eyesome
Eyesome is a bash script running as a deamon and sleeping most of the time 24/7. It automatically adjusts screen brightness (and optionally gamma too) for your laptop display via hardware interface and up to two other monitors using xrandr's software control.
At sunrise (the time is automatically obtained from the internet each day), your screen brightness (and optionally gamma too) is adjusted gradually. The gradual adjustment is defined by you but, 120 minutes works for me. To keep the adjustments unnoticeable set a sleep interval between adjustments. Anywhere between 15 and 60 seconds is probably best and the default is 60.
After sunrise transition is complete, eyesome daemon sleeps many hours until sunset transition starts. I'm using 90 minutes before sunset but you can set any period you like.
Inversely to sunrise transition, the sunset transition gradually decreases screen brightness (and optionally gamma too) so it is unnoticeable.
Note that during nighttime transition gamma may increase. For example Red gamma may be defined as 1.0 during day and 1.2 during night to reduce eye strain. Blue gamma in turn may be defined as 1.0 during day and .8 during night so it will decrease instead.
To reduce resources, eyesome sleeps the entire period between sunset and sunrise. Depending on where you live and the season of the year, the average sleep will be 12 hours.
Eyesome Setup - Main Menu
To configure eyesome, a main menu is provided:

Edit Configuration - General tab
When you click the Edit button from the main menu the edit configuration general tab initially appears as shown below.

Your country/city name should automatically appear. If necessary you can override it.
Edit Configuration - Monitor 1 tab
Clicking on Monitor 1 tab above will reveal this panel in my configuration (yours may be different):

Don't be daunted by these settings they are for the most part automatically obtained by eyesome. You will need to set the daytime and night brightness/levels though.
Edit Configuration - Monitor 3 Tab
Clicking on Monitor 3 Tab reveals this panel in my configuration (yours may be different):
Monitor 2 Tab is not shown because it is a new TV with adaptive brightness and Smart OS. It requires no overrides by Eyesome.

If after eyesome is installed you attach a different monitor to your system you may have to enter the xrandr monitor name.
Eyesome Setup - 5 second test
From the main menu you can test your daytime and nighttime brightness and gamma settings for 5 seconds by clicking the Daytime and Nighttime buttons respectively. You can change the duration of the test from 5 seconds up to 20 seconds from the Edit Configuration - General Tab.
Here's what the 5 second Nighttime test looks like:

Unusual event handling
Assume you suspend your laptop when it's morning before work and the screen is at full dim. You come home after work when the sun is high in the sky and open your laptop. The screen is so dim you can't read it.
To address this scenario a systemd control file is provided:

/etc/systemd/system-sleep/systemd-wake-eyesome control file is called whenever the system suspends or resumes.
The control file calls the bash script /usr/local/bin/wake-eyesome.sh to reset brightness to full and then sleep until sunset transition.

You are watching a movie on your external TV at night and close your laptop lid for better viewing. Ubuntu / Lightdm / xrandr takes a few seconds and then resets your external TV to full full brightness. OUCH to your eyes.
To address this scenario an acpi event control file is provided:

/etc/acpi/event/lid-event-eyesome control file is called whenever the laptop lid is opened or closed.
The control file calls the bash script /etc/acpi/acpi-lid-eyesome.sh to handle the lid opening and closing.
In turn the eyesome bash script calls /usr/local/bin/wake-eyesome.sh to reset brightness for nighttive viewing and then sleeps until sunset transition.

Summary
Eyesome can be downloaded from: https://github.com/WinEunuuchs2Unix/eyesome
This program was just released in September 2018 so please let me know if you find any problems or have suggestions for improvement.
The documentation phase is just starting so don't hesitate to ask any questions. Your questions may even result in documentation improvements.


Permission denied - active user but the "ownership" disappeared

One option, assuming the old account is gone for good, is to change the whole thing to belong to thy own account.  Obviously this can't be done from the GUI, as thou'lt need to be root, but thou canst always issue sudo chown -R your_username: /path/to/folder.   Omitting the : will also work, but will leave the group-owner set to what it was before - which may of course be desired.

The advantage of this over deleting them directly from the terminal, is that those files which remain will be owned by thy user afterwards.

The disadvantage, of course, is that if some things are meant to be owned by another user, they'll need changing back.


Just copy them. There is no need to generate a new pair.


Network File Sharing Mechanisms in Ubuntu

Both mechanisms are based on Samba. The first time you share a folder from Nautilus, it prompts you to install Samba. The configuration is managed by Nautilus ; you don't need root access (except to install Samba).

Other ways of sharing files...

SFTP : install openssh and you get secure FTP which will work with clients like Filezilla (GUI) or plain old scp
VirtualBox : The guest extensions include a mechanism for mounting folders from your host - create shared folders and mount them as instructed in the manual
NFS : The Linux network file system
RDP sharing : The rdesktop utility can provide access to client folders on the server using the -disk option
FTP : the bog standard
And more...

Of these? I use RDP shares, VirtualBox shares, SFTP, and I mount CIFS / SMB shares on Linux.


How do I make Firefox 64 use the KDE file selection dialog?

Edit: this question deals with Kubuntu 18.04. Users of Kubuntu 20.04 will find the experience very decent.

This is possible in Firefox 64 with the important caveat that it is currently buggy. See the edit below.

First, Kubuntu 18.04+ users need to install xdg-desktop-portal. Your system probably already has xdg-desktop-portal-kde installed by default.

To see if you like it, simply run GTK_USE_PORTAL=1 firefox
If you want to keep the KDE file selection dialog for Firefox, add export GTK_USE_PORTAL=1 to the end of your ~/.profile assuming your system doesn't use either ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login. Neither ~/.bash_profile nor ~/.bash_login are present in a default Kubuntu installation. Log out and log back in.

This is an image of the GTK file selection dialog in Firefox 64:

And this is what the KDE file selection dialog looks like in Firefox 64:

Sources:

Firefox v64 can now use the KDE file selection dialog when run with GTK_USE_PORTAL=1
https://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/a59ip5/firefox_640_released/eblfwcb
https://pointieststick.wordpress.com/2018/12/16/this-week-in-usability-productivity-part-49/

Edit (thanks to the comments provided by cipricus):

There is currently a major issue with the "Save As ..." aspect. Users need provide the filename and the extension themselves. This can be difficult when one is downloading, for example, a .deb file from https://www.google.com/chrome/. Bug 402077 - SaveFile does not set the current_name may have addressed this issue to some extent.
Other usability issues relate to the file selection dialog defaulting to the root folder if a user sets Firefox to ask for the download destination.


How do I prevent Unity-2D Launcher from showing when I touch left edge of screen?

Sorry, afaik that is not possible. There are some (very limited) options about the hiding mode of the launcher in the dconf-editor (->com->canonical->unity-2D->launcher).

never hide; the launcher is always visible. [...]
auto hide; the launcher will disappear after a short time if the user is not interacting with it
intellihide; the launcher will disappear if a window is placed on top of it and if the user is not interacting with it


First, disable Secure Boot. It sounds like you may have tried this already, but that's not quite 100% clear from your question.

Second, as user207507 suggests, Boot Repair may be able to fix the problem. This isn't guaranteed, though, and in rare cases it can even render Ubuntu unbootable. (Making a backup of your EFI System Partition can provide you with a way back in case you have this problem.)

Third, you might try my rEFInd boot manager. You can try the USB flash drive or CD-R image (both available on the downloads page) without installing rEFInd to your hard disk. If you can boot both Ubuntu and Windows that way, try installing the Debian package in Ubuntu.

If these suggestions don't work, then please post back with the URL that Boot Repair generates. That will give us more detailed information about your system that will be helpful in diagnosing the problem.


I think I have a solution for you.

1 Boot to live CD/USB and choose install

2 Choose something else form the list to star partition manager

3 Highlight the HDD in the list, right click it

4 Choose mount point, set as /

5 THIS IS THE IMPORTANT STEP - UNTICK THE BOX THAT SAYS FORMAT

6 Now install

Choosing not to format the drive will leave your home folder untouched and thus your data intact.

You will have a clean install of 14.04 but with the home folder of your old install.

WARNING - REMOVE ALL CUSTOM THEMES ICONS ETC BEFOR INSTALLING OR YOU WONT SEE THE DESKTOP


Testing a php file for school with fopen() function, which does not work because of... permission issues?

The user running XAMPP apparently has no rights to write to /opt/lampp/htdocs/curso_php1/inicial/. I'd try writing to another file in a location with more permissive rights, like /tmp/.

Also, if you are not required to use XAMPP but just need a working Apache, try using the package Ubuntu provides. In my experience, the little gain in comfort due to not having to configure Apache and PHP yourself isn't worth the trouble with permissions and updates in the long run.


Port Forwarding to Windows Desktop from Ubuntu Laptop?

So, the issue is you need to forward ports between your Ubuntu laptop and Windows computer? If so, you could try using SSH. Install openssh-server on your laptop and an SSH client on your Windows. Then use the SSH client to connect to your laptop and handle the port forwarding.

Disclaimer: I have no idea if this is the most efficient way of doing it. I am just making a suggestion since no one else has answered yet.


How do I upgrade from an LTS release to the next point release?

General answer:

You don't need to upgrade from Ubuntu 12.04 to 12.04.3. These so called point releases are only important for when you are installing so you don't download 6, 12, 18 months worth of updates. If you update your system normally you are already using the same packages as the point releases.

More information about what are the point releases.

Specific case answer:

As Alvar pointed out, if you system is broken you should backup your personal data and install from zero. This assures you the stability of your system. I would download the Ubuntu 12.04.3 image to perform the install, so you don't need to install all the updates of the packages since April 2012.

  What's the best way of cleaning up this mess?

Reinstalling.

  If I already have Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and have a CD with Ubuntu 12.04.3, can it upgrade my old system with that CD without making a new partition?

If it's so broken, the best option is not.


Option 1: Use a liveUSB (recommended)
You may create it using Unetbootin on Windows, Mac or Linux.
You must make sure the computer is able to boot from it and set it up accordingly either by going in the Bios settings and set up the USB before the hard disk in the boot priority list or pressing some key (F12 on some PCs) to pop up the boot menu on boot that permits choosing the boot medium.
Option 2: Install Ubuntu 12.04.1, then upgrade.
If you have difficulties booting from USB, you may install Ubuntu 12.04.1, which fits on a CD and then upgrade your system.
Option 3: Install Ubuntu 12.10 Server edition, then install the ubuntu-desktop package
Again, you could boot from an Ubuntu Server install CD, then in a terminal you could type sudo apt-get update followed by sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop and reboot (sudo reboot).
Option 4: Install using the netboot version of the Ubuntu installer
This will download all the packages from the internet. It is recommended only if you have a fast internet connection.
Download the mini.iso from this site and burn it to a CD.


Ubuntu 18.04.4 screen color temperature keeps reverting

The programs are working fine, the  "Night Light" got switched ON somehow without my knowledge and was interfering with the changing screen color temperature.


Problems to boot, Ubuntu entry does not work anymore

Firstly, a sureshot solution:

Uninstall wubi installations.
Free up space by deleting partitions.
Install by booting from a live disk.

Why not wubi ?? (good read)
What's the difference between Wubi and a regular "alongside Windows" installation?

To answer your first question:

The fact that you still get grub after deleting the ubuntu partition means that your original installation(12.04) was done using Wubi as well. Then just deleting the partition will not tell wubi that the installation has been removed. That is the reason the entry is still showing up. ( your first link isnt really accessible, thats why im guessing that you used Wubi for 12.04 insallation ). If you feel having a dead link to an old installation is bad, then yeah, its bad. Apart from that, it wouldn't really do you any harm.

ps:Im still curious about the "wierd message". Not that it will change the solution, but will help me know what really went wrong with the upgrade.


How can I make my system usable after modifying /usr/share/icons's permissions?

Well, boot from Ubuntu LiveCD, open terminal and run commands:

 cd /usr/share/icons
 sudo find -type d chmod +x '{}' ';'

This will add 'executable' bit for directories (and you will be able to get listings of that directories).


I installed Ubuntu but then on the restart it still gives me the option to install it

If you have installed it from USB flash drive, turn your PC off and remove the flash drive from USB port; then turn it on again – it should boot normally.

And also one question: as you've specified in the tags here, you've installed Ubuntu 14.10. Are you really sure that you need this version? The matter is that Ubuntu 14.10 will be supported only until July 2015, so I'd recommend you to install Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: it will be supported until April 2019.


My desktop icons are large, and menus and background look differnet

I used to have a similar problem. For the black background problem and the change in Unity theme, this post solve my problem:

  I finally figured out what caused this problem. At some point in time,
  somehow I'd done something wrong with my gtk-3 settings. Remove the
  folder via

  rm -r ~/.config/gtk-3.0

  and then logging out and in again solved my problem. Now all the themes look fine again.

Then my icons were even larger than yours, but recover the default theme configuration. I know this sounds kind of weird, but I managed to change the size of the icons by open a folder (any folder) with files inside (any type of files) and keep pressing Ctrl + Mouse Scroll, this change the size for all files inside and outside the folder.

Sometimes best solutions are the easiest.


How do you install spotify for clementine 1.2

You can try to install the spotify plugin manually from the clementine repository. You should grab the last blob & libspotify.so files.
1) Close Clementine application.

pkill clementine

2) Intall wget to download the plugin.

sudo apt-get install wget

For 32-bit
3) Create the folder structure for the plugin.

mkdir -p -m 775 ~/.config/Clementine/spotifyblob/version14-32bit/

4) Go to the plugin folder.

cd ~/.config/Clementine/spotifyblob/version14-32bit/

5) Download the plugin.

wget http://spotify.clementine-player.org/version14-32bit/blob

wget http://spotify.clementine-player.org/version14-32bit/libspotify.so.12.1.45

6) Give the correct perms to the plugin.

chmod 775 blob libspotify.so.12.1.45

Edit as per relaytheurgency comment
7) Rename the libspotify.so.12.1.45 to libspotify.so.12

mv libspotify.so.12.1.45 libspotify.so.12

For 64-bit
3) Create the folder structure for the plugin.

mkdir -p -m 775 ~/.config/Clementine/spotifyblob/version14-64bit/

4) Go to the plugin folder.

cd ~/.config/Clementine/spotifyblob/version14-64bit/

5) Download the plugin.

wget http://spotify.clementine-player.org/version14-64bit/blob

wget http://spotify.clementine-player.org/version14-64bit/libspotify.so.12.1.45

6) Give the correct perms to the plugin.

chmod 775 blob libspotify.so.12.1.45

Edit as per relaytheurgency comment.
7) Rename the libspotify.so.12.1.45 to libspotify.so.12

mv libspotify.so.12.1.45 libspotify.so.12

8) Open Clementine and go to Menubar > Tools > Preferences > Internet providers > Spotify to set your account.
Before:

After:

NOTE: In this example I'm running Ubuntu 13.04 64-bit with Clementine 1.2
Hope this helps.


How to install ATI Radeon HD5470 proprietary drivers on Ubuntu 14.04?

I had exactly the same problem. I used the following technique

Firstly remove all previously installed drivers :

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx-amdcccle

Now install them fresh :

sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-amdcccle

After the installation is done use the command given below

sudo amdconfig --initial

Now reboot your system. Your computer will have drivers and Catalyst Control Center. As the command sudo amdconfig --initial is very important as i found it on amd web site some while ago.

Note: if you don't want to waste lots of time on downloading and installing firstly try this command  sudo amdconfig --initial and restart. It may work. But i had to uninstall everything so use the whole post i described.

It should definitely work. Best of luck


Terminal: Check the status/progress of a running application?

You need to use a terminal multiplexer like screen or tmux they let you detach from a terminal session then reattach when ever you like. They are fairly easy to use but I would suggest for your first steps to use an application call byobu so on the machine where you are going to run your commands on you would do the following

sudo apt-get install byobu -y
byobu-enable
byobu
sudo badblocks -sv /dev/sdb

At this point you will be able to close your terminal and it will still be running .  Then just ssh back to your machine and it will automatically put you back in the session.

Once you get comfortable with that then look at using tmux really powerful tool for doing this.


Multi-line editing does work in gedit in Ubuntu 18.04.

This answer is based on an answer I posted earlier about column mode editing in gedit and is with Ubuntu 18.04.

sudo apt install gedit-plugin-multi-edit installs the necessary plugin.
Open gedit > Preferences > Plugins and enable Multi Edit.
Then, when the need arises to use Multi Edit, activate it from Tools. The mode will be reflected near the top right corner of the window.

If you use the Adwaita GTK3 theme and hover the mouse pointer over the words Multi Edit Mode, you'll get an explanatory pop-up. (I couldn't get this popup to appear with Ambiance or Radiance GTK3 themes.)

In the following image, I want to convert three instances of "true" to "false". I click at the end of the first instance of "true" as shown in the image and press Control+E. A brief message "Added edit point …" appears in the same row as Multi Edit Mode.

I click similarly for the other two instances of "true" pressing Control+E each time.

Once I'm done, simply press Backspace to remove the last instance of "true". The other two instances will be simultaneously removed.
I then type "false" and it appears in all the three spots.

Turn off Multi Edit Mode from Tools once you're done.

In 19.04, the informative popup appears with Yaru as well. Ambiance still doesn't show it.


Upgrade from 20.10 to 21.04: No new release found

If I remember correctly, Ubuntu version upgrades are not rolled out to everyone at once, and are done so steadily within about a week's time frame, to ensure that if some major breaking bug is discovered, Canonical can halt the upgrade until it is fixed, and not everyone becomes affected by said major breaking bug


Installed 12.04 64-bit has screen flicker

I have very similar problem. Flickering, white & black stripes and sometimes local screen fading. Any display movement caused change of flickering. It was OK after 3 reboots. The problem occurred again - when laptop was cooled - strange. I thought it was hardware problem and my display or GPU was leaving me (recently I've ordered new laptop).
   I've booted (USB-way) an older distro - Ubuntu 10.04 - and problem was gone. Not entirely - strange thing is that the bug shows up even at "BIOS startup".
   Conclusion? It's definitely latest Xorg driver bug. Older versions worked perfectly and the bug has showed up after October 12' upgrade. Not sure which one of Xorg packages caused this bug.
   My guess - downgrading Xorg driver or reinstalling and fixing it's older version should solve the problem. I hope the nearest future Xorg upgrade will repair this bug.
   I don't understand this buggy upgrade since I was using Ubuntu 12.04 "LTS". Have tried Lubuntu 12.10 - still the same problem. OK, but why at the "LTS"?

Ubuntu 12.04/Lubuntu 12.10, HP Compaq 6715b, CPU: AMD Turion 64 X2, GPU: ATI Radeon x1250


Partition alignment: parted shows warning

The physical and logical block (sector) sizes are both determined by your disk hardware and cannot be changed. The vast majority of hard disks today use 512-byte logical sectors, although I've heard of some high-end disks that now use 4096-byte logical sectors. Some external enclosures also re-map the logical sector size to be 4096 bytes.

The combination of 512-byte logical sectors with 4096-byte physical sectors can result in performance problems if partitions are not aligned on multiples of 8 sectors. Most partitioning tools today handle this automatically -- in fact, they typically align on multiples of 2048 sectors (1 MiB), which of course is a multiple of 8 sectors and so works well. (Using 2048-sector alignment also works with many RAID and SSD products that require alignment on power-of-2 values higher than 8, which is why 2048 is the default.) Older tools aligned on "cylinder" boundaries. In the distant past (1980s-ish), cylinder alignment produced performance benefits; but then "cylinders" became a convenient fiction, then an inconvenient fiction, then a serious problem. Linux tools adjusted to these changes rather slowly, but today all the major programs ignore cylinders and use 2048-sector alignment by default.

You can adjust the alignment value to anything you like with gdisk -- you must type x to get to the experts' menu, then type d to change the alignment value. Note that this option is on the experts' menu for a reason: If you don't fully understand what you're doing, you're more likely to cause problems than solve them by using this feature. Even if you're an expert, the space savings from changing from 2048- to 8-sector alignment will be trivial (under 1MiB), so even I almost never do this. (I'm gdisk's author.)


To make text in a .jpeg editable you need Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
I use ocrfeeder.

sudo apt-get install ocrfeeder

To open an image file click on the 'plus' (+) sign.

After you have opened the image, click on the next icon to the right to run OCR.

After is has finished OCR'ing the image, you can select the text you want on the left, and copy it out on the right.

The easiest way to get the text out is to just copy it over to LibreOffice.
With a little editing, my copy looks very similar.

After you make the required changes you can export them as .pdf by clicking 'export as pdf' from the LibreOffice toobar.

Ultimately its best to scan to .pdf if you can.  If you can't this works very well.

NOTE:  OCR is not 100% accurate, you may have to correct errors, and the more formatting your document has, the harder it will be.


Cannot find grub to boot Ubuntu after installation

There were two options when I boot: Sandisk and UEFI:Sandisk. Things does not work if I choose the one without UEFI. It will only work if I choose the one with UEFI.


We bought Ubuntu Advantage and I now have the answer to this question.

The tokens consist of a username and password, these are used to log into HTTP basic authentication when adding the repository on a machine. Every account has 1 set of a username and password to be used with all servers.

Thus they are not distributed individually, but 1 set for the entire account.

[edit] Since my writing the method has been refined. An attach method is now needed to enable ESM functionality. They no longer consist of a username and password. After using the Ubuntu Advantage token the machine is attached to you Canonical plan.


Kubuntu won't log in, stuck on login splash screen

I solved it by purging the kwin-effect-snow package which I had installed.


You can use sudo tasksel to install a local LAMP server.

After selecting LAMP you can install it (you may need to scroll down the list to find the 'OK' button) and while installing, tasksel will ask you for the password for the MySQL installation (which is very important not to forget!).

Then you can open your browser and type http://localhost and you should see It works.


Installing "Emmet plug-in" in Sublime Text Editor

If you have Sublime Text installed in your PC/Laptop following the below steps will help you to install Emmet.

Visit here to find more details on Emmet.
and to learn how to use click here.

First open Sublime Text (type sublin Terminal).
Than Click on Preferences in Menu Bar and select Package Control.

This will open a text box as shown, type install package hit enter.

Now type emmet and click on highlighted option.

This will start your downloading and installation.

You can view the downloading process in View -> Output Window.

It takes around 5-10 minutes on a stable Internet connection and also asked to restart the Sublime Text.


Enrolled in AD realm, but can´t resolve AD users with getent passwd

Ok, there were two problems:

1) I installed ntp and set the windows server as the only timesource, but forgot to set the timezone.

2) The permissions for /etc/sssd/sssd.conf were wrong. The file needs to be owned by root.root and needs to have 0600 permissions.

Now I am able to resolve AD-users and groups and I can log in with AD-users. Only su AD-user doesn´t work, but this is irrelevant for my setup.


I want to move /run/shm to my /home directory

Please read What are "/run/lock" and "/run/shm" used for? and see why what you are asking is not possible and not going to help you create space on / and that you are incorrectly interpreting this data: /run/*/ is a tmpfs; not actual space. Then none in the file system column indicates this is not an actual hard disk. You need to analyse why / is 8.4Gb.

I would advise you to ...

check your log files. On a desktop 8.4 GB is a lot. For a server the 9.1 is not enough. I have a desktop version with MySQL (so technically it is a server) running and some test databases for data analyses. My root stays around 10Gb and 15Gb so I would advise a 20Gb if you use this as a server too. But if this is a normal desktop system there might be some log files that contain errors and grow. Fix the error, delete the old logs and you will have more free space in /.
merge / and /home. There is not really any reason any more to have a separate /home. During installation you can nowadays opt to keep your current documents. If you do not want to merge you can also opt to shrink /home and add the unallocated space to /. Both can be done from an Ubuntu Live DVD with gParted installed or a gParted Live DVD.


Aquarius M10 Ubuntu Edition User Manual?

Go to bq.com and click Support >> Downloads >> Tablets >> Aquaris M10 Ubuntu Edition. Then choose your preferred language in the select box provided and there you go. I found the full manual here:

https://it-bqcom15-media.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/resources/manual/Aquaris_M10_Ubuntu_Edition_Complete_User_Manual-1460548936.pdf

Hope, that helps.


Force ATi Mobility Radeon to Use 3D Support

Is there any way where I can force the graphics card to use 3D Support or be able to run Unity?

No, there isn't. An ATI Mobility Radeon 7500 is too old for that.

Consider using Ubuntu variants like Xubuntu or Lubuntu that run less demanding desktop environments.


Unity doesn't load, no Launcher, no Dash appears, ccsm method failed

Your CCSM configuration isn't sticking because you don't have ownership (permission) of key configuration files and folders in your home directory.  You can verify this with:

$ find ~/ ! -user $(whoami)

To regain ownership of files in your home folder you can run this command:

$ sudo chown -R $(whoami):$(whoami) ~/

That should be sufficient for loading the desktop successfully.  The CCSM configuration you mention in your question would then stick between reboots.

This issue is created by running certain GUI applications as sudo.

Update:

The resolution was to rename the ~user folder and create a clean one.  Then copy the files from the old ~user folder.

The steps need to be performed a different account).  Create an account B.  Login as B. To perform the steps.  The B needs to have sudo access.  This can be done with.  Consider A your account and B the different account to perform the commands.

$ sudo adduser B sudo

From the terminal (of B login) run:

$ cd ~A
$ cd ..
$ sudo mv A A.str
$ sudo mkdir A
$ sudo chown A:A A
$ sudo ln -s A.str ~A/A.str

Now login as A and copy or move your content from a folder A.str in your fresh login.


How to connect to wireless network at boot automatically?

This is how I've done it easily, click on the network indicator, then head down to "Edit connections", then go to the wireless tab and find your network and hit edit:

Then I check "Available to all users", which makes the connection systemwide. I always have enabled this to make the system connect to the wireless while it's booting, but should work fine for your needs.


How to make the Escape key close the chat window in Empathy?

I know this is an old question, but this is one of the top searches in Google for this, so I thought I should post the answer here.
The source is: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/empathy/+bug/486508/comments/11

  I just had that issue, you can modify /usr/share/empathy/empathy-chat-window.ui and change the line that says:
  <accelerator key="W" modifiers="GDK_CONTROL_MASK"/>

  to

  <accelerator key="Escape" />

  and ask for forgiveness to the gods that decided that would be a sin, cheers


Your partition with windows7 is mounted by automount.

This is usual. Because your partition seems to have no label it is mounted under a mountpoint with his UUID name.

Now you have two ways to fix this

set the label of the partition

you can set the partition name using gparted, which happens to bee a GUI partition manager.

You can install it using sudo apt-get install gparted.

Then you locate your windows7 disk and right-click on it, the you select the option label and enter your favourite name like windowsData.

using fstab

If you just want it to a specific place like ~/windows you may use the file /etc/fstab

insert a line like this:

UUID=<your UUID>      /home/<you>/mountpoint  auto user,rw,nodev 0  0

using sudo nano /etc/fstab or sudo vim /etc/fstab or sudo gedit /etc/fstab

The the partition will be mounted automatically at every boot.

by the way:

The 'thing' nautilus is a filemanager. He is not really the part for mounting partitions.


With the gnome-session-flashback, there are parts of it that use parts of Unity.  So, not every part of Unity should be removed.  LightDM is the Display Manger for Unity, where GDM is the Display Manager for the GNOME Desktop Environment.

To install GDM it is:

sudo apt-get install gdm

Note: If you already have GDM installed, run the following command to bring up the following setup:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

During the install, you should see some screens like below:

Press Enter for OK and on the next screen, select the Display Manager you want:

Press Enter to select the Display Manager.

After it is selected, reboot your system for changes to take effect:

sudo reboot

After the host is rebooted, you should be in a gnome-session or gnome-shell from the terminal window, you should be able to start removing parts of Unity.  I do not recommend removing all of Unity as there are still applications that rely on parts of Unity to work. One example I can think of in applications that rely other parts of desktops is k3b.  k3b is a very good disc burning application that relies on parts of the KDesktop Environment, so parts of KDE would be installed for k3b to work.

It is safe to remove Unity itself:

sudo apt-get remove unity

it is also safe to remove LightDM:

sudo apt-get remove lightdm

it is also safe to remove the Ubuntu Desktop, which is the Unity Desktop itself.

sudo apt-get remove ubuntu-desktop

If you are removing any of the above and you see an application that it wants to remove that you are unsure of, do not remove it until you find out more information about the application.


Err executing Eclipse Cpp in Ubuntu 14.04

The notice "requiredJavaVersion=1.8" means you are not using at least Java 1.8.

See for instance How to install OpenJDK 8 on 14.04 LTS? on how to install 1.8.


Sort search/find Nautilus results in Ubuntu 17.04?

In Ubuntu Zesty sorting is done from the search bar:

For sorting from the columns that appeasrs not to be the default settings anymore.


Add

mount_afp afp://user:password@server_host_or_ip/Data ~/capsule

to

/etc/rc.local

file. This will make sure that mount_afp command is executed whenever you login.


How to revert back to regular ubuntu instead of lubuntu

Try installing Gnome desktop with the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell ubuntu-gnome-desktop

Don't forget to choose lightDM during the installation process. Once it's complete, restart your machine. Login to the gnome Desktop. Remove LXDE.

sudo apt remove lubuntu* lxde* openbox lightdm
sudo apt autoremove
sudo reboot

Also if you want to remove apps that were installed, you can do so from Ubuntu software, Terminal, or install Synaptic and remove the files from there.


Indicator icons don't change on theme change

It depends on the icon theme.

The Icon themes are in /usr/share/icons

Each theme has an "index.theme" file and this file will have "Inherits" listed on about the 4th line of the file. It is likely that this icon theme uses the Gnome theme as a default "Inherits" to provide icons not supplied by the theme (missing icons).

One way to change this is to edit the Inherits field in the /usr/share/icons/themename/index.theme file to point to a different (Inherits) theme to fall back on some theme other than Gnome. (Don't forget to change "themename" to the actual name of the theme)

Or, search through the theme folders try to locate the icons you do not like. Delete these icons and replace these icons with the icons of your choice but make sure to name the new icons the same names the old icons had so when you re-load the theme the new icons will automatically load under the given names.


ubuntu server won't boot after restoring backup

What is the problem

You have a problem with grub and UUID in your /etc/fstab.

There is a line in /etc/fstab and grub.cfg like this:

..... UUID=73faad0d-2343-4f69-8103-92dbbaf40a5f .....

Each partition in Linux has unique identifier called UUID, it is assigned during partition creation. Linux use this UUID to distinguish partitions. After replacing hard drive you have to change all old UUIDs with the new ones, which can be checked by running command blkid.

What to do

You have to boot from Ubuntu Live CD and replace all old UUID to new UUID in /etc/fstab and grub.cfg. Here is another Q/A where you can find further instructions. Then update grub using this Q/A or
simply install and run Boot Repair choosing Recommended Repair option.


which flatbed scanner are supported in 12.04 and abow

From the sane man page (man sane):

trusty (7) sane.7.gz
Provided by: libsane-common_1.0.23-3ubuntu1_i386 bug

NAME
       sane - Scanner Access Now Easy: API for accessing scanners

DESCRIPTION
       SANE  is  an  application  programming  interface  (API)  that provides
       standardized  access  to  any  raster  image  scanner   hardware.   The
       standardized  interface  makes it possible to write just one driver for
       each scanner  device  instead  of  one  driver  for  each  scanner  and
       application.

       While  SANE  is  primarily targeted at a UNIX environment, the standard
       has been carefully designed to make it possible to implement the API on
       virtually any hardware or operating system.

       This  manual page provides a summary of the information available about
       SANE.

       If you have trouble getting your scanner detected,  read  the  PROBLEMS
       section.

TERMINOLOGY
       An  application that uses the SANE interface is called a SANE frontend.
       A driver that implements the SANE interface is called a  SANE  backend.
       A  meta  backend  provides  some  means  to  manage  one  or more other
       backends.

SOFTWARE PACKAGES
       The package `sane-backends' contains a lot of  backends,  documentation
       (including the SANE standard), networking support, and the command line
       frontend  `scanimage'.   The  frontends   `xscanimage',   `xcam',   and
       `scanadf'  are included in the package `sane-frontends'.  Both packages
       can      be      downloaded      from      the      SANE       homepage
       (http://www.sane-project.org/).   Information about other frontends and
       backends can also be found on the SANE homepage.

GENERAL INFORMATION
       The following sections provide short descriptions  and  links  to  more
       information  about  several  aspects  of SANE.  A name with a number in
       parenthesis (e.g.  `sane-dll(5)') points to a manual page. In this case
       `man    5    sane-dll'    will   display   the   page.   Entries   like
       `/usr/share/doc/libsane/sane.tex' are references  to  text  files  that
       were     copied     to     the     SANE     documentation     directory
       (/usr/share/doc/libsane/) during installation. Everything else is a URL
       to a resource on the web.

       SANE homepage
         Information on all aspects of SANE including a tutorial and a link to
         the   SANE   FAQ   can   be   found    on    the    SANE    homepage:
         http://www.sane-project.org/.

       SANE device lists
         The  SANE  device  lists contain information about the status of SANE
         support for a specific device. If your scanner is  not  listed  there
         (either supported or unsupported), please contact us. See section HOW
         CAN YOU HELP SANE for details. There are lists for specific  releases
         of  SANE,  for  the  current development version and a search engine:
         http://www.sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html.   The  lists
         are also installed on your system at /usr/share/doc/libsane/.


any application which could sync pics/videos on ubuntu with picasa web album?

For syncing your photos to Picasa instantly I would recommend Conduit, it's in the Software Center.

More on Conduit here, at their Gnome.org page.


error large bars and toolbars in eclipse?

You may have to wait when a theme update will come out from Numix. I am having a similar problem with the Ambiance Aqua theme: can't enable overlay scrollbars. However the theme in eclipse mars 2.0 works just fine.


I had similar problem after updating to 16.04, also (already with 16.04) I had "password loop" problem on startup, it's widely discussed here. In both cases the cause was my graphic adapter driver (newer versions of Xorg, Lightdm or whatever after update/upgrade conflicted with it).
Reinstalling/updating Nautilus, Xorg etc. didn't help but complete uninstall of graphic driver did the job. In my case it was Nvidia so I typed to the command line sudo apt-get purge Nvidia*, then restarted. Of course it started with crapy resolution and required to reinstall the driver but it worked and works so far.


Try installing with terminal

To open terminal: Ctrl + alt + t

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pinta-maintainers/pinta-stable

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install pinta


UNE takes about 30 minutes to start up (installed through WUBI)

Your best bet is to back up your files and re-install.
I'm not sure what's causing the problem, but the 3 separate boot loaders sounds definitely wrong to me.
I would also advise doing a full dual boot instead of a wubi install because:

What is the performance?
The performance is identical to a standard installation, except for hard-disk access which is slightly slower than an installation to a dedicated partition. If your hard disk is very fragmented the performance will degenerate.
Any gotcha?
Hibernation is not supported under Wubi, moreover Wubi filesystem is more vulnerable to hard-reboots (turning off the power) and power outages than a normal filesystem, so try to avoid unplugging the power. An Ubuntu installation to a dedicated partition provides a filesystem that is more robust and can better tolerate such events.

(from the wubi FAQ)
If you store the wubi image (normally:  c:/ubuntu/disks/root.disk) somewhere safe then you can mount it from a normal Ubuntu install and access your files.


How to find which application had caused outgoing connection?

You can use the built-in netstat to check the network connections.

sudo netstat -tupln

You will see the PID/Program name, if the program name is fuzzy, you can filter the PID

ps aux | grep PID

to see which process use the port.

Further more, there is a program called nethogs, it group the process which shows the network activities per program.

sudo apt install nethogs
sudo nethogs


16.04 alongside win10 installation from USBstick

To dual boot your machine..ubuntu needs some unallocated memory.
For that open disk management select any big disk and right click select option>shrink volume...type 70000mb(thats enough to run smoothly) and hit enter..u will get a black area as unallocated..now make bootable pendrive of Ubuntu shut down ur system boot ur pendrive using boot key and select usb select install ubuntu, going further u will get an option >install ubuntu alongside windows click it and go ahead..this should install ubuntu on your system (make sure both of them are in UEFI mode or one which your machine is running on(check in BIOS menu)) if it doesn't appear then choose "something else"option and you will have to manually partition unallocated (sample images attached here)

HERE I HAVE NOT CREATED SWAP AREA IF IT ASKS U TO GIVE SOME SWAP AREA THEN ALLOCATE 2X RAM OF YOUR MACHINE
Continue installation...reboot after completion.. hope this helps :)


How can I make fonts in Thunderbird look bigger?

Have you tried holding the Ctrl key while moving the mousewheel when you are in the message read window?  That will instantly make the text larger or smaller for all messages.

You can also do it with the keyboard combination Ctrl++ or -, or the View > Zoom menu.


Your best chance to install this is using PlayOnLinux  as it'll configure wine to work with Age Of Empires III (and the various expansions) for you.


fdisk shows /home has 430GB while du -h only 326GB

du (disk usage) shows how much of the filesystem (disk partition) that is used.

fdisk and gpartedshows the size or the partiton.

You can also use df -h (disk free), it shows info like this:

Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1              497M  231M  267M  47% /boot
....

there are other options to df too, see man df.


My system is slow. What commands can I use to help determine what the problem is?

There are commands that you can issue and edit into your post that will be useful in helping you determine what your problem is. As Rinzwind suggests here top -o %CPU | head -n12
 could be useful. Also grep -i error /var/log/syslog and dmesg can provide useful output. A failing hard drive can also have a major impact on system speed especially in situations where files are being processed or swapping is taking place. It's a good idea to check the SMART status of your storage devices on occasion. Another possibility is failing to meet the minimum requirements of the version of Ubuntu you have installed as alluded to in this comment by pa4080.

If the problem is slow booting, systemd-analyze blame can also provide useful information.


How to get Rhythmbox to sync album cover art to Android?

I have a very similar setup with the exception that I do not transcode my flac files.  I found that I needed to embed the album art into the flac file itself using metaflac:

metaflac --import-picture-from="yourcover.jpg" "yourmusicfile.flac"

You'll have to make a script for this process, but I have a perl script that you can use that just needs modifying to match your directory locations:

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

my $artist;
my $album;
my $filename;
my $cover_filename;

if($#ARGV != 0)
{
    print("Usage: add_album_art_flac.pl <TOP DIR>\n");
    exit;
}

print("Getting artist album info...\n");
my @flac_album_artist = `find . -type f -name \"*.flac\" -exec metaflac --with-filename --show-tag=\"Artist\" --show-tag=\"Album\" {} \\\;`;
print("Got artist album info\n");

foreach my $flac_file (@flac_album_artist)
{
    if($flac_file =~ /^(.+):ARTIST=(.+)$/)
    {
        $filename = $1;
        $artist = $2;
    }
    elsif($flac_file =~ /^(.+):ALBUM=(.+)$/)
    {
        if($filename ne $1)
        {
            undef $artist;
            print("ERROR: Failed Sanity Check.  Dying...");
            die;
        }
        elsif(defined $artist)
        {
            $album = $2;
            $cover_filename = "/home/fred/.cache/rhythmbox/covers/$artist - $album.jpg";

            print("Fetching $cover_filename...\n");
            system("metaflac --import-picture-from=\"$cover_filename\" \"$filename\"");

            if($? == -1)
            {
                print("Failed to add $cover_filename to $artist - $album\n");
            }
            else
            {
                print("Successfully added $cover_filename to $filename\n");
            }
        }

        undef $artist;
    }
    else
    {
        print("ERROR: Bad line.  Dying...\n");
        die;
    }
}


Echo Cancellation and Noise Reduction for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS?

Edit /etc/pulse/default.pa and add the following lines to the end of the file and restart pulseaudio with pulseaudio -k

#Active Noise Removal
.ifexists module-echo-cancel.so
load-module module-echo-cancel aec_method=webrtc source_name=mic source_properties=device.description=MicHD
set-default-source "mic"
.endif


I was just having this problem and nmcli r wifi on solved it. NetworkManager was killing the wifi after startup finished which is why startup script solutions didn't work for me.


Mouse not working after installing 14.04 LTS 64bit

Start Terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T

Enter these lines in the terminal

sudo modprobe -r psmouse
sudo modprobe psmouse


All Firefox pop-ups dont have close or minimise button

Is this related to the question I asked at How to adjust window placement in Unity, Ubuntu 14.04 based on overlapping top bar ?

I have not gotten an answer yet. If this is a common problem (which it seems to be) eventually there will be an answer. Until then, the only workaround is to hold
Left Alt and then click and drag the window down. This will let you access the bar.


How do I convert windows 7 files to work in Ubuntu

Music (.MP3, .FLAC, .WAV etc), Documents (.TXT,.DOC,.DOCX,.XLS,.XLSX,.PPT,.PPTX,.PDF etc), Pictures (.PNG, .JPEG, .GIF, .TIF, .SVG etc) can all be used fine in Ubuntu. In fact, Ubuntu will take more different files than Windows 7. Computer files are not specific for any OS. What might not work out-of-the-box in Ubuntu are game files, since they will most likely be in binary format, specifically for the game they were used for. But even this often works by using Wine or PlayOnLinux.


BABL: Recreate aclocal.m4 with macros from libtool 2.4

Try running

autoreconf
./configure
make

in the root directory of your project.

If that doesn't work, try running make maintainer-clean first and then go to step 1.

If that still doesn't work, run make maintainer-clean, then delete every generated file in the root directory of your project; including aclocal.m4, any m4 directory, any autom4te.cache directory, configure, Makefile.in, config.h, config.h.in, config.status, libtool, ltmain.sh, etc. Then go to step 1.

From user mspoerr over at our friends at Stackoverflow.


How come my desktop computer is still on kernel 3.13.0-63-generic, when current version is 3.13.0-70?

You can try updating the kernels that have been downloaded then update your grub file.

When I checked the apt-cache for the kernel, it returned the following:

apt-cache policy linux-headers-3.13.0-70-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-70-generic:
  Installed: 3.13.0-70.113
  Candidate: 3.13.0-70.113
  Version table:
 *** 3.13.0-70.113 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

from what I can see the kernel files come from trusty-updates main and trusty-security main.

Edit your /etc/apt/sources.list and make sure that the following lines are not commented # out or make sure that they exist:

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted

Run the following to make sure the newest kernel is downloaded:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Also from our conversation, install the generic kernel:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-trusty

If it installs the kernel correctly, there would be no reason to go any further than here.

To update the current installed kernels, from a terminal prompt type in:

sudo update-initramfs -u -k all

You should see something like:

update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-33-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-70-generic

Then type in the following to update grub:

sudo update-grub

If the kernel was installed correctly, you should see something similar to the following:

Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-33-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-33-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-70-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-70-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 10 (loader) on /dev/sdd1
done

Once you have seen

Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-70-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-70-generic

reboot your system so it will boot to the 3.13.0-70-generic kernel.

Hope this helps!


Is there any way to add windows maximize animation using compiz

The wobbly windows option in compizconfig-settings-manager will give you an awesome Maximizing Effect.
P.S. This won't work with apps that use full-screens.


Cannot login in account with encrypted home after update from 11.04 to 11.10

Version 11.10 is still in alpha stage - this means development is early and things can be broken.

Encrypted folders and drives is one of these areas - see this ubuntuforums thread.

Rolling Back your System

My advice is to rollback your system back to 11.04 until - at a minimum - the first or second beta of 11.10.

This assumes of course that you took an image backup of your system before the alpha upgrade.

If you didnt, you may have to just reinstall 11.04 from scratch - this could lose all your data on your hard-disk.

Recoverying your Data

If you have a separate /home partition - follow the advice in this AU question.

Perhaps a better way is to backup all of your encrypted data using this AU question.  Then do a fresh 11.04 install before copying back the data you have backed up.


Best way to connect to Webdav on Sharepoint with NTLM Authentication Ubuntu 12.10

I faced the same issue.

So I rebuilt the package from source. I struggled to find a way to rebuild davfs2 with libneon27 instead of libneon27-gnutls. This question is closed (I think incorrectly). So I had to figure it out (not very complicated anyway)

Install libneon with proper OpenSSL sudo apt-get install libneon27 libneon27-dev
Remove existing davfs2 if you already have it sudo apt-get remove davfs2
Download davfs2 from source. I used version 1.5.2
Untar the file you just downloaded (something like tar -xzvf davfs2-1.5.2.tar.gz will work)
Change to the directory and launch ./configure
Build with make
Install with sudo make install

Once you've built davfs with the proper binding, you can use davfs to mount a folder with something like (you may need to be root)

mount.davfs <url> <folder> -o ro

You'll be asked for credentials unless you configure your secret files. See more information at http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/dapper/man8/mount.davfs.8.html


Papirus icon theme have icons for Telegram and Sublime. Most likely those apps are installed as snaps and the associated .desktop launchers have hard-coded paths for icons.

You can check whether the apps indeed are installed from snap packages by running

snap list

If that's the case, then you should find .desktop launchers for those apps in the /var/lib/snapd/desktop/applications/ directory. Copy the associated launchers to your ~/.local/share/applications/ directory and open with a text editor. Then change the Icon= line to Icon=telegram and so on.


Best Professional Video editor for Linux equivalent to Sony Vegas Pro?

Try Cinelerra.

Cinelerra is the most advanced non-linear video editor and compositor for Linux. Cinelerra also includes a video compositing engine, allowing the user to perform common compositing operations such as keying and mattes.Cinelerra

To download click here. (Edit: or install on 12.04 with the following commands.)

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:cinelerra-ppa/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cinelerra-cv

Also you can try OpenShot.

OpenShot has many great features, such as trimming and arranging videos, adjusting audio levels, transitions between videos, compositing multiple layers of video, chroma-key / green screen effect, and support of most formats and codecs.

What really sets OpenShot apart from other video editors is the easy-to-use user interface.OpenShot

To install OpenShot, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openshot.developers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openshot openshot-doc


Why doesn't Ubuntu Software Center have Anaconda?

Software in the Software Center is available in four main repositories:

Main - Canonical-supported free and open-source software.
Universe - Community-maintained free and open-source software.
Restricted - Proprietary drivers for devices.
Multiverse - Software restricted by copyright or legal issues.

The scope of each repository is described in detail in the link above. While it would be theoretically possible to provide a larger number of applications, each application requires work because

  the software is thoroughly tested and built specifically for each
  version of Ubuntu

Clearly then, there are limits to what will or won't be included. And since Anaconda, being an installer used by systems such as CentOS, Fedora and RedHat, is not required by Debian-based systems such as Ubuntu (which uses Ubiquity as its installer), it's exclusion isn't surprising.


I would try to uninstall Aurora, and then install Firefox via the command line (sudo apt-get install firefox). What version of Ubuntu are you using?


How can I auto-hide the launcher via a script, when I maximize the browser?

Below two versions of a script to autohide the launcher when an application's window is maximized. The scripts are tested on 14.04 / 14.10 /16.04

The differences

The first version is a "general" version, it makes the launcher autohide whenever a window of any application is maximized.
The second one makes the launcher autohide, but only on applications that you specifically define in the headsection of the script.

Both scripts recognize windows to be iconized, then there is no reason to autohide, and both scripts work workspace- specific; the launcher only switches to autohide on workspaces where actually one or more windows are maximized.

Installing wmctrl

The scripts use wmctrl to map the currently opened windows. You might have to install it:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

The scripts

Both scripts below were updated/rewritten March 2017.

1. The "basic" version, acts on maximized windows of all applications

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time

mx = "_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT, _NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ"
key = ["org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/",
       "launcher-hide-mode"]

def get(cmd):
    try:
        return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode("utf-8").strip()
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        pass

def force_get(cmd):
    # both xprop and wmctrl break once and a while, this is to retry if so
    val = None
    while not val:
        val = get(cmd)
    return val

def get_res():
    # look up screen resolution
    scrdata = get("xrandr").split(); resindex = scrdata.index("connected")+2
    return [int(n) for n in scrdata[resindex].split("+")[0].split("x")]

res = get_res()
hide1 = False

while True:
    time.sleep(2)
    hide = False
    wlist = [l.split() for l in force_get(["wmctrl", "-lpG"]).splitlines()]
    # only check windows if any of the apps is running
    for w in wlist:
        xpr = force_get(["xprop", "-id", w[0]])
        if all([
            mx in xpr, not "Iconic" in xpr,
            0 <= int(w[3]) < res[0], 0 <= int(w[4]) < res[1],
            ]):
            hide = True
            break
    if hide != hide1:
        nexts = "0" if hide == False else "1"
        currset = get(["gsettings", "get", key[0], key[1]])
        if nexts != currset:
            subprocess.Popen([
            "gsettings", "set", key[0], key[1], nexts
            ])
    hide1 = hide

2. The application- specific version:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time

apps = ["gnome-terminal", "firefox"]
mx = "_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT, _NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ"
key = ["org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/",
       "launcher-hide-mode"]

def get(cmd):
    try:
        return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode("utf-8").strip()
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        pass

def force_get(cmd):
    # both xprop and wmctrl break once and a while, this is to retry if so
    val = None
    while not val:
        val = get(cmd)
    return val

def get_res():
    # look up screen resolution
    scrdata = get("xrandr").split(); resindex = scrdata.index("connected")+2
    return [int(n) for n in scrdata[resindex].split("+")[0].split("x")]

res = get_res()
hide1 = False

while True:
    time.sleep(2)
    hide = False
    wlist = [l.split() for l in force_get(["wmctrl", "-lpG"]).splitlines()]
    pids = [get(["pgrep", app]) for app in apps]
    # only check windows if any of the apps is running
    if any(pids):
        for w in wlist:
            xpr = force_get(["xprop", "-id", w[0]])
            if all([
                mx in xpr, not "Iconic" in xpr,
                0 <= int(w[3]) < res[0], 0 <= int(w[4]) < res[1],
                any([w[2] == pid for pid in pids]),
                ]):
                hide = True
                break
        if hide != hide1:
            nexts = "0" if hide == False else "1"
            currset = get(["gsettings", "get", key[0], key[1]])
            if nexts != currset:
                subprocess.Popen([
                "gsettings", "set", key[0], key[1], nexts
                ])
        hide1 = hide

How to use:

Copy either one of the scripts into an empty file,
[set, if you chose the second one, your applications to hide]
and save it as autohide.py.

Run it by the command:

python3 /path/to/autohide.py

If it acts like you want it to, add it to your startup applications.
N.B. If you use it as a startup application, you should uncomment the line:

time.sleep(10)

In the head section of the script. The script might crash if it is called before the desktop is fully loaded. Change the value (10), depending on your system.

Explanation

In a loop the script:

[checks the possible pids of the set applications]
checks the screen's resolution, to see where the windows are positiond (relative to the current workspace)
creates a list of current windows, their state
checks the current hide-mode (either 0 for not- autohide or 1 for autohide)

(only) if a change in the hide-mode needs to be made, the script changes the setting.


You can download just the KDE window manager or KDE with all of the extras that you would find with kubuntu. I recommend the latter. It would be the safest.

 sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

or Using Software Center

That will install everything you need.


Ubuntu remote desktop from another ubuntu

SSH server
You can install an ssh server for example openssh-server in the Ubuntu systems that you want to access remotely. Then you can connect via ssh to run programs remotely and via sftp or rsync to transfer files.
See these links,
help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/openssh-server.html
help.ubuntu.com/community/SSH
If you use key authentication, you need not use password to log in, which makes things faster and easier. Then you can also disable password authentication, which makes things safer.
Example
Shellscripts
You can use a shellscript similar to this to transfer files,
send-data-to-computer-x:
#!/bin/bash

if [ $# -ne 1 ]
then
  echo "Usage: $0 <user@ip-adress>"
  exit
fi

echo "$0 $1 sending data via rsync"

rsync -Hav directory-to-transfer "$1":/home/${1%\@*}

You can use a shellscript similar to this to do things at the remote computer, in this example check with md5sum that the transfer was successful,
do-things-at-computer-x:
#!/bin/bash

if [ $# -ne 1 ]
then
  echo "Usage: $0 <user@ip-adress>"
  exit
fi

echo "$0 $1 running commands via ssh"

ssh "$1" "cd directory-to-transfer;grep -v ' .md5sum\.txt$' md5sum.txt | md5sum -c"

These shellscripts can be run from a master shellscript with user@ip-adress specified for every target computer in order to make things convenient.
Dialogue
$ ./send-data-to-computer-x  sudodus@192.168.0.4
./send-data-to-computer-x sudodus@192.168.0.4 sending data via rsync
sudodus@192.168.0.4's password:
sending incremental file list
directory-to-transfer/
directory-to-transfer/01-ssh-connect-to-server.png
directory-to-transfer/02-ssh-cant-verify-the-identity-first-time.png
directory-to-transfer/03-ssh-enter-password.png
directory-to-transfer/04-ssh-logged-into-the-server.png
directory-to-transfer/05-ssh-baobab-in-server.png
directory-to-transfer/do-things-at-computer-x
directory-to-transfer/md5sum.txt
directory-to-transfer/send-data-to-computer-x

sent 1,653,050 bytes  received 172 bytes  300,585.82 bytes/sec
total size is 1,651,897  speedup is 1.00
$ ./do-things-at-computer-x  sudodus@192.168.0.4
./do-things-at-computer-x sudodus@192.168.0.4 running commands via ssh
sudodus@192.168.0.4's password:
01-ssh-connect-to-server.png: OK
02-ssh-cant-verify-the-identity-first-time.png: OK
03-ssh-enter-password.png: OK
04-ssh-logged-into-the-server.png: OK
05-ssh-baobab-in-server.png: OK
do-things-at-computer-x: OK
send-data-to-computer-x: OK
$

More tips
The following link will add some detailed tips, that might be useful
What is the simplest way to have remote GUI access to Ubuntu 16.04 “server” from Ubuntu 16.04 “desktop”?


How do I run/execute this file "OpenVPN GUI for Linux"?

Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T should work), then cd to the directory to which you have downloaded the file (you should move the .tar.bz2 file into some empty directory):

mkdir -p ~/Apps/OpenVPN-gui
mv ~/Downloads/sogfl_v0.1.0.1.tar.bz2 ~/Apps/OpenVPN-gui/
cd ~/Apps/OpenVPN-gui/

Then you have to unpack it, it can be done by this command

bzcat sogfl_v0.1.0.1.tar.bz2 | tar x

Then you can see many files, i.e. README in this case so do cat README and see, that there is written to do typical configure & make & make install dance:

./configure
make
sudo make install

Note: There's probably a mistake in the README file - make and make install should be without ./ and if you're not root user, you probably will need do make install with sudo.

This is the way how to install most of the source tarballs. It's good to know it, but if you can, try to search for an Ubuntu package instead.


Error while updating "System does not contain Ubuntu-desktop"

I am trying to update my Ubuntu 11.10 in the regular fashion

What do you mean by "regular fashion"? Alternate cd upgrade?
What do you mean by "update"? Update to ubuntu 12.04? Which program are you using for your "regular fashion"?

Probably some package removed it.
If you use ubuntu (gnome), execute these commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-standard ubuntu-minimal
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

This will install the meta-packages and perform a full upgrade (will not change ubuntu version). Reboot your computer.


E: Package 'wine1.5' has no installation candidate

There isn't a package named wine1.5 in any currently supported version of Ubuntu.
In Ubuntu 18.04 and later:
sudo apt install wine-stable

In Ubuntu 16.04 and later the wine-development package is a newer version than wine1.6 and the wine-stable package. For example in Ubuntu 19.04 wine-stable is version 3.0.1 and wine-development is version 4.2.
sudo apt install wine-development

In Ubuntu 14.04-21.04:
sudo apt install wine1.6

In Ubuntu 12.04:
sudo apt-get install wine1.4

If you search for Wine in the Software application, you may find that multiple versions of Wine are available. Before you install Wine, look up the Windows app that you want to run in the Wine Application Database to find out if your app requires a specific version of Wine.


I have a CD to upgrade to windows 8.1. Is it safe?

To my knowledge, installing Windows 8.1 from Windows 7 will indeed overwrite your MBR, but upgrading from Windows 8 to 8.1 should not.

However if your MBR does get overwritten, it is still possible to repair it.
How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?)


How do I find out what Amazon has stored?

Easy, assuming you're using your own AWS account.  Login here: http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/ then click the "Sign in to the AWS Management Console" at the very top.  Select the appropriate bucket and bam - there's your stuff.

Alternatively, if you didn't create an Amazon Web Services account, you're probably using the AWS account of the developer of whatever app you're using to store stuff there.  In which case, you'll need to ask them.

Sorry, the question is a bit vague, so I gave two answers.  If I misunderstood, could you try rephrasing the question with a little more detail?


How to remove viber icon from left top corner

You added a 14.10 PPA to 14.04 - so first remove it:

sudo apt-add-repository --remove ppa:gurqn/systray-utopic

Now add the 14.04 PPA :

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:gurqn/systray-trusty
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade


How to properly format a pendrive with Ubuntu and have permissions to read/write from any computer

Restore to a standard storage device

If you want to format the pendrive to the standard, the MSDOS partition table and one partition with the FAT32 file system, you can install mkusb according to this link,

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb

sudo add-apt-repository universe  # only for standard Ubuntu in live mode

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mkusb/ppa  # and press Enter
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mkusb mkusb-nox usb-pack-efi

and 'Restore to a standard storage device' according to this link,

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/wipe

Something more advanced

If you want something more advanced, for example a file system, that can manage files bigger than 4 GB, have a look at the following link,

How do I copy a file larger than 4GB to a USB flash drive?

Creating an NTFS file system

You want an easy method to create an NTFS file system (not FAT32). Maybe the following alternatives in Ubuntu will be easy enough to compete with Windows.

gparted has an intuitive graphical user interface, that makes it easy to create a partition table and a partition with NTFS. It is bundled with Ubuntu live, but is stripped from the installed system, you have to install it with

sudo apt install gparted

The classic interface of mkusb, mkusb-11, where there is an alternative for NTFS in the wipe menu.

If problems with automatic mounting

If you have problems with automatic mounting, you can try manually according to this link,

How do I use 'chmod' on an NTFS (or FAT32) partition?


How do i tell ubuntu to only install is asked for and do not bring other dependencies which will break the whole system?

Use sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install pkg1 pkg2 ....

To disable installing recommends by default, please see:
How can I set up aptitude-curses so that it doesn't automatically select *recommended* packages?
(applies to apt-get too)


cannot upgrade ubuntu 16.04 - - mysql dependencies problem

I had the same problem, most probably resulting from installing/testing/removing lots of software. I resolved it by purging and re-installing mysql-server.

apt-get purge mysql-common

Of course, take care of your mysql data before you purge it. I'm not sure wether your data would survive the above commandline. I didn't care about my data, because it was just rubbish I used for testing.

Hope this helps.

TomTomTom


SysRq REISUB

Responding to your edited original question: I suggest the 'SysRq REISUB' method. This is a way to reboot linux systems gracefully, that often works to keep the file system healthy (in contrast to hard poweroff).

SysRq is often on the PrintScreen key:

Press Alt + PrintScreen continuously, sometimes the Fn key is involved too (in laptops),

and then slowly (one key after another) the keys R E I S U B to reboot.

When you press the 'letter keys' you need not specify caps lock or shift.

The corresponding sequence to shut down the computer gracefully is:

Press Alt + PrintScreen continuously, sometimes the Fn key is involved too (in laptops),

and then slowly (one key after another) the keys R E I S U O to shut down.

B 'Boot' is replaced by O 'Off'.

You find more details at the following links,

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key

How to call up high priority responsive terminal window, even if Xubuntu is hopelessly frozen


Can't add cloud-archive:tools to repository

From https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/CloudToolsArchive: "The Cloud Tools archive is only supported on Ubuntu 12.04"

I guess they haven't gotten to updating it to support 14.04.  The maas package in 14.10 is at version 1.7.0~beta8+bzr3272-0ubuntu1 -- note the "beta" word there, so as far as stable releases go, what is in 14.04 is the latest one.


18.04 LTS won't let me re-login and shut down after failed apt get update

1) List apt process

ps -A | grep apt

this show like output:

12421 pts/1 00:00:00 apt
12445 pts/1 00:00:00 apt

2) Kill this process:
The process ID (PID) is found in the first column from the output above.

sudo kill -SIGKILL <PID>

3) Remove Lock

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock


Using Vim as external editor using only one instance

Yes, this is possible with vim's server mode. Start a vim-server with:

vim --servername somename

Now you can send commands to it with --remote, --remote-send and others.

To achieve what you want, start a server with a known name, send the :tabe commands with:

vim --servername somename --remote-send ':tabe filename<cr>'

Note the same commands work for gvim. If this should work from within another program, you need to start the vim-server prior to any --remote-send commands. The edit command within the program should then be: vim --servername somename --remote-send ':tabe %s<cr>', assuming %s is replaced by the filename to edit.


Close, minimize and maximize buttons randomly moved sides

I just fixed this..

First install this

sudo apt-get install gconf-editor

Then open it

gconf-editor

Now click onapps then metacity then click general
button_
A dialog will open in the right of the window, now find the option button_layout and change the text next to it to close,minimize,maximize and this will fix it.

Also you can change the button order (eg minimize,maximize,close) if you wish.

Or add a drop down menu by doing this to put it in the right corner minimize,maximize,close:menu or menu:minimize,maximize,close for a left menu with buttons on the right.


sudo apt-get install & sudo apt-get -f install returning error

Try to upgrade libqt5gui5 using sudo apt-get upgrade libqt5gui5.


How do I set brightness to a lower level in Lubuntu 12 (HP laptop)?

Everything in Linux is a file. There is a device file to change the brightness.

Open terminal using Ctrl+Alt+T.

Execute this command: cd /sys/class/backlight/ .
Under this directory you'll find a dir named acpi_video0, you might get it with different name.

CD to that directory. cd acpi_video0 and open the file brightness using root user.

You can write a command or a keyboard shortcut that does the modification of the file for you. It's up to you how you want it!


Dell D630 with Ubuntu 12.04: fail to shut down

I have the same issue. I have two D630s, one running 12.04 with Unity and another running 12.04 with Gnome Shell.

When using Gnome Shell with the post-release updates driver I was unable to restart, on reverting to the version-current driver the system restarts normally.

When using Unity with the version-current driver I was unable to restart, on updating to the post-release updates driver the system restarts normally.

After changing the driver a restart is required for the new driver to kick in. This will be a manual restart but from then on your system should restart normally again.

Hope this helps anyone with the same annoying problem.


The Scilab package is from universe pocket. The repository should be enabled  and then Scilab may be installed by:
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install scilab

Also please note that Scilab is broken on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. See other question for solution.


How to subscribe to other user's calendars?

Right click on account in mail page. Choose "subscribe to folder of other user", locate the user via the choose button and select calendar in the folder name drop down menu. Click ok, and your co-worker's calendar should be available in the calendar page under the Exchange account.


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS - Bluetooth not detecting any device

It looks like you never updated your system. You have an ancient kernel that doesn't have support of the device. The support has been added by this commit

Run in a terminal

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

You should get the 3.13.0-126 kernel that has support of this device.


Mount.cifs with krb5 fails while smbclient with same krb5-ticket works

Yes, keyutils are installed. Meanwhile, we found out that "mount" needs a corresponding entry in the keytab file pointing to kerberos.


Geeqie is lightweight and will do the job.

To install sudo apt-get install geeqie

In order to disable anti-aliasing go to Edit > Preferences > Preferences > Image and change zoom quality to nearest and disable two pass rendering.

In order to show pixel coordinates and RGB value go to View and check Pixel Info


"No MTA installed" means that in your script, you might want to send an email, but no MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) have been specified.
The cron daemon tries in fact to send outputs to you.
You can install an MTA (like postfix), or, if outputs are not important, redirect to" /dev/null 2>&1"


sudo add-apt-repository ppa:(Your ppa here) -y

Put the above thing in your script.


Ubuntu Nexus 7 Installer Fails Due to Bad Checksums

Try the phablet-flash install method, works best!

Follow the Wiki exactly!

If downloading is still causing a bad md5sum(for manual) close all you windows, restart your router & computer; your connection could be the issue. Maybe clear the browser cache.


Try:

sudo sed -i -e 's/trusty/utopic/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo reboot

EDIT: What this does: it updates /etc/apt/sources.list to use the utopic packages stream rather than the trusty stream. This will upgrade the packages appropriately.


Libre Office Display more visible icons on dark-breeze Kde theme

As @DK Bose stated select: Tools > Options > LibreOffice > View > Icon Style Then select the icon theme as the image shows bellow:

For those that the user interface / system language is in Greek should select Εργαλεία > Επιλογές > Προβολή and then maximize or enlarge the window (the options not shown correctly for some reason in the norma sized window) and then select the options as shows the image bellow:

The Oxygen icon theme gave me colorfull icons that I can see them even on a dark theme.

Also in case that you use neither Greek nor English as system's language then you can launch the libreoffice in English by typing at the terminal:

LANG=C libreoffice --writer

Then follow the steps mentioned for English environment.


Need to mount my single Ubuntu 16.04 partition with the mount 'suid' option enabled

Your deduction that not mounting with the "suid" option is not correct.  This is actually the default, unless you specify "nosuid" to negate it (refer to http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man8/mount.8.html)

We can also generally know that it is working fine, because setuid is used by many system tools, even ping! su and sudo would not work unless setuid was working.

Most likely your setuid is somehow setup wrong, my first guess would be that your binary is not owned by root.  The output of "ls -la /usr/local/sbin/BINARY" would help understand the current status of the binary.  You could compare the output to sudo, which is correctly setuid:

$ ls -lad /usr/bin/sudo
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 140944 Jan 14 07:41 /usr/bin/sudo

Finally it's also possible whatever context you are executing the application is forbidden to use this setuid binary by an AppArmor profile.


how to hide hidden directory on ftp client

Put
hide_file={.*}
in /etc/vsftpd.conf.
From the manual:

hide_file
This option can be used to set a pattern for filenames (and directory names etc.) which should be hidden from directory listings. Despite being hidden, the files / directories etc. are fully accessible to clients who know what names to actually use. Items will be hidden if their names contain the string given by hide_file, or if they match the regular expression specified by hide_file. Note that vsftpd's regular expression matching code is a simple implementation which is a subset of full regular expression functionality. See deny_file for details of exactly what regex syntax is supported.

Example: hide_file={.mp3,.hidden,hide,h?}
Default: (none)

This will only hide the file. You can still see it or use it or edit it if you know it is there.
Have a look at deny_file for that.


How to use rsync when root priviledges are needed on remote host?

It is not impossible to enable root login in Ubuntu it is just not recommended. (see this answer for how-to)

Alternatively rsync user can be granted root privilege (see here)


Is there any GTD or ToDo application that supports both Android and Ubuntu?

Evernote has its Ubuntu synchronization with tool named as everpad. as you know that Evernote is a very famous tool for notes and ToDO and that tool is everpad.

you can install everpad in Ubuntu by using these commands from your terminal

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nvbn-rm/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install everpad

credit goes here


Ubuntu 17.10 touchpad not precise in small movements

I had a similar problem on my Lenovo Y700 touchpad using Linux Mint. When I drew a circle on a touchpad my pointer moved along a rounded square. Turning off noise cancellation solved the issue.

xinput set-prop "Device ID" "Synaptics Noise Cancellation" 0 0

You can get ID of your touchpad with:

xinput list


Panels are not showing on second display

You can either create new panel in the primary display or move the panel from the second display to the first.

Right click on empty space on the panel and choose Panel > Panel preferences... Once you have that open, you can move the panels around or add new one.


1) Python is considerd as a easy language. But it is dependance on on your interest and coding style

2) the python shell and text editor are installed by default in ubuntu,  if you want quickly create ubuntu application, you can try quickly

Terminal installation:

sudo apt-get install quickly


How can I get the R backend for Cantor in Kubuntu?

This is a bug.

As a workaround, someone has created a ppa for kdeedu with R support.

Try adding the ppa then installing Cantor.


how to view files of exteral hard drives connected via USB

When you connect an external HDD (For example Western Digital) via USB.
1)You will get an notification stating that the an external storage has been detected. something like this.

if that previous step doesn't work. You can check if whether the external HDD is getting detected or not using the "Disks" utility. All mount storage disks or devices will be displayed here.

Kindly check the above steps. If the issue still persists let me know.
Thanks
Senthamizh


That "crack sound" you hear is when you plug off the connector is the contact in the plug socket, that bridges the gap between the left and the right audio signal (for a really short time). This ends in some kind of back coupling of the signal: the weird crack sound.

So this cannot be avoided through software, because it's a hardware related idiosyncrasy of the jack connector.


My wireless BCM4311 card is not working for my laptop?

Please do:

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree
sudo modprobe b43


Installing Ubuntu 20.04.02 Live ISO on Windows 2019 Hyper-V

I have the exact same error. I tried Ubuntu 18.04, gen1 vm, gen2 vm, tried using hwe kernel. I wonder if it is related to underlying (host) hardware or BIOS/firmware updates. Or the latest Windows updates of the host.


Change background color of terminal emulator wrapper

The command line parameters options of xterm work with lxterm for me:

lxterm -fg beige -bg '#2b2c2b' -fa default -fs 12 -geometry 80x4

Would this method work for you (using a script or putting the text string in a desktop file).


I have the exact same problem, so I hacked up a small script as a workaround: https://github.com/valderman/bt-reload-headphones

When a Bluetooth device which supports the audio sink profile is connected, the script attempts to switch it over to audio sink. If this fails, it disconnects the device and then reconnects it. This "fixes" the issue for me (Sony WH-1000XM2), but YMMV.


Is there a way to emulate the 'dynamic workspaces' functionality in Unity?

No, that's currently not possible. I think everyone agrees that is a very nice feature of Gnome Shell, so I wouldn't be surprised if we get a similar feature in Unity.


I faced a camera problem using in Telegram Desktop application

Did you install Telgram with snap?
Then you have to connect your camera to snap:
sudo snap connect telegram-desktop:camera


Fixing permissions of backup files that I don't have -r or -w access to - but still denied access

Try the following:

sudo chown -R username:username <directory with your files>

This will transfer the ownership of these files to you, so you can use them again.


How do I search for and install the latest version of MinGW-w64

If you want the Ubuntu one (stable) you can do...

sudo apt-get install mingw-w64

BTW: It states 'Development environment targetting 32- and 64-bit Windows' so there is probably only 1 install for both systems on Ubuntu.
I used http://packages.ubuntu.com/quantal/ to search for mingw

If you want the latest(=bleeding edge) you need to install from source.

  From the  Website.

  Source files: if you're reading this, you probably don't want these.
  Automated builds: these are daily or weekly builds of different versions of the toolchain components, packaged together in one bundle. Here there are also Linux and Cygwin cross-complers.

  Automated builds with the 1.0 version tag are GCC 4.5.
  Automated builds without the 1.0 version in their name are GCC trunk.
  Personal builds: these are builds made by users, and approved by the developers and maintained by active users. They usually provide more features than the autobuilds.

See the answer by woto in How to add a directory to the PATH? on how to add directories to PATH.

Download the one you want from the Automated Builds. To install a downloaded toolchain package, just untar it to a directory of your choice and add the toolchain executables to PATH.


Running C++ executable file using nautilus

The fix to the problem was reasonably simple, and makes me feel a little dumb. All I had to do was go into the directory that contains the file (with the terminal) then I type sudo ldconfig and, hey presto! It works like a charm. Apparently the problem occurred because the executable couldn't find the libraries, but from double clicking in nautilus, I didn't get any errors, which is why I thought the problem was with nautilus.


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS: Trying to install Ruby 2.0, but gnome-session-bin seems to be half installed

I've solved using synaptic. I've reinstalled the package gnome-session-bin and the system is running ok


Make a read only filesystem for one specific user (Ubuntu 18.04)

User bob already cannot write outside of /home/bob, so it is necessary to make /home/bob not writeable by user bob:
$ sudo chown -R root:root /home/bob

If bob is logging in using ssh with public key, then bob still needs keys readable by bob:
$ sudo chmod 400 /home/bob/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ sudo chown bob /home/bob/.ssh/authorized_keys

And make sure that /home/bob/.ssh has permissions 755:
$ sudo ls -alhF /home/bob/.ssh
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 28 17:12 ./
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Apr 28 17:16 ../
-r-------- 1 bob  root 2314 Apr 28 17:12 authorized_keys


apt-get: error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.6:

I was finally able to resolve the issue by simply copying libstdc++.so.6.0.19 from another installation and simply placing it in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu folder.  Right after that everything went back to normal.  I am still curious as to why a simple reboot would result in this nightmare.


It is possible to include packages in an Ubuntu distribution by using UCK.

  Ubuntu Customization Kit is a tool that helps you customizing official Ubuntu Live CDs (including Kubuntu/Xubuntu and Edubuntu) to your needs. You can add any package to the live system, for example language packs, or applications.

Install it with

sudo apt-get install uck

Here is a guide if you want to do it manually without UCK

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCDCustomization


Assuming your local folder is synced to the remote folder this is possible.  I have done it with a cron entry in Linux with:

find /path/to/synchronized/folders -type f -mtime +30 -exec rm {} \;

This will delete files older than 30 days.


16.04 Gimp packages cannot be authenticated

I tried a bunch of things, but ultimately what fixed it was:

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
sudo apt update

From: Trouble downloading packages list due to a "Hash sum mismatch" error


You can manually set an icon for Nightly. To do that follow the steps below.

Open Files and go to your /usr/share/applications folder. Look for the "Nightly" file and copy it.
Paste the file in ~/.local/share/applications. It should look like a file with the name <filename>.desktop. (If there is already one .desktop file for Firefox Nightly in ~/.local/share/applications you don't have to copy & paste.)
Right click on this .desktop file and open with Text Editor.
Look for a line starting with Icon=. Change it to

Icon=/full/path/to/your/preferred/icon-image

Save the .desktop file.


Dependency problem with old version of ubuntu

Somewhere  in the post-installation script of the DEB package (/var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-58-generic.postinst) is the code snippet below

die "Internal Error: Could not find image (" . $realimageloc
  . "$kimage-$version)\n" unless -e $realimageloc
  . "$kimage-$version";

means, the script fails, if unless -e $realimageloc returns false, or in other words, if the file /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-58-generic doesn't exist.

Two possibilities:

Create a dummy file

sudo touch /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-58-generic

Run

sudo apt-get install -f

OR

Deactivate the die statement

Edit the post-installation script

sudo nano /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-58-generic.postinst

Search the code block

die "Internal Error: Could not find image (" . $realimageloc
  . "$kimage-$version)\n" unless -e $realimageloc
  . "$kimage-$version";

and comment the lines out, simply add a # for each line
You should now see something like this

# Paranoid check to make sure that the correct value is put in there
if    (! $kimage)                 { $kimage = "vmlinuz"; } # Hmm. empty
elsif ($kimage =~ m/^b?uImage$/o) { $kimage = "vmlinuz"; } # these produce vmlinuz
elsif ($kimage =~ m/^b?zImage$/o) { $kimage = "vmlinuz"; } # these produce vmlinuz
elsif ($kimage =~ m/^[iI]mage$/o) { my $nop = $kimage;   }
elsif ($kimage =~ m/^vmlinux$/o)  { my $nop = $kimage;   }
else                              { $kimage = "vmlinuz"; } # Default

$ENV{KERNEL_ARCH}=$kernel_arch if $kernel_arch;

# die "Internal Error: Could not find image (" . $realimageloc
#  . "$kimage-$version)\n" unless -e $realimageloc
#  . "$kimage-$version";

# search for the boot loader in the path
my $loader_exec;
($loader_exec = $loader)  =~ s|.*/||;
my ($loaderloc) = grep -x, map "$_/$loader_exec",
  map { length($_) ? $_ : "." }  split /:/, $ENV{PATH};

######################################################################
######################################################################
###########        Test whether a relative symlinkwould be OK #######
######################################################################
######################################################################
######################################################################

Save the file and run

sudo apt-get install -f


Where do I find the default Ambiance theme?

You can get it from the source package of the light-themes using:

sudo apt-get source light-themes


Hi this is more than a little bit late but I've had this problem today and I have it figured out.  If you look at the list given by xmodmap -pke, it starts at 8 being empty, 9 being escape, and so on.  BUT - if you look at the output of

showkey --keycodes  //(in a console, not a terminal - eg the Ctrl-Alt-F1 thing)

it says that escape is mapped to 1, and all of the keys you press will be of a value that is 8 less than what xmodmap will show you.  I can't tell you why this happens, but it does.  I hope this helps people in the future :)


Why doesn't google-chrome get the multi-window indicator on the Ubuntu dock?

It looks like they fixed it. If anyone wants to post some details about what you think they did (or if you want to go find the change log) that'd be cool.


How do I decide what version of Ubuntu to install?

To help you choose the right version of Ubuntu, just head to the Official Ubuntu current releases site.

If you want the most current stable version of Ubuntu and don't like problems just start reading from the top of the list and stop when you see the first LTS (Long Term Support) version and download and install that.

If you're a bit of an Ubuntu hobbyist or like upgrading often (at least once/year, more if you can) just start reading from the top of the list and stop when you see the first version and download that.

If you're a pioneer and want to help advancing the human race just start reading from the top of the list and stop when you see the first version that says future  (Warning: you might want to install this version in dual-boot with a stable version)

So, please don't install "Dapper Drake" or "Utopic Unicorn"  just because their names sound cool!


Program Preferences no longer recognizes Desktop webmail

I made a new desktop-webmail release and uploaded new packages for Ubuntu to my PPA.


How to edit chromium code to hide/remove address bar?

I'm not on my Ubuntu system right now, so I can't check it, but you should be able to run chromium in Kiosk mode.  It's a command-line switch "--kiosk".  This will disable the address bar for you.

For your reference, here's a full list of Chromium command line switches

To get rid of context menus, use JavaScript on the page to capture the right-click (mouse button 2) and then simply ignore the input.


creating partition /biosboot for fedora 22

First, a BIOS Boot Partition is not mounted and so is not referred to as "/biosboot" -- the leading slash normally indicates a mounted partition or a directory in the root (/) filesystem. This may seem pedantic, but the point is to highlight that I'm making an assumption that you're talking about a true BIOS Boot Partition and not simply some random partition that you've mounted at /biosboot. If you've done the latter, all bets are off and the below may not apply....

A BIOS Boot Partition is meaningful only on GUID Partition Table (GPT) disks and is useful only when booting in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. If you're booting Windows from a GPT disk, though, Windows must necessarily be booting in EFI/UEFI mode -- that's a Windows limitation. Thus, your question implies that you've installed Fedora in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode but have an existing Windows installation in EFI/UEFI mode. (Your Mint and Ubuntu installations were probably also in EFI mode, but they can switch pretty easily and so would still boot in BIOS mode after you installed a BIOS-mode GRUB.) There is one possible flaw in this analysis: You didn't specify how many disks your computer has. If you've got two disks, you might be booting Windows in BIOS mode from an MBR disk and Fedora in BIOS mode from a GPT disk. If this is the case, the below doesn't apply; but if you've got a single disk, or if all your disks use GPT, read on....

The first thing to do is to disable BIOS/CSM/legacy support in your firmware. How to do this varies from one computer to another. On a few systems, it can't really be controlled by the user, in which case you'll need to poke around to figure out how to force the computer to boot in EFI/UEFI mode. Knowing the brand and model of your computer (or motherboard, if it's self-built) may be helpful.

Once you disable BIOS/CSM/legacy mode, the computer should boot using whatever boot loader you'd used before. Chances are you'll then be able to boot Windows, Mint, and Ubuntu, but not Fedora. You can boot into whatever OS controls GRUB (presumably Mint or Ubuntu) and do a sudo update-grub to get it to detect Fedora.

EDIT: Based on your Boot Info Script output, you appear to have an EFI-mode installation of Windows and a BIOS-mode installation of Ubuntu, Mint, and Fedora. There's no evidence of an EFI-mode boot loader for Linux, which you must have to boot all your OSes. Here's how to recover:

Disable BIOS/CSM/legacy support in your firmware. Using this feature is what got you into the problem in the first place, and disabling it will help you control your boot process in the future. The next step requires booting your computer in EFI mode, which you can do most reliably by disabling the CSM. I can't provide detailed instructions on how to do this because the details vary from one computer to another. The options appear in the firmware's setup utility (what most people erroneously call the "BIOS setup utility"), so you'll have to dig through there. Chances are you manually enabled the CSM, since most modern computers ship with it disabled. (If your computer predates Windows 8, though, it may have shipped with the CSM enabled.) Note that "enabling BIOS/CSM/legacy support" is sometimes phrased as "disabling EFI/UEFI booting," although this latter phrasing is rare.
Install an EFI boot loader for Linux. Several are available, but the two that are likely to be easiest to install are:

My rEFInd -- You can do a test using the USB flash drive or CD-R image, available on the rEFInd downloads page. It should show you options for Windows and for both Ubuntu and Mint, although they may be hard to tell apart initially. Also, your Fedora install seems to put the kernel inside an LVM, so you'll need to split off a separate /boot partition to get it to work, or at least copy your Fedora kernels to the ESP or some other accessible location. (You can tackle that later.) If rEFInd works from a removable media, install its Debian package or PPA from Ubuntu or Mint, then tackle fine-tuning it: Create a /boot partition for Fedora and give the Ubuntu and Mint partitions names of "Ubuntu" and "LinuxMint," respectively, so that rEFInd will show the correct icons.
GRUB and Boot Repair -- The Boot Repair tool can automatically fix many GRUB problems; however to work in your case it must be run from EFI mode. Also, it's an automated script that might or might not get everything right in your complex quadruple-boot configuration, and there's no way to know whether it will do the right thing except by setting it loose on your system, so there's a risk that it will make things worse. If it works, though, everything will come together immediately.

As a side note, I'd say that it's probably better to use virtualization (VirtualBox, QEMU, VMware, etc.) rather than try to boot so many OSes on "bare metal." Multi-boot setups like yours are complex and difficult to maintain, whereas virtualization enables you to isolate each OS in its own container, thus making things much simpler to manage.