Try specifying the full path in the launcher you are using.

So for example if the output of which matlab is /usr/bin/matlab, then change
the Exec field to

Exec=/usr/bin/matlab -desktop

Note that if this does solve the issue for you it's likely because you have a script called matlab that is shadowing the original matlab command and so perhaps matlab is not receiving the -desktop flag which it needs to run when launched without a terminal.

See this entry for more details about getting the launcher to start properly by using -desktop.

If for some reason you still get nothing, try setting the type field to terminal application to diagnose the problem further.


is adobe flash player plugin installer marked as "important security update"?

This happens in Windows all the time. Every couple of months, Windows releases a patch for broken software. What was wrong? Well, now everyone knows, because they had to declare what was broken.

I would take the security update, because the people that don't are now wide open.

Now, if you don't even have flash player on your system, something else is up. Make sure that it is software from Adobe, but either way install it.

Security updates are just that... for security. There should be no risk in taking one from a legitimate source.


Issues with alternate Windows software and Wine

WineHQ.com is the place to report such issues.

Open a ticket on the site and let the developers help you with your situation.


It doesn't show anything, because your Text has no ^A in it.

The ^ means "Beginning of line". And you have no line that begins with a Capital A.

You could search with:

grep "A" *

This will find the AAAAA in your first Line.

Or search for example:

grep "^a"

That finds the aaabb line in your text.

Grep is case sensitive.


Ubuntu 12.04 LTE update caused a kernel panic errors

Distribution Updates often cause problems, I had errors most times Upgrading.

The best way is to backup your data and make a clean install.

Should work out fine. :)


I am having huge problems installing Ralink RT5390 Wi-Fi drivers

I compiled this module on kernel 4.4.0-116-generic with the following steps:

sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/Inglebard/2011_1007_RT5390_RT5392_Linux_STA_V2.5.0.3_DPO_v2.git
cd 2011_1007_RT5390_RT5392_Linux_STA_V2.5.0.3_DPO_v2
tar -xjvf 2011_1007_RT5390_RT5392_Linux_STA_V2.5.0.3_DPO_v2.tar.bz2.bz2

cd 2011_1007_RT5390_RT5392_Linux_STA_V2.5.0.3_DPO
cp ../patch/rt5592sta_fix_64bit_3.8.patch .

patch -p1 <rt5592sta_fix_64bit_3.8.patch
sed -i "s\HAS_NATIVE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_SUPPORT=n\HAS_NATIVE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_SUPPORT=y\g" os/linux/config.mk

sudo make # sudo is needed because of /tftpboot
sudo make install

sudo modprobe rt5390sta

Module was loaded successfully:

$ lsmod | grep ^rt
rt5390sta            1441792  0

$ modinfo rt5390sta
filename:       /lib/modules/4.4.0-116-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/rt5390sta.ko
version:        2.6.0.0
srcversion:     30A94311FFD42FD05E12867
alias:          pci:v00001186d00003C05sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001814d00005362sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001814d00005392sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001814d0000539Fsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001814d00005390sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001814d00003390sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001814d00003092sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001814d00003091sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00001814d00003090sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
depends:
vermagic:       4.4.0-116-generic SMP mod_unload modversions retpoline
parm:           mac:rt28xx: wireless mac addr (charp)

But I can't compile it on 4.13.0-36-generic as you wrote.

Other driver from  https://github.com/agerwick/RT28XX-RT539X-Linux-driver does not compile on 4.13 too.


Very slow password checking on Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS starting a few days ago

The problem has been solved. It seems that an installation of Kerberos had gone a bit wrong and the system was trying and failing to authenticate with Kerberos every time. I've completely removed Kerberos from the system now and it is working fine.


This is not a ubuntu related problem. Your fans are normally controlled by your bios. I would check if your fans are connected properly to your mainboard. Or just take him to the repair shop.


I want to install wifi card, but my additional drives is empty

Your device uses the driver rtl8192ee which is not included in Ubuntu 14.04 and must be compiled from source code. Please get a temporary internet connection; ethernet or tethered or however. Open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential git
git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
cd rtlwifi_new
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rtl8192ee

Your wireless should be working now. Please let us know how it goes as we will probably have one more step.


How van unistall completely gimp from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS?

sudo apt purge gimp

Maybe followed by
sudo apt autoremove --purge

The latter will remove any unused and obsolete packages - check the output before hitting y for yes.


Blur and unclear content on Ubuntu gnome desktop on VM being accessed through VNC viewer

Because you should start session with gnome-session --session... line and not manually starting required applications. For example gnome-settings-daemon has been split in many smaller applications... And I think it is your problem!


Answering your question on the file type to download: Their download page does not have a special package for Ubuntu, which would be a "*.deb" file.
You would need to use a more general package file, and do some manual work to unpack it.

http://www.xaraxtreme.org/download.html

Looking at the download page, there are "binaries", but not in the common form of "packages" like *.rpm or *.deb, so nothing we can just install and run.

Seems there is some manual tweaking needed in this case.

If there were no binary packages, there could  but source packages, that need to
be build before it can be used; Not normally what you are looking for, if there
is an alternative.

To install xara, it turned out it was inthe standard Ubuntu package xaralx, in software source "multiverse".

Another common variant to install extra software that is not available by default is again not looking for files, but telling Ubuntu where to look for files (It would, in the end, look for, download and install *.deb files actually).

This can be done by adding PPAs to the software sources - Personal Package Archives, providing different software, or just different versions of standard software.

Conclusion: Normally, you should not need to know this type.:
 If you feel you do, chances are there is a better, simpler way to do it.

To answer what I thought was you real underlying question, in the sense of an X-Y-question (turning out to be wrong) - "How to install Xara on Ubuntu":

It is available as a normal package, you don't an extra download.
The package is called xaralx (maybe that was the confusing part) and can be installed normally:

sudo apt-get install xaralx

(The software source "multiverse" needs to be enabled)


How can I generate toString() method from fields?

I think this is what you want.

#!/bin/bash
# Create Java toString() method from stdin.

while read line; do
    word_last="${line##* }"
    name="${word_last%;}"
    if [[ $pairs ]]; then
        printf -v pair '",%s=" + %s + ' "$name" "$name"
    else
        printf -v pair '"%s=" + %s + ' "$name" "$name"
    fi
    pairs+="$pair"
done

printf '%s\n' 'public String toString() {'
printf '    return "{ " + %s"}";\n' "$pairs"
printf '%s\n' '}'

Call like this:

$ bash create_java_toString.sh << EOF
> private int port;
> private String portName;
> private ArrayList portList;
> private int id;
> EOF
public String toString() {
    return "{ " + "port=" + port + ",portName=" + portName + ",portList=" + portList + ",id=" + id + "}";
}

More examples:

$ bash create_java_toString.sh << EOF
> private int i;
> private int j;
> EOF
public String toString() {
    return "{ " + "i=" + i + ",j=" + j + "}";
}
$ bash create_java_toString.sh << EOF
> EOF
public String toString() {
    return "{ " + "}";
}


You can try to login and set the brightness via the brightness control.

Or you can try if it works with this terminal command

  echo 1666 >> /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

if this works you can add this command to the /etc/rc.local file which will run this command at startup process.

ps. you can change 1666 to whatever you want (more or less brightness)


Can't type apostrophe, deadkeys do not work (bionic)

<AC11> followed by A results in á for me with that layout.

Bug #1573755 comes to mind. For test purposes I suggest that you create an additional user, log in as that user, and find out if the issue is still present.


Repair Windows bootmgr file path from Ubuntu

So it turns out, boot-repair has this in the advanced-options. It even has a name: "hard-coded-EFI error".

Strangely however, just this didn't fix it for me. I had to go through a few rounds (yes, somehow one wasn't enough) attempts at Windows repair though the grub options for Windows with Dell. And after a couple of days, windows just boots like nothing happened.
I was almost on the verge of resetting the Windows itself, but I backed off last minute because I was not sure if the reset would remove my linux partitions as well. So it just did a boot repair from Windows again and after that I was able to boot.
Can't be conclusive what worked. But, a boot repair advanced option and few runs of Windows boot repair can't do much harm.


When your computer boots, does it show a boot loader? Or does it just boot into Windows?
If it shows a boot loader, does it show the Windows boot loader or does it show GRUB?

If it shows GRUB, something isn't correctly configured and you should go here.
If it shows the Windows boot loader or no boot loader, I suggest booting from a live CD and install GRUB2 as is documented here. From the Live CD you will be able to browse to your new partition.


When you click on an unread message in the Messaging Menu, it shouldn't open anything unless you set up an "Inbox[]" URL. To set it up, do the following:

open the configuration file (~/.config/unity-mail.conf) in any editor;
if there is no [URLs] section, add it (simply append this line to the file);
in [URLs] section, add lines like these:

Inbox[yourname@gmail.com] = http://mail.google.com/mail/
Inbox[yourname@mail.ru] = http://mail.ru/...

(of course you can use any emails/URLs there). Now it should open the specified URL when you click on the unread message.


How do I configure my SSHD to use a different shell?

OpenSSH always uses the shell of the user it is logging in. The simplest way is to change your remote user shell to zsh:

usermod --shell /usr/bin/zsh YOUR_USERNAME

Other possibility is to use ForceCommand in sshd_config, which will run the zsh for you under the default shell (bash). But note, that this will actually prevent you from running any other commands directly, such as scp or sftp!


Can't mount USB devices, shut down etc. as a user

For whatever DM you use (kdm, gdm, lightdm, etc.), do the following:

Append the following to the top of the /etc/pam.d/<your_dm> file:

session required pam_loginuid.so
session required pam_systemd.so

Logout, Restart X, Login
Check that everything works
Remove fix you applied in step 1.
Logout, Restart X, Login
Check that everything STILL works!

This so-called fix can be removed once you login and check that you have a working system.  It apparently allows the upgraded system to complete some process that fixes the underlying problem.  Once done (after an admin login?), the fix can be removed.

It also cleared up all the crash reports I was getting directly after login.


What is the purpose of the -9 option in the kill command?

The kill command will send a defined signal to a process with a given identity (PID):

kill -<signal> <pid>

Of course we can only kill processes we own, whereas root can kill all processes. See Wikipedia for a nice summary of computing signals.

Signals kill can send are listed in the manpage. The signal can be represented by name or by number. If no signal is given the default signal 15 resp. TERM is used.

All three commands below are therefore identical:

kill -9 1234
kill -KILL 1234
kill -SIGKILL 1234

The difference between SIGTERM and SIGKILL is the way an application may act on the signal:

TERM: an application will be able to terminate, i.e. properly run a shutdown routine.
KILL: the applications is stopped and killed immediately (which could lead to data loss or raising apport to report a presumed crash in some cases).


What is the `ServerName` attribute for apache2 and what does it do?

ServerName is just the internal name for your webpage. When some client talks to your Webserver it passes in the header what address is actually looking for but by no means people will find you just with that. For that are DNS.

  You type "http://www.example.com" into your browser.
  Your computer asks its DNS resolver which IP address it should use when it wants to talk to www.example.com.
  Your computer connects to that IP address, and says that it wants to talk to www.example.com (that's the Host:header in HTTP).
  The webserver looks at its configuration to figure out what to do with a request for content from www.example.com. Any one of the
  following may happen:

  www.example.com is listed as a ServerName or ServerAlias for a VirtualHost - if so, then it will use the configuration for that
  VirtualHostto deliver the content.
  The server doesn't have any VirtualHosts at all - if so, then it will use the configuration in its httpd.conf to deliver the content.
  The server has VirtualHosts but www.example.com isn't listed in any of them - if so, the first Virtualhost in the list will be used to
  deliver the content.

Taken from Jennen D answer at ServerFault

  Does it mean that it registers a domain name? Is it like DNS?

No, no.

  is there any way to register a free domain through the apache foundation?

No. You must pay.


Issues trying to download and install ubuntu

Did you create a bootable dvd/usb correctly? Assuming you're using Windows for this, these links have directions:

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/burn-a-dvd-on-windows
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows

And just in case you're using a EFI/UEFI computer: Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI

Here's a nice official Ubuntu guide (with pictures!) to installing Ubuntu:

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-ubuntu-desktop

The borrowed Ubuntu dvd of Ubuntu 8 is about 7 years old now, not supported and not recommended today.


Wake up my PC from suspend using a USB device (e.g. mouse)

I finally managed to solve this issue by upgrading to the kernel v3.12.0. Now the whole process of suspend/resume, including wake up with my USB mouse works!


Mount FAT32 filesystem as /home during installation?

No. The problem is that vfat does not support permissions so you can not use it as home.

You are almost certainly better off using a shared ntfs data partition.

Alternately you can install the fs-driver in windows

http://www.fs-driver.org/

It will read ext2/3/4 and you are going to be better off using ext4 for /home.


By making cat read those files, it is loading all those commands into the RAM cache. The intention is to make all those files already in the cache when some application actually requests any of them. Another answer to that post explains this.


Upgraded to Ubuntu 17.04 (from 16.04) - why I had to change downlad from main server & it is ok?

If you aren't doing anything where you need the source code, it doesn't matter whether or not you check the source code repositories, as you aren't making use of them. It shouldn't hurt to have them. I would not recommend unselecting the source repo, on the chance you may be using it (even unintentionally).

Downloading from the main server is fine. There may have been an issue with your local (country) server, but such issues should go away quickly as that server syncs with the main servers.  You should be fine to switch back, but it should work just fine leaving your setup as-is.


Instead, I suggest:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer


how i can protect my internet connection from being spoofed?

You must trust your LAN.  There are many nefarious things that can be done and your question is very broad.

If you're in need of a simple, secure solution, you can create an SSH Tunnel between your computer and a trusted host, but again, you've got to trust that host's LAN.


TimeShift not backing up to USB flash drive

Since I posted the question, about midnight I discovered the following site:
https://ubuntu-mate.org/faq/usb-image/
It didn’t really answer my question, but I followed the section called, Ubuntu/Ubuntu MATE.  Even though I put Ubuntu Mate on the flash drive, I was then able to do a full TimeShift backup on that flash drive.  I don’t know why that happened (I am basically a newbie, somewhat intermediate user of Linux); but I am happy I got the backup.
Thank all of you for your assistance.  Linux does have a wonderful and rapid reply Community.


Computer boots up to command line(probably)

This might be happened because of corruption of Ubuntu system files
while your nvidia drivers' installation.....

So I suggest you to reinstall Ubuntu and search for latest nvidia drivers which are compatible with Ubuntu...

I hope it may help you.


The trusted boot is explained for windows because it is fully implemented by Microsoft.

If you'd like to read about trusted boot on Ubuntu here there is an Ubuntu official wiki page that explains pretty good the steps.

About your questions advantages/disadvantages, it is a dilemma in my personal opinion....

Trusted boot is about enabling security at hardware/firmware level and not software level, which is a security countermeasure to avoid malware load before the operating system(s).

Said that, in the other end, by enabling security boot you are basically putting your system in the hand of Microsoft. Today Microsoft supports trusted boot for a number of Linux distros and it doesn't include custom Linux distros but Linux Foundation has implemented a generic loader signed by Microsoft that will allow any Linux to load, read this link from Linux foundation.

The problem is, this is always signed by Microsoft, in simple words there are two disadvantages:

Microsoft is not a community such as Linux, it is a capital gain company and if it loses its interest towards Linux it can cut it out at any time.
You are losing your freedom

The history will tell by itself that there will be never a good relationship between companies like Microsoft and communities such as Free Open Source Software.

I hope this will help you understand.

Thanks


A "too new" version of RubyGems can indeed be a problem with some older applications (mostly those who still use Rails 2.x), but the error message you posted seems to indicate a different cause. Your applications wants a specific version of the Rack gem and the version(s) you have installed probably don't fit that request.

Your applications calls for rack ~> 1.1.0. That condition is matched by any version in the 1.1.x series, for example 1.1.0, 1.1.5 or 1.1.345, but not 1.2.0 or 2.0.0. You seem to have installed Rack in 1.4.1, that does not match the condition ~> 1.1.0.

Fortunately you can install different versions of the same gem side by side. To check which version(s) of Rack you have installed you can use

gem list -l rack

That lists are locally installed (because of the -l switch) gems whose name starts with 'rack'. In that list there's probably no version of the 1.1.x series.

To install a specific version of a gem you can use the --version=x.y.z option, in your case

gem install rack --version=1.1.0

Chances are that your migrations run through with that.

If you actually need to downgrade RubyGems, you first need to install the RubyGems gem ( :D ) in the version you want to downgrade to analogous to what you did above, e. g.

gem install rubygems-update --version=x.y.z

Then you can do execute the "update" (in your case, the downgrade)

gem update --system x.y.z

where x.y.z is the version number you want. Be aware that "updating" to a specific version has been introduced in RubyGems 1.5.1, so you can't downgrade to any version below that.


It sounds like you didn't preserve the correct ownerships/permissions when you copied the files.

You can check the most important file attributes by logging in to the TTY and using

ls -ld $HOME/{,.ICEauthority,.Xauthority}

If necessary, you can change the ownership back recursively using

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER $HOME

If you continue to experience issues then look at the file permissions as well - but those are less likely to have been modified. If you have other users whose home directories reside on /home then you will likely need to correct those ownerships as well.


Causes of and how to minimize damage from forced shut downs?

So to your first question: What are some causes of boot problems after a sudden power off?

At shutdown the OS mainly waits until all Apps are correctly shutdown, shuts down Services,  saves settings etc. It's unlikely the whole machine will die after force shutting it down. If you have any DATA in the buffer then you will lose those. Think of it as things you need take with you every day. If you forget something you wont' die but will be unhappy.

Well there are many causes of boot problems but the most common ones are:

Hardware failure. (Hard-disk, motherboard, RAM etc.)
OS failure. (OS got disrupted)
User (Sometimes the User messes with stuff he/she does not know of :P)
Power loss (can be fatal, if you don't have the right power-supply your PC's gona have a hard )

To your second question: How can Ubuntu be configured to minimize damage from a sudden shut down?

In my experience a Backup Solution is always a good Idea. The thing is if your System freezes (And especially with Ubuntu that is a big IF) and you have to force shutdown the System, it should be no problem to recover with a Backup. But If your System crashes and you get a Hardware failure there is almost nothing you can do, except replace the broken part. :P

Here's a step by step how to Backup in Ubuntu:

Open System Settings:

Click on Backup:

Here you can set up your Backed-up Folders, when to Backup, where to BNac and how long your Backup should be saved:


Google Chrome stopped working on Ubuntu 16.04 - it only shows orange box

Since we are quite strongly affected by the problem, we tried to get to the root of the problem.
It turned out that the problem only occurred when you are trying to open chrome and/or chromium over a ssh tunnel.
After a web search we found a bugreport debian: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=949440

For convenience i am writing the solution here again.

Download a the c file a user attached in message #10.

wget "https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?att=1;bug=949440;filename=XlibNoSHM.c;msg=10" -O XlibNoSHM.c

Compile this into a shared object file.

apt install libX11-dev
gcc -shared -fPIC -o XlibNoSHM.so XlibNoSHM.c

Then you can start chromium / chrome with:

LD_PRELOAD='libdl.so ./XlibNoSHM.so' /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable
LD_PRELOAD='libdl.so ./XlibNoSHM.so' /usr/bin/chromium-browser

Hope that helps to solve the issue for you.


You could try
amixer sset Capture toggle

which will toggle the capture of your mic (on/off). You could even connect it to a key (e.g. XF86AdioMicMute -if you've got a key that invokes this event), so you would not even have to open a terminal for this.


The mentioned folder is owned by root, so you should create and edit the file as root. To achieve that, you can press Alt+F2 and type

  gksu gedit /etc/pm/config.d/config

You will be prompted for root password.

If you are familiar with terminal, you can easily create the file with command

  sudo nano /etc/pm/config.d/config

(substitute nano with your favorite text editor)


Is Lightdm-webkit-greeter necessary to run Ubuntu 14.04 LTS?

According to noobslab manual installing their lightdm-webkit-greeter theme may lead to errors. You can remove their theme, reboot and see if it helped.

sudo apt-get remove mbuntu-y-lightdm-v5

lightdm-webkit-greeter itself shouldn't be removed since it's the app that does the log in and desktop environment start.


hostname -I spamming more than one IP address

hostname -I is synonymous to hostname --all-ip-addresses which means it will show all IP address of all interfaces (except loopback).

In my computer, i have three configured interfaces (one is my physical (bridge) interface, one virtual interface for lxc and one virtual interface for docker), hence it shows:

% hostname -I
10.0.3.1 172.17.42.1 192.168.6.4

From man hostname:

  -I, --all-ip-addresses
           Display  all  network addresses of the host. This option enumerates all configured addresses on all network interfaces. The
  loopback interface and IPv6 link-local addresses are omitted. Contrary
  to option -i, this option does not depend on name resolution. Do not
  make any assumptions about the order of the output.


Document folder on sidebar points to Ubuntu One/Documents

I'm not sure how you got into this situation, but you can fix it by editing ~/.gtk-bookmarks, or removing the file altogether if you have no useful custom bookmarks in there.


Your issue is that

for i in $(grep -E '##.*bash.*file.*add' bash.kb); do echo $i; done

iterates over whitespace-delimited words in the command output. This is sometimes referred to as word splitting or more generally as split + glob.

You can read lines into an indexed array in bash using mapfile (or its synonym, readarray). Because mapfile reads from standard input, replace the command substitution $( ... ) with a process substitution <( ... ):

mapfile -t var < <(grep -E '##.*bash.*file.*add' bash.kb)

You can retrieve the values using "${var[0]}","${var[1]}" etc. (arrays  are zero-based) or loop over them all using

for i in "${var[@]}"; do echo "$i"; done

Note the use of double quotes to prevent word-splitting within the array elements.

If you don't actually need variables at all, and simply want to loop over the lines of command output, then use a while loop in place of a for loop:

while read -r i; do
  echo "$i"
done < <(grep -E '##.*bash.*file.*add' bash.kb)


Can't launch JD-GUI on Ubuntu 12.10 64bits

It is possible that you should install "libgtk2.0-0" (meaning the 64bit version) instead of "libgtk2.0-0:i386" (32bit version).
I noticed from the title that you are using a 64bit ubuntu version.


How to auto start openvpn (client) on Ubuntu CLI?

Download the OpenVPNConfigFile.ovpn. Note that you can rename the file to anything you like.
Move the ovpn file to /etc/openvpn
cd /etc/openvpn folder and enter sudo nano yourserver.txt

your_server_user_name
your_server_passowrd

Save and Close
sudo nano OpenVPNConfigFile.ovpn

Find auth-user-pass and add yourserver.txt next to it so that it becomes

auth-user-pass yourserver.txt

This will allow you to skip entering your credentials everytime you start openvpn connection
Rename OpenVPNConfigFile.ovpn to OpenVPNConfigFile.conf

sudo mv OpenVPNConfigFile.ovpn OpenVPNConfigFile.conf

sudo nano /etc/default/openvpn

Uncomment AUTOSTART="all"
sudo service openvpn start

You should see a message saying that you are connected. The connection will be established every time you start your computer.


Use /etc/aliases for outgoing mail relayed by postfix with local domain

I guess you could use a virtual alias.

If example.com is your domain on postfix:

in /etc/postfix/main.cf

virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

in /etc/postfix/virtual

root@example.com    dave

after editing

postmap hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

It should be working.

If I understood your question correctly, emails to root@example.com will now go to local user dave.


It's set in /etc/X11/Xsession.d/60x11-common_xdg_path (from package x11-common):

DEFAULT_XDG_CONFIG_DIRS='/etc/xdg'
DEFAULT_XDG_DATA_DIRS='/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/'
if [ -n "$DESKTOP_SESSION" ]; then
  # readd default if was empty
  if [ -z "$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS" ]; then
    XDG_CONFIG_DIRS="$DEFAULT_XDG_CONFIG_DIRS"/xdg-"$DESKTOP_SESSION":"$DEFAULT_XDG_CONFIG_DIRS"
  elif [ -n "${XDG_CONFIG_DIRS##*$DEFAULT_XDG_CONFIG_DIRS/xdg-$DESKTOP_SESSION*}" ]; then
    XDG_CONFIG_DIRS="$DEFAULT_XDG_CONFIG_DIRS"/xdg-"$DESKTOP_SESSION":"$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS"
  fi
  export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS

To add my own dirs I'd use something like /etc/X11/Xsession.d/70-local-my-xdg-path


This generally happens when an order/launcher is executed without having a specific .desktop file in /usr/share/applications or ~/.local/share/applications.

I'm afraid I might be wrong, but, based on my personal experience, this is what I think is happening.

Probably it's because your .desktop file under the directories above do not launch the same exact order you launch through the terminal. Let's say your application.desktop file contains

  Exec=app --some_option

If you launch app from the terminal, it will somehow relate it to the application.desktop file, but it will just use the small sized icon, instead of chosing the proper one for the situation.

Nontheless, I don't know how to properly solve it. Modifying the .desktop file may work, but I'm not sure at all.


What is the latest version of Ubuntu 14.04 on which fglrx for AMD can be installed?

When installing from an ISO the latest ISO you can install from and retain fglrx support, is 14.04.4. The 14.04.5 ISO installs with the kernel and Xorg packages from 16.04 that have been backported for hardware enablement.

If you are running a 14.04 installed prior to 14.04.5, and continue installing standard updates, but DO NOT install the lts-xenial HWE stack by hand, then fglrx should continue to work, even though the About information in System Settings and elsewhere, will say that you have 14.04.5.

The important part is to NOT be running the lts-xenial kernel and xorg packages, to get fglrx to work.


which flavor of Ubuntu works on ASUS P4GE MX mobo with P4 and 1gb ram

Because your system is a lower-end machine try the latest version of Lubuntu. This is the best option, in my opinion, as it runs on very minimal resources.


ecryptfs - decrypt and mount at boot with USB key

As far as I know you cannot do this with ecryptfs, but it should be possible with LUKS.

I don't know how it would work out in your scenario with a headless server and the given circumstances. I think it would result in the key being always plugged in. I'd suggest buying and configuring a UPS and OOB over the USB-key method.

Mount LUKS encrypted hard drive at boot
HOWTO: Automatically unlock LUKS encrypted drives with a keyfile
Dm-crypt/Device_encryption - Unlock the root partition at boot using a keyfile (Instructions are specific to Arch Linux)


Classic mode missing desktop effects after updates

I fixed it :D

I did it by modifying "/usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/classic-gnome.session". So for future reference:

Before you start, check why Unity/Compiz is not working. You can do this with:

/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

And:

/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p --compiz

If some tests fail there is probably a better way to fix this (like installing/updating drivers).
In my case all tests were passed, but my videocard was blacklisted. When I started Compiz manually (with setsid compiz --replace) it ran fine anyway. I wanted to make it permanent, so I took the following steps:

Safety first, so make a backup of the file:

cd /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/
sudo cp classic-gnome.session classic-gnome.session.backup

Then edit the file with:

sudo gedit classic-gnome.session

Remove the last 3 lines, being:

IsRunnableHelper=/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test --compiz
FallbackSessionsID=GNOME2d
GNOME2d=2d-gnome

So the file now only contains:

[GNOME Session]
Name=Classic GNOME
Required=windowmanager;panel;filemanager;
Required-windowmanager=gnome-wm
Required-panel=gnome-panel
Required-filemanager=nautilus
DefaultApps=gnome-settings-daemon;

After saving the file, it boots to Ubuntu Classic, including Effects :D

Source: http://ubuntu4beginners.blogspot.com/2011/05/force-unity-compiz-to-run-natty-narwhal.html


Try looking at this link. It does seem that Ubuntu is offering Unmodified Mainline Kernel (I hope that this is what you mean by Vanilla Kernel).


What do I need to be able to "dock/tile" windows side by side

You might be missing compizconfig-settings-manager  if you use Unity/Compiz.

And then have a look at the snap plugin.

Snap Type Here you can define what types of snapping are available.

Checking Edge Resistance makes windows snap to edges and you must move the mouse further before they un-snap
Checking Edge Attraction makes windows snap to edges as you get close to them

Edges allows you to define what is an edge

Checking Screen Edges makes windows snap to the edges of your screen
Checking Window Edges makes windows snap to the edges of other windows

The value Edge Resistance Distance defines how many pixels space you must move your mouse before the window un-snaps
The value Edge Attraction Distance defines how many pixels space windows must be next to each other before they snap.


What are the packages that are related to the empathy IM client?

Based on a study of the dependencies/reverse dependencies of empathy, the following packages are "related" (in some way) to empathy:

empathy
empathy-common
telepathy-gnome
empathy-call
nautilus-sendto-empathy
indicator-status-provider-mc5
libtelepathy-farstream2
telepathy-gabble
telepathy-haze
telepathy-idle
telepathy-indicator
telepathy-mission-control-5
telepathy-salut

You should only upgrade the ones you have installed, don't install any new ones! :)


Mouse cursor flickering with ubuntu 13.10

I am running Ubuntu 14.04 on a Dell L502X (15") laptop and I have had this problem. I had been using Bumblebee until software updates indicated the video adapter control it was providing was supposed to be now handled in the kernel. The problem described above started occurring about that time. I just re-installed Bumblebee, rebooted the computer, and found the System Settings > Displays > unknown monitor had disappeared and the mouse no longer flickers.

Bumblebee is software provided to handle computers with the Primus video controllers installed - IE computers with the Intel VGA controller included with the CPU, and an extra video controller provided by NVidia or AMD.


Why was Qt chosen for unity-2d and Nux for 3d?

Nux wasn't exactly chosen - it was created from scratch and is developed alongside Unity. For some information on what it is and the benefits see this posting from Unity developer Jason Smith. Also there is a question that goes into much more detail on the inner workings of Nux.

Qt has recently been praised by Canonical's Matt Zimmerman on his blog for being stable on ARM platforms as well as x86; for being cross platform; and for having a mature touch input system.

I know this doesn't completely answer your question but it gives some insight into reasoning behind these decisions.


GNUPG / GPG / S3 / Duplicity gpg: no default secret key: secret key not available

Thanks to the help of NIIBE, the problem was:

  I re-read your original post again, and found that you redefine the
  environment variable "HOME" in the script, which is the cause of the
  trouble.

  Please add two lines in your script:

GNUPGHOME=/home/bege/.gnupg
export GNUPGHOME

  Then, please try with new script.  After you set GNUPGHOME, gpg command will access that directory.

  (Please note that secret subkey for encryption is also needed.)

Hopefully this will save somebody some time someday.


Extremely long boot after installing Nvidia drivers

There are three main ways (and probably a lot more than three ways total) to install nvidia drivers.

binary driver (with apt install, my favorite way)
the "Additional Drivers" app (great, pretty reliable, just not the best selection of drivers, sometimes way out of date)
Nvidia-distributed latest compiles in .run format

you'd think the files installed and the result would be the same but it's not.

Nvidia's very own .run file is pretty dubious if you ask me. I used to think it would be the most bleeding edge but it turns out it pales in comparison to the apt method in terms of performance. sure the driver version is the latest but perhaps it's windows-only code edits and of no particular benefit to how it runs on linux.

I'd recommend uninstalling your current nvidia driver :

if you did it via the .run in a sessionless console mode (ctl-alt-F6) then repeat the procedure and run the (admin) command as if you were going to install it but add the --uninstall flag at the end of you install/sh command.
if you did it via the "Additional Driver" app then open that up again and simply tick the X.org driver apply and restart.

you can install via the binary method in this way :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
ubuntu-drivers devices
sudo apt-get install nvidia-(your version number)


Interface stopped working when Compiz effects are on

Have you tried unity --reset in a terminal?


Trying to configure samba share with office server

I think mount error 22 = invalid argument? Try IP address instead of Server.local.
Install the network file system:

sudo apt-get install smbfs


Setting multiple options in /etc/default/keyboard?

The solution in my case was to reset gsettings with:

gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options

and just in case it makes a difference, which I can only imagine it won't, I slightly changed the file to:

# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE

# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.

XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="gb"
XKBVARIANT=""
XKBOPTIONS="ctrl:lctrl_meta,caps:ctrl_modifier"

BACKSPACE="guess"

(swapping the order of the options)

After restarting, the keys were bound correctly. Here is what gsettings reports after the restart:

$ gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options
['ctrl:lctrl_meta', 'caps:ctrl_modifier']

Strangely the ex-caps-lock-key doesn't fully work as control as when I try to close a terminal tab with ex-caps-lock-key + shift + w it doesn't do anything, but it works for everything else.


Gnome Extensions button not displaying extensions when pressed

In the end after a lot of fiddling around I ended up doing a fresh install of 18.04 on the offending Toshiba an doing step by step configuration from scratch, rebooting along the way and checking all was fine.

Dash-to-panel installation went fine as did adding the extensions button to the panel and the button worked.  It was at this point that I went to add some themes and icons and when I went to add
Telinkrin theme here https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1215199/
and noticed this para for the first time

GTK+ 3.20 or later. Only standard (or Ubuntu) gnome-desktop is supported. Ready for Ubuntu 18.04
Disable gnome-extensions that reside on the headerbar because they mess up the headerbar-theming.

So that is what I did!  Now that there is no button there it cannot be pressed to see if it works ornot!!!  And for consistancy I removed it from the Vostro also haha.


How can I programmatically change a file's icon?

To change those icons from the command line, you can use the following command:

gvfs-set-attribute -t string /path/to/your/file metadata::custom-icon file:///path/to/your/icon.png

You can use this command in a bash script according to your needs.

If you run the command and the icon does not change immediately, you can install the xautomation package with:

sudo apt-get install xautomation

And finally, use the command "xte" to "sendkey" in bash like "F5" to refresh..
A little example would be:

#!/bin/bash
gvfs-set-attribute -t string /home/hermes/testicon metadata::custom-icon file:///home/hermes/Desktop/applet_blank.png
sleep 3
xte "key F5"

I hope this is useful for you.


Ubuntu desktop 12.10 64-bit, icons don't show

Jorge

First, I recommend you to update ubuntu to a new version, it could be  15.04 because the drivers have better support.

Then go to the terminal and do What @10robinho told you. Because that command install the most recent drivers.


Conjure-up Exception: Could not determine Juju version

Check your juju version:

juju version

If output is something like this:

The program 'juju' can be found in the following packages:
* juju-2.0
* juju-1-default
Ask your administrator to install one of them

check your $PATH environment variable:

echo $PATH

If there is no path /snap/bin in the variable just add it like this:

export PATH="/snap/bin/:$PATH"
export PATH="/usr/bin/snap:$PATH"

Now, i hope, you can run conjure-up without errors.


I am not able to login in lamp server after installation is completed properly

Try falling back to using your /etc/mysql/debian.cnf file to access your database subsystem.

Try this command...

mysql --defaults-extra-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf -e "SHOW DATABASES"

If this command fails, then you'll have to reset your database root password, using...

sudo dpkg-reconfigure mysql-server-$your-install-version

If the above command works, then somehow your phpMyAdmin password has been munged. To reset your phpMyAdmin password, try...

sudo dpkg-reconfigure phpmyadmin

If all else fails, you can just destroy all database packages, via...

sudo apt-get purge $packages

Then start again. Although, purging all packages is usually overkill.


How can I get html code from the web with vala(gtk)?

Use the Vala GIO File open shown here http://live.gnome.org/Vala/GIOSamples

var web_page = File.new_for_uri ("http://live.gnome.org/Vala");

This is the standard method of grabbing files and web pages and you can use the uri syntax for a number of supported protocols such as ssh, ftp, etc.


Proxy authentication with terminal Ubuntu 14.04

Test this:

sudo su -
apt-get update
apt-get install ntlmaps

Configure it: domain, username, password, proxyserver.net, port

Files:
/etc/bash.bashrc

export http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:5865
export https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:5865
export ftp_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:5865

/etc/environment

http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:5865
https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:5865
ftp_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:5865

/etc/apt/apt.conf (create the file if it does not exist)

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://127.0.0.1:5865";
Acquire::https::Proxy "http://127.0.0.1:5865";
Acquire::ftp::Proxy "http://127.0.0.1:5865";


Ubuntu 12.10 64bit is not shown on win7 pc in boot menu.

Why don't you use Ubuntus own bootloader: grub/grub2? They are far more convenient to use with multiple systems. Instructions on how to install one of these on a running system you may find here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Installing#Fixing_a_Broken_System


There's Eclipse available from the repository. You can install it with:

$ sudo apt install eclipse

Or by the GUI Search of the Ubuntu Software center.  A search of the word "IDE" will bring up a significant number.  You could also specify eclipse as the search criterion.

Eclipse will most likely have more of the familiar functionality and features you've used in Netbeans.  It is a very powerful IDE and has support plugins for most of the popular programming languages.

The current version is available from the developers at: https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/


Ubuntu 14.04 - no Unity, no Launcher, no Dash

The fix that worked for me right away was:

Start your machine and log in. Then change to tty1 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 and log in on tty1. Then enter
sudo rm -rf ~/.config

Then restart your computer by entering sudo reboot.

Additional information: sudo rm -rf ~/.config deletes and thus resets your display settings and your audio settings, e.g. remove icons from your launch bar that are not default icons or unmute system sounds if you muted them beforehand. However, your installed software etc. remains untouched and unchanged. Check itsfoss.com for more information

The often recommended fixes did NOT work for me (source):

Suggested fix 1:

Change to tty1 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 and log in.

export DISPLAY=:0
dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
setsid unity

Suggested fix 2:

Change to tty1 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 and log in.

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
export DISPLAY=:0
ccsm &

Press Ctrl+Alt+F7 (or Ctrl+Alt+F8 sometimes) to get back to the graphical display where there should be a CompizConfig Settings Manager screen sitting there. Find the plugin 'Ubuntu Unity Plugin' and enable it.

I hope this makes is easier to find a possible fix for those who are experiencing the same issue as I had.

Best,
J


After uninstalling Ubuntu cannot boot into Windows because of Grub

You have to create a Windows DVD with those .iso files you have. On Startup of your PC you should be able to get to the boot menu where you can select the DVD drive to load and install Windows again.


What file is the setxkbmap option -rules meant to take, and how can I add keyboard variants to that file?

XKB's system keyboard configuration database is stored in /usr/share/X11/xkb.  XKB layouts are defined in a RMLVO model: Rules, Model, Layout, Variant, Options.  The main rules file in use these days is actually evdev; you can see this with setxkbmap:

$ setxkbmap -query -verbose 10
...
Trying to load rules file /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev...
Success.
Applied rules from evdev:
rules:      evdev
model:      pc105
layout:     us
variant:    altgr-intl
options:    caps:hyper,compose:menu
Trying to build keymap using the following components:
keycodes:   evdev+aliases(qwerty)
types:      complete
compat:     complete
symbols:    pc+us(altgr-intl)+inet(evdev)+capslock(hyper)+compose(menu)
geometry:   pc(pc105)

Each of the components mentioned in the last few lines above is a subdirectory of the system database in /usr/share/X11/xkb, and the values shown are filenames in that subdirectory (separated by +) that will be consulted to build this particular keymap.  Parentheses mark a particular clause in the specified file (usually variants and options).

XKB tools (setxkbmap, xkbcomp, etc) can take an argument to search another location for the files, but this custom location must be in the same format as the system database.  Here's what the system database looks like.  See the README in each directory for details, and

/usr/share/X11/xkb/
├── compat       # ??? dark magic here, avoid
├── geometry     # as in physical, eg for generating layout maps
├── keycodes     # helpful for translating keycodes (from xev) to <FOO>
├── rules        # "evdev" is the important one; *.lst & *.xml are descriptions
├── symbols      # main layouts, variants, optional overrides
└── types        # ??? dark magic here, avoid

If you want to override these files or provide your own layouts, without merging them into the system database, what you'll do is create a similar directory structure for your own files.  You probably won't need to do anything with geometry or keycodes unless you're building your own keyboards from scratch.

For a per-user configuration, $HOME/.xkb/ or $HOME/.config/xkb/ are ideal:

$HOME/.config/xkb/
...
├── rules
│   ├── evdev-local
│   ├── evdev-local.lst
│   └── evdev-local.xml
├── symbols
│   ├── my-fun-capslock-options
│   ├── my-US-Dvorak-layout
│   └── my-ZWERTY-layout
...

Once your directory structure is in place, you can load your customizations with the -I /path/to/local/xkb parameter:

setxkbmap -I $HOME/.config/xkb \
  -rules evdev-local           \
  -layout my-ZWERTY-layout     \
  -option myZWERTY:option1,compose:menu,fun:caps_is_insert

You can mix and match local options like fun:caps_is_insert with system options like compose:menu as long as the specified rules file defines both of them.  (Symbol files can include other symbol files but I haven't found an include syntax for rules files.  You'll probably have to copy the entire system evdev rules to your local version and add your modifications.)

Using custom locations may not be usable with other XKB configuration systems like localectl, GNOME's settings daemon, or Wayland compositors that aren't configurable with setxkbmap.

Resources:

http://madduck.net/docs/extending-xkb/
http://apps.jcns.fz-juelich.de/doku/sc/xkbmap
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Keyboard_configuration_in_Xorg
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/66624/where-is-xkb-getting-its-configuration
Permanently set keyboard layout options with setxkbmap in gnome/unity


Anthy how to find out what to type for a specific kana?

I do not know exactly what to type BUT you can find out especially for those using Greek as system language via folowing theese steps (for those using English one the images are pretty much self-explanatory anthy settings are in English as well):

Go to input method settings:

On the window opened Select "Anthy" and click on the icon shown in the image bellow:

On the anthy settings window select "Typing Method":

Then select the button next to Πίνακας Πλήκτρων Ρομάτζι (for English System Language users look at the image):

Afterwards you can search got your kana you need to type and look the correct english keyboard combination as the following image shows:


Cannot use CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG: -fstack-protector-strong not supported by compiler

You are using an old version of the compiler that does not support CC_STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG. Rather than editing the makefile itself, the proper way would have been to execute:

scripts/config --disable CC_STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG

as the first step.


Ubuntu wont start up after uninstalling packages with synaptic

The xserver package and ubuntu-desktop is metapackages and you can install theme again by giving :

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop xserver

To do the above your computer should be connected on a internet network (LAN).
But even if you can not fix your problem your files are OK. You can have access to them by using a live CD/USB of Ubuntu and copying them to an externel disk. Then you can make a clean install safely.


Ubuntu 18.04 immediately logs out with a specific user

I tried to uninstall the indicator-multiload and now everything is working fine. Hope this can help someone else.


How to get sound through HDMI with AMD APU and on-board HDMI

As far as I know, the proprietary drivers from AMD are required if you want to enable HDMI audio through your graphics card. I recently set up a new system with an AMD APU and a small HDTV as the monitor, and installing fglrx got the audio working right away. I don't know of a way of enabling it without that driver.


Get rid of white highlight in Dolphin with mouse over

The solution posted at when I select a file in dolphin the name disappears worked for me.

It is:

Please change (with root-priviliges) a line in the following file:

  /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc

from

  selected_fg_color:#ffffff

to

  selected_fg_color:#000000

(it is on the first line of this file)

I used this setting but haven't tested it extensively in other apps:

gtk-color-scheme = "base_color:#ffffff\nfg_color:#4c4c4c\ntooltip_fg_color:#ffffff\nselected_bg_color:#80f080\nselected_fg_color:#a00000\ntext_color:#3C3C3C\nbg_color:#F2F1F0\ntooltip_bg_color:#000000\nlink_color:#DD4814"


Yeah, it will work. ath9k supports WPA and WPA PSK2.


Failed to install Scikit-learn in Ubuntu 16.04

This error may be because you are behind a proxy. Try to connect to a network without proxy (e.g. your home), unset proxy environment variables:

unset http_proxy, unset http_proxy, unset HTTP_PROXY, unset HTTPS_PROXY

Then run your command again.

pip install -U scikit-learn


Installing kubuntu-desktop failed for unmet dependencies

It seems you was upgrading kubuntu, but then somehow lost connection in the middle of process.

The plausible fix is to reinstalling kubuntu-desktop package, although the command you run is right. Have you tried manually installing the missing packages that listed on it is not going to be installed?

sudo apt-get install kde-workspace plasma-desktop plasma-netbook software-properties-kde kadressbook apturl-kde apport-kde akregator kde-telepathy kdepim-kresources kdepim-runtime kmail knotes kontact korganizer muon-discover muon-notifier plasma-runner-telepathy-contact plasma-widgets-addons usb-creator-kde


Ubuntu not booting on Asus Zenbook UX431FA

On this exact model laptop I had this issue and it turned out to be a problem with the display panel's firmware reporting EDID information that was not recognized by the drm. The history of the solution is laid out here: launchpad link

The solution is to download a valid EDID file that the OS understands. I got 1920x1080.bin from edid generator github. You then must place that file in /lib/firmware/edid/ and boot with the kernel option drm.edid_firmware=edid/1920x1080.bin . For testing you can manually input that kernel option, and then if it works you can change it persistently in grub config.

There are some reports that it is still difficult to display on both internal and external monitors simultaneously, but there is also a proposed solution that I have not tried.


is it possible to create symbolic links on exfat filesystem?

No (copied from Superuser.com)

Soft links:

NTFS Yes
exFAT No
UDF Yes
FAT32 No

Reference: File System Functionality Comparison


How to replace the Ubuntu Font with other fonts for general text display?

For Mac OS X font...you have to download it at http://gnome-look.org/. As for other default fonts, you can find them in Appearances > Font.


How to add Shutdown button to LXPanel and make it work?

I created a file that works.

Used the line Exec=/usr/bin/lxsession-logout.

Called the file Shutdown-lubuntu.desktop with these lines:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=ShutdownLubuntu
Comment=Shutdown or Reboot
Icon=system-shutdown-panel
Exec=/usr/bin/lxsession-logout
Categories=GTK;System;Settings;
Type=Application

and put it in usr/share/applications.
This made it appear in main menu under System Tools and could be added in lxpanel in an application launch bar.


To my knowledge, libc6 2.29 is the latest version. And it is available for Ubuntu 19.04 (link).

If you want to install libc6 amd64, open this link to download it, then open the download folder in the terminal and run sudo dpkg -i libc6_2.29-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb

If you want to install libc6 i386, you can download it from this link, then open the download folder in the terminal and run sudo dpkg -i libc6_2.29-0ubuntu2_i386.deb

EDIT 06/01/2020:
As per now, libc6_2.29 does not exist anymore. However libc6_2.30 and lib6_2.31 are available via this link (2.31 is the official version for Ubuntu 20.04).
If you want to download a different version than the official one supported by your Ubuntu release (i.e 2.27 for 18.04, 2.30 for Ubuntu 19.10 ...), check this link
Download the version that suits you, then open the download folder and run sudo dpkg -i <the_file_name>.


How to add Rhythmbox controls to the sound menu?

As jnv stated there should be rhythmbox-plugins package installed and MPRIS D-Bus interface plugin enabled in rhythmbox.


I deleted var folder accidentally in my ubuntu 12.04. please help me to get back my home folder

These are detailed steps for performing the first suggestion provided by Pilot6 in the comment section of your question.

Boot from a LiveUSB or LiveDVD

You will need the type of media you used to install Ubuntu the first time.  Find this USB or DVD disk and boot to it.  Once the system has booted choose the option that says Try Ubuntu.

Mount the partition where Ubuntu is installed.

You can find where Ubuntu is installed by running the Gnome Disk Utility.  Type disks in the Ubuntu launch button and click on the app.

Now look for your installation partition by clicking on one of the items on the left.  Your installation will be on the /dev/sda drive by default.  So select the one that has /dev/sda in the title bar of the application's window.

Now look at the descriptions under the Volumes section.  Find the one that has Ext4 in the descript.  That will be your installation partition.

Run these commands, one by one, to mount and copy the /var directory from your Live Session to your system.

Open a Terminal by typing terminal in the Ubuntu Launch button.  Click on the Terminal app.

Perform these steps in the black screen (the terminal).

1) $ sudo mount /dev/sda# /mnt
   (Replace the # with the number where you have identified as the Ext4 partition
   of your /dev/sda drive)
2) $ mkdir /mnt/var
3) $ sudo cp /var/* /mnt/var/
4) $ sudo umount /mnt

Now close the running apps and reboot.  The system will prompt you to eject the live media.


Getting WebGL to run on an Amazon EC2 server

Running OpenGL applications inside a virtual machine is very likely not going to perform well. First of all, you cannot use hardware acceleration but have to fall back to a software renderer. This is what the first error message tells you:

libGL error: failed to load driver: swrast

Installing the Nvidia driver does not help as there is no Nvidia card available - hence the second error message. Using a software renderer is possible, but it will be very slow.

So the answer is: Yes, it might be possible to do what you want but unless there is dedicated hardware that plays nicely with VNC on the virtual host this will not be a nice experience.


The regular desktop is on tty7 but when i startx it goes on tty8

Yes your GUI is on TTY7, if you give the command startx Ubuntu starts a new graphics session, on the next available TTY, and thats TTY8, unfortunately some of the hardware (sound device) are already in use on TTY7, and the sounddevice is may not be avaliable in TTY8. Your browsers will try to continue - opening new tabs!!
To get back to your TTY7 (the GUI) type: chvt 7 and press enter, or use [Ctrl] [Alt] [F7].
If you really wants to start another Gui-session, you need to logon with another acount in TTY1 (or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), Linux Ubuntu have 6 main TTY terminals.
All your local settings are in your Home-folder, by giving an orher login name, the other Home-folders settings are used, hence no conflicts.


Why can't I install Ubuntu to dual-boot on the HP Pavilion DM1 laptop?

This laptop (see link in initial post) is delivered with 4 partitions on the drive.

One cannot create more than 4 partitions on a drive. Hence, choosing the automatic 'Install Alongside Windows' option, when attempting to install, causes the system to shut down. Manually partitioning the hard drive is also not an option.

Hence, I had to delete one of the partitions on the drive - I choose the 'HP Tools' partition. I did this step in Windows 7. Then, I simply proceeded according to this tutorial, which includes relevant screenshots.

http://www.linuxbsdos.com/2012/05/17/how-to-dual-boot-ubuntu-12-04-and-windows-7/


How can I load XML data into a MySQL database?

You have a mistake on the first line

LOAD XML LOCAL FILE '/home/ryan/tech.xml'

It is not just FILE it is INFILE

LOAD XML LOCAL INFILE '/home/ryan/tech.xml'

Read more: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/load-xml.html

All commands or queries are same in windows and linux.


How do I get the GRUB menu to show when starting my dual-boot system?

I tried using sudo update-grub and sudo os-prober but I had no luck.

So this is what I have done.

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub and placed a comment # in front of the line GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0.

Then I updated my grub so that I don't have to press Left shift for the grub to appear using sudo update-grub .

After updating the grub I opened grub.cfg using sudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg command.

And added

menuentry "Windows Vista" {

set root='(hd0,1)'

chainloader +1

}

between ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### and ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

And don't forget to save the file.

I am marking this answer as Community wiki in case someone wants to add or modify this post.

Edit to update:

Meanwhile (2013) we have a GUI tool to repair/reinstall grub: Boot Repair.

To use it, do one of the following:

Create a live CD/USB of Ubuntu Secure Remix, which is an Ubuntu live with supplementary rescue tools, boot from that and use Boot Repair.
If you already have a regular Ubuntu live iso, create live usb  with UNetbootin, live boot from that and install Boot Repair

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get
  update

  sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair &

(But apt-get update on a live USB might involve updates that take some time - and are also useless if the live usb is not persistent - so I recommend the first solution.)

Using Boot Repair to fix/reinstall GRUB is simple, just choose default/recommended repair option; more details here.


what is invalid url 'apt://arc-theme/'given, exiting

First, make sure you're using a browser which is well integrated. That is, installed via package manager.

Secondly, make sure your system has apturl package. If it doesn't, install it with this command

sudo apt install apturl

That that, the link should work and prompt you with installation of the package.


USB Device first mounted as root, then by user

I had this problem too and search high and low for the solution - and finally found it.  All I had to do was uninstall package usbmount.

Unplug your kindle first.  Then open terminal and enter

$ sudo apt-get remove usbmount

When prompted, enter your password.  The system will do its things and prompt you whether you really want to remove the package.  Answer Y (for 'yes').  Let it finish.

Now plug your kindle back in - worked like a charm for me.


Converting scanned documents into "Word" documents?

Tesseract is one option that worked great for me!

I used it as follows:

Install it, if you don't have it with:

 sudo apt-get install tesseract-ocr

Then:

Convert the .JPG scanned file to .tif (this is the format Tesseract
requires). This is done with ImageMagick as follows:

convert foo.JPG foo.tif
Now simply let Tesseract do it's magic:

tesseract foo.tif foo (will save output to foo.txt)

I recently had to convert an old manual with multiple(36) pages to something digital. I whipped up a BASH script to do it.

Code here:

#!/bin/bash
# makeDoc.sh
# Turn a set of scanned JPG pages into a single document file.
# Requires the ImageMagick and Tesseract packages.
# Author: Fred Fury

echo "makeDoc.sh"
echo "Convert a set of scanned JPG pages into a single document file."
echo "Starting up..."
for i in {01..36}
do
    echo "converting $i.JPG to $i.tif..."
    bash -c "convert $i.JPG $i.tif"     # Convert the file to tesseract usable format
    bash -c "tesseract $i.tif $i &>-"   # Convert the tif to txt
done
echo "Merging files into Output.doc"
bash -c "cat *.txt > Output.doc"        # Merge all the generated txt files into a single file
echo "Done."

Also check out this page for some other solutions:
What's the best, simplest OCR solution?
This is where I found tesseract.

Hope that helps!


I found out that /dev/disk/by-path contains symlinks to the sdX files, which contain the PCI/USB controller ID and port... not exactly the output I wanted, but I can use it to get the association sdX=>portID.


16.04 ; power off discrete graphics (ATI/AMD)

Following Neni's answer, I had kernel panic after sleep. I solved my problem by adding radeon.modeset=0 amdgpu.runpm=0 acpi_backlight=intel_backlight to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT

To edit file :

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Find line :

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

And replace with :

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash radeon.modeset=0 amdgpu.runpm=0 acpi_backlight=intel_backlight"

To regenerate config :

sudo update-grub

Reboot :

sudo reboot

What those options do :

radeon.modeset=0 disables radeon driver
amdgpu.runpm=0 disables the power management from amdgpu driver
acpi_backlight=intel_backlight uses intel driver to control laptop screen backlight

Official bug report suggests as a workaround either manually install newer kernel (which you would have to manually update) or run those steps :

/etc/default/grub: Add amdgpu.runpm=0 to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT
Included above.
/etc/rc.local: Add the following command:
echo OFF > /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch
This step caused my system to freeze on shutdown so I just skipped it.
/etc/X11/xorg.conf: Create the file if it doesn't exist, and add the
following in order to get the backlight controls working (otherwise
it would be misdetected):
Section "Device"
    Identifier "Card0"
    Driver "intel"
    Option "Backlight" "intel_backlight"
EndSection

This step is replaced replaced above by acpi_backlight=intel_backlight


This is caused by a bug when using dual monitors. As far as I know the only current fix is to unplug a monitor. You may be able to get it working by editing the General options in ccsm to not autodetect outputs and instead manually specify your monitors' sizes and positions.


Ubuntu One setup interrupted on Windows 7

In Windows 7 the credentials can be remove from the Credentials Manager (in the control panel). Go there and check if there are any Ubuntu One creds, if they are, delete them. That should fix the issue.


I found the following works.
sudo apt install iwd

and create a new file called /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/iwd.conf and add the following:
[device]
wifi.backend=iwd

Then disable wpa supplicant:
sudo systemctl mask wpa_supplicant
sudo reboot

Thanks to the ever-useful Arch wiki.
Update:
Ubuntu are now testing iwd for their 20.10 release.


Remove all cookies except for app/pinned tabs

To see what cookies a particular site sets, the View Cookies Firefox Add-On can help. That or just open the sites you want to pin one at a time to see which cookies get set. Then pin them all and set your cookie policies.  From there, you can go back to manually whitelisting or use the Cookies Manager Plus Add-On to do it for you. For example, I've used these in the past to identify and whitelist the Google two-factor authentication cookie that remembers you for 30 days, while still deleting all other cookies when I close Firefox.


How can I make non-kde/non-qt application started with root privileges look integrated into my KDE desktop?

Perhaps try copying:

~/.kde/share/config/gtkrc
~/.kde/share/config/gtkrc-2.0
~/.kde/share/config/colors/
~/.kde/share/config/kwinrc

to /root/.kde/share/config/.


How should I install cups-pdf from source?

Ok. I presume there is a package ready for you that doesn't need to get build just running:

sudo apt-get install cups-pdf

The version of the package is 2.6.1. The same you are trying to build! If you still want to continue, lets check the instructions:

  Edit src/cups-pdf.h if you do not like /etc/cups as location for your
     configuration files.

This probably is ok.

  To compile CUPS-PDF, invoke gcc in the src/ directory:

  gcc -O9 -s -lcups -o cups-pdf cups-pdf.c

  Note: you will have to have the deveopment package for CUPS installed
           in order to build CUPS-PDF

You are not doing this correctly. You first need to install the CUPS development libraries:

sudo apt-get install libcups2-dev

Then compile it with the command above:

gcc -O9 -s -lcups -o cups-pdf cups-pdf.c
cups-pdf.c: In function ‘read_config_ppd’:
cups-pdf.c:289:3: warning: ‘ppdFirstOption’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/cups/ppd.h:431) [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
   option = ppdFirstOption(ppd_file);
   ^
cups-pdf.c:292:5: warning: ‘ppdNextOption’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/cups/ppd.h:433) [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
     option = ppdNextOption(ppd_file);
     ^

Those are build warnings, you can ignore them.

To install the binary, simply copy cups-pdf to the backend directory
   of CUPS (usually /usr/lib/cups/backend or /usr/lib64/...).

If you have a 64-bit system, the correct is /usr/lib64, if you have 32-bits the correct is /usr/lib.

  Now copy extra/cups-pdf.conf to /etc/cups (or whatever location you
     selected in cups-pdf.h above). Here you can set all properties of
     CUPS-PDF at runtime without the need for restarting any services.
     (The defaults should work fine on most systems.)

This is OK.

  If you want to use the color PostScript driver that comes with
     CUPS-PDF go to the extra/ subdirectory and copy CUPS-PDF_opt.ppd to
     your CUPS model directory (usually /usr/share/cups/model [ /Generic ] ).
     If you do not want to set any options via PPD (see section 3), use
     CUPS-PDF_noopt.ppd instead.

Ok too. Now, I cheated and installed the package instead and it worked. If it's not working for you it must be due Ubuntu/Debian patchs. Apply those patches and try again.


Vagrant uses pre-installed images ("boxes") of a variety of operating systems that are then only just cloned to the user system:

  Instead of building a virtual machine from scratch, which would be a slow and tedious process, Vagrant uses a base image to quickly clone a virtual machine. These base images are known as "boxes" in Vagrant, and specifying the box to use for your Vagrant environment is always the first step after creating a new Vagrantfile.Vagrant

One disadvantage of this approach is that these images will be somehow preconfigured. In case you need to start from scratch or have your own special requirements it may be safer to use a vanilla installation instead. On a fast disk drive this should not take longer than 10 minutes. You could then also create your own clones.


Should I make executable text file or a .desktop one?

For using by command-line:

You can make executable file (let by command gedit myfp)as follows:

#!/bin/bash
[Your commands Here]

Give it execution permission by chmod +x myfp and put this file in location: /usr/local/bin
Now you can easily execute [Your commands Here] by running command mypf in Terminal.

For using by GUI (as a Launcher):

You can create a desktop file (let by command gedit mypf.desktop) as follows:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=My Firefox
Comment=My Profile
Exec=[your command here]
Type=Application
Icon=[path/to/icon-file]

where [Desktop Entry] remains constant and [your command here] is may be firefox -p or directly mypf if available. [path/to/icon-file] is path to icon file.
Give it execution permission by chmod +x mypf.desktop and put in location /usr/share/applications.
You can also create symbolic link to your desktop by ln -s /usr/share/applications/mypf.desktop  ~/Desktop and launch from Desktop easily.

Additional Info: It can be run at startup by putting Desktop file in $HOME/.config/autostart.

Which method/way should you make? is depends upon How it will be executed and For what purpose?

Also visit following community helps:

Launcher & Desktop-File
Bash Scripting

Hope this helps you to create executable file for using by command-line script and/or  desktop file for using by GUI as a launcher.


install Ubuntu12.04 with ISO file using grub in usb disk

grub4dos
This used to work for grub4dos (e.g. hiren's boot cd):
title Ubuntu server 12.04.1 (GNOME 64-bit)
find --set-root /ubuntu-12.04.1-server-amd64.iso
map /ubuntu-12.04.1-server-amd64.iso (0xff)
map --hook
root (0xff)
kernel /install/vmlinuz  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed quiet --
initrd /install/initrd.gz

Note that this method is not for grub2. Kernel line has been found in the .iso archive (boot/grub/grub.cfg)
grub2
Follow the instructions from here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot
liveusb
An alternative solution: You may easily create a live ubuntu usb using the programs:

Startup disk creator (included in ubuntu desktop)
LiLi (windows only): http://www.linuxliveusb.com/
Universal usb installer (windows and linux): http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows


I got an update a couple of hours back that solved this issue. Everything is working now!! Tap to click, natural scrolling and so on. Loving ubuntu <3!

Probably the latest kernel that solves everything!
The transition was kernel 4.4.0-38 from 4.4.0-36.


Ubuntu 13.04 returns to login screen when logging in & update problems

There is error in URL in your /etc/apt/sources.list:

Run sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list,
Find text

http://us.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updatea/main

And replace it with

http://us.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates/main
Run

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get upgrade


Cannot install build essential from the CD?

You cannot install build-essential from the LiveCD disc because it is not on the disc - very few packages/programs are on the disc other than the default desktop (due to limited space on the CD)

If you can't connect to the interest you may like to have a look at How can I install software offline?


MySQL breaks after upgrade from Ubuntu 14.04LTS to Ubuntu 15.04

Check the logs while starting mysql:

In one terminal: tail -f /var/log/mysql/error.log
In another one: sudo service mysql start (maybe you first need to stop the service with sudo service mysql stop).
If there are errors, you need to fix them.

In my case I had following errors:

  [ERROR] mysqld: unknown variable 'table_cache=256'
  [ERROR] Aborting

Due to the mysql issue: table_cache renamed table_open_cache the server didn't start.

Renaming this variable in my settings (/etc/mysql/conf.d/my_custom.cnf) fixed my problem and mysql started as used.

Finally I updated mysql by calling sudo mysql_upgrade -u root -p


How to freeup space in external hardrive

Use Nautilus' option of seeing hidden files.  Look for a file named .Trash under the root account of the OS installation and delete that one.  Also look for the .Trash folder under the UID account that you used when you where working with the drive.

You can check your effective UID with the command: echo $UID.  Then look at the /etc/passwd file for the UID on the Mint drive... the drive that you are trying to recover the space to.


Is it possible to install old version of NoMachine?

You have a different problem. According to the nomachine website:

  Compatibility between client/server versions 5 or 4 and v. 6 is fully preserved.

A host with version 4, 5 or 6 should be able to interact with a server version 6.

If the owners of nomachine do not provide the old versions: no.

From their website it looks like you can only install their latest version. And I assume the installation of nomachine from Ubuntu is also done by adding their PPA and not through the Ubuntu repositories.

If that is the case there is not even a way back: re-installing Ubuntu for instance will then install the lastest nomachine version.

All in all if it is indeed compatibility: you need to upgrade the host.

Possible trick: use wget to pull their website and check if there are old DEBs on their system. I have not been able to find nomachine_6.0.66_2_amd64.deb (yet) though. If someone can find that it might be possible to download a  nomachine_5.7.*_*_amd64.deb and install that using dpkg.


Making an xorg.conf file results in a login loop for non-Wayland logins

I believe that I've solved it. All that was required was to paste the relevant parts in to the already existing '70-synaptics.conf' file found in the  /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d folder. As for what I mean by "the relevant parts", it seems that I only had to delete the 'Parameter settings:' line from this code however in practice I only pasted:

Option "TapButton1" "1"
Option "TapButton2" "0"
Option "TapButton3" "0"
Option "ClickFinger1" "1"
Option "ClickFinger2" "0"
Option "ClickFinger3" "0"

So the relevant section of my '70-synaptics.conf' file now looks like this:

Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "touchpad ignore duplicates"
    MatchIsTouchpad "on"
    MatchOS "Linux"
    MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/mouse*"
    Option "Ignore" "on"
    Option "TapButton1" "1"
    Option "TapButton2" "0"
    Option "TapButton3" "0"
    Option "ClickFinger1" "1"
    Option "ClickFinger2" "0"
    Option "ClickFinger3" "0"
EndSection


How can I create a partition without the usage of Live CD nor USB?

The fast answer is NO, you can't.

This has been discussed in the past, in questions like: Why I'm seeing a lock besides the partition I'm trying to modify with gparted? of which the answers provides enough information. I strongly suggest you to read it, and if you are experiencing any issues with booting a live CD/USB perform a search on this site. If the answers to previous questions doesn't fit your needs, open a new question explaining what are your live session's issues in order to obtain the proper support.

Good luck!


unfortunately I believe you are correct.  Not sure what games you have that you are trying to download.  So depending on what you are doing, there are quite a few solutions.
If you are trying to play an HTML5 game, I'd suggest using Firefox, or for another easy solution you can use Chrome and the webapps store
https://support.google.com/chrome_webstore/answer/1053369?hl=en
Though most of those apps should work just fine in most other browsers (Firefox, Opera, Midori, Rekonq, etc...) I have tried some in Firefox, and can confirm they work well.

Now, if you are trying to download windows games, or android games, or iphone games, etc... they are specific to that platform (unless they are Java based).

So in a nutshell, Amazon's downloaders are not supported (including the instant video one) at the PRESENT time.  This may change, as the desktop and mobile climates are becoming more friendly to Linux and GNU (I separate the two because of Android being Linux, but not generally GNU)


How do I configure multiple VPN auto-connections?

The config file contains a field called secondaries, which supports multiple interfaces. The GUI just does not have that option or capability yet. However, this can still be manually configured in the config file. Open a terminal, and drop into a root shell. Note that this guide assumes that you already have one of your VPN autoconnect configs set up from the GUI.

cd to /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections.
Run ls and find the VPN interface you want to add as another autoconnect.
Get the VPN for that interface using the following command:

cat MyOtherVPN | grep uuid | cut -d "=" -f 2

Open the network interface you want to trigger both VPNs:

nano MyWirelessNetwork

Find the secondaries line, and add the UUID from step 4 to the end of the line. Add a semicolon after the pasted UUID. It should look something like this:

secondaries=f7fc14a5-a123-4054-b4ef-312d23148c59;83079486-6f69-40ec-83e6-52aaa16a3a43;

Save the file, and restart the NetworkManager service with the following command:

systemctl restart NetworkManager.service

Upon reconnection to the network, all the VPNs will be enabled automagically.

You can add as many secondary connections as needed, though note that they won't show up in the GUI config.


How to lock files with custom-set password?

Possible method that is not exactly what you are asking

sudo su
cd ~
mkdir tmp
cd tmp
touch file.txt
chattr -i file.txt
exit

Back on the normal prompt nobody can do anything with the file.

You need to revert the "chattr" command with

chattr +i file.txt

to have normal access. "chattr" can also be used for other permissions. The +a option will make it possible to append to a file but nothing else.

From the make page the options:

  Select the new attributes for the files: append only (a), compressed (c), no dump (d), extent format (e), immutable (i), data journalling (j), secure deletion (s), no tail-merging (t), undeletable (u), no atime updates (A), synchronous directory updates (D), synchronous updates (S), and top of directory hierarchy (T).


Progress

The command you listed

dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/hdb & pid=$!
while kill -USR1 $pid; do sleep 1; done

is a nice two-liner to get the the progress of dd on a regular basis. I use a very similar one too. Looks good. Found it here perhaps?

Blocksizes with dd: alignment and performance

You can add a block size in which the operations take place. It does not matter what the block size of the underlying block device is to get the operation done equally well, but for performance reasons you might want to pick one that suits your needs.

First of all, there's the alignment thing. In case your block device operates as 512KiB (like flash drives do), it would be very unfortunate to run dd with bs=512 (bytes) as this will cause 1024 writes (!) for each block from the device perspective. In practise it won't be this bad as writes are buffered and taken into one go, but during syncs it can still amplify the amount of writes a lot.

Then also consider the plain CPU usage overhead when dealing with a very large amount of small operations. It's just more efficient to take megabytes at once when copying over large amounts of data.

My best practice is to start with 1MB as that is a nice multiple of most set ups, including RAID stripe sizes, LVM extent sizes, etc. On my laptop with SSD I tend to see a slight improvement using 10MB as block size, whereas I don't see it anymore on my physical hard drive.

Last block

Don't worry about the drive/volume size not being a multiple of the block size. The last block dd will copy will be adjusted to match the last bit of data on it. You can see whether the last block had a different size by looking at the output.

18335302+0 records out

The +0 means that it was an exact match, a +1 means that it wasn't. No big deal.

See also

Good block size for disk cloning with diskdump (dd)


You'll need PlayOnLinux. Open terminal and type  sudo apt-get install playonlinux winbind -y and search for Amazon Kindle in the software. Select Amazon Kindle and then install.


How to reset default shortcuts for Ubuntu 15.10 (Macbook Pro Late 2013)

I followed the steps from How do I reset Unity default shortcuts? since that referenced 14.04 which was the most recent version I could find an answer to.

1) I had to install dconf-editor since that was not yet installed.

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

2) Run the dconf-editor

dconf-editor

3) Once I launched the editor as the post suggested I followed these two paths:

/org/compiz/integrated/show-hud
/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/window-screenshot

Within the editor in both of these areas I noticed that several of the items were bolded thankfully the system was showing me which ones I had changed.

Example: "Screenshot"

Once you select the name you can select the "set to default" button in the bottom right of the window.

While I would love to find a reset all option. This has worked out great and everything is back to defaults. I actually feel comfortable editing them again knowing it keeps track of the changed items.


Need Intel graphics drivers but have to use nomodeset to boot

You may have a problem with an older computer, with an older GPU. Try this...

sudo -H gedit /etc/gdm3/custom.conf # edit this file

change:

#WaylandEnable=false

to:

WaylandEnable=false

Save the file and quit gedit. Remove nomodeset. Then reboot.

Update #1:

You have additional problems.

fsck

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier

sudo fsck -f /dev/sda5

repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

crash logs

Whenever you see "System program problem detected", make sure to click either "Send Report" or "Don't Send Report", don't just close the window, or you'll see the same message over and over again.

To manually clear out the current backlog of crash reports...

sudo rm -i /var/crash/*.crash

initramfs

For the "Initramfs unpacking failed: Decoding failed" message...

sudo update-initramfs -c

bluetooth

For the "Bluetooth: hci0: unexpected event for opcode 0xfc2f" error, is this an internal bluetooth adapter, or an external USB bluetooth adapter?

Update #2:

I solved it by disabling "Load Legacy Option Rom" in the bios. Now everything works and it is detecting my graphics card.


this is simple,

you may use easyBCD on windows and set only one boot entry for windows and then you use the disk manager from windows to format the ubuntu partitions.

or, you reinstall windows and then you format the Ubuntu partitions from the disk manager in windows.


How to get date/time of the last system hibernate / suspend / resume?

You could examine your system log file /var/log/syslog for messages indicating suspend/hibernate/resume events and look at their timestamps.

For suspend and resume, check e.g. this pattern:

grep -E 'PM: suspend (entry|exit)' /var/log/syslog

Example output:

Sep  8 09:43:26 type40mark3 kernel: [150509.893804] PM: suspend entry (deep)
Sep  8 15:03:39 type40mark3 kernel: [150514.147721] PM: suspend exit
Sep  8 16:33:41 type40mark3 kernel: [155914.275076] PM: suspend entry (deep)
Sep  8 17:04:58 type40mark3 kernel: [155919.343276] PM: suspend exit

This only checks the current syslog file, but as it is subject to log rotation, older messages will be archived in numbered and compressed files like /var/log/syslog.1 and /var/log/syslog.2.gz. To check all of these at once, use zgrep instead, which can read compressed files, and sort to get them back in order by the actual timestamp date:

zgrep -hE 'PM: suspend (entry|exit)' /var/log/syslog* | sort -M

To get only the last two lines (last suspend and resume, usually), you can append | tail -n 2 to either of the above commands.

If you want only suspend or only resume, alter the filter pattern to e.g. PM: suspend entry or PM: suspend exit accordingly.

I don't have a hibernating system available right now to search for appropriate messages for that event, but I expect something similar. Try searching e.g. grep hiber /var/log/syslog to find a suitable pattern. When you have one, please comment and I'll gladly add it to this answer for future reference.

Pay attention to the timestamps though and compare them with the actual real times you know, because some of the "late" messages like systemd[1]: Started Suspend. can be triggered right before the system actually turns off, but will actually be logged and written to disk with the timestamp of when it turns on again.


How can I solve the (gedit:7404) error in Ubuntu 16.04?

You could try to use kate (a nice GUI editor) instead of gedit.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install kate
gksudo kate /path/file.txt

You can customize kate, and I think you will like it better than gedit.


You need to add universe repository.

Run

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt update
sudo apt install linuxdcpp

Ubuntu cosmic repositories don't contain linuxdcpp for some reason. You can try to search for a PPA if one exists.


Found the problem.
It happens that, somehow, when I installed okular through kubuntu backport, it declared okularpartrc as being a root file. I simply had to change it's ownership to current user, and it now works.
(PS: I changed some other files in that folder to current user too, so... try this if okularpartrc isn't enough)
(PS2: /home/user/.kde/share/config/)

This is the place I found a solution
http://fr.it-usenet.org/thread/14140/13297/


Is it safe to use standard input & output with binary data?

Yes it's safe if you pipe it to another process or save it to a file. There is potential "weirdness" if you let binary stdout print to a terminal since it can contain escape sequences (at random) that can temporarily mess up the terminal display.


How do I use Scale for Application-only windows?


How do find out device by id shown by lsusb?

I suggest that you Google the usb.id. The list of supported devices is shown here: https://launchpad.net/~fingerprint/+archive/ubuntu/fingerprint-gui When I search for the first listed usb.id, 045e:00bb , I find this site: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/fprint/libfprint/Supported_devices/

It lists Vendor ID of 045e and Device ID 00bb as a Microsoft Keyboard with Fingerprint Reader.

Not every supported device is listed there; for example, 138a:0011. A Google search finds this: Driver for VFS5011 Fingerprint Reader on Dell Vostro 3550 and this: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dell_Vostro_3360#Fingerprint_Reader We conclude, then, that the usb.id in question is associated with Dell Vostro 3550 and 3360 and, presumably, other similar Dells.


Cannot get 3D OpenGL support in Vmware guests, how can I fix this?

Probably bubmp, this worked to me on debian 8:
How to fix 3D Acceleration for Vmware Workstation 9?

About mesa part: I installed:
apt-get install mesa-utils

Then I've checked OpenGL support in xserver.

user@linux:~$ glxinfo | grep OpenGL
OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Haswell Desktop
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 10.3.2
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL core profile extensions:
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 10.3.2
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL extensions:
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.0 Mesa 10.3.2
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.0
OpenGL ES profile extensions:

Then I added: mks.gl.allowBlacklistedDrivers = "TRUE" to end of *.vmx file.
This worked for Windows 8 and Windows 7 VMs.


Why is the evolution-calendar-factory process running?

If you don't use Evolution, you could just completely remove it, there are some instructions how to here:

How do I completely remove Evolution?

Here is the command: sudo apt-get --purge remove evolution evolution-exchange evolution-plugins evolution-common evolution-webcal


You can try to use ntfsfix in order to repair the NTFS volume.  This is a 'solution' in that it can fix simple errors such as the MFT and MFTMirror not matching up, and some minor filesystem incongruities.  Note that if nftsfix doesn't fix the drive up so it's usable, you'll need to use the tried-and-true "Use a Windows system to repair NTFS" solution.

sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdXY  (where X and Y are the letter of the drive's device and Y is the partition number, you can get this data off of sudo fdisk -l but it looks to me like this should be /dev/sdc1 for your specific case) should then work.

Note that the still tried-and-true "complete" solution for fixing NTFS problems is a Windows system or a Windows boot disk (or even a Windows VM that you pass the external USB drive through to), and using chkdisk from the Windows system.


sshd: User  not allowed because shell zsh does not exist

Based on discussion in the comments, it turned out that while /etc/shells contained /bin/zsh, the user's login shell as specified in /etc/passwd was just zsh

Fixing the issue was then just a matter of changing the user's login shell to include the full path:

sudo chsh -s /bin/zsh <username>


Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS (GUI stop but no command terminal)

By default Ubuntu 16.04LTS has multiple virtual consoles (VCs) and the graphical user interface would normally run on VC7.

Try switching with Ctrl+Alt+F1 or try with one of the other function keys (F2..F6).


When scrolling in App1, then alt-tab to App2, App2 jumps its scoll point in line with App1 scroll, and vice versa

There is a workaround for this, although it can have it's own problems (I can't remember where I found this).

sudo rmmod psmouse
sudo modprobe psmouse

Try that out and see if you can live with the results. It would need to be run each time you reboot (possibly logout/in).

Alternatively there is another possible workaround: How to solve a scrolling misbehavior after doing Alt+Tab?


Ubuntu Studio Keyboard Shortcuts Audio Volume

This is a known bug with xfce4-volumed. Only workaround at this time is to open a terminal and type killall xfce4-volumed && xfce4-voumed.

Links to bug reports:

https://bugzilla.xfce.org/show_bug.cgi?id=15332

https://launchpad.net/bugs/1291855


How to solve this error: There is no perl module on CPAN named [modulename]

I'd suggest to install mod_perl2 from Ubuntu repositories:

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-perl2

If you're not happy with this, see mod_perl2 documentation - I don't see where it suggests the syntax you're using.

UPDATE: You're doing it all wrong. :) See my answer here


transfer files to local from remote machine A via remote machine B

Solved! After looking into pLumo's suggestions, I found that
sftp -o "ProxyJump userB@serverB" userA@serverA
did the trick! Thanks a lot!


@Nazmos Sakib. You can, if you are using windows 8 and that you have shutdown your system completely but still facing the same issue.., go to your power settings and ensure that "on shutdown: the machine actually shuts down" and does not hibernate instead. Then after these settings you can shut down and the power on and log into Ubuntu, and access your drive.


Perhaps re-installing Flash will fix this issue.

First, open a Terminal. Then run the commands below:

sudo apt-get purge flashplugin-installer

This command will remove Flash and the configuration files associated with it.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer

This command will update the repositories sources and install the Flash plug-in.


If it is not a hardware problem, you can Install "PulseAudio Volume Control" and use it to adjust your master volume parameters/settings.


I want to access two websites from same IP but diff ports

Add the 2nd port to listen to at /etc/apache2/ports.conf. It will have a line looking like
Listen 80

add a 2nd line to it with another portnumber (Listen 81 as an example).
Your config in sites-available has a <VirtualHost *:80 for port 80. Change that for the 2nd site to <VirtualHost *:81>. Change ServerName and DocumentRoot to the 2nd site. Also change the name of the error log so you have logs for both sites and not one combining them.
If you also need ssl: ports.conf will also have a section for that and you can duplicate that too: add a port inside the IfModule sections.
Restart apache for it to take effect.


You can keep multiple versions of Java (JRE and JDK) at a time and choose between them which one to use.

Go to following website: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javasebusiness/downloads/java-archive-downloads-javase5-419410.html

download the following file;

Java Development Kit 5.0 Update 22  47.46 MB    jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-i586.bin

In a terminal window and go to the folder where your downloaded file is kept.

type the following;

sudo mv jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-i586.bin /usr/lib/jvm
cd /usr/lib/jvm
chmod +x jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-i586.bin
./jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-i586.bin

sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" \
"/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.5.0_22/bin/java" 2

sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" \
"/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.5.0_22/bin/javac" 2

You can switch between the installed versions of Java using the command:

sudo update-alternatives --config java
sudo update-alternatives --config javac

Confirm the version of Java currently in use with these commands:

java -version
javac -version


Is there a Grammar checker for LibreOffice on Ubuntu?

Yes
sudo apt install libreoffice-lightproof-en

See:  https://packages.ubuntu.com/groovy/libreoffice-lightproof-en

Lightproof grammar checker for LibreOffice (English)

And: https://extensions.libreoffice.org/extensions/lightproof-editor
And Grammar checking program for LibreOffice


How to give hdd space to ubuntu after dual boot?

I am assuming that hdd is used by windows operating system right now(If you are adding new hdd then you can skip first step)
First we have to release the storage from windows side so that it won't harm our data from windows storage.

From windows disk management right click on the hdd partition you want to allot to Ubuntu. For that follow this link.

Second step

Create a live USB of Ubuntu with same version you are running in dual boot.
Boot from that live USB
Open Gparted and follow these steps given in the link.

If you have any questions regarding this, you can ask in comments


This really isn't recommended, as programs will store configuration files in your home directory. If a program has different versions on each OS, this can lead to bugs and data loss. It can also, as you noticed, cause problems when programs need access to files somewhere within your home directory before it's mounted.

It's better to link directories like Desktop or Documents individually and to allow directories like .config to differ.

This can be done with ln -s. For example, to share the Documents directory, you'd make sure the Documents directory was empty, open a terminal (press Ctrl+Alt+T), and run:

rmdir ~/Documents
ln -s /media/rachel/4f116c3a-9703-45d5-a1f3-0a2fa3571088/home/rachel/Documents ~/Documents


The man page says -s is a synonym for --quiet or --silent. This tells a lot. The normal output is all the output produced without any of the mentioned flags.

$ cmp badfile badfile1
cmp: badfile: No such file or directory
$ cmp -s badfile badfile1
$

Silent version of commands only set the exit code which is usually processed further in scripts. Example:

if cmp -s $file1 $file2; then
    echo "The files are identical."
    # do something
else
    echo "The files are different."
    # do something else
fi


AMD control center doesn't save preferences

Under 'Preferences' in your system menu, you should find two versions of the AMD Catalyst Control Center.  One of which should open with superuser privileges.

Alternatively, you can try running gksudo amdcccl if you are unable to find such a menu entry.

If you run into serious problems and wish to start again, or you simply would like to reset all of your configuration regarding X Server and your graphics card, try running sudo aticonfig --initial or sudo aticonfig --initial=dual-head.  Only use the latter if you have multiple graphics cards.

Remember that most changes made through AMD Catalyst Control Center will require restarting X Server, which can be done by logging out and logging back into the system or rebooting entirely.


You can open Ubuntu Software Center and search for it. There are a plenty of browsers besides those you mentioned:
Refer this Wikipedia link for List of Web Browsers for Unix and Unix-like OS to see some.
And here come two examples:
Opera
Clik here for installation Instructions at Ubuntu Community Help Wiki.

Links