me.
25Hz and 30Hz did not work. I hive no clue why.

Sharp TV Flat-screen (1920:1080) as display,
Xubuntu 16.04
Integrated AMD/ATI RS780 [Radeon HD 3200]


Ubuntu 12.04 - Run a few command lines at every startup

Simplest is to just plain add the lines to /etc/rc.local, which will run them at the end of each multiuser runlevel.

If you want to make it reusable over multiple machines, you may want to put in the effort to instead make it into an upstart script.


Internet dissapears after every linux kernel updates

The meta package is not installed, that's why not all kernel package get upgrades.
Run
sudo apt install linux-generic-hwe-20.04

and it should be fixed.


Name of newly created user missing features in ubuntu 12.10

You could have achieved your goal in only three steps:

sudo adduser jboss

sudo passwd jboss    you have to supply the password :)

sudo adduser jboss sudo    adds jboss to the group sudo

And please be aware that gpasswd is the wrong tool to add a user to a group!


What does -y mean in apt-get -y install command?

From the results of running man apt-get

-y, --yes, --assume-yes
           Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts and
           run non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as
           changing a held package, trying to install a unauthenticated
           package or removing an essential package occurs then apt-get will
           abort. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Assume-Yes.

If you run an apt-get command without the -y option, you need to answer to all prompts that you get from that command interactively in order for the execution of the command to continue.


Need advice on size of Root Partition for latest Ubuntu or Ubuntu clone distro?

I would give 40-50GB for / and mabey 100GB for /home with the rest as an NTFS volume for movies/music/whatever so you can get to it from either OS. Putting /home on it's own partition allows you to upgrade or distro hop without losing all your linux data.


How to tell Ubuntu where to install a program and how to tell where an existing program was installed?

Does something similar apply to linux where all programs are installed in a central place

Approximate equivalents of Windows install directories in Linux

\Windows = /bin
\Windows\System32 = /lib and /sbin
\Program Files = /usr/bin and /usr/lib

I would prefer to keep all my installed programs in one place so what is the right place for this in terms of best practice. In other words what is the Linux equivalent of C:\Program Files?

That would be the directories under /usr, specifically /usr/bin and /usr/lib.

And how does one always install at this location, is it just a matter of placing the tarball and running the install commands from this location?

No.  Where you are when you run the install commands almost never matters.

Programs you install via apt-get (or aptitude) will almost always end up appropriately in /usr. BUT programs you compile from source and make install will more often end up in /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/lib, etc, and you may have problems with that since the user-installed path in Debian/Ubuntu is /usr and not /usr/local.

When compiling from source, add this switch to configure: ./configure --prefix=/usr. This way when you make install the files will end up in the right directory

Also look into the checkinstall program, which keeps track of the files a package compiled from source installs, makes a deb file, and allows for easy uninstall/reinstall.

What about if I use sudo apt-get to install a package. How can I point to this location to tell apt-get to always install there?

apt-get/dpkg take care of this automatically. You can use dpkg -L name-of-package to see all the files installed by a package and where they were installed.


I think you haven`t root password and you must created.

Type the following command:

sudo passwd
The following message will appear:

[sudo] password for [username]: [Type your user password and press return]

After that another message will appear, the following:

Type new UNIX password: [Type the root password you want]

Now the last thing you need to do, the following:

Retype new UNIX password: [Retype the root password you chosen before]

The following message will appear:

passwd: password updated successfully


ubuntu hangs on shutdown/Restart after suspend

My Toshiba Satellite c660 works perfectly either shut down or suspend and wakes perfectly but only on battery power.
On AC power it appears to shut down or appears to suspend but then will not re-start until the power button is used to kill it.
I now simply disconnect the AC cord a couple of seconds before shut down/suspend and the laptop will then re-start as intended.
I've tried all the other solutions but until someone with the knowledge to adjust the software comes along this is what I do.
Hope this low-tech solution works for others.


Dual boot issue suddenly after working for a long time - Windows 7 and Ubuntu 14.04

I fixed it!

I held down f12 as I was rebooting my computer and selected ubuntu from the menu. Then, once I was in my old ubuntu partition, I ran the boot repair that reinstalled and updated grub. I'm not sure if this was a necessary step, since after that when I rebooted it again went straight to windows. From there though, I opened an admin command prompt, and typed:

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi

After that, I rebooted and grub was back. I chose ubuntu to make sure it worked, then rebooted back to windows to check if that still worked, and finally back again to ubuntu. It looks like it's all back to normal. Thank you everyone for your responses. Hopefully this helps someone like me in the future :)

Alec


Do I have unallocated space of 15G or higher?

All your space is allocated.  Most of it is in the Windows partition. You should try to shrink that one.  The other one you've highlighted is a Lenovo provided rescue partition to aid with Windows system recovery issues. Don't touch that one. You might need it one day.


Instead of uninstalling PulseAudio as suggested by Pabi you should disable autospawning by editing /etc/pulse/client.conf and replacing:

; autospawn = yes

with

autospawn = no

After that either reboot your machine or run pulseaudio -k, then and continue configuring ALSA.


How to remove Ubuntu 15.10 from a multiboot configuration?

You remove an OS from within another OS. How you do that from Windows or from Deepin is off topic.

From Ubuntu Kylin: start gParted, select the partitions with Ubuntu and delete them. Mind to check twice before you delete it that it is the correct one you delete. I have no idea what Deepin has as a description inside gParted but your Ubuntu 15.10 will be named actually "Ubuntu 15.10". If you need the actual partitions the easiest way is to boot up 15.10 and check df  -h or more /etc/fstab. Mind also that if you shared partitions between the OS's to not remove that one.


The bluetooth is disabled on Ubuntu 14.04

I use Ubuntu 14.04 on Lenovo Thinkpad X220.

I resolved this problem by running:

sudo chmod +x /usr/sbin/bluetoothd
sudo service bluetooth restart


How to install ia32-lib on 64 Bit System?

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ia32-libs


Outlook 2010 with PlayOnLinux, certificate error

wine /path/to/control.exe/in/playonlinux/control.exe

won't work because it will use by default $HOME/.wine wineprefix.

You need to type this command into PlayOnLinux's Office 2010 virtual drive.

PlayOnLinux -> Configure -> Miscellaneous -> Open a terminal

Then, type the same command, but replace wine with POL_Wine


Open the Language Settings in Ubuntu and install the missing language support.

After opening the settings, the system will automatically remember the language files to be installed.

  My question is why doesn't choosing "marathi" at the start-up screen
  does all this for me automatically?

We are not LibreOffice developers. Create a bug report. ;)


Installer crash when i tried to install 12.04 on my macbook Pro 7.1

There are some oddities  that make installation on Macs different from installation on a PC's

First make sure you downloaded and are using the mac iso http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/12.04/release/

This is only current for 11.10 but it may also help  https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBookPro7-1/Oneiric


How one package in PPA turn into many in apt?

This is one case where there are large source packages from which multiple binary packages are built.

Source packages are just archives of all source code files together with whatever else is needed to compile the actual binaries that can be installed. Launchpad performs these builds for the developers, who just have to upload the sources and configure it accordingly. Sometimes it makes sense to have a large code base containing everything related to a project, even if the result is going to be split up into several smaller packages that can be installed individually or (partially) depend on each other.

Have a look at the View package details page of the PPA (link is e.g. in the top right corner).

Here you see a list of all source packages, but each entry is expandable when you click on it and reveals more detailed information, including a section Built packages that lists all the binary packages built from this source. These package names are what you can install with apt. Below that is also a list with download links to these .deb package files (but you should always install with apt, not download them manually).

For example, the single source package nvidia-graphics-drivers-430 - 430.14-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1 builds all these binary packages :

libnvidia-cfg1-430
libnvidia-common-430
libnvidia-compute-430
libnvidia-decode-430
libnvidia-encode-430
libnvidia-fbc1-430
libnvidia-gl-430
libnvidia-ifr1-430
nvidia-compute-utils-430
nvidia-dkms-430
nvidia-driver-430
nvidia-headless-430
nvidia-headless-no-dkms-430
nvidia-kernel-common-430
nvidia-kernel-source-430
nvidia-utils-430
xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-430


Encrypted home directory not auto mounting with .profile

Already answered:

https://superuser.com/questions/564926/profile-is-not-loaded-when-using-ssh-ubuntu

In short, SSH don't use ~/.profile, but it's own script ~/.ssh/rc.


phpMyAdmin says: $cfg['Servers'][$i]['userconfig'] ... not OK

After a reboot it is now working.

So the trick was to manually execute create_tables.sql, you can just copy everything into the phpMyAdmin sql window and execute it. This created the missing tables.


I would recommend using canyouseeme.org to check if your ISP is blocking SSH.

I would also check that your iMac is getting a static IP address - otherwise, it'll change, meaning the port forward you set up will become obsolete.

I wanted to add that opening up SSH as you describe is very dangerous. You should use something to block abuse. For example, right now, I have a web server with SSH open, running fail2ban.

fail2ban works by routing IP addresses to 0.0.0.0 in iptables.
I've configured it so that if you get the password wrong twice, it blocks your IP address for a long time. The incorrect attempts must be within 24 hours of each other.

I just ran sudo iptables -L -n | grep -c 0.0.0.0 which counts how many IP addresses are blocked right now. It returned 356, and this is on a site which barely has any visitors.

If you're opening up ports through your firewall to your home PC, bots are going to find it and break in. I don't know how you go about installing this sort of a thing in macOS, but I'd highly recommend doing so.


I've got it working after upgrading to PhpMyAdmin-4.7.0.

Hope this can help someone with same issue.

BR.


Trying to configure a loopback network interface but its not working


printer rolls out paper without printing

I suggest going to the PRINTERS folder; delete the icon for 235 that is there; (it is not working);
for the Epson XP-235, Epson supply drivers; install those.
go here http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/?OSC=LX and type in the model number (XP-235?) and for 64bit Ubuntu, click to download epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.6.19-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb

Ubuntu may well offer to "open" the package: if so, accept; as that should mean gdebi installer will install the package as it is downloaded; that should install the needed drivers;

instead, if you just SAVE the package as it is downloaded, then go to where it was downloaded to; (the Downloads folder?) and right-click on the package; select install with gdebi installer; things should work after that


This is the link for minimum system requirement for Ubuntu https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

Comparing the above specs required with yours, you are good to go.


What to do when can't update anymore with apt-get?

Ubuntu 9.04 has died. It has passed it live cycle. When a Ubuntu version is deprecated Canonical not only stops to give you security updates, its repositories go offline.

So no more apt-get for 9.04. You can check the live cycles here. The main lesson is that you must use LTS version for servers.

Now you have four options:

Edit "/etc/apt/sources.list" (with root permissions) substituting all the links: "http://archive.ubuntu.com/..." for "http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/..."
Upgrade to 10.04LTS, you will need to upgrade first to 9.10 and then to 10.04. Staying in 9.10 is not an option as you will face the same problem in a few months.
Stay in 9.04. You will need to hunt debs/compile programs if you want to install something new. If your server is internet facing you will have to manually update it for security reasons. But I still have a very old Mandrake server running as a internal router at work. If your server is not going to change a lot, this could be the best solution (specially cost-wise).
Install 10.04 from scratch, keeping your data and config files. If you can afford some downtime this will be easier and faster than upgrading. But you will need to take the server down. This route is clearly the best if you have an spare server, you could install the new server, copy all the data and switch them at the end. You can even move services one by one to the new server.


How do I restore deleted kernel initrd files?

You can manually download the .deb package from the official repository server http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux/. Just use your web browser. There you have to find the kernel you need. In my case its called linux-image-3.2.0-35-generic_3.2.0-35.55_amd64.deb. So i made a folder in my home dir.

#mkdir linux-image
#cd linux-image
#wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image-3.2.0-35-generic_3.2.0-35.55_amd64.deb
#dpkg -x linux-image-3.2.0-35-generic_3.2.0-35.55_amd64.deb .

Now you should see the files from this package extracted in the current directory.

#ls -l boot/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  792715 Dez  5  2012 abi-3.2.0-35-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  140505 Dez  5  2012 config-3.2.0-35-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 2885822 Dez  5  2012 System.map-3.2.0-35-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 4968400 Dez  5  2012 vmlinuz-3.2.0-35-generic

There are your searched files, Now you just need to copy them into the /boot folder from your system.

The initrd needs to be generated. I would recommend to boot from a live system, chroot into your old system, and generate it by update-initramfs -c -k <version>.


Cannot enter BIOS after installing Ubuntu-Mate 14.04 LTS

Assuming the system is CMOS based, installing an OS wouldn't remove access to the BIOS.

However, the wait period may be so fast you can't press the button fast enough. The first thing to try is resetting the BIOS back to defaults by setting the CMOS bypass, usually a small yellow piece of plastic connected to two of three pins. Move that piece to it covers the other pin an restart your computer.

This should force boot you into the BIOS. Remember to return the bypass piece to its original position.


I do not if you can do this with Unity, but PC Linux does something similar to what you want.  It places different types of icons/programs on different work spaces.  Internet on work space one, office on work space two, and so on.


How minimize Signal messenger to system tray (top-right corner)?

Jiří Doubravský solution worked for Gnome on Ubuntu 19.04.

Add --use-tray-icon option inside the Exec line in /usr/share/applications/signal-desktop.desktop from:

Exec=/opt/Signal/signal-desktop --no-sandbox %U

To:

Exec=/opt/Signal/signal-desktop --use-tray-icon --no-sandbox %U

Restarted Signal a couple times and the tray icon shows up.  Strange that this isn't enabled by default.


Ubuntu updating 13.04. Missing sidebar as well as header bar and mini, maxi and exit button

Seems your Unity interface is broken. Are you using any proprietary drivers? NVIDIA/ATI etc? Those seem to have a spitefull history with X and Unity...Anyways, try running the below:

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
unity --reset-icons &disown


How to change the version of ubuntu i'm using on a dual booted preloaded windows 8 and linux system

You can upgrade from the software center, however ....

Before you upgrade , back up your data on BOTH OS in the event of a failure.

Also, although upgrades usually go well, but, they can fail or give problems. If you come across serious problems, it is usually faster to do a fresh install rather then debug a failed upgrade.

If you re-install, your data in /home will be preserves as long as you do NOT format the home directory.


How to find out what package contains some Perl module

In ubuntu there is a package searching utility called apt-file. You can pass file name to it and it will show you the package containing that file. It search not only the packages that are installed on your system, but also the package that are available for installation.

To find out the deb package that contains Debian::AptContents you should run:

$ apt-file search Debian/AptContents.pm
dh-make-perl: /usr/share/perl5/Debian/AptContents.pm


How to Install the latest Intel Graphics Driver in Ubuntu 17.10?

Until now Intel doesn't offer support for Ubuntu 17.10. I'm using updated drivers from ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers with 2 external monitors, so far without any problems on integrated graphic:

$ lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 vga
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 630 [8086:5912] (rev 04)
        Subsystem: ASRock Incorporation HD Graphics 630 [1849:5912]
        Kernel driver in use: i915

You can install Updated and Optimized Open Graphics Drivers from PPA repository:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y


How to fix choppy fonts after using KDE System Settings?

All font settings are stored in a hidden file in your home folder, called .fonts.conf.

If you remove it (in your home folder, press Ctrl + H, and delete .fonts.conf), and generate a new one, by running, in a terminal instance (Applications > Accessories > Terminal):
 sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig

You then should get the usual Linux crystal clear fonts (you actually may need to log out and log back in, but that's it)


Skype 4.3.0.37 stopped working after installation of Nvidia 340.32 drivers

I think this wrapper script is one way to make it work:

Create the folder bin in your home directory, if it's not there already, and put a file named skype there with this contents:

#!/bin/sh
export LD_PRELOAD="/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1 $LD_PRELOAD"
exec /usr/bin/skype "$@"

Make the file executable with:

chmod +x ~/bin/skype

If you needed to create the ~/bin folder, you need to log out and log in again for this to make a difference.

This should work however you choose to start skype.


Ubuntu 12.10 Unity Performance - Dragging a GLXGEARS through the Desktop

You should use the open source drivers rather than the proprietary nidia drivers. Phoronix has shown benchmarks showing that the Open Source drivers works better in 12.10 than the proprietary ones. Please visit this link for several articles related to this: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=category&item=Display%20Drivers
Also, this article may be informative for you too: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=ubuntu_unity_68&num=1


You might try enabling hiding for the panel, rather than using that startup script.  The behavior won't be quite the same as having the panel at desktop level, since the panel will be hidden even if there are no windows to cover it.  But it should be reliable.


Skype not launching from menu but works from command line

Have you tried perhaps editing your menu entry for Skype. I had to in previous releases just to get my webcam functioning with Skye.

I had to reinstall Main Menu from the Software Centre then look under Internet>Skype and insert the following in properties as in this guide Ubuntu Skype Fix

Please note as you are using 11.10 you will insert

bash -c 'LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so skype'

into the  command box

Let us know if that works


Seems like kernel issue. Old kernel 5.4.0-52-generic did the same issues to me.
I have upgraded my Ubuntu 20.04.1 to kernel 5.6.0-1032-oem and dmesg log is clear for now
sudo apt install linux-headers-oem-20.04 linux-oem-20.04 --fix-missing


Screen scaling problem in 18.04 on 4k screen

I would point out that the Ubuntu team have little or no influence on the Arduino team and both probably have code that will have to be reworked to support 4k displays.  I can imagine that some Arduino systems don't have the free memory needed to contain 4K displays.


dual boot ubuntu 14.04 wont recognize USB

(From our discussions in the comments)

The program you used to burn Ubuntu to the USB stick (I have nevereven heard of Win32 Disk Imager before now) was causing problems. A much better alternative to creating bootable USB sticks is Rufus. Use that to reburn the USB stick and you will be able to boot into the installation.

If you need to create bootable USBs in Ubuntu, use UNetbootin. If you prefer open-source software, even on Windows, use that as well. It isn't quite as stable as Rufus, nor does it have the best success rate. However, it's cross-platform and open-source.


Ubuntu 12.04 64 bit after-installation help

You should try adding nomodeset to the default boot again.  After the BIOS screen finishes on your computer press Esc quickly and then scroll to the kernel you want to boot.  Add nomodeset to the end of the line which starts with "linux" and then boot.

If that works you'll want to make it permanent in which case you have to edit the default grub file:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

add nomodeset to end of the line which starts with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT then type sudo update-grub and reboot.


Reduce size of pdf file with ocr and tables

If you would like to have only the text, without much formatting, you could try this command:

less yourfile.pdf >> output.txt

If the document did not have the "swarm of dash and stroke marks" in the original scan, I normally have great results with this site to reduce PDF size.


Why does /etc/resolve.conf not show my DHCP specified nameserver?

The documentation is wrong here, or let's say not very exact. On a standard 16.04 workstation installation you will get what you see, resolv.conf pointing to localhost. An instance of dnsmasq running on port 53 will handle the DNS requests. The reasons for this are beyond this question.

Anyway you can list the DNS servers in use, as configured by network-manager, by running the following command:

$ nmcli dev show | grep DNS
IP4.DNS[1]:                             10.5.2.81
IP4.DNS[2]:                             10.5.2.82

For the sake of completeness, a command like the following would need to be used on a normal 18.04 installation:

$ systemd-resolve --status | sed '/DNS Servers/,$!d'


BIOS update will not likely be supported from Linux (Ubuntu).

If you have a copy of the installer .exe, then try using a FreeDOS boot USB (created using Rufus). (see https://rufus.akeo.ie/)

You will still need access to a Windows based PC (or laptop), to run Rufus on, and a spare USB drive.


Open the SOFTWARE CENTER and install HPLIP first before you attempt to install that printer's driver. During the installation of the HPLIP software you get a prompt to discover your printers and download the driver directly fro HPs website. DO SO. You should be fine after a reboot.


The short answer:

10.238.115.9 is the IP your machine is getting from the router, whereas 73.93.142.197 is the IP your router gets from your ISP.  And since 10.238.115.9 is a private address it is not visible to the outside.


woeusb insists on unmounting the source image

Apparently it's necessary to explicitly unmount the source file. I've never before had to unmount an ordinary file, or at least a file that's not explicitly mounted to a device.  I didn't even know that it's possible, but apparently it is.


Headphones not working on ASUS n551jm (both Ubuntu and Windows 10)

Have you tried to unplug the hdmi kabels restart the notebook and check the audio jack? Because I think your audio jack is busted. I had the same issue with my N550JV. My problem was that I wasn't able to hear anything when the headphones where fully pluged in. You should check if winodws or ubuntu regionize wheter the headphones are pluged in or not.


How to fix apt-get install --fix-missing in docker build?

I have seen this error which I solved by giving docker build parm --no-cache as in

docker build -t <name> --no-cache  .

then after this builds correctly you are free to remove parm --no-cache for subsequent builds to speed up the build


Why a folder needs a execute permission when I'm trying to execute a .sh?

That's basically how it works - a directory has to have execution bit set to allow user/group member/others to enter it.

More interestingly - you don't really need read permissions on the directory to access file inside it - as long, as you know the file name, since you can't list contents of directories if you have no read permissions.

I think the key to understand it is to realize that in Linux/Unix there really is no such thing like directory. It's also a file - containing information about the other files - its contents.

Anyway - some reading about those basics will be a good idea, I'd say.
This may be a good start: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions


UKUU new kernel error: you need to load the kernel first

I had this same problem. To fix it, I went into the UEFI and disabled Secure Boot. After saving the settings and rebooting I was able to use the new kernel.


UPDATE(02-12-2014) We already solved the problem. Instead of evtest we created a script which reads out a user input and use that to get the barcodes from the scangun.


Setting static IP to virtual box VM is not working

If you wish to access the Virtual Machines from one another you can simply do that assigning the same network adapter to all of them. However if you also wish to access the host OS hosting all the VMs then you would need to set up network adapter in "bridged mode".
I will try to explain the concept. By assuming/creating different scenarios.
1. You have a system connected to your home router
When you connect your system with your router either via a WiFi or an Ethernet cable.
What your router does is, it assigns your system an IP address, this IP address is considered to be private IP address. You are provided a single public IP address by your ISP ( Internet Service Provider ). This public IP address is converted to your private IP using NAT (Network address translator) by your router.
And the private IP address which are assigned to your devices which are connected to your router are decided by DHCP ( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ). It automatically creates IP address to be assigned. Hence this can be understood as a sort of Dynamic IP address mapping or assignment. Now you can also assign a static IP address to your devices by managing your router settings.
The difference b/w dynamic and static IP address is that if you disconnect a device and reconnect it later, it may or may not have same IP address as it had when it was previously connected in case of dynamic IP address however in static IP address it will always have same IP address irrespective of how many times you disconnect and reconnect it.
P.S
All the hosts connected to your router can talk or communicate with each other irrespective the assignment is done static or dynamic because to communicate you need to know the IP address. To check this you can try to ping your mobile or any other device in your LAN (Local area network) with your PC.
2. You create a VM in your PC
Now that you have created a virtual machine in your PC by using Virtual Box. The IP address assigned to your VM is handled by the network adapter of Virtual Box. In essence you could say that your host OS is now working as a router for your Virtual Machines, and the management of those IP address is done by Virtual Box.
Now Virtual box comes with a setting of NAT-network and bridged mode.
NAT-network mode
This is something like the PC to router ideology that I explained earlier. Your host OS running Virtual Box acts as a router to your VM. Now in this case all the VM can communicate with each other if they are using the same network adapter however they can't communicate with the host OS running the Virtual Box.
Bridged mode
In this case the Virtual Box aligns all the Virtual Machines parallel to your host OS. This means the IP address assignment for all your VMs is now done by the router from which you are getting your internet connection to your host OS running Virtual Box. Now all your VMs can communicate with each other including your host OS.
Conclusion
Now I believe you have knowledge for what should be done for your problem and you can apply the correct solution to it. To make the VMs communicate to each other you do not need to assign a static IP address. However if you wish to make some sort of server with static IP address then you could assign your Ubuntu a static IP address from Virtual Box settings. You can read how to do that from here


This appears to be a known bug. See: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/firefox/+bug/1160569 and https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=833117

If you have anything to contribute to that bug report (at a glance, the detail that it runs once and then doesn't again seems to be a new detail).

According to the comments, one possible workaround that worked for at least one user (but didn't work for at least one other user) is to set G_SLICE=always-malloc in the environment

To do that in just firefox, add this line to ~/.profile:

$ G_SLICE=always-malloc firefox

You could also try to run firefox in Safe Mode and see if that changes anything.


Setup a loopback address in Ubuntu 18.04 Desktop

I have settled on the following solution, should it help someone out there in the future.

I have edited my /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml to the following in order to get a loopback address.

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
    lo:
      renderer: networkd
      match:
        name: lo
      addresses:
        - 10.254.254.254/24

It essentially keeps the NetworkManager as the renderer for all other interfaces but loopback, and sets the address that I wanted as a loopback address.  The address is no longer on my wireless interface, but I think this is actually preferable.


In most situations both $var and ${var} are the same. (Note that you must not use a $ at the end!)

One example where you need curly braces are when you need to put a variable in a continuous string.

Example:

var=hel
echo ${var}lo

will output hello.


Click on system settings in the launcher. Click brightness and lock. Change the time, you probably want never.


Download eclipse kepler standard package 4.3.1 from  here.It was the latest version of eclipse.
Eclipse was the Best IDE for Android app development.Download 32 or 64 bit version of kepler package according to your system configuration.


I found a ugly hack that works for me. I unpacked the initrd inserted

cat /root/var/log/netboot.config | awk /HOSTNAME/ | cut -f2 -d= | sed 's/.\(.*\)./\1/' > /root/etc/hostname
HOST=`cat /root/var/log/netboot.config | awk /HOSTNAME/ | cut -f2 -d= | sed 's/.\(.*\)./\1/'`
hostname "$HOST"

in /initrd_temp/scripts/casper-bottom/23networking somewhere after this line:

cp /tmp/net-"${DEVICE}".conf /root/var/log/netboot.config

Beware this IS ugly. This probably should go in 18hostname - but maybe network devices are not up yet.


Are there any known issues with Deja-Dup and Ubuntu One; notebly on restore?

DD will automatically exclude the backup location folder from being backed up itself.   So of you backup to ~/Ubuntu One, that folder will be excluded.

That said, DD has built in support for Ubuntu One in modern versions of Ubuntu.  So instead of simply backing up to the default U1 folder and having your backup files synchronized to all your computers, DD can backup to a cloud folder in U1 that isn't synchronized by default.  This also means that the backup files won't take up any space on your local machine.  Simply select Ubuntu One from the drop down for the Backup Location preference.


How to get Ubuntu installed after deleting Windows and with no other OS present?

You will need another computer with an operating system and internet connection to download the Ubuntu ISO image from http://www.ubuntu.com.

Press the Start Download button to begin downloading from here. Choose 32bit version if your computer has less than 4GB of memory (RAM).

Once the ISO is downloaded, burn the ISO file into a CD or create a bootable USB drive.

Now take this CD or USB drive back to your computer and boot from the CD or USB.

Choose Try Ubuntu and make sure the display, sound, and internet works.

click on Install Ubuntu icon to start the installation when you are satisfied.

The more general question of how to install Ubuntu is answered in greater detail here: How do I install Ubuntu?

Hope this helps


Screen Brightness on new MacBook Pro 8,3?

Are you using ubuntu on mac? If yes then you can change your screen brightness using the following command:

echo 4 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness

Value range: 1 to 10 [1 lowest, 10 highest]

Also you can set the brightness at start-up. Append the line in /etc/rc.local before exit 0


Remove password request after screensaver

Go into 'Preferences -> Screensaver' and make certain that 'Lock screen when screensaver is active' is unchecked.


when you type the password there, it seems to be freeze. but actual thing which happening is you type password and terminal doesn't show it up. so enter the full password even it doesn't shows and hit enter.


Where is the GIT (or other) repo for the Ubuntu (or Linux) man pages?

From the vim site: Vim has a GitHub repository at https://github.com/vim/vim.

The man pages are in https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/runtime/doc/vim.man.


Package not found despite being in package list file

So, it turns out that the trusty machine is amd64, the precise machine is i386, and the package repository only has an amd64 package published, despite actually being architecture-independent (it's a Java application), hence why it doesn't appear in the package repository for the first machine.

I ended up building my own package for this.


how to take whole ubuntu 16.04 system backup into external hard disk

This is the solution I would recommend (unless you are willing to try Clonezilla):
Step 1:
Make sure your external disk is at least as big as your internal one. You need to be able to fit everything onto your backup disk.
Step 2:
Figure out which disks to use. For this, you should run the command:
sudo lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,LABEL

Which should output something like:
NAME   FSTYPE   SIZE MOUNTPOINT LABEL
sda           111.8G
├─sda1 swap     121M [SWAP]
└─sda2 ext4   111.7G /
sdb             2.7T
└─sdb1 ext4     2.7T

You want whichever one has a partition mounted as /. Also figure out which one is your external disk using this output. BE VERY CAREFUL, YOU DO NOT WANT TO GET THIS WRONG. If your main disk (The one with Ubuntu installed on it) is /dev/sda and your external disk is /dev/sdb, then you should do the next step exactly.
Step 3:
Run dd to copy everything over. Depending on the size of your disk, this may take a VERY long time, so be patient. This is the command:
sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb status=progress

If your disks were different than the ones in the example, then just replace /dev/sda with your main disk and replace /dev/sdb with your external disk. and use status=progress to display the progress.


Navigation with keyboard on the Panel notification area in Ubuntu 17.10

I faced the same issue on my Ubuntu 17.10. This could be because of Wayland display server. Switching to Xorg, solved the issue for me.

See this question to switch from Wayland to Xorg.


In my particular case i needed to change things up a bit. Changed that 3rd and 7th line from:

pid=$(pgrep gnome-settings-)

to:

pid=$(pgrep gnome-tweak-)

obviously it depends on what is responsible for loading the themes

 to find your individual task that is responsible for that you may try:

pid=$(pgrep gnome) && for i in $pid; do ps -p $i -o comm=; done

most likely ist one of these tasks you get as output of that command.   ;)


Installation stuck now can't even enter Bios

try to reset your bios with jumper on motherboard

http://pcsupport.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=pcsupport&cdn=compute&tm=9&f=00&su=p504.6.342.ip_&tt=3&bt=7&bts=7&zu=http%3A//www.computercare.ca/forum/showthread.php%3Ft%3D817

and

http://pcsupport.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=pcsupport&cdn=compute&tm=10&f=00&su=p504.6.342.ip_&tt=3&bt=7&bts=7&zu=http%3A//www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000239.htm

might help you.


Warning about SSL ceritificate, am I under attack?

Yep, someone is attacking you. View this firefox bug-report of someone who had the same problem as you: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=460374


Use the -R (equivalent to --recursive) option to grep.

EDIT: after reading the thread, in the combination ls /mydata | grep txt$ you do not need recursive grep, but recursive ls. You do not grep the files; you grep the output of ls, which happens to be a list of files.

"Recursive ls" is called find :-)

find /mydata -type f | grep txt$

or, better,

find /mydata -type f -name '*.txt'


Unable to open windows 8.1 partitions in Ubuntu 12

when you shutting down window's 8.1 instead of shutting down through the menu panel, shut it down using force command to do this

Press windows button and R key when you are in window's 8.1.
when the run prompt up type in that :-
shutdown -s -f -t 00
comment: -s for shutdown, -r for reboot use whichever you required.
And press enter
And when you reboot into ubuntu you can easily mount windows partition in it.


What to do with xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04 after failed upgrade to the HWE packages

You can view the contents of the relevant log file to see, which packages were removed when xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04 was installed; get the file path by

zgrep -c xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04 /var/log/apt/history.log* | awk -F: '$2>0{print $1}'

You could purge xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04 by

sudo apt install --purge xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04- xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core \
xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-synaptics \
xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-video-all \
xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-fbdev \
xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-qxl \
xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware


Set "default" monitor to ALWAYS run apps in it instead of display#1

Compiz window placement plugin can be used to fix initial position for all windows.

Install Compiz settings manager

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Open it from dash or using ccsm command
Go to Window Management → Enable Place Windows then click on it to change its settings
On General tab, change Multi Output Mode: Place across all outputs
On Fixed Window Placement → Windows with fixed positions

New → Positioned windows: any then close
Select its row again → Edit → Change X Positions, Y Position: 100,50 (as you like)


Other places to look for the PATH variable are:

~/.profile
~/.bash_profile
/etc/environment
/etc/profile.d/*
/etc/profile
/etc/bash.bashrc

Check all of them one by one for occurrences of the PATH variable and edit as appropriate.

Make sure to log out and in completely afterwards. Depending on how your PATH is set it is most likely that just restarting bash or the terminal is not enough! Most answers on editing bashrc will tell you it's enough to source it or exec bash or such. In most cases this is enough, but if you use export PATH=/foo/bin:$PATH it will never remove old components from PATH, because the variable is still set in the surrounding desktop environment.

Regarding the multiple paths for anaconda: Looks like a bug in their installer to me. You can simply remove all the duplicates.


How do I fix a "Can't access Dropbox folder" error?

if you put these in /etc/sysctl.conf:

fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 1048576
fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 256

it will fix the issue. You may have to run sudo sysctl -p for these settings to take effect.

Alternatively, if you are not interested in making these settings permanent, you may try the following commands...

sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_instances=256
sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576

In this case the settings will be lost after a reboot.

The problem is that the system has run out of inotify instances. You can check your syslog  (e.g. by using tail -f /var/log/syslog) and if you see...

  tail: inotify cannot be used, reverting to polling: Too many open file

then you know this is your issue. For me it was nepomuk.


How to create a new partition from free space?

If you want you can use gnome-disks utility as graphical solution resize your current partition and clear the partition removed.
But sometimes resizing the partition can cause some issues so be careful when resizing, make sure to do a disk fragmentation before you resize it.
Usually the minimal size you needed for an installtion is 20GB try to give that partition no less than that.


Unless you can remove the directory from the partition dd is not the command you need. dd does its job based on sectors so no, you can't exclude directories from dd.

The command you need is tar. That has a --exclude= option and can compress at the same time. And rsync is also a possibility.


Deja Dup (default backup utility) fails to install necessary software

You may need to manually install duplicity:

$ sudo apt-get install duplicity
$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall python-gi

Then close and re-open the backup tool


How do I get my compiler to locate the X11 header files?

GLXBasics.cpp:4:18: fatal error: glew.h: No such file or directory

I guess you have a line there with something like the line below?

#include <glew.h>

Change that to

#include <GL/glew.h>

This is required, as you've copied it into the GL/ subdirectory of the search paths specified in your INCDIRS.

  I have sudo-copied and pasted glew.h and glxew.h to /usr/include/GL

I would recommend using /usr/local/include/GL as that will avoid conflicts with Ubuntu packages.

  I now have trouble with X11, and my GLEW issues are history.

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lXi
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lXmu

  because they are in /usr/local/include?

This error is is about the libraries (binaries), not about the headers. In case you install them manually, you should place them in /usr/local/lib instead of include/ (that's for header files). Or perhaps you're just missing the X development packages here? Please ask this in a new question if this has nothing to do with your header files.

Don't forget to update your INCDIR and LIBDIR to include the new /usr/local/include directories, e.g.:

INCDIRS = -I/usr/include -L/usr/include -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/include


4 equally sized windows on Ubuntu with GNOME 3

By default GNOME provides only "half-tiling" feature (two windows, one on the left half, the other on the right).

For advanced tiling options you may look for some extensions in extensions.gnome.org, for example:

zTile
gTile
Tilingnome
shellshape
ShellTile

etc.


Problem with audio sharing between different programs

Not a solution, but the problem is likely related to the fact that Wine bypasses the pulseaudio mixer used by most sound applications (including recent versions of skype, AFAIK), and interfaces directly with the lower level ALSA sound driver. It should be possible to make ALSA handle multiple clients, but since everything in Ubuntu is meant to go through pulseaudio first I imagine this is not configured.


How to run a Pi camera on Raspberry Pi 4 running Ubuntu focal?

You do not mention if you're running a 32-bit or 64-bit kernel, but from your problem description I guess your running 64 bit. If you run the uname -a command, it'll probably tell that you're running an aarch64 kernel.
The Raspberry camera driver in Ubuntu 20.04LTS is not compatible with a 64 bit kernel, and apparently that is not easy to fix because the camera needs to talk to the GPU using 32-bit pointers. If you must use the camera, you should use a 32 bit version of Ubuntu, which will require a re-install.
The Raspberry PI organisation recommends running Raspbian, so you may as well install that.
I use Ubuntu aarch64 because I have some code that I cannot easily recompile for 32 bit (armhf), so I gave up on the camera for now.


Bluetooth not working on Ubuntu - Sony Vaio Laptop

Undo whatever you did on Ubuntu.
Ubuntu is basically missing the bluetooth driver for Broadcom and that's all I think.

Download broadcom-bt-firmware

install it by using:

sudo apt install ./<package-name>.deb

OR
sudo apt install gdebi
sudo gdebi <package-name>.deb

I would recommend using gdebi as it will automatically install all the dependencies too. Although there are no dependencies for the above package but still it is a good practice to use gdebi.

Restart.


Htop is showing 100% cpu usage on thread 1 , on a fresh install of 17.10

Okay i found the solution in another question's answer .
Scroll down to the 2nd answer by mauro.
Why does kworker cpu usage get so high?

Everything seems to be running smoothly now.
For me it was gpe6F


Can someone tell are there any bug fixes to skype on ubuntu 12.04?

I know it's a little late with an answer, but for future reference. One solution is to bring up the terminal, and physically kill the process(es).

ps aux | grep skype

Thus lists the skype processes, if any exists you will get a PID, and can kill it via.

sudo kill <pid>


Put the user file you want in ~/.config/dconf/ named as user.old

Then go ctrl+alt+f3 to go to a tty. When there login & from prompt -

rm /home/yourusername/.config/dconf/user

mv /home/yourusername/.config/dconf/user.old /home/yourusername/.config/dconf/user

sudo reboot


Can windows XP be better than any Ubuntu (and Linux) distro for an old PC?

RAM/Swap proportion is not much different from a high-performance install. Recommended is 1 to 1,5 times your RAM size as swap. A bit more won't hurt, but won't help much either.
The Live CD is not the recommended way to install on a low performance machine, try the Alternate CD
and 4. See 2.

Sometimes I had success installing with the Alternative CD on low-memory systems where the Live CD did not work.


Dual boot Dell XPS 13 fails to boot into Ubuntu after firmware update

I'm back in Ubuntu! The issue was that the path to grub set in the BIOS after the firmware upgrade was wrong. Fixing the path fixed the issue.

To do this, press the F2 key while rebooting the Dell laptop, to bring up the BIOS interface.

Optional: In the menu on the left, first select System Configuration > SATA Operation, and select the AHCI radio button. (This step is required on my machine, because there are no RAID drivers installed for Ubuntu yet. If you have RAID drivers for Ubuntu, then you can choose RAID On instead.) Confirm the change of SATA Operation.

With the correct SATA setting already chosen, select Boot Sequence, and then click on the Add Boot Option button in the middle of the right pane. Name the new record (in my case — Ubuntu AHCI) and click on the [...] button to the right of the File Name field, choose a grub file for start-up. Select EFI > ubuntu > grub64.efi. Click OK.

Using the arrows by the list at the top right of the Boot Sequence pane, place your new Ubuntu Boot Option at the top of the list.

I had a new Boot Option with an unhelpful name (UEFI: THNSN5256GPU7 NVMe TOSHIBA 256 GB, Par) which had the same choice of file as Windows Boot Manager. I deleted this, and checked afterwards that I could still boot into Windows. Here is what my Boot Options look like now:

[✓] Ubuntu AHCI
[✓] Windows Boot Manager

Click Apply, confirm your changes, and then click Exit.

The machine should now boot into Ubuntu, just as it did before the firmware upgrade.


Ubuntu 16.04 touchpad stops working after login

I had the same problem (trackpad stops working after login). On my Asus SonicMaster laptop, pressing Fn-F9 fixed it (it was apparently disabled and Fn-F9 re-enabled it).


You should delete these two directories:

/root/.IdeaIC2017.1/
/root/IdeaProjects

Note that you will need to open it from the terminal as root or use your file manager with root privileges (for example, run sudo -i) since non-root users can't access that directory.


How do you keep Unity Panel while using Cairo-Dock on 12.10?

Install cairo-dock, by pasting the commands:

sudo apt-get install cairo-dock

into terminal. (ctrl+alt+T) Then go to system settings. (By clicking the icon in the far right corner in the unity panel and going down and clicking, 'system settings')

After this go to 'Appearance' under 'Personal' then select, 'Behaviour.' Then click, 'on' to the option of auto-hiding the launcher. After this set the reveal location as, 'Top Left Corner' and set the reveal sensitivity to as small as possible by manually moving it the lever.


GrADS -- libssl.so.10: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS64

Ok, I have determined why I was having so many issues installing the latest version of GrADS (v2.2.1) the other day... My system is 64-bit and I was trying to install the 32-bit version... Doh!

Here are the commands that I used for v2.2.1:

cd /usr/local/lib/grads
wget ftp://cola.gmu.edu/grads/data2.tar.gz
tar -zxvf data2.tar.gz
cd
clear
wget ftp://cola.gmu.edu/grads/Supplibs/2.2/builds/supplibs-centos7.4-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf supplibs-centos7.4-x86_64.tar.gz
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl1.0.0 libssl-dev libjpeg62-dev libgeotiff-dev
sudo apt-get install libtiff-dev
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl1.0.0 libssl-dev libjpeg62-dev libgeotiff-dev
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/grads/supplibs/libpng15.so.15 /usr/lib/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/grads/supplibs/libhdf5.so.8 /usr/lib/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/grads/supplibs/libnetcdf.so.7 /usr/lib/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/grads/supplibs/libhdf5_hl.so.8 /usr/lib/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/grads/supplibs/libtiff.so.3 /usr/lib/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/grads/supplibs/libgeotiff.so /usr/lib/
sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.10
sudo apt-get install libjpeg62-dev


how can I batch extract audio from mp4 files with ffmpeg without decompression (automatic audio codec detection)?

You say you want to "extract audio from them (mp3 or ogg)". But what if the audio in the mp4 file is not one of those? you'd have to transcode anyway. So why not leave the audio format detection up to ffmpeg?

To convert one file:

ffmpeg -i videofile.mp4 -vn -acodec libvorbis audiofile.ogg

To convert many files:

for vid in *.mp4; do ffmpeg -i "$vid" -vn -acodec libvorbis "${vid%.mp4}.ogg"; done

You can of course select any ffmpeg parameters for audio encoding that you like, to set things like bitrate and so on.

Use -acodec libmp3lame and change the extension from .ogg to .mp3 for mp3 encoding.

If what you want is to really extract the audio, you can simply "copy" the audio track to a file using -acodec copy. Of course, the main difference is that transcoding is slow and cpu-intensive, while copying is really quick as you're just moving bytes from one file to another. Here's how to copy just the audio track (assuming it's in mp3 format):

ffmpeg -i videofile.mp4 -vn -acodec copy audiofile.mp3

Note that in this case, the audiofile format has to be consistent with what the container has (i.e. if the audio is AAC format, you have to say audiofile.aac). You can use the ffprobe command to see which codec you have, this may provide some information:

ffprobe -v error -select_streams a:0 -show_entries stream=codec_name -print_format csv=p=0 "videofile.mp4"

A possible way to automatically parse the audio codec and name the audio file accordingly would be:

mkdir -p output
# current directory has to contain at least one .mp4 file
for vid in *.mp4; do
   codec="$(ffprobe -v error -select_streams a:0 -show_entries stream=codec_name -print_format csv=p=0 "$vid")"
   case "$codec" in
    mp3    ) filetype=mp3 ;;
    vorbis ) filetype=ogg ;;
    *      ) filetype= ;;
   esac

   if [ "$filetype" ]; then
    ffmpeg -i "$vid" -vn -acodec copy output/"${vid%.*}"."$filetype"
   else
    ffmpeg -i "$vid" -vn -acodec libvorbis output/"${vid%.*}".ogg
done

Notes: the output files are created in sub-directory output it creates in the beginning (if necessary). For other codecs than mp3 and vorbis it converts audio to ogg. Ubuntu 14.04 does not have ffmpeg in standard repositories, but you could add ppa:mc3man/trusty-media repository and install ffmpeg package to get the needed software. See here for details.


Find all packages that have changed or missing files with debsums, limit it to those with bad files containing the path /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/, get the package names, remove duplicates, and reinstall those packages:

sudo apt install debsums
sudo debsums -s 2>&1 | fgrep '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/' | awk '{print$6}' | uniq | xargs sudo apt install --reinstall

You may wish to run the second line with xargs echo instead of xargs the first time to check what it's going to reinstall, then run it with just xargs if the package list presented is acceptable.


Removing Desktop directory from opt folder

If you managed to copy a folder into a system directory, you should have enough rights to remove it from there.

You can use sudo which gives you root permissions.

e.g. the following command will remove the /opt/Desktop folder

sudo rm -rf /opt/Desktop

  sudo - execute as super user

  rm -rf - recursively remove all files of this folder and its sub-folders

  Note: please be careful when running sudo rm -rf /folder as it will
  remove the content of this folder and all of its sub-folders


German umlaut with Windows key + a/o/u/s

After some unsuccessful attempts to add my own local xkb/symbols file (see https://askubuntu.com/a/896298/883344 and https://askubuntu.com/a/896297/883344), I went for the solution from https://stackoverflow.com/a/45042841/3852630. By running

% setxkbmap -query

I see that my current layout is us. I dump this layout to my own file and make a copy

% mkdir $HOME/XKB
% cd $HOME/XKB
% xkbcomp -xkb $DISPLAY us.xkb
% cp us.xkb us-altgr-umlaut.xkb

and modified the copy as seen here

% diff us.xkb us-altgr-umlaut.xkb
1224,1225c1224,1225
<         type= "ALPHABETIC",
<         symbols[Group1]= [               u,               U ]
---
>         type= "FOUR_LEVEL_ALPHABETIC",
>         symbols[Group1]= [               u,               U,      udiaeresis,      Udiaeresis ]
1232,1233c1232,1233
<         type= "ALPHABETIC",
<         symbols[Group1]= [               o,               O ]
---
>         type= "FOUR_LEVEL_ALPHABETIC",
>         symbols[Group1]= [               o,               O,      odiaeresis,      Odiaeresis ]
1244,1245c1244,1245
<         type= "ALPHABETIC",
<         symbols[Group1]= [               a,               A ]
---
>         type= "FOUR_LEVEL_ALPHABETIC",
>         symbols[Group1]= [               a,               A,      adiaeresis,      Adiaeresis ]
1248,1249c1248,1249
<         type= "ALPHABETIC",
<         symbols[Group1]= [               s,               S ]
---
>         type= "FOUR_LEVEL_SEMIALPHABETIC",
>         symbols[Group1]= [               s,               S,          ssharp,          ssharp ]

I wrote a small shell script which is located somewhere in my search path which contains the line

xkbcomp -w 0 $HOME/XKB/us-altgr-umlaut.xkb $DISPLAY

Whenever I want to switch to my layout with German umlauts, I run this script. I switch back to the default keyboard mapping by

setxkbmap us

As mentioned in my comment above, I now use AltGr to switch a/o/u/s to ä/ö/ü/ß (decided to reprogram my brain to use AltGr instead of the Windows key which seems to have a special meaning in the Gnome 3 desktop). As described in https://blog.florianheinle.de/englische-tastatur-umlaute (in German), AltGr can be used for switching by starting gnome-tweaks, then going to Keyboard&Mouse -> Additional Layout Options -> Key to choose the 3rd level, and selecting right alt.

The alternative is of course to modify the file us in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols, but this may get overwritten at the next update. Anyhow, that would be the diff between the new us file and the old (same name):

26c26
<     key <AD07> {  [     u,    U, udiaeresis, Udiaeresis ] };
---
>     key <AD07> {  [     u,    U       ]   };
28c28
<     key <AD09> {  [     o,    O, odiaeresis, Odiaeresis ] };
---
>     key <AD09> {  [     o,    O       ]   };
33,34c33,34
<     key <AC01> {  [     a,    A, adiaeresis, Adiaeresis ] };
<     key <AC02> {  [     s,    S, ssharp, ssharp ] };
---
>     key <AC01> {  [     a,    A       ]   };
>     key <AC02> {  [     s,    S       ]   };


PHP-FPM socket permissions

Please check that the socket has proper permissions.

$ ll /var/run/php5-fpm.sock
srw-rw---- 1 www-data www-data 0 Aug  6 14:16 /var/run/php5-fpm.sock=

Probably add listen.mode = 0660 to your www.conf if the output is different.

Possibly related: nginx error connect to php5-fpm.sock failed (13: Permission denied)

nginx configuration

Is this really where your files are?

root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm index.php;

What is this block supposed to do?

  upstream php {
        server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.socket;
  }

I'd suggest removing try_files $uri =404; from the location ~ \.php$ block.
Why is the indentation of the lines in 2 and 3 different from the rest? Note  that it would affect a proper configuration, but this leaves the impression that they have been carelessly pasted together. Please provide a link to the instructions you used.


This is not exactly what you want, but you can set "Always on Visible Workspace" flag in window options (right click on window caption when window is not in full screen mode and select this option from context menu).

With this flag window will be on the same place on monitor when switching between workspaces.


Alt-Gr key is not working in Ubuntu 13.10

This answer has screenshots for Gnome-Shell (Ubuntu Gnome 13.10). I suppose it will be similar for standard Unity, but if not, please chime in.

First of all (and this is the most common problem), to have AltGr working you need a keyboard layout which uses it. For example, this is my keyboard layout (Settings -> Region and Language):

English (US, international with dead keys) has AltGr.
English (US) has NO AltGr.
English (international AltGr dead keys) has AltGr.

(My preferred layout is the third one, really).

If the layout does not map AltGr+Key to anything, like for example the default "English (US)", AltGr will not work even if it's activated in the Keyboard -> Shortcuts panel.

This is normally sufficient. To change the position of the AltGr you go to Settings -> Keyboard and set the "Alternative Characters Key":

For example, my keyboard has no physical AltGr key, so I mapped it to the Right Alt key.

Now with the third layout, pressing AltGr and n together gives ñ.

Compose (the option before) is a very different beast. If you enable it, then you will have a set of characters available with three (or more) keystrokes. For example, pressing Compose, o, e  gives œ. That's three sequential keystrokes, not together.

Take into account that there is a bug related to the layout switching in 13.10 which is being worked on, so check it if you have problems changing layout.


your os is probably set to qwerty as the default try changing it in the settings i had the same problem but i had a qwerty keyboard while it was set to a japanese keyboard so all the keys were Everywhere so qwerty would be asrfguo


How do I set a different wallpaper for each workspace in Xubuntu 13.04?

The great news is that you do not now need compiz, or even have compositing switched on in xfwm to have a different background per workspace with xfdesktop.You just need to use the development versions of the packages from the Xfce-4.12 xubuntu-dev ppa.

As you are on Xubuntu 13.04, you (and others on 12.10 or 13.10) must enable the xubuntu-dev xfce-4.12 ppa with the development versions of the packages; other xubuntu versions (such as 12.04) require the 4.10 ppa as well. The packages in the Xfce 4.12 ppa are actually labelled 4.11.x versions, as Xfce-4.12 is not finalised yet.

Instructions for Xubuntu 13.04 (and 12.10, 13.10):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Instructions Only to be used for 12.04:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.10
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Then logout and login again, and right click on one of your workspaces, and go to 'Desktop Settings', and you will get the window shown below in figure 1.

On each of your workspaces, the background tab will be titled Wallpaper for [name of your workspace]. Choose an image or a folder with images and click the one you want for the background.

Repeat this process for all the workspaces, but remember:

It is very important to make sure the 'Apply to all workspaces' box is unchecked on each of the wokspaces when you choose a background or you will obviously just have the same background on them all.
You can also choose to set up automated changing of the backgrounds on each workspace if you wish. Simply check the box (as shown in the screenshot below), but remember that this must be checked on each workspace if you want each workspace to switch backgrounds at your desired interval. Obviously, you must have more than one image in the selected folder.

Figure 1:

If you wish to script the changing of the backgrounds, you could use xfconf-query to change them:

Firstly, make sure single-workspace-mode is false:

xfconf-query -c xfce4-desktop -p /backdrop/single-workspace-mode -s false

Then, use the command below and please substitute the number of the screen and workspace for the one that you wish to change, by checking with xfce4-settings-editor. Remember that workspaces begin at 0 for xfconf-query and so your first workspace is actually 0 in the xfconf settings. Then also specify the correct path of your picture:

xfconf-query -c xfce4-desktop -p /backdrop/screen0/monitor0/workspace2/last-image -s /location/of/image

So now compiz is not needed; you can switch between workspaces and see a different background in all of them when you have set the backgrounds up. The memory usage of xfdesktop4 will be slightly higher, but it will still only use around 28 mb with 4 workspaces with high resolution backgrounds on a 1280x1024 screen.

Please note this excellent feature is still under heavy development, and will definitely be one of the highlights of Xfce 4.12, but can be used now if you install the ppas.

Additional Note

If you find that you cannot set an image as a desktop wallpaper by right clicking the entry in the Thunar menu, add a new Thunar custom action to do that and use my script below in that action. The script takes the %f parameter from Thunar as the path of the picture (see Figure 3).

You will also need to install xdotool for it to work, and it will not work with compiz, only with xfwm or similar window managers.

Figure 2: Copy the script and make it executable (chmod u+x)

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# IMPORTANT: to be used as a script for a Thunar custom action
# it will need modification if used for other purposes

# path is %f given in Thunar's context menu
path="$1"
workspace="$(xdotool get_desktop)"
# check not in single workspace mode
xfconf-query -c xfce4-desktop -p /backdrop/single-workspace-mode -s false
# command with workspace and path variables
xfconf-query -c xfce4-desktop -p /backdrop/screen0/monitor0/workspace"${workspace}"/last-image -s "${path}"

exit

Figure 3: Fill in the details for the Thunar custom action; make sure you have the path of the script correct; the Thunar custom action command is:

/location/of/script %f

In the 'Appearance Conditions' tab, choose images only as the appearance condition.

Now whichever workspace you are on, you will be able to set a wallpaper for it by right clicking on any image in Thunar and selecting your custom action.


Ubuntu 16.04: how to boot into nomodeset from GRUB2 tty? Laptop with only NVIDIA M1000M

The easiest way to do this is to boot from the live Ubuntu CD and boot into the interface with nomodset.

Now mount your hardisk by clicking to the left bar that shows the icon of your harddisk, nautilus will open, now close it.

Open the terminal and type:
sudo nautilus

The the Nautilus file manager will open once again.
Into the Nautilus click your harddisk icon (usually is bunch of numbers) to see your folders.

Open these folders:
etc - default

See the flie named grub
Open the file grub with gedit

Now search for the line that says:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

And add the nomodset command to look like this:  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="nomodset quiet splash"

Save and Quit gedit.
Restart and remove Ubuntu CD to boot from your harddisk.

To remove the nomodset command from your grub after you are done removing the proprietary Nvidia drivers open a terminal and:
sudo su
cd //
gedit /etc/default/grub

Is highly recommended to do not use the proprietary drivers since everything works fast and without tearing problems except if you are using Kali Linux with Nvidia cuda which is a different "dark" story.