You commented that:

It gets a hangup at boot, it displays "press Esc to see startup option" and nothing happens. If I press Esc then it displays "press Esc to pause" and if press Esc nothing happens. Basically I have to turn off the laptop by pressing the power button.

The Ubuntu live USB that you made with the 1.5GB Ubuntu iso is not loading successfully, so try booting your laptop with the Ubuntu Minimal CD. The Ubuntu Minimal CD is less than 60MB in size, and loads the rest of the packages required to install Ubuntu during the installation process.

How to make an Ubuntu Minimal USB
It is possible to make an Ubuntu Minimal USB on either Ubuntu or Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 in Windows 10 using dd. While the minimal iso image is handy, it isn't useful for installing on UEFI-based systems that you want to run in UEFI mode. The mini iso lacks the proper files for booting the computer in UEFI mode. Thus the computer will boot in BIOS compatibility mode, and the installation will be in BIOS mode.

Download the Ubuntu Mini CD iso file for Ubuntu 18.04 and earlier from the link on the Ubuntu Documentation Installation Minimal CD webpage. Download the Ubuntu Mini CD iso file for Ubuntu 20.04 from http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal/main/installer-amd64/current/legacy-images/netboot/mini.iso. Download the file called mini.iso to your Downloads folder. You can download the mini.iso file to wherever on your computer that you want, but download it to your Downloads folder so that you can easily run the commands in the following steps without changing anything.

Verify the md5 checksum of the Ubuntu mini CD iso file that you downloaded by running these commands:
cd ~/Downloads/
md5sum 'mini.iso'

If you are using Windows Subsystem for Linux download the Microsoft File Checksum Integrity Verifier tool from the official Microsoft Download Center. The Microsoft File Checksum Integrity Verifier tool is a command line utility that computes MD5 or SHA1 cryptographic hashes for files.

Check that the results of the command match the MD5 checksum of the mini.iso file on the Ubuntu Documentation Installation Minimal CD webpage.

Get a USB flash drive, 1GB or larger. Delete all the files from the USB flash drive. Mount the flash drive using the Disks disk utility. Or burn the Ubuntu Mini CD iso file to a CD.

Check in the Disks disk utility to find out the device name of your USB flash drive. This is very important because if you use the wrong device name in step 6, you will overwrite your whole operating system instead of writing to the USB flash drive. So check the USB flash drive device name twice.  It should be something like /dev/sd* where instead of the * character there is a lower case letter like a, b, c, etc. In the following step I am assuming that the device name is /dev/sdc, but the device name of your USB drive could be something else like /dev/sda or /dev/sdb so check the device name of your USB drive twice and make sure that you get it right in step 6!

Open the terminal or Windows Subsystem for Linux and run the following commands:
cd ~/Downloads/
sudo -i
dd if='mini.iso' of=/dev/sdc bs=4096  ## make sure that the device name of your USB drive is correct!

The dd if='mini.iso' of=/dev/sdc bs=4096 command should take only a few seconds to complete on most computers because the mini.iso is a small file, less than 60MB. The result of running this command will be a bootable Ubuntu mini USB.

Boot the computer from the Ubuntu mini live USB (or CD). The Ubuntu mini live USB (pr CD) should boot successfully and show a menu screen.

If you select the Install option (the complete install, not the cli install) from the menu screen in Step 7, then you can select other options during the Ubuntu installation process to download all the packages that you need to perform a complete Ubuntu installation. Select the Ubuntu desktop package collection from the list of predefined collections of software in the Software selection screen in the Ubuntu mini CD installer. When you restart the system at the end of the installation, you will have a working Ubuntu desktop with the default desktop environment.


In Ubuntu 18.04 open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install qtcreator python3-pyqt5

Optionally you can also install python-pyqt5.


How can I specify the languages that apt-get uses?

You have leftover files in /var/lib/apt/lists/ from when you had changed the locales. Apt.conf is not used anymore, but Apt is building the config database from that list of files (among other things). If you look in the dir, you will see files with "translation" and "en_CA" in the name. The Ign messages are simply Apt telling you that the files are not needed and are being ignored. Harmless, but very annoying.

You could remove the orphaned files safely by hand, but it's much easier to remove all of the lists and rebuild them.

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf && sudo apt-get update


Combine Beginning Unallocated Space with Ending Ubuntu Partition

No, you can just do it.  The partition table will still list the expanded one as Partition 3, and you will have no Partition 1.  I have done this myself.


How can I take a screenshot of the current video frame in Skype?

This is not possible. The page says you need Skype 5.5 for Windows or higher.

You can use Shutter to make a screenshot instead. After you've installed Shutter you can bind it to your PrtScr key. Shutter has different modes (from shutter -h):

-s, --select=[X,Y,WIDTH,HEIGHT]
        Capture an area of the screen. Providing X,Y,WIDTH,HEIGHT is optional.
-f, --full
        Capture the entire screen.
-w, --window=[NAME_PATTERN]
        Select a window to capture. Providing a NAME_PATTERN (Perl-style regex) ist optional.
-a, --active
        Capture the current active window.
--section
        Capture a section. You will be able to select any child windowby moving the mouse over it.
-m, --menu
        Capture a menu.
-t, --tooltip
        Capture a tooltip.
--web=[URL]
        Capture a webpage. Providing an URL ist optional.
-r, --redo
        Redo last screenshot.

So you could bind PrtScr to shutter -s so you can select an area (in your case the area where your Skype video is displaying) to save to an image file.

To bind your PrtScr key to shutter:

Search Dash for Keyboard and open it
Click on Shortcuts
Click on Custom shortcuts
Click on + to add a new shortcut
For the Name field, enter Shutter
For the Command field, enter shutter -s
Click on Apply
Click on Disabled to assign a key
Press your PrtScr key
Click Reassign

Now you can use your PrtScr key to take a screenshot of an area.


problem updating user space IEEE 802.11 AP and IEEE 802.1

I had the same problem. I still don't know to solve this grayed out check box problem but if you want to have update version of this software, here is the solution:-

Open Synaptic Package Manager(or any package manager you prefer)
Search hostapd and uninstall it.
Then re-install the package and newly installed package will be the latest version.


Can someone recommend a Java ebook maker for mobile on Ubuntu 12.04?

I'd recommend Sigil (http://code.google.com/p/sigil/). I don't think Sigil is java based, but I also don't see the problem with this as you can compile sigil on any platform running ubuntu even if it has no x86 based architecture, if this is your problem (but I don't think so as you were talking about installing wine which is only possible when using a x86 based architecture, so you can simply download ).

By the way: Calibre is not a program for making ebooks but for managing and converting it.

If you have a x86 based processor (if windows is able to run on your system, the answer to this question is yes, however you can find out by typing uname -m on the command line, if the result contains "86" you have this kind of processor) then you can install sigil from a ppa by typing three commands on the command line:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rgibert/ebook this will ask you for your password
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sigil

Otherwise you could compile it from source.


Replacing rsyslog with syslog-ng depends sylog-ng-core

You have to install syslog-ng-core and syslog-ng at the same time:

sudo apt-get install syslog-ng-core syslog-ng


Backup failed on fresh Ubuntu 17.10 installation

I too had backups working well, and then this exact same backtrace occurred.  I'm also using Ubuntu 17.10.  I found that the microSD card I was backing up to was read only for some reason.  Removing it and carefully inserting it solved my problem.


After Ubuntu Upgrade, cannot connect to wifi(wireless)

Reinstall drivers.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-headers-generic linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential dkms patch fakeroot bcmwl-kernel-source

Reference: http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=11410285&postcount=36


I know this is a really old question, but maybe this will help someone still...

You need to export TERM environment variable before you execute htop. I did it by creating a script file and scheduling that:

#!/bin/bash
export TERM=xterm-256color
/usr/bin/echo q | htop | aha --black --line-fix > /data/diagnostics/htop-$(date +'%Y-%m-%dT%T').html


Not able to run Unity-2D interface in Ubuntu 11.10

To launch Unity 2D, you have to choose it at login, you can't call it inside a Unity 3D session. There is a sort of configuration icon on your user account at login that lets you to choose between Unity and Unity 2D.
You can see it clearly here:

http://www.chimerarevo.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/lightdm-ubuntu-11.10-tema-default.jpeg


12.04 Wi-Fi not working correctly with Intel Pro/Wireless 3945ABG

In 12.04, there is a iwl_legacy kernel module options that governs the blinking. To stop the blinking, add another file to /etc/modprobe.d/ with the following content - iwl_legacy=1.

step by step

Run gksudo gedit /etc/moprobe.d/iwl_legacy.conf
Copy/paste iwl_legacy into the file.
Save and exit.

The wifi led shouldn't blink after a reboot.


Installing Ubuntu on virtualbox with a windows 8 host

I had the same problem after updating virtual box to 4.3.4.
I think that there is a bug in the 3D acceleration so just disable it and it will work.


Firefox can render PDF via pdf.js - and uses excellent subpixel rendering.


Yes, you still can.  And it's quite intuitive using Ubuntu's Startup Disk Creator.  Search for it in Dash.  Put your USB stick in, browse to the drive, browse to your iso, and hit Make Startup Disk.  More detailed instructions here.


iptables: trying to block network access for all but specified users

The issue is your rule -m owner --socket-exists
You can see by doing this example :
iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner 0 -j LOG --log-prefix UID_ROOT
iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner 1000 -j LOG --log-prefix UID_1000
iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --socket-exists -j LOG --log-prefix OWN_SOCKETS
iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner 1000 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner 0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -j LOG --log-prefix WILL-REJECT
iptables -A OUTPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable

and with iptables-save -c | grep OUTPUT , you can see packets counters .
so with sequence you can see what's happend .
sudo  iptables -Z  ;
sudo  iptables-save -c | grep OUTPUT ;
/usr/bin/wget http://172.217.19.36 ;
sudo  iptables-save -c | grep OUTPUT

and in the file /var/log/kern.log , you can a tail with this
tail -200f /var/log/kern.log | grep -e WILL_ -e OWN_ -e UID_ /var/log/kern.log

You may need to allow another user for DNS , that depends what is you current mechanism .
On regular Ubuntu you are using systemd-resolve , so you need to add the uid of systemd-resolve .


No , It is click apps , more details here


Cannot upgrade Ubuntu 13.04 to 13.10 (W: Failed to fetch http://.../ubuntu/dists/natty-backports/...)

At some point you added an apt source for that natty-backports repository you see mentioned in your error. This repository is no longer available for some reason.

Find this; it will be either a line in /etc/apt/sources.list or a file in /etc/apt/sources.list.d. Then delete the line or the file, save, and try again.


It sounds like you either have a network/connection issue or a DNS issue. First, try to ping 8.8.8.8 (Google's DNS Server, as you already know)

ping 8.8.8.8

If you get a response, we can tell that it is a DNS issue. If not, it is a network/connection issue.

For a DNS issue, make sure that you have set the DNS as described. Check /etc/network/interfaces. You should have a line in your network card stanza, like this:

dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

Notice that the DNS servers are separated by a space, not a comma. A typical full stanza would look something like this:

iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.1.50
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        network 192.168.1.0
        broadcast 192.168.1.255
        gateway 192.168.1.1
        dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.8.4

After making the change, restart your networking service:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

If that doesn't work, please post the contents of your /etc/network/interfaces config.


How do I create multiple backup jobs using DejaDup backup service?

Deja Dup cannot do that at the moment, you are right.  And it currently doesn't plan to (the feature request bug is marked Won't Fix).

I've heard good things about Back In Time, but haven't tried it myself.


VLC, SMPlayer doesn't show other partitions

In the screenshot, only your root partition is shown. This is normal, as a lot of the applications present this exact screen when asked to select files as well.

Now, this might solve your problem:

Make sure you have the partitions mounted through Nautilus or other applications you would like to use.
Enter the folder /media/sakib. In there it should show the list of partition you mounted.

In the following screenshot you can see that my partitions are mounted in /run/media/cynplytholowazy/, and once you enter the folder you will see the list of partitions you have mounted. (It's probably in your /media/sakib folder)


Is there a way to limit traffic to just SSH?

Try iptables rules like so:

iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT  -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -j REJECT
iptables -A INPUT  -j REJECT

This blocks all in and out traffic except for TCP connections to port 22 (usually SSH). Non-standard SSH ports are also filtered. DNS is also filtered, so you might want to allow DNS ports (usually 53, IIRC).

iptables is not aware of the content of the traffic, as far as I know, so you cannot make it filter SSH traffic irrespective of ports.


Why grub-reboot stays at the boot-once system?

After some searching, I found the problem is due to the underlying software RAID that I am using. Grub2 does not work well with this type of RAID with bug reported.


I solved in this way:

1) unistall mysql-server

2) delete all configuration about mysql-workbench

3) instead of use .tar.gz on mysql site, I install all by Software Center.

Now it works..


Not enough computer space when installing ubuntu

You are looking at the space on your USB Live Boot which is 7 GB.

In gparted you need to look at the unallocated partition after you Windows C drive. Here in your unallocated partition you have 103 GB free.

Select the option "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows" and you should have no problem pointing the installer to the 103 GB empty partition.

If you need more pointers follow this Q&A: How do I install Ubuntu alongside a pre-installed Windows with UEFI?


Can't install gloobus-preview Ubuntu 13.10

The link above clearly says that

  Gloobus Preview is available for Ubuntu 13.04, Ubuntu 12.04, Ubuntu 12.10, and Ubuntu 11.10 from the PPA repository.

It was not available for Ubuntu 13.10. So that package not found error comes.


Wrong Screen Resolution on an Intel D510MO

I've had exactly the same problem using linux mint 11 (Ubuntu based) on a D510MO board and scratched my head for a while over it.
This is because the D510MO has an internal connector for a laptop display panel and it thinks that that is the display that is the primary and mirroring it to the vga output.
Unfortunately because nothing is connected to the internal connector it defaults the resolution to a basic svga.
What you need to do is go to your monitor settings if you have an applet for it and turn off mirror screens or same image on both monitors. Disable the laptop display and make the monitor the primary. Then all works fine.
I now have a 22" monitor and 1680x1024 resolution. Lovely...


Simple Answer

Reinstall Ubuntu

You've effectively gutted your system.  If there's nothing really important on it, then I'd just do that as it will take you about 30 mins to an hour to get back to a working system on standard machine.

USB key recovery

Alternate Ubuntu install disk - Fix a Broken System

You could also download the Ubuntu USB key alternate version and boot from it, and then select the "Fix a broken system" option.  This does a bunch of stuff like fix your MBR and check filesystem files.

Advanced answer

I've saved clients from worse mess-ups than this.

If you have access to another Ubuntu machine of the same type, or you can download and unzip the dpkg package for your architecture from your local mirror (e.g. https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/dpkg) then you could manually copy the dpkg program back into its original location.

As alluded to in the comments, this may not be your only problem.  Once you have some semblance of dpkg and apt up and running again, if you can, I'd install the debsums package and recommend checking your other packages against the known checksums of the packages you already have installed.

e.g.

dpkg -l | awk '/^ii/ { print $2 }' | xargs debsums | grep -vE 'OK$'

Then for each package mentioned:

apt-get --reinstall <package>

Then, after going through the output of that and making sure you have everything, I'd reinstall the ubuntu-core and ubuntu-desktop or ubuntu-server package also, which should bring everything back to a running state.


Ubuntu 12.04 : Uninstall boost installed from source

just looking at http://lists.boost.org/boost-users/2005/01/9444.php
which says to delete /usr/local/lib/libboost* and /usr/local/include/boost


You do something wrong when you are asked if you want to continue. Run the command this way:

sudo apt-get install -y libx11-dev:i386

The system will not ask for a confirmation.


Sound output is being heard from microphone

From the comments, it seems your 3.5mm to 6.3mm adapter is connecting one of the output rings to the mic, if you put a combo to two 3.5mm adapter in between it should fix the issue.

Example


16.04 Update killed network and USB connections

Experienced similar issue two days ago. Solved it by removing the latest kernel, like explained here: How can I remove new kernel versions after downgrading?


Why does my screen blank out for the duration of the Grub boot menu?

The graphical Grub menu does not appear to be compatible with your video card. So let's switch to a text menu instead.

Open the terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T
Paste the below, and enter your password when asked:

sudo sed -i -e 's/#GRUB_TERMINAL/GRUB_TERMINAL/g' /etc/default/grub

Then type sudo update-grub
Reboot and hopefully you get a text menu instead of the screen just blanking out.

  Explanation: Here, sed simply uncomments the GRUB_TERMINAL=console line, forcing  text mode


How is hardware (/dev nodes) accessed from with a snap?

Yes, you can extend the sandbox for a snap using 'interfaces'. A particular interface describes a special relationship between two snaps. For example, 'mysql' might describe the fact that a database and an app want to talk over a shared socket. Normally, they would be sandboxed and unable to see the same file, but if one provides the interface (a "slot") and one consumes the interface (a "plug") then their sandboxes are both extended appropriately.

In your case, you need to design the appropriate interface and contribute a patch to snapd that allows snaps to describe themselves with that plug or slot.

In the case of devices, we conceptualise that as the snap "plugging into the system", so the slot is notionally on the "kernel snap". Essentially snapd is the place to focus. Read some about plugs, slots and interfaces and take a loot at the snapd code.


How do I port a FreeBSD daemon to Ubuntu?

Use the --background option of start-stop-daemon. From the manual page of start-stop-daemon(8):

  -b, --background
  Typically  used  with  programs  that  don't  detach on their own.
  This option will force start-stop-daemon to fork before starting the
  process, and force it into the background.  WARNING: start-stop-daemon
  cannot check the exit status if the process fails to execute for
  any  reason.  This  is  a last resort, and is only meant for programs
  that either make no sense forking on their own, or where it's not
  feasible to add the code for them to do this themselves.

In a shell, programs can be backgrounded with & as in:

$ myprogram &
[1] 5042


Repair corrupt GPT partition table of OSX disk from Linux

The first step is attempt to make a backup of your partition. Plug an external drive and try to mount your system disk. You can do it from Ubuntu user interface, or command line:

sudo mount /dev/sdc2 /mnt
cp -a /mnt/ /media/live/usb (you might adapt the folder path with mounted location).

Then you can try to use testdisk utility which is a useful partition schema recovery. Basically, how can you use it from an Ubuntu Live USB.

apt install testdisk

Then, run on your hard drive

testdisk /dev/sdc

Here the steps :

* Select your hard drive then press Enter to "Proceed"
* Choose EFI GPT (seems you are using EFI)
* Choose Analyse
* Eventually choose Backup to make a backup of your current partition schema.
* Quick Search
* If the tool found partition, you can try to Write (be very careful of what you do at this stage as you might loose all partitions and data included - again be sure you have a backup).

Of course you can try upgrading your hard drive firmware, but not sure it's the issue. Looks like your partition sector is not rounded properly. I don't know where your OSX boot stops, but if any doubts, you should probably re-install your operating system by re-doing a proper partition first.


I had the same problem on K55V laptop. Thanks to some posts at Ubuntu Forums I found a workaround for this:

Headphones will work for you after shutdown and then startup of
laptop (reboot does not help).
Then headphones will bread for you after any reboot or suspend to
disk. Suspend to RAM does not break anything.

For now I was not able to find full solution for this problem but shutdown looks like good workaround. Hope this helps.


How to autocomplete formulas in LibreOffice Calc


How do I report a bug that happens during boot?

According to the finding the right package page:

  During boot If you encounter a bug with the boot splash screen
  (typically an Ubuntu logo displayed during boot), the package is:

  plymouth since 10.04 Lucid Lynx If the screen goes blank after the
  splash screen (about the time the login screen should come up), report
  the bug against xorg.

  If the boot errors or freezes even in "recovery mode", the bug should
  be reported against the kernel.

See also:

How do I investigate boot and partition issues?

for more things you can add to the bug report.


ubuntu package developing trying to overwrite config of other package

You don't. You divert them instead. For convenience, what I do is use a helper package like config-package-dev.  With config-package-dev, you give your configuration files some specific names, and the installation will automatically do the required diversion.

For example, if your package is named foo-bar, then:

Your debian/rules will have:

%:
    dh $@ --with config-package

Your configuration files end with .foo (for example, lightdm/20-lubuntu.conf.foo is created by your package building process) - the first word of your package name is used for this extension.
You have config-package-dev in as a Build-Depends in your debian/control. For example:

Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 7.0.0~), config-package-dev (>= 5.0)

This means that config-package-dev needs to be installed before you try to build the package, but not for installing.
In addition to the debian/install file, create a displace file listing each file which needs to be diverted. For example, it would contain:

/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/20-lubuntu.conf.foo


How to find time difference between two computers?

The command ntpq -np will output information about time difference between your NTP server and the sources it is synchronizing to (I'm not sure if this is exactly what you want). If you omit -n parametr (ie. ntpq -p) it will display hostnames instead of IP addresses (slightly slower, as it has to do DNS lookups).
The command ntpdate -q <address> will output information about time difference between your machine and the time source specified in <address>. The -q parametr is important, as without it ntpdate will try to sync time to the specified machine instead of just outputting the difference. It is possible that you need to type full path to ntpdate (eg. /usr/sbin/ntpdate) if running from non-root user.
(ntpq should be installed with ntp package, ntpdate is a separate package so you have to install it if it's not already installed)


Ignore Partial Upgrade -- Google Earth Dependencies

Looks like I found my own answer, so I'll leave it here in case anyone runs into this same problem.

Since Google Earth was working fine without the depencies that synaptic thought it needed, I thought I'd try editing the deb file to ignore said dependencies. I used the synaptic package manager to see which dependencies were missing, and then used the videbcontrol script from this great forum post to remove those dependencies from the deb file. I uninstalled the previous package via deb -r googleearth, and then installed the modified package instead. Viola, Google Earth still works great and synaptic is happy :)


How to install a minimal Xfce4 GUI on Ubuntu Server 16.04?

if you try with

 sudo apt-get install xfce4 --no-install-recommends

and you will get a minimal instalation for ubuntu desktop xfce4

good luck


For some reason grub has damaged your Windows boot record.

To install and run testdisk open terminal and enter sudo apt-get install -y testdisk && sudo testdisk

For help using testdisk look here. And for additional information check out the forum post here.

You will probably need to run boot-repair one more time after the damaged Windows boot partition has been fixed with testdisk.


How do I configure the lockscreen to use my PAM module in 16.04

I solved this on 16.04.6 by editing the /etc/pam.d/unity file. Mine looks like this:

@include common-auth
auth required pam_u2f.so
auth optional pam_gnome_keyring.so


Partitioning /home for desktop workstation (HDD+SSD)

The following steps describe how to mount the partition on your HDD
below /mnt/archive and then add bind mounts to the home directories
of two users, alice and bob. The home directories themselves are
still on another partition.

All commands must be issued as user root.

Determine UUID of archive partition:

lsblk -fs
NAME      FSTYPE      LABEL       UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
sda5      ext4        slash       467ddc36-vvvv-xxxx-yyyy-zzzzzzzzzzzz /
└─sda
sda6      ext4        home        a87c2c2d-vvvv-xxxx-yyyy-zzzzzzzzzzzz /home
└─sda
sdb8      ext4        archive     291bd44c-vvvv-xxxx-yyyy-zzzzzzzzzzzz
└─sdb
...

In my case, I have / and /home on sda and an unmounted
partition labelled archive on sdb8. For the purpose of this post
we assume sda is an SSD and sdb is an HDD.
Mount the archive partition into an empty directory, say /mnt/archive:

mkdir /mnt/archive
mount UUID=291bd44c-vvvv-xxxx-yyyy-zzzzzzzzzzzz /mnt/archive
chown root:root /mnt/archive
chmod 750 /mnt/archive

Create user specific folders below /mnt/archive (i.e. on the HDD)
for users alice and bob and adjust the permissions so that only
they can access these directories. Note that the directories are now
on the partition archive on the HDD:

mkdir /mnt/archive/alice
chown alice:alice /mnt/archive/alice
chmod 750 /mnt/archive/alice

mkdir /mnt/archive/bob
chown bob:bob /mnt/archive/bob
chmod 750 /mnt/archive/bob

Create archive folders in their home directories. Don't worry
because the directories are owned by root. This does not hurt
because alice isnt't supposed to put anything in that directory.
The directory /home/alice/archive only serves as a location where
to bind-mount the actual /mnt/archive/alice to and when it is mounted,
the permissions and ownership of /mnt/archive/alice apply.

mkdir /home/alice/archive
mkdir /home/bob/archive

bind mount /mnt/archive/alice to /home/alice/archive:

mount -o bind /mnt/archive/alice /home/alice/archive
mount -o bind /mnt/archive/bob /home/bob/archive

When satified, add the following lines to /etc/fstab to mount the
partition automatically upon boot:

# The /archive partition
UUID=291bd44c-vvvv-xxxx-yyyy-zzzzzzzzzzzz /mnt/archive  ext4 defaults  0  2

# bind mounts for alice and bob:
/mnt/archive/alice /home/alice/archive  none  bind  0  0
/mnt/archive/bob   /home/bob/archive    none  bind  0  0

Before the bind mount is done, alice will just see a directory owned by
root in her home directory. The directory is empty and she cannot (and
should not) put files in there:

alice@ubuntu:~$ ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Jan 25 12:51 archive
-rw-r--r-- 1 alice alice 8980 Jan 25 12:43 examples.desktop

After the bind mount is done (mount -o bind /mnt/archive/alice /home/alice/archive),
alice will see the directory /mnt/archive/alice in her home directory instead, including
the permissions of /mnt/archive/alice:

alice@ubuntu:~$ ll
total 16
drwxr-x--- 2 alice alice 4096 Jan 25 13:06 archive
-rw-r--r-- 1 alice alice 8980 Jan 25 12:43 examples.desktop

She can do whatever she likes in and with that archive directory and everything
will happen on the partition on the HDD.

To undo the above steps, use the following commands:

# undo bind-mounts:
umount /home/alice/archive
umount /home/bob/archive

# unmount actual partition:
umount /mnt/archive


Turned out it was a plugin. (GDP Find)

Figured that out by turning off my plugins one by one.


Try this.

0 1 * * * command > /dev/null 2>&1


You should install the proper display drivers.

Enter in System Configuration -> Software and updates, in the Additional drivers tab you should see a list with some Intel-GPU drivers (these used to be privatives).
Choose the most recent one and apply changes. Restart and you should be able to choose your screen resolution.


You shouldn't use "make install". Use checkinstall instead. That creates a deb package first so that you can easily uninstall afterwards.

My guess is that you installed it in a directory that's not in your path. You'll need to check the documentation for that and add it to your path manually. By the way; ipython3 is in Precise, so when you upgrade, you'll be able to simply apt-get it.


How to get the currently selected text
You can get the currently selected text with the command:
echo $(xclip -o -sel)

...but you'd need to install xclip first:
sudo apt-get install xclip

From man xclip:
-o, -out
    prints the selection to standard out (generally for piping to a file or program)

and:
-selection
    specify which X selection to use, options are "primary" to use XA_PRIMARY (default), "secondary" for XA_SECONDARY or "clipboard" for XA_CLIPBOARD

See also here or, as always, man xclip.

EDIT
Workaround issues with the last selection
From a comment, I understood that xclip outputs the last selection, even if there is nothing selected anymore (e.g. when the file is closed). That seems to be an issue in your situation.
Although xsel also has this issue, it can be worked around: if we make your script not only read the current selection into the script, but also write the same content to a file. We can then check if a the new selection is different from the last selection. If not, we can conclude no new selection is made, and the command most likely produces an outdated selection. We can then tell the script to pass.
An example (using xsel, which has slight advantages in this case):
#!/bin/bash

# make sure the file to store the last selection exists
f=~/.old_sel
touch $f
# get the previous & current selection
old=$(cat "$f"); new=$(xsel -o)

if [ "$old" != "$new" ]; then
  # if selection changed, store the new selection to remember
  echo "$new" > "$f"
  # do the action, whatever that may be
  echo $new
fi

No need to say that you'd need to install xsel:
sudo apt-get install xsel


How do I restore grub after I ran a fixmbr command?

You need to reinstall GRUB onto the working Ubuntu partition. Grab a Ubuntu LiveCD and boot to it.

One you do that, open GParted. We'll use this to discover your hard drive's letter and your Ubuntu partition's number.

Now, the underlined part at the top is the device we are looking at (my hard drive) where the underlined part inside the table is my Ubuntu partition (it won't be in the exact same place in the partition, look for an ext4 (or ext3 for Ubuntu versions prior to 10.04) partition). We need these two when we go into the terminal.

Next, open Terminal up and type the following in, replace X with the hard drive letter and Y with the partition number (these two are shown inside GParted)

sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sdX

So for my example, I'd replace X with a and Y with 4. (these will vary depending on how your partitions are setup, so do not use these unless GParted says that's where your partitions are at)

Let it work and after it finishes, GRUB should show up when you boot your computer up.


installing or setting up barry in ubuntu 12.04

I have no personal experience but there is information here

To summarize:

Edit /etc/apt/sources.list to include

deb http://download.barry.netdirect.ca/barry-latest/ ubuntu1204 main
Update your apt key ring with the new key

gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-key B6C2250E

gpg --armor --export B6C2250E > barry.key

apt-key add barry.key
Install

sudo apt-get install barry


What's your recommendation on drive partitioning schemes for a desktop and home server?

/  (i.e. the root filesystem)
swap
/home

The biggest reason to do this is that you can do anything to your Ubuntu install and it won't affect your music/videos/whatever in your home. I especially enjoy this when a upgrade to a new Ubuntu version and the installation goes weird.


Ubuntu 21.04 asking for password too often

Yes you are right I just had to turn off the auto log on. I had auto log on on just because Wayland which is on by default didn't allow for remote access. I turned Wayland and auto log on off and all works as normal.


Change Keyboard Shortcuts for Codeblocks on Ubuntu Linux

It has taken me many years to answer this question.

http://forums.codeblocks.org/index.php?topic=9091.0

sudo apt-get install codeblocks-contrib


You are missing a / before dev in your command

sudo dd if=antergos-minimal-2016.11.20-x86_64.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=1M

The command you posted tries to write to /home/josho/Downloads/dev/sdb which does not exist.


Python problem - 2.7 vs 3.5 confusion with apt

I have found the cause - /usr/bin/pycompile and /usr/bin/pyclean were still symlinked to the 3.5 versions of the scripts. Linking them to /usr/bin/py2compile and /usr/bin/py2clean respectively solved the issue.


According to openprinting.org, that printer will work perfectly with the epson-201113w  driver.

Go here and download the .DEB file (an installation file for many Linux distributions, including Ubuntu)


Dual Boot Ubuntu 18.04 and 20.04 Stuck at Grub at Boot

Ah the wonderful logic of Grub, that "feature" is one I despise the most. The if not everything present in the configuration it will not boot, even when it has nothing to do with the boot chosen. Boot with the Ubuntu 20.04 present using the 18.04 as the drive to boot. Once in the 18.04 unmount the 20.04 drive and disconnect it. Then it is a simple re-install for a newly created config file. The procedure below for a simple straight forward install. Then another page with many complicated examples of the grub command for Ubuntu.
https://itsfoss.com/update-grub/
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Installing


Shutdown logs out instead of shutting down

I found this issue reported as a bug for 10.04 and 10.10. Supposedly it has been fixed for those versions. Guess it was a problem with ConsoleKit.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/consolekit/+bug/554158

However, there appears to be either a regression or entirely new cause of this infernal behaviour in the 11.xx series. I inconsistently experience this problem on 11.10. See this associated bug report:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-session/+bug/838792


When logging in directly to an application, will the transmission-daemon run in the background?

The transmission daemon will works exactly the same on Ubuntu and XBMC sessions.

I think you should not try to reconfigure the cronfiles, try rather to use config files or gtk interface.

Cordially,


Have you tried 'wine regedit'? This will run the wine GUI regedit ...


Code to change an xml tag if a certain value exists

Clearly if linenumber is empty (because grep finds no match) then your command becomes the globally addressed s/false/true/.
Instead of trying to extract a line number using a regex match, you can just address your sed command using a regex match directly ex. sed '\#<example>false</example>#s/false/true/'.
However line-based tools like sed and grep are really the wrong approach for structured text - you should consider using a proper XML tool such as xmlstarlet instead.


Preferably try to fix your Hibernation function if its not working too.
because in similar cases with "sleep problem",seems hibernate is more handy and workable solution.refer to this post

Test pci=noacpi as a boot parameter
take a look at /etc/default/acpi-support , probably it needs some changes
and if you are lucky, this command can help you:

sudo chmod +x /etc/pm/sleep.d/*

all in all,it looks like this kind of troubles is related to hardware thing (Graphic Driver incompatibility
or Power Manager) so why you don't try appropriate NVidia driver for your OS distribution?


Unity Launcher Icon starts old version of a program it was not created from

To start with, fix it!

Open ~/.local/share/applications in nautilus. The directory ~/.local is a hidden directory in your personal folder. Press Ctrl+H (in nautilus) to make it visible.
Look for the launcher of your application, delete it.
Open the new version of your application, lock it to the launcher.

You're done.
Explanation; what happened

You launched the first version of your app, locked it to the launcher. This makes either Unity create a launcher in ~/.local/share/applications, or in some cases applications create a launcher there on first run.
You installed a new version and ran it. There was no new version of the launcher created however, since either your application or Unity noticed the launcher already seemed to exist. This existing launcher however points to the old version.

Hence the issue.


Customizing Unity Launcher with Launcher.qml

unity --replace starts Unity 3D - effectively you will be running both Unity-2D and Unity-3D at the same time.

If you are making changes to the launcher.qml file, logout and login to the Ubuntu-2D session for your changes to take effect.

If you post in your question what changes you made to the launcher.qml file, it would be very useful to others who what to also make the launcher transparent.


If all else fails you could purchase an install disk from the canonical store: here


From an interview in 2011:

Canonical founder Mark Shuttleworth is a big fan of Google Chrome, and says the browser could replace the standard Firefox in future versions of Ubuntu Linux. <..>
<..>In fact, Shuttleworth says, "We looked at it closely in the last cycle and the decision was to stick with Firefox in 11.10."
11.10 is the next version of Ubuntu, to be released in October as part of Canonical's twice-a-year release cycle. Chrome probably won't replace Firefox in 12.04, due out in April 2012, either, because that will be the long-term support version, making it an unlikely candidate for major changes.
"That probably keeps us on Firefox for another year, at least, and we'll see from there," Shuttleworth said.
If that sounds like a wishy-washy answer, Shuttleworth also made it clear that he is a believer in the future of Chrome on Linux.
The work Google is doing with the Chrome operating system, which runs the Chrome browser on top of a generic version of Linux, "is having a hugely positive impact on the performance of Chrome on Linux," Shuttleworth said.

So... it is up for discussion (as are all other default packages) with every release that is not LTS. This time around Firefox wins. Maybe next release it will be Chromium.

Why Ubuntu not shipped with more than 1 web browser.

Ubuntu ships with at least 10 browsers: you can find them in Ubuntu Software Center. There is of course only 1 default browser and as such only 1 is installed directly. In our case Firefox but you are seconds away from installing another one.


How to connect with x2go to remote desktop via public ip?

X2go works by sending data over an SSH connection. Port 22 is the SSH port. Your error message says that port 22 is not available on the public IP. To make it work you need to reconfigure the Wifi router to forward the public port 22 to port 22 on the laptop's LAN address (192.168.0.101).

Please ensure that anything that receives traffic to port 22 via a public IP is properly secured, because botnets all over the Internet will quickly find that port and start attacking. It is considered good practice to set PasswordAuthentication no in /etc/ssh/sshd_config and only use cryptographic key pairs for authentication.


Why doesn't XDG_DESKTOP_DIR directory appear in sidebar of Nautilus/"Files"?

I reckon the 'Desktop' entry was removed from the sidebar "for consistency" after Nautilus stopped providing the desktop icons feature (since v3.28). Even on older releases where Nautilus still provides the desktop icons, the 'Desktop' entry vanishes from the sidebar if you manually disable the 'icons on desktop' feature. Also note that on Ubuntu 19.10 desktop icons are handled by a GNOME Shell extension, not Nautilus.

Unfortunately, the locations to show in the sidebar are hardcoded in Nautilus. You can use Nautilus bookmarks as an alternative or otherwise you'll have to modify the source-code (refer to this and this).


Can I create a separate bash history file for each terminal profile?

I suppose you can use a gnome-terminal custom command for each profile, for example

bash -c 'PROFILE=default_profile exec bash'

or

bash -c 'PROFILE=screen_profile exec screen -U'

or similar.

Then in ~/.bashrc

if [[ -n $PROFILE ]]; then
    HISTFILE=~/.bash_history."$PROFILE"
fi


Easyest way is using a virtual environment and running windows in there.
You can install virtual box from this link.

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads

Once you have your virtual box running (type virtualbox in the console), Install what ever OS you desire in what ever storage you desire.


no partitions grub error from a dual boot from windows seven after deleting the Ubuntu partition

When you deleted your Ubuntu partition it corrupted the boot-loader (Grub). If you are going to go back to a strictly Windows environment then you need to repair the MBR (Master Boot Record) MBR and Grub perform the same function in that they look for a OS. Here is a guide on repairing a MBR http://www.tomshardware.com/news/win7-windows-7-mbr,10036.html Why may I ask did you delete the partition?


Try sudo top in a terminal. Then hit > or < until the Mem column is highlighted. The processes are then sorted by memory usage. Also, hit c to show the full command-line arguments of the processes.

You won't see root's applications in gnome-system-monitor. Most-likely, the other 3Gigs are used by root either for lightdm or another process - background stuff that has to run on your system for it to function.


From the comments...

At the login screen, hit the Tab, or Up/Down arrow keys, to select your username, hit Enter, enter your password, hit Enter again, and you're in!

Update #1:

Create another user account, with an alpha name that comes after your own username. This way, one account will always be highlighted on the login screen, and you can move between them, if required, using the arrow keys, as above.

To stop the system freezing, increase your swap to 4G. Your current swap could be on an existing disk partition, or in a /swapfile. Review/edit /etc/fstab for the swap mount command string. Search here on AU for the procedure on how to do this.


How to increase the primary partition size? I want to use dual boot but Windows requires 9 GB space minimum?

I recommend you to boot a live session, use the partitioning tool GParted, save the changes and then quit the Ubuntu live session without installing.

By doing so you can format your partitions as you want (be careful not to remove the sda1 partition but just resize it to make room - unallocated space - for a second partition or more).

Then install Windows on the new unallocated space or create and specify a NTFS during the Windows installation process.


Use the amd64-version, becuase your CPU (intel i5) is a 64-bit CPU.


Q1 and Q2

The way I know to do this would be to use cron to run a script you write that will check whether the desired conditions exist and then run an appropriate update command such as this (you might need to tweak the command):

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade -y

There are some scenarios that this might not handle, but with some tweaking and a bit of scripting, you could probably get things working nicely. But you'll probably want to remove update-manager or otherwise disable updates from the graphical environment to prevent a user-visible popup.

Q3

Back in the day, I used a program called apt-cacher-ng that served as a caching proxy server for updates and saved me on bandwidth. I don't know its current state, but at the time, it worked perfectly for everything except upgrades from one Ubuntu version to the next--the Ubuntu upgrade tool didn't respect the proxy settings.


Avoid using pysdm for now.

It's been removed from the Ubuntu archives for a reason:

  please remove Pysdm from Ubuntu repositories. It is obsolete (not
  updated since June 2006 !!), buggy
  (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pysdm) , doesn't handle
  UUIDs (which is now fstab standard in all supported Ubuntu versions
  !!!) and it has already been removed from Debian repositories.

I would suggest to find an alternative for using in recent Ubuntu releases. Also consider reporting this to LifeHacker.


Is it possible to fully install ubuntu instead of dual booting it with windows 7

Yes! It's very easy. You can just run the Ubuntu CD/ USB and choose Install Ubuntu from the desktop. Use the install option that says: "Guided: Use entire disk"

Keep in mind that this will overwrite everything. If there are things you need to keep, there is a more complicated option to grow your Linux partitions, but I have had bad luck growing them to the left. If you want more info on growing/ moving/ resizing partitions, here are some other resources:

How to resize partitions?
http://www.howtogeek.com/114503/how-to-resize-your-ubuntu-partitions/

I will add that if you would prefer to keep Windows 7 installed and just get things working better, that's always (well usually) an option. I along with the rest of askubuntu.com are more than willing to help however possible. I haven't personally had any issues with one OS affecting another; could you possibly have tried to run, for example, a .exe (Windows executive) file on Linux, or some Linux command(s) in the Windows CLI? Just some thoughts.


How do I work around sudo 'segmentation fault' on basic bash commands?

There is not a single answer to this problem other than it has probably to do with lack of memory. Try to see what free -m outputs and go from there. Adding swap space might solve the problem if you don't have enough.


uTorrent server only working with 'sudo -i' option

It is a really bad idea to run uTorrent (or any server software for that matter) as root, even if the linked post instructed you to. That is really bad advice. You should create a separate user using adduser and run uTorrent as that user. You don't even need to install it into /usr/local, just put uTorrent in the new user's home directory.
Is uTorrent really what you need? It is closed source and hasn't been regularly updated. There are various open-source clients available, even the default Transmission has a web interface.

Here is how I'd do it. Of course if you want a service etc. you'd need to look that up separately. This is just the very simple version:

$ sudo apt-get -y install libssl0.9.8
$ sudo adduser torrent
$ sudo cp ~/Downloads/utserver.tar.gz /home/torrent/
$ sudo su - torrent
$ ln -s ~/utorrent-server-alpha-v3_3/ ~/utorrent
$ cd ~/utorrent
$ unzip webui
$ mkdir maint torrents.queue torrents.active
$ cat << EOF > ~/utorrent/utserver.conf
dir_root: /home/torrent/utorrent/
ut_webui_dir: /home/torrent/utorrent/webui/
dir_active: /home/torrent/utorrent/torrents.active/
dir_completed: /home/torrent/Downloads/
dir_temp_files: /home/torrent/utorrent/tmp
dir_autoload: /home/torrent/utorrent/torrents.queue/
dir_request: /home/torrent/utorrent/maint
EOF
$ ./utorrent/utserver -settingspath /home/torrent/utorrent/ &
$ exit

Now uTorrent runs as user torrent, the web UI is available on localhost:8080/gui, user admin, no password. Files will be downloaded to /home/torrent/Downloads/. If you need to download to any other directory, make sure that the torrent user has write permissions to the directory. If you have a desktop interface installed, you could also run it as your desktop user.

You can stop the server forcibly by issuing sudo pkill utserver (which will kill uTorrent), or whatever the recommended way to stop it is.


Just setup ubuntu as webserver, what about my AMP setup on my other computer do I remove it?

You can relax.

There is in general no notion of "conflict" between distinct web (and SQL) servers running on different machines - given, of course, that they aren't configured to share the same IP address, which would be a problem in general.

All you have to do is, of course, to make sure you use the correct IP address or hostname for the machine you want to "talk to", e.g. in the address bar.

The closest thing to "migrating" the settings I can think of would be copying /etc/httpd.conf (the Apache configuration file) from your laptop to the web server and editing it accordingly, but if you are not familiar with the httpd.conf syntax and semantics things could get ugly.

I suggest you simply configure your web server by hand, using the original configuration file as reference - for a development machine I can guess it can't be enormous.


Takkat provided the answer as a comment, so I am writing this "answer" to close out my question.  Basically, AirPlay is not currently functioning with Pulseaudio without hack.  BUT if DLNA is available on your speakers, which they are on any old Android phone connected to speakers, you can do this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:qos/pulseaudio-dlna
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install pulseaudio-dlna
pulseaudio-dlna

NOTE: the last command  turns it on

NOTE2:  dependencies for pulseaudio-dlna are listed here

Then you can open either PulseAudioVolumeControl, or just Settings>Volume and select your device.

I'm using BubbleUPnP on my Android.  Please note that you need to turn on BubbleUPnP on the Android before you start pulseaudio-dlna, else it won't be able to see the renderer.


How do I upgrade from ubuntu 9.10 to 12.10 on my Acer Aspire 3000

the deal is, you don't upgrade it 9.10 to 12.10 because you can't. You have do this long way instead:

9.10 --> 10.04 --> 12.04 --> 12.10

of course it's MUCH easier to make a fresh install of 12.10

install windows 7 first then install 12.10 is the easiest and fastest way to get your dual boot setup.


Ubuntu 18 command to turn on and off a USB ethernet card

you can do like so :

First, run lsusb.

The output should be like:

Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 2232:1020
Bus 002 Device 009: ID 0bc2:a013 Seagate RSS LLC
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0a5c:219c Broadcom Corp.

In the output, find the device number of the port to be disabled. For example, the Seagate drive in the example has Device 009 - that is its device number. Then the id will be usb[device number] - such as usb9

Then, disable USB wake-up (do this only once):

Be sure to replace X in usbX with the device number.

echo disabled | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/power/wakeup

Then turn it off:

echo suspend | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/power/level

Undo this:

echo enabled | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/power/wakeup
echo on | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/devices/usbX/power/level

source :  https://askubuntu.com/a/750455/307184


Thunderbird Mail Merge conditional on field ending with a period produces wrong result

Alexander, the developer of the Mail Merge addon, contacted me about this problem and explained what I had done wrong.  Here is a summary, in my words, that should assist others with the same problem.

You have a syntax issue based on a misunderstanding of the documentation.

The conditional syntax is actually an extension of how variables are represented, rather than a separate construct. Therefore, the statement should be:

 Dear {{Job Title|$|.|{{Job Title}} {{Last Name}}|{{First Name}}}},

Notice the lack of curly brackets around the first Job Title.


How to install Oracle 11g Express 64bit in a 32bit system?

Unfortunately, Oracle only provides Express Edition downloads for 32-bit Windows, or 64-bit Linux.  You will not be able to get the x86_64 version to work on 32-bit Ubuntu.

Your options are:

Install the Win-32 version on your Win7 partition.
Install the Oracle 11g Enterprise Edition (which does have a 32-bit Linux version)
Install Oracle 10g Express Edition (which also has a 32-bit Linux version)

I don't think 10g is being actively distributed by Oracle anymore, but here is a site where someone still has a link to the 32-bit version of 10g.  I can't speak to how much longer it will be available (as the file is on this person's Ubuntu One drive), but it should work for now.

For the Enterprise Edition, you can legally use it (for educational or evaluation purposes).  But you will not be able to get patches and updates for it without a license agreement with Oracle.


Will the KVM enabled kernel work with LUKS whole disk encryption on 18.04?

The linux-kvm package provides a kernel to run inside KVM virtual machines. It is not intended to run on the VM host; use the regular Ubuntu Linux image for the host.


Terminal shows black screen Ubuntu 14.04

Janitor seems to purge a lot of packages according to this answer:

How safe is Ubuntu tweak's Janitor?

Post #6 from this link could be helpful:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1925476&p=11695832#post11695832

To list all packages that were removed you can use this command (quoted from link mentioned above):

grep 'remove' /var/log/dpkg.log

To install those packages automatically you could use a tool like sed to transform the output of given command to a suitable format for installing it with apt-get.

Or use cut and xargs like:

grep 'remove' /var/log/dpkg.log | cut -d " " -f 4 | xargs -I {} apt-get install {}

To avoid prompts you could use this:

export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
grep 'remove' /var/log/dpkg.log | cut -d " " -f 4 | xargs -I {} apt-get -y install {}

Of course if you want to see the commands you are typing you could as a temporary solution use a virtual console Ctrl+Alt+F1 through Ctrl+Alt+F6.


Docker on Ubuntu 14.04.3 always getting "[8] System error: no such file or directory"

I have solved this issue - it's worth noting that my docker and AppArmor skills are rudimentary, so I'm not 100% sure of what's going on here.

When I first applied the AppArmor solution (aa-complain, per session) it worked. I then disabled the profile in general for consistency across reboots (as advised on the Ubuntu wiki):

sudo ln -s /etc/apparmor.d/docker /etc/apparmour.d/disable/docker

When I deleted the entry in /etc/apparmour.d/disable, and just have the aa-complain set, docker starts to work again.

For reference, I set up a VM of Ubuntu 15.04 this AM and had exactly the same problem - this was how I found the solution.


If Chrome is the only thing affected, try this:

  To disable the hardware acceleration feature of Google Chrome follow
  the below procedure:

Open Google Chrome.
Click Customize and Control Google Chrome > Settings.
Click on "Show advanced settings" and scroll to the "System" section.
Uncheck "Use hardware acceleration when available" and restart Google Chrome.

If hardware acceleration is not enabled, try using it. In other words, toggle the setting.


You can make use of the ftplugin feature. First create the relevant directory:

mkdir -p ~/.vim/ftplugin

And second, add the line

filetype plugin on

to your .vimrc.

Now you can add language specific options to a file called <language-name>.vim located in the directory ~/.vim/ftplugin:

cat <<EOF > ~/.vim/ftplugin/ruby.vim
colorscheme myRubyTheme
set expandtab
set shiftwidth=2
set softtabstop=2
EOF

(This creates the file ~/.vim/ftplugin/ruby.vim and adds to it the contents presented.)

To determine the name of the language (as Vim understands it), open a file with the necessary file type (say MyLibrary.js) and type :set ft. For a JavaScript file Vim should return filetype=javascript, so the ftplugin for JavaScript should be named javascript.vim.

For a more thorough exposition read Keep your vimrc file clean on Vim's wiki page.


Both -r and -R are aliases for --recursive, which the manpage describes as:

  remove directories and their contents recursively

If you do rm -r file1 file2, the option is passed to both files. Since the recursion only applies to directories (you can't recursively act on a single level), this would do little more than delete both files.

If you do rm -r folder1 folder2, it will recursively delete everything within those folders and the folders themselves.

As far as how filename expansion aka globbing works, * means any number of characters, so *.QTFS means any file in $PWD ending with .QTFS and service/* means any file within the $PWD/service folder.

That being said, as long as that's what you wanted to delete, you should be fine.

Use -i or --interactive to force rm to ask for confirmation at every removal, or -I or --interactive=once to ask once if your command would remove four or more files, or would recursively remove files.

Use -f or --force to cause rm to silently ignore non-existent files, and to not prompt for confirmation before removing a read-only file or directory.

You might want to look into trash if you want an undelete command of sorts. It interacts with the trashcan, giving you the option to have a fallback if need be.


Recover LVM setup by reinstalling Ubuntu

Yes, but you must to be careful on setting up the disks during the (re)install.


My bad.I've just discovered that you can change Icon theme from Unity Tweak Tool.


how to create a debian package using "equivs-build" which can be "upgraded" if already installed?

The command you are looking for is indeed dpkg -i. This will install if not installed and upgrade if already installed. dpkg doesn't change user-modified configuration files.  It will ask you what to do about such cases (keep the modifications, discard the modifications, etc.) and it will always keep a backup of whatever you discard (the new config file provided by the package, or the old user-modified file ). Any file installed by the package in /etc/ is considered by dpkg as a configuration file.


How I can customize the Ubuntu Live ISO installer using Cubic (add, remove, and upgrade packages and set language)?

Install Cubic
First, make sure you have the latest version of Cubic following the instructions at the Cubic web page.
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:cubic-wizard/release
sudo apt update
sudo apt install cubic

Launch Cubic
Navigate to the Terminal page.

Add the necessary repositories
add-apt-repository --yes main
add-apt-repository --yes restricted
add-apt-repository --yes universe
add-apt-repository --yes multiverse

Remove your existing packages.
apt autoremove --purge totem rhythmbox

You should probably leave the English language packages and let them automatically be removed by the installer after installation of the OS (see step 8 below).

Upgrade packages
apt upgrade

Add your new packages
apt install vlc audacious mc rar unrar

Install your language packages
(You will find these are already installed in the Live ISO).
apt install language-pack-es language-pack-es-base language-pack-gnome-es language-pack-gnome-es-base

Update permissions
I recommend being very careful when doing this. Making files inside /etc accessible to all users may cause your system to not boot, because some files must only be readable by root.
As an example, you can change permissions for /etc/network and all files or directories in it to 777:
cd /etc/
chmod -R u+rw,g+rw,o+rw network

Tell the Ubiquity installer to not remove your language packages
Navigate to the Packages page.
Click (anywhere) on the list, and begin typing the word "language" to search for packages that begin with this word.
Uncheck the following four packages:

language-pack-es
language-pack-es-base
language-pack-gnome-es
language-pack-gnome-es-base

This will ensure that the installer does not remove your language packages. This is not strictly necessary, since we will select your language and locale in the preseed below (step 9), but it is a good measure nevertheless.
You will also notice that the English language packages are flagged (check-marked) to be automatically removed by the installer after installation of your customized OS (if English is not selected as your default language).

Select your default language and locale
Navigate to the Options page, and select the Preseed tab.
Click on /preseed/ubuntu.seed in the left pane.
Configure your locale and language by appending the following text at the end of this file. (Note that "es" = Spanish, and "CU" = Cuba).
# Set language, country and locale.
d-i debian-installer/language string es
d-i debian-installer/country string CU
d-i debian-installer/locale string es_CU.UTF-8

# Specify additional locales to be generated.
d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect es_CU.UTF-8

# Set keyboard layout.
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select es

# Set time zone and region.
d-i time/zone string America/Havana
d-i debian-installer/region string es_CU.UTF-8

Optionally, if you want multiple locales generated, separate them with commas as show here:
# Specify additional locales to be generated.
d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect es_CU.UTF-8, fr_CH.UTF-8, en_US.UTF-8

Here are some references if you are configuring different languages or locales:

List of ISO 639-1 Language Codes
List of ISO 3166-1 County Codes
List of Ubuntu Time Zones

Generate your customized ISO
Finally, navigate to Cubic's Generate page to create your customized ISO.


Now that 11.04 is out will 10.04 still upgrade to 10.10?

Your box will still prompt you for 10.10.

If you skip a release you have to upgrade to that first before going on to the next one. The one exception where skipping works is LTS-to-LTS upgrades.

Can I skip over releases when upgrading?


(Xubuntu) How to set the wallpaper using the command line?

In Xfce land, that's

xfconf-query --channel xfce4-desktop --property /backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-path --set /usr/share/backgrounds/xfce/xfce-blue.jpg

(Substitute the file path you want, of course.)

xfconf-query --channel xfce4-desktop --list

lists all related properties, in case screen0/monitor0 isn't the one.


How can I see what process spiked CPU usage and froze the system a few seconds ago?

To get past history of CPU utilization is not possible unless one is monitoring the system with a tool that captures CPU activity. One method is to run cpustat and capture the output and see where the CPU utilization is occurring, for example:

sudo apt-get install cpustat
cpustat -xS | tee cpu.log

and when you get a slowdown one can view cpu.log and see what was busy running.


From discussions on various forums, the consensus online seems to be that ~65 degrees C is an OK temperature for a video card, and is certainly not dangerous for the hardware.

Here's one explanation of temperature on the infamous Tom's Hardware forum:

  Anything below 90C would not damage the card. The ideal is to have it below 80C and the best is for it not to run over 70C [...] It should be fine. Don't worry about temperature until it reach over 80C and around 50C when idle.

http://www.tomshardware.com/answers/id-1744939/safe-graphics-card-temperature.html

On this forum, some users report temperatures of 60 degrees C even when the graphics card isn't doing anything (is idle):
http://www.gamespot.com/forums/pc-mac-linux-society-1000004/whats-average-graphics-card-temperature-25886452/

If you'd like to lower the temperature of the graphics card, the easiest effective way is to open up your computer and blow out the dust! Also make sure there is nothing blocking the airflow both inside and outside your computer.


Unable to establish SSH connection with UbuntuPhone with phablet-shell

So, for an ssh connection you will need a set of keys, a running ssh server on the host device, and a client to log in with.

Be sure that the files in which the keys reside, have the correct permissions for your purpose. It might also be necessary for those files to be kept in a particular directory. The adb-shell will help you do this if phablet-shell has snags.

Worth noting that the ubuntu 14.04 phablet-tools package does not have a phablet-shell binary, so you might need to look around for an updated package.

The ssh-keygen command will generate keys for you (read the manpage).
If the usb cable is not necessary, and you have wifi working on the phablet, then you could try using the terminal app to set things up... getting PUBLIC keys into .ssh/authorized_keys can be done by pasting from e'mail if all else fails (typing them in would be a drag).

2222 is a port number.

Maybe try this:  http://sturmflut.github.io/ubuntu/touch/2015/05/08/hacking-ubuntu-touch-part-5-adb-shell-vs-phablet-shell/

You might also like this answer: How can I access my Ubuntu phone over ssh?


What is ~/bin and why does it exist ?

~/bin is for user's own scripts and executables. It's not system-critical and not specified by any standard, unlike /usr/bin. To quote Debian documentation:

  /bin/

  Essential command executable (binaries) for all users (e.g., cat, ls, cp)
  (especially files required to boot or rescue the system)

  ...

  /usr/

  Secondary hierarchy for shareable, read-only data (formerly from UNIX source repository, now from UNIX system resources)
  (files that are not-required to boot or rescue the system)

  /usr/bin/ : Same as for top-level hierarchy

See also Categorize the File Hierarchy System.

The directory is added to user's PATH variable (which is what is referenced when you call commands by name instead of full pathname, e.g. bash vs /bin/bash). The purpose is to allow user call their own private scripts and executables by name. Specifically, that's handled in ~/.profile:

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

The ~/.profile is read and executed ( and therefore the directory is added )  when the shell is used as login shell or according to geirha's answer when logging into GNOME-based desktop.

Mostly, what it contains is defined by the users themselves. It is quite possible that 3rd party software could place scripts there, though I've not come across such cases yet.

What to do about the deleted ~/bin ?

As mentioned before, the directory is not system critical. Unless you yourself placed something system-significant there (which is probably a bad idea and not practical), it could cause issues within the scope of what was actually done. Otherwise, there's essentially no effect, just like when you remove any other non-critical directory. If it was empty or you have backup of files it contained, there's no need to do anything else. You can recreate it either via file manager or command-line with mkdir ~/bin.

If you had your own scripts/programs there, you could try recovering them. See How to recover deleted files?, Tool for recovering deleted data from a flash drive, and Unix/Linux undelete/recover deleted files. There are multiple selections of utilities. Note, that it is assumed you have default ext4 filesystem. In case you have something else, the filesystem may have its own specific utilities for recovering files, such as for btrfs. For future, you can consider doing backups of the directories and files. See What's a good back-up strategy for 1 desktop PC?


I read on the Dell Inspiron 5520 Ubuntu certification page that:

  Standard images of Ubuntu may not work at all on the system or may not work well, though Canonical and computer manufacturers will try to certify the system with future standard releases of Ubuntu.

On the other hand, if you laptop came with 12.04 pre-installed, why not try upgrade the system with do-release-upgrade?


Sound doesnt work, after installing GPU Ubuntu 13.04

Open a Terminal and type in alsamixer

Use your arrow keys to navigate through the menu... To Select your sound card press F6. A new window should pop up. Select the new sound card and press enter.

After that you should be able to enjoy your music again :)


Cron job not working: importing to calcurse

You have an incorrect application link: /usr/bin/sh which should be /bin/sh


sda1 is the ESP (EFI System Partition). Do not confuse it with a    /boot partition. The ESP is OS agnostic and required for any UEFI enabled computer with at least one OS in UEFI mode. It could be smaller but 500MB is quite common and the de facto standard among many major brands.
sda2 is manufacturer specific and holds the software to run diagnostics, often available from the UEFI menu and/or the one time boot menu.
sda3 is a Microsoft Reserved Partition (no comments).
sda4 is manufacturer specific and holds the recovery tools.
sda5 Windows (no comments).
sda6 is another recovery partition specific to Windows 10.
sda7 NTFS shared data partition.
sda8 Ubuntu /(root)
sda9 swap
sda10 Recovery partition - Holds the full recovery image intended to restore factory defaults.


ssh as socks proxy - channel 5: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused

I can't speak to your specific errors, but the reason you're seeing them is because your browser is trying to make connections that your SSH server will not allow. The SOCKS5 proxy I'm using is throwing tons of errors because I have 13,000+ entries in my /etc/hosts file to resolve ad servers as 0.0.0.0, and every time it tries to load an ad, an error is thrown, as 0.0.0.0 refuses the connection. I find it quite satisfying actually.


As described here:

  View Time

  To view the current date and time, the following command will be
  enough

date

  Set Time

  To change time means to set a new time. To set time in Ubuntu (or any
  Linux), just run the following command

sudo date newdatetimestring

  where newdatetimestring has to follow the format nnddhhmmyyyy.ss
  which is described below

nn is a two digit month, between 01 to 12
dd is a two digit day, between 01 and 31, with the regular rules for days according to month and year applying
hh is two digit hour, using the 24-hour period so it is between 00 and 23
mm is two digit minute, between 00 and 59
yyyy is the year; it can be two digit or four digit: your choice. I prefer to use four digit years whenever I can for better clarity and less confusion
ss is two digit seconds. Notice the period ‘.’ before the ss.

  Let’s say you want to set your computer’s new time to December 6,
  2007, 22:43:55, then you would use:

sudo date 120622432007.55

Example:

$ sudo date 120622432007.55
[sudo] password for xyz:
Thu Dec  6 22:43:55 IST 2007
$ date
Thu Dec  6 22:43:56 IST 2007
$


Try updating the nvidia drivers to the latest versions like 390 etc. Also, try sudo update-pciids and reboot, which updates the ID of existing GPU machine.


How to take screenshot of indicator menus?

Try the Screenshot application included with 12.04

Open the Dash and type screenshot

With this application you can set a delay, by adjusting the value in the "Grab after a delay of" box, before it will automatically take a screenshot allowing you to open the menu you want a picture of.


apt-cache policy libgtk2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 (optionally pipe to grep Installed)

or

dpkg -l libgtk2.0-0 libgtk-3-0


Lubuntu: Make Control+Alt+T open a new terminal on top of all windows?

I had this problem as well, I fixed it by adding this to my ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml:

  <applications>
    <application name="lxterminal">
      <focus>yes</focus>
    </application>
    .....

This also fixes it for when you press F4 from pcmanfm.


Building xvidcap on Ubuntu 14.04 - undefined reference to symbol 'XGetWindowAttributes'

Try this: LIBS="-lX11 -ldl -lXext -lz" ./configure


Copy to RAM and then to the USB pendrive

What you see is that the copy process writes to a buffer in RAM, and then the copy process will be busy with the next step, to write from the buffer to the USB pendrive's memory cells. Different versions of Ubuntu have different 'break-points' where the buffering is stopped and the writing to the USB drive starts and sets the copying speed.

I have seen this behaviour in several versions of Ubuntu and how it may vary from one version to the next one. It is very obvious, when creating USB boot drives with mkusb. This is illustrated with the following output from mkusb, when writing to a Sandisk Extreme USB 3 pendrive in Ubuntu 17.10,

...
Installing 'lubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso' to '/dev/sdb' ... :

< "lubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso" pv -s 896532480 | dd bs=4096  of=/dev/sdb
 Please wait for sync until 'Done' is written
 (flushing file system buffers to the device)
 855MiB 0:00:05 [ 150MiB/s] [===========================================>] 100%
218880+0 records in
218880+0 records out
896532480 bytes (897 MB, 855 MiB) copied, 19,4446 s, 46,1 MB/s
Syncing the device ...
 Done :-)
p_clean:
live system or temporary superuser permissions
clean if necessary and return

sync

In this case it is important that the buffers are flushed so that you can be sure that the writing to the USB drive has finished, and you can unplug the USB pendrive. You can use the command

sync

for this purpose. When the shell returns to prompt, sync has finished, and the buffers are flushed.

When you have written a file to a file system and unmount that file system, sync is run automatically before the file system (partition) is unmounted. But when you clone from an iso file to a USB pendrive, there is no mounted file system in the target drive, and you should use sync.

Look for fast USB 3 pendrives

There are big differences in write speed between USB pendrives. Some USB 3 pendrives are quite fast, while others are not much faster than USB 2 pendrives. If you want fast writing, you can get useful tips via this link,

help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick#Notes_about_speed

Restore speed by wiping the whole device

When old pendrives get slower (typically reduce the writing speed to half), I wipe the whole device with mkusb (overwrite with zeros). That way I can recover the original (or near original) write speed. I think it is a way to relieve the internal management of the memory cells (connecting logical cells with physical cells, maybe by releasing cells that have been written to seldom because they have been storing data). But don't do it too often, because of the wear.


Does Nexus Mod Manager work with ubuntu?

"A tool for managing, downloading, and installing mods for many of Bethesda's games." in case anyone wonders.

Nope. There is no native client and even Wine HQ shows a garbage rating or gold

2012 topic: How to get Nexus Mod Manager working on Wine? says: no. Though WineHQ has a working beta on 12.04 there are 2 problems here: beta so limited useable (and 2012 3 years ago), and 12.04.
2013 topic on nexusmods says: no.


Replacing Windows with Linux on Old Computer

You can easily run Ubuntu 12.10 on your system!  I have an old compaq with only 1Gb ddr2 RAM, and onboard video.  Used to run vista (very slowly) It runs awesome with Ubuntu!  I browse the web on it all day, play 720p HD vids from youtube, play pandora radio etc.

You'll be able to wipe the drive during setup, as long as you're not attached to your data that's on the drive.

All you need to do is to get the ISO file, and make a CD with it.  You'll love it!


mesa is a source, not a package. Read the ppa page before using or even adding to your sources - https://launchpad.net/~xorg-edgers/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

In particular -

This PPA is currently meant to be used as a whole. Please do _not_ individually install packages from it, add it to your sources and let your package manager pull in every update

It's also possible that as far as 14.04 the ppa can only be used with an install from 14.04/14.04.1 images. 14.04.2 & 14.04.3 may not be suitable candidates for that ppa.


Checksums do not match when creating a bootable USB stick

Using a Kingston 4GB Data Traveler USB stick I was getting the same checksum error.

Then as Jordon Bedwell (above) suggested I dropped the persistence file from 1GB down to 256MB and it went through without a hitch; or the checksum error popping up.

Used USB Startup Disk Creator from the menu. Using Ubuntu 10.04 LTS to make a 11.04 USB.

Thanks Jordon


check your   /etc/rc.local file.This is file which is default startup file for ubuntu.
Whenever system reboots, it will run this file.check if this file is having any script or any command regarding those terminal window and document viewer.


What customisation options are available for the new unity launcher?

Is it possible to modify:

The size of launcher, (smaller than 32 px? bigger than 64?)?

No.

The position of the launcher?

No.

The colour and opacity?

Colour: no. Opacity: yes.

Item organization, (move items freely anywhere in the launcher, as workspaces for ex.*)?

No. This seems to have been postponed or decided against.

Is any kind of other modification available.

Yes.

It is now possible to enable edge illumination.
Dynamic quicklists are supported when using libunity.

What tools do I need to install to perform these changes?

As before, you need to install (Compiz Config Settings Manager) ccsm .

Screenshot:

You can move any icons except the Dash, Workspace switcher, Mounted drives, and Trash.


Ubuntu Software does not install pre-downloaded software 16.04

You can do this with gdebi the 16.04 Software Center is actually bugged, so till a fix hits live use gdebi.
To install gdebi do in terminal (ctrl+alt+t):

sudo apt-get install gdebi

After that start it with:

gksudo gdebi-gtk

This will after prpomting you for your password open the Gdebi-GUI version.

Now just open your .deb file by

File --> open

Then hit install package. This way you mostly wont run into dependency problems.

Another solution is doing it via terminal with dpkg(ctrl+alt+t):

sudo dpkg -i <packagename>.deb

If you run into messages saying something about unmet dependencies do

sudo apt-get -f install

this will aswell do it, but the gdebisolutioin is more hassle free.


Does VirtualBox permanently affect performance?

You must sacrifice some disk space when you install it.
And a minor part of RAM, as it loads additional kernel modules.

Nothing more, as long as the app is not running.

The ressources you assign to a virtual machine are different:

of course its virtual disks/storages will be there until you delete that VM and its files
the RAM assigned to the VM will only be used when you fire up the VM and should be freed once you power it down.
Same for the RAM VirtualBox itself uses to run, which should be freed when you exit the VirtualBox application itself.


All versions of Ubuntu user the same kernel, the only variation would be kernel "flavors".

Flavors are variations in the kernel .config

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Dev/Flavours

You can view the various config online

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/configs/


Option 1)
For offline access, open Chrome. Click the Google Docs app icon or visit https://docs.google.com The offline version of your Documents List will load.

You may need to add google docs to your Chrome -
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/apdfllckaahabafndbhieahigkjlhalf

Option 2)
Use a text editor - gedit or LibreOffice, edit the document(s) then save them in your Documents folder.  Then, when on-line again copy the info into a google doc.


Plug in your external hard drive. From the Ubuntu downloads page, right click the link to the .iso file and click 'Save Link As' and save to the external hard drive.

If you are planning on installing Ubuntu on this computer (which I assume is running Windows, since you mention a C:\ drive) you obviously won't be able to run both Windows and Ubuntu if you are out of hard drive space. You'll have to decide if you want to keep running windows, or if you want to replace it completely with Ubuntu.


Dual monitor flickering in Ubuntu 12.04 with ATI

For those who my encounter this problem: you have to execute the commands after you connect the second monitor. Type them before, connect and when the flicker starts press ENTER. Remember:

xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --left-of LVDS1 --output VGA1 --auto --scale 1.0001x1.0001

or

xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --right-of LVDS1 --output VGA1 --auto --scale 1.0001x1.0001


Can't install Steam, connection failed error on APT and some websites

You could try like this :

sudo apt-get install gdebi-core
wget http://repo.steampowered.com/steam/pool/steam/s/steam/steam-launcher_1.0.0.48_all.deb
sudo gdebi steam-launcher_1.0.0.48_all.deb

You can also install it manually like this :
Open this link and download latest_steam.deb:
    https://steamcdn-a.akamaihd.net/client/installer/steam.deb

Then install it like this :

cd ~/Downloads
sudo dpkg -i steam-lastest.deb


Where are the files for the language indicator in Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS stored?

The input sources which LightDM make available on the login screen are taken both from /etc/default/keyboard and from the sources which the users on the system have activated.

The user data is taken from the files in /var/lib/AccountsService/users (don't edit those files manually unless you know what you are doing).

So the explanation can simply be that yourself or some other user on the system has changed the user level input sources somehow.


I'm running XUbuntu 16.04 "Xenial Xerus" and this bug is still present in Thunar version 1.6.10.

I've created a PPA hosting DEB packages that fix this bug for the following *Ubuntu releases (32 bits and 64 bits):

Wily Werewolf (*Ubuntu 15.10)
Xenial Xerus (*Ubuntu 16.04)
Yakkety Yak (*Ubuntu 16.10)


How to automatically swith between Performance mode and Power Saving mode?

I did some research. Its results is below.

I'm using Ivy Bridge i7-3537U on MATE with the same widget. My other CPU is Haswell i7-4790. According to sysfs they have only two governors

$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/scaling_available_governors
performance powersave

It uses new intel_pstate driver.

Older CPU such as my Clarksfield i7-740QM are driven by acpi-cpufreq driver, it have 5 governors (conservative ondemand userspace powersave performance).

The current driver may be checked by cpufreq-info -d (from cpufrequtils package).

You can check your CPU with lscpu. I think you can monitor CPU actual frequencies with i7z or i7z_GUI (installable with sudo apt-get install i7z i7z-gui) or powertop (sudo apt-get install powertop, see Frequency stats tab).

On other thread it is explained how to switch off the intel_pstate driver. I tried so with my Haswell and Ivy Bridge CPUs, but I get very close results in Intel's LINPACK test.

I can conclude the following:

intel_pstate powersave governor is equivalent to the old acpi-cpufreq ondemand one;
it seems that you have already got peak performance from your CPU.


Try to connect your line-out with your mic input with a cable? :) That's how I do it!


Command not found when executed as sudo, but works after "sudo su"

Login as root:

sudo su -

Uninstall npm via nvm:

nvm deactivate node && nvm uninstall node

Install npm via apt-get:

apt-get update && apt-get install npm

Obviously you had npm installed via nvm. nvm is a user-based package manager. Therefor all installed packages will not be available for other users. The solution is to use a package manager which installs packages globally on a system-basis.


The issue was because my SDCard was mounted in /media ... really bad idea.
I changed the mount patch and have everything working.


30-minute boot time on 16.04 with Samsung 950 pro PCIe NVMe

The answer was to unplug my video card and just use built-in video on the motherboard.  The Intel video card has a little bug where it dims the screen when I take a screen shot, but otherwise it's worked fine for me for a few months now.


How to burn a dual layer dvd iso from the command line

growisofs -speed=2 -dvd-compat -Z /dev/dvdrw=dvd_image.iso

Replace /dev/dvdrw with your dvd writer path and dvd_image.iso with the iso filename
If you do not have growisofs installed you will need to install the dvd+rw-tools package with the following command

sudo apt-get install dvd+rw-tools


Accessing logs

One with root privileges can make use of the command lastb to see all failed login attempts in the computer, also a much more detailed log file that records failed login attempts in the time span of a week can be found at /var/log/auth.log (no root privileges necessary) and the bad login attempts will be listed like this:

MONTH  DAY HH:MM:SS MACHINE lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=:0 ruser= rhost=  user=USER

Script

You can write a script to read those log files and send them to you by e-mail whenever a new bad login attempt is logged. Here is my take on that:

First let's trigger the script execution whenever someone tries to login and fail. PAM keeps the /var/log/auth.log so we can use it to trigger our script. Open /etc/pam.d/common-auth:

sudo vim /etc/pam.d/common-auth

Then, just before the line:

auth    requisite                       pam_deny.so

Add this:

auth [default=ignore] pam_exec.so seteuid /usr/bin/report_badlogin

And in the lines above change any occurrence of success=1 to success=2 and, if any, success=2 to success=3 and so on.

Now create the specified script:

sudo vim /usr/bin/report_badlogin

Write in it the commands to send you the report email:

#! /bin/sh
# report_badlogin

if grep -F -x -v -f /var/log/auth.log.old /var/log/auth.log | grep -n 'authentication failure' | mail -s "Bad login attempt notification" "yourpersonal@email.com"; then
  cp -f /var/log/auth.log /var/log/auth.log.old
  chown YOURUSERNAME /var/log/auth.log.old
fi

exit 0

Brief explanation: First grep gets the changes on the log file by subtracting it from the last saved copy of it (.old). Second grep gets just the line that matters, the one that informs you the date, time and the user the login was attempt on. mail sends you that one line as an email with subject Bad login attempt notification. If the email was sent successfully auth.log.old is updated, but as the scripting is running as root we set back the ownership over the file to your user.

Save it and close it (VIM command :wq).

Make sure that the script has execution permission:

sudo chmod a+x /usr/bin/report_badlogin

Manually create a first copy of auth.log:

cp /var/log/auth.log{,.old}

Dealing with no internet connection scenarios

The potential invader can disconnect your PC from the internet while he attempts to guess the password to prevent the notification email, but even when he does that his bad login attempts are all being logged to auth.log.

What you can do to still get the notifications as soon as possible is to trigger a slightly different script upon a successful login with your machine connected to the internet. To do that let's use ~/.bashrc script, that is executed whenever you login:

vim ~/.bashrc

Add these lines to the end of the file:

# Pending bad login attempts notification
sh /usr/bin/report_pending

Save it and quit. Now create that script:

sudo vim /usr/bin/report_pending

And write into it the following:

#! /bin/sh
# report_pending

if grep -F -x -v -f /var/log/auth.log.old /var/log/auth.log | grep -n 'authentication failure'; then
    if grep -F -x -v -f /var/log/auth.log.old /var/log/auth.log | grep -n 'authentication failure' | mail -s "Bad login attempt notification" "yourpersonal@email.com"; then
        cp -f /var/log/auth.log /var/log/auth.log.old
    fi
fi

exit 0

Brief explanation: This script does almost the same as the first, but as it is always executed on login, we first check for the existence of pending reports, otherwise whenever you login you would receive a blank email. Notice that this script is not running with root privileges, so there is no need to change auth.log.old ownership after it's updated.

Now just add execution permission to the script:

sudo chmod a+x /usr/bin/report_pending

Configure SMTP settings

In order to the email to be sent install mailutils and sSMTP:

sudo apt-get install mailutils ssmtp

Configure sSMTP:

sudo vim /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf

Edit it to something like this:

root=yoursmtpemail@gmail.com
mailhub=smtp.gmail.com:587
AuthUser=yoursmtpemail
AuthPass=PASSWORD
UseSTARTTLS=YES
hostname=yoursmtpemail@gmail.com
FromLineOverride=YES

If you are not using GMail just change it to your provider.

I recommend you to create an email solely to be used as SMTP server (yoursmtpemail@gmail.com) and not to use your personal email, because as you can see you are storing this email's password in a plain text file (only root can access this file, but it's not a good practice anyway, although I don't know how to do it in any other way...).

In case of GMail (I haven't tried with other providers) you still need to allow Access for less secure apps. If you try running echo "Test mail" | mail -s "Testing" yourpersonal@email.com you should receive an email in yoursmtpemail@gmail.com informing you that access to that email was denied to an application that did not meet the security level of GMail and that if you want you can Learn more about allowing access for less secure applications, click on it and GMail will eventually present you the option to allow it.

Done!


sudo add-apt-repository ppa:voria/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install samsung-backlight

please note that in 13.04 that last command has changed to

sudo apt-get install samsung-tools


11.10 version of xserver-xorg-video-nouveau contains 3D funtionality - Nouveau Wiki


Suspend is behaving normal after disabling secure boot from BIOS.


Running Spotify via wine will only use speakers not play via headphones

I recommend the native version over the Wine version

Warning: Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?

  Spotify for Linux

  This is a preview build of Spotify for Linux. As a preview release
  this version is still unsupported, but we're running it ourselves and
  will try to make sure it keeps pace with its Mac and Windows siblings.

  So how do you get it? We've packaged it for Debian Squeeze/Ubuntu.
  Debian

# 1. Add this line to your list of repositories by
#    adding file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list
#    with the following content:
deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free

# 2. If you want to verify the downloaded packages,
#    you will need to add our public key
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 94558F59

# 3. Run apt-get update
sudo apt-get update

# 4. Install spotify!
sudo apt-get install spotify-client

Source: spotify.com


what filesystem should i choose for my HDD?

If you intend to use Windows in the future, you should choose NTFS.

For more imformations see Understanding file systems(NTFS, FAT, FAT32,Ext2, Ext3, Ext4 etc.).


`history` command failed to store the previously entered command

In the below example,

sudo apt-gat update
^gat^get

^gat^get is a shortcut to replace the gat in the previous command with get and then run the corrected command.

avinash@avinash-Lenovo-IdeaPad-Z500:~$ sudo apt-gat update
[sudo] password for avinash:
sudo: apt-gat: command not found

avi@avi-Lenovo-IdeaPad-Z500:~$ ^gat^get
sudo apt-get update
Ign http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net saucy InRelease
Ign http://liveusb.info all InRelease

In the above second block of code you see the corrected command sudo apt-get update and then it runs.

So the history command displays the wrong command sudo apt-gat update then the corrected command sudo apt-get update as in the order.It won't displays ^gat^get because it was an shortcut.


Ubuntu CD Installer crashes with "erron5 input/output error"

Try not to download iso with a download manager if you are using one . Downloading via torrent is a good option . The md5sum should match , else it shows that your download is corrupt .


How do I enable Firestarter to run at Ubuntu startup

The linux firewall is actually a feature of the kernel, and firestarter/etc are essentially just graphical configuration tools. So as long as firestarter is saving its configuration, those rules should be enabled on boot.
http://www.fs-security.com/docs/faq.php#reboot

However, you are probably asking about getting a system tray icon, which is covered by the firestarter FAQ:
http://www.fs-security.com/docs/faq.php#trayicon


I had the same issue and found the Unity plugin was disabled somehow. To fix it you need to restart the computer using the Unity 2D option.

If you hold down the power button on the computer until the dialogue box opens that gives you the option to choose restart and select it.

When the login screen appears you need to select Unity 2D by clicking on the little cog in the password entry box and select Unity 2D.

Once you have booted into the computer simply run Compiz Config Settings Manager Dash ->Compiz and ensure that you have a tick in the box next to the Unity Plugin


Ubuntu (specifically GNOME) doesn't use ESD anymore, the default is pulseaudio. So in order to make audio output work in VLC you have to install vlc-plugin-pulse and set the audio output option in VLCs preferences to "pulse".

As for your problem with Mozilla, try using the native 64bit version of Adobes flash plugin rather than the 32bit version using nspluginwrapper.

You can get the 64bit version here:
https://launchpad.net/~sevenmachines/+archive/flash


How to fix screen overlap and top left zoom of HD external monitors while using 4k primary Linux Ubuntu 20?

Place this code in your ~/.bashrc file to be able to call xreset from the command line:

xreset () {

    # Reset xrandr to normal, first use: xrandr | grep " connected "
    # HDMI-0 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 1107mm x 623mm
    # eDP-1-1 connected primary 1920x1080+3840+2160 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 382mm x 215mm
    # DP-1-1 connected 3840x2160+1920+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 1600mm x 900mm
    xrandr --output HDMI-0  --mode 1920x1080 --pos 0x0       --rotate normal \
           --fb 1920x1080   --panning 1920x1080 \
           --output eDP-1-1 --mode 1920x1080 --pos 3840x2160 --rotate normal \
           --primary \
           --output DP-1-1  --mode 3840x2160 --pos 1920x0    --rotate normal

    # --panning option added because HDMI-0 was mirroring all other monitors
    # and "panning" back and forth. --fb option added next day.

} # xreset

Or if you prefer to create an .sh file use this:
#!/bin/bash

    # Reset xrandr to normal, first use: xrandr | grep " connected "
    # HDMI-0 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 1107mm x 623mm
    # eDP-1-1 connected primary 1920x1080+3840+2160 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 382mm x 215mm
    # DP-1-1 connected 3840x2160+1920+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 1600mm x 900mm
    xrandr --output HDMI-0  --mode 1920x1080 --pos 0x0       --rotate normal \
           --fb 1920x1080   --panning 1920x1080 \
           --output eDP-1-1 --mode 1920x1080 --pos 3840x2160 --rotate normal \
           --primary \
           --output DP-1-1  --mode 3840x2160 --pos 1920x0    --rotate normal

    # --panning option added because HDMI-0 was mirroring all other monitors
    # and "panning" back and forth. --fb option added next day.

Save to a file and mark it executable with chmod a+x filename
First you need to discover you monitor properties with:
xrandr | grep " connected"

Then using reported properties change the xreset function accordingly.


sudo apt-get install package-name

This command installs a new package.  But if the package can't be found you have to tell the installer where to find it, and that's when you add a PPA(repositiry).

sudo add-apt-repository

  Using a Personal Package Archive (PPA), you can distribute software
  and updates directly to Ubuntu users. Create your source package,
  upload it and Launchpad will build binaries and then host them in your
  own apt repository.

  That means Ubuntu users can install your packages in just the same way
  they install standard Ubuntu packages and they'll automatically
  receive updates as and when you make them.

  Every individual and team in Launchpad can have one or more PPAs, each
  with its own URL.

  Packages you publish in your PPA will remain there until you remove
  them, they're superseded by another package that you upload or the
  version of Ubuntu against which they're built becomes obsolete.1

1Source:Launchpad Help


Can't login ("Access Denied") with PBIS without network connection

If you type the PBIS you will get a list of commands. There is one in the documentation that is like this

/opt/pbis/bin/config RequireMembershipOf #groupname

if you put in your group name here this should fix it... keep in mind if this is a directory group it will be DOMAIN\\GroupName