How to convert FDF to CSV?

Option A:

awk -F "[()]" '{ if ($1=="/V ") value[$2];} \
    END {printf( "CompanyName\tEmailAddress\t\tCountryOrRegion\n" ); \
           for (x in value)printf("%s\t", x);print "" ; \
    }' filled_form.fdf > filled_form.CSV

Option B:

grep -oP '(?<=\/T \(txt).*(?=\))' filled_form.fdf |awk '{ORS=(NR%3?",":RS)}1'; \
grep -oP '(?<=\/V \().*(?=\))' filled_form.fdf |awk '{ORS=(NR%3?",":RS)}1';

Short version of above command would be:

paste -sd, <(grep -oP '(?<=\/T \(txt).*(?=\))' filled_form.fdf) <(grep -oP '(?<=\/V \().*(?=\))' filled_form.fdf)

Option C:

awk 'NR%2==0{type[$0]} NR%2{value[$0]} END{for (x in type)printf("%s\t", x);print "" ;for (y in value)printf("%s\t", y);print "" ;}' <(grep -oP '(?<=\/T \(txt|\/V \().*(?=\))' filled_form.fdf)

How to convert unfriendly CSV to friendly CSV ?

Option A:

awk -F: '{ if ($1=="FieldValue") value[$2];} \
    END {printf( "CountryOrRegion\tCompanyName\tEmailAddress\n" ); \
           for (x in value)printf("%s\t", x) ;print ""; \
    }' filled_form.csv > friendly_filled_form.CSV

Option B:

grep -oP '(?<=FieldName: txt).*' filled_form.csv |awk '{ORS=(NR%3?",":RS)}1'; \
grep -oP '(?<=FieldValue: ).*' filled_form.csv |awk '{ORS=(NR%3?",":RS)}1'

*Note that this command is one linear. so for running it you have to type/copy both line.

And short version for this one would be:

paste -sd, <(grep -oP '(?<=FieldName: txt).*' filled_form.csv) <(grep -oP '(?<=FieldValue: ).*' filled_form.csv)

Option C:

awk 'NR%2{type[$0]} NR%2==0{value[$0]} END{for (x in type)printf("%s\t", x);print "" ;for (y in value)printf("%s\t", y);print "" ;}' <(grep -oP '(?<=FieldName: txt|FieldValue: ).*' filled_form.csv)

or even this one:

awk 'NR%2{type[$0]} NR%2==0{value[$0]} END{for (x in type)printf("%s\t", x);print "" ;for (y in value)printf("%s\t", y);print "" ;}' <(awk -F'FieldValue: |FieldName: txt' 'NF>1{print $2}' filled_form.csv)

How to convert PDF to CSV?

I will complete the solution with pdfgrep tomorrow but if you want to try it for yourself, here is the command:

pdfgrep 'CompanyName|CountryOrRegion|EmailAddress' filled_form-submit_format_fdf.pdf

It needs to work on output format. If you want to get only whole words, use the -C 0 option. good luck and I hope helps ;)


Use a lightweight DE

Use xfce OR Lxde even just bare WM like openbox, fluxbox etc

Use lighter applications

Midori to Firefox, Chromium
Abiword, gnumeric to libreoffice

Remove unnecessary services and scripts.

E.g. If you have a desktop without bluetooth, wireless you can remove bluetooth daemon and services package and even network-manager if you use ethernet only

Some system enhancement advice here as well.
How can I improve Ubuntu overall system performance?


Is it possible to find all the config file replacements done during apt-get?

For any configuration file for which apt has posed a question, apt will keep a backup based on the action you took.

If you chose to replace the current file with the package file, the original will be saved with the extension dpkg-old.
If you chose to keep the current file, the new one from the package will be kept with the extension dpkg-dist.

Therefore, you can look for files with such extensions:

find /etc -type f -name '*.dpkg-*'


I solved this by using Maximus.

For newer versions of gnome (> 3.8) you may need to edit metadata.json to match this pull request and manually install the extension. Instructions lifted from maximus homepage with a few edits:

hg clone ssh://hg@bitbucket.org/mathematicalcoffee/maximus-gnome-shell-extension
hg up gnome3.4 # or `stable` if on GNOME 3.2
cd maximus-gnome-shell-extension
# NOW OPEN AND EDIT THE OUTDATED metadata.json FILE. See link above.
make # <-- VERY IMPORTANT
cp -r maximus@mathematical.coffee.gmail.com ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions
# enable maximus if you haven't already:
gnome-shell-extension-tool -e maximus@mathematical.coffee.gmail.com
Restart gnome-shell.


I think this is the bug affecting you:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/hdparm/+bug/952556

It's supposed to be solved in updates, so please check for updates and apply the latest ones (the one you want is hdparm (9.37-0ubuntu3.1) ). I suggest you reboot after applying them to be on the safe side.

If that doesn't help, the bug has some more suggestions to try. For instance, open a terminal and:

sudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf

At the very end add this (on a new line):

apm_battery = 128

Then save the file.

You can try this manually by running

sudo hdparm -B 128 /dev/sda

but this will not persist once you've rebooted, so if it works for you, add it to the file as explained above.


Wireless driver needs to be recompiled after each kernel upgrade

Did you compile it with DKMS ? It's normal to have to recompile a module after a kernel update, module compiled with DKMS are automatically recompiled at each update.


Zenity question - how can I use user input?

zenity --question will return the user's answer in its exit code.
You can collect it from the $? special variable, like so

zenity --question --text="Are you there?"
THERE=$?

or use it directly in a conditional like this

if zenity --question --text="Do you want to answer stupid questions?"
then
    zenity --entry --text="Why?"
fi


List only processes that are in suspended mode

The output of ps includes the status:

$ ps aux | head -n2
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.0  0.0 200892  5132 ?        Ss   Mar04   0:20 /sbin/init

The STAT column is the state of the process. This can be one of (from man ps):

Here are the different values that the s, stat and state output
specifiers (header "STAT" or "S") will display to describe the state of a process:

           D    uninterruptible sleep (usually IO)
           R    running or runnable (on run queue)
           S    interruptible sleep (waiting for an event to complete)
           T    stopped by job control signal
           t    stopped by debugger during the tracing
           W    paging (not valid since the 2.6.xx kernel)
           X    dead (should never be seen)
           Z    defunct ("zombie") process, terminated but not reaped by its parent

So, you are looking for processes whose state is shown as T. To see only those processes, you can parse the ps output for them:

ps aux | awk '$8=="T"'

Sometimes, additional characters can be added to the state field (depending on the options you use), so this might be a safer approach:

ps aux | awk '$8~/T/'


It may be due to the PPA 'backports' installed. In fresh install (focal without backports), this problem didn't arise.


Open a terminal and navigate to the directory where the file is located.
typically cd /home/downloads

then type: dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb.1

If you wish to receive update notifications, you should add chrome's repository to your sources.


Skipping "Configuring apt" during system installation on Ubuntu Server

you can skip configuring apt by simply pressing ctrl+R+del then the following step will skip by connecting to the server of that step.No any bug found while trying  this step.well,being a linux expert i suggest you to use this method or another method that is ctrl+F1+esc.thats all


Ubuntu 14.04 wireless unstable and the signal is weak

Check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, I have better luck with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. After making these changes, reboot the router.


Erase /home/ from casper-rw overlay on shutdown (systemd service)

FINALLY!! I got it!!!. Thank you so much to @Rinzwind who gave me crucial clues in the comments to the question for this.

  (!!) If someone is reading these words, please: don't assume this is the right way of doing it because it probably isn't. I am really new to SystemD and I know mostly... well... absolutely nothing about it.

I got it working using a service that ExecStarts (important, I had been trying a lot just with ExecStop and didn't work) after shutdown.target and that is wanted by final.target.

/etc/systemd/system/clear-stick.service:

[Unit]
Description=Cleans-up interview sticker

DefaultDependencies=no
Before=final.target umount.target
After=shutdown.target

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/clear_interview_stick.sh
RemainAfterExit=true

[Install]
WantedBy=final.target

It also helped seeing how the casper-rw overlay did it (I mean: looking at the actual /etc/systemd/system/final.target.wants/casper.service file) and how it uses ExecStart, makes it run after umount (although I wanted my service run before umount)... things like that.

Also, in one of my many tests I removed the line RequiresMountsFor=/media/overlay/ It might still be ok (I didn't try all the possible permutations), but since at the time that mount /media/overlay was being  done through /etc/rc.local, (mkusb takes over the /etc/fstab), and what I did works without it, I kept it out.

In the previous paragraph, I mention "but since at the time that mount..." That's because just in case SystemD was not "seeing" a mount that wasn't listed in the /etc/fstab but created through rc.local, I also created a .mount unit file as explained here, to try having SystemD know about it. Plus it felt cleaner to me.

This is how:

/etc/systemd/system/media-overlay.mount:

[Unit]
Description=Mount Overlay in /media/

[Mount]
What=/dev/disk/by-label/casper-rw
Where=/media/overlay
Type=ext4
Options=defaults

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

That didn't help with the erasing. I'm guessing maybe???? (big guess, big maybe) that's because I was still using ExecStop? I dunno, really. Nonetheless, that .mount file did succeeded in creating the mount, so I kept it.

I'm sure a cleaner and more reliable .service could be written, but since each test took me more than half an hour because I needed to rebuild the bootable USB stick, I decided leaving it like this. (If it compiles, it ships, right?)

It is worth noting that the list-dependencies command (as in systemctl list-dependencies --after final.target) was also really helpful to see what was going on.


How can I check which partition contains Ubuntu intstallation, using Gparted while in live USB of Ubuntu?

By Elimination:

The only partitions with enough used space to contain operating systems are sda2 and sda3.

Ubuntu does not install on NTFS so it must be on sda2.

Windows does not install on ext4 so it must be on sda3.

Just guessing about Games and Movies but the labels seem right.


Re read the guide, the LUKS filesystem is windows compatible and encryptable you need to visit the link to FreeOTFE at the beginning of the expert section.

mkfs.vfat is automatically called by mkfs when doing a fat filesystem, do not call directly.


"autoreconf: not found" error during making qemu-1.4.0

I just had this problem myself, and the solution I found in reading the autoconf manual which states autoreconf runs autoconf which I did not have installed.

sudo apt-get install autoconf

and the autogen script I am using now works.


Error: "A connection to the bus can't be made" while trying to install Ubuntu 18.04

I suffered from this same issue 2 years back and here is the workaround that just worked for me.

I was unable to boot (Ubuntu 20.04) while installing (from Live USB) like you and the screen was stuck with this error message, I waited for about 15 minutes but nothing progressed. So, I just started randomly pressing arrow keys out of frustration, and I don't know how, but booting started progressing.

Then I installed the OS and did reboot. But again, the screen stuck while booting. I forced shutdown with the power button. Searched for the issue and found out that setting nomodeset option while booting in the boot time configuration can help me rid of this issue.

Solution

Step 1: Setting nomodeset while booting after OS installation

In the boot menu, when the cursor is on "ubuntu's kernal" (generally topmost) press "e" to edit its booting configurations.
Find the line starting with "linux".
Replace -> “quiet splash” with “nomodeset” or add “nomodeset” before “quiet splash”
Press –> CTRL + X to boot

Step 2: After booting successfully, now permanently set this nomodeset in your grub config file

Open file /etc/default/grub
Append nomodeset to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT that will make it as GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"
Save and exit

Step 3: Update grub and system

sudo update-grub
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Now when I did reboot the system, the error was gone.

References:

How to set nomodeset: How do I set 'nomodeset' after I've already installed Ubuntu?
A helpful discussion on ubuntu forum: https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1613132
My own blogpost on the issue: https://misternarayan.wordpress.com/2020/05/17/fixed-error-a-connection-to-the-bus-cant-be-made-in-linux-booting/


spawn is expect specific command i.e. you need to interpret spawn using expect.

Most of the time you would use a expect script and use spawn inside it to start a new process.

For example:

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
spawn ssh host
expect ....

From terminal directly:

% expect -c 'spawn whoami'
spawn whoami

By default spawn echoes the command hence the output in the terminal.


I forgot my passwowd and my administrative account will not reset (password recovery)?

You have to boot from your Ubuntu Live CD, choosing “Try Ubuntu without any change to your computer” from the boot menu.

Once the system boots, open up a new Terminal and then type in the following command:

sudo fdisk -l

This command is used to tell what device name the hard drive is using, "hint: The entry with * before"

I assume its sda1 for the rest

Now you’ll need to create a directory to mount the hard drive on. Since we’re actually booting off the live cd, the directory doesn’t really get created anywhere.

sudo mkdir /media/sda1

The next command will mount the hard drive in the /media/sda1 folder.

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/sda1

Now it’s time for the command that actually does the magic: chroot. This command is used to open up a shell with a different root directory than the current shell is using, and we’ll pass in the folder where we mounted the hard drive.

sudo chroot /media/sda1

Now you should be able to use the passwd command to change your user account’s password, and it will be applied to the hard drive since we are using chroot.

passwd USERNAME

Note that you’ll have to type your username after the passwd command in order to change the right password.

Now you should be able to reboot your system and log yourself in with your new password.


boot filename not found with windows 7 ultimate+ recently upgraded ubuntu14.4 LTS dual boot+strange ticking sound

That message you're getting is the network boot option that most BIOSes have. It's usually the last entry in the boot order, so it means your hard drive isn't being seen. The clicking sound and this boot problem lead me to believe that your hard drive is dead. You're almost definitely going to have to take it in to have the drive cloned or the data taken off. If you have another computer though, you might be able to make an Ubuntu LiveUSB, boot from that and then copy your important files to another USB drive, before buying a new hard drive and reinstalling Windows and Ubuntu. I recommend the professional drive transfer, though.


change phpmyadmin url through /etc/apache2/conf-available.phpmyadmin.conf

Actually /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf, that is displayed as 'folder', is a symbolic link to /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf:

$ ls -l /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 яну 20  2017 /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf -> ../../phpmyadmin/apache.conf

To change the URI (access path) of PhpMyAdmin. Edit /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf and change the first path (/phpmyadmin) of this directive:

Alias /phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin

Explanation about the directive Alias. Let's assume that DocumentRoot is /var/www/html. In this case the directive Alias /phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin will serve as this symlink:

ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/html/phpmyadmin

References:

How to secure phpmyadmin
Change phpMyAdmin port from 80 to another number (here are explained the basics about the default the configuration)

Update from the discussion: Indeed phpmyadmin.conf wasn't enabled, because the symbolic link /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/phpmyadmin.conf was missing. PhpMyAdmin was enabled within Apache's configuration by a symbolic link, created in /var/www/html, exactly as the above example. So the steps we perform were:

Tweak the Alias directive in /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf;
Enable phpmyadmin.conf: sudo a2enconf phpmyadmin.conf;
Restart Apache: sudo systemctl restart apache2.service;
Check whether the new URI path works;
Remove the unnecessary symbolic link: sudo rm /var/www/html/phpmyadmin.


Trying to use Webex from webex.com on Firefox 4?

Steve P found the answer:
https://linuxsagas.wordpress.com/2010/03/05/webex-working-again-in-ubuntu-9-10-64bit/#comment-340

basically:

get 32 bit swiftfox 3.6 deb for intel prescott and install: http://getswiftfox.com/download.htm
get 32 bit java jre from http://www.java.com/ and install in ~
link the appropriate plugin files from the java folder to /usr/lib/swiftfox/plugins

/usr/lib/swiftfox/plugins/libjavaplugin_nscp_gcc29.so -> ~/java32/lib/i386/libjavaplugin_nscp_gcc29.so

/usr/lib/swiftfox/plugins/libjavaplugin_oji.so -> ~/java32/plugin/i386/ns7-gcc29/libjavaplugin_oji.so

/usr/lib/swiftfox/plugins/libnpjp2.so -> ~/java32/lib/i386/libnpjp2.so


I solved the problem.

Just open about:config and set webgl.force-enabled to true.

OpenGL seems to have been disabled somehow.

(June 2, 2013) Update:

The above answer no longer works for me. (Or that was my misunderstanding...)

Use Lite Mode instead.


Random Source Games Stop Working After Kernel Update

EDIT:

The Actual Fix

All credit goes to Henrik Johansson who made a great guide here. I'll tell you what to do in short.

For Valve games, go to the executable in your favorite editor and search for

 ${DEBUGGER} "${GAMEROOT}"/${GAMEEXE} "$@"

and replace it with

primusrun ${DEBUGGER} "${GAMEROOT}"/${GAMEEXE} "$@"

(or optirun, your choice)

This seems to affect all games that utilize a .sh executable. Other games may be fixed in a similar fashion.

My Explanation

The problem lies within how Steam runs commands. This is a problem I have just recently connected the dots with and now know the answer. It seems as if the ld.so problem deals with Intel drivers (or so I think). Steam fails to run optirun/primusrun correctly (or maybe at all) and thus uses the Intel drivers, which doesn't work.

That which is below is not applicable anymore, as xorg-edgers is now graphics-drivers.

Don't listen to what's below this, please.

After multiple search attempts on the internet and after LOTS of trial and error, I can safely conclude that the main problem is the PPA xorg-edgers. If you have similar problems, you should remove whatever drivers you have from xorg-edgers and then ppa-purge it.

If you don't know how to do it, then here's how.

Install ppa-purge by...

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

Remove the xorg-edgers with...

sudo ppa-purge ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

And finally...

sudo apt-get update


This is an example of ExifTool FAQ #3.  On a test photo, edit the description in gThumb with something unique, then use the command exiftool -a -G1 -s FILE to see what is the actual tag that is being edited.

I did some quick searches to try and see what metadata gThumb is actually editing but it was of little value.  I would suggest checking the Caption-Abstract, Description, and ImageDescription tags as those are the most likely tags that gThumb is reading for the Comment > Description.

edit: Found info that gThumb can read EXIF, IPTC, and XMP metadata, so it might be reading any or all of the above three tags I mentioned for its Description entry.  I'd suggest trying exiftool -Description='my comment' <directory> as your command.

edit 2:  I found this post on the ExifTool forums that indicates that when writing, gThumb is probably using both Description and Caption-Abstract.  Description is part of the more modern XMP standard, so I suggest using the command in my first edit, though using Caption-Abstract is also an option.


mount usb as /media/cdrom (replacing the cdrom directory present)

This...

# mount --bind "/media/ubuntu/ubuntu live/" /media/cdrom

...will "bind" mount the former directory in the latter location.


If you are on a gnome system, gnome-www-browser is checked before x-www-browser, so you might have more luck changing this alternative with

sudo update-alternatives --config gnome-www-browser


After hours upon hours of browsing to find an answer, I found something that ended up working for me. I couldn't connect to the internet at all, so I had to use a second computer and a thumb drive to accomplish this. The WiFi hardware in my machine is Broadcom BCM 4321 (14e4:4239) and the firmware disappeared when I did a clean install from 11.04 to 14.04. I was also missing the b43 and b43legacy files. It's a little bit of a work around (or so I felt) but I got it going.

For starters, you need to make sure that you have DKMS (Dynamic Kernel Module Support) so you can add to the kernel easily. You can install .deb packages using Terminal. Mateusz Stachowski on ubuntuforums.org/ pointed this out, so don't worry about that.

  Inability to install external packages with Ubuntu Software Center is a bug.

  You can install .deb packages from terminal with this command:

 sudo dpkg -i [insert file name here}

A user by the name of Anwar, who posted on code.google.com, explained how to install DKMS without having to go through Ubuntu Software Center.

  Follow the link to download the dkms package.

  http://linux.dell.com/dkms/permalink/dkms_2.2.0.3-0_all.deb

  Save to a convenient location.
  1. Installing this through Ubuntu Software Centre didn't work; the install button would >never become available. Instead,

  1) open a Terminal window

  2) switch to the root context by entering the following command:

  sudo bash

  provide the administrator password when prompted.

  3) initiate installation by entering the following command:

 dpkg -i dkms_2.2.0.3-0_all.deb

Now is when I finished it up. On help.ubuntu.com, I found the article that helped me get the firmware installed.

  Move The Wireless Folder To The Firmware Directory

sudo cp -r ~/wireless/* /lib/firmware/

  Now let's double check to make sure the download made it to the firmware directory. To >do this type this into the terminal:

ls /lib/firmware

  Ok so now that the download is in the firmware directory we need to go to that >directory. To go there open your terminal and type in:

cd /lib/firmware

  Now that you have changed directories let's double check to make sure you are in the >right directory, this next code tells us where we are in the computer file directory.
  This next code stands for "print working directory".

pwd

  Are you at /lib/firmware if so good, if not go back one step.

  Now that we are in the firmware directory. We have to extract the download, to do this >type in:

sudo -s

  Then enter your password then:

tar xvf b43-all-fw.tar_.gz

  Now is the firmware extracted properly? check by typing:

ls /lib/firmware/b43

  or:

ls /lib/firmware/b43legacy

  Do you see the ucode files? if so then delete the gz file:

sudo rm *.gz

  Then:

exit

Reboot.

sudo reboot now

        Originally posted ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=10796508&postcount=44 by >>>>josephmills, with chili555 consulted.

You can find the b43-all-fw.tar_.gz at http://www.broadcom.com/support/802.11/linux_sta.php


How to install app from older Ubuntu repository on a new Ubuntu

There are two cases:

Installing a Snap package

If the application is found on apps.ubuntu.com, now renamed to snapcraft.io, then it's a "Snap" package that is independent of the version of Ubuntu you want to install it on. You can install it with the "Ubuntu-Software" application on Ubuntu 16.04 and later. Or alternatively from the command line as follows:

sudo snap install pycharm-community --classic

Snap packages are not real software packages, as they come with a redundant version of all kinds of dependencies, which makes them much larger. Also each Snap package uses its own ugly /var/lib/snapd/snaps/… mountpoint, which will show up when listing mounted file systems with mount, for example. So whenever a package is also available as a normal Ubuntu .deb package, better proceed to the next option:

Installing a .deb package from an earlier release

If the application is found with a search on packages.ubuntu.com, it's a real Ubuntu .deb package. To install it in a distribution where it is not (yet) available, go to the package's page in the latest distribution where it is available (random example). Scroll down to the "Download [packagename]" table and click on the correct link in the "Architecture" column, which is usually the amd64 one. Save the file, and then install it in the command line as follows:

sudo apt install ./packagename_[version]_amd64.deb

This will automatically install all dependencies as long as they are available in your own release of Ubuntu, which is often the case. The ./ in the command above, or a full path to the file, is important because otherwise apt would look for the package in the repository, where it's not found for your release in this case.

(As for Sweeper 3D, it seems the package was simply pulled from the Snap repository, perhaps by the author himself. It is no longer available for any Ubuntu distribution.)


Ubuntu 14.04 sometimes does not suspend when laptop lid closed

I'm having a similar issue.
I didn't identify the source yet, but here's what I did

1-Ran dmesg and captured the time of the last event.
2-Ran dmesg | grep "{last event time}" -A1000 to capture the lines. You should get only 1 line.
3-Closed the lid.

In my case, it tries to suspend, and it wakes up itself almost immediately.

4-Opened the lid, unlocked the screen and ran again the last dmesg with the grep.

I saw in the output the computer is going to sleep, and immediately wakes up itself, on it's own.

I guess there's something like laptop-tools or similar waking it up. I removed the USB devices as well, and it keeps waking up.

I will let you know if I manage to find the solution. I'm using a Thinkpad T430S here.

Best!


sudo apt-get install gtk2-engines-murrinewill install the Murrine Engine.

apt-cache search gtk2-engines* will show you the available GTK 2 engines.


I found the cause of the problem. There was a residual locking file from the first time Kile didn't close correctly (long time ago, probably). I hope this can help someone going through the same.

The solution to my problem was just deleting the file "myproject.kilepr.lock" (my project file is called "myproject.kilepr"). All works fine now :-)


The issue should be on the design of the KVM switch (I don't know what model and maker of the switch).  Looks like the KVM switch does not have built-in EDID emulation (feeding the EDID information to all connected systems, no matter if the systems are targeted/selected or not).

I suggest that you should either find a KVM switch support "Full-time EDID emulation" or adding external EDID emulator to existing KVM switch.


Make a program automatically take higher priority?

TL;DR You need nice for this:

sudo nice -n -20 <your_command>

Start minecraft with this command:

sudo nice -n -20 su -c java -jar minecraft.jar $USER

If you have a desktop file for minecraft then change the property Exec and install the package gksu, we need gksudo:

sudo apt-get install gksu

Example (Replace <your_username> with your username, the output of echo $USER. $USER doesn't works in a desktop file):

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Minecraft
GenericName=Game
Comment=Break and place blocks to build imaginative things
Exec=gksudo "nice -n -20 su -c 'java -jar /usr/share/minecraft/minecraft.jar' <your_username>"
Icon=minecraft
Categories=Game
StartupNotify=true
StartupWMClass=net-minecraft-bootstrap-Bootstrap

  The Linux niceness scale goes from -20 to 19. The lower the number the
  more priority that task gets. If the niceness value is high number
  like 19 the task will be set to the lowest priority and the CPU will
  process it whenever it gets a chance. The default nice value is zero.

Source

from man nice:

-n, --adjustment=N
              add integer N to the niceness (default 10)


ubuntu 13.04 doesn't recognize second 40gb hard drive

If it's SATA, SCSI, or SAS try unplugging the drive while the system is on and plugging them back in (while the system is still on).


Yes, There is such a tool

Cfdisk

It is a curses based partition editor. It is based on fdisk

It is preinstalled on ubuntu, If not just use the following command to install it

sudo apt-get install util-linux

run it using

sudo cfdisk

You will get this screen

Using cfdisk

The user interface

After you have started cfdisk you'll get an interface where the current partition table is listed with the names and some data about each partition, and some command buttons on the bottom of the screen. To change between partitions, use the up and down arrow keys. To change between commands, use the left and right arrow keys.

Deleting a partition
To delete an existing partition, highlight it with the up and down keys, select the Delete command with the left and right arrow keys, and press Enter.

Making a new partition

To make a new partition, select the New command with the left and right arrow keys, and press enter. You'll get the choice between a primary and a logical partition. If you want a logical partition, the program will automatically make an extended partition for you. Then you must choose the size of the partition (in MB). If you can't enter a value in MB, return to the main screen with the Esc key, and select MB with the Units command.

Set the type of a partition

To set the type of a partition, for bootable PReP, Linux swap or Linux ext2, highlight the actual partition, and select the Type command. You'll get a list over different types. Press space, and you'll get even more. Find what type you need, and enter the number at the prompt.

Make a partition bootable

To be able to boot from a primary partition, you need to make it bootable. Highlight the actual partition and select the Bootable command.

Write the result to disk and quit

When you are content with the layout of the disk, select the Write command. The partition table will be written to disk. Remember that this will destroy all data on partitions you have deleted or changed. You should therefore be very sure that you want to do this before actually press the Return key.

For more deeper information, see here: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man8/cfdisk.8.html

Taken From: http://www.absolutelinux.org/installing/cfdisk.shtml


If I understand correctly, you're trying to stream the microphone input to the audio output? The simplest I can think of is to use gst-launch for that. Open a terminal and type:

gst-launch pulsesrc ! pulsesink

The press CTRL+C to stop streaming. You may have to install the gstreamer tools to have this available:

sudo apt-get install gstreamer-tools

Note that as I don't have any suitable audio source, I didn't actually try that so it may not work. Any feedback on whether it does would be appreciated.


There is the oxygen-gtk3.

Earlier: Are there any plans to make GTK3 apps look more native in KDE?

"HOWTO: gtk3-engines-oxygen for gtk3 apps": http://kubuntuforums.net/forums/index.php?topic=3118994.0


You can use Ubuntu Customization Kit

sudo apt-get install uck

Never used it though, but found it here : http://www.howtogeek.com/109736/how-to-create-a-custom-ubuntu-live-cd-or-usb/


SSD partition for a development workstation

I think you can put your /home on your old hard disk. The rest of the system can be put on your new SSD drive.

Alternatively, if you also want to speed up some of the files in the /home directory (maybe some project files), you can put /home on your SSD and mount your HDD under /media.


Here is a way. Not necessarily a good way, but a way.

Set up (non-free) Google Drive client Insync.  Run your backups into a folder that is synced to Google Drive through Insync.


What is a terminal and how do I open and use it?

What is it:

The terminal is an interface in which you can type and execute text based commands.

Why use it:

It can be much faster to complete some tasks using a Terminal than with graphical applications and menus. Another benefit is allowing access to many more commands and scripts.

A common terminal task of installing an application can be achieved within a single command, compared to navigating through the Software Centre or Synaptic Manager.

For example the following would install Deluge bittorrent client:

sudo apt-get install deluge

To save a detailed list of files in the current directory tree to a file called listing.txt:

find -type f > listing.txt

Sometimes you will also see the following notation:

$ whoami
calum
$ ls
Downloads  Documents

This means that the command whoami is executed which gives calum as output. Following that command, ls is executed which outputs Downloads  Documents.

A similar notation is:

# apt-get update

This means that the command should be run as root, that is, using sudo:

$ sudo apt-get update

Note that the # character is also used for comments.

# this command will give your username
whoami
# the next command will show the contents of the current directory
ls

How do I open a terminal:

Open the Dash (Super Key) or
Applications and type terminal

Use the keyboard shortcut by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T.
For older or Ubuntu versions: (More Info)

Applications → Accessories → Terminal

Alternative names for the terminal:

Console
Shell
Command line
Command prompt

(Although technically they mean different things)

Common commands & Further information

Ubuntu Documentation: Using The
Terminal


"gstreamer1.0-libav" Package dependencies cannot be resolved

You can try the following:

sudo apt-get install libopus0

Then:

sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0-liba

According to this it should work. It did for him.

Unfortunately I do not find any reason why it works or why libavcodec54 do not.

Reference

ubuntu 14.04 problem with gstreamer1.0-libav


Apt keeps track of the packages that you specify using a system called apt-marking.

Apt will only try to autoremove dependencies. That's important. Apt won't autoremove anything you explicitly say you want installed until you explicitly say that you want it uninstalled.

It's that simple.

There are several ways to tell apt what you want. These commands both change the apt-marking:

sudo apt install packagename       (also installs the package, if not already installed)
sudo apt-mark manual packagename   (changes the marking only)

Example: If you want to keep the cuda and gcc packages and prevent autoremoval: sudo apt install cuda gcc

For more information see man apt-mark


Ubuntu Server continues to want to upgrade after already fully upgrading

The upgrade notification is cached and isn't removed after the upgrade for some reason. You have to manually remove the cached message to force Ubuntu to recheck if you need an upgrade.

Removed the notification cache with this command and you should be set:

sudo rm /var/lib/ubuntu-release-upgrader/release-upgrade-available

The script that checks for release upgrades is located at /usr/lib/ubuntu-release-upgrader/release-upgrade-motd, you can read it for more detail.


You're using Ubuntu 10.04.  That version is well past End of Life.  That means there are no longer even security updates, and your question is technically off topic for this Exchange.

What I'd recommend is to back up your stored data and install Kubuntu 14.04 -- or, if the machine isn't up to a modern Kubuntu, try Lubuntu or Xubuntu.  If you can't run Eclipse with a modern system that your hardware can handle, it's likely you'll be disappointed in the overall performance anyway (though my experience is that Kubuntu 14.04 runs reasonably well on my roughly ten year old Dell Latitude D520, a dual core with 2 GB RAM).


One way around bad rasterization is to manually convert your PDF document to postscript because when you invoke CUPS through evince or whatever gui, it will be converted anyways.

You can try pdftops -r 1200 document.pdf to increase the resolution from the low default of 300, and then print the resulting postscript. However, with the printers at work this did not yield a significant improvement. Regular text on pages with and without transparent images still looked different -- blurry vs. clear.

So I ended up using Acrobat Professional (on a windows machine) to flatten the transparent images used in my latex document, which gave optimal results. Check that Transparency Flattener Preset is at [High Resolution] in the advanced print setup.
My colleague mentioned that one could perhaps FTP a pdf file directly to a modern laserjet network printer, bypassing the postscript conversion. I have not tried this.

Would be great to have linux-only solution to this issue.


There is nothing wrong with this module.  I found a more immediate error that was causing the actual linking of this module to fail.

So it should work great for anyone looking to either have a decent module template or find opengl.  Thanks.


Snap package daemons won't start on fresh Ubuntu Server install

Okay, I was able to coax life out of my snaps by running:

sudo snap refresh core --beta

This allowed nextcloud snap to start, plexmediaserver still has problems but this no longer seems to be a general snap problem.


Fedora is using LVM and by default the live CD does not have LVM installed. Furthermore, gparted does not manage LVM either.

LVM takes a physical partition and divides it into logical divisions.

Scroll down in the list of partitions and identify which partition was used for Fedora. You can delete or use that physical partition although you will also need to make a swap partition for Ubuntu.


How do I get a log or an error output from any application run from the terminal?

Not all applications will leave a log behind, it depends on the coding behind them, even complex ones might not have logging capabilities.

If an application has a debug, verbose or log capabilities that option will be declared in the man page of that application, ie: man ssh will show you that if you use ssh -v you will get a verbose output of what the command is doing on the background when opening a tunnel to a host, ssh -y will output to syslog instead of stderr.

But some applications are just not programmed with that capability. For those strace can be used as a debugging utility for any application though, it logs all system calls and signals, I find it useful when I have any crashes or unexpected faults while running an application, and most of the times it helps me sort issues with applications that do not have a debug or a log option built in to their code, ie strace ls outputs:

execve("/usr/bin/ls", ["ls"], [/* 95 vars */]) = 0
brk(0)                                  = 0x20b6000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fd7e5ca3000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=118369, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 118369, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fd7e5c86000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/lib64/libselinux.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\20l\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
...
...
...

This allows you to have an idea of what is happening and why is an application failing to halting in its code.


Fatal: Bad FAT: unterminated chain for  when using parted

The normal steps to shrink a filesystem (from the end), are defrag it, shrink the filesystem itself, then shrink the partition.  Some partition editors (gparted) will do the "shrink the filesystem" for you if the fs is the right type (ext?) and the resize2fs program is present (it is by default)).  In your case, you probably have to run fatresize yourself, but first you will have to install it.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fatresize

Then check the newly resized filesystem, then shrink the partition.


Unable to connect to snappy or run snappy commands on Ubuntu 17.10

I finally got to the bottom of the problem, thanks to a post on the snapcraft.io site.

My /var/lib/snapd/state.json was corrupted, so I took a backup of the file and restarted snapd with a "systemctl start snapd.service"


How to extend ROM memory with USB stick / install apps on USB stick

Putting home directory on USB
You can easily move your home to USB, 20GB on your SSD should be enough for your system if you do not install too many programs.
Here is what my wife did, See Using existing home directory from a bootable external drive.
I think Fabby answers your original question here: https://askubuntu.com/a/1139085/43926
Windows will also let you move all or part of Documents and Settings to another drive. Open C:\Users\ [UserName] and right click the folder you want to move, (say Documents or Downloads, etc), then select location. the rest will be obvious.


when I hit ctrl-alt-F1 i get a black screen

Your explanation is quite vague or I couldn't make out what you are saying. Try Ctrl+Alt+F7 and you might get your GUI back.


How do I distinguish between a command, utility, or builtin for getting documentation?

You can use type to find out:

$ type echo
echo is a shell builtin
$ type sudo
sudo is /usr/bin/sudo

For bash builtins, use help, as in help echo.


how can i turn network interface (localhost) on?

You can use ifconfig to check whether a network interface (e.g., the localhost interface (lo)) is enabled or not.

You can use sudo ifconfig lo up to enable the localhost interface.


automatically answer input in command line

Whenever one speaks of "thousands of files", I immediately think of xargs (read man xargs). Assuming your filenames are simple (not containing blanks or other funny characters):

xargs --interactive -n 1 <filenames.txt YourProgram


Ubuntu 16.04 doesn't seem to see my gtx 1060 gpu

Disable Secure Boot in BIOS. With Secure Boot enabled proprietary drivers will never load. Then run in a terminal

sudo apt purge 'nvidia.*'
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-367 nvidia-prime

The 367 driver is a recommended by Nvidia LTS driver.


Try to install kernel 4.17r6 from official Ubuntu download site, it worked for me. You'll have some dependency problems (forgot which packs) but they can be fixed with installing missing packages manually using apt-get.
 Packages you'll need:

linux-headers-4.17.-XXX-_all.deb

linux-headers-4.17.-XXX-.deb

linux-headers-4.17.-XXX-generic.deb

linux-modules-4.17.-XXX-.deb

Install them using sudo dpkg -i *.deb and make sure you have latest nvidia drivers (396.XX for me). Then reboot your notebook.

Hope it helps :D


Type fsck /dev/sda1 at the prompt and answer yes to all questions .. or fsck -y /dev/sda1 if you want to answer yes automatically - It can be quite a large number of prompts to answer. After that, reboot.


It is not a good idea to hibernate your Virtual Box virtual machine to the virtual disk swap. The appropriate way to achieve hibernation is to close your virtual machine with Machine -> Close (or just close the virtual machine window):

Choose "Save the machine state" for "hibernating" to a file on your host partition.

You can also do this from command line on the host with the following command:

VBoxManage controlvm <name> savestate

Replace <name> by the name of your VM.


You should be giving the boot option on BIOS a shot.
When you enter bios (You might as well just tap Esc repeatedly after starting your machine until you see a boot menu) Once on there, select the windows boot option.


How to remove countdown in grub menu (disable countdown)

To get grub file in /etc/default/grub

sudo apt-get install grub2 grub-pc

Then run

sudo update-grub

Now open /etc/default/grub using your favourite editor.

(you may need sudo permissions!)

And set this field to -1 to wait indefinitely!

GRUB_TIMEOUT=-1

You can try to comment out the following two lines to

# GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
# GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true

Now again run

sudo update-grub

and you are done! Hope this helps!


Can not connect via FTP over explicit TLS/SSL

Edit: worked for me -- Try using ftp -p which will begin the client in passive (PASV) mode.

I believe this has to do with the ports being blocked.  I believe the ports are 9000 - 9020 by default.  A similar problem on centos recommends changing the firewall rules.

I haven't isolated where the problem is with my ports being blocked, but hopefully this points you further in the right direction.


Display cloning doesn't work anymore (nVidia)

If you are using the latest nvidia drivers, then I'm sorry to inform you that there is no fix currently. There is a problem with xrandr + the latest drivers (30x.xx) where dual monitor setups either don't work, or do so poorly, and cloning is just completely ruined.


How can I improve the SSH file transfer performance?

Slow network transfers can have various reasons, basically one for each layer in the OSI model (this is actually a case where it's handy :-))

First of all, the physical layer. You don't mention whether you use the cable or the wifi cards for the transfer, so I'll suspect wifi: Even with your computers in the same room, a Wifi connection may suffer from interference, either from other Wifi components using the same frequency or other users of the license-free 2.4 GHz band. Without a spectrum analyzer, your simplest method to analyze this is to check whether a simple netcat-based transmission is faster. If it is just as slow, your problem is likely here. Try switching channels on your wifi cards.

Otherwise, check with larger files and report your results here. For such small files, the time needed for the handshake may dominate the actual transfer time.


Screen brightness of Dell inspiron N4050 is not changing

To get working brightness key. try following

press Alt+f2 , execute gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Change this line

GRUB_CMLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to something like below

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"

Open a terminal by Alt+ctrl +T, Execute sudo update-grub and reboot . See if brightness keys are working.

Let us know the result. And for second question it is preferable to open a new question. As the title something different


Somehow, you have broken dependencies, this is why zfs won't install. Do you still have zfs ppa active? Get rid of them by removing the ppa with the update manager.

With 16.04LTS, zfs is in the standard install.

Use sudo apt clean, then sudo apt update for a fresh start. Do a apt purge zfs* next, but make sure that nothing else besides zfs gets removed!

sudo apt-get install zfsutils-linux is all you need to reinstall zfs. Make sure to import your old pool by zpool import mypoolname, use the -f switch if it wasn't exported before.


Customize terminal size without launching terminal

Install gconf-editor:

sudo apt-get install gconf-editor

then you can find the settings here:

Set use_custom_default_siz to false.

Above in this window you will also find the two size values if you only want to change this:

You can also change the settings from commandline or create a script-file with:

gconftool --type Boolean --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/use_custom_default_size false

and execute it, you do not need the terminal-window to run a script-file.

More info about Gconf: How do I use the gconf editor?


Install ubuntu 64bit server to another server using ssh

You should really replace the system completely.

Only, if you absolutely have no choice and a gun to your head, you can check the following guide:
http://users.digitalkingdom.org/~rlpowell/hobbies/debian_arch_up/index.html

It's for debian but you need to be an expert anyway, so you should be able to apply it.


customized Xenial distro: better rebuild from scratch or upgrade from beta2?

Beta ISOs were just that - beta ISOs.

Rebuild your ISOs after 16.04 officially releases.  You get kernel updates and other fixes that way.


This happens when the bug report that apport thinks is the "primary" one for that crash is private, probably because it hasn't been reviewed for sensitive user data.  It's probably best to contact the bug squad and ask them if they can make that bug public.


Deleted linux partition from Windows and can't boot into windows now

To install Ubuntu press the key to enter BIOS options. The key is usually ESC, F1-12 or Delete. If you are unsure which key does it, try pressing each key one during each boot. After that, change the boot order and bring USB to top.
Now, install Ubuntu as per the screen instructions. This must also restore grub and allow you to choose to boot into either Ubuntu or Windows.

If you can boot into Ubuntu but cannot boot into Windows, then after booting into  Ubuntu open a terminal by pressing CTRL+ ALT + T and type in sudo grub-install /dev/sda Next, after this command is completely executed, run sudo update-grub.
If you can't boot into either OSes after installing Ubuntu, then boot into live USB and choose try Ubuntu and repeat the above process.


No Panel when I boot-up, after running "Remember Currently Running Applications"

Maybe one day it will become clear what is causing this failure of the Panel to auto-start, but for today, I've arrived at an effective workaround.

It is simply a matter of adding the command  gnome-panel to my list of Startup Applications.

It works.


Add the user that runs the virtualmachines, your login account for example, to the vboxusers group:

sudo usermod -aG vboxusers USERACCOUNT

Then make sure to give the right ownership to the www dir:

sudo chown -R www-data:vboxusers /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox

Please note that if you have different locations you'd have to change it.

If that doesnt work please post the outcome of the following command:

ls -la /var/www/html


Use find to run cp on those files:

find /home/gianmarco/backup1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec cp -at /home/gianmarco/backup2 {} +

This way, spaces and other special characters in the filenames won't be a problem. When you use command substitution without quoting, the shell will split the output on spaces, then perform wildcard expansion, etc. It's simpler to use find itself for this. Or see How can I exclude all subdirectories but include files of a directory in rsync?


Is there a secure way to pass authentication parameters for proxy to applications?

Sorry for writing long answer, but apt.conf is very sensitive issue of system. So it it necessary to clear all the aspects.

As far as I know ~/.bashrc and /etc/apt/apt.conf accept your proxy settings only if it is given it in human readable form, at most you can force them to read from a different files. I am going to exploit this. I will keep the proxy credentials to files that are not accessible to anyone but root/sudoer user. But one has to unveil the proxy settings to apt-get and/or software-center before use them every time.

Secure way to supply proxy to shell environment

Cut all the contents that you put into your ~/.bashrc in order to supply proxy settings in shell environment and paste to a file say ~/.mybashproxy. Change ~/.mybashproxy ownership to root and strip off the read write permission for group and other, so that only sudoers can access them.

sudo chown root:root ~/.mybashproxy
sudo chmod go-rw ~/.mybashproxy

Make the following alias in ~/.bashrc or in ~/.bash_aliases, I would prefer to use the latter.

alias begin_proxy='sudo cat .mybashproxy > .tmp; source .tmp; rm .tmp'

Usage

You have to enable proxy in your shell environment by begin_proxy command from terminal providing your sudo password. In this way nobody will know your proxy credentials. But after using begin_proxy if you allow someone to access the same terminal, he might be able to see your credentials using env | grep proxy command in terminal. To be secure do not allow anyone to use the same terminal where you used begin_proxy.

Secure way to supply proxy to apt-get

apt-get and software-center use the file /etc/apt.conf to preserve proxy settings . Create a file /etc/apt/myproxy.txt and put content of your /etc/apt/apt.conf in it from terminal by opening it as,

sudo gedit /etc/apt/myproxy.txt

next copy the desired content and save the file. Remove read write permission of /etc/apt/myproxy.txt for group and other as shown above using chmod.

Create a temporary file named say tmproxy.txt at /etc/apt/ and give read-write permission for all to it as follows,

sudo touch /etc/apt/tmproxy.txt
sudo chmod go+rw /etc/apt/tmproxy.txt

I am going to supply proxy settings to apt-get and software-center from it when necessary. Add the following line in /etc/apt/apt.conf to read proxy settings from /etc/apt/tmproxy.txt.

#inclued /etc/apt/tmproxy.txt;

except the above line /etc/apt/apt.conf should contain nothing. Now create the following aliases in ~/.bash_aliases

alias able_apt='sudo cat /etc/apt/myproxy.txt > /etc/apt/tmproxy.txt'
alias disable_apt='echo "0;" > /etc/apt/tmproxy.txt'

Usage

Before using apt-get and/or software-center you have to use the command able_apt providing your sudo password. Then all your proxy credentials will be stored in /etc/apt/tmproxy.txt and apt-get and/or software-center will be able to use it. After closing software-center or after using apt-get to wipe out proxy credentials from /etc/apt/tmproxy.txt, use command disable_apt. In this process also no one could see your proxy credentials unless you leave them in /etc/apt/tmproxy.txt by forgetting to use disable_apt

Notes and Summary

In the alias disable_apt the semicolon (;) after zero is important otherwise you will get errors "Extra junk at end of file" A red error icon can also appear on top right panel.
If you don't have ~/.bash_aliases, create one. And source ~/.bashrc afer making sure that ~/.bashrc contains the following lines,

   if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
    fi

Immediately after doing the above settings to enable aliases either you have to logout and login once or you can use source ~/.bash_aliases in terminal.
At the end of the story you have three aliases to use:

begin_proxy - to start proxy in shell environment. Lasts until terminal is open.
able_apt - to enable apt-get and/or softwere-center and to store proxy credentials in /etc/apt/tmproxy.txt
disable_apt - to disable apt-get and/or softwere-center and to wipe out proxy credentials from /etc/apt/tmproxy.txt

Hope this will be helpful.


How can I play metal Slug or The King of Fighters(KOF) 2002 in ubuntu

Assuming by "Metal Slug" you're referring to one or more of the side-scrollers, they should work fine with Wine ...at least if it's version 1.0. See this Wine AppDB page. Here are the details. The testing is pretty old but since it worked very well then, the same software will most likely work well in Wine in Ubuntu now. Test it and see!

I haven't found information in the AppDB for KOF 2002 or King of Fighters 2002. But you may want to search yourself, in case I'm missing something. Especically if you know another name for the software. Anyway, you can try it and see.

Assuming you have the Windows versions of these games, just install Wine (see also this documentation), then run the installers like you would on Windows. If you can't run them by double-clicking on them, then right-click on them and click Wine Windows Program Loader. (If you don't see that, then you might need to click Open With and fine Wine or Wine Windows Program Loader.)


How to create a deb package from a directory of python project which also need of other package/command to work?

Try fpm.

Installing from the docs cited:

$ sudo apt-get install ruby ruby-dev rubygems build-essential
% sudo gem install --no-ri --no-rdoc fpm

After fpm is installed:

$ cd server
$ fpm -s python -t deb .

Some customization for your particular situation. You could add "celery" to install_requires of setup.py.  Also fpm options --python-install-bin and --python-install-lib might be used to specify where binary and library files should go. Further documentation of the python source is located as well.

You might also need to create some sort of custom script to kick this off.


How to disable sticky edges in Ubuntu 13.04

Writing up an answer filling in some of the gaps in OP's steps.

First you probably want to follow the steps in this related question. The first did not work for me on Ubuntu 14.04, but these seem to have.

Where do I find a setting in CompizConfig Manager?

Advanced Search > Settings value will solve this.

overcome_pressure is in Ubuntu Unity Plugin. Set to 1.
Edge Stop Velocity is in Ubuntu Unity Plugin. Set to 1.
Duration of Sticky Edge Release after Break is in Ubuntu Unity Plugin. Set to 1.

Lastly follow Workarounds > Window Stickiness and remove Any.


Google Talk App Specific Passwords in Empathy

I figured it out.

In Empathy, there are two types of accounts that I could add: Jabber or Google.

If I add the Jabber account, I can't get it working either with my regular gmail password or with my application specific password.  When it tries to connect, it just hangs.

If I add the Google account, it prompts me to login to my Google account by opening an embedded browser window.  If I try to put in an app specific password, it tells me to use my regular password.  When I use my regular password, it prompts me for a two factor authentication.  I had assumed that that wasn't what it should do, thinking that it would then have to prompt me each time I logged in to my computer, but I can see that Ubuntu is authorized in my Google account menu now, which should work.

In other words, Empathy doesn't work with app specific passwords because it doesn't need to use app specific passwords.

I am still unsure, however, why it didn't work with Jabber in general.


I need a user that exists on a second disk (/dev/sdb1)

In principle, you can proceed as following. The details depend on where your other drive is mounted, the specific user name, etc. Anything you do at this level obviously requires administration privileges ("root rights" in linux speak).

1. Create the new account -The easiest way to create a new user and then have the home folder of the user on another disk, would be to first create the account using the GUI (Settings - Users). Then, a full default home will be created for the user in the /home folder, with proper permissions set and all default Ubuntu configuration in place. Let us assume the login of the new user is user. Then, a new folder /home/user will be created.

2. Move the newly created user home folder to the other drive - Then you want to move that folder user out to the other disk. A move will preserve all permissions and properties. To move with administrator privileges, precede the command with sudo.

3. Link to the moved folder in the /home directory - Then, you can create a symbolic link, also named user under the \home folder. That symbolic link redirects to the real user folder on the other disk. The terminal command is ln, so it will be something like sudo ln -s /<path_to_your_second_drive>/user /home/user. First argument is the target of the link, i.e. your user folder on the other drive, second argument is the name of the link, i.e. user under your /home.

Using symbolic links is by far the simplest approach. However, another approach would be a "mount bind". This requires an extra line in the configuration file /etc/fstab, where the folder user on the other drive is mount-bound to an (can be empty, otherwise you just loose the space) folder user under /home.


Apparently, the e1000e will become biased against certain traffic styles. See,

http://support.dell.com/support/edocs/network/intelpro/r231521/en/e1000e.htm

Whatever you're using for a benchmark (netperf?), pay attention to the type
of loads that are causing you the most angst and troubleshoot from there.
I don't have a blanket solution for you but that Dell doc looks like a good
start.


How do I always show the launcher (i.e. disable the auto-hide functionality)?

In my case what I did was this:

Install CompizConfig Settings Manager:
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
or
sudo aptitude compizconfig-settings-manager
or GUI tools like Software Center / Synaptic
Open CCSM with dash menu (Press SUPER to open Dash):

3. Select UNITY plugin:

4. DISABLE AUTO-HIDE

Now you HAVE TO log out or reboot the computer for this to work. Same goes when changing the icon size in the launcher. It does not take effect the first time you change it. Only after rebooting will it work. At least for me.

NOTE - Stopping the Auto-Hide will save some trouble with some windows like the Back Button of Firefox been underneath the Launcher when it "auto-appears". It is VERY IMPORTANT you update the system (Check for updates with the Update Manager and apply all of them). Reboot and then do this answer. This way you save yourself some other troubles that have been fixed already with this minor updates.

As you can see in all the images the Launcher stays there in a fixed position. Saving me some seconds each time I need to search for something.

NOTE2 - Using unity --reset will only reset you to the default config it has after installing 11.10. Same goes for the default icons if you use unity --reset-icons.


In order to search files via Sublime Text 2, you have to have them opened as a project.

The easiest way to accomplish so is to start sublime from the terminal using

sublime-text /path/to/directory


Help: Can someone please explain the "Something else" set-up during installation like I'm 3 years old?

/ is your root partition: main directory for your Ubuntu

/home is a user folder, it will be created anyway

/boot is a partitions where grub will be placed, should be primary

swap is for memory, same size as RAM, useful for hibernation.


How to fix shortcuts with USB TypeMatrix keyboard on Kubuntu/KDE?

The order in which you specify your layout is relevant.
Based on section (french) TypeMatrix#Trucs et astuces section or TypeMatrix USB-2030-B you can try to emulate a 106 keys keyboard.


Any application with graphical user interface to convert video files from mp4 to avi?

You could give HandBrake a try.
http://handbrake.fr/


How to combine a paritition with Ubuntu's paritition?

As you can see in the screenshot, the extended      partition (sda3) containing your Ubuntu partition (sda6) is locked; that's why you can't do what you want.
To unlock the extended partition, you need to unlock the swap partition (sda6) by right clicking and selecting "swap off".
Then you should be able to enlarge the Ubuntu partition to the left, and it is better to include all the available space there.


First, make sure you have the right release of Ubuntu. I don't know if the Acer is a 32 or 64 bit computer, but most of the newer Intel processors are 64 bit now, so make sure you downloaded the Ubuntu "amd64" version of 14.04. On the Ubuntu site, you can search for the hardware support matrix to see what version of Ubuntu is supported by that Acer model.

Secondly, how did you make the live USB? You might want to download "unetbootin", a good tool that will create a complete bootable USB drive. I found that fully erasing the drive first helps.

Third, when you power on the computer, go into the BIOS and make sure the boot order has the USB drive listed before the disk drive. If the disk drive is first, and you have a corrupted installation, the system will not boot up normally.


Ubuntu 18.04 brings a new minimal install installer option for a basic desktop environment with a web browser and core system utilities. Many official 18.04 desktop flavors are using this new feature too. The 18.04 minimal install option installs a true LTS operating system, the same as the regular 18.04 installer option does with the same period of long term support.


What is the meaning of the `|` symbol in the shell?

It's called pipe. It gives the output of the first command as the input to the second command.
In your case it means:
The result of sudo ps -ef is fed as the input of grep processname
sudo ps -ef:
This lists all the processes running. Type man ps in the termial for more.
grep processname
So, this list of processes is fed into grep which just searches for the program defined by programname.
Example
Typing sudo ps -ef | grep firefox in my terminal returns:
parto     6501  3081 30 09:12 ?        01:52:11 /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
parto     8295  3081  4 15:14 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/share/unity-scopes/scope-runner-dbus.py -s web/firefoxbookmarks.scope
parto     8360  8139  0 15:14 pts/24   00:00:00 grep --color=auto firefox


How can I access my http site (non-Apache) through https?

Is using ssh an option? In this case you can just tunnel the HTTP connection through your encrypted and authenticated SSH channel. Run at the remote client:

ssh user@yourUbuntuServer -L 10000:172.16.10.10:8081

Then, point your browser at http://localhost:10000

It is also possible to set up a HTTPS server that acts as proxy for your HTTP service, e.g. with Apache. However, this will hardly be less scary than Apache.


What is the GNU operating system and the Unix shell?

GNU is originally Richard Stallman's project to implement free unix alternative. All modern Linux distributions are based on GNU project toolset. In Stallman's opinion, they should be called as GNU/Linux, instead of just Linux. For example official Debian FAQ does this.

With Ubuntu, you already have GNU operating system. As of Unix shell, Linux is (almost completely) POSIX compatible, and similar to Unix shell. Obviously, you can select different shells (for example, bash or zsh) in your Ubuntu installation.


no, each charm is created on that particular release and it can't be deployed on upper release of Ubuntu.


I try to dual boot Windows 10 and Ubuntu but after the boot operation doesn't show hard disk to select partition

After boot on which OS you are not able to see the hard drive.?
if it's on the windows than no need to panic because when we dual boot our machine than you are operating two different operating system on the same machine.
In which drive you have installed Ubuntu you will not able to see that partition of the drive
in your windows.

If your issue isn't resolve by above information follow these steps:

If you have another issue than restart you machine and try to reinstall ubuntu.
If you are reinstalling the ubuntu than grub will give error than go to your BIOS settings and change the boot options set that option to the Windows than you will able to work with your windows.
After than just format your partition where you have installed the Ubuntu.
And try to reinstall ubuntu you will able to install it properly.
Using these steps.


Sometimes during an update the linux-image-extra fails to update, so you can use the Grub menu at boot to select Advanced options or Previous Linux versions to boot into an older kernel.

An alternative is to attempt sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-extra-$(uname -r) while in the bad kernel and reboot.

The linux-image-extra package contains all wireless and bluetooth kernel modules along with a lot of others


Where should I keep my personal files while keeping the pathname short?

What is the purpose of these directories?

lib: kernel modules and those shared library images (the C
programming code library) needed to boot the system and run the
commands in the root filesystem
etc: configuration files
var: files to which the system writes data during the course of its
operation
tmp: temporary files
mnt: the temporary mount points for mounting storage devices

  Is there any way to shorten the file path ?

Instead of call /home/shifar you can use ~/

  Is it good to keep my project files in the above mentioned directory?
  Or is there any convention ? like Personal files must be stored
  there... Softwares is better stored in there... like that.

/home/shifar is your home dir and dedicated for your personal uses. You can store your personal dirs, files in any dirs in it. ~/Documents may be a good place for Projects. ~/Public is normally shared to anyone in the network. So if you do not want to share, put your files in another dirs instead.


Missing HDD Partition After creating dual-boot with K-Ubuntu and Windows 7

From the situation it seems a bit clear that the installation of Ubuntu OS (K-Ubuntu,in this case) was never completed on the desired machine/partition. For if it were successfully done, there would have appeared a grub-menu for OS selection which would list all the Operating-Systems installed on the HDD.

Secondly, about the partition which was untouched during Ubuntu installation and still can't be seen in the windows-explorer, it is so because that partiton was made a swap-partition forcefully during linux/ubuntu installation. Since, you cannot access any partitions with linux files on it through a Windows-explorer thus, this partition also goes invisible when one tries to search for it in Windows-OS.

So,following steps would successfully install a Linux flavor on the desired partition keeping other partitions visible as well as accessible in Windows:

1- Shrink the existing partitions and create a pool of free space for Linux/Ubuntu installation and swap-disk allocation.

2- Create a New-Volume for swap purpose from the free-space created in the first step. This disk should have memory equal to the physical-memory (RAM)the target machine. For further clarification regarding swap-memory reservation check this thread.

3- System now must still have some free-space left (linux/ubuntu os will be installed on this free-space). This should be kept around 20-30 gigs. I myself kept it to 50-GB since i had a list of installations coming my way on the linux/ubuntu OS. Leave this space as free.

4- Make a bootable external-drive with the desired OS (K-Ubuntu 16.04, here).I would recommend Rufus.

5- Move up the extrernal-disk to the top on boot-priority list from the BIOS.

6- Restart the system with external drive in place and initiate the Ubuntu installation process.Manually setup the installation-partition and swap-partition. Select the 'free-space' you created earlier as the primary partition for Ubuntu-installation and hit next.

7- A prompt will ask to confirm if one wants to allocate a partition for swapping or not. This is where you have to hit the back button and select the New-Volume that was created earlier. Hit Install and sit back while the ubuntu gets installed.

8- Restart the system without the USB. A boot-loader menu will ask you to select an OS to boot with. Select Ubuntu and patrol the whole OS to check if everything it working smooth.

9- Restart the system and boot the Windows-OS. Check for the partitions you expect to be visible and accessible.

You would not be able to see the partitions where Ubuntu/Linux is installed and the partition allotted for swapping. Remaining partition would be accessible and writable permanently.


How to assign a fixed device number to a camera?

I'm not sure it can be done; but you can create a persistent symlink based on a device attribute (for instance ID_MODEL).

Plug in your e.g. camera and run

udevadm info --export-db > file.txt

then look at file.txt to locate the camera (perhaps search for A4Tech?) and find the ID_MODEL attribute.

Then create a file called /target/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-capture-device.rules and put stuff like this in it:

SUBSYSTEM=="video4linux", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="'YOUR_ID_MODEL'", SYMLINK+="a4tech-camera", ENV{GENERATED}="1"

Obviously, substitute YOUR_ID_MODEL with the value you found by looking at udevadm output.

When you plugin the camera, a symlink to the appropriate video* device will be created as /dev/a4tech-camera.

You can add a similar line to the same file for your capture card, assuming it shows in udevadm output and you can find an ID_MODEL or other attribute to identify it.


I think my graphic card is not being recognized properly

The OP answered in a comment

  At startup, when you are going to choose the operating system that you want to boot, mark ubuntu, press E, and change the words "quiet splash" to "nomodeset", if your graphics unit is nvidia.


ubuntu 13.10 black screen after installing nvidia optimus drivers

On a similar system (at least I have the same graphics) this worked for me:

First:

sudo apt-get remove nvidia*

then install bumblebee and the new drivers following this:

http://www.muktware.com/2013/12/install-nvidia-331-bumblebee-optimus-cards/18271

as far as I know only the 331 drivers support our graphics card...


First, check that removing and reinserting brings the card to life.

I would boot from a live USB/CD and check lspci.  If it still reports that the card is not available then the card has most probably died.

I've just checked ebay - lots of dell inspiron 1545 mini cards for less than $10.  Perhaps better to stick with a card that you know definitely works in your laptop model.


upgrade an old "kinda" broken ubuntu from a working lubuntu

It sounds more like you should be looking for a way to get flash working. 11.04 had MANY issues, actually rendered my computer inoperable until 12.04 came out (I was forced to use Winbloze until then). When I installed 13.10 I had the same issue with flash. The issue is that Ubuntu no longer ships with flash.

In the software center try looking for the package Adobe Flash Plugin. This should give you the latest version of flash available for Ubuntu. Your browser will need to be restarted after the fact though. You may also install the app in the terminal window with:

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer


You can use the Ubuntu-lock-on-suspend key in dconf.  If you do this, the screen will be locked after resume from suspend, such as shutting the lid on your laptop.  It will also lock when resul=ming from sleep mode, triggered by suspend and hibernate.

In a command line, use the command

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver ubuntu-lock-on-suspend true
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.lockdown disable-lock-screen false

--or--

Graphically, open dconf and navigate to /org/gnome/desktop/screensaver, and set the value for ubuntu-lock-on-suspend to True.  Similarly, set /org/gnome/desktop/lockdown disable-lock-screen to False


Using two hard drives is one of the easiest ways of dual booting. They will probably show as sda and sdb.

There is no need to wipe the second hard drive because Linux will format it as part of the installation. You just need to point Ubuntu at the partition you want it to install into.

You should let Grub2 to install on the MBR of DISK ONE, the Windows one. THe MBR is a tiny bit of the hard dist and you should have no problem.


transparent window when using gnome-shell and communitheme on Ubuntu 18.04

This is already fixed and should land in the stable channel soon:
https://github.com/ubuntu/gtk-communitheme/issues/325

Thanks for reporting, best regards


The display is correct, that is the file to edit. Maybe your default editor is vi or vim, then you would need to know how to edit with those.

To learn how to edit with vi or vim: vimtutor

To change your default editor, see:
Changing default crontab editor


Ubuntu won't load after installation (UEFI problem?)

HP 250 G2 has a stupid UEFI that that can not be disabled. There is an "os boot manager" preceding any other boot manager from hard disk.

Press F9 during start up to access BIOS boot menu order and select ubuntu (if ubuntu was correctly installed)


gnome-open confused: Could not display "/home/msw/anything"

This seems to be a bug. I've searched launchpad and found a similar report for unity dash

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity-place-files/+bug/751374


Partitions for dual boot install with Windows

You haven't gotten an answer for a while... On #1: Yes: (maximum of 4 primary partitions) and after you shrink C:, the remainder of the disk can be used as an extended partition, with many logical partitions within it. On #2, the Ubuntu installer is awesome and can handle it all.

If I were you, I'd just boot from the Ubuntu CD and use the manual partitioning method. You can't really share the location of your data files without losing filesystem-specific benefits. (Yes, we could imagine network filesystem exceptions.) But neither Windows nor Linux are going to be happy on a single system if you try to use one file system for all your personal data. Better to just make an extra FAT32 partition for sharing files between both systems. (In fact, you don't really even need to do that because Ubuntu Linux can read/write NTFS. But, if you want Windows to be able to read a Linux filesystem, right now you need to make sure that you use EXT3 filesystem on Ubuntu, because the tools available don't work with EXT4 right this minute.)

Have you considered running Ubuntu as a virtual machine?

There's a great Windows defrag utility called dirms that can move files to the front of the a NTFS partition. There are so many answers to this quesion... Does this help at all?


How can i resize/restrict a folder for users like Desktop/Downloads in Ubuntu

Based on the accepted answer at How to set limit on directory size in Linux? by Sergei Nikulov and the original tutorial, I've put together a script which can create a quota-limited directory on demand.

The script operates on the premise of creating a loop device with specific size and filesystem, and mounting the loop device at the user-defined directory.

Script

Also available on GitHub. Further development will be done there.

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Author: Serg Kolo
# Date: June 1, 2018
# Written for: https://askubuntu.com/q/1043035/295286
# Based on: https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-server-73/directory-quota-601140/

set -e

print_usage(){

cat <<EOF
Usage: sudo mklimdir.sh -m <Mountpoint Directory> -f <Filesystem> -s <INT>

-m directory
-f filesystem type (one of supported by mke2fs)
-s size in bytes
-h this message

Exit statuses:
0:
1: Invalid option
2: Missing argument
3: No args
4: root privillege required
EOF
} > /dev/stderr

parse_args(){
    #set -x

    option_handler(){

        case ${opt} in
            m) mountpoint=$( realpath -e "${OPTARG}" );;
            s) size=${OPTARG} ;;
            h) print_usage; exit 0 ;;
            f) mkfs_cmd=mkfs."${OPTARG}" ;;
            \?) echo ">>>Invalid option: -$OPTARG" > /dev/stderr; exit 1;;
            \:) echo ">>>Missing argument to -${OPTARG}" > /dev/stderr; exit 2;;
        esac
    }

    local OPTIND opt
    getopts "m:s:f:h" opt || { echo "No args passed">/dev/stderr;print_usage;exit 3;}
    option_handler
    while getopts "m:s:f:h" opt; do
         option_handler
    done
    shift $((OPTIND-1))

}

main(){

    if [ $EUID -ne 0 ]; then
        echo ">>> Please run the script with sudo/as root" > /dev/stderr
        exit 4
    fi

    local mountpoint=""
    local size=0
    local mkfs_cmd

    parse_args "$@"
    quota_fs=/"${mountpoint//\//_}"_"$(date +%s)".quota
    dd if=/dev/zero of="$quota_fs" count=1 bs="$size"
    "$mkfs_cmd" "$quota_fs"
    mount -o loop,rw,usrquota,grpquota "$quota_fs" "$mountpoint"

    chown $SUDO_USER:$SUDO_USER "$mountpoint"

}

main "$@"

Usage

There's 3 required flags:

-m for mountpoint, aka the directory which you want to limit
-s the size to which you want to limit in bytes
-f filesystem. If you're not sure what this should be, just stick with ext4 or ext3

Here's an example of how I used this script to create ./quoted_dir limited to 1 MiB (that is 10242 in Binary Prefix )

sudo ./mklimdir.sh -m ./quoted_dir/ -s $((1024*1024)) -f ext4

I've tested the script with while true; do cat /etc/passwd >> ./quoted_dir/passwd; sleep 1; done type of loop, which would append contents of /etc/passwd to the file inside the quote-limited directory.  The cat eventually errored out with:

cat: write error: No space left on device

and the file writing stopped at 909KiB which is just a little short of 1 MiB and would prevent exceeding the limits within the directory.

Further development

For permanent effect, the loop device created by the script should be added to /etc/fstab. This may be added later on GitHub. The script operates on a single directory, however this script can be used within another script for creating multiple limited directories, so it is flexible enough.


user does not exist in /etc/passwd when trying to change the default shell

My computer is part of a network using using distributed authentication so my user details would not appear in the local /etc/passwd file (but are visible using getent passwd userid). (thanks @steeldriver) In my case I had to do chsh on a core machine.


Dualboot Windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.10 w/ UEFI

UEFI is not completely pointless, but you have to turn it off to install Ubuntu 12.10 (32 bit at least) I'm pretty sure. And computers didn't used to have it, but it is safer. I did this recently, I think it was in the boot menu.

STEP 1: Seth is correct. If you want to install Ubuntu 12.10 in 32 bit you have to switch from UEFI to Legacy at least temporarily. He provided a great guide that was upvoted 46 times. Do that first. Once you've turned off UEFI you can install Ubuntu.

ALTERNATIVELY, if you have a 64 bit system you can follow this guide to installing Ubuntu in UEFI: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

STEP 2: Did you put Ubuntu on a CD/DVD or USB? You need to make a bootable CD/DVD or USB with Ubuntu. There are a million great guides online to do this.

STEP 3: Change your boot menu order so that when you turn your computer on, it reads the usb and boots from that instead of from your harddrive. This means you'll be running your OS from your USB or CD as you install it. This will also be included in pretty much every installation guide.


Cannot access USB drive - non-zero exit status 32: mount: unknown

ExFAT is not the same thing as FAT32; exFAT is an extended version of FAT, as described on its Wikipedia page. It requires a new driver. If the disk is FAT32, you should use the filesystem type vfat (or msdos if you want to limit yourself to 8.3 filenames). If the disk uses exFAT, then you need a driver for same, which is not standard. (I believe one is available via the Filesystems in Userspace (FUSE) subsystem, but I've never used it.)


How do you make Bastille work and secure Ubuntu 12.04? It doesnt work for me `sudo bastille -x`

You might want to check the /var/log/Bastille/error-log file for the output. Not certain that Bastille failed, but do know that you probably will not see /etc/inittab in the uBuntu 12.04 out-of-the-box configuration. Think that may exist in RPM-based distribution (Fedora, Red Hat, SuSE, etc.) but not so sure about that being in Ubuntu any more.

More than likely, parts of your configuration worked, just some parts did not work as expected. You should also take heed of the warnings within the Community documentation about Bastille Linux:

"IMPORTANT: Please be aware that Bastille Linux requires advanced knowledge, is site-specific and has several options that no longer apply to Ubuntu."

found here.

Might be useful to start with the log output and see if maybe some of the options specified were not applicable to Ubuntu at present.

Have a nice day,

freecode


I used this tutorial; it worked perfectly: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-an-openvpn-server-on-ubuntu-14-04


I think you might find what you're looking for in this superuser answer:
https://superuser.com/questions/242928/disable-linux-read-and-write-file-cache-on-partition

The code linked from that answer is no longer available at code.google.com though, but it has been cloned to github:  https://github.com/svn2github/pagecache-management

The instructions in that answer should still work though.  Hope this helps!


I have tried to answer your question as it stands: however please read this first

How to install Ubuntu software when you're an ex-Windows user!

and seriously consider whether the instructions you are following are appropriate and necessary.

In general, you will need to use apt-cache (or browse the Software Center) - along with a little common sense. For example:

$ apt-cache policy m4
m4:
  Installed: 1.4.17-2ubuntu1
  Candidate: 1.4.17-2ubuntu1
  Version table:
 *** 1.4.17-2ubuntu1 0
        500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

tells me that my system (Ubuntu 14.04) already has m4 version 4.17 (specifically, the Ubuntu build 1.4.17-2ubuntu1) and that it's already installed. If it wasn't already installed, then the package I would need to add to the apt-get command would simply be m4.

Sometimes, things are a little trickier. For example

$ apt-cache policy zlib
N: Unable to locate package zlib

in which case we need to do a bit of guesswork - let's try

$ apt-cache search devel | grep zlib
zlib1g-dbg - compression library - development
zlib1g-dev - compression library - development
libkaz-dev - Kazlib's reusable data structure development tools
gambas3-gb-compress-bzlib2 - Gambas bzlib2 component
gambas3-gb-compress-zlib - Gambas zlib compression component
gauche-zlib - zlib binding for Gauche
lua-zlib-dev - zlib development files for the Lua language

from which we might deduce that the actual primary zlib development package is probably zlib1g-dev; let's dig a little deeper

$ apt-cache show zlib1g-dev
Package: zlib1g-dev
Priority: optional
Section: libdevel
Installed-Size: 443
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Mark Brown <broonie@debian.org>
Architecture: amd64
Source: zlib
Version: 1:1.2.8.dfsg-1ubuntu1
Provides: libz-dev
Depends: zlib1g (= 1:1.2.8.dfsg-1ubuntu1), libc6-dev | libc-dev
Conflicts: zlib1-dev
Filename: pool/main/z/zlib/zlib1g-dev_1.2.8.dfsg-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
Size: 183378
MD5sum: baf554d3c4a2cc8b2d9a190c04e9e3d7
SHA1: b5c073d1a419915ed9c3047d2f04aaed24268c47
SHA256: d44332327123a4fef16ededcffac98ac0425402f9c2ccc8e42193b122f8a54b8
Description-en: compression library - development
 zlib is a library implementing the deflate compression method found
 in gzip and PKZIP.  This package includes the development support
 files.
Description-md5: d7f4e8a626131fc83c643c5d59096290
Multi-Arch: same
Homepage: http://zlib.net/
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Origin: Ubuntu
Supported: 5y

OK - that indeed sounds like the thing we need - so what is its version in the repository?

$ apt-cache policy zlib1g-dev
zlib1g-dev:
  Installed: 1:1.2.8.dfsg-1ubuntu1
  Candidate: 1:1.2.8.dfsg-1ubuntu1
  Version table:
 *** 1:1.2.8.dfsg-1ubuntu1 0
        500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

i.e. version 1.2.8, again exceeding the minimum requirement (1.2.3.4) of the software you are trying to build.


Authentication required by wireless network appears multiple times

One useful answer from that bug thread is:

  Workaround for not nm-applet asking for the keyring all the time is to
  go to NetworkManager (nm-connection-editor) & remove wireless networks
  that are not currently in use or those wireless networks one doesn't
  have access to.


From http://standards.freedesktop.org/clipboards-spec/clipboards-latest.txt:

  explicit cut/copy commands should always set both CLIPBOARD and    PRIMARY, even when copying doesn't involve a selection (e.g. a  "copy url" -option which explicitly copies an url without the  url being selected first)

Copy char command could look like this:

cb = gtk.Clipboard(selection="PRIMARY")
cb.set_text(char)
cb = gtk.Clipboard(selection="CLIPBOARD")
cb.set_text(char)

From the same link:

  Apps that follow these guidelines give users a simple mental model to
  understand what's going on. PRIMARY is the current selection. Middle
  button pastes the current selection. CLIPBOARD is just like on
  Mac/Windows. You don't have to know about PRIMARY if you're a newbie.


I had exactly the same problem as described above. I visited the website of the project Official site of Tuxguitar and downloaded the package for Ubuntu (x86_64 architecture). Then I run dpkg -i <package-name> and although the console showed some errors, the program started normally, solved the problem and even the sound was better. At the moment of writing this answer, I have not verified if every function works well, but at least for playing, it seems to do it. Hope it helps you!
PD: After this installation is necessary to run
sudo apt --fix-broken install

in order to avoid leaving broken packages. This happens because the version installed following this process is not within official Ubuntu 20.04 repositories.


what could be blocking port 5060 on my ubuntu 14.04?

The output you provided actually means that port 5060 is open and nothing is blocking it, because you got Connected to 192.168.0.5. But the connection got terminated by the destination host as soon as it was created, that's why it directly goes to Connection closed by foreign host. This is probably because the program that is listening on that port is expecting some data as soon as a connection was created, or maybe the program needs to be configured in a different way.

If a port is being blocked (or is not open), you will never see Conneted to <IPaddress>, but you'd see something like this:

Trying <IPaddress>...
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused

You did the right thing by checking iptables, but since there are no rules blocking the traffic, you can further verify that the server in fact has port 5060 open by executing the following command:

netstat -ntlup | grep 5060

You should see an output like this:

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5060             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN


Configuring 000-default.conf to develop multiple sites at once

It's a fair amount more complex than that.
You actually need to create multiple .conf files and enable the virtual host using a2ensite.

This guide should help you out. Alternatively, try using software like ServerPilot to do this all automagically.


How to install Arial font (and other Windows fonts) in ubuntu?

Simply run
sudo apt install ttf-mscorefonts-installer
sudo fc-cache -f

in a terminal.
After that, check with
fc-match Arial


Use du -s or a graphical utility to find out which directories take up the space. (If necessary, boot the installation DVD or flash drive and mount the root partition in /mnt or somewhere else.) Proceed until you find the unexpectedly large or numerous files, and report back.

sudo du -ms /* 2>/dev/null | sort -nr


Hide `cd something` when shopt autocd is enabled

This output (and a lot of other
  automatically-generated Bash output) is sent to the same file
  descriptor that set -x uses, so you could use:

  exec {BASH_XTRACEFD}>/dev/null

  to redirect it into /dev/null.

  This appears to leak a file descriptor into all executed processes,
  however, which is probably undesirable. (I'm slightly surprised by
  this... I would have thought the BASH_XTRACEFD file descriptor would
  be marked close-on-exec.)

Is what i found here but i am unsure of the consequences of this redirection nor do i know how to reverse it


How to display a QWidget in Ubuntu Touch using QML and C++?

Oh, it's actually from the the Qt Widgets. Qt Widgets can't be easily pasted into QML user interface.

There were some similar questions on StackOverflow: qt5-embed-qwidget-object-in-qml


Path in url to access var/www/html files

The IP address you typed in is most likely your router.  You can check your computer's IP address by going to a terminal screen and typing this command:

$ hostname -I

The IP you see will be the one you would type in.  To the prefix for a webpage is http://.  So you would put that in front of your IP address.

Type this in the address bar:

http://192.168.0.x

The x represent the number you find with the hostname command.

You can also alternatively type this in the address field from your computer to see the web site of your local computer:

http://localhost


How to switch monitor screens using keyboard shortcuts?

If I understood you correctly, you need to move a window to the second screen and backwards.

In this case the answer is  Shift + Super + Left or Shift + Super + Right for the opposite.

Anyway you can find more shortcuts here.


OpenJDK default options to always use the server VM

Assuming you have both the client and server VM installed, you just need to change the order of the lines in jvm.cfg to make -server first. You can find jvm.cfg like this:

find $(dirname $(dirname $(readlink -f $(which java)))) -name jvm.cfg

On my machine, it's /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/jvm.cfg.


I had this issue for months and tried a lot of stuff. As soon as I switched to the Intel graphics (with prime) using the Nvidia driver I couldn't boot my laptop. My machine worked well with the Nvidia GPU but since I wanted to get longer battery life and less fan noise I wanted to use the Intel Graphics.

I solved the non-boot issue by adding a parameter to kernel. It worked for me on my Dell XPS 15 9560 for both Ubuntu 16.04 and Ubuntu 17.04.

First make sure that you've the Nvidia driver installed and running (I use 384.90)

Edit the following file:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Find this line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Replace it with:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_rev_override=1"

After that, run the following commands:

sudo update-grub && sudo update-grub2

Select intel with Nvidia Prime:

sudo prime-select intel

Reboot and voila, it should work! :) You can double check that you're running the Intel graphics with this command:

sudo prime-select query

It should print 'intel' if you're using the Intel card.

Good luck!


Open "System Settings" and then "Keyboard Layout". Check that there is a Polish layout in the list of keyboard layouts on the left of the window. If there isn't, click the "+" button at the bottom left and add it.

If you have more than one keyboard layout added, you also need to check that you're currently using the right one. When more than one keyboard layout is added, a keyboard symbol with a two letter country code should appear in the bar at the top of the screen. Click this icon and select the polish layout. The icon in the bar should then show the letters "pl" next to the keyboard symbol.

By adding a polish layout to my settings, I can type ą, ź and ć without a problem.

From the "Keyboard Layout" settings page, you can also check that the selected layout is as you expect. With the polish keyboard layout selected, click the small keyboard icon at the bottom left of the window. This should show you a diagram of your keyboard showing which letter can be typed with which key.

Check that the Polish characters are where you expect them to be and that the AltGr key is labelled something like "Level3 ..."


(I suppose you still don't use Unity but Gnome 2.)

That's a bit annoying in Gnome. What I do is, I click right and choose Add launcher to desktop. Then you have the launcher on your desktop and there is a context menu entry Properties (so again click right on the new file on your desktop and then Properties). This dialog will present most of the available information from the launcher.

An alternative would be to right click the application menu and choose edit. There you see all entries and you can also select Properties.

If you really want to find out the whole path for firefox, this shell command might be useful:

which firefox

This returns the full path to the file, which is executed when only firefox is called. whereis is a similar command which locates source/binary and manuals sections for specified files.

Note that a launcher file is just a text file with the ending .desktop. You can drag and drop it to any text editor if the property dialog doesn't provide enough information.


Gnome 3 - How to open application from the notification area tray icon?

Install (GNOME) Tweaks by running

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Open Tweaks, under "extensions", there is "Ubuntu appindicators". Enable it and you should get that icons area.

If "Ubuntu appindicators" is not installed, install it first by running

sudo apt install gnome-shell-extension-appindicator


You will need to add the following selectors to gnome-shell.css:
.notification-banner .message-title,
.notification-banner:focus .message-title,
.notification-banner:active .message-title { color: #ccc; }
.notification-banner .message-content,
.notification-banner:focus .message-content,
.notification-banner:active .message-content { color: #ccc; }

Hope this gives you what you need.


How do I prevent pop up dialog appearing when connecting an encrypted disk?

I got this working in Ubuntu 18.04, so hopefully this will translate to 19.04:

Run dconf-editor and search for automount. You will see (2) settings, both under /org/gnome/desktop/media-handling: automount and automount-open. Switch automount to off.

If you need to mount these devices, you can always go into Disks and mount them from there.


I ended up sending the drive to crucial for a replacement. It seems that the majority (or all) of the blocks had been write protected. My research shows that this is somewhat common in the line of crucial drives (no source, sorry, i found this some months ago now and not about to go looking for it atm).

Good news for me is i was able to save my data and got a replacement drive, only worry is it having the same issue after a year or two of use.


[drm:intel_dp_start_link_train], too many voltage retries, give up

I have UX32VD laptop and found same problem. This realy comming up when switched to Nvidia.
Same freezes to me, so I do like ber4444 said Ctrl+Alt+F1 then  Ctrl+Alt+F7 then Alt+Tab.
Related bug seems to be fixed https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=74931 already by patch.