An ISO file is an "image" of a disc - this is, a virtual copy of a CD/DVD/BD that you can use to record or "burn" new discs. In order to install any (GNU)Linux distribution (commonly known as "Linux systems"), you first have to download the installer's ISO and then burn it using a recording software.

There are two ways you can get your copy of the Xubuntu installer working:

Burn to a CD or DVD using i.e. CDBurnerXP, InfraRecorder or ImgBurn.
Burn to an USB drive with Universal USB Installer, Rufus or UNetBootin

These programs let you choose a file and then record it into the device you wish. I recommend you to use CDBurnerXP and Universal USB Installer, since they are reliable and straight-forward.

Since it seems that this is the first time you're trying to install an OS by yourself, why don't you check a tutorial on installing (X)ubuntu?
Here's the official one!


XFCE running but core features not working

This is a well-known bug in Xfce 4.10 and it happens when for some reason xfwm4 exits and isn't being automatically restarted. When this happens, use alt+f2 or just open a terminal window, focus it (i.e. hover the mouse on top of it) and execute xfwm4 --replace. This should bring back WM buttons (close, min, etc.).

See also:

xfce windows are missing toolbar, focus is broken


If I upgrade my system will my desktop manager change to Unity?

It will upgrade to Lubuntu 15.04, not Ubuntu 15.04. It will not replace LXDE with Unity (The differences between any flavor of Ubuntu is the desktop environment, so literally Ubuntu is the same as Lubuntu, only with Unity instead of LXDE.) Also, upgrading can have good effects, such as:

Better security
More features
More useful stuff
etc.

So, you should go upgrade it, and 14.10 is old and end-of-life now.

Here's an image to show it's old and end-of-life:


Can I rebuild a package without recompiling the source?

That depends on how you're building the package. dpkg-buildpackage doesn't call the clean target if you pass it the -nc option. Another useful option for test build is -uc (don't sign the changes file). debuild inherits these options from dpkg-buildpackage.

For a test build, you can simply do fakeroot debian/rules binary (adjust the target as appropriate for a multiple-binary package).


In what folders or files can services appear and start from

According to upstart cookbook.

Ubuntu currently employs a hybrid system where core services are handled by
Upstart, but additional services can be run in the legacy SystemV mode.

All upstart system jobs by default live in /etc/init/ while session job can be found in:

$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/upstart/ (or $HOME/.config/upstart/ if $XDG_CONFIG_HOME not set).
$HOME/.init/ (deprecated - supported for legacy User Jobs).
$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS
/usr/share/upstart/sessions/

Session Jobs are managed by the users own Session Init.

SystemV service init script are in /etc/init.d/ and in /etc/rcX.d are present symbolic link to enabled service. /etc/rc.local file is executed as last service at the end of each multiuser runlevel.


Cannot access to the Ubuntu after upgrade

Try to do that using a live ubuntu disk while mounting your active partition and then reinstalling grub using the live disk.


How can I get two-finger scrolling working on my trackpad?

I got this working recently for a friend's Yoga 2 by patching the psmouse kernel module to recognize the trackpad. Here's how I did it (from memory and browser history):

wget 'https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1166442/+attachment/3941591/+files/psmouse-elantech-x551c.tar.gz'
sudo dkms ldtarball --force psmouse-elantech-x551c.tar.gz
sudo dkms install -m psmouse -v elantech-x551c
sudo rmmod psmouse && sudo modprobe psmouse

You have to restart X (or reboot) afterwards.

Sources:

Ubuntu bugreport in particular comments #137 and #161
Evilcodingmonkey

In case it doesn't work give us the output of:

cat /proc/bus/input/devices


Error after update Ubuntu updating from 20.10 to Hirsute Hippo (21.04)

Thank you! I found a solution to my problem! Maybe someone will come in handy!
cd /var/lib/dpkg/info
sudo rm usrmerge.*
sudo apt-get -f install


Unable to install Ubuntu (Black Screen) (UEFI)

Update
An update of the BIOS solved this issue.

I was able to install Ubuntu using UEFI properly, Windows was detected and it's booting correctly.

Thanks for the help.


Can't type in login password because no keyboard is found

Just had this happen. I was editing /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc (remapping alt to ctrl) but forgot a semicolon and could not use my keyboard to log in.

I restarted using GRUB to select recovery mode and then root terminal mode. Keyboard worked in the simple root terminal and I was able to edit and fix .../pc. Phew!


Setting to only show applications of current workspace in launcher?

For Ubuntu Dock shipped with Ubuntu 17.10 and later (with GNOME)
Well, Other answers are pretty old, so I think it is worth to add up-to-date answer. It is possible to do so right now and not too hard tbh (With Ubuntu 17.10 and it having Gnome).
Just use dconf-editor:
sudo apt install dconf-editor

Navigate to org > gnome > shell > extensions > dash-to-dock and check isolate-workspaces


How to install poppler 0.73 on ubuntu 18.04

I created a PPA with backports of Poppler 0.74.0 for Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial) and Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic). This is now the recommended way to update your poppler.

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:cran/poppler
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y libpoppler-cpp-dev


unable to install nvidia drivers on ubuntu 12.04

I had a similar problem and found the issue was with the installer GUI. Try to install it via a terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

That may work.


How can I force the rediscovery of PulseAudio virtual sound devices?

On the "Sink" PC (On whose speaker you wanna play the sound) open the PulseAudio command shell by going into Terminal and issuing the following command.

$ pacmd

You will see a Python-like shell with the following welcome message.
Welcome to PulseAudio! Use "help" for usage information.
>>>
List the devices that can play the sound on the PC by the command in the PulseAudio shell.
>>> list-sinks
 Now you'll see a detailed list of all the sound sinks.
Just note down the complete name of the sink of your choice. It would appear as an attribute of the sound card. For example in my case it is:
1 sink(s) available.
index: 0
name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo>
...

The string of my interest is just "alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo"

Now Go onto the Source PC (i.e. origin of the audio multimedia streams), open up the terminal and issue the following command
$ pactl load-module module-tunnel-sink "server=192.168.1.105 sink=alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo sink_name=home_theater"Here 192.168.1.105 is the IP address of the sink PC, "alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo" is the string you just copied from sink's terminal and "home_theater" is just a fancy name to call this virtual sound output device on your computer.
Finally select this virtual sound device by :
$ pacmd set-default-sink home_theater

Wallah !!


Can't access virtualbox guest's (ubuntu server) localhost from host's (windows) browser

I finally figure out that my webpack server is running on localhost, while in order to reach it from LAN, it should be running in 0.0.0.0
So I just added --host 0.0.0.0 to the command and the problem is solved.

Solution: https://stackoverflow.com/a/35419631/7296938


Ubuntu: FTP works in Filezilla but not with ftp program

filezilla authomaticaly switches p/a mode, but using ftp you sould explicitly set the mode. Here is good explanation of a/p difference on stackpverflow What is the difference between active and passive FTP?


Juju wordpress charm doesn't update from git

This is because the charm isn't polling github for changes, it's simply pulling down the version on github on config-changed. So in order for it to pull down the new code you will need to trigger a change in this config field.

edit: You may want to file a bug for the charm requesting that a configuration field for git revision or-the-like be added.


It looks like Ubuntu Unity currently only supports 3/4 finger touch gestures https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Multitouch... However, it is suggested you can use Ginn https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Multitouch/Ginn to define custom gestures. I have not tested it (yet) but bou might be able to make it work for you.


Used mountmanager now Ubuntu hangs on boot

I managed to use the liveCD to edit /etc/fstab. I first mounted the linux partition (sda6 as I found using blkid above (ext4)) and made a copy of the corrupted fstab

mkdir rootmount
mount -t ext4 /dev/yourrootpartition ~/rootmount
sudo cp ~/rootmount/etc/fstab ~/rootmount/etc/fstab.broken

I then did

sudo gedit ~/rootmount/etc/fstab

to create a new fstab as

# Begin /etc/fstab

# file system  mount-point  type   options         dump  fsck
#                                                        order

UUID=0AF26C31F26C22E5   /media/SystemReserved   ntfs-3g defaults    0   0
UUID=5E1C88E31C88B813   /media/5E1C88E31C88B813 ntfs-3g defaults    0   0
UUID=94B2BB7DB2BB6282   /media/94B2BB7DB2BB6282 ntfs-3g defaults    0   0
UUID=c73ca79e-4fa4-4bde-967e-670593736f6a   /media/c73ca79e-4fa4-4bde-   967e-670593736f6a  ext4    defaults    0   0
UUID=41b66b9a-2b48-45cf-b59d-cd50e41ec971   swap    swap    sw  0   0
UUID=c05d659f-103c-4444-9dc4-3121b9e081d6   swap    swap    sw  0   0

using the tutorial http://www.tuxfiles.org/linuxhelp/fstab.html (the UUID obtained from blkid identifies the partition instead of writing things like /dev/sda1 etc). Not sure if this is exactly how it's supposed to be setup, but now my computer boots at least!


Simultaneous Ctrl_L+Shift layout switch doesn't operate as before

Enabling Show location of pointer at Mouse section of gnome-tweak-tool changing the Ctrl+Shift behavior to that I described in my question.

Disabling this feature restores normal behavior for this shortcut.


update-initramfs: /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fixrtc failed with return 1

As pointed out by Montblanc,

sudo chmod -x /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fixrtc

will solve the issue.


How to make the more random RANDOM replacement SRANDOM available on Ubuntu?

The source-code for SRANDOM is available here https://github.com/josenk/srandom and you should be able to install on Linux with kernel 3.10 or above.
Prerequisites
If you are into development or devops, you will probably have them already.
sudo apt install git make

Download
The the source
mkdir your-srandom-source-code-dir
cd your-srandom-source-code-dir
git init
git clone https://github.com/josenk/srandom

Install
The combo manual listed here https://github.com/josenk/srandom#compile-and-installation - but a brief example including installing a pre-requisite package:
sudo apt update && sudo apt install kernel-devel

cd your-srandom-source-code-dir
make
make install

Use
You use SRANDOM as if it was an infinite file full of the desired random data, so for example, you can use it as a data-source for dd.  But avoid using commands which don't limit the amount of data they read (like "cat"), as this can cause performance issues.
dd if=/dev/srandom count=1 bs=1M of=random-output.txt


Can I have my sudo/su password different from my desktop login password?

Yes, sudo uses PAM and PAM supports configuration for each application.

Authentication and logging
The sudoers security policy requires that most users authenticate themselves before they can use sudo. A password is not required if the invoking user is root, if the target user is the same as the invoking user, or if the policy has disabled authentication for the user or command. Unlike su(1), when sudoers requires authentication, it validates the invoking user's credentials, not the target user's (or root's) credentials. This can be changed via the rootpw, targetpw and runaspw flags, described later.
...
rootpw
If set, sudo will prompt for the root password instead of the password of the invoking user when running a command or editing a file. This flag is off by default.
targetpw
If set, sudo will prompt for the password of the user specified by the -u option (defaults to root) instead of the password of the invoking user when running a command or editing a file. Note that this flag precludes the use of a uid not listed in the passwd database as an argument to the -u option. This flag is off by default.
runaspw
If set, sudo will prompt for the password of the user defined by the runas_default option (defaults to root) instead of the password of the invoking user when running a command or editing a file. This flag is off by default.

So yes, it is possible to change the password behavior. Be sure to test this out thoroughly. A mistake is easily made, locking you out of your system. Know how to get back to the default setup from "grub" and/or a live dvd before you change anything.


How to Install AMD ATI Radeon Graphics HD 6770M

1 - Download Catalyst 13.4 from AMD site (previous versions will not work).

http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/Pages/index.aspx

2 - Install 32 bit libraries, type the following command on terminal:

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

3 - Install kernel headers, type the following command on terminal:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic

4 - Install DKMS, type the following command on terminal:

sudo apt-get install dkms

5 - Install Catalyst driver, type the following commands on terminal:

cd Downloads (assuming that the driver is in this folder)

chmod +x amd-catalyst-13.4-linux-x86.x86_64.run
sudo sh amd-catalyst-13.4-linux-x86.x86_64.run

Follow the instructions and reboot the system when asked.

6 - Have fun! :)


I think it does, you need to look at this bit:

Color Type                      : RGB with Alpha

That is for a PNG with transparency available (just because it has a alpha channel  probably doesn't mean it is transparent - it could 100% opaque and have an alpha channel) - for one without transparency:

Color Type                      : RGB

I have only looked at PNG formats exported from GIMP (which shows the layers as bold if non-transparent), not much else.

See also:

PNG Specifaction


Where is the 3D windows setting for the cube in compiz open GL for gnome 3.2 (ubuntu classic) configuration manager?

There is a 3D Windows plugin available in the Effects section of CCSM if you install the extras module for Compiz

sudo apt-get install compiz-plugins-extra

Warning 1 - this cannot be used in conjunction with Unity - so if you intend to flip into the Unity session you'll need to turn off 3D windows first.

Warning 2 - please see this question and answer as to why using ccsm can cause  serious stability issues.


Try importing the key with :

sudo apt-key adv --recv-key --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com FE85409EEAB40ECCB65740816AF0E1940624A220

If it doesn't work try with :

sudo aptitude -o Acquire::http::No-Cache=True -o Acquire::BrokenProxy=true update


Turns out it was a hidden character problem. I was using a mix of tabs and spaces that wasn't being detected by gedit, but was being displayed by vi since it had a different tab size. Converting all of my spaces into tabs fixed the problem.


I can access the files on the D (Data) drive from both Ubuntu and Windows

It is supposed to be this way. NTFS partitions can be accessed by both Ubuntu and Windows.

The problem you may have seen that NTFS can't be accessed after Windows is hibernated, that is what Windows 8 does on exiting by default.


Ubuntu graphics lost due to incomplete upgrade

If you can get to recovery mode, choose to open a root terminal (with networking), then run this command:

dpkg --configure -a

Once that is complete, run:

apt install -f

If you system was able to connect to the network, it will download any packages that are required to fix the situation.

If the system is not able to complete the second command (due to lack of a network connection), reboot the system (it should theoretically be bootable if dpkg --configure -a worked), and log in (if the graphical screen comes up), then run this command (apt install -f) again.


SD card reader no longer detected in Ubuntu Gnome 16.04

with ubuntu 18.04 the sd reader work fine.


I have made a research in order to test my own CPU because i was having some problems with the temperature. I found/used the "cpuburn" to stress/test my CPU. You have some commands related with this program but in my opinion you should use the burnBX for each core.

If u don't have the cpuburn in your PC use this command:

apt-get install cpuburn.


Report: Google Talk Plugin is not working and showing in Firefox 52.0 but works in Firefox 51.0.1

It's because Mozilla removed support for most plugins in Firefox 52. However, you can make it work a bit longer by adding a preference to about:config; please see this answer.

Related:

Google Hangouts temporarily won’t support phone and video calls on Mozilla Firefox


Can I permanently change the GUI language of a certain program to English?

It depends on how you start it. Without knowing anything about the particular programs you mention, a generally convenient method is to put a small wrapper program in the ~/bin folder.

To show you what I mean, I wrote such a wrapper to start gedit in Swedish (while I otherwise use English as my display language). The name of the file is ~/bin/gedit, and this is its contents:

#!/bin/sh
export LANGUAGE=sv
export LANG=sv_SE.UTF-8
exec /usr/bin/gedit "$@"

The file shall be executable:

chmod +x gedit

HTH


How to set up a wi-fi hotspot with an Ubuntu laptop (access point mode)?

You need to create infrastructure (Access Point mode) wireless hot-spot rather Ad-hoc hot-spot.
In linux(ubuntu) i used ap-hotspot and which works for me(i got connected WP8 and Android 4.4, dont know about iPhones).

For installation

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ap-hotspot

Update for 14.04

The hostapd version in Ubuntu 14.04 is buggy and doesn't work properly. To get AP-Hotspot to work with hostapd in Ubuntu 14.04, you need to downgrade hostapd and use apt to hold the package so it's not upgraded.

To do this, use the following commands:
For 32 Bit:

cd /tmp
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/w/wpa/hostapd_1.0-3ubuntu2.1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i hostapd*.deb
sudo apt-mark hold hostapd

For 64 Bit

cd /tmp
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/w/wpa/hostapd_1.0-3ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i hostapd*.deb
sudo apt-mark hold hostapd

Configuration

sudo ap-hotspot configure

It will asks for interfaces, Access point name(which can be anything you want to see as wifi_hotspot name), password(which is your wifi_hotspot security key).

Now, if you able to configure successfully and dont get any kind of Unsupported wifi errors(if you get that simply means, your wifi_card doesnt support infrastrucutre Access point wifi_hotspot, so can do nothing on it), then procceed.

So just now start your hotspot as

sudo ap-hotspot start

If you want to stop then

sudo ap-hotspot stop

If you wanna see all available commands

sudo ap-hotspot

You don't see this hot-spot running in any indicator or something, i am still finding it how to determine status checking of it.

I am using is from last few weeks, and no bugs(no side-effects too) yet. I am using Gnome-Ubuntu 13.10 amd64 sharing eth0 to my WP8.

SOURCE : http://www.unixmen.com/create-infrastructure-wifi-access-point-connect-android-devices/
SOURCE : http://www.webupd8.org/2013/06/how-to-set-up-wireless-hotspot-access.html


Please download this file on any other computer and transfer it by USB drive or similar to the Ubuntu computer: http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/linux-firmware-nonfree

Drop it on the desktop so we can find it. Now, on the Ubuntu computer, open a terminal Ctrl+Alt+t and do:

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source

If it is not installed, just proceed with the next steps:

cd ~/Desktop
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

Reboot and your wireless should now be working.


Should I upgrade to Ubuntu 18.04 from 16.04 with 2 gb ram?

Your hardware is getting a little long in the tooth -- <3 GHz, 2 GB RAM, and Intel graphics is barely capable of running one of the lightweight versions of Ubuntu, like Budgie, Mate, or Xubuntu.  I'd recommend trying one of those flavors on a Live Session with some of the applications you usually use (you can often browse to them on your existing install and run them from your hard disk while booted from a USB drive).
If the overall performance is acceptable, it should be slightly better from an installed copy -- your hard disk is usually going to be faster than a USB drive on an older machine like that.
Options that might help out, and are cheaper than a whole new system (assuming this is a desktop machine with socketed CPU): A Core2Quad processor with higher clock speed will significantly improve performance, and replacing your RAM (probably 2x 1GB modules) with 2x 2GB or 2x 4GB (the latter may be outside your motherboard's supported total, however) will make a big difference in the way your computer runs.


So new to Linux (it's scary) but I had the same issue, tried the following and it worked for me...

For Xenial go to:

https://launchpad.net/~team-xbmc/+archive/ubuntu/ppa/+sourcepub/7832292/+listing-archive-extra

scroll to the bottom of the page, download both the 'kodi' & 'kodi-bin' .deb packages and install both using:

    sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Hope it helps...

[1]
https://launchpad.net/~team-xbmc/+archive/ubuntu/ppa/+packages


How to stop gedit (and other programs) from outputting GTK warnings and the like in my terminal?

First, I also find it annoying that these warnings show up on an out-of-the-box Ubuntu, with no "proper" method to disable them which I could find (it seems that the most common "solution" is either to install gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 which doesn't seem to work since it's already installed, or to ignore them - but I want to suppress them completely since they just make my terminal noisy).

I came up with the following code which so far seems to behave exactly how I'd expect it to, and is based on the answer by TuKsn, but enhances it a bit to:

Work by default (gedit ...) without needing to use F12 or some other shortcut (to invoke unfiltered use /usr/bin/gedit ...).
Displays the entered command name when it terminates as a background task.

Can still be generalized a bit, but for now, if you need the same treatment for other commands, duplicate the gedit() function for each other command name which needs the same filter.

# solution adapted from: http://askubuntu.com/questions/505594
# TODO: use a list of warnings instead of cramming all of them to a single grep.
# TODO: generalize gedit() to allow the same treatment for several commands
#       without duplicating the function with only a different name
# output filter. takes: name_for_history some_command [arguments]
# the first argument is required both for history, but also when invoking to bg
# such that it shows Done <name> ... instead of e.g. Done /usr/bin/gedit ...
suppress-gnome-warnings() {
    # $1 is the name which should appear on history but is otherwise unused.
    historyName=$1
    shift

    if [ -n "$*" ]; then
        # write the real command to history without the prefix
        # syntax adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4827690
        history -s "$historyName ${@:2}"

        # catch the command output
        errorMsg=$( $* 2>&1 )

        # check if the command output contains not a (one of two) GTK-Warnings
        if ! $(echo $errorMsg | grep -q 'Gtk-WARNING\|connect to accessibility bus'); then
            echo $errorMsg
        fi
    fi
}
gedit() {
  suppress-gnome-warnings $FUNCNAME $(which $FUNCNAME) $@
}

And a better version (way smaller, fully generic, no need to rewrite history since invoked as is, and better for filtering per line rather than the whole output):

# generates a function named $1 which:
# - executes $(which $1) [with args]
# - suppresses output lines which match $2
# e.g. adding: _supress echo "hello\|world"
# will generate this function:
# echo() { $(which echo) "$@" 2>&1 | tr -d '\r' | grep -v "hello\|world"; }
# and from now on, using echo will work normally except that lines with
# hello or world will not show at the output
# to see the generated functions, replace eval with echo below
# the 'tr' filter makes sure no spurious empty lines pass from some commands
_supress() {
  eval "$1() { \$(which $1) \"\$@\" 2>&1 | tr -d '\r' | grep -v \"$2\"; }"
}

_supress gedit          "Gtk-WARNING\|connect to accessibility bus"
_supress gnome-terminal "accessibility bus\|stop working with a future version"
_supress firefox        "g_slice_set_config"


Looks like kernel logging will be output to /var/log/kern.log in Natty. The line you're seeing (Kernel logging stopped) will have been the last entry before the output was switched to the new file.

This is all configured in /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf, if you're keen to poke around.


Installing persistent Ubuntu on a local hard drive using LiveCD

There are two different options here: WUBI and installing alongside your current OS.

I would recommend running Ubuntu alongside your current OS, because it will be just as fast.

However, WUBI is uninstallable more easy, it just runs on your Windows computer as another program.

More info on WUBI: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide

To install Ubuntu alongside your current OS, just go to install Ubuntu normally and you will see the options:

Install Ubuntu INSTEAD of _____

Install Ubuntu alongside with __

Choose the second one. It should work like magic.


The --convert-links option should do what you're looking for:

wget --convert-links --no-parent maine.craigslist.org/fuo

More information about this option and what it does is below (copied from man wget):

   --convert-links
       After the download is complete, convert the links in the document
       to make them suitable for local viewing.  This affects not only the
       visible hyperlinks, but any part of the document that links to
       external content, such as embedded images, links to style sheets,
       hyperlinks to non-HTML content, etc.

       Each link will be changed in one of the two ways:

       ·   The links to files that have been downloaded by Wget will be
           changed to refer to the file they point to as a relative link.

           Example: if the downloaded file /foo/doc.html links to
           /bar/img.gif, also downloaded, then the link in doc.html will
           be modified to point to ../bar/img.gif.  This kind of
           transformation works reliably for arbitrary combinations of
           directories.

       ·   The links to files that have not been downloaded by Wget will
           be changed to include host name and absolute path of the
           location they point to.

           Example: if the downloaded file /foo/doc.html links to
           /bar/img.gif (or to ../bar/img.gif), then the link in doc.html
           will be modified to point to http://hostname/bar/img.gif.

       Because of this, local browsing works reliably: if a linked file
       was downloaded, the link will refer to its local name; if it was
       not downloaded, the link will refer to its full Internet address
       rather than presenting a broken link.  The fact that the former
       links are converted to relative links ensures that you can move the
       downloaded hierarchy to another directory.


Does Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 32-bit have graphic user interface?

By default, no. Server distros don't have a GUI, but you can easily add one using apt-get.

People commonly use Gnome, XFCE etc. A quick search will get you what you need, depending on which Desktop Environment (DE) you're looking for.

XFCE is great and lightweight. If you're running a server system, you might want that to keep memory free for other applications.

Installing XFCE

sudo apt-get install xfce4

Installing Gnome

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

After installing the desktop, you'll also want to install GDM which will let you boot directly into a graphical environment. (or lightDM)

sudo apt-get install gdm

or:
    sudo apt-get install lightdm

Once done, you'll want to configure it.

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm


What is special about the hicolor icon theme?

Googgling around I found this:

In order to have a place for third party applications to install their icons there should always exist a theme called "hicolor"

This name is chosen for backwards compatibility with the old KDE default theme.

The data for the hicolor theme is available for download at: http://www.freedesktop.org/software/icon-theme/. Implementations are required to look in the "hicolor" theme if an icon was not found in the current theme.

More at Icon Theme Specification (Gnome)/Directory Layout.
And from the package description:

So, yeah it's the fallback icon theme.


Installing stackless python, how to get modules?

Edited the answer from the question.

  There was an error in the tutorial, in the line

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ /opt/stackless/lib/python2.7/site-packages

  When I removed the link, and instead ran

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ /opt/stackless/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

  Everything worked as expected, and I now can import my old modules as
  usual within stackless python.


Will my Microsoft OS and programs still "talk" on the Internet when I am using a LiveCD?

No. When you are running an Ubuntu LiveCD session, you are (temporarily) running a completely different operating system. Your installed operating system and programs will not be able to run or connect to the Internet during this time.


Okay guys. I got the problem.

I had the installation folder on an NTFS volume which wouldn't allow me to change the permissions to run the install thing. I moved the folder to an ext4 volume and everything was alright.

For those who have the same problem: don't forget to set the executable bit of the sys/java/jre/glnxa64/jre/bin or sys/java/jre/glnx86/jre/bin (depending on your architecture) directory, otherwise you would get some 'permission denied' or 'unknown command' error.


Wireless Adapter RTL8821CE Not Working in Ubuntu 19.04

For kernel version >= 5.0 the ok_access function supports only two parameters, while for earlier kernel versions 4.* or less it has three parameters. Try the below code with updated parameters

git clone https://github.com/shubham151/rtl8821ce.git
cd rtl8821ce
sudo make all
sudo make install
sudo modprobe -a 8821ce


How about loading it to defaults . I mean

sudo apt-get install --reinstall gnome-terminal


Dpkg command fails while installing packages due to invalid user error

I see no reference in the installation instructions regarding running cuda-8 under the user ttasys, however the following command should get you past this log jam:

sudo adduser --system --group --no-create-home ttasys


It looks like you need to make the directory /srv/tftp.
Look at https://wiki.debian.org/PXEBootInstall#Set_up_TFTP_server for some tips on Debian/Ubuntu's TFTP server.


Replacing Nouveau driver with Nvidia driver

Try running "sudo ubuntu-drivers devices".  With older versions you need jockey-text.  "sudo jockey-text -e xorg:nvidia_current"


When I installed Ubuntu, it asked for a user and password before it copied any files to the drive.

You can add users with adduser

  sudo adduser UserID

It will ask for the SU password if you had assigned one.


How to replace a string on the 5th line of multiple text files?

Here are a few approaches. I am using brace expansion (file{1..4}.txt) which means file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt

Perl

perl -i -pe 's/.*/ Good Morning / if $.==5' file{1..4}.txt

Explanation:

-i: causes perl to edit the files in place, changing the original file.

If -i is followed with a file extension suffix, then a backup is created for every file that is modified. Ex: -i.bak creates a file1.txt.bak if file1.txt is modified during the execution.
-p: means read the input file line by line, apply the script and print it.
-e: allows you to pass a script from the command line.
s/.*/ Good Morning /: That will replace the text in the current line (.*) with Good Morning.
$. is a special Perl variable that holds the current line number of the input file. So, s/foo/bar/ if $.==5, means replace foo with bar only on the 5th line.

sed

sed -i '5s/.*/ Good Morning /' file{1..4}.txt

Explanation:

-i: Like for perl, edit file in place.

By default, sed prints each line of the input file. The 5s/pattern/replacement/ means substitute pattern with replacement on the 5th line.
Awk

for f in file{1..4}.txt; do
    awk 'NR==5{$0=" Good Morning "}1;' "$f" > foobar && mv foobar "$f";
done

Explanation:

awk has no equivalent to the -i option¹ which means that we need to create a temporary file (foobar) which is then renamed to overwrite the original. The bash loop for f in file{1..4}.txt; do ... ; done simply goes through each of file{1..4}.txt, saving the current file name as $f. In awk, NR is the current line number and $0 is the content of the current line. So, the script will replace the line ($0) with " Good Morning " only on the 5th line. 1; is awk for "print the line".

¹Newer versions do as devnull showed in his answer.
coreutils

for f in file{1..4}.txt; do
    (head -4 "$f"; echo " Good Morning "; tail -n +6 "$f") > foobar &&
    mv foobar "$f";
done

Explanation:

The loop is explained in the previous section.

head -4: print the first 4 lines
echo  " Good Morning ": print " Good Morning "
tail -n +6: print everything from the 6th line to the end of the file

The parentheses ( ) around those three commands allow you to capture the output of all three (so, 1st 4 lines, then " Good morning ", then the rest of the lines) and redirect them to a file.


Ubuntu 18.04, Inkscape 0.92: Cannot change icons

I have the same problem. It seems that the icons.svg files in /usr/share/inkscape/icons or ~/.config/inkscape/icons get overwritten by the Gnome icon theme.

You can change the Gnome icon theme with the Gnome Tweaks tool (gnome-tweaks) and choose a icon set that doesn't change the Inkscape icons.

In my case the Gnome icons that affect Inkscape are in /usr/share/icons/<theme-name>/22x22/actions. Unlike the default icons each icon has it's own svg file, and they are not all bundled in a icons.svg file.


Dock auto-hide not working on Desktop Ubuntu 20.04.1

You can get finer-grain control over how the dock behaves via the gsettings API.
If you wish to deal with these settings via a graphical user interface, then you can install the dconf-editor app:
sudo apt install dconf-editor

Open it and navigate to the org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock schema, or, for a similar effect use the search button and search for "dash-to-dock".
You will be presented with a number of settings (presented in alphabetical order).
The most interesting ones for your case are quoted below.
I believe that I have the dock set up to behave in a similar way that you are aiming for — it shows up only when I move my mouse cursor to the left edge of the screen — so I also share my settings:

autohide
Dock shown on mouse over

I have this enabled ^^

dock-fixed
Dock always visible

I have this disabled ^^

intellihide
Dock dodges windows

I have this disabled ^^ (I think this is the most significant one impacting the behavior in question.) (By default, it was enabled.)

pressure-threshold

I have this ^^ set to 50

require-pressure-to-show
Require pressure to show the dash

I have this enabled ^^


I can only vouch for the GE60 2PE (Apache Pro), as I own the model, or rather a variant of it... Mine has an i7 4700HQ CPU, 8GB of ram and a Kingston V300 SSD I slammed in there for good measure.

I am running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (since every other version before that has no Ethernet/Wi-Fi). Installation was of no trouble.

It runs very stable (which is to be expected), however I've found that not everything works, most importantly the USB 2.0 ports. They almost always have erratic behaviour, in the sense that if I connect my mouse it is not usable (very jerky movement), and if I connect my Nexus 5 I can't transfer anything over MTP. USB 3.0 works, though.

I think the above issue already makes it a deal breaker, but among other things, sometimes turning the Touchpad off makes it unusable unless you reboot and you cannot take advantage of the RGB backlit keyboard features without some tinkering. Bluetooth doesn't seem to work properly either.

Well, this about sums it up for my experiences. Take all this with a grain of salt, perhaps the USB issue is my fault. You can always give it a try, I can at least guarantee you that you won't blow up the laptops by doing so. ;)


You've used WUBI to install Ubuntu and WUBI is deprecated.

Have a look here instead on how to install Ubuntu.


Plasma

The plasma is using the svg images to theme the plasma desktop and the widgets. More of the plasma themes: https://techbase.kde.org/Development/Tutorials/Plasma/Theme

The notes plasma widget / plasmoid background image is the notes.svg(z).

From the deb packages the themes are installed to the  /usr/share/kde4/apps/desktoptheme/[THEME_NAME].

If a user adds a theme from the KDE system settings > Workspace Appearance > Desktop Theme > Get New Themes. The theme will be installed to the ~/.kde/share/apps/desktoptheme/[THEME_NAME].

The default plasma theme notes background is: /usr/share/kde4/apps/desktoptheme/default/widgets/notes.svgz


I installed thunar. While I'm happy to use Nautilus, hiding/showing parts of it is global. This is true for Thunar as well, but I can change it in thunar and use thunar only for this purpose.
I dragged the .desktop files I want from /usr/share/applictions to my Desktop and made sure they were executable. I double clicked them to "approve" them.
I launch thunar ~/Desktop, hid everything, resized the window to fit the icons I have and closed it. Then I installed xfce4-settings and ran xfce4-settings-editor. To the thunar channel I added "misc-remember-geometry" (see https://docs.xfce.org/xfce/thunar/hidden-settings) and set it to True.
Now when I start x2go in single command mode I just have it run thunar ~/Desktop and I have a remote launcher.


How do I make Nautilus show the date in the 12-hour format?

The setting that affects Nautilus is different to the setting that Ubuntu uses.

Set it for Nautilus with: gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface clock-format 12h

Bug already reported here


Can I run Ubuntu 64-bit on a Dell PowerEdge 2650?

The PowerEdge 2650 is not a 64-bit CPU and Ubuntu itself only supports 64-bit CPUs since 2017 of last year. You have two options:

You can run an older version of Ubuntu like 16.04 selecting on of the i386 builds. Note that these packages won't really be supported anymore.
You can run Debian which Ubuntu is based on which still has 32-bit support.


I've not tried this, but perhaps the following link may be useful:

http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_change_the_BIOS_bootsplash_screen


Cyrillic characters show as gibberish in rhythmbox

This is a common problem with Cyrillic id3tags encoded in Windows.

There is a python script, tag2utf, you could try to fix the encoding.

Just place the script into the same folder where the songs are, run it with python ./tag2utf-0.16.py, and follow the prompt.

Reportedly, there is also another tool, mid3iconv. It is part of the python-mutagen package in the repositories.


Encrypt the whole disk after installing 18.04

You can use Veracrypt, it's a simple tool really effective, well-known and descending from TrueCrypt, which was a really tool but depreciate for his complexity

You can try this tutorial : Encrypt data in linux with veracrypt


I hope when you say you put it on a USB, you don't mean the ISO file :)

If you did, no harm done.

An ISO file is a Disk image, and to put it on a USB, you have to write the contents of the ISO on the USB, not the ISO itself.

Process

So you can do it from the command prompt on a Mac like this:

$ diskutil list

Find your USB drive in the list.  It will look something like "/dev/disk2"

$ diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk2

Unmount the disk.

$ sudo dd bs=4M if=ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/disk2 status=progress

Write the ISO contents to the USB.

Done :)

Try booting that, and see how it goes.

Good luck!

Notes:

bs=4M tells dd to use a 4Mb block size
if= is your input file
of= is your destination
status=progress should update you a little during the process


Move characters from the start of filenames to the end (before extension) and add whitespace

This should work:

rename -n 's/^([0-9]+) (.*)\.jpg/$2 $1.jpg/' /path/to/files/*.jpg

Sample:

0324 [UNKNOWN] (Final Fantasy 9) headshot of Freya Crescent {sketch} (ORIGINAL).txt
0123 [UNKNOWN] (Final Fantasy 9) headshot of Freya Crescent {sketch} (ORIGINAL).txt
0124 [UNKNOWN] (Final Fantasy 9) headshot of Freya Crescent {sketch} (ORIGINAL).txt

Results:

rename(0123 [UNKNOWN] (Final Fantasy 9) headshot of Freya Crescent {sketch} (ORIGINAL).txt,  [UNKNOWN] (Final Fantasy 9) headshot of Freya Crescent {sketch} (ORIGINAL) 0123.txt)
rename(0124 [UNKNOWN] (Final Fantasy 9) headshot of Freya Crescent {sketch} (ORIGINAL).txt,  [UNKNOWN] (Final Fantasy 9) headshot of Freya Crescent {sketch} (ORIGINAL) 0124.txt)
rename(0324 [UNKNOWN] (Final Fantasy 9) headshot of Freya Crescent {sketch} (ORIGINAL).txt,  [UNKNOWN] (Final Fantasy 9) headshot of Freya Crescent {sketch} (ORIGINAL) 0324.txt)

Note: Tested with .txt files will also work on jpg filenames

Information:

([0-9]+): pick the numbers at the front.

(.*): pick every other thing till the file extension.

$2 $1.txt: return the captured groups with the returned group for numbers placed close to the file extension jpg and add a space before the numbers.

-n: run without changing filename so we see what files are changed and what the names are changed to, remove this to rename the files.


Is there a foolproof and easy way of determining which debs meant for ubuntu will install on debian

Dependencies are stored in the .deb. Try to install it dpkg --dry-run -i file.deb. It will preview what is missing. If you are lucky, it will be only missing dependencies and no conflicts. In this case, really install the package:

dpkg -i file.deb
apt-get install -f


other process is lock your update manager. restart your computer.

to start mysql server, you can use this command :

sudo service mysql start


Copy public key to second remote user with password authentication disabled

Since you can log on with user2, the easiest solution would be to create user1's home and ssh directories (/home/user1, /home/user1/.ssh), which will likely require superuser privileges, and either copy user2's authorized_keys file to user1 (if the all of the keys are the same), or (more secure but slightly more complicated) copy user1's public key to the remote machine with scp. From the local machine:

scp ~/.ssh/pubkey_file user2@host1:/some/folder/

and then place the key into /home/user1/.ssh/authorized_keys. Logged in to the remote machine,

cat /some/folder/pubkey_file > /home/user1/.ssh/authorized_keys

You'll want to make sure that all of the folder and file privileges are set correctly, of course. Easiest is to compare them to the privileges on user2's ssh files and folders.


Remove drive partitions before Installing 12.04?

If you are sure that you won't use Windows then install Ubuntu on the 40Gig from DVD/USB. You can then use the 2nd drive to store your personal data - this will make it easier to upgrade. You can remove the partitions on it after you installed Ubuntu on the 40Gig by opening Disks from the dash.

If you want to keep Windows for just in case then just install Ubuntu on the 80Gig from a DVD/USB. The install should give you the option to clear the whole drive and install Ubuntu after you choose it as the drive to install Ubuntu to.


(16.04) How can I remotely control an Ubuntu desktop outside of its local network using another Ubuntu?

SSH should work for you

  sudo apt install openssh-server

then, if you have ufw enabled, do sudo ufw allow ssh

now. you need to set up port forwarding to your computer from the router. then, do curl icanhazip.com to find your public IP address.

if you want to remotely access your computer from inside the same network, find your private IP address with either iwconfig or ifconfig.

when you are ready to access your computer remotely, go to the client (the computer you will be accessing from) and do install openssh-client

  sudo apt install openssh-client

now. FINALLY you can access your remote desktop by doing ssh [username]@[IP] replace [username] with the username of the user you want to access and [IP] with the public or private IP of the remote desktop.

--Good Luck!


Set up autorotate of screen in 18.10 with Wayland

The good old xrandr -o [rotation] won't work in Ubuntu 18.

The working command to rotate screen in Ubuntu 18 is

xrandr --output [display port] --rotate [rotation]

with

[rotation] being, as before, one of normal, left, right or inverted;
[display port]: unless you already know yours (HDMI, DP, eDP...), you can

run xrandr alone and read through what it says to find the one which is said to be connected;

or
run xrandr | egrep -o '^.+ connected' | cut -d " " -f 1 to have Shell bring it to you.

With the two commands put together, you have:

o=$(xrandr | egrep -o '^.+ connected' | cut -d " " -f 1); xrandr --output $o --rotate [rotation]

or

xrandr --output $(xrandr | egrep -o '^.+ connected' | cut -d " " -f 1) --rotate [rotation]


Apache gives "forbidden" if the client's IP address is IPv6

Make sure that in the Apache configuration the VirtualHost directive for your website either doesn't use IP addresses, like

<VirtualHost *:80>

or includes your IPv6 addresses, too, like:

<VirtualHost 192.168.178.50:80 [fe80::219:99ff:fe6c:74a5]:80>


err:msi:ITERATE_Actions Execution halted, action L"writeTncConfigFile...." returned 1603

Try to re-/install or upgrade your .NET framework (4.5.3+) as per this thread.

You can also try to run MSI installer by:

wine msiexec /i filename.msi


Is there an ubuntu setup guide for pure-ftp-mysql?

Have a look at The Perfect Server - Ubuntu 13.04 (nginx, BIND, Dovecot, ISPConfig 3). While he focuses on working with ISpConfig he also tell a lot about PureFTP and the rest.

Just keep in mind that you should use sudo -i instead of sudo su to get a shell with root privileges - and omit software/packages you don't intend to use.


Kubuntu 15.04 fails to install along windows 7

Along with that link you posted, this link may help you as well:
https://rog.asus.com/forum/showthread.php?51442-Maximus-VI-Hero-Disabling-Secure-Boot
It seems other people have also tried to install another OS in UEFI mode, but found the same screen you've been plagued by. Generally, I disable secure boot completely when installing another OS as secure boot is supposed to prevent malware from being installed into the Boot ROM, but usually ends up blocking the user from external booting as well.


The 4GB USB drive is too small for a full install of Ubuntu 14.04

The installer should have refused to install Ubuntu in a 3.5 GB partition. A full install requires about 5GB / partition. So you will need at least an 8 GB USB drive. I recommend a 16 or 32 GB drive if you intend to install many programs and store large personal files.

One thing to remember when you install Ubuntu on an USB drive, from a Live USB is to make sure you choose the correct destination drive for installation as well as the bootloader location.

Your drives are denoted by /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc etc. Say /dev/sdc is the correct USB drive (check by size). Then during install make sure you choose /dev/sdc for bootloader location. Don't choose partitions inside such as /dev/sdc1. Choosing the whole drive (rather than a partition in it) will install the bootloader in the MBR of that USB drive.

There are other ways of doing a full install in an USB, such as using a virtual machine. See How do I install Ubuntu to a USB key? (without using Startup Disk Creator) for more details.

Hope this helps


During installation, do not connect to the internet or wifi, as it could be trying to download updates and failing miserably.  This is a common occurence.

The installer does take a very long time to boot, so if you just be very patient and leave it, it may start up properly.

Another problem I have also read about is that you burned the disc with a very high speed for a CD, such as 24x.  Another user has also had this issue, and burned the CD to a slower read speed and managed to get the installer to boot and work.  That issue is here

Also, since it is a new build, are you sure your hard drive and everything is connected correctly?  I've never heard of the installer not booting up because of an unconnected hdd, but that may also be the issue.

I'm also assuming that since your computer is completely knew, that you don't have a Windows or Mac installation already present.  If you do reply and I will update my question.

I hope I have given you some help in your troubles :)


How to write an init script that will execute an existing start script in Ubuntu 20.04?

There are two common ways to start a service on Ubuntu:

Making a service file in /etc/init.d directory.

You can check the existing ones as examples. There used to be a template file named skeleton which is no more exists. However you can find a basic example and more help by running man init-d-script.
After creating the file run sudo update-rc.d myservice defaults to install your service (here referred as myservice). refer to update-rec.d, Then you can start and stop your service using sudo service myservice start

The second and recommended or new one is creating a SystemD service.

To know the difference with the above check: Difference between systemctl init.d and service
Here is a simple example of how to create and run your service:
https://www.linode.com/docs/quick-answers/linux/start-service-at-boot/
You can also refer to his manual page for detailed descriptions of these two styles:
http://0pointer.de/public/systemd-man/daemon.html


Can I switch back to Windows 10 after i completely wiped it off my hard drive?

Getting Windows 10 is easy: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10

If you saved your original Product Key, then you should be all set.
If not, Windows 10 is supposed to read the key from UEFI. Sometimes it works.

If you need to read your original Product Key from UEFI using Ubuntu:

sudo strings /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/MSDM

If you have somehow deleted all record of your original Product Key, then you must purchase a new one from Microsoft.


Need right-click on MacBook (Intel mid-2010) w/ Xubuntu 18.04.1 LTS

I have a solution for this :) Hopefully I am not too late.  I just got right click working with Debian 9 on a Late 2007 Macbook (3,1) but my reading suggests the same process should work in ubuntu. But had to come up with it myself, couldn't find it anywhere on the internet, just people suggesting alternative solutions like two finger click, or that I give up.

We will use xbindkeys to detect pressing the command and mouse button at the same time and xdotool to emulate a right click when this happens.

Firstly install xbindkeys and xdotool

sudo apt-get install xbindkeys xdotool

Now we need to find out what the key you want to use with the mouse button to get right click is,
Run,

xbindkeys -k

The last two lines should look something like this,

m:0x40 + c:37
Mod4 + Super_L

Note the last line, its what you need to make right click work.

Then create a file in your home directory called .xbindkeysrc

touch .xbindkeysrc

Edit the file and add this, (Add the quotes also)

"xdotool click --clearmodifiers 3"
  Mod4 + Super_L + b:1 + Release

In your case replace Mod4 + Super_L with what was returned when you pressed the key you want to use for right click.

Now reboot or logout (I just reboot to be certain lol)
You should find now that pressing the key you want results in a simulated right click.

If you using Gnome 3 and overview, keeps popping up when you press Command, install GNOME Tweak Tool (Not sure if its installed by default on Ubuntu) and under "Keyboard and Mouse" change "Switch between overview and desktop" to "Right super"
then you left command key won't open overview anymore.

If you'd like to swap you Left Control key with the Left Command key to get MacOS type copy, paste etc short cuts and Left Control + Click for right click then do this,

First, You need to swap the keybindings on those two keys in xkb. I edited my files directly

Edit, /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc

Find the part that has,

key <LFSH> {    [ Shift_L       ]   };
key <LCTL> {    [ Control_L     ]   };
key <LWIN> {    [ Super_L       ]   };

And swap Control_L and Super_L like this,

key <LFSH> {    [ Shift_L       ]   };
key <LCTL> {    [ Super_L       ]   };
key <LWIN> {    [ Control_L     ]   };

Make SURE you edit carefully, if you screw this file up your computer will just stop on a black screen without even reaching the login page and you'll need a ubuntu install disc and need to correct the file via rescue mode. (I thought I'd bricked my install)

Then reboot and check that binding is swapped.

Hope this not too long, I don't think I've answered a question before


I've had some issues with NetworkManager and (I think) systemd, especially when updating older systems.  I've found that by playing with /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf, I can fix a few issues.

First, if I do not declare the interfaces in /etc/interfaces (which we should not do with NetworkManager), then we must also have:

[ifupdown]
managed=false

To fix issues with NetworkManager and my wireless card (which uses wl), I've had to add the following to prevent issues:

[device-mac-randomization]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no

This second entry helps when I see that NetworkManager thinks the device is not ready.


Try nmtui

nmtui — Text User Interface for controlling NetworkManager

nmtui [edit | connect | hostname] [...]
nmtui-edit [connection-id | connection-name]
nmtui-connect [connection-name | connection-uuid | device-name | Wi-Fi-SSID]
nmtui-hostname


You need to run gcc in a directory where your C code is stored, so first use:

cd /home/your-user-name/path-to-program-dir

and then run gcc. To make sure that you have to C file in same directory use

ls *.c

which will show you all the C files in current directory. If you are not sure in which directory your code is stored then you may want to use

find


How can I tell if all the hardware in my system has correctly installed drivers?

Dash, type in "test" and it will show a test suite.When started it will take a while collecting and then show this:

It will take a while but the end result will be a full report.

Besides that... if you do no run into crashes or get error notices it basically works. Ubuntu (Linux in general) uses generic drivers. So if you can use it it works ;)

For you graphics card there is an alternative to go 3rd party (proprietary).

Dash, search for "software & updates":


When we execute any command in the terminal it is going to look for it in the PATH environment variable. By using ./ (relative path) we are telling the shell to look for that command in our current directory.

Check echo $PATH

There are two way to execute any commands

Putting its path in the PATH environment variable
Using the full path or a relative path to that programme (Ex. /opt/xyz/bin/someprogramme )


shell sript to read source file and use the key in the script

You can solve it using eval.

eval - construct command by concatenating arguments

Modify your script as follows:

#!/bin/bash
source /data/output/QAScripts/conf.ini
eval var='$'"$1"path
echo $var

then run it like this:

$ ./foo LST
/data/bb/loader

where,

$ cat /data/output/QAScripts/conf.ini
LSTpath=/data/bb/loader


Why does "ubuntu-bug" launch Ubuntu Software Center?

You should run ubuntu-bug linux in a terminal to report a bug against the kernel. As ubuntu-bug is not a normal application itself, when you search for ubunu-bug in the dash, the first result will be Ubuntu Software Center and when you press Enter, it will be launched. To run ubuntu-bug from the dash, you will need to press Alt+F2 to bring up the run entry, and then you can type ubuntu-bug linux there to file a bug against the kernel.

If you are having some problem with that, you can go to https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux to report a bug against the kernel.


As far as I know PulseAudio is an audio server with the ability to route sound in the way you want.

Install PulseAudio Volume Control to be able to change where inputs and outputs go.

sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

In this manner I have routed Skype output to my headset only and my mic solely into Skype, Whilst having everything else running through my PC speakers.


The ubuntuforums link that you followed is a technique to patch the driver to ignore an NVM Checksum error. This error prevents the driver from loading at all. The first symptom is that the device appears as unclaimed in lshw. As well, the error is quite apparent in dmesg; it usually manifests like:

[1.049935] e1000e 0000:00:1f.6: The NVM Checksum Is Not Valid
[1.084914] e1000e: probe of 0000:00:1f.6 failed with error -5

Since the driver won’t load, no interface such as your enp0s31f6 is created.

Incidentally, for the benefit of the searchers, there are much easier ways than hacking the driver to solve the NVM Checksum error. Please see: https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2351572 Essentially, it involves downloading a bit of code from Intel and running it to tell the hardware that the checksum it has is correct. Afterwards, the driver sees no checksum error, loads and runs.

It is not productive, in my opinion, to apply the checksum fix in a setting where no checksum error is evident.

In your case, I suggest that you run:

sudo ethtool enp0s31f6

I suspect you will find, in part:

Speed: Unknown!
Duplex: Unknown!

You could try telling the interface what speed and duplex to assume to see if it is helpful:

sudo ethtool -s enp0s31f6 speed 1000 duplex full autoneg on

Does the interface spring to life? If so, we can make the parameters persistent.

If none of this helps, as I strongly suspect, then I believe that the ethernet jack on the motherboard or one or more of the PCB traces to the actual chip is defective.

Intel gigabit ethernet cards are inexpensive and readily available. I suggest that you abandon the defective on-board chip.


From the policykit documentation:

  The log() method writes the given message to the system logger
  prefixed with the JavaScript filename and line number. Log entries are
  emitted using the LOG_AUTHPRIV flag meaning that the log entries
  usually ends up in the file /var/log/secure. The log() method is
  usually only used when debugging rules. The Action and Subject types
  has suitable toString() methods defined for easy logging, for
  example,

polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
    if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.policykit.exec") {
        polkit.log("action=" + action);
        polkit.log("subject=" + subject);
    }
});

  will produce the following when the user runs pkexec -u bateman bash -i from a shell:

May 24 14:28:50 thinkpad polkitd[32217]: /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/10-test.rules:3: action=[Action id='org.freedesktop.policykit.exec' command_line='/usr/bin/bash -i' program='/usr/bin/bash' user='bateman' user.gecos='Patrick Bateman' user.display='Patrick Bateman (bateman)']
May 24 14:28:50 thinkpad polkitd[32217]: /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/10-test.rules:4: subject=[Subject pid=1352 user='davidz' groups=davidz,wheel, seat='seat0' session='1' local=true active=true]

This type of log events is usually found in /var/log/auth.log in Debian and its derivatives including Ubuntu.

Source: /var/log/secure not present in 14.04 ,is there any alternative?


Missing icons in context menu in Ubuntu 12.04

[UPDATE]
Sometimes the method below does not work (or maybe never?)

However I managed to enable/disable menu icons with gnome-tweak-tool under "Theme".

[/UPDATE]

You need to install dconf-tools first

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

Then you can run dconf-editor from terminal

sudo dconf-editor

Now navigate to org.gnome.desktop.interface and look out for

menus-have-icons

and activate the checkbox. You are good to go now.

Additionally you might want to activate icons on Buttons, too. Its in the same settings container:

buttons-have-icons

same procedure as with menus-have-icons, just activate the checkbox and you are good to go.

Good Luck and have Fun!


Is there a way to force format write protected pendrive

You can use GParted to format partitions.

Unmount all the partitions on the USB stick, and then delete them. You can then create partitions as you like - creating a new partition table first (under Device) may also help. The is some documentation here if you need any.

This should effectively wipe any partitions and any data in them. - remember to click this green button, or it won't do anything :

Be sure what you are formatting - the computer's primary hard drive is usually sda, and may contain important things (e.g. dual booted windows)


After inserting the card, run dmesg in a terminal, to see if the card was detected at all. I in doubt, try with your working card to see what output to expect.

If you dont see it in dmesg output, it is broken. Buy a new one.


Use displays connected to different graphic cards

That is cause due the laptop screen is running in the low performance intel graphic, you could try to bypass completely the intel graphic and run also the laptop screen under nvidia graphic.
You can be done in a couple of way, first (if possible) disable dinamic graphic from bios or use xrandrd.

Here a guided solution, it is from debian wiki but should work out also in Ubuntu: https://wiki.debian.org/NvidiaGraphicsDrivers/Optimus

Update

Another solution a bit more difficult is to configure manually the xorg server as you want, by a quick research I find out this, may could help you: https://superuser.com/questions/117239/how-can-i-get-multiple-video-cards-to-work-on-linux

you have to define two Screen, and assign each Screen to desired device


How to do unattended installation for packages which ask the same question?

Worst case, you can always run with DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive. This will suppress all questions

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install kdm


Finding out if an Ubuntu release is still supported on the command line?

Running ubuntu-support-status will tell you how long support lasts of everything you have installed, here's the output of mine as an example:

Support status summary of 'ivory':

You have 1904 packages (75.7%) supported until April 2021 (5y)
You have 14 packages (0.6%) supported until January 2022 (5y)
You have 83 packages (3.3%) supported until April 2019 (3y)
You have 237 packages (9.4%) supported until January 2017 (9m)

You have 80 packages (3.2%) that can not/no-longer be downloaded
You have 197 packages (7.8%) that are unsupported

Run with --show-unsupported, --show-supported or --show-all to see more details


How do I disable Compiz in the Ubuntu Classic session?

The easiest way is to use the session that's there to do exactly what you want. ;-)

Log out.

At the GDM login screen choose the Ubuntu Classic (No effects) session:

Log in.
→ You will be in a classic GNOME session without Compiz. Subsequent logins will use this session as default.


creating text file with regards to file names

here the while cycle could be good for reach your goal:

while read element
do
    if [ -f jplg${element}* ]; then
        echo jplg${element}* >> datafiles.txt
    fi
done < digit.txt

Code is supposed to be run in to the path were the files are and give you as per result a file list in the file datafiles.txt with the complete name of the file if was matched in the list in the file digit.txt


Mount point label randomly modified on mount

Update:
I think, your problem is with a bad FAT partitiion. Try formatting the partition using Disk-utility and give it a name too. Then mount the drive.

I think, you have already a folder in /media with the name Storage.

First remove the external drive

Then remove the folder
sudo rmdir /media/Storage

Then insert the external drive again.

I think, it should solve the problem.


Find file by content - Simple GUI-based solution


What to do when Ubuntu support ends? How do you port your data to a newer version of Ubuntu?

If you're talking about 14.04 the support already ended. Regardless of the flavor please install a supported release. Any LTS release is supported for 5 years (all the others have 9 months only). The newest LTS - 18.04 -  has support until 2023.

And yes, any release can be upgraded on-line.


Darktable shows RAW (.NEF) in pink in darkroom

The problem got solved by updating the Darktable to 1.6. As there Darktable below 1.6 does not supports D5300 Camera.


How do I change the default overflow size in Ubuntu

This task has been converted to an upstart job in Ubuntu, so the file you are looking for is /etc/init/mounted-tmp.conf.


I use Ubuntu-MATE 16.04 and I have freezes when i play dota 2 but I think this is a steam and radeon driver problem. About identifying the problem:

If it's an xorg problem the you can see the file ~/.xsession-errors or the file /var/log/Xorg.0.log as described here:
Where is Xserver log file located?
There's also the application Logs from the package gnome-logs (I use the application Log File Viewer from the package mate-utils) to see various log files.
If you are suspicious what application causes the problem, for example firefox, then run in terminal firefox |tee firefox.txt and this will create a firefox.txt file at your home folder with the output of the command firefox, so even if your system freezes then you can read the file firefox.txt afterwards and see if there was an error.

Hope that helps.


Trying to use squeezelite with existing PulseAudio outputs

This answer is about getting rid of that squeezelite blocks audio.

This was probably because squeezelite was directly using the ALSA device.

Solution for this: Specify the output device used by squeezelite.

squeezelite -o pulse

Btw all devices are listed with

squeezelite -l

Note: At least very recent versions (using here with 17.04: 1.8-3build1) use by default this output, i.e. '-o default' should be the same as '-o pulse'.


Keys get "stuck" randomly and type endless line of a particular letter/command

In Ubuntu 18.04 issue this command:

$ gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard repeat
true

If the result is true then turn off keyboard repeat using this command:

$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard repeat false

The other related commands you can use are:

$ gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard delay
uint32 500
$ gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard repeat-interval
uint32 30


Change the

adresses: [46.16.78.229/32]

to

adresses: [46.16.78.229/24]

/32 indicates that it is a subnet with only 46.16.78.229 in the network, with no access to any other IP addresses. Thus your computer has no idea of how to reach your configured GW.


How do i fix the slow scroll in browsers and high XOrg cpu usage

I  would say that this is normal usage. It takes plenty of effort for the cpu to redraw the screen. That being said, the smooth-scrolling option and extensions in Firefox make the scrolling somewhat erratic, compared to Chromium and Opera. Simply scrolling up and down (with a smooth-scrolling extension) causes cpu usage to spike for Firefox but not for Xorg. For me with Chromium however, Xorg spikes more. I have a an old ARM11 smartphone without a graphics chip and I get better scrolling on that then on my desktop. A smartphone with a graphics chip can get 60fps while scrolling a webpage. Chromium 14 is supposed to have proper smooth scrolling baked in, utilizing the graphics chip. Hardware acceleration in Firefox is supposed to arrive in v6 but for me, running b2 with an nvidia card, the scrolling has not improved. Hardware acceleration in Opera was supposed to arrive with the latest version (11.50) but it didn't make it.


Linux Kernel v2.6.34 Compilation error on Ubuntu 16.04

Books you're reading are just outdated. Ubuntu 16.04 comes with kernel 4.4. Anything below this verion is simply too old to build on modern distros. Go to https://www.kernel.org/ for longterm versions of linux kernels, and look for books that keeps up with modern days. Not to mention that 16.04 is also 3 years old. You should consider at least current LTS version instead.


Cannot scan for WiFi networks with BCM4321

First, check if your ethernet driver is b44. If so, we will use that information in a possible later step.

sudo lshw -C network

Next, I suggest, for your rather rare and lightly documented wireless device, that we try the proprietary driver:

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

If it turns out that your ethernet driver is b44, it will now effectively be blacklisted. Please try:

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-bcm43.conf

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit. There is a line there that reads:

blacklist ssb

Comment it out like this:

#blacklist ssb

Proofread, save and close the text editor. If your ethernet driver is not b44, this step is unnecessary.

Reboot and tell us if the wireless and ethernet are working.


Booting stuck at : "A start job is running for /dev/mapper/cryptswap1"

Two stabs in the darks.

Could you try to modify the swap description in /etc/fstab to

/dev/mapper/cryptswap1 none swap defaults 0 0

and in /etc/cryptab to

cryptswap1 UUID=10aaab21-f2ae-4e25-8f0b-55f444620108 /dev/urandom swap,offset=1024,cipher=aes-xts-plain64,size=512

A list idea would be to refer to the swap volume by its path rather than by its UUID, resulting in something like

cryptswap1 /dev/mapper/whatever--vg0-whatever /dev/urandom swap,offset=1024,cipher=aes-xts-plain64

Please not that it will not be crypt /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 as this is the device name after being turn in an encrypted swap by dm-crypt.


Trouble Linking index.html to css folder in 16.04

you have to place your css folder in the html folder so /var/www/html/css/...
you can do this by

sudo mv /var/www/css /var/www/html/css

OR you have to reference href="../css/basic.css"

But usually you should prefer the first way.

Anyway in both cases make sure you have the rights set correctly e.g. by

sudo chown -R <username>:www-data /var/www/html/css

or in the second case

sudo chown -R <username>:www-data /var/www/css


Problems difference with installing drivers for nVIDEA GTS 450

You can install drivers by running in terminal

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-prime


This is a normal error message stating the file does NOT exist. I get the same reply if I issue that command at a random location:

rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ tar fvxz file_name.tar.gz
tar (child): file_name.tar.gz: Cannot open: No such file or directory
tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
tar: Child returned status 2
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now

If you got the extraction instruction from a site you probably need to change "file_name" to the actual name of the download. It sounds like a generic command for extracting a tar.gz file.


Implications of manually adding a user to the staff group

Ok, as nudged by @muru, I'm posting an answer to my own question, to the extent I can. The file file:///usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html includes detailed information on groups and permissions. A mirror of this page can be found here: Users and Groups

Accordingly:

  staff

  Allows users to add local modifications to the system (/usr/local, /home) without needing root privileges. Compare with group adm, which is more related to monitoring/security.

  Note that the ability to modify /usr/local is effectively equivalent to root access (since /usr/local is intentionally on search paths ahead of /usr), and so you should only add trusted users to this group. Be careful in environments using NFS since acquiring another non-root user's privileges is often easier in such environments.

Of course adm is already in my groups so I can do dmesg. But I had to manually add myself to staff

Logging a list of directories owned by staff shows that all these belong to one of these:

sudo find / -maxdepth 8 -type d -group staff -perm -g=w >>stafflog.txt

/var/local
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local/share

No wonder the membership of staff gives me write access to my shared programming language libraries.

checking permission for one of these:

ls -al /var/local

drwxrwsr-x  2 root staff 4096 Apr 11  2014 .
drwxr-xr-x 16 root root  4096 Aug  3 15:55 ..

So apparently the staff trick  is performed by the system by setting the directories' s bit (setguid). , so that whichever user or process creates the files in that directory, the file always runs with the permissions shared across the staff group.  See here

However I still wonder whether I can safely keep myself in this group. To my mind it should be pretty safe given this is a laptop which will at worst be accessed over a trusted LAN, via smb or ssh. The words 'effectively equivalent to root access' scare me. Any thoughts on this are welcome.


How to permanently set CPU power management to the powersave governor?

For 16.04 there's one more step to add to Jayen's answer. The complete set of steps are

sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils
echo 'GOVERNOR="powersave"' | sudo tee /etc/default/cpufrequtils
sudo update-rc.d ondemand disable

The last step disables the "ondemand" daemon, which would otherwise overwrite the changes created by cpufrequtils.

See also How I can disable CPU frequency scaling and set the system to performance?

You might also consider adding, for example, MAX_SPEED="2GHz" to /etc/default/cpufrequtils if you have an overheating, say, 2.2GHz processor, to limit the maximum possible speed.


You can use the tutorial provided by GNOME here which teaches you everything about icon themes.


Ubuntu 19.04 won't boot without hdmi connected

One possible explanation is that Ubuntu 19.04 is using a different graphics driver that has some problems. In that case, installing another graphics driver can help.

On my laptop I was able to fix a similar problem by doing this, after I had installed 19.04:

sudo apt install nvidia-driver-390


I would suggest you to use either xubuntu or lubuntu.They don't use CPU as much as ubuntu does.


Playback of cpu intensive video can be problematic if your CPU is not fast enough.

Smplayer is a frontend for mplayer.
You can install mplayer and start the playback from the console. Reading the console output is mostly very helpful. You can change the output driver.
Changing you Graphics-driver can also sometimes solve the problem.


node.js app runs from command line but gives errors when run from cron job on reboot on ubuntu 14.04 LTS

When your running the script from cron, your current working directory will be the home directory of user who the script is called for. So when your script is trying to find the relative path ./client/index.html the file does not exist.


Yes you can install ubuntu alongside Windows in your external hdd.
It's the same way you install in your internal hdd.
Check this out :
Install Ubuntu and Windows in Dual boot


Make Ubuntu automatically force reboot before fully loading

I don't think I can help you with your second question, but I may be able to help you with the first question. It's unfortunately not automatic, but you can hit alt+PrtSc, then while holding those two, type in this order R E I S U B (Busier backwards). This will force Ubuntu to reboot (safely).

Hope this helped,
sanserfio


After some more research I've found a solution which is described in this thread in German.

You have to add i8042.reset i8042.nomux i8042.nopnp i8042.noloop to the kernel boot options. You can do this permanently by adding these arguments to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT attribute in the file /etc/default/grub.

Then it looks like this.

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash i8042.reset i8042.nomux i8042.nopnp i8042.noloop"

After that you just need to enter this command and reboot:

sudo update-grub


This is by design (by ubuntu developers).

Numerous users have complained about this and filed bugs regarding it. But the Ubuntu developers have not been responsive to implementing this feature request. The situation is much worse for users who use dconf-editor to disable the unnecessary "are you sure" prompts that appear when users request Shutdown, Logoff, etc. When this is activated, there literally is no way to shutdown via GUI.

You only have two options (far as I know) to Restart the computer in 12.04. Use the cumbersome and inefficient "are you sure" prompt that occurs when you select Shutdown.... Or restart via Terminal (which involves having to type in your password everytime!) with the command sudo shutdown -r 0


The do-release-upgrade command changes your sources.

To change your sources back:

Edit /etc/apt/sources.list (requires sudo).

sudoedit /etc/apt/sources.list          // CLI
//OR//
sudo -H gedit /etc/apt/sources.list     // GUI

Review each line carefully: Each line that says 'bionic' change back to 'xenial'.
When complete and saved, run sudo apt update.


Keeping "info" lines visible after quitting "info"?

To get info for the ls command, for example, and keep it on screen after you quit, this might work:

env TERM=vt220 info ls

I don't think it will work as an alias, but you could make your own script called info and put it earlier in your $PATH than /usr/bin/info.

env TERM=vt220 /usr/bin/info "$1"


Trying to install wine for play on linux

Adding the PPA Repository:

Open the Software Sources menu by launching the Ubuntu Software Center and selecting Edit->Software Sources. Choose the Other Software tab and click Add.

Then, copy and paste the line below.

ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa

Warning: Beta packages

The 1.7 packages here are beta packages. This means they will periodically suffer from regressions, and as a result an update may break functionality in Wine. If the stable 1.6 Wine version works for you, then you may not want to use these beta packages.

Installing Wine:

Once you have added the repository, you are ready to install.

To get the most recent Wine 1.7 beta, paste apt://wine1.7 in address bar.

To install the older, stable Wine 1.6 version, paste apt://wine1.6 in address bar.

Alternative Command Line Instructions for Installing Wine:

It is also possible to add the PPA and install via the terminal.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install wine1.7


"show desktop" with "hot corners" not working!

I was able to solve the problem by brute force.

Moving every single option in CompizConfig Settings Manager I did find that when Unity was disabled then Show Desktop works as expected with the HOT CORNERS.

So i click every single checkmark in Ubuntu Unity Plugin to finally find that Show Live Previews of Windows in the Switcher was the one to blame. (After unchecking it hot corners works as expected.


Ubuntu to have multiple clones on one external drive

Yes.  Quite seamless.

When you create a clone backup, the backup will store in a directory by a unique name.  The system will prompt you with the name to save it to of which you can modify the name.

The default name will have the date and time as part of the name.  You can append or prefix that default date and time name with specifics like full-backup-of-kids-computer.  For instance:

kids-computer-20160111

The name you specify will be a directory where the actual backup would be stored.

If you decide to do another backup of the same computer you can specify something unique such as:

kids-computer-20160111-B

The basic cloning options

With Clonezilla you will have two cloning options.  You can either clone device to image or device to device.  If you clone device to device (which is drive to drive) the target drive will become a clone of the source drive.

If you clone device to image you would have the options described above.  The source drive would be save to a folder on the destination drive.


Those commands from link you posted actually work. However, you need to do it differently. Here is how I did:

Copy just bootlogo from live CD (or extracted folder) in temporary folder (i will give example in ~/tmp/isolinux/).

Now navigate to the folder and extract bootlogo with command:

cd ~/tmp/isolinux
cpio -i < bootlogo

After this output in terminal must be 1684 blocks (or diferent if it changes).

cat bootlogo | cpio -t > ~/tmp/list

Again, output must be 1684 blocks.

Now edit files and build bootlogo file with:

cpio -o < ~/tmp/list > bootlogo

Again, same amount of blocks must be present (if not changed by you).

And finally, copy other files from /LiveCD/isolinux into your temporary folder (excluding bootlogo ofc.), now you can also copy edited files and overwrite original (or simply skip while copying from LiveCD).

Now it will work.


Ubuntu 13.04 will not boot after install?

We'd need more information about your problem, so we can help. What exactly happens when you try booting? Can you boot in fail-safe and try installing video drivers? (not sure if nouveau drivers are installed by default even if you was using other brand like Intel or AMD graphics at the time of the install. (In my humble opinion, seems like a xorg issue.)

*Hope i help in some way.


What is the difference between "Nautilus", "Files"  and  "Home Folder"?

Nautilus is your graphical file browser. "Files" and "Home" in the HUD both launch Nautilus in my Home folder in 12.04. Don't remember this behavior in 11.10, but then I never paid much attention to it in the HUD instead preferring to launch it from the Launcher or a command line.

No matter how you launch it, it's still Nautilus the file browser. Much like Windows Explorer (not internet explorer) was the file browser for Windows whether you launched Explorer or clicked Computer in the menu. To verify it's still the same Nautilus no matter how you launch it, just Click HELP and select ABOUT.

Once you launch Nautilus which ever way you prefer, you can always revert to the entire File System by clicking File System in the Computer menu along the left.


The eclipse icon on my KDE desktop looks wrong

If installed from software center, the icon is located here /usr/share/pixmaps/eclipse.png

It looks like your icon description links to the binary not the icon file(it should probably end in xpm or png).

Tested on 12.04 LTS


Multimedia keys do not work with Spotify

Try out Spotify Gnome

  Spotify-Gnome is a program that provides Gnome media key support for the Spotify Linux client. It supports the play/pause, stop, next, and previous signals, and is compatible with both Gnome 2 and Gnome 3.


Ubuntu installation from Windows 7, reboots again

So your running the installation whilst your booted into Windows 7.

Verify that the files have been installed to the correct partition, and they exist on disk:

if so:

Is there an entry in your boot menu? (msconfig.exe > boot) or check via command line: bcdedit (run cmd with admin rights)

Basic output without ubuntu installed would be:

C:\Windows\system32>bcdedit

Windows Boot Manager
--------------------
identifier              {bootmgr}
device                  partition=C:
description             Windows Boot Manager
locale                  en-US
inherit                 {globalsettings}
default                 {current}
resumeobject            {8464683a-2de9-11e2-8421-e47db9542646}
displayorder            {current}
toolsdisplayorder       {memdiag}
timeout                 10

Windows Boot Loader
-------------------
identifier              {current}
device                  partition=C:
path                    \Windows\system32\winload.exe
description             Windows 7
locale                  en-US
inherit                 {bootloadersettings}
recoverysequence        {8464683c-2de9-11e2-8421-e47db9542646}
recoveryenabled         Yes
osdevice                partition=C:
systemroot              \Windows
resumeobject            {8464683a-2de9-11e2-8421-e47db9542646}
nx                      OptIn

C:\Windows\system32>

check if a second entry to boot to linux has been created, if it hasn't then search up online on how tocreate the boot entry


Open the Dash and find GShutdown. Drag and Drop it from the Dash to your Home folder.
Now open a terminal and run the following command to edit the launcher:

gedit gshutdown.desktop

Change the text after Exec= to your new command:

Save the file and close it. Now copy the launcher to your local application folder:

cp gshutdown.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/

If you have GShutdown on your Launcher, remove it and then launch GShutdown from the Dash. You should be prompted for your password as you would expect.


totally portable ubuntu installation on flash drive?

I suggest using Unetbootin for putting Ubuntu on a flash drive. Just select an amount of megabytes of "persistence" that will store data through reboots.


mod_expires won't work after enabled in apache2.conf

The expires module requires the headers module to work.
sudo a2enmod headers
sudo service apache2 reload

Other than that, your configuration seems fine.
But in order to stop PageSpeed Insights from complaining, you just need to increase the expiry time of your resources from 2 days to a value greater or equal to 7 days.
You just need to modify the following line:
ExpiresDefault "access plus 2 days"

From the PageSpeed Insights docs:

We recommend a minimum cache time of one week and preferably up to one year for static assets, or assets that change infrequently.


Changing the location of a vmdk virtualbox ubuntu 16.04

I have encountered this.  You can move the file without errors if you use the VirtualBox Virtual Media Manager.  It's found under the File menu.  When you open it, you'll see a screen like this:

Find the file you want to move and right-click it.  Choose the Release option.  You will get an "are you sure" popup if the file is associated with a VM, that's OK. Just get it to disappear from the list by clicking the Release button on the box.

Now move your file, then go into the settings for your virtual machine and add the virtual hard drive back.  You shouldn't see this "already exists" error any more.

I do not know what to do about the network error.  You might want to ask a different question about that one, if after you move the file, you still get that.


USB-C to Mini Display Port not detected on 16.04

You have to install DisplayLink, you can use the official documentation from this link. Get the latest version from Official website

https://www.displaylink.com/downloads/ubuntu

And then:

Install unzip: sudo apt install unzip
Extract the downloaded file (or right click, extract): unzip ~/Download/Display...
Enable execution bit on bin file: chmod +x ./displaylink-driver-xxxxx.run
Finally run the installer: sudo ./displaylink-driver-xxxxx.run
Remove installer and LICENSE file: rm displaylink-driver-4.4.24.run LISENSE

Official install guide:

https://support.displaylink.com/knowledgebase/articles/684649-how-to-install-displaylink-software-on-ubuntu


Network card is not working, after installing Ubuntu on my Dell All-In-One 19

Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection, open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+t and do:

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-lpphy-installer
sudo modprobe -r b43 && sudo modprobe b43

Detach the ethernet and the wireless should be working.

To be certain the module loads on boot:

gksudo gedit /etc/modules

Add a single line at the end:

b43

Proofread, save and close gedit. You should be all set.


Logging Issues with SFTP bash script in Cron Job

Since I was redirecting output to files, I thought my case was different, but it was essentially solved by this post:
"(CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)" error in the syslog

I didn't have any redirection for "stderr".

Coming from a Windows background, it was just incredible to me that mail would be used to log error, rather than writing them to a file.

Linux uses mail for sending notifications to the user. Most Linux distributions have a mail service including an MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) installed. Ubuntu doesn't though.

You can install a mail service, postfix for example, to solve this problem.

sudo apt-get install postfix

Then to view the errors:

sudo tail -f /var/mail/nealwalters

(where nealwalters can be substituted with your user).


17.10: Find which script is putting "search somedomain.edu" in resolv.conf on startup

It seems systemd-resolve is in charge of updating these lines from the answer it gets from DHCP.

The issue you encounter is that for hosts in the domains listed in the search directive, it will fail if the system is badly configured.

In my case, I was not able to pin-point the exact reason for failure, but a dpkg-reconfigure resolvconf as suggested by https://askubuntu.com/a/972781 solved the issue for me.

Note that in my case, the /etc/resolv.conf link was left unchanged by reconfiguration, but something else must have changed and has solved the problem for me.


Unable to update virus definitions in ClamAV/ClamTK

Step #1:

In terminal...

cd /var/log
ls -al

Do you see an entry that looks like this...

drwxr-xr-x  2 clamav  clamav 4.0K Jun  4 07:35 clamav/

Does yours look different?

cd clamav
ls -al

Do you see an entry that looks like this...

-rw-r-----  1 clamav adm     68K Jun 10 16:49 freshclam.log

Does yours look different?

Step #2:

Since you indicate that you can't find either of these directory entries, I can only assume that your clamav installation is incomplete. I'd remove it, and then reinstall it, like so...

sudo apt-get purge clamav clamtk
sudo apt-get install clamav clamtk

Step #3:

delete the current schedules in the clamtk scheduler by clicking the - icons
in terminal...

sudo apt-get purge clamav clamtk

cd

rm -r .clamtk

sudo apt-get install clamav clamtk
reinstall clamtk_5.24-1_all.deb
open clamtk, click scheduler, enter times, then click the + icons


Limiting what resumes computer from suspend

How do you suspend? Close the lid? Choose 'Suspend' from the shutdown menu? Call pm-suspend?

Have you verified the laptop actually ever properly went into suspend? Easiest indication is the slowly flashing power LED.

The starting point for debugging is to check dmesg, /var/log/syslog and /var/log/pm-suspend.log.


I've also noticed that the sound volume is lower than in windows for the same settings. After a little research I've found out, that pulseaudio bundle in ubuntu lacks of an equalizer. I found the equalizer for pulseaudio and installed it. Below I've put the package, I've used.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio-equalizer

After installation I restarted the computer (perhaps pulseaudio server restart is sufficient) and run the equalizer. I've selected laptop profile save the settings and voile, the sound is now much better.


If you prefer to keep it old school, in a terminal:

sudo mount /path/to/iso /path/to/mountpoint -o loop

This, of course, will not allow you to edit the ISO as the other mentioned tools will, but if you just need to quickly get into one and pull a few files from it, works like a charm :-)


I've never seen anything like that. Only "Splash screen" I've ever seen on Ubuntu has been the startup (And occasionally) the shutdown screens.


Accidentally added a bunch of junk files to Ubuntu One, how can I clean it up?

Go to Ubuntu One website and remove here the folder:

https://one.ubuntu.com/files/

This should delete these files definitely.


Suddenly my resolution changed and I can't change it back

install next version(390.129) using this ppa:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade


Disk Utility. Format CD-RW to blanck : Error creating filesystem

You can not format cd-r(w) media.  They are not randomly writable like other disks are.  You have to use a cd burning program ( Brasero ) to write or erase them.


ps3 bluetooth remote connected as linux input device has only one event type on 13.10

You may have already fixed this, but just in case, here's the kernel patch I used to get it working under Arch Linux with kernel 3.12.6:

diff -u linux-3.12.org/drivers/hid/hid-core.c linux-3.12/drivers/hid/hid-core.c
--- linux-3.12.org/drivers/hid/hid-core.c       2013-11-03 16:41:51.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-3.12/drivers/hid/hid-core.c   2014-01-10 19:53:45.000000000 -0700
@@ -1738,6 +1738,7 @@
        { HID_USB_DEVICE(USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH, USB_DEVICE_ID_S510_RECEIVER_2) },
        { HID_USB_DEVICE(USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH, USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_RECEIVER) },
        { HID_BLUETOOTH_DEVICE(USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH, USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_HARMONY_PS3) },
+       { HID_BLUETOOTH_DEVICE(USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH, USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_HARMONY_SMART_PS3) },
        { HID_USB_DEVICE(USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH, USB_DEVICE_ID_DINOVO_DESKTOP) },
        { HID_USB_DEVICE(USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH, USB_DEVICE_ID_DINOVO_EDGE) },
        { HID_USB_DEVICE(USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH, USB_DEVICE_ID_DINOVO_MINI) },
@@ -2347,7 +2348,8 @@
                        return true;
                break;
        case USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH:
-               if (hdev->product >= USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_HARMONY_FIRST &&
+               if (hdev->product != USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_HARMONY_SMART_PS3 &&
+                   hdev->product >= USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_HARMONY_FIRST &&
                                hdev->product <= USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_HARMONY_LAST)
                        return true;
                /*
diff -u linux-3.12.org/drivers/hid/hid-ids.h linux-3.12/drivers/hid/hid-ids.h
--- linux-3.12.org/drivers/hid/hid-ids.h        2013-11-03 16:41:51.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-3.12/drivers/hid/hid-ids.h    2014-01-10 19:47:39.000000000 -0700
@@ -542,6 +542,7 @@
 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_HARMONY_FIRST  0xc110
 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_HARMONY_LAST 0xc14f
 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_HARMONY_PS3 0x0306
+#define USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_HARMONY_SMART_PS3 0xc129
 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_RUMBLEPAD_CORD  0xc20a
 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_RUMBLEPAD       0xc211
 #define USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_EXTREME_3D      0xc215
diff -u linux-3.12.org/drivers/hid/hid-sony.c linux-3.12/drivers/hid/hid-sony.c
--- linux-3.12.org/drivers/hid/hid-sony.c       2013-11-03 16:41:51.000000000 -0700
+++ linux-3.12/drivers/hid/hid-sony.c   2014-01-10 19:47:39.000000000 -0700
@@ -709,6 +709,9 @@
        /* Logitech Harmony Adapter for PS3 */
        { HID_BLUETOOTH_DEVICE(USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH, USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_HARMONY_PS3),
                .driver_data = PS3REMOTE },
+       /* Logitech Harmony Smart Control for PS3 */
+       { HID_BLUETOOTH_DEVICE(USB_VENDOR_ID_LOGITECH, USB_DEVICE_ID_LOGITECH_HARMONY_SMART_PS3),
+               .driver_data = PS3REMOTE },
        { }
 };
 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(hid, sony_devices);

The key mapping isn't great - I'm looking into that next!


Doing disk checks on mounted OS partition?

You can perform a fsck on your root partition during the next reboot by creating a file named forcefsck in your root directory:

sudo touch /forcefsck
reboot


iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 169.254.169.254/32 --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.10:8773

This is the rule you have to place in Iptables.

hope that helps.


The system tray icons are show on primary monitor. To make a monitor primary, we need to edit ~/.config/monitors.xml.

Find the node corresponding to the monitor you want to be primary, the change

<primary>no</primary>

to

<primary>yes</primary>

Log out and log in. The system tray icons will be there.


How to completely reset/erase the keyring?

On Ubuntu 13.10 or later:

rm ~/.local/share/keyrings -fr

Next time, when setup your keyring question appears just don't setup any.


You need to download drivers from Epson Drivers Site

Search for your model and download files

epson-inkjet-printer-201202w_1.0.0-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb
iscan_2.30.1-1~usb0.1.ltdl7_amd64.deb
iscan-data_1.36.0-1_all.deb

for 64-bit system or

epson-inkjet-printer-201202w_1.0.0-1lsb3.2_i386.deb
iscan_2.30.1-1~usb0.1.ltdl7_i386.deb
iscan-data_1.36.0-1_all.deb

if your system is 32-bit.

Copy these files to your Home folder and run in terminal

sudo dpkg -i *.deb
sudo apt-get install -f

After that go to System Settings -> Printers and install new printer.