A server is just a machine that provides some sort of service.

If you want to have a web server, that serves a webpage or some files, you can simply install an application server like Apache or Nginx.

So first get your Ubuntu installed and then install and configure Apache (or other).

To install Apache is as simple as:

sudo apt-get install apache2

Then on your web browser navigate to http://localhost/ or http://server-ip-address/.

If you plan on having a more "complex" server with an application server, a relational database and PHP for example, that is called a LAMP server (Linux Apache Mysql PHP), and you can read all about that here Help Ubuntu.


How do I properly install a python app that is not packaged (and without installer)

You don't actually have to "install" the app. Python apps are interpreted, which means the source code is pretty much executable.

In order to run the source code, for a file that is in ~/AppName/ called AppName.py, you can open a command line and just type

python ~/AppName/AppName.py

And that will launch your Application in whatever version of python came with your version of Ubuntu. You can turn this into a desktop shortcut pretty easily... But I'm not in Ubuntu right now, so I can't give you precise instructions, sorry about that.

Put the files wherever you want, as long as you can navigate to the path and have permissions there.
You probably don't need to change any permissions.
This should be pretty easy, but I'm not in linux right now, so hopefully somebody else will edit this part in... sorry.
Nothing else. You didn't install it, so just remove the files and the shortcut you made, and it will be gone. Upgrading might involve upgrading python, but probably won't.


How can I write to stderr so that stderred colours it red?

If you look at stderred's README, you'll note that it modifies the write() function (and associated stream functions):

  stderred hooks on write() and a family of stream functions (fwrite,
  fprintf, error...) from libc in order to colorize all stderr output
  that goes to terminal thus making it distinguishable from stdout.
  Basically it wraps text that goes to file with descriptor "2" with
  proper ANSI escape codes making text red.

Emphasis mine.

When you redirect stdout to stderr, they point to the same thing, true. However, the function calls that wrote to stdout still refer to it as stdout, no matter what redirection you do. They still access file descriptor 1, not 2.

If you want to write to stderr, and have it coloured, normal shell redirection will not suffice. You'll need to use something that writes directly to stderr. The awk function in the similar Unix & Linux post can be adapted to work with multiple arguments:

error () (
  IFS=' '
  awk -v msg="$*" 'BEGIN { print msg > "/dev/stderr" }'
)

I used /dev/stderr since that's easier to read and mentioned in the GNU awk docs. Also note that I have used ( ) instead of { } for command grouping. This causes the commands to be run in a subshell, so I can safely modify IFS without the calling shell or script being affected.

References:

Terminal codes (ANSI/VT100) introduction on the Bash Hackers' Wiki
ANSI escape codes on Wikipedia


What do I do for dependencies installing wine1.7 on 14.04

It seems that you are missing i386 support. You might want to try adding it.

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine


Ubuntu 20.04 - not able to change desktop icon - black and white

I had the same problem and solved it casually simply enabling dock hiding in Settings -> Appearance.


I was finally able to solve this one on my own.

As revealed trough apt-file, the missing library is part of the libqt5xml5 package:

alex@Sargon:~$ apt-file search libQt5Xml.so.5
libqt5xml5: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Xml.so.5
libqt5xml5: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Xml.so.5.2
libqt5xml5: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Xml.so.5.2.1

So to solve the problem I just had to go with sudo apt-get install libqt5xml5. After that, the issue was solved.


It's not all that ready to understand what you are saying you found that's 25GB, but usually it's not packages that will be taking up your disk space.

You want a way to look over your directory structure to see where the storage space us being used.  You can't install packages for GUI representation, so that presumably means using command line stuff that will already be present.  Try this command which will list the biggest files and directories in order by size:

du -max / | grep -P '^\d{3}' | sort -th

The numbers are the size in megabytes.

Hopefully you'll spot some big stuff that you can do without.


Remove all picture Metadata except for one

Figured it out finally:

exiftool -all= -tagsFromFile @ -*date* *.jpg


Why is the file /var/crash/_usr_lib_empathy_empathy-chat.1000.upload empty?

This is happening because there is a new default workflow for crashes in stable (i.e., non-development) releases. Instead of asking you to file a bug report with the crash data, the crash data are sent to a server where they are statistically analyzed.

See this question for more information, including rationale and details.

There are a few ways to restore the old behavior, if you wish to. Some are described here and others here. If you want to restore the old behavior of reporting crashes manually by filing Launchpad bugs (even in a stable release)--and there are many reasons you may want to do this, if you're willing to put in the effort to file a good bug report--then I recommend this particular technique:

  It works to edit /etc/apport/crashdb.conf and add Crash to the
  problem_types: ['Bug', 'Package', 'Crash']


This was due to bug-report #1576455 "SRU KDE-language-packages-mismatch". Even though it took a longer while, the subject should have been settled by now.

The packages were stuck quite a while in the "proposed-queue". It's not the dutch language alone, but any language was affected. So the packages should arrive now via normal updates. Even during installation, if option was ticked as valid.


I regularly resize using a application called 'gparted'.  It is available in a 'ISO' from the following URL --> https://sourceforge.net/projects/gparted/ .  I do not have any dual boot systems and certainly not with one being Windows but I have had great luck with it.  It is capable and I have had zero problems with it in Resizing and/or Enlarging Partitions.
I have for many years used this app by burning the Bootable ISO image to a CD. Recently I have put the image on a USB Thumb Drive.

I feel that it would work for you, given the Linux is after the Windows, on the drive.  This app is a great open source program.  As to what it might do to your Windows stuff I proffer no advice whatsoever.  It should not create any problems but not sure about the validation thingy ; - ))
Robert


A bad sector on a drive is a sign of permanent damage to the drive.  Unless you have reason to believe that your drive marked these sectors as bad incorrectly, you cannot "fix" them.

It means that a part of your drive is damaged to the extent that it can no longer reliably be read from and/or written to.

Your system can continue to use the drive by marking that sector as unusable, but you might consider a drive replacement anyway, as a bad sector can be a sign that more sectors, or the whole drive, might fail soon.

While there may be ways to force the drive to un-mark a sector as bad, allowing you to use it again, this is likely not a good idea.  The sector may stay good, but it will just as likely become bad again.  Some data may be lost or corrupted depending on how it fails.

Now, as for the error message you've pasted in your question (as of my writing this), that error has nothing to do with bad sectors.  It means that you don't have access to the drive.  Being sudo can give you access, so:

sudo fsck /dev/sdb

However, this is still probably not what you want, because /dev/sdb refers to the entire drive, whereas fsck is designed to work on filesystems, which are usually (but not always, and you may have an exception here) placed in partitions.  If the above didn't work, you may instead have wanted to do this to the 1st partition on that drive:

sudo fsck /dev/sdb1

You can get a list of partitions per drive with:

sudo fdisk -l


You have to logout from your current session or reboot and then:

if you are using GDM3 - select your login name and then click on gear  button and select needed session:

if you are using LighDM - click on circle  button and select needed session:

Notes:

GNOME FlashBack is usually installed by sudo apt-get install gnome-session-flashback
One can switch between GDM3 and LightDM using sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3 or sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm (install it first with sudo apt-get install lightdm if not installed)


How to read the current bad blocks list for the disk?

To answer the question as asked: if /dev/sda1 is already formatted ext3/ext4 then

dumpe2fs -b /dev/sda1

will list the blocks which have been reserved as "bad" when the filesystem was created.

The disk itself does not reports bad blocks to the host unless it has exhaused its capacity to reallocate them.

Modern hard disks, i.e. those manufactured in the last two decades, will manage the list of bad blocks internally. When they come out of the factory they have a number of spare blocks; when a bad block is detected a spare block is used instead. The number of reallocated blocks is reported in the SMART parameters. If a modern hard disk reports bad blocks to the host this means that the available spare blocks have been exhausted and the hard disk is on its last legs.


What do you mean with 100%?
100% Its that...100% If you access to Sound Settings, There is a place where you can "Amplify" overpass 100% and get more "louder",  but is over level.
In same way, you can look at VLC where It's a volume level, that's 100% and you can amplify this to %200, but, is just that.
I recomend you a good pair of speaker system, or may be a nice pair of earphone to get better sound.

If you are over Level, you got a distortion of real sound.


will 32 bit ubuntu 16.04 be wiped out if i install 64 bit ubuntu 16.04

You would have to create a different partition for and alternate Operating System.  You can do this manually or allow the installer to create the new partition by splitting the space you're already using.
To do the latter, run the Install process the same way you did when you originally installed the 32bit version.  Then choose the option Install Alongside Other OS
The install process will give you a graphic screen where you can use a slider to determine how big for you want allocate for Linux.
Your current 32 bit installation would be over written if you choose to install on the same partition as it.  I'll overwrite the system files, but leave your /home folder.  This latter choice would leave you with one OS, the 64-bit version along with the files that you have in your /home/username folder.
The installation details from the official Canonical Site are here.
Creating the Live boot media
Steps for creating a USB or DVD installer are below.  Some people find one of the methods easier than the other.  But they both work fine.
Making a USB installer

1: Insert the USB stick with at least 2GB of space.
2: Type Startup Disk Creator in the Ubuntu Search Button and start the Creator   app.
3: (a) In the CD-Drive/Image field of the program select the ISO image.
   (b) In the Disk to use field select the USB device.
4: Click the Make Startup Disk button and follow the prompts.

Details are here.
Making a DVD installer
While there are many CD/DVD creators I use Brasero.
You can install it from the repository with:
$ apt install brasero

Once installed, perform these steps:

1: Insert a blank DVD into the drive.
2: Type brasero in the Ubuntu Search Button and launch the app.
3: Click Burn Image
4: Select the ISO image for the Select a disk image to write field.
5: Select your Blank DVD disc for the Select a disc to write to field.
6: Click Burn and follow the prompts.


Problem to install Eclipse on Ubuntu 15.04

Update

Instead using the next steps, you could also use the new Eclipse Installer, and have a look at this answer.

Check your Java installation with

java -version

you should see something like this

java version "1.8.0_60"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_60-b27)
Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM (build 25.60-b23, mixed mode)

If necessary install Java

sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk

Remove your Eclipse installation
Download a newer version of eclipse here, eg. Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers 64-bit.
Extract the archive

Replace the filename id necessary

sudo tar xf eclipse-jee-mars-R-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt

Create a desktop file

nano ~/.local/share/applications/eclipse.desktop

and add the configuration below

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Eclipse JEE
Comment=Eclipse Integrated Development Environment
Icon=eclipse
Exec=/opt/eclipse/eclipse
StartupNotify=true
StartupWMClass=Eclipse-JEE

12 Oct 2015 - Update with regards to eclipse.desktop: The value for icon in eclipse.desktop should be path to icon.xpm instead of just eclipse. In my case, the absolute path was /opt/eclipse/icon.xpm.
Start eclipse via your launcher

Tested in 15.04 as VM and in a native 15.04 installation.


Why my Ubuntu 13.04 is booting so slow and fails many time?

I'm somewhat new to Ubuntu, but in general, for most Linux systems,

gedit /var/log/dmesg

or use a file manager like nautilus to navigate to that folder for this plain ordinary text file. Use the editor's Search/Find feature for words like "fail" or "error" if the logfile is really long. This is a good place to begin, if you are looking for problems during bootup. There are other logs in that directory you can check as well, but IMHO & experience, dmesg has been more often than not the best indicator to point me in the right direction.


Downgraded from libreoffice 5.4.x to go back to 5.1.x now I can't run any libreoffice program

sudo apt-get install libreoffice-common

installed only a few packages but not the applications (Base, Calc, Writer, ...) of the LibreOffice project.
What you want to do is

sudo apt-get install libreoffice


apache RedirectMatch on help.ubuntu.com not redirecting in all cases

In RedirectMatch (and AliasMatch), the regex is matched against the URL. It doesn't have to match the whole of the URL, unless anchored to do so using ^ and $. So, yes, your suggestion:

RedirectMatch permanent ^/(stable|lts|20\.04)/(serverguide/.+\.html) https://ubuntu.com/server/docs
RedirectMatch permanent ^/(stable|lts|20\.04)/(serverguide/.+\.pdf) https://assets.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server-guide

will match  both /20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html.fr and /20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html. It will also match /20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html.frfoobar, but then agin, the original version did as well.

It's not that difficult to test if you have Docker installed:

Get the docker image and the Apache conf:

docker run --rm httpd:2.4-alpine cat /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf > my-httpd.conf

Edit my-httpd.conf to have AllowOveride All in the <Directory "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs"> block
Create your htaccess files:

mkdir foo
cat > foo/.htaccess <<EOF
RedirectMatch permanent ^/(stable|lts|20\.04)/(serverguide/.+\.html) https://ubuntu.com/server/docs
RedirectMatch permanent ^/(stable|lts|20\.04)/(serverguide/.+\.pdf) https://assets.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server-guide
EOF

Create some test cases:

cat > urls <<EOF
localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html.fr
localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html
localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/serverguide.pdf
localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/serverguide.pdf.fr
localhost:8080/foo/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.htmlbar
EOF

Run apache:

docker run -d --name apache -p 8080:80 -v $PWD/my-httpd.conf:/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf -v $PWD/foo:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ httpd:2.4-alpine

Test your URLs against this local apache server:

% xargs -ta urls  -n1 curl -sI
curl -sI localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html.fr
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 15:58:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.43 (Unix)
Location: https://ubuntu.com/server/docs
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

curl -sI localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.html
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 15:58:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.43 (Unix)
Location: https://ubuntu.com/server/docs
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

curl -sI localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/serverguide.pdf
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 15:58:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.43 (Unix)
Location: https://assets.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server-guide
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

curl -sI localhost:8080/20.04/serverguide/serverguide.pdf.fr
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 15:58:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.43 (Unix)
Location: https://assets.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server-guide
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

curl -sI localhost:8080/foo/20.04/serverguide/remote-administration.htmlbar
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 15:58:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.43 (Unix)
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1


Ubuntu Touch (of Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Edition) freezes when booting up

Yes. The standard recovery image does not permit adb access, so you need to supply one to ubuntu-device-flash which will allow adb to work. This image is a good choice:

http://people.canonical.com/~jhm/barajas/recovery.img

You can then type

ubuntu-device-flash touch --bootstrap --channel ubuntu-touch/stable/bq-aquaris.en --recovery-image recovery.img

Which will reset your phone (including a data wipe!) to factory state.


LDAP accounts not given same rights/permissions/policies as Local accounts

The real issue was missing nscd.

Easily fixed by installing it

sudo apt install nscd


Installation fails with "failed to partition: /cdrom" error

Did you use the normal/recommended tools to make the Ubuntu install usb? It's just a hunch, but have you tried installing Ubuntu from a CD?


How do I prevent CUPS from auto-rotating my PDF?

We had the same problem with a Zebra Z4MPLUS printer using the PPD file from Zebra. The PPD file had 8.00x4.00" as a label size but that did not work for us. Using Custom 4x8in also did not work. We had to create a 4.00x8.00" label size in the PPD file and then select it in Cups. We did this by editing a 4.00x13.00" label size in the PPD which we knew we wouldn't need. Here is a diff original.ppd edited.ppd

40c40
< *DefaultPageSize: Custom.4x8in
---
> *DefaultPageSize: w288h576
80c80
< *PageSize w288h936/4.00x13.00": "<</PageSize[288 936]/ImagingBBox null>>setpagedevice"
---
> *PageSize w288h576/4.00x8.00": "<</PageSize[288 576]/ImagingBBox null>>setpagedevice"
98c98
< *DefaultPageRegion: Custom.4x8in
---
> *DefaultPageRegion: w288h576
138c138
< *PageRegion w288h936/4.00x13.00": "<</PageSize[288 936]/ImagingBBox null>>setpagedevice"
---
> *PageRegion w288h576/4.00x8.00": "<</PageSize[288 576]/ImagingBBox null>>setpagedevice"
154c154
< *DefaultImageableArea: Custom.4x8in
---
> *DefaultImageableArea: w288h576
194c194
< *ImageableArea w288h936/4.00x13.00": "0.00 0.00 288.00 936.00"
---
> *ImageableArea w288h576/4.00x8.00": "0.00 0.00 288.00 576.00"
209c209
< *DefaultPaperDimension: Custom.4x8in
---
> *DefaultPaperDimension: w288h576
249c249
< *PaperDimension w288h936/4.00x13.00": "288.00 936.00"
---
> *PaperDimension w288h576/4.00x8.00": "288.00 576.00"


Looking over fslint on github, it appears to be a python2 project with a few dependencies based upon the version of fslint you have installed. It specifically calls out the following for version 2.4:

GTK      >= 2.4
python   >= 2.6
libglade >= 2.4
pygtk2   >= 2.4

However, the latest PyGTK package I could find on pypi was version 2.24.  You can easily install that with:

pip install pygtk

Additionally, you could also install version 2.24 from the Ubuntu repository with:

sudo apt install python-gtk2

I'm running Ubuntu 18.04 and looking at fslint in the Ubuntu repository it shows:

  Depends: python (>= 2.3), python-gtk2 (>= 2.4), python-glade2, findutils (>= 4.1.1)

As a last resort, you could do a sudo apt install fslint or individually apt install the above dependencies.  I would attempt the pip install first before apt but it's there as an option.  Hope that helps point you in the right direction.


First of all run  apt-get autoremove  after that run  df -h  to check your disk space if your free disk space is more than 500 mb then run   apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -f  these command will resolve your issue.

Run all the command as root user


Why "maybe-ubiquity" on default kernel command line?

AFAIK this param resides in the DEFAULT commandline after one has installed the system from a LiveCD/DVD image.
Ubiquity is an installer system Ubuntu uses on the live systems, there seems to be a bug that keeps this param also in the default commandline after installation.
I think it's safe to remove from GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT.


Any app that tells me to take regular breaks from working?

WorkRave is probably what you want

  Workrave is a program that assists in the recovery and prevention of
  Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI). The program frequently alerts you to
  take micro-pauses, rest breaks and restricts you to your daily limit.

More screenshots


Ubuntu will not be installable on a non-POSIX filesystem. exFat lacks the basic system a Linux system will depend on, like user ID, group ID, mask. If there is a way to install a Linux system on exFat I doubt we could call it a Linux system; it would be something new.

Besides that: exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table) is a Microsoft file system optimized for flash drives. It is proprietary and patented. There is no way anyone related to Linux will want to pay fees for a filesystem if there are alternatives that are not only free but can be altered and improved to our liking.


How do I reset gnome font configuration?

Ubuntu 16.04 and after
gconftool-2 has been superseeded by gsettings on Ubuntu 16.04+ and in other GNOME based systems.
Nowadays you can simply run the following in a terminal window to reset all your desktop font settings:
gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface font-name
gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface document-font-name
gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface monospace-font-name
gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences titlebar-font
gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor

In versions prior to Ubuntu 20.04 (16.04 to 19.10) also nautilus desktop font settings could be adjusted. To reset it run:
gsettings reset org.gnome.nautilus.desktop font

Hope it helps.


Saving deb files from repositories to a custom location for installing offline

You can save all the deb files with dependencies using the following command

sudo apt-get --download-only install packagename

And the files will be stored under /var/cache/apt/archives

If you need to download Ubuntu packages using another machine or OS, check the desired packages in Synaptic and select File > Generate package download script.
You can download 32 bit and 64 bit packages for offline installation here.

Note:
First run apt-get clean, so that the directory will be empty. then if you want (say) a2ps package and all dependencies, you should type
sudo apt-get --download-only install a2ps.The packages will be stored in /var/cache/apt/archives.You can use this for offline installation.

You can also download packages for offline installation in the below site,
http://packages.ubuntu.com/


Ubuntu 16.04 MSI Steelseries keyboard doesnt work properly

List IM modules:

env | grep -i -e im -e lang

Set all ibus to xim. For example:

export GTK_IM_MODULE=xim


Trying to Install Ubuntu 12.04 need help

Follow the below steps:

Boot into windows
Right click on computer and click on manage.
Select Disk Management in Storage
Select your DATA partition and shrink it to the amount you want to allocate to Ubuntu.
Right click the new space that has just showed up and click on delete volume.

Now you can boot into ubuntu live CD and use that space to install the OS.

I'm assuming you know how to manually partition the space to install the OS.


Zram decompression failed with new kernels

I'm pretty sure this is caused by cpu of the device. This is apparently a known bug for arm cpu, and on an 18.04 Intel i5 it works, but on an Intel core duo T5250 it no longer works, both with same kernel and settings. Only solution would be to test preproduction kernels in hope they fix it for obscure hardware.


why skype installs only older version on ubuntu 12.04?

you can uninstall existing skype application using these commands:

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge skype

remove or rename the hidden ~/.Skype folder, this were all you subscription data are stored, use this command:

mv .Skype .Skype.bak

Then double-click on the downloaded .deb file to open it in the Ubuntu Software Center and install it like any other software.

Afterwards, also run the following command in the terminal to ensure that support for the indicator menu is available:

sudo apt-get install sni-qt:i386


What you have on your motherboard is fake raid. This essentially relies on software on the host OS, to support it. ISW is Intel Software Raid.

On Ubuntu this is called dmraid, and can be installed with

sudo apt-get install dmraid

This will install dmraid. Next, ask dmraid to assemble the drives:

sudo dmraid -a

Now you should be able to see a new device with sudo lsblk, which you can mount in the normal way.

Dmraid will run on each boot, and assemble the devices by default, so you can add the new device to /etc/fstab to automatically mount it during boot.

In general, don't use fakeraid. Use mdadm on Linux. The load is handled by the CPU anyway, and with mdadm it's standardized and will work on any computer, with or without chipset support.


Open Package Manager (Synaptic) and see if that kernel is still present in repository:

linux-image-2.6.32-25-generic-pae

If exists you can install it, along with newest kernel, and at boot time you can select "Previous Linux versions", then the 2.6.32-25 version. You could also completely delete the 2.6.32-34, however it's not a good idea as it's supposed to be better than old.

If the kernel is not in repository, the installation procedure is more difficult, and I would not go that way.


Try this

$ rm -rvf /var/lib/apt/list*

$ sudo apt-get update


How can I remove all default installed games?

I received a "Virtual packages like 'gnome-games-common' can't be removed" whenever I tried Reda Lazri's solution on 12.04 LTS; ended up using:

sudo apt-get purge aisleriot gnome-sudoku mahjongg ace-of-penguins gnomine gbrainy


VLC should be able to play VCD. Command line: /usr/bin/vlc vcd:// or from within VLC: media, open disc:

Try and find out if you get any errors while doing this command line. Maybe you need some extra codecs.

For i386 install codecs:

sudo apt-get install w32codecs libdvdcss2

For amd64 install codecs:

sudo apt-get install w64codecs libdvdcss2

(but these might already be installed on your system)


Plymouth manager boot splash screen only during shutdown and not during Restart

Maybe the driver is not yet loaded when it is supposed to run. If so, this may fix that:

echo FRAMEBUFFER=y | sudo tee /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash
sudo update-initramfs -u

This wasn't enough for Ubuntustudio 13.10. In addition to the commands above:

In /etc/default/grub change GFXMODE=1280x1024 (my screen resolution)

Also, in /etc/grub.d/00_header insert set gfxpayload=keep on the line after set gfxmode={GRUB_GFXMODE}

Save each file and then run:

sudo update-grub


How to replace an old version of Ubuntu with a newer one from USB/DVD?

The first thing you should do is backup your data.

Then download the iso of 12.04
burn it on a disk or usb.
After that you can boot in the live CD/USB and select install
During the installation you will be prompt either to replace or upgrade
Select Erase Ubuntu 11.10 and reinstall.


Backup partition table before any changes, so you can get back to current if changes not correct, change example with sda to your drive if not sda.
sudo sfdisk -d /dev/sda > PT_sda.txt

So you know sectors:
sudo parted /dev/sda unit s print

If you post above in question, we can give more detail.
Fix overlapping partition error srs5694 Post #34
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1667614
http://www.rodsbooks.com/missing-parts/index.html


Is there a way to preserve modified date from a directory if I remove a file from it?

When you remove a file you are changing the containing directory so it is normal that the change time of the directory shows the current time afterwards.

You may 'restore' the change time with the touch command.


Installers asks me to insert CD that is already in tray

perhaps your DVD drive is dodgy? try installing from USB with Unetbootin. Log into Windows or whatever it is your using, point Unetbootin to your ISO and wait. Once done, reset and boot via USB. You will also find this method much faster than CD or DVD


Dual Screen in Ubuntu(One inside the other)!

Look at your System Settings controls.  You can get to the screen options to configure your screens by:

Click on the top right icon in the notification bar (the same one
used for logging out and turning off the computer.
Click System Settings
Click Displays

From there drag your montiors the way they should be.

The controls includes positioning the various monitors, or turning them on or off.  If your system has a bogus one, then use this configuration area to turn off the bogus monitor.

The are other options to get you to better configuration options of your graphics card's features.  Run Additional Drivers.

You can get there by typing "Additional Drivers" for search in Ubuntu's launch button.  Select an alternate driver for your graphics adapter.


Is there a driver for the Kensington VeriMark USB fingerprint key?

So the production you looking at doesn't appear to be out of the box, I own two of these. I have Ubuntu 17.10 running on my laptop. Problem seems to be that the device isn't properly recognized so it's not found by FringerPrint GUI. I think it may be just the process of finding the correct driver but I haven't had any luck as of yet. I do know that the device seems to be using a Synaptics Inc. driver. For other solutions there is a pretty decent list here devices and here devices


To create a bootable USB drive, you need to use a special tool to put the ISO on it. Simply copying and pasting it like a normal file won't work.

You can use dd to do this. Open a terminal and use this command:

lsblk

This will give you a list of your drives. Then use this command:

sudo dd if=/path/to/your/file/here.iso of=/dev/sdX

Replace /dev/sdX with your flash drive and make the if= point to your ISO file.


How to change window opacity using mouse wheel or shortcut in Xfce 4.12?

Got solution from here.
First execute this to disable zoom: xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/zoom_desktop -T
Then adjust opacity using Alt+mouse wheel on window's titlebar.


How to implicitly raise windows under Unity?

If system settings is in the background, and you select it from the system drop down, the icon on the unity launcher will give an indication but it will not open unless no selection has been made from the "all settings" overview window.  It only give this indication once; subsequent selections give no further indication on the Launcher.  Interestingly, if you open systems settings overview but make no further selection before putting it in the background the systems settings will always open.

The fact that this behaviour changes after a further selection is made might be considered a bug though I can't find a bug report matching this description.

To some extent I skipped this bug entirely because I have system settings locked to the launcher and access it that way.  This always works, even if one of the sub-windows is open (the sub-window is closed and the overview window opens).


Switching from Linux Mint 13 to Ubuntu 12.04 - Saving Programs

if I install Ubuntu 12.04, will these programs be deleted?

Yes.

  Is there a way to indicate that I want to keep these programs during the Ubuntu install?

No ...

But you can sort of prepare yourself before deleting Mint. In Ubuntu (probably the same in Mint) you can create a package list of installed software with ...

dpkg --get-selections > /tmp/installed.txt

save "/tmp/installed.txt" to a USB stick, after installing Ubuntu put installed.txt in /tmp/ and you can install the packages that are not yet installed with the normal setup with these 2 commands ...

dpkg --set-selections < /tmp/installed.txt
dselect

Unless you installed packages that are not in the official repositories this should work. Those missing packages you probably need to re-install manually.


Did my 11 month old just ruin my Ubuntu installation via the screen unlock password prompt?

Just to close the loop on the question I opened, this turned out to be an issue with Orca Screen Reader becoming enabled by accident--which can be done from outside of a logged in session.


How can I do a full image backup of my system?

Get yourself a copy of Parted Magic. It is fantastic.


Cannot run sublime text 3 by clicking icon Ubuntu 18.04

Installing libgtk2.0 worked for me:
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0


Available WiFi network not showing..but I have enable Notebook WiFi

Try removing your network module from the Linux kernel. To find your wireless adapter type
lspci | grep "Wireless"
Make sure to get the network adapters  name Then remove the module by typing

modprobe -r [network adapter]

Then add it back by typing

modprobe [network adapter]


If you have xubuntu's compositor active (only supports drop shadows and transparency), try running mplayer with -vo gl or -vo gl2. If this does not help, try turning the compositor off (settings/window manager tweaks, rightmost tab).


How to disable popup “disable popup?” when press Ctrl+C

I removed a hotkey at in Klipper:

Open Klipper at Mouse Position > Config Plasma > Open Clipper at Mouse Position = CTRL+!
delete the HotKey

the annoying the effect is gone. funny. I just have to remove my Klipper hotkey.

I then do the same hotkey there again.

But the disturbing effect did not return. so repaired. I can't explain it, but that fixes it.


Unity Webapps work in Firefox and Chromium, and they could be made to work in other browsers as well. There's a library that encapsulates most of the code to write an extension.
Chromium that you can download from everywhere will find the extension and load it. So you'll get basic webapp integration. There's a patch, that adds the ability to manipulate the list of integrated sites, but everything else will work without that patch.

Chrome will not find the extension.
The patch for laoding extensions off the filesystem was merged upstream in Chromium an is in the latest release of Chrome, but it looks in a different path than where the extension is installed.
If you would install the extension where Chrome would look at it should work. But webapps are not tested with Chrome.

The answer was given in following "Ubuntu on Air" hangout: https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=6K_n8DtDl2k#t=42m42s

The above is basically a transscript of the Answers by Robert Carr and Ken VanDine (Ubuntu Webapps Team)

You should have know where the answer was to be found: at Time: 42m42s ;-)


No login dialog in Kubuntu after instaling fglrx and reinstallation of xong did not help

No login dialog... So you're saying that you're not able to login anymore as well as access your machine?

Try this command by going into recovery mode:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm

I did this on Ubuntu, but since Kubuntu is derived from the original Ubuntu, it certainly should work.

In case the above command doesn't show you any current login managers installed on your computer, then you may need to install one of them. Enter this:

sudo apt-get install gdm

There is kdm, lightdm, gdm, etc... Just google for 'ubuntu login managers'.

Hope that helped!


Step 1: Start your computer with a Ubuntu Live CD
Step 2: Find your linux partition by typing sudo fdisk -l
Step 3: Mount the Linux Partition sudo mount /dev/nameofpartition /mnt
Step 4: Install GRUB sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda
Step 5: update GRUB - sudo update-grub

I think this could resolve your problem.


Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS Install: stuck on step "ubuntu ubiquity: Processing triggers for libgk-pixbuf2.0-0 ..."

sudo apt-get install libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0:i386 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common - also have a look at this answer about installing those packages manually then run an update afterwards to see if there are other issues - UbuntuForums Thread


On-board keyboard and trackpad not working 20.04

There is a bug in recent kernels that disables some laptop keyboards. Mainly Acer and HP so far.  Can usually go to recovery and boot from kernel 5.4.0-42 or use an external keyboard.
Blacklisting the intel_vbtn kernel module is a workaround for this, as seen in Why my laptop's keyboard screwed up since kernel 5.4.0-47 till 5.8.0-20
To implement this, you can either create a new file in /etc/modprobe.d with the suffix .conf or use the main blacklist.conf file. The former may be preferable, since you can then just delete the file when it is no longer required (i.e. when the bug is fixed):
sudoedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-intel_vbtn.conf

Add a line to the file, optionally with a comment explaining why you are doing this
# bug in module breaks keyboard, so don't load it
blacklist intel_vbtn

Save the file, exit and reboot.


Ubuntu 20.04 plays sound only through HDMI monitor

try if pavucontrol lets you select a specific output

if you don't mind having both outputs enabled:  https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/PulseAudio/Examples#Simultaneous_HDMI_and_analog_output ( found via https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/143865/how-to-enable-both-built-in-audio-output-and-hdmi-audio-output-with-pulseaudio )

in alsamixer there might be a element named output or switch output or similar , enabling you to change output by muting/unmuting it ( also HDMI might be called something with LINE)

if you have more than one card , or a card that exports multiple output ports: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/62818/how-can-i-switch-between-different-audio-output-hardware-using-the-shell

if you have one card providing more than one output and it might be a routing problem: https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/ALSA#APlay_SPDIF.2FHDMI_output_has_incorrect_speaker_channels

if you are unlucky your card might be auto-switching , exporting only ONE sound card to the system ( e.g. IGP cards on mini PC's) then it WILL always cut line for HDMI
Workaround: get some audio extractor , example: https://www.reichelt.de/4khdmi-audio-extractor-n-vext3470at-p266927.html


How to move files under multi-directories into same directory?

Maybe the simplest way to do this job is by the command find (by default it works recursively):

find ~/wav/train/S* -type f -name "*.wav" -exec echo mv {} ~/wav/train/wavs/ \;

~/wav/train/S* is the search path and it will match to each sub dir that starts with S.
-type f will limit  the search only to the files.
-name "*.wav" will limit the search only to the files that ends with .wav. Not mandatory.
-exec ... \; will execute the mentioned command once for each search coincidence.
{} is a variable that contains the coincidence item.
remove echo from the command echo mv {} ~/wav/train/wavs/ to do the action.

Further if you want to delete the directories you can use a command as one of these:

find ~/wav/train/S* -type d -name "S*" -exec echo rm -r {} \;
find ~/wav/train/S* -type d -name "S*" -delete


Answering quite late, however for the reference of others who might be facing the same problem.

PCL is available in default ubuntu-18.04 packages and can be installed using aptitude package manage.

sudo apt install libpcl-dev

refer following github issue: https://github.com/PointCloudLibrary/pcl/issues/2739


External HD keeps disconnecting, And wont auto mount

To obtain the UUID of the drive, use the following command:

blkid

Use the UUID of the drive in fstab instead of /dev/sdX. The UUID is static and should remain the same even when the device name changes.


Ubuntu 18.04 additional language display problem

That's intentional behavior. If you think about it, English is the original language and hence always available. Accordingly, non-English fallback languages would not make sense.

If you open Language Support and click the Help button, you'll find a help document which among other things explains the language priority list.

Please note that the set language(s) affects in which language various menus and messages are showed. It does not affect the ability to display documents in other languages.


WSL Ubuntu 18.04 : where is $PATH modified at startup?

By default, /etc/environment, which is read at login, includes both /usr/games and /usr/local/games. So it looks like you edited that file also, which ought to be sufficient to drop those directories. It's unclear to me why you would need to involve ~/.profile and/or ~/.bashrc for the purpose.

Edit:

The above is based on how it works on standard Ubuntu. It's possible that the WSL default setup is slightly different.


How to Switch Top and Bottom Panel Bars in Ubuntu MATE

After fiddling around with it a bit more, I found that you can simply right click on the menu panels, select 'Properties' and change 'Orientation' from 'Top' to 'Bottom' and vice-versa (no jokes, please).

It's easy.

I will leave this question up instead of deleting it, because perhaps this may help others who are experiencing the same problem due to noob ignorance.


There's no need to wait for the sound to be completed, right? So you could just

play file.ogg </dev/null &>/dev/null &

(or look here for more intense detaching). Also try ogg123 or mplayer instead of play, or try a different audio output.


Boot using live disc. Hold down shift to get to boot options. You should get a menu to try Ubuntu before installing, Install to disc etc etc.

Hit F6 and choose nomodset, then press escape.

Choose the boot option you want.

If you get in then you will likely need install the proprietary driver for you card.

Here is a translation for you.


You have set the keyboard to UK.

Open System Settings -> Region And Language -> Input Sources -> And select US

If you can't see English US, click + and search for it:


“Dependency is not satisfiable” error when trying to install ubuntudico

It looks like the package gambas2-gb-qt-kde has been removed from the repos starting in Oneric. It is still available for Natty and you may get some results by installing the Natty Universe repository and installing it from there. I went and did that and I found that one of the dependencies depends on something from natty main as well, so you'll need to add the following four items to /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted

Then you'll download the deb for ubuntudico2 from the link you provided and run the following:

sudo apt-get update
sudo dpkg -i ubuntudico2.deb
sudo apt-get install -f

And then it will install. I would recommend removing the extra natty repos after that to prevent issues with packages later on.


Troubleshooting Wlan, essential WLAN debugging information?

Which wireless network are you trying to connect to? Are you using Network Manager? Which Ubuntu release are you running?

Run Network Manager (on 11.10, it's an icon in my top row, along with battery, bluetooth, speaker, date, etc). Right click on the icon, and make sure that BOTH "Enable Networking" and "Enable Wireless" are checked.


How do I disable the vga16fb module during Ubuntu Server setup?

Two possible suggestions you could try - during the install you should be given the option to edit your boot line.

Try adding video=vga16fb:off immediately before quiet splash.

Alternatively try the option vga16fb.modeset=0


crypt-luks can it be removed to create more space

Do not try to remove it. It is in use!

Assuming your image is showing your main drive where your normal system partitions are installed, that LUKS partition is being used! Gparted is unable to properly display LUKS partitions. If you want to see just how your LUKS partition is being used, try running lsblk in a terminal. You should see output that looks something like this:

The part that I have highlighted in yellow reflects my LUKS partition on my machine. Of course yours should be listed under mmcblk0p3.

If you're looking to see how much space is in use on the partitions contained in the LUKS partition, try running df -h.

Unsolicited advice
The size of your boot partition is rather small. You should be aware that if you don't get rid of old kernels on a regular basis, system updates will likely begin failing to install when your boot partition is completely full. I wouldn't recommend trying to increase the size of your boot partition or moving it to another device unless you know what you're doing (or grab a system image first). I don't know what version of Ubuntu you're running, but more recent versions (last year or two?) remove old kernels when you run sudo apt-get autoremove.


How to access a text file from anywhere in terminal

PATH environment variable is for this purpose. Add directories contain file1 and file2 to PATH, then you can access then by only the file name.

To add directory /opt/myapp to PATH environment variable use this:

PATH=/opt/myapp:"$PATH"

You can add above command to ~/.bashrc for permanent change. Run source .bashrc to reload .bashrc for current terminal.

Another way is to make a soft link of file1 and files to inside /usr/bin directory.


How to install ubuntu with usb, installer boot menu frozen

The screen freezes for a while, but then it proceeded to the setup screen. Try waiting a minute or so for it to work. The other day when I installed Ubuntu 16.04 on a new laptop, I pressed enter on the installer boot menu. It froze for a minute but then it continued to the installation process. This is not the first time I have seen this happen. My guess is that when it freezes, it is trying to load the file for the setup.


for i in /dev/sd? ; do sudo hddtemp sata:$i; done


how to call python script from Explorer right click

First check the version on Nautilus:

nautilus --version

If 3.6 or above go to the folder: ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts
Else go to ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts

Now you should be able to just put a script in this folder. This works for bash (right click and there is an option called scripts), I think it works for python too. If the python script does not appear then you may have to make a bash script to call the python. Remember to make your script executable! Also check out this link for more info (such as variables nautilus defines when your run scripts from right clicking, such as the folder or the file you clicked on).


Your python3 install is corrupted Please fix the '/usr/bin/python3' symlink

sudo apt install --reinstall python3

package was in unclean state

rFR python3

what it means

The next would be to upgrade to ubuntu 20.04. Make sure that in file

/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

Prompt=lts

is set. Make backup from your data and try again.


I Can Not Upload My Files Into Ubuntu One

There was a bug with the site, where this would happen, previously. I think it is fixed now. If it still happens, this belongs in a bug report, not a question on here. Also, we have a client port to Windows now, so the web site isn't entirely necessary to use there. :)


Where is the terminal server client (tsclient?)

I'm using Remmina from much time and I'm satisfied of it, comparing with tsclient it's modern and easy to save and group connections. I think it will become the standard RDP client.

You can also integrate it in Unity: Remmina Unity Launcher

As an alternative, you can also launch rdesktop directly from the command line.


What is the name of the default Desktop Environment of Ubuntu Studio 14.04?

According to Wikipedia

  "Default user interface   Xfce (formerly GNOME)" - By wikipedia under Ubuntu Studio - Wikipedia

And SoftPedia:

  "... It combines the snappiness of the Xfce desktop environment with the
  stable base of the popular Ubuntu distribution..." - By SoftPedia under Ubuntu Studio  14.04.1 LTS for Linux - Softpedia


If your goal is to simply login without using your mouse, the easiest method on a single-user system would be to simply hit the 'Enter' key when the login screen first loads. This will select your name and place your cursor in a password box. I use this method on one of my lucid machines, and it works just fine.


I'm answering this based on my experience using Ubuntu as my home server. I did not use an old PC, though - I built my own custom system in a little box, but it has desktop-class specs (2.8GHz and 8GB RAM). I use it primarily as a Plex Media Server, and it also does some file management, occasional torrents, downloads podcasts, has local time and DNS servers, VPN, and for occasional virtualization experiments. [I built my system with Plex and virtualization in mind, which is why I put all those resources in it. I'm sure I wouldn't need all those resources for the other things I do.]

Question 1: Should I use Ubuntu Desktop or Server? Does the desktop version consume more resources?

Yes, the desktop version will consume more resources, but if you use something like lxde or xfce, it probably will not impact performance in a way that would noticeably affect the kind of use you are describing. If you feel confident in your command line skills, you can use the server version, but like this article suggests, the desktop version contains or can install anything in the server version, is easier to setup, and offers a GUI if you ever need one.

If you start from Ubuntu Desktop, lxde or xfce is simple to install from the software center or the repos. If you start from Ubuntu Server, it is always possible to install a GUI after the fact, but I've never tried it.

Question 2: If I use the server version, is it possible download bitorrent with command lines?

I don't know about the default bittorrent client (Transmission). But Deluge, which I use, features a command line interface and a web-based UI as optional features. I use its web UI, which is excellent, and which I can access from other computers and devices on my network or outside my network via VPN. Deluge is available from the Ubuntu Software Center or from the repos.

Question 3: Is Ubuntu appropriate for this? Or, should I look for a lighter distro?

Ubuntu Server is minimal in terms of system requirements. Ubuntu Desktop might get a little cramped if you use Unity, especially if you're not going to be looking at it a lot. (My home server runs Ubuntu Desktop 12.04, but with a lot more RAM than you're talking about, so your mileage may vary.)

If I were trying this, I would probably start by trying Ubuntu Desktop (just because I'm still more comfortable with a GUI to fall back on if needed), and if that doesn't perform well, I'd try again with Server edition.


I followed advice from answers to the queston How to enable natural scrolling with mouse in 17.04?. In my case removing xserver-xorg-input-synaptics and restarting did the trick:

sudo apt remove xserver-xorg-input-synaptics


Not sure if you ever got an answer to this, but I had a very similar issue just start happening to me.

I have an HP Officejet Pro 8600 all in one printer/copier ...   Instead of running the drivers provided by the Ubuntu distribution, and had (at some time back) installed the packages straight from HP.

Since this was only happening when I was trying to scan in photo's or access photos I decided to remove that old driver and install the latest from the distribution.

apt-get install --reinstall hplip

did the trick for me.   It re-installed several packages and so far the problem hasn't happened again.

Hope this helps a little.


How to install a usb wireless network adapter Ralink RT3072 on Lubuntu 15.04

Generally there are a couple of ways to install devices, that I am aware of, in Linux environments:

By Repository

"sudo apt-get install ..." does this, but is generally only aware of the default Ubuntu repositories (like P2P, there's a bunch of locally maintained repos out there with code). You can also add custom repositories and run and apt-get install or update to fetch "custom" packages. Some devices have repositories for their drivers. For example, for the D-Link DWA-131 adapter (How to install a wireless adapter D-Link DWA-131?)

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi

$ sudo apt-get update --> makes your apt aware of the packages in the new repo

$ sudo apt-get install rtl8192eu-dkms

By Source/Files

You have a source of some kind, such as your example directory. In there you will either find some sort of ... .sh install script, OR you'll need to compile and run some sort of C/C++ make and install commands.
WHY - you're compiling/making the code to run the device on YOUR specific device; if you're doing this there won't be a pre-built install script or command. HOW - (1) ./configure OR make, (2) make install (from inside the scripts directory you were in).

A couple important notes though:

Your adapter must be an Ubunut/Linux supported adapter. You can check https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupported and in the docs/online for supported adapter lists.
If you're running make-install commands, you're Ubuntu must have a gcc/g++ compiler installed and the executables (e.g., gcc) available on the exectuable path. apt-get update and apt-get upgrade will probably include this, but you can also run sudo apt-get install g++ O=(or gcc).

Hope that helps!


How to create a Virtualbox image from a WindowsXP (host) physical partition

Microsoft has a free utility called Disk2VHD that will let you create a .vhd or .vhdx file from a running Windows XP machine. It also works on Vista and later.

You should be able to just use the .vhd file if you have un-checked the "use vhdx format" box in Disk2VHD.  If you create a .vhdx file you will need to convert it before using it as a VM because VirtualBox only has read-only support for .vhdx files.

Here's a command to convert the image:

VBoxManage convertfromraw /path/to/VHDX /path/to/new/VDI --format VDI


Use Totem and Image viewer dark theme as the main Gnome 3 theme?

Well, i've found the solution :

http://felipe.netai.net/proyectos/gnome-shell/themes/Adwaita-Dark.tar.gz


Grub Customizer Theme Error - Can't Find "theme.txt"

Alternatively to the simple theme method which provides some options like color, wallpaper and font you can install complex theme packages to get an even better looking boot menu.

There are several download sources like this thread at http://ubuntuforums.org (needs account)
or search for 'grub' at http://gnome-look.org

Just download such a package (which is in tar.gz format in most cases) and add it to the list of available themes by using the add button next to the theme chooser.

After changing the theme you'll see a simple editor which gives a preview of images and allows some file management. Modified theme contents will be saved when you're pressing the save button.


Need help with Griffin PowerMate USB volume controller - new 64 bit desktop & Ubuntu 12.04

For a very long time I had been struggling to get powermate working in Ubuntu, my favourite OS. It was frustrating and finally I got it going and I do want to share with you all how I did. My sincere thanks to all the people from the references. I needed something more definitive, there is none available. Therefore this endeavour.

This is how I got my volume control with Griffin Powermate USB device working in Ubuntu Saucy Salamander 13.10 amd64. Please bear with me and do the following.

References

http://screamingroot.org/node/5
http://www.mp3car.com/input-devices/146252-using-griffin-powermate-in-linux.html
http://www.bedroomlan.org/projects/evrouter (for evrouter)
http://tomthegeek.blogspot.com/2007/05/griffin-powermate-working-with-ubuntu.html
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1346654&page=3
https://superuser.com/questions/471253/ubuntu-how-to-run-a-terminal-command-on-boot

HowTo

Make a file /etc/udev/rules.d/10-local.rules with the content:

SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{product}=="Griffin PowerMate", KERNEL=="event?", NAME="input/powermate"

Command-line approach to achieve that:

echo 'SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{product}=="Griffin PowerMate", KERNEL=="event?", NAME="input/powermate"' | sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/10-local.rules

Create group called powermate add yourself and other users to that group.

sudo addgroup powermate
sudo adduser "$USER" powermate

Now create the file /etc/udev/rules.d/40-permissions-powermate.rules and add the following:

ATTRS{product}=="Griffin PowerMate" GROUP="powermate", MODE="0666"

Command-line approach to achieve that:

echo 'ATTRS{product}=="Griffin PowerMate" GROUP="powermate", MODE="0666"' | sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/40-permissions-powermate.rules

Download and install evrouter from http://www.bedroomlan.org/projects/evrouter or use the repository at http://www.bedroomlan.org/bedroomlan-debian-repository.
Create /etc/evrouterrc or $HOME/.evrouterrc (I prefer /etc/evrouterrc) with the following content:

Window ""
"Griffin PowerMate" "" any key/256 "XKey/XF86AudioMute"
"Griffin PowerMate" "" any rel/7/1 "XKey/XF86AudioRaiseVolume"
"Griffin PowerMate" "" any rel/7/-1 "XKey/XF86AudioLowerVolume"

Command-line approach to achieve that:

sudo tee /etc/evrouterrc > /dev/null <<EOF
Window ""
"Griffin PowerMate" "" any key/256 "XKey/XF86AudioMute"
"Griffin PowerMate" "" any rel/7/1 "XKey/XF86AudioRaiseVolume"
"Griffin PowerMate" "" any rel/7/-1 "XKey/XF86AudioLowerVolume"
EOF

Find out the powermate input event number (in mine it is event7), by running the following command.:

sudo evrouter /dev/input/*

In the long output, you should see a line like the following

device  0: /dev/input/event7: Griffin PowerMate

Create an executable file /usr/local/bin/powermate with the content:

#!/bin/sh
exec evrouter -c /etc/evrouterrc /dev/input/event7

Command-line approach to achieve that:

sudo tee /usr/local/bin/powermate > /dev/null <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
exec evrouter -c /etc/evrouterrc /dev/input/event7
EOF
sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/powermate

If you are a lazy guy like me and would like it to auto-run at start-up, you can do so by adding the script file to /etc/rc.local or any such other:

sudo sed -i -e '/exit 0/i /usr/local/bin/powermate' /etc/rc.local

Try it and see. Best of luck. I love it now. Hopefully you folks can get it working it too.


Why did my install all of a sudden get really slow?

I figured out what the problem was, user error... in a manor of speaking...

The computer got shoved up against a shelf on the side where the air blows out, and was not allowing for sufficiant cooling of the computer... Not sure why this only impacted Ubuntu, and not Linux Mint... Odd... but as soon as I pulled it back out to its proper place it worked fine.


No wireless on Dell N5110 with any driver

I wonder if you have backports installed. Please do:

sudo apt-get remove --purge linux-backports-modules-cw*
sudo apt-get remove --purge ndiswrapper*
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist

Reboot and give us your report.


Wireless indicator disappeared on Ubuntu 14.04 and can not connect to new wifi

I think what is missing is that the program nm-applet is not running, try starting it in a shell, with just:

nm-applet

or add it to the tray somehow.
If it is just started like this, I'm not sure it will stay when you reboot, but it should work for now at least.


I have an error "apt-get -f install", help me fix it

This fixed my problem, sorry for bothering you guys, thanks for all the support!

sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/var/cache apt/archives/libjpeg8_8c-2ubuntu8_i386.deb

Check everything is fixed by running :

sudo apt-get -f install

If you still have problems rerun the first step with any dpkg: error processing (...) remaining


How to connect to wpa2 enterprise mschapv2?

Might be related to this bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/network-manager/+bug/1104476

Workaround: Remove the line, or change the value from true to false. Found in the section [802-1x]

system-ca-cert=true

from the configuration file found in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/CONNECTION


How to change defualt graphic card to NVIDIA graphic card?

To use your GPU, all you have to do is install the drivers and reboot, run these commands

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-370
sudo reboot

After rebooting, you will be using your Nvidia card.


Try this

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

and add this line

blacklist atl1c

reboot the pc and re-try the same operation that makes your pc freezes.


How can I add a bookmark in my nautilus folder explorer

Got same ergonomic problem!

Ctrl+D or Add Bookmark will function only when "desired link folder" is selected on Location Bar. "Bookmarks" will appear only on Places (Nautilus) after placing one bookmark. Not so friendly IMO...

References:
"Adding a Bookmark

To add a bookmark, open the folder or location that you want to bookmark, then choose Places->Add Bookmark.

If you are using a Nautilus browser window, choose Bookmarks->Add Bookmark."
From: http://linux.about.com/library/gnome/blgnome6n6p.htm

And
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2027355

And finally, Help from Ubuntu:
Ubuntu Desktop Guide » Files › Tips and questions » Edit folder bookmarks

This is almost duplicated from:
Nautilus bookmarks do not appear at all
?


Try this:

sudo apt-get purge vlc && sudo apt-get autoremove --purge && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install vlc

Purges VLC
Purges VLC's dependencies
Updates the apt cache
Reinstalls VLC


I upgraded to Ubuntu Bionic on our server but it asks me to upgrade to Xenial?

The script to detect HWE support seems to get confused with leftover kernel packages.

You can run "hwe-support-status --show-all-unsupported" as root to determine which leftover packages are present in your system, then run "apt --purge remove" on each package to get rid of them.

After that you should no longer see this message.


Display the state of Grub's recordfail-variable in the boot-menu

The variable recordfail is either unset or set to 1. The variable is stored in /boot/grub/grub/env.
To see the state of this variable in the boot-menu, we can add custom menu-entries, depending on the state of the variable.

I added the following lines to /etc/grub.d/40.custom:

if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
    menuentry 'Found recordfail=1, reset' {unset recordfail; save_env recordfail; reboot}
else
    menuentry 'recordfail was not set' {reboot}
fi

Make the file executable:

sudo chmod +x /etc/grub.d/40.custom

and run

sudo update-grub

A menu-entry depending on recordfail will be added to Grub's boot menu:

If recordfail is set to 1,the menu-entry Found recordfail=1, reset will be added to the boot-menu, selecting this entry will unset the recordfail-variable, save it in /boot/grub/grubenv and then reboot.
If recordfail is not set, the menu-entry recordfail was not set will be added to the boot-menu, selecting it will just reboot.

Note that this will not work if /boot resides in a btrfs-filesystem or in LVM. In this case, Grub's recordfail-function will be disabled.


libv4-0 libv41 libv4l2 packages are found in Ubuntu's Trusty repositories as in here: http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/libv4l-0.

You can download them from there and install them with Ubuntu Software Center, or Synaptic, or gdebi  (make sure you download the correct packages: x86-type, amd64-type, etc - same type as your ubuntu)

OR

you can open a Terminal window and type:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libv4-0 libv41 libv4l2


Command to get the module that manages my Network Interface card?

To see the kernal driver that manages your network interface card, type

sudo lshw -C network and look at the driver entry, or

use:

lspci -v and look at the Kernel driver in use for your network and Ethernet controller

Edit: If you want to see what are the currently loaded kernal modules and the processes that use them, use lsmod


Keyboard occasionally stops working, mouse works

I'd assume it was a hardware / keyboard problem, but if it happens on 2 different keyboards... Could try a 3rd keyboard I suppose, just in case of the unlikely 2 bad keyboards.

Any updates or changes just before this started happening? Software / kernel updates? rolling back to a previous working version, or a newer version could hlep...
Trying a live dvd/usb of a different version (older or newer) could provide more info, if it never happens with a newer kernel/version then updating should help.

And next time unplug & re-plug the USB keyboard, see if it resets & starts working again, or provides some interesting error messages about why it won't.


How can I get a startup application to run in another workspace other than #1?

First, thanks to Scott Severance I found out how to do this.  But I wanted to flesh out his answer to make it easier for new Ubuntu users.

Note: This works with Metacity window manager, the default window manager for Ubuntu desktop.

First download and install gDevilspie (I used Ubuntu Software Center)

OOPS!

When I tried to run it, it failed.  But thanks to AskUbuntu I found the fix...

sudo apt-get install python-glade2

This is a bug in gDevilspie, a needed package is not identified in the dependecies.  If you already have this package (one of my computers did) you will not have to do this.

So start the application so its window is open, then fire up gDevilspie...

Click the ✔box so the daemon will startup at launch and then hit the add button...

Now give our rule a name.

Then identify the application's window for the new rule using its properties.  Two ways to do this:

Hit the Get button and be presented with a list of window_names, or
Find the window_class using xprop.

The 2nd way is safer because window name can change.  Open a terminal and type in xprop | grep WM_CLASS  The mouse cursor will change to a plus.  Move the new cursor so it's over the desired application window, and click it.  The wm_class will appear in the terminal...

-@-:~$ xprop | grep WM_CLASS
WM_CLASS(STRING) = "skype", "Skype"

Now click the Actions tab, and check the ✔box for set workspace then set the desired workspace...

If you like, check out the rule...

Now save the rule using the Save button...

And start the daemon if it's not running already.

Note: You can do lots with gDevilspie (devilspie).  Places for more information:

Ubuntu Documentation > Community Documentation > Devilspie
HOWTO: Automating Gnome with Devil's Pie
Devil's Pie documentation

Knock yourself out!

Good Luck


If you're willing to switch to Unity, it has a new "sticky edges" feature that lets you have some resistance in between monitors so that the mouse doesn't just go across freely. It is in the Displays settings, as demonstrated here:


Windows XP guest in VMWare Player 3 cannot maximise player windows

Try switching to VirtualBox. I have no experience in VMWare, but I'm sure VirtualBox OSE is just as good, if not better.


Top and Bottom toolbars disappear after changing "Workspace Switcher Preferences" following 10.04 to 12.04 upgrade

I found the following information on another thread at Workspace switching not working with 12.04 and Gnome classic with effects

The part that worked for me was to use ccsm (compizconfig-settings-manager)

The answer at that link that I found useful was:
I initially had the same problem with workplace switching and only the background showing in Gnome classic, but the fix to Alt-Tab does not switch also fixed this - i.e. install compizconfig-settings-manager, and enable "application switcher".

Then if you wish to customize the arrangement of the workplaces from 2x2 to say 4x1, you can do that under Applications -> system tools -> preferences -> compizconfig settings manager -> general -> General options -> Desktop size -> horizontal virtual size = 4, vertical virtual size = 1.

I followed these instruction specifically to set 6 horizontal and 1 virtual and I achieved the desired results.
Perhaps this is a bug with the built-in "Workspace Switcher Preferences" where it is not configuring properly whereas ccsm does.


How to prevent poweroff / shutdown / reboot / suspend / hibernate by non-root users in Ubuntu Xenial 16.04?

I think I have solved my problem with this on the root account:

visudo

Then comment out this line:

#xxx ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL


USB stick no longer opens with Nautilus (Polo File Manager)

The problem was indeed the Polo file manager and that is also the solution. In the Polo file manager, I went to Setup and then General and then you can choose underFile Manager either Files, Polo or Disc Usage Analyser.

Sorry for posting such a question but I was genuinely puzzled and would still like to know if there is a relatively simple way to set the default file manager in Ubuntu.


Change directory to target of move operation

If you're using bash, then its history interaction has just the shortcut for this. The word designator for the last argument of the previous command:

  !!:$
  designates the last argument of the preceding command. This may be
  shortened to !$.

Combined with a modifier to remove the last pathname component:

After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more of the valid modifiers, each preceded by a ‘:’.

  h
   Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head.

So:

$ echo /ab/c/d
/ab/c/d
$ echo !$:h
echo /ab/c
/ab/c

The same shortcut can also be used with zsh.


You can "cheat" the installer by adding a thumb drive - That you wil not use! and install on your 8Gb partition.


If you hard-restarted, you've likely caused your OS to go into a completely unstable setup.  The easiest fix for this would be to do a clean install from a boot disk or thumb drive.  Even better, if you have access to another computer and can burn a 13.10 image, then do a clean install with the version you're trying to update.  Hopefully you had everything backed up before you started the upgrade.


Snappy 15.04: How to install deb file? nano deb

Snappy Ubuntu Core is a read-only file system. It's based on snap and not on debs. It means that you can't install them on your system on purpose.

You can make a "nano" snap that you will install on your system. For more information on how to create snaps, here is the tour (do not hesitate to explore the developer website): https://developer.ubuntu.com/en/snappy/build-apps/


I figured it out. I was able to boot the machine by selecting Advanced options for Ubuntu and attempting to boot it in normal mode with a different kernel.


Properly burning a .iso file to a disc doesn't place a .iso file on the disc. These files are bit-for-bit copies of the contents of a disc, including the filesystem structure. So what you will see is the files contained in the .iso image, rather than the .iso itself. This is similar to extracting a .zip file (or another archive) to a folder.

To create the Live USB drive, use the .iso file you burned to the CD. If you downloaded this file in Windows and are currently working from the Ubuntu Live CD, then you will need to find your Windows partition in the file browser (it should show up on the left side of the file browser window), and in that drive, navigate to Users/[your username]/Downloads (for Windows Vista/7) or Documents and Settings/[your username]/Downloads (for Windows XP) and you should find the .iso there.


Install_Novo_Builder.bash is the filename of the script you need to execute. So make the file executable and execute it.

cd ~/Downloads
tar xvf Install_Novo_Builder.tar.gz
chmod 775 Install_Novo_Builder.bash
./Install_Novo_Builder.bash

the tar will extract the Install_Novo_Builder.bash file.

By the way... the script executes a normal "get key, add PPA, update and install package":

#!/bin/bash

if [ "$UID" -ne "0" ]
then
   gksudo -k -u root bash $0
fi

if [ "$UID" -ne "0" ]
then
   exit
fi

wget -O - http://www.cyvoc.net/novo-repo/Cyvoc.key | apt-key add -
echo deb http://www.cyvoc.net/novo-repo stable main non-free > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cyvoc.list

apt-get update

apt-get install novo-builder novo-preset-lastos

so if you want to do this yourself execute the 4 lines from wget to the bottom.


Benchmark Ubuntu Persistent USB vs Installed System

Phoronix Test Suite (PTS) is a free and open-source benchmark software for Linux and other operating systems. The Phoronix Test Suite has been endorsed by sites such as Linux.com, LinuxPlanet and has been called "the best benchmarking platform" by Softpedia. The Phoronix Test Suite is also used by Tom's Hardware, ASELabs and other review sites. - (From Wikipedia).
The Phoronix Test Suite has access to more than 450 test profiles and over 100 test suites. It is enlightening to review some of the benchmark comparisons between Linux distributions and Windows operating systems that have already been completed.
Phoronix Operating Systems Archives: https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=category&item=Operating%20Systems


How to grant access to a folder which resides in a folder owned by another group

If your directory is in an ext4 filesystem, you can use ACL. Best explained by example; my user is romano and the other user is default.

As romano:

[romano:~/tmp] % mkdir -p a/b/c/d
[romano:~/tmp] % cd !$
cd a/b/c/d
[romano:~/tmp/a/b/c/d] % touch f1
[romano:~/tmp/a/b/c/d] % ls -l
total 0
-rw-rw-r-- 1 romano romano 0 nov 27 17:15 f1

Obviously I can write to directory d, it's mine... but from default:

default@pern:/home/romano/tmp/a/b/c/d$ touch f2
touch: cannot touch ‘f2’: Permission denied

Yep. No symbolic link will change the fact that default can't write there.

Now, as romano, I grant additional access to group default:

[romano:~/tmp/a/b/c/d] % setfacl -m g:default:rwx .

(read as: add rwx permission to group default to the current . directory)

...And now, as default:

default@pern:/home/romano/tmp/a/b/c/d$ touch f2
default@pern:/home/romano/tmp/a/b/c/d$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-rw-r-- 1 romano  romano  0 nov 27 17:15 f1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 default default 0 nov 27 17:17 f2

ACL syntax is a bit convouted, but it's a quite powerful tool. See man setfacl and man getfacl for a full info and more examples.

In your case if you have /path/to/dir/foo  owned by A:A, and you want group B to have write access to foo you should:

add +rx permission to each of the directory leading to it for group B:

 setfacl -m g:B:r-x /path
 setfacl -m g:B:r-x /path/to
 setfacl -m g:B:r-x /path/to/dir

add +rwx permssion to group B to the directory:

 setfacl -m g:B:rwx /path7to7dir/foo

Notice however that seems we have a nasty bug around... See http://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=8527. I am not sure about the consequences --- the simple case above worked ok, but please check it.


Online accounts doesn't get saved on Budgie 18.04 minimal

Figured it out. Problem was that gnome-online-accounts was not installed with a minimal installation.

sudo apt install gnome-online-accounts

..followed with a reboot fixed the issue

*edit Also this should be fixed in the next 18.04.2 release due in jan/feb 2019 as per https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntubudgie/+bug/1809264


Maybe try another USB Cable?
Try finding the Device via the lsusb command, this could give you a hint if the Controller is dead, but to be sure, open up your external HDD and connect the HDD inside directly to your PC.


The cd is working, but it only affects your script's process, not the shell from which you ran the script. Several approaches have been used to work around this in the past, but the best one right now is probably to use a shell function instead of a separate script, since a shell function will run within your original shell instead of a separate process.

This would be done in your ~/.profile:

cdprompt()
{
    cd $(zenity --entry --entry-text="input directory name")
}

If you then start a new shell and run cdprompt, it should show the zenity prompt and change to the directory you enter as expected.

If you really want the commands to live in a separate file, another option is to source the file instead of running it:

source newdir.sh

or

. newdir.sh

This tells bash to run the commands in the file within your current process rather than starting a new one. It's normally used to load configuration rather than run programs, but it should work for this as well.


Taking timely screenshots of particular sites

Well it so happens that I found the answer to my question. :D

#!/usr/bin/python
import webbrowser
webbrowser.open("http://www.google.com")

Thats all it takes in a python script to open google using python. Cheers. :D


libqt5Svg.so.5 is provided by libqt5svg5 in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu (14.04 and later). Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install --reinstall libqt5svg5

If that doesn't work install the VLC snap package alongside the VLC apt package with the following command:

sudo snap install vlc


Nailed it. For anyone suffering from this in the future, the correct variable definition on that first line should be:
(setq message-send-mail-function 'message-send-mail-with-sendmail


my screen still displays a blank screen with the distinctive orangey tinge for approximately ten seconds

Isn't this the Ubuntu loading screen? If this is a screen that you used to see after the GRUB menu before, then it's already booting as fast as it can; when you see that screen GRUB has already been skipped.

If you want to optimize your boot time more, I'd suggest you turn on verbose boot (to see all the text output during the boot) and see where it stops. If it stops at certain points that are unnecessary, you might be able to disable those checks completely to boot faster.

What you've done so far is just to skip the boot selection, this in itself only shaves off as many seconds as you used to have as a timeout for the default selection. It's often not more than 3-5 seconds. Whatever is shown after that selection is all OS.


The following command should work for what you want:

sed "s/this is test/$(cat bar)/" foo

If foo contain more then one line, then you can use:

sed "s/this is test/$(sed -e 's/[\&/]/\\&/g' -e 's/$/\\n/' bar | tr -d '\n')/" foo

or:

sed -e '/this is a test/{r bar' -e 'd}' foo

Source of the last two commands: Substitute pattern within a file with the content of other file

To make the change in foo file, use sed -i.


Windows-like global shortcuts with the  key in Xubuntu

I had the same issue and I finally resolved it. Since there is no way to solve this with Xfce alone, one needs the small tool ksuperkey. It was originally developed for KDE, but it works fine on other desktops. You basically install ksuperkey or compile it yourself, and bind your menu to "alt+f1". Once you run ksuperkey, the superkey will behave as one would expect. I highly recommend to put this tool into some form of autostart, so that ksuperkey gets started on startup. Set it and forget it!


If you go to this link how can I install moonlight for Chrome in 12.04? you may find the answer, or you may have already found an answer as the question is nearly 2 months old!


How to permanently disable sleep/suspend?

According to the Debian Wiki, you can also disable it via systemd like so:

sudo systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target

While I have done this on my machine, I can't attest to its effectiveness. Not brave enough to try it out intentionally.


Cannot install shutter due to libxml-simple-perl

After adding mirrors to my sources configuration:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -f

and shutter is installed.


Concept of multi threading in bash script

With GNU Parallel you can do this:
parallel ./myscript.sh --option1 --inputfile {} --outputfile {}.out ::: files*

It will default to run one job per CPU thread in parallel.
To see what will be run use --dry-run:
parallel --dry-run ./myscript.sh --option1 --inputfile {} --outputfile {}.out ::: files*

GNU Parallel is a general parallelizer and makes is easy to run jobs in parallel on the same machine or on multiple machines you have ssh access to.
If you have 32 different jobs you want to run on 4 CPUs, a straight forward way to parallelize is to run 8 jobs on each CPU:

GNU Parallel instead spawns a new process when one finishes - keeping the CPUs active and thus saving time:

Installation
For security reasons you should install GNU Parallel with your package manager, but if GNU Parallel is not packaged for your distribution, you can do a personal installation, which does not require root access. It can be done in 10 seconds by doing this:
$ (wget -O - pi.dk/3 || lynx -source pi.dk/3 || curl pi.dk/3/ || \
   fetch -o - http://pi.dk/3 ) > install.sh
$ sha1sum install.sh | grep 67bd7bc7dc20aff99eb8f1266574dadb
12345678 67bd7bc7 dc20aff9 9eb8f126 6574dadb
$ md5sum install.sh | grep b7a15cdbb07fb6e11b0338577bc1780f
b7a15cdb b07fb6e1 1b033857 7bc1780f
$ sha512sum install.sh | grep 186000b62b66969d7506ca4f885e0c80e02a22444
6f25960b d4b90cf6 ba5b76de c1acdf39 f3d24249 72930394 a4164351 93a7668d
21ff9839 6f920be5 186000b6 2b66969d 7506ca4f 885e0c80 e02a2244 40e8a43f
$ bash install.sh

For other installation options see http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/parallel.git/tree/README
Learn more
See more examples: https://www.gnu.org/software/parallel/man.html#EXAMPLE:-Working-as-xargs--n1.-Argument-appending
Watch the intro videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL284C9FF2488BC6D1
Walk through the tutorial: http://www.gnu.org/software/parallel/parallel_tutorial.html
Read the book (at least chapter 2): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1146014
Sign up for the email list to get support: https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/parallel


How to make Left Ctrl (while pressed) as key to choose 3rd level (Alt Gr key)

There doesn't seem to be a way, at least not an easy one. These are the prepared options:

$ cat /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.lst | grep lv3
  lv3                  Key to choose 3rd level
  lv3:switch           Right Ctrl
  lv3:menu_switch      Menu
  lv3:win_switch       Any Win key
  lv3:lwin_switch      Left Win
  lv3:rwin_switch      Right Win
  lv3:alt_switch       Any Alt key
  lv3:lalt_switch      Left Alt
  lv3:ralt_switch      Right Alt
  lv3:ralt_switch_multikey Right Alt, Shift+Right Alt key is Compose
  lv3:ralt_alt         Right Alt key never chooses 3rd level
  lv3:enter_switch     Enter on keypad
  lv3:caps_switch      Caps Lock
  lv3:bksl_switch      Backslash
  lv3:lsgt_switch      &lt;Less/Greater&gt;
  lv3:caps_switch_latch Caps Lock chooses 3rd level, acts as onetime lock when pressed together with another 3rd-level-chooser
  lv3:bksl_switch_latch Backslash chooses 3rd level, acts as onetime lock when pressed together with another 3rd-level-chooser
  lv3:lsgt_switch_latch &lt;Less/Greater&gt; chooses 3rd level, acts as onetime lock when pressed together with another 3rd-level-chooser

So Right Ctrl (and quite a few other) can be turned to a 3rd level key, but not Left Ctrl


Program for context indexed search in desktop

Unity will do that for you already.  Press the super key, select files, and type odt or whatever you are looking for.


Does working on ubuntu in flash drive leave a trace on Hard Drive having Windows installed in it

A LiveCD/LiveUSB does not need a hard disk or even a writable media installed to run properly.

So your Windows 7 partitions are safe and won't be touched at all.


I finally found that the problem was due to a corrupted file.
The answer is given in:

How to fix Unity locked disabled settings?

It prefectly solved the problem.


I had the same problem with my Lenovo Yoga S1.
I noticed in journalctl -b:
systemd[1]: Starting Firmware update daemon...
fwupd[2737]: ERROR:esys:src/tss2-esys/esys_context.c:69:Esys_Initialize() Initialize default tcti. ErrorCode (0x000a000a)
fwupd[2737]: 21:37:44:0499 FuEngine failed to add udev device /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-5/1-5:1.0/0003:06CB:7244.0003/>
fwupd[2737]: 21:37:44:0675 FuEngine device 602b0a6cc821d155208724f0e22f8d111542b74c [SAMSUNG MZ7TE128HMGR-000L1] does not define a vendo>
systemd[1]: Started Firmware update daemon.

I noticed 06CB:7244 is:
$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 06cb:7244 Synaptics, Inc. Synaptics Touch Digitizer V04

I tried blacklisting plugin synaptics-rmi in /etc/fwupd/daemon.conf:
BlacklistPlugins=synaptics-rmi;test;invalid

But it did not help. In the end I did:
sudo apt remove fwupd

It worked, there must be a better way to fix this by tinkering with fwupd though.


Ubuntu 11.04 server. Official versions:

website
pdf

and

Fultus books (PDF)


How to restore "Open new terminal" by right click in Unity

I did also a fresh install of 17.04 coming from 16.04 and found the same issue.

I managed to get it working with:

sudo pico(or whatever editor) /usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Terminal.desktop

and commented out this line:

OnlyShowIn=GNOME;Unity7;

with end result:

#OnlyShowIn=GNOME;Unity7;

For now is working for me. Hope this helps you as well.


How to delete all files that are returned by locate

As the other chaps have already mentioned, xargs is your friend. It's a really powerful tool and I'll try to explain it and provide a workaround for a common gotcha.

What xargs does is take a line from the input, and append it to another command, executing that other command for every line in the input. So by typing locate foobar | xargs rm -f, the output of the locate command will be patched onto the end of the rm -f command, and executed for each line produced by locate foobar.

The gotcha:

But what if there are spaces in your line(s) returned by locate? That will break the rm -f command because the arguments passed to rm need to be files (unless you use the -r switch), and a file-path needs to be escaped or quoted if it contains spaces.

xargs provides the -i switch, to substitute the input into the command that follows instead of just appending it. So I'd change the suggestion to

locate foobar | xargs -ixxx rm -f 'xxx'

which will now only break if the filenames returned by locate contained apostrophes.

I have to concur with qbi, that you should be careful about using rm -f !
Use the -p flag to xargs, or just run the locate foobar by itself before feeding it to xargs, or drop the -f from rm.

locate foobar | xargs -p -ixxx rm -f 'xxx'


How to resolve "Segmentation fault (core dumped)"

What does it mean?

See AU: What is a segmentation fault? post and also this post which have some examples how reproduce it, SO: What is segmentation fault?.

The simplest description I can come with (may be not the perfect):

  The program tried to access a memory area out side its own section. Operating system blocks it.

Some cases: Reading value with uninitialized pointer, Going out of range in an array, Function call (when backward compatibility not maintained), ...

However, it is not always easy find the cause with large programs or those which relay on other project lib's. And most of the cases end up with a bug report, either for target program or one of its dependencies (either upstream project or downstream distribution package).

How can I resolve this issue?

Fire a bug report

If you didn't make any custom configuration/setup and you all updates installed. fire a bug report, see How do I report a bug?

If open source supported by Ubuntu use ubuntu-bug (apport-bug). For 3rd party closed source, check their help pages how to report bugs and collect related data.
Take initiative to debug

If you you have even a little programming background, it is recommended that you try your best to resolve it yourself. There many bug reports out there inactive for years. At least, you may be able to collect enough debug data that help resolve the issue when reporting it.

That's means that you are breaking the user abstraction level and opening the black box! (FLOSS actually has transparent box).

Some Useful Tools for Debugging

Some ... I mean there are many other useful tools out there that you gonna find when you dig in more.

apport-bug logs / core dump / backtrace

If you don't have an error message before segmentation fault. Run it with --save option and look for back-trace log:

apport-bug program-cmd --save bug-report_output.txt

gdb backtrace / debuging source code

If it didn't work, use gdb:

$ gdb program-cmd
(gdb) run
(gdb) backtrace

If you get any error message, check the web, launchpad and in upstream project bug tracker if there any similar cases.

For some advanced users or who are following a c/c++ learning path, they could download the corresponding -dbg symbols packages. Then you can use gdb to trace program flow through the source and get the exact function/instruction that raise the runtime error.

For Ubuntu(Debian) based distributions, source code of a package can be downloaded using:

apt-get source <package-name>

strace system call tracing

Another tool that may help is strace, I like it. It's really a powerful tool.

It presents itself:

  In the simplest case strace runs the specified command until it exits.  It intercepts and records the system calls which are  called  by  a
             process  and  the signals which are received by a process.  The name of each system call, its arguments and its return value are printed on
             standard error or to the file specified with the -o option.

  strace is a useful diagnostic, instructional, and debugging tool.  System administrators, diagnosticians and trouble-shooters will find  it
             invaluable  for  solving  problems  with  programs for which the source is not readily available since they do not need to be recompiled in
             order to trace them.  Students, hackers and the overly-curious will find that a great deal can be learned about a  system  and  its  system
             calls  by  tracing  even  ordinary  programs.   And programmers will find that since system calls and signals are events that happen at the
             user/kernel interface, a close examination of this boundary is very useful for bug isolation, sanity checking  and  attempting  to capture
             race conditions.

Source: man strace
ltrace dynamic library call tracing

  ltrace is a program that simply runs the  specified  command  until
  it
         exits.   It  intercepts and records the dynamic library calls which are
         called by the executed process and the signals which  are  received  by
         that  process.   It  can also intercept and print the system calls exe‐
         cuted by the program.

  Its use is very similar to strace(1).

Source: man ltrace


Can't get "check host" to work with monit / Ubuntu 16.04

Check your monit version, if installed via apt-get (on 16.04) should be 5.16 the docs are (as of today) for 5.24.
You can check changelog here: https://mmonit.com/monit/changes/

If you like to install current version here is a good tutorial: https://guides.wp-bullet.com/install-latest-monit-ubuntu-16-04-later/

Otherwise here is a monit-script wich works on older versions (even for 5.6 = Ubuntu 14.04):

check host example.com with address example.com
  if failed
    url https://example.com
    timeout 10 seconds
    for 3 cycles
  then alert


What is the performance loss if you run Ubuntu desktop edition on a server machine?

As far as I know, there is no performance lost as far as overhead and whatnot. It mostly depends on what you have installed. You can turn desktop Ubuntu into server Ubuntu by installing the same security/monitoring/visualization programs. The server edition just comes with a better set of pre-installed packages suited to a secure, easily maintained server.

Either way, I would recommend NOT installing X server and a desktop environment (GNOME, KDE, etc). This reduces boot time and memory/CPU usage.


how to install ip_tables and ip6_tables modules in ubuntu 18.04 kernel 4.4.0?

Instead of using the existing mdadm RAID, I wiped the RAID superblocks and the partition tables from all 5 disks, and rebuilt the RAID from scratch.  Extremely tedious process, but it worked.  After installation from the alternate-install Ubuntu 18.04 ISO image, I was using kernel 4.15.0 instead of 4.4.0, and 4.15.0 has ip_tables.ko and ip6_tables.ko.  Problem solved, albeit quite tediously.

I can only assume that the existing 16.04 RAID, which may have been even older than 16.04, dating from 14.04 or even 12.04 days (I really don't remember when I built it) could not be supported with a more current mdadm-support module.  That's just a guess.  Anyway, it works now.


How do I get unique running apps in bottom panel for each KDE/Kubuntu workspace?

Right click on the task manager located on the bottom panel -> access Settings -> select "Only show tasks from the current desktop".


You could install you own version of rm in /usr/local/bin which is searched before /usr/bin where rm is.

Make a file 'sudo nano /usr/local/bin/rm' with the following contents:

#!/bin/bash
echo use del of full path to rm

Remember to make it executable

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/rm

EDIT

I don't think it a good idea to change the semantic behavior of 'rm'. A lot of other programs and scripts are using 'rm' and expect it to behave in the normal way.


Getting Error " wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on none, missing codepage or helper program, or other error."

You need to make sure the hugelbfs pages are available to use. Please take a look here: http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~nhall/shore-mt/onlinedoc/hugetlbfs.html


Nouveau Error while installing Ubuntu on Macbook Pro

As for now, nouveau drivers for macbook pro's Nvidia graphic card won't work with kernel 4.15 which is the default kernel installed with 18.04.1. If you still have access to an older kernel through GRUB, (e.g. kernel 4.13 if you updated your system from 17.10), it will probably work better, but it's just a workaround.

Nevertheless, if you want to use the 4.15 kernel, you should install Nvidia proprietary driver... but that comes with some problems (including the well known "I'm stuk on a black screen"). Read this perfect answer which explains how to install Nvidia proprietary driver on a 2010 Macbook pro and how to make it work.


fsck disk cannot run due to "Bad magic number in super-block"

I assume there's a confusion between disk (partition table) and partition with a file system.
You can of course format an entire disk using a given file system but that's rarely the case in typical scenarios.
fsck will automatically invoke the proper helper when pointed at the appropriate partition. It does that by checking the magic numbers at the beginning of the partition to determine what type it is. So if your partition if formatted with NTFS, it will automatically invoke fsck.ntfs.
In your question, you run fsck on /dev/sdc directly which is as you say is GPT, for GNU Partition Table (ie. not a partition but a collection of partitions).
I guess sdc1 is your NTFS partition instead of sdc which is your entire disk (which does not contain a file system but one or multiple partitions with their own file system, hence the bad magic).


How do I remove windows on Ubuntu partition?

Since you installed Ubuntu using the WUBI, which means you did it from inside Windows it will be difficult (but possible) to have only Ubuntu. What I highly recommend for your case is just to burn the ISO image on a Pen Drive or CDROM/DVDROM and install it via the Standard Ubuntu installer (Booting from the CD/DVD/USB Drive). That way you can even choose to remove Windows if you want and have it only with Ubuntu.

You can also even repartition the hard drive to have a space for Ubuntu and a space for Windows.

Basically with the Ubuntu installer you have a little more freedom compared to WUBI. And to top it off, it is very easy to use.


How do I get a global menu in kde plasma 5?

In KDE4, the appmenu was nice and easy. See here.
In Plasma 5, however, this was discontinued. The reason is that appmenu made use of dbusmenu which has been deprecated by Canonical. Gnome now uses a new standard, qmenumodel.

Thus appmenu will need to be rewritten using qmenumodel to comply with the GNOME standard. You can see the relevant KDE bug report here and KDE forum discussion here.

Maybe you should have researched a bit more: the above are the first pages that Google shows when searching "appmenu qt plasma5".


How to set up shared pdf printer on home network

From the GUI >> Printers >> Additional Printer Settings my pdf printer is shared.

This provides the potential for the sharing of that particular printer to take place. But the printing system has to cooperate with your intention. At present, cupsctl shows _share_printers=0. Use cupsctl --share-printers to change this to _share_printers=1.


There is a command line version of handbrake that should work on your server. Below are instructions for installing from a PPA and converting the files using the command line.

$ sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stebbins/handbrake-snapshots
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install handbrake-cli
$ HandBrakeCLI --preset "iPhone & iPod Touch" -i input.xxx -o output.mp4


Where's the default Farsi(Persian) font file?

There is no "French font", "German font" and "English font"—those languages all use the Latin script system.  The same is true for Farsi (fa); there is no single "Farsi font" file, but the Arabic (script) character set is used by several languages and a single font can cover all of these.

If you have your own .ttf font that you are used to reading and would prefer to use, you can set it as default with:

Go to the Ubuntu Software Centre
Search for and install "Advanced Settings" (aka "GNOME Tweak Tool")
Double-click your preferred .ttf to open in GNOME Font Viewer
Click [Install]
Use the Advanced Settings tool to select the name of the font you just installed.

(The changes are installed in your own user area, and do not require administrator permissions).