Ubuntu 11.04 and 10.04 hang with black screen while installing from USB disk

Answered by the OP by an edit to his question

  I just answered my own question so in case anyone else is having this
  same problem using similar hardware, do the following:

  When I first tried installing 11.04 I used the recommended universal
  installer tool to create the USB live/installation disk. That caused
  the original problem. Note that I had already downloaded the 11.04 ISO
  and did not use the included downloader from the USB creator.

  After that failed I used the same USB creator but had it download
  10.10 for me. It also failed with the same issue.

  I repeated this process with unetbootin as well for both versions.

  Finally, I downloaded the Ubuntu 10.04 ISO and used the recommended
  USB creator once again. There was an error while creating the USB live
  install so I reformatted the USB key as FAT32 and tried again. It
  created the USB key.

  I then booted from the USB flash drive and selected "Install Ubuntu"
  (exact wording was different). It worked! It took me through the
  process that you see shown in pictures on the Ubuntu website. I let it
  create the appropriate partitions for me and it simply worked.

  I did get a few errors while the system tried to restart after it
  installed. It hung on a terminal-like screen but I pressed ENTER and
  it restarted. I booted into Windows 7, it checked the disks as it
  sensed that I messed with a partition, then it booted into Windows
  normally.

  Now I'm going to uninstall Wubi and update my new full install of
  Ubuntu! I'm excited to get the benefits of a full install now. So in
  the end, hopefully someone can learn from what I did.


You will need to install wine-compholio from a PPA called ppa:pipelight/stable. Basically, it runs Silverlight in a Wine environment. See here: http://www.compholio.com/wine-compholio. Install the package with your browser closed. When you reopen it, you should be able to use Silverlight sites. For Netflix and a couple of other sites you will also need to adjust the user agent your browser sends out.


As it says you have a duplicate in your sources list. How you fix this can depend on the Package Manager(s) that you use. To go straight to the sources list, open a Terminal and issue the command:

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Look for the duplicate. You can disable one by putting a # at the beginning of the line or removing duplicate lines.

http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/partner


Can't install 'libqt4-dev:i386' for skype

Prior to version Skype 4.3, it was available as binary file, so that users can only download the binary file from it’s official and install it manually. But, as of version 4.3, Skype is available in the Canonical Partners repository.

To enable the Canonical Partners repository, go to Software & Updates from Unity dash. Navigate to Other Software tab, and enable Canonical Partners repository.

Click Close, and Reload buttons to update the cache. Then, type the following command to install Skype.

sudo apt-get install skype

Edit

According to http://packages.ubuntu.com/ Edit /etc/apt/sources.list

Add the following line

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main

Save and update
Then run

sudo apt-get install libxss1:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386 libqtgui4:i386

Finally run

sudo apt-get install skype


First after installing openbox, copy the base configuration of openbox to  your own home directory for customization purpose:
mkdir -p ~/.config/openbox
cp /etc/xdg/openbox/* ~/.config/openbox/

now you have a basic configuration to built upon it.

Using command:
Install gmrun or dmenu from suckless-tools package.
sudo apt install gmrun

now open ~/.config/openbox/rc.xml file using an editor:
nano ~/.config/openbox/rc.xml

search for "keybind" and add something like:
<keybind key="A-F2">
   <action name="Execute">
     <command>gmrun</command>
   </action>
</keybind>

to this file, after that run openbox --reconfigure, now using Alt+F2 a prompt asks you for command:

then you can type in your desired command and press enter to run it.

Using GUI
A program which I prefer is xfce4-appfinder, install it using:
sudo apt install xfce4-appfinder

now like before add a keybinding for the command xfce4-appfinder, something like:
<keybind key="A-F3">
   <action name="Execute">
     <command>xfce4-appfinder</command>
   </action>
</keybind>

every time you press Alt+F3 a window look like this will be open:

You can explore programs installed on your machine by category or even searching for their name.
Using right click menu
open this file:
nano ~/.config/openbox/menu.xml

add these lines into it:
<menu id="/Debian" label="">
        <item label="New Item">
                <action name="Execute">
                        <execute>command</execute>
                </action>
        </item>
</menu>

and run:
openbox --reconfigure

now each time you right click anywhere in your right click menu you will have a item named "Debian" which contains all installed applications on your Ubuntu.


I ran into this problem yesterday while trying to install IRAF 2.14 and x11IRAF 1.3.1 on Xubuntu 12.10.  From this helpful post, I realized that the issue was that xgterm needs the following 32bit libraries that were not by default installed on my system:

libx11-dev

ia32-libs

These libraries are in the Ubuntu repositories, so an apt-get should do the trick.


Please note that the repository suggested here is deprecated.  Refer to here for more information.

It seems to be a problem with the (Ubuntu) wine package. Installing both, the wine1.7 and the wine-mono4.5.4 package, from the wine PPA, works.

The steps are as follows:

Remove the (Ubuntu) wine package (if it is installed): sudo apt-get remove --purge wine
Add the wine PPA to the package repositories: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa && sudo apt-get update
Install the wine and wine-mono packages from the PPA (adjust to newer version numbers if necessary): sudo apt-get install wine1.7 wine-mono4.5.4

Thanks to Sneether for pointing out the PPA.


Xbox One Wireless Controller with USB Adapter - Ubuntu 16.04

Not yet. The problem is, the Wireless Adapter is-- in principle-- just a WiFi dongle based on the MediaTek MT7612U chipset. A piece of software is needed that translates network packets into gamepad inputs in a standardized way so they can be processed by any application or game. So the answer is: you will not be able to get it to work right now, but eventually, given some time, it'll work.

For more information, see:

https://github.com/paroj/xpad/issues/14
https://github.com/bytewarrior/xbox-one-wireless-adapter


Why am I still using an older kernel version after upgrading?

Yes 11.10 have version 3. Just open synaptic (I still use it) and mark version linux-image-2xx  for removal and 3xx for installation. Also install the headers for 3xx as in future you might need to compile something that needs it.


Function keys change wrong backlight file on my Acer Aspire One

In lubuntu you can use openbox window manager to create bindings between a key and a action, e.g. to execute a shell script which edits your /sys/class/backlight/psb-bl/brightness. Create a new binding in the rc.xml file, which contains the mappings for your key bindings::

<keybind key="key code">
      <action name="Execute">
        <execute>~/brightnessDown.sh</execute>
      </action>
 </keybind>

You can verify the key code with a tool like showkeys or xev. The content of the file brightnessDown.sh should look like:

backlight=`cat /sys/class/backlight/psb-bl/brightness`;
if [ $backlight -gt 1 ]; then
       backlight=$((backlight - 1));
       echo $backlight > /sys/class/backlight/psb-bl/brightness;
fi


Why ubuntu does not use the kernels installed by automatic update?

You are asking two questions: Why did it happen, and how do I fix it?

What should happen

When the package manager installs a new kernel, the script at /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal marks the previous kernel for deletion the next time the package manager runs. It does work properly for most users most of the time.

The script is rather conservative. It doesn't delete all old kernels, and it errs on the side of leaving kernels in place rather that erroneously delete your current kernel or previous kernel (in case you need to revert). It doesn't scan to see all the kernels you have installed - it just uses the version numbers of the new and current kernels.

Why it didn't happen

There could have been a bug in the script, a different package management problem could have prevented the marking, several user actions could have remarked the package to manually-installed before deletion. The exact cause is unknown and possibly unknowable. It's all a rich tapestry.

How to fix it

Fixing is very easy. You need two pieces of information:

The current kernel (use the command: uname -r)
The other kernels installed (use the command: ls /boot)

Example:

$ uname -r
3.11.0-15-generic

$ ls /boot
abi-3.11.0-14-generic         initrd.img-3.11.0-14-generic
abi-3.11.0-15-generic         initrd.img-3.11.0-15-generic
config-3.11.0-14-generic      System.map-3.11.0-14-generic
config-3.11.0-15-generic      System.map-3.11.0-15-generic
extlinux                      vmlinuz-3.11.0-14-generic
grub                          vmlinuz-3.11.0-15-generic

Ignore all the file names. Look at all the version numbers. You can see from the example the there are two kernel versions installed:

3.11.0-14-generic (can be deleted)
3.11.0-15-generic (the running kernel - do NOT delete!)

So we can delete the old kernel:

sudo apt-get remove linux-image-3.11.0-14-generic

When a kernel is removed, the package manager will automatically remove all those files from /boot and update the grub menu.


E: Package 'openssh-client' has no installation candidate

SSH client is usually installed on ubuntu. No need to install it again. Secondly 13.04 is not supported anymore. Please upgrade to the latest LTS.

If you still want to install, see  How to install software or upgrade from an old unsupported release? answer.


Purpose of "postrotate invoke-rc.d rsyslog rotate" when logrotating, and is this command outdated?

The purpose of the command is forcing rsyslog to reopen the files it's using to write logs. It's used after logrotate moves the old files, so rsyslog starts writing to the new ones.

Example: rsyslog writes most of its stuff to /var/log/syslog. When logrotate kicks in, it moves this file to /var/log/syslog.1 and creates a new, empty /var/log/syslog. But as you probably know (but just in case), rsyslog is not writing to a file named /var/log/syslog, but to a file descriptor it got the first time it opened the file. You can move around the file associated and rsyslog would keep writing to it, because it only knows about the file descriptor. When you move /var/log/syslog to /var/log/syslog.1, rsyslog will keep writing to /var/log/syslog.1, because that's what its file descriptor points to. In fact, you could even delete the file and rsyslog would keep writing. That's what happens when files that are deleted seem to be occupying space: the file descriptors are still opened, and thus the space is not freed. This only happens when the last reference to the file is closed.

The "rotate" argument is meant to force the release of old file descriptors, and to tell rsyslog that it must open the files again, so it gets new file descriptors to the new files and the old ones can be properly disposed of.

As to it being outdated, I'm afraid I don't know. That's what took me to your question O:-) But I believe the problem is that the upstart config is not ready to accept this option. I've replaced it with this, from the man page:

kill -HUP $(cat /var/run/rsyslogd.pid)

Which is what "rotate" did, anyway. Hope that helps.


It looks like the iwlwifi kernel module is not loaded.

Connect to internet an alternative way and run in terminal:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-utopic

and reboot.

If you can't connect to internet an alternative way, then download these files:

http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-lts-utopic/linux-image-3.16.0-51-generic_3.16.0-51.69~14.04.1_i386.deb
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-lts-utopic/linux-image-extra-3.16.0-51-generic_3.16.0-51.69~14.04.1_i386.deb
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-meta-lts-utopic/linux-headers-generic-lts-utopic_3.16.0.51.42_i386.deb

Copy them to your Ubuntu Home folder and run in terminal

sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

Reboot.

If your wifi starts working, run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-utopic
sudo apt-get upgrade

You will have the kernel updated. If the wireless still does not work, run:

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-opt <<< "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1"

and reboot again.


How can I download firmware-b43-installer without internet access?

Download the file b43.zip from this forum thread: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2316899&highlight=b43.zip Transfer it to the desktop of the Ubuntu computer on your flash drive. Right-click it and select 'Extract Here.' Now, from the terminal:

sudo mkdir /lib/firmware/b43
sudo cp ~/Desktop/b43/*  /lib/firmware/b43
sudo modprobe b43

If your wireless doesn't start immediately, reboot.

From your dmesg, it appears that your device also requires the "mimo" firmware files. Please remove the older, unneeded folder from your desktop:

cd ~/Desktop
rm -r b43

On my Dropbox account, I have the newer firmware files. Please download this to your desktop: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/58267392/b43_newest.zip Right-click it and select 'Extract Here.'

Now open a terminal and do:

sudo cp ~/Desktop/b43/*  /lib/firmware/b43
sudo modprobe b43

If your wireless doesn't start immediately, reboot.


What would cause an installed application to not be recognized as such?

First find out what binary will be executed when you run gdb using which command:

which gdb

it's outputs a path like: /usr/bin/gdb then we should search which package installed this file using dpkg:

dpkg -S /usr/bin/gdb

or even:

dpkg -S $(which gdb)

so it gives us a package name like :gdb: /usr/bin/gdb. then remove that package: sudo apt remove gdb in this case.

As an alternative you can just reinstall the older version, first see what versions are available to you:

apt-cache madison gdb | grep -iv sou
  gdb | 7.11.1-0ubuntu1~16.04 | http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages
  gdb | 7.11-0ubuntu1 | http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages

then install the older version it will take care of newer version removal itself:

$ sudo apt install gdb=7.11-0ubuntu1

The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
  gdb
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 downgraded, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.


How to restore online searches in unity after running commands in fixubuntu

Try to set 'all' instead of 'none', using gsettings set.

Use gsettings get to show the current value :

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Lenses remote-content-search 'all'
gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Lenses remote-content-search

So you can keep the disabled one sets by Fixubuntu script and get back remote content search feature.


HP Laserjet Professional P1566 USB printer isn't printing

Welcome to Ask Ubuntu!  Based from what or how your question is written I would suggest the following:

Go to the Ubuntu Software Center
Search for "hplip", or click here: hplip
Install HPLIP (might already be installed)
Connect the printer (USB)
Run HPSETUP (Alt+F2 & enter "hp-setup")
Follow the wizard to setup your printer


Select the System Settings from the icon located on the far right in your top panel. Once there select the Brightness & Lock settings. It will look as I've shown below. Change the "Turn screen off when inactive for" to never, and change the "Lock Screen" switch to off.

In 18.04 it looks like this...


Skype on gnome logout with webcam and screen sharing

Approaches I suggest you to try in your home computer:

Before starting skype:

Create another user in your computer, for test purposes. It will have a clean environment perfect for testing. This will rule out any broken settings in your account. Log in as this user, start skype, and see if it works.
Make sure your webcam is working fine, using annother application. I suggest cheese.. That will rule out any hardware issues. Also test the webcam using the test user you created.
Delete the ~/.Skype hidden folder in your user's home folder. It will reset your preferences, but it may also fix the bug.

Now start skype. It should probably work.

If not, please post any relevant logs and/or messages and I'll help you out.

Good luck :)


Ubuntu video player, central european subtitles

VLC can display Romanian diacritics marks if you go to VLC menu - Tools - Preferences - Subtitles and OSD, and choose from Default encoding section South-Eastern European (latin 10) .

This won't work for integrated subtitles so you can either choose to download Romanian subtitles and load them over the integrated subtitles or use ffdshow codec pack in Windows only to be able to change integrated subtitles default encoding to show Romanian diacritics.

To make sure Romanian diacritics are working 100% in Ubuntu, you should also install TrueType Microsoft fonts. Open a terminal window and type in:

             sudo apt-get install ttf-mscorefonts-installer

and press YES when prompted to accept EULA for installing MS true fonts or these fonts won't be installed at all.

VLC player will be able to use most of these Microsoft fonts after you reboot the system. I recommend Comic Sans MS or Trebuchet MS or any other font that includes MS in its name. These fonts are compatible with Romanian diacritics, and especially 'ș', 'ț' as mentioned in your post.

So, it is important that you don't forget to also select an adequate font in VLC subtitles menu to make sure that your Romanian subtitles will work 100% in VLC player and also in any other video player with eastern european support for subtitles.


how to start firefox or other gui application on windows 7 remotely

The best advice I can give you in this is try using a VNC Server, they can be used on Windows or Linux systems and the clients are also available for linux.

I suggest looking up tightVNC
http://www.tightvnc.com/


what is the difference between /bin and /usr/bin

maybe you can found answer in here

based answer on that link, this is the summary:

/bin

  contains commands that may be used by both the system administrator
  and by users, but which are required when no other filesystems are
  mounted (e.g. in single user mode). It may also contain commands which
  are used indirectly by scripts

/usr/bin/

  This is the primary directory of executable commands on the system.


How to keep a media partition when removing Windows and installing Ubuntu?

When you boot Ubuntu (either from an USB stick or DVD), you can select from three installation methods: Erase everything, Split current OS partition, or a custom setup. In your case, you'll have to go the custom setup route (Select the "Something else..." option). You should make a backup before doing anything else. Partitioning can result in the corruption of some partitions and you may lose data. Now do your partitioning like this:

Find out whether you're using UEFI or not. This is easily found out when the Live System is started. If a GRUB menu shows up, it's UEFI. If a purple screen with keyboard and a man shows up, it's BIOS.
Delete the Windows partition
Create a swap partition about the size of your RAM (if you want to, needed for storage of RAM content, e.g. hibernation)
Fill the remaining space with a new EXT4 partition and set its mount point to /.
If you're using UEFI: Set the boot partition's mount point to /boot/efi
In the selection box below, mark the device you're operating on (most likely /dev/sda) as MBR partition (if on a Legacy BIOS system). If you're running an UEFI system, select the boot partition (probably /dev/sda1, the one with the boot mount point)

After this is done, you can install your system. Afterwards, you could make access to your data partition a lot easier by automounting it. For this you can add an entry into /etc/fstab (open with a text editor using sudo or as root):

UUID=<enter partition UUID here>    /path/to/mountpoint    partition type    options    0    0

You commented that you're using FAT and exFAT for your data partition. If you really don't want to change this to some linux-native, like EXT4, as you're booting Linux only, use something like the following line.  You can get the partition UUID with the command sudo blkid:

#ExFAT
UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx    /mnt/exfatfiles    exfat-fuse    defaults,umask=0000    0    0
#FAT
UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx    /mnt/fatfiles    vfat    defaults,umask=0000    0    0

After a reboot or sudo mount -a, the partition should be mounted at /mnt/files.


how to enable fingerprint log in Dell 5370 laptop in ubuntu 18.04

I had faced a similar issue. After much searching here's how I got it working

  sudo apt install -y fprintd libpam-fprintd

After this reboot.

Goto Settings >> Users and enable fingerprint login.

Finally to use fingerprint for Sudo open terminal and type

  sudo pam-auth-update

Enable Fingerprint authentication.

Cheers!


Will I be able to get an interface that is like Gnome Classic in Ubuntu 14.04?

MATE is a lightweight desktop environment that uses the traditional panel desktop layout used in pre-Unity Ubuntu. The MATE desktop environment can be configured to have either one or two panels. Starting with mate-desktop-environment 1.20 MATE desktop environment has true high DPI support. High DPI will be supported by default in Ubuntu MATE 18.04 and later.
For more information about the MATE desktop environment visit the official MATE website MATE 1.8 Screenshot Tour or the Ubuntu MATE screenshot tour.

From the official MATE wiki.
How to install MATE in Ubuntu 14.04
Open the terminal, and complete the following steps to enable the appropriate PPAs and install MATE 1.8.1 on Ubuntu 14.04.
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-mate-dev/ppa
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-mate-dev/trusty-mate
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-mate-core ubuntu-mate-desktop

Instead of lightdm use lightdm-gtk-greeter for the login display manager as recommended by the MATE team:
sudo apt-get install lightdm-gtk-greeter
sudo reboot

How to install MATE in Ubuntu 14.10 and later
sudo apt-get update

To install MATE choose 1 of the 3 apt-get lines below.

This will install the base packages required for a minimal MATE
desktop.
sudo apt-get install mate-desktop-environment-core

This will install the complete MATE desktop.
sudo apt-get install mate-desktop-environment

This will install the complete MATE desktop including a few extras.
sudo apt-get install mate-desktop-environment-extras

Ubuntu MATE
Alternatively you may choose to install the official Ubuntu MATE release in 15.04 and later.
Ubuntu MATE is a more comprehensive option that offers a slightly tweaked layout, configuration, and themes to integrate into Ubuntu in a more seamless fashion. This will install the complete MATE desktop environment as well as LightDM and numerous other applications to provide a full and well rounded desktop.


HP 250 laptop doesn't recognize Bluetooth

hp@hp-HP-250-G3-Notebook-PC:~$ sudo hwinfo | perl -00ne 'print if /Bluetooth Device/'
sudo: hwinfo: orden no encontrada


Does wget remember which URL has already downloaded on each job?

No, wget is smart enough to keep track of which URLs it has downloaded. It even has a feature to take advantage of this:

-k
--convert-links
After the download is complete, convert the links in the document to make them suitable for local viewing. This affects not only the
visible hyperlinks, but any part of the document that links to
external content, such as embedded images, links to style sheets,
hyperlinks to non-HTML content, etc.
Each link will be changed in one of the two ways:

The links to files that have been downloaded by Wget will be changed to refer to the file they point to as a relative link.
Example: if the downloaded file /foo/doc.html links to /bar/img.gif, also downloaded, then the link in doc.html will be
modified to point to ‘../bar/img.gif’. This kind of transformation
works reliably for arbitrary combinations of directories.

The links to files that have not been downloaded by Wget will be changed to include host name and absolute path of the location they
point to.
Example: if the downloaded file /foo/doc.html links to /bar/img.gif (or to ../bar/img.gif), then the link in doc.html will be
modified to point to http://hostname/bar/img.gif.

Because of this, local browsing works reliably: if a linked file was downloaded, the link will refer to its local name; if it was not
downloaded, the link will refer to its full Internet address rather
than presenting a broken link. The fact that the former links are
converted to relative links ensures that you can move the downloaded
hierarchy to another directory.

You can also verify this easily enough, for example with the following two HTML files:
==> foo.html <==

        bar

==> bar.html <==

        foo

And wget recursively retreiving foo.html with debug output says:
...
bar.html: merge(‘http://localhost:8000/bar.html’, ‘foo.html’) -> http://localhost:8000/foo.html
appending ‘http://localhost:8000/foo.html’ to urlpos.
no-follow in bar.html: 0
Deciding whether to enqueue "http://localhost:8000/foo.html".
Already on the black list.
Decided NOT to load it.
FINISHED --2021-01-29 20:20:29--
Total wall clock time: 0.003s
Downloaded: 2 files, 122 in 0s (16.2 MB/s)


vmware player fails to install but no errors given

Besides doing a complete manual reinstall as described here, consider checking if you've disabled all other hypervisor kernel modules such as

$ lsmod | grep vm
kvm_intel             217088  0
kvm                   610304  1 kvm_intel

and removing them (with sudo)

modprobe -r kvm_intel
modprobe -r kvm


There is a way but only if your Wireless card supports it. If it does you can turn your WiFi into AP Mode. This basically turns your WiFi card into a normal WiFi Router using the Infrastructure archetype. There was already a Question specifically about AP Mode and someone wrote a very nice How-To. You can find it here:

How to setup a wi-fi hotspot (access point mode)?[SOLVED]

If your WiFi card doesn't support AP mode I'm afraid your only option is to get a Mobile Router(or buy an external WiFi card that supports AP). I have one and have found it very useful. I've even used my Ubuntu Laptop to act as a bridge between the Mobile Router and Hotel WiFi. That way I can log into the Hotel WiFi on the Laptop and then another device(like a Roku) without a Browser can connect through the Mobile Router and my Laptop to the Internet.


Find a coresponding software with BvSSHclient on Ubuntu

In case you are looking for an SSH client, you can check out Putty and see whether it meets your requirements.

You can also install it using the Terminal with the following command :

apt-get install putty

Use sudo if required.


How to build and compile a bzr branch for testing

In order to build from a bazaar branch, the command you are looking for is bzr builddeb or bzr builddeb -S for a source package. This is part of the bzr-builddeb  package.

For further information you should check out the Ubuntu Distributed Development documentation and bzr-builddeb's documentation located at:

/usr/share/doc/bzr-builddeb/user_manual/index.html

Specifically:

/usr/share/doc/bzr-builddeb/user_manual/building.html

The bazaar branch and the package in the archive retrieved with apt-get source should have the same contents. The only reason that I can think of as to why they might differ is if the package importer is failing for the specific package you are interested in. There is a site tracking which packages are failing to import.


Web page loading problem on RealTek Semiconductor RTL8168/8111 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet NIC

Facebook and YouTube require 3rd party addons that aren't needed in the Windows world.  Since Google is working there is nothing wrong with your connection.  If you decide to install KUbuntu, on the 1st screen after the welcome screen, check both boxes (Install Third Party Software) and (Download Updates while Installing).

After installing, use Ubuntu Software Center to install the last version of Flash, plus the Chromium browser and pepper flash.


Open a terminal:

Ctrl+Alt+T

see if verarypt is on the path:

which veracrypt

if it is, invoke the binary:

veracrypt

if not, something went wrong with your installation so you may need to check dpkg's logs:

sudo cat /var/log/dpkg.log


I add the follow line at the end of eclipse.ini file:

-Dorg.eclipse.swt.browser.DefaultType=mozilla

It worked for me, I hope you too.


Based on the discussion in the comments and this chat room, you made changed to /etc/environment which broke your PATH. As a consequence, your login manager couldn't find the executables it needed to run in order to log you in. To fix this, edit your /etc/environment file set the correct $PATH:

Hit Ctrl+Alt+F1 and log in from the command line.
Run this command to edit the file:

/usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/nano /etc/environment
Delete anything in that file and replace it with the line below. Make sure there is nothing in the file except this line:

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"

Save the file (Ctrl+O) and exit (Ctrl+X
Return to the GUI login manager with Ctrl+F7 and try to log in again. It should work as expected.


Install the necessary build tools first:

apt-get install build-essential automake

Tip: if you are interested in playing with the top source code, why not take the version included in your Ubuntu environment?

apt-get source procps

Then, to build just the binaries, go into the directory where it was unpacked and do:

debian/rules clean
debian/rules build


GRUB2 issue after removing windows and reinstalling ubuntu

I managed to solve it , it was pretty silly.

I used boot-repair to restore the EFI partition.

I created a FAT32 partition of 230mb at the head of the disk and flagged it as boot using gparted. After this, the boot-repair was still complaining about missing the EFI partition ("Your system boot is in efi mode but no efi partition was found. You might want to try again after creating a efi partition(fat32,~100-200mb,head of disk, boot flag)"

Apparently, it is not enough to have the partition as required by the error message. So just did this:

sudo mount /dev/sda4 /media
sudo mkdir /media/EFI

then boot repair correctly found sda4 to be the partition to installe the EFI grub and all worked fine.

I don't know if it is relevant, but I also installed the package grub-efi-amd64-signed at some point.


If you've installed the snap version before, update it with the command sudo snap refresh discord
Else if you've installed discord from the official website, update it through the following steps.

Go here to download the latest .deb file.
Open terminal and go to the folder where you've download the file.
Install it using sudo apt install ./<package name>


Getting hardware error: Processor : microcode 42 on my new laptop

This issue seems to have been resolved since the bios update to version: 1.1.1.
My machine's bios was updated primarily for a different issue which still persists though.


How to specify icon in lower left corner

Right click on the icon, and pick "Application Launcher Settings."
Then click on the Icon button and select "Choose". Navigate to the icon you want and use that. It looks like this:

The image looks a little funny because I used DistroTest to grab the screenshot. However, that's 18.04 and that's how you change the icon for the application launcher/menu.


how to install software in a new upgrade Ubuntu?

First enable canonical,multiverse repositories in softwares and updates.
Update the repositories,

sudo apt-get update

Then Use software center to install softwares.


Try the pre installed empathy messaging cliant, it can do video calls based on, Google Talk, Jabber and sip.

Noticed you have Kubuntu so

sudo apt-get install empathy

There is also,ekiga,it has a good review in software center, here is its description

  H.323 and SIP compatible videoconferencing and VoIP/IP-Telephony
  application that allows you to make audio and video calls to remote
  users with H.323 hardware or software (such as Microsoft Netmeeting)
  as well as SIP endpoints.

  It supports all modern videoconferencing features, such as contact
  roster, presence status, high-quality audio and video codecs, various
  video resolutions, registering to an LDAP directory, gatekeeper
  support, making multi-user conference calls using an external MCU,
  using modern Quicknet telephony cards, and making PC-To-Phone calls.

  Evolution plugin is in ekiga-plugin-evolution package

Install from here or

sudo apt-get install ekiga

Also see this question for many suggestions. (I did not flag as a dupe as the other question is 4 years old)


I don't know if you still need it but I found a solution to install opera in Ubuntu 11.10 (not beta version) using apt-get at liberiangeek.net by some guy named Richard(I think).
Here is is:
To get started,  press Ctrl – Alt – T  on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the commands below to add Opera’s public key.

sudo sh -c 'wget -O - http://deb.opera.com/archive.key | apt-key add -'

After adding the key, run the command below to add Opera repository

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/opera.list

Next, copy the past the line below into the file and save it.

deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free

After that run the commands below to update your system.

sudo apt-get update

Finally, run the commands below to install Opera

sudo apt-get install opera

Enjoy
You can access the tutorial by this link also.


Why is the notification "File is ready" pops up after every message on TeamSpeak 3 and is so big?

You can use gnome extension Window Is Ready Remover to remove this annoying notifications.

Disadvantage of this solution is that this extension removes it for all programs (not all notifications, only "window is ready")


How can I set hotkeys for script on/off?

If you are using Unity, this GIF will demonstrate the steps:


Data recovery from SSD after reinstalling Ubuntu

If you want to attempt a data recovery, you should immediately stop using the system.

What you should do is boot from a live cd with your disks unmounted and run a data recovery tool. It will require you to plug in an external HDD of at least the same capacity as your drive. It will probably run for hours, and will generate thousands of garbage files which you will have to check by hand.

There are several similar questions (although they overwrote their data with a Windows installation, it is the same problem) that have data recovery tools recommendations in this question and and this one such as testdisk (which I've never used) but you may need to look for tools tailored for SSDs.


Front audio jack not working(Ubuntu 20.04)

Can you try to install pavucontrol?
sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

And, open it (pavucontrol) -> go to the Configuration tab -> make sure nothing is Muted, or that it is correct Input/Output devices
Edit: If you already have pavucontrol installed, and it's still not working:

(If you already had it installed) Try to remove it, reboot, and install it again. (Some tweaking with pavucontrol is probably needed, in the Input/Output tabs)

Hope this helps!


Can not access files in any folder on Samsung Galaxy SII

While USB Debugging option is disabled Samsung Galaxy SII is working as a MTP device and in this case Ubuntu can not see files on the phone. When I enable USB debugging option and connect my phone with USB cable Ubuntu recognise my phone as USB mass storage device and I can access my files.


Customise Ubuntu 12.04 login screen logo with yours

Change the image /usr/share/unity-greeter/logo.png with what do you wish, but keep the same name (logo.png) for the image.

First, copy your actual Ubuntu logo in a safety location, using terminal:

cp /usr/share/unity-greeter/logo.png ~/Pictures/ubuntu_logo.png

Then copy a new logo in /usr/share/unity-greeter/:

sudo cp  ~/Pictures/google_logo.png /usr/share/unity-greeter/logo.png

After a system restart you can see the difference:


Unable to install Ubuntu on Asus EeePC1011CX: BIOS not listing bootable USBs

What is the exact option you are choosing Install ubuntu alongside Windows or Within Windows? Because within windows means wubi installation. If you are booting via usb it should not be wubi install.

For Dual boot:

No nothing can be done from ubuntu side to make BIOS understand the USB. Possibly a firmware bug in vendors firmware. See if there are any BIOS update available.

If updating BIOS / No update is there for BIOS. I would recommend to manually resize windows 7 disk and create partition for ubuntu and install ubuntu into it. In this method you don't need to reboot until installation is finished.

Here is a guide. There are many in internet and this site.


Just add geometry to the command with the values you need:

Exec=gnome-terminal --command /home/noah/bin/clock --geometry=24x24

You can see all options with this command

gnome-terminal --help-all

Output:

Usage:
  gnome-terminal [OPTION?] [-- COMMAND ?]

Help Options:
  -h, --help                      Show help options
  --help-all                      Show all help options
  --help-gtk                      Show GTK+ Options
  --help-terminal                 Show terminal options
  --help-window-options           Show per-window options
  --help-terminal-options         Show per-terminal options

GTK+ Options
  --class=CLASS                   Program class as used by the window manager
  --name=NAME                     Program name as used by the window manager
  --gdk-debug=FLAGS               GDK debugging flags to set
  --gdk-no-debug=FLAGS            GDK debugging flags to unset
  --gtk-module=MODULES            Load additional GTK+ modules
  --g-fatal-warnings              Make all warnings fatal
  --gtk-debug=FLAGS               GTK+ debugging flags to set
  --gtk-no-debug=FLAGS            GTK+ debugging flags to unset

Options to open new windows or terminal tabs; more than one of these may be specified:
  --window                        Open a new window containing a tab with the default profile
  --tab                           Open a new tab in the last-opened window with the default profile

Window options; if used before the first --window or --tab argument, sets the default for all windows:
  --show-menubar                  Turn on the menubar
  --hide-menubar                  Turn off the menubar
  --maximize                      Maximize the window
  --full-screen                   Full-screen the window
  --geometry=GEOMETRY             Set the window size; for example: 80x24, or 80x24+200+200 (COLSxROWS+X+Y)
  --role=ROLE                     Set the window role
  --active                        Set the last specified tab as the active one in its window

Terminal options; if used before the first --window or --tab argument, sets the default for all terminals:
  -e, --command                   Execute the argument to this option inside the terminal
  --profile=PROFILE-NAME          Use the given profile instead of the default profile
  -t, --title=TITLE               Set the initial terminal title
  --working-directory=DIRNAME     Set the working directory
  --wait                          Wait until the child exits
  --fd=FD                         Forward file descriptor
  --zoom=ZOOM                     Set the terminal?s zoom factor (1.0 = normal size)

Application Options:
  --load-config=FILE              Load a terminal configuration file
  --preferences                   Show preferences window
  -p, --print-environment         Print environment variables to interact with the terminal
  -v, --verbose                   Increase diagnostic verbosity
  -q, --quiet                     Suppress output
  --display=DISPLAY               X display to use


How may I improve my boot / shutdown time?

Ok, I have found the problem.
As I was feeling, the 5 seconds waiting on resume and wait-for-root is not normal.

Googling around, I finally found this bug report: 5 second delay on wait-for-root

Essentially, it states that the 5 secs wait is due to a wrong entry in /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume.

It turns out that my swap is encrypted, and I had the initial installation UUID in /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume.
I tried to put the one given by blkid for /dev/mapper/cryptswap1, but it didn't work...

I finally just commented out the entry in the file, and the 5 seconds delay is gone.
Any way, hibernate is not enabled on my system (I think it is disabled by default in Ubuntu). Notice the # at the beginning of the entry.

#RESUME=UUID=3835540d-0cb4-46fc-b39a-de9ff88dcefd

then run:

sudo update-initramfs -u

So here is my latest bootchart:

Much better.
Regarding shutdown, removing rpcbind and modemmanager did the trick. I now have great boot and shutdown times.


Screen sharing option missing from Ubuntu 18.04 (vino installed)

This question is old, but here's an answer:

Log out, and then start the login (select your user name) but before you enter your password, click the gear-icon...then select the "Ubuntu with Xorg" and NOT the "Ubuntu" option.

Log in, and go back to Sharing...you should see "Screen Sharing" there now.


Reinstall Ubuntu wit UEFI for better performance?

The main difference is the faster boot, and  is that UEFI is better in communication with hardware & firmware. Below are some advantages of using UEFI.

Ability to boot from large hard drives
Faster boot-up time
Support for more than four partitions on a single hard drive
Better power managment

On a personal note, I haven't really noticed much difference using UEFI with either a SATA II or III hard drives, but a friend has noticed  a difference using an SSD. If you would like to use UEFI go ahead and take a look at UEFIBooting

Note: In order to install OS in UEFI mode, you have to have a boot device which contains UEFI bootloader.


How to properly erase drive and start over after pv glitch?

If you will be writing another image onto it (Using dd or the graphical USB image writer included in Ubuntu, or some other tool), there is no need to erase anything first, just start over and write the new image directly onto it.

If you want to use it to store files, you can format it using the graphical "Disks" utility, again no need to erase anything first.

However, overwriting the contents with sudo dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sdb won't do any harm either, although i'd recommend using if=/dev/zero, since it may be faster.


How to access my Windows 10 machine from Ubuntu?

I ended up following this tutorial:
http://www.bitpi.co/2015/02/16/accessing-a-windows-share-with-a-raspberry-pi/
On Windows:
The article is for Windows 8, so the network settings UI in Windows 10 was a bit different, but managed to find everything.

turn on network discovery (for the private network only)
turn on file and printer sharing (for the private network only)
choose the folder to share, as well as choose a Windows user to whom the access privileges will be granted to (it can be your normal Windows user), and set up (via checkboxes) which privileges should be granted when accessing via the network
the little sharing setup window will reveal the "network path" of the shared folder, pay attention to that, will need it when mounting

Finding out the Windows machine's LAN IP address is also necessary: the ipconfig command issued in Powershell reveals it.
Extra task:
My Windows 10 does not set up my LAN network automatically as Private (however, the sharing was set up only for private networks).
Launch Powershell with Administrator rights to fix that:
# This will reveal — among other things — the "Name" of the LAN
Get-NetConnectionProfile

# This sets it private
Set-NetConnectionProfile -Name "the value of 'Name' from the previous command" -NetworkCategory Private

On Ubuntu:
Prepare a mount point:
sudo mkdir /mnt/my_windows_stuffs
sudo chown LinuxUserNameHere:LinuxUserNameHere /mnt/my_windows_stuffs

Install cifs-utils, which is sort of a partial drop-in for samba; the smbclient and winbind packages will be installed automatically as its dependencies.
sudo apt install cifs-utils

Mounting with cifs:
sudo mount.cifs //WINDOWS.IP.ADDRESS.HERE/path/on/windows /mnt/my_windows_stuffs/ -o user=WindowsUserNameHere,uid=$(id -u),gid=$(id -g)

Remarks on some select arguments:
//WINDOWS.IP.ADDRESS.HERE/path/on/windows
Note that from the "network path" that Windows suggested (and which contains the Windows machine's name as server identifier), we use only the filesystem path. The machine's name will be replaced by the Windows machine's LAN IP address. It still needs to be preceded by //.
user=WindowsUserNameHere
The above linked tutorial suggested providing an option — in addition to user — for the password too, but that could end up as plain text in ~/.bash_history, which is better avoided.
However, if this password option is omitted, then one will be prompted for it interactively, and it can be entered in a similar fashion as Linux's sudo password.
An additional possibility would be to use the credentials option to point to a file containing the user & password values. This option would be the best fit, when the mount instruction needs to go in /etc/fstab. See more about this in the below linked documentation.
uid=$(id -u),gid=$(id -g)
Without these options the contents of the mounted folder would not be writable, even if on the Windows-side the write permission were granted. It's because even though the mount folder was given to our regular user during our preparation, cifs would still put the content into it as root: all content inside would still be owned by root.
We need to tell cifs to handle the contents on our regular user's behalf.
The options of uid and gid will achieve that. To find out their values up-front, one can run the id -u and id -g commands correspondingly. These will return our regular user's user- and group ID.
This however can be made automatic, with using dynamic substitution in the command itself, as seen in the above snippet.
Note that if Windows is sending ownership information along with the content, the further forceuid and forcegid options (no values needed) might also be necessary.
(I have learned about these latter options from @Huygens' answer on the Unix SE site.)

At this point the desired Windows content should be available in the /mnt/my_windows_stuffs/ directory.
Note that using plain rsync on this mount will be extremely slow. Unfortunately, this is expected. Normal copying however works at reasonable rates.
When done working with these files, the Windows machine can be unbound with:
sudo umount /mnt/my_windows_stuffs/

See more in the mount.cifs documentation.


Run the following commands in terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install kmymoney

control + alt + T  to open terminal


Depends: nginx-common (= 1.10.1-3+xenial2) but 1.10.1-0+xenial0 is to be installed

I ended up purge  those libnginx-mod-... then purged nginxfull and nginx-common.

Then "dpkg -i --force-overwrite" any file that is in the way. Finally restore nginx config files in /etc/nginx (which I backed up earlier of course).

The server was down for like 5-10 mins... but things are done. Thanks Thomas for helping out


Motd Python Script not working with imported libraries

I found the solution myself:
The best way to solve this problem is to create a virtualenv (first install it with sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv)

Then initiate it with virtualenv path/to/env

Activate it source path/to/env/bin/activate

Install all dependencies with pip3

Then in the motd files I just changed the shebang to point at the virtualenv

#!path/to/env/bin/python3


Dual boot with windows 8.1 "write the changes to disks?" problem

Yes this is perfectly Normal. I have installed Ubuntu many times with this message being shown up. It just writes the new partition(s) on the Hard Drive which you want to create.
And No, It will not format you entire Hard Disk, but only the new partition(s) you have created.
So it is perfectly safe to click continue and proceed ahead.


In order to install MS True Type fonts in Ubuntu you have to install the ttf-mscorefonts-installer package:

sudo apt-get install ttf-mscorefonts-installer

After installing the package regenerate the font cache:

sudo fc-cache -fv

Now you can use a bunch of MS True Type fonts in Ubuntu.

Segoe UI font, however, is not part of the ttf-mscorerfonts package, so you have to search and get a segoe-ui.ttf for yourself. (either by extracting it from a windows ISO or installation or by searching through the internet, i guess it should not be too hard to find one...)

When you have our segoe-ui.ttf file, copy it in a foldr called ~/.fonts. If no such folder exists, create it, no problem.

Now again regenerate the font cache: sudo fc-cache -fv, and  voilá. Now you are able to use Segoe  UI font on ubuntu.


This one may do the job:

sudo apt-get install artha

The HotKey is Ctrl+Alt+W. You can just select a word in any software and press the Hotkey combination to invoke Artha, its notification/window will then come up with the meaning


Owncloud desktop client looses password on kwallet timeout

My work-around is to

explicitly close the NextCloud Desktop Client (from the Tray Icon bar)
continue with the login process to kwallet to successfully log in
(re-)start the NextCloud Desktop Client

At least this saves me from loosing my application specific password, which is a pain to reset each time.
For reference it's a known upstream issue:

https://github.com/nextcloud/desktop/issues/1011


How to start Citrix client in Chrome/Chromium?

The following will make Chrome/Chromium open the file directly:

After downloading the ica file, click on the arrow next to the file name (in Chrome). This opens a menu, try the second item: Open, Always open files of this type (click this), Show in folder, Cancel

Next time, it will open the file.


Message "Call to lnusertemp failed (temporary directories full?). Check your installation?" displayed in X before KDM

I had the same issue and found that my /home/USER/.kde folder was owned by root, which was causing permissions issues. After fixing the ownership issues with 'chown', things worked as expected.

Do this in terminal:

cd ~/
sudo chown -R <user> .kde


Ubuntu not booting with a missing /sbin/init

Give a look at this answer Booting ubuntu gives "init not found"


Is it possible to use ext4 native encryption for encrypting home directory?

There is no distro integration of ext4 encryption in Ubuntu as of now. That will hopefully change by 17.10, with full support of ext4 encryption being used for home directory encryption by Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.


How do you control how hybrid suspend works?

I've found than on my device (ASUS 1215b), the resume failed cause the suspen NetworkManager Failed...

After some debbuging, I've found that the dbus_set command on file /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/55NetworkManager failed.
Then, Ive replaced the content of the two functions on that file (suspend_nm() and resume_nm()), with:

#!/bin/sh
# If we are running NetworkManager, tell it we are going to sleep.
# TODO: Make NetworkManager smarter about how to handle sleep/resume
#       If we are asleep for less time than it takes for TCP to reset a
#       connection, and we are assigned the same IP on resume, we should
#       not break established connections.  Apple can do this, and it is
#       rather nifty.

. "${PM_FUNCTIONS}"

suspend_nm()
{
    # Tell NetworkManager to shut down networking
        printf "Having NetworkManager put all interaces to sleep... The AixMaN Way..."
    service network-manager stop && echo Done. || echo Failed.
}

resume_nm()
{
    # Wake up NetworkManager and make it do a new connection
    printf "Having NetworkManager wake interfaces back up... The AixMaN Way..."
    service network-manager start && echo Done. || echo Failed.
}

case "$1" in
    hibernate|suspend)
        suspend_nm
        ;;
    thaw|resume)
        resume_nm
        ;;
    *) exit $NA
        ;;
esac


How to change time in appointments in Calendar to 12 hour format?

Quite simple; Go to System settings --> date & Time --> Clock
 Then you can select the favorite Time Format


Install HPLIP-3.17.10 after upgrade to 17.10

There are two ways to install hplip:

Download a standalone file like hplip-3.17.10.run and run it in the shell. This method doesn't work for me any more after upgrading to 17.10, so I used the other method which works fine for me
Use the trivial solution sudo apt-get install hplip-gui. This worked fine for me in Artful.


Install the cpupower utilities sudo apt install linux-tools-common
This will provide cpupower-frequency-set utility which allows you to set the frequency as well cpupower-frequency-set -f 2500
There is more detail about cpupower here: https://wiki.debian.org/CpuFrequencyScaling#With_cpupower


In the user interface press Ctrl+Alt+F1 or Ctrl+Alt+F2.

Then a command line shows.Type your login account and password.

Type the following commands

 sudo apt-get install gnome
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get upgrade
 sudo reboot

In the login screen change the Desktop Environment(DE) to gnome.Then again back to Ubuntu default.


How to install Grameenphone modem in Ubuntu 14.04

Please type chmod +x install.sh and then     ./install.sh


Just move all your files from your synced local folders to a not synced folder, and the files will be deleted from the cloud too (give it some time to sync). You can check on the web interface to go for sure that all files are deleted:
https://one.ubuntu.com/files/

You can also use the web interface to delete your files from the cloud (be sure that you have backup somewhere else).

You can stop syncing a local folder by right clicking on it in Nautilus (the default file manager), and choose the Ubuntu One -> Stop Synchronizing This Folder option. You can also use the web interface to stop sychronizing a folder: just click on the more button and choose the Stop syncing this folder option.

You can disable the file sync on a machine completely by starting the Ubuntu One Control Panel and remove the tick from the Enable File Sync option under the Services tab.

After you have removed all your files and turned of the file syncing, you can remove your devices on the Account page of the web interface:
https://one.ubuntu.com/account/


This won't draw the pretty lines but...

#!/bin/bash

for _user in `ls /home`
do
    _count=`ls -R /home/$_user/ | wc -l`
    echo "$_user = $_count"
done


Try clear vim and install again:

sudo apt-get remove vim-common
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get purge
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install vim


I just tried this on a virtual Lubuntu machine and it worked.

sudo apt install quake2 game-data-packager

game-data-packager quake2 --package quake2-full-data /home/[redacted]/q2/baseq2

This generated "/home/[redacted]/quake2-full-data_44_all.deb" - it did download some stuff, as you mentioned in a comment.

Installed that with gdebi and the game started up fine with /usr/games/quake2

For the expansion packs

game-data-packager quake2 --package quake2-groundzero-data /home/[redacted]/q2/rogue

creates quake2-groundzero-data_2.02+44_i386.deb, install this, run with /usr/games/quake2 +set game rogue

game-data-packager quake2 --package quake2-reckoning-data /home/[redacted]/q2/xatrix

creates quake2-reckoning-data_2.03+44_i386.deb, install this, run with /usr/games/quake2 +set game xatrix


Use pdfimages

pdfimages is a PDF image extractor tool which saves the images in a PDF file to PPM, PBM, JPEG or JPEG 2000 file(s) format.

It's a part of the poppler-utils package, which you'll need to install.

Usage: pdfimages [options] <PDF-file> <image-root>

option -all will extract images in original format.
option -j will extract images as .jpg (caveat: images are converted and usually size is larger than original)

Example1: The following extracts all images from a PDF file, saving them in their orginal format.

pdfimages -all in.pdf /tmp/out

Example2: The following extracts all images from a PDF file, saving them in JPEG format.

pdfimages -j in.pdf /tmp/out

Will save images from PDF file in.pdf in files /tmp/out-000.jpg (or /tmp/out-000.pbm; see below), /tmp/out-001.jpg, etc.

The pdfimages man page explains:

-j:  Normally, all images are written as PBM (for monochrome images) or PPM for
     non-monochrome images) files. With this option,  images in DCT format are
     saved as JPEG files. All non-DCT images are saved in PBM/PPM format as usual.


Is it possible for Non booting Win OS Sony Laptop to Boot Ubuntu?

Yes, you surely can. You can live boot Ubuntu through a Ubuntu stick or an Ubuntu DVD. You can use a tool like YUMI to create a bootable USB drive.

If you wish, you can take the next step and install Ubuntu. You can find the instructions to do so here.


LXC/LXD and AppArmor: Permission denied; attempted to load a profile while confined?

aa-complain appname will turn off restrictions but still complain and write to logs.

Install

sudo apt-get install apparmor-utils

sudo aa-logprof will look through logs and ask you if you want to enable certain permissions for all available profiles.

sudo aa-cleanprof appname or /pathto/app will wipe the existing profile

sudo aa-genprof appname or /pathto/app will generate a new profile and scan logs for required changes.

sudo aa-autodep appname or /pathto/app will attempt to create a profile and all dependancies for an app.

You can set aa-complain appname then run through the steps that you want to do with the application. Turn it on, shut it down, restart it, reload it, open files etc. Then run aa-logprof to make apparmor look for changes that you can approve or deny.

If that does not work aa-cleanprof appname then aa-autodep appname would be the quickest way to a new profile. If you get a complaint about an existing profile being present, go to /etc/apparmor.d/ and mv it to  profilename_OLD.


you should use something like execigraph.

${color 556B2F}${execigraph 2 ssh user@Bananapi top -bn 1 | awk 'NR>7{s+=$9} END {print s"%"}'}

On local system, styling the cpugraph would be quit easier.


You can use a text-based virtual console to perform configuration changes. Press Ctrl+Alt+F1, then log in. You won't see any *s or anything at all while entering your password. That is by design.

You can then remove slim via the command line, which will reconfigure your other display manager to work again (since you didn't actually remove it). This command will do that:

sudo apt-get remove slim

Or you can reconfigure your other display manager (in this case, gdm) to be the default, while keeping slim installed:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm

(Thanks to Anwar Shah for pointing this out.)

As another alternative, which does not require rebooting, you can manually stop slim and start your other display manager (presumably gdm on this system). slim may well be stopped already, but issuing the stop command will then simply fail, and will not be harmful.

sudo stop slim
sudo start gdm

On later systems, you may have lightdm instead of gdm as the default display manager. Then you'd use sudo start lightdm instead. Similarly, on KDE, you may have kdm, so you'd use sudo start kdm instead.

You've asked how to revert to gdm. If you want to try to fix slim so it works properly, you might want to post another, separate question about that.

Finally, a note on terminology: these are display managers, not window managers.


Lubuntu will not install on my macbook: "grub-efi-amd64-signed failed to install"

It's hard to know what went wrong without more extensive error reporting; however, I have some suggestions for workarounds:

As a temporary measure, you could download the USB flash drive or CD-R version of my rEFInd boot manager, prepare a boot medium, and boot with it. With any luck, rEFInd should enable you to boot into either Ubuntu or OS X. You can then try sudo grub-install from Ubuntu, which might work, or would at least be likely to produce more verbose error output that you could then share.
You could try using the Boot Repair tool, run from the Ubuntu installation disk in "try before installing" mode. One caveat is that you should be sure you've booted in EFI mode before running this tool. You can verify this by looking for a directory called /sys/firmware/efi. If it's present, you've booted in EFI mode; if it's absent, you've booted in BIOS mode. If Boot Repair fails, be sure to post back and include the URL that is presents; that will give us more information about your configuration details, which may be helpful.
You could boot into OS X and install rEFInd to your hard disk from there. Chances are you'll then be able to boot into Ubuntu without needing GRUB. This could therefore be an easy and permanent fix. If this fails, it's likely because of filesystem or partition details, so sharing how you partitioned your disk may be helpful.

Personally, I'd try installing rEFInd from OS X first -- but as I'm rEFInd's author, I'm biased. If you prefer to use GRUB, I'd suggest using rEFInd on a USB drive or CD-R for a one-time boot to Ubuntu and then install GRUB manually; but Boot Repair might do the job more easily in some cases.


Only use Mass Storage devices on a selected USB port - how?

It seems to work for me in Ubuntu 14.04 with 2 flash keys & android phone as storage and usb network adapter & webcam as other type. (I couldn't test placing a usb hub)

Check USB port (which is a parent device for the plugged device)

$ udevadm info --name=/dev/sdc --attribute-walk

  looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.0':
    KERNELS=="2-1.2:1.0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
    DRIVERS=="usb-storage"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceClass}=="08"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceSubClass}=="06"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="50"
    ATTRS{bNumEndpoints}=="02"
    ATTRS{supports_autosuspend}=="1"
    ATTRS{bAlternateSetting}==" 0"
    ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="00"

Create udev rule, matching usb port kernel name without usb-storage driver

/etc/udev/rules.d/90-remove-non-storage.rules

Allow any device that have storage as 1st interface (Composite devices allowed)

KERNELS=="2-1.2:1.0", DRIVERS!="usb-storage", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 1 > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/hub/2-1\:1.0/port2/device/remove'"

Block any device that have a non storage interface  (Composite devices denied)

Actually, Phone gets mounted as modem to /dev/ttyACM0 as KERNELS=="2-1.2:1.1". This will not let phones (composite devices) to be mount only simple storage devices will.

KERNELS=="2-1.2:1.[0-9]*", DRIVERS!="usb-storage", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 1 > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/hub/2-1\:1.0/port2/device/remove'"

Block only interfaces that are not storage  (Composite devices allowed as storage only)

After some search about a way to disable only non allowed interfaces. Driver unbinding seems to work. My phone could only be used as storage, It does not create /dev/ttyACM0.

KERNELS=="2-1.2:1.[0-9]*", DRIVERS!="usb-storage", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo -n %k >/sys%p/driver/unbind'"

Reload udev rules

udevadm control --reload-rules

References:

udev - Linux dynamic device management
Chapter 13. Dynamic Kernel Device: Management with udev
disable specific PCI device at boot
Manual driver binding and unbinding
sysfs descriptions & how to use


MTP connection in Ubuntu 13.10 without no USB 3.0

No, that is a misleading answer.

Most, if not all, MTP enabled devices currently feature a USB 2.0 port. They can technically not switch to USB 3.0 mode and are always served by the operating system of your host computer as USB 2.0 devices (or worse, depending on the USB controller of the host computer, the cable used or other glitches).

When the software (libmtp) cannot find your device, the first step would be to find out if your device is supported by the software. While the libmtp project does not maintain a list of supported devices, searching online for "libmtp supported device" + device name + USB vendor ID and device ID should give you results. If in doubt, just follow the procedures on the project homepage to open a support request for adding a new device.


How to automatically set the pdf title tag with the file name?

exiftool would be my tool of choice for this. First make sure exiftool is installed:

sudo apt-get install libimage-exiftool-perl

Now for the interesting part, assigning the Metadata tag to your filename. exiftool can source the content of metadata fields from other information such as the filename. It can also perform basic text processing steps on the sourced information.

With that in mind we can construct a command that will read the filename, remove the extension, and assign it as the content of both Title metadata fields found in pdf files (PDF:Title and XMP-dx:Title):

exiftool '-PDF:Title<${filename;s/\..*?$//}' '-XMP-dc:Title<${filename;s/\..*?$//}' file.pdf

Quick breakdown of the command sequences:

-PDF:Title< – assign PDF-Title field to what follows after the <
${filename;s/\..*?$//} – use filename and remove extension via a regular expression

Further reading:

http://130.15.24.88/exiftool/forum/index.php?topic=4779.0

http://130.15.24.88/exiftool/forum/index.php?topic=4595.0


The reason for the window glitch is because OpenGL is not able to clear the COLOR_BUFFER_BIT and DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT .

And your version of OpenGL is very old . Update to newest by updating your GPU driver.

Here is a link describing how to add and install drivers for intel using a ppa

https://support.steampowered.com/kb_article.php?ref=5452-IOSM-1474

If you have Nvidia drivers then follow the following youtube video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkKkuzWlaGo

Also a similar askubuntu thread has the similar outdated OpenGl driver problem . Fortunately that is solved

How do I upgrade OpenGL? Intel

Hope that helps ;)


flash and usb drives showing up as RO in GNOME

Do a sudo format of the pendrive once you have saved a security copy of the content and then try it again, the best compatibility goes for FAT32 and not NTFS, hope you found it helpful.


openjdk version 7 was only available in the standard ubuntu repositories for Oneiric (11.10).

Both maverick (10.10) and natty (11.04), only version 6 of openjdk is available.

You have a couple of choices.

First consider upgrading through 11.04 to 11.10.  You are probably already considering this since you are aware Maverick is just about to lose its official support.

Alternatively, you may wish to consider installing Oracle Java - either v6 or v7

How do I install Java?


How do I get the screen to lgo blank in Ubuntu 18.04?

Thanks to @PRATAP for pointing me in the right direction.

Install dconf-editor using

user@server:~$ sudo apt install dconf-editor

Go to /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/power/sleep-inactive-ac-timeout; set "Custom value" to desired time until timeout (I chose 10 minutes, or 600 seconds)

Go to /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/power/sleep-inactive-ac-type; set "Custom value" to the type of action to take. I chose 'blank' to go to blank screen but other options include logout, hibernate, suspend, etc.


How would I install drivers for N900 WNDA4100 wireless adapter?

Props to Chili555 who originally gave these instructions here: http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-2089469.html

Except I had to tweak them some, since the website where you get the driver has changed and the name of the folder extracted has since changed as well.

This will let you download the driver and the usb adapter begins to work and networks appear, my problem is that now that I passed that hurdle, I've been presented with another one, mainly that I can't connect to my router even though the network appears and I have the correct WPA password.  If anyone knows what to do from here I'd be stoked.
Running Ubuntu 12.10 by the way.

You will need to download RT3573 USB here:
http://www.mediatek.com/_en/07_downloads/01-1_windowsDetail.php?sn=5034

Drag and drop it to your desktop. Right-click it and select Extract Here. Now we need to modify two files.

Navigate to os -> linux (you can also open home folder and click search and then type in the file names) and open the file config.mk with a text editor such as gedit (right-click -> open with text editor). Be certain these lines are set to =y:

# Support Wpa_Supplicant
# i.e. wpa_supplicant -Dralink
HAS_WPA_SUPPLICANT=y

# Support Native WpaSupplicant for Network Maganger
# i.e. wpa_supplicant -Dwext
HAS_NATIVE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_SUPPORT=y

Proofread, save and close the text editor. Now navigate to common and open rtusb_dev_id.c with a text editor. Make the change I've highlighted here:

#endif /* RT35xx */
#ifdef RT3573
{USB_DEVICE(0x148F,0x3573)}, /* Ralink 3573 */
{USB_DEVICE(0x7392,0x7733)}, /* Edimax */
{USB_DEVICE(0x0846,0x9012)}, /* Netgear */
{USB_DEVICE(0x0B05,0x17AD)}, /*ASUS */
#endif /* RT3573 */
{ }/* Terminating entry */

All you are doing is adding the highlighted part. All else is unchanged. Punctuation, spacing, brackets, etc. is crucial and must be exact. Proofread, save and close the text editor.

Now we install the necessary build tools:
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic

Now we compile the driver:

cd ./Desktop/20120911_RT3573_Linux_STA_v2.5.0.0_Rev1_DPO
sudo su
make
make install
modprobe rt3573sta
exit

Your device should now be working.


Installing linux as secondary OS on encrypted PC

I am not familiar with Vera Crypt, but given you have a free partition, you can install it there perfectly fine. It's just the partition will not be encrypted anymore, but you can enable encryption in Ubuntu either.

However, if you have a single encrypted partition, and want to break it to two, then everything gets harder. You could probably try reduce the partition size straight with gparted, but it is likely to destroy your data, because it have no way to know where are files resides on the encrypted partition. There is a VeraCryptExpander, but I'm not sure if it can reduce encrypted partition too, or only expand.

So, if you want to break up a single encrypted partition to two, the simplest way would probably be

Remove encryption
Reduce partition size
Create a new partition from the freed size
Encrypt the partition back.


You need to compile it first: first change the current working directory of Terminal to the path of your source file:

cd <path_to_cpp_file>/

Then compile the source file:

g++ myProg.cpp -o myProg

Then you can call the compiled executable from your bash script like this:

#!/bin/bash

# ...
<path_to_compiled_executable>/myProg
# ...


Do you have long-term experience with such a dual-boot setup and can recommend it?

Yes and yes. I started using Dropbox just after it started and have been using the same disk space for Windows and Ubuntu.

  This setup will be my daily driver so it should be reliable. I had some bad experience with dual-boot so I wanted some confirmation that it will work reliable.

It is reliable. Biggest problem with dual boot related problems tends to be the user. I have yet to face any problems with my dual boot. I started with Ubuntu 12.04LTS + Windows 7 and am now on Ubuntu 15.04 + the same Windows 7 where every 6 months my Ubuntu system is formatted and re-installed.

  Minor side question: I found threads that recommend putting the home folder on the shared drive. Are there any long term experiences with that?

I would vote against that. I would keep /home/$USER/ on the same partition as / (there is no need for an /home/ partition anymore). But symlink the directories to the shared directory.

My current setup: 120GB SSD, 1Tb HDD. SSD is split in Windows base (or C:) and / and the HDD holds all the data for both systems where 200Gb is NTFS and the rest ext4. I hardly use Windows 7 (mostly to program my remote :X )


Directory and Subdirectory Rename command special characters in filenames

If you want to apply the renaming recursively to all files within the directory hierarchy under your current working directory, you can use Bash's globstar feature. You need to activate this first. Type the following:

shopt -s globstar
rename "s/\[|\]/_/g" **

In other words, you just to activate the globstar feature, then you can run your command with two stars (**) instead of only one (*). This will match all files in the directory hierarchy under the current working directory, i.e., regardless of how deeply they are nested under the current working directory.

If you only want to rename all files under the current working directory without the risk of renaming matching directory names too, you can use find instead:

find . -type f -execdir rename -- 's/\[|\]/_/g' {} +

This will match all files containing the characters [ or ] anywhere in the directory structure under your current working directory, then run your renaming routine on the subdirectories containing any matching files.


New file in ubuntu kernel ppa repository to install?

No, those files are for ARM processors not x86 or x86-64 processors. You can see that from the armhf at the end and the omap following the kernel version.


The question is mostly vague, not giving us most of the details of what the exact problem is. Here are some suggestions:

If you have a computer with Windows 8 pre-installed, chances are that you need to disable secure boot
If you think you successfully installed it, but can't boot at all, try using Boot Repair


Open terminal Ctrl+Alt+T and run this command:

sudo dpkg -i filename.deb


Is HP Envy TouchSmart 4-1210sg notebook compatible with Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS?

I see that your computer has an 1.8 GHz Intel Core i5 processor and 8 GB of RAM.  In other words, it's a newer laptop with lots of power.  Sure it should work!  If you want to be sure, download Ubuntu to a USB thumb drive, and then boot your notebook from the thumb drive to try out Ubuntu without changing anything on your hard drive.  Then if you want to continue, there will be a desktop icon on your temporary Ubuntu installation to install Ubuntu on the hard drive.  You can have both Ubuntu and Windows installed on the hard drive at the same time, dual-boot style.  Go ahead, try it out, you have nothing to lose but disk space.


In the boot manager, see if you can boot into recovery mode, then try and run in safe graphics mode. Update the video drivers, then restart and see what happens.


Infinite Login Loop after Upgrade to 18.04

Xauthority had the right permissions.

I'm not sure why, but my login problem went away after several restarts.


No menu bar and unity launch after upgrading to 14.04; ccsm cannot start

Since it works for guest user but not your normal user, you can fix this by resetting your home directory:

Switch to virtual terminal with ctrl-alt-f1
Login to your account
Do mkdir ~/bak && mv ~/.* ~/* ~/bak
Logout
Press ctrl-alt-f7 to switch to desktop and log in
All of your old files are in ~/bak.


Can't access directory I am a group member of

Your process has its group list set at login time, so you would need to log in again for the change to take effect.

I would also suggest that you add www-data as a supplementary group rather than the primary one (which is set to a group only you are a member of.  You should be able to do this with the following commands:

# Reset to your original primary group
sudo usermod -g myuser myuser
# Add an extra supplementary group
sudo usermod --append -G www-data group

If you want files you create to be readable by other members of the www-data group, adjust your umask accordingly:

umask 002

Since your primary group membership is a personal group, this shouldn't affect the security of files you create.

It is also worth setting the setgid bit on directories you'll be creating files in: this will cause files to inherit the group ownership of the parent directory:

chmod g+s www/


How to register VLC as a multimedia player in Ubuntu system?

All the applications that are listed in Preferred Applications are registered in
/usr/share/gnome-control-center/default-apps.

To add VLC to the list of media players,

Create a file called vlc.xml in /usr/share/gnome-control-center/default-apps:
Hit Alt+F2 and run the following command:

gksu gedit /usr/share/gnome-control-center/default-apps/vlc.xml

Copy and paste the following in that file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE default-apps SYSTEM "gnome-da-list.dtd">
<default-apps>
  <media-players>
    <media-player>
      <name>VLC</name>
      <executable>vlc</executable>
      <command>vlc</command>
      <icon-name>vlc</icon-name>
      <run-in-terminal>false</run-in-terminal>
    </media-player>
  </media-players>
</default-apps>

You should now see VLC  in the list of multimedia players:


How to find a line starting with 'a' and ending with 'c' using grep?

The problem with this command is that when I use ^ac$ the command interprets it as starting with 'ac' instead of starting with 'a'.

Not really. Since you used the $ anchor, you are searching for the lines which end right after the ac string, so only lines containing exactly single ac and no more characters are matched.

To allow any characters between those letters, use the regex for any count of any characters: .*
(Or if you want to allow just one character like in abc in the example, use . without quantifiers like *.)

By the way, you can simply leave out the option -E for this regex, since it does not involve any syntax that would differ in these two variants.

So the result is:

grep '^a.*c$' newfile


Run ls -l to see how the permissions are set for the folder. If you have sudo priveleges, can you access the directory as root? If so then you just need to change the priveleges of the folder using some combination of sudo chown and sudo chmod. Read the man pages for chown and chmod for some information.


How to write shell script for creating zip ?

Hi & Welcome to AskUbuntu,
Well, I'm not sure why /var/www directory is been owned by root while technically it should be www-data who'll be the owner & the group as default. Nevertheless, the simplest way to achieve this is using below script which I use to compress some of my directories. I'm using tar command instead.
Creating a shell script

open a terminal (with CTRL+ALT+T) & create a new bash file.

type the command nano filenam.sh & paste below (alter the script according to your need).

#!/bin/bash

TIME=`date +%F-%H%M%S`                   # time stamp to the backup file
FILENAME="backuup nam-$TIME.tar.gz"      # defining the format of the file name while backing up
SRCDIR="/home/parth/to/source"           # Location of the backup directory
DESDIR="/home/path/to/destination"       # Destination of the backup directory (where you need to backup)
tar -cpzf $DESDIR/$FILENAME $SRCDIR      # Executing the command

save the script (with CTRL+O & enter). Then exit (with CTRL+X).

Executing the command

Simply run sudo sh filename.sh to perform (sudo will run with root previledge)

You may also add this to a cronjob which will automate the process according to your needs. This bash script append a time stamp and backup on an incrimental basis. Its just a simple script that I took and altered to your ease.
Refer official Ubuntu Documentation on Shell Scripts & bash script which I took from BroExperts.
Hope it helps!


Can not change directory. Completely new at Ubuntu

Most probably you have installed a localized version of ubuntu. That means that 'Desktop' is translatd to the language you chose on install. For german installations this means that the path to Desktop is /home/user/Schreibtisch. For me this is annoying and makes no semse.

You could try to find out like this:

Open a terminal by pressing ALT+SRG+T

In the terminal enter:

find $HOME -type d -maxdepth 1

In the output try to find the folder name that resembles "Desktop" in your local language. Hope it helps!


Where to download and install clickshare luncher for ubuntu 16.10?

There is no official Linux support for ClickShare anymore:

  UPDATE : Support for the Linux client has ended as it requires an enormous effort to support all the Linux distributions and their quick updates, while the usage rate of the Linux client was/is very limited.

However, as described on page 49 of your manual, the software should be available through the web GUI. Depending on the configuration of your device, you might need to ask your local administrator for the file if you don't get/have access to the web GUI.


How do I get nvidia drivers to work on Xubuntu 14.04?

Try with installing the accelerated graphics driver for Nvidia, the xserver-xorg-video-nouveau.

sudo apt-get install nvidia-common


Launch ubuntu.exe from windows cmd in current working dir

You need use command ubuntu run /bin/bash


hibernate does not work on cloned system

Solved it:

update /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume with the correct swap partition
sudo update-initramfs -u


Background

The I/O (copy) operation between two different shares does not take place efficiently on the remote side. Instead, all data is being transferred via the client. This is by design of the CIFS/SMB protocol. I can think of two workarounds.

Use SFTP

SFTP is built-in to SSH in Ubuntu, so you already have it once you have OpenSSH server installed. In Nautilus, you can do this either using the menu or by entering a manual location.

And browse in your file manager as you would using the command-line way as user.

Command-line way: press Ctrl+L to get a textual location bar. Then use this as the location:

sftp://user@hostname

On KDE (Dolphin), it's

fish://user@hostname

Make them one share

If you prefer to stick with CIFS/SMB access, then the only option I see is to make them one share. You can even make it an additional share or have them there just temporarily.

First, make sure they're mounted on a similar level of folders, e.g.

/mnt
└── shares
    ├── disk1
    └── disk2

And then just share /mnt/shares.


Trouble connecting to mysql using php5 LAMP server

Your code has syntax errors right code to use:

<?php
    $dbhost = "localhost:3306";
    $dbuser = "user1";
    $dbpass = "pass1";
    $connection = mysqli_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
    if(!$connection){
        die("connection error " . mysqli_error());
    }
    echo "connected successfully";
    mysqli_close($connection);
?>

Errors:

mysqli_erro() ==> mysqli_error()
dbpass  ==> $dbpass


Where does a file copy to when I scp it?

It's in the current directory. To check you should be able to just do:

ls

Make a note of the directory and it's contents. If the file isn't there, then it's not copied. Make sure you don't have more arguments in that command.

If you have a desktop, this sort of thing can be done via the desktop gui too. You simply mount the ssh server as an sftp from Places > Connect to Server


Hold shift during boot and you will be presented with GRUB menu. Hihglight Ubuntu, press F10 to edit the entry, find word quiet in it and append nomodeset after it.
Ubuntu 13.04 community drivers have real problems with KMS. If this helps, remember it is for one boot only.


Getting wireless working on (K)ubuntu 14.04, HP Pavilion

After a great deal of web-searching and experimentation, I discovered a reasonably straightforward way of activating wireless that doesn't require much extra knowledge.
First, you need to install rtlwifi-new-dkms with

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi
sudo apt-get install rtlwifi-new-dkms

Then you need to upgrade  your kernel from 4.4 to 4.8.  You'll find instructions at Installing Kernel 4.8.17.
Or use these instructions copied from there:
Download the needed packages:

$ cd /tmp

$ wget \

kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.8.17/linux-headers-4.8.17-040817_4.8.17-040817.201701090438_all.deb \

kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.8.17/linux-headers-4.8.17-040817-generic_4.8.17-040817.201701090438_amd64.deb \

kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.8.17/linux-image-4.8.17-040817-generic_4.8.17-040817.201701090438_amd64.deb

Install the Kernel:

$ sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-4.8*.deb linux-image-4.8*.deb

Optional, remove the kernel:

$ sudo apt-get remove linux-headers-4.8* linux-image-4.8*

Then reboot, possibly twice.  When I did it I got a couple of errors but they didn't seem to affect anything.


GPG-Agent / Enigmail stopped working after upgrade to Ubuntu 15.10

I had a similar problem and solved it by installing pinentry-gnome3 (I'm using Gnome Shell, not Unity):

sudo apt-get install pinentry-gnome3


Securely delete browsing history incognito

You've asked to completely wipe your browsing history from your hard drive, so the answer to that can be found below starting from point 1.

You should know however that if you're talking about end-to-end browsing it's impossible to delete your browsing history: If you googled it, Google knows forever; your ISP knows everything you do, your router keeps a log, ... (no deed to go on, right?)

To securely wipe stuff from your hard drive:

Install sudo apt-get install secure-delete

This will give you 4 additional commands:

sfill:  secure free disk and inode space wiper: wipe all free space on your HDD
srm: secure remove: to securely remove 1 or more files
sdmem: secure memory wiper: to securely delete data from RAM
sswap: secure swap wiper: securely wipe data from you swap space

Just delete the browsing history as you would normally do
Run sfill szDriveOrDirectory where szDriveOrDirectory is the mount point or the directory you want to wipe. (I don't use Chrome nor know your system config so cannot tell you the exact directory nor drive)

For more info: man sfill

However HDD and SSD technology has changed a lot over the years: both HDD and SSD's are currently running at their maximum physical operating modes and contain "spare" sectors that get swapped out on-the-fly by their SMART technology as they're degrading and these sectors are unavailable to the OS, hence to the tools above.

Therefore, the only way to 100% securely wiping any hard drive is to melt it down!


Compare two outputs from dpkg --get-selections > output.txt

To show the changes between system A and system B do:

$ diff -u systemA.txt systemtB.txt

This will result in output like:

--- a   2014-06-01 21:44:48.501128132 +0100
+++ b   2014-06-01 21:47:26.450197702 +0100
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+aalib                          install
 accountsservice                    install
 acl                        install
 acpi                       install
@@ -5,7 +6,6 @@
 acpi-support                   install
 acpi-support-base              install
 acpid                      install
-adduser                        install

Lines prefixed by + are packages that were present on system B but not system A.
Lines prefixed by - are packages that were present on system A but not system B.

To find all of the packages that were installed on one system but not the other you can extract the install lines that begin with +:

$ diff -u a b|grep install|grep '^+'
+aalib                          install


LMMS supports the native Linux LADSPA plugin specification and the VST/VSTi standard for Windows plugins. (...) Like all other mechanisms for VST support in Linux LMMS depends on WINE to instantiate those plugins, and WINE's volatility makes it difficult to predict which plugins will run.

Source: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/introducing-lmms-linux-multimedia-studio


I moved `/usr/share/gimp/2.0/` to trash and can't find it

Look in sudo ls /root/.local/share/Trash/files


Why does this apt-get command work in one context but not the other?

The Dockerfile of the base image has the following instruction:

rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

This clears the package lists downloaded by apt-get update. That's why you get the error. To solve this problem, execute apt-get update again in your Dockerfile.


Cannot connect with SSH to my Ubuntu Server that is behind a router

Port forwarded the wrong IP.
Should be the IP of the computer that I try to reach the server with - and not the ubuntu servers IP.
Problem solved.


I agree, this is a bit of an issue but I don't know why it's happening.

The Fix

First things first, just create a symbolic link from called node pointing to the nodejs binary.

ln -s /usr/bin/nodejs /usr/bin/node

The Problem

Quite a few guides I found for installing Nodejs (here and here) all have similar code to test whether the installation happened correctly. So essentially create a simple server like so:

// hello_node.js
var http = require('http');
http.createServer(function (req, res) {
  res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
  res.end('Hello Node.js\n');
}).listen(8124, "127.0.0.1");
console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8124/');

and then run it in nodejs with the following:

node hello_node.js

And then when I was trying to use npm to install something, it was failing and reporting the same node not found message.


Fresh Install of Ubuntu Server 19.04 Has No Internet?

To obtain IP address from DHCP server manually you can run

sudo dhclient enp0s25

To make this solution permanent you should use the corresponding configuration file inside 19.04 for Netplan (see server guide, p. 43) - /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml with the following contents:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp0s25:
      dhcp4: yes

then apply the configuration with sudo netplan apply.

The file contents of /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml above is modified variant of /usr/share/doc/netplan/examples/dhcp.yaml configuration file.
More examples of Netplan configuration are shown in /usr/share/doc/netplan/examples/.


Is it possible to install MySQL 5.5 or 5.6 on Ubuntu 16.04?

Step by step guide* to install mysql 5.5.x on Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial-Xerus. Please see this documentation

OR

See steps below:

Installing MySQL 5.5.51 on Ubuntu 16.06

Uninstall any existing version of MySQL

sudo rm /var/lib/mysql/ -R

Delete the MySQL profile

sudo rm /etc/mysql/ -R

Automatically uninstall mysql

sudo apt-get autoremove mysql* --purge
sudo apt-get remove apparmor

Download  version 5.5.51 from MySQL site

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

Add mysql user group

sudo groupadd mysql

Add mysql (not the current user) to mysql user group

sudo useradd -g  mysql mysql

Extract mysql-5.5.51-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz to /usr/local

cd /usr/local
sudo tar -xvf mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

Create mysql folder in /usr/local

sudo mv mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql

Set mysql directory owner and user group

cd mysql
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql *

Install the required lib package

sudo apt-get install libaio1

Execute mysql installation script

sudo scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

Set mysql directory owner from outside the mysql directory

sudo chown -R root .

Set data directory owner from inside mysql directory

sudo chown -R mysql data

Copy the mysql configuration file

sudo cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

Start mysql

sudo bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
sudo cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

Initialize root user password

sudo bin/mysqladmin -u root password '111111'

Start mysql server

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql.server start

Stop mysql server

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql.server stop

Check status of mysql

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql.server status

Enable myql on startup

sudo update-rc.d -f mysql.server defaults

Disable mysql on startup (Optional)

sudo update-rc.d -f mysql.server remove

Add mysql path to the system

sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/local/bin/mysql

Now directly use the command below to start mysql

mysql -u root -p

PS: One needs to reboot in order for the changes to take place.

Based on a Chinese blog


Highlight the cell with the 15/4/2013 date entry.  Navigate to Format - Cells - Date.  Presumably, the "Format code" is displaying DD/MM/YYYY.  Change this format code to YYYY/MM/DD and press OK.  The subject cell should now display 2013/04/15.

Note that you could use the built-in format 1999-12-31 (Format code YYYY-MM-DD) if the slight difference in the display (hyphens rather than forward slashes) is acceptable.


Check if you have AddKeysToAgent yes option in your ~/.ssh/config.

Then if you have gnome-keyring-daemon and its ssh-agent running (and pointed to appropriate socket: the same as SSH_AUTH_SOCK env) then it should ask you "graphically" for passphrase at first use. There should also be a checkbox allowing you to "Automatically unlock this key whenever I'm logged in", which stores the passphrase in the "login" keyring and is exactly what you want. If it doesn't ask for unlocking passphrase with graphical requester, chances are that

$ ps ax | grep keyring

will show you that daemon or agent is not running. You can check if the agent is enabled in Startup Applications. On my machine it shows "SSH Key Agent" with description "GNOME Keyring: SSH Agent".


Can I run two keyboards and mice in different apps?

you have to use different than mouse control then. There was some attempts to run two mouses simultaneously, but that case was very uncommon for educational purposes. If you connect two mouses, or touchpad+mouse, they will move only one pointer anyway.


Run Terminal commands on boot Ubuntu 16.04

To address booting into the command line,

  Edit /etc/default/grub with your favourite editor, e.g. nano:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

  Find this line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

  Change it to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="text"

  Update GRUB:

sudo update-grub

  For systems that use systemd, (This is an additional step for systemd releases, e.g. Ubuntu 15.04), the steps above for grub are still necessary.

  You need to tell systemd to not load the graphical login manager:

  sudo systemctl enable multi-user.target --force
sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target

  You will still be able to use X by typing startx after you logged
  in.

Please note that all credit is due to the original author here.

Regarding running a command on startup:

All you have to do is add the command to the end of your /etc/rc.local file.

For example, you would add

sudo "/home/yourUserHere/Desktop/folder/Example.sh"


As Gerhard says, it's a problem with the makefile.

In the video, the author has prepared a makefile, and so you need to copy his instructions into your own make file.

I tried his instructions myself and made sure to copy the Makefile exactly, which worked well, so if you check your file carefully for errors, you will hopefully find it. Here's my file, that works, you could save some time by copying it instead.

obj-m += hello.o

KDIR=/usr/src/linux-headers-3.5.0-22-generic/

all:
$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules

clean:
rm -rf *.ko *.o *.mod.* *.symvers *.order

One thing to watch out for with Makefiles, that isn't mentioned in the video, is that in this part

all:
    $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules

The $(MAKE) line must be indented with a TAB, not spaces.


What are the best tool to generate an RTP session?

have you tried Video Lan Client(VLC)

http://www.videolan.org/streaming-features.html


Can't open links from Intellij: "Error KIO Client: Unable to create io-slave. Can not create socket for launching io-slave for protocol 'https'."

I'm not familiar with "KIO Client" and what it is.

But for myself, I needed to force the default Web Browser in KDE. Specifically I followed these steps.

Open System Settings
Under the Personalization section in the left menu, choose Applications then Default Applications.
In the list of Default Applications, choose Web Browser
From the Default Component section select In the Following Application and choose your preferred browser from the list.
Click the Apply button.

For myself, my default component for the web browser was set to In an Application Based on the Contents of the URL -- which seems ideal, but then it doesn't see to resolve HTTPS to any application. I suspect changing this may have other unintended side effects.


Is there a better pdf to text converter than pdftotext?

If you are using pdftotext you can use the -layout flag to preserve the layout of the text on the pages in your input pdf file:

pdftotext -layout input.pdf output.txt


try these steps :

  sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade

then install synaptic:

  sudo apt-get install synaptic

Use aptitude instead of apt-get:

  sudo aptitude install vlc

if you don't have aptitude on your machine yet, get it with:

  sudo apt-get install aptitude


How to align text at center view for PDF

as per the manual page of man mutool

POSTER
       mutool poster [options] input.pdf [output.pdf]

   The poster command splits each page into tiles, and puts each tile on a
   page of its own. It's useful for printing a large page onto smaller
   pieces of paper that can then be glued together to create a large
   poster.

   -p password
          Use the specified password if the file is encrypted.

   -x factor
          Split the page into this many horizontal pieces.

   -y factor
          Split the page into this many vertical pieces.

   The output will have x times y number of pages for each input page.

it justs split the page width into the number of parts you mention.. it knows only the physical size of the paper/ page in x and y direction and splits.. it does nothing nor it does know anything about the text content it it.


How to simplify the command : four same structures?

Use a simple for construct:

#!/bin/bash
for ip in 110.75.186.247 110.75.186.247 203.123.48.218 103.16.199.21; do
    out="$(ntpdate "$ip" 2>/dev/null)" && echo "$out" >>/var/log/ntpdate.log && break
done

Or saving IP addresses in an array:

#!/bin/bash
ips=( 110.75.186.247 110.75.186.247 203.123.48.218 103.16.199.21 )
for ip in "${ips[@]}"; do
    out="$(ntpdate "$ip" 2>/dev/null)" && echo "$out" >>/var/log/ntpdate.log && break
done

Even simpler, get rid of the intermediate variable (thanks @kos):

#!/bin/bash
ips=( 110.75.186.247 110.75.186.247 203.123.48.218 103.16.199.21 )
for ip in "${ips[@]}"; do
    ntpdate "$ip" 2>/dev/null >>/var/log/ntpdate.log && break
done


A list of Linux alternatives to Mobaxterm is found at https://alternativeto.net/software/mobaxterm/?platform=linux but you will need to think about what features are essential vs important vs nice to have, then sift through what you find there. I'd also suggest you scratch off the list any which are discontinued, or no longer supported.