Why can't I use my @ubuntu.com mail address to register an Ubuntu One account?

I got that same error when attempting to use mine. I then found an email in my inbox that said.

"We've received a request to create a new account with tgm4883@ubuntu.com, however an account is already registered with this email address."

So then I used the "Forgot your password?" link and I received an email at my ubuntu.com address to change my password. What is odd is that the link to reset my password was for my primary email address that is listed in launchpad (which is where ubuntu.com forwards to).

So my guess is that when Ubuntu One sees an email address for a ubuntu.com account, it queries launchpad to find the actual email address that it should use. It then links both email addresses to the same account.


Telnet after update to 15.04 not working

I faced similar problems, but after installing the packages xinetd and telnetd it's working fine.

sudo apt-get install xinetd telnetd.


How to increase video quality in SMPlayer like cyberlink powerdvd?

Well you can go to Prefences -> Video -> and enable post-processing by default with max quality, deinterlacing and choose driver for rendering. The best driver for rendering is probably madvr, but you can't run it on ubuntu. I think gl would be good enough and will use (probably) gpu acceleration, so you'll have a speed-up.


How to fix AppArmor `could not open` error when installing php+mysql?

You are missing the file abstractions/mysql. This happened to me when I tried to completely remove MySQL before reinstalling it. I fixed this issue by replacing the file with a copy from another server. The contents of my file looks something like this:

# ------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#    Copyright (C) 2002-2006 Novell/SUSE
#    Copyright (C) 2013 Christian Boltz
#
#    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
#    modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
#    License published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# ------------------------------------------------------------------

   /var/lib/mysql{,d}/mysql{,d}.sock rw,
   /{var/,}run/mysql{,d}/mysql{,d}.sock rw,
   /usr/share/{mysql,mysql-community-server,mariadb}/charsets/ r,
   /usr/share/{mysql,mysql-community-server,mariadb}/charsets/*.xml r,

Try creating the file and adding the above contents with:

sudo nano /etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/mysql


too many JDK's after installing openjdk-8

It's not a problem to have multiple JDKs installed. I have at least one release of 6, 7 and 8 on my machine (the oracle version). Generally use the latest for most things but there are sometimes have to work on legacy software.


Cannot find Wine (Stable 3.0.3-bionic) even after I installed it

Wine doesn't have any kind of front-end. It's just a background kinda app. Thus, it isn't listed in applications. But it is still there. You can check it by running any .exe Windows compatible program.

There are some front-end available in Software center of which I use PlayOnLinux. To install PlayOnLinux, run

sudo apt-get install playonlinux


How can I make my disk not spin down while writing backups to it?

One option would be to write a script that contains the hdparm changes and have your cron job call that.
For example:
#!/bin/bash
cd /backup/location
hdparm -S 0 /dev/disk/by-uuid/783E797F3E7936EA
ar -cJpf <archive name> /home
hdparm -S 60 /dev/disk/by-uuid/783E797F3E7936EA

Set the file to be executable with a chmod +x and  give it a test in the console.
Notes:

be sure to change /backup/location to where you actually want your backups written
using hdparm -S 60 {device} will wind that device down after 5 minutes of inactivity. 30 minutes is generally not feasible as the number works in increments of 5 seconds between 1 and 240. For more info, the docs outline exactly how to use the numbers

Hope this gives you what you're looking for.


How do I change the Creation/Mod Date of all folders on a USB drive using Touch command?

If you have a lot of files to touch, it's just going to take a while. You can plug-in the drive, and in a terminal, assuming your drive is mounted as /media/USB_DISK, do the following:

for i in `find /media/USB_DISK -type d|sed -e 's/ /%20/g'|sort`; do
   echo $i|sed -e 's/%20/\\ /g'|xargs touch
done

Just replace the USB_DISK with the proper name of the folder where your drive is mounted under the /media/ directory.


Can I trust Boot Repair when it says "There was an error. You can now reboot"?

The EFI specification states that the EFI partition must be FAT. EXT3 will not work, your firmware cannot read that.
So if you can, convert the partition to FAT. After that reinstall GRUB or run Boot-repair again.


Double Click Not Opening Associated App After Upgrade to 20.04 and Removing Nemo

It turns out it was libexo that caused this.
I resolved the issue by implementing the solution here

sudo aptitude search xfce xfd xubuntu | grep ^i|grep A|awk '{print $3}'|xargs sudo apt -y remove
sudo apt -y autoremove


What are syntax differences between bash and dash?

A simple rule of thumb is: if your script was written in bash, do not assume it will work in dash. A full list of differences is beyond the scope of a simple Q&A, but essentially, dash is a POSIX shell, so it implements what is described in the POSIX specification for the shell language and only that.
Here are the common bashisms I most often fall afoul of:

[[: the [[ condition ]] construct isn't supported by dash, you need to use [ ] instead.
== : to test if two values are equal, use = in dash since == is not supported.
source: the POSIX command for sourcing a script is .. The source builtin is a bash alias to the standard ., so always use . file instead of source file.
shopt: this is a bash builtin that sets certain non-standard options. Not supported by dash.
$RANDOM: this is set to a random number on each use in bash, but doesn't work in dash.

By far the most common problem is the lack of [[ support. You can find a more comprehensive list on the Ubuntu Wiki: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DashAsBinSh


Newbe Ubuntu installer - Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS 64bit - Windows 10

This problem of not picking up any drives was a lot easier to solve in the end than I initially thought:

1) Run Ubuntu Install in "Try Ubuntu" mode

2) Connect to Wifi wifi

2) Click on the top Ubuntu icon and search for "Terminal"

3) Install universe - The link will help you do so.

4) Install Gparted by typing the following in terminal:

  sudo apt-get install gparted

5) Gparted should be installed - Click on the top Ubuntu icon and search for "Gparted"

6) Run Gparted - If you couldn't find your internal drives either, Gparted would pick it up and ask if it can fix those problems. Allow him to do so.

You should be ready to install Ubuntu now.

Please feel free to edit this answer, I am still a novice Ubuntu user and might have slipped up on some terminology, or messed up some steps.

@dragon2fly - I couldn't have done it without you. Thanks a lot.


I have successfully installed 12.04 on my MacBook Air 6,2 following this this guide.

I have installed reFind rather than reFit.


How do I know which processes are running and who own the process?

Use ps aux | grep mongodb. It returns the processes running in the computer whose name contains mongodb. Search for the mongodb process in that list. The first column has the user who runs the process.


It depends on your network topology. This blog post has more details, see if it helps:

http://insights.ubuntu.com/2015/04/10/maas-network-layouts-for-the-landscape-autopilot/


When i switched from ubuntu to Lubuntu i lost the external monitor. Laptop display is physically damaged

First, login to your guest account and use the su command to switch users in the terminal.

For example, if your username is colonelclank you should run:

su colonelclank

Your username should now appear at the command prompt in the terminal. Next, run the following commands to change to your user's home directory and to fix any file permission issues that may be preventing you from logging in.

cd; sudo chown -R $USER:$USER ~/

Now, run the following command to display your xsession errors (note you have to be logged in the terminal with your username as this will not work in the guest home directory):

cd; cat .xsession-errors

There may be some useful info here, however, the problem may already be fixed so log out and try to log back in as your user to see if the problem still persists.

PART TWO

If you still need a script to listen for and to automatically connect to your external monitor when plugged in, you can run the following commands to install a script to do this:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git consolekit
git clone https://github.com/codingtony/udev-monitor-hotplug.git
cd udev-mon*
sudo cp usr/local/bin/monitor-hotplug.sh /usr/local/bin/
sudo cp etc/udev/rules.d/99-monitor-hotplug.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/
sudo service udev restart

Click here for more info.


Dual boot windows 8 from a 12.04 install?

There are many tutorials around, and indeed, most say you need to install Windows first. However, Windows 8 also has a bootloader that you can use. The problem is often that Windows doesn't recognize the Linux partition and ignores it in the bootloader, kicking you straight into Windows.
Look here to see how to add Linux to the bootloader: https://superuser.com/questions/499617/how-can-i-add-linux-to-the-new-windows-8-boot-manager


Capturing terminal-content from a pseudoterminal (pts)?

Maybe not directly from the tty, but this processus has to use the write syscall. You can use strace to catch all write calls.

sudo strace -e t=write -s 6000 -p your-process-id 2>logfile

You will get things like this, that might need some more parsing :

write(1, "191\n", 4)                    = 4
--- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=9916, si_uid=1001, si_status=0, si_utime=0, si_stime=0} ---
write(1, "21021\n", 6)                  = 6
write(1, "14728\n", 6)                  = 6
write(1, "13291\n", 6)                  = 6
write(1, "20372\n", 6)                  = 6

If your program writes to some other files, you'll get that too in the output. That can be annoying. Or that eventually could be a huge amount of data.
The file descriptor used is probably 1. You can grep "^write.1"

sudo strace -e t=write -s 6000 -p your-process-id 2>&1 | grep ^write.1 >logfile

Next time, try to run you command with script. It catches all data written to the tty.

script -c "program and args" logfile


0.431776 Initramfs unpacking failed:Decoding failed (after update from 20.04 to 20.10)

First make sure you disabled secure boot in BIOS.
Initramfs can’t compress default format and messaging error in decoding.
So you need change to gzip.
Open terminal and paste:
sudo gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf
After that, find COMPRESS=lz4 and change it to COMPRESS=gzip
When it’s done, click save in right corner and close this file.
Finally just paste into terminal:
sudo update-initramfs -u
reboot
... However, error you are in emergency mode is more important.  Your etc/fstab is wrong and waste time by checking disk every boot.
Also seems like couple of your drivers aren’t recognized well.


How do I fix dragging windows to the adjacent workspace?

Should work using the keyboard shortcut, Ctrl+Alt+Shift+D-pad (on the D-pad use the arrow key pointing to the direction of the destination workspace of the migrating window). That works in all Linux desktops that I've tried, whether it be Unity, Gnome Shell, Xfce, LXDE, etc. Tried it on Gnome Shell on Ubuntu 12.04 and still works (granted Gnome Shell stacks workspaces strictly on a vertical scale, but you should be able to use any direction if you have a workspace left, right, above and below the workspace you are currently on...diagonal directions work too).


Get internet working on Ubuntu server 18.0, surface 3

If you have the "ip" commands. Try running "ip addr show". If that command works, try "ip link set wlp1s0 up". You may need to update your interface file from wlo1 to wlp1s0 as they are different.

edited to correct typo


Cannot connect second monitor via HDMI cable in Ubuntu 20.04

OK so after a lot of internet scraping and unhelpful solutions, I have gotten it fixed in my case. I am running an AMD 400 series AMD graphics card. What is downloaded automatically in the drivers upon 20.04 installation is not sufficient (this includes the situation when you check the box for install third-party drivers on installation!). Below, I will outline briefly what I did, but since people have different computers with different specs, I can't get too specific without causing future viewers to install the wrong media and mess up their system.
Below is for an AMD system (If you have intel processor, you will do a similar step, but on the intel driver site)

Go to https://www.amd.com/en/support/kb/release-notes/rn-amdgpu-unified-linux-20-20

Select the software that matches your version of ubuntu/RHEL/SLED. For me, version 20.20 for Ubuntu 20.04. (OP this looks like what you will choose, too)

Also look at the download instructions. This outlines the documentation that is important to understand what you are doing!

3A. Briefly, you will download a tar.bz file called amdgpu.blahblahblahb.tar.bz
3B. You will extract it.
3C. You will navigate to it.
3D. You will run the amdgpu-install script in the terminal. I just dragged and dropped it into my terminal and hit enter. I did get a problem here where it wouldn't install at first because there was a driver already partially installed (I think this may have been the automatically installed driver that ubuntu gave us upon installation). To hop around this, I added the keyword uninstall (/.amdgpu-install --uninstall), then re-ran the script again (./amdgpu-install)

Reboot and it should work. Furthermore, this will fix any Night Light problems that you were having.

Cheers!


I want to remove Ubuntu and reinstall Windows XP from CD

Put the xp cd.

Open BIOS by pressing F12 or Del (As per your motherboard, see the corners of flashing screen just after starting the computer)

There will be a menu as Boot and inside that there should be boot priority. Set the dvd/cd driver as first option.

Save and exit.

If it doesn't boot probably the disk is damaged.


After installing gnome 3, have you logged out of the system?

Gnome-Shell isn't an application you just load up, it's a desktop environment.

I suggest that you log out and at the login screen click the Ubuntu symbol and choose the Gnome 3 option. You should then see Gnome Shell in all its glory.


Doing a quick search i found this website for thinkpad user with similiar problems

Here


How to remove xfce4 and switch to KDE under vncserver?

apt show xfce4 indicates that xfce4 is a metapackage. By running sudo apt remove xfce4 you don't achieve removal of the packages specified by xfce4.

If you want to remove all the packages specified by the xfce4 metapackage, go through the appropriate history.log file, or the archived version, in /var/log/apt/ and remove the relevant packages.


How can I reinstall or change kubuntu to UEFI?

Okay I had the same when I installed the Ubuntu 18.04. The Grub menu was not showing up and then I understood it had something to do with the UEFI. With the latest UEFI Firmware most of the manufacturers(or all not sure) have the secure boot to on. You just have to visit your UEFI by logging in to Windows or provide the key combinations before Windows boots up based on your manufacturer(might be f10 I guess). In case you login to Windows navigate to

  Settings-> Update&Security-> Recovery-> Restart now(Under Advanced
  Startup) (OR)

  Hold down Shift key while doing the restart.

  Blue screen with menu must appear now. Navigate to Troubleshoot & then advanced options and UEFI Firmware Settings and press restart.

  Select F10 (Bios Setup) go to System Configuration-> Boot Options set secure boot to off. This should work. In case if it doesn't then change the UEFI boot order(OS Boot Manager) to Ubuntu by changing the values by f5 or f6(save settings and exit).

Please note: Instructions provided match for the HP Notebooks (might be different set of keys for other manufacturers).

Your Grub must appear now. :)


Stop IP-address from changing after reboot

There are two ways how you can prevent the changing of your IP-address

you can assign a fixed address to your interface (select "edit connections" from the network-indicator)
you can tell the DHCP-server to make an address-reservation for your host


Is it possible to turn off the notification tone for errors?

Go to Settings → Sound → select Sound Effects tab

Choose Alert Volume and set to OFF (or at least reduce the volume)


How to set Monday as the first day of the week in GNOME Calendar applet?

Here's another solution, also from Ubuntu Forums. I think this is somewhat cleaner and more robust: it doesn't involve customizing Ubuntu's locale files (only settings that you're supposed to edit).

Gnome calendar applet adheres to your
locale settings. In Ubuntu, you can
assign locale components by editing
the file /etc/default/locale. Here is
what I've got there:
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_GB.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_GB.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_GB.UTF-8"

Which means: I want software messages
in American, but time, paper size and
units in British i.e.weeks starting
with Mondays, A4, metric.

Props to artm who posted that!
Of course, LC_TIME="en_GB.UTF-8" is the relevant setting to get weeks to start on Mondays.
You need to log out and back in for the change to take effect.


How do I transfer an Eclipse project from Windows to Ubuntu?

Yes you can transfer eclipse programs from ubuntu to windows and the reverse too.
For transferring files from windows to ubuntu you need to export you project from Windows and then import the project to Ubuntu.

Exporting
File->Export->General->Archival file and tick the project or files(All files related your project must be ticked) which you want to export
and select where you want to save the files and you also need to name the file.
Now you

Importing
File->Import->Archival file and select exported file from Windows. Then there is a field called  Into folder: here you need to select your workspace location and click finish


How to change primary partition to extended without formatting

Since you haven't installed Ubuntu yet, and still on windows then you may want to take a look at this.  EaseUS.

It will allow you to do the conversion without loosing any data, and its free


Ubuntu Gnome - after install no grub menu

You can boot your ubuntu from a live cd called SuperGrubDisk2, which automatically detects any system on the pc. When successfully booted, you have to reinstall the GRUB-Bootloader:

sudo update-grub
sudo grub-install /dev/sdx

(where 'x' is the appropriate character for your harddisk, probably 'a')


Ok, just discovered someone decided this feature was not really useful and was removed.

https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=686639


Why I could not create a folder named '/' using terminal?

/ is a directory separator, file and directory names can't contain it. Check Reserved characters and words at Wikipedia.

Using / alone points to the topmost directory which, as you were told, already exists.


It's possible (though i'd see it as rather improbable) that your displays have no unified resolution, as in, there is no resolution the system can set and display on both at once.

Usually, though, there are several "fallback" resolutions, such as 1024 x 768. While most displays are superior to this now, they will still work at this resoltuion if told to.

Check your options for each screen resolutions, and see if there are any matching.

It's possible setting it manually may help, although both of mine allowed me to tick the box and then automatically limited my resolution options (which is also stated below the checkbox).


After an hour of search, I realized that it was caused because a laptop key was automatically pressed (don't know how the keypress triggered this serious error).
After fixing the keyboard problem (cleaning and reinserting the internal keyboard) the boot problem was automatically solved.


UPDATE:

Type the code bellow in your terminal:

echo "cd ~/Desktop" >> ~/.bashrc

Once that is done, press Ctrl+Alt+T.
Now the terminal opens in ~/Desktop. In this case, we changed your default working directory in ~/.bashrc to ~/Desktop instead of ~.

Use:

echo "cd ~" >> ~/.bashrc

to restore back to default.


"Software can't be installed or removed because the authentication service is not available. "

It seems like the policy kit authentication agent is not started in startup applications program.

Add the below line to startup applications.

 /usr/lib/policykit-1-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1

Also note that this was already raised as a bug and fixed is provided in software-center - 5.3.9

Update your software center to fix the issue.

Here is the bug details


Below is step by step installation instruction:

wget http://www.tipitaka.org/cst/cst4-2014-12-24-4.0.0.15.msi

sudo apt-get install wine

WINEARCH=win32 winecfg # click OK
WINEARCH=win32 winetricks dotnet20 # wait installation for finish
WINEARCH=win32 wine msiexec /i cst4-2014-12-24-4.0.0.15.msi # select Complete

Then run your software from its Chattha Sangayana Tipitaka 4.0 launcher:


I'm missing mouse pointer speed option in ubuntu 16.04

Thank you for your comment. Actually I found an easier way...I plugged in a wire mouse and the option appeared. Changed it to my desired speed, put the wireless mouse in, problem solved. :) –


Installing Ubuntu 12.10 on new computer with Windows 8

@ Athelstan - this is the solution that many other threads were missing. Unfortunately, I found this thread after a few hours of tweaking it on my own :)...

Allowing for legacy USB and reordering the boot order was not enough to install 12.04 cleanly. Many people have been reporting the "missing file" error or the inability to get past the black screens. At one point, I could chose the boot disk, but it wouldn't allow it.

Moral of the Story: Win8 is a beast and the hardware setting reflect this. Setting "Secure Boot Control" to DISABLED and tweaking the UEFI settings allowed for me to seamlessly install 12.04 on a new laptop with Win8.

B


File access control mechanism in Ubuntu 13.10

I assume what you're looking for is file permissions.  You can find a wealth of information in the Ubuntu documentation here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions


0.003006 ACPI: Unable to load the system description tables Acer F5-571

Update 2016-01-20. Danixu86 link reports that the latest BIOS version 1.35 for the F5-571 solves the problem so it's no longer necessary to downgrade.

Fortunately there is an answer to your problem and it is relatively easy to use. I have tried it and it works very well. I am very grateful to Danixu86 and slowfoobar for providing the answers.

1. BIOS

In order to allow booting from a Live DVD or USB (not just Ubuntu) you need to downgrade the BIOS. Although Acer does not provide one for the F5-571, it turns out that the BIOS is identical to the one for the E5-573G.

Here are the instructions for doing so, slightly adapted from slowfoobar's post at Acer Aspire e5-573g. You can not install any one Linux distribution. The problem BIOS 1.25.
I realise that changing the BIOS is scary but it does work well for me and a number of other users (see link in 2. below)

  Go to Acer's Support site for your country

  Search by Product Model:

  Aspire E5-573G

  Select the right OS and download a bios. In my case I downloaded 1.15.

  Run the ZRT_115.exe.

  It will fail.

  But before you close the installer, go to
  C:\Users\name\AppData\Local\Temp\

  Search for a folder (random letters).tmp

  There should be a H2OFFT-W.exe and zrt.rd file in there.

  Just copy this folder and close the failing install.

  In that copied folder, edit the platform.ini file.

  Before:

[BIOSVersionFormat]
;[nb4-version] +
BIOSVFEnable=1
VersionFormat=XN.NN

  After:

[BIOSVersionFormat]
;[nb4-version] +
BIOSVFEnable=1
VersionFormat=XN.DD

  The VersionFormat value now has 'XN.DD' instead of 'XN.NN'.

  This will ignore the fact that 1.25 -> 1.15 is a downgrade.

  Prepare for a reboot. I.E. close unnecessary applications. Because
  it'll happen automatically after running the installer.

  Run H2OFFT-W.exe.

  Upon reboot, you'll see a bios installing progress bar.

  After that is done, press F2 during startup to get to bios. The
  version should now be 1.15.

2. Dual Booting Linux and Windows

These are Danixu86's instructions taken from BIOS, F5-571, UEFI, Linux / Ubuntu. You may wish to read the rest of the thread to see other user's experiences.

  You've to downgrade the bios using the above link. Don't care if the laptop model is different.
  Change the touchpad mode to basic on BIOS.
  Install your prefered Linux version and enjoy.

  Next we will do is add the grub files to "trusted boot". For that we
  will go to "Security" tab > "Select a UEFI file as trusted for
  executing" and select the "grubx64.efi" file. Later we will see the
  Grub boot on Bios order and we will be able to set as the first place:

  With that steps finally the Clonezilla has booted and i've done a full
  hard drive backup without problems and i've installed the Ubuntu
  14.04.3 version.

3. Making wifi work

This is taken from Danixu86's instructions at the same place

  To make the wifi works you have to open a terminal as root and run
  this commands:

# wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/backports/2015/11/20/backports-20151120.tar.xz
# tar -xvf backports-20151120.tar.xz
# cd backports-20151120
# make defconfig-ath10k
# make
# make install

# apt-get install git
# git clone https://github.com/kvalo/ath10k-firmware.git
# cd ath10k-firmware/
# cp -R QCA9377 /lib/firmware/ath10k/
# ln -s /lib/firmware/ath10k/QCA9377/hw1.0/firmware-5.bin_WLAN.TF.1.0-00267-1 /lib/firmware/ath10k/QCA9377/hw1.0/firmware-2.bin

  Just reboot and you will get the wifi working.

  Maybe it will work with other linux versions too because we are
  compiling the source.

  Some distributions may need "Build Essentials tools" to build the wifi
  source: apt-get install build-essential

  The only problem (at least on Ubuntu) is that reboot did not work, you
  have to shutdown the computer and then power on again.

  EDIT: I've reinstalled Ubuntu again to test the exact above steps and
  now reboot is working fine too.


How do I enable writing in Indian languages?

For Ubuntu 18.04 and above
The menus and settings have changed changed significantly since Ubuntu 17.10 and above uses Gnome Shell instead of Unity. These instructions may work for Ubuntu 17.10 as well, but I have only tested them in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.
Use a Hindi keyboard:

Go to System Menu at the top right corner of the desktop panel and
select Settings, the screwdriver & wrench icon.

Select Region & Languages

Click the + icon under the Input Sources to open Add an Input Source window.

Click on the three dots at the bottom of the window to expose the
search bar.

Type Hindi or any other language you want to install.
The word Other will show on the top of the Window.

Click on Other different keyboard layouts for Hindi (or the language you typed) will show below it.

Select a keyboard layout and press the Add button at the top.

Now the new keyboard layout will be listed in the Input Sources table.

That's it!
For Gujarati and other Indian languages
Repeat the steps above.
There is only one keyboard layout available by default for Gujarati.
Check the keyboard layouts you selected first select the language from the list of input sources. Then click on the keyboard icon at the bottom right corner.
You can also see the keyboard layouts of any installed language from the drop-down menu of the language icon on the top right corner of the desktop.
Use ibus-m17n, the preferred method
If you don't see the keyboard layout you want, or if you get unexpected results when you type in the selected language then follow the steps below install ibus-m17n. This will give you more choices of keyboard layouts in your Indian language.

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:
sudo apt install ibus-m17n

Enter your password when prompted.

Close all applications and restart the computer for the
ibus-m17n based keyboard layouts to show up in the list. Follow the
same steps to select a different keyboard layout.

Changing between keyboard layouts
Once a new keyboard layout is selected, you will see a new language icon at the top panel. Clicking it will give you all the installed keyboard layout choices. You can also switch between different installed keyboard layouts by clicking Super+Space, or Shift+Super+Space.
Instructions for older versions of Ubuntu
For Ubuntu 16.04
Install language support
Go to System Settings > Language Support > Install Languages and  install Hindi (or any other Indian language).
Use a Hindi keyboard:

Go to the Keyboard app. If you have Unity or something that allows you to search for your apps, then get to it that way. Otherwise it's probably in System » Preferences » Keyboard.
Go to Text Entry at the bottom of the Typing tab. Click add, and find Hindi (it's easier by language than by country).
Choose a keyboard layout you are comfortable with. The program will display the layout so you can confirm the one that suits you best. Examples of keyboard layouts are Bolnagiri, KaGaPa, Phonetic, and Wx. different layouts assign different keys to different letters. Choose the keyboard layout you are used to, or try a few and see which one you like best. Here are some examples of Hindi keyboard layouts.
A little icon on the top panel displays a small keyboard icon and the current keyboard layout. It's probably still the English language one, since you haven't yet chosen to write in Hindi. So, to start writing in Hindi, click on that icon and choose the Hindi layout. You can now start typing in Hindi.

Repeat for Gujarati. When you do it for the first time, it will ask permission to install some software. Say yes and enter password when needed.
Use ibus-m17n, the preferred method

Using Ubuntu Software Center install ibus-m17n. This will give
you more Hindi keyboard layout choices. This may be already
installed.
Once you installed iBus, open Dash and look for iBus. Once iBus is
running, go to the second tab called input method.
Make sure "Customize Input Selection Method" is checked. Click on
Select and Input Method  and select Hindi > itrans. Then hit the
Add button to add this input method. If Hindi is not at the top, click on it and click "Up" button to move it to the top. Click on close button. You will
notice a keyboard icon on the top panel in Unity.

Some hints on typing in Hindi (Itrans)
Now, open a new window of LibreOffice or Gedit or where ever you want to type in Hindi and hit Super+Space Bar. This will change the input method to Hindi for that app. You will notice that the icon on the tray now shows Hindi क्. If you don't see क् and see the keyboard icon or another language icon on the top panel, click on it and select Hindi-Itrans (m17n). Now type "kaise ho" it should appear in Hindi.
Note the Itrans phonetic layout has its own rules so it may not be exactly what you are used to. There is a Gujarati-Itrans choice as well in the ibus Input selection method.
More detailed instructions with pictures.
See the answer to How to type half Hindi character with Hindi (Bolnagri) layout?
Hope this helps.


1) To create casper-rw via terminal, you can can enter the following 2 commands one after the other, replacing 512 with any other number of MBs you want for your casper-rw file's size:

dd if=/dev/zero of=casper-rw bs=1M count=512

mkfs.ext3 -L casper-rw -F casper-rw

2) To prevent kernel upgrades, you can install Synaptic Package Manager, select the installed linux image package(s) (linux-image-xxxxxxxxxx), and then choose Package > Lock Version from the menu.


You need to perform dist-upgrade inorder to install/remove all dependencies related to the packages upgraded using upgrade. From the manual page of apt-get:

  dist-upgrade
       dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of
       upgrade, also intelligently handles changing dependencies
       with new versions of packages; apt-get has a "smart"
       conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade
       the most important packages at the expense of less
       important ones if necessary. The dist-upgrade command may
       therefore remove some packages. The /etc/apt/sources.list
       file contains a list of locations from which to retrieve
       desired package files. See also apt_preferences(5) for a
       mechanism for overriding the general settings for
       individual packages.

So, the better way of upgrading would be:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

However, be careful while using dist-upgrade as it might also remove packages to satisfy dependencies.


From the quite good Wikipedia page on Bash:

Bash is a command processor that typically runs in a text window where the user types commands that cause actions. Bash can also read and execute commands from a file, called a shell script. Like all Unix shells, it supports filename globbing (wildcard matching), piping, here documents, command substitution, variables, and control structures for condition-testing and iteration. The keywords, syntax, dynamically scoped variables and other basic features of the language are all copied from sh. Other features, e.g., history, are copied from csh and ksh. Bash is a POSIX-compliant shell, but with a number of extensions.

Bash is included with Ubuntu, but is NOT the default shell (dash is)

Bash is generally portable between systems, but that's not guaranteed. For true portability, stick to the POSIX standard.


Problem uninstalled and reinstall Chrome

The config sits in ~/.config/google-chrome so you can nuke that or move it out the way if you want to back it up. Here's nuking it:

rm -rf ~/.config/google-chrome


How can I change the terminal line colors by commands?

In the current version of gnome-terminal you can't change background and color when starting a new terminal
It used to be with these options: --background <color> and --foreground <color>

Now you can start your terminal specifying the profile:

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile <your profile>

You can also edit the current profile using gconftool. for instance, to edit colors of the Default profile:

gconftool-2 --set "/apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/foreground_color" --type string "#EEEEEEEEECEC"
gconftool-2 --set "/apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/background_color" --type string "#000000000000"


How do I enable the "Universe" repository from the command line?

I finally found answer myself.
To put all ubuntu sources to work without clicking them just enter in terminal

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main universe restricted multiverse"

So for just "Universe" would be

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) universe"

You can then check in Software sources it will show it works now.
You can delete manually from sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list line http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main universe restricted multiverse and save and see in Software sources nothing is ticked. Then do

 sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) universe"

& that makes Just universe ticked.
For all enabled do

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main universe restricted multiverse"

you can add also partner repository with different link (see difference is ubuntu to canonical)

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) partner"

$(lsb_release -sc) makes checking your Ubuntu version and putting its name in link. Since 10.04 is called lucid then you can test in terminal lsb_release -sc gives word lucid Thats makes added repository link precise name of your ubuntu Release in Software sources. Wrong word and noting will work.

for all differences in repositories read https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu


I installed program from tar.gz as root in /opt. Now it treats /root/ as "home" directory. Did i make a mistake?

Is deleting /opt/eclipse with rm -r enough?

Yes.
Mind though that if there is an uninstaller in /opt/eclipse/ you should prefer using that over using rm. Those script are text files so you can examine what it does and it might also undo settings.

and it won't run as a user from /opt?

That depends. Generally there is 1 command in /opt/ that triggers ownership where you can copy to a location in your PATH or create a simlink to.
For eclipse you should start it from your user and never with sudo or as root. Check, and if not set, as rwx on user and set to your user these 2 locations:
 ~/workspace
~/.eclipse

or change those inside Eclipse to point to your a directory in your home directory.


I seemed to have managed to fix it.  I don't quite understand what I did, because I cleared the cache before, but I guess when I tried to stop it beforehand, it didn't listen to me.  In any case, maybe it's my imagination, but it feels like audio quality is slightly worse after doing this:

This is adapted from http://ptspts.blogspot.com/2010/11/how-to-disable-pulseaudio-on-ubuntu.html

$ pkill -STOP '^pulseaudio$'
$ rm -rf ~/.pulse

$ mkdir -p ~/.pulse
$ echo 'autospawn = no' >~/.pulse/client.conf

$ pkill -KILL '^pulseaudio$'

And then I just opened spotify and things seemed to work again.  Hopefully this isn't just temporary.


What is a similar application in Ubuntu as "Draw" in Windows?

Krita is a creative application for raster images. You can work with photos or scanned images or start with a blank slate. There are easy to use tools for drawing lines, ellipses and rectangles, and the freehand tool is supported by pluggable "drawing assistants" that help you draw shapes that still have a freehand feeling to them.
ScreenRuler will display a ruler on screen which allows you to measure the other objects that you have there. ScreenRuler has an On Top option that locks it in position on top of an image so that you can use it like a ruler to help you draw straight lines.
To install Krita and ScreenRuler in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu open the terminal and type:
sudo apt install krita screenruler


What standalone databases with GUI are available for Ubuntu?

Workbench together with MySQL are my favorite combination. Both are available in the Ubuntu repositories but both can be install through their own repository to get the latest versions. Both are also very well documented.

To install from the repositories:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server
sudo apt-get install mysql-workbench

Yes, both are not simple. But it will pay off when you get the hang of Workbench.

Example images:

the localhost connecting is created by installing mysql. All you need to do is provide a password during install.

I created a database "discworld" with create database discworld and for creating a table in database "discworld":

insert and select table "wizards":

It really is that easy. Most of the problems come from creating the more difficult SQL instructions. Not from mysql or workbench itself.


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) for Raspberry Pi 2 cannot get wifi working

Following the lengthy comment thread, I am going to summarize it as follows:

You tried with 16.04 and it worked.  I don't even see how you could deduce from that, that it also should work on 14.04.  The dongle working on 16.04 is also confirmed in an article I linked for you. That same article documents it's a pain to get working in 14.04.  Obviously 14.04 has an older kernel and less support for different hardware, on top of that the firmware is missing in the repositories.

The answer is to use 16.04 or go through a painful installation process, that might not even work because of the architectural differences between ARM and x86/amd64.

I won't say it's impossible to fix, but you're in for a rough ride if you want to run this particular dongle on Ubuntu 14.04/ARM.


what is the command for compiling a 32-bit binary in Ubuntu 13.10?

Include

-m32

for 32 bits. Oh and to be thorough the other way around:

-m64

gcc -m32 example.c -o example32
gcc -m64 example.c -o example64


Fixed by installing nemo:

open the terminal and do this

First remove nautilus with

sudo apt-get remove --purge nautilus

then download nemo

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/nemo

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install nemo nemo-fileroller

then your folders might dissapear etc in the desktop. They should return after some time. If not the please restart the pc.

This is my solution. You don't have to delete nautilus but then you have to keep opening nemo and do all from there. BTW if you search nemo it will show you a application called files. Dont get confused on that, its still nemo.


Trouble getting ruby on rails running on 11.10 (RVM + Passenger + Apache2)

You should go into the directory for your application and then run the server

ie

rails new myApp
cd myApp
rails server

after the server starts, go to your browser and type localhost:3000. You should get a Welcome aboard sign.


Where does update-initramfs look for kernel versions?

I had the same problem as you, I also thought I had completely removed the kernel by deleting all its entries in /boot and directory in /lib/modules & updating GRUB, but I found the one directory that is used by update-initramfs to keep track of the kernels:

/var/lib/initramfs-tools


A bash script that opens several terminals from different direcotories and operates some funtions on those terminal

If those paths to the directories are corrects as you say, then you should use:

gnome-terminal --tab -e "bash -c 'cd /ini/experiments/ && gedit mytext.txt';$SHELL" --tab -e "bash -c 'cd /ini/myex/ipython';$SHELL"

See also:

man gnome-terminal
How to run a script without closing the terminal?


Mount internal drive in Ubuntu LiveCD-Mount Error


Mounting samba share with root priveleges 12.10

I solved it by executing:

sudo chmod 777 /share

on server.


what infinity said. Try ´sudo chattr -i
  ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel´, and then try to delete the file
  again.

– @severin

This did the trick.  Thanks


How to make Vidalia work with Tor and Privoxy?

In order to use tor you need to have configuration set for privoxy. Tor itself recommends polipo to privoxy. Yet configuration for both polipo and privoxy is attached in official tor documentation.

https://www.torproject.org/docs/tor-doc-unix.html.en#polipo

I havenot used vidalia but basically you need to restart tor with sudo /etc/init.d/tor restart after you setup configuration and setup your applications.


Can't install VLC package from the PPA "The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available"

The problem was the error with the signature. The solve was the following commands:

gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 6A9653F936FD5529
gpg --export --armor 6A9653F936FD5529 | sudo apt-key add -


The bug is actually exists.

I reported it to launchpad as bug 1730178 from clean installation of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and 18.04 LTS.

  Steps to reproduce:
  1. Install Ubuntu 16.04 LTS / 17.10 / 18.04 LTS
  2. Install komparator package
  3. Create folder with duplicates and launch duplicates search here:

mkdir /tmp/komp
cp /etc/os-release /tmp/komp/
cp /etc/os-release /tmp/komp/os-release2
komparator4 /tmp/komp/ /tmp/komp/

  Do not touch options in komparator4 window and click Search button.

On my machines which were upgraded from 12.04 LTS to 16.04 LTS I have no problems with komparator.

I'm sorry, but I have no solution for clean installations.

Possible solutions:

On clean installation it works on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.
Use other program FSlint Janitor from fslint package as alternative to komparator4.


Is there a safe way to install Nvidia drivers?

It is very easy to install Nvidia drivers.

Disable Secure Boot in BIOS.
Go to Software & Updates -> Additional Drivers and select a recommended driver.


Does Ubuntu run from a CD/DVD save data ONLY in memory?

From the answers to this question, we can safely believe that no data is stored on the hard disk unless we choose to save it to hard disk(persistence).

As for a definitve answer check out this post on stackoverflow which explains that it is a ramdisk.

Quoting from the Stackoverflow answer to the above said question:

  Believe it or not, it's a ramdisk :) All live distros mount a
  temporary hard disk in RAM memory. The process is completely
  user-transparent and is all because of the magic of Linux kernel.

  The OS, in fact, first allocates an area of your RAM memory into a
  virtual device, then mounts it as a regular hard drive in your file
  system.

  Once you reboot, you lose all your data from that ramdrive.

For more detailed information regarding this, check out the Wikipedia article on Live Cd explaining the technique of its working.


Installing ubuntu on a formatted NTFS drive

Try /dev/sdaX --> X is a number from 1 to n.


In gedit, what is the "file browser panel" plugin and what does it do?

Press F9 and you will see how it works:

Plugin active:

Plugin inactive:


GUI/Unity crashing in 16.04 LTS after updates 2018-01-04, compiz segfaults

UPDATE APRIL

I was hit again by this bug/symptoms on 26 April 2018. I could solve it by applying the March fix AND additionally cleaning the crash dir.

rm ~/.config/upstart/lowgfx.conf
sed -i 's/-lowgfx//' ~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig/config
rm -r ~/.cache/
sudo rm -r /var/crash/*
reboot

UPDATE March 2018.

It seems a bug with more or less the same symptoms hit a couple of users beginning of March 2018. This new bug is in compiz-config, not compiz. And it is less severe: guest session and low graphics mode is working fine.
New bug report.

Fix (for most users):

rm ~/.config/upstart/lowgfx.conf
sed -i 's/-lowgfx//' ~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig/config
rm -r ~/.cache/
reboot

Explanation:
Remove any lowgfx.conf file and change profile = unity-lowgfx to profile = unity in .config/compiz-1/compizconfig/config. Clean the .cache directory in your home directory.Reboot.Thx to everyone contributing in the bugreport.

If you're hit in March and above solution is not working, leave a message on the bug report. Try workaround 3 (see below). Otherwise try to tweak compiz settings in CCSM. Or delete/clean your ~/.cache directory.

Bug Fixed (January)

This bug is fixed now. Updates are in Xenial-updates, so an update will solve the issue.

 sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

You can disable proposed:

 System Settings -> Software & Updates -> Tab Developer options -> uncheck proposed

Or revert any of your workarounds.

Background

This bug is acknowledged and caused by the mesa updates of 2018-01-04 to 17.2.4. The bug is now marked as a duplicate of an earlier bug filed 2017-12-01, unfortunately that bug was misfiled.

Only older Intel, ~2006-2011, with integrated graphics (gen4/5) are affected, so that's why it slipped through testing. And it only seems to affect Unity, not Gnome or LXDE.

Following info is obsolete

The patch for this bug will be available in xenial-proposed shortly.
Please help Ubuntu by testing this new package. See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Testing/EnableProposed for documentation on how to enable and use -proposed. Please give feedback at the bug report page to help getting this update out to other Ubuntu users. See comment 48 for info.

To enable proposed (please read info in above links first):

 System Settings -> Software & Updates -> Tab Developer options -> check proposed

Install patches

  sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dri/xenial-proposed
  sudo reboot

Then add a file /etc/apt/preferences.d/proposed-updates

 Package: *
 Pin: release a=xenial-proposed
 Pin-Priority: 400

This will protect you from updating all packages in the proposed repository next time you do a sudo apt upgrade. You don't want that.

If you add this file before you install the patches, you will get a dependency error message.

If you have used a PPA as a workaround, you have to purge that first.

 sudo ppa-purge ppa:paulo-miguel-dias/pkppa
 sudo reboot

Until this bug is fixed, what are the workarounds?

1. Install lubuntu-desktop (LXDE) aside unity

sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop

This will take around 400MB and install things like Abiword, you can remove them later to save disk-space. Simply choose Lubuntu at login.
Remove lubuntu-desktop again when the bug is resolved.

2. Downgrade the mesa-packages

This is described in the bug report. It can have unwanted side-effects and break dependencies, so decide for yourself.

As it seems these 4 packages need to be downgraded:

libegl1-mesa 17.2.4-0ubuntu1~16.04.2
libgbm1 17.2.4-0ubuntu1~16.04.2
libgl1-mesa-dri 17.2.4-0ubuntu1~16.04.2
libwayland-egl1-mesa 17.2.4-0ubuntu1~16.04.2

One way is to download them from the link in this comment and follow the instructions. dpkg -i *.deb

I you use Wine you will need the i386 packages too.

Prevent automatic upgrading from these 4 packages.
Don't forget to remove that file once the bug is resolved.

3. Use low graphics mode

This will mitigate the bugs and give you a somewhat working GUI.
But:

Dash not working
Alt tab not working
logout, reboot and halt needs to be done with terminal, same for programs not in the launcher
super key (windows) not working

That said: launcher, workspace switching and keyboard shortcuts are working, so just spread your programs over workspaces :)

Create a file ~/.config/upstart/lowgfx.conf

start on starting unity7
pre-start script
initctl set-env -g UNITY_LOW_GFX_MODE=1
end script

Logout and login.

4. PPA

Update mesa to a newer version through a PPA.
Don't forget to purge the PPA when the bug is solved. This is probably the best choice. Please read the info on the PPA-page before you apply following code.

 sudo apt-add-repository ppa:paulo-miguel-dias/pkppa
 sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
 sudo reboot

Reboot and it should be fine. If not please leave a message in the bug report.

Don't forget to purge the PPA when the bug is resolved.

 sudo ppa-purge ppa:paulo-miguel-dias/pkppa

5. Downgrade from HWE to stock kernel (and mesa/x-server)

Bug is caused by mesa (17.2.4) updates, and mesa is updated along kernels in the HWE stack. Returning to stock kernel (4.4) will solve the issue, it will downgrade mesa to 11.2.

sudo apt install --install-recommends xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core
xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-video-intel
server-xorg-video-qxl
sudo reboot

That will removes all HWE packages. Probably the most secure solution.

Hopefully this bug bug will be solved soon. Consider helping Ubuntu in testing .


Why was the Synaptic package manager removed from Ubuntu 11.10?

You can read a short description about the reasons in the Ubuntu Wiki: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SoftwareCenter#Rationale

Quote:

  Early versions of Ubuntu shipped many graphical utilities for
  installing and removing software: Add/Remove Applications, Synaptic
  Package Manager, Update Manager, Software Sources, apturl, GDebi, and
  Computer Janitor. This redundancy increased the amount of interface
  people had to learn, wasted space on the Ubuntu CD, fragmented
  development effort, and made people more likely to think that
  unsanctioned software installation methods were safe. Ubuntu Software
  Center replaces Add/Remove Applications, Synaptic, apturl, and GDebi,
  and acts as the main entry point to Software Sources.

  Beyond providing a central point for installing and removing software,
  USC plays a small but important part in encouraging application
  development on Ubuntu, by providing application developers with a
  prominent way to offer their software for installation.


Take a look at the answers to this question:
How can I get apt to use a mirror close to me, or choose a faster mirror?

I use the recommendation from an answer to that question to add the two lines below to the top of /etc/apt/sources.list. This is supposed to encourage the update process to automatically pick a download mirror with better performance. I think it helps.

deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb mirror://mirrors.ubuntu.com/mirrors.txt precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse

Note: The lines above are meant to used with the /etc/apt/sources.list for 12.04 (Precise Pangolin). For earlier releases replace precise with the release's corresponding codename.

Lucid (10.04), Maverick (10.10), Natty (11.04), Oneiric (11.10)


Unable to Mount flash or hard drive on Ubuntu 16.04

You need to install the support for the Exfat filesystem; it's not installed by default.

sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils

See also "http://unixnme.blogspot.ro/2016/04/how-to-mount-exfat-partition-in-ubuntu.html" on the Unix and Me blog.


How is software opened through the GNOME terminal

You have execute the specific command to start specific softwore. Such as, if you want to start your File Manager, execute nautilus, to start Text Editor execute gedit. If you don't know the command, go to /usr/share/applications/ using your File Manager and search  icon of the application you want to start. Right click the icon and select 'Open with other application'. Now open the file with Text Editor (or any of your choice) and search the Exec= line. The content after Exec= is the command to start the application. You can also start that application as root by using sudo if you have permission to use sudo.


How can I create a secondary lxd bridge?

NOTE: The LXC client on the computer is capable of using remote LXC instances.  Anything between square brackets [ ] in the usage information here is to be ignored, as I'll explain what to do alongside it.  I also use launch commands provided from the OP's question, but you can use any OS image for launching that you'd like.

Instead of using brctl directly, and then messing with individual container configurations, consider instead using lxc network create to do this, and let LXD manage those bridges.  It makes creating the bridges really easy and doesn't give us headaches as much.  (This is what I do on several LXD environments).

From the usage:

lxc network create [<remote>:]<network> [key=value...]
    Create a network.

Effectively, just do lxc network create lxcbr1 or whatever you want to name it.

The problem is, you have to specify this somewhere.  I personally use configuration profiles for this, especially if I have to bind to multiple bridges.

Now, normally I have individual profiles for individual bridges, and don't put two on the same box, but in your case you'll have two LXD bridge definitions.  So we'll need to make a configuraiton profile for these.

If you need multiple bridges on the container at the same time...

Start by copying the default config to a multibridge config:

lxc profile copy default multibridge

After that, we need to edit the new multibridge file, to make it have multiple network devices.

lxc profile edit multibridge

You'll see something like this in the file:

devices:
  eth0:
    nictype: bridged
    parent: lxdbr0
    type: nic

Make a new blank line after that type line, and add lines, to make it look like this:

devices:
  eth0:
    nictype: bridged
    parent: lxdbr0
    type: nic
  eth1:
    nictype: bridged
    parent: testing
    type: nic

Don't edit anything else in the file, and save it.

Now, we have to tell LXD to create a new container, but to use the multibridge profile:

lxc launch images:centos/7/amd64 MyCentos -p multibridge

This will tell LXD to use the multibridge profile we just set up as the configuration profile for the new container, and it should use both lxdbr0 and lxdbr1 on eth0 and eth1 respectively within the container.

One major caveat: The system isn't smart, and doesn't configure eth1 properly.  As such, you need to go into your CentOS system, and set up the configuration for eth1 yourself, to set it to either DHCP or static IPs within the lxdbr1 config's IP ranges.  Otherwise, that interface won't ever be brought up.  As this configuration will vary from OS to OS, I can't give you a clear-cut answer here on how to configure each and every network interface on every image.  There's other resources available for that.

If you only need the new bridge, and not multiple bridges on one container at a time...

Then we need to create a profile for that specifically.

lxc profile copy default lxdbr1

... And then edit that new profile.

lxc profile edit lxdbr1

... And once in there, find where lxdbr0 is specified and change it to lxdbr1.

And then like above, launch your LXD container and specify the lxdbr1 profile for it.

lxc launch images:centos/7/amd64 MyCentos -p lxdbr1

You won't need to do any specialized configuration for the network interface, as the default is to set the first interface to DHCP and that will autoconfigure properly.

Just some post-configuration notes now:

You also can revise all the individual network elements if you know the configurations to enter by editing the lxdbr1 network configuration without using brctl and just call lxc network edit lxdbr1 and add the individual configurations.  This lets lxd actually handle everything, and doesn't make you have to set up the bridge manually yourself with brctl (and lets LXD manage the bridge).

You may want to set up the network config similar to the below, which disables automatic NAT and makes you have to configure how the data flows to the Internet manually for your second bridge (you can make changes to the bridge config itself via lxc network edit lxdbr1 if you wanted to use lxdbr1 as the name).  Note the use of ipv4.nat: "false" here, which disables the iptables' MASQUERADE rule that makes it look like the system itself reaching outbound:

config:
  ipv4.address: 10.75.251.1/24
  ipv4.dhcp: "true"
  ipv4.dhcp.ranges: 10.75.251.200-10.75.251.250
  ipv4.nat: "false"

There's also IPv6 equivalent commands as well, but IPv4 is easier to work with so I omit that here.  Once this is done, you need to reboot the containers.  Especially since we set everything to dhcp.


Cannot get past log in screen after restoring backup

If you are using unity, run the following command:

sudo rm -R /home/main-account/.config/gnome*
suso rm -R /home/main-account/.gnome*

you should now be able to login

If you still can't login, run dmesg and see if there are any errors listed that can help.


Share a printer connected to Ubuntu 16.04 with machines on local wi-fi network

This manual worked for me: Manual . Read Ubuntu print server section. The option to enable is called - "Publish shared printers connected to this server". Once enabled Ubuntu print server published without restart all locally connected printers. Also printer automatically appeared on another Ubuntu 16.04 system without any printer IPP address editing.


You can clone a portable installed Ubuntu system, that boots in UEFI and BIOS mode. I suggest that you select a simple system and install desktop environment and application programs afterwards. This way you will get 'everything' including grub via a simple installation from a compressed image file. (It is similar to how systems are installed into mobile phones and small devices like Raspberry Pi.)

See this link: help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/UEFI-and-BIOS


Auto-light-compensation or magic wands for a video is in the wishlist for every video editor, unfortunately, each video may contain major changes in illumination in the same scene, which makes a plugin like this a must but also a complicated thing to achieve.

Several tools on the kdenlive software allow you to run both "Color" and "Color correction" for your videos. The list includes but not limits to:

Colour Plugins

Colour Correction Plugins

For your case, the "Curves" Plugin may do an awesome work if you apply the effect directly on the video track, after wich you simply adjust the levels that will be applied to all the video elements on that track. This way in a few clicks you can adjust the properties of every video on that track. Nevertheless it will constantly apply the same effect in all the scenes, which may not be what you wish for an auto-light-compensation.

Good luck!


I just recently had the same problem - the way I fixed it was to uninstall OpenJDK 7 and install OpenJDK 6.

I have no idea why OpenJDK 7 doesn't want to work but it started glitching when I installed it via the Terminal.

Installing OpenJDK 6 is like installing a fresh new version of Java.

I had tried many different other commands and they didn't seem to work.


You can scale back menus in Settings -> Display.  There is a slider that is set to 1.00 by default.  This slider controls the relative size of menus and UI elements.  This may greatly help your problem.

Also, you might want to consider replacing the LCD with a higher-res screen.  I'm pretty sure that is an upgradable option.


You seriously need to try the 11.10 drivers have a look here if you want to install them. They are really recommended!

They solve many many problems including lag on video play, desktop window dragging, etc.

As a general rule tough I really suggest you do not run a desktop environment with 3D effects while playing 3D games, specially if you are using wine. Unity2D is a very good choice for you, its fast, nice to look at and works flawless.

I was using Unity2D until a few days ago with the 11.8 drivers cause of stability and use (no need for 11.9 if they worked the same). Installed 11.10 and the difference was humungous, went straight for Unity3D, effects: working, video play: working, necessary hacks and mods: none. Everything worked out of the box just perfect. At the moment I have to say 11.10 drivers are the best I have used till now.

About the nVidia purchase, well do as you want ofc but since most of these issues are driver related and both ATI and nVidia seem to have problems anyways I would say its a waste of money. Specially because google is reporting that the future 11.12 drivers from ATI are "even better then the 11.10 version".


18.04 upgrade - HP 8720 MFP - scanner permissions

The group of USB device is now lp.

It is necessary for the user to be in group lp.

You can use de command:

sudo adduser <username> lp

If you are in X sessión you need to logout and login again.

Confirm you have the lp group with the command id.


All drives mount read-only except primary ubuntu drive

I had the same problem. This question has been asked many times. Most probably you just have to uncheck the "turn on fast startup" option in Windows.
Navigate to Control Panel --> Power Option --> Choose what power buttons do --> Change settings that are currently unavailable Then uncheck turn on fast startup.


How to set new spellchecker language in Pidgin?

After one month of search I found here the solution:

Navigate to your package manager and select the package pidgin-plugin-pack.

Once installed, go to Pidgin and select menu Tools – Plugins and activate the Switch Spell plugin there. This plugin will place an additional menu section on the Pidgin messaging window that allows you to select language for each particular conversation.


How to automate date in template-generated file with Thunar [xfce4]

AFAIK you can't use only templates for this. One workaround could be to combine templates with custom actions and a bash script.

Preparation

First, write a script that, when given a file, will replace all occurrences of the string $(date) with the actual date (in some specified format). For instance, create ~/.local/bin/insert_date_into_template with the contents:

#!/bin/bash
# produce dd/mm/yyyy date, other formats possible
date=$(date +"%d/%m/%Y")
# see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/407523/escape-a-string-for-a-sed-replace-pattern
escaped_date=$(echo "$date" | sed 's/[\/&]/\\&/g')
sed -i 's/$(date)/'"$escaped_date"'/g' "$*"

and make it executable (chmod u+x ~/.local/bin/insert_date_into_template). Hopefully, ~/.local/bin/ is already in your $PATH.

Next, define a new custom action, by going to Edit > Configure custom actions in Thunar, and clicking on the plus sign on the side. Choose an appropriate name (say Insert date into template) and description, and set the command to insert_date_into_template %F (or, if that doesn't work, ~/.local/bin/insert_date_into_template %F).

Operation

Now, if you want to have a new file, pre-filled according to the template, but with $(date) replaced by the current date, you need to carry out two steps:

Create the new file from the template, as you'd normally do (right-click, Create Document etc.).
Invoke the custom action, by right-clicking on the newly created file and selecting Insert date into template (or whatever you named the custom action, above).

(Note that obviously the template needs to contain the string $(date) for this to have any effect. Also obviously don't invoke the custom action on the actual, original templates in ~/Templates!)

Room for improvement

In principle, the process could be condensed to just one step (rather than two), by writing an appropriate custom action. However, things might then get slightly fiddly, as you'd need to have a way of specifying which template (python, LaTeX, cpp etc.) you want to use. (If zenity is available in Xubuntu, you might use that, for the selection of the template.)


Does Ubuntu 16.04 run well on the GB-BXBT-1900 BRIX Mini-PC?

I have had 16.04.1 (64-bit) running smoothly on a BXBT-1900 for a couple of weeks now. BIOS version F8. Initially there were some serious problems: the machine would freeze randomly (requiring a hard reset) after anything from a few minutes to a few hours of usage. I found other reports of the same problem in this thread, and following the advice of one of the posters there I disabled the following BIOS features:

Intel Virtualization
Intel Speedstep technology
Turbo mode
Smart connect

Initially I disabled smart fan control too, but found that (1) enabling it doesn't seem to affect stability and (2) disabling it causes the fan to run very noisily at full speed all the time, so it's now enabled again. With these modifications, the machine appears to be entirely stable so far.

Kernel bug 109051 appears to be related to these freezes, but I haven't tried out the workaround suggested in the bug report.

Update: the machine has now been running smoothly for a couple of months and I'm happy with it. In case anyone else is having problems with this model, here's a full dump of all relevant BIOS settings and data:

Project name: GB-BXBT-1900(MZBAYAB-00)
BIOS Version: F8
Build Date and Time: 03/02/2016 18:43:21
Total Memory: 8192 MB (LPDDR3)
TXE FW Version: 01.01.02.1120
CPU SMART FAN Function: Enabled
CPU FAN Fail Detect: Disabled
Wake system from S5: Disabled
Intel Virtualization Technology: Disabled
EIST: Disabled
CPU C state Report: Disabled
SATA Mode: AHCI Mode
SATA Port: KINGSTON SV300 (120.0GB)
CSM Support: Enabled
LAN PXE OpROM: Disabled
DVMT Pre-Allocated: 512M
Onboard Audio: Enabled
Onboard LAN: Enabled
OS Selection: Windows 8.X
ERP Lowest Power State Mode: Disabled
Restore AC Power Loss: Power Off
System Mode: Setup
Secure Boot: Not Active
Secure Boot: Enabled
Secure Boot Mode: Standard
Fast Boot: Disabled
Boot Option #1: P0: KINGSTON SV300S...
Boot Option #2: UEFI: Built-in EFI ...

Of course I don't claim that this is the only configuration that will give a stable system, but having a well-documented "known good" configuration may save other users a lot of trial and error :).


Open GParted:

Select the USB stick in the upper right-hand corner
Choose the Device menu
Choose Create new partition table
Create a new ms-dos partition that takes up the whole space of the USB drive.

And that should solve the problem and if it doesn't, the USB stick is broken: throw it away and buy a new one.


ssh fails to auth by public key (periodically)

NOTE:  I'm getting comment notifications for the Q above but it looks like they're not being posted.  Bug in the migration of the question?

In my case,  this was some kind of routing error when using a domain name to ssh to the server (which was at Amazon).   ssh -vvv revealed that we were being routed to another IP for some reason (I suspect AWS's internal DNS).  ssh-ing to the direct IP address of the server resolved the issue.


How to play music, coming from the microphone jack?

I've picked this up some time ago. I hope it still works.

How to load a loopback device in PulseAudio

Open a terminal with Ctrl + Alt + T. Then enter

pactl load-module module-loopback

(without sudo or any special root rights). Now you should hear what is coming from your AUX-in. If not then open your audio settings dialog and try to change your settings from there. You will find the additional loopback-device.

If this works good and you want to have it on each boot, do this

sudo sh -c 'echo "load-module module-loopback" >> /etc/pulse/default.pa'

If for some reason you want to mute the device

pactl set-source-mute 1 1

To un-mute it

pactl set-source-mute 1 0

I've used this guide.

Related

Question: Pulseaudio loopback unload audio output devices


How do I wget a file from any machine on the network?

scp or rsync are probably better suited to grabbing a single arbitrary file from multiple machines.

If however, that single file is passwords, remote mount configurations, or similar system administration functions you should use the Network Information System (NIS) which is specifically designed for centralized management to make all 100 machines look like they are the same machine to someone sitting in front of one.


You could perhaps use audit system for that. It is a little heavyweight, but something like this should work (in /etc/audit/audit.rules):

# delete all other rules
-D

# watch the file in question
-w /path/to/file -p rwxa

and then I think you need to restart auditd:

sudo service audit restart

(In case you don't have it installed, it is in package auditd.) The culprit can then be found in /var/log/audit/audit.log.


Why is CPU usage higher in Windows 7 after installing Ubuntu 12.04 via windows installer?

This was answered in a comment:

  The only way this could happen is if you used up all your free space
  with the Wubi install and Windows is choking with paging. There's no
  part of Wubi that runs in Windows except during the install or the
  uninstall.

– bcbc Jan 12 at 2:54


This appears to be a common issue for VMware 3D support according to a post on the support forums

Comment number 8 gives a possible solution;

  You need to install the VMware Tools in the guest to get the proper
  video driver.

The Radeon HD 6850 card is from the BARTS family of cards - that is why it is listed as such


USB/Keyboard/Mouse not recognized after update to 13.10 from 12.10

@Konveyorbelt - I have just found a solution that worked for me here:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/72625/why-is-usb-not-working-in-linux-when-it-works-in-uefi-bios

Check the BIOS settings - there should be something called IOMMU controller which is disabled by default - When I clicked enable, saved settings and restarted the computer the USB and network functionality were completely restored. Hope it works for you.


How can I create and delete files in an NTFS partition?

NTFS has been something a lot of people have had issues with, and as such there are a lot of questions already about this topic.

This is a permission issue, where your user do not have permission to write to these partitions/drives.

Please have a look at these:

Can't write to NTFS formatted drives
How do I use 'chmod' on an NTFS (or FAT32) partition?
Can't mount NTFS partition with write permissions
Setting permission for NTFS partition


Any browser that doesn't cause noisy fan noise when playing youtube videos?

Anything task that is resource demanding like playing videos on a 4K screen or using the Nvidia 1050 Ti discrete graphics processor causes the computer to heat up, so the fans have to work harder to keep the computer cool. When the fans work harder they make more noise. Using a different web browser than Firefox won't make much of a difference in how much CPU and GPU resources the computer uses to perform these tasks.

Removing dust from the cooling fins underneath the fan might help to reduce the noise. If you listen carefully you can tell whether a loud fan noise is being caused by normal rapid spinning of the fan or by rattling or grating of the fan's bearings. If the fan noise is much too loud, then it's time to replace the fan. It's easier to replace the fan on desktop computers than it is to replace the fan on laptops, because on desktop computers the fans are easier to get at.


which format is more suitable for reading on a laptop and converting to pdf: chm or epub

epub is more suitable for reading on a laptop and Ubuntu (for bookmarks, annotations, viewing, navigation, etc.) using Calibre E-Book Viewer from the default Ubuntu repositoriese. Calibre is meant to be a complete e-library solution. It includes library management and format conversion and there are options for customizing an ebook's look and feel in the Calibre Preferences.
epub doesn't convert to pdf very well, however epub converts to rtf properly using Calibre and rtf converts to pdf perfectly using LibreOffice Writer. To get a good-looking pdf document, you have to try different font sizes, indentations, line spacings, etc. for the rtf document until you find the combination that can be converted to a pdf document that looks good to you.


dpkg --add-architecture i386
apt-get update

That should enable the 32bit libs along 64bit ones.


it is very easy

[NewIncognito Shortcut Group]
Name=New Incognito Window
Exec=/opt/google/chrome/google-chrome --incognito
TargetEnvironment=Unity

 you must add a line like this

X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=XXXXX;XXXXX;XXXXX here XXXXX is name in [ ] except Shortcut Group

now for example,

you can give any name in between [ ] like here is NewIncognito Shortcut Group. but you must write Shortcut Group after name. it means that you can give any name in [NewIncognito Shortcut Group] in place of NewIncognito only.

Name= Can be anything but meaningful to know what it does.

Exec= is path to that executable(only if the directory is not in PATH variable) file like Exec=/opt/google/chrome/google-chrome

now the actual thing which is main thing for all this fuzz is parameter passed while opening the executable. here it is --incognito.

You always know which executable you want to start but your main problem is

 Which parameter to use? or how do I know to use this one or that one?

just open terminal cd(no need to cd to dir if it's in your PATH variable) to directory where your executable is located.

now write name of your executable file(here is google-chrome) and then write --help. so You would type

google-chrome --help

this will show you different options or parameters which can be passed and other info about them. here is output

OPTIONS
       Google  Chrome has hundreds of undocumented command-line flags that are
       added and removed at the whim of the  developers.   Here,  we  document
       relatively stable flags.

   --user-data-dir=DIR
          Specifies  the directory that user data (your "profile") is kept
          in.  Defaults to ~/.config/google-chrome .   Separate  instances
          of  Google  Chrome  must  use  separate  user  data directories;
          repeated invocations of google-chrome  will  reuse  an  existing
          process for a given user data directory.

   --app=URL
          Runs URL in "app mode": with no browser toolbars.

   --incognito
          Open in incognito mode.

   --version
          Show version information.

this output is very long and i should not paste all here.

google-chrome --help opens manpage actually. but most of the time only text output  is given in terminal.

lets take example of banshee

if you run banshee --help it give something like

Usage: banshee [options...] [files|URIs...]

Help Options

  --help                   Show this help
  --help-playback          Show options for controlling playback
  --help-query-track       Show options for querying the playing track
  --help-query-player      Show options for querying the playing engine
  --help-ui                Show options for the user interface
  --help-debug             Show options for developers and debugging
  --help-all               Show all option groups
  --version                Show version information

they have divided help category wise. Now I want to know options for playback so I will type

banshee --help-playback

which shows,

Playback Control Options

  --next                     Play the next track, optionally restarting if the
                             'restart' value is set

  --previous                 Play the previous track, optionally restarting if
                             the 'restart value is set

  --restart-or-previous      If the current song has been played longer than 4
                             seconds then restart it, otherwise the same as
                             --previous

  --play-enqueued            Automatically start playing any tracks enqueued on
                             the command line

  --play                     Start playback
  --pause                    Pause playback
  --toggle-playing           Toggle playback
  --stop                     Completely stop playback
  --stop-when-finished       Enable or disable playback stopping after the
                             currently playing track (value should be either
                             'true' or 'false')

  --set-volume=LEVEL         Set the playback volume (0-100), prefix with +/-
                             for relative values

  --set-position=POS         Seek to a specific point (seconds, float)
  --set-rating=RATING        Set the currently played track's rating (0 to 5)

Now you know how to make it play next or previous or pause.
So you can create entries like

Exec=banshee --next for next song

Exec=banshee --pause to pause song

Exec=banshee --previous to Play the previous track


That's presumably because the outputs you are still getting are being sent on the STDERR (file descriptor 2) stream, not on the STDOUT (file descriptor 1) stream.

Normally, warning and error messages are sent on the STDERR, and regular output on STDOUT stream.

If you want to disable outputting on STDERR too, send the file descriptor 2 to /dev/null too:

play >/dev/null 2>&1

Or in bash (or zsh, ksh):

play &>/dev/null


The original problem was solved by reconfiguring Postfix on a step by step basis. I have a new issue which pertains to ehlo smtp server verification. As such I will raise a new question and consider this one closed.


My wifi stopped working at all on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

You have a wrong kernel installed for Ubuntu 16.04. Connect to the internet by wire and run in a terminal

sudo apt install linux-generic

and reboot.


Ubuntu 14.04 won't boot even after Boot-Repair-Disk

First, make sure it is trying to boot from the hard drive. Second, make sure that grub is actually installed to the mbr not just the partition you have ubuntu on. Third, you don't need a blank ntfs partition to be able to boot, and on machines that use bios you don't need an efi partition either


Stop prompting for password every time I do something requiring privileges

A dirty workaround would be to set your account to not prompt for sudo passwords, but that is not recommended for security purposes.  if you type "sudo visudo"  you should be able to add an entry for your user that looks like this:

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
username    ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL

This may or may not work for the GUI as well


I suggest you try:

gksudo gedit /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/99restartNM

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit.

Write the following file:

#!/bin/bash

case "$1" in
  hibernate)
    # put commands to run on hibernation here
    ;;
  thaw)
    # put commands to run when returning from hibernation here
    ;;
  suspend)
    # put commands to run on suspend here
    ;;
  resume)
    # put commands to run when returning from suspension
    service network-manager restart
    ;;
esac

Proofread carefully and give special attention to spacing and punctuation; save and close the text editor. Reboot and test.


Unable to disable link-local auto configuration in Ubuntu 20.0.4.1 with netplan

This has been reported as a bug in netplan at https://bugs.launchpad.net/netplan/+bug/1908028


Display Grub Menu Entries from Command Line
I created a script grub-menu.sh to make it easy to find the menu entry number:

Booting with Grub Menu Entry Number
If you wanted to reboot into Kernel 4.4.0-131 you would use:
sudo grub-reboot "1>6"

Getting the bash script grub-menu.sh
You can find the bash script in this Q&A: Display grub menu and options without rebooting?


I found this in xkb (from 'xkbcomp $DISPLAY temp.xkb')...

key <I185> {         [    XF86ScrollUp ] };
key <I186> {         [  XF86ScrollDown ] };

Maybe XF86ScrollUp/Down is what you need?


Blank screen while trying to install 12.10

I would not use Unetbootin. I've never been able to get it to work. Instead, use an official Ubuntu guide to do it:

Windows: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows
Mac OS X: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/create-a-usb-stick-on-mac-osx
Ubuntu Live environment or Ubuntu installation: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu

Choose the guide for the operating system you want to use for creating the USB stick. Have fun Ubuntuing!


You make no mention of Ubuntu, but you posted this in AskUbuntu. I'm going to assume you are moving photos like this iPhone -> Ubuntu -> eBay, since anything else would probably be off-topic.

Shotwell can do this easily, it's in the preferences menu 'Rename imported files to lowercase':

If Shotwell can't import directly from the iPhone, just copy the images to your Desktop and then import them into Shotwell from there.

Another easy option is to use pyrenamer from the software center. It's especially useful if you are doing lots of these retroactively, and you can also rename JPEGs based on embedded metadata like dates & times.


dpkg error: "Could not exec dpkg! E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (100) "

You have to restore dpkg's directory in the following state:

$ ls /var/lib/dpkg/ -l
total 12543
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4128 апр.   8 13:01 alternatives
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      11 сент. 10  2013 arch
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3075761 апр.   8 13:15 available
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3075761 апр.   8 13:00 available-old
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       8 апр.  24  2013 cmethopt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    2052 апр.   2 07:51 diversions
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    2096 апр.   2 07:50 diversions-old
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  483752 апр.   8 13:16 info
-rw-r----- 1 root root       0 апр.   8 13:16 lock
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root      48 марта 23  2013 parts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     288 февр. 12 11:45 statoverride
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     260 февр. 12 09:58 statoverride-old
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3081465 апр.   8 13:16 status
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3082826 апр.   8 13:15 status-old
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root     744 апр.   8 13:00 triggers
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root      48 апр.   8 13:16 updates

The problem is that you cut the branch on which you sit. The simple reinstallation of dpkg doesn't work because it's dependent on the directory you have deleted. Fortunately, we have dpkg status file backup in /var/backups. So you have to do this:

sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg
sudo cp /var/backups/dpkg.status.0 /var/lib/dpkg/
sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/dpkg.status.0 /var/lib/dpkg/status
sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/updates
sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info
sudo touch /var/lib/dpkg/available
sudo apt-get install --reinstall dpkg

After this, you should be able to use apt-get. And at last, one good advice: don't delete any file/directory in the system unless you know what are you doing!


The 3 packages that you found to contain curl-config:

libcurl4-gnutls-dev
libcurl4-nss-dev
libcurl4-openssl-dev

All seem to have the same functionality. I installed the first of these via Synaptic Package Manager and was then able to install RCurl from CRAN.

So, if you choose the first option, open a terminal box and do

sudo apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev

then go into R and do

install.packages("RCurl")


How to properly setup runit on Ubuntu 18.04

The runit package does not provide a systemd unit file out of the box. But there is a special package that provides it: runit-systemd.

Just install this package and runit will do its job.

sudo apt install runit-systemd


If you do still have the password for sudo.

Try sudo

If it do not work, run

chmod +777 <filename>


It was an issue with Nvidia graphics driver. Solved it by downgrading the driver.


Screen turns of during boot and turns on for loginscreen again

It's a question of video support in the various stages of the boot process...

Early on the firmware (EFI) is handling the video display. Everything up to and including GRUB relies on this support.
Early in the Linux boot process, the kernel is in control of the display. The kernel has a number of video drivers, including both text-mode and video drivers, some of which are generic and some of which support specific cards. It sounds like the correct one is not being used, or it's been misconfigured in some way.
Late in the Linux boot process, the X server takes over the display, and X has its own drivers. This is obviously working for you.

Given your symptoms, there's a chance that the kernel's text-mode video support is not working even after you boot the system. Ordinarily, if you hit Ctrl+Alt+F1 (or any other function key through F6), you should see a text-mode login screen. Hitting Alt+F7 (or occasionally F8) should bring you back to X. If this doesn't work, and you instead see a blank display, then your text-mode video support is bad. There are a number of possible more specific causes, like a lack of a video driver, the wrong video port being active (built into the motherboard vs. an add-on card, for instance), and the video driver doing something wrong for initializing the video card. You may be able to fix this by adding kernel options, but details depend on your video hardware and maybe even your computer. This question and answer provide suggestions for solutions to a more serious variant on this problem, and they might help you, too.

A less severe type of problem might be partially fixed by removing the quiet splash options from the kernel command line. You can do this in GRUB by hitting e to edit an entry, then removing quiet splash from the kernel options line. This variant assumes that the problem is just in the kernel's use of graphics mode and that text mode works fine. If this is the cause, then you'll probably be able to log in using text mode by hitting Ctrl+Alt+F1, and removing quiet splash at boot will result in a verbose text-mode boot rather than the boot with the Ubuntu logo. As with the previous scenario, adding kernel options might enable the regular logo to appear, but which options you'd want to use depends on your hardware and perhaps other factors. As I'm not an encyclopedia of solutions to these problems, I can't offer specific suggestions on what to try -- but the above linked-to question and answers might be helpful.

One more thing to note is that there are two or three sets of X drivers for Nvidia chipsets. Which one you use affects not just X, but kernel drivers, because some Nvidia drivers (especially the proprietary ones) require kernel support, which in turn means that the kernel needs certain drivers be active and others not. Thus, changing your X drivers can influence the behavior of the system before X even starts.

Overall, video support in Linux is a pretty complex web!


Alias with gnome-terminal acting very odd

Your problem is due to the incorrect use of single quotes, precisely single quotes inside single quotes.

From man bash:

  Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of
  each character within the quotes.  A single quote may not occur
  between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.

So change the single quotes of bash -c into escaped double quotes:

alias acc='gnome-terminal -e "bash -c \"cd ~/Downloads; vim jasonaccomp\""'


You probably need to install the libavcodec-dev package (for development files) not just the libavcodec runtime binary.

sudo apt install libavcodec-dev


Ubuntu 18.04 and cifs/smb shares missing in file>open dialog boxes

Which handbrake did you install? There are 2 in "Ubuntu Software".

One is a snap labeled handbrake-jz. Try as I might I cannot get to the gvfs mount point for my network share.

The other is labeled HandBrake. It comes from the Ubuntu repository. This one allows me to access the mount point. In fact it shows up on the side panel of the "Open Source" dialog in HandBrake.

They are at different levels however. jz is at 1.2 and the repository one is 1.1

EDIT: This one I didn't test but there is also a PPA with instructions on how to install it for this app that I think is at version 1.3 here: https://launchpad.net/~stebbins/+archive/ubuntu/handbrake-releases


How do install Ubuntu on a netbook with a 32-bit atom processor?

First thing I would try is to boot the live CD with acpi=off, noapic and/or nolapic boot options, they can help with a good many hardware related kernel panics situations.

You should be able to set these with F6
From Ubuntu LiveCD documentation :

  F6. Other Options. ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) and EDD (Enhanced Disk Drive) options which may help if your computer does not support or has problems with these systems. Highlight the selection and press the ENTER key or SPACE key to select it. An "X" will appear, indicating selection. Multiple items can be selected from this popup menu. Hit ESC to leave the popup menu. The selections are retained at the time the user presses the ESC key.

Note: You could install 32 bit Ubuntu 14.04 also, working fine with atom processor.


Using Grep to search for multiple words in a file

more simpler way. make a new file that will contain your search key-word, one per line.

grep --file=<filename containing search keys> <filename to find into>


What is the best way to configure a Thinkpad's TrackPoint?

Unfortunately there seems to be no easy way. What I will describe is how to create a new Upstart job to set the values on boot through the virtual filesystem under /sys.

Find the device path of your trackpoint

Run the following in a gnome-terminal (press Alt + F2, type gnome-terminal, and hit Enter):

find /sys/devices/platform/i8042 -name name | xargs grep -Fl TrackPoint | sed 's/\/input\/input[0-9]*\/name$//'

In my case this returns /sys/devices/platform/i8042/serio1/serio2 - change to whatever it returns for you in the following steps.
Find values for sensitivity and speed

Run the following commands in a gnome-terminal:

echo 220 | sudo tee /sys/devices/platform/i8042/serio1/serio2/sensitivity

for a sensitivity of 220 (this will ask you for your password), and

echo 100 | sudo tee /sys/devices/platform/i8042/serio1/serio2/speed

for a speed of 100. Once you found values you are comfortable with, make the change permanent using an Upstart job:
Create a new udev rule

Now we need to apply the settings during the system start. Therefore, press Alt + F2, type gksu gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/trackpoint.rules, and hit Enter (this will ask you for your password). Then paste the
following:

SUBSYSTEM=="serio", DRIVERS=="psmouse", WAIT_FOR="/sys/devices/platform/i8042/serio1/serio2/sensitivity", ATTR{sensitivity}="220", ATTR{speed}="110"

(Update) As WAIT_FOR is deprecated, on newer systems you can use DEVPATH instead:

SUBSYSTEM=="serio", DRIVERS=="psmouse", DEVPATH=="/sys/devices/platform/i8042/serio1/serio2", ATTR{sensitivity}="220", ATTR{speed}="110"

Save the file and either reboot or run the commands above:

sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
sudo udevadm trigger


Problem with input from simple script that copies a file to a different directory

Try these commands in your script:

#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter a path to a file: " file_to_copy
file_to_copy=$(bash -c "echo $file_to_copy")
file_to_copy=${file_to_copy/~\//$HOME\/}
cp "${file_to_copy}" /tmp

Explanation:

The third line will expand env variable values if any present.
The fourth line in the above code will try to search for ~ in your file_to_copy variable and if found it will be replace by $HOME path.
And \/ here \ is a backslash escape sequence character for /, as we want to replace ~/ with $HOME/.


Just solve it, it seems like my openssl got problems.  So I follow
https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/5845
to let the Software Updater work again.
actually, after fixed the SSL, it still shows
Failed to connect to https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release. Check your Internet connection or proxy settings
No new release found.

then I found
https://ubuntu-mate.community/t/cant-update-upgrade-anymore-um-18-04-v2-lts/19745/3
which edited /etc/update-manager/meta-release
https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release
https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts

TO
http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release
http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts

then works well!


Is running an add on like "No Script" in Firefox needed on a Linux system?

This is how I see it. When I used to run "No Script" it wasn't so much because I was worried about viruses or malware, but because I didn't want advertising companies tracking what I was doing. So while No Script on a Windows system is good for virus prevention, and a few other things. Running No Script on and Unix based system will still protect you - for the most part - from wandering eyes tracking your online activities.

So in short if you were wanting to run No Script to protect you from viruses, then no its not really necessary. But if you wanting to run it for pretty much any of its other uses, then yah you can go ahead and run it. Hope I was of some help.