How can I change the resolution of the GRUB menu?

the default look of my grub menu when the some of the content in /etc/default/grub file is

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640X480

When i edited the file and changed some of the content in /etc/default/grub like below

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
GRUB_GFXMODE=640X480

and run sudo update-grub it looks like this

when content is like this

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
GRUB_GFXMODE=960X600

It looks like this after running sudo update-grub

The value 960x600 i choose from below

pratap@i7-6550U:~$ xrandr
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1366 x 768, maximum 8192 x 8192
eDP-1 connected primary 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 194mm
   1366x768      60.00*+
   1360x768      59.80    59.96
   1280x720      60.00    59.99    59.86    59.74
   1024x768      60.04    60.00
   960x720       60.00
   928x696       60.05
   896x672       60.01
   1024x576      59.95    59.96    59.90    59.82
   960x600       59.93    60.00
   960x540       59.96    59.99    59.63    59.82
   800x600       60.00    60.32    56.25
   840x525       60.01    59.88
   864x486       59.92    59.57
   800x512       60.17
   700x525       59.98
   800x450       59.95    59.82
   640x512       60.02
   720x450       59.89
   700x450       59.96    59.88
   640x480       60.00    59.94
   720x405       59.51    58.99
   684x384       59.88    59.85
   680x384       59.80    59.96
   640x400       59.88    59.98
   576x432       60.06
   640x360       59.86    59.83    59.84    59.32
   512x384       60.00
   512x288       60.00    59.92
   480x270       59.63    59.82
   400x300       60.32    56.34
   432x243       59.92    59.57
   320x240       60.05
   360x202       59.51    59.13
   320x180       59.84    59.32
HDMI-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
pratap@i7-6550U:~$


Try
sudo umount /home/maxime/googledrive

and if it does not work (e.g. "target busy") or takes a long time (cancel with ctrl+c):
sudo umount -l /home/maxime/googledrive

-l, --lazy
Lazy unmount.  Detach the filesystem from the file hierarchy now,
and clean up all references to this filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore.
[...] The recommended use-case for umount -l is to prevent hangs on shutdown due to an unreachable network share where a normal  umount will hang due to a downed server or a network partition.

Then you can remove the directory:
rmdir /home/maxime/googledrive


How can I redirect keyboard input (stdin) to audio device?

Without more detail, I'll recommend pacat.


This is old, but in case someone else needs, removing amdgpu-pro solves this. Here is how to:

at login screen, press ctrl+alt+F3 to open terminal
use your login credentials to login(you need to write your username first)
type amdgpu-pro-uninstall
wait for the process to finish, then sudo reboot


The problem is not the date, which, as a number of seconds since the point in time designated as Jan 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT in the Roman calendar, is the same for everyone whatever the religion, but how it is formatted. This is to some extent the same problem as time zones (every one has the same "epoch seconds" count, the TZ just says how it is formatted for output).

You have to find a "locale" that supports Buddhist dates (or create one). Then you PC will be compatible with the rest of the world (can still be kept synchronized by NTP servers, can exchange files with others, etc...).

PS: As proof , these locales are defined as part of UTS#35 and indeed exist in Java for some variant of the Thai locale. For Linux, you may have to roll your own for the time being.


How do I delete a folder generated by Foremost?

i have solved it if anybody having the same problem try this

sudo -s                                             //become root
cd Desktop/recovered                               // go to directory for eg in my case recovered
chown username recovered


How can I activate burn effect on ubuntu 13.10?

The problem there is probably to do with one package he mentioned - here is a screenshot of that video, using Compiz's Annotate feature:

This compiz-fusion-plugins-extra package was last supported in the precise 12.04 release - there is no release currently for 13.10. This is the problem. So instead of the available effects list looking like this, as in the guy's video on 12.04:

It looks like this, as this is 13.10, as that package cannot be installed:

It may be some-over package, or the available version of other packages that is the problem. It probably isn't an effects problem, as there is the FirePaint plugin:

That said, you could download and install the .deb file from here. It only depends on compiz-plugins-extra.

But that is probably not a good idea, as that is for another older release of Ubuntu, for an older version of unity + compiz . Considering with the standard compiz install, and some small-ish modification, I have had to purge & reinstall compiz* twice, I don't think I'll try it.


Why after upgrading to from 12.04 to 14.04 browsers like Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome are not displaying Marathi & Hindi fonts properly?

Have you tried upgrading the font cache?

sudo fc-cache -f -v

Are the fonts displayed in Fonts settings?

A workaround might be this:

Edit or create file /etc/X11/xorg.conf with following content:

Section "Device"
  Identifier  "Configured Video Device"
  Driver  "vesa"
  Option  "UseFBDev"  "true"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
  Identifier  "Configured Monitor"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
  Identifier  "Default Screen"
  Monitor "Configured Monitor"
  Device  "Configured Video Device"
EndSection

From Ubuntu forums


GPU overheating with the open source radeon driver

This was an annoying problem with the open source drivers, since kernel 3.11 and up things have improved a lot. There are 3 different methods to handle power management:

dynpm
dpm
profiles

The profiles are static, you need to set them manually which is a hassle, dynpm is dynamic but causes flickering. Dpm is new since kernel 3.11 and I'm having pretty good results with it.

To enable it:

Open a terminal.

First you need to set a kernel parameter, this will tell your kernel it needs to enable dpm

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

there you need to add "radeon.dpm=1" to the kernel line in your grub config:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash radeon.dpm=1"

Press Ctrl-X to save, choose 'Y' to overwrite.

Now you need to generate the new grub config:

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

You can use 3 profiles for dpm:

battery
balanced
performance

Balanced is the most useful one. To enable it:

again in the terminal:

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

add the following line in this file ( above the line that says "exit 0":

echo balanced > /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_dpm_state

Save the file and reboot your pc.


I am not getting any user interface to work with on dupeguru, fslint

FSlint is in the default Ubuntu repositories for all currently supported versions of Ubuntu. To install it open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install fslint

The link for installing dupeGuru Music Edition (the more full featured version of dupeGuru) in Ubuntu 14.04 is found in the answer by Li Lo to How can I find duplicate songs?. There is also information about other alternative applications for getting rid of duplicate files in the other answers to the same question. If you are finding it difficult to choose which application to install, I recommend that you select an application for getting rid of duplicate files from the Ubuntu Software Center.

If you are having any difficulty getting the interface to work properly with any of these programs, you should check if all of your drives are mounted at startup.


Snap store not included in 20.04 live USB

sudo systemctl enable --now snapd.socket
After that use this:
sudo snap install snap-store
It is for Graphical-Navigation in Snap-repositories. So, try this:
/snap/bin/snap-store
And enjoy!


How to shift user in ubuntu using ssh keypair

No. You can't authenticate su using your keypair. But you will probably have configured sudo and you can "change to root user" using sudo -i.


What's the difference between LPR and cupswrapper drivers? How to install printer drivers?

LPR is part of the cups-client package - it provides interfaces that allow printing via command line and apparently over the network. It appears the lpr packages provides needed information and utilities, while the cupswrapper packages provide a wrapper for configuring cups (and depend on files from the LPR package being installed).

Most printers should be automatically configured when you plug in the USB as long as CUPS is installed (it looks for information on the printer, such as a PPD file, so it knows how to work with the printer), so you shouldn't need to install third party packages (see N.B.)

Otherwise, you will likely need to install BOTH packages - download the DEB files and install them, either by opening the downloaded files or using the command line - install the LPR file first:

sudo dpkg -i ~/Downloads/hl2230lpr-2.1.0-1.i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i ~/Downloads/cupswrapperHL2230-2.0.4-2.i386.deb

(where ~/Downloads/* is the path to the deb packages in the Downloads folder - you can also use gdebi instead of dpkg -i)

It is also mentioned here that using the driver info for the HL-2170W seems to work (from foomatic - you can install the foomatic packages using the package manager so you don't have to download the files from a website).

The manufacturer's instructions are available here. Similar instructions can be found here, as well as the recommendation to use a tool provided by Brother.

N.B: With some third party packages (not from the ubuntu repositories which you use with apt-get), they may not be well maintained and may use weird packaging methods - e.g. the provided packages appear to be converted using alien from a Redhat/Fedora RPM file, and do not specify dependcies such as bash, the LPR package, etc -->


Why aren't my mounted internal partitions showing in the Sidebar

How did you configure your folder permissions?
If you can show them when you are root, maybe those folders don't allow users to see them because of permissions.
Try this (as root) (you can change "tomica" to your desired user):

# chown -R tomica:tomica /media
# chmod -R 775

NOTE: Only devices mounted in /media will show up in your file explorer as normal user.


Stuck in login loop after AMD gpu pro driver install

EDIT: I manage to fix my problem by installing the px and compute packages for amdgpu-pro

From the installation folder, run:

amdgpu-pro-install --px

You will be prompted for confirmation twice -- once to uninstall, and once to install. Then reboot.

OLD (semi-)answer:

It looks like the screen is running from the Intel graphics card (i915). Does your laptop have switchable graphics ?

As a temporary fix, you can try running a window manager without a compositor -- I've found that Xmonad works fine in my setup. Though anything 3D-accellerated will not work.

I am facing a similar problem (same symptoms) on my laptop, which has Intel graphics. It seems the packages installed by amdgpu-pro are incompatible with the non-AMD drivers included in Ubuntu, looking for this is64bitelfsymbol.


Static Wireless IP - Can Only Access Internet Using IPs

Please set up DNS nameservers. I suggest the gateway and Google's DNS: 192.168.2.1 and 8.8.8.8.


umount: it seems [device] is mounted multiple times

Try running this command:

sudo umount /mnt/flashrw


Why do some GTK+ themes have transparency?

This is a feature of the murrine engine that powers some themes. You only see it on applications that have support for it, such as gnome-system-monitor, unless you add the rgba module to GTK+, which honestly I don't suggest you do unless you are willing to put up with the work required to find all the incompatible programs and add work arounds.


Since you are installing on separate SSD's, it shouldn't really matter.

However, I HIGHLY recommend disconnecting the SSD (and all other hard drives) from your motherboard that you are NOT going to currently install anything on, it will drastically decrease your chances of error.


In the laste detail that you provided to us, you say that you did install ubuntu

However 'OS not detected'

So I would suggest this to be a problem with booting with UEFI mode or Legacy mode
which you can change while booting up by pressing F2

So the last time was the correct way you installed Ubuntu.


Ubuntu [GRUB]doesn't show up in advanced boot options

Access somehow your linux partition ex. LiveCD

A. Enter grub folder

/boot/grub

B. Edit grub file

sudo gedit menu.lst

C. Add

title    Ubuntu
root     (hd0,0)
kernel   /boot/vmlinuz-2...
initrd   /boot/initrd.img...
quiet

[In that case from (hd 0,0) means 1st disk 1st partition, conseqently (hd 1,0) would be 2nd disk, 1st partition and so on]

D. Save file and restart PC

OR

Use grub customizer with GUI

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

Hope it would help :)


Will I get desktop Ubuntu after connecting Samsung Galaxy Nexus to TV via HDMI?

At the moment you get the same video output via HDMI as you have on the phone's screen. It's nice for watching movies but this is the only useful use case right now. Hopefully the docking mode will be implemented soon.


Ubuntu 14.04 WebBrowser.app does not see flash

webbrowser-app does not currently support flash. As far as webm (html5), support is limited to vp8 & vp9

Open this link in webbrowser-app to see current support -

http://html5test.com/

Here's an example of a YouTube video it will play


Unfortunately I cannot post this as a comment so bear with me. What is the output of

iwconfig

Check for a field called "Power Management:"

If it is on, then it may be that linux may using less power for your Wifi to save energy. If this works, then you need to make this permanent by editing power configuration settings.


I'm the creator of that font.

Sorry, there is not way to see SVGinOT (SVG-in-OpenType) color fonts in anything other than Gecko-based applications such as Firefox and Thunderbird right now. I made these fonts to solve the "chicken or the egg" problem: there were no color fonts and so no reason to support them. Now there are color fonts... Next steps: Probably a feature request on Launchpad?


How to Automate Rsync for a Local Backup?

Crontab entry #2 = hours.

  Entry: Hour when the process will be started [0-23]

1200 is not valid

10 minutes past 12 midday every friday would be either of ...

10 12 * * 5
10 12 * * Fri


Problem with Python3 picking Python2 package

In my ~/.profile file, probably following some online suggestion, I had this line:

export PYTHONPATH=$HOME/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages:$PYTHONPATH

so PYTHONPATH env was pointing to folder where I build local Python packages (from source)

Removing above line from ~/.profile (which BTW could have been declared in ~/.bashrc also) resolves this issue and works perfectly. Even more exporting PYTHONPATH is unnecessary, as I found out soon

Hope it helps someone


ASUS VivoMini UN65U: can't get audio from analog jack

I had the same issue, and it was fixed by installing the rhythmbox and amarok packages, which seem to have the drivers bundled for device audio to stay on for good.

Try running:

sudo apt install rhythmbox amarok

Referencing this thread.


Shutdown on pressing "SUPER + L", instead of Lock Screen

Not sure about SUPER+L but you can try it. In my case it's works with another custom Shortcut:

Go to Settings (Type settings in app menu search box)
Go to in Settings -> Device -> Keyboard (or type keyboard in settings search)
Scroll down all Keyboard Shortcuts and click "+" (add)
In the new modal window in Name field type for example - Shutdown, In field Command type shutdown -h now, click Set Shortcut... and type SUPER+L or another Shortcut.

Done.


Change niceness (priority) of a running process

Terminal
If you're at a terminal you can use renice
renice [-n] priority [[-p] pid ...] [[-g] pgrp ...] [[-u] user ...]

A simple example would be
renice 8 31043
31043: old priority 5, new priority 8

You can also pass it hard flags, but it follows that order (you have to pass priority first and then the pid - if you change the order it will show the usage messagge)
renice -n 5 -p 31043
31043: old priority 8, new priority 5

Priorities work on a scale of -20 to 19 - The lower the number, the higher it's priority on the system.
If you own the process then you won't need root - however, if the process is owned by another user or if you plan on changing the group/user of the process root (via sudo) will be required.


What I ended up doing, instead of exporting the CIFS as NFS was the following:

As root, open Nautilus
Navigate to the folder where the cifs is mounted
Right click the folder
Click "Sharing Options"
Check off "Share this folder"
Check off "Allow others to create and delete files in this folder"
Check off "Guest Access"
Click Ok.


Chrome fonts not displaying properly after installing texlive

You might try adding the Chromium Nightly ppa:chromium-daily/ppa and see if you can replicate the issue. Please let me know if this helps. Thanks.


My wifi speed varies and at times drops to nothing

I have done some testing and had someone with more knowledge towards Linux than me have a look at the problem.

It seems there is a hardware issue with my Qualcomm wifi card unfortunately there isn't much of an option to fix it other than replacing the motherboard, because the card is integrated into the motherboard.

It seems the best option i have is buying a new laptop.


My VPS was wiped, can I still access it?

You'll need to use your VPS provider's portal to either restore an image backup - if you have one - or reload it with their default image, if you don't have a backup.

If you are feeling very, very lost in the woods about this, you should contact your VPS provider's support and inquire about your options.

In practical terms, any data which was on that VPS at the time it was rm -rf'ed are gone for good if you did not have them backed up anywhere.


installation of unity-webapps-preview 12.04 not possible

Open up your terminal and do this :

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

among those 1 is for updating cache and 2 is for fixing broken packages and 3 is to deal with held packages .

hope that helps .

thank you .


You might want to think about why the members of the 'client' group can access root privileges in the first place.

As far as sudo is concerned, those user's privileges are defined in the sudoers file, that you can edit with visudo (provided you have the neccessary privileges yourself). The sudoers file can be seen as a whitelist: Only those privileges defined in the sudoers file are granted.

So you'd have to check which part of your current sudoers file grants users in the group 'client' sudo privileges, and then revoke or rework those. But be careful, it's easy to lock yourself out if you're revoking to much ;)

As far as su is concerned, to use that command to gain root privileges a user needs to know the root account's credentials (e. g. its password). If your 'client' user know your server's root password, there's only one thing you can do: Change the root password, and never tell it anybody who doesn't positively has to know it again ;)


Any idea why ubuntu-14.04.2-server-amd64.iso can not be mounted?

Yes, there is a difference. I had the same issue when booting the installer from a USB - is this what you are doing? If you have used some utility to create it, it may not have worked correctly with the newest image. Just do (please, make sure you put YOUR actual paths) the following from some Linux installation (Alt+F2 will work even from that same session where you've got stuck, just reboot once the dd finishes):

dd if=ubuntu-14.04.2-server-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=16M && sync

and sdb in my example is the device name for my USB drive. You need to type it just like this, without any 1,2 etc at the end, just the name of the device "as a whole".


You are having a DNS issue due to the fact that the DNS is not configured, you need to add the right name server entry(ies) in the /etc/network/interfaces file.

Run the following command to add the name server addresses provided by your ISP to the /etc/network/interfaces file:

sudo sed -i.bak '/gateway/a dns-nameservers 75.75.75.75 75.75.76.76' /etc/network/interfaces

Here the sed command will add the line dns-nameservers 75.75.75.75 75.75.76.76 after the gateway 192.168.1.1 line. The 75.75.75.75 and 75.75.76.76 IPs are the ISP provided DNS addresses. (Also note that the original file is backed up as /etc/network/interfaces.bak). Now you are all set as far as the DNS is concerned.

Now run the following to make the interface (eth4) down and up so that our modifications are applied immediately:

sudo ifdown eth4 && sudo ifup eth4


`do-release-upgrade` from 16.04 LTS to 18.04 LTS fails with Press x to destroy or r to resurrect window

It turns out some of the python packages were somehow corrupted. Reinstall the basic Python packages and the ones related to upgrades and package management eventually solved the problem.


From the device's user manual:

  This CDMA digital technology has greatly enhanced voice clarity and
  can provide various advanced features. The terminal enables the normal
  operation and direct connection of standard telephone equipment into
  the cellular network.

  The standard unit provides:

  A phone jack to plug in the telephone equipment(RJ-11 Port)
  Ring voltage used to ring the telephone connected to the unit, with a Ringer Equivalence Number of 4
  A phone jack to plug in the G3 FAX equipment (RJ-11 Port)
  Data Port for service and repair(RJ-45 Port or USB Port)
  AC Power supply with barrel plug connector
  Support Dial tone
  Touch tone(DTMF) or Pulse Dialing
  Support Caller ID Telephone
  Voice-Mail Notification ring alerts you to new voice-mail messages
  Three lights (LEDs) to indicate the status of the unit
  Dipole Antenna

So no, you won't be able to use this device as a wireless router.


Way to play only songs that were last played before a certain date in amarok

In the 'Media Sources' panel, go into 'Playlists', then 'Dynamic Playlists'.

Add a new playlist. It will give you one with a criterion (bias) like 'genre:Rock'. Select and edit it.

Change the match type to 'Match meta tag'. This will give you a different set of options below.

Change the first dropdown ('Simple search') to 'Last Played'. The other two inputs let you do various things such as:

Before 1 January 2014 (collection search equivalent = lastplay:<01/01/2014)
Older than 200 days (collection search equivalent = lastplay:>200d)

OK that, and double click the playlist to use it.

Note that (as far as I can tell) tracks that have never been played get included if you use the 'before' construct but are not included if you use the 'older than' construct. If you want to include unplayed tracks in the latter case, you need to use an 'Or'/Match Any bias with two sub-biases: the lastplay:>200d one and a playcount:0 one.


Ubuntu Base Updates are fixes to known exploits in the kernel.

Installing security patches are a way of reducing possible attack avenues.

By making sure your system is patched you can no longer get attacked with those particular exploits. By removing the "Known exploits" you remove almost all of the attackers (Script Kiddies and Script Writers making up approximately 98-99% of attackers) as they only deal with the known exploits.

Some of the most famous malware epidemics such as the SQL Slammer worm, were only made possible by admins that failed to install the patch for that exploit.

By not patching your system you are leaving you system open to attack and putting your data(family photos, financial information, etc) at risk.


The question is actually to rename all dirs named with an integer, by a capital with the corresponding index(+1) from the alphabet, and vice versa:

1 -> A

while e.g.

C -> 3

Assuming you have no more than 26 folders on a level (number of letters in the alphabet) , the question is not that complicated, but we need to take into account a few things:

We need to rename the directories from bottom to top, since moving directories inside meanwhile renamed directories will fail.
Since you mention possible name clashes, we need to do the renaming in two runs:

rename the dirs, adding a non-sense, unique string to prevent name clashes
remove the string after all renaming took place

That is exactly what the script below does:

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import string
import shutil
import os
import sys

reorg = sys.argv[1]

chars = list(string.ascii_uppercase)
nums = [str(i+1) for i, c in enumerate(chars)]

tempstring = "_temp1234"

# first step: rename from bottom to top
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(reorg, topdown = False):
    for dr in dirs:
        tempname = None
        if dr in chars:
            tempname = str(chars.index(dr)+1)+tempstring
        elif dr in nums:
            tempname = chars[nums.index(dr)]+tempstring
        if tempname:
             print(dr, tempname)
             shutil.move(root+"/"+dr, root+"/"+tempname)

# second step: remove the temporary string
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(reorg, topdown = False):
    for dr in dirs:
        if tempstring in dr:
            shutil.move(root+"/"+dr, root+"/"+dr.replace(tempstring, ""))

To use

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as reorg.py
Run it with the targeted directory as argument:

python3 /path/to/reorg.py /path/to/second

As always, please first try on a sample.


Hades Canyon NUC8i7HNK can install but can't boot

I was having exactly the same problem with a NUC8i7hnk, but in my case I was trying to install archlinux. I tried everything possible to solve it with no success.

So, I just gave up grub and tried using systemd-boot as the bootloader. Everything worked in the first try :). I think there is a bug when using GRUB with Intel NUCs


On Settings go to Details:

and then Default Application > Video > VLC


I can't make my Windows 8 boot loader to run Ubuntu or even ask me which OS to run as dual boot!

How about you use /dev/sta6 for the grub bootloader. Next steps:

Run update-grub to write the ubuntu bootsector
Copy the ubuntu bootsector into a file: dd if=/dev/sta6 of=boot.lnx bs=512 count=1
Transfer the file to the windows loader partition /dev/sta1, either by copying or via USB stick and booting to windows.

Then use these commands in windows shell to add a Linux selection to the windows loader:

bcdedit /create /d “Linux” /application BOOTSECTOR

BCDEdit will return an alphanumeric identifier for this entry that I will refer to as {ID} in the remaining steps. You’ll need to replace {ID} by the actual returned identifier. An example of {ID} is {d7294d4e-9837-11de-99ac-f3f3a79e3e93}. Next, let’s specify which partition hosts a copy of the boot.lnx file:

bcdedit /set {ID} device partition=c:
bcdedit /set {ID}  path \boot.lnx
bcdedit /displayorder {ID} /addlast
bcdedit /timeout 30

http://www.iceflatline.com/2009/09/how-to-dual-boot-windows-7-and-linux-using-bcdedit/


Please try:

sudo modprobe -r acer-wmi
sudo rfkill unblock all
rfkill list all

Now is your wireless working? If so, let's blacklist acer-wmi:

sudo su
echo "blacklist acer-wmi" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
exit


Ubuntu froze, then after poweroff it will not start

First, try to boot with a liveUSB or LiveCD to discard any hardware malfunction. If the system on the live media boot and you can access your disk, go to /var/log/boot.log and check for any problem or error. You can also check the other log files and look for more errors.

If the live image does not boot, remove it, and reboot your computer, then, when the Ubuntu logo appear, press the ESC key until you see the boot log (pressing the ESC key 2 times is enough)

Take note of the errors and post it here


To list rules on local machine use

sudo iptables -L -n

Ubuntu is shipped with firewall(ufw), which is not enabled by default

To check status of firewall:sudo ufw status
To enable: sudo ufw enable
To disable: sudo ufw disable
To allow traffic on port: sudo ufw allow <port_num>
To block a port: sudo ufw block <port_num>

To check what outbound connections are running use command

sudo lsof -i -P -n


Ubuntu One indicator applet not showing in XFCE

I had a similar problem with the Ubuntu One notification icon in Xubuntu 12.10

Try this:

Settings Manager --> Appearance --> Icons --> Ubuntu-Mono-Light

It should get you a little Ubuntu-One-cloud-like-thingy...


Apache doesn't execute PHP files, but makes me download them

I got it to work with the line:

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php7.0

sudo service apache2 restart


Partitioning issues with easeUS how do i proceed

Okay, first of all, you don't have to create a partition out of that unallocated (free) space to be able to install Ubuntu. You can leave it as unallocated space, and start with the Ubuntu installation process. At one point, there will be an option that will say Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7, like this:

This option will not present itself if there is no free space available in your hard disk. So when you choose this option, it will only use up that free space. However, in your current situation, you won't be able to select that option, it will probably say "unusable space" or something like that. Here is why:

I'm guessing this is how it looks like to you in EaseUS:

*:SYSTEM               Primary
C:                     Primary
*:              Unallocated 15GB Space
D: Recovery            Primary
*: HP_TOOLS            Logical

To cut down on some of the explanation:

You won't be able to create that space as a Primary partition, because you can't have more than three Primary partitions + one (or more) Logical partition. This is a limitation of the MSDOS partitioning.
You won't be able to create that space as a Logical partition, because all Logical partitions have to be next to each other, one after the other. And in your situation, the D (Recovery) drive is between your free space and HP_TOOLS (which is the other Logical drive).

So you have several options:

Move the Recovery partition to be above the free space, so it would look like this:

*:SYSTEM               Primary
C:                     Primary
D: Recovery            Primary
*:              Unallocated 15GB Space
*: HP_TOOLS            Logical

Now, you'll be able to create a partition from that free space (or as I said, you can leave it as free space, and choose that Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7 when installing Ubuntu). To "move" the partition in EaseUS, just right click on the Recovery partition, and select the first option "Resize/Move partition" . In that window, you need to slide that box (indicated below) to the left most side:

Once you do that and hit OK, you'll be able to create a partition from that free space. NOTE: moving a partition might take a very long time, like 2 hours.
You can convert your Recovery partition to a Logical partition. That way, it would look like this:

*:SYSTEM               Primary
C:                     Primary
*:              Unallocated 15GB Space
D: Recovery            Logical
*: HP_TOOLS            Logical

Now, you'll be able to create a partition from that free space. However, I do not know what are the implications of converting the Recovery partition to Logical, so I don't recommend this method.
You can delete the HP_TOOLS partition altogether. From what I've read, you can recreate it on a USB drive later. So, when you delete the HP_TOOLS partition (right click and delete partition), your layout would look like this:

*:SYSTEM               Primary
C:                     Primary
*:              Unallocated 15GB Space
D: Recovery            Primary
*:              Unallocated 100MB Space

Even though it might say "Logical" next to the free spaces, just ignore it. Now, you can create a partition from that 15GB free space, because it will be the only Logical partition. As for the deleted HP_TOOLS partition, I believe it is only 100MB, so you can just leave it there. If you really really need this free 100MB space, you can move the Recovery partition to the right, which will move the 100MB to the left to merge it with the 15GB space. However, again, moving the partitions will take a long time.

I recommend the last method.
By the way, you can check out this answer: https://askubuntu.com/a/149829/52726, it's about the same thing. However, I did not flag your question as a duplicate because you are using EaseUS, so I thought you'd prefer it over the partitioning feature that you can use while installing Ubuntu, since I'm guessing you are new to Ubuntu.

Good luck!


How can several branches be nested in the same directory in a bzr-builder recipe?

You cannot nest multiple branches into the same directory.

However, the problem is that youa re nesting the directories wrong. You need to specify a unique name for a directory which doesn't yet exist, as the last argument to the nest or nest-part commands. Something like this should work, assuming the directories don't already exist:

nest addons lp:~bitglue/openobject-addons/7.0 openerp/addons/openobject-addons
nest-part web lp:~openerp/openerp-web/7.0 addons openerp/addons/openerp-web

Alternatively, as these are all separate sources, you should package them separately, rather than trying to shove them all into a single source branch, I think.


Could not install or delete a package 12.10

Try to make by /etc/php5/mods-available/xdebug.ini hand, and then purge the package and then sudo apt-get -f install. Hope to work properly for you.


Change default guest session launcher applications?

Create the folder /etc/guest-session/ if it doesn't exist

sudo mkdir /etc/guest-session/

Then open  file /etc/guest-session/prefs.sh

sudo nano /etc/guest-session/prefs.sh

and add the following content

FILE="$HOME/.config/autostart/configure-launcher.desktop"

cat << EOF > "$FILE"
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Configure launcher items
Type=Application
Exec=gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites "['application://firefox.desktop', 'application://nautilus.desktop', 'application://stellarium.desktop']"
EOF

chown -R "$USER:$USER" "$FILE"

Change the application://... items to whatever you want to appear in the Launcher.

This creates a autostart command for the guest session that changes the launcher item.

You can get the current launcher items using

gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites


you are going to get a number of suggestions for this. IMO I prefer ssh as it is more secure then ftp.

Bluefish

Not exactly what you want, but if you like bluefish I would download the file, edit it locally, and then upload it back to the server.

vim/gvim

The reason I mention vim is that, although there is a bit of a learning curve, it is a powerful editor and so helpful on servers.

You may need to install these applications

sudo apt-get install vim vim-gnome

You can edit files over ssh or ftp with vim or if you prefer a graphical interface gvim.

# command line
vim scp://user@server//file/to/edit

# Graphical
gvim scp://user@server//file/to/edit

Notice the two // ;p

sshfs

You can also use sshfs to mount the remote directory and then you could open the file with bluefish.

Install sshfs

sudo apt-get install sshfs

Add your user to the fuse group

Then mount the remove file system in your home directory

# Use any name for the mount you wish
mkdir ~/web_server

# mount the remote directory
# keep the syntax 'idmap=user'
# id@server = your login_name@server

sshfs -0 idmap=user id@server:/var/www ~/web_server

You then can use bluefish, or any editor you wish to edit files in ~/web_server

See ubuntu wiki sshfs

From windows you can use winscp


Ubuntu18.04 smb using SMB3 force user does not work (all files owned by root instead of forced user) works with vers=1.0

The Linux kernel that ships with 18.04 changed how cifs deals with the smb dialect. It used ( as in 16.04 ) to default to 1.0. Now it either has it set to 3.0 or it will negotiate the version between 2.1 to 3.0 depending on what version of the kernel you are using.

Unless your samba server is very old it shouldn't matter. If your samba server is very old then setting it to 1.0 in cifs is just setting it back to where it was in 16.04.

I'm not sure however how any of this has anything to do with the permissions the client sees from the mount. You might consider taking control of it on the client:

Remove the vers=1.0and add uid=av or uid=1000 if your uid number is 1000:

av -fstype=cifs,uid=av,rw,credentials=/home/myuser/.smbcredentials ://fileserver/av

And maybe add nounix:

av -fstype=cifs,uid=av,nounix,rw,credentials=/home/myuser/.smbcredentials ://fileserver/av


How long should I wait before upgrading to Ubuntu 15?

15.04's been out since April, so a lot has been fixed by way of compatibility, performance and bugs. It might be better to stay on 14.04, though, since it's LTS, which means longer support. 16.04 will also be LTS, so if you want an upgrade, that'll be it. It's really up to you.


Yes it does support it but may depend on the program.

Thanks for those links in the comments, they actually didn't pop in my google searches.

I'm using a cintiq 21UX. I got it working, but I am not entirely sure what the problem was. I experimented with various distros seeing if I could get my various interests(games, art) working with my hardware, specifically and AMD video card and my cintiq. After a lot of effort and searching I ended up going with linux mint 18.1 and upgraded the kernel to the last 4.8 version. After doing that I was able to successfully install the latest proprietary AMD drivers. Then I downloaded a Krita app image and test out some brushes with my cintiq. It worked.

I think something that could have been different is I previously installed krita via snap and perhaps those versions were different. I'm guessing different software and maybe even versions of software handle the support differently. The app image seems to work just fine, so I'm pretty happily going along in linux now.

Thanks for your help!


Is it safe to delete an middle partition of the disc for installing Ubuntu (dual boot with Windows 10)?

Do I need a primary partition to install Ubuntu?

Short answer, "No, You don't need a primary partition to install Ubuntu". For more clarification see this question.
First and foremost, backup everything that you think is important, messing with partitions are risky. Secondly, while installing you should choose something else option and create manual partitions for ubuntu installation alongside windows.
In case after installation you cannot boot into ubuntu, check the boot order and change it to Ubuntu Grub bootloader.


GtkIconView doesn't automatically fill the space with icon when user resizes the window

Okay, as we have figure out how to fix this, I'll describe the solution here, in case anyone else has this problem.

The trick is to place the GtkIconView in a GtkScrolledWindow, and set it's hscrollbar_policy to "always". Then, a check-resize signal has to be used, to react when the user resizes the window (note that it must be checked if the size has changed, for the signal is emitted also when e.g. the window is dragged around).

When the size changes, the model used by GtkIconView has to be cleared and recreated, as this triggers GtkIconView properly reallocating the newly gained space (or shrinking). Also, as the result the horizontal scrollbar will never be seen, as the GtkIconView uses exactly that much space as the GtkScrolledWindow uses.


it is due to old stdlibc++ included in FTL {arch}/lib/libstdc++.so.6

delete or archive the file with

cd ..sommedir../FTL/data
mv ./amd64/lib/libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++.so.6_unwanted_amd64_lib
mv ./x86/lib/libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++.so.6_unwanted_x86_lib


CPU usage goes to 100% when I lock the screen

Maybe [fglrx] compiz uses 100% CPU when screen turns off (..) is your problem as well. Then here is what you can try to do:

  WORKAROUND:

  Open Catalyst Control Center.
  Go to 3D > More Settings.
  Set "Wait for vertical refresh" to "On, unless application specifies".
  And if that doesn't work, then also do:
  Run "ccsm"
  In Workarounds, enable "Force full screen redraw (buffer swap) on repaint".

Please, also mark the bug as "This bug affects me" if it should be the case.


In my opinion, your plan should be able to work. I think, there can be only one extended partition containing logical volumes, but as you first delete the old one this should be fine. But from which environment do you want to perform this? You have to do it from the system on sda3 (the partition you want to keep), or from a live system. You have to unmount the partitions first, too. And you want to delete the boot partition! You have to mark a new partition as boot volume then. It should be the volume GRUB is installed on.

To later use the new partitions as swap in your fresh installed systems (Ubuntu?) on sda1 and sda2, you can chose them from within the installer to use as swap or later using gparted (right-click on partition -> use as swap(? only know the German title)).
I hope this helps you, otherwise feel free to ask again...

edit: you can perform the repartitioning from within the Ubuntu installer. Just click on "something else..." when it asks whether you want to install it instead of/alongside of your old systems (remember I have the German version, so I don't know the exact inscriptions in English!)

Is this what you want to achieve?

sda1 (primary partition) Linux System 1
sda2 (primary) Linux System 2
sda3 (primary) your old system, "boot" (GRUB installed)
sda4 (extended) <container for logical volumes>
->sda5 (logical) Swap for Linux 1
->sda6 (logical) Swap for Linux 2

But what OS do you have on sda3? Ubuntu? Then you would need another Swap: sda7 (logical)

And you have to specify one boot partition where the BIOS looks for a boot loader (e.g. GRUB). This boot loader then loads an OS you can select in its menu from the partition.
So you can have many OS on your hard disk, but only one active boot loader responsible for all of them.


Close button in some default GNOME applications looks different

Those pre-installed applications in Ubuntu 18.04 are snap applications. They don't work well with custom GTK+ theme due to restrictions of snap packages. They fall back to a default GTK+ theme when there's an issue.

You may consider removing the snap application (for example System Monitor) by running

snap remove gnome-system-monitor

and install the traditional apt one by running

sudo apt install gnome-system-monitor

In general you can find the installed snap applications by running the following

snap list

and then choose which one to remove and get it replaced by its traditional apt counterpart.


It SHOULD be:

mkdir -p /mnt/mdf/
mount -o loop -t iso9660 {file}.mdf /mnt/mdf

If that does not work you can also install iat and convert it to ISO

sudo apt install iat

From man iat:

DESCRIPTION
   iat   (Iso9660  Analyzer Tool) is a tool for detecting the structure of
   many types of CD-ROM image file formats, such as BIN,  MDF,  PDI,  CDI,
   NRG, and B5I, and  converting them into ISO-9660.

   If output file name is not defined, then STDOUT will be used instead.

Or you can also install Furius ISO Mount with ...

sudo apt install furiusisomount

  Furius ISO Mount is a simple application for mounting ISO, IMG, BIN, MDF and NG image files even without burning them to disk.


What are the specifics of 18.04's ten year support?

The Releases page has some clear dates for how long security support will last.

For 18.04, it's 5 years of standard security support + 5 years of ESM (ESM = "Extended Security Maintenance").

2019-03-04 - first public list for 14.04 ESM.
2017-04-13 - first public list for 12.04 ESM.

We (Canonical) do need to improve on publishing the ESM source package list more in advance.

From either list on the Releases page you can see what packages were included in previous releases to get a general idea.  Desktop packages are not being considered.

I'll update this answer as we publish more.


How can I check the folder permissions in ubuntu server 12.04?

You can use the following command:

ls -l directory

or

stat directory

or, if you want to see only the permissions in numeric (octal) format:

stat -c %a directory


OpenSSL getting rollback automatically to default version in Ubuntu 12.04.4

If you want to stop a package from beeing automatically updated each time you run the apt-get upgrade or apt-get dist-upgrade command, you have to put then on hold to the package management system.

This can be done by the following command :

echo "openssl hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections

When you do dpkg --get-selections | grep openssl, you will see the following :

openssl                hold

And then, when you run sudo apt-get upgrade, you will see an output like this one :

sudo apt-get upgrade

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
   openssl
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

Attention :

Of course, you will then become the only one responsible to update the version of OpenSSL, you will have to watch the security bulletins, the patches published and so on

Important note :

The Linux distribution (Ubuntu and others) use their own way of versioning and patching cycles, this means that the version N of package XXXX present in the repositories, can already incorporate a security patch that was applied mainstream on the version N+1 but that was ported to version N by the distribution maintainers.


Installing Ubuntu ends in a black screen in MSI GE60

The power consumption of the GeForce GTX 765M GPU in your MSI GE60 gaming laptop should be between 50 and 75 Watts! That's a lot of power and it could definitely make USB boot go to hell. The GPU has 3GB of built-in RAM. That could cause booting problems as well. Your GPU could be sucking power from the USB flash drive. If the USB port is not getting enough power, then almost any live distro that you try to run from the USB will freeze.
And what's strange about it is that if the distro is really lightweight it WON'T freeze. GParted live USB won't freeze. Clonezilla live USB won't freeze. SOMETIMES Xubuntu live USB won't freeze (and sometimes it will freeze anyway) and also Lubuntu live USB. Well, I said "SOMETIMES", although Lubuntu live USB black screens on your laptop too.

I read your post about getting Arch to boot on your laptop, and based on this I made a special Ubuntu 13.10 minimal install CD and got it to boot successfully on a machine that couldn't boot from a normal Ubuntu live USB. Then I booted from the Ubuntu 13.10 mini CD and tested it in Rescue Mode without installing Ubuntu. Then I exited from Rescue Mode by aborting the Rescue Mode startup at the language selection window and clicked to shutdown the computer normally. Here are the steps I followed:

Downloaded the Ubuntu 13.10 64-bit Mini CD iso file from the link on the Ubuntu Documentation Installation Minimal CD webpage. Download the Ubuntu Mini CD iso file for Ubuntu 20.04 from http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal/main/installer-amd64/current/legacy-images/netboot/mini.iso. You should select the Ubuntu 13.10 iso file, not the 13.04 iso, so that you can upgrade your operating system to the next Long Term Support version of Ubuntu, Ubuntu 14.04, when it is released in April 2014. I downloaded the file called mini.iso to my Downloads folder.

Verified the md5 checksum of the Ubuntu mini CD iso file that I downloaded by running these commands:
 cd ~/Downloads/
 md5sum 'mini.iso'

Then I checked that the results of the command matched the MD5 checksum of the mini.iso file on the Ubuntu Documentation Installation Minimal CD webpage.

Got a USB flash drive, 1GB or larger. Deleted all the files from the USB flash drive. I unmounted the flash drive using the Disks disk utility. The package name of the Disks disk utility is gnome-disk-utility

Checked in Disks disk utility to find out the device name of my USB flash drive. This is very important because if you use the wrong device name in step 5, you will overwrite your whole operating system instead of writing to the USB flash drive. So check the USB flash drive device name twice.  It should be something like /dev/sd* where instead of the * character there is a lower case letter. The device name of my flash drive was /dev/sdc.

Opened the terminal and ran the following commands:
 cd ~/Downloads/
 sudo su
 dd if='mini.iso' of=/dev/sdc bs=4096

These are the commands I used to write the Ubuntu 13.10 64-bit mini.iso file to my USB flash drive. The dd if='mini.iso' of=/dev/sdc bs=4096 command took less than 9 seconds to complete on my computer because the mini.iso is a small file, only 36MB. The result of running this command was a bootable Ubuntu 13.10 64-bit mini CD. I checked the USB flash drive in GParted to check if it was bootable. GParted did not recognize the boot flag on my flash drive, but the USB flash drive was indeed bootable as I found out in the following step.

Booted the computer from the Ubuntu 13.10 mini live USB. The Ubuntu 13.10 mini live USB booted successfully and showed a menu screen.

From the menu screen pressed the F1 key to bring up the Help menu.

From the Help menu I selected the option for Rescue Mode, because I wanted to test the Ubuntu 13.10 mini live USB without installing anything.

The Rescue Mode started successfully. I clicked on the Back button at the first screen and then on the Yes button when it asked me if I wanted to abort and then I clicked to shutdown the computer normally.

Now I have a working bootable Ubuntu 13.10 mini live USB. Since your laptop can boot the Arch minimal CD, it is very likely that it can also boot the Ubuntu 13.10 mini live USB. Select the Install option (not the command-line install, the complete install) from the menu screen in Step 6. The Ubuntu installer will start installing Ubuntu, and it will prompt you when you need to make a selection or type information about your Ubuntu installation. When you restart the system at the end of the installation, you will have a working Ubuntu desktop with the default desktop environment.


01.org is Intel's open source community where open source work that Intel engineers are involved in is pulled together. The Intel Graphics for Linux driver website does not have any Intel graphics drivers for later than Ubuntu 17.04, so I assume that the Intel graphics driver is built-in in 18.04 and updated with the Software Updater application. For Ubuntu 16.04 visit this link: https://download.01.org/gfx/ubuntu/16.04/main/pool/main/i/.

This is optional because if Intel graphics works OK with the built-in driver in 16.04, then you don't need to manually download anything. However if you are experiencing screen tearing when using a second monitor, the Intel graphics driver from https://download.01.org/gfx/ubuntu/16.04/main/pool/main/i/ may be able to fix it.


Try this: first, do ls -li to list all files with their inodes. The inode is the number on the left. Note the inode number of your problem directory. Then: find . -inum xxx -delete replacing xxx with the inode number.


I cannot reduce the screen brightness on my Acer Aspire 5742

Try to press Fn and the right or left arrow keys.


Server AMI images don't allow a user to login multiple times

Unfortunately, the pre-release Oneiric AMIs automatically run the screen command on ssh from a terminal which causes all of your ssh sessions to share a single screen.  You can learn how to use screen to disassociate what your terminals see, or...

You can disable this on a given instance by typing the command:

byobu-disable

which will log you out. The next ssh will work fine.

Hopefully, Oneiric will not include this behavior when it is released, but we're getting awful close to that date.

Note: This post includes statements that express my personal opinions. Other people have different opinions.


Configure Unity notifications to close on click

Change the notification's mouse- over behaviour

Almost what you asked for, and possibly what you might like, a tiny, very light background script (no noticeable load to your system whatsoever, if no notification runs, it will only wait/check for one to appear) that will change the mouse-over effect of the notifications from fade:

to disappear (close):

This will only take effect if the mouse is moved from outside the area into the notification area, to make sure you won't miss the notifications if your mouse already is in the notification area if the message is launched.

How to use

The script needs xdotool

sudo apt-get install xdotool

copy the script below into an empty file, save it as manage_notifications.py
Test-run the script by the command:

python3 /path/to/manage_notifications.py

with the script running, open a terminal window and run the command:

notify send 'This is a test'

now move the mouse to the notification. Instead of fading, it should disappear.
If all works fine, add it to your startup applications: Dash > Startup Applications > Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && python3 /path/to/manage_notifications.py"

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time

w = int([s.split("x")[0] for s in subprocess.check_output(
    ["xrandr"]).decode("utf-8").split() if "+0+0" in s][0]
        )

def get_mouse():
    loc = subprocess.check_output(["xdotool", "getmouselocation"]).decode("utf-8").split()[:2]
    return [int(n.split(":")[1]) for n in loc]

while True:
    time.sleep(1)
    try:
        subprocess.check_output(["pgrep", "notify-osd"]).decode("utf-8")
        curloc1 = get_mouse(); t = 1
        while t < 10:
            time.sleep(1)
            curloc2 = get_mouse()
            test1 = curloc1[0] > w - 400 and curloc1[1] < 400
            test2 = curloc2[0] > w - 400 and curloc2[1] < 400
            if all([test1 == False, test2 == True]):
                subprocess.Popen(["pkill", "notify-osd"])
                break
            curloc1 = curloc2
            t = t+1
    except:
        pass


01-netcfg.yaml and 50-cloud-init.yaml both exist - can't find one IP

The two files differ in that one uses static IP addresses, and the other uses dhcp. As long as the addresses are appropriate for your network, just use /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml. Remove /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml.

Use this .yaml... but with no dhcp4, and max 3 DNS (comma-space) servers...

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      addresses: [192.168.100.30/24]
      gateway4: 192.168.100.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [192.168.100.26, 192.168.100.19]

sudo netplan --debug generate

sudo netplan apply

reboot


Changing swappiness in sysctl.conf doesn't work for me

What I usually do is  create a custom rule in /etc/sysctl.d/ instead of editing the main sysctl file. Change directory to sysctl.d and create your file:

cd /etc/sysctl.d/
sudo touch 60-my-swappiness.conf

Then run your favourite text editor:

sudo nano 60-my-swappiness.conf

Enter your value at the top of the file, for example, vm.swappiness = 10 (there must be spaces between swappiness and the value as shown).

As it recommends in the readme in /etc/sysctl.d/, run

sudo service procps start

for the system to read the new values and then reboot.

The reason why we use 60 at the start of the my-swappiness.conf is so that your custom rule overrides any other rules in the directory.

Check that you have the correct swappiness with

cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
10

This works for me, but there is more guidance on swap and swappiness in the Ubuntu guide if you need any more detailed information.


How to permanently set an environment variable

Open a terminal window with Ctrl+Alt+T.
Open the file for editing with

gedit ~/.profile

Add the command to the bottom of the file.
Save and close gedit.
Log out and log in again.


How do I create a Windows executable with PyInstaller on Ubuntu?

Obviously the binary executable generated by PyInstaller on Linux only runs on Linux and not on other operating systems like Windows. The file name extension is irrelevant here.
According to the PyInstall FAQ you cannot use it to cross-compile for different platforms either, but running PyInstall inside Wine is supposed to achieve what you want:

Can I use PyInstaller as a cross-compiler?

Can I package Windows binaries while running under Linux?
No, this is not supported. Please use Wine for this, PyInstaller runs fine in Wine. You may also want to have a look at this thread in the mailinglist. In version 1.4 we had build in some support for this, but it showed to work only half. It would require some Windows system on another partition and would only work for pure Python programs. As soon as you want a decent GUI (gtk, qt, wx), you would need to install Windows libraries anyhow. So it's much easier to just use Wine.

From what I understand, you'll need to install PyInstall inside a Wine environment like you would in Windows and then use it like you would on a native Windows system.
Please refer to How can I install Windows software or games? for an overview of how to get started with Wine on Ubuntu.


Dell XPS 13 (9350) on Ubuntu 16.04 - touchpad stops working or works erratically

I had the same problem when I put Ubuntu 16.04 on my Dell XPS13 (9350). For me the problem was largely resolved by installing libinput:

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-libinput

The only issue I have now is that the mouse pointer freezes once in a while. But this is very rare and I can always unfreeze it with a left click. Overall I'm very pleased with the improvement libinput has made to the performance of the touchpad.

You can read more about this solution at https://askubuntu.com/a/678122

J-Linux


Yeah you need to do a proper install.

There's no simple way to convert a wubi install to a real one either, so you're going to need to overcome whatever the problem is that's stopping you boot to USB. There are a few suggestions here:

Not booting from USB or CD (SYSLINUX Message)


The default is that tar removes the first slash (/) in order to avoid overwriting important files by mistake. It uses a local path instead. Maybe this behaviour makes you confused.

Did you check if the file etc/passwd exists? This is a local path (seen from the current directory), so use the command

ls -l etc/passwd

or if you wish

find . -name passwd

In other words, I think that 'untar' worked for you. The problem is probably, that you have not found the extracted file.


libGL.so: undefined reference to `glapi_tls_Current'?

Try this out:
-D WITH_OPENGL=OFF
The error might be caused while building with OPENGL. so, if you don't need opengl support, please turn it off to see if the error goes away.


Can you recommend a good tutorial on building custom package versions?

The "Updating an Ubuntu Package" section of the Packaging Guide is a good place to start.


Avahi DNS working, other services not discovered

When changing your motherboard, maybe your NIC names changed, which may have affected your firewall rules? Check that port UDP/5353 and dst ip 224.0.0.251 are not being blocked on the workstation.


Is there an integrated terminal option in file managers such as Nautilus in Ubuntu?

This is the standard behavior of dolphin, the stock KDE file manager (which is by itself a sufficient reason to use KDE). However, to use dolphin under Gnome, I think you will also need to install Konsole and it feels a little out of place on Gnome.

An alternative seems to be Nautilusterminal 3. Though, I have not tested this myself, as I am a KDE user. You can install it by:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:flozz/nautilus-terminal
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nautilus-terminal

Since, as of writing this, no Ubuntu 19.10 version is included in the ppa, you can use pip:

sudo apt install python-pip python-nautilus python-psutil
python2 -m pip install --user nautilus_terminal

The project is hosted here.
A deb package can be found here.


Ubuntu Dual Boot UEFI vs Legacy Boot Issues

I would suggest trying to use the boot-repair utility from an Ubuntu distro (there is a chance it might not work, it will also warn you if the boot partition is too far away from the start of the drive, some older BIOS stuff won't look at the whole drive)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

If this doesn't work and your device is actually UEFI only, rEFInd might just work.


Installer: Erase and reinstall on existing ubuntu partition erases all partitions including windows partitions

That is a feature - and not a bug.

Depends really on what kind of partitions you've made earlier, and what they are used for. If Ubuntu is the only operating-system used on a computer, it will remove all partitions because it wont affect other OS's.


Custom LiveCD -- Skip Install/boot to desktop and run custom app

The SYSLINUX configuration on Ubuntu Live CD is somewhat confusing, but I had figured out by reading this post on Unix.SE and refer to this Syslinux Wiki.

Part A: Skip install/Boot to desktop

To boot directly to Live session, you need to do two things:

replace the default vesamenu.c32 with default live (whose label live is found in /isolinux/txt.cfg file)
comment the last line ui gfxboot bootlogo using # at beginning of line

Step 2 is required, otherwise the initial splash screen will still be visible until timeout. This is due to ui module will override the default setting, as explained in this subtopic on the Wiki:

  Therefore, if UI is used, the PROMPT directive is ignored and the UI command -- not the DEFAULT command -- is automatically launched

Default /isolinux/isolinux.cfg

# D-I config version 2.0
include menu.cfg
default vesamenu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 50
ui gfxboot bootlogo

Modified /isolinux/isolinux.cfg

# D-I config version 2.0
include menu.cfg
default live
prompt 0
timeout 50
#ui gfxboot bootlogo

I have tested the modified configuration using Xubuntu 14.04 ISO image, but the same steps should apply to other Ubuntu and official derivatives.

Part B: Run custom app

As for launching the application, it should be doable by adding the path of target executable to the "startup" menu or something similar. For example, on Xfce Desktop Environment, it is found at Settings Manager > Session and Startup > Application Autostart.

Above all, my answer is more toward the solution for "Skip install/Boot to desktop". The latter part "Run custom app" shouldn't be an issue for most users.


How can I make hybrid ircd flood protection more relaxed or disable it entirely?

RTFM it turns out.

in the general block in /etc/ircd/ircd.conf set

/* no oper flood: increase flood limits for opers. */
no_oper_flood = yes;

/* true no oper flood: completely eliminate flood limits for opers
     * and for clients with can_flood = yes in their auth {} blocks
 */
true_no_oper_flood = yes;

And an auth block as:

auth {
        user = "*@*";
        class = "users";

        /* restricted: stop the client sending mode changes */
        #restricted = yes;

        /* have ident: require the user has identd to connect (OLD I: + flag) */
        have_ident = no;

        can_flood = yes;
    };

Needless to say don't do that on any publicly accessible server.


Micro SD card with adaptor in Ubuntu 12.04 only mount read-only

I had this same problem not even 5 minutes ago. I was trying to figure it out on the forums and googled it and all. After about 40 minutes of searching I decided to try and log out and log back in while the micro SD card and adapter were in the slot. Once logged in I tried to move my files in and it just worked. I heard somewhere in my searches that linux will try and protect the device if it's removed improperly to prevent data corruption, and the only way to fix it is to restart or log back in. Hope it works for you too!


How do I install an older version of Mercurial for TortoiseHG?

I had the same problem.

Installing Mercurial from ubuntuupdates.org

and then installing tortoiseHg using sudo apt-get install tortoisehg solved my problem.


How can I change the default download directory of downthemall from /root/Downloads/ to /home/user/Downloads/?

You can do that in a very straightforward way:

right click on link you want to download
choose save link with DownThemAll
choose your specific destination in save files in field.


Add Secondary IP Address That Is Seen By A Server

Try this solution as ip isn't persistent:

sudo nmcli con modify "interface_name" +ipv4.addresses 172.16.2.140/24
sudo nmcli con up "interface_name"

Note you change that ip add I added to yours and do this on the client machine.


How to install ubuntu on ASUS FX553V? (? = D or E I don't know) with firmware bug

Follow the instructions in this page:
http://pclub.in/2017/01/06/Linux-on-Asus-ROG.html

It worked for me.


When I use ssh with putty my shell prompt is not the way I want it

When you su you go into the prompt for the other user.

Your .bashrc file that is at /home/jebik/.bashrc will only apply settings to your profile.

There is another version of it for root at /root/.bashrc

There are global settings for all users in the file /etc/bash.bashrc as well.

There are some examples on this page on how to configure the prompt format to your liking.
https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-unix-bash-shell-setup-prompt.html


How do I optimize a nginx reverse proxy?

Maybe it is not nginx but your kernel configuration limits, did you tried fine tuning the kernel parameters as well?

I've searched for some kind of documentation for this, as far I've found these advices:
http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-bsd-nginx-webserver-security.html


Puppetlabs apt sources lead to unauthenticated packages error

The main problem seems to have been related to changing the system's hostname.

I repeated the process in a different order, configuring hostname first, than downloading and adding the package and it worked fine!


How to replace Ubuntu 32-bit with 64-bit in dual boot?

Download Ubuntu64bit (or better: Linux-Secure64bit, because it already contains Boot-Repair that you will need in step3 below), and burn it to DVD or liveUSB
Boot on it, then install it above your current Ubuntu32bit this way.
Then reboot the PC. If Grub does not access both Ubuntu and Windows, follow this procedure to fix UEFI boot.


Ubuntu 16.04 slow boot (apt-daily.service)

This is Debian bug #844453.  apt-daily.service shouldn't be run during boot, but only some time afterward.

As a workaround, do sudo systemctl edit apt-daily.timer and paste the following text into the editor window:

# apt-daily timer configuration override
[Timer]
OnBootSec=15min
OnUnitActiveSec=1d
AccuracySec=1h
RandomizedDelaySec=30min

This changes the "timer" that triggers apt-daily.service to run at a random time between 15 min and 45 min after boot, and once a day thereafter.  See the systemd.timer manpage for additional (not very well written, alas) explanation of what this means.


External HDD works on WIn8 but not on 14.04

You must be aware that Win8 doesn't power off; it hibernates for a faster boot, keeping HD mounted and occupied so linux can't mount it. Althought as you said, linux mount the drive, I think would worth check if this option is deactivated -so windows shuts down properly and sets the drive free.

Here's a link where the author explains how to deactivate this feature


Keystroke ctrl+Slash sends ctrl+Minus to application in 17.10

The keytable for the english language pack didn't install correctly and the fallback for all ctrl+ were the german keys.

I fixed the issue by reinstalling the english language pack.


providing vm priority for kvm based virtual machines

I've been able to renice the qemu-system process on the host using the process group (renice -g ...). Not sure if this is the best way, but seems logical to me. You could simply experiment on a small host?
Good luck.


How to wipe HDD, I have no F8 or F12 key to press while booting

How did you manage to boot from USB before beginning the installation? The same way should work again.

Edit: that was supposed to be a comment. :~)

Edit bodhi.zazen - The OP posted the solution as a comment

  I had to bust out a USB keyboard and hook that up to get a F8 key. I got it working now.


A bad boot command made my system inaccessible

Just use a live CD or USB. Boot from it, choose "Try Ubuntu" and then mount your installed system's drive. For example, if the / drive of your installed system is /dev/sda1, you would want to do

sudo mkdir /mnt/oldroot
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/oldroot

Once you have done that, you should be able to navigate to the /etc/rcX.d directories and delete the relevant links. These directories (one for each runlevel) conatin links to scripts located in /etc/init.d. So, once you've removed the links, you may as well go and remove the script that you created in the /etc/init.d directory.

Once you've done that, reboot and you should be OK.


Run the command with root privileges. There's also a "arduino-linux-setup.sh" script which you may want to run.
This should install Arduino perfectly. Now if you are not able to use desktop shortcut for opening Arduino IDE, you can use this command

sudo chmod 777 arduino-arduinoide.desktop
sudo chown YOUR_USERNAME_HERE arduino-arduinoide.desktop

This will make you the owner of the file, give you read and write permissions, and you will be able to open it then.

You can also open Arduino ide by using this command in the arduino folder.

./arduino


How to use a wired headphone and bluetooth headphones simultaneously?

First install PulseAudio Preferences, it's available through default repositories:
$ sudo apt install paprefs

Open it, and under the [ Simultaneous Output ] tab, there is an option for virtual combined audio output. Enable it and go to:
Settings -> Sound -> Output tab
Your virtual device must be there, you can select it and test the audio. And don't forget to mute other output devices that you don't want to hear (i. e. builtin speaker)


Installation on OS X Mountain Lion: Will not create bootable usb

OS X does weird stuff. Try again using the dd method and write the image to /dev/disk1 (not a partition). Make sure you get your devices right. Also make sure (via Disk Manager) that the disk (and partitions) are not mounted. Finder trys to auto-mount and borks things.

Also Macs are very cranky about what USB media they will boot from. Make sure your using a USB device that you know the mac can boot in the first place. The resulting USB partition will not be readable inside OS X but refit should be able to see and use it.


You may be able to use NbuExplorer (an open-source Windows application) to view the contents of the file.

I was able to run it in Ubuntu by installing the Mono Visual Basic Compiler (VB.NET)  (sudo apt-get install mono-vbnc) and then running mono NbuExplorer.exe. I don't have an .arc file to test this any further.


Open the Dash by clicking the icon at the top of Launcher (the left side bar) or by pressing Super (the Windows key), then type software center.

You should see the Software Center icon, click it to open the Software Center. You can also drag and drop its icon to the Launcher to prevent searching every time you need it.

All installed software is accessible through the Dash, just type what you want and related items will show up. A list of all installed applications is shown when you click the Applications icon at the bottom of the Dash or press Super+A. There's also a Filter results tool on the right to narrow the search results.


Warning: Alternative software, not a solution ahead; you are warned!

I would rather recommend to use Xpad, a much better software to store notes. knotes is probably optimized for KDE environment and may not work very well on Unity interfaces.

To start xpad when you reboot your system, do this:

Type "Startup applications" on the dash and open the application
In the window that pops-up, click on "Add"
In th dialog box that pops-up, enter "xpad" as the name and xpad as the command and "notes" as comment and then click on "Add".


To access hidden Windows fileserver in local network

You can try this:

on the server: find the IP address. In windows machines, I think you can run ipconfig in a terminal --- see here.
In Ubuntu, open Files, and then choose "Connect to server":

input smb://you.ip.here./ --- if the server is configured to serve SMB shares and to list them, which are the default way of sharing in Windows, it should ask user and password, and let you browse the shares.

Otherwise, there can be literally millions of possible configurations ("literally, literally..." -cit.), and you should ask your system/network manager.


There is several compilers in Ubuntu for avr, like gcc-avr or sdcc. I think that could solve your issues.


How to add display resolution for an LCD in Ubuntu 12.04? xrandr problem

You can add missing resolutions to Ubuntu 12.04 using xrandr.

First, use cvt to create a new resolution mode.

sudo cvt 1920 1080 60

Part of the output should be similar to this: "Modeline "1920x1080_60.00" 173.00 1920 2048 2248 2576 1080 1083 1088 1120 -hsync +vsync" (w/o the quotes).

Next, declare a new resolution mode.

sudo xrandr --newmode "1920x1080_60.00" 173.00 1920 2048 2248 2576 1080 1083 1088 1120 -hsync +vsync

Next, find out the name of your video device.

sudo xrandr -q

Mine was named "Virtual1" (running a virtual machine). Once you know the name of your device, you can, finally, add your new resolution mode to the device/system.

sudo xrandr --addmode Virtual1 1920x1080_60.00

See more information in the "Adding undetected resolutions" section here: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Config/Resolution/#Adding_undetected_resolutions


How can I configure a Chinese input method?

Install the package iBus from the kubuntu repository, info here: http://code.google.com/p/ibus/. This is just an input method and doesn't change your system settings.

for pinyin input install ibus-pinyin
for handwriting recognition install ibus-tegaki
the fonts are available from the package language-pack-kde-zh-hans

Afterwards go to your system preferences and change input method to iBus.

If you are learning, I would suggest two more programs you might already know:

Anki (for learning flashcards)

In Anki you can use a very helpful plugin called pinyin-toolkit (http://ankisrs.net)

Eclectus (an offline dictionary)

Eclectus can use tegaki for handwriting input as well. You can install audiopack (made from swac collections) and strokeorder-fonts. You need to install the marcspitz/eclectus PPA for those packages.
The original Eclectus (as well on launchpad) doesn't work on 11.4.

Enjoy learning!
Marcus


I'm looking for an app or programme that can draw similar to Sketchup

FreeCAD has the ability to make drawings in plan view.

FreeCAD is an open source CAx RAD based on OpenCasCade, Qt and Python. It features some key concepts like macro recording, workbenches, ability to run as a server and dynamically loadable application extensions and it is designed to be platform independent.

To install FreeCAD in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install freecad


Lubuntu- chromium hangs after logout or suspend

I found solution:

sudo apt-get remove --purge light-locker

Problem is that lightLocker don't like chromium.
This solution is only simple workaround. It will uninstall light-locker
from your's system. In my case this solution is ok because maybe
I lost possibility of lock screen but I no need to restart computer each time when lightlocker lock my screen or when I log out.


The syntax you've specified in that job is incorrect:

you have multiple 'start on' stanzas.
the last 'start on' stanza will be considered, but yours is invalid due to using commas between runlevels (your 'stop on' is invalid for the same reason).

You want something like this:

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [016]

script
    pydoc -p 7464 /some_path/my_python_package
end script

Note that with version 0.9.7 and higher of Upstart (in other words Ubuntu Natty or newer - see https://wiki.ubuntu.com/NattyNarwhal/TechnicalOverviewUpstart), there is a new command called init-checkconf that will check your script for syntax errors. Usage is simple:

$ init-checkconf myjob.conf

Note that you must run init-checkconf as your user (not root).

Also, are you running this as a system job (job file lives in /etc/init/ ?) If so, do you really need the service to run as root? If not, see:

http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/#run-a-job-as-a-different-user

if this is a do you really need to run that service as the root user?

Finally, I would highly recommend taking a look at the rest of the Upstart Cookbook:

HTML version: http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/
PDF version: http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/upstart_cookbook.pdf


What is "camera:/" when I connect my Camera to Kubuntu?

The 'camera:/' is a KDE kio/kio-slave/protocol. More:

KIO

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIO

  KIO (acronym of KDE Input/Output) is system library incorporated into
  KDE Frameworks 5 and KDE Software Compilation 4. It provides access to
  files, web sites and other resources through a single consistent
  API. Applications, such as Konqueror and Dolphin,...

Camera

http://api.kde.org/4.x-api/kdelibs-apidocs/solid/html/classSolid_1_1Camera.html#_details

  This device interface is available on digital camera devices.

  A digital camera is a device used to transform images into data.
  Nowaday most digital cameras are multifunctional and able to take
  photographs, video or sound. On the system side they are a particular
  type of device holding data, the access method can be different from
  the typical storage device

http://www.gphoto.org/doc/manual/using-kde.html

  Open konqueror, enter camera:/ into the URL bar. You can then select
  the camera (USB cameras are autodetected) and descend into the camera
  filesystem like any other UNIX directory.


According to this answer right here, Ubuntu reserves 5% of the disk space for the root user. Now, do this:

120 x .05 = 6

that's the space reserved for the root user, and is not touched unless the root user (includes daemons running as root) uses some space. And if you add your free space:

6 + .3 = 6.3

In other words, file manager tells you the space available for your user, the disk analyzer tells you space available physically and overall, regardless of the user.


mobile broadband not appearing on system menu

i tried generating an automated test and mobile broadband is missing some modules. seems like it's not yet fully supported.


How to convert the files in an audio playlist to one large audio file?

If they are all in the same directory, you can just cat them to the output file.

cat *.mp3 > output.mp3

If the file names do not reflect the order that they appear in the playlist follow this tutorial to rename them accordingly.

To read the contents of the playlist file and then cat each song in turn,

while read -r line; do cat "$line"; done < playlist.m3u > output.mp3

Note that this will give you one mp3 file containing all the songs, the metadata will probably not be correct. The output file will play fine though. (I've just tried it).


While I admire you trying to do this through command line, and I wish I could, I can't. Instead I'd suggest:
Download grub installation online

  sudo apt-get install usb-creator-kde && sudo usb-creator-kde

Change Cd-Drive/Image to your grub installation, select your USB Drive below, select your other options, and hit 'Make Startup Disk'

Now wait for it, as it may take up to 75 minutes depending on your computer, and once it is done, close The USB-Startup-Disk-Creator, and eject the USB. There ya go!


Uninstall a package that I have installed using a .sh script

I had long time ago also installed Netbeans using the scripts and package provided on their web site.

In my case, the software was installed below /opt/netbeans-<version>, so I had just to remove this directory and the program was gone as he had no need of startup scripts or whatsoever.

If you want to keep the projects you're made with previous version, don't touch to the $HOME/.netbeans directory, it can be re-used by any new version, even if installed using the Ubuntu package manager.


I am not able to see the menu bar of VLC media player

Use this command in terminal:

  vlc -Iqt4 --reset-config --reset-plugins-cach

Try to do clean re-installation of vlc:

  sudo apt-get purge vlc

  rm -r ~/.config/vlc

  rm -r ~/.cache/vlc

then again install:

  sudo apt-get install vlc


Downgrade PHP Version from 5.5 to 5.4 on Ubuntu 14.04

Install Apache+fcgid+php5.4

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get remove --purge `dpkg -l | grep php | grep -w 5.5 | awk '{print $2}' | xargs`
sudo apt-get purge apache2 php5 libapache2-mod-php5
sudo sed -i.bak "s/trusty/precise/g" /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apache2 apache2-suexec libapache2-mod-fcgid php5-cgi
sudo apt-get install php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl php5-xdebug
sudo sed -i "s/precise/trusty/g" /etc/apt/sources.list
dpkg --get-selections | egrep '^(apache|php)' | sed 's/install/hold/g' | sudo dpkg --set-selections
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install  mysql-client mysql-server phpmyadmin

Then continue setting up the environment as here: http://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-set-up-apache2-with-mod_fcgid-and-php5-on-ubuntu-12.04


Installing GNOME Shell extentions using apt or apt-get? Is it possible?

Some extensions indeed are packaged in the standard Ubuntu software repositories. These can be installed using apt get, Synaptic Package Manager and even using Snap Software. The selection, however, of extensions packaged in the Ubuntu software repositories is relatively small.
The names of the packages typically start with gnome-shell-extension, so you can have an idea of what is standard available with the command
apt search gnome-shell-extension

or browse though them in Synaptic package manager after searching the term. If an extension you are after is not available in the Ubuntu Software repositories, you have no option than to install it in a different way, either through the website or by a manual install.
System wide extensions versus locally installed extensions
Extensions installed using apt are installed for all users. They are not enabled by default. Each user can enable or disable the extension individually. Ubuntu 20.04 comes with a dedicated utility "Extensions" that allows to enable or disable a Gnome Shell extension. Users of older Ubuntu versions can install "Tweaks" to enable/disable extensions.
Extensions installed using the Gnome Extensions website are installed for the user only. Only the current user "sees" it and can enable/disable it.
As a general rule, it is preferred to install gnome shell extensions using the Ubuntu PPA. These extensions have been packaged by the Ubuntu developpers, and have been tested to work with your system.
Extensions installed from the Gnome Extensions website may with a future update not work correctly anymore on your system. Note also that this is not directly supported in a default Ubuntu install: you are required to install some additional software before you can install from the Gnome Shell extensions website.


Build Ubuntu removing the unnecessary applications

Removing these apps does not remove the dependencies and hence take up space.

By running apt-get purge <packagename> you remove a package including is configuration files and following this by a apt-get autoremove will completely remove all unused dependencies of your system.

While you might have some fun in building your own distro, it will definitely be more work than simply removing the dependencies you don't need.

You have to ask yourself, if your final system will be closer to a linux kernel (then start from there and add the software you need, lots of work), or if your final system is closer to Ubuntu (then start from there and remove packages + dependencies).


Ubuntu 16.04 freezes after login except with nomodeset

I fixed the problem. Here's what I did exactly:

Since this happened after installing Ubuntu 16.04, and because nvidia drivers got messed up (as I was trying to solve the problem), I decided to reinstall Ubuntu again and try another solution.

I installed Ubuntu
With my new clean installation, I opened the GRUB menu by pressing the right shift key on reboot.
In the GRUB menu, I browsed with arrow keys to Ubuntu, press e to edit the boot parameters.
I browsed to the line starting with linux, and added nomodeset after quiet splash. Then pressed F10 to boot.
Now I could log in using my user account, I entered the password and got access to my desktop.
I searched for System Settings in the launcher, then Software & Updates, I set download from to Main Server. Then opened Additional Drivers tab, and checked one of the Nvidia (Proprietary, tested) drivers.
It took a very long time for Applying changes to finish (about an hour), and once it finished, I rebooted as normal (without nomodeset), and this time I could access to my user account.

Hope this helps others.


Bluetooth settings won't open Ubuntu 20.04

Try to run these 2 commands in your terminal :

sudo rmmod btusb
sudo modprobe btusb

This should probably fix your issue.


What does priority mean in `update-alternatives`?

From man update-alternatives:

Each alternative has a priority associated with it.  When a link  group  is  in  automatic
mode,  the  alternatives  pointed  to by members of the group will be those which have the
highest priority.

It can be any integer, even negative (see example in manpage).

If the alternative is set manually, priority has no relation to the default.


You could just define the function in the ~/.*rc file of each of the shells you use. Or you could make a new file for that function and other shell functions that you want to use in all shells... for example...

nano shell-functions

I define my function inside the file...

hi() { echo "How are you $1?" ; }

save and exit, then I edit my ~/.bashrc and ~/.zshrc and at the end of each of them add the line:

source shell-functions

or just

. shell-functions

Which does the same thing.

After editing my ~/.*rc files, I open a new shell and the function is available:

$ bash
$ hi zanna
how are you zanna ?
$ zsh
% hi zanna
how are you zanna ?

The source command reads files and executes commands from them in the current shell (unlike when you run a script like ./script which executes the script in a new shell). In this case, you want to define a function for the shell being opened so you want to source the file that contains it to make it available in the shell. If you look in your ~/.profile you can see an example of one configuration file sourcing another like this:

# if running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    # include .bashrc if it exists
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
        . "$HOME/.bashrc"

So the default ~/.profile sources ~/.bashrc in Ubuntu. You can also test out source by making a file, let's call it file1, with some command in it like (for bash) PS1='I messed up my prompt ' save, exit, then in the shell type source file1 and you will see the effect (open a new shell (for example type bash or open a new terminal window) and everything will be back to normal)...


AMD graphic which is not supported by ubuntu 16.04.

I think you're talking about fglrx being deprecated in 16.04. Fglrx is a very old AMD driver, notable for bad performance, and being pretty buggy. It is deprecated on both sides: it won't work with newer xserver version because of ABI change, and AMD themselves considering the driver legacy.

  if there is any other solution to fix this graphic problem. please give the solution.

Yes, just use the default open source driver. For now this driver being actively developed by AMD, so you may count this as an official driver by AMD. AFAIK for newer cards there's also new AMDGPU driver, which is open-sourced too. If you're into experimentation, you could try adding a PPA with development versions of drivers — but it is, of course, unstable.

You may read the discussion about the deprecation here.


samba share as download location for firefox (12.04)

It looks like this is a bug with GTK, that has now been patched:

https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=586367

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/firefox/+bug/697440

I'm not sure which version of gtk you're on, but maybe updating will fix the issue, though you may need to update Ubuntu to something more recent than 12.04.


How to install icinga on Ubuntu 12.04 & Monitor remote host?

Installing the neccessary software

Lets start with installing dbconfig-common. This package is used during the installation of the remaining software to ask the user questions about database access

apt-get install dbconfig-common

Now install the Icinga and Iciga-Idoutils packages, this should install a whole lot of dependencies as well

apt-get install python-software-properties
add-apt-repository ppa:formorer/icinga
apt-get update

Installing icinga

apt-get install icinga icinga-idoutils mysql-server libdbd-mysql mysql-client

During the installation you’ll need to provide parameters for Postfix choose the default Internet site and the password of your MySQL root user. Be sure to provide valid answers because the information will be written to several files and changing them afterwards is annoying.

Now the first part is done and you should already be able to access your Icinga installation at http://yourhostname.com/icinga with the username ‘icingaadmin’ and the password you entered during installation.

                         Configuring idoutils and ido2db

To enable ido2db, edit /etc/default/icinga and set IDO2DB to ‘yes’ .

BUG  if you are installing icinga 1.7.1 ++ you need to create a file manually

    cd /etc/icinga/modules
    nano idoutils.cfg

Now paste the following lines .

define module{
        module_name     idomod
        module_type     neb
        path            /usr/lib/icinga/idomod.so
        args            config_file=/etc/icinga/idomod.cfg
        }

For Safe Side also do

ln -s /usr/lib/icinga/idomod.so /usr/sbin/

UPDATED

nano /etc/default/icinga

Edit IDO2DB=no to yes

IDO2DB=yes

And Run

/etc/init.d/ido2db start
/etc/init.d/icinga restart

look in /var/log/syslog

                                                   Configuring Icinga to send email

Edit

nano /etc/icinga/objects/contacts_icinga.cfg

Change

root@localhost to your-email-address

                                            Icinga-Web

add-apt-repository ppa:formorer/icinga-web
apt-get update
apt-get install icinga-web

http://yourhostname.com/icinga-web

Done

                      Monitoring Remote Host From Your Server

  The only think you need to install on remote server is nrpe & nagios-plugins

In this example my remote host is a freeBSD server which i want to monitor remotely

pkg_add -r nagios-plugins nrpe

In the /etc/rc.conf file, add a line to enable the nrpe2 daemon.

nrpe2_enable="YES"

Configuration

In the /usr/local/etc directory, copy the nrpe.cfg-sample file to a file named nrpe.cfg. Use the chmod u+x nrpe.cfg command to add write permissions for the root user.

Open the file in a text editor, and look for the allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1 line. points to the address of your Nagios server.

allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,icinga-server-ip

Start the NRPE daemon.

/usr/local/etc/rc.d/nrpe2 start

                                  Now back to Icinga Server

cd /etc/icinga/objects

Edit

nano localhost_icinga.cfg

define host{
        use                     generic-host            ; Name of host template to use
        host_name               localhost
        alias                   localhost
        address                 127.0.0.1
        }

Add another host under it. FreeBSD Server

define host{
        use                     generic-host            ; Name of host template to use
        host_name               FreeBSD
        alias                   FreeBSD
        address                 ip-address-of-FreeBSD-server
        }

  Now at every service define your host seperated by " , " localhost,FreeBSD

host_name      localhost,FreeBSD ; 2 hostname may be more depend of host you define

Example For One Service

define service{
        use                             generic-service         ; Name of service template to use
        host_name                       localhost,FreeBSD
        service_description             Disk Space
        check_command                   check_all_disks!20%!10%
        }

Now Edit  hostgroups_icinga.cfg for monitoring HTTP & SSH

nano hostgroups_icinga.cfg

define hostgroup {
        hostgroup_name  http-servers
                alias           HTTP servers
                members         localhost,FreeBSD
        }

# A list of your ssh-accessible servers
define hostgroup {
        hostgroup_name  ssh-servers
                alias           SSH servers
                members         localhost,FreeBSD
        }

Now restart icinga

/etc/init.d/icinga restart

Now go to http://yourhostname.com/icinga OR http://yourhostname.com/icinga-web monitor your remote host from Ubuntu

Help

http://www.meier.ws/2012/02/icinga-1-6-as-a-monitoring-solution-on-ubuntu-12-04-part-1-installation/ Page not found | Homepage von Michael Meier. Way Back Machine

Installing NRPE on FreeBSD 9.0

Setting up Icinga with IDOUtils on Ubuntu - HowTos - Icinga Wiki

Update

  BUG icinga is not sending emails .

  Edit your /ets/hosts file & if should look like this

127.0.0.1  localhost xxxx-host-xxx
xxx.xx.xx  localhost xxxx-host-xxx FreeBSD


Android emulator not responding to physical keyboard on Xubuntu 16.04

It turns out this is a focus problem. Android emulator does not receive proper focus when clicked upon. I have found two solutions for this so far:

Clicking on the three dots on the bar on the right and closing the settings window right after, gives correct focus to the emulator and the physical keyboard works properly until the user switches to some other app. Upon returning to the emulator, the same procedure has to be followed.
In Xubuntu settings, allowing focus to follow mouse position also does the job.

May 28, 2018 UPDATE:

I was forced to recreate the android emulator from scratch since the previous one was not working properly. The newly created emulator does not receive focus no matter what I do, so this answer is no longer valid. It doesn't receive focus even if I use wmctrl -a.

If anyone else has found a way to force focus on Android Emulator, please share it.


It worked. I was able to partition the hard drive without any trouble. Found my files. And downloaded them onto the fresh ubuntu partition.

Onwards to remove the old partition!

(Thanks to Lucio for letting me answer my question)


Mount a secondary partition to r/w with Fast boot enabled

Due to the way Windows handles Fast Boot, there really is no solution other then to disable fast boot.

There is a discussion here - Why disable Fast Boot on Windows 8 when having dual booting?

and various windows sites - http://www.howtogeek.com/243901/the-pros-and-cons-of-windows-10s-fast-startup-mode/

Scroll down on that page a bit

  When you shut down a computer with Fast Startup enabled, Windows locks
  down the Windows hard disk. You won’t be able to access it from other
  operating systems if you have your computer configured to dual-boot.
  Even worse, if you boot into another OS and then access or change
  anything on the hard disk (or partition) that the hibernating Windows
  installation uses, it can cause corruption. If you’re dual booting,
  it’s best not to use Fast Startup or Hibernation at all.

It is irrelevant what partition you are using so it affects all partitions windows uses, both the primary installation partition (C:) and data partitions will be affected.


Challenges to creating and using swap files

fsck
To check/repair your file system...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

swap
To create a 4G /swapfile...
Note: Incorrect use of the dd command can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
Boot to Recovery Mode...
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm ??G RAM and 4G swap
reboot                    # reboot and verify operation

Confirm this line in /etc/fstab...
Note: Confirm that this is the only line that contains "swap".
/swapfile    none    swap    sw      0   0

Update #1:
Go to https://www.memtest86.com/ and download/run their free memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass of all the 4/4 tests to confirm good memory. This may take many hours to complete.