Running Pip3 ImportError: cannot import name 'main'

Use python -m pip install instead of pip install

Example:

python -m pip install --user somepackage
python3 -m pip install --user somepackage

I started getting this problem after a pip upgrade:

pip install --upgrade --user pip

The pip (resp. pip3) executable is provided by your distro (python-pip package on Ubuntu 16.04).

Therefore, it is not kept up-to date with the pip package itself as you upgrade pip, and may break.

If you just use python -m pip directly, e.g. as in:

python -m pip install --user somepackage
python3 -m pip install --user somepackage

it goes through your Python path and finds the latest version of pip, and executes that file.

It relies on the fact that that file is executable, but that is a very standard type of interface, and therefore less likely to break than the hackier Debian script.

Then I recommend adding the following functions to your .bashrc:

pip() ( python -m pip "$@" )
pip3() ( python3 -m pip "$@" )

The Ubuntu 18.04 /usr/bin/pip3 file does:

from pip import main

and presumably main was removed from pip at some point which is what broke things.

The breaking pip commit appears to be: 95bcf8c5f6394298035a7332c441868f3b0169f4 "Move all internal APIs to pip._internal" which went into pip 18.0.

Tested in Ubuntu 16.04 after an update from pip3 9.0.1 to 18.0.

pyenv

Ultimately however, for serious Python development I would just recommend that you install your own local Python with pyenv + virtualenv, which would also get around this Ubuntu bug: How do I install a different Python version using apt-get?


How can I override netplan's per-interface nameservers, rather than appending to them?

This is the only way I have found:

Rename /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml to /etc/netplan/51-network-settings.yaml and edit it with the changes you want. Make sure to remove the old version of the file to prevent your nameservers from getting appended to the old ones. Then create a file named something like /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the contents network: {config: disabled}, which will prevent cloud-init from recreating its output file.

The downside of this is if the network configuration changes otherwise, as cloud-init will not be managing the settings any more. I suppose it would be better to configure cloud-init to change just the nameservers, but I didn't find a way to do that.


Can't install wine from winehq.org on Ubuntu (actually Lubuntu) 18.04 LTS

Analysis
The WineHQ repository misses the dependencies for wine-stable package.
I have reported a bug 48513 to WineHQ bugzilla.
The main problem here is bad documentation, which is written in non-reproducible way.
The Rosanne DiMesio's main idea is "People who don't bother to read the directions are always going to have problems.".
So we need to write our own documentation until WineHQ-officials become smarter.
The problem with dependencies was caused by the FAudio dependency, which is not contained in Debian/Ubuntu and WineHQ repositories. We can determine the exact package name by using command below and analyzing of their output:
$ sudo apt-get install wine-stable-amd64
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 wine-stable-amd64 : Depends: libfaudio0 but it is not installable
                     Recommends: libcapi20-3 but it is not going to be installed
                     Recommends: libodbc1 but it is not going to be installed
                     Recommends: libosmesa6 but it is not going to be installed
                     Recommends: libsdl2-2.0-0 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

The aforementioned libfaudio0 package is available only for Ubuntu 19.10 and upcoming 20.04 LTS.

Solution
We need to follow official WineHQ guide for Ubuntu partially:
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt update

Note: if you have WineHQ repository added - remove it with
sudo apt-add-repository -r 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ bionic main'

to prevent the mess of repositories and then proceed.
Then we need to add other repository from OpenSuse Build Service to get libfaudio0 installed:
wget -q https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Emulators:/Wine:/Debian/xUbuntu_18.04/Release.key -O Release.key -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Emulators:/Wine:/Debian/xUbuntu_18.04/ ./'
sudo apt-get update

and only after this install one of WineHQ packages:
# Stable branch
sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-stable

#Development branch
#sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-devel

#Staging branch
#sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-staging


X11 ignoring options in configuration for input device

As a temporary workaround, I've found this.

I've created a script, /usr/share/X11/startup.sh:

#!/bin/bash

synclient RightButtonAreaLeft=2000
synclient RightButtonAreaTop=1500

...and modified /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf accordingly:

[SeatDefaults]
# ...
session-setup-script=/usr/share/X11/startup.sh

Seems to do the trick for now. I would still like to know if there's any way to fix this behavior in X.


Can I automatically add a guest user (guest-session) to a user group? How can I do it)

Yes. To make the guest users belong to mygroup, create /etc/guest-session/prefs.sh and add the line:

adduser $USER mygroup


Looking for video editor that can export specific segments of video

I use VLC. It's easy and cross platform.

  sudo apt-get install vlc

See this cutting video with VLC tutorial fur a detailed explanation.


I'm assuming you've installed PHP and MySQL using regular Ubuntu packages. Then install the php5-mysql package to have MySQL bindings for PHP. E.g.

sudo apt-get install php5-mysql

You may need to restart your web server to make the changes effective.

Verify with a simple phpinfo PHP file the PHP-MySQL support (mysqli extension).

<?php

phpinfo();

?>


Replace grep command with grep -n --colour?

In your $HOME/.bashrc file, add:

export GREP_OPTIONS="-n --color"

This will work with egrep too and in aliases that use grep.

Update: GREP_OPTIONS is deprecated from grep 2.21 on and if you use this solution you will see the following warning:

grep: warning: GREP_OPTIONS is deprecated; please use an alias or script

The best solution is to therefore follow maco's advice in his answer. Or switch to using ag, which outputs in color by default.


How can I make my Unity panels and window controls look like this?

Months later I have come back to this with another answer. It is possible to install and run task bars from other desktop environments including; Xfce (which is what I currently use in conjunction with Gnome 3) Mate panel and Cinnamon.

Simply install them 'sudo apt install {insert panel name here}' then set it as one of the starting applications.


You can safely remove the folder with that VM

rm -r "/home/arthur-dent/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu Gnome Testing VM 1"


Problem in installing Ubuntu 12.10 on Samsung Notebook.

I think I know what you're talking about. I'm having a problem installing it as well... I installed it from windows (I'm using a flash drive as well) And it told me to restart. I restarted and was prompted with a screen that says something along the lines of "file missing in c:/ubuntu/winboot/...". It tells me to hit emter to go to the next screen where it prompts me with an OS selection screen. If I choose Ubuntu, it restarts again, and if I choose Windows 8 then it continues as normal.


solved the problem. Used Synaptic Package Manager to install the package when Dropbox tech support could not solve it. The install from Dropbox must be missing some component, or have a different version of some component that was not compatible with this computer, chromeOS, crouton, ubuntu or xfce version.


network acces from a ubuntu client to servers

First make sure you can ping the Windows server. Open a command prompt and type ping 192.168.xxx.xxx.

Once you see replies check out Simple way to consistently access a SMB mount?


I futzed around for a long time over the next few days and the problem has gone away. No idea why. Sure would like an explanation on how to deal with issues with these packages because the problem keeps coming up when I upgrade Ubuntu:

keyboard-configuration
console-setup
kbd
console-setup-linux


How can unicode symbols u+2404 ␄ EOT and u+2405 ␅ ENQ be corrected?

This has been fixed in more recent versions of Ubuntu, and was reported in this bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/fonts-freefont/+bug/1070669

I doubt it's severe enough to be considered for a "Stable Release Update", so you'll probably just have to live with it until you can upgrade: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates


Gnome 3.8 / gdm / Failed to load session "gnome-classic"

GNOME Classic, also known as the fallback session, was dropped from GNOME 3.8. It will not work unless you downgrade to GNOME 3.6.


Each node that MAAS prepares for you has your ssh key on it, so you
can automate these tasks using any method that can use ssh as
transport, so that certainly includes Juju.

That pushes you into the realm of customising your charms to do these
set-up tasks, which might fit your expectations, but is going to be
awkward if you're using off-the-shelf charms. However, I'm not the
best person to talk about the Juju side of things, but I can address
the other tasks.

Below I'm talking about MAAS in Quantal (i.e. 12.10, out soon) which
is fairly different from MAAS in 12.04, though there is an upgrade
path. I suspect that none of the following applies to MAAS as shipped
in 12.04.

Configure ntp on the nodes.

By default they'll be set-up to run ntp, using ntp.ubuntu.com. If
that's not suitable, and you'd rather not add a post-allocation step
to do it (i.e. configure via ssh as above, once the machine is up
and running), you may want to change the preseed that MAAS uses.

Search for the file preseed_master; that and the generic file in
the same directory are templates used to generate the final preseed
sent to booting machines.

The Debian
Installer page links
to the manuals. Choose one of those
and see Appendix B, Automating the installation using preseeding
for an introduction to preseeding.

Bear in mind that any changes to preseed_master or its siblings
will be overwritten during upgrades, so keep a record of your
changes around. We will almost certainly be making this whole
process easier for 13.04.
Set the video mode on the nodes.

Nothing is set in the preseed right now, so you'll have to do this
in a post-allocation step, or by editing the preseed templates.
Set the timezone on the nodes.

It's set to UTC by default. Do you really want to change this? For
servers, at least, it's very normal to run with UTC. Your mention of
video mode setting makes me thing you're using this for desktops
though, in which case the answer is the same as for #2.


Does Ubuntu swap even when there is no swap configured?

The short answer:
If there is no swap, Ubuntu will not swap.
The long answer:
What  happens is that the Linux kernel memory manager (not really Ubuntu itself) will first try to consolidate memory into chunks it can allocate to the applications requesting said memory (the slowdown you're seeing) and if it cannot, these applications will crash, thus freeing up their memory for the more well-behaved applications that did not crash.
The Kernel's OOM Killer¹ is only invoked if and only if there is no other way of doing so² and looking at your high disk usage, you're running into the too small to fail memory allocation rule.  The relevant section states:

In other words, the allocating process cannot proceed because it is waiting for its allocation call to return. That call cannot return until memory is freed, which requires the victim process to exit. The OOM killer will also wait for the victim to exit before (possibly) choosing a second process to kill.

The rant:
Back when I was a kid and the only qualification you needed to start in the IT industry was the ability to read manuals and 32K was the norm and 64K was "wow", we used to check every memory allocation and display "Out of memory" when we couldn't allocate memory at an application level, which today's kids programmers don't do any more as they're spoilt rotten with multiple monitors, huge SSDs and systems that are generally better than the systems their software actually runs on they are not used to having systems run out of memory any more...
;-)


dealing low memory in hadoop 3.1.3 in vmware virtual machine ubuntu 19.10

increasing size of RAM in VM from 2GB to 4GB solved the problem.


External monitors don't go into standby if laptop lid is closed

Same problem here, VGA output to external monitor.  Got it to work with

xset dpms 0 0 600

that's telling the monitor don't standby or suspend, but power off after 10 minutes (600 seconds)

I added the entry to System > Preferences > Startup Applications


It's the same ISO.

One of the purposes of a virtual machine is that an OS behaves the same as it does as on a physical machine. (But maybe that's an oversimplification.) Anyway, the booting and installation process is the same on a virtual machine as on a physical.

But, the virtualized OS may require some addons to run better in a VM. For example, the VirtualBox Guest Additions for Ubuntu make it resize Ubuntu's display to fit the size of the VirtualBox window.


Open the terminal and try mounting the DVD with:

sudo mount -t udf /dev/sr0 /cdrom

The argument following the -t is used to indicate the filesystem type, which in this case is udf. UDF or Universal Disk Format is an operating-system-independent file system commonly used on DVD and other digital media.1

1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDF


Hey. assuming so, but you did chown -R to make sure you hit all the other files?

check permissions on whatever file you can't access (assuming you can see it at all?)

Are you just not able to view anything in the folder at all, or what?

sudo ls -la /home/solomon/ and maybe you'll see what's up.


Installation alongside Windows XP with two pre-existing partitions

I think you just need to take a look at these two official guides here, to easily install Ubuntu after Windows XP:

Installing Ubuntu after Windows
How to resize Windows partitions

Or you can use this complete guide for Ubuntu 11.10.
When you finish the installation, Ubuntu will automatically generate the boot options to let you choose which operating system to start, Windows or Ubuntu.
If you are apprehensive about losing your data, you can backup them into an external hard disk before starting the installation.


I finally cracked the nut by adding the following to /etc/asound.conf (had to create the file), then restarted ALSA with alsa reload:

pcm.a52 {
  @args [CARD]
  @args.CARD {
    type string
  }
  type rate
  slave {
    pcm {
      type a52
      bitrate 448
      channels 6
      card $CARD
    }
  rate 48000 #required somehow, otherwise nothing happens in PulseAudio
  }
}

Then finally aplay -L lists a52, and in PulseAudio I can now choose new digital surround profiles on the configuration tab.

While I love Linux, this is not something for your grandpa to figure out...


What is the shortcut key to skip a song in rhythmbox?

Yes you can use the fn and  >>| key that is on most keyboards.
On my keyboard it is fn+f10 but just look for the key that looks like the fast-forward button.

You can also set the shortcuts for the keyboard

Open your Dash by pressing your "Super Key"
In the search bar enter in Keyboard
and select "Keyboard"


Setting monitor scaling to 200% with xrandr

You are just missing the --scale 2x2 argument. So use:

xrandr \
  --output DP-4 --primary --pos 0x0 --scale 2x2 \
  --output DP-2 --pos 3840x0 --scale 2x2 \
  --output eDP-1-1 --off

Note: Double quoting the monitor and position is unnecessary so I removed the ".


Switch to specific keyboard layout using Ctrl+Shift+Num

If you are using Ubuntu you can set the default "Keyboard Layout" settings to change between keyboard layouts. However you cannot use the keyboard shortcuts you have listed. I do not know the way to do that.

If you open the system settings menu navigate to keyboard layout. Once open you will see your current keyboard layouts. If you click options and select "Key(s) to change layout, you can select which combo to change the layout. Some of the combos are

Alt+Caps Lock

Alt+Ctrl

Alt+Shift

Both Alt keys together, etc.

However thers is no way to set your own custom shortcuts. I attempted to see if there was possible a terminal code but there is no manual entry for Keyboard Layout settings, such as there is for other programs like Firefox: man firefoxIf there were you could easy create a custom key combo to run the command depending on which layout you want.

Additionally there is no indicator of which layout you've switched too and the only way to check is to type something. But it does seem to go in order of the way the layouts are listed.

I hope that helps you.


How to correctly add git man pages to ubuntu

You need to gzip them and make sure that is readable by all:

sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/man/man1/ /usr/share/man/man5/ /usr/share/man/man7/
sudo chmod -R a+r /usr/share/man/man1/ /usr/share/man/man5/ /usr/share/man/man7/

If you want to test the validity of the manpage you can use:

sudo mandb --test

It will inform you of any problem.


VirtualBox Ubuntu 14.04 - vboxclient the virtualbox kernel service is not running

This usually happens when you update the Guest's Linux Kernel.
After each update, you need to do:

For Host (installing server)

sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup

For Guest (installing additions)

sudo /etc/init.d/vboxadd setup

The reason why inserting the VBox addition disk again works is because that's one of the things the installation procedure does as well.


Ubuntu as a router in between windows serveer 2003 and xp client

You can set up a standard Ubuntu PC as a router.  It will be better and with more practical.

To see a complete  tutorial go to Ubuntu Forums


create upstart job exactly same in systemD ubuntu 16.04

Your service doesn't have a type.

One of the basic things that should be specified within the [Service] section is the Type= of the service. This categorizes services by their process and daemonizing behavior. This is important because it tells systemd how to correctly manage the service and find out its state.
The Type= directive can be one of the following:
simple: The main process of the service is specified in the start line. This is the default if the Type= and Busname= directives are not set, but the ExecStart= is set. Any communication should be handled outside of the unit through a second unit of the appropriate type (like through a .socket unit if this unit must communicate using sockets).
forking: This service type is used when the service forks a child process, exiting the parent process almost immediately. This tells systemd that the process is still running even though the parent exited.
oneshot: This type indicates that the process will be short-lived and that systemd should wait for the process to exit before continuing on with other units. This is the default Type= and ExecStart= are not set. It is used for one-off tasks.
dbus: This indicates that unit will take a name on the D-Bus bus. When this happens, systemd will continue to process the next unit.
notify: This indicates that the service will issue a notification when it has finished starting up. The systemd process will wait for this to happen before proceeding to other units.
idle: This indicates that the service will not be run until all jobs are dispatched.

From Digital Ocean's  Understanding Systemd Units and Unit Files


SSH problem - Read from socket failed: Connection reset by peer

start monitoring the server's log file

tail -f /var/log/auth.log
add -v to get a verbose output at the client end

ssh user@computerB -v

This might give you more details about the cause. if the rsa and dsa keys are missing on the server, fix them by:

ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
ssh-keygen -t dsa  -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key


You can only add space to a partition if the free space is adjacent to the partition you wish to add it to.

You will have to do this in several steps from a live USB.

make sda6 smaller by  10 Gb -> apply changes

move sda5 -> apply changes

delete (or move) swap -> apply changes

add 10 Gb to your root partition -> apply changes.

I advise you clean up / re-order you hard drive numbers as labels sucs as "sda6" are meaningless, the free space has to be physically adjacent to your partition.

Se re-order, from a live usb, run

sudo fdisk /dev/sda

Then at the fdisk prompt

press “x” to enter Expert Mode
press “f” to fix the drive order
press “i” to ignore the warning (if it shows)
press “w” to write changes to the disk
press “q” to  quit fdisk

See http://linux.die.net/man/8/fdisk or the built in help "h" for further information.

Then reboot and run gparted, in steps.


DO NOT

  rm -rf ~/.*

You will delete your configurations for every application in your profile, not just the gnome theme settings.

Instead, do:

  rm -rf .gnome .gnome2 .gconf .gconfd
  .metacity


too many open files for a Golang server running behind Caddy

This is a problem that can be solved by modifying some parameters of your system.
I recommend that you follow the following thread: Too many open files


Nautilus doesn't show my desktop until I kill it

#!/bin/bash
killall nautilus

Would be your script. make sure you make it executable

chmod +x nameofscript.sh

all you would have to do is place the script in the start up sequence using.

Systems > Preferences > Startup Applications.

I would first wait on your next restart maybe it just take a bit longer.


I'm glad that the hardware is OK :-)

The problem might be that the proprietary drivers for Radeon chips are no longer developed/supported. On the other hand, the corresponding free driver is developed and quite good in 16.04.1 LTS and newer versions of Ubuntu.

Please try to switch to the free driver (by removing the proprietary driver). If we are lucky it will work with your graphics card.

This link shows how to remove the proprietary driver for Radeon cards:

askubuntu.com/questions/68306/how-do-i-remove-the-proprietary-ati-drivers

Otherwise you can use an older version, where the proprietary driver is still working, for example 14.04.1 LTS. Unfortunately that version of Xubuntu is only supported for 3 years, until April this year. But in the meantime you might find another solution.


apache2 - php5 file upload and post max size

Create a php file with <?php phpinfo(); ?> and open it with your browser.
Look for Loaded Configuration File (this shows the actual conf. file in use) and edit upload_max_filesize and set post_max_size to the same value (or make it 0 to disable limit) in that file in root mode.
Execute: sudo service apache2 restart


Ubuntu 17.04 network slowness if both eth and wifi are connected

I might be going out on a limb here but I'm going to say that Wi-Fi and Ethernet shouldn't be on the same subnet, as this will cause routing problems.

Try using different subnets for Wifi and Ethernet interfaces.

Are you using Ubuntu Network Manager or /etc/network/interfacas to manage your devices?


After uninstall, steam still asks to be installed

As told in this forum post, steam did not uninstall completely. It left the files /var/lib/update-notifier/user.d/steam-install-notify and /usr/share/app-install/desktop/steam:steam.desktop on the hard drives. The former contained the text. Removing it via

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/update-notifier/user.d/steam-install-notify

seems to solve the problem.


How to skip login screen on Lubuntu (17.04) - Lxqt

Turns out I was having trouble because LXQt is not using lightdm to login, it is using SDDM, so I created a configuration file at /etc/sddm.conf:

nano /etc/sddm.conf

and added the following text to it:

[Autologin]
User=username
Session=lxqt.desktop


APT unable to update after release upgrade

You have to manually edit /etc/apt/sources.list and possibly some files under /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ to not contain words focal or focal-*, but contain respective bionic and bionic-*, instead. (Only one of them per line.)


What's the difference if I use Windows 7 as a Standard User vs if I use ubuntu?

… what's the difference in security …?

In terms of the authentication and filesystem permissions, honestly, not much. We can wax lyrical about policykit and sudoers but these are just technicalities. Windows has had equivalent mechanisms for well over a decade.

The core difference was in default settings. A normal, just-bought-a-computer Windows user would have full system write access. No prompts. No UAC. Even though XP could be locked down, its users were indoctrinated into just being able to do stuff, permissions be damned.

Microsoft has —despite constant resistance from veteran users— improved on this over time.

But the important thing is that users are still, statistically speaking, idiots. If they want something (a repo for a graphics driver, a batch of screensavers, or even dripping wet Warhammer figurines) they're probably going to click the closest thing to Okay! Just install it! until they have what they want.

A few years ago I wrote how Linux isn't invulnerable. Exactly the same applies to Windows, even today.

Don't get me wrong, Ubuntu still has a lot on its side:

Open source is the big one. You can view almost all the code running on your system (except binary blob drivers and firmwares).
Ubuntu also has its repositories which are maintained by trusted developers. These make a lot of software available in a safe environment without users needing to go fishing.
The same mechanism provides system-wide security updates. For non-core software, Windows relies on applications updating themselves.
Mechanisms like AppArmor and SELinux to sandbox applications, limiting what they can touch.
A smaller user-base has traditionally meant we're a less juicy target for malware creators.

These are all things that can be sidestepped... 0-Day exploits still affect us and a targeted attack on a user or demographic is just as likely to succeed if everything else is equal.


Does anyone know of any alternatives to recuva for file recovery?

Testdisk:

TestDisk is a good Open Source data recovery software. It is in the main Ubuntu Repository.

Or:

sudo apt-get install testdisk


DNS zone file issue after upgrading from Ubuntu LTS 12.4.4 to Ubuntu LTS14.04

It's not an error, this behavior is supported by bind 9
Look at the first answer here - https://serverfault.com/questions/488092/binary-zone-file-on-bind9


Can't reboot ubuntu 18.04 using cron job

You need to edit a cronjob of the root user.

sudo -i
crontab -e
Edit cronjob as needed:

35 14 * * * root shutdown -r now

Work!


Here's what you can do. While in a Lubuntu session:

Open two windows of your file manager side-by-side.
In one window, go to /usr/share/applications and make sure that the Firefox icon is visible.
In the other window, go to ~/.local/share/applications and make sure you have enabled viewing "hidden files and folders". (In case you do not have ~/.local/share/applications, just create such a folder.)
Now, copy the Firefox desktop file from /usr/share/applications to ~/.local/share/applications. (You should be able to do this without needing sudo.)
Right-click on the copied file (do not double-click, please).
Choose to open with a simple text editor (gedit or leafpad).
Find the line that says "OnlyShowIn=Unity;". Delete that line if that is
the only content on that line or comment it out by placing a # at
the beginning of that line. Else, carefully, delete just
"OnlyShowIn=Unity;". Note that the "opposite" of OnlyShowIn=, is
NotShowIn=. I understand that TargetEnvironment=, which would be
synonymous to OnlyShowIn=, is now
deprecated.
At this point, if you save and close the file and check in your Lubuntu menu, you
should see Firefox listed.

To minimize confusion, you could do some more by further editing the desktop file in ~/.local/share/applications.

Search for all lines exactly beginning with Name=. (There could be more than one.)
Replace Firefox with L-Firefox or whatever.

After saving and closing the desktop file, you'll see whatever name you have provided appear in the menu (along with regular Firefox when you run Unity).


I haven't used k3b in ages.. but if you select audio CD and then added your mp3 files, it should work just fine on a CD player.

CD audio is encoded in PCM format and specifically 16bit and 44.1Khz sample rate.
WAV also uses PCM.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAV#Audio_CDs

Basically.. are you sure that it's burning the WAV files as a data cd.. and not just using the WAV files as a container for the PCM audio before it burns it to the CD?


How to sync Google Calendar and Evolution mail?

Check this on ubuntu wiki: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/GoogleCalendarWithEvolution

This will help you.


Is there a way to toggle Hide/Unhide Firefox Web Browsers Title Bar via Command Line?

Firefox stores user preferences in the file prefs.js in the user's profile directory. That file should not be edited while firefox is running. Changes in preferences are written when firefox exits.

A script that edits the file prefs.js to change the setting "browser.tabs.drawInTitlebar" would therefore be needed to change the setting that enables or disables the legacy title bar using the command line. The setting appears as:

user_pref("browser.tabs.drawInTitlebar", true);

Configuration options can also be set using a file user.js in the profile folder. Preferences set in user.js have preferences over the settings in prefs.js. Any changes using the preferences dialog or using about:config will be lost when Firefox is restarted, so that file is a means to set more permanent default options in a user profile (Ref).

The change will only take effect the next time firefox is loaded. I am not aware of a possibility to reload the configuration files "on the fly" (nor are these specialists) so a change would immediately take effect in the running Firefox instance. The best you can do, afaik, is have your script terminate Firefox, apply the change in user.js using your script, then reopen Firefox.


Remove all panels but retaining widget functionalities in Kubuntu 16.04

No. You cannot. Because the application dashboards are not independent, instead they are dependent on their parent widget, which was the panel. Since it's removed, your application launcher or dashboard is also removed.

However, if you really want to get rid of the panel, you can do this instead.

Remove the panel.
Add the required widgets to the desktop. You can do so, because these widgets can be added on desktop too!
Once added, press and hold the click to get the settings/preference window of the widget. There you can set a keyboard shortcut like Alt-F1

You should be able to use the widget now. Repeat the process for all the other widgets you use.

There will be one problem still and that is the icons of these widgets will stay on the desktop. But you can resize them and arrange them so that they look like native to your setup.

Hope that helps

Following user requirement, it seems recently a dock is appearing for KDE named Latte-Dock. The deb package provided in the github repository needs QT 5.7, which is difficult to grab in Kubuntu 16.04. But fortunately some people from mint forum figured out that it can be built using QT 5.6 easily. I tested it and indeed it is. Follow the instruction on the forum post.

Here is a screenshot of running only a dock in KDE5.


Automatic backup keep failing, how can I force it to run?

That would be the best idea. You could also make a new folder and name it "Backup 2", then go to System Preferences > Backup > Location and change it. If it works, delete the old one and rename this to "Backup", but make sure you update the settings.


How to disable sliding login screen in Gnome?

The behaviour has been changed since GNOME 3.8 so you can just type in your password even though you still see the screen shield. There is no need to press Esc or slide the shield.


In your case, /etc/resolv.conf is not pointing to systemd as expected. Therefore, please remove and recreated the link:
sudo rm -f /etc/resolv.conf
ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

Reboot and let us see:
ping -c3 8.8.8.8
ping -c3 www.ubuntu.com


Ubuntu 14.04.02/14.10 stuck on "Prepare to install"

As the @Tim suggested in his comment, leaving the option through the night fix the issue. I cannot tell exactly how many time it cost to move to the next installation screen, but simple wait if you have the same issue.


Ubuntu 20.04 - Installation error after restart

This answer is quite late, but USB error -110 means that a USB device was drawing too much power and the notebook could not allocate more. If the notebook has an SD card or a USB memory stick that is always plugged in, this could be the source of the problem. Your notebook is probably not getting enough power or, what I see more often is, too many devices are connected and competing for the same limited amount of energy. Flash memory does not operate very well when its starved for power, which would explain why the kernel cannot cleanly unmount the device.


One possibility is the immutable flag in the case of ext filesystem. See output of lsattr command. If there is i present, it can be removed with chattr -i filename

  A  file  with the 'i' attribute cannot be modified: it cannot be
  deleted or renamed, no link can be created to this file and no data
  can be written  to  the  file. Only the superuser or a process
  possessing the CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE capability can set or clear this
  attribute.

In this case, there is something else happening

This seems to work,

> lsattr 1
-----a---------- 1/plexus-component-annotations-1.5.5.jar.sha1
> rmdir 1/plexus-component-annotations-1.5.5.jar.sha1
rmdir: failed to remove '1/plexus-component-annotations-1.5.5.jar.sha1': Operation not permitted
> chattr -a 1/plexus-component-annotations-1.5.5.jar.sha1
> rmdir 1/plexus-component-annotations-1.5.5.jar.sha1

> lsattr 2
---D-ad--j--T--- 2/#1589030
> chattr -D -a -d -j -T 2/\#1589030
> rmdir 2/\#1589030


I have a very similar problem with a Toshiba Portege R935 in 12.04. I can't change the brightness after suspending and resuming.

The Grub line didn't help either (actually with that line, it stopped working even before suspending).

In the meantime, I discovered this workaround:

as root, change the value in sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness. for instance:

echo 2937 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

Warning: these values are not between 0 and 7 (as the ones in the other directory), but between 284 and 4539, or something like that.


How can I add Ubuntu Unity Desktop to existing Ubuntu 20.04 installation?

Keep in mind that you have to follow the following steps.

Install Unity Desktop Environment
Set LightDM as your default Display Manager(Optional)
Then While logging in choose Unity from session manager.

1st thing first, fire up terminal then try $ sudo apt install ubuntu-unity-desktop
This will help to install ubuntu unity desktop and other relevant packages
In the mean time it will pop-up display manager configuration information. Use tab key to navigate to lightdm and hit ok.
(It's very unlikely you have to follow this step)If for any reason LightDm won't get installed. You can mannually install by $sudo apt install lightdm. And to go Display manager configuration information use $ sudo update-alternatives --config lightdm.
Reboot your pc. Then if everything goes straight then you can see lightdm login screen instead of gdm3 login screen.
Then Enter password, Mark the ubuntu logo besides your user name (It's the session manager). Click here and choose Unity(Default).
Wow here you get Ubuntu running Unity desktop. If you decide to stick with unity and remove gnome-shell, you can follow the link How to remove GNOME Shell from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS to install other desktop environment from scratch? .
Otherwise before logging in you can always select Ubuntu(Gnome one) or Unity from the session manager. If you once select Unity It will be selected by default unless you won't change.
Thanks and Regards
Sabyasachi Rout


Ubuntu Core/snap as a base for a virtualization host?

Ubuntu Core would make a great minimalist, secure hypervisor, yes. I think you will want to look at creating some specific snap interfaces in snapd to enable access to the hypervisor capabilities of the system, but once you have that you'll be able to make snaps that launch VMs and attach them to networks easily enough.


Keyboard shortcut to select full file name including extension

In Nemo and Nautilus (not in Thunar), you just have to press F2 twice after selecting the file.


It's explained at Ubuntu Wiki.

Summarizing what is there:

Ubuntu is baked by Canonical, so there is a team (that, in fact, are various teams) behind Ubuntu, and as many know, the leader is Mark Shuttleworth. This team decides almost everything about Ubuntu, although they do not do all the work themselves, here is where FOSS takes part in Ubuntu.

The community helps constructing Ubuntu, mainly through Launchpad, where people report bugs, release fixes and make the translations, the help is also made by actively participating in individual projects that Ubuntu makes use of, such as a ffmpeg or Nautilus projects.

GitHub also plays an important role when we are talking about helping projects not just by translating and reporting bugs, but also by being a contributor developer.

To decide the steps that Ubuntu will take at each release they promote the Ubuntu Developer Summit that intents to bring together a diverse range of participants and to provide the perfect environment for mutual collaboration and best practice.

In order to keep communication for the sake of collaboration Ubuntu uses mailing lists in order to evolve with productivity and accordance.

To put all these pieces together and make Ubuntu happen is the work of the Ubuntu Teams.

So, this is how Ubuntu works!


Dual booting windows 7 and Ubuntu 14.04 - I can boot into W7, but I only hear sound, no display

Try installing Boot-repair for Ubuntu with a live CD. Check the option for "Repair Windows Files".


Headphone or Earphone stopped working after upgrade to 15.10

Have you tried to change the setting/configuration of pulseaudio? Maybe something went wrong during the update to 15.10.

To check your configuration you have to install pavucontrol (if you haven't installed it before):

sudo apt-get install pavucontrol


How do I get Ubuntu grub to recognize dual boot

Using a live Ubuntu cd
And running boot-repair should fix the issue.

After you have loaded the live cd in "try mode".

open a terminal (ctl alt t)
Then run the following command one by one to install the boot repair.
Add boot-repair to the repository

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

Update the package

sudo apt-get update

Next install boot-repair

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

Upgarde and run.

sudo apt-get upgrade &&  boot-repair

Or select it by System->Aministration->Boot Repair.


Cursor theme changes to default after re-login

Try this one

You must have a hidden directory and a file named index.theme in your user home directory like ~/.icons/default/index.theme

open it with your text editor and replace Inherits with :

[Icon Theme]
Name=Default
Comment=Default Cursor Theme
Inherits=dmz-black

Then logout and login

If your mouse theme changes per application then

open ccsm > general options and enter your mouse theme name in Default Icon

There is a tool named lxappearance in repo, you can use it to customize your theme with it.


Where can I find the refind.conf configuration file?

Although refind is good, there seems to be an awful lot missing from the instructions page, it could do with being proofread by someone other than the author so that all the dozens of "what does that mean?" or "where's that located?" questions can be answered right at the start. What's obvious to someone writing the program may not be so obvious to those trying to use it.

Anyway, to find its proper location I managed to find some clues in the uninstall portion of the instructions. These point back to the manual installation guide for instructions on mounting the unmounted EFI partition, et voila!

diskutil list to get a list of partitions, in my case EFI is disk0s1.

mkdir /Volumes/esp to create somewhere to mount the volume to.

sudo mount -t msdos /dev/disk0s1 /Volumes/esp to mount the volume.

Now look in /Volumes/esp/EFI/refind to find your refind.conf file. Alternatively Finder will now have mounted a disk called EFI in your Devices list on the left-hand-side, so you can click on that and browse to EFI/refind.

Googling for the answer found this page so hopefully this little snippet of info will be useful for others trying to track it down.


I just created Ubuntu Gnome bootable usb. How to know whether it is BIOS of UEFI?

Depending on how you created the USB boot drive, it works in both [U]EFI and BIOS (alias CSM alias legacy) mode. If you clone the iso file to the USB drive, it will boot in both boot modes. In the original question I can see the iso9660 partition, which indicates a cloned system.  And you set the boot mode in the UEFI/BIOS menu system, which is part of the computer.
You may want to test if your live system is running in UEFI or BIOS mode. An installed system and a live system too is using the directory /sys/firmware/efi, so you can run the following command line,

test -d /sys/firmware/efi && echo efi || echo bios

Please notice that you will install a system, that works in the current boot mode,

If you install in UEFI mode, the installed system will work in UEFI mode
If you install in BIOS alias CSM alias legacy mode, the installed system will work in BIOS mode.


Sorry it took me a while to get back to this. I found the answer to my problem, and hopefully this will help others in the future.

When I installed Ubuntu 18.04 onto the hard drive, it used GRUB as the bootloader and wrote over the windows boot loader. Since I installed Ubuntu in UEFI, this became the new default method of loading the operating system. Here's how I fixed things:

From a windows machine, go to https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10 and download the media creator tool. (This is important, because installing the windows 10 iso with rufus didn't work. I imagine the windows media creator added something to help start the install).
Start Dell Laptop and enter bios settings menu (F2) at splash screen.
Select "Restore Settings" and choose "BIOS Defaults". This will eliminate whatever part of the GRUB that was left causing the windows install to fail.
Shut down computer, plug in Windows 10 USB created with the Windows Media Creation Tool, start up computer and boot from USB by pressing F12 at the splash screen. Choose the USB under UEFI Options.
The windows install should start, and you should be able to install a fully functioning Windows 10. Then you are good to install the Ubuntu alongside Windows 10 as you would with any other dual boot situation.

Needless to say, I learned my dual boot lesson, windows first, THEN Linux.


1- Create a new File Named 0408:ea25 in /etc/usb.modeswitch.d and put Config Data:

sudo nano /etc/usb.modeswitch.d/0408:ea25

Copy the Below Text

    DefaultVendor=  0x0408
    DefaultProduct= 0xea25
    TargetVendor=   0x0408
    TargetProduct=  0xea26
    MessageContent="5553424312345678000000000000061b004600000000000000000000000000"
    CheckSuccess=20

2- Add a new Rule to modeswitch rules:

sudo nano /lib/udev/rules.d/40-usb_modeswitch.rules

copy this line @ the end of the file:

ATTRS{idVendor}=="0408", ATTRS{idProduct}=="ea25", RUN+="usb_modeswitch '%b/%k'"

3- Restart udev

sudo service udev restart

4- Add Detection Command to modprobe

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/mobily-lte.conf

copy the below text

options usbserial vendor=0x0408 product=0xea26

5- Remove and Add usbserial config, This will Detect the Device

sudo rmmod usbserial
sudo modprobe usbserial

6- Configure a new Connection in Network Manager

For more Information and Visual Gudie Visit this Post I made.


How to format entire HDD to it's factory condition?

Just create a new partition table, and this will get rid of all the partitions. You can do this in Gparted by going to "Device" and then "Create Partition Table".


The global declaration of any option (in options) can be overwritten by a local declaration (e.g. in zone, view) of the same option.

The same is happening in your case too.

You have a global option allow-transfer { 172.31.31.48; 127.0.0.1; }; which is overwritten by the declaration in the zone definition zone "ns.insec" as allow-transfer { 172.31.31.48; };. So you won't be able to transfer the zone to localhost.

To solve this, make the declaration in zone "ns.insec" as

allow-transfer { 172.31.31.48; 127.0.0.1; };

Or if you want to use the global one (which is not a good idea always), remove the allow-transfer directive from zone "ns.insec" definition.


Install SSL Certificate for Electron Application

Calling the app.importCertificate API providing the certificate in pkcs12 format does the trick.


What do network interfaces mean in three-node architecture with OpenStack Networking?

The documentation is a bit poor and assumes a bit of knowledge.

Anyway, it all depends on the setup.  Typically there are a number of logical networks.

Are you installing using the manual steps or are you using an installer such as RDO, as you may find the networking models slightly different ?

A typical setup would have something like this.

Management / API - this gives you ssh access onto the box, and exposes the service APIs so that clients can remotely interface with the cloud.

Internal - communication between services in a multi node setup.  On test setups this is often collapsed into management.

Private / instance - in Openstack your tenants can create virtual networks.  There are a number of ways to do this but GRE it VXLAN is fairly popular.  This acts as an encapsulation layer running over the top of your l2 network.

External then is usually a routable ip, and is either a network that gives direct access to your VMs, or is a range that is used for your floating IPs.


Samba share read only for guests, read write for authenticated users

Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf

# command line
sudo -e /etc/samba/smb.conf

# graphical
gksu gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

Add in the write list paramter to your share definition, add in your list of users allowed write access.

write list = user1 user2 user3

You can use read list as well

read list = guest, nobody

So ...

[share]
comment = Ubuntu Share
path = /your/samba/share
browsable = yes
guest ok = yes
read only = yes
write list = user1 user2 user3
create mask = 0755

If you need finer grain of control, you can use acl (access control lists) on the server.


How to create a timed shutdown, based on idle state?

Currently this is not possible in the power settings, you can however install an application called EasyShutdown that will let you achieve what you want.

To find out more visit the Launchpad page for the project.


Nautilus 3.26.4 crashes when pressing CTRL+N a few times in a row

You encountered a bug with your version of Gnome Files, aka nautilus. In general, to help solve bugs, these should be reported to the developers. This issue in fact has been filed already to the developers, and has been investigated (https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/issues/722).

Workaround: take a little time opening new windows, and try not to open many at once.

Resolution: a new version of nautilus will ship with the forthcoming Ubuntu 19.04.


Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

Log in as root:

exec sudo -i

Identify the disk partition:

fdisk -l

Suppose it is /dev/sdb1, create the directory where to mount it ~/Data:

mkdir /home/user/Data

Make your user the owner

chown -R user-name /home/user/Data

Find the uuid of the partition to mount:

blkid /dev/sdb1

Suppose it is:

/dev/sdb1: UUID="10b4bb49-326f-4fef-973e-4feb1e3a17ba" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="7a028e88-01"

Edit your file /etc/fstab:

nano /etc/fstab

Add the lines to mount the partition /dev/sdb1, assuming it is ext4 file system:

# /home/user/Data was on /dev/sdb1
UUID=10b4bb49-326f-4fef-973e-4feb1e3a17ba /home/user/Data  ext4    defaults        0       2

Ctrl+O  Save File

Ctrl+X  Close Nano
Continue running:

mount -a

Your secondary disk should be mounted in ~/Data ready to use.


How do I check the status of my drivers and install them if needed?

This has been answered before but in two parts.

First displaying loaded kernel modules.

  Linux (and Ubuntu as well) doesn't have separate entity as "device
  drivers", Linux has kernel modules which could be called "drivers" for
  real or virtual hardware depending on their functionality.

  Use lsmod or cat /proc/modules to see list of loaded kernel
  modules. Also you can see list of all available (installed) kernel
  modules in system using:

ls -R /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/

  Source | find list of installed device drivers ubuntu

Next, using Software Sources > Additional Drivers, for installing device drivers, often proprietary.

  Unity (15.10 and 15.04/14.04/13.04/14.10/13.10/12.10)

  Click on the gear icon on the top right corner of your screen and
  click on "System Settings" from that menu, click on Software Sources
  (or you can click on the Ubuntu button and search for "Sources":

  and then on the Additional drivers tab:

  Source | How do I install additional drivers?


M.2 to M.2 SSD, replace smaller with larger drive with a single M.2 slot

I would use Clonezilla, http://clonezilla.org, for this task. Download an iso file and make a USB boot drive with Clonezilla.

Let Clonezilla create a compressed Clonezilla image in a partition of the 2 TB  HDD. (The image is a directory with several files.)

Then you can swap the m.2 ssd sticks and restore from the compressed Clonezilla image into the new and bigger ssd stick.

The result is a cloned image, with the same size of the partitions. Test that it works.

When you know that it works, you can boot from a USB boot drive with gparted (for example an Ubuntu live drive) and use gparted to edit the partition table, to take advantage of whole drive, to 'grow' the partitions.


Can't disable power management in Kubuntu 15.04 Desktop

Go to SystemSettings → Workplace → Desktop Behavior → Screen Locking and uncheck Lock screen automatically after. Test this.

Auto screen locking should disappear.

But screen can be auto turned off because of SystemSettings → Hardware → Power Management → Energy Saving. I recommend unchecking all timers (Dim screen, Screen energy saving, Suspend session).

After that, close the System Settings window, and then open it again and check if these options stay disabled. If they appear to be still active then you have encountered the bug in Plasma 5 that I have now, and the only solution for me is manually remove some lines from the file

$HOME/.config/powermanagementprofilesrc

or just (make a backup copy under another name and) delete the original... and re-login, and then check the options again...

When you watch video with smplayer, you can enable "heartbeat" in smplayer to simulate user activity and prevent energy saving actions by plasma.

In the smplayer window go to Options → Preferences → Advanced → Options for mplayer/mpv → Options insert this line in the text box:

-heartbeat-cmd="qdbus org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver /ScreenSaver org.freedesktop.ScreenSaver.SimulateUserActivity"


Cannot access ext drive properly (rwx problems)

You could set your partition in /etc/fstab as follows:

UUID=96eaefa9-b32f-446b-baaf-c780f7fd8ada /partition_mountpoint_path           ext4    defaults  0   2

You could get a UUID from sudo blkid command output.

But to access it you should have required permissions to change its folders and files ownership.

For example, if you want your user to access (read/write) some test folder on it, make sure it has appropriate ownership:

ls -ailh /path_to_drive_with_folder

For example, one folder in my user's directory looks like this:

786848 drwxrwxr-x  5 user user  4.0K Mar  2 12:07  .ViberPC

If you have something like:

786848 drwxrwxr-x  5 root root  4.0K Mar  2 12:07  myfolder

Then change its ownership the next way:

sudo chown -R user:user /pathtoyourdrive/myfolder

Your user should have permissions to read/write inside of that folder.
drwx: directory, read, write, execute
d rwx rwx rwx: directory, user, group, others
drwxrwxr-x means everyone could read and execute files, but only user and users from group could write. Others do not have write permission.

And yes, uid 0 is root. You could find out it by cat /etc/passwd | grep root


To install the ISO on a USB stick on ubuntu, you can use the startup disk creator as described here.

On windows, you can use the USB installer provided at pendrivelinux.com.
You'll find the download here.

Once you have the bootable USB stick, switch off your computer and insert the USB drive. If you switch on the computer, enter the BIOS menu and choose to boot from USB. You normally find a message when booting how to enter BIOS on your system. (Something like 'Press F12 to enter boot menu')


Logitech c310 with Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS

Turns out that the camera was working but the light was not.
Thanks for anyone who was working on an answer.


Apache2 restart issues after editing virtualhost

You need to "Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this [warning] message". For this purpose edit /etc/apache2/apache2.conf and place somewhere inside the directive:

ServerName localhost

Or instead localhost you can use some other host name defined in /etc/hosts, or a domain name which is connected to your server if there is one.

In this context, the term Globally or Server config level, as it is described on Apache's website, "means that the directive may be used in the server configuration files (e.g., httpd.conf or apache2.conf), but not within any <VirtualHost> or <Directory> containers. It is not allowed in .htaccess files at all."


Try this.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get --purge remove kde-standard

Also to clean the list, go to /usr/share/xsessions/, and delete the ones that you want.  Keep in mind this will only remove the DE from the list.


Is there any web API for Software Center available?

Well, yes. Keep in mind that

The only acknowledged consumer of this API is the Software Center project. The syntax can and probably will be viciously deprecated in the future, with no regard for third parties.
In the future, the Software Center may come to multiplex applications from other source APIs, such as those of Mozilla Marketplace and Appstream. As such this API may not be comprehensive.
If you abuse this API you will be blocked.

With all those caveats aside
Applications
https://software-center.ubuntu.com/api/2.0/applications/$LANG/ubuntu/$SERIES/$ARCH/

will return a JSON document detailing third party applications currently installable for a given language code, release name prefix, and architecture. For example, here are the Software Center items currently provided for Ubuntu 12.04.
For technical reasons that would be constitutionally painful to explain, applications available from the Ubuntu archives (eg the Universe) are handled by a data package: app-install-data. You can get the list with apt-get source -t $SERIES app-install-data and handle it on your server locally; it doesn't change very often.
Reviews
http://reviews.ubuntu.com/reviews/api/1.0/reviews/filter/$LANG/ubuntu/$SERIES/$VERSION/$PACKAGE/

Will get you reviews for a package. Note that most fields here can be replaced with any. For example, here are reviews of Warsaw written for 11.10.
Ratings
http://reviews.ubuntu.com/reviews/api/1.0/review-stats/ubuntu/$SERIES/

Will get you all ratings for all packages.
Images
http://screenshots.ubuntu.com/thumbnail-with-version/$PACKAGE/$VERSION
http://screenshots.ubuntu.com/screenshot-with-version/$PACKAGE/$VERSION

Will get you the thumbnail and screenshot for an application. For example, here is VLC's latest screenshot.
Other minor metadata
/usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/distro/Ubuntu.py
/usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/backend/piston/

For more API fun, visit these paths in your file browser. It's all in very readable Python. There's a lot of miscellanea for things like pagination, filtering, licensing text, review statistics, etcetera that you might be interested in:


Reset Ubuntu on a netbook that came with it as its OS

I know for a fact I don't need to reinstall Ubuntu from an external source to do a 'factory reset' since I did it by mistake once, my Netbook crashed and then just went through the process

That smells like a recovery partition. If you want to make sure: fire up gparted and have a look at the partition lay-out.

This has not really anything to do with Ubuntu/Linux but more how computers work and are set up.

If the manufacturer of the system created this they set up a bootable partition that holds an installation setup of Ubuntu 12.04. And you can start this by selecting the partition from the boot options from within your BIOS. Often these installs include system specific drivers and software for your system incorporated into the installation.

A bootable recovery partition will be booted when the system does not find a valid other boot option so that is probably what happend when your system crashed. And yes, this will format the disk, removing any file you stored. You are supposed to make regular backups in case something this happens.

There probably also will be a function key you can press during the boot process (before grub is started) to start the recovery.

Mind though that it would be smart to overwrite this partition with a new Ubuntu before 12.04 goes end of life or you might end up with half an install (only the install from the partition and not the mandatory update from the repositories you need to start after the install). Refreshing this partition with a 16.04 (or soon 18.04) version would extend the time frame before that goes end of life. If the partition holds a specific tailored installation you might need to download it from the manufacturer to also include the extras from their version. If there is not one this is not too much of a problem: find out what those packages are and you just need to install them yourself.


How can I disable the Ethernet card Power Saving?

After some researches I found this:

What:       /sys/devices/.../power/control
Date:       January 2009
Contact:    Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Description:
        The /sys/devices/.../power/control attribute allows the user
        space to control the run-time power management of the device.

        All devices have one of the following two values for the
        power/control file:

        + "auto\n" to allow the device to be power managed at run time;
        + "on\n" to prevent the device from being power managed;

        The default for all devices is "auto", which means that they may
        be subject to automatic power management, depending on their
        drivers.  Changing this attribute to "on" prevents the driver
        from power managing the device at run time.  Doing that while
        the device is suspended causes it to be woken up.

Source documentation from: The Kernel Documentation

So the final solution I found is the following one:

sudo echo "on" > /sys/class/net/"$(ls /sys/class/net/ | grep -E '^e')"/power/control

The "$(ls /sys/class/net/ | grep -E '^e')" block is used to find the first 'e' device (Ethernet Device Card).

UPDATE:
At the end, I managed how to run this script every 5 seconds as root, just add the following script as /etc/cron.d/ethernet-control

SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=""

* * * * * root for i in {1..12}; do (echo 'on' > /sys/class/net/"$(ls /sys/class/net/ | grep -E '^e')"/power/control) 2>/dev/null; sleep 5; done;


Since the file encoding has been reported as iso-8859-1 , you can convert the encoding of a file using iconv -f old-encoding -t new-encoding inputfile > outputfile

More info: http://www.shellhacks.com/en/HowTo-Determine-and-Change-File-Character-Encoding


HDMI on Raspberry Pi 4b on Ubuntu 19.10.1

I just needed to edit /boot/firmware/usercfg.txt.

Here are the lines I placed in /boot/firmware/usercfg.txt.

dtparam=audio=on
hdmi_force_edid_audio=1
disable_overscan=1


Go back to ubuntu packages after installing from an external repository?

Determine the first date that you added the Kali repository, and inspect /var/log/apt/history.log for packages installed on and after that date. These are the packages that may have come from the Kali repository, and that you should reinstall.

It should be a simple matter of editing to transform this list of packages (remove the version information info, 1-entry-per-line, etc), then feed this cleaned up list of packages to sudo apt-get install --reinstall. You may have to feed the list of packages to |xargs sudo apt-get install --reinstall (see man xargs) if there are too many.


That script itself must be sourced for it to make changes to the current shell. If you run the script, a new instance of bash is started to interpret the commands in the script. This new instance cannot alter its parent, thus any aliases that are set in the script, dies with the script.


HOWTO: run Tor and Vidalia on Ubuntu easily, browse and IM anonymously

Okay, so, for this installation process we'll be using the Tor browser bundle. It's a neat package that contains anything necessary to use Tor as you'd normally use it, but it also contains a modified version of Mozilla Firefox that's called the TorBrowser. You don't have to use all of the software included. This guide will cover both using the TorBrowser and simply configuring Tor for routing any other kind of (techspeak: TCP-only) traffic through Tor.

First things first, we gotta download the thing. Find out if your Ubuntu install is 32 or 64-bit. If you don't know how to do this, here's a simple way. Hit Ctrl-Alt-T. A terminal window will pop up. Type in uname -m and hit Enter. If this outputs x86_64 then you're on a 64-bit system. Otherwise, you're on a 32-bit one. Now go over here and download the browser bundle for your architecture. Once the download is finished, head over to whereever the download is stored, right click the downloaded archive and choose Extract here, as shown below.

Once the unpacking has finished, you will get a directory called tor-browser_en-US if you downloaded the English version, or tor-browser_ru_RU if you downloaded the Russian one, and so on. Head over to this directory. Now, it's time to decide what to do. If you are an unexperienced user and simply want to browse anonymously, just double-click start-tor-browser. You may be asked what to do with this file, choose Run. A Vidalia window will pop up. Once it says Connected to the Tor network!, wait for a couple seconds and TorBrowser will also open.  Browse as much as you'd like, after done just exit Vidalia and TorBrowser.

All that is fine for browsing, but Tor is also capable of encrypting other kind of traffic. Since showing the browser window every time isn't a necessity, and since the configuration used in Tor Browser Bundle is optimal for web browsing but not much else, and it's best to leave it alone since it's a good configuration for using the TorBrowser, the bundle also includes stand-alone versions of Tor and Vidalia. To use Tor standalone, without the browser, just head over to the App folder and double-click the vidalia file. This will open up a "clean" Tor session with the default configurations for everything, as if you installed from the package manager (although it tends to work better). However, there is a problem -- it doesn't autodetect the GeoIP database, which is necessary for certain Tor options to work properly. This is an easy fix, actually. Click Settings, go to the Advanced tab and click Edit current torrc. The file is empty by default, which is just fine, since default options are set automatically. You'll need to add a line saying GeoIPFile /path/to/tor-browser_en-US/Data/Tor/geoip where /path/to/ is whatever directory you downloaded the bundle to. Click OK twice and you're all set. If you're familiar with Tor, you may also set any kind of advanced options, but this should be fine for most things. However, you will need to route apps through Tor. The easiest way to do so is to simply modify your system's proxy settings. Go to System Settings and choose Network, then fill out the settings like shown below.  Note that 9050 is the default tor port, if you changed that, of course you should use a different one here too. Also, since this isn't the default port used by the TorBrowser when you use start-tor-browser, you can run both the TorBrowser and the standalone Vidalia at the same time, with entirely different settings, and they won't even interfere with each other!

Finally, here are a few helpful launchers. Place these in /home/yourname/.local/share/applications and make sure they have a .desktop extension. They will add the Tor Browser and Vidalia to your launcher menus. Of course, you must substitute paths appropriately.

For Tor Browser:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Tor Browser
Comment=A secure version of Firefox, from the Tor project
Icon=firefox
Exec=/path/to/tor-browser_en-US/start-tor-browser
Path=/path/to/tor-browser_en-US
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=false
Categories=Network
Name[en_CA]=Tor Browser
Comment[en_CA]=A secure version of Firefox, from the Tor project

For stand-alone Vidalia:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Vidalia
Comment=A control panel for Tor
Icon=/path/to/tor-browser_en-US/App/Firefox/icons/updater.png
Exec=/path/to/tor-browser_en-US/App/vidalia
Path=/path/to/tor-browser_en-US/App
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=false
Categories=Network
Name[en_CA]=Vidalia
Comment[en_CA]=A control panel for Tor

I hope this solution has helped you as much as it helped me. Happy safe surfing!


Is there a way to get thin scrollbars in 10.10?

This is currently not available in 10.10.

The offical packages in Launchpad.net are just for Natty and Oneiric:

  Packages in Distributions

  “overlay-scrollbar” source package in Oneiric

  Version 0.1.12-0ubuntu1 uploaded on 2011-04-27

  “overlay-scrollbar” source package in Natty

  Version 0.1.12-0ubuntu1 uploaded on 2011-04-27

Alternatively in Natty; you can switch to the Classic Ubuntu desktop and it has the new overlay-scrollbars:


Copying files to an NTFS marks them as "shared" in Vista

There is a default user mapping between linux uid/gid to Windows user accounts. Also a default creation mask can be defined during mount time.

There should be a ntfs-3g man page available already. My guess is that once you mount the ntfs volume with the 'inherit' option, the created files should inherit the access rights from their parent folder.


Showing notification in Ubuntu based installs

Calling notifications from applications on Ubuntu

Definitely the third one, using either subprocess.call() or subprocess.Popen(). Noting to import but subprocess. Nothing new to install. Simple and easy, always works perfectly.

A few examples:

Simply a text notification:

subprocess.Popen(["notify-send", "some text"])

A title and some text:

subprocess.Popen(["notify-send", "Title", "some text"])

An icon, a title and some text:

img = "/path/to/icon.png"
subprocess.Popen(["notify-send", "-i", img, "Title", "some text"])


Can I Flash Ubuntu Touch to Wiko Cink Slim

If your phone is not in this list (and I don't see it) you can try to do a port by yourself, following this guide, or asking to someone on XDA


Where does Ubuntu store its library files?

Depending on library, ubuntu stores its libraries mainly in three locations

/lib
/usr/lib
/usr/local/lib

Following is from File System Hierarchy Standard

/lib

  The /lib directory contains those
  shared library images needed to boot
  the system and run the commands in the
  root filesystem, ie. by binaries in
  /bin and /sbin.

/usr/lib

  /usr/lib includes object files,
  libraries, and internal binaries that
  are not intended to be executed
  directly by users or shell scripts.
  [22]

  Applications may use a single
  subdirectory under /usr/lib. If an
  application uses a subdirectory, all
  architecture-dependent data
  exclusively used by the application
  must be placed within that
  subdirectory.

/usr/local/lib contains local libraries i.e one specific for this system but I can not find references to /usr/local/lib in FHS, it only contains explanation for /usr/local.


Here is soultoion using tiny oldie tool: "xxkb"

$ sudo apt-get install xxkb

$ cat > ~/.Xkbmap

Here paste this code raplacing ru in layout setting with your locale code:

  -layout us,ru
  -variant ,winkeys
  -option grp:lwin_toggle,grp_led:scroll

$ cat > ~/.xxkbrc

XXkb.image.path: /usr/share/xxkb
XXkb.group.base: 1
XXkb.group.alt: 2
XXkb.mainwindow.enable: no
XXkb.mainwindow.type: tray
XXkb.mainwindow.image.1: en15.xpm
XXkb.mainwindow.image.2: ru15.xpm
XXkb.mainwindow.image.3:
XXkb.mainwindow.image.4:
XXkb.mainwindow.appicon: yes
XXkb.mainwindow.geometry: 15x15+2+2
XXkb.mainwindow.in_tray: false
XXkb.button.enable: no
XXkb.app_list.wm_class_name.start_alt: skype
XXkb.controls.add_when_start: yes
XXkb.controls.add_when_create: yes
XXkb.controls.add_when_change: no
XXkb.controls.focusout: no
XXkb.mainwindow.label.enable: no


Well I would first check in the dash and type in the box the keyword "additional drivers." This certain tool, will see if you are missing a driver and devices in the system. Especially for My wifi device. Really important check it out. My second advice would be checking out the company that made it, let it be sprint, version, or att. The very last choice would be doing some research for this exact problem. Hope this helped.


SSH ControlMaster Tunneling - WORKS (11) BROKEN (10 LTS)

There was a bug in openssh where slave connections could not pass new tunnel requests to the master connection.  It was fixed in 5.4p1.

Ubuntu 10.04 LTS is currently on openssh 5.3, whereas Ubuntu 11.10 is on 5.8, so only the newer workstation will have the fix.


HDMI and Bumblebee, Washed out Colors and Low Resolution

Possibly because your non-accelerated GPU is determining resolutions? Bumblebee forces the Optimus nvidia GPU to do the maths while the on board intel HD GPU does the drawing. Meaning while you get faster graphics, it's not being achieved solely by the nvidia GPU and is subject to the restrictions of the intel HD (or whatever you have).


How do I mount my external USB drive from the LiveCD so I can get files off of my laptop?

Edit:Forcing a mount is not too dangerous, as long as you use read-only. We'll begin by(assuming your hard disk partition is /dev/sdb1, run

sudo blockdev --setro /dev/sdb

and

sudo blockdev --setro /dev/sdb1

(At least one should succeed). Then, without rebooting, we shall run

sudo mkdir /media/mountrecovery

followed by

sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 /media/mountrecovery -o force

This will mount your filesystem as read only at /media/mountrecovery

Old answer:

You may have corrupted something very important for the filesystem to work.
Try opening My Computer under Windows XP, right-clicking your failed hard disk and clicking on Properties>Tools tab>Check Now. Run the check. If it wants to reschedule after a reboot, let it do that and reboot with the hard disk connected. Then, it should work.(The damage doesn't look too bad) If not, you'll need to salvage your files.
 You can try getting DiskDigger(Too bad not FOSS), and running it under Windows XP on the hard disk that held the data you lost. You can then restore these files to an external hard disk.(Use quick mode and if it fails, use the long, thorough mode. If it's fragmented, you may only find bits and pieces.


How to change the configuration path to pick a different JAVA executable?

The update-alternatives command will let you pick which version of Java to use:

user@host:~$ update-alternatives --config java

While it's generally not a good idea to change it manually (use the command above), you can observe that the actual java binary used when you type "java" is controlled by a series of symbolic links:

user@host:~$ which java
/usr/bin/java
user@host:~$ ls -l /usr/bin/java
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Jan  3 09:03 /usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java
user@host:~$ ls -l /etc/alternatives/java
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 46 Jan  3 09:03 /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java


Quit applications while switching with alt + tab?

If you have pushed alt + tab, you should see something like this:

If you select the program you wish to close and then release tab and press ~ it will open a smaller version of the application in the switcher and it will display the X in the top left corner as such:

If you click the X it will close the program.


How do I explain the contents of the profile file

The below answer is based on .bash_profile vs. .bashrc by Josh Staiger. For more details please review the content of that page.

  According to the bash man page, .bash_profile is executed for login
  shells, while .bashrc is executed for interactive non-login shells.

  Most of the time you don’t want to maintain two separate config files
  for login and non-login shells — when you set a PATH, you want it to
  apply to both. You can fix this by sourcing .bashrc from your
  .bash_profile file, then putting PATH and common settings in
  .bashrc.

  To do this, add the following lines to .bash_profile:

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
   source ~/.bashrc
fi

The above code does the following:

Check if  ~/.bashrc exists.
If the file exists it, source it ("execute it").


How to make Ctrl-Alt-Num 4 and 6 shortcuts work?

You can try enabling the "Put" compiz plugin using the CompizConf settings manager. You might need to change the key bindings to match your preferences.


I guess that the USB is bootable and the iso fine as everything opens fine on another PC as well as with MobaLiveCD.

Yes I can setup the PC to only boot from the usb (or from the cd drive).


Can I install a beta/alpha/development version using Wubi?

Yes, of course, not only you can, but Ubuntu is always short on Wubi testers, you are encouraged to try it.

You will find the wubi installer inside the testing iso of development Ubuntu versions.

For 12.04, you need to download an iso from here. You will find wubi.exe inside it.


Free non-monospaced font with clearly distinguishable 0 (zero) character

It will take some work sorting through different fonts, but Google Fonts are free and can be easily downloaded to your computer. It's an easy way to browse, and you can type specific characters to display.


Completely nuked my libdrm2 package, need help

Solved it! Purged libdrm2, reinstalled libdrm2, rebooted, and all is well with the apt dependency warnings. Interestingly it also solved my 100% cpu usage on HTML5 video. If anyone else is having issues with libdrm2 on a similar platform, my guess is a dpkg-reconfigure would solve it.


Which partition to select as device for boot loader in an EFI mode install?

While with BIOS/MBR systems you install to the MBR and almost never to a partition, with UEFI you always install to the efi partition. It actually should default to install to that partition anyway and you can only have one efi partition (with boot flag) per drive.

In your case installing grub to sda3 the efi partition is correct. You should see multiple folders for each system you have installed, in Ubuntu they are mounted at /boot/efi and on the drive you have ubuntu & Microsoft folders with boot files:

/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
/boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi

Grub2's os-prober has a bug and only creates BIOS boot entries which do not work with UEFI. You do not chainload to the Windows install like BIOS, but chain load to the efi partition. Boot-Repair can automatically create entries in 25_custom or you can manually add entries as shown in bug report to your 40_custom.

grub2's os-prober creates wrong style (BIOS) chain boot entry
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2/+bug/1024383
type of entry from Boot-Repair that should work.
menuentry "Windows UEFI bkpbootmgfw.efi" {
menuentry "Windows Boot UEFI loader" {
Type of entry that does not work:
'Windows ...) (on /dev/sdXY)'
Some info in Post #3 on cleaning up menus, if desired.
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2085530


The problem is that my computer claims that no LXDM service exists to "stop." How should I go about killing the current session so I can run Xorg -configure?

Try:

service lightdm stop


Please give me some information for doing partition

If you are not sure about what to do, I'd recommend just follow the instructions of the installer and go with the partitioning suggested there, especially since you state yourself you are not an expert.

But, please make sure you have saved all your important data since partitioning or reformatting a drive will lead to data loss.

Messing about too much with partitioning is not a good idea on your machine anyway because Ubuntu has a minimum requirement of 15 GB (see the System Requirement page at help.ubuntu.com), so just go with what is suggested during the installation process.

So if you are confronted with a screen like this during the installation http://www.linuxbsdos.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Uinstall1-600x413.png, go with one of the first three to options -- whichever you prefer and fits your needs.

You could also take a look at this guide to learn a little bit about partitioning http://www.linuxbsdos.com/2011/05/04/manual-disk-partitioning-guide-for-ubuntu-11-04/


Can I only display the Ubuntu system tray/bar on one monitor?

No, there is no way to do this. However, if VMWare is full-screen, it should be on top of the stack, hiding the top panel. If it is not, this sounds like possibly a bug in VMware.


KEYEXPIRED error while apt-get update and there is no expired key in apt-key list

To solve the problem I just needed to get new key by following command.
I couldn't find out why the key isn't recognized expired in apt-key list, though.

curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -


How to remove wine and its dependencies?

i would suggest using apt-get autoremove and after it is done use synaptic or something to fix broken dependencies. Not sure if this will work but is what i would try. i removed wine and used the apt-get autoremove on my 15.10 and it worked fine. maybe you need to do a system update or something. one thing i didnt do is sudo apt-get purge i usually use synaptic an right click and select mark for complete removal it had me install a generic version of somehting cant quite remember now but then i auto removed most of the same things you did and it asked me to reboot and booted just fine.


If you installed as a dualboot and let grub install it's bootloader it should be as simple as deleting the windows partition - obviously back up anything you wish to keep. If you have other ntfs partitions, for data for instance, be careful to remove the correct one.

I would also be inclined to burn the w7 repair discs if you have not done so already - just in case.

If you installed as a wubi install then it is not quite as simple - you need to either reinstall ubuntu as a dualboot - not as wubi.

You could try this if it is a wubi install.  https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide#How_do_I_migrate_to_a_real_partition.2C_and.2BAC8-or_get_rid_of_Windows_entirely.3F


This is a known bug, as a workaround you can turn them back on again by click the button:

Which can be located in the gnome-tweak-tool's Extension section in the top-right hand corner next to the window-control buttons (minimize, maximize and close). In fact, it can be seen in the screenshot you provide.


GTK applications look ugly in KDE Plasma 5

KDE Plasma 5.18 has moved things about a bit.

If a GTK application doesn't look proper, please open System Settings > Application Style and then, near the bottom, click on Configure GNOME/GTK Application Style .... In the window that opens, choose a suitable GTK2/GTK3 theme but preferably not Raleigh. You'll see an approximate preview of your choice as well.


OK, let me write a short clarification. There are two different users: Shannon and root. In Ubuntu, by default, root does not have a password at all and cannot log in at all. If Shannon wants to do a task requiring root privileges, he uses the command sudo that consults a file called  /etc/sudoers and has the ability to turn Shannon into root.

By default, sudo wants to make sure that Shannon actually is Shannon and not his dog who just took over the keyboard. This is why sudo asks user Shannon for his (and not root's) password. Also note that "a task requiring root privileges" can be a bash shell, which essentially means that you can log in as root (without using root password!).

So, it is not that the two users (Shannon and root) have different passwords, but that the password of root is not actually being asked for at all.

Personally, I don't have a dog; that is why I modified /etc/sudoers in such a way that it never asks me for my password -- being there is sufficient. Using the command sudo visudo I have edited /etc/sudoers and edited the following line:

%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

The line above means that all users from the sudo group (and I can only assume that Shannon belongs to this group if he installed his system) can run essentially ALL root commands.

%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

Ah, but now the NOPASSWD directive makes sure that not only I can run any program as root, I can run it without being pestered for typing a password. Note that to edit this file I must use the program visudo which makes sure that I don't make any syntax error. Syntax error in the sudoers file might completely disable the sudo system -- and then, if root does not have a password, you are in a deep kacka.

To add confusion, there is yet another program allowing for gaining root privileges temporarily called su. However, su is much more primitive -- it just asks for the password of the root. Therefore, it does not work in a default Ubuntu installation.

So, which password is actually asked for when you type sudo su? Well, the command that you are running first is sudo , not su. Thus, you are asked for Shannon's password, not roots. sudo then gains root privileges and runs su as root. But when the root runs su, su does not ask for a password. In any case, don't do that -- that is what sudo -i is for (does exactly the same thing).


How to cancel installation from Ubuntu Software (NOT Center)?

I opened system monitor, searched software and the only process was gnome-software and I ended the process. That fixed the issue.


(Ubuntu 14.04) Mouse hang, then the system hangs

Regarding the trackpad, it could be driver issue, so please try another kernel.

And to use ALT in Blender/Maya, disable it from compiz > unity plugin, and from unity tweak tool.


What controls the print queue expiry timeout?

According to this answer on superuser all you should have to do is to add a line like the following to your /etc/cups/cupsd.conf:

MaxJobTime 0

0 means disabled timeout.  Default is 10800 seconds which is 3 hours if not specified.

Example:

If you want 5 hours you put the time in as seconds:

MaxJobTime 18000

You can play around with the seconds and find what suits your needs.

Hope this helps!


Box sync for ubuntu, as window, Mac OS X?

Box.com supports WebDAV, which is a protocol that enables remote sharing, syncing and versioning.
Although I havnt tried it myself, this:

http://xmodulo.com/2013/02/how-to-mount-box-com-cloud-storage-on-linux.html

seems like a decent step by step tutorial.

Is that what you're looking for?


Xrandr error when using using 2560x1440 monitor

Not sure if you are using DVI or HDMI to connect (my machine reports both as HDMI in xrandr), but it seems that Intel HD graphics is limited to DVI single-link. As you noted, the highest it will report is 1900x1200@60Hz.

As far as I can tell, current Intel HD graphics do not support DVI dual-link.

However, it may be possible to enable 2560x1440@30Hz over DVI single-link if you're willing to take the hit on refresh rate.

Source: found most of the DVI information in an Arch Linux forum post and tested the alternate setting on my 2560x1440 monitor with Xubuntu 15.04. Setting it to 30Hz fixed the issue for me.


I ended up installing an older version of KeePassX from this URL:

Package Page: http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/amd64/keepassx/download

Direct Download Link: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/k/keepassx/keepassx_0.4.3+dfsg-0.1ubuntu1.14.04.1_amd64.deb (it is for Trusty, but works well in Xenial)

The newer version (2.X) dropped support for kdb files.

The following command will pin the package to the older version so that it doesn't get updated when you do apt-get upgrade:

# hold package, so that it doesn't get upgraded
echo "keepassx hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections

# for posterity, same as above
apt-mark hold keepassx

# since aptitude doesn't respect the above
aptitude hold keepassx


The touchpad does not work after disabling it

Do the below,

Click System Settings
Select Mouse & touchpad

Set touchpad on, shown in the image above.


try reinstalling ubuntu or try
catch this keys ctrl+logokey+alt and delete+end+pagedown
try this 2 to 5 time
its better to reinstall
the old version
or press del key when the computer boots up go to bios features and enable the HDD smart compatibility
i to had this problem but this things solved it


Ubuntu low disk space because of many unused partitions

Basically, they are system partitions, not for data storage. You can't use them. They are not real. They are created on boot and destroyed on shutdown. Looks like you've allocated about 10GB for Ubuntu and its almost full.


configure: error: You need 32-bits luac when using using lua from contrib

It means that you need the 32-bit libraries of lua scripts:

sudo apt-get install liblua5.1-0-dev:i386

That should do it. As I see it, you will lack tons of libraries, so you should also use:

sudo apt-get build-dep vlc

to install all the libraries. Also, if you are building as target Windows 64-bits you should use x86_64-w64-mingw32 instead i586-mingw32msvc as said in the instructions:

  This is known as the host triplet, although it's more of a pair than a
  triplet in the case of Mingw. The exact value depends on your
  installation of the toolchain. Notably on Debian/Ubuntu, these values
  must be used:

i686-w64-mingw32 for Windows 32-bits, using the Mingw-w64 toolchain
x86_64-w64-mingw32 for Windows 64-bits, using the Mingw-w64 toolchain
i586-mingw32msvc for Windows 32-bits, using the Mingw32 toolchain

  Again, you MUST substitute the value in the following command
  snippets.


How to set the Windows default keyboard shortcuts in Ubuntu?

Go to Preferences-->Keyboard-->Shortcuts

In the Active settings dropdown choose Windows Default Set.


INSTALLING UBUNTU ON DELL INSPIRON WITH XP

i suppose that you want to dual boot computer with XP and Ubuntu

Best way is to have Ubuntu live cd , or you can create usb drive wit bootable Ubuntu

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-ubuntu-with-windows

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot

Have you checked these page


Fail2ban is not able to connect to mysql under reboot prosess, both shutdown and startup process, Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (111)

Your /var/log/syslog should show the exact order in which services are started and shut down. That said, systemd will often start and stop multiple services in parallel, which can create this kind of issue. Fortunately, you can tell systemd about dependencies with the After directive.
Here's how:

Open Terminal (If it's not already open)

Look for a fail2ban.service file in the systemd directories. This will probably be in /lib/systemd/system, but could be in /etc/systemd/system.

Open the fail2ban.service file with sudo

Add the following line to the end of the [Unit] section:
After=mysql.service

Save the file.

This should tell systemd that fail2ban requires MySQL, so should shutdown beforehand and start up afterwards


QT Apps like GRSYNC and VLC starts slowly on Ubuntu 20.4 (since some time)

Don't know why exactly, but now it works again. I installed appmenu-gtk3-module (0.7.3-2), appmenu-registrar (0.7.3-2) and vala-panel-appmenu-common (0.7.3+dfsg1-2) and deninstalled appmenu-gtk2-module. When starting grsync there was an error that appmenu-gtk2-module could not be loaded.  After reinstalling appmenu-gtk2-module grsync and VLC are starting fast again.


configure: WARNING: *** Please install the SQLite3 development package

After searching a lot i got it fixed.Used the following command

sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev

Got it from this forum.


How can I make proper use of subvolumes in btrfs?

It will depend on exactly what you want to do with your disks, but in my case yes I moved to using btrfs and I have done exactly as you say - use subvolumes instead of partitions.

From the btrfs wiki:

  A subvolume in btrfs is not the same as an LVM logical volume or a ZFS
  subvolume. With LVM, a logical volume is a block device in its own
  right (which could for example contain any other filesystem or
  container like dm-crypt, MD RAID, etc.) - this is not the case with
  btrfs.

  A btrfs subvolume is not a block device (and cannot be treated as one)
  instead, a btrfs subvolume can be thought of as a POSIX file
  namespace. This namespace can be accessed via the top-level subvolume
  of the filesystem, or it can be mounted in its own right.

  So, given a filesystem structure like this:

toplevel
+-- dir_1           (normal directory)
|   +-- file_2      (normal file)
|   \-- file_3      (normal file)
\-- subvol_a        (subvolume)
    +-- subvol_b    (subvolume, nested below subvol_a)
    |   \-- file_4  (normal file)
    \-- file_5      (normal file)

  The top-level subvolume (ID5) (which one can think of as the root of
  the filesystem) can be mounted, and the full filesystem structure will
  be seen at the mount point; alternatively any other subvolume can be
  mounted (with the mount options subvol or subvolid, for example
  subvol=subvol_a) and only anything below that subvolume (in the above
  example the subvolume subvol_b, it's contents, and file file_4) will
  be visible at the mount point.

  Subvolumes can be nested and each subvolume (except the top-level
  subolume) has a parent subvolume. Mounting a subvolume also makes any
  of its nested child subvolumes available at their respective location
  relative to the mountpoint.

  A btrfs filesystem has a default subvolume, which is initially set to
  be the top-level subvolume and which is mounted if no subvol or
  subvolid option is specified.

  Changing the default subvolume with btrfs subvolume default will make
  the top level of the filesystem inaccessible, except by use of the
  subvol=/ or subvolid=5 mount options.

  Subvolumes can be moved around in the filesystem.

My understanding is that the Ubuntu installer (if you choose btrfs) will create @ and @home as subvolumes in your btrfs filesystem. It will then mount @ as the filesystem root, and @home in /home.

This then opens up more possibilities, one of which is snapshots. I use apt-btrfs-snapshot which manages creating a snapshot each time I do anything with apt, i.e. installing or removing packages. In this way I can revert all changes to the system if something goes wrong. I also have subvolumes for each of the users on my system, although this is almost definitely unnecessary. The point is that I no longer have separate root and home partitions, and don't waste space trying to allocate enough to each.

I recently did a fresh install of Ubuntu 15.10 over the top of a 14.04 install which had btrfs for the main disk - and I was able to keep the @home subvolume intact while replacing the root @ directory with the new install just using the graphical installer. This was the main reason for using separate partitions, and it seems that recent Ubuntu versions support btrfs in the same way - so I would suggest that you no longer need partitions if you've configured btrfs.


I noticed you mention two consecutive installations without any un-installation. Suggests me that installation is failing. Could you type on your terminal

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

and post us if you observe any errors? It should normally say "already the newest version" and quit.


Yes:

#! /bin/bash
while sleep 5
do
    shutter -f -o 'myshot-%T.jpg' -e
done

The sleep command can take various time durations as arguments: 5s (or just 5) for 5 seconds, 129m for 129 minutes, etc.
The shutter command supports JPEG output, and the %T tells Shutter to automatically replace that part with the time of the script.
 (There's also %NN to tell Shutter to use a counter.)


I installed everpad using this answer on 14.04.

If run using sudo I also get the same error:

$ sudo everpad
"sni-qt/27637" WARN  22:25:20.906 void StatusNotifierItemFactory::connectToSnw() Invalid interface to SNW_SERVICE

You need to run everpad as a normal user, not root:

$ everpad

You get the dbus error because when invoked as a different user you're loosing the DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS.

It's not permitted because the bus daemon disconnects if it detects a connection from a different user.

Sources:

Access another user's D-Bus session
How to interact with existing dbus session through sudo?


Software & Updates "Installable from CD-ROM/DVD" section

Yes, that just includes the installation disk as a repository. It is useful primarily when you don't have internet access or you just don't want to download stuff (a slow connection perhaps). Presumably, it just adds a line like

 /cdrom/::"/media/cdrom" "Ubuntu Installation CD";

to /etc/apt/sources.list. I'm not entirely sure about the format. This all used to be done manually but I haven't done it in years and couldn't find much about it. These days, the way to add a cdrom is by using apt-cdrom which is, again presumably, what that GUI will run in the background.

It is currently unticked because having it there would give an error every time you run apt-get update and the installation CD is not mounted. There is little point in having it unless you really need to use the CD instead of the public repositories. In general, assuming a decent internet connection, you should never use it since the versions in the repository will be updated and patched for security fixes while those on the CD will remain static for ever.


Can't Update or Upgrade 'dpkg returned with error code (2)'

The configuration file of openssh are corrupted, you have to remove it and reinstall.

Use sudo apt-get purge instead of sudo apt-get remove.

You can find more information about this here: What is the Difference Between `apt-get purge` and `apt-get remove`?


I recommend to use the amd64+mac images available in cdimage.ubuntu.com.
Take http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/12.04.1/release/ubuntu-12.04.1-desktop-amd64+mac.iso for example.


LTS
The kernel released with 12.04 server at its outset was v3.2.
Canonical have committed to supporting v3.2 of the kernel:

The original 12.04 stack in Precise will remain supported for the
usual 5yr life cycle of the LTS release.

source
What this means is that the kernel v3.2 will receive security and other stability fixes throughout the 5 years of the support period.
Newer kernels are available for each point release - these are called enablement stacks and are primarily for newer hardware.  You dont need to install these if kernel 3.2 is just running fine on your hardware.
Obviously, if you need to add newer hardware cards to your server you should first check that the cards work with the kernel 3.2 series.  Likewise, if you image the server to install on newer hardware, then you should similarly check 3.2 compatibility.

Linked Blog:

http://www.jorgecastro.org/2013/02/19/what-the-lts-enablement-stack-means-for-sysadmins/

Linked Wiki:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack

Linked Question:

How to remove Kernel/LTS Enablement Stack?


deja-dup: __init__() takes exactly 4 arguments (3 given)

Apparently, I had Duplicity Python module 0.7.14 and the aptitude package 0.7.12. I used sudo pip uninistall duplicity, followed by sudo aptitude reinstall duplicity and the problem's solved.

I guess I shouldn't be updating all of my Python modules at once.


Why doesn't Banshee recognize my video mp4 files?


A three-part Paranoid Penguin series in Linux Journal entitled Customizing Linux Live CDs will probably be helpful.

It explains how to tinker with a live CD's SquashFS for the purpose of improving security. But I'm sure the instructions can be used to make other modifications as well.


CIFS security has been tightened in recent kernel releases. You might want to add iocharset=utf8,sec=ntlm,noserverino to your options, in other words:

sudo mount.cifs //192.168.43.180/share2 /mnt/SHARE --verbose -o rw,username=PaulTsai,iocharset=utf8,sec=ntlm,noserverino


How to disable auto sleep in Ubuntu 18.04

I finally found a solution looking through some other threads. Here's what I did:

Install gnome-tweak-tool: sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool
Run gnome-tweaks.
Change the option under "Power" for "Suspend when laptop lid is closed" to "off".

Now the monitor only turns off the screen when the lid is closed, and no longer goes to sleep.

This doesn't really resolve the issue of sleep-looping in case I ever wanted the laptop to actually go to sleep, but it's a good enough solution for me at least.


The ppa you're trying to use does not support 18.04. If you used this command:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes

to add it, use:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:noobslab/themes

to remove it.


Why will Ubuntu 12.04 boot but not install?

Your image is probably corrupt. Maybe something happened when downloading. You could re-download the image and make a new disk. You could also check the md5 checksum located in the iso file. You can downlaod simple programs that check the md5 for you