My pc is now loading from the wrong drive

This is a BIOS settings problem. Boot into BIOS configuration page and change the order of the boot devices. Set the device (HDD) with Ubuntu first in boot order and your problem will be solved.

Another way (if you don't want or don't know to interfere with BIOS) is to run the boot-repair program. Look here for a How To

Good Luck


Poking around a bit, I found it in ~/.config/dconf/user.

That's not a text file, however, it's a GVDB file. You can edit it with the "dconf Editor" application: descend to org.gnome.shell, and you can edit the "command-history" key.

Or, from the command line:

# query
gsettings get org.gnome.shell command-history
# clear history
gsettings set org.gnome.shell command-history '[]'


Where are mozc settings in Ubuntu 19.04?

You need to install mozc-utils-gui to have mozc_tool

sudo apt-get install mozc-utils-gui

before running /usr/lib/mozc/mozc_tool --mode=config_dialog.


Disable Multitouch Driver and return to default touchpad

Type gksu gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf at the terminal.  Check for the section having to do with the touchpad.  It should start with Section "InputClass" and end with EndSection with multitouch somewhere in the middle.  Put # in front of every line of that section.  Now quit gedit and reboot.   You should be back to your old trackpad driver and see it appear in the Mouse and Touchpad settings of System Settings.

Basically what I think is happening is that this conf file is being read even after you deleted the Multitouch X driver.  So it tries to initialize a nonexistent driver and thus your trackpad doesn't work.


Multiple DHCP leases on single interface

After a little bit of research, apparently you can't do that.

The sub-interface cannot request another IP address because it is using the same MAC address as the physical interface, and since DHCP requests are by MAC address, you can't get two IPs for the same interface.

An answer from SuperUser suggests the following two methods:

  Method 1

  Create a script that will do something like this (with a subinterface
  defined on the primary):

  Primary interface issues DHCP and gets IP address,
  macchanger changes MAC address of interface,
  Sub interface issues DHCP and gets IP address,
  Revert mac address with macchanger.
  Kill the DHCP client so that it doesn't automatically run later.

  Work out the lease time of the IP address you are given, and schedule
  this script to run again before the lease expires.

  Method 2

  For this you will need iproute2 installed. The following command
  adds a virtual interface bound to an existing eth0 interface:

ip link add link eth0 address 00:11:22:33:44:55 virtual0 type macvlan

  Replace the mac and "virtual0" name of the interface to whatever you
  like.  Turn it on:

ip link set virtual0 up

  Then configure using dhcpd or dhclient or ifconfig as needed. I have
  tested this on Debian squeeze - your distro may not have everything
  needed enabled in the kernel (macvlan particularly).

Source: SuperUser: Getting 2 IP addresses on one network card, using DHCP

Other sources:

SuperUser: Using DHCP to get multiple IP addresses on single NIC on RedHat
http://forums.anandtech.com/showthread.php?t=85085


How can i know whether the LUKS is using passphrase or key file for authentication purpose?

LUKS doesn't really make any difference between keys and passphrases; so a passphrase is a key you type in, if you like. Just by looking at the LUKS metadata, it's not possible to tell whether a key or passphrase was used. However, if there is an unencrypted /boot and Initramfs, you can usually tell from the scripts present there, whether it would be asking the user for a passphrase or look for a keyfile somewhere. In particular, you may want to check /etc/crypttab as that's the most common configuration file for determining which method is used to decrypt something at boot time. If your root partition is part of the encryption, the only way to get at that file is again to unpack the Initramfs of the system's kernel using cpio.


Apache Virtual host not working for www domains

Turned out that it was a typo. Spent my whole day figuring out the issue.

It was:

 <VirtualHost :*80>

which should be:

 <VirtualHost *:80>


Can't figure out what the error is referring to

Your if..fi construct has wrong keyword.

There is no keyword like else if in bash, it should be elif. So the problem is you have two else if keywords in your code, meke them as:

if ....; then
  ## something

elif ....; then
  ## something

elif ....; then
  ## something

else
  ## something
fi


rEFInd showing multiple ubuntu after update

This happened because a new kernel was installed, triggering that rEFInd created a new entry. vmlinuz is the name of the Linux kernel executable. When 2 or more kernels are installed, you can use either of them and select them at boot.

  Is this problematic?

No. It's just a new entry, you can select either and you should boot on Ubuntu. Please, be aware that the newer kernel is normally better than the old one.

  Is there any way to remove the extra boot entry?

There is no "extra". Just a new one, that includes the latest updates and fixes. When upgrading the packages again, the package management will delete the oldest kernel automatically. If you feel the newer kernel works fine, you can also uninstall the older kernel.

  Is there any way to prevent this from happening after future updates?

You should not prevent this behavior, is totally expected and the best way to go. You also shouldn't prevent the kernel updates, since it leaves you with possible bugs and unsupported new hardware, or without latest optimizations.

One easy way to set your latest Ubuntu kernel as rEFInd default would be to use file manager to confirm location of refind.conf; if you are not sure already.  A default rEFInd install would be /boot/efi/EFI/rEFInd/refind.conf but yours could be different.

Once the location is confirmed open gedit with superpowers gksu gedit /boot/efi/rEFInd/refind.conf making sure your refind location is used.

Use Ctrl + F and type "default_selection" in the text box that opens to find the location of setting that is needed to change. Change the numerical value to 2 or 3 according to where the icon is displayed by rEFInd at boot time. (numbers ascend left to right with no zero i.e.the first on left is 1).

Remember to uncomment the #default_selection line (the one we just edited) to make it applicable. Save the document and close gedit.

After making sure everything is behaving as expected after editing refind.conf; you could repeat the gedit procedure in order to change refind.conf file but this time adjusting the timeout 20 to a lower value. Setting it to 2 gives just about enough time to catch refind if needed (if paying attention) but will improve boot time left unattended.


Anomaly in switching windows on different viewports in Unity

From CCSM (install the compizconfig-settings-manager package if you don't have it):

Ubuntu Unity Plugin → Switcher → Uncheck "Bias alt-tab to prefer windows on the current viewport"


It seems like it supports DLNA. To share your videos, you have to set up a DLNA server on your Ubuntu PC, f.e. ReadyMedia, formerlyminidlna.

SETUP GUIDE MINIDLNA

Open a Terminal (CTRL + ALT + T) on your Ubuntu machine.
Install the DLNA server using sudo apt-get install minidlna
Edit the config file of minidlna sudo nano /etc/minidlna.conf and change the following lines:

media_dir=/path/to/your/videos
friendly_name=My supercool DLNA Server
inotify=yes

Don't forget to change the path to your videos ;)
Restart minidlna daemon. sudo service minidlna restart
Done! You can now check the status of minidlna by accessing localhost:8200 from your Ubuntu machine's web browser.

If you connect your media player to your network, you should be able to see a DLNA Server called "My supercool DLNA Server", or whatever you specified in friendly_name. You can access it and all video files should be available there. If you select one, it should start playing it.


Can't change permissions on extracted files Ubuntu 13.10

I just solved the problem. I moved the files from the Downloads directory to Home directory. I can now change all the permissions for all the files, and execute the .x86_64 file.

I found the idea there :
Permission Denied when using ./configure
Thanks!


Change monitor refresh rate for 4k monitor

jiipeezz pointed me to the right direction:
I edited the file ~/.config/monitors.xml with the command sudo gedit ~/.config/monitors.xml and changed <rate>30</rate> to <rate>60</rate> and rebooted. Now it works, xrandr output is:

DP1 connected 3840x2160+1920+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 878mm x 485mm
   3840x2160     60.00*+  30.00    29.97
   1920x2160     60.00
   2560x1440     59.95


To know what a command really is, you can do this:

$ which sh
/bin/sh
$ ls -l /bin/sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 déc.  13 22:34 /bin/sh -> dash

So, sh is a symbolic link to /bin/dash.


How can be found from which repository package has been installed if source was purged from source list

Using apt-cache:

apt-cache policy <your_package_name>

After the removal of the repository, you can't access this information.

Example

% apt-cache policy atom
atom:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1.0.0-1~webupd8~0
  Version table:
     1.0.0-1~webupd8~0 0
        500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/atom/ubuntu/ vivid/main i386 Packages

% sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webupd8team-ubuntu-atom-vivid.list
% sudo apt-get update

% apt-cache policy atom
N: Unable to locate package atom


Problem compiling JOS - undefined reference to `__udivdi3' and `__umoddi3'

You probably don't have the 32-bit gcc multilib, try installing the gcc-multilib package using the software manager or apt-get install gcc-4.8-multilib


I'm able to upgrade from 16.04 to 17.04 by following command sequence.

sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade

Then tried the following command as suggested in internet

sudo do-release-upgrade -d

result : System is up-to date, actually newer version available

Then tried to find which version available by issuing this command

thiru@ubuntu:~/work$ sudo do-release-upgrade -c
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
New release '17.04' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.

So, run this command to upgrade successfully as suggested by command output.

sudo do-release-upgrade

After this my Ubuntu updated to 17.04 successfully.


Follow these steps:

Install GNOME Shell extensions & GNOME Tweak Tool:

Hit Alt+Ctrl+T to open terminal and run following commands:

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions gnome-tweak-tool

Download GNOME Shell Theme:

You can find lots of GNOME Shell themes on Gnome-Look.org

How to change the GNOME Shell theme?

Once installed, Click on Activities on top panel and search for "Advanced Settings" (or "Tweaks" or "Tweak Tool") and open it.
Under Shell Extensions enable User Themes extension (if it's not installed, you can install it from here) by clicking on ON/OFF switch.

Close 'GNOME Tweak Tool' and reopen it, Open themes settings, Click on browse button in front of Shell Theme and select your custom theme, Once updated click on drop down menu in front of browse button and select your theme. You'll see the changes take effect immediately. That's it!


You can do:

dpkg -L <package_name> | grep -E '/s?bin/'

dpkg -L lists all the files provided by a package
grep -E '/s?bin/' searches for files that have /bin/ or /sbin/ in their names

This will show all binaries in the standard locations e.g. /usr/bin/, /bin/, /usr/sbin/, /usr/bin/ or any other location that has /bin/ in the path.

Example:

% dpkg -L login | grep -E '/s?bin/'
/usr/sbin/nologin
/usr/bin/lastlog
/usr/bin/faillog
/usr/bin/newgrp
/bin/su
/bin/login
/usr/bin/sg

Or with sed:

% dpkg -L login | sed -nr '/\/s?bin\// p'
/usr/sbin/nologin
/usr/bin/lastlog
/usr/bin/faillog
/usr/bin/newgrp
/bin/su
/bin/login
/usr/bin/sg

Or with awk:

% dpkg -L login | awk '/\/s?bin\//'
/usr/sbin/nologin
/usr/bin/lastlog
/usr/bin/faillog
/usr/bin/newgrp
/bin/su
/bin/login
/usr/bin/sg


When should a fresh install should be made

An installation should not gradually degrade, if your software is reliable (no bugs). Slow downs in my experience are generally down to issues with specific pieces of software and usually fixable without the need to reinstall.
If you do a full wipe you would get a clean new home. Pending bugs in the upgrade process you should not have any difference with installed software. You don't need to do a full wipe to clean your home out.
There are no Ubuntu specific signs. When tasks that you normally do take too long that would be acceptably faster on a newer machine.

You can backup the list of installed software on your machine - How to backup settings and list of installed packages has all the steps required.


Why doesn't live USB work in non-UEFI mode?

If its partitioned already, and the free space is unallocated it, it may only be picking up the free space, resize the partition in Win7, all back to Win7, and use the Kubuntu's installers partitioner to install along side windows 7, theirs no need to partition it before hand.


As your Laptop graphics card shares the RAM, it is reasonable to assume that the shortfall in RAM is being used / reserved by the graphics card and therefore unavailable.

It may be worth looking in to buying an additional 4GB RAM for you Laptop, as it has a spare slot.


Wireless cannot ping router after five minutes inactivity

As was stated in a comment:

  Got it up and running at last, I had configured it correctly before but should have just ignored the ifdown errors and ifup'd right after. Going leaving the netbook for 20 mins now and we'll see what's what.


How can I make a script run at a standard time interval

You are looking for cron and specifically for a cronjob

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CronHowto


Users and Groups Administration tool - What do the options in User Privileges tab of Advanced Settings do?

After some research, I answered my own question... Ill post here for reference, may help people with a similar question in the future:

Ive downloaded and studied the source code from gnome-system-utils package. The app itself is users-admin. And the short answer is:

Yes, this tab is only about adding and removing the user from certain groups.

Long answer:

There are some checks, for example, when removing the user from the admin group, that triggers a warning about if the user is the only administrator in the system, and prevents from revoking this privilege. But, basicaly, each "privilege" in the list is just an alias for a group. It makes sense, since security and privileges in Linux are closely tied to a user belonging (or not) to certain groups.

But not every group is represented in the Privileges list, only a few. And, believe it or not, the list is hard-coded! Groups and description strings!

Below is a list from all the groups represented in the privileges list, as of Linux Mint 10 (= Ubuntu Maverick 10.10 in that sense). The groups names and the descriptions shown in the list are taken directly from source code, file src/users/privileges_list.c. The explanation about some of them (when descrition is not self-explanatory) are taken from this blog (a bit outdated) and  /usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html (definately obsolete)

adm - Monitor system logs. Group adm is used for system monitoring tasks. Members of this group can read many log files in /var/log, and can use xconsole. Historically, /var/log was /usr/adm (and later /var/adm), thus the name of the group. HELP: Perhaps policy should state the purpose of this group so users may be safely added to it, in certainty that all they'll be able to do is read logs. Wouldn't hurt to rename it 'log' either ...
admin - Administer the system. Allows members to control administrative functions on the system, such as adding programs and new user accounts (in other words, its the group that allows a user to use sudo command). UPDATE: from Ubuntu 12.04 onwards, the corresponding group is named sudo
audio - Use audio devices
cdrom - Use CD-ROM drives
cdwrite - Burn CDs / DVDs
dialout - Use modems. Full and direct access to serial ports. Members of this group can reconfigure the modem, dial anywhere, etc.
dip - Connect to Internet using a modem. The group's name stands for "Dialup IP". Being in group dip allows you to use tools such as pppd, pon, and poff to make dialup connections to other systems using predefined configuration file(s) in the /etc/ppp/peers directory.
fax - Send and receive faxes
floppy - Use floppy drives
fuse - Mount user-space filesystems (FUSE). Allows members to use the FUSE filesystem to mount removable media in their home folder without administrative privileges
lpadmin - Configure printers. Allows a user to add, modify, and remove printers from foomatic, cups, and possibly other printer databases.
netdev - Connect to wireless and ethernet networks. Special group used by internal communications services
plugdev - Access external storage devices automatically. Members of this group can access removable devices in limited ways without explicit configuration in /etc/fstab. This is useful for local users who expect to be able to insert and use CDs, USB drives, and so on. Since pmount (the original implementor of group plugdev) always mounts with the nodev and nosuid options and applies other checks, this group is not intended to be root-equivalent in the ways that the ability to mount filesystems might ordinarily allow. Implementors of semantics involving this group should be careful not to allow root-equivalence.
powerdev - Suspend and hibernate the computer
proc - Access /proc filesystem
scanner - Use scanners
tape - Use tape drives
usb - Use USB devices
vboxusers - Use VirtualBox virtualization solution
video - Use video devices
wheel - Be able to get administrator privileges
sambashare - Share files with the local network

A privilege is only listed if its correspondent group exists in the system. So the following does not show here since Ubuntu do not create them by default: cdwrite, powerdev , proc, scanner, usb, video and wheel.

Groups vboxusers (and perhaps sambashare) are only created when you install that software, giving a false impression that this list is configurable and not hard coded.

Thats kinda weird, since I can use my CD/DVD Writer, USB ports, Hibernate, Audio and Video just fine. Maybe these are obsolete groups from Debian not used by Ubuntu? Well, then what is tape doing there?

Update: Video groups seems related to using the framebuffer driver for direct video access and graphic modes. As it turns out, non-root users are not allowed to use video graphics, the Xorg X server is, and the Desktop Environment, such as Gnome/Unity/KDE, use the X server. As such, /usr/bin/X is setuid as root.

I guess this is similar with usb, cdrom and other block devices: a regular user can only indirectly access those devices configured via udev.


how to get output of a script/program into a file?

The text that is displayed in the terminal comes from the stderr stream (2). If you do just make > build_log.txt, only the stdout (1) stream is redirected to the build_log.txt file.

stdout is the standard output stream and has file descriptor number 1. This is the default stream being redirected in shells.
stderr is the standard error stream and has file descriptor number 2

To redirect the stderr stream to that build_log.txt file too, use:

make > build_log.txt 2>&1

make is executed and

the stdout stream is redirected (>) to build_log.txt
the stderr stream is redirected (2>) to the stdout stream (&1), which was redirected to build_log.txt

The order is important, you cannot switch switch the redirection operators like make 2>&1 > build_log.txt.

Alternative command:

make 2>&1 | tee build_log.txt > /dev/null

The redirection to /dev/null is needed to hide output, tee writes its input to build_log.txt and outputs it too.


It doesn't matter what boot loader you're on when installing an OS on two separate hard drives. Each drive will have its own boot loader.

You should make your BIOS to make you choose at startup which hard drive to boot on.

So you get a "no such device" error because a separate hard drive is out of its scope for any boot loader.

I don't know much about BIOS configurations for all computers, but fiddling around BIOS setup you should work something out. (post a screenshot when you're stuck)

Alternative: Each time your PC is booting, repeatedly press the boot device selection menu key (probably F9, F10, F12 or Esc) and choose your preferred drive to boot on each time.


Often, I'll have Synaptic package manager open or something similar. This puts a lock doing installations solely for Synaptic.

Take a look at what else may be running on the system ...


How to detect and remove a Linux trojan?

It's always a game of cat and mouse with detection software.  New malware is created, scanners get updated to detect it.  There's always a lag between the two.  There are programs that use heuristics that watch what software is doing and attempt to catch unwanted activity but in my opinion it's not a perfect solution and uses resources.

My advice is simple, don't install software from sources you don't trust but if you are like me and can't avoid the temptation, put them in a virtual machine (ie virtualbox) and play with it until you're confident it won't either bork your system or do things you didn't want.

Again, not a perfect solution but for now, a virtual machine has the best chance of isolating your machine from unwanteds.


Through GUI:

go to https://anydesk.com/platforms
select your os-compatibility version and install through ubuntu-software-center.

Through CLI:

sudo dpkg -i anydesk_2.9.4-1_amd64.deb
Install AnyDesk via Ubuntu software center. (Simply open your 'Downloads' folder, right click on anydesk_2.9.4-1_amd64.deb choose Open With Software Install. Enter your password when it prompted then wait for the AnyDesk installation process to complete.)


Grub is black/white , but I want my old Grub back :)

I'm afraid there's no way to do so, without completely reverting izx's solution. Basically, what has happened is GRUB is now in a safe mode of sorts. It no longer shows graphics that might be too complicated, since that might cause issues.

To undue this solution (and maybe try another), you could use sudo sed -i -e 's/GRUB_TERMINAL/#GRUB_TERMINAL/g' /etc/default/grub ; sudo update-grub
That will allow you to get a pretty grub once again. However, if you are having trouble with TTY1-6, and izx's solution has helped, it might just be worth it to keep GRUB plain-looking.


Running multiple instances of redis with redis-server@.service

The 450-sec delay is caused by systemd looking in the wrong directory for the pid file.
Redis has poor quality error messages when its files cannot be accessed due to wrong permissions. It doesn't state clearly where it's trying to write/read to. It also appears to ignore some of its configuration and use its own CWD for things anyway, which means that in order to run, Redis needs r/w access to this directory.
That leads to this problem: the redis-server@.service script is now wrong, with it using systemd default working directories that don't exist. To solve, add the following line to it under the [service] header:
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/redis

Finally, you need to explicitly state where redis-2 should look for its stuff:
In addition to the pidfile and logfile params, the dbfilename and cluster-config-file also need changing, as these are locked by the first Redis process and produce a similar error message if they cannot be accessed. A correct config for redis-2.conf would be:
port 6380
pidfile /var/run/redis-2/redis-server.pid
logfile /var/log/redis/redis-server-2.log
dbfilename dump-2.rdb
cluster-config-file nodes-6380.conf


where is the system logs and recent entries

All system log's is in /var/log

You have explanation for each log here


Ubuntu partitionation and boot does not work

Ubuntu or any linux based os does not recognize unused space in the disk so to install windows insert any bootable pen devices and will installing it will show you the different partition on your disk .From there you can make a new partition and install windows in it.As per as your second question few things that I can tell is first may be your ISO image file is corrupt check its size.Second if can try to boot from a pen drive and use software develop for this by microsoft.
use software develop for this by microsoft.
on your ubuntu you can run it by using wine.


The Default path for apache is /var/wwww.

You can change it by Configuring

  httpd.conf

file. You can find it in

  /etc/apache2/httpd.conf


Copy and overwrite directory recursively

Have you tried rsync ?

From your requirements I think it is the best tool. It will replace only the files that changed, copy new ones and it can remove those that are gone in origin.

$ rsync -av --delete temp/ existing_folder/

Notice the slash after temp, it is required because you want to sync the contents. Without it it would create a directori temp inside existing folder.

The delete argument makes the files that are no longer in temp be removed in existing_folder.

You can also do a dry-run if you add -n argument. It will tell you what changes will be done without doing anything.


Bing Picture of the Day as Desktop Wallpaper?

Probably the easiest thing to do would be to install variety. It is a wall-paper manager that really does an excellent job to change your wallpaper at the frequency you want.

Here are some of its settings:

the frequency of the download
the frequency of changing the image (once a day, at every reboot, every minute,...)
where you want to download your images from
where you want to store them on your computer
quotes (either automatically or from a source)
a nice clock.

There is also a setting to run it at login. If you enable that and then add your  bing image of the day url (http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=picture+of+the+day&qpvt=picture+of+the+day&FORM=IGRE?), you are all set.

It can be found in the software center and it has a 5* rating!

Here are some screenshots:


No sound over headphones on a new Samsung Notebook 7 Force

Pain is over!

sudo apt install alsa-tools-gui

Then, open HDAJACKRETASK
Switch to REALTEK ALC256
On "Black Mic Right Side" Check "Override" and select "Dock Microphone"
Click Apply now (error message pops up)
Install boot override
Reboot

hdajack

Tried on Elementary OS.

When headset is connected go to sound options and just select proper options to use input/output from it.


How to unmount after using mount --bind option?

umount /home/users/Desktop/backup will remove the bind between the 2 folders.

You can then check /home/users/Desktop/backup to make sure that the bind is gone and remove the folder if you wish.


How to make cpupower not reset after each restart?

Any easy and reversible way

Open gedit and make a new blank document, then paste this into it

sudo cpupower frequency-set -u 1.5G

Now save it as cpu.sh, the .sh is very important and run

sudo cp ~/cpu.sh /etc/init.d/

Make it executable

sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/cpu.sh

Then run

update-rc.d cpu.sh defaults

Now this script should run as root on boot


Thinkpad X1 Carbon - terrible battery life on Raring

I have a Lenovo X1 and battery life is MUCH longer than 3 hours with Raring.  I also make sure I reduce my screen brightness when on battery, and have the following entries in /etc/modprobe.d/powersaving.conf:

    options i915 i915_enable_rc6=7
    options i915 i915_enable_fbc=1
    options i915 lvds_downclock=1

I had these with 12.10 and they seemed to help.  I would also recommend installing powertop, and then running it occasionally to see if you have any rogue processes sucking up power.


ASUS EPC 1015CX won't boot with display after installing additional drivers

Try enabling proprietary drives through typing "Drivers..." in the Dash and selecting the Additional Drivers there. There will be one Broadcom and one Cedar Trail driver; the latter is what you need - apparently, the new Cedar Trail Intel Atom series didn't have the proper graphics support at 12.04 launch, so now there's a driver that's available that fixes the issue.

Sorry for the late reply, but I only ran into this issue today installing 12.04 on a brand new 1015CX. Hope this helps - it worked for me :)


It is a named-pipe - one of the 7 types of file in Unix. The p in prw--w--w- confirms it is a named-pipe.

You can write to the pipe from one side and read the data from the other side:

$ mkfifo mypipe
$ cat mypipe

In another terminal

$ cat > mypipe
Hello from the other side
What's up?

Whatever you type in here will appear in the other terminal.

l is an alias to ls -CF and ll is alias to ls -alFh.
According to the man page

-F, --classify
    append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries

So for a named-pipe | is appended to the filename.


Error in running Minecraft Bedrock Server on ubuntu 18.04

Turns out that I had a corrupted file, and that's why it wouldn't run correctly.


Does Nautilus Support Undo/Redo for Basic File Operations

That's something that would be handled by Nautilus. I don't have it installed so I can't check (currently running Xubuntu) but I don't believe they have implemented it yet.  They are working on adding that feature, and I believe Nautilus Elementary already has it. You could also use another file manager like 4pane that already has undo/redo

Dolphin also has undo/redo


How to stop Nautilus from showing location along with file/directory name?

Open Nautilus Preferences. Your Views tab will probably look something like this:

Select None in all the drop-down boxes (First, Second and Third) under the Icon View Captions.


Unable to install software updates in Ubuntu 12.04

This actually solved the problem:

sudo apt-get clean

cd /var/lib/apt

sudo mv lists lists.old

sudo mkdir -p lists/partial

sudo apt-get clean

sudo apt-get update

Many thanks!

I got the answer here: How do I deal with "unauthenticated sources" errors in the Software Center?


Best practice for creating a custom script

So I would like to know the best practice to create a custom command accessible
to all the users.

/usr/local/bin. See the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Ubuntu/Linux follows.

4.9 /usr/local : Local hierarchy
4.9.1 Purpose
The /usr/local hierarchy is for use by the system administrator when installing software locally. It needs to be safe from being overwritten when the system software is updated. It may be used for programs and data that are shareable amongst a group of hosts, but not found in /usr.
Locally installed software must be placed within /usr/local rather than /usr unless it is being installed to replace or upgrade software in /usr.
4.9.2 Requirements
The following directories, or symbolic links to directories, must be in /usr/local

"/usr/local"
bin
games
include
lib
man
sbin
share
src

So I would like to know the best practice to create a custom command accessible only to one user

mkdir $HOME/bin
gedit $HOME/.bashrc

and add at the bottom:
export PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"

If need be you can also set this in ~/.profile and in /etc/profile (there you will need to use the username to create specific PATHs though).
Example .profile:
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
  PATH="$PATH:$HOME/bin"
fi


Google Says not to use Thunderbird. why not?

Just go to the link below and allow access to "less secure apps". Now Thunderbird will work.

https://www.google.com/settings/security/lesssecureapps


Open Terminal and type

sudo apt-get install --reinstall compiz compiz-core compiz-gnome compiz-plugins-default compiz-plugins-main-default compizconfig-backend-gconf

Then Compiz will be reinstall


Ubuntu Server 12.04 remote desktop access

Use TeamViewer.

It is the best free solution available for Ubuntu.
By best I also mean easiest to setup. And by easy to setup, I am not saying that I am 100% sure that no tweaks are required after installing it. But that you don't have worry about network settings or anything like that. Just have it installed on both devices and you can connect to other device and control it as you would be sitting behind it.


In Ubuntu if you want to flush DNS cache, you need to restart nscd daemon.

Install nscd using the following command:

sudo apt-get install nscd

Flush DNS Cache in Ubuntu Using the following command:

sudo service nscd restart

OR

sudo service dns-clean start

Reference: http://www.upubuntu.com/2012/05/how-to-flush-clear-dns-cache-under.html


After removing a package, more packages are removed

Because they depend on something you just said to remove - openssl is the dependency in question. None of those programs can run without it.

For example, when I install something, have a look at the output:

The following extra packages will be installed:
  chkrootkit john john-data procmail sendmail sendmail-base sendmail-bin
  sendmail-cf sensible-mda tripwire

That is because the package I want to install (tiger) needs these - they are dependencies.

Well the same has happened here. nautilus-share, apturl, bluez-cups and google-chrome-stable all need openssl to run - so they are uninstalled at the same time.

Next time you remove something, you will may see something like this:

The following packages will be REMOVED
  akregator amarok amarok-utils anoise anoise-media apport-kde
  apt-xapian-index apturl-kde ark audiocd-kio bluedevil blueproximity

If you see something you want, don't remove the main package. In the case above, I was going to remove python - but that would remove a lot (231) of things.


By installing this program:

sudo aptitude install wifi-radar

and setting up a profile for your wifi this program will automatically try to connect to your network no matter what (yes it does connect on startup).

Thanks, hope this helps!


Operating System Not found Error. When booting from USB in Windows 8?

The USB has problems booting under an EFI environment. Usually, this results in a simple GRUB prompt. What you may try doing instead is enabling the CSM of your EFI (System/BIOS setup). On mine (Lenovo), this is an option called something like "Boot mode" with the options of UEFI and Legacy. In my case, I would change this to Legacy. Then, your USB should be able to boot depending on how you made the USB in the first place (i.e. unetbootin doesn't work).

However, since the install will be from Legacy mode, it will then only be bootable in Legacy mode, meaning you won't be able to boot Win 8.

In order to fix this, you have to enable EFI boot in Ubuntu after installation:

From a terminal: sudo apt-get install grub-efi
Reboot, change the UEFI (BIOS) back to UEFI mode (as opposed to Legacy)
You should then be presented with a menu allowing you to boot several options including Ubuntu and Windows
A few buggy UEFI implementations can cause issues. If you run into any problems, I can try to guide you form there.

OK, so it appears that you must have installed Ubuntu in legacy (non-UEFI mode). In order to fix this, follow these steps:

Boot up Ubuntu from Legacy (non-UEFI) mode.
From a terminal: sudo apt-get install grub-efi
Reboot and enter Setup ("BIOS") via F1, Delete, F12, etc.
Go to the "Boot" tab and move "Ubuntu" to the top.
Reboot and you should see the GRUB menu with options for Ubuntu as well as Windows.


Can't print in black with Epson Stylus BX525DW

I have resolved the issue. I connected to CUPS (localhost:631) and set on the Default Printer Options to use CMYK and not RGB (which was the initial default value). That makes sense because my printer uses four inks.

That should have been the selected value from the start. I haven't used a printer which uses RGB colous instead of CMYK.


This has been resolved.

I installed Onlyoffice which also installed dejavu fonts as a dependency then suddenly my issue was gone. So maybe the problem was missing dejavu fonts? odd.. I did not confirm this with removing the fonts to see if issue came back.


Can I install Ubuntu Software Center and indicator-sound from 10.10 on 10.04?

I would not do so, unless you can find a supported PPA here: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+ppas

You probably will not mess up your system (much) if you try it, though you might not get usable results and be forced to manually downgrade many packages.


This happened to me when I had already install Gnome onto ubuntu.

After install Aptitude and using it to install, it gave me the option to downgrade Gnome in order to install Cinnamon. If you do this Cinnamon should install.

$ sudo apt-get install aptitude
$ sudo aptitude install cinnamon
[sudo] password for <USER>:
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cinnamon{b} gir1.2-muffin-3.0{a} libmuffin0{a} muffin-common{a}
0 packages upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 2,255 kB of archives. After unpacking 9,065 kB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 cinnamon : Depends: libgjs0-libmozjs185-1.0 which is a virtual package.
            Depends: libmozjs185-1.0 (>= 1.8.5-1.0.0+dfsg) but it is not going to be installed.
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

     Keep the following packages at their current version:
1)     cinnamon [Not Installed]

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

     Install the following packages:
1)     libmozjs185-1.0 [1.8.5-1.0.0+dfsg-4 (raring)]

     Downgrade the following packages:
2)     gjs [1.36.1+js17-0ubuntu1~raring0 (now, raring) -> 1.34.0-0ubuntu1 (raring)]
3)     gnome-shell [3.8.1-0ubuntu1~raring1.2 (now, raring) -> 3.6.3.1-0ubuntu6 (raring)]
4)     gnome-shell-common [3.8.1-0ubuntu1~raring1.2 (now, raring) -> 3.6.3.1-0ubuntu6 (raring)]
5)     gnome-sushi [3.8.0-1~ubuntu13.04.2 (now, raring) -> 3.6.1-0ubuntu1 (raring)]
6)     libgjs0c [1.36.1+js17-0ubuntu1~raring0 (now, raring) -> 1.34.0-0ubuntu1 (raring)]

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
  gjs gnome-shell gnome-shell-common gnome-sushi libgjs0c
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cinnamon gir1.2-muffin-3.0{a} libmozjs185-1.0{a} libmuffin0{a} muffin-common{a}
0 packages upgraded, 5 newly installed, 5 downgraded, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 4,992 kB of archives. After unpacking 12.4 MB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y

you will have to input the 'n' and two 'y's in order to install.


Ubuntu Software displays only Editors' Picks

From popey's comment: Sudo killall snap-store works like a charm, and it was super fast. When I tried to reopen the Ubuntu software app, it took a second to update and then opened absolutely perfectly.  Great solution.  It has been glitchy ever since I started using Ubuntu.  Hopefully a permanent fix will be discovered.


How can I Hide Gnome3 shell extension at the top?

That is the feature this extension provides, i.e. it places an indicator in top bar which shows network speed. You can left click on the icon to switch between various modes:

  Total net speed in bits per second
  Total net speed in Bytes per second
  Up & down speed in bits per second
  Up & down speed in Bytes per second
  Total of downloaded in Bytes (Right click to reset counter)

If you simply want to get rid of it, toggle it off in Tweaks:


(You will need the firmware update itself.  I got mine from System76)

This was the guide they provided me:

Changelog:
- Added toggle for HyperThreading (BIOS > advanced chipset controls)
- Keyboard backlight memory (will now remember last setting after suspend/resume)
- Updated fan curve to reduce sporadic starts

Please note, if you have a BIOS password set, please un-set the password prior to updating your BIOS. The system MUST be in UEFI mode; this can be toggled in the BIOS under the Boot section > UEFI settings.

Format a USB drive with an MBR and FAT32 partition.
Copy the contents of the galp2-HT archive onto the drive.
Remove all other USB drives.
Plug the laptop into AC power. The ME won't unlock unless the laptop is plugged in. The fans spin at 100% when the ME is unlocked.
Select the USB when booting by holding F7.
Type in fs1: and press enter to switch to the USB drive.
Type in meset and press enter. This unlocks the ME for flashing. The computer will turn off and reboot.
Hold F7 to boot from USB again, type in fs1: and press enter.
Type flash and press enter. This will flash the ME, and then the BIOS.
Type in ecflash and press enter. This will flash the EC. The computer will turn off.
Power on the system. You will see a CMOS reset notice. Press enter. The system will reboot. Hold F7 to boot from USB again. Type in fs1: and press enter.
Type in eol and press enter. This will lock the ME again.
Type exit and press enter. You can then boot to Ubuntu using the first option in the boot menu.
Done.


Error while restarting laptop after installing Ubuntu

It sounds like, during harddisk setup of the installation, you did something wrong. Such as defining two partitions for some place ('/', or '/home', I don't know). If your harddisks are completely empty, and you can wipe the data, then I suggest you only select maybe defaults during harddisk setup?

Actually, before doing anything, did you customize your harddisk during setup or did you choose a default option?


File manager in Ubuntu 20.04 not showing thumbnails

As I haven't been able to fix the issue, I installed Nemo as an alternative file manager and lo and behold, thumbnails are back on the menu! Nemo is a more elaborate and hence to me more useful file manager anyway. Note that in the software center it appears only as "Files" which is... err... unhelpful. In the description, the word "Nemo" is mentioned though so it's not that hard to find.


i try to install ubuntu on my bootable USB but it stuck

ubuntu is already a live os you could create persistance to save the created data on live ubuntu. Rather than installing the entire ubuntu on same usb which contains all the ubuntu installation files.


how to create bash menu for listed folders

I figured out how to backup all projects. Adding * to the existing array
Here is the final version:
#!/bin/bash

save_backup_path=~/Downloads/my_backup
web_projects_path=~/Downloads/my_backup/projects

cd $web_projects_path || return

declare -a project_names
i=1
for d in */
do
    project_names[i++]="${d%/}"
done
project_names[i++]="*"

echo "Select project for backup:"
select choice in "${project_names[@]}"; do
  [[ -n $choice ]] || { echo "Invalid choice. Please try again." >&2; continue; }
  break
done

backup_project() {
  echo "backup project $1 ..."
  tar -zcf $save_backup_path/"$1"-$(date +%d-%m-%Y).tar.gz --exclude="$1"/node_modules --exclude="$1"/vendor --exclude="$1"/storage/framework/views/*.php --exclude="$1"/public/uploaded "$1"
}

if [ "$choice" == "*" ]; then
    unset project_names[-1]
    for project in "${project_names[@]}"; do
      backup_project "$project"
    done
  else
    backup_project "$choice"
fi


Ubuntu 13.10: How to remember running applications on shutdown so that they start upon login?

Edit: I am leaving the answer for informational purposes so that any future reader can see what was tried.(comments include additional info) It was discovered in the course of trying to resolve this that the desired function was removed. If any reader knows different please let me know

While the exact behavior is not possible, nearly the same thing can be accomplished by enabling hibernation.  Be aware, however, that some systems do not support hibernation(the reason it was removed as a default option), so before you add the needed file in the following link  Be sure to test it using the terminal command

How do I hibernate my computer?

for potential issue (and some workarounds) for hibernation/suspend see:

Why won't my computer turn back on after I suspended it?

I am using this question and answer for reference, but the answer is slightly different as the program name and the location of the settings have changed so I do not believe that the above question is quite a duplicate of my source Hence, I will post a new answer.....

Q:How do I make a program auto-start everytime I log in?>>  A:To make a program start with Ubuntu:

The program you need used to be called gconf editor but is now called dconf editor

You can install it by installing the program dconf-tools

After you install it you can use the dash to open it as Dconf Editor.

There is a tree on the left of the window that you can use to navigate to the correct settings page.

The path is:   org>>gnome>>gnome-session

You will then be presented with a screen that looks like this:

Where the mouse pointer in the screenshot is is the setting that you want to select by checking the box.

This should then save the current running programs and start them again when you reboot.  The settings are saved when you check the box, there is no save button that you need to click before closing dconf editor.

Warning:  This will only save a list of the applications to restart the next time you reboot, it will not save any unsaved statuses (i.e. any unsaved documents) on shutdown and all unsaved work will be lost.(Likely an unneeded warning but better to include it anyway)

If you want to disable this you can do it by simply unchecking the box.

As my source answer states, this may significantly slow down your boot if you have a large number of open programs when you shut down....I would also add that Firefox does not like it when you shut down your computer when it is running, it will do not damage but it will entirely wipe out your internet cache(saved webpages), but it will leave your cookies intact---if you have your cookies set to delete when the browser closes, you would need to verify that the cookies was removed, I'm not sure if they will be or not.  I can give no guidance on Chrome/chromium, I  use neither one.....

I have to add a caveat to my answer, I did not try this to verify, but, I have no reason to believe that it will not work.  My source answer was an accepted answer with 29 upvotes and the settings are still available, albeit in a different location......


I tried this experiment with five cameras of make, all having resolution set to 640x480@120fps and they all worked fine. In fact i have other USB devices connected too the ubuntu laptop. I controlled these cameras using OpenCV and v4l2.

One very important thing to mention is that, usually with USB2.0 controller OR hub-controller, bandwidth issues occurs when high bandwidth devices are connected often the ERROR message is "No space left on device". This cannot be solved even with USB3.0 Hub or controller if the device is USB2.0. Hence you need to connect USB3.0 expansion card to your computer which has multiple separate port controllers.


You can specify the device name in the command. This example will give you (only) all of the /dev/sdX devices:
sudo fdisk -l /dev/sd?


Any way of maintaining permissions when using NTFS mounted drive in Ubuntu?

If the partition is being shared with ubuntu and windows, you can use ntfs-3g.usermap to create a user map file.

Assume the partition is /dev/sdXn mounted at /NTFS

1) umount the partition

sudo umount /dev/sdXn

2) run ntfs-3g.usermap (it will create a file UserMapping at current directory)

 sudo ntfs-3g.usermap /dev/sdXn

3) remount

sudo mount /dev/sdXn

4)* copy UserMapping file

sudo mkdir /NTFS/.NTFS-3G
sudo cp UserMapping /NTFS.NTFS-3G/

Now everything should work. At least it worked for me in Ubuntu 11.10

The latest (23.12.2015) Tuxera page suggest the copying to /.NTFS-3G/:

  The resulting mapping file is written on file UserMapping in the current directory. For the file to be usable, first mount the volume, then copy UserMapping to /.NTFS-3G/UserMapping in the mounted directory, then unmount the volume and mount it again.

So something like this:

sudo mkdir /.NTFS-3G
sudo cp UserMapping /.NTFS-3G/


Ubuntu 12.04 hanging problem while working

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1
In place of F1, you can use: F2 or F3 or F4

Now you can see command-line window.  To login enter the username and password, and then run:

 sudo restart lightdm

This trick restarts the display manager only, instead of a complete reboot you do by pressing reset button.


Remove the previously installed eclipse by running the below command,

sudo apt-get purge eclipse

Then install eclipse by following this.


Solving the package dependency list automatically for building ubuntu touch

change the command with this one:

sudo apt-get install gcc g++ git gcc-*-aarch64-linux-gnu g++-*-aarch64-linux-gnu libncurses5-dev

On your system you don't have gcc-4.9-aarch64-linux-gnu. The above command will install the last actual version on your system


Thinkpad X201 Touchscreen Missing on Resume

I use saucy with X201 tablet. This command brings the touchscreen back to life for me:

sudo inputattach --daemon -w8001 /dev/ttyS4


Assigning Gnome overview mode to custom keyboard shortcut

Assuming you are using Gnome 3.8, you can set a custom keyboard shortcut for the activities overview under Shortcut -> System -> Show the activities overview.


Different between dual booting alongside window 10 and something else

When you choose dual boot along-side of the windows linux is installed on the largest unallocated space
 whereas, choosing manually partition you can manage the partition size and then install on the partation of your choice.
See furhter desription
here


When I boot my laptop multiple Ubuntu is listing on grub

Honestly, if it works, I wouldn't go messing around with it. I dual boot Linux mint with Windows and the amount of times I've broken the boot process while trying to edit and change things is just ridiculous. Find whichever ones work and just use those :).


Can't start webcam for google video services

Yesterday got an update for googletalk-plugin and I see video services for google started working :)


removing netplan to use systemd-networkd directly

To remove netplan.io and keeping its dependency ubuntu-minimal use:
sudo dpkg -r --force-depends netplan.io


Nginx downloading PHP file only if .php is in the URL

If this is sometimes working (so you know PHP-FPM is up and working), I'd be pretty set on this being a nginx issue. I'm suspicious of a couple of the rules in your PHP location block. They might be breaking in certain URLs causing nginx to dump out.

You only need 2 lines for catching directory indexes:

location ~ \.php$ {
    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
    include fastcgi_params;
}

Strip that location back to that, reload nginx and see what happens.

If you need rewriting (pretty URLs in Wordpress, etc) you want to add something like this

location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}

But only do that once you've got standard URLs working.


It's possible to change preview size in thunar?

https://bugzilla.xfce.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1596 has a discussion on this. I think the answer is "not yet".


IMHO this isn't a LO problem, but a workflow issue. The best solution depends on the specific requirements. If the requirements do vary, i would recommend trying to "modularize" the process, so variations will only affect one workflow module.

If you aren't sure which jpgs to convert (and if disk space isn't an issue), you should simply convert all of them (command line tool, e.g. imagemagick/convert).

To select the pdfs for merging, you could use a GUI tool like PDFShuffler. Just add all pdfs created in step one, and remove the ones that shouldn't be merged.

To edit the resulting single big PDF afterwards, use a tool like PDFSam that lets you insert a single PDF in the middle of another PDF file.

EDIT:

Use LO Impress' Photo Album feature: New Presentation -> Insert -> Media -> Photo Album. There, you can select multiple images to insert. If you're done, just export as PDF.


What are the default login credentials on fresh install of cacti on ubuntu 18.04?

I ran into the same issue with cacti.  Found a posting to try using user 'admin' with the mysql root password.  That worked for me.


14.04 Udisks2 Not Auto-Mounting External Drives

Ok, seems like I solved my own problem.

I deleted .compiz, .config and .local directories save for some folders containing configuration for my most-used applications (such as Gedit and Geany).

I had to do it from a terminal session without logging into graphical Unity since it'll just rebuild/re-save the .compiz directory and its current configuration.

I logged in soon after, and was surprised to find out that my external drives are auto-mounting.

So it doesn't seem to be a problem with Udisk2, rather a mis-configured user setting. Though I wonder which setting is at fault here.


PATH=$PATH:`pwd` - What happens when this command is executed?

If you execute the command in your question, you should get an error message:

$ PATH =$PATH:`pwd`
bash: PATH: command not found

If the space is a typo, and you actually run this:

PATH=$PATH:`pwd`

Then that will add the current directory (pwd is a command that prints the path of the current directory, and `pwd` will be replaced with the output of pwd) to the PATH variable for the duration of your current shell session (util you close the terminal). To illustrate:

$ pwd
/home/terdon/foo  ## I am in /home/terdon/foo

$ echo $PATH ## the current PATH
/home/terdon/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games

$ PATH=$PATH:`pwd`
$ echo $PATH
/home/terdon/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/home/terdon/foo

Note how the current directory, /home/terdon/foo has been added to the end of the PATH variable.


Cannot update NVIDIA driver to version r387

Easiest way to install nVidia 387.34
You are asking many different things in one question. You are also proposing different techniques and problems with them. I'll focus on the title of your question as others might be interested.
The easiest way to upgrade from nVidia 384.98 to 387.34 is to go to System Settings -> Software & Updates -> Additional Drivers and this screen appears

Check the option for 387.34 and the current option for 384.98 will be unchecked automatically. Then save your changes and reboot.
Note: If you've manually installed nVidia bits and pieces you can run into complications requiring manual purges of older versions, etc. In that case check the Q&A database here for solutions. If a solution isn't found then post a new question.


can dpkg obtain the source code of a package?

No, dpkg is strictly a local command acting on downloaded packages (by apt-get). Software Center on the other hand is a high level GUI that desperately hides such functionality from the user.


How do I backup the pre-installed Windows before installing Ubuntu?

You should use a bootable tool like Clonezilla to easily back up the OEM install (as well as any recovery partitions) on the hard disk. Clonezilla understands NTFS, so it will only backup (and optionally compress) the actual amount of data.

Using a raw block-level tool such as  dd, while possible, is not recommended because it will probably use much more space than a smart tool such as Clonezilla.


Issue creating live Ubuntu USB drive with persistent storage using Rufus

If you perform a quick search, you will find numerous posts with the error:

mount: mounting /cow on /root failed: Invalid argument
overlay mount failed

This is due to the fact that Ubuntu 18.04 has a MAJOR BUG that prevents it from mounting a persistent partition residing on the same drive, and this bug was only fixed in Ubuntu 19.10. So you must either:

Use Ubuntu 19.10 if you want to add peristence in Rufus, or
Disable persistence altogether

Next time, please try to perform a search for the error message you get, as you should have found existing questions with the answer you seek.


Make sure that you have thunderbolt-tools package installed. If not, you can install it with the command below :

sudo apt-get install -y thunderbolt-tools


How to change Ubuntu 12.04 Unity volume notification?

I had installed xubuntu-desktop and the solution to both of these notification problems was to remove xfce4-notify: solution


How can a script detect a user's idle time?

Just found a simple way to do it.
There is a program called xprintidle that does the trick
getting the idle time (in milliseconds) is as simple as
xprintidle

and to install
apt-get install xprintidle

For sysadmins, it also works remotely
From an ssh session:
export DISPLAY=:0 && sudo -u john xprintidle

where john is the user logged into the X session on the remote machine.

Note that some programs such as MPlayer seem to reset the counter.
That might be desirable or not depending on your application. For me I meant to use it to suspend the computer and the MPlayer exception is helpful.
There is another answer (https://askubuntu.com/a/1303464/56440) for those who want no resetting, but I haven't personally tested it


Looks like the gdisk zap command or a MBR rebuild took care of the offending GPT data but didn't take effect until after a reboot.


Why does System Monitor and Nautilus give me different disk usage numbers?

Similar question was posted on UbuntuForums:

System Monitor gives its values in Gibibytes (no that is not a typo) whilst Nautilus/Disk Usage Monitor gives its values in Gigabytes.  Two different units giving different numbers.

As to permanent deletion - open up nautilus and look at your wastebasket or trash folder and delete the items there.


Is it possible to find the SHA256 hash of a webpage?

Yeah, you can use curl and sha256sum in a single command, like so:

curl www.google.com | sha256sum

Which will give:

┌─[✗]─[16:51:49]─[kazwolfe@BlackHawk]
└──> lib $ curl www.google.com | sha256sum
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 10221    0 10221    0     0  15500      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 15509
803d9c7538817dd8b44f0f2b3990ced288413a1b5a6d042d4216170b065e432b  -

Your SHA256 sum will be present down below, as the long string of hex code gibberish stuff below the curl status output.

This works because cURL will push the website's content to something known as STDOUT, which typically gets shown to the terminal. However, when you use the pipe symbol (|), you redirect STDOUT of one program to the STDIN of another. Therefore, sha256sum is reading STDIN from the cURL command, which is then being used to actually compute the SHA256 value.


HDMI audio output problems with Radeon card

I had the same problem. Then I read this and did the trick, I hope it works for you too:
Open the terminal and:

sudo apt-get install fglrx

After a reboot and selecting the correct output in "System Settings > Sound > Output" everything worked like a charm. Let's see whether it stays that way...


Unable to load GUI in ubuntu server 15.10

There are several ways to go - a simple one would be to just install the full blown desktop environment via

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

or

sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop

This keeps your work simple, but comes with a big amount of additional packages you might not need in a classical server environment (where even GUIs are not used in the first place)

Additional informations about Server & GUI can be found here.

In case you want to debug the above,  start with the log


Ubuntu 14.04.2 wireless not working on Macbook Pro9.2 from bootable USB

The Mac will likely only be able to use wifi after installing to a drive and using sudo apt-get update then sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer and rebooting.  You could try the same command using the Live version along with sudo modprobe -r b43 followed by sudo modprobe b43 but it usually hangs

Burning the ISO to a USB drive is different than installing it.  If I misunderstood your post, I apologize

The Live version works with the Lenovo because it has an Intel wifi card and Ubuntu is able to distribute the firmware with the install disk and not need a seperate download like the Mac needs with the Broadcom wifi

EDIT: Since the normal install method isn't working correctly, download https://www.dropbox.com/s/7exlzch25ap6uha/b43.zip?dl=0 and extract it to your home folder, then

sudo mkdir /lib/firmware/b43
sudo mv b43 /lib/firmware

reboot


Turns out the laptop doesn't actually have a bluetooth device.


Storing data on the harddrive or other flash drives from a bootable USB Stick

Welcome to Ask Ubuntu! Yes, it is possible to save to another drive from the Ubuntu LiveUSB, all you have to do is have the file on the LiveUSB and then mount the drive you wish to save to. Navigate to the place where you want to store the file on the newly mounted drive and then you place the file there.

How to:

Start the file manager.
Look up the upper-left-hand corner. There should be a label saying Devices. Your drive should show up there.
Click on the drive you want to store the file in. It should be already mounted, but if not it will mount it for you.
Navigate to the folder on the drive and place the file as you want. All done!


Why .Xauthority needs not to be owned by the root account in order to get past login?

This is part of the mechanism used by X server to authenticate client programs.
refer to X Window authorization

The cookie-based authorization methods are based on choosing a magic cookie (an arbitrary piece of data) and passing it to the server when it is started; every client that can prove having knowledge of this cookie is then authorized connection to the server.
These cookies are created by a separate program and stored in the file .Xauthority in the user's home directory, by default. As a result, every program run by the client on the local computer can access this file and therefore the cookie that is necessary for being authorized by the server. If the user wants to start an application from another computer on the network, the cookie has to be copied to that other computer.

when ~/.Xauthority is owned by the root account, normal X client programs couldn't read it and wouldn't be authenticated by X server. this mostly leads to crash.


Given a package name, how can I find out what will change if I install the package?

You can run apt-get in simulate mode, e.g.:

with

sudo apt-get --simulate install foo bar baz

or without sudo also

apt-get --simulate install foo bar baz

This won't change anything on your system but will print out what will apt-get do when you run that command.


Remove duplicate mails from mailing list

Fortunately Thunderbird has a plugin available to help cleanup this mess. You can download it from the link above and install it normally.

Another option would be to notify the members of the mailing list that CC'ing results in duplicates and why. Perhaps this would result in a decrease of this illogical behavior.


How to copy text from Host machine and paste it into nano editor in Ubuntu Server Virtual Machine

Open a terminal (ctrlaltt) and download the extensions as following:

cd ~/Downloads
wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/5.1.8/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-5.1.8-111374.vbox-extpack

And then you Fire up your VirtualBox, and when its just opened move to File --> Preferences see following screen-shot:

In the now opened preferences window navigate to Extensions (Step 1) and click on the button with the small triangle (Step 2)

Navigate into your home directory in the next dialog window and select the extensions you just downloaded. Now you will guided through the installation process. To accept the EULA you need to fully scroll it down.

Now its time to start your server VM and start it and within the VM window you select devices and choose the bottom most option.

After done it should have auto-mounted the disk to your VM. Navigate to it with your terminal. It should be in /media/$USER/ or in /media/.

When in the extensions folder type:

sudo apt update
sudo apt dist-upgrade
sudo apt install linux-headers-generic build-essential
sudo sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

Now restart your VM with:

sudo reboot

After that you should be able to copy&paste I think, have not used VirtualBox in ages, but in worst case refer to the installation manual of virtual box which you can find on their Website.


Is there a quality-saving photo zoom plugin for GIMP?

Go to this page
Right click the download link on the top right corner and click Save As and save the file somewhere.

Then browse to your home folder and press Ctrl + H.
Now navigate to .gimp-2.6 or .gimp-2.7 and then go to the scripts folder and copy and paste the downloaded file

Now launch GIMP,you will find a new menu FX-Foundry,now select Eg Stair Scaleup

Now you can enlarge or shrink the image with the dialog presented.


Can't install Apache HTTPD after deleting original folders

Try to uninstall it via apt-get with

sudo apt-get remove apache2

or

sudo apt-get purge apache2

If it doesn't help - provide full output of that commands.


The solution was to logout and login back, as mentioned by @Serg in the comments here.


Cannot ssh/ping an Ubuntu machine over WiFi

Could be a network infrastructure issue.

Some routers isolate wireless stations to help prevent randomers getting onto the network and hacking other wireless stations. Some isolate wireless from wired too. Most routers let you configure this behaviour in their admin webmins.

If that's not the case can you expand your question to explain the exact network setup, please.


Normally when you install Ubuntu in the installer it asks you to install 3rd party stuff which includes this codecs for video/audio.

Click here: ubuntu-restricted-extras

It will ask for some additional dependencies, just say yes. Then click on the apply button. This will install not only the codecs you need but many other things including fonts, flash support and more.


Ubuntu 12.04 login screen freezes / monitor problems

The following Instructions below explain how install the latest ATI Catalyst Video driver on a fresh install of Ubuntu 12.04 Precise. Please follow these commands...
Step 1
Download Latest driver from here.
Create a folder name Catalyst in desktop and put the downloaded file in there.
Step 2
Open a terminal and type:
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev*
sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 xserver-xorg-core
dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg
sudo reboot

After reboot, open a terminal and type:
cd ~/Desktop
cd Catalyst
sudo sh amd-driver-installer-*.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/precise

This will creat 3 .deb package in that following directory. Then, type:
sudo dpkg -i *.*deb

This will install this package in your machine. If any error occurred type sudo apt-get -f install. It will fix dependency problem. Then again install these package by typing sudo dpkg -i *.*deb.
If you don't get error in second time then you are good to go. Type:
sudo amdconfig --initial -f
sudo reboot

After reboot check with:
fglrxinfo

You will see like this:
display: :0.0  screen: 0
OpenGL vendor string: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
OpenGL renderer string: ATI Mobility Radeon HD 6000 Series
OpenGL version string: 3.3.11631 Compatibility Profile Context


gedit is a text editor - it will color the syntax but won't help you compile or debug it. What I suggest you use is geany. It is a very simple, very easy to use IDE, which you can use to write,compile, and debug. It's available through either Software Center or sudo apt-get install geany


See https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1832185

To Quote:

  Install xinput if it's not already, then type "xinput list" to see
  your devices. Look for the trackpad and make a note of its id# (mine
  is id=12).

  Then do "xinput list-props 12 | grep Lock" (replace '12' with whatever
  your ID is) and you'll see options for locked drags and a timeout
  value. Make a note of their ID#s (in parentheses) for easy access. You
  want to set locked drags to 1, and timeout to whatever is comfortable
  for you (350ms is good for me).

  Type: xinput set-prop 12 259 1 (259 is my ID for Locked Drags) And:
  xinput set-prop 12 260 350 (260 is my ID for Locked Drags Timeout)


Before you run discover_devices(), make sure the 'hci0' is in an UP RUNNING state by running the command:

hciconfig hci0 up


Second drive shared network folder lost after reboot

On my system, I used the Disks utility and edited the mounting options for the "other" partitions. They were being mounted under my profile. I changed the settings to turn Automatic Mount Options off, and then entered a new mount point under a common part of the file system - in my case I used /media/data, but something under /mnt or a different path under /media should work fine as well. After saving these settings, and remounting the partitions, I recreated the shares, and then rebooted. After reboot, the shares were still there.


Execute Ubuntu-desktop in remote mode only

Booting Ubuntu without GUI

 $ sudo systemctl disable lightdm

From there, the computer will always default to starting out with in console mode.

If you have need to use the Ubuntu-desktop on that machine, you can start it manually with:

$ sudo systemctl start lightdm

To return it back to the default of booting to the GUI Login screen reinstable lightdm with:

$ sudo system enable lightdm

The available TTY's can still be activated VIA CTRL+ALT+(F1-F6)


Url opens in multiple browsers and multiple tabs

The bug is actually with Brave, I had the same problem (with the same environment too, i3wm, ubuntu and chrome) and tracked it down to here https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/issues/4142

From the issue, the problem will probably be solved in the next release


RABBITMQ web access to MANAGEMENT plugin: cannot access it from remote computer

I found why:

The local WIFI network does not seems to have 15672 PORT opened for outgoing request.


Obtain launch command for application from its icon returned by dash app lens

You can find almost all software shortcuts that appear in Dash in /usr/share/applications directory.

If you right-click a .desktop file and select "properties" you will see the command that is executed, when you click on the icon in Dash.


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS blocking access from other network PCs

please check if app armor is installed.,it is similar to selinux.,  if yes remove by following below commands:

/etc/init.d/apparmor stop

update-rc.d -f apparmor remove

apt-get remove apparmor apparmor-utils

also re-check your network configuration and synchronize your system clock., some times it may be an issue too

Hope this helps.. cheers


DNS failure every few minutes in Ubuntu 12.04

Try this.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

Comment out the line that says dns=dnsmasq

Once done, restart network Manager

sudo restart network-manager


You don't 'install' an ISO in grub. Grub is the Linux boot manager and loader and has nothing to do with ISOs. Its Windows equivalent is the Windows boot manager which is part of the System partition, and you wouldn't install an ISO in there.

What you should do is make a live Ubuntu 16.04 UFD from your downloaded ISO, by extracting the contents from it to the UFD. You can do this easily from 18.04. Then simply boot up from the UFD when it's done. If you have enough space you could make a few extra partitions on your HDD, and install 16.04 from the UFD onto there, or better still a separate HDD. From Grub you will then have the option to boot to 16.04 or 18.04.

Alternatively you can use a virtual machine for installing 16.04. But my experience was that Ubuntu doesn't work so well in a VM, with quite a few gremlins (eg wireless connectivity issues) occurring for no apparent reason.


Boot options not appearing after Esc and all F## keys held when powering up laptop

... I held down the Opt key.
And it worked.


ubuntustudio-controls how to output sound to 4 speaker at the same time?

This is one of the reasons why we have "Open Carla" as a shortcut within Ubuntu Studio Controls.

Open Carla, go to the Patchbay tab, and simply drag lines from your PulseAudio output (labeled "pulse_out" by default) to your Focusrite 4i4 outputs (if set to master, labeled "system"):

This is using my system, which isn't the same hardware, but you should get the idea.


1st, welcome to Linux!!  This will be a memorable day for you as I remember when I too broke free of the chains that Microsoft holds over their consumers.  By your comments I am assuming that you will strictly be using Ubuntu as your OS and if this is indeed the case when you install Ubuntu this will wipe your computer clean of MS.

You will then be able to browse the Ubuntu Software Center, find various programs that peak your interests, and most importantly enjoy the full range that Ubuntu has to offer!  You're about to start living life!


Building a dynamic zenity list using bash variable

Quotes within a quoted string don't matter to the shell that's doing the field splitting. They're just like any other character. So, when you use $TESTSTRING instead of "$TESTSTRING", the quotes within - those surrounding chaise longue and moineau - do not prevent field splitting:

$ TESTSTRING='a.sh "chaise longue" b.sh "moineau"'
$ printf "%s\n" $TESTSTRING
a.sh
"chaise
longue"
b.sh
"moineau"

If you want to retain your desired splitting, use arrays:

$ TESTSTRING=(a.sh "chaise longue" b.sh "moineau")
$ printf "%s\n" "${TESTSTRING[@]}"
a.sh
chaise longue
b.sh
moineau


File recovery after reformattig ext3/4 partition -- extract old journal/superblock?

Save the journal data of a ext3/4 file system to a file:

debugfs -R "dump <8> /PATH/journal.copy" /dev/DEVICE

(see Wiki ext4magic)

This copy can be used with ext4magic or extundelte. But these are not all the metadata. These are just some old inode. Also needed to restore the inode table and the directory data blocks. Without this it will not work, especially with ext3.
(ext4 and ext4magic, possibly many files can restored but without original name and path.

This metadata could be stored with e2image, but at moment extundelete and ext4magic can not use such a additionally dump file.


Where do I report issues with official archive mirrors?

Yes, you should report it. Just send a mail to mirrors@ubuntu.com with the time, ip, and log of the problem that you were facing. Or drop by the irc channel at irc://irc.freenode.net/ubuntu-mirrors

You can also report a ticket visiting https://rt.ubuntu.com or sending a mail to rt@ubuntu.com.

Thanks to Benjamin Drung (OP) and Jorge Castro for pointing this out.

From the w3c page:

  406 Not Acceptable

  The resource identified by the request is only capable of generating response entities which have content characteristics not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the request.

  Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include an entity containing a list of available entity characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can choose the one most appropriate. The entity format is specified by the media type given in the Content-Type header field. Depending upon the format and the capabilities of the user agent, selection of the most appropriate choice MAY be performed automatically. However, this specification does not define any standard for such automatic selection.

 Note: HTTP/1.1 servers are allowed to return responses which are
  not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the
  request. In some cases, this may even be preferable to sending a
  406 response. User agents are encouraged to inspect the headers of
  an incoming response to determine if it is acceptable.

  If the response could be unacceptable, a user agent SHOULD temporarily stop receipt of more data and query the user for a decision on further actions.


Open a terminal, and run "winecfg" to open the Wine options, then select Windows 7 from the version menu.


What's the folk-lore on troubleshooting lightdm and other display manager problems?

Yes, the following log files would have helped immensely: /var/log/lightdm/*  You need to be root (sudo) to read the files.


Programs suddenly have old window designs

Hopefully, you already got the solution, however, I was also having this problem and came across this question.

I also continued searching because there wasn't an answer here. The problem turns out to be that you need to restart the windows manager.

I was able to do Alt + F2 type unity then press Enter. As mentioned in this answer.

However, there is also a more detailed response above the response I linked above with more detailed commands and explanations (in case the above doesn't work).

Good luck, if you made it here! Hopefully, this works for you if you were facing the same problem as me (or maybe even the questioner).


How do I get a List of programs connected to internet?

If you just want to see apps that are using internet, use something like

lsof -P -i -n | cut -f 1 -d " "| uniq | tail -n +2

But, if you want to see the actual in/out rate for a certain app, use nethogs


How to sort by track ratings in Rhythmbox?

Overview
This answer assumes you are using Rhythmbox in either 11.10/12.04 or later.
Add the Rating to the main view
From the global menu (move you mouse to the top of the screen) - choose Edit - Preferences and tick the Rating check-box

Now sort...

Click the new Rating field as shown to sort either ascending or descending depending on the number of ratings you have.


Asus Zenbook UM433D Ubuntu 19.04 no sound

I had the same problem on a Asus Zenbook UX392FN and a clean installation of Ubuntu 19.10, but it is solved now:

Open the /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf file with sudoedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
Add the following line to the end of the file: options snd-hda-intel model=auto
Restart the system.

My solution is based on information from another webpage. The parameter model=generic didn't work for me.

As your sound system may use same hardware, please test if it solves your problem too.


How can I get the sound output in Oxford Advanced Learners' Dictionary 8 working?

I got the same issue (I replied another thread about this here).

This is a flash issue. It is because the flash library asks for a 32bits version of libnssutil3.so.1d. If you install this one, it will complain about libplc4.so.0d.

These libraries are respectively in the packages libnss3-1d:i386 and libnspr4-0d:i386.

sudo apt-get install libnss3-1d:i386 libnspr4-0d:i386

If, after installing these libraries, you get a "Segmentation fault (core dumped)" every time you try to start the dictionary, just remove these packages, or even rename or remove the libflashplayer.so from the ~/oald8/plugins folder.

P.S.: Try to install the gtk2-engines:i386 (or other gtk2-engine) to cease that Gtk-Messages.

UPDATE

In the other thread I posted a full solution to make the sound and flash to work. I think it will work in your box as well.

I believe you were still experiencing sound issues, even using the padsp wrapper, because the padsp insists to use the 64bits version of the libpulsedsp.so library.

Please, let me know if you succeed to make the sound works.


What happened to the default Firefox startup page?

Just go to http://start.ubuntu.com/current/ and set it as your home page.

In Firefox: Edit/Preferences/General/ and click the 'Use current page' button.


Yes, you can do it. Create an installation media. When installing, choose "upgrade Ubuntu 12.04 to Ubuntu 14.04".


How to make 7zip behave like bzip (to zip a file and delete the original)?

p7zip seems delete the archive after extracting it.

Use 7za instead. It comes with 'p7zip-full' package.

For example, :

$ apt-get install p7zip-full

$ 7za e abc.7z


You have probably messed up the variable $PS1. This formats the prompt (not only in the gnome-terminal window, but in any terminal emulator).
The default value for $PS1 is:

\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$

Simply assign this line to the variable PS1:

PS1="\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$"

and your prompt should look normal again.

If you're happy with how it looks, put this statement in your ~/.bashrc file:

export PS1="\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$"


How to set English as default language instead of Tamil?

Open a terminal and type the command:

LANG=C gnome-control-center

This will open the system preferences application in English, and under "Language Support" you can change the language to what you want.


How to get remote access to Linux interface

xRDP An open source remote desktop protocol(rdp) server.

Based on the work of FreeRDP and rdesktop, xrdp uses the remote desktop protocol to present a GUI to the user.

This worked for me with following Steps !

Step 1 – Install xRDP

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xrdp

Step 2 – Install XFCE4

sudo apt-get install xfce4

Optional, recommended by Neal, install XFCE4 terminal and 2 icons sets:

# Install XFCE4 terminal (way better than xterm)
sudo apt-get install xfce4-terminal

# Install icon sets
sudo apt-get install gnome-icon-theme-full tango-icon-theme

Step 3 – Configure xRDP

In this step we modify 2 files to make sure xRDP uses xfce4.
First we need to create or edit our .xsession  file in our home directory.
We can either use nano or simply redirect an echo statement (easier):

 echo xfce4-session >~/.xsession

 nano /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh

The content should look like this (pay attention to the last line):

#!/bin/sh

 if [ -r /etc/default/locale ]; then
. /etc/default/locale
export LANG LANGUAGE
fi

startxfce4

Step 4 – Restart xRDP

sudo service xrdp restart

Now you can access your Machine Remotely !

From Windows Machine give try with Win+r and type mstsc:

Type user name and password :


The Compil_PolSARpro_v5_Linux.bat file is a shell script. You must run it with sh Compil_PolSARpro_v5_Linux.bat within the Soft sub-directory of the distribution after unpacking it.

The symlink is not absolutely necessary, to run the program. You'll just need to run the PolSARpro.sh script with the full path, every time you want to run the program.

The resulting file is in fact a shell script, but it is named PolSARpro_v5.0.tcl instead of PolSARpro.sh. You'll need to run this file with sh. You should probably contact the ESA to report these issues with the software though. They really should make this easier for people to use.


You can try no-ip service.

From FAQ:

  Our Free Dynamic DNS service takes your Dynamic IP address and makes
  it act as though it is static by pointing a static hostname to it and
  checking every 5 minutes for changes to your IP address. If your IP
  address changes, our Dynamic Update Client updates your hostname with
  the current IP address. Which means you can run a server from home and
  access your computer, or IP camera remotely.


Error with xorg.conf when trying to add virtual screen to fix the problem of too small screen resolution for an application on 10.1" screen

Ubuntu has a rather complicated set of ways of configuring X11. I would try to return the configuration to it's initial default state and then follow the advice here:

See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Config/Resolution#Panning_viewport

  Panning viewport

  If you want to have a panning viewport, i.e., a
  virtual screen that’s bigger than your physical screen that moves when
  you move the mouse to the edge (“zoomed‐in” view), specify the desired
  physical resolution with --mode, the virtual screen size with --fb and
  the panning area (typically same as virtual screen size) with
  --panning.

  For example:

  xrandr --output VGA1 --rate 60 --mode 800x600 --fb 1280x1024 --panning
  1280x1024


do i need separate drivers(graphics,sound,LAN) after installing Ubuntu 12.04

I had similar setup, but E6600 instead of E7300, and 4 GB RAM, and I did not have any problems with drivers.  I actually did not have to load any drivers.  But if the need for drivers come up in your case, just know that help is a click away.


Windows can’t read Ubuntu partition, so you can’t see it on Windows. When you have 2 OS’s there should be an Erase Ubuntu ... and reinstall option with warning. It’s exactly what you need.

I mean the second option in this screenshot.

Alternative

You can alternatively select Something else which shows you all your partitions, then:

be careful and don’t do what you’re not sure about;
select the Ubuntu partition, on which it’s currently installed;
click on change/edit button [I can’t remember the word];
set the type as ex4, check for format, and set / as the mount point.

That’s it. This will format your current Ubuntu partition and reinstall everything again.


difference between ubuntu server , minimal and desktop?

The Minimal version is a desktop installation, but with a reduced size installer.
This means that you need to download all of the required packages during installation. Further information here.

The Server version has a lot less packages, when fully installed, as it doesn't have all of the extra desktop stuff such as GUIs for file managers etc.

The page that you've quoted, is saying there's no difference in the kernel between server and desktop versions.

The Server installation is the recommended one for server deployment.


a) Is your LAN <-> WAN <-> Internet connection "slow"?
use mtr, ping and traceroute from the shell to find out - if you're using IPv6; might require other tools with similar functionality.

b) check the settings under Filter results | v

I have yet to touch these and have
 "Applications, Files & Folders, Music" selected for Categories | v

and
 "Applications, Dash plugins, Files & Folders, Google Drive, Grooveshark, Rhythmbox, Songsterr, Soundcloud" selected for Sources | v.

... might be having "too many" of these selected, may be these combined with a slow network would make the effect you see.


As you have not provided any details on your requirements, any solution is as good a any other:

http://unblockvpn.com/support/how-to-set-up-unblock-vpn-sstp-on-linux-ubuntu.html


Depending if you want to backup an entire partition/disk or only some directories first get the size:

Entire parition/disk (replace sda1 with your disk/partition):

df -h /dev/sda1

(h means human readable, see man df for details and options)

Directory only:

du -sh

(s means sum up, h means human readable, see man du for details)

With this you get the size of the stuff you want to backup. The next step depends on your backup software. If it uses a compression, you can guess the compressed size by multiplying the size with the average compression ratio.


Uninstall ubuntu-gnome-desktop and it's dependencies

sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove ubuntu-gnome-desktop

Purging your config/data

sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove ubuntu-gnome-desktop


How can I stop Document Viewer from always opening full-screen?

Converting Volodya's answer as a comment to a complete answer:

  You probably changed Document Viewer's default settings by accident. This is an easy mistake to make, since the keyboard shortcut for doing so is the same as for opening a tab in your web browser, and you frequently type into the wrong window as a result of the lag in Unity's window switcher.

  To correct the mistake:

  Exit the full-screen view by pressing F11 or unchecking View ▸ Fullscreen.
  Save the current settings as default by pressing Ctrl+T or selecting Edit ▸ Save Current Settings as Default.

  This won't affect documents you've opened previously until you reset the stored settings for those documents.


lzma: initrd.lz: File format not recognized

Use the filecommand to find out the file type:

$ file initrd.lz
initrd.lz: gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: Sun Feb  8 22:26:04 2015

So it tells you it's just a gzip file with a strange suffix. Since gunzip refuses to decompress files not having the right suffix, either rename the file or tell it to use a different suffix:

gunzip --suffix lz initrd.lz


16.04: How to specify a certificate authority with ldapsearch

Add the following line to /etc/ldap/ldap.conf:
TLS_REQCERT never

It will prevent ldapsearch from validating the certificate. So not the most secure option.
You can specify a CA certificate with TLS_CACERT /path/to/trusted/ca


Is there a Cyber-Cafe program for server-client places (Internet Cafe)

After a miracle (Because I never found something to control a Cyber Cafe, I was provided with this: http://mkahawa.sourceforge.net/

Which is exactly what I was looking for:

It even has packages for Ubuntu: http://mkahawa.sourceforge.net/downloads.php


Python IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied in ubuntu?

You have 3 choices:

Run your script as root user. I.e.:
sudo ./path/to/your/script.py or sudo python3 path/to/your/script.py

Grant read, write & execute permissions to /python and read & write permissions to /python/add.txt for your user/group. There are a few ways to reach that ends, e.g.:
sudo chown -R my_user:my_user /python && sudo chmod u+rw /python/add.txt

Put add.txt somewhere else (as per @steeldriver's comment) such as within your users $HOME.


Permission problem on /media/user folder prevents me from accessing external media

Since the permissions & ownership of /media/casper are

drwxr-x---  root root

With no + for ACLs (Access Control Lists) it's clear that only root can open, enter, read or write to this directory. Humble users like us get the permissions at the end of the string --- :(

We unprivileged folk get permission to access this location with ACLs. I am not sure why you don't have these already, but you can set them up, which may be simple or require a little tinkering:

the acl package is required (check apt-cache policy acl)
the filesystem must be mounted with the acl option

To check the latter (replace sdxY appropriately for your root partition):

sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sdxY | grep "Default mount options:"

should return:

Default mount options:    user_xattr acl

Default mount options are set in /etc/mke2fs.conf

They may be overridden, so check:

cat /proc/mounts | grep sdxY

looks something like:

/dev/sdxY / ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered 0 0

The above is fine, (acl doesn't need to be mentioned) but if it says noacl you need to change it.

You can add the option to default mount options like this:

sudo tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdxY

Or you can add acl to the options for the root partition line in /etc/fstab for example:

UUID=whatever /     ext4    errors=remount-ro,acl    0       1

With ACLs enabled, use setfacl to add permissions for yourself. To give username read and execute permissions on /media/casper (you need execute permission to enter a directory or search its contents):

sudo setfacl -m u:username:rx /media/casper

You can replace username with uid (probably you are 1000 - check with id command)

sudo setfacl -m u:1000:rx /media/casper

to see the ACL permissions you use getfacl like Oli did in his answer

getfacl /media/casper

To remove ACL permissions from a user

sudo setfacl -x u:username /media/casper

To clear all ACL permissions

sudo setfacl -b /media/casper

Note: I cheated and asked a question myself about why there are so many entries in /media. The answer is here


Why do I need 'Ubuntu' and 'Advanced option for Ubuntu' and 'memory test' on grub?

Why you have these options:
Ubuntu is hopefully the only thing you will have to boot into, but the others will become more useful if somethings breaks. For example, if the newest kernel has issues with your machine, then you can try booting with the old one under advanced options. Memtest is useful for looking for memory errors and stress-testing your RAM.

How to hide the other options:
I recommend using Grub Customizer to edit your grub options and instead of deleting the options having a menu folder labeled "other stuff" or something like that in case you need these in the future.

You can install Grub Customizer with these commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer


You don't "install" the keys to use ssh, you just reference the private key. For example:

ssh -i ~/my_private_key_file my_user_name@my_server_name

Note that any time your username is the same on both your local and remote machines, you can eliminate your user name and just:

ssh -i ~/my_private_key_file my_server_name

It's even more convenient if you edit your ~/.ssh/config file and add:

Host any_name
    HostName my_server_name
    User my_user_name
    IdentityFile ~/my_private_key_file

If you've done the above, then you can ssh in like this:

ssh any_name

You can also use keychain. Keychain lets you load your keyfile into memory like this:

apt install keychain

Then

keychain
ssh-add my_private_key_file

With your key file loaded into memory as above, then you simply:

ssh my_user_name@my_server_name

You don't have to load the key into keychain each time. The key will stay in memory even when you close the terminal from which you ran it. You only lose it when you log out or reboot.

And finally, the "dream setup" is this:

Load your keyfile into keychain when you first log into your local machine.

Add the following into your .ssh/config file (notice the absence of the "Identity File" line)

Host any_name
    HostName my_server_name
    User my_user_name

Then ssh by:

ssh any_name


How does Ubuntu create partition during a clean install?

The short answer is: These partitions will not be created.
The current LTS version of Ubuntu 20.04 doesn't use a separate swap partition anymore. Instead it uses a swapfile located in the root / directory.
Also by default Ubuntu doesn't create a separate partition for the /home directory, so if you want to locate that directory at separate partition you need create it.
If you choice to use the LVM option an additional partition will be created for the /boot directory. If it is UEFI installation a small EFI partition also will be created.


To prevent any change inside EOS that could conflict with Ubuntu the best method is to re-install. This basically applies to all changes you want to do between 2 different operating systems unless there is a clear cut way of switching.

Backup your personal data. You could backup some settings by exporting them. Like bookmarks from browsers if you do not use an on-line synch. All other settings I would not bother and just restart from Ubuntu.

But! when you have done that there is nothing stopping you from trying it out. This is the command to install a Ubuntu desktop

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

If it works you can pick it at login and see if it works as expected.

And ...

sudo apt-get purge elementary-desktop

should remove elementary desktop (or pantheon).

  And is it the best idea to switch to Ubuntu?

That is a personal question only you can answer.

  Is it any different, except GUI.

The GUI is the main difference.


Is dnsmasq not loading because of a Network Manager conflict?

Extracted from link https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Dnsmasq

  Note that the package "dnsmasq" interferes with Network Manager which
  can use "dnsmasq-base" to provide DHCP services when sharing an
  internet connection. Therefore, if you use network manager (fine in
  simple set-ups only), then install dnsmasq-base, but not dnsmasq. If
  you have a more complicated set-up, uninstall network manager, use
  dnsmasq, or similar software (bind9, dhcpd, etc), and configure things
  by hand.


Can't map windows 7 to Ubuntu 16.04 samba share

Windows will not be able to access \\10.0.0.24\home\Ubuntu as that is the target of the actual share.  You access your share by putting in the name within the [ ] from your smb.conf file.  Your share name is Nitro6_file_system.

To access your share you should be accessing it at:

\\10.0.0.24\Nitro6_file_system

Hope this helps!


The keyboard layout is different from the system language (or language support).

If you want to change the keyboard layout click on Dash and write "keyboard" . You will see the keyboard layout settings. Open it and you can change the layout from there. It is not necessary to have installed the German language to add in keyboard layout the German language.


Unable to use colors to paint in GNU Image Manipulation Program except black color

Too bad you didn't include the title bar in the screenshot, but it is likely telling that the image is color-indexed. In these images, the colors are actually indices to a color map, and Gimp will not alter the colormap, it will instead replace your color by the closest color. Change you image to full-RGB (Image>Mode>RGB) and you should be able to use any color n it.


In my Lenovo G500 and there's a setting in the BIOS for this - see the screenshot below. If you don't have this you may need to update your BIOS from here. It's dated March 2014 so it's pretty recent (this is for Win 8.1). You can see from the description in the screenshot that it does exactly what you want.


You need to install open-vm-tools-desktop, just open-vm-tools is for console only VMs.


Per the codelite documentation, if you have an older version of codelite installed, remove it first, like so:

sudo apt-get purge codelite codelite-plugins

The following commands will install the latest codelite on Ubuntu:

sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys http://repos.codelite.org/CodeLite.asc
sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://repos.codelite.org/ubuntu/ $(lsb_release -sc) universe"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install codelite wxcrafter

The codelite PPA supports the latest stable versions of Ubuntu, and a few EOL releases, see: Supported Distributions.

  Note: Trusty currently sports the 2.8v, which crashes when trying to close it.

Screenshots

14.04, with latest codelite

14.04

12.04

13.04

13.10

Reference:

Howto install the latest codelite in Ubuntu - EuroBytes
CodeLite, an open source, cross platform C/C++ IDE | LiteEditor / Repositories


No wifi after kernel upgrade to 4.15 OR 4.16

The answer is quite obvious. The Broadcom proprietary drivers don't build for the latest kernels.

Also the 4.15 and 4.16 kernels are not officially supported by Ubuntu.

You can try the driver from the 18.04 Ubuntu release
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu4_amd64.deb

It may build for the 4.15 kernel.


Under Settings/Configure Kate .../Fonts & Colors you can change any color (and other appearance features) of Kate.

Select the Highlighting Text Styles tab and then the Markup/XML scheme. There you can change all colors for XML files.


Do I need to uninstall Ubuntu to upgrade to Windows 8?

If you used wubi.exe i would uninstall it. I made the mistake of not uninstalling it now when I try to boot to Ubuntu I get an error screen.