How to install the default Ubuntu webcam driver?

Webcam drivers are part of the kernel. I suspect one of two things has happened here:

The drivers were explicitly removed (along with everything else you don't need). This reduces the size of the kernel dramatically and generally works well for embedded devices where the hardware never changes... But leaves you without modules you can load in.

You can check on your Android install that the module exists or not by looking in the corresponding location in /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/ (comparing it to the laptop)

You need a kernel with all the features. You can compile this yourself but it's not beginner stuff.
The driver isn't compatible with the CPU architecture. I suspect may not be x86-based (like you laptop). Unless you want to fix the driver, this is much less easy to fix.


No sound through external speakers ASUS laptop

Problem solved.

Simply close the lid with the speakers plugged into the laptop and open it up, or boot up with the jack already plugged.


System hangs on shutdown/reboot with newer kernel

Just enter below commands it will become proper:

dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
Reboot.


Fix audio delay of -0,5 seconds in movie

You should not reencode neither the video nor the audio, but just delay the audio stream. The -itsoffset option of ffmpeg serves the purpose of adding an offset to the time stamp of a stream, such that it is delayed. The command therefore would be more like:

ffmpeg -i my_movie.mp4 -itsoffset 0.5 -i my_movie.mp4 -map 0:v -map 1:a -c:copy fixed_movie.mp4

-itsoffset 0.5 -i my_movie.mp4 specifies that the second input file
(which, in this case, happens to be the same as the first), should be
delayed by 0.5 s.
-map 0:v -map 1:a selects only the video from the
first input file, and only the audio from the second (delayed)
stream. These woulld not be needed if you had two files, one with only the video stream and the other with only the audio stream.
-c:copy indicates all streams should be copied (and is a shortcut notation equivalent to -c:v copy -c:a copy)

You should also be able to achieve this with the graphical tool Avidemux, but my experience is that it does not always work reliably. The command line is, once you found the options, way faster.


You can enter the drive into /etc/fstab. This is the place, where all volumes to be mounted permanently go (i.e. your system disk as well).

Just add the line:
/dev/sdc   /media/Expansion  ntfs  rw,auto,fmask=0111,dmask=0000  0  0

or: UUID="12345566789ABCD"   /media/Expansion  ntfs  rw,auto,fmask=0111,dmask=0000  0  0

where "12345566789ABCD" is the UUID of your disk. You can get this information with sudo blkid

You recognize some parameters from your mount command here.

/dev/sdc1 - is the device file, a unabstracted representation of the partition as it appears to the file system driver (the "block device")
/media/Expansion - is the Directory in which the drives content will be made available (the "mount point")
ntfs - guess what, it's the filesystem driver to use.
rw,auto,... - this is a list of mount options

rw - mounts the volume for read/write access
auto - mount the volume automatically if needed
fmask=0111 - well this is more complicated, without explaining it in detail: it helps the system define file permissions on the volume, since ntfs does not normally store Linux- (Posix-)permissions
dmask=... - same here for directories
user - allows a mere user to mount and unmount the volume without using sudo, since you specified auto (which keeps the volume mounted anyway) this should not be required

0  0 - Those parameters have to do with system maintanance jobs like error checking the volume on startup, see man 5 fstab if you want to learn more

PLease note, that this is completely independet of the "share volume"/"guest access" stuff, but since you said, you don't need to normally do that anyway, I thought you might want to care about mounting the volume first.


How to start app or script after system upgrade

Watch for changes in /var/log/apt/history.log:

sudo inoticoming /var/log/apt/ upgrade_success {} \;

Script upgrade_success:

#!/bin/bash

if [ $1 == "history.log" ]
then

    echo "Changes in \"/var/log/apt/history.log\""

    if [ ! -f "/tmp/upgrade_success_last_run" ] || [ $(stat -c %Y "/tmp/upgrade_success_last_run") -lt $(date "+%s") ]
    then
        # look for changes since the last run
        # of this script ("upgrade_success")
        # in "/var/log/apt/history.log"
        # and make what you want.
    fi

    touch /tmp/upgrade_success_last_run

fi

How to start app or script after system update

You write the following:

  ...
  I would like to start my script after or during every Ubuntu
  update.
  ...

Create this file:

/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/16my-script

and add this line:

APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success {"<path_to_your_script> 2>/dev/null || true";};

Unfortunately, there is no way to do the same for Upgrade, eg.:

APT::Upgrade::Post-Invoke-Success {"<path_to_your_script> 2>/dev/null || true";};

OR

In the file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/15update-stamp

you can find this line:

APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success {"touch /var/lib/apt/periodic/update-success-stamp 2>/dev/null || true";};

Therefore you can watch for changes of the file /var/lib/apt/periodic/update-success-stamp. After any update command, even through Software Updater, this file's modification date is the date of the last successful update.

Watch the folder /var/lib/apt/periodic/ with inoticoming:

sudo inoticoming /var/lib/apt/periodic/ upgrade {} \;

Script upgrade:

#!/bin/bash

if [ $1 == "update-success-stamp" ]
then
    sudo apt-get upgrade
fi

And also here: Unfortunately, there is no way to do the same for Upgrade, eg.:

APT::Upgrade::Post-Invoke-Success {"touch /var/lib/apt/periodic/upgrade-success-stamp 2>/dev/null || true";};

and watch for changes of the file /var/lib/apt/periodic/upgrade-success-stamp.


Grub menu with Windows 10 and Ubuntu 14.04

Copy the  entries from this:

sudo cp -a /boot/grub/grub.cfg /boot/grub/grub.cfg.backup
gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Copy Windows boot stanza(s) to and edit to have only entries/descriptions you want:

gksudo gedit /etc/grub.d/40_custom

Then do:

sudo update-grub

Once your manual entries work, turn off os-prober by adding this line to /etc/default/grub configuration file to get grub from adding entries automatically. You can turn on with false again if you add another system and want it to find it.

gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true

sudo update-grub

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MaintenanceFreeCustomGrub2Screen


Surface Book Wubi Ubuntu 18.04 - Failed with grub boot loader configuration

I used a live ubuntu USD to boot up and installed Ubuntu onto a new partition (Non-windows partition).

And I received the Grub install failure error again.

I boot up the live ubuntu once again, installed boot-repair and perform an auto repair and I'm able to boot up to Windows now.


How to stop Ubuntu from launching the Atom editor at startup?

As I have mentioned in the comments, there's not a lot of room for wiggle here, either it's being called from some script / command in startup applications or ~/.profile

grep -iR 'atom' ~/.config/autostart and grep -iR 'atom' /etc/xdg/autostart are two commands that can reveal where atom is being called


To check what kernel version you are running; $ uname -r

As your grub controlled by Xubuntu, you should update the grub by typing;

sudo update-grub

make sure to run this command on Xubuntu as it is the one who control the grub

Also note, when you do $ sudo update-grub it will automatically detect present kernel versions on both partitions and update the grub accordingly.


How to hide a(n) (NTFS) partition from ubuntu

Hiding partitions from Nautilus via »Disks«

In Ubuntu 12.10 and onward, there is a utility called Disks which shows all the available disks and allows to modify mount options for each partition.

Amongst the various options, you can decide if the partition will be mounted at boot time or not, and if it will appear in the user interface.  Admin privileges are needed to apply changes.


How do I Enable/Disable compiz plugins from command line in Ubuntu 13.10?

Now the key name which store the enabled compiz plugins in gconf is:

/apps/compizconfig-1/profiles/Default/general/screen0/options/active_plugins

And now you have to use:

gconftool-2 --get /apps/compizconfig-1/profiles/Default/general/screen0/options/active_plugins

respectively:

gconftool-2 --set --type=list --list-type=string /apps/compizconfig-1/profiles/Default/general/screen0/options/active_plugins "[list,goes,in,here]"


Cannot upgrade git to the latest version in Ubuntu 14.04

Your initial error (the Python FileNotFoundError) is most likely caused because the directory /etc/apt/sources.list.d inside which add-apt-repository tries to create a sources file does not exist, for whatever obscure reason.

To fix this, simply create this directory manually with e.g. this command:

sudo mkdir /etc/apt/sources.list.d


It looks like you installed nvcc but it's not in the executable path.

The libraries are located in /usr/local/cuda-5.0/lib and /usr/local/cuda-5.0/lib64, so the executables are probably located in /usr/local/cuda-5.0/bin. Check in that directory, to see if there is a file called nvcc. If so, add /usr/local/cuda-5.0/bin to your PATH environment variable.

If nvcc is not located there, search the entire /usr/local/cuda-5.0 directory. One way to do that is to run the command:

find /usr/local/cuda-5.0 -name nvcc

Once you find it, you can add the directory that contains it to your PATH variable, or you can make a symbolic link to it in a directory that's in your PATH, or you can invoke it by its full path name (e.g., /usr/local/cuda-5.0/someplace/nvcc).


How do I update Python from 3.4.3 to 3.5?

You can try to use this PPA to replace your current python with 3.5:

https://launchpad.net/~fkrull/+archive/ubuntu/deadsnakes

Usage instructions can be found on the linked webpage.

However, I would recommend installing python 3.5 parallel to 3.4 (under /opt for example).

For that you would need to install from source:

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.1/Python-3.5.1.tar.xz
tar xfvJ Python-3.5.1.tar.xz
cd Python-3.5.1
./configure --prefix=/opt/python3.5
make
# To make idle3.5, you need tk's development to produce tkinter
sudo apt-get install tk8.6-dev
sudo make install

Your python 3.5 interpreter will be located in /opt/python3.5/bin/python3.5.
Your Integrated DeveLopment Environment is also found in
/opt/python3.5/bin/idle3.5.

To facilitate use you can symlink these files to a location on your $PATH like so:

sudo ln -s /opt/python3.5/bin/python3.5 /usr/local/bin/py3.5
sudo ln -s /opt/python3.5/bin/idle3.5 /usr/local/bin/idle3.5

After this, just typing py3.5 from the command line will use python 3.5, while at the same time, python 3.4 will remain untouched, and will not  cause any "breakage" on your system. Also, idle3.5 will bring up the
IDLE editor with the python 3.5.1 shell.


Moving from Windows 8.1 to Ubuntu - what can I do to replace OneDrive?

You have a few options, I switch from onedrive to google drive, and have been loving it.

However, Google drive doesn't quite mesh with linux just yet. The website says:

 "Running Linux? Stay tuned - Drive for Linux isn't ready just yet."

Dropbox supports linux and works pretty much like OneDrive and Google drive. Just transfer your files over!

Hope this helps! Welcome to Linux!


The loading bar stops probably due to some error while starting up ubuntu, you can try press Esc to see if you can switch back to the console mode (text display which shows what is exactly running). If Esc is not working then try ctl+alt+F1 (I am not very sure but you can try F1 to F7 to see if you can switch to console mode). Once you get to the console mode you will be able to see what is causing the freezing of the progress bar.

As for the installation of OS, are you saying you are trying to install ubuntu onto the usb drive you used to boot? That is possible but required some extra work when creating the ubuntu boot drive, because normally when the usb boot drive was created, it was created as a single disk partition and this way the installer will not allow you to install on the boot drive.


Upgrade stuck at update manager versions details


IPsec & cypharing algorithm Linux Ubuntu

IPsec package you can install with ipsec-tools package. To install that open your terminal with CTRL+ALT+T and then type as

sudo apt-get install ipsec-tools

and cypher algorithms are not direct but you can get them through the python .

sudo apt-get install python-otr

you can get any package source with this command

 sudo apt-get source <packagename>

for example:

 sudo apt-get source ipsec-tools


Need more recent version than on pip respitory, how to update without making a mess?

I haven’t tried these exact steps, but I think it should work. First uninstall any current versions of torch and torch-vision (or even better, use a Python virtual environment or a new Conda environment).

Next install the latest version of torch from GitHub using:

pip install https://github.com/pytorch/torch/archive/master.zip

Then install the latest version of torch-vision from GitHub if you need it using:

pip install https://github.com/pytorch/vision/archive/master.zip

I looked at the requirements field in setup.py and I don’t think there should be any dependency issues.

You will not be able to use pip to upgrade it in the future, but you can easily uninstall it with pip uninstall and then install the latest version using the same steps.


Disabling Touchpad while typing [Ubuntu 16.04] [Asus ZenBook]

If you manualy started syndaemon with custom parameters, you need to disable this option in System Settings -> Mouse, because it also starts syndaemon with default parameters.

Starting two instances of syndaemon causes cursor freezes, etc.


Ubuntu 13 change drm_kms_helper poll param

This fixed it for me on Ubuntu 13.04:

sudo modprobe drm_kms_helper
echo N> /sys/module/drm_kms_helper/parameters/poll

Apparently the drm_kms_helper module isn't loaded by default on 13.04?  You may have to load it in your /etc/modprobe.d/ and then sett the poll parameter.


Floppies are almost sure to be VFATmsdos, you can find out by running file on the actual image as I suggested in my comment:

file /path/to/floppy.img

However, that returns the file's type not the filesystem that the image contains. Filesystem image files are data and that's what file is telling you. I know that file will report the filesystem for .iso images but I don't know how it will deal with the ones you have.

Assuming they are indeed msdos, you can mount with

sudo mount -o loop -t msdos /path/to/floppy.img /mount/point


Ubuntu init.d configuration not starting Gerrit 2.11.4 at boot

Ignore google's instruction, when using Ubuntu, to uncomment the 3 lines in gerrit.sh. Instead follow StephenKing's suggestion, posted on stackexchange, of replacing:

# Required-Start: $named $remote $syslog

with

# Required-Start: $all

Then run:

sudo update-rc.d -f gerrit remove
sudo update-rc.d gerrit defaults 92

Thanks StephenKing! None of the Ubuntu specific instructions I read else-where mentioned this. So there must be a bunch of manual initialized gerrit repo's out there.


Have you been to the realtek website and downloaded the most recent drivers for your controller?
I am a novice user and spent many hours searching for an answer to why I cannot connect to my internet using an ethernet cable. After entering lines and lines of code with absolutely nothing working, I simply went to the Realtek website, downloaded the linux drivers for my network controller (r8125), ran the "autorun.sh" script, reboot and I was able to gain a network connection. I did this using a USB tether to my phone's cellular connection.
If anyone who has a realtek network controller cannot connect to ethernet, try downloading the latest linux drivers before entering a thousand lines of code that you do not understand like I did.
Hope this helps anyone.


How can one unlock a fully encrypted Ubuntu 11.10 system over SSH at boot?

Just done some googling and it appears that plymouth gets in the way. If plymouth is there then on boot then cryptsetup will ask plymouth for the password and that means it's not using passfifo.

The best workaround appears to be putting the following script in the directory /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/ After you've put it there you can chmod +x and then you have to update-initramfs -u. You should then be able to use the unlock command (which is created by the script below).

This relies on you using an ssh key to login with. If you want to use a password then you need to put SSHUSERPASS=<username> into /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf

#!/bin/sh

PREREQ="dropbear"

prereqs() {
    echo "$PREREQ"
}

case "$1" in
    prereqs)
        prereqs
        exit 0
    ;;
esac

. "${CONFDIR}/initramfs.conf"
. /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hook-functions

if [ "${DROPBEAR}" != "n" ] && [ -r "/etc/crypttab" ] ; then
    cat > "${DESTDIR}/bin/unlock" <<-EOF
        #!/bin/sh
        if PATH=/lib/unlock:/bin:/sbin /scripts/local-top/cryptroot
        then
            /sbin/pkill cryptroot
            /sbin/pkill -f "plymouth ask-for-pass"
            /sbin/pkill cryptsetup
            exit 0
        fi
        exit 1
    EOF
    chmod 755 "${DESTDIR}/bin/unlock"

    mkdir -p "${DESTDIR}/lib/unlock"
    cat > "${DESTDIR}/lib/unlock/plymouth" <<-EOF
        #!/bin/sh
        [ "\$1" == "--ping" ] && exit 1
        /bin/plymouth "\$@"
    EOF
    chmod 755 "${DESTDIR}/lib/unlock/plymouth"

    # Enable password login
    if [ -n "$SSHUSERPASS" ]
    then
        sed -n "s/^${SSHUSERPASS}:/root:/p" /etc/shadow > "${DESTDIR}/etc/shadow"
        chmod 640 "${DESTDIR}/etc/shadow"
    fi
fi

You can read more in this post on the ubuntuforums, this launchpad bug and the german post I nicked most of this from.


Infinite loop "saving document" with libreoffice

Quick answer: hit Ctrl-S a few times. After 3 or 4 tries, usually one of them will register, and the autosave loop will then stop. Unless you're likely to need something in your undo history, I would then close LibreOffice and reopen it, in case any of its internal state is in a mess.
This is, sadly, a known bug in LibreOffice, and remarkably it's been around for at least 6 years without getting fixed. I just had this happen to me, and realising I could stop it with Ctrl-S I thought I should put that information online somewhere, hence this somewhat late reply.
LibreOffice is very useful software, but has a lot of bugs. Regardless of ideological positions on free vs proprietary software, I still use MS Office XP often, and I can say unreservedly it never crashes on me, loses my work or behaves in unexpected ways. I've not used later versions of Office much because I hate the new design, but if you have access to Office 2000/2002/2003/XP you can install the compatibility pack that makes it natively support docx, xlsx etc.
I use mine in a WinXP virtual machine that's not connected to a network, and it complements the Linux host very well. It's also way faster, and hundreds of megabytes lighter on memory, for what it's worth. (You can run these versions under Wine also, but some versions are easier to install than others. I believe 2003 installs without trouble if you consider going that route, although I'd consult the Wine software status database first.)
I mention the use of MS Office partly because I've found a lot of people assume a VM and Office will together consume a lot of RAM, and are surprised to learn that memory usage is actually less than using a native application. For me, LibreOffice wins when I want to quickly export something as a PDF, and is easier to print from than a non-networked VM.


Automatic kanji conversion as you type for Japanese input?

I didn't know Mac's could do that...  But after you asked this question, I played around with my menu and I figured it out.
For me, I set up Ibus-Anthy.  I don't know if it works with any other combination.
Select Japanese (Anthy) in the menu and then:

Select "Preferences (Anthy)".
Go to the "General" tab.
Put a check mark in front of "Segment mode" under "Menu Visibility on Status Icon".

Then, under that menu option which now appears, you can select "Immediate conversion (single segment)" to get what you need.
If you go back to the "General" tab, you can select "Conversion mode" there but for some reason, I couldn't get it working just now.  My choice wasn't saving...I'd have to investigate that further.
Oh, and in my case, I'm using Ubuntu 20.10.  I hope this helps!


errors were encountered while processing :python-gtk2-dev

I had to remove all of the package files from /var/lib/dpkg/info and then run

  sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq python-gtk2-dev

as described in https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48431372/removing-broken-packages-in-ubuntu.


Maybe displaying images is disabled? This is possible and very useful to speed up working with large documents holding a lot of images. Check Menu Tools > Options > LibreOffice Writer > View:

Make sure Graphics and Objects isn't disabled.


Factory reset is a feature that will come with Ubuntu Core 20 ...

If you run on a Pi I'd just flash the SD freshly with a new image though, thats surely the quickest way to go back to factory state ...


You can use Ubuntu live-cd option for this. Follow the guide here on how to obtain the iso image of the Ubuntu distribution:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD

After You run the live-cd on PC, open terminal and issue this command:

fc-list

It will list all installed fonts on the distribution.

Example output:

/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lato/Lato-Medium.ttf: Lato,Lato Medium:style=Medium,Regular
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/tlwg/TlwgTypo-Bold.ttf: Tlwg Typo:style=Bold


background image sideshow for Konsole/terminal

No. You can not (at least until this answer writing, September 2016) . After exploring every options in Konsole, I found no option to set image slideshow for Konsole. But you can set a static background.

To do so: Settings -> Edit Current Profile -> Appearance Tab -> Edit button. There you can set a Background Image.


Unwanted authentication request window at login after upgrade to Ubuntu 13.10

rm ~/.config/goa-1.0/accounts.conf didn't do it for me, but rm -rf ~/.config/evolution .local/share/evolution/ did. Hope this helps!


Fresh Ubuntu install unable to connect to IPv4 addresses

welcome to Ubuntu. That indeed sounds like an odd issue, especially with a fresh install. A couple quick troubleshooting steps:

Reboot ... sorry, had to say it.
Also reboot the router - power down all networking equipment. Start up modem and wait a minute, then power up router and wait, then finally power on your machine. This gives you the greatest likelihood that each component is playing nicely with its neighbors.
Determine whether the issue persists when using an ethernet cable, or only with Wi-Fi. This could point towards an issue with DHCP, maybe an issue with the modem, maybe an issue with Wi-Fi signal.

Good luck!


xrandr reports size "not found in available modes" when coming from wine

This is not a proper solution, but a workaround is to change resolutions manually with xrandr -s 1280x960 before starting the game.  This makes the xrandr -s 1680x1050 command work after the game exits.


Old Laptop to TV connection USB Question

No.  Your TV is not designed to receive a data stream over USB and turn that into a video signal.

You could add a USB 2.0 attached HDMI adapter to the laptop which would make a video signal and send it to the HDMI port of the TV. This uses your CPU to process the signal, and if your laptop is old, it might not have the computing power to show a signal at the maximum resolution the TV will accept. If the USB port on your laptop is 3.0,  not 2.0, better adapters are available.

USB 2.0 ports on laptops are normally black; 3.0 ports are normally blue; 3.1 ports are normally red. However, that's not guaranteed; check your PC's specifications before making a buying decision.

You could also add a VGA-to-HDMI adapter and connect it to the VGA port of the laptop; but you would only get the resolution of the VGA output from the laptop. You may wish to see what the maximum resolution and vertical scanning frequency of the VGA output is before making a decision. You'd need to make sure you get an adapter which also connects to the sound output of your laptop.

Old is old.


xmodmap Right CTRL to work as Right SHIFT

In order to edit a special key/signal, you have to clear it in the beginning of ~/.Xmodmap. For example:

clear Shift_R

and then add the new signals at the end of ~/.Xmodmap. It may be helpful: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xmodmap

Write your expressions in ~/.Xmodmap to make the changes permanent.


QML properties come with signals that fire when that property changes.  A property foo has the corresponding signal onFooChanged.  This suggests two ways you could notice when the slider is released:

1) Connect to the onPressedChanged signal.  This will be fired both on press and on release, so you'll need to check that the value of pressed is false before running the code that you want to run on release.

2) Connect to the onValueChanged signal.  Assuming you have live set to false, this will fire only when the slider is released at a new value.  Depending on your needs, this may or may not be desired.


"The selected boot device failed" when attempting to boot a Live USB on my device

Ok, here is what I've found out:

The system has a 32bit UEFI, while Ubuntu (and all other distros I know) currently only supports 64bit UEFI. I managed to do the following:

Create a bootable Ubuntu USB stick using UnetBootin.
Download the latest rEFInd binary and installed it manually to the USB stick according to the instructions in rEFInd's online manual.
Create an entry in rEFInd's config file, equivalent to the "Try without installing" GRUB entry.
Reboot the system and manually select rEFInd's 32bit EFI executable.
Select the created menu entry and boot it.

rEFInd now tries to boot the live system. As I removed the quiet splash options, I could see the boot log. However, after a few seconds, the screen turned black. I have not yet found out where the black screen comes from or what causes it, but I doubt it is an X11 issue, as Ctrl+Alt+Del reboots the system, which wouldn't happen if the graphical environment were running. But I managed to boot the kernel from the live system, which technically could count as booting the live system ;)

However, I decided not to try installing Ubuntu any further, but I think this procedure can be helpful if someone else runs into a similar problem.

UPDATE: After some more annoyances by Windows, I tried again. The solution for the black screen was simple: Added the nomodeset argument to the boot options, and the system properly booted.

However, half of the device's hardware, including both WiFi and Bluetooth adapters, is not recognized (I'm not talking about no drivers, I'm talking about not even found by the system, e.g. listed in lshw).
So I guess I'll have to stick to Windows, then.


Well, I still would like to know a best practice, or a more efficent means of troubleshooting this type of nonsense, in the boot process.
when I saw W: initramfs-tools configuration sets RESUME=UUID=66f2ea6d-cfab-4410-933b-763fb6c6bc83: but no matching swap device is available.. ... I checked gparted, and found that I have no swap space partition. (that should be fine I've got loads of RAM) but this setup, seems to be that I might have had one at some point, why I dont have one now, that part is a mystery. I opened up /etc/fstab, and commented out the swap partition (that had the same UUID as the disk that was taking forever to check on boot.)
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
#UUID=66f2ea6d-cfab-4410-933b-763fb6c6bc83 none            swap    sw              0       0

why was it on /dev/sda5? great question, I have no idea.
So then I went over to sudo vim /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume
and commented out the refference to the swap partition with the offending UUID.
#RESUME=UUID=66f2ea6d-cfab-4410-933b-763fb6c6bc83
Then, I updated initramfs
$ sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
and rebooted just to see what would happen. I booted up in seconds.
So my boot time issue is solved... but if there is a better way of troubleshooting this type of error, I would love to know about it. I read all sorts of stuff, and saw many users having similar issues. I tried the boot-repair utility, it did nothing to fix this.  It was literally months until I got a clue from an error I saw while trying to update Mate, thinking that some userspace App might have been the issue.


Quoted from this perfect answer

ISC ntpd (the ntp package) will open UDP 123 on all your interfaces
regardless of what you do with it. It will work anyway even if you block this
 port in iptables, assuming that you're allowing responses to established traffic
as usual - your outbound mobilization requests to your chosen servers will be
 enough to allow the responses, and the same with further traffic sent for
the lifetime of ntpd. Using iptables like this is probably the easiest way to
secure ntpd. There's also some defense in depth you can do:
- run ntpd as non-root
- run it chrooted to some safe directory (really only makes sense when doing
non-root as well, since root can break out of a chroot)
- apply ntpd's built-in access controls (see examples in ntpd.conf, and full
 docs in ntp_acc(5))

For more information please read the full answer in the link above, In addition take a look to this answer in SU


Ubuntu 18.10 not working on VMware 14.1.3

In the virtual machine folder, check if you have 2 or 3 folders named "something.lck". If yes, delete them all (Don't worry, you won't lose any data, they are just temporary files) and check if the virtual machine works well after that.


How to access the menu of the webapp using HUD?

It is indeed a bug, https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity-chromium-extension/+bug/1081305 , it might be somewhere in bamf (webapps part) or the webapps part of indicator-appmenu,


Black screen after Suspend/Hibernate in Ubuntu 16.04 with GeForce 920MX, NVIDIA 390.77 and 4.15.0-32-generic

After several tries of making suspend/hibernate work again, I had to reinstall ubuntu to make it work correctly again this time.

Before it I'd tried to check everything and install graphics driver first.


Folder Permission/Security issue using Persistent Live Ubuntu?

This is the normal behaviour. One way to use a live or persistent live drive to repair an installed system or extract files from a damaged system. And it is at least as easy to get access to a healthy installed system ;-)

If you don't want this, you can install Ubuntu with 'encrypted disk' alias LVM with LUKS encryption. Then the guests, who use a [persistent] live drive can see the encrypted container, but they need the passphrase to unlock it.
You need good backups with an encrypted system, because it is much more difficult to repair it and to extract files from it.


How can I increase size of boot partition, if I have an encrypted home partition?

You have an encrypted /dev/sda5 partition. I am not sure it is possible to shrink encrypted partitions in gparted.

But HERE IS information on resizing encrypted partitions.

You will need to shrink sda5 left, then shrink sda2 left.
After that you will be able to extend your sda1 right.

You can just remove old kernels from your /boot partition THIS WAY

If you can't install synaptic try command line way

dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d'|grep -E "(image|headers)" | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge


Change bgcolor in LibreOffice Calc cells according to cell value

Well, that was easier than I thought it would be:

Highlight cells.
Select Format → Conditional Formatting.


Installed 14.04 on a alix board, can not update

Check the partitions on your system by performing a sudo df -h

See if one or more of the partitions is full, as in:

 /dev/vda1 236M 230M 0 100% /boot


Keyboard shortcut for Terminal doesn't work since updating to 12.10

Solved it on my own, after having an idea sparked by @Mrokii.

In the Keyboard Shortcuts menu, I went to the  Custom Shortcuts section, and added a new shortcut assigning Ctrl+Alt+T to the command gnome-terminal. This works!

There must be something screwy with my settings for default terminal... But I'm not going to worry about that, so long as my shortcut works.


This happened to me after installing the ttf-mscorefonts-installer package. I tinkered a bit and now Nautilus looks right again (it's back to using the Ubuntu font, as it normally does in Ubuntu).

Here is my procedure:

1) I opened a terminal and executed this fontconfig command:

$ fc-cache -rv

2) After the command finished, I logged out and logged back in.

I found other helpful font information in these questions:

Firefox fonts changed after install ttf-mscorefonts (This is what convinced me there may be problems installing the ttf-mscorefonts-installer package.)

Can I override fonts installed by ttf-mscorefonts-installer, prefer Liberation fonts? (This is where I got the idea of trying a fontconfig command.)

UPDATE: As I mentioned in the comment below, I decided the ttf-mscorefonts-installer causes problems in recent versions of Ubuntu, so I removed it. Nowadays LibreOffice includes the Liberation fonts, which are metrically-compatible with three of the common fonts:

Liberation Serif: same metrics as Times New Roman
Liberation Sans: same metrics as Arial
Liberation Mono: same metrics as Courier

If you don't use LibreOffice, you can get the fonts above by installing fonts-liberation package.

You can also match some other common Microsoft fonts:

Carlito: same metrics as Calibri
Caladea: same metrics as Cambria

The two fonts above are available by installing the fonts-crosextra-carlito and fonts-crosextra-caladea packages.

If you need a font compatible with Impact, Verdana, Trebuchet or Webdings, unfortunately I don't have a suggestion at this time.


Temporarily reboot into Windows while suspending Ubuntu

The short answer is no. Boot loaders don't work that way.

I am not a big fan of dual booting.  I think it's too much trouble to configure.  When I need both operating systems on a single machine, I choose the one I use the most as the main OS and run the secondary OS in as a virtual machine. This allows you to have both operating systems running on the same machine at the same time.
In the beginning, I had a Windows machine with Ubuntu running as a VM because I used Windows more often. Now I have an Ubuntu machine with a Windows VM.
I don't remember the last time I ran the Windows VM.


How to disable grub menu at boot time in Ubuntu 20.04?

Solution / tl;dr
echo 'set timeout_style=hidden
set timeout=0' | sudo tee /boot/grub/custom.cfg

Explanation
Though UnKNOWn's approach does indeed work, the modification of files installed by the base system should be avoided, if possible. In this case (i. e. Ubuntu 20.04), apt-file shows that /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober belongs to the package grub-common (this is also true for all files located in /etc/grub.d/, which are used by the update-grub command to compile the final GRUB configuration file):
Output of "apt-file search /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober"
If the package grub-common gets updated in the future, apt would detect the change and prompt you to decide what it should do (as both options - the file modified by you as well as the unmodified file from the distributor - are valid). In the worst-case scenario you would have to compare and merge the file contents manually.
So, what are our options if we want to hide the GRUB menu in a multiboot environment? For once, the grub-common package only wants to make sure that each and every user can switch between the installed operating systems. Because of that, the script /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober contains the following code snippet:
adjust_timeout () {
  if [ "$quick_boot" = 1 ] && [ "x${found_other_os}" != "x" ]; then
    cat << EOF
set timeout_style=menu
if [ "\${timeout}" = 0 ]; then
  set timeout=10
fi
EOF
  fi
}

This script (which is evaluated once the update-grub command gets executed) basically allows you to set a custom timeout even for multiboot environments - but it will not allow a timeout of 0, as novice users would perhaps not know how to boot their other operating systems without an obvious menu. This means that you could set GRUB_TIMEOUT to 1, and so the GRUB menu would show up for just a second before booting the default boot option.
But how can we hide the GRUB menu for good without touching files installed by system packages? Luckily, the grub-common package provides a facility to apply one-off settings. Have a look at the last file evaluated by the update-grub command, /etc/grub.d/41_custom:
#!/bin/sh
cat <<EOF
if [ -f  \${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
  source \${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "\${config_directory}" -a -f  \$prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source \$prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
EOF

OK, so a file named custom.cfg, which must be placed in the same location as the actual GRUB configuration file (/boot/grub/grub.cfg), gets sourced every time the GRUB configuration file gets evaluated (i. e. at boot time). So let us add our desired settings to this file (/boot/grub/custom.cfg):

GRUB will now hide the menu and instead boot the default boot option immediately. Other operating systems can still be booted by using the UEFI.


Why do only IPv6 autoconf services get listed from wlan

I found this happening when I had an iptables firewall blocking UDP port 5353 on my laptop. This blocked the incoming mDNS registration broadcasts for IPv4 addresses, which are normally only carried over IPv4, from reaching my avahi-daemon and being registered in the cache.

I had not configured ip6tables, so the IPv6 packets carrying IPv6 addresses were not being blocked, and were arriving at the avahi-daemon and being stored in the cache. So I could see those in my cache, but not the IPv4 addesses.


Use something like

#!/bin/bash
java -jar <name-of-the-jar-file> &
javapid=$!
sleep <some-time-in-seconds>
kill $javapid

in a file, make it executable (chmod +x ) and run it using

./<filename>

This will start the jar-file and kill it after some time. There are several ways to excecute the command at regular intervals. You could use cron ( http://help.ubuntu.com/community/CronHowto ) to always excecut it as long the computer is runnig. Or use a simple shell script loop to start the execution from the command line:

#!/bin/bash
COUNTER=0
while [  $COUNTER -lt 100 ]; do
     <same as above without the first line>
     let COUNTER=COUNTER+1
done

This will run the command 100 times, you could stop the execution simply by pressing ctrl-c.


If it's about protecting Grub2 bootloader from modifications with a password.
How to password protect the Grub2 bootloader:
First we generate an encrypted password.
  sudo grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2

We will get an output similar to the following:
  Enter password:
  Enter password:
  Reenter password:
  Your PBKDF2 is grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.743275C021122091A9EF4602AB6EF14C22F8B7AC6C22A0A90C0283C0EBC8935E6AC255C49AD6FBC33FC063BBF7AB6A7A3523BBD78C20CCA94F6063CD201C5B03.8968F047042AE0C1264F7CB657601C0E95A1E55555C097954FBA18FAC80A1F30B06ADF651F9DC41F55C6EEA74440C11134440B0E3C84CDD5C5A2C7BA09D99995

Now it is necessary to edit the file: /etc/grub.d/00_header
  sudo nano /etc/grub.d/00_header

At the end of the file, the following lines must be placed, taking care that the username and password generated remain on a single line.
  cat << EOF
  set superusers="Giuseppe"
  password_pbkdf2 Giuseppe grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.743275C021122091A9EF4602AB6EF14C22F8B7AC6C22A0A90C0283C0EBC8935E6AC255C49AD6FBC33FC063BBF7AB6A7A3523BBD78C20CCA94F6063CD201C5B03.8968F047042AE0C1264F7CB657601C0E95A1E55555C097954FBA18FAC80A1F30B06ADF651F9DC41F55C6EEA74440C11134440B0E3C84CDD5C5A2C7BA09D99995
  EOF

Now it is necessary to edit file /etc/grub.d/10_linux
  sudo nano /etc/grub.d/10_linux

In this file, you need to locate the linux-entry () function.
It is located approximately on line 64.
Inside this function approximately on (line 75 we place the printf command.
Inside this command it is necessary to introduce the --user option followed by the username placed in set superusers.
Once this is done in each menu that is generated, the --users option will be added, protecting all the entries to the different Kernels that are installed in the boot menu.
  linux_entry ()
  {
      os="$1"
      version="$2"
      type="$3"
      args="$4"
    -
    -
    -

     fi
     printf "menuentry '${title}' ${CLASS} {\n" "${os}" "${version}"
     cat << EOF
     recordfail

Modified line
     printf "menuentry --users Giuseppe'${title}' ${CLASS} {\n" "${os}" "${version}"

Finally, you only need to update Grub2 for the changes to take effect.
sudo update-grub


Installed apache open office and uninstalled it and it has killed my day

The error you are getting is due to broken installs or unmet dependencies which could have resulted from broken uninstallation of the sayed packages.

Please run

apt-get autoremove
apt-get autoclean
apt-get -f install
apt-get --fix-broken install
dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get update

apt-get autoremove
The autoremove option removes packages that were automatically installed because some other package required them but, with those other packages removed, they are no longer needed.

apt-get autoclean
The apt-get autoclean option, like apt-get clean, clears the local repository of retrieved package files, but it only removes files that can no longer be downloaded and are virtually useless. It helps to keep your cache from growing too large.

apt-get -f install and apt-get --fix-broken install
The -f means fix and the command is used to fix broken installs.

I hope this helps.


For MOTU packaging, to try or to install Ubuntu?

Try ubuntu is live mode for ubuntu. You will get a full working ubuntu running from CD\USB.

Install ubuntu is to start the procedure to install ubuntu on hard disk.

Live mode is used to see whether all hardware / software functionality is working fine before any installation. Changes are lost on reboot (while running from CD, i never tried from usb)

Choose modes as per your requirement. :)


Can anyone help me with this? I am not able to remove or re-install software center or any software

Try the following:-

sudo apt-get -m --reinstall install python python-minimal dh-python
sudo apt-get -f install

Then try your original installation/removal operation(s) again.


So, after many months with this problem, I finally solved it by doing this:

cd /var/lib/dpkg/info
sudo mv mysql-server-5.7* ~/mysql-conf-bk-files
sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq mysql-server-5.7

I used the source in the comments, but the link is not available anymore, so I used archive.org to retrieve the info.


How can I prevent Nautilus from showing search results?

Re-name the program to something nobody would ever touch, "IE10 T/Wine"? LOL.


After 12.04 Upgrade - /var/www is missing

Sure, installing over an existing installation will preserve your home folder and settings, but everything outside it will be wiped out and installed anew. That's the difference between installation and upgrade. After install you'll have a default set of applications with default settings, that's why Apache is not installed.

In fact, even preserving the home folder is a relatively new feature of Ubuntu installer...


Ubuntu 12.04.3 installer stopped on activation (wlan0) stage 4 of 5 (ipv6 configure timeout)

Did you change the boot options? I had pre installed windows 8 on my laptop too, and I had to change the boot priorities and edit the partitions.


What is the best way to install Ubuntu on cloud

It depends on your Internet connection speed and the time slice the cloud server allocates to you. Compare this to the speed of your own hardware.

In my case although I have a 1000 Mbps Ethernet and router my ISP limits me to 50Mbps download and 10 Mbps upload speed.

On the other hand my NVMe SSD delivers 3,000 MBps which is to say 24,000 Mbps read access and 2,000 MBps which is to say 16,000 Mbps write speed.

So for reading/downloading my SSD is (24,000 / 50) 480 times faster and for writing/uploading it is (16,000 / 10) 1,600 times faster.

This assumes the cloud computer finishes its computations instantaneously, has no other clients using it and the backing storage responds without delay. Otherwise assume your own PC with NVMe drive is 5000 times faster at reading and 16,000 times faster at writing.

That said these are purely technical measurements and the human eye can only notice changes at 1/30th of a second. So if the difference was waiting .001 second and .000001 second you would not notice. But if it was waiting .1 second vs. 100 seconds you sure would notice.

I'm using an NVMe SSD, which is 8 to 12 times faster than an SSD which in turn is 4 to 8 times faster than a hard drive which in turn is 10 times faster than your USB (estimated).

So you might very well see the same performance if not better on a fast expensive cloud server.

But what I would really suggest is upgrading your $10 USB to a $50 HDD or a $200 SSD or better yet a $400 NVMe SSD for the best cost/benefit ratio.


Network Problem : Cannot connect to a ping-able website with Firefox

First of all, it is dns-nameservers not nameserver. Second, since this is a wireless interface, you'll need to declare the SSID you want to connect to and supply the password. I suggest this:

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto wlan0

iface wlan0 inet static
   address 192.168.2.100
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   gateway 192.168.2.1
   dns-nameservers 140.112.254.4 8.8.8.8
   dns-domain SSG5-Serial
   dns-search SSG5-Serial
   wpa-ssid your_router
   wpa-psk your_key

Finally, isn't it wlan0 and not wan0?


The bash shell only reads /etc/profile when invoked as a login shell, which su does not normally do - you would need to invoke su with the -, -l, or --login option. From man su:

   -, -l, --login
       Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had
       the user logged in directly.

       When - is used, it must be specified as the last su option. The
       other forms (-l and --login) do not have this restriction.

See man bash for full details about which startup files are read by interactive login, interactive non-login, and non-interactive shells.


Ubuntu 18.04 Server unable to see Windows 10 OS as dual boot

I think this must be a bug of 18.04.

1) I rebuilt my machine from scratch with WIndows 10 (clean) - No problems.

2) I installed Ubuntu Server 16.04 as dual boot - every thing worked straight forward. Detected windows 10 and grub setup was done and dual boot working fine.

3) I installed Ubuntu Server 17.10 on top of same Ubuntu partitions (not upgrade) alongwith dual boot of same WIndows 10 - No problems - worked straight forward.

4) Please note both #2 & #3 - I have tried with windows settings of Fast boot off & on. Irrespective of this setting, I was able to install both Ubuntu versions (16.x & 17.x) without any problems

5) But Ubuntu 18.04 doesn't even see the Windows partition and/or Windows 10 OS while installing it. It simply overwrites it (even though I chose manual partitioning). Please see below screenshot

Screenshot of ubuntu 18.04 installation

6) As I needed to run 18.04 - I freshly installed 17.10 and did a "do-release-upgrade" and it upgraded to 18.04 without any problems. All good now.

7) If anyone could please reproduce this issue(with similar setup) and report, it would be great, Many thanks!!


Problem installing ubuntu newer than 16.04.4 LTS

When booting the Ubuntu Live DVD/USB, watch carefully, and on one of the very early screens, you'll see a little man icon at the bottom/center of the screen.

I forget which...

Either:

click the little man icon
hit the down arrow key when you see the little man icon
hold down the shift key before/during the little man icon

Once you see the boot options, enable the nomodeset option, and try to continue booting.


Use dconf editor and set thumbnails to "disable all".  Set file preferences to generate thumbnails "never".  Clear .cache/thumbnails then redirect all output to .cache/thumbnails to dev/null.  Done, no thumbnails, no more 100% cpu utilization opening any folder with any content.  Hope this will help someone else.


Packages that have finished downloading are not stored in the partial folder, they are stored in the /var/cache/apt/archives/ folder. Also, apt looks for the package (with the proper version) in the same folder (and not the partial folder) before trying a download. Also, putting a completely downloaded package in the partial folder doesn't sound proper, maybe that's why apt ignores it.


logkeys  is available in the Software Center.


Problems in partitoning the hard disk using Gparted

From the comments...

The current plan of action is...

backup all important data
move any required data to sdb2 or sdb5
use gparted to delete sda4/7/8/9
use gparted to resize/move remaining partitions except for sdb2 (Windows)
add 75G to sdb2 using Windows Disk Management app
create a new NTFS partition as a shared data partition between Windows and Ubuntu

A better plan is...

obtain a proper Windows license key and install disc
obtain a Ubuntu Live DVD
backup all important data
set BIOS to UEFI
wipe the disk and change to GPT partitioning
install Windows
resize Windows using Windows Disk Management app
create a shared NTFS partition
install Ubuntu
restore data


How to run kvm/qemu on a virtual terminal with kms enabled

As the error message states, SDL cannot access the mouse. If this error doesn't show as root (using sudo), this is probably a permissions problem. You should check the permissions of /dev/input/mice.

It is likely that once the mouse problem is fixed it will show the same behaviour as when run using sudo. It might not be worth the trouble to try getting it running with framebuffer. Without knowing the details I'd say using X might a better solution.


Seem some themes in usr/share/themes on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

You can see more theme options with Gnome-Tweak-Tool.


Ubuntu GUI is not launching after updating from 12.04 to 12.10

You have been dropped to a tty console instead of GUI environment. You would first need to login using tty console and then enter the GUI.

Enter your username where it says Marky-UB login:. Thereafter it would ask for your password. Enter your password as such. Now you have logged into Ubuntu using the console. To start the GUI environment, run the following command:

sudo service lightdm start

This would start your Unity session. From next reboot onwards, you should be automatically logged into Unity instead of tty console.


Need help fixing a strange path error in bash

I know some of this is repetitive.... but...

Edit your BASH RC file:

vim ~/.bashrc

Export the PATH:

export PATH=$PATH:/home/$username/folder/

If you don't want to log in again to get the path, SOURCE it:

source ~/.bashrc

Make sure the file is yours and executable:

chown -R $username /home/$username/folder/
chmod +x /home/$username/folder/app*

Try to run:

cd
app1
app2

Still have the command not found error? Well, what kind of files are app1 and app2?

file /home/$username/folder/app1
file /home/$username/folder/app2

If they are text files, it could be that they are scripts, like BASH or Python. If so, open them up with an editor to see if you can glean the source of the problem. If you paste any of the contents of the text files (if, indeed, they are text files), be sure to please include the very first line - the "file magic" like #!/bin/sh, for example.


Need to wipe hard drive Ubuntu 12.10 to put Windows

This is not really an Ubuntu question per se. Nevertheless when you install XP, it should give you an option to completely overwrite what is currently on it. You don't have to remove Ubuntu first.


Ubuntu 12.04 and KDE, graphical temperature monitor for GPU

SuperKaramba ?

http://netdragon.sourceforge.net/ssuperkaramba.html

  What is SuperKaramba?

  SuperKaramba is, in simple terms, a tool that allows you to easily
  create interactive eye-candy on your KDE desktop.

KDE Plasma support

Package: plasma-scriptengine-superkaramba

  Description: SuperKaramba theme support for the Plasma Workspaces
  This package provides SuperKaramba scriptengine for Plasma. It brings
  support for the SuperKaramba interactive desktop applets, called
  "themes", to  the Plasma desktop. This package is part of the KDE
  SC utilities module.

KDE-Look

http://kde-look.org/content/show.php/?content=91918

  Description: This widget will display current ATI screen card fan
  speed and temperature.  It will also allow the modification of the fan
  speed in 5% increments.

At here

Downloading the widget - unpacking it - starting the Karamba: Alt+F2 karamba.
Adding the local theme...

Seems to work at here.


How to sort audio files according to their cut-off frequency (real bitrate) in kHz?

I've been looking for something similar, since I'm trying to de-dupe a large music archive, would like to keep the highest quality files, but don't trust the bitrates used.

I've found fakeflac which seems like a good start. Don't let the name fool you, it's not FLAC-specific since it converts the given file to wav and operates on that using a Python script. It scans down the frequency spectrum until it finds the cutoff, based on a couple of heuristics (125% increase in magnitude across a 220 Hz range, with the lower magnitude no higher than 110% of that at 44100Hz).

It writes out a "score", which is how far up the frequency spectrum the cutoff appears (i.e. if the claimed frequency is 44100Hz but it cuts off at 22050Hz, the score will be 50).

I had to fiddle with it a little to make it work, e.g. I replaced sndfile-convert foo bar with ffmpeg -i foo bar, but it's very straightforward and seems to be just what I'm after.

You can use fakeflac in a loop to get the scores for a collection of files, then sort them using standard shell tools (sort, cut, etc.).


12.04 Hauppauge HDP VR LIRC Repeating keys

I had this problem and tried as you did to edit .lircrc, then found there was more than one instance of irexec running which caused each button to repeat. Use

ps -ef

to see what's running. I had added irexec to the startup menu based some LIRC docs I was using, but mythv did this already, I think after selecting the IR remote in the initial mythtv setup.  Removed the irexec from the startup menu and problem solved.


How do I install/upgrade r-base to the latest version?

You need to add R's repository to your system:

Use your favorite text editor (I'm using gedit as an example) to open /etc/apt/sources.list:

sudo -H gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Add this line to the file (if this is slow, use another mirror. You may also want to change precise into the codename for your Ubuntu version --- e.g., trusty for 14.04):

 deb http://cran.rstudio.com/bin/linux/ubuntu precise/

Update the list of packages

sudo apt-get update

Install the latest R-base (you can also use the software center again):

sudo apt-get install r-base


By default, hidden files (i.e. those starting with a period) are excluded from the bash shell's glob expansion. However you can alter that using the dotglob setting e.g.

$ mkdir dir
$ touch dir/.hidden dir/visible

$ echo dir/*
dir/visible

$ shopt -s dotglob
$ echo dir/*
dir/.hidden dir/visible

You can unset the option afterwards with shopt -u dotglob


Where to put git "remote" repo on purely local git setup?

You don't need to set up a remote repository if you are not sharing or accessing your code remotely.

You would have to set up a "remote" repository if you were using a centralised version control system like Subversion, but not for git.

You can just use git in the directory you are working on.

If later you want to push it to another machine, either for sharing / access / backup, then you can use github.com or set your own server up. All you need is ssh access and you get that with most web hosting packages.


What is the command to switch to normal user?

To enter type sudo su.

To exit from super user mode type exit.


Installing matlab 2012b on ubuntu 12.10-java error

It seems that the installer is searching for a 32-bit version to install (x86) but only finds an AMD64 version (a64). Is it possible that you try to install a 64 bit Matlab on a 32 bit Ubuntu? Then you should download a 32 bit installer instead.


NVidia (GTX 680) Drivers Ubuntu 13.04 Black Screen

The NVIDIA card is connected to a 27" monitor made by Catleap. It doesn't communicate it's capabilities well through EDID, and xserver can't work out what resolution and refresh rate to use. The following xorg.conf solves the problem:

# nvidia-xconfig: X configuration file generated by nvidia-xconfig
# nvidia-xconfig:  version 313.30  (buildmeister@swio-display-x86-rhel47-05)  Wed Mar 27 16:37:22 PDT 2013

Section "ServerLayout"
    Identifier     "Layout0"
    Screen      0  "Screen0"
    InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
    InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
EndSection

Section "Files"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
    # generated from default
    Identifier     "Mouse0"
    Driver         "mouse"
    Option         "Protocol" "auto"
    Option         "Device" "/dev/psaux"
    Option         "Emulate3Buttons" "no"
    Option         "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
    # generated from default
    Identifier     "Keyboard0"
    Driver         "kbd"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier     "Monitor0"
    VendorName     "Unknown"
    ModelName      "Unknown"
    HorizSync       88.8
    VertRefresh     59.5
    Option         "DPMS"
    Modeline       "2560x1440_60.00" 241.50 2560 2608 2640 2720 1440 1443 1448 1481 +HSync -VSync
    DisplaySize    597 336
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier     "Device0"
    Driver         "nvidia"
    VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier     "Screen0"
    Device         "Device0"
    Monitor        "Monitor0"
    DefaultDepth    24
    Option         "NoLogo" "True"
    Option         "UseEDID" "False"
    Option         "UseEDIDDPI" "False"
    Option         "UseEDIDFreqs" "False"
    Option         "ExactModeTimingsDVI" "True"
    Option         "metamodes" "2560x1440_60 +0 +0"
    SubSection     "Display"
        Depth       24
    EndSubSection
EndSection


During Ubuntu Installation to VM, should I "write the changes to disks"?

If you're installing Ubuntu within a new virtual machine, then it's going to be installed to a virtual disk, and yes, it's perfectly safe to click continue. Enjoy your new virtual Ubuntu installation!


Command line ifconfig problems - Not detecting all NICs

Try ifconfig -a. it will show all interface cards even if they are down.


Why can't I rename folders on my Android device from my Ubuntu interface?

You are using v1.1.6 of libmtp which is not the very latest; in Vivid version 1.1.8 is available.

You could try a new version of libmtp to see if this resolves your issue (it could be a bug in that particular versioin) - one such source is my PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fossfreedom/libmtp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

If this doesnt work for you, rollback using ppa-purge

sudo ppa-purge ppa:fossfreedom/libmtp


More than 2gb of Music without paid plan possible?


I fixed it by making a live USB, selecting try ubuntu, and reinstalling grub by using boot repair. Boot repair worked like magic. All I had to do was to select the option 'Recommended Repair'. Thanks for the answers


It sounds like you have two disk drives and the boot loader was installed to the wrong drive.  Either tell your BIOS to boot from the other drive, or reinstall, and make sure you direct grub to the correct drive.


Install Genymotion in a different location

I've installed Genymotion to play CoC several months ago. I got it to live in the Documents folder. The way you do this is install it first, then use the command:

mv (folder to move) (new destination)

Simple as that!


EVP_CIPHER_CTX_init Maya 2019 Ubuntu 19.04

Thx for your answer,

I finally emailed the owner of the post on linux hint & he told me to remove the libssl.so.10 like as advised by a member of the Autdsk staff on their forum :

Autdsk forum

I tried (changing maya2017 for 2019 obviously), nothing happened. Same error than before.

So I decided to get rid of the "libOGSDeviceOGL4-16.so" cause maybe it was part of the solution. And...

Maya start !

But now there's a problem in the color system/graphic device (Even if rendering is ok).

VP2 Error : Failed to initialize graphics device.
Error: The GPU adaptor of the transform to finalize is null
Error: Failed to apply color management settings on file open: Failed to finalize the color transform..
Error: The GPU adaptor of the transform to finalize is null
Error: Failed to finalize the color transform.
Unable to execute igInitialize.mel.Unable to execute xgen.mel.
API error detected in /local/S/Maya_2019_DI/src/Maya/src/Type/pluginMain.cpp at line 163
: (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure

API error detected in plugins/mtoa/extension/ExtensionsManager.cpp at line 655
: (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure

API error detected in plugins/mtoa/extension/ExtensionsManager.cpp at line 655
: (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure

At least I can use the software...I'm going to add libssl.so.10 in the lib folder to see if it changes something else...


Why does su fail with "authentication error"?

The root account is disabled by default in Ubuntu, so there is no root password, that's why su fails with an authentication error.

Use sudo to become root:

sudo -i


Two ways:

Edit > Preferences > Folders > Fonts: two folders, at least one should be under your /home.
Filters > Python-fu > Console and enter print gimp.directory. Your fonts directory is a child of that directory


Ubuntu boot freeze, seemingly related to previous usage on battery

I've got a similar problem. I looked into some logs of my failing boot and found the same thing I found in yours in line 612 following:
May 28 10:10:41 bing-e480 kernel: Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...
May 28 10:10:41 bing-e480 kernel: Initramfs unpacking failed: Decoding failed
May 28 10:10:41 bing-e480 kernel: Freeing initrd memory: 48308K

there's some discussion about precisely that in the following link:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1835660
Somebody there suggests:
What I did was I changed
COMPRESS=lz4 to COMPRESS=gzip in /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf, then
sudo update-initramfs -u
After, without a reboot I've changed COMPRESS back to lz4, and then
sudo update-initramfs -u
And after the reboot that error is gone

I haven't tried it out, so no promises. Another person in the forum says it's just a cosmetic issue...
If it's not, the problem might involve the whole 20.04 LTS
But maybe that hasn't got anything to do with your problem.
I'd be happy if you give an update as I am struggling with the error too


How to have editing capabilities in command line apps that do not provide them

There are at least three tool to obtain what is required, these are:

rlwrap -- readline feature command line wrapper
rlfe  -- a front-end using readline to "cook" input lines for other programs
ledit -- line editor for interactive programs

You can use each of them simpy prepeding to command to wrap, as in

rlwrap sh

The first, rlwrap, seems the best, because the second make the line in bold, and the third fails to show the prompt with sh, nevertheless it works.


function keys for volume not working properly in ubuntu 14.04 LTS

It is similar to bug

Open terminal and run the commands:

 gsettings reset org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys volume-up
 gsettings reset org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys volume-down
 gsettings reset org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys volume-mute

hope it work .


the iso file I had was some how corrupted ... so I downloaded a new one and then it worked fine. thanks @Raphael


I am not sure if it works for all models, but on mine if you press Fn+Esc it changes the Fn lock so that F1+F12 work as normal and when you hold Fn+(lets say F11) it will change the brightness or whatever that keys secondary function is. Pressing Fn+Esc again reverts it back to default. Hope this helps.


Why is Ubuntu.com notifying that they use cookies?

By the new EU cookie law, all websites must have the consent of the visitors to store information about them.

See also:

Why are websites suddenly asking me about cookies?


Upgrading Ubuntu 14.04 to 15.04 failed, now need help to reanimate the system

Assuming you have another computer, just download 15.10 Version from www.ubuntu.com, burn it to an USB using unetbootin http://unetbootin.org/, and boot your Ubuntu-PC with the USB plugged in. On the Ubuntu installation, choose the option "Upgrade".

This will keep all your files and upgrade your whole system.

If you cannot boot from the USB, change your boot settings in the bios.

Hope it helps.

Regards


How to change grub timeout in Ubuntu 20.04

It's kind of a bug in GRUB.
In /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober, here's the code snippet that causes the problem...
quick_boot="1"

export TEXTDOMAIN=grub
export TEXTDOMAINDIR="${datarootdir}/locale"

. "$pkgdatadir/grub-mkconfig_lib"

found_other_os=

adjust_timeout () {
  if [ "$quick_boot" = 1 ] && [ "x${found_other_os}" != "x" ]; then
    cat << EOF
set timeout_style=menu
if [ "\${timeout}" = 0 ]; then
  set timeout=10
fi
EOF
  fi
}

To change/fix the 10 second timeout, edit /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober with:
sudo -H gedit /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober
and either:

set quick_boot="1" to quick_boot="0"
set set timeout=10 to set timeout=3

Note: or edit /etc/default/grub and set GRUB_TIMEOUT=3, or something between 1 and 10.
sudo update-grub
Note: See here for more details/options.


Would i be able to update 12.04 LTS to 13.04?

Yes you can, but first you will have to upgrade to 12.10

Recently I have upgraded my OS from 12.04 to 12.10 & then after 12.10 to 13.04.

But it's always recommended to keep backup of your data before going for any version upgrade, so better keep it.


Error processing package - dependency problems - leaving unconfigured

first you need to configure the update notifier:

$ sudo apt install --reinstall update-notifier
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure update-notifier

then install the ms core fonts/flash and accept the eula:

$ sudo apt install --reinstall ttf-mscorefonts-installer flashplugin-installer

if you don't get prompted to accept the EULA stuff, do this next:

install flash plugin:

$ sudo /usr/lib/flashplugin-installer/install_plugin

install the fonts from M$

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure ttf-mscorefonts-installer


The boot-repair tool (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair) solved my problem


Wi-Fi is not working in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

I had the same problem.
I don't know how to solve it on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. This is probably the fault of the kernel 3.16.
The problem arises on any distribution based on the kernel 3.16 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Linux Mint 17.x etc).

Upgrade to Ubuntu 15.04 and kernel 3.19 solves the problem.


Directly upgrade to Ubuntu 15.04 from 14.04 is not possible, but this does not mean that you can't do this. No USB sticks etc. needed. I do the update through SSH from remote PC :)

Note:

  Please keep in mind, that all operations below should be completed under root permissions or sudo, as you are modifying system settings.

Before you upgrade, you need to install these upgrade helpers:

sudo apt-get install update-manager update-manager-core

After that, go to /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades file and change Prompt=lts to Prompt=normal. Make sure that meta-release file in same folder looks like this. If it isn't there, add it at the bottom of the file:

[METARELEASE]
URI = http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release
URI_LTS = http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts
URI_UNSTABLE_POSTFIX = -development
URI_PROPOSED_POSTFIX = -proposed

Upgrading from 14.04 to 15.04 will looks like this: 14.04 -> 14.10 -> reboot -> 15.04 -> reboot -> done

Here are the next steps:

execute do-release-upgrade -d in terminal
[follow screen instructions], reboot at the end. 14.10 will be installed
execute do-release-upgrade -d in terminal
[follow screen instructions], reboot at the end. 15.04 will be installed

Enjoy! :)

P.S. All data and software will be preserved. Also after the upgrade don't forget to update custom apt repositories, as they probably will be disabled for the upgrade period.


Make sure you allow slides autoplay:

From menubar Go to Slideshow - Slideshow Settings and tick on Auto Mode.


Mysql not working after apache2 reinstall?

The error (2002) Can't connect to ... normally means that there is no MySQL server running on the system.y
try restart

~$ sudo service mysql restart
mysql start/running, process 3912

or stop it and then start it

:~$ sudo service mysql stop
mysql stop/waiting

~$ sudo service mysql start
mysql start/running, process 3994

You should also check that the TCP/IP port you are using has not been blocked by a firewall or port blocking service. read more here.

Check whether the server is running on that host by executing sudo telnet some_host 3306 and pressing the Enter key a couple of times. (3306 is the default MySQL port number. Change the value if your server is listening to a different port.) If there is a MySQL server running and listening to the port, you should get a response that includes the server's version number. If you get an error such as telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused, then there is no server running on the given port.

mine for example (in spanish):

~$ sudo netstat -a | grep mysql
tcp        0      0 localhost:mysql         *:*                     ESCUCHAR
unix  2      [ ACC ]     FLUJO      ESCUCHANDO    18740    /var/run/mysqld/mysqd.sock

MINE IS WORKING: BUT LET SEE BY DOING A TELNET TO MY LOCALHOST. =D

~$ sudo telnet localhost 3306
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
E
5.1.61-0ubuntu0.11.10.1"]+Ya]-gQO{<X)_&<:NXConnection closed by foreign host.
marcelo@acer:~$

take a look at this: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=804021


How do I configure wvdial to connect using a micromax 353g usb modem?

Change following lines and try

Change access point, you are using old one

Init4 = AT+CGDCONT=1,"aircelgprs"  or aircelinternet

No user id and password required

Password =

Username =

You are using wrong dialing number

Phone = *99# OR *99***1#

Change the configs and let us know the result in comment.


How to replace/reinstall packages from backports to normal repository

First part
should work with apt-show-versions Install it and run apt-show-versions | grep bionic-backports

The second part is the tricky one. I would remove backports and make it over apt pinning

Package: *
Pin: release o=Ubuntu,a=bionic,n=bionic,l=Ubuntu

Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *
Pin: release o=Ubuntu,a=bionic-updates,n=bionic,l=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *
Pin: release o=Ubuntu,a=bionic-security,n=bionic
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *
Pin: release  a=bionic,n=bionic,l=Partner archive,c=partner
Pin-Priority: 1001

Refresh package cache sudo apt update then you can simulate first apt --dry-run full-upgrade


How do I change file permissions on a FAT32 drive?

FAT32 formatted drives do not support file permissions.  The permissions for everything are determined by how the drive is mounted.

So, you can change the permissions on all the files on the drive by mounting it differently, but not dynamically like you are describing.

See https://askubuntu.com/a/96929/6161 on how to remount using different permissions.


I have successfully removed unity completely from my system and just have the gnome-desktop-environment with gdm as my default display manager. I did not have to install any packages such as ubuntu-desktop or gnome-ubuntu-desktop for not breaking any dependacies.

dpkg -L ubuntu-session

shows that gnome-session is a part of the package, but actually it is not. Only by explicitly removing gnome-session via sudo apt-get remove gnome-session, the gnome-session would be removed, otherwise not.
Finally, I have a poor gnome desktop environment without any unity parasites :)


How can I change the mount point for an internal hard drive?

You should use fstab.

Edit /etc/fstab file according to this guide.

As an example you could add a line like this:

/dev/sdb  /Volumes/HDD2      auto    defaults        0       1


What would this command do: "find . -ls \( pattern \)"?

That is a feature of find that lets you group different tests together. For example:

find . \( -name foo -or -name bar -o -name baz \) -size +1M

The parentheses need to be escaped (\( and \) instead of ( and )) because parentheses are special characters for the shell (they are usied to run commands in subshells), so they need to be escaped in order to be passed to find and not "eaten" by the shell.

The command above will find any file whose name is any of foo, bar or baz and whose size is > 1M. Now, take this directory structure as an example:

$ ls -lh *
dir1:
total 2.0M
-rw-r--r-- 1 terdon terdon 1.0M Mar  7 01:24 bar
-rw-r--r-- 1 terdon terdon 1.0M Mar  7 01:24 foo

dir2:
total 4.0M
-rw-r--r-- 1 terdon terdon 2.0M Mar  7 01:24 file
-rw-r--r-- 1 terdon terdon 2.0M Mar  7 01:24 foo

There are two files there named foo, but only one is >1M in size. There are 2 files that are >1M in size, but only one is named foo, bar, or baz. Therefore, I expect the command above to only return dir2/foo as, indeed, it does:

$ find . \( -name foo -or -name bar -o -name baz \) -size +1M
./dir2/foo

OK, but what if I run it without the parentheses?

$ find .  -name foo -or -name bar -o -name baz  -size +1M
./dir2/foo
./dir1/bar
./dir1/foo

That finds me all files named foo, all files named bar and all files named bar whose size is > 1M. So, the bar and foo in dir1 are returned even though their size is < 1M.

So, the parentheses are very useful for crafting a find command that combines different sets of tests. When combined with find's -or, -and and -not operators, this makes for an extremely powerful tool.

What they do in your example I cannot tell since you don't actually give a working command as an example. It will depend on what pattern is. If you're really using find . -ls and then, after that, another set of tests in parentheses, then they do nothing since find . -ls already matches and lists all files and directories.


Even better is this one, unmute all audio devices.
and set volume to 70%

for x in `amixer controls  | grep layback` ; do amixer cset "${x}" on ; done

for x in `amixer controls  | grep layback` ; do amixer cset "${x}" 70% ; done

in the example above the HDMI and optical isn't unmutted..


Difference between Software Selection Servers

The term "server" means a piece of software that offers a service to clients. A server usually waits for a client to contact it, and then sends the reply to the client. For further information, read about the Client-Server-Model

OpenSSH server
SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol to get encrypted remote access to a machine. The machine you want to access needs to run a SSH server to accept incoming requests. OpenSSH is an implementation of SSH. Next to shell access and file transfer (SFTP, SCP), SSH enables fancy things, such as starting an application on the server, but show the GUI on the client (X11 forwarding).
DNS server
The Domain Name System, short DNS, resolves addresses, like askubuntu.com to IP addresses like 104.16.17.44, which makes the internet more usable to human beings. For DNS lookups, the clients, e.g. web browsers, send a request to a DNS server in order to retrieve the IP address of the required service.
LAMP server
LAMP = Linux Apache MySQL PHP, pretty much explains it: This package containes an Apache web server (a server that e.g. delivers websites), with a MySQL backend (A database management system), and a PHP interpreter (PHP is a scripting language that is executed on the server before sending the result to the client, in this setup through the Apache server).
Mail server
A server that is responsible for delivering E-Mail, both for sending and receiving, depending on the setup.
PostgreSQL server
PostgreSQL is, like MySQL, a database management system. A database server enables clients to send queries to the server and returns the results.
Print server
On a default Desktop Ubuntu, there is a printing system called CUPS installed. CUPS works as a server, on which the printers are installed. Every time you print something on Ubuntu, it sends the print job to a print server, either on the same system, or to another. E.g. in my school, there is a central print server students send their print jobs to, and then the print server takes care of the printing.
Samba file server
Samba is an implementation of the SMB (Server Message Block) protocol, which can be used as a network file system. SMB clients can mount drives published by a SMB server.
Tomcat Java server
Tomcat is another web service, responsible for delivering JSP content, i.e. dynamic website generation.
Virtual Machine host
This option installs KVM, a host for running virtual machines.

Manual package selection allows you to skip tasksel, the program that is offering you those precompiled package lists, and install the packages you need manually, which allows for a more fine-grained setup. However, this is much harder to accomplish, especially if you have no idea what packages are actually required to build, let's say, a web server.


How to uninstall pre-installed widgets in Plasma 5?

As @danzel said, the preinstalled widgets (Folder View, Notepad etc) are part of the plasma desktop package and hence can't be removed. The only way you would be able to do that would be to manually build plasma-desktop and possibly libkiofilewidgets after making modifications and then getting it to install.
But the reappearing widget issue probably can be solved by removing the config file that stores the applets present in ~/.config/plasma-org.kde.plasma.desktop-appletsrc. You can either remove them completely by following these instructions (which will also cause you to lose all your settings)
First back it up just in case:
mv ~/.config/plasma-org.kde.plasma.desktop-appletsrc ~/.config/plasma-org.kde.plasma.desktop-appletsrc-old

then remove it
rm -f ~/.config/plasma-org.kde.plasma.desktop-appletsrc

Log out and log back in and you should have the default desktop configuration restored
Or
You could manually edit the same file and remove all references to anything named 'folder'


You can find on Launchpad last version of Gearman Server and Client Libraries(Gearman Server and Client Libraries). After you download it (gearman-1.1.7.tar.gz) you have all instructions about how you can to install here: How to install a .tar.gz (or .tar.bz2) file?.

More about: http://gearman.org/download.


Can I run EaseUs Todo Backup recovery from Ubuntu 18.04?

For starters, no, there is no linux version at the time of writing; I wish there was, as there don't seem to be any decent image-backup solution for linux just yet other than file-syncrhonizing ones.

The reason EasUs have a Linux iso to boot from is that when they created the first version there was no way to create a bootable repair tool based on Windows (now there is, with WinPE)... so it is partly historical.

In theory, though, there's nothing stopping you from creating a small partition on your hard drive and making the recovery iso bootable off of your hard-drive directly.

Just create a partition and copy the cd over, then simply update Grub to load it up accordingly.


Authentication error at login after online upgrade to 18.04

There are a lot of things that can go wrong when upgrading from 16.04 to 18.04. Most of this things are however easy to fix. So first you need to find what is not working properly.

Fix packages

In your post you mentioned, that apt-get returns with the following message:

$ sudo apt install -f
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove, 5 not to upgrade

Try to fix the "5 not to upgrade" with a sudo apt-get dist-upgrade --yes or remove them with sudo apt-get --purge autoremove.

Debug GUI login

Login in the console as you did with ctrl+alt+F3 and check the output of:

$ ps axf
....
1838 ?        Ssl    0:00 /usr/sbin/gdm3
1893 ?        Sl     0:00  \_ gdm-session-worker [pam/gdm-launch-environment]
2213 tty1     Ssl+   0:00  |   \_ /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-wayland-session gnome-session --autostart /usr/share/gdm/greeter/autostart
2252 tty1     Sl+    0:00  |       \_ /usr/lib/gnome-session/gnome-session-binary --autostart /usr/share/gdm/greeter/autostart
2276 tty1     Sl+    0:02  |           \_ /usr/bin/gnome-shell
....

In a standard Ubuntu installation (with gnome), the gdm-session-worker should be running and provides the login screen. (You can scroll up/down with shift+pageup/pagedown)

Then monitor the auth and syslog and return to the login screen ctrl+alt+F1

sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog /var/log/auth.log

After the login failed, return to the console (again ctrl+alt+F3) and check the output for error messages. That should give you a hint where to look next.

Fix /etc/environment file

When looking into the output of your /var/log/auth.log file, you find a reoccurring message:

Apr 17 10:05:16 TP-L520 gdm-launch-environment]: pam_env(gdm-launch-environment:session): non-alphanumeric key 'date +%d.%m.%Y' in /etc/environment', ignoring
Apr 17 10:05:16 TP-L520 gdm-launch-environment]: pam_unix(gdm-launch-environment:session): session opened for user gdm by (uid=0)
Apr 17 10:05:16 TP-L520 systemd-logind[945]: New session c56 of user gdm.
Apr 17 10:05:16 TP-L520 gdm-launch-environment]: pam_unix(gdm-launch-environment:session): session closed for user gdm
Apr 17 10:05:16 TP-L520 systemd-logind[945]: Removed session c56.

It seams that there is a problem with some date command inside the /etc/enviroment file. A simple fix would be to backup that file and replace it if the standard values:

$ sudo cp /etc/environment /etc/environment.backup
$ echo 'PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"' | sudo tee /etc/environment

Reboot and try again.


WiFi stops working intermittently on 18.04 (Dell Inspiron 15 5000)

I've found that many Wifi related issues can be resolved by disabling the power management.

Here's how I do it:

Create: /etc/network/if-up.d/wifi-powerman-off
Enable: chmod +x /etc/network/if-up.d/wifi-powerman-off

Replace interface name

#!/bin/sh

IWCONFIG=/sbin/iwconfig
WLAN_IFACE=<<interface name>>

if [ ! -x $IWCONFIG ]; then
    exit 1
fi

if [ "$IFACE" = $WLAN_IFACE ]; then
    $IWCONFIG $IFACE power off
fi


Why does update manager not work when PPA is unavailbale?

You need edit you software sources and remove the PPA's which aren't used any more.  Assuming you are using a recent version of Ubuntu with Unity.

Open dash (with the windows/super key)
Search for application called "Software Sources" and launch it.
Click the "Other tab" and uncheck the PPA that you don't want.

Don't worry, the software that you installed from here will not be removed. However it just won't be updated and might not working in the future if the libs that it depends are changed.

Hope this helps.


Try NGINX as a load-balancer for two web servers:  http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/load_balancing.html

Use rsync over ssh to keep your doc roots in sync.  Clustering MySQL will be trickier.


20.04 LTS PC not starting BCS of Noatime

Welcome to the large community of people who have broken their install by making a mistake in fstab. I am a long time member.
You can fix it.

Boot the pc to a live environment using a USB - the one you installed with is fine.
mount the / drive with the bad fstab on it. (You can just find the drive in the file manager and click it.)
edit fstab on that drive and fix it
reboot

In future do a sudo mount -a after editing fstab, that will sometimes show if you made mistakes.


Checkinstall error with OpenSSL 0.9.8za on Trusty (Ubuntu 14.04)

This question is very similar to this one asked here on Ask Ubuntu: Error 255 when trying to install openssl-1.0.1g from source

The issue I was having, according to that question as well as an issue filed on GitHub (linked to from the previous question) is that the Perl version on newer systems breaks compatibility with the older OpenSSL's documentation building configuration.

The easiest fix is to build OpenSSL without its corresponding documentation, with the following command in place of "checkinstall":

make install_sw

The only (harder) other option is to (try) to apply this patch: https://gist.github.com/martensms/10107481

(Note that the patch was developed for OpenSSL 1.0.1g, and not for my version, OpenSSL 0.9.8za - I haven't tested it, so I make no guarantees that it'll work. My solution was just to compile without documentation, per the links above)


Upgrading GNOME 3.4 in 12.04 using individual packages

Use sudo apt-get upgrade to update all packages to the new versions.

Ubuntu 12.04 already contains GNOME3.4 except for a few packages that where updated after the feature lock. Per se, if you update your system you are probably already using it.

If you want the updated packages you need to add the necessary PPA from the GNOME3 team

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3 && sudo apt-get update

After that you should do an apt-get upgrade to install the missing packages.

It makes no sense to install them individually, but, if that is what you want the current missing packages are: aisleriot, gcr, gnome-disk-utility, gnome-documents, gnome-keyring, gnome-session, libgnome-keyring, seahorse, totem, tracker and udisks2.

Installing them individually will pull out further dependencies for them and so on, in the end it will be the same as just updating your system.


Ubuntu 14.04 : "serious errors were found while checking the disk for / " and after that Linux hangs very often

After looking through all of the existing solutions, The problem was none related to software, instead, it was a Hardware problem.
The solution was simply to replace the hard disk.


cannot get to command line on my ASUS 1015E running Trusty

Have you tried booting into recovery mode?

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RecoveryMode

Or you can hit Ctrl+Alt+F1 to get into a virtual console and run commands from there.


Unable to reinstall ubuntu on Acer One Netbook (can't change boot sequence)

If your laptop is able to boot a usb you can boot linux from a USB using UNetbootin (info here), to install in a ubuntu machine just run in a terminal sudo apt-get install unetbootin. Then download a ISO and install it in your USB using this tool.


Ubuntu starts with 2nd installed text entry language

The last text entry language that you used before you logged out, restarted or shutdown is the text entry language that will be selected on the login screen the next time you login. You can also change the text entry language from the login screen. In fact you may need to change the text entry language at the login screen so that you can type your user password correctly. After you log in the text entry language will be the same as the text entry language that was selected at the login screen.


Problem with referencing a drive with spaces in its label

The correct, best solution would be changing the label of the disk. I too had problem with some disk and needed to do that in Windows (grrrr).

Two solutions:

learn to quote the filenames correctly:

 ls "/media/mark/Seagate Expansion Drive/"

(notice the ") will work. See also http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/bash-quoting or http://www.hypexr.org/bash_tutorial.php#spaces, and yes, spaces in file names are evil.

So for example to write to file in the disk you need to use

dd if=something of="/media/mark/Seagate Expansion Drive/file.out"

or whatever you are using.
create a symbolic link

 ln -s "/media/mark/Seagate Expansion Drive/" /media/mark/mydisk

and use now /media/mark/mydisk. It will work 99% of the cases... if you take care to not use it when the disk is not mounted.

What does not work is trying to rename the mountpoint with mv:

 sudo mv "/media/mark/Seagate Expansion Drive/" /media/mark/mydisk
 mv: cannot move ‘/media/mark/Seagate Expansion Drive/’ to ‘/media/mark/mydisk’: Device or resource busy

because a mount-point semantics are quite different from a plain directory.


Has anyone successfully installed Syspro on Ubuntu?

The place to look for software working with WINE is WineHQ. It has this to say:

  Syspro is an extensive Accounting / Inventory package including P.O.S interface, xml, ODBC interfaces. Written in Cobol. Officially client program cannot run in Linux. BUT, it works with Wine! The SYSPRO product offering includes a choice of more than 40 application modules, ranging from accounting, sales, purchasing, inventory, ABC (Activity Based Costing), Web Services, APS (Advanced Planning, Scheduling), RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization) Remote Site Interface to Engineering Change Control (ECC), CRM/SRM (Customer Relationship Management/Supply Relationship Management), EDI, Bar Coding, and Product Configuration. Server officially can be run in Linux, so that wasn't tested in wine.

And when you click the "version" at the bottom:

PCs used

a variety of machines, including P4 3Ghz with 256 Ram, Celeron 1.7Ghz with 128 Ram, AMD Duron 1100 with 256 Ram. OS was either Fedora3 or Fedora4
Wine compatibility

What works

Reports, queries, everything that was tested worked as soon as "font substitution" was done, and the correct fonts were selected within the program for "List Views"

What doesn't work

fonts need substitution: a key must be added HKLM\Software\ ... \fonts and at HKLM\ ...\ WindowsNT\fontsubsitutes otherwise you get errors about "MS Sans Serif point size:008" not being captured.
Printing also is partially successful. Within the program "Windows Printing" must NOT be selected or the program will crash when you print. INSTEAD, the built-in printers of the program should be selected, and those printers should be set up to "Print to Server", the server then maps an LPT to \client-machine\printer so that reports can be printed.
Last bug, for unknown reason, it was found that one of the many users listed cannot successfully log in, although any of the other users can do so, even on the same machine.

App. version: 6.00 release 8

Wine version: 20050524:

Installs?: yes

Runs?: yes

Rating: Silver


Dell has plenty of Ubuntu Certified Hardware, but the XPS that ships with Ubuntu isn't on the list. Why not?

In the link you provided enable the following options:

Laptops
preinstalled by manufacturer
14.04 LTS
Dell

Then click the Update-button and you will find the XPS13 on page 5.

certification.ubuntu.com


xfce desktop environment ubuntu 20.04 - desktop not loading

Alt+F2 launch compiz. that was it for me


cannot find a way to install php's pecl bbcode exentsion

Type the following commands in the terminal:

sudo apt-get install php-pear
pecl install bbcode

They are same, I hope that helps.


how to change the color of current active terminal title bar color when switching between tabs

What about this way?

Pick a color in http://www.color-hex.com/
Create a file

  vi .config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css

Change the content of this like following

TerminalWindow .notebook tab:active {
background-color: #ffce00; // what you want(or pick)
}


Unallocated small chunks being created in GParted when resizing partitions

That is normal!

Disk partitioning changed a while back to aligning partitions on 1MB boundaries (which improves performance on some modern hard disks and RAID arrays; IBM has an in-depth article on it).
Logical partitions require one sector prior to each defined partition for a necessary data structure.

If you do not want them: change the alignment options. Parted nowadays has options to align partitions to the cylinder, to 1MB marks, or not at all.

2 other methods to get rid them:

Primary partitions do not need the extra sector and can be aligned with no gaps;  MBR only supports four primary partitions, so this isn't an option for all disks.
Switch to GPT (GUID Partition Table): it supports up to 128 partitions by default  and does not require space between partitions.


All you have to do is

restart your computer, and go to your BIOS settings by pressing  esc or delete or another key depending on your motherboard model.

set the BIOS settings to default.

then reboot to Ubuntu and problem solved :D


What is an alternative to PowerDesigner or IBM Rational Rose?

Dia
Dia is a diagram editor that can be used to draw flow charts, UML diagrams etc.


Setting the Coolbits in 20.04 without blowing X

your on the right track it's Option "Coolbits" "13" also my conf file is xorg.conf at /ect/x11 (you can generate one with "nvidia-xconfig") it looks like this
nvidia-xconfig: X configuration file generated by nvidia-xconfig
nvidia-xconfig:  version 455.28
nvidia-settings: X configuration file generated by nvidia-settings
nvidia-settings:  version 440.82
nvidia-xconfig: X configuration file generated by nvidia-xconfig
nvidia-xconfig:  version 435.21
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier     "Layout0"
Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
Option         "Xinerama" "0"

EndSection
Section "Files"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
# generated from default
Identifier     "Mouse0"
Driver         "mouse"
Option         "Protocol" "auto"
Option         "Device" "/dev/psaux"
Option         "Emulate3Buttons" "no"
Option         "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"

EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
# generated from default
Identifier     "Keyboard0"
Driver         "kbd"

EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier     "Monitor0"
VendorName     "Unknown"
ModelName      "Microstep MSI G241"
HorizSync       180.0 - 180.0
VertRefresh     48.0 - 144.0
Option         "DPMS"

EndSection
Section "Device"
Identifier     "Device0"
Driver         "nvidia"
VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
BoardName      "GeForce GTX 1070"
Option         "Coolbits" "13"

EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier     "Screen0"
Device         "Device0"
Monitor        "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth    24
Option         "TripleBuffer" "On"
Option         "Stereo" "0"
Option         "nvidiaXineramaInfoOrder" "DFP-6"
Option         "metamodes" "DP-4: 1920x1080_144 +0+0 {AllowGSYNCCompatible=On}, HDMI-0: 1920x1080_60 +1920+0"
Option         "SLI" "Off"
Option         "MultiGPU" "Off"
Option         "BaseMosaic" "off"
SubSection     "Display"
    Depth       24
EndSubSection

EndSection


cron job set up for odd and even days triggers every day

The cron statement for each script execute on the same days - */2 evaluates to 1-31/2.
See my answer here for more details.
To get alternating days, you could use 2-31/2 for the first script - this would start at 2 and skip every other for 2,4,6 etc.


Sony Vaio SVF1521C5E sound problem with Ubuntu 12.04

I solved the problem upgrading my ALSA drivers:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Audio/UpgradingAlsa/DKMS

Simple and fast. Now the sound works fine!

P.S. For more informations you can see this question:

Sony Vaio Fit with Ubuntu 12.04, sound missing


Google maps brings down performance, even after close

Following the instructions on this page, I have seen a noticeable performance increase in my laptop (using ubuntu 12.04). In short:

Open chrome://flags
Enable Override software rendering list
Restart chromium


First you need to kill all nautilus instances (not as root):

killall /usr/bin/nautilus

This should not show any running instances:

ps ax | grep nautilus

just something like:

4556 pts/18   S+     0:00 grep --color=auto nautilus

Then just change the window size settings in dconf with:

dconf write /org/gnome/nautilus/window-state/geometry "'640x480+0+0'"
dconf write /org/gnome/nautilus/window-state/maximized false

This should resize the window settings.


ubuntu failed to boot after removing /var/tmp

Assuming that the only problem is the missing directory, please recreate it:

using Alt+Ctrl+F2 as you did before, enter the commands

sudo mkdir /var/tmp
sudo chmod 777 /var/tmp
sudo chmod o+t /var/tmp

Ensure that the listing of the directory lists 'root' as owner and group, and that the permissions are as shown below:

ls -ld /var/tmp
drwxrwxrwt 9 root root 4096 Dec 14 19:12 /var/tmp

then reboot the computer:  sudo reboot


Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing

What happened when you tried:

sudo  apt-get update

Have you also tried:

sudo apt-get upgrade --fix-missing

It seems like it is trying to tell you how to fix the problem.  Don't be afraid to give it a try.  If it doesn't work, come back.


Package it
you have to package your application to share with your friends, use debian packaging is the recommended packaging for ubuntu unless it is a phone app.
Alternatively you can create windows like installers using bitrock


Help set up Atheros ar242x/ar542x wireless adapter

If you are in Unity or Gnome from a terminal write: sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf. Then go to the bottom and add: blacklist acer_wmi.
I hope the solution works for you because adding it did nothing for me but it is still worth a try.
Roman