How can I find out which service started a process so I can disable that service?

On Ubuntu 16.04 and newer (using systemd as init), you can use systemctl status <PID> (from this Unix & Linux post):

For service processes:

$ systemctl status 561
● sshd.service - OpenSSH Daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-01-04 15:38:01 JST; 7h ago
 Main PID: 561 (sshd)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
           └─561 /usr/bin/sshd -D

For other things, it will probably be in a user session scope:

$ systemctl status $(pgrep chrome -n)
● session-c2.scope - Session c2 of user muru
   Loaded: loaded (/run/systemd/transient/session-c2.scope; transient; vendor preset: disabled)
Transient: yes
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-01-04 15:46:30 JST; 7h ago
    Tasks: 422
   CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/session-c2.scope

Another answer in that U&L post has a simpler command:

ps -o unit -p <PID>

Compare:

$ ps -o pid,unit -p $(pgrep chrome -n) 561
  PID UNIT
  320 session-c2.scope
  561 sshd.service


How do I get the brightness control working on a Lenovo Yoga 13?

I found solution how to fix problem with brightness

Copy/paste:

Add the acpi_backlight=vendor to your GRUB_DEFAULT command line
Run the sudo update-grub command
blacklist the ideapad_laptop by adding blacklist ideapad_laptop to your /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf file.
Reboot


What Firewall Port is required for snap package management?

In addition to allowing DNS of course, Ubuntu Core requires TCP/443 connectivity for snap package management to check for updates & install packages. The Ubuntu Core host on 192.168.1.26 is using a port from the Dynamic/Private port range, TCP/35234

Doing a host lookup of host 91.189.92.20 reports the remote IP as Snapcraft's:

20.92.189.91.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer api.snapcraft.io.

Anyhoo, hope this saves others some time-


I installed python3.6 on ubuntu 20.04, but when I type 'python3' or 'pip3' it refers to python 3.8. Uninstall it removes everything from my pc

You can open the shell writing python3.6 instead of python3.
If you want to open python3.6 every time you write python in the shell, you can establish the default python executable with update-alternatives as follows:
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.6 1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.8 2

If you want to change the default again, you can simply write:
sudo update-alternatives --config python

and insert the number related to the version you want to use.


Ubuntu Server turns off every 15 Minutes since installing updates

As this is a server, I assume you don't want it to ever go into a low-power state. In that case, issue the following command to disable all:

sudo systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target


I was unable to install mysql in my ubuntu OS

As I understood, you installed mysql without root password (by mistake).
According to this link, you can solve your problem by doing the following.

in the terminal run:

sudo mysql
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';

Where password is a new password for the root user.
Also, don't forget to restart mysql using sudo service mysql restart after altering the user's password.


Sharing files between 2 Ubuntu One accounts

On the machine you wish to change open ubuntuone navigate to the Devices tab and remove that machine. close ubuntuone, reopen it and sign in with the info from the other machine. Then you simply have to select the cloud folders you wish  to sync.


Ubuntu 16.04.1 : Unity still showing user list on indicator menu

It is not the best option to edit the xml file.

The proper way to hide users is to open the terminal and type the following command:

gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session user-show-menu false

Enter your password


Default wireless driver doesn't work on MacBook Pro 7,1

It seems your card BCM4322 is partially supported. In my opinion it would be better to buy to buy a usb wifi adapter.


what is the meaning of `ACPI_OSC request failed`?

The kernel is reporting that the firmware has refused to pass control of PCIe functionality to the kernel. _OSC is an ACPI control method that the kernel uses to see if the firmware (BIOS) will allow it to control PCIe (amongst other things).

This is just a warning message and not a bug.


You should investigate the Minimal Install, which lets you pick only the packages you want.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD


Unsupported Ubuntus - is it safe to continue with them?

Well, better be concise:

Yes
No, there will be no updates.
    You will be able to install obsolete software from the EOL repositories, but nothing there will be updated and you will not receive help from this or other official help websites.
    Also, when the distro version becomes EOL you will have to follow a particular procedure to upgrade it to the next version (and not always works)
Yes (even before, so you have time to adapt to your new system)
No, a clean install will not be required. I upgraded 14.04>14.10>15.04>15.10 and I am not experiencing any problem (as it was in old times, where thing got broken pretty badly)


system freezes shortly after sign-in on a newly installed 14.04 ubuntu desktop

hi thank you all for pointing me to a few places.

The shut downs were not unexpected, because I had to pull the power plug  many times as nothing seemed  to work, not the PC's power switch,  the keyboard or the mouse.

I did try the Alt-Sys Req, R,E,I,S,U,B route, it didn't do a thing for me, keyboard seemed to have locked, pulled the power cord again.

I also tried booting into recovery mode. what I saw on the monitor was 'Grub loading ...', then it went away and the monitor became blank. But I did find out Grub was on device /dev/sda1.

As to the fsck tool to check out the integrity of the file system, the procedure is way beyond my level of comprehension.

Soon as I bought up an application (such as Firefox web browser, or Ubuntu Application centre), seconds later the cursor /mouse/keyboard stopped working. But I did manage to get a terminal
session and completed sudo apt-get update. The terminal session seemed last a bit longer but eventually the same situation happened.

I also posted another question regarding a problem trying to install Lubuntu 15.04 on the same desktop PC, and I mentioned that I was running Ubuntu 12.04 before prior to trying to
upgrade it to either Ubuntu 14.04 or Lubuntu 15.04. Some bright idea!

Anything else I can try?


No internet connection on host when Ethernet is Bridge for Guest VM (Ubuntu 20.04)

You also have to bring up your bridge slave connection
sudo nmcli con up bridge-slave-enp0s31f6

and you might have to init IP address via DHCP, but that's rare
sudo dhclient


Extract out lines with "s__" into a new file together with first two lines of the file

awk 'NR<3 || /s__/' yourfile > newfile

or
sed -n -e '1,2p' -e '/s__/p' yourfile > newfile


How to install usbip vhci_hcd drivers on an AWS EC2 Ubuntu Kernel Version

So, I got an answer to this question from someone at AWS Support team. Hope this answer helps someone else in need.

You reached out to AWS Support, because you are looking to use usbip client on AWS EC2 instances, but found no required kernel modules (usbip-core, vhci-hcd) available on Ubuntu[18|20] AMIs. You would like our assistance to address this and find the way to have usbip working on AWS EC2 instances.

In my test environment in us-east-1 AWS Region, I launched test EC2 instances from the latest AMIs for Amazon Linux 2 (ami-0be2609ba883822ec), and  Ubuntu 20.04 (ami-0885b1f6bd170450c).
I found that Amazon Linux 2 has required drivers:
# uname -r
4.14.209-160.339.amzn2.x86_64
# modinfo vhci_hcd usbip_core | grep filename
filename:       /lib/modules/4.14.209-160.339.amzn2.x86_64/kernel/drivers/usb/usbip/vhci-hcd.ko
filename:       /lib/modules/4.14.209-160.339.amzn2.x86_64/kernel/drivers/usb/usbip/usbip-core.ko

But, I didn't find usbip userspace tools after enabled EPEL repository[1], and scanned for package which may have this binary:
# yum provides */usbip | grep bin

And proceeded with installation of it from a tarball I sourceforge[2]:
# yum install autoconf libtool libsysfs-devel glib*
# wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/usbip/usbip/0.1.7/usbip-0.1.7.tar.gz
# tar -xzf usbip-0.1.7.tar.gz
# cd usbip-0.1.7/src
# ./autogen.sh
# ./configure
# make install

By default it's installed in /usr/local/bin which can be added to PATH with profile:
# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin" > /etc/profile.d/path.sh && source /etc/profile.d/path.sh
# usbip --help

For Ubuntu 20.04, I found that the drivers are available in "linux-image-extra-virtual" and I have it installed with 5.4.0-58-generic kernel:
# uname -r
    5.4.0-1029-aws
# apt update
# apt install linux-image-extra-virtual
# find /usr/ -iname "vhci*"
/usr/lib/modules/5.4.0-58-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/usbip/vhci-hcd.ko
..
# find /usr/ -iname "usbip*"
/usr/lib/modules/5.4.0-58-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/usbip
/usr/lib/modules/5.4.0-58-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/usbip/usbip-core.ko
/usr/lib/modules/5.4.0-58-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/usbip/usbip-vudc.ko
/usr/lib/modules/5.4.0-58-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/usbip/usbip-host.ko
..

Added drivers to load on boot:
# echo "vhci_hcd" >> /etc/modules-load.d/modules.conf
# echo "usbip_core" >> /etc/modules-load.d/modules.conf

Then installed usbip:
# apt install linux-tools-5.4.0-58-generic

Then modified grub to boot with 5.4.0-58-generic instead of 5.4.0-1029-aws according to $menuentry_id_option in my /boot/grub/grub.cfg
# grep -A1000 submenu  /boot/grub/grub.cfg |grep menuentry
  submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-175c087c-0fe9-4d62-a38d-e5f8a66a5851' {
  ..
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-58-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-58-generic-advanced-175c087c-0fe9-4d62-a38d-e5f8a66a5851' {
  ..
vim /etc/default/grub
  #GRUB_DEFAULT=0
  GRUB_DEFAULT="gnulinux-advanced-175c087c-0fe9-4d62-a38d-e5f8a66a5851>gnulinux-5.4.0-58-generic-advanced-175c087c-0fe9-4d62-a38d-e5f8a66a5851"

Then updated grub, rebooted ec2 instance, and verified usbip and loaded modules:
# update-grub && reboot
# uname -r
5.4.0-58-generic
# lsmod | grep vhci
vhci_hcd               53248  0
usbip_core             36864  1 vhci_hcd

# usbip --help


I'm afraid your script is not very easy to understand. Your approach seems overly complicated for what it is trying to do and since you're not explaining what you think each part of your script does, it is not trivial to figure it out.

That said, your first issue (which would have been obvious had you included the error messages) is that you're using -eq for lexical comparison. You need = instead since you're matching strings, not numbers.

The next issue, which again would be obvious from the error messages is

/home/terdon/scripts/foo.sh: line 15: [: too many arguments
/home/terdon/scripts/foo.sh: line 21: [: too many arguments
/home/terdon/scripts/foo.sh: line 26: [: too many arguments

This is because the various ${uitdrukking:$x:$y} expand to strings containing spaces, not to a single character. This is probably because you are incrementing your various counter variables in many places so your $y will be >1 very quickly. I think (but, again, I can' be sure since your question doesn't actually explain what you think is going on) that you've misunderstood how the ${var:x:y} syntax works. It doesn't extract the substring of var from position x to position y. It extracts the substring of var starting from position x and y characters long.

The first rule to programming in any language is: when something goes wrong, print out all the variables. 9 times out of 10, the problem is that a variable doesn't have the value you think it has.

In any case, you have too many issues to debug here and it would be much simpler to require from scratch. For example, this script does what you want:

#!/bin/bash
mooi=$(echo "$*" | sed -e 's/ //g' | sed -e 's/+/ + /g' | sed -e 's/x/ x /g')
## I use fold to print one character at a time and then iterate
## over the resulting strings.
while read char; do
    case $char in
        ## If this is a |, increment the total number of |
        ## found and the current number (until the next operator).
        "|")
            ((pipeNum++))
            ((totPipes++))
            ;;
        ## If this is an operator
        [+x])
            ## Change x to * for bc
            char=$(echo "$char" | tr 'x' '*')
            ## Increment the operator count by 2 as requested.
            operators=$((operators + 2))
            ## Append the number of pipes so far and the
            ## current operator to the $string variable. This
            ## will hold the expression we'll give to bc.
            string="$string $pipeNum $char"
            ## reset the pipeNum to 0 for the next operation.
            pipeNum=0
            ;;
            ## Ignore all other cases.
            "*")
                continue
                ;;
    esac
done < <(fold -w 1 <<<"$*")
## Add the last set.
string="$string $pipeNum"
## Count the total
tandenstokers=$((totPipes + operators))
## Use bc to calculate
echo "$mooi = $(echo "$string" | bc) ($tandenstokers tandenstokers)"

To see it in action:

$ foo.sh '| | x | | | | + |'
|| x |||| + | = 9 (11 tandenstokers)
$ foo.sh \| \| x\|\| \| \|\+\|
|| x |||| + | = 9 (11 tandenstokers)


Dual boot Ubuntu with Win8 with only 1 HDD and 1 partition

The only way is to resize the partition where windows is installed if you have no other. This is the most usual case and I don't see why those people claim that you shouldn't resize it (and tbh I never saw any claim of this type).

(obs: but let the installer do it for you, do not do it before if you are not sure of how to do it. The installer does that easily and automatically)


Is there an easy way to limit user bandwidth usage?

tc is the correct answer to your configuration needs.
tc may seem complicated because it manages classfull (and less) queuing disciples which gives it unlimited flexibility and layers of shaping and filtering.
This however is not the case. As tc utilizes the built in (or modular) queuing disciples in the kernel it the simplest/best way of limiting bandwidth on a per user basis.
Here is a sample set-up, I left it in Mbit format but you can change the rate measure to kbps.

tc qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 1:0 htb
tc class add dev eth0 parent 1:0 classid 1:1 htb rate 1Mbit ceil 1Mbit prio 1

For you iptables rule just change --uid-owner to the uid of the user you wish to limit, documentation says you can use the users name instead of UID, have not tested that.

iptables -t mangle -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -p tcp -m owner --uid-owner 1000 -j CLASSIFY --set-class 1:1

FYI even though you do not need an HTB I would recommend it based on the available options and what speed you are limiting to.


I'd like to fully grasp Linux to make the most out of it

There are many websites that provide information on this, here's two that I initially found:

http://linuxsurvival.com/
http://psychocats.net/ubuntu/

If there is something specific you want to learn, just look it up. IE, want to know how to setup ssh on your system? Look up (Google) "How to setup SSH on Ubuntu". The first result is a really good resource:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SSH/OpenSSH/Configuring

Anything on help.ubuntu.com is going to be really useful for you. It may be documentation, which is difficult to read or boring, but it is full and indepth.

Its not that hard to find information on Ubuntu. Just look around, browse questions on here. If what they are talking about interests you, look up how to do it on Google, and you'll find good information on it.

With Ubuntu being open-source and so community-focused, it is really easy to find out how to do things, because chances are, someone else has already done it on their system.


Issue when attempting to install utorent 3.3

I just installed this on my system.  I recommend removing the link before you follow through the instructions here.  To remove the link from a terminal type in:

sudo rm /usr/bin/utserver

then follow through on this link.

How to install uTorrent v3.3 on 14.04

I do recommend on the last line of:

utserver -settingspath /opt/utorrent-server-alpha-v3_3/

to change that line to:

utserver -settingspath /opt/utorrent-server-alpha-v3_3/ &

so it runs in the background.  Also, you can add it to your start up applications, and put that exact same line as above ending in the & so it can run at start up.

When you open your Firefox or whatever browser you want to use, type in:

http://127.0.0.1:8080/gui

to access the utorrent application.


my notebook won't boot from USB as if no USB-stick is connected. What could be the problem?

Have you set correct boot order in BIOS?  USB boot must be higher priority than booting from HDD.  If so try another brand of USB key, I've had weird issues before now.  Also how are you prepping USB key?


Unity (and its window decorator) keeps crashing, especially when using maximised windows

Upgrade your system, maybe they fixed some of the bugs. Run 'sudo apt-get update' and then 'sudo apt-get upgrade' in your terminal or use the update manager. That should include a lot of bugfixes for your system and should make unity a bit more stable. That said, Unity is still very buggy and was quite unusable to me. I would suggest switching back to the default desktop until unity is stable enough to be used 24/7. If you cannot live without the dock, try Cairo Dock. You can choose to use the 'Ubuntu Classic' desktop from the login screen.


Yes, Ubuntu is capable of mounting NTFS (and FAT32) file-systems by default, so moving your assorted drives into a single machine then booting it from a live-usb will make them accessible.

I'd also advise you to look through the following links in detail as they should help you understand better what you are trying to do:

Understanding file systems
6 Ways the Linux File System is Different From the Windows File System
Linux: Mount a Windows file system from Linux


Do not answer to yourself, that is not the way how this website works, I am not very optimistc about the future of your topic... You should edit your first message to give more information if you have something to add. Saying so the answer is very simple: Your interface is not called wlan0 but wlx + mac of the device (check your image, you have the name right under your eyes, i am not gonna write it down for you, it is long and your image isn't correctly inserted) due to the "smart and simple" (irony) systemd "new" naming policy.


Ubuntu 18.04 Postfix. Email fails DNS lookup on the SMTP hosts

So I believe this is due to an interesting behavior postfix has where by default it puts itself into a chroot for greater security isolation. However, in doing so it copies the /etc/resolv.conf file into that chroot. So if that file changes on the host itself it'll fail to get updated within postfix, which means that if the DNS servers that you used to use are no longer accessible, then postfix will fail to look up DNS entries and therefore fail to send emails if it needs to relay emails on to a domain (or smtp.gmail.com in this case).

This only happens with certain configurations, and with the resolvconf package for instance this shouldn't happen as postfix will install hooks into resolvconf so that when it updates the DNS settings it reloads postfix too. To fix this you'll need to figure out what is updating your /etc/resolv.conf and make it go and restart postfix too.


If you will look in  /etc/passwd file (you can do this running cat /etc/passwd from Using The Terminal), you will see a list of the system's accounts, giving for each account some useful information, including in your case, me (Man) user account.
The /etc/passwd contains one entry per line for each user (or user account, including me) of the system. All fields are separated by a colon (:) symbol. Total seven fields as follows:

Username: It is used when user logs in. It should be between 1 and 32 characters in length (in your case this field should be me).
Password: An x character indicates that encrypted password is stored in /etc/shadow file.
User ID (UID): Each user must be assigned a user ID (UID). UID 0 (zero) is reserved for root and UIDs 1-99 are reserved for other predefined accounts. Further UID 100-999 are reserved by system for administrative and system accounts/groups.
Group ID (GID): The primary group ID (stored in /etc/group file)
User ID Info: The comment field. It allow you to add extra information about the users such as user's full name, phone number etc (in your case this field should be something like Man,,,).
Home directory: The absolute path to the directory the user will be in when they log in. If this directory does not exists then users directory becomes /
Command/shell: The absolute path of a command or shell (/bin/bash). Typically, this is a shell. Please note that it does not have to be a shell.

Source: Understanding /etc/passwd File Format.

Now, regarding the second question, to change the user ownership to user me for truecrypt-7.1a-linux-x64.tar.gz file, run the following command in terminal:
sudo chown me:me truecrypt-7.1a-linux-x64.tar.gz

See man chown and man chmod for more info.


I cannot launch Anaconda after I had to hard shut-down my PC. I use anaconda-navigator in terminal to launch

This worked

conda install anaconda-clean

anaconda-clean --yes

Thanks to everyone on Stack Exchange. Couldn't have fixed this without your help.


It is possible that your partition table was corrupted but your partitions are still there.

There is a tool available in the Ubuntu LiveCD called gpart that can recover your partition table.

http://www.brzitwa.de/mb/gpart/index.html

Load the Live CD, install it (sudo apt-get install gpart) and then run gpart.


VOYO Mini PC does not boot from Ubuntu Bootable USB

I have Ubuntu 17.04 running but had to jump through a few hoops.  The problem seems to be with Grub.  Creating a uefi boot partion booting syslinux and a root partition with the skeleton image included in the Ubuntu ISO by way of a little dd if= magic made a fully functional system that I am using to write this comment.


how can I add a command in terminal to open a file

What you want to do is probably this:

mkdir ~/.local/bin

This will create the directory .local/bin inside your home, which is sightly better than just bin (although bin is OK, too).
Add to your .bashrc the line PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin"
Create the file ~/.local/bin/logisim and write something like this:

#!/bin/sh
java -jar $HOME/full/path/to/logisim.2.7.1.jar

Note: the file is called logisim, without the .txt extension. Also note that you need to specify the full path to the jar file.
chmod +x ~/.local/bin/logisim

Now you can restart your shell and enjoy.


I had the same problem. I fixed it by going into Light Locker Settings (not sure what it's called: I'm in Windows) and resetting the lockscreen option (turning it off then on again).


Resolution drops upon wake from suspend - 14.04

Can you clarify that following questions:

Did you have installed the NVIDIA card after installing Ubuntu, e.g This card was not present when you were installing Ubuntu?
Did you have removed or disabled and then re-installed the card after installing Ubuntu?


The link mentioned by muru in you other question is the best to start with:
https://developer.ubuntu.com/en/publish/other-forms-of-submitting-apps/
Packaging commercial software is almost the same as free software. Just few differences like you are going to publish binary deb package only (no source, no public ppa). So the Debian package building almost the same (If you are going to build it locally)

If you use pbuilder or any other build helper, it will run by default a QA tool called lintian. Check the log very well and you gonna see some messages from it.

As you can always rerun it against the final binary deb, here an example run on teamviewer:

$ lintian Downloads/teamviewer_10.0.41499_amd64.deb
W: teamviewer: hardening-no-relro opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/RTlib/libQtCore.so.4
W: teamviewer: hardening-no-relro opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/RTlib/libQtGui.so.4
E: teamviewer: embedded-library opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/RTlib/libQtNetwork.so.4: openssl
W: teamviewer: hardening-no-relro opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/RTlib/libQtNetwork.so.4
E: teamviewer: embedded-library opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/RTlib/libQtWebKit.so.4: sqlite
W: teamviewer: hardening-no-relro ... use --no-tag-display-limit to see all (or pipe to a file/program)
E: teamviewer: embedded-library opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/TVGuiDelegate: libjsoncpp
E: teamviewer: embedded-library ... use --no-tag-display-limit to see all (or pipe to a file/program)
E: teamviewer: statically-linked-binary opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/wine/bin/wine-preloader
E: teamviewer: changelog-file-missing-in-native-package
E: teamviewer: no-copyright-file
E: teamviewer: description-starts-with-package-name
W: teamviewer: extended-description-line-too-long
W: teamviewer: extended-description-line-too-long
W: teamviewer: unknown-section non-free/internet
E: teamviewer: dir-or-file-in-opt opt/teamviewer/
E: teamviewer: dir-or-file-in-opt opt/teamviewer/config/
E: teamviewer: dir-or-file-in-opt opt/teamviewer/doc/
E: teamviewer: dir-or-file-in-opt ... use --no-tag-display-limit to see all (or pipe to a file/program)
W: teamviewer: extra-license-file opt/teamviewer/doc/License.txt
W: teamviewer: extra-license-file opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/wine/COPYING.LIB
W: teamviewer: extra-license-file opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/wine/LICENSE
W: teamviewer: extra-license-file ... use --no-tag-display-limit to see all (or pipe to a file/program)
W: teamviewer: duplicate-font-file opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/wine/share/wine/fonts/marlett.ttf also in fonts-wine-development
W: teamviewer: duplicate-font-file opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/wine/share/wine/fonts/symbol.ttf also in fonts-wine-development
W: teamviewer: duplicate-font-file opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/wine/share/wine/fonts/tahoma.ttf also in fonts-wine-development
W: teamviewer: duplicate-font-file ... use --no-tag-display-limit to see all (or pipe to a file/program)
W: teamviewer: file-in-unusual-dir var/log/teamviewer
W: teamviewer: binary-without-manpage usr/bin/teamviewer
E: teamviewer: maintainer-script-does-not-check-for-existence-of-updatemenus postrm:22
W: teamviewer: postrm-has-useless-call-to-update-menus
W: teamviewer: script-not-executable opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/script/tvw_aux
W: teamviewer: script-not-executable opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/script/tvw_config
W: teamviewer: script-not-executable opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/script/tvw_daemon
W: teamviewer: script-not-executable ... use --no-tag-display-limit to see all (or pipe to a file/program)
W: teamviewer: executable-not-elf-or-script opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/RTlib/doc/Qt4/TeamViewerNote.txt
W: teamviewer: executable-not-elf-or-script opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/RTlib/doc/Qt4/WEBKIT-LICENSE.LGPL
W: teamviewer: maintainer-script-ignores-errors postinst
W: teamviewer: maintainer-script-ignores-errors postrm
W: teamviewer: maintainer-script-ignores-errors preinst
W: teamviewer: maintainer-script-ignores-errors ... use --no-tag-display-limit to see all (or pipe to a file/program)
E: teamviewer: shlib-with-non-pic-code opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/RTlib/libQtNetwork.so.4
E: teamviewer: shlib-with-executable-bit opt/teamviewer/tv_bin/wine/lib/libwine.so.1.0 0755


Try putting the variable definition in .profile instead of .bashrc. The latter has a statement near the top that causes it to exit very early when executed by a non-interactive shell. Log out and back in to see whether it works.

Also don't forget to add export like this:

export TMPDIR="$HOME/tmp"

If that doesn't work, modify the launcher (it's in /usr/share/applications) so that its Exec line says:

Exec=sh -c 'TMPDIR="$HOME/tmp" emacs'


Transmission daemon re-writes the configuration file with the old options when it exits. To make your changes persist, you need to edit the configuration file without the deamon running. So first:

sudo stop transmission-daemon

Or if you did not install it via Software Center / Official repositories:

sudo killall -HUP transmission-da

Afterwards you can edit settings.json as you would expect and then restart transmission:

sudo start transmission-daemon


Why can't I find the terminal or the software center anywhere?

The purple terminal is gnome-terminal, you can call it from xterm. If it was uninstalled for whatever reason, install it again from within xterm:

sudo apt-get install gnome-terminal

For the Software Center (package software-center) do the same:

sudo apt-get install software-center


Integrate autoinstall config into Ubuntu server ISO

Eventually I used Cubic and added user-data and meta-data files to /cdrom/preseed/ directory. Then in Boot tab I had to edit /isolinux/txt.cfg file to include autoinstall parameter and point to the proper directory.
Here, in bold is what I had to add:
append boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet autoinstall ds=nocloud-net;s=/cdrom/preseed/ ---


Repository does not have a release file error appears constantly

I set my line in /etc/apt/sources.list

andrew@big-red-wired:~$ grep wine /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ artful main
# deb-src https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ bionic main
andrew@big-red-wired:~$

Things work just fine.

HTH,
Andrew.


Here's my analysis and suggestions based on what's going on.

It looks like you have two Windows partitions-a recovery partition,
and main one. Both are on /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2. They are NTFS.
You have two Linux partitions-swap and ext4. This is also normal.
The only difference between your fstab and mine is the presence of /proc/.

I have not seen /proc/ mounted like this-normally, it is a system directory. This is a remnant of old Linux systems, as far as I can tell. (See this post)

Apparently, you can access your home folder as root. Does ls /home/samaras/ work, and return anything of interest? If so, I would try using another file manager as @muru suggested.
I would also run gparted and see if there are any anomolies.

Finally, here's another suggestion. Type the following commands:

sudo cp /etc/fstab /home/samaras/fstabold
sudo nano /etc/fstab

Remove the line saying, "proc      /proc      proc    nodev,noexec,nosuid 0       0", and reboot. This may fix the problem. (I'm thinking this is causing an issue with mounting on boot, because your other post mentioned it)

For comparison, here is my fstab:

UUID=8a7f7d0a-1e4f-47a7-ba64-624050258367 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=7d3b3839-c037-44fb-90ea-a2f34017373a none         swap    sw              0       0


How can I start app in \\SERVER and it initialized in C:\Windows\Temp with WineHQ?

Good afternoon.
I find the solution. Here:
wine start "D:\\SRV_Shop\\programa\\shop.exe" -wo "c:\\windows\\temp"

D: is an mounted windows shared folder in Wine; and
-wo is a windows command prompt to start shop.exe in  c:\windows\temp.

HOWEVER, my friends... it can't start normally. shop.exe can't found database alias although that BDE application it'a started. It's BDE the application responsible for provide connection with BDE.
Someone can help?


What's a text editor for Linux that can compile and run without the use of Terminal?

Netbeans works well.  You can install it easily by going to the website, or

sudo apt-get install netbeans

You can also use Eclipse by either downloading it from the site, or using the repos.

sudo apt-get install eclipse

They are both open source as well.


To see the most MACHO man page ever created use man man which will show you the man help for men!

To see all the man pages available in Ubuntu use man -k .
NOTE - man -k * will also work but man -k . is not the same as man -k * They both show all manuals BUT * will show some additional things or nothing depending if you run * inside an empty directory or inside one that has at least 1 file.

-k is equal to apropos which searches for all manual pages and their description. the DOT symbol is for ALL in this case. It is the same as apropos .


No Java command after installing Java 8, removing Java 11, despite no err msgs after installation

That first block of code looks fishy to me -- there should have been no reason to go to that level.

You shouldn't need the JDK unless you are doing development

$ sudo apt-get purge openjdk-8-jdk

I would go ahead and leave the v11 JRE (you can have as many as you want) and reinstall both:

$ sudo apt-get reinstall openjdk-11-jre
$ sudo apt-get reinstall openjdk-8-jre

As long as there are no errors you should then be able to update-alternatives --config java


will using xubuntu decrease my power usage?

Yes, but not on that scale.

To change your kernel to something that will increase your batter life, you need to use the kernel that is in the Proposed updates repository. For more on how to enable that, look here.


Software for free netcafe (so computer tracking software)

For billing/timing, you might want to look at Cafepilot. It is free an open source software. It's currently aimed at people paying for their usage but you could give people tickets to use it (CP would think they're worth money but you'd just give them out for free).

For monitoring, remote-controlling and updating, check out Canonical's Landscape tool. It's currently quite expensive but might justify itself... You're always free to haggle with Canonical because your situation is somewhat different from the standard enterprise "seat" concept.

Otherwise you can loop together tools like Munin or Cacti with Puppet. Puppet is free and is in the repositories but you probably want to look at the documentation on their main site. Note there is also a paid-for "Enterprise" version of Puppet that has a slightly augmented feature set.


Download Latest Version Air 2.6.0 For Linux to your Desktop:

http://airdownload.adobe.com/air/lin/download/2.6/AdobeAIRInstaller.bin - 15.4Mb or find runtime files in Archived Adobe AIR SDK versions

Ctrl+Alt+T to open terminal
sudo apt-get install ia32-libs  - (32bit rubbish if you want to run this in x64 Ubuntu; if you have trouble, see "Depends: ia32-libs-multiarch but it is not installable" - Solution)
cd Desktop (change dir. to Desktop dir.)
chmod +x AdobeAIRInstaller.bin (change mode - execute permission yes)
./AdobeAIRInstaller.bin
(after you accept the Adobe Air license, it will prompt you for your password; it needs root access in order to install)

Maybe you'll get an error after the last command?

  Sorry, an error has occurred. Adobe AIR could not be installed. Install either Gnome Keyring or KDE KWallet before installing Adobe AIR.

This can be fixed:

In a terminal (default shortcut: Ctrl+Alt+T), type:

locate libgnome-keyring.so

This is my result (yours might be different):

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnome-keyring.so.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnome-keyring.so.0.2.0

As suggested below by @jmendeth, the easiest way to tell the installer where to find these files is to use LD_LIBRARY_PATH:

For 32-bit Ubuntu (tested on 12.04):

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu ./AdobeAIRInstaller.bin

For 64-bit Ubuntu, the command line would probably be:

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu ./AdobeAIRInstaller.bin

If the LD_LIBRARY_PATH trick doesn't work, you can try this:

Create a symbolic link to your location strings that you found with the previous commands:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnome-keyring.so.0 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnome-keyring.so.0.2.0 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0.2.0

Use following commands for 32-bit systems:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgnome-keyring.so.0 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgnome-keyring.so.0.2.0 /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0.2.0

Then repeat step 4 & 6 (skip 5, as the permission to execute the file hasn't changed).
Remove symbolic links after installation of Adobe AIR 2.6.0:

sudo rm /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0
sudo rm /usr/lib/libgnome-keyring.so.0.2.0

Reference:

Archived Adobe AIR SDK versions - https://helpx.adobe.com/air/kb/archived-air-sdk-version.html
Install 32-bit Adobe AIR for desktop Linux - https://helpx.adobe.com/air/kb/install-32-bit-air-linux.html
Install Adobe AIR 2 for 64-bit Linux systems - https://helpx.adobe.com/air/kb/install-air-2-64-bit.html
www.clarifylinux.org/2012/04/ubuntu-1204-tweak-and-hack-round-up.html


How to stop Gedit, Gvim, Vim, Nano from adding End-of-File newline char?

For gEdit  there does not seem to be a way to disable having a newline inserted at the end see this answer.

For Vim  (and gVim ) you can - by executing the following option: :set binary. Setting to binary will save the file as is and not insert a newline at the end of the document (Unless there already is one, in which it will be retained). At anytime you can revert this option with :set nobinary.

Nano  is a little easier. You can launch nano with the -L flag (or --nonewlines if you're more the visual type). This will disable the automatic addition of the newline to the end of the file (so long as one was not actually entered). Ideally you could setup this alias in your ~/.bashrc: alias nano="nano -L", which would launch Nano with the no newlines flag included in it!

Since I don't know exactly what you're doing I'm going to point you to Why should files end with a newline? which may explain why they're there. In short some applications will fail if they don't find an EOL directly before the EOF


First command is worth to run:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

Then step by step:

sudo apt autoclean
sudo apt clean
sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf
sudo apt update


As I remember the tethering features of 2.3 are a little weak. Back then I made it work using EasyTether.


You can check which package provides the file like this:

dpkg -S mpicc.openmpi

which indicates it is in the openmpi-bin package. Then reinstall that package like this:

sudo apt reinstall openmpi-bin

After that, the file should be there again.

EDIT: forgot to add that this was for Ubuntu 19.04 -- the package name could be different for other Ubuntu versions.


Grub can't boot Windows on my usb hard drive, but on another machine with another Windows installation, I can add Windows and it will boot fine

As I read your Boot Repair output, you have three OSes installed:

Windows in BIOS mode on /dev/sda -- This installation is on your internal disk.
Windows in EFI mode on /dev/sdg -- This installation is on your external disk.
Ubuntu in EFI mode on /dev/sdg -- This installation is on your external disk, and includes an EFI-mode GRUB on the same disk.

You should first understand that GRUB cannot redirect across boot modes. Thus, the EFI-mode GRUB on your external disk will not boot to your internal-disk Windows. It doesn't sound like you're trying to do this, though; it sounds like you want to boot the Windows on your external disk from the EFI-mode GRUB on the external disk. This should work, but for some reason, OS-prober has not detected the Windows on the external disk. There are several possible solutions to this problem, including:

Create a custom GRUB configuration -- You can edit the /etc/grub.d/40_custom file, as described in jarondl's answer to this question,, then run sudo update-grub, to create the necessary entry.
Use GRUB Customizer -- The GRUB Customizer tool makes it easier to make customizations like the preceding one. That said, I've never used it and I'm not sure it would really help much, compared to editing 40_custom directly, in your specific case.
Use Boot Repair -- The Boot Repair tool can sometimes correct boot problems like yours. That said, I can't promise it would really help much, if at all.
Install rEFInd -- My rEFInd boot manager sometimes does a better job of detecting and/or launching Windows than GRUB does. Thus, installing it may help. Note, however, that if Secure Boot is enabled, you'll have to jump through some extra hoops. With appropriate options settings, rEFInd can redirect the boot process from EFI to BIOS, so rEFInd would enable you to boot either of your Windows installations.
Disable Hibernate and Fast Startup -- These two Windows features are often the root cause or problems like what you're seeing. If you can boot into Windows, even temporarily, you should disable them, as described here and here, respectively. If you keep using GRUB, you'll need to run sudo update-grub after you disable these features before you'll see any benefit.

The first three options carry an increasing risk of creating new problems; mucking with GRUB's configuration files is not entirely risk-free. rEFInd could also mess things up, but you can try it on a USB flash drive or CD-R first to minimize the risk. The final option is distinct from the others, in that it addresses one possible root cause of the problem rather than try to work around it.

Overall, my recommendation is to try disabling Hibernate and Fast Startup in Windows first. If you can't find any other way to boot it, try using rEFInd on a USB flash drive or CD-R. (You may need to temporarily disable Secure Boot to get this to work.) If, after you do this and run sudo update-grub, you still can't boot Windows from GRUB, you can try either installing rEFInd to your hard disk or try whichever of the GRUB repairs appeals to you.

Note also that EFI-mode booting works differently for disks that are permanently associated with a computer (such as internal disks and external disks that are permanently attached to a computer) and for temporary disks (external disks that you move around, such as OS installer disks). In this answer, I've assumed that your external disk, although external, is more-or-less permanently plugged into your computer. If you're moving your external disk around and expect it to boot on any computer, you'll probably need to adjust the boot loader filenames on the ESP. See my answer to this question for details.


SSH works in Windows Virtual Machine, but not on native Ubuntu machine

The answer was right in front of me the entire time! These lines here:

/bin/sh: 1: /etc/vpnc/vpnc-script: not found <-- realized it here
Script '/etc/vpnc/vpnc-script' returned error 127
/bin/sh: 1: /etc/vpnc/vpnc-script: not found
Script '/etc/vpnc/vpnc-script' returned error 127

I ran "locate vpnc-script" and I discovered that for some reason it was in /usr/share/vpnc/ when I installed it. So, I did a mkdir /etc/vpnc and then moved everything inside /usr/share/vpnc over to there, changed proper permissions, and voila! It works! I ssh'd into the server and it connected immediately! This will make things so much easier because I was sick of using my virtual machine.


Ok, i solved it.

Few days ago I've created custom shortcut for another keycode and it worked as supposed, but after restart it reapplied for wrong key for some reason. Deleting the shortcut resolves the problem.


What stats are listed at the bottom of a default byobu session?

From the (online) man page

STATUS NOTIFICATIONS

       byobu supports a number of unique and interesting status  notifications
       across  the  lowest  two lines in the screen.  Each status notification
       item  is  independently  configurable,  enabled  and  disabled  by  the
       configuration utility.  The guide below helps identify each status item
       (in alphabetical order):

...

updates_available - the number of  updates  available  on  the  system;
       displayed  in  the  lower  bar  toward the right in white text on a red
       background with  a  trailing  '!'  sign;  if  any  updates  are  marked
       'security  updates',  then  there  will  be  a  total  of  two trailing
       exclamation points, '!!'


How do I permanently change owner and group of a system device?

The probably simplest and best way to fix the problem is adding your user to disk group.

sudo adduser %user disk

Then logoff and login back, you should able to interact with hard drive from Virtualbox.


You will probably find that the re-installation of windows has wiped GRUB, you will need to reinstall GRUB in order to boot into Ubuntu.

There is a guide here showing how this can be achieved, your first port of call should probably be the section entitled Boot repair after a Windows Upgrade on Ubuntu 14.04 (non-RAID)

If you want to back up your files or get at them urgently you could always access them directly from the live media, either set up live media with write space and save them there, or you should be able to move them back to your windows partition before attempting to restore GRUB.

EDIT : I have pasted the relevant section below

Boot repair after a Windows Upgrade on Ubuntu 14.04 (non-RAID)

Boot repair may be required when updating Windows (e.g. Windows 8 to Windows 8.1). This will be required for example if the computer has been configured such that Windows/Ubuntu is selected by entering the bios and changing the boot mode between "secure boot"/UEFI and CMS respectively. To manually repair grub (http://howtoubuntu.org/how-to-repair-restore-reinstall-grub-2-with-a-ubuntu-live-cd / How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?) );

Insert Ubuntu installation media (e.g. Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 64 bit DVD)
Ensure the bios boot order is set to read the media first (consult your motherboard/computer manual) and restart the computer
Select Ubuntu Live/Try mode (do not install)
Click on the purple Ubuntu search button - enter "gparted" and click on its icon
Determine the name of your linux partition (/dev/sdXY) - you should be able to identify it by recognising its format (most likely ext4) and size (number of GB)
Click on purple Ubuntu search button - enter "gnome-terminal" and click on its icon
sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt [where sdXY has previously been identified using gparted]
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
sudo chroot /mnt
sudo grub-install /dev/sdX [note this is sdX not sdXY!]
update-grub
exit
restart PC and remove Ubuntu installation media

If you would like the code explained or you have installed Ubuntu in EFI mode (if you aren't sure about EFI see here) see the top answer here How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?)


xubuntu 18.04 system freeze screen off or lid closed

*Edit 2: Problems kept getting progressively worse until I had the laptop serviced and they replaced the motherboard. Now the problems have completely gone away. So this was definitely a hardware problem.

*Edit: My system started freezing again even after the kernel updates and changing to the i915 driver. I also tried fedora since it uses a purer kernel, and had freezes in it as well. Not ideal, but I've disabled my screen timeouts, and now I never get freezes any more.

As noted in changes to my question, the freezes appear to be temporary, they just last a very long time and till now I never waited long enough. It also seems to be happening below the kernel level, maybe in BIOS/firmware.


Messed install up with dpkg --configure -a

Run the following and see:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-input-all

If this doesnt successfull, then run:

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-input-all && sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-input-all


How to play encrypted dvds on ubuntu 12.04

NB: This software may be illegal in your jurisdiction due to intellectual property laws. Use at your own risk.

The script was trying to pull a package from the Medibuntu Project, which has been discontinued.

You can try installing libdvdcss from Videolan's website instead.


It's possible the Ubuntu installer didn't recognize Windows or didn't include Windows because it wasn't on that drive. Try running sudo grub-probe, marking down what it said, and trying a reboot.


Where does Remmina store the encrypted password?

In Ubuntu 20.04, under Gnome, Remmina stores it's passwords in the GnuPG Keyring app.

From there you can retrieve them as clear text.


Apache redirect web to other host on network

Could have sworn I used this before, but
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^/?$ https://192.168.0.119/ [P]
 does the trick just fine.
Also, for anyone wanting to so HTTPS -> HTTPS proxies, you'll need to put the proxies in default-ssl.conf or other appropriately configured host file.


"deinstall" packages remain after upgrade

By default apt-get remove command doesn't purge anything related to the package. This eventually means that a log of configuration files are left scattered around the place with no corresponding packages.

So, you'll have to remove the package and the configuration files. Currently there are 2 ways to do this:

To remove single package, use below command.

sudo apt-get --purge remove <package_name>

To remove ALL package with deinstalled status, use below command.

sudo dpkg --purge `dpkg --get-selections | grep deinstall | cut -f1`

If you want to check what deinstalled packages that gonna be removed, run below command:

dpkg --get-selections | grep deinstall | cut -f1


Fractional Scaling does not work properly ubuntu 20.04

This is a bug with Ubuntu 20.04 + the latest nvidia drivers (435 proprietary and 440 proprietary, tested as far as I'm aware). Check out the launchpad thread. I'm having the same issue with 20.04 + nvidia-driver-440 (GeForce RTX 2080).


Microsoft Office 2007 in Wine will not check Spelling & Grammar in Portuguese

I used Open office for this answer. I believe Libra Office is not that much different in regards to how language functionality works.

Open the tools menu in office navigate to options

Select Language settings
then Languages

Here you can see select which language you want to set as the defautl language for you documents. Notice the ABC with the blue tick that idicates a language with spell checking capabilities.

If your language comes up with out the ABC blue tick spell check support you will need to install the additional language packs.

  $ sudo apt-get install "(myspell|libreoffice).*-pt-br$"

That should install all the language packs for libreoffice that you need. As well as the spell checker which is myspell.
If you want to check what will be installed as a -s to apt-get to check. -s will just show you what would have been done with out actually doing any thing.

  $ apt-get -s install "(myspell|libreoffice).*-pt-br$"

As for micro-soft office it also needs to have the additional language packs installed.

In ms-office 2007 you need do the following

Click the office button (the wheel thing in the top left corner)
Click the Word options button on the bottom right of the menu.
Select the popular options on the left.
then click the language settings button near the bottom of the screen on the left pane.
Select your language in the right pane under "Avalible editing languages"
click the add button in the middle to add it to the "Enabled editing languages"
Then select it as the "Primary editing language" from the drop down bellow.
Office 2007 will now use that as your language
You may need to install additional languages as part of your office installation process. As it defaults to English.

.


Lubuntu the 'grub-efi-amd64-signed' package failed to install into / target/. without the grub bootloader the installed system will not boot

If the system boots OS X, the simplest solution may be to boot it and install my rEFInd boot manager. With rEFInd installed, you won't need GRUB; and because of the history of Mac booting and higher expectations of GUI tools, many Mac users prefer using rEFInd to GRUB anyway. If you're single-booting Ubuntu, you could do something similar by using a rEFInd USB drive or CD-R image to boot to Ubuntu once, then install the PPA or Debian package.

That said, I've seen a recent uptick in reports like yours. There are also quite a few bug reports about this issue on Launchpad, but most of them have been marked as "invalid" because they're caused by things like damaged ESPs or other configuration problems. There may be an underlying bug that's at the root of the recent uptick in problems, though, and checking more Launchpad bugs than I did (I reviewed just the first few in the Google search) might uncover the root cause.

If you really want to uncover the root cause of your problem, or if you can't get rEFInd to install, then please run the Boot Info Script. This will generate a file called RESULTS.txt. Post that file to a pastebin site and post the URL to your document here. This will give us more details about your configuration.


As described in the official Kwin documentation, a good way to go would be to try this either on a running terminal application or on a virtual console (i.e.: Ctrl+Alt+F1), :

DISPLAY=:0 kwin --replace


What will be the sudo -i password when I only used ssh file to login?

You should type the password of the user you are logging as. It doesn't matter that you did login using the ssh key. When you created that user account you probably set some password for it (or, if you didn't, you should do this now). You must use that password for sudo.
Or, you can add the following line to the /etc/sudoers file (it's best to edit this file using the visudo command which guarantees that the system will properly apply changes):
youruser     ALL = NOPASSWD: ALL
where youruser is the username you use to login. This allows youruser to use sudo without typing any password.


How to recognize backlit of an Asus UX31E keyboard?

After searching I have found a definitive answer on the ASUS support FAQ's.

http://www.asus.com/support/FAQ/1003856

  No, unfortunately, the UX31E models do not support backlit keyboards.


Laptop heatup and auto-shutdown. Any perm damage?

Can overheating cause lasting damage: yes.

Why is it over temperature: I have a sneaking suspicion that it's using a vesa driver and offloading a lot of the graphics processing to the CPU.  I had that issue for a short period when I was having a video driver permissions issue.  It seemed to be working, but it had in fact failed back to vesa.

Intel video drivers not loading for various cards are all over askubuntu right now.  Your card specifically was noted to have the same behavior on Fedora on this forum.

If you check and it is using the vesa driver, then it's an intel driver bug/unsupported report.


Permission denied when creating new directories, downloading and copying files. How do I give permissions to these trivial tasks?

This often happens on a multi-user computer. On installing fresh OS, UID of all users change if not added in the same order as previous. You can verify this by
cd /home
ls -lh

drwxr-xr-x 68 1002  1002   4.0K Aug 18 23:10 username

Note the old UID, 1002 in this case
Now check your existing UID
id

uid=1000(username) gid=1000(username) ...

New UID is 1000. If the two UIDs differ run this command.
cd /home
sudo chown -R username:username username

UIDs increment with each addition of new user.


Run Private Browsing Mode and Normal Session simultaneously in Firefox

No, the way Private Browsing works by default is that it closes all tabs, saves them & switches to Private Browsing mode. An alternative would be to create a new profile & launch Firefox with that profile and switch to private browsing mode in that profile. That way, you can have both windows.

There used to an add-on which made both normal & private browsing possible, but this addon has been disabled now.

FWIW There's a bug report on this, you can follow it if you like.


Did u convert the .rpm package to .deb via alien? on ubuntu and debian its the failsafe way to resolve all dependancies, If installing as rpm some dependencies have no valid candidate.

sudo apt install alien
sudo alien -ci android-x86-8.1-r2.i686.rpm


If you run ifconfig -a or ip link show you should be seeing something like tunX below which is a tun device used by most route-based VPN:

# tun device
# used by route-based VPN

    tun0      Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
              inet addr:  P-t-P:  Mask:
              UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1300  Metric:1
              RX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
              RX bytes:1435 (1.4 KB)  TX bytes:1677 (1.6 KB)

# Jan 2020 refresh
# sample ifconfig output with 3 virtual interfaces
# for route-based VPN or overlay network

nebula1: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST>  mtu 1300
        inet 172.16.87.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  destination 172.16.87.100
        inet6 fe80::b2c4:4360:a3ae:15aa  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00  txqueuelen 500  (UNSPEC)
        RX packets 37  bytes 2980 (2.9 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 331  bytes 17408 (17.4 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

tun0: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.16.200.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  destination 172.16.200.1
        inet6 fe80::9d2e:5979:5ac2:43df  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00  txqueuelen 100  (UNSPEC)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1677  bytes 80496 (80.4 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

wg0: flags=209<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP>  mtu 1420
        inet 172.16.111.100  netmask 255.255.255.0  destination 172.16.111.100
        unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00  txqueuelen 1000  (UNSPEC)
        RX packets 37337578  bytes 10884991930 (10.8 GB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 67878  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 60202096  bytes 66040772964 (66.0 GB)
        TX errors 169  dropped 44429 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ip link output

5: wg0: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1420 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/none
6: tun0: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 100
    link/none
11: nebula1: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1300 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 500
    link/none

Or if you are using IPsec (e.g. strongSwan), ifconfig -a will show a tunnel device (tunX) like below if you are using Route-based mode (default is policy-based):

tun0      Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
          inet addr:192.168.11.2  P-t-P:192.168.11.2  Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

If strongSwan is running policy-based routing (default), you'll be able to figure out by manipulating the kernel routing table or looking at ip-xfrm IP framework for transforming packets (encrypting payloads).

# manipulate kernel routing table for more info

ip r
route -nr

ip r show table main
ip r show table local

# strongswan specific table id 220
ip r show table 220

In addition, you can use ip tuntap show to see if there are tun/tap devices to determine if VPN is in use.

    ip tuntap show
    tun0: tun


This may not be an error and it may mean that you have already run make once.

Try either:

make install

or

make clean
make all
make install

The first one will put the build files in the directory you specified in the
./configure --prefix=' '. The second removes .o files and runs a fresh make and make install.

Short explanation: The compiler looks for object files (*.o) in the directory (and subdirs HTKTools and HLMTools). If these are up-to-date with their dependencies (i.e. their *.c files have not changed) then make skips building rules and the call has no effect. See also: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8561640/make-nothing-to-be-done-for-all


I've solved the problem. During the installation I had to add the nomodeset kernel parameter. Removing this parameter from /etc/default/grub and running update-grub solved the issue. Now the correct driver is being loaded.


Is it possible to install Ubuntu on a PC which shows 'disk repair' while on Windows 8 without losing data?

One thing you need to do will allow you to do this without difficulty:

Create a backup of your personal data.

As always: We all know it is easy to remove a file you did not want to remove. Or about virusses and crypolockers. So you already got one.
When you have a backup and are sure you can restore the backup you can do with your system what you want and put the files back onto the system.

If you do not ... try with a Live ubuntu session. If you can backup from there you are save to go too.

Mind that it is not a good idea to use NTFS when you do not have a Windows operating system. Fixing issues with NTFS formatted disks is best done on Windows. Yes, we have tools but those never will have 100% guarantee to work perfectly.

  but recently it shows disk repair on start, and it goes on for ever.

The 1st means your disk is failing. The 2nd is highly dependent on your system but it always takes long.

The 1st also means you might have trouble installing Ubuntu: hardware problems don't go away by installing another operating system.

Installing Ubuntu on a system that is fully used by Windows WILL delete C:, D: and any other driveletter unless you manually tell it not to remove a partition. You can keep D: (E: etc) but be really careful not to mark that partition for formatting. There is no way back if you do.


Which mirror to select for iinet freezone usage

You can add the link manually. To do this open a terminal and run the following command:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Now, comment out the entries by placing # in front of the lines. Add the following lines (do not put # in-front of this line!):

deb http://ftp.iinet.net.au/pub/ubuntu/ <YOUR_UBUNTU_VERSION_HERE> main

Replace <YOUR_UBUNTU_VERSION_HERE> with the one you are using. e.g.: if you are using 14.04, put trusty there.

Now, press Ctrl + X , type Y to confirm and press Enter

Run sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade


See xscreensaver and empathy presence notification for instructions on how to get the screensaver to notify empathy that the screen has been locked. The source of the problem is that the screensaver program is not a gtk+ program, therefore cannot notify applications directly.


How can I set up bootchart in Ubuntu 15.10?

You don't need to do that any more in 15.10 or any other Ubuntu release booting with systemd. It automatically records the necessary information on every boot and allows you to analyse it with the command

systemd-analyze

The argument to get a graphical bootchart as SVG image is:

systemd-analyze plot > filename.svg

But it has also other useful commands. You see a list of possible arguments by entering systemd-analyze and pressing Tab twice using the Bash autocompletion, or old-style by opening the manual page with man systemd-analyze or showing the help with systemd-analyze --help.
Here's a list of the commands. Default is time, if you don't specify any other:

Commands:
  time                    Print time spent in the kernel
  blame                   Print list of running units ordered by time to init
  critical-chain          Print a tree of the time critical chain of units
  plot                    Output SVG graphic showing service initialization
  dot                     Output dependency graph in dot(1) format
  set-log-level LEVEL     Set logging threshold for systemd
  dump                    Output state serialization of service manager
  verify FILE...          Check unit files for correctness


How do I install bind9 with dlz dlopen drivers included?

I think this forum post has a tutorial to do what you are attempting.


where is application/others in ubuntu 13.04?

Nowadays you use the dash to find the application so hit the windows key and start typing xampp-control-panel and somewhere around character 3 or 4 it should show you the program you need to start.

As a fallback you can use the command line. Your desktop file tells you this:

Exec=gksudo python /opt/lampp/share/xampp-control-panel/xampp-control-panel.py

So you can do ...

gksudo python /opt/lampp/share/xampp-control-panel/xampp-control-panel.py

on command line and get it to activate.

Besides that: if you start the xampp control panel it will also add an icon to the Unity Launcher. That negates most of the guide you are using (that guide is from 2010 so not really suited for a 2013 release).


You just need to install libmysqlclient-dev

sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev


How to make desktop launcher execute as program through code in MonoDevelop

ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo("chmod", "755 " + app);
Process.Start(psi);


Libre Office Calc - small sheet toolbar?

Here is a solution without changing your theme :

gksu gedit /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc

Find this line : GtkScrollbar::sider-width

Change it to the number you want , i change it to 25 .

Here my sheet font size :


group disappeared from user's group list

After deep investigation of logs I've found the problem:

I've installed dokku plugin for letsencrypt and installation process removed my user from dokku group. I was able to replicated this on my other server and here is what happens:

> groups myuser
myuser sudo docker dokku

> sudo dokku plugin:install https://github.com/dokku/dokku-letsencrypt.git
...
Adding user dokku to group adm
... other plugin installation info

> groups myuser
myuser sudo docker

I've shared this info on dokku channel for further investigation.
Hope it will be helpful for others who experienced this problem.


You didn't search very hard then... I present to you: OpenVPN.

Then asking Google for "openvpn how to install*, gives me this.  A cursory glance over one of this search hit, tells me it's rather complete. (Yes, I have a few like these running: two on AWS and one on at edit.at)


problem is that CD file system doesn't know anything about 'executable' attribute.. you can specify it inside 'mount' command then mounting drive that you want to treat files on CD as being executable.. for example like:

sudo mount -o remount,exec /media/disk0 /mount/cdrom

or anything like that...


Prevent Nautilus from displaying thumbnails on a specific mount

I suspect this isn't currently possible - I've been searching for solutions with sshfs based mounts and been unable to find any.


Geany

[Geany] is a text editor using the GTK2 toolkit with basic features of an integrated development environment. It was developed to provide a small and fast IDE, which has only a few dependencies from other packages. It supports many filetypes and has some nice features. My favorite so far.

Supported File Types


How much space do i need for "preserve files across reboots"?

Minimum persistence for a casper-rw file is 1MB*.

Maximum persistence for a casper-rw file is 4GB**.

Maximum persistence for a casper-rw partition is only limited by disk size, but does not seem to be working for UNetbootin, (or other syslinux installs), with 16.04 64bit or later, mkusb works for this.

*Note that if the persistence file is too small, and it gets filled up, the drive will no longer boot.

**This is maximum size for a FAT32 file.


Error ubuntu 20.04 lock sreen break layout

I fixed it. It happened after I installed a gnome extension: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1238/time/

If you encounter the same problem, Remove this extension and the problem will fix


How to get indicators back in top panel on GNOME 3?

You can use the AppIndicator support extension for gnome.

Open a browser and go to the Gnome Extensions page.

Click the “Off” button to “On” to install the extension in Gnome Shell.

Once activated, you should see the appindicator icons in your system tray.

Configuring the Appindicator support
If you have not installed Gnome Tweak Tool, install it with the command:

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

Open up Gnome Tweak Tool and go to the “Gnome Shell Extension”. Click the Tool icon beside the extension.

In the Options section, you can configure the default position of the appindicator, whether they will appear in the top panel, message tray or hide completely. You can also change the position for individual appindicator.

All rights goes to the owner.

There is also a bug report here requesting to have it installed by default: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-shell/+bug/1477216


Error while removing the new kernel 2.6.37

I found the fix for this bug by this codes:

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-2.6.37-020637-generic.postrm
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-2.6.37-020637-generic.list

sudo apt-get clean all
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

I ran sudo apt-get update twice.

Then I run synaptic and manually remove the package and my system is clean again.

Many thanks to this blog.


Password required but dialog won't let me type it

Solved by reinstalling 12.04, this time it works...


How do I prevent mplayer from resuming/playing when entering or leaving fullscreen?

You can achieve the desired behaviour from the MPlayer commandline by using the -pausing option. This worked well on my system with the following syntax:

mplayer -vo xv -pausing 2 input.mp4

When testing I noted that this syntax also worked well with -vo x11 but unfortunately failed with my preferred accelerated video output: -vo vdpau.

All available options for -pausing can be seen in the MPlayer man pages:

-pausing <0-3> (MPlayer only)

Specifies the default pausing behaviour of commands, i.e. whether MPlayer will
continue playback or stay paused after the command has finished. See
DOCS/tech/slave.txt for further details.

  0 resume
  1 pause (pausing)
  2 keep the paused / playing status (pausing_keep)
  3 toggle the paused / playing status (pausing_toggle)
  4 pause without frame step (experimental) (pausing_keep_force)

The option 4 would have been ideal as it promises to eliminate the slight frame step seen with the other options but this failed completely on my system...

References:

MPlayer man pages...


Cannot set the proper resolution on new Dell laptop in Ubuntu-gnome 16.04

According to Dell that model is sold with 3 different screens which vary by country and configuration. Since one of the screens listed matches the resolution you are getting and your getting invalid parameters on the xrandr line I can only assume you have the first one listed.

15.6” HD (1366 x 768) Anti-glare (16:9) WLED, 200 nits, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer LCD Back

I know this isn't the answer you wanted, but at least it's accurate

Source: http://i.dell.com/sites/doccontent/shared-content/data-sheets/en/Documents/NA-Latitude-15-5000-Series-E5570-Spec-Sheet.pdf


From your output it seems to me that it's a IPv6 problem, so we should force apt to use IPv4 instead.

If we search apt.conf (5) manual for IPv4 we will find:

  ForceIPv4:
       When downloading, force to use only the IPv4 protocol.

To enable this option we should create a file within:

/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/

the name can be anything for something relative
we use 99force-ipv4, the number is the priority of config files within this directory.

Then add the below command to this file and save it:

Acquire::ForceIPv4 "true";

Then try updating your source again:

sudo apt update

Not sure of the cause of problem, however I think your university is running an internal IPv6 network; so apt is trying to connect with IPv6 to its mirrors, and there may be some incompatibility. I just tried forcing apt to use IPv4 and it worked.

Short instruction:

Also we can use echo and tee to write this config down with one command (from here):

echo 'Acquire::ForceIPv4 "true";' | sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99force-ipv4


Solution

This command should work:

split -l 500000 -d --additional-suffix='.csv' 10k_edges_sixth_1000.csv 10k_edges_sixth_1000_pt

Explanations for flags

-l flag: number of lines per output file.
-d flag: force the use of numeric suffixes.
--additional-suffix flag: adds a user-specified additional suffix to the end of the file name after the numeric suffix (if enabled).


How to change font size and/or screen resolution in Virtual Terminals TTYs 1-6...?

You can force your TTYs to run in different resolutions and font sizes by adding vga=xxx to your boot line. xxx should be replaced by any of these values:

Colours   640x400 640x480 800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 1600x1200
--------+-----------------------------------------------------
 4 bits |                  0x302
 8 bits |  0x300   0x301   0x303    0x305    0x307     0x31C
15 bits |          0x310   0x313    0x316    0x319     0x31D
16 bits |          0x311   0x314    0x317    0x31A     0x31E
24 bits |          0x312   0x315    0x318    0x31B     0x31F
32 bits |

Some of these do not work on some hardware. When it fails you will be presented with a list of alternatives.

edit: hwinfo  can show you scancodes you can use with the following command:

sudo hwinfo --framebuffer | grep Mode

Resolution = columns, lines:

640 x 400 = 80 x 25
640 x 480 = 80 x 30
800 x 600 = 100 x 37
1024 x 768 = 128 x 48
1280 x 1024 = 160 x 64
1600 x 1200 = 200 x 75

To make it permanent you can add the vga=xxx to your bootloader options. The file you need in 11.04 is /etc/default/grub and you need to run sudo update-grub after any changes (from: How to remove GRUB selection? ).


Black screen of death on ubuntu, need the chrome passwords anyway to get them back?

I had a similar problem with the black screen and a way i found to boot is change the option of boot in the grub for another kernel in advanced options (not recovery mode nor network)


Download deb packages with download manager instead of apt?

You can find the packages you want to download (and their dependencies) on the Ubuntu Packages site. Though it's not recommended - you should be able to gather the links from there and use a download manager to retrieve them.

Dependencies are listed first, then the download section is shown below the related packages

If you're having slow download times from the official mirrors - try updating your mirror location as it may be that the particular mirror you're fetching from is far away or having latency issues.


Where can I find the source code for the Ubuntu Kernel?

For building kernels, it is strongly suggested that you use git to get
the latest source code from the Ubuntu kernel git repositories.

These repositories contain all updates to Ubuntu kernels, including ones
which are proposed for release but not released yet. By fetching from
the repos, you will be guaranteed to have the latest code.

If you want to fetch the source for a specific release, you may check
out the tag associated with that release. Tags are similar to this
example: "Ubuntu-2.6.32-17.26". The final number is an upload number
which is sequentially increased, and the rest is the version number.

You can see a list of the Ubuntu kernel repositories here:

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git

This page also lists a number of repositories for individual developers.
The official Ubuntu kernel repositories begin with "ubuntu/ubuntu-"

If you are looking to just get the sources to the kernel that you are
currently running you can:

apt-get source linux-image-$(uname -r)


Why is Unity not as smooth with the proprietary Nvidia driver as with open Intel?

The short answer is that the proprietary drivers are optimized for running proprietary software (ie games), and the open source drivers are optimized for running open source software like Unity and Gnome Shell, and optimizing for one thing tends to make everything else slower.

Unity actually runs smoother with Nouveau (the open source Nvidia driver) than it does with the restricted driver. Unfortunately games do not (if they run at all). The reason is complex. Optimizations used for windowing systems are different to the optimizations used for games, and so it often comes down to the developers choosing one or the other.

Unity, and window systems in general, don't need a particularly powerful graphics card. They don't need hundreds of shaders like games. Instead they need a very specific subset of operations to be as fast as possible.

Games are typically proprietary and written for Windows where only the proprietary driver is available. Therefore game developers target this driver. As a result the proprietary driver is commonly used by gamers, and Nvidia optimizes it to make games run fast.

On the other hand, Unity and Nouveau and Intel are open source. Unity targets the open source drivers because it is easier to get their bugs fixed and because they don't need to run on other OS. The open source drivers are not used much by gamers and so they don't get optimized for games (and so gamers don't use them... and so on.)

As for what you can do to fix it: Not much unfortunately. Not using Compiz is the one thing that seems to make a difference, but that also means not using Unity, and the difference isn't that big.

(If you're really seeing a HUGE amount of lag, and not just a minor annoyance, then you have an actual problem with your system.)


Error installing libgtk2.0-0 on Xubuntu 19.10 64-bit (SOLVED)

As you can see from error messages the file conflicts are only for documentation files.

So you can force installation of both packages with:

sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/libatk1.0-0_2.34.0-1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all  /var/cache/apt/archives/libgtk2.0-0_2.24.32-4ubuntu1_i386.deb

and finally run

sudo apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg-configure -a

to have all things fixed.


Your best bet is to unplug all your drives (important!!) except the one that you want Ubuntu installed on, the SSD in this case, and select the option called something like "Install alongside Windows" when you get the the partitioning point. It'll handle partitioning everything for you and get the bootloader installed where it should go.


How to disable ssh connection for group?

See this question here on serverfault for more information, try to use the Match syntax in sshd_config to exclude a certain group from logging in.

Match Group groupname
    PasswordAuthentication no


Unfortunately, I think there is no current solution for that, as you can see from these current submitted bugs in launchpad:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1661864

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1661878


Using evolution in Ubuntu comes up with this error  when I send mail

What about clicking "Help" from the Evolution main menu? You would find http://library.gnome.org/users/evolution/3.2/mail-error-failed-to-append-to-sent-folder.html


Problems with sound after running a video file (mp4, avi)

I just reinstalled Ubuntu and, at least, it's working again fine. Didn't figure out the problem, though.


Ubuntu Desktop 18.10 UEFI grub not booting

Boot from a live USB, (or the disk you used to install Ubuntu) the boot device selection in your bios may have multiple options. choose the UEFI device

Identify your boot device with sudo fdisk -l or gpartid.

chroot into your system. (/dev/sda in this example) replace sda# with your device

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt #sda2 is the root partition
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi #sda1 is the efi partition
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/ #makes the network available after chrooting
modprobe efivars # make sure this is loaded
sudo chroot /mnt

Reinstall and update GRUB

apt-get install --reinstall grub-efi-amd64

or if you have a 32bit system:

apt-get install --reinstall grub-efi

then

update-grub

exit chroot with Ctrl+D

unmount everything and reboot

for i in /sys /proc /dev/pts /dev; do sudo umount /mnt$i; done
sudo umount /mnt/boot/efi #please do this. Corrupted efi partitions are not nice
sudo umount /mnt
sudo reboot

I've referenced these answers:
https://superuser.com/a/376471/953420
https://askubuntu.com/a/681442/234305


The panel you are after is missing.
This solution is just another way to set the compose key. Install dconf-editor, navigate to

org.gnome.desktop.input-sources

and set xkb-options to ['compose:ralt']
If xkb-options is missing you'll have to create it.
If it's already there with other options, you'll have to add a comma and append 'compose:lalt' to that array.


installing OpenSwan xl2tpd for IPSEC/L2TP VPN

try to do apt-get update first to update the package list of apt first then try again


Record RAM usage during runtime of a Java Application

If you want to log largest total memory usage for specific process, here's a script that can do that for you:

$ cat watch-mem-usage.sh
#!/bin/bash
#set -x
PREVIOUS=0

while  true ;do
sleep 1
    DATA=$(ps -p $(pgrep firefox) -o vsize= )

    if [ $PREVIOUS -lt $DATA ]; then
        echo $DATA > logfile.txt
    fi

    PREVIOUS=$(printf "%d" $DATA)
done


Use a conventional backup tool like tar or dump.

The main reason for doing an image type backup ( which you can do with clonezilla ), is that it can image the entire disk, including the boot loader, saving you the trouble of having to restore that as a separate step when restoring the backup.  Since you plan on only backing up the one partition however, that negates this advantage.

Other advantages of using tar include:

You don't have to unmount the partition to back it up
You can do incremental backups instead of having to repeat the full backup each time
You can extract specific files you may have changed or deleted from the backup, rather than having to restore the whole thing

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BackupYourSystem for more information.


Automatic deletion of old backups in Sublime Text

Via sublime - you can't.

But you're on Ubuntu, so why not use cron? Add the following script (i.e. clean_sublime_backups) to /etc/cron.daily:

#!/bin/bash
ls -t /home/YOURUSERNAME/.config/sublime-text-2/Backup/ | sed '1,5d' | xargs rm -r

Afterwards chmod 755 /etc/cron.daily/clean_sublime_backups. To change the number of Backups left, modify the '1,5d' part as '1,YOURNUMBERd'. Backups will be cleaned every day.


I'm afraid not. U+F200 is in the Private Use Area. These are not official Unicode characters.


Can't install nvidia drivers on a 2 card laptop for xubuntu 14.04

Ok,

First I thought maybe the problem was the Intel card driver. So I downloaded it from them, but then I saw that 14.04 was not a supported distro.

So I've installed 15.04 (even if I prefer LTS) and now I see this:

I haven't restarted yet :P


diff -Naur d1 d2 > patchfile.txt
patch -p0 <patchfile.txt

... did you mean:

cd d1; patch -p1 < ../patchfile.txt

After all, the patch file contains changes that have happened (new file in d2). There's no point in telling it to do what's already been done, is there?


How to transfer files between Ubuntu machines?

The easiest way is to use scp command :

As you use cp command `cp ~/file/ /mnt/file1

You can use scp : scp ~/file/ user@host:~/file1

Then it will prompt for credentials .


All directories are 0755, did I do something wrong?

You need execute on dirs in order to change to them. That's default and there's nothing unsafe about it. It's not "the world", though. It's just you and other users on your system.


How to change Tracker so it can find numbers

Use gsettings command:

  gsettings set org.freedesktop.Tracker.FTS ignore-numbers false


There is no “Show desktop” icon in launcher in ubuntu 12.04,so below steps will show you how to add this icon to launcher by installing myunity

1. Open a terminal by pressing CTL+ALT+T

2. Run below command to install my unity

sudo apt-get install myunity

3. Open my unity from Dash and go to tab desktop and turn on Active “show desktop” icon

4. You are done ,now you can see “Show desktop” icon on launcher now


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Wired/Ethernet Internet Timeout - Not working

There is some issue with dynamic IP allocation in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Please use the below code and it work fine:

sudo dhclient


FFmpeg no longer supports libvo_aacenc

It is a low quality encoder and could only encode up to two channels. The built-in FFmpeg AAC encoder was improved to the point that libvo_aacenc was no longer needed, so support for libvo_aacenc was removed from FFmpeg.

Use a recent ffmpeg and use the built-in AAC encoder. So instead of -acodec libvo_aacenc use -acodec aac (or -c:a aac).

You can't just install codecs and assume ffmpeg can use them

Installing libavcodec-extra-54 will not do anything if you want to compile ffmpeg. When compiling, to add support for external codec libraries, you need to:

Install the relevant -dev packages. For example libx264-dev for H.264 video encoding.
Use the appropriate ./configure option to enable it in ffmpeg, such as --enable-libx264. See ./configure --help for a list of supported external codec libraries.
Compile ffmpeg.

If you want to compile see FFmpeg Wiki: Compile for Ubuntu for a step-by-step guide.

However, installing libavcodec-extra-54 will add additional codecs to ffmpeg from the repository (which additional codecs I am not sure anymore).

Why are you compiling?

ffmpeg is available in the Ubuntu repository. Why not just use that?

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

If there are missing features you can consider compiling.

How can I resize the videos?

Now to address your actual goal. By "resize" I assume you want to scale the video. Here's a simple example using the scale filter:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -c:a copy -vf scale=1920:1080 output.mp4

In this example the audio is being stream copied because input and output are both MP4, and the audio is likely already AAC, so just copy it instead of re-encoding.


Installing Lubuntu without changing partitions

I am guessing you installed Ubuntu using wubi.

My advice is to suggest you install lubuntu onto ubuntu

sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop

If you do not want to do that, my next piece of advice would be to go ahead and do a standard installation.

Resize your windows partitions from within windows, make some free space, and install lubuntu into the resulting free space.


Photo & video viewer similar to Android's Gallery app

Ubuntu's own Shotwell application can display both pictures and videos. Load pictures as normal. Use the "Import from folder" to include your Videos folder... but don't choose to copy the video files, choose import in place.


An error shown while saving C/C++ file in Code::Blocks

Create a C++ project in Code::Blocks and then you will be able to add a .cpp file to your project and save it by following these steps.

Open Code::Blocks and select File -> New -> Project -> Console application -> click Go button -> C++ -> click Next button -> fill in title field -> click Finish button.
Find your new project in the right pane of Code::Blocks under the Projects tab.
Right-clock the project's name -> select Add Files -> main.cpp.

Create a C project in Code::Blocks and then you will be able to add a .c file to your project and save it by following the above steps 1-3, except replace C++ with C and replace main.cpp with main.c. If you run into a problem saving the .c file create a new C project from scratch and leave the debug and release options at the end unchecked.

When you're ready to add some code to main.cpp and main.c start off with the simple code shown below for printing "hello world" in the console until you've got the basic Code::Blocks navigation working.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    cout << "Hello world!" << endl;
    return 0;
}


How can I move the System menu on the top bar to the left side?

You can't do that. I remember reading some thoughts about doing things like that (I think with regards to right-to-left readers), but it hasn't been implemented yet.

Well. You can't do that with the Unity panel, anyway. I think it should be possible to replace the Unity 2D panel with a Gnome Panel, add the indicator-applet-complete and the global menu applet, move the window buttons and achieve the same effect that way. I haven't tried it myself, though, but it should work. It would require some tweaking.


How is the Lenovo U410 Ultrabook support for Ubuntu?

Ubuntu isn't very compatible with lenovo u410 Here's a list of things I did for my u410.
Before install
    - Backup windows 8 for when in need

How to view partitions in Lenovo u410
    - press fn+f2 and change boot settings from raid to AHCI
    - run sudo dmraid -E -r /dev/sda
 - run sudo dmraid -E -r /dev/sdb

install special files in sda and sdb then creat 2-4 gb swap or hdd (better but slower)
(note that ssd's deteriorate as sdd is used written)
install cryptsetup and create encrypted partition
install grub on /dev/sda by installing boot repair
sudo add apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot repair
click recommended repair
reboot
Move Desktop files, Music, Videos, Downloads, Documents and other things (including /tmp) into HDD also known as sdb
and create symbolic links to home
setup trim reference Activating TRIM section
setup normally
First check trim by using sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep -i TRIM
activate trim use http://www.webupd8.org/2013/01/enable-trim-on-ssd-solid-state-drives.html
add discard, noatime & nodiratime to etc/fstab to increase hard drive speeds and life
move tmp to ram from sda
http://apcmag.com/how-to-maximise-ssd-performance-with-linux.htm
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia linux-headers-generic
(read instructions for bumblebee and change launcher scripts)
run optirun [progam] (this is to give it graphics acceleration


I think they are regular programs that you have to start manually or make them auto start when you login.


Why does Ubuntu have about 2x shorter battery life than OS X on MacBook?

The most likely cause is that the drivers you are using are not effectively managing power.  For example, the open source drivers for Broadcom wifi and Nvidia graphics are known to lack adequate power management.

I managed to match the power consumption under OS X on my Macbook Air by switching to proprietary wifi and Nvidia drivers, turning off bluetooth, and using laptop-mode-tools.


gcc-7 and gcc-8 will happily co-live together.

I would suggest to let gcc-7 be installed, for satisfying build-essential and perhaps other dependent packages, and configure gcc-8 to be your default gcc installation.

Use update-alternatives for having gcc redirected automatically to gcc-8:

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 700 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-7
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-8 800 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-8

This will give you the convenience of gcc being at the latest version, and still you will be able to invoke gcc-7 or gcc-8 directly.

If you'll wish to change the default gcc version later on, run sudo update-alternatives --config gcc. It will bring a prompt similar to this, which lets you pick the version to be used:

There are 2 choices for the alternative gcc (providing /usr/bin/gcc).

  Selection    Path            Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/bin/gcc-8   800       auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/gcc-7   700       manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/gcc-8   800       manual mode

Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

The higher priority is the one that is picked automatically by update-alternatives.


Behold the power of the terminal!

List PCI devices / wifi network relevant portion only

$ lspci -v | grep -iA 7 network
03:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1000 [Condor Peak]
    Subsystem: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1000 BGN
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 43
    Memory at f0500000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
    Capabilities: <access denied>
    Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
    Kernel modules: iwlwifi

Look for correctly loading modules

$ lsmod | grep <your module>

In this case, the module is iwlwifi.

Show kernel messages related to your module

$ dmesg | grep <your module>

List hardware config for your network

$ sudo lshw -c network

Show and/or configure network interface(s)

$ ifconfig

Show and/or configure wireless interface(s)

$ iwconfig

Scan your network

$ iwlist scan

Network-manager configuration

$ nm-tool

Show switches for your wifi device

$ rfkill list all

If you want more detailed info/debug options you can run man <command> for each of them.

If you have wireless problems, post the output of these commands and we'll help you. Not all of them are necessary, but the more info the better.

For log files, check out the /var/log/ directory.  The dmesg, boot and xorg.0.log files are generally the most useful ones, at least in my experience. For wifi stuff dmesg will do.


I had very similar issue to this one, though I never had installed Dash-to-Dock.

After upgrading an 18.10 Ubuntu installation to 19.04 on my GPD Pocket, my Dock never worked again.  I ended up having to reinstall instead of upgrade to fix it.  When I upgraded that install from 19.04 to 19.10, I did not have the same issue.

I just wrote the incident off as a fluke since I had not seen it happen on any other machine.

Good Luck!!


Ubuntu installed in VirtualBox has blurred screen

I have found a solution to this but actually still don't know why.

The method is switch to console and then switch back to the GUI like the following:

press right Ctrl+F1
press right Ctrl+F7

Then the macro-blocking disappears and I can install Ubuntu as usual.


How to create a shortcut for terminal program on Xubuntu?

The typical terminal commands are interchangeable. Use:

xfce4-terminal -e mc

This probably is true for all terminals that depend of libvte9 and try to be a drop-in replacement for the venerable xterm.


I found the answer.

By running $ sudo dbus-monitor --system (N.B. this is a different utility to gdbus-monitor) I was able to sniff the traffic on the system dbus.

So I...
1) ran the monitor in one terminal
2) ran my set.sh script in another
3) waded thru all the logging in terminal 1 and copied a timestamp at its end.
4) clicked the check mark to activate the connection.
5) copied the timestamp into a text file.
6) select-all in the monitoring terminal and paste into the same text file.
7) searched for the time stamp (among 5000+ lines of logging, no kidding!) to find the dbus command that the click caused, and turned it into the activate.sh script that follows.

drum roll....

 #!/bin/bash
 gdbus call \
    --system \
    --dest org.freedesktop.NetworkManager \
    --object-path /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager \
    --method org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.ActivateConnection \
 "/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/1"\
 "/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/2"\
 "/"

The parameters I'm passing /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/1, and the one that follows can be got from dbus for a specific device, I just hard-coded them for my ethernet adapter once I'd got them.

I can now open the Network Settings GUI and run set.sh, followed by activate.sh and see the GUI update with the new settings.

I think dbus is cool, but could do with friendlier documentation. Reverse engineering proved much more effective than reading the docs to achieve my ends.

Thanks for reading!


what is difference between /etc/shadow and /etc/passwd

Short answer:

passwd stores general user info and shadow stores user passwd info.

Somewhat longer answer:

passwd is the file where the user information (like username, user ID, group ID, location of home directory, login shell, ...) is stored when a new user is created.

shadow is the file where important information (like an encrypted form of the password of a user, the day the password expires, whether or not the passwd has to be changed, the minimum and maximum time between password changes, ...) is stored when a new user is created.

Some interesting extra info: passwd and shadow


Running xfce4-power-manager as daemon with ubuntu 14.04 and awesome

Unfortunately running it as daemon didn't succeed. I have solved it (ugly way) by setting the following in awesome WM:

awful.util.spawn_with_shell("xfce4-power-manager --no-daemon")

You can also pass the same command to the "run_once" function.


Extracting multiple rpm files and overwrite existing files

The easiest way to extract the contents of RPM packages is to combine the rpm2cpio and cpio commands. This gives a command-line way to unpack an RPM in the current directory to get at the package contents, ignoring the package's metadata and dependencies.

For example, to unpack all RPMs in the current directory, use

for rpm in *.rpm; do rpm2cpio $rpm | cpio -idm; done

This will extract the contents to the current directory as well, and all files will be owned by the current user, much like extracting a tarball as a normal user.

The cpio command can only extract files to the current directory, so files will always be extracted in the directory where cpio is run. To put the contents in a different directory, you could use either

for rpm in *.rpm; do rpm2cpio $rpm | ( cd /path/to/dir && cpio -idm ); done

or

for rpm in /path/to/packages/*.rpm; do rpm2cpio $rpm | cpio -idm; done


dd duplicates everything including the blkid.

"What might have gone wrong?" is a drive with the same blkid might already be mounted when you insert the flash drive and the system wouldn't automount what it sees as the same drive twice. If changing the blkid doesn't solve this problem, drop me a comment and I'll dig deeper.


lubuntu orangepi default root username and password?

I found this:

Lubuntu_1404_For_OrangePi_Zero_v0_8_0.img.xz
Version:     0.8.0
Release date:    2016-11-25
Release notes:  username(root/orangepi), password(orangepi)

Good luck with it

link for reference


How to get Software Update to automatically grab kernel source along with kernel update?

Simply invoke:

 sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic


i´ve found a instruction. may it can help you:
http://www.wikihow.com/Format-a-USB-Flash-Drive-in-Ubuntu

greets
stefan