Why I need to add gnome ppa to upgrade/update my Gnome Shell version, when I'm using Ubuntu Gnome?

Yes, it is true.  Ubuntu 15.10 was released with Gnome 3.16, and Gnome 3.18 will not be officially available until Ubuntu 16.04

There are two gnome sites on Launchpad:

if you sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3 then you can sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade and will be at gnome 3.18.  There is also a repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging which brings in more of the Gnome 3 packages, but it not quite stable.

Please note that both sites recommend that you use ppa-purge to remove their packages before you to a distribution update!


How to change the default user name from ubuntu to something else on EC2 AMI

You can use the EC2 user data to do so. Simply launch an AWS instance and place the following in the user data field:

#cloud-config
system_info:
  default_user:
    name: my_user_name

I wrote a detailed article on this process and it is available at https://emagalha.es/blog/2018/01/21/customizing-the-default-user-of-an-ubuntu-ami/


there are many ways of expanding the disk size of a VM.

Once you expanded on hypervisor (doesn't matter what hypervisor is) the next step would be to login into your Vm and do the rest of the operation.

If the Vm is a server, so without GUI/desktop then a combination of fdisk and resize2fs is the best choice if you have normal (non-LVM) partitioning system.

Differently, if you have LVM setup then a combination of pvcreate+lvextend+resize2fs is the best way to do.

http://mwsite.net/2010/04/19/extend-a-lvm-volume-in-a-hyper-v-linux-vm/

If the VM you have is desktop then you can use simply gparted:

http://www.itworld.com/article/2833066/virtualization/how-to-extend-a-linux-virtual-machine-partition-in-hyper-v.html


Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS can't wake computer from sleep/suspend

This is how I fixed it, totally by chance.

I was desperate on Xubuntu 18.04.3, I even reinstalled the system, but when I was about to do a second install, I again totally moved each of the sliders on the System Settings > Power Management > and both inside the labels "System" and "Display".

I am guessing that moving them several times each of the sliders to the max and min values kind of resetted the parameters they change. Try it to see if it fixes your problem as well.

More information in case this could help. I know this is very dumb, but as this is a very annoying known bug, and I fixed it by chance, any help could be valuable.

Right now my settings are like this:

Label "System"
   System sleep mode: Suspend
   When inactive for: Never

Label: Display
   Display power management:
      Blank after: 5 minutes
      Put to sleep after: 10 minutes
      Switch of after: 11 minutes

   Brightness reduction:
      On inactivity reduce to: 69%
      Reduce after: 120 seconds

I hope it helps,

Alex


Log in fails and returns to log in screen

I've just solved this problem for me. It turned out there was probably a problem with certain permissions on my home dir. I remembered changing the permissions on my home dir. Because I have an encrypted home dir I couldn't change permissions on individual files, so I did the following.

alt f2 to get a tty

Login using normal credentials

sudo chmod 755 /home

That solved the problem for me. Now I just have to look for some sane homedir permissions.

EDIT:
Taking it somewhat easier on the permissions


sudo rm -rf <your folder path>

What this command does is force the recursive removal of all files and directories within the specified directory, as well as the directory itself.

Note: Please make sure to backup any needed files, and be very careful when using this command! Using this on any system directory or files will, in essence, destroy your system!


How to split a zipfile into smaller zipfiles

I'm afraid there is no way of doing what you want. if you have a huge zip file, you can split it into many smaller files using split, but then those files will not be valid .zip archives and cannot be decompressed. The format of the compressed archive requires a valid header and when you split the archive, the sub-files you create will not have it.

Think of this like having a very long screwdriver. You can cut this into smaller bits, but only the bit that has the screwdriver's head could still function as a screwdriver. You can't just pick one of the middle pieces and expect it to function as a tiny screwdriver.

I'm afraid you have no choice but to recreate the huge .zip and extract that.


Is it possible for Ubuntu to work with MTK6572 Dual Core ARM Cortex A7 family CPU@1.2GHz processor in a tablet?

You've answered your own question. In your title you say it's ARM which means it's ARM not x86.

There are ARM compatible versions of Ubuntu, but you can't just go installing them on any device as their support abilities are currently limited and it's difficult for end users to do. You can find out more about ARM and Ubuntu here, but there isn't much:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM
http://www.ubuntu.com/partners/arm


Fix text file from double space separated to tab separated

Assuming you want to replace the first sequence of whitespace on a line with a single tab, this would work with GNU sed:

$ sed -Ee 's/[ \t]+/\t/' lexicon
<oov>   <oov>
A       AH0
A       EY1
A''S    EY1 Z
A'BODY  EY1 B AA2 D IY0
...

Add a g after the final slash to change all whitespace runs to single tabs.


Changing Hostname and Serving with Apache

Basically you need to provide domain name service to your network so the computers now how to turn names into IP addresses.

1) Setup a DNS server which you can link aaa to the machine, and get every computer on the network to use this DNS server for resolution.  You can also set it up to cache web entries so it gives a slight performance improvement to your network, and it allows you to add other names in the future.

2) Add to the /etc/hosts file (or hosts on windows) that aaa resolves to a certain IP.  Same immediate effect as above in resolving aaa but no other benefits, if you want to add bbb you'd have to visit each machine again.

The hostname setting is only the name the computer things of itself as, it doesn't help any other computer on the network find it by name.

There is actually a third option, if you're using a custom DHCP server (ie. not a router, but a *nux based daemon) you can pair your DHCP server with your DNS server so when hosts are assigned IP addresses their name and IP is automatically added to the DNS server... this effectively allows connection by the hostname file.

There are some lightweight DNS servers on the market I've not tried, the big two heavyweights are PowerDNS and Bind

Methods 1 & 2 allow you to point multiple names to the same computer, method 3 allows the first name to automatically get registered, but you'd have to manually edit zones (as in method 1) to have multiple domains point to the same machine.


Install Ubuntu on Second Internal Drive fully separate from Windows

My motherboard (Abit IC7-G) bios is set up to allow me to select booting from 1GB usb (which is where I have grub2 for ubuntu 12.0.4 Alternate install CD because of my raid). After booting into grub2 I can hold down shift or use up down key to select which os to startup. Removing the USB can keep most people out of my linux system and the bios automatically selects "boot from other device" when the usb is removed.

If the usb is installed at pc bootup motherboard bios recognizes it and bios allows me to alternately select "boot from other device" instead of boot from usb which is set to raid drive and contains most of my hard drive space (raid spanning which is in other bios settings). This setting boots directly to xp (no grub involved).

The answer may be that it depends upon your bios.
One other thing that I did was to install xp first.
Which makes grub act independently.
If your grub is to be installed on your "D" so that you can dual boot you may be able to set your bios to boot to "D"
For this to work, you may also need to remove the physical wiring connections from your "C" and then install ubuntu to "D".
However, removing "C" means that grub will not ,without some editing, recognize the "C" operating system.
And most likely windows won't be able to see linux, however, when running linux you can see and even edit windows stuff and partitions, etc. Also be careful.
Be sure to completely power off to make any wiring changes.


You should write an script:

#!/bin/bash
java -jar your_jar_file

Save this script as trimmomatic. Then give permissions:

chmod +x trimmomatic

Put this script in your /.../bin


This issue was caused by something that disabled the lockscreen.

As mentioned here I enabled the lockscreen typing:

$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.lockdown disable-lock-screen 'false'

and magically the lockscreen icon appears again and I can lock the screen !


How to completely delete MySQL for clean install

I found a solution at: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25244606/completely-remove-mysql-ubuntu-14-04-lts/28113482#28113482

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/mysql
sudo apt-get remove --purge mysql-server mysql-client mysql-common
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get install mysql-server

During the reinstallation I was prompted for a (new) password.
During the unsuccessful prior reinstallation I let it empty, and mysql kept the old forgotten password of the previous installation, which I thought was empty.


Install (or re-install) the metapackage linux-image-generic. That metapackage is how Ubuntu pushes kernel upgrades.

Check to see if it's installed: dpkg -l | grep linux-image-generic

If the result begins with 'ii', then the metapackage is already installed, and your problem is something else.

Any other result means that it's not installed. Install using apt: sudo apt install --reinstall linux-image-generic


head -n 1 file.csv

or

sed 1q file.csv

or

grep -m 1 '' file.csv

or

awk 'NR==1 {print; exit}' file.csv


How can I make a Ubuntu Live USB with Ubuntu, GParted & HBCD?

Here I got something, taken from pendrivelinux.com

First, install the Multisystem LiveUSB Tool

Download and Open the Script with Ubuntu's Archive Manager
Extract the install-depot-multiboot.sh Script to your Desktop
Double Click install-depot-multiboot.sh from your desktop and select the option to Run in Terminal

Second, how to use it

Insert a USB Drive
Launch the Script via Applications > Accessories > MultiBoot
Select your USB Device from the list and click Validate
Now simply Drag and Drop an ISO into the Window to add the Distribution (repeat the process to add more ISOs)
Once finished, restart your PC, set your boot menu to boot from the USB device, Select the Distro you want to Boot and enjoy!


what are the consequences of redirecting BASH_XTRACEFD to /dev/null?

I have found the following consequence for redirecting BASH_XTRACEFD to /dev/null so far:

echo "test" gets redirected to /dev/null
docker ps get redirected to /dev/null


How do I install Mac for Linux Theme? - Ubuntu 16.04.2

In 16.04, I put themes in Home > .themes

.themes is a hidden folder. You will have to use CTRL + H to view .themes and other hidden folders.

If you try CTRL + H and still do not find your .themes folder, you may need to create one.

Another location for themes is usr > share > themes

I somehow prefer .themes in Home folder for my custom themes though.

Get your Mac looking theme from the link below (it has many options )

https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1167049/


Try the PCM settings in alsamixer - Open terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and type alsamixer:

You may need to select the sound card with F6 first.

Turning up all the other controls may also help


|Ubuntu 16.04| -- booting from USB -- used boot-repair -- error: can't find command 'drivemap'. error: invalid EFI file path

Your manual External drive (on hd1) if no eSATA drive connected. edit if necessary entry uses syntax for a BIOS-mode boot; however, your computer is booting in EFI/UEFI mode. GRUB can't switch boot modes, so the entry you've created won't work.

It's not 100% clear what your problem is. GRUB isn't really designed to redirect the boot process to an external boot medium, although it can do that job if you configure it in exactly the right way. To boot from an external disk, you should normally use the computer's built-in boot manager, which you can access by hitting Esc, Enter, or a function key on most systems. (How to get to the built-in boot manager varies greatly from one computer to another, so I can't be more specific.) If the external medium is bootable in BIOS mode but not in EFI mode, you may need to activate the Compatibility Support Module (CSM; aka "BIOS support," "legacy mode," or something similar) in the firmware's setup utility, too.

You might also want to look into my rEFInd boot manager, which scans for boot loaders every time it starts. Thus, rEFInd can usually detect bootable USB drives when they're available. (There are limitations, though. Sometimes you must hit Esc to have rEFInd re-scan for boot loaders, since USB drives might be registered slowly. Also, rEFInd is an EFI-only tool by default on UEFI PCs; to boot BIOS-mode boot loaders, you must edit the scanfor line in the refind.conf file to activate BIOS/CSM/legacy support.)

If the problem is that you can't boot into Ubuntu, then please edit your question to more clearly state the problem, or post a new question.


Unable to access certain websites on Ubuntu (Facebook, Google, Twitter, etcs)

try

 sudo ifconfig eth0 mtu 1450
 sudo ifconfig wlan0 mtu 1450


Try this:

sudo ifconfig wlan0 down
sudo iwconfig wlan0 mode monitor
sudo ifconfig wlan0 up

then just do

iwconfig

and see if it works.

Note that you should name your device instead of wlan0 if it is different. This was just used as an example. You could and should, if you ask me, install aircrack-ng and rather use the following command:

sudo airmon-ng start wlan0

which will give you an image device called mon0 that will be in the monitor mode while your wlan0 will stay in managed mode. Works much better this way.


How to improve/fix choppy audio when streaming with pulseaudio?

The last section below from: PulseAudio will interest you the most.
Network Setup
There are several different ways to connect to another PulseAudio server (direct connection, tunnel, RTP) or some other network audio device (RTP, RAOP, Rygel).
Note all methods described here stream raw PCM audio over the network. This can use pretty much network bandwidth (around 1.4 Mb/s for CD-quality sound). If you get choppy sound, try setting a lower sample rate for the network stream. Furthermore, even while many WiFi connections can sustain such bitrates, often the jitter in packet latency makes transmitting low-latency audio over a wireless link infeasible in practice.

Direct connection
Just set the environment variable $PULSE_SERVER to the host name of the PulseAudio server. Alternatively you can modify ~/.pulse/client.conf or /etc/pulse/client.conf and set default-server. See Server Strings for an explanation of the format. In this FAQ entry all locations you can specify the server to use are listed. All the methods that connect to the daemon over the network using the native protocol need module-native-protocol-tcp loaded. This includes tunnels and Zeroconf setups. With this module loaded, the server listens on port 4713 for incoming client connections.

Authorization
For authentication you need the same auth cookies on all sides. For that copy ~/.pulse-cookie to all clients that shall be allowed to connect. Alternatively the authorization cookies can be stored in the X11 server. The server must have module-native-protocol-tcp loaded. To enable all audio from all over the network, set the auth-anonymous=1 argument. A more secure options is to manage access to these servers with an IP ACL. This can look like this in your /etc/pulse/default.pa or ~/.pulse/default.pa startup script for PulseAudio:
load-module module-esound-protocol-tcp auth-anonymous=1
load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1;192.168.0.0/16

These two modules are not loaded in the default configuration because they might open PulseAudio for remote attackers.

X forwarding
If the $PULSE_SERVER variable does not exist or is empty, PulseAudio will then check for X11 properties on the root window. These properties are much like environment variables, but will be available remotely if you SSH to another machine with X11 forwarding. You can see a list of PulseAudio related properties by doing:
xprop -root | grep PULSE

The variables names used are the same as those used in the environment, so PulseAudio will look for a property called PULSE_SERVER. Note that only the X11 properties are forwarded over the SSH tunnel, but the pulseaudio client still connects to the server using its own native protocol.
If connecting back to the pulse daemon running on the computer that has the X display is not desired, you can either set PULSE_SERVER=localhost from the SSH connection (make sure module-native-protocol-tcp is loaded though) or run pax11publish -r before SSHing to the remote computer to remove the properties on the root window.

Using a tunnel
With a tunnel you can create a new sink that forwards all audio over the network to another server. For the sink at the remote server the tunnel looks like just another stream connecting over the network. The same holds for sources. See the documentation on module-tunnel for details on the module arguments.
Setting up a tunnel requires a running PulseAudio daemon on the remote server with module-native-protocol-tcp loaded, just like with the direct connection. After the tunnel is set up, client applications connect to the tunnel sink on the local PulseAudio daemon. This has the advantage that you can switch the stream seamlessly between a local hardware sink and the tunnel sink. With a direct connection the client generally has to be restarted in order to switch servers. A direct connection has the advantage that the client has more control over buffering parameters.

mDNS
In order to avoid having to setup tunnel manually between computers on a network, Zeroconf can be used.
Setup module-zeroconf-publish and module-zeroconf-discover manually or use the check box in paprefs.
You can connect to other sound servers running on the LAN by using Zeroconf/Avahi technolgy. Therefore make sure to compile PulseAudio with Avahi support and load the Zeroconf modules on all machines on the LAN. In addition make sure to load the module-native-protocol-tcp and that it allows connections from other hosts, see Authorization above.
#for servers
load-module module-zeroconf-publish
#for clients
load-module module-zeroconf-discover
These modules are not loaded in the default configuration because they might open PulseAudio for remote attackers.

RTP
RTP is the Realtime Transfer Protocol. It is a well-known protocol for transferring audio and video data over IP. Two related protocols are SDP and SAP. SDP is the Session Description Protocol and can be used to describe RTP sessions. SAP is the Session Announcement Protocol and can be used to announce RTP sessions that are described with SDP. (Modern SIP based VoIP phones use RTP/SDP for their sessions, too) All three protocols are defined in IETF RFCs (RFC3550, RFC3551, RFC2327, RFC2327). They can be used in both multicast and unicast fashions. PulseAudio exclusively uses multicast RTP/SDP/SAP containing audio data.
For more information about using these technologies with PulseAudio have a look on the modules documentation.
How can I use PulseAudio to stream music from my main PC to my LAN with multiple PCs with speakers?
On the sender side create an RTP sink:
load-module module-null-sink sink_name=rtp
load-module module-rtp-send source=rtp.monitor
set-default-sink rtp

This will make rtp the default sink, i.e. all applications will write to this virtual RTP device by default. On the client sides just load the receiiver module:
load-module module-rtp-recv

Now you can play your favourite music on the sender side and all clients will output it simultaneously. BTW: You can have more than one sender machine set up like this. The audio data will be mixed on the client side.
How can I use PulseAudio to share a single LINE-IN/MIC jack on the entire LAN?
On the sender side simply load the RTP sender module:
load-module module-rtp-send

On the receiver sides, create an RTP source:
load-module module-null-sink sink_name=rtp
load-module module-rtp-recv sink=rtp
set-default-source rtp_monitor

Now the audio data will be available from the default source rtp_monitor.
How can I use PulseAudio as an RTP based N:N multicast conferencing solution for the LAN?
After loading all the necessary audio drivers for recording and playback, just load the RTP reciever and sender modules with default parameters:
load-module module-rtp-send
load-module module-rtp-recv

As long as the PulseAudio daemon runs, the microphone data will be streamed to the network and the data from other hosts is played back locally. Please note that this may cause quite a lot of traffic. Hence consider passing rate=8000 format=ulaw channels=1 to the sender module to save bandwith while still maintaining good quality for speech transmission.
Can I have more than one multicast RTP group?
Yes! Simply use a new multicast group address. Use the destination/sap_address arguments of the RTP modules to select them. Choose your group addresses from the range 225.0.0.x to make sure the audio data never leaves the LAN.


The 2 options available to make here are:

-j8: This option specifies the number of jobs to run simultaneously. From the make man pages:

-j [jobs], --jobs[=jobs]
   Specifies the number of jobs (commands) to run simultaneously.  If there is more
   than one -j option, the last one is effective.  If the -j option is given  with-
   out  an argument, make will not limit the number of jobs that can run simultaneously.

V=99: This option controls the degree and type of verbosity that you will be exposed to during the make process. This is not specific to make itself but rather to the OpenWrt makefile. In the source see the file include/verbose.mk where the following links are made:

- Verbose = V
- Verbosity level 1 = w (warnings/errors only)
- Verbosity level 99 = s (This gives stdout+stderr)

References:

OpenWrt - verbose.mk


I faced similar issue. This is what I did to fix the issue (on Ubuntu 16.04):

sudo apt-get remove ipython
sudo apt-get purge ipython
sudo apt-get autoremove
pip install jupyter

ipython seemed to be the problem, hence removing it fixed the issue.

I'm now able to run jupyter notebook


you can use for Flow Chart Design:

LibreOffice Draw (Formerly OpenOffice Draw) (You can give it colors to the elements)
Kivio (From the KDE KOffice Suite)
Inkscape

If you are talking about Gantt Flow then

Planner
Dia
Opensched
Umbrello


Why do none of my local servers resolve?

Edit the /etc/nsswitch.conf file.

cat /etc/nsswitch.conf
...
#hosts:          files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4
hosts:          files mdns4_minimal dns [NOTFOUND=return] mdns4
...

That change fixed it for me. mdns is a particular implementation of DNS services which is meant to be faster than DNS. It does not resolve the names correctly and with the [NOTFOUND=return] option standard DNS is never used. This works fine for most of the Internet at large, but for some reason it is not working for our office resolutions.

By changing the resolution to include DNS, I can now ping the domain controller as I expected. As well as the other services we are running on our local office domain.

ping ns1.bidorbuy.local
PING ns1.domain.local (172.16.0.254) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from controler.domain.local (172.16.0.254): icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.394 ms

ping office-blog.domain.local
PING officewebserver.domain.local (172.16.0.252) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from officewebserver.domain.local (172.16.0.252): icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.914 ms


Ubuntu 17.04. install driver for Thunderbolt 3 Dock Ethernet

Support of this device has been added in the 4.13 kernel.

This is the commit.

https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/drivers/net/usb/r8152.c?h=v4.13-rc6&id=65b82d696b9e84fda6dd7df61801b57d3e7fb976

You can install the 4.13rc6 kernel from the mainline PPA


polybar Dropping unmatched character error

The polybar wiki has a guide for debugging font issues.

Step 2 says:

  Check that all the icons you use are available in the fonts used:
  Use gucharmap and enable View > Show only glyphs from this font (this is important), then search (Ctrl-F) for the dropped characters (copy them from the terminal output), then switch to each font in your config, using the dropdown in the top left. If the desired icon never shows up, none of the fonts in your polybar config support that icon. To find a font that provides that icon, we suggest you use the perl script at the bottom of this page.
  Another way is to disable Show only glyphs from this font in gucharmap, the icon should now show up again, if it doesn't you don't have any font on your system that supports that icon. If it does show up, you can hold right click and it will show you the font it's from in the tooltip.

If you follow this step, you will see that those are not FontAwesome icons. Those are from siji. If you want to use that font, you also need to be aware that it is a bitmap font which are disabled by default on ubuntu.
This askubuntu answer can tell you how to do that.


One cannot build a 14.04 image on a 12.04 host. One must use 14.04 to build a 14.04 image.


Upgrading to 18.04 caused issue with php installation

For repairing the damaged php installation, first remove the installed php:

sudo apt-get --purge remove php*
sudo apt autoremove

Then, re-install the latest php (7.2 in Ubuntu 18.04):

sudo apt-get install php

If you'd like to stick to php 7.1 (as 20160303 suggests you have), you may install it from Ondřej Surý's PHP repository:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install php-7.1


12.04 Random sounds sometimes after startup

I was going to suggest updating your driver to the next version which could help, however I discussed your question with a more experienced Ask Ubuntu member on chat and this is what that member's opinion was on your question:

  I saw this one - no good idea. Looks like a looping system sound.
  ALSA sound drivers reside in the kernel. It usually is hard stuff to replace these with proprietary ones.

The audio dev ppa was an idea suggested HOWEVER (BIG DISCLAIMER) more often than not this can cause serious problems with your system due to the fact that they are "in development" and not fully tested so if you do decide to try this, make sure you've got a full back-up and accept that things could break.

In short if this problem isn't causing you serious pain on the ears and I'd live with it until there is a major driver update which I'd install, however until then I personally wouldn't try the audio dev ppa as of yet as its quite risky.

I'd suggest you get the next major driver update and put a bounty on your question afterwards if the problem persists and hopefully someone with more experience/knowledge about hardware and drivers will be able to help you out.


Upgrade went wrong, laptop essentially 'bricked'

If you are upgrading an old netbook, currently running Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, then you should first test with 12.04 LTS from a USB device. If this works, then try a clean install.

If your netbook in now non-responsive, then do try a fresh install of 12.04 LTS.

I have successfully run both 10.04 LTS and 12.04 LTS on an 'old' HP Mini netbook - with Atom processor and 1GB RAM.

NOTE:

You should always backup any data, documents, and important settings before attempting an upgrade. You should also be fully updated, on the current version.
You could have upgraded, directly from 10.04 LTS to 12.04 LTS, but I would not personally recommend this.
As noted by @mikewhatever, you should not be attempting to use 10.10 (or 11.04) ..


unable to mkfs.btrfs ERROR: unable to open /dev/sdc: Device or resource busy

A possibility, that happened to me, is that the hard drive was at some point a component of a software RAID. In such case, even if "deleting" its partition table, and rebooting, there will be some persistent data in the superblock that causes the OS (CentOS 7 in my case) to recognize that and to create an entry such as /dev/md127 in the /dev directory.

Now that I want disk this just to work stand-alone, no more RAID association to it, you'll need to tell the system, such as:

# mdadm --stop /dev/md127

(You may use mdadm --detail /dev/md127 to see metadata beforehand).

After the stop, that metadata is gone, and the disk can be reused.


Doubts about Astah Community with Oracle Java 9 or JDK 1.8

I solved that by removing all JDK and Java's from my PC and installing "oracle-java8-installer" package from ppa:webupd8team/java


GRUB must be reinstalled after each time I boot from a USB

Create a UEFI compatible Ubuntu LiveUSB install drive, and use recovery options from within Windows 10 to boot it. (start menu, type recovery opt and press enter, advanced start up, then use device. This will boot the Ubuntu installer in EFI mode, and thus install Ubuntu in full EFI mode... do not use the default partitioning.

You have to choose the windows boot manager partition to install the grub bootloader. Then you can boot into your Ubuntu install using the recovery options program describe above, and you will see "Ubuntu" in the list as well as your UEFI usb drive as an option... You must change GRUB to be loaded before the Windows Boot Manager to avoid having to load windows 10 before booting into Ubuntu.

This software should be able to change that order for you.
http://www.easyuefi.com/index-us.html


How to run a command with one click, preferably from unity's launcher

First, because you're about not to use terminal, I change sudo to gksu. And then, if you've created a script like this:

#!/bin/sh
gksu openvpn --config /home/ubuntu/Documents/vpnbook/vpnbook-euro2-udp25000.ovpn --auth-user-pass /home/ubuntu/Documents/vpnbook/password.txt

and named it your-script.sh, you can create a file like this (taken from this answer):

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Exec=</Path/to/your-script.sh>
Name=<Enter visible name here>
Comment=<Enter comment here>
Icon=</Path/to/icon/you/like>

For example, you named the file your-launcher.desktop. Place it in ~/.local/share/applications/, open nautilus and drag-and-drop your-launcher.desktop into the Unity launcher.

Besides that, maybe (but I've not tested yet) you can place gksu openvpn --config /home/ubuntu/Documents/vpnbook/vpnbook-euro2-udp25000.ovpn --auth-user-pass /home/ubuntu/Documents/vpnbook/password.txt directly in Exec field of your-launcher.desktop.


Replacing Windows 8 with Ubuntu 12.10 on an Ideapad U510

Honestly any pc could be "bricked" when reinstalling an OS. I'm sure I've bricked and fixed my laptops about 4+ times at least in the past 3 years installing and uninstalling OS's. If you want to be extra safe make a clone of your harddrive in case of any issues. Create a boot USB and boot to USB and 'try Ubuntu' first. If everything functions properly install ubuntu as a dual-boot alongside Win8. Ubuntu will automatically create the partitions you need and resize Win8 safely.

I'm going to say one thing though. 24gb is extremely small to be running Windows... let alone a dual-boot system. Consider upgrading your harddrive.

Hope this helps.


Will everything (downloaded fonts, files, apps etc) remains the same when I upgrade from one release to the next?

Ubuntu distribution upgrades are designed to be done over existing installations, and the process should go fairly smoothly, thanks to the wonders of package management. Files not associated with a package will be left alone, such as the contents of /home, html files you added to /var/www, applications you've installed from tarballs rather than from repositories or .deb packages, and so forth.

Packages should only be removed if they were originally installed as dependencies of other packages, or if they conflict with newly installed packages. Changing default applications -- the change from Rhythmbox to Banshee as the default music application, for instance -- will lead to the installation of the new default application, but not the removal of the old default. Packages that were in the older distribution's repositories, but not in the newer distribution's repositories, will be left in place -- synaptic will list them under the category "Obsolete or Local".

The trickiest thing to watch out for is changes in configuration files -- if you've changed any configuration files associated with packages, you'll likely be prompted about how to resolve any conflicts during the upgrade.

The way package managers handle configuration files is to make a three-way comparison between the previous default config file, the new default config file, and the existing config file. If all three are identical, obviously, nothing happens. If the old default is identical to the new default, but the existing config file is different, the existing config file is left as is, because the rules apparently haven't changed so your choices are still valid. If the existing config is identical to the old default, but the new default is different, the new default will be installed, as you're apparently happy with the decisions the developers made about the defaults. The problematic case is when all three files are different -- you'll need to look carefully at the differences between your existing config file and the new default.


Is it possible to exclude a file or folder from being synced, while it is in a directory that was synced?

Ubuntu One does not currently support this; a workaround would be to move the folder out from the folder it is currently in (and point a symlink at it from the synced folder if necessary), or rename it to something unique and add that name to the 'ignore' pattern list (this second way is rather tricky; please read the note below).

Here's how to do the first: assuming travel is in a directory called misc, and that the subdirectory of travel you don't want synced is called huge, open a terminal (Applications » Accessories » Terminal) , and type:

 cd misc
 mv travel/huge .travel_huge
 ln -s ../.travel_huge tavel/huge

note that .travel_huge is a hidden directory, so you wouldn't normally see it in the nauitlus and file pickers.

Here's how you do the second, asuming the unique name you chose for huge is huge-pics-of-acorn-trees-february-2011: first, edit ~/.config/ubuntuone/syncdaemon.conf (you can use Applications » Accessories » Text Editor) and add the following to the __main__ section (if the file doesn't exist, prepend the following by a line containing just [__main__]):

ignore = \A#.*\Z
         \A.*~\Z
         \A.*\.py[oc]\Z
         \A.*\.sw[nopx]\Z
         \A.*\.swpx\Z
         \A\..*\.tmp\Z
         \Ahuge-pics-of-acorn-trees-february-2011\Z

or you could simply rename the folder to something already covered by the current ignore list, such as huge.tmp or huge.pyc, but I doubt you'll like that.

Please do note, however, that the second method described is rather fragile: make sure you've updated the configuration file and restarted syncdaemon (with u1sdtool -q; u1sdtool -c) before creating the toplevel directory. If the directory already exists, do not move it to the ignored name with the syncdaemon running; rather, stop syncdaemon, rename the folder, edit the ignore list, and start syncdaemon. Alternatively move the folder out of the synced hierarchy, and rename it before moving it back in. Otherwise it might not work as you'd expect it to, if at all.

I understand dropbox has the feature (I've seen a video explaining how to use it), but I haven't checked and it might only be in a beta or something like that.


Honestly, you can just make a root partition and you would be fine. But if you hibernate your computer, you will need the swap space. Also if you do not have a lot of ram, it will be useful to have swap space.

Read this:

https://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/8208-all-about-linux-swap-space


FFe would mean Feature Freeze exception and UIFe would mean User interface Freeze exception.

Features that are added to the development cycle is frozen at some time in order to ensure that the developers focus on fixing any new bugs introduced into the development release. This is Ubuntu's way of quality assurance since Ubuntu has a relatively rapid release cycle compared to Debian's.

User interface freezes are in place to allow translations and documentation team to effectively complete their part for the development release. If there are new features and strings being added to the development release, the work done by translators and documentation team will go obsolete and also ensure that the development release does not have a chance of being fully documented and translated. In order for that not to happen, User interface freezes are in place.

However, for any particular process, there always happens to be an exception and it is not different for Ubuntu's development release cycle. There are several Freeze exception processes in place to ensure that features deemed important still make their way through to the development release and this is achieved through Feature freeze exceptions and User interface freeze exceptions.


configured directory for incoming file does not exist

You can get the path with

gsettings get org.blueman.transfer shared-path

and change it with (for instance):

gsettings set org.blueman.transfer shared-path '/home/toto'


I don't find some of the things I found in synapse before upgrade, has something changed?

According to the changelog, nothing mayor changed between raring and saucy:

  synapse (0.2.10-2ubuntu3) saucy; urgency=low

  Add dependency on consolekit and upower, since we use their D-Bus APIs.

  -- Iain Lane   Wed, 01 May 2013 00:58:45 +0100

  synapse (0.2.10-2ubuntu2) raring; urgency=low

  Added missing lib to link, fixing FTBFS.

  -- Daniel T Chen   Tue, 23 Apr 2013 12:31:31 -0400

  synapse (0.2.10-2ubuntu1) quantal; urgency=low

  Merge from Debian unstable (LP: #965564).
  Ubuntu remaining changes:
  debian/control:

  Build-depends on libappindicator-dev.

  -- Julien Lavergne   Fri, 25 May 2012 23:16:49 +0200


Why does my webcam (light) turn on when i start up my computer after standby?

It is a known bug, and I have the same problem.

Bug report (not mine): https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/566205

Maybe try echo 'SUSPEND_MODULES="uvcvideo"' | sudo tee /etc/pm/config.d/modules_unload? Taken from https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/254825


How to change my UID back in passwd file?

Press shift during boot then select recovery and drop to a root shell.

Now mount the file system read-write

mount -o rw,remount /

So far you are following the instructions on how to reset your password from here

Finally don't change your password but simply edit the file

vipw

To edit /etc/passwd or vipw -s to edit /etc/shadow

Similarly use vigr to edit /etc/group and vigr -s to edit /etc/gshadow

Standard editors such as nano and vim do not check the file structure before saving so may make problems worse.

reboot and all should be OK


What is the name of the icon that comes up (red with white horizontal line) when update fails?

This icon is dialog-error.svg. You can find the 64x64 file in the following folder:

/usr/share/icons/Humanity/status/64/dialog-error.svg

For a quick preview, open a terminal and type:

eog /usr/share/icons/Humanity/status/64/dialog-error.svg


grub-install: this GPT partition label contains no BIOS Boot Partition

Way too late to help you, but this might help someone else who, like me, landed on this page in search for a solution to this problem.
A small partition has to be created on the disk and marked as a code EF02  "BIOS boot partition". Somewhere I read it should be 200MB, I only had room for a 1007.0 KiB one and it worked just the same.


This answer assumes you're using Unity as your Desktop Environment.
From this answer:
Window Placement
If you cycle through the same key Unity will cycle through different placement widths, so experiment by hitting the numkey multiple times, for example Ctrl-Alt-numpad 5 5 5:

Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 7 - Place window in top left corner of screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 8 - Place window in top half of screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 9 - Place window in top right corner of screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 5 - Center/Maximize the window in the middle of the screen. In 12.04 this toggles between maximize and restore state
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 1 - Place window in the bottom left corner of the screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 2 - Place window in the bottom half of the screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 3 - Place window in the bottom right corner of the screen.
Ctrl-Alt-Numpad 0 - Minimize the current window (Ubuntu 12.04.1).


Wired internet (eth0) suddenly stopped working - DHCPv4 timed out!

You can check to see the status of a DCHP update by running this in a terminal:

sudo dhclient eth0 # assuming eth0 is your network adapter

That will try and get the network settings up and going and it will tell you what it's trying to do (so if it does make contact and then fails, you should see the result). If it doesn't make contact, you'll see it going on and on and on.

Before we get too ahead of ourselves though, you should make sure that this isn't a physical issue. That you think the lights are displaying in a strange way should be an indicator that there could be a problem either with the cable or the ports at either end of it. Some tests for you:

Try turning it off then on again.
If you have another network adapter on this computer, try it.
If the router has another port, try it.
If you have a spare cable, chuck it in.
If you have (or can borrow, buy or steal) another computer, try that on this network connection.
Make sure nobody dropped the internet. Okay, that's enough IT Crowd. Sorry, I couldn't resist.

Getting back the woes of DHCP, our DHCP server here sometimes goes flying down in a burst of flames. For the computers that are assigned IPs by it (semi-statically, in that they should always have the same IP), I moved them to fully-static configurations without much hassle.

If it's running Network Manager (as most Ubuntu desktops do) you want a configuration that looks something like the following screenshot. DNS is optional but I find using Google's DNS server lets me troubleshoot one less thing when the router has a hissy-fit. Gateway is probably the most important thing for routing traffic properly.

If it's a server or you've ripped out Network Manager, the manual configuration lives in /etc/network/interfaces so you want to run sudoedit /etc/network/interfaces and paste in a configuration like this one. If you're still running Network Manager, as soon as it starts running, it's going to alter this configuration to whatever it wants to. If you're running Network Manager, use the other config.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.0.4
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        network 192.168.0.0
        broadcast 192.168.0.255
        gateway 192.168.0.1

Same applies to the gateway. Get it right or you can't contact the outside world. As for the IP you pick. In either of these cases, you need to make sure you're picking something that isn't assigned by DHCP. An IP conflict can very quickly knacker any connectivity.


how to split a string from a column using awk

I'd go with:
awk 'NR>1 {print $2}' file \
| awk -F'[_/]' 'BEGIN{OFS="\t"; print "#CHROM","POS","REF","ALT"}{$1=$1}1'

First awk, output the second field only.
Second awk, choose [_/] as field separator, print the new Header and the fields. $1=$1 triggers reorganisation of fields, which is necessary as we change the output field separator to \t.
You may add  | column -t to make the columns in line.

We could do it in one go, but then you need to use split which is more complicated I think.

Output:
#CHROM  POS       REF  ALT
chr1    10203040  T    C
chr1    10203050  T    A
chr1    10203060  A    G
chr1    10203070  C    T


Maybe I found, it was the order of the rules.

I have manually moved all the ALLOW rules down and all the DENY rules at the top in the file /etc/ufw/user.rules and reload ufw, and now the load on my server is MUCH lower .

Maybe that was enough, in the coming days I still looking for blocked IP in my access.log, hoping not to find them.


How to set up automatic translation importing for a particular branch in Launchpad?

It seems that Launchpad can have automatic translations for series only - see Importing templates page


According to this entry on WineHQ, the game works great running on Wine 1.5.14, but you need to install 'vcrun2008' from winetricks.


This question was answered in a comment:

sed may not understand the file:// profile. Try removing that.

– glenn jackman Jul 21 '17 at 10:51
Indeed sed does not support file:// protocol syntax. (Most command-line programs do not.)
Removing file:// from the beginning changed it from a URI to a Unix-style path (/usr/semafor-master/scripts/tokenizer.sed), which fixed the problem.


How to fix Nicotine+ connection status: INVALIDPASS

Changing the username worked for me.
Go to: Edit → Settings → General → Server.
(I guess the reason is typing already existing username.)


Unrecognized option: --version Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine. Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit

Make sure you are really typing:

java --version

If so, try with a single dash like:

java -version


How to install WiFi drivers for HP notebook laptop with RTL8723DE on Ubuntu 18.04?

You are using HP Notebook XXXX series laptop with rtl8723de chipset. To install the driver follow below commands,

git clone https://github.com/smlinux/rtl8723de.git -b 5.0-up

dkms add ./rtl8723de

dkms install rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414

depmod -a

reboot

To uninstall follow below commands:

rmmod -f 8723de

dkms uninstall rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414

dkms remove rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414 --all

depmod -a

reboot


Firefox has a module called Navigator, which presumably was invoking my navigator.desktop file.

I renamed it to anaconda-navigator.desktop and rebooted, and everything now works properly.


I don't know if this applies to you, but I had problems with audio CDs being recognised by some programs using a USB optical drive.

The problem programs were using udev to detect the details of the disc, and it seems that the cdrom_id helper that udev uses was generating larger SCSI commands than the drive could handle.  Since the program didn't add the udev attributes marking the disc as an audio CD, some programs would ignore the disc.

You can test if this affects you by running "/lib/udev/cdrom_id --debug /dev/cdrom".  If your drive is affected, the output will be something like:

main: probing: '/dev/cdrom'
cd_inquiry: INQUIRY: [CHIYOMI ][TSD80Y1 DVD RW  ][D010]
info_scsi_cmd_err: GET CONFIGURATION failed
ID_CDROM=1
ID_CDROM_CD_R=1
ID_CDROM_CD_RW=1
ID_CDROM_DVD=1
ID_CDROM_DVD_R=1
ID_CDROM_MRW=1
ID_CDROM_MRW_W=1
ID_CDROM_MEDIA=1

If the program is functioning correctly, then there should be more debug messages at the start and a few extra attributes similar to the following:

ID_CDROM_MEDIA_CD=1
ID_CDROM_MEDIA_SESSION_COUNT=1
ID_CDROM_MEDIA_TRACK_COUNT=16
ID_CDROM_MEDIA_TRACK_COUNT_AUDIO=16

If this describes the problem you're seeing, you could try replacing the /lib/udev/cdrom_id program with the version from natty as a work around.


How to assign static IP address by MAC address

you could have a script stored on the SSD that contains the mapping of MAC address to ip and sets it using nmcli

nmcli connection add ifname ifname [con-name name] [autoconnect {yes | no}] [save {yes | no}] [master master] [slave-type type]
   [type type] [ARGUMENTS...] [ip4 addr] [gw4 addr] [ip6 addr] [gw6 addr] [-- [+|-]setting.property value ...]

for more details on those params

man nmcli

around line 140


Ubuntu 12.10 crackling and popping sound

A possible solution is disabling "auto-mute" in alsamixer. It is used when the "switch-to-headphone-and-back-again" bug occurs (in high volumes mainly).

First, open your terminal, or press:

CTRL + ALT + T

Then, type and hit "enter":

$ alsamixer

This screen will show up:

Use the right arrow until you select "Auto-Mute"

Then, press the down arrow to set it do "Disable" (see the text above it).

That's it.


Touchpad not working on acer travelmater x483 during and after installation of 12.04

During the login prompt, try to hit Fn+F7 first and test if your touchpad works, then you may now login.

If you're already logged-in and didn't hit the Fn+F7 button, you're obliged to use a mouse because the touchpad will not work. I hope there's an update on this one soon.


can not install wine on ubuntu studio 19.10

Spaces matter:

This one will fail:

deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/eoan main

This one will succeed:

deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ eoan main

See the difference?

Note that when you fix your typos, you might be replacing one problem (typo) with another (duplicate). Duplicates will also cause warning messages (not errors). Delete exact duplicates.


With the update manager constantly updating software, what does it really mean to upgrade Ubuntu?

Unless you've added extra repositories, Update Manager will only offer to install stable release updates, which are updates that fix either high-impact bugs, or security vulnerabilities. Some rare exceptions notwithstanding, they don't provide new upstream versions of software that constitutes Ubuntu.

A distribution upgrade, on the other hand, does: it takes you from one Ubuntu stable release to the next, thus most packages you have installed will typically be updated to new upstream versions.


QtQuick Controls for armfh kit Ubuntu SDK (Ubuntu 15.04)

Don't use QtQuick Controls, or ship the QtQuick Controls you need as part of your application.

Ubuntu provides its own set of QML widgets under the Ubuntu.Components namespace, instead of using those provided by QtQuick Controls.  If you want your app to feel native on an Ubuntu device, you should use those widgets.

If that's undesirable or impossible, you may be able to include the controls you need from QtQuick Controls in your click package.  I don't know how easy this would be offhand.  There may be several layers of dependencies, and it's likely that some are written in C++ and will need to be compiled.


From your details I assume you run a 64-bit Ubuntu host, likely Ubuntu 12.04 beta. It is not clear what version of Virtual Box is installed. The at present most recent Virtual Box release is 4.1.14. Depending on your CPU you also may want to enable it's virtualization features in the BIOS (VT-x for Intel, or AMD-V).

Both, your host, and Virtual Box should be able to run 32-bit or 64-bit Debian as a guest. However support for Linux Kernel >= 3.2. was only added in Virtual Box version 4.1.8.
Let me suggest you try to update both, your host Ubuntu (at present kernel 3.2.0-24), and Virtual Box (see also this answer).
The virtual machine from Virtual Box Manager needs to be set to 64-bit in General -> Basic settings:

In addition, for running 64-guests it is recommended to enable the Input/Output in the System -> Motherboard settings for your virtual machine:

In the System -> Acceleration tab we may want to select the hardware virtualization features VT-x/AMD-V of your CPU if supported.


How to set Desktop to show files and folders from different directory?

After doing a search for the string /Desktop, I found this setting in ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

The setting to change in that file is XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop" and you can use whatever directory you like.  I set it to XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME".

Then log out and back in again.


Commands in script do not run, but in terminal they do

After many more hours of tinkering I have found an unlikely answer.

I created a new blank document and added only the two lines I wanted (without the heading of #!/bin/sh) :

rm -rfv /home/user/Documents/Exercise/*
cp -rfv /home/user/Documents/ExerciseShare/ExerciseFiles/Word/Advanced/ /home/tp3/Documents/Exercise/

I then saved the document, right-click > properties > permissions > execute as program

Bingo!

Thanks to all that helped!


Update Libreoffice and Delete Evolution mail client

Probably, when you uninstalled Libreoffice you uninstalled a lot more with it and probably also the ubuntu-desktop package.

Try sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop to hopefully reinstall the unintentionally removed packages.


Ubuntu 18.04 - Install/Try no mouse clicks possible, and no keyboard input - mouse moves

Does your computer use an NVIDIA?
I also have an acer aspire. Tried to install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS from an bootable usb, got similar problems, no mouse moving etc.
Reinstalled 17.10 and then had the same problems, until i changed the NVIDIA driver. Could upgrade to 18 from there, but kept getting all sorts of problems like this again, because the drivers where changed with the upgrade. After research other people fixed these problems by installing the proper driver. Unfortunately, i haven't been able to fix it.
I suspect this could explain your problem.
I've decided to go for 16.04 LTS and wait a bit longer, to see if this will be fixed in newer updates.


Solved!

The answer was found here.

gksu gedit /etc/fstab

Add the next line as (if you don't know your UUID do a sudo blkid)

UUID=12102C02102CEB83 /media/Store ntfs-3g auto,users,permissions 0 0

Save it and close the file.

If you need to make the directory, which I did

sudo mkdir /media/Store

Then

sudo mount /media/Store

Finally (whatever permissions you want to set)

chmod 755 -R /media/Store

And then make it your own

chown <username> -R /media/Store

Yeah, that took me like 8-10 hours over 2 days to get. And "Store" is for "Storage" :-P


Tab doesn't auto complete on user "minecraft" but completes with root

It will work if you change your shell from sh to bash:

sudo chsh -s /bin/bash $USER

Also, make sure you have the default initialization files in your home directory:

cp /etc/skel/{.bash*,.profile} $HOME


You can try to purge VideoLan PPA and use VLC from official repositories:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:videolan/master-daily
sudo apt-get install vlc

For sure install all new dependencies with

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

If you have aptitude installed you can try

sudo aptitude dist-upgrade


What usually works for me is to sudo apt-get update then sudo apt-get upgrade.

After that restart your system. Sorry if this doesn't work or if you have tried this before.

Also is it a recent install?


Run BootInfoScript (http://sourceforge.net/projects/bootinfoscript/).  The output file (RESULTS.txt) will indicate where grub is located on your machine - something like:

=> Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of
    the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
    for (,msdos5)/boot/grub on this drive.


Package system is broken. How to fix it?

After you get that error, try sudo apt-get -f install to force an install of the files that didn't get loaded because of the error.

Then try sudo apt-get update again, sudo apt-get -f install back and forth until only the package that has the error is left.

sudo dpkg --configure -a

and clean the cache

sudo apt-get clean


No natural scrolling or two-finger right click option in gui and dconf editing not working - Ubuntu 20.04 with Unity desktop

To enable Natural Scrolling in libinput add
Option "NaturalScrolling" "true"

to /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/40-libinput.conf.
It should be added before EndSection to the touchpad section.
Unity desktop GUI app can't use libinput options.
You can switch to synaptics by
sudo apt remove xserver-xorg-input-libinput
sudo apt install xserver-xorg-input-all


How to easily resize images via command-line?

First install ImageMagick via:
sudo apt-get install imagemagick

Open a terminal and run this command:
convert  -resize 20% source.png dest.jpg

It will reduce the size to 20%.
Note that the reduction is not by 20%.
The resulting image will be much smaller, 20% of the former size,
not 20% smaller than before, not much smaller.
You can also specify the size:
convert -resize 1024X768  source.png dest.jpg

You can also use: mogrify command-line tool from the same package.


To find the terminal, just open the dash. (Click the Ubuntu button in the top left corner or press the "Windows"-key on your keyboard.) Then you type in "terminal" and you can open the terminal with a click on the icon.

Now about your network card. It seems like Ubuntu doesn't recognize your network card out of the box. Maybe you just have to install proprietary drivers that Ubuntu can't enable by default for licence reasons. That's fairly easy. Here is a nice guide on enabling proprietary drivers for 12.04 and 12.10. (Not that they changed the process in 12.10.)

Should that doesn't work, please tell us, what network card you are using. To do that open up a terminal and type lspci. That command will display a list of all your hardware. Copy the list and post it here.

Hope I could help!? :)


An update on my own question:
I eventually concluded the problem was exclusively with the particular headset I am using. It is a Jabra headset that is too complicated for it's own good. It has features whereby it can connect to multiple bluetooth devices/computers at once for example. I have tried using the supplied bluetooth dongle (which is marginally better) as well as onboard bluetooth.
this headset has been notorious for me over the last 3 years that I have had it, for audio quality issues, or telling me it is muted (a women's voice states "muted" when in fact it is not, or randomly mutes or changes the tonal quality of the sound when I open an application like Telegram). My speakers on the other hand work just fine. There is something this headset simply does not like when it comes to running on a Linux machine. I am not using any special drivers. Linux simply detects the headset, and it "works" from that point forward.
the good news is that after nearly a week of incurred frustration with the bad audio, it has mysteriously cleared up. I have not changed anything (apart from routine Ubuntu updates)
we can close this question off for now (or at least until this problem rears it's head again). Thank you.
PS. I would be curios to know whether anybody else has had issues with Jabra headsets like this.


I am not sure if your laptop supports this feature, but many laptops and desktops these days will go into a "boot menu" when you press F12 at the boot screen. Does your laptop support that feature? If it does, it usually displays this on the boot screen

I would recommend to plug a USB drive, boot and activate boot menu by pressing F12 or whatever you have there. If USB is recognized by BIOS and is bootable, the BIOS would display it in the list of boot options. If you don't see it in the list, there you go, your problem is BIOS can not read the flash, so maybe you should use a different one.

If a drive is in fact shown in the list of options, see if you can boot it. I imagine if it's working, it should at least attempt booting


it looks like windows was completely removed (where is the ntfs disk?)  do you have a second drive? with windows or just one drive? (/dev/sda is the only drive listed in you log)

if it is just one drive you have to reinstall windows (resize your harddisk and do not delete all.  you can reinstall grub later)


I use xfce-screenshooter on Xubuntu 20.04 (it's part of the default install).
The xfce-screenshooter -r 'select a region' command is assigned to the keyboard shortcut 'Shift+Print'. I believe this is a default.
It's very quick and simple to use - 'Shift+Print', select the area you want, the default action after selection is 'Copy to the clipboard' - so just hit enter and your selection is in the clipboard ready to paste where ever you want.


How does AppArmor deal with non-profiled Programs?

Accrding to the http://wiki.apparmor.net FAQ any program that has no profile is basically unprotected / unconstrained and can do any mischief in Ubuntu, almost in the same way as there would not have been any AppArmor in the first place


Symbolic links for video files doesn't play the video

You have to use an absolute path for the target file (the video, in this case).
Try this instead:

ln -sn /home/$USER/Videos/vfile.mp4 Documents/Symlink/

Also ~/Videos/vfile.mp4 would work because '~' evaluates to /home/$USER.


Not able to remove 'sharing' for a folder already shared?

There's two places where share definitions are held depending on how you created the share:

[1] In /etc/samba/smb.conf itself. Just edit that file and remove the share definition. THen restart smbd: sudo service smbd restart

[2] In /var/lib/samba/usershares. If you did it this way there is a file for every share that you created from your file manager. Deleting the file removes the share.


Checking if vim is installed successfully in Ubuntu 12.04

First, you should know that vim or vi or gedit are just text editors....

You can write a script without using using the text editors, i.e you can just write your script directly in your bash shell.. but you have lastly to redirect it to a file in order to call the script later.

It's better to use a text editor to do such thing and to make easy to edit and maintain your script..

now to know if vim is installed in your system or whatever other application  you can use the following command apt-cache policy <package-name>

Check the answer in the question for more details


Asterisk is treated differently in cp command in 12.04 and 16.04

It's not a case of globbing going wrong, but which files are present in the directory:

No .bak file is present. Then *.bak, unless nullglob is set, expands to *.bak. So the command run is literally cp -p fstab *.bak.
Just fstab.bak is present. Then *.bak will expand to just fstab.bak and cp -p fstab fstab.bak is run. This is what you seem to expect regardless of the files present.
Multiple *.bak files are present (say, fstab.bak and inputrc.bak). So, cp -p fstab fstab.bak inputrc.bak is run. In that case, cp expects that the last argument be a directory, or that a target directory be specified using -t. If not, it will complain.

Don't do dumb things like cp file *.bak, whose results can vary based on the files present. Do you really want fstab to be backed up to iputrc.bak if fstab.bak wasn't present and inputrc.bak was?. If you're too lazy to type the filename, use brace expansion:

cp -p file{,.bak}

Better yet, use version control and etckeeper instead of the frail .bak-copying.


How to write an Upstart script for a background service (db)?

Looks like bin/neo4j start creates it's own daemon process that upstart loses sight of. If you use bin/neo4j console upstart will be able to keep track of it like a normal process.


Finding a C struct or header in man pages?

To find these, it's helpful to use, for example, apropos socket to see which man pages may correspond to the information you desire. In this case, it's man 7 unix:

#define UNIX_PATH_MAX    108
struct sockaddr_un {
    sa_family_t sun_family;               /* AF_UNIX */
    char        sun_path[UNIX_PATH_MAX];  /* pathname */
};

Is this what you were looking for?


Sure, you can use the software called "System Monitor" to find such information.


Why access denied for user root right after I set up its password?

Found the answer and maybe it's useful to somebody else.

The thing is that, even after uninstalling the mysql server in order to install it again and try it over, the system didn't allow me to create a password.

So I did uninstall it using sudo apt-get remove mysql-server and after that sudo apt-get autoremove, but that wasn't enough. The error was still there.

What it did solve the issue was:

sudo apt-get remove --purge mysql-server mysql-client mysql-common
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

After that I started all over, and it was a clean install:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

And the system asked me to set a password before the installation was over.


oowriter is open office writer. Open Office is a 3rd party application (and that explains why you can not find it).

What you want is lowriter. Libre office is installed by default and that is the equivalent of oowriter.

By the way: you should have seen a warning when you use oowriter:

$ oowriter -pt PDF ./*.odt
No command 'oowriter' found, did you mean:
 Command 'lowriter' from package 'libreoffice-writer' (main)
oowriter: command not found


no wired connection after upgrade to 16.04

To resolve this I've just changed the reference from eth0 to enp2s0 (or what ever your interface is named) in /etc/network/interfaces.  There may be a better way but it worked.


Insert or connect the Ubuntu live media (DVD or USB).
Find out how to boot your computer from removable media.

Note that there is a difference between booting of older computers (BIOS/MBR) and newer ones designed for Windows 8 and later releases (UEFI/GPT).

Reboot the computer from live media and choose Try Ubuntu when asked.

Try Ubuntu

Connect to the internet, then open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+t, paste the following commands and run them by pressing Enter:

sudo apt install software-properties-common; \
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair; \
sudo apt-get update; \
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair
Note: You copy and run them all at once. If you want to run them individually just remove the trailing "; \".

That's it, the Boot-Repair window will appear!

duplicate of How to install the Boot-Repair tool in an Ubuntu live disc?


The new Kernel has moved linux/autoconf.h to generated/autoconf.h (hint). I don't really know the technical reasoning for this but anything that includes this in the VirtualBox host module source, needs editing.

Thankfully fixing it is just a case of swapping out the strings:

sudo find /usr/share/virtualbox/src/vboxhost -name '*.h' -exec perl -pi -w -e 's/linux\/autoconf/generated\/autoconf/g;' {} \;
sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup

Of course this change might not be permanent in the Linux Kernel. Things could go back and that would squiffy your ability to compile in the future so if you need to do the opposite in the future, here it is:

sudo find /usr/share/virtualbox/src/vboxhost -name '*.h' -exec perl -pi -w -e 's/generated\/autoconf/linux\/autoconf/g;' {} \;
sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup


Simplest way to check "is app running for the first time"

A common way is to create a dotfile in the user's home directory: if the file does not exist, then the program is run for the first time (or the user has requested that the program behave as if it were run for the first time, by manually deleting the file). If its sole purpose is to perform this check, the file can be empty, but usually dotfiles also serve as configuration files. For example, the Zsh shell prints this if the configuration file ~/.zshrc does not exist when it starts:

This is the Z Shell configuration function for new users,
zsh-newuser-install.
You are seeing this message because you have no zsh startup files
(the files .zshenv, .zprofile, .zshrc, .zlogin in the directory
~).  This function can help you with a few settings that should
make your use of the shell easier.

You can:

(q)  Quit and do nothing.  The function will be run again next time.

(0)  Exit, creating the file ~/.zshrc containing just a comment.
     That will prevent this function being run again.

(1)  Continue to the main menu.

(2)  Populate your ~/.zshrc with the configuration recommended
     by the system administrator and exit (you will need to edit
     the file by hand, if so desired).

--- Type one of the keys in parentheses ---


You don’t need to install man pages manually, they are installed together with the command they describe. In the case of ls the program as well as the man page are part of the coreutils package, see the package’s file list or the output of dpkg -L coreutils:
$ dpkg -L coreutils | grep [^a-z]ls
/bin/ls
/usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz

If the man page wasn’t installed properly for any reason, just reinstall the package:
sudo apt install --reinstall PACKAGE

Though that is done automatically anytime a man page is added in the installation of a package, you can also update the database of man pages:
sudo mandb

If a command you seek help for is installed but has no man page, its help may be available elsewhere, see How can I get help on terminal commands? for alternatives.
If you want to install a man page without the corresponding package I recommend using dman as explaned in this answer.


How can I quickly copy a GPT partition scheme from one hard drive to another?

Install gdisk which is available in the Ubuntu Universe repositories.

Then use the sgdisk command (man page here) to replicate the partition table:

sgdisk /dev/sdX -R /dev/sdY
sgdisk -G /dev/sdY

The first command copies the partition table of sdX to sdY (be careful not to mix these up). The second command randomizes the GUID on the disk and all the partitions. This is only necessary if the disks are to be used in the same machine, otherwise it's unnecessary.


What's size of upgrading from desktop? in update manager app?

It will depend what or how much files you need to Upgrade. Suppose you have Open Office and you have never Upgraded it to the latest version, then On Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Upgrade, it will add an extra burden of Upgrading Open Office.


The man-page for Snap'ed htop is already installed into /snap/htop/current/usr/local/share/man/man1/htop.1 . You can access it using
man htop -M /snap/htop/current/usr/local/share/man/man1/htop.1

which is strange.
I have reported this as a bug at https://github.com/maxiberta/htop-snap/issues/11 .

Notes and thoughts:

The most official online manpage is here http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hirsute/en/man1/htop.1.html
Using Snap for system management app is irrational. Better way is to remove it and use deb-based version - snap remove htop followed by sudo apt-get install htop .


How do I get my Acer C720 to boot into 12.04 Cinnamon on startup?

If you are attempting to install Ubuntu on a chromebook, here is the best guide to doing so:

http://lifehacker.com/how-to-install-linux-on-a-chromebook-and-unlock-its-ful-509039343

I am not sure where you got the commands you are running, but I suggest starting over and following that guide.


Ubuntu gnome problems with gtx 10xx + answer

So how did I fix my problems?

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1
Log into the terminal
Update the system apt-get update and apt-get upgrade and after that just to be sure update-grub
Reboot the system
Now do step 1 and 2 again
Now remove all not working nvidia drivers apt-get purge nvidia-*
Not lets add the repository with the drivers we need add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
Now update again apt-get update
Then install the actual driver apt-get install nvidia-375 (or instead of 375 the newest version of the driver)
Reboot
Still doesn't work?
Do step 1 and 2 again
Install lightdm instead of gdm3 by typing apt-get install lightdm
Now you should be able to choose between lightdm and gdm3. Select lightdm and press OK
Run update-grub and reboot again
The first start will take a while (in my case about three minutes)

These were the steps that I did and they worked for me.


Definitely a kernel-related issue. I managed to fixed with:

sudo apt-get remove linux-image-3.13.0-29-generic
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo update-grub
sudo reboot

This reverted me back to 3.13.0-24-generic, which doesn't present the problem.

EDIT:
Upgrading the VM fixed it for me, permanently.  Currently running 3.13.0-39-generic with no more problems.

For more info, see this thread:
https://communities.vmware.com/thread/481038?start=15&tstart=0


GNOME 3 extension "Icon Hider" setting location

Go to your ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/ directory (if the extension was installed locally) and look for a folder associated to the extension. Inside this folder you should find the ids and paths to dconf/gsettings schemas somewhere, most likely inside a subdirectory called "schemas".

Then use dconf or gsettings from command-line or the dconf Editor GUI application to tweak these schemas to apply various effects/functionalities provided by the extension.


Saving Apache log files for more that 14 days

Yes, there is. The file /etc/logrotate.d/apache2 contains:

/var/log/apache2/*.log {
        daily
        missingok
        rotate 14
        compress
        delaycompress
        notifempty
        create 640 root adm
        sharedscripts
        postrotate
                if /etc/init.d/apache2 status > /dev/null ; then \
                    /etc/init.d/apache2 reload > /dev/null; \
                fi;
        endscript
        prerotate
                if [ -d /etc/logrotate.d/httpd-prerotate ]; then \/var/log/apache2/*.log {
        daily
        missingok
        rotate 14
        compress
        delaycompress
        notifempty
        create 640 root adm
        sharedscripts
        postrotate
                if /etc/init.d/apache2 status > /dev/null ; then \
                    /etc/init.d/apache2 reload > /dev/null; \
                fi;
        endscript
        prerotate
                if [ -d /etc/logrotate.d/httpd-prerotate ]; then \
                        run-parts /etc/logrotate.d/httpd-prerotate; \
                fi; \
        endscript
}
                    run-parts /etc/logrotate.d/httpd-prerotate; \
            fi; \
    endscript

}

So, you could simply sudoedit /etc/logrotate.d/apache2 and change rotate 14 to rotate 999, or whatever you like.

Read man logrotate.


Print a 256-color test pattern in the terminal

256-colour test pattern
To get the below image, use:
curl -s https://gist.githubusercontent.com/HaleTom/89ffe32783f89f403bba96bd7bcd1263/raw/ | bash

The gist bash/zsh code is shellcheck clean, and also supports "Look Ma, no subprocesses!".

Alternatively, for a bash quicky:
for i in {0..255} ; do
    printf "\x1b[48;5;%sm%3d\e[0m " "$i" "$i"
    if (( i == 15 )) || (( i > 15 )) && (( (i-15) % 6 == 0 )); then
        printf "\n";
    fi
done

For total overkill, the granddaddy of the lot is terminal-colors, a 572-line script with multiple output formats.
You can also print a true color (24-bit) test pattern.


error while loading shared libraries: libQtGui.so.4 when starting Opera Mobile Emulator

Unless you are using an architecture different to the rest of your system just executing sudo apt-get install libqtgui4 should suffice.

In case that you are using another architecture just append :arch to the package name. Example, if you are using the 64-bits version then libqtgui4:amd64 is for you:

sudo apt-get install libqtgui4:amd64


Wine. Team Fortress 2 works just fine there.
Look here for an instruction how to make it work nicely.

Virtual machines stink for games.


Unity Crashed, Ctrl + Alt + T not working, Logonscreen bland

In Ubuntu 12.04, you can fix any unity problems by running

unity --reset

in a terminal. In Ubuntu 12.10 and onwards however, this command is deprecated, and now you must run the following to reset Unity:

unity-reset

I also see you are having trouble getting a terminal open. Linux normally has 4 terminal sessions open when it boots up, and you can access then by pressing CTRL+ALT+F[1 to 4]. To return back to the desktop, press CTRL+ALT+F7.

In that case that doesn't fix your problem, then it could be a GNOME problem. A suggestion here guides you on how to reset GNOME settings to their factory settings and goes into detail how to back them up, so I suggest you follow that tutorial.

If you are still experiencing problems after resetting GNOME settings, then your most likely problem is a missing package of some sort. Try installing the ubuntu-desktop package again by running:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

It will install many other packages, but hopefully that should fix your desktop without needing to reformat your OS and starting afresh.


Ubuntu WhatsApp desktop app with call features

WhatsApp desktop version does not support audio and video calls. As a good alternative you can use Skype. Here is how to install Skype in Ubuntu.

If you are really interested in using WhatsApp, then the solution is to install an Android emulator such as Genymotion and within that emulator install and use WhatsApp. This will enable the video and audio calling features.


Given that you are purging, presumably you had it installed at some point and things went wrong.  The /usr/sbin/apache2 binary isn't provided by the apache2 package, but by one of its dependencies:

# dpkg -S /usr/sbin/apache2
apache2-mpm-prefork: /usr/sbin/apache2

If your binary is missing, but the package still installed, you can use the above command to figure out which package provides the binary and re-install.


This is quite easy. Connect to internet by wire and run

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

If you can't connect by wire use THIS GUIDE.


Can I install Virtualbox and Ubuntu on an MSI GP62 laptop?

I'm afraid you will encounter graphic and booting problem on this laptop, so you have to tweak some kernel setting on to getting Ubuntu work properly.
If you look at msi tag page, you'll see some MSI laptop owner reportedly having boot lead them to black screen, this is because MSI laptops have needed various boot parameters.
The nomodeset option is required if booting with nvidia, but if booting with intel video then a intel parameter is required.
Your question

Will I have any issues installing latest version of Ubuntu on this laptop?

Yes, definitely you will encounter issues. Be sure to check Ask Ubuntu or Ubuntu Forums to resolve the issue.

Will I have any issues installing VirtualBox on this laptop?

I don't know about virtualbox, but according to Google search, MSI user haven't occurred virtualbox error, so the possibility have virtualbox error are small, I assume it's safe.


If the issue lies with partitioning

to format a partition with full control, first open any terminal.

lsblk and fstab shows that /dev/sdb is your 3TB drive.
so first we shall create the partition table (blueprint for future houses)

then we shall create the first partition(the first house built using the blueprint)

then we shall create the filesystem of the partition(describes how things should be placed and organized within this house.)

your drive requires a GPT partition table because of its size, and we want a single partition for the entire device.

$sudo parted /dev/sdb              - will ask for password and start parted aiming only at your 3TB drive
(parted) mktable gpt               - will turn it into a GPT table
(parted) rm 1                      - will remove the existing partition
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%    - will create a new partition covering 100% of space
(parted) quit                      - brings you back to terminal

Now we need to create a filesystem within this partition. you have many options here, the most common being ext4 NTFS Fat32 exFat(Fat64)

Exfat is best if you plan on using this drive with windows, mac, and linux machines

NTFS is best if you plan on using only windows

ext4 is best if you plan on using only linux

Pick one of these

sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdb1       - will format partition 1 to fat32
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1            - to ext4

If instead you want exFat

sudo apt-get install exfat-utils exfat-fuse     - will install exfat functionallity and tools
sudo mkfs.exfat /dev/sdb1           - will format it to exfat

at this point we have a fully functioning partition that should be picked up as a mountable filesystem.

if you would like to name it use one of these commands

sudo e2label /dev/sdb1 NAMEHERE      - ext4
sudo ntfslabel /dev/sdb1 NAMEHERE    - ntfs
sudo exfatlabel /dev/sdb1 NAMEHERE   - exFat

if you follow and understand this without solving your issue, then the problem does not lie within partitioning.

a simple way to test is if all drives act like this than its not the drives themselves, if only this single one does this than more than likely its a problem with partitioning or possibly a failing hard drive that needs to be replaced.

P.S. you can manually mount this in the exact way the system does by using this command

udisksctl mount -b /dev/sdb1


What you're reporting is very strange. I almost always use the same "downloads" and "documents" folders from both Windows and Ubuntu, and have never experienced slow downs from either OS. I have kept both of these directories on an external hard drive that is formatted as NTFS.

Additionally, I have used Ubuntu VMs from within Windows in the past, and still use a Windows VM from within Ubuntu, with shared folders on all of them, but never experienced any discrepancies in access times.

Why you ran into such a problem before is beyond me, but like "Centaurus A" suggested, try copying a few files over at first, and if it seems OK, then you know you're safe. If not, then you might want to ask around a bit more about why the slow down happens in the first place and how it can be prevented, as it isn't supposed to happen.


I don't know if VMware Player command line tools provide the ability to increase the size of a VMDK image.

But if you have VirtualBox installed on the box, you can convert the VMDK to VDI, use VBoxManage to increase its size and convert it back to VMDK as a workaround.

VBoxManage clonehd in.vmdk out.vdi --format VDI
VBoxManage modifyhd clone.vdi --resize 102400 # resize the capacity to 100GB
VBoxManage clonehd clone.vdi new.vmdk --format vmdk

In VMWare GUI, attach the newly resized HDD. Boot (I recommend using Ubuntu Live or System Rescue CD) and grow the file system (note resize only change the capacity of the HDD not the file system) like resize2fs -p -F DEVICE for ext{3,4}.

HTH


Try sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip

The last line in the error log clearly says that it is an issue of inadequate permissions.
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip'


I uploaded mine.

grubx64.efi
shimx64.efi

But a safer option is to restore them from the livecd, chroot into your ubuntu installation, make sure that /boot and /boot/efi is mounted, delete all files from /boot/efi/ubuntu/ and run: apt-get install --reinstall grub-efi-amd64 - this should re-generate the grubx64.efi file.

A third option is downloading them from the official Ubuntu repositories:

Trusty 14.04
Xenial 16.04
Bionic 18.04


Username + Password Wifi Login doesn't work on Lubuntu 19.10

Lubuntu's default Wi-Fi GUI does not support networks which require both a username and a password. You should install the package network-manager-applet and copy /usr/share/applications/nm-applet.desktop to ~/.config/autostart so that it starts when you log in.


How to save connections with Remmina 1.2.0?

Nod to Rinzwind for pointing me to change my comments to an answer.

First, thank you, Rinzwind. That worked. Kind of a 'duh' moment for me. Second, I couldn't get the password to save. As I googled for this it looks like there is a 'snap' and keyring integration problem/bug. For those who may follow -- I removed Remmina via Ubuntu Software center. I then reinstalled Remmina via a PPA (visit github.com/FreeRDP/Remmina/wiki). Now after entering a password, they are correctly saved.


How can I change the mount point path while using udisks?

$ udisksctl mount --block-device /dev/sda4
$ udisksctl unmount --block-device /dev/sda4


Confirming PGPKey in Launchpad could not import the OpenPGP key %{fingerprint}

It appears it was just delays in the key servers. I waited a few hours and tried again and received this message:

The key 4096R/3AB0XXXX5AABXXXXBE32XXXX8C4DXXXX45A9XXXX was successfully validated.

Maybe launchpad should not send the email if it isn't ready!!!


Correct me if I'm wrong, did you install the Nvidia drivers using the .run file downloaded from Nvidia's website?

Nvidia drivers need to be compiled against the kernel that's running, which is why whenever you do a system upgrade, you will have to reinstall the drivers. However, if you had installed using apt-get, the packages should have triggers on kernel updates.

You might want to uninstall the files installed by the .run and reinstall using apt-get.

Binary deb packages are available in Ubuntu's repository as nvidia-*

For example

sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64.....run --uninstall
sudo apt-get install nvidia-331


Ubuntu uses rsyslog, config files are rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*


How can I open a folder in a new window?

Hold Shift while double-clicking it.

I discovered that through trial and error. The documentation of keyboard shortcuts for Files is frustratingly sparse.


Can Wanna Cry Ransomware affect my Windows partitions when booted using Ubuntu Live USB

Irrespective of the file system you're mounting, the attack of any malware depends on your OS. WannaCry uses exploits in the Windows line of OS and hence is incapable of infecting Linux machines. As for wine, It shouldn't be a problem unless you click on the ransomware executable and run. Giving sudo permissions to wine might be dangerous too.


Using Ubuntu 20.04 with zfs, new install, how can I add a second drive to create a mirror (raid 1 ?)

No, the incantation you want is:

zpool attach bpool /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
zpool attach rpool /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2


How to install LKRG - Linux Kernel Runtime Guard on 18.04?

First get the sources:

$ wget https://www.openwall.com/signatures/openwall-offline-signatures.asc
$ gpg --import openwall-offline-signatures.asc
$ wget https://www.openwall.com/lkrg/lkrg-0.6.tar.gz.sign
$ wget https://www.openwall.com/lkrg/lkrg-0.6.tar.gz
$ gpg --verify lkrg-0.6.tar.gz.sign lkrg-0.6.tar.gz

Unpack:

$ tar -zxvf lkrg-0.6.tar.gz
$ cd lkrg-0.6/

Build:

$ make - j8
$ modinfo output/p_lkrg.ko

Run:

$ sudo insmod output/p_lkrg.ko p_init_log_level=3

Install systemd service and run it:

$ sudo make install
$ sudo systemctl start lkrg

Done!


Install Let's Encrypt / certbot module for Webmin if you don't have it via command line.
Go into Webmin accepting your browser's complaint that it is an insecure site.
In Webmin, navigate to Webmin > Webmin Configuration, SSL Encryption.
Click on Let's Encrypt tab at top.
Choose options for certificate, eg put in the domain name for the webmin domain without the port, and click Request Certificate.
Deal with any errors (eg write permissions on directories created by certbot run on command line that were not writeable by apache webserver).
Once this webmin config process was complete, it had installed a certificate under /etc/webmin that was only working on port 10000, the default webmin port.

You may want to verify your cert is working by putting in yourdomain.com:10000 at a cert checker that accepts ports like https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-checker.html. I had to fiddle to get chrome to notice the new cert.


If you installed *.deb package it should work:

sudo apt-get remove gitbook-editor


Does Ubuntu carry over Windows filenames (png, exe, ect.) or does it have its own?

These are filename extensions, and many of them will be the same between Windows, Linux and MAC OS.

Most executables are not cross-platform, which means you will have to find Linux versions of executables.  This includes extensions such as .com and .exe from Windows.  Look into apt-get to learn about the recommended way to install software in Ubuntu.

Other extensions, such as .png, will be loaded by a Linux executable or script.

A clear example of this is that chromium is a browser available on both Linux and Windows.  You can load any .html file on either of them, but you will have to run the proper executable for your platform.

You may be interested in learning more about file signatures, media types, file formats and more specifically, file headers.


Onscreen keyboard like behaviour of regular keyboard

I didn't find the onscreen keyboard like on OS/X, but a close second, fulfilling my special character needs. When you use  English (international with AltGr dead keys) you can type the special characters in two ways. AltGr is usually the right Alt key (in continental European keyboards labeled AltGr):

hit AltGr together with the "extension" ' or ` or ^ and then the base character a e i o u etc.
hit AltGr together with the base key or an adjacent key - based on what you want. AltGr+u result in û AltGr+y results in ü

So a bit of a learning step but close enough for daily use (see also). For viewing the keyboard on screen check this askUbuntu answer.


While in a Terminal doing an update I get a few error messages. Please help

Click on the Unity dash (or other menu system) and open "Software Sources" sometimes also called "Software & Updates". Then what you need to do is go to the "Other Software" tab, and uncheck the option listing a cdrom. Then click apply, and update again and that should fix it.

from here


How to temporarily mount a hard drive partition as read-only using Nautilus?

I don't think there is an option in Nautilus to mount a partition/device as read-only.
But, for the record, there is another terminal command to mount the partition as read-only:

udisksctl mount --block-device /dev/sda3 --options ro

This works at least in Ubuntu 13.04. It mounts to /media/user/label, even if the folder doesn't exist, and can be run as user (and unmounted in Nautilus without password prompt). The user must be an administrator (i.e. can use sudo), I think.

udisksctl is probably what Nautilus uses to mount devices. The older command that mounted to /media/label is udisks, if I am not mistaken.


From 18.04 to 20.04 in a PC with 2 HDs won't work

You can create as many mount points as you wish, and place those mount points anywhere you wish. You
can also use existing directories as mount points.

One partition (mount) per mountpoint.

Examples:
$ sudo mkdir /media/aaa
$ pmount /dev/sda3 aaa

$ sudo mkdir /var/mountpoint1
$ sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/sdm2 /var/mountpoint1
$ sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/sdm6 /media
$ sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/sdm3 /mnt