Sony Vaio VPCCW - Brightness Changes automatically when using browser

In case you are still having this issue, I removed oBacklight and tried this:

How to use xbacklight with brightness keys in a VAIO

Hope it helps ;)


Portforwarding from host to guest using port 80, but it doesn't work

The VirtualBox manual says:

    Forwarding host ports < 1024 impossible:

    On Unix-based hosts (e.g. Linux, Solaris, Mac OS X) it is not possible to bind to ports below 1024 from applications that are not run by root. As a result, if you try to configure such a port forwarding, the VM will refuse to start.

I guess this is the reason for getting port 80 forwarded properly when the host was run as a root user. Anyway I am not sure why the port is changing automatically from 80 to 1080.


What will let me apply a color curve to video?

openmovieeditor
  supports color curve features. It is available in the Software Center.

References:
1) http://www.brighthub.com/computing/linux/articles/36844.aspx
2) http://www.openmovieeditor.org/


xvfb-run hangs on trap/wait in Elastic Bamboo's Ubuntu 15.04 AMI on AWS

Ah, never mind, I finally found the problem - Atlassian had added a Xvfb wrapper script of their own (/usr/local/bin/Xvfb) that was blocking the signal send. For anyone who has this issue in the future, check and see if Xvfb is being executed directly or via a wrapper, and if it's a wrapper it will break xvfb-run.


How to launch google-chrome with custom parameters by default?

Edit the .desktop file in

/usr/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop

Edit the exec line and add the arguments you need


Drive unmounts when I try to scan it for viruses

Is your Lubuntu computer a laptop? Is your friends IDE a 3.5 inch HDD? If so, I think the problem here may be that your USB connectors cannot provide enough power to spin the drive for extended times. I had this problem when I was trying to spin a 2.5 inch on a Raspberry Pi (not good...not...good). Here are some solutions that may help if this is the problem (which is what it looks like):

Try on a Desktop Machine - Desktop machines provide much more amperage through their usb ports. They are almost always capable of spinning 3.5 HDDs.
Save as much power as you can - Darken your screen, unplug other devices, turn off wifi and blutooth, and pray to God that you have enough power to spin the drive on your laptop. You may also look at powertop. This measures power usage from multiple devices and can disable/change certain devices' power consumption.
Try on another laptop - It may be your machines is just too efficient when it comes to power production. Another laptop may have better luck.

This is about all you can do. I would bet 95% that the problem you are experiencing IS power related. Your system can spin the disk for a bit, but after too much speed, the system cuts off connection to the USB to preserve the core system components. After the amperage builds up again, it allows connection again. This is why you would experience disconnecting/reconnecting happening, especially with large file or large system scans.


Ubuntu 16.04 installed alongside 14.04 - how can I choose which one to boot?

Here are some ideas. When you see a screen like this, try using your keyboard to move down to the Ubuntu 14.04 entry. If you see only one entry and that boots to 16.04, get into 16.04, open Terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T, then type sudo update-grub and enter your password. It should show some output like this, with something like this if it sees your 14.04

Found Ubuntu 14.04 on /dev/sdXX

If you don't see a boot menu at all, then you may need to unhide your GRUB menu. Try pressing Shift while your computer is booting, you would see the aformentioned boot screen. For some permanent changes, follow instructions in this question. Good luck and please report back!


Can upgrading packages during an in-progress backup render the backup unusable?

Running a backup during an upgrade is not recommended. A typical case when you need your backup is the case when an upgrade is broken. Therefore I recommend to backup after you checked your upgrade is OK.

However this depends entirely on which files are backuped. If it's /home only then running a package upgrade at the same time may probably not do much harm.


Automate backups rsync + snapshot and archives rotation

I use LuckyBackup which is available from the Ubuntu Software Center.

This utility can be used from the command line and provides an easy interface to rsync with the opportunity to schedule backups.
Just as importantly, it allows you to perform a dummy run to check your configuration and to fine-tune your options.
Overview
User Manual


Conditional Formatting for Spreadsheet Cells based on Time Value (HH:MM:SS)

You'll have to use the TIMEVALUE() function to convert the time string 09:00:00 into a time value that LO can use for comparison (if you're using a different localization than English, you may have to translate the function name accordingly - for the localized name, follow this link and select the appropriate language from the language bar at the top of the help page). So, just use "Cell value is" -> "greater than" -> "TIMEVALUE("09:00:00")" as condition:

(Screenshot from LO Calc 5.0.1.2)


Sure, it's called MyUnity. It's a great application, with support for both Unity 3D and 2D, with a wide variety of configuration options.

MyUnity is available both on Ubuntu 11.10 and 12.04, and is available through the Ubuntu Software Center. Hope this helps!

Linked Question:

How do I configure Unity 2D?


There are some remaning files after performing autoremove

To remove all the files, even the configuration files, you can use the purge option :

sudo apt-get purge <package name>
sudo apt-get --purge autoremove

But also take into account that when you install ProgramA which is dependent of ProgramB and ProgramC, if you remove ProgramA and then run afterward apt-get autoremove, it may not remove ProgramB and / or ProgramC.

I had the case with eclipse for which there is a lot of dependent programs to be installed, one of them beeing ant. Because on its own ant can be used alone, even after apt-get purge eclipse and apt-get --purge autoremove, ant was not removed. I had to remove it manually.

Maybe this is what explain the difference you see in size.

Of cours, it would be better to analyse this with a complete output of your session.

Remark:, I've tried with fslint as you told in your comment, but the size given in the output of the installation match the one of the remove.


vm.swappiness controls the kernel's preference on how much to use swap vs trimming back the filesystem cache to free up memory.  swapoff stops using swap.  Neither has a thing to do with disk partitions.  If you are using LVM, then you want lvresize to change the size of the volume.

sudo -s
cat /etc/fstab
swapoff -a
lvresize vg0/SWAP_1 -L 4G
mkswap -U long-uuid-here /dev/vg0/SWAP_1
swapon -a

Look at your /etc/fstab and figure out the uuid of the swap volume and copy/paste that into the mkswap line so that it will be reformatted to the new size, but keep the old uuid.

Alternatively since you have plenty of ram, you could do without swap entirely.  Edit /etc/fstab to remove the swap line after running swapoff -a, then use lvremove vgo/SWAP_1 to delete the volume.


How to setup Asus MB168B USB monitor in Linux Mint?

This looks like another product with DisplayLink chips. DisplayLink has no interest in supporting Linux, therefore if you need a portable monitor that works with Linux buy a model that also has HDMI or DisplayPort connectivity.

By the way, Linux Mint is off-topic here.

Edit: Drivers for newer DisplayLink products have been released in mid 2015.


Ubuntu 18.04 not shutting down or rebooting on MSI laptop

For me it came from nvidia drivers. I had to put acpi=off in grub options and remove all nvidia driver related installation. For some reason i got problems with a similar laptop (high end msi and asus, with gtx 1050 for both) on ubuntu 16.04 and 18.04, but on 17.10 it works just fine out of the box.

Hope it helps and maybe give you a backup solution


You could either:

1) Use the duplicity command line as root to directly restore your files.

or

2) Open the Deja Dup settings window and choose restore. When it asks you if you want to restore the files in-place or into a folder, choose into a folder. It will restore everything into that folder and then you can move anything you need into your system folders yourself.


I found the solution for my problem just edit one file:

sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

and just change the value of false to true

[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile,ofono
dns=dnsmasq

[ifupdown]
managed=true

And solved


Use pkill -f instead:

pkill -f 'python server.py'


It's not clear whether you are trying to use the networking service (configured via the /etc/network/interfaces file) or the network-manager service (configured via the GUI). Normally, a true server would use the former, and wouldn't even have a GUI.

You probably need to restore the original lo definition and add some dns-nameservers (I've used Google nameservers 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4 here - substitute your own choice(s) as appropriate).

 # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
 # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
 # The loopback network interface
 auto lo
 iface lo inet loopback
 # The primary network interface
 auto eth0
 iface lo inet loopback
     address 10.1.10.100
     netmask 255.255.255.0
     gateway 10.1.10.1
     dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8  8.8.4.4

If you're not actually using network-manager then it doesn't really matter what you put in it, however if you want it to show the status of the connection then I believe the appropriate [ifupdown] entry is

[ifupdown]
managed=true

(not manual=true).


Upgraded from 19.10 to 20.04 LTS and the UI animations no longer work

I figured out my problem apparently i just had to reinstall my NVIDIA drivers after the upgrade, i used this website

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-the-nvidia-drivers-on-ubuntu-20-04-focal-fossa-linux


Folders' content doesn't refresh automatically

This can happen if inotify subsystem ran out of the handles. Running python -mpyinotify /path/to/folder should display the requests to the filesystem that all applications can see. In case this does not work, neither will other applications.

The most likely case for running out of inotify handles is that some application (e.g. Dropbox or Ubuntu One) is tracking the changes in the directories.

In this case you will need to increase the value of fs.inotify.max_user_watches sysctl parameter.


Getting a dpkg error when using apt-get upgrade

The command that worked for me on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS over SSH was

sudo apt-get install --reinstall bash

At least that way I wasn't worried of completely removing bash


How do i make it less orange? (ubuntu 16.04 with standard desktop)

I suppose this can be easily changed with the help of a theme. You will have to download the one that one like and add the folder to ~/.themes and then with a tool like Ubuntu Tweak install it.
There is guide step by step in the answer section of this question:
How can I install GTK themes on Ubuntu?
Regarding ONLY the highlitening color, did you take a look at this: REPLACE THE ORANGE COLOR IN UBUNTU 11.10 (ACTIVE COLOR) I haven't tried it myself but I bet it still works.

However there is a more user-friendly way: sudo apt-get install gtk-theme-config and this is what I think you are looking for. Just open the terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and type that piece of code then run the program with gtk-theme-config. With that tool you can change just 'Highlight background'. You can change other menus and panels' colors too.


You can do this, but you probably don't want to. Most operating system functions (listing files, checking for wifi APs) rely on binaries or libraries in /usr/bin or /lib and on configuration files in /etc. If you deny read access to those things, those functions will break. Ditto programs like a browser or kile and texstudio. You'll spend ages debugging which specific files you need to grant access to to have your programs work.
If you just want to deny a user access to any other User's home directory, you can simply run chmod o-rwx /home/username, which basically means remove read, write and execute permissions to the /home/username for all users except the owner (or users in the file group). If you just want it to be the owner and not the file group, use u-rwx


Wifi USB stick working but not displayed

Some devices get both functions: Modem and USB storage.
But on Linux (Driver propietary problem) only recognize one function.
it's 'normal'.


how to get rid partitions on a USB on linux

Open the terminal by pressing CTRL + ALT + T and type in this command.

sudo apt-get install gparted gpart

then start up gpart with this command

sudo gparted-pkexec

Click on the device tab then click on new  partition table

then click on apply.

click on the unallocated  partition and press Insert

change the file system to ntfs or ext4. Make a Label then click add.

Then click on the tick mark then click on apply.

then when thats done click close.


Newbie needing some help with Wine and PlayonLinux

If you open Terminal and enter "top", you should see all your processes (like Task Mgr in Windows). You can "kill" a process (pid) that shouldn't be running.

Please clarify if you are using wine/play on Linux to play the game.

To kill wine process use :

wineserver -k9


Hide TTY1 login when using no "quiet splash" as GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT

open the tty conf in the /etc/init/ directory

comment out those lines in the ttyX.conf files:

respawn
exec /sbin/getty -8 38400 ttyX

Example to disable tty1:

  sudo -H gedit /etc/init/tty1.conf

Then edit by inserting # in front of the commands

#respawn
#exec /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1

Save and Reboot


Can't login to Ubuntu Core 16 using a second ssh key

The SSH keys are imported once during console-conf into your user's home directory ~/.ssh/. Therefore, if you mount the writable partition on a different Linux machine you can manually append the missing SSH public key(s) to /writable/user-data/username/.ssh/authorized_keys.

This worked on a WDLabs Nextcloud Box running Ubuntu Core 16 and Nextcloud 11.


Lubuntu 18.10 black theme (black background, and white/bright text in every apps including file manager)

Caution: at this stage of Lubuntu's move to LXQt, you can't completely get what you want with the available defaults! But the following suggestions may offer some relief!
Lubuntu 18.10 has gtk3 applications and qt applications and uses Openbox as its window manager. These need to be addressed separately.
Window manager
Lubuntu 18.10 comes with a variety of Openbox themes: some are "dark" with a dark background and light text and window buttons.
To access the graphical user interface, click on the Menu button > Preferences > LXQt settings > Openbox settings > Theme. Move your mouse pointer to the pane on the right hand side and scroll up/down to select the theme of your choice. The appearance of the top bar dynamically changes to reflect the theme. I've chosen Lubuntu Arc. Clicking Close will enforce the selected theme.

gtk3 applications
There some "dark" themes available in the repositories. So you don't really have to resort to ppas or external downloads.
To illustrate, if you run sudo apt install blackbird-gtk-theme, that will install a dark theme suitable for both gtk2 and gtk3 applications.
To select Blackbird as your choice for gtk2/gtk3 applications, again click on Menu > Preferences > LXQt settings and then click on Appearance.
In the image below, I've chosen Blackbird for both gtk2 and gtk3 applications.

qt applications
This is a work-in-progress by the Lubuntu team.
As above, click on Menu > Preferences > LXQt settings > Appearance.
You'll notice that Qt Style does not offer a dark option at this time. Both Breeze and Fusion are "light" and Windows is probably something you don't want.

The result of using Breeze or Fusion is that the area immediately below the application's window decorations and below the main window are light (and not what you want).
LXQt panel
The same graphical user interface can be used to select from a variety of panel themes. In Menu > Preferences > Appearance, click on LXQt Theme and make your selection.

Here's what a few applications look like:

QTerminal and Featherpad both have a dark background with light text (other than the area themed by Qt Style).
PCManFM-Qt is completely light with dark text.
Mousepad, a gtk3 application, is completely dark with light text.

It's quite possible that someone here knows how to get the appearance you desire but this is as far as I go!


My ubuntu system won't start after upgrade....any help on removing or re-installing with USB?

You may have to "rescue a broken system".

Assuming the disk is good, this would be a good time to backup things before the problem gets worse. Generally people run a live or memory resident distro for this.

Things will be a little different depending upon UEFI bios being in use.
If you have UEFI bios, you will have a half gig FAT partition. You can see these with parted or even gparted from a live distro.

In any case, using a distro usb or cd, get into "rescue a broken system".
You want to use the rescue disk's kernel and "pivot root" to run your broken system. Generally you can identify the "root" partition, on simple systems it is the largest. You would mount the EFI partition as /boot/efi.

A few assumptions have been made. Re-install grub, the below assumes 64 bit and efi.

grub-install --bootloader-id ubuntu --target=x86_64-efi /dev/sdb

Apologies if you are past GRUB. There are many similar questions, even on other sites that can give you step by step instruction

https://superuser.com/q/376470

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Installing

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


Where can I get the 11.04 kernel .config file?

Each linux-image package contains the exact configuration file that it was built with in /boot/config-*.  To see the configuration file for the currently running Linux kernel, do:

less /boot/config-$(uname -r)

I have checked with the Ubuntu kernel people (on Freenode #ubuntu-kernel) and they have confirmed my belief that there isn't really "the config", but it is actually constructed at build/compile time by including a number of Kconfig files; these depend on the exact architecture and target (desktop/server/cloud).  You should be able to read that (short) conversation at:

irclogs.ubuntu.com/2011/03/15/#ubuntu-kernel.html#t13:48

A list of that variety can be found using packages.ubuntu.com and the following search:

packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=config-2.6

Hunting, around, it would appear that the .config is also included in the linux-headers-* packages.  These are .deb files (which are simple .ar archives that will open with file-roller) and only about 800 kB each.  If you know the particular target, architecture and version you're after, you can grab these straight from Launchpad or from the archive itself:

archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux/linux-header-2.6*.deb
then look in /usr/src/linux-headers-2.6*/.config

If you want to automate the whole process into one command, you could try the following; make sure you keep it all on one line!

wget -qO- http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-2.6.38-6-generic_2.6.38-6.34_i386.deb | dpkg-deb --fsys-tarfile /dev/stdin | tar Ox --wildcards './usr/src/*/.config'

Hope that helps!


I managed to fix this by removing some third party software sources! Yay


Login problem after upgrade from Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to 18.04.2 LTS

I am a bit of a layman in Ubuntu, so please correct me if I don't provide the information you asked for. Prior to selecting a user at login the content of the log file seems okay. After that (and extending the 20 you mentioned to 60) it shows                /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-x-session[5392]: (WW) xf86OpenConsole: VT_ACTIVATE failed: Operation not permitted        followed by  "Fatal server error" and "xf86OpenConsole: Switching VT failed"    followed by more terrifying news  where  gdm3 seems to be the common denominator.


unable to locate or fetch any package when Ubuntu on VMware

From the comments, it appears that you are behind a proxy. You might not have correctly configured it for apt. So let's do that:

Do sudo nano /etc/apt/apt.conf
Add the following lines:

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://username:password@proxy-address:port/";
Acquire::ftp::Proxy "ftp://username:password@proxy-address:port/";
Acquire::https::Proxy "https://username:password@proxy-address:port/";

Replace the fields with the correct info.

  username can be domain\username
  If your proxy doesn't need authentication, you can remove the username:password@ part all together.
  proxy-address can be the IP address or the hostname.

Save and close (by Ctrl+X, then Y, then Enter).

After adding those lines, try sudo apt-get update again.


Crontab needs absolute paths, so besides the recommendations of Rinzwind, use either

09 9    * * *   root    /bin/bash /home/ahmad/Desktop/DBs/mysqlcron.sh 2>&1>> /home/ahmad/Desktop/DBs/MySQLdump.log

or

09 9    * * *   root    /home/ahmad/Desktop/DBs/mysqlcron.sh 2>&1>> /home/ahmad/Desktop/DBs/MySQLdump.log


Before I get into answering your question, I have a few questions of mine:

What tool did you use to extract and install Ubuntu onto your USB drive?
What version of Ubuntu are you installing (12.04, 12.10, 13.04, etc.)?

I am only basing my answer on these opinions of mine:

You don't use a linuxliveusb creator;
You are trying to install Ubuntu 13.04.

So here you go:

Download and install any liveusb creator for Mac (preferably 'UNetbootin');
Run that program and make sure you have it focus on your USB drive and your .iso file. (Make sure to re-format the drive to 'FAT32' before installing!)
When it's finished, close out the window and reboot your Mac.
Press and hold the 'Option' key until the device menu pops up. Now select your USB device you installed Ubuntu on and select 'Install Ubuntu 13.04'. If this doesn't work, look for an option in the grub called 'Try Ubuntu 13.04'.

If this still doesn't work, consider changing USB devices or reformat and install Ubuntu 12.10 (or .04) on your USB drive. Sorry if I could not help you. :C


debootstrap nested in the LXC container fails to mount proc because of apparmor

New profile:

sudo tee /etc/apparmor.d/lxc/lxc-default-with-proc-mounting <<EOM
profile lxc-default-with-proc-mounting flags=(attach_disconnected,mediate_deleted) {
  #include <abstractions/lxc/container-base>
  mount fstype=proc options=ro -> /**,
}
EOM

Into container config:

lxc.aa_profile = lxc-default-with-proc-mounting

Reload profiles:

sudo systemctl reload apparmor

Restart container.


VLC and audio lag issues are perhaps more common than they really should be.  Under Linux, pulse-audio seems to be a common thread.

However there doesnt appear to be a magic "fix" to cure all.

So here are a few things you could try:

Check that you haven't changed the Audio synchronisation: Tools - Track Synchronisation should be set to zero
Check that other preferences havent affected audio tracking: Tools > Preferences and click the Reset Preferences button
Use Alsa instead of Pulse-Audio for output:  From the VLC menu, choose Tools > Preferences > Audio. Change the Output from Default to Alsa
If using Natty - revert to using interrupt driven mode instead of time-scheduled mode

modify the following line in /etc/pulse/default.pa

load-module module-udev-detect

with :

load-module module-udev-detect tsched=0

Use Alsa instead of Pulse-Audio for output: From the VLC menu, choose Tools > Preferences > Audio. Change the Output from Default to Alsa
^ This works


Update + Solution
As suggested by pLumo in the comments my /etc/apt/sources.list was quite messed up: it was still using the old version for Ubuntu 18.04 (2:4.7.6). Therefore I have followed these instructions to regenerate a new sources.list (which for Ubuntu 20.04 can be found here).


if statement on multiline string not working

A few preliminaries:

You should probably be moving away from invoking SysV init scripts directly; you are at least one and likely two steps behind the curve ( SysV init was replaced by upstart and then by systemd). For example:

systemctl restart rsyslog.service

Whichever init interface you use, it's likely that you can use the command's EXIT_STATUS directly rather than capturing its output and testing string equality. For example:

systemctl restart rsyslog.service
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  ...
fi

(in any case, as @choroba poined out in comments, the '[OK]' message may in fact be going to standard error rather than standard output).
In Ubuntu, /bin/sh is not bash: see DashAsBinSh. Among other things, that means it won't support the [[ . . . ]] extended test syntax.

Having got those out of the way, bash does indeed support string equality tests on multiline strings e.g.

$ str1='This is
a string'
$ str2='That is
a string'
$ str3='This is
a string'
$
$ [[ "$str1" != "$str1" ]] && echo "No match" || echo "Match"
Match
$ [[ "$str1" != "$str2" ]] && echo "No match" || echo "Match"
No match
$ [[ "$str1" != "$str3" ]] && echo "No match" || echo "Match"
Match


How do I get help on apt-get's install subcommand?

First run:

man apt-get

Now, when you are inside manual page of apt-get, type / followed by the word/phrase to search for it and Enter. For example:

if you are interested about install, type /install followed by Enter.
if you are interested about --no-install-recommends, type /--no-install-recommends followed by Enter.

After, you can use N and Shift+N for the next and previous matches.


Finally, I found it (I think :p). The site mentioned in the question says that the configuration should be copied at the file: /etc/i8mon.
However, they should be written here: ~/.i8kmon instead. And I think it works fine this way.

Editor's Note
The actual error was in the forum post which OP was following. Although the author intended to say to change in /etc/i8kmon file, They mistakenly wrote /etc/i8mon instead in the code section. Since, OP was following the code, the configurations didn't work.
OP saved the configs in ~/.i8kmon and that worked because user's config stored in ~/ is preferred than the ones in /etc and that way it was overriding the default configs. So, OP's assumption is wrong. Both /etc/i8kmon and ~/.i8kmon would work. The error was in somewhere else.


Bash script, arithmetic with floating point variables / strings that represent them

This should work:

loadval=$(sar -u 1 10 | awk '{print 100-$8}')


White page appearing during BASE Installation for SNORT 2.9.17.1

There are a number of concerns regarding the installation process you followed, as it seems ... haphazard.
Despite the fact it "worked" for you, let's try this one next time:
Step 1 — Configure Apache & PHP

Enable the default SSL Configuration file:
sudo a2ensite /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf

Enable the Apache SSL module:
sudo a2enmod ssl

Configure and install the requisite PEAR modules:
sudo pear config-set preferred_state alpha
sudo pear channel-update pear.php.net
sudo pear install --alldeps Image_Color2 Image_Canvas Image_Graph

Restart Apache:
sudo service apache2 restart

Notes:

Do not simply copy configuration files from sites-available to sites-enabled. That's not how this stuff is supposed to work.
Do not modify your global php.ini file to change the error_reporting variable. This can be done in the project's primary configuration .php file for better isolation.
Try to use the sudo service {name} restart method when working with system services.

Step 2 — Install BASE

Make sure you are in a scratch directory, such as ~/Downloads or ~/tmp or some such:
cd ~/tmp

Download the source package:
sudo wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/secureideas/files/BASE/base-1.4.5/base-1.4.5.tar.gz

Expand the package:
sudo tar xzf base-1.4.5.tar.gz

Move the source files to their Apache-ownable location:
sudo mv base-1.4.5 /var/www/base

Set ownership and functional permissions:
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/base
sudo chmod 755 -R /var/www/base

Notes:

Do not save random things from the Internet in /usr/src. There's no need.
Apache will refuse to work with directories that are 777 because it's not at all secure ... which raises the question of why you're trying to use SSL if the files are 777 ... which raises another question of why you want to use BASE (Basic Analysis and Security Engine), as this Apache installation would immediately fail its own tests.

Step 3 — Configure BASE
This step is going to be very different from what you wrote, because:

you have not configured your SSL certificates
it would be better to configure Apache to look at /var/www/base
the BASE source files have not been updated since June of 2013

So ... let's get started:
Step 3.1 — Configure Apache again

Change to the sites-enabled directory:
cd /etc/apache/sites-enabled`

Remove the file you copied
sudo rm -f default-ssl.conf

Check to see if you have any other files in the directory and, if so, disable them. For example:
sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf

Change to the sites-available directory and copy the default-ssl.conf file to something you can customise:
cd ../sites-available`
sudo cp default-ssl.conf 001-base-ssl.conf

Edit the new file:
sudo vi 001-base-ssl.conf

Change the DocumentRoot, SSLCertificateFile, SSLCertificateKeyFile, and any other settings to their proper values:
DocumentRoot /var/www/base
...

Save the file, enable the site, and restart Apache:
sudo a2ensite 001-base-ssl.conf
sudo service apache2 restart

Step 3.2 — Update the BASE source code for PHP 7.x
This I cannot (and will not) walk you through. As already mentioned, the last update to BASE was 8 years ago. The source files are most likely using a bunch of deprecated functions and features that need to be updated for PHP 7.x and beyond. You will need to identify the parts of the system that are broken and fix them.
Step 3.3 — Configure Base
Now, after what has probably been a lot more work than you anticipated, you can configure BASE.

Open https://{IP / Domain} in your browser of choice
Carry on with the installation process

Notes:

Note the s in the protocol. If you are using SSL, this is important.


"sed" to add a space only under a certain condition

One fairly straightforward approach would be to replace the first "hash" by "hash space" only in lines that begin with "hash not space":
$ echo "#ok" | sed "/^#[^ ]/s|#|# |"
# ok

In regex variants that provide it, like Perl, you could use negative lookahead:
$ echo "#ok" | perl -pe 's/^#(?! )/# /'
# ok


Installing a web server on Ubuntu Snappy Core

As I do not use Ubuntu Core myself, I googled a bit and found some sources which say that it was possible to activate apt-get for Ubuntu Core in older versions, but not for the current one.

Depending on your preferences and your main operating system, maybe it is also a good alternative to put the code for development on your main machine, like your desktop pc or your laptop, and develop from there.

That is my current setup and it works like a charm.


New kind of "The system is running in low-graphics mode" error? Ubuntu 16.04

From the comments...

Problem #1:

Adding "allow-guest=false" to /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf resulted in an incomplete lightdm.conf file. The correct file should look like this:

[LightDM]
[SeatDefaults]
allow-guest=false

Problem #2:

An invalid or incompatible options statement for the video driver was added to /etc/modprobe.d/local.conf. Removing "options drm_kms_helper poll=N" solved it.


Ubuntu screen brightness issue only at startup

adding a line into /etc/rc.local will work.

gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local

and add the following to the file, x symbolizes the desired brightness level.

echo X > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

This should solve issue related with ubuntu, i have no idea about windows, you can try to check superuser for windows solution.


Cannot find source links in source file but still shows in apt update

Take a look on your /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ directory, should some of your Microsoft source located there. Also this find query might be helpful to you.

sudo find /etc/apt -name '*.list' -exec grep -i 'https://packages.microsoft.com' {} \; -print

This will return the file which contain https://packages.microsoft.com string.


Yo can use Squid

  Squid is a full-featured web proxy cache server application which
  provides proxy and cache services for Hyper Text Transport Protocol
  (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and other popular network
  protocols. Squid can implement caching and proxying of Secure Sockets
  Layer (SSL) requests and caching of Domain Name Server (DNS) lookups,
  and perform transparent caching. Squid also supports a wide variety of
  caching protocols, such as Internet Cache Protocol, (ICP) the Hyper
  Text Caching Protocol, (HTCP) the Cache Array Routing Protocol (CARP),
  and the Web Cache Coordination Protocol. (WCCP)

  The Squid proxy cache server is an excellent solution to a variety of
  proxy and caching server needs, and scales from the branch office to
  enterprise level networks while providing extensive, granular access
  control mechanisms and monitoring of critical parameters via the
  Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). When selecting a computer
  system for use as a dedicated Squid proxy, or caching servers, ensure
  your system is configured with a large amount of physical memory, as
  Squid maintains an in-memory cache for increased performance.1

To install Squid,  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below:

sudo apt-get install squid

For complete instructions and configuration take a look at Ubuntu Documentation

1Source:Ubuntu Documentation


How do I replace zram swap with a swap file?

With zram you are having swap in RAM and compressed.
Whenever your system swaps it will be doing it very fast, as is RAM.
You don't need to stop the zram to replace with another swap.
You can just add more swap, and let the system handle it.
If you want to change the config ratio of zram edit:
/etc/systemd/nvzramconfig.sh
In order to create a new swap on disk you have either two options:

Create a partition for swap, dedicated
Create a file in a drive and use it for the swap.

If you expect a lot of movement from swap to ram and viceversa:

You can use the 16 GB eMMC 5.1 in the Jet Nano, but it will die soon. They are not made for rewriting like swap does when system is memory hungry. Speed will be slow too.
You can connect a external drive using the USB 3.0 interface

If you use SSD, writing a lot may lead to a premature die of the SSD
You can use SAS SSD Enterprise grade, but I think that would be overkill for a computer which cost is low and anyway the speed will be limited to the speed of the USB 3.0 port.
If you use HDD, swapping will be very slow. In both cases you'll be limited by the speed of the USB 3.0

For what you are commenting I believe you'll run that scientific program few times, let's say a maximum of 100 times, so even if swap is being strongly used should be no problem for a domestic SSD.
You can also attach an NVMe using an external case, but you'll not see high speed, as the speed constraint is in the USB 3.0. The Samsung PRO series offer double of writing before they die.
Pay attention to use the 3.0 and not a 2.0 accidentally.
If you require to use that scientific program, may be you can assemble a cheap PC with 16 GB or 32 GB of RAM and you will not need swap at all.
Update 2020-11-04:
In JetPack-4.4 nvzramconfig is a Systemd Service, so in /etc/systemd/system you have a file called nvzramconfig.service
#
# Copyright (c) 2019, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
#

[Unit]
Description=ZRAM configuration
; Everything depends on the NVIDIA per-boot script
After=nv.service
; TPC power gating must be enabled before anything touching gpu
After=nvpmodel.service

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/etc/systemd/nvzramconfig.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

You can prevent completely this Service from starting by disabling it:
sudo systemctl disable nvzramconfig

That's the preferred way to do it.
But if for whatever reason you don't want to disable the service the not so nice option is to just comment every line in the file /etc/systemd/nvzramconfig.sh like this:
#!/bin/bash
#
# Copyright (c) 2019, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
#

# NRDEVICES=$(grep -c ^processor /proc/cpuinfo | sed 's/^0$/1/')
# if modinfo zram | grep -q ' zram_num_devices:' 2>/dev/null; then
#   MODPROBE_ARGS="zram_num_devices=${NRDEVICES}"
# elif modinfo zram | grep -q ' num_devices:' 2>/dev/null; then
#   MODPROBE_ARGS="num_devices=${NRDEVICES}"
# else
#   exit 1
# fi
# modprobe zram "${MODPROBE_ARGS}"

# Calculate memory to use for zram (1/2 of ram)
# totalmem=`LC_ALL=C free | grep -e "^Mem:" | sed -e 's/^Mem: *//' -e 's/  *.*//'`
# mem=$((("${totalmem}" / 2 / "${NRDEVICES}") * 1024))

# initialize the devices
# for i in $(seq "${NRDEVICES}"); do
#   DEVNUMBER=$((i - 1))
#   echo "${mem}" > /sys/block/zram"${DEVNUMBER}"/disksize
#   mkswap /dev/zram"${DEVNUMBER}"
#   swapon -p 5 /dev/zram"${DEVNUMBER}"
# done

As long as the execution exits with error level 0 (so no error or no exit code different from 0) it will be seen as working.
In both ways the Kernel module will not be loaded (modprobe zram).
Cheers


Open the terminal and type lprm.
This will clear the print queue and thus stop the printing.


Form incognito main page:

  Because Google Chrome does not control how extensions handle your
  personal data, all extensions have been disabled for incognito
  windows. You can reenable them individually in the extensions manager.


In VBA-M I fixed the no video problem by going into the Options->Video->Render API->and switched it to OpenGL.


Why are my bash script's arguments causing an error?

Always quote your variables! Change it to

git commit -m "$1"

and then

./commit.sh "comment1 comment2 comment3"

will work.


Which release has easy VirtualBox host or VMWare host installation process?

There are no problems with installing virtualbox on Ubuntu. It is available in the official repositories.

The only bit which can be slightly tricky is getting the USB to work on your virtual machine. First you need to install the extensions pack for the version of virtualbox you have installed, which is an easy download from their website. You install it by adding the extension pack in the virtualbox settings dialogue.
Once you've done that, follow the instructions here:

http://brianhoskins.uk/adding-usb-devices-virtual-machine/


How to read or open .crash file from /var/crash

It depends on what you are trying to read. If you will be satisfied with text-only contents - use Parto's answer.

If you need to dig deeper - you have to use special applications apport-unpack (see its help via man apport-unpack or online). You can use it as follows:

# copy crash report somewhere
cp /var/crash/_usr_bin_gnome-shell.121.crash /tmp

# extract it
cd /tmp
apport-unpack _usr_bin_gnome-shell.121.crash _usr_bin_gnome-shell.121.crash-dir/

and you will get text user-friendly text-files with coredump separated from them:

$ ls -l _usr_bin_gnome-shell.121.crash-dir/
ApportVersion        _MarkForUpload        SourcePackage Architecture
Package               Stacktrace CoreDump
PackageArchitecture   StacktraceTop Date                 ProblemType
Tags Dependencies         ProcCmdline           ThreadStacktrace
Disassembly          ProcCpuinfoMinimal    Title DistroRelease
ProcCwd               Uname ExecutablePath       ProcMaps
UnreportableReason ExecutableTimestamp  ProcStatus
UpgradeStatus InstallationDate     ProcVersionSignature  UserGroups
InstallationMedia    Registers             XsessionErrors
JournalErrors        Signal

Pages to read:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Apport
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebuggingProgramCrash


gparted - Disk size smaller after creating partition table + old data gone

This is due to the 1000 vs. 1024 bytes problem.

You see, assuming 1024, a 6TB drive can hold 6.6E12 bytes. However, assuming 1000, it can hold 6E12 bytes.

The difference between the two is 6E11 bytes, or 559GB. Thus, your reported capacity is 559GB less than what you think it should be.


DKPG problems on Ubuntu 18.04 with Wireguard

I had the same problem with Wireguard on my HP Envy. I cleared /var/lib/dpkg/updates. None of the other files/directories in dpkg held anything pertinent.
Source: DPKG Problem - Ask Ubuntu


Is ubuntu able to kill a process because of low memory and how to know it

It is not Ubuntu that does this. It is the Linux kernel that does this. Wikipedia has a topic on this:

  Out of memory (OOM) is an often undesired state of computer operation where no additional memory can be allocated for use by programs or the operating system. Such a system will be unable to load any additional programs, and since many programs may load additional data into memory during execution, these will cease to function correctly. This occurs because all available memory, including disk swap space, has been allocated.

In general there should be a notice in either /var/log/syslog (debian based systems) or /var/log/messages. A grep "Killed process" /var/log/syslog should show if the system killed a process.

Interesting topics: "How to discover what is killing a process?" on stack and this article on lwn.net.

The project page for OOM has a lot of tips:

  What causes these OOM events?

The kernel is really out of memory. The workload used more memory than the system has RAM and swap space. What are SwapFree and MemFree in /proc/meminfo? If both are very low (less than 1% of their total), then the workload may be at fault. (unless mlock() or HugeTLB are involved, see below...)
The kernel is out of low memory on 32-bit architectures. What is LowFree in /proc/meminfo? If it is very low, but HighFree is much higher, then you have this condition. This workload may benefit from being run on a 64-bit platform or kernel.
There is a kernel data structure or memory leak. What are SwapFree and MemFree in /proc/meminfo? What is the number of task_struct objects in slabinfo? Was the system forking so many processes that it ran out of memory? What objects in /proc/slabinfo take up the most space? If one kind of object is taking up a vast portion of the system's total memory, that object may be responsible. Check with the subsystem experts for the area from which that object comes. To see the object usage, run this on the command-line:

awk '{printf "%5d MB %s\n", $3*$4/(1024*1024), $1}' < /proc/slabinfo | sort -n

The kernel is not using its swap space properly. If the application uses mlock() or HugeTLBfs pages, it may not be able to use its swap space for that application. If this happens, SwapFree may still have a very large value when the OOM occurs. These two features do not allow the system to swap the affected memory out, however, so overusing them may exhaust system memory and leave the system with no other recourse. It is also possible for the system to find itself in a sort of deadlock. Writing data out to disk may, itself, require allocating memory for various I/O data structures. If the system cannot find even that memory, the very functions used to create free memory will be hamstrung and the system will likely run out of memory. It is possible to do some minor tuning to start paging earlier, but if the system cannot write dirty pages out fast enough to free memory, one can only conclude that the workload is mis-sized for the installed memory and there is little to be done. Raising the value in /proc/sys/vm/min_free_kbytes will cause the system to start reclaiming memory at an earlier time than it would have before. This makes it harder to get into these kinds of deadlocks. If you get these deadlocks, this is a good value to tune. If you run into a case where tuning this value helps, please report it. We may need to make changes to the default values.
The kernel has made a bad decision and mis-read its statistics. It went OOM while it still had plenty of good RAM to use.
Something really pathological is happening The kernel actually decides to go OOM after it has spend a "significant" amount of time scanning memory for something to free. As of 2.6.19, this "significant amount" happens after the VM has scanned an amount equal to all of the (currently) active+inactive pages in a zone six times. If the kernel is rapidly scanning pages, but your I/O devices (swap, filesystem, or network fs) are too slow, the kernel may judge that there is no progress being made and trigger an OOM even if there is swap free.

Run this script during your test, and the OOM. Run the script, send the output to a VM expert. Have them parse it. Then come back and update this page. ;)


Why is Ubuntu 14.04 so slow on my laptop?

Because you only have 1GB of RAM! That isn't the only problem, but it is part of it. Simply, your computer can't handle the intensity of Unity's graphics.

Windows XP is not nearly as CPU / Graphically intensive as Unity, the default desktop of Ubuntu 11.04+. It is based on compiz and has all sorts of fancy graphics, such as the see through dash and the expanding launcher. I would advise installing Lubuntu or Xubuntu, or putting XFCE or LXDE on, and using that rather than unity.

I have both on 3 old XP computers, and they are running well (typed on a 2006 Lubuntu laptop with 683 MB of RAM).

  It is as if the CPU was overloaded and no memory available

The CPU probably is overloaded / there probably isn't enough RAM available. Try installing and using midori - it is lighter, and is what I'm using at the moment.

My pronouns are He / Him


black screen after waking up from suspend

The black screen error

If you found such error, you can just shake you mouse one or two times, the black screen goes away and come the login session.
This might occur because of the Power Management setting you have changed or by the default setting.
When there is no activity in the system for 1 hour or so(this is based on Power Management setting) ... This might occur.


How to force Conda to use gcc found at /usr/bin/gcc?

According to https://docs.conda.io,

  Anaconda 5.0 switched from OS-provided compiler tools to our own toolsets. This allows improved compiler capabilities, including better security and performance. This page describes how to use these tools and enable these benefits.

You will have to remove the gcc provided by conda. to do so, use conda remove gcc_linux-64. to verify use To confirm that a package has been removed: conda list Now, close the terminal and re-check


Midnight Commander: what does a * in front of file names mean?

From mc(1) manual:

  type

  displays a one character wide type field. This character is similar to
  what is displayed by ls with the -F flag - * for executable files, /
  for directories, @ for links, = for sockets, - for character devices,
  + for block devices, | for pipes, ~ for symbolic links to directories and ! for stale symlinks (links that point nowhere).

As stated in the manual, * signifies files with executable bit set


Finally I found the answer by myself.

The problem was that my /boot partion ran out ouf space, then a kernel update arrived, but because of 0 bytes left on /boot the kernel package did not install completely (I guess some modules were missing) and after next reboot the new (incomplete) kernel was loaded. The system worked quite good, but some parts did not, e.g. the mentioned USB drives and sound output.

The solution was just in removing all the obsolete kernel packages which are  stacking in my system, finishing the installation of the newest kernel and a reboot.


Which Country Has All Wifi Channels Open?

Countries apply their own regulations to both the allowable channels,
  allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges.
  Consult your local authorities as these regulations may be out of date
  as they are subject to change at any time. Most of the world will
  allow the first thirteen channels in the spectrum.

To Answer you question its Japan.  Check This out !

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WLAN_channels


zpool export tank
set zfs:zfs_recover=1
zdb -e -bcsvL tank
zpool import tank -f

by this article.

Looks like zpool scrub tank not helped, but I executed this command and at list everything working now, so I do not know exactly.


How to mix page numbering on LibreOffice Writer

On the first page, do the following steps:

Insert Footer -> Default style
Insert Fields -> Page Number
Double click on the 1 in the footer to choose the roman format:

Quit the Footer edition to go back to the top of the first page then add 5 page breaks to get the first 5 roman pages:

Now to restart the numbering with the usual page number insert a page break with the Footnote style instead and change the page number to 1 as shown below:

This 6th page will not show the blue Footer marker by default but click at the bottom of the page to make it appear (you may have to click on the + to show the Footer line):

Then "Insert Fields -> Page Number" to get a normal 1 on this 6th page.

Note: Use "View image" in your broiwser to get a zoomed picture of the last screenshot.


What differences are there between the various version of emacs available?

emacs-snapshot is a development version of Emacs. It has more goodies but likely also more bugs, so use it at your own risk. The others are released versions; the only reason I can think not to install the latest one is if you're very short on disk space.

The emacs package depends on emacs23 (you can see the dependencies in any package administration tool).

Gtk programs don't use X resources (.Xdefaults). Non-gtk (but X) versions of Emacs do.


Recursive Scan To Move All Files And Deleting Empty Directories

You can do:

find . -type f -name '*.ort' -exec mv -i {} outdir \; -exec bash -c 'rmdir "${1%/*}"' _ {} \;

find . -type f -name '*.ort' -exec mv -i {} outdir \; will move the only .ort file from the source directory to target directory (outdir)
The second -exec action, -exec bash -c 'rmdir "${1%/*}"' _ {} \; will only run if the previous -exec action succeeds i.e. .ort file is found and moved successfully. You can put it under one -exec too with && but two -execs are used to make things a bit cleaner.
The second -exec action will just remove the empty directory which was containing the file; ${1%/*} is bash parameter expansion pattern to get the directory name, dirname would work too.

Example:

$ tree
.
├── egg
├── ortdir1
│   └── foo.ort
├── ortdir2
│   └── bar.ort
├── outdir
└── spam

$ find . -type f -name '*.ort' -exec mv -i {} outdir \; -exec bash -c 'rmdir "${1%/*}"' _ {} \;

$ tree
.
├── egg
├── outdir
│   ├── bar.ort
│   └── foo.ort
└── spam


Volume control 'out of phase' with actual volume and Alsamixer

I have had the same problem. I fixed this by going to configuration settings -> sound -> output i chose headphone + amplifier, on the tab hardware i selected analoge output profile instead of analog stereo duplex. With these settings, it's less out of phase.


How can I print a file using a printer connected to a different machine on the same LAN

Configure the printer on the system it's connected to, then share it.

This has already been covered on askubuntu before:

What is CUPS server and how to share a printer (Locally or over a network)

Also there's a community wiki document on how to share a printer on Ubuntu, and how to connect to printers shared from other OSes from Ubuntu  : https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Printers#Sharing_Printers.


can I uninstall UBUNTU from within Windows?

No you can't (but actually you can), supposing you have done a conventional job of reformatting a partition on your HDD as ext4 and installing Ubuntu on that. Windows will not recognize that format (unless you have some third-party software installed, like these or these ones) and therefore you won't see it anywhere in Windows to be able to delete it or anything.

As for reinstalling, I think you would only have the option to remove previous version installed before being able to install again on the same partition, leaving no chance of collision by definition.

PS: to give so probably more sensible links, taken from the already given one, (some of) the third-party softwares are Ext2Fsd, Linux Reader and Ext2Read.


Home deleted by rm command, cannot login

If you are looking for ability to continue working with the current system rather than restoring your home directory then try:

EDIT:
If you can do the next it may help:  Ctrl+alt+F1 to change to the console (CLI).
You might be able to log in still, do it now. Then sudo mkdir /home/$USER
sudo chown $USER: /home/$USER

Should all be done now, either press Ctrl+Alt+F7 to return do GDM or reboot.

UPDATE: If you previouslt enabled root by this : sudo passwd root you can create a user by:

1) login as root

2) useradd username

3) passwd username


I think you probably removed Microsoft reserved partition and therefore it's not booting. You can open the Disks application on Ubuntu and check the disk partitioning, then look for Microsoft reserved partition. If it's not available it's uninstalled and you need to reinstall it again, but I suggest you run sudo update-grub after Windows installation, because Windows Boot Manager is not compatible with Linux.


First, count yourself lucky. Creating partitions for Ubuntu using Windows tools is a Bad Idea (note the i-caps)! As often as not, that results in converting the disk from a regular plain MBR setup into an LDM configuration, which Ubuntu can't use directly, so that then creates a need to fix the problem using third-party Windows tools. All this juggling also increases the risk of damage to the disk. In any event, you seem to have avoided that trap.

Given your partition table (which I've reformatted for legibility -- what you posted was reformatted by the forum software into a virtually-unreadable form), your partitions seem to be:

Unknown, but probably needed by Windows
Windows boot
Unknown
Extended -- do not delete!
Ubuntu root (/)
Ubuntu swap

You'll have to investigate for yourself what partition #3 is; that can't be determined from parted output alone. If it's an empty partition, you can delete it and expand/move other partitions to fill the resulting empty space. There are quite a few questions and answers here about how to perform such tasks, such as:

How to extend my root (/) partition?
How to resize partitions?
How do I resize partitions using command line without using a GUI on a server?
How can I increase a partition's size?
How can I resize NTFS partition in GParted?


How to add existing user to an existing group?

The useradd command will try to add a new user. Since your user already exists this is not what you want.

Instead: To modify an existing user, like adding that user to a new group, use the usermod command.

Try this:

sudo usermod -a -G groupName userName

The -a (append) switch is essential. Otherwise, the user will be removed from any groups, not in the list.
The -G switch takes a (comma-separated) list of additional groups to assign the user to.

In general (for the GUI, or for already running processes, etc.), the user will need to log out and log back in to see their new group added. For the current shell session, you can use newgrp:

newgrp groupName

newgrp adds the group to the current shell session.


Download problem-I don't have disc drive. I press 12 but it doesn't use the USB stick

Try using a software for burning images. I personally used Daemon Tools Pro to burn the ISO downloaded onto my USB stick.

Some people even have no problem only copying the files from the ISO to the USB Stick.

Also when pressing the F12 when asked to, make sure you use Fat32 formatted USB stick.

In case you don't. You can change it simply through "My Computer" right click on USB stick and click "format"


Ubuntu Won't Connect to the Internet - BCM4312

The Broadcom 14e4:4315 is quite unusual in that the solution changes from earlier Ubuntu versions to later. In Ubutnu 13.10, which you are using, the device uses the native b43 driver and firmware that needs to be downloaded separately. Please first try to undo any possibly failed previous attempts; open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source

If the terminal reports that it was not installed so not removed, that's fine, please continue. Get a temporary wired ethernet connection and do:

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Detach the ethernet, reboot and let us hear your report.


To convert a Windows machine to Ubuntu, can I just boot the CD and install?

A working Windows system is only required to run Ubuntu if you install Ubuntu inside Windows using Wubi. (Even then, the Windows system can be pretty badly broken without affecting the Ubuntu system at all.)

So yes, all you have to do is to download an Ubuntu ISO image on another machine, burn it to CD/DVD or write it to a USB flash drive, and then boot from the CD/DVD/USB on the machine where you want to install.

However, if there are files on the old computer you want to recover, it's advisable to do that first. Typically, the Ubuntu installer will give you the option to install alongside existing systems, which resizes their partitions while keeping the data intact. There is always a small (but significant) risk of data loss during dynamic partition resizing, though. The risk is probably increased in this scenario as there's a chance that what's wrong with the Windows system is related to filesystem corruption (which could contribute to a situation where dynamic partition resizing fails and is unable to fully recover the old state).

Perhaps more importantly, you probably do not want to keep the old Windows XP system. Unless you plan to attempt fixing it, it does you no good. So you'll probably want to tell the Ubuntu installer to install over the existing operating system instead of alongside it. This will get rid of the XP system and all files in it, so if there are any documents or other important files in it, you should offload them first.

Conveniently, you can do this from the Ubuntu install CD. Boot the live CD/DVD/USB flash drive and select Try Ubuntu instead of Install Ubuntu. Open a folder window and find your Windows partition under Devices. Click it to mount it. Now you can browse and view your files there, and offload anything important.

You cannot copy the files to the desktop on the live CD/DVD/USB, as that's just stored in memory--when the machine shuts down or reboots, everything there goes away. Instead, depending on their size and the resource available to you, you can put them on an external hard drive or USB flash drive (other than the one you're using for installing), email them to yourself, use an Internet file storage service like DropBox or Ubuntu One, transfer them to your other Windows machine over the network (Ubuntu supports sharing files with Windows systems), or burn them to a CD/DVD.

Once you've offloaded any files you wish to keep, just double-click on Install Ubuntu on the desktop, and tell the installer to install over existing operating systems (not alongside them).

Specifically, the option to select is to install to the entire disk.


Yes, that's possible. I've had at least 5 operating system in parallel, at a time.

If you install Windows, it will not care about existing Linux installations. It will make your PC only boot Windows.

But fear not! You can boot into a live session, chroot into your existing Ubuntu installation, and update grub: How do I run update-grub from a LiveCD? This will make your PC boot all installed operating systems, again.

Because you intend to use more than one hard drive: Make sure to have your bios boot from the hard drive your Ubuntu installation is on with higher priority (further up) than the other hard drive.


I've installed Ubuntu on an EEE 1015PX with no major hurdles.

Where the USB drive won't show in boot device selection:

Confirm the drive is bootable on another computer
Read the computer's manual, or look through the BIOS settings, for any info about "boot from USB"

Nothing specific, just don't expect the thing to be fast, since it's a 7-year old netbook. For that reason, you'll probably want to install a lighter flavour like Lubuntu.
This answer says you can install Ubuntu on another computer, and just swap the drive - nothing too complicated. Just make sure you install the right architecture for the receiving computer. I suggest 32bit because the machine is older and only has 1GB of RAM.


Xubuntu is not seeing my Win8 OS in the installer

Your PC is UEFI, so to avoid problems, you must use Xubuntu 12.10 64bit
Use the Windows tools to reduce your Windows partition. Make at least 20GB free.
If the Xubuntu installer does not detect Windows, do NOT choose "Use the entire disk" option or it will erase Windows. Instead, use the "Somethingelse" option, create a root and a SWAP partition in the free space. (see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DiskSpace ), and install Xubuntu. Then use Boot-Repair's Recommended Repair to add a valid Windows UEFI entry in your GRUB menu.


Compiz: how to combine scale and expo? (like in Unity with Mutter)

Lots of people clicking a button doesn't necessarily mean a feature will be implemented :) someone has to find the time to implement the feature.

That being said, I'm going to find a way to combine the two, but we have more important things to focus on right now (stability etc)


Is is possible to export Inkscape files for inDesign?

According to Adobe [1], InDesign does not support importing SVG files. It does, however, support importing EPS files, which Inkscape can export to (just choose EPS from the drop-down box in the "Save as ..." dialog).


I have encountered quite a lot cases where Windows wouldn't boot any more after the alongside installation of Ubuntu. The thing I always try first is to renew the GRUB entries using the following command from a terminal:

sudo update-grub

I've experienced this to fix such boot problems most of the time. If it doesn't, I try it with Boot Repair.


ubuntu 14.04.2 - what nvidia drivers for CUDA

I use Nvidia drivers from nvidia-331 package from official Ubuntu repository on Ubuntu 14.04.2.

Recently something changed in drivers packages and CUDA stopped working, the symptom was error 30 ("Unknown error") in first CUDA-related operation.

After some debugging I investigated that problem was with missing nvidia_uvm kernel module.
Check that it is loaded:

$ lsmod | grep nvidia
nvidia_uvm             34855  0
nvidia              10744943  84 nvidia_uvm
drm                   303102  2 nvidia

If it's not loaded, check that you have installed appropriate package, for 331 version it is nvidia-331-uvm:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-331-uvm

But this is not enough: nvidia_uvm can't be loaded in straightforward way (e.g. by running modprobe nvidia_uvm), you need to either run you program as root (once, then module will be loaded and root permissions will no longer be required), or (recommended) install nvidia-modprobe package and reboot:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-modprobe


How do I handle "Firmware file X not found" stopping bootup?

If you've got the possibility to connect to the internet by cable - highly likely if you can ssh into your machine - run jockey-text and see if this helps.

If this doesn't solve the issue just download the firmware from wireless.kernel.org and just manually extract/copy it to /lib/firmware/b43/. Use scp for copying. If you can install b43-fwcutter and run b43-fwcutter -i to see what device you're on (if you don't already know).

If both ways fail update your question with details. The Ubuntu Wiki bcm43xx page has some details to continue the debugging.


The last number from the Linux kernel name is changed when any bug is patched or any error is corrected in the kernel. So, this means: the more this number is higher, the kernel should be better.

Once you have installed/updated a new version of the kernel, at next reboot your system will use the new installed kernel. And yes, you can  update Ubuntu like normal after this.


Firefox goes slowly after i installed ubuntu update

You need to first delete your firefox user profile and try again , using following command you can delete firefox user profile:

  rm -rf ~/.mozilla/firefox/.default

Where  is the name of your profile that firefox generates random.


How would I send all NotifyOSD message to a text file?

All NotifyOSD messages are logged in ~/.cache/notify-osd.log. But, they are cleared on every logout though.


Ubuntu 14.04 Exim 4.82 how to make tls_sni variable expanded in tls_certifcate?

Unfortunately, it seems there is a bug in Exim 4.82 compiled against GnuTLS:

http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.mail.exim.devel/7292


Can anybody recommend a wireless PCI card working out-of-the-box in Ubuntu 12.10 (64bit)?

I would heartily recommend the EDIMAX n300 EW-7722In Wireless 802.11b/g/n 32-bit PCI Adaptor. NOT low profile & Windows did not suspend & reconnect properly, but the driver is now in the kernel & it worked flawlessly with Ubuntu/Linux. I sold mine on eBay as needed to dual boot with Windows.

I now use a Realtek RTL8188CU Based Chip ~ USB Wireless NIC (Edimax EW-7811Un USB wireless/Solwise NET-WL-UMD-606N) as need to dual boot. However driver needs compiling with every kernel.


Codelite installation unmet dependencies

What you could do is install it from its repository. From the website TipsUbuntu, it has instructions for the latest version 9.2 here.

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://repos.codelite.org/ubuntu/ trusty universe" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/codelite.list' <- Add the repository.
sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys http://repos.codelite.org/CodeLite.asc <- Setup the key trust.
sudo apt update && sudo apt install codelite wxcrafter <- Install!
If it gives you any dependency issues, you can fix them with sudo apt-get install -f

Hope this helps!


"Unable to locate package python-pip" When trying to install from fresh 18.04 install

You have to enable universe category which contains python-pip package.

As David suggested, if you have software-properties-common installed, You can use this command to add universe category to your sources file:

sudo add-apt-repository universe

Then:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install python-pip

However if you rather to add it manually or you don't have add-apt-repository command available to run then follow these instructions:

Open /etc/apt/sources.list using an editor, for example nano:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

then add  universe at the end of each line, like this:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main universe

Press Ctrl+o to save the file.
Press Ctrl+x to quit nano.

then run:

sudo apt update

and finally:

sudo apt install python-pip


sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:jconti/gnome3

You have a PPA included in your apt-sources list which does not contain a package for your distribution (trusty), hence the error.


Is "Ubuntu Tweak" considered to be a "safe" program?

I don't trust this tool because it delves from tweaking and goes into package management outside of the trusted repositories and recommending PPAs so I never recommend it to people.

However the author has recently began making it modular so people can just use it as a config tool without the other stuff -- once this gets finished and Ubuntu Tweak is in the Ubuntu Archive then I would consider it good to go!


If you want to build a package on your own, it is informative.  I wrote it out: http://pj.freefaculty.org/blog/?p=328. The tarball you have is not sufficient to make a package, it lacks the "debian" directory that has the package building code. You might be able to compile emacs and install it, but it won't be a package.

Emacs25 has been discussed. I doubt it will build (discussed here Emacs toolbar icons missing in Ubuntu-16.10, struggle to compile emacs24 and 25), but conceptually it is not difficult: You run "./configure" (add some arguments), then "make" and "make install".  Almost all GNU software is like that. I made some notes on compiling GNU stuff. Go here after slide 42  http://pj.freefaculty.org/guides/Computing-HOWTO/IntroTerminal-3/terminal-3.pdf).

As I said, I doubt Emacs25 will compile, you can't even compile Emacs24, or you could not when I made that post. If you try, you may need to install quite a few devel packages for your system.  That's usual.

The shortest route will be "apt-get source emacs24". If you find a repo with emacs25, use instead.  These will come with the debian subdirectory that guides the build.

Your question is a good novice question and I hope you'll keep trying. As put, you are asking a pretty giant question and that's why I'm pointing you at other locations to learn more. Try my notes.


From the Ubuntu One FAQ.

Check https://one.ubuntu.com/files for it.

To make them download automatically, make sure the "Purchased Music" folder is checked in the "folders" tab of the Ubuntu One application.

If they're not in one.ubuntu.com/files and/or they don't automatically download after you've told it to, then contact Ubuntu support.


in order to install ubuntu 14.04 or 15.04 i had to remove the battery and make sure the laptop didn't overheat... which i find is a pain in the butt because I never had any issues of the type with windows on it... (other OS issues) but the problem persists even after install; laptop overheats, espexially during updates and crashes.

it hapend with both 14 and 15 I have a HP Pavilion G6


The reason search isn't working in this case is because /media is blacklisted in /etc/updatedb.conf. The solution is to mount the partition on /mnt and ran sudo /etc/cron.daily/mlocate.

Search uses multiple search engines. Zeitgeist indexes the recently used documents, which is why some files from the partition are showing, and some aren't. But other search engines (mlocate) and os-walk (previously 'find') are problematic.

If your drives are NTFS, they aren't blacklisted, but are probably mounted in /media, which is why they aren't being indexed.


How can I enable hardware acceleration for an ATI Radeon HD?

Tested for Ubuntu 11.10 and any supported card ATI card using binary driver (only cards that support UDV2, radeon hd 4000 or higher)

Hardware video acceleration is only enabled if you are using the binaries from ATI, either install them using the Additional Driver tool or manually from the ATI site, the last method is preferred since the current package in the Additional Driver tool is quite buggy.

This post contains all the information needed to install/switch/remove drivers for ATI cards.

After this is done you still need a way to connect the media player to the hardware acceleration feature present in your new drivers.

To do that by installing xvba-va-driver, libva-glx1 and vainfo. Open a terminal and use this command, or look for the packages using the Ubuntu Software Center

sudo apt-get install xvba-va-driver libva-glx1 vainfo

After the packages are installed open a terminal (if not using it) and type vainfo, you should get an output like the following

 libva: libva version 0.32.0
 Xlib:  extension "XFree86-DRI" missing on display ":0.0".
 libva: va_getDriverName() returns 0
 libva: Trying to open /usr/lib/dri/fglrx_drv_video.so
 libva: va_openDriver() returns 0
 vainfo: VA API version: 0.32
 vainfo: Driver version: Splitted-Desktop Systems XvBA backend for VA-API - 0.7.8
 vainfo: Supported profile and entrypoints
 VAProfileH264High               :  VAEntrypointVLD
 VAProfileVC1Advanced            :  VAEntrypointVLD

If not something is wrong (drop a comment for more help).

If you get a similar output your drivers are installed and any video player with hardware decoding capabilities should pick it up automatically or allow you to enable this in the player's settings.

For a list of player capable of using hardware video decoding have a look here, the list is not as complete as I wanted but its a good starting point for information.


How to keep volume optimum irrespective of bitrate?

There is a way to normalise volume with several audio and video players; i.e. whatever is playing will have the same volume level and will not distort. I have used the feature in smplayer and vlc before, although I usually usesmplayer these days.

See the vlc screenshot where you can set the normalisation level in the effects tab to whatever is appropriate and then that will apply to everything played.

I have also used the option before in smplayer (see screenshot 2) and found that it works well, although it will give you an overall higher fixed sound level, but one that will NOT distort and present unwanted frequencies for your speakers. It is particularly useful for DVDs which tend to have a lower volume level when you are not passing them through a preamp and large speakers.

There are other sound settings in smplayer that you might be able to use to tweak the sound if this setting is not to your taste. You can also alter the overall volume, tweak the levels and perform quite a lot of useful fine tuning.


I figured it out.

Go to network settings.
Tap on "Wireless" tab
Add > wireless
Tap "Scan" next to SSID.
Tap on "Wireless security" tab
Select the security type you use
Type in password.
Tap OK.


Error fetching interface information: Device not found

Have you added a second interface unit in vmware?

https://www.vmware.com/support/ws55/doc/ws_net_configurations_changing_vadapters.html


How can I use a proxy in a tool that doesn't have proxy options?

You can set up NetworkManager to route your system's traffic through your proxy. Click on the NetworkManager icon, then "Edit Connections...",  select the network you're connected to and click the cog icon. From there, click on the tab "Proxy" and enter the proxy information.


When repairing package catalog: Failed to remove essential system package

Sometimes if everything is broken, this command help.

sudo dpkg --configure -a


Booting A Pendrive On Lubuntu for windows

while I'm not sure if this would works, but might as well give it a try.

plug in your USB and run disks.
click on "format disk" and choose "MSDOS" in partitioning.
click on create a new partition and choose NTFS system.
mount window 10 ISO and copy all the files to your USB.

you should able to boot from the USB and install window 10.


Windows Vista email (.eml) files - how to open in thunderbird

Thunderbird has an import/export add-on for this.


problem with VGA output on HP elite Book 840 G3 running ubuntu 16.04

I have upgraded the kernel as recommended in the following post:
HP Elitebook 840 G3 Monitor Issue

I have tried on a videoprojector where I had no signal before
and it works ! I think this give the solution (I will try on several other videoprojector to be 100% sure...)

best

Cyril


Touchpad Stopped Working After Hibernate

If your hardware is incompatible with the standard Ubuntu pm-hibernate, you might want to check out TuxOnIce.  That is a very sophisticated hibernation program with its own PPA.

That being said: you should never install a PPA because someone told you so (including me) until you've done some research and made a sound, personal judgement as to what the risks are.

You should also remember that a 1000+ user like tuxonice recommended by 1000s of users is more likely (but not surely) safer then the 15-user ppa.maffia.ru/botnet/ppa/ubuntu.


unable to change host name on Ubuntu virtual machine

You may also need to use the systemd way of changing the hostname:

sudo hostnamectl --static set-hostname servername

Also Ubuntu has been including cloud-init in its later distributions which provides control for setting up cloud instances - including setting the hostname - so even when you use all of the above to change the hostname and it still doesn't stick after a reboot then it's worth looking into whether cloud-init is installed. If it is you've got two options - either you can disable it (after making the hostname changes as above):

 sudo touch /etc/cloud/cloud-init.disabled

Or you can create a new user-data file and reload the config - see the cloud-init docs for details.


How do i get my monitor working in 4k 60 Hz in Linux?

It is possible that some of your hardware doesn't support 4K @ 60Hz.  Here are two examples...

Something is HDMI 1.4b: The bandwidth for the HDMI 1.4b specification only supports 4K resolution (4096x2160) at a max of 30Hz:

HDMI 2.0 and up support higher resolutions and faster refresh rates, like 4K @ 60Hz

You are limited by the cable or port that is the "weakest link". Make sure that everything actually supports HDMI 2.0 or higher.  This includes the HDMI port on your laptop, the HDMI port on your monitor, the cable you're using, etc.

You are using an adapter in a way that doesn't support 4K @ 60Hz:

You could fill a small museum with the assortment of video cables and connectors that are still being used today.  The different types of video cables and connectors don't have have the same specifications and standards as each other.  To oversimplify, they speak various languages, and sometimes things can get lost or delayed in translation.

One dramatic example of this would be if you have a HDMI > VGA cable.  HDMI is a digital format and VGA is analog.  The conversion to VGA does cause some loss in quality.

With digital formats, there is not a loss in quality like what happens with digital to analog conversions.   "It either works... or it doesn't..."  So if there is some bottleneck that reduces the bandwidth of the connection below the requirements of 4K@60Hz, you will not be able to successfully use this resolution and refresh rate.


Ubuntu 9.04 upgrade to Ubuntu 11.10 failed, initramfs? SOS

First, try booting with a live CD. You might be able to mount the filesystem on your harddisk and save your files that way. (Always make backups of important data!).

After you've rescued your files, do a clean install of Ubuntu 11.10. (Note, this will delete all files on your harddisk, so make sure you've rescued any important data before you do this).


Change dropdown menu color in default Maverick theme?

You might want to have a look at the Gtk theming tutorial.


Graphical form for sudo configured as other user than current user

While groups command showed that the user 'thomas' was in sudo group, the graphical tool 'users and groups' showed no membership.

Adding the user in the 'users and groups' tool solved the issue.

The question why the command line and the gui showed differences is still unanswered.

Thomas


LXDE will not suspend when laptop lid is closed, and will die when woken up

Causes of not being able to resume from suspend can be quite varied.  It may be something in a configuration file, faulty driver, or even a kernel bug.

You can try this debugging procedure.  At least it will give you more info you can report back on.

As for the LXDE problem, I have a big suspicion it is not a real issue.  LXDE doesn't load a lot of the same stuff as Unity/Gnome.  So even if in Unity you set your laptop to suspend on lid closing, that preference may not hold anymore in LXDE.  You might have to set that separately somewhere.

Before trying anything complicated, I would try seeing what happens if you load an earlier version of the kernel at the boot screen.


Cannot connect to visible WiFi networks running Ubuntu 20.04

I ran NetworkManager's GUI connection editor from the command line using
nm-connection-editor

System seems to accept entries when done in this gtk.
Working perfectly. Now I can put away the cable.
Edit: Still need to use modprobe to switch off/on each time I log in but that's on a different question.


This is also happening to me and it is really annoying.

Fcitx is, like ibus, is a keyboard input method system. You can go to gnome-language-selector to see which one you're using. In most cases ibus may be enough and it does no harm to remove fcitx completely.

However I need fcitx but I haven't find a way to deal with that. But at least I answered part of your question.


Apache(2.4.7) LDAP URL authentication on ubuntu 14.04

According to Apache documentation:

"Directory-path is either the full path to a directory, or a wild-card string using Unix shell-style matching. In a wild-card string, ? matches any single character, and * matches any sequences of characters."

If mediawiki directory full path is /var/www/html/mediawiki try:

  <Directory /var/www/html/mediawiki>

If not, verify if you have forgot .htaccess file


Ubuntu 16.04 Black Screen when waking from suspend

If you don't have enough space on your swap partition, you might get a black screen when you awaken your system from hibernation.  The black screen used to happen to me, until I decided to sacrifice the necessary hard drive space for Suspend-to-Disk (hibernation).

Your swap partition needs to be at least as big as your RAM size.

This is covered in the The Official Ubuntu Swap FAQ:

  Hibernation (suspend-to-disk) The hibernation feature (suspend-to-disk) writes out the contents of RAM to the swap partition before turning off the machine. Therefore, your swap partition should be at least as big as your RAM size. The hibernation implementation currently used in Ubuntu, swsusp, needs a swap or suspend partition. It cannot use a swap file on an active file system.

Here's a table of example swap partitions, relative to RAM size, taken from The Official Ubuntu Swap FAQ.  They recommend a swap partition a little bigger then your RAM.

(last 3 columns denote swap space)

        RAM(MB) No hibernation  With Hibernation  Maximum
         256     256              512               512
         512     512             1024              1024
        1024    1024             2048              2048

        RAM(GB) No hibernation  With Hibernation  Maximum
          1      1                2                   2
          2      1                3                   4
          3      2                5                   6
          4      2                6                   8
          5      2                7                  10
          6      2                8                  12
          8      3               11                  16
         12      3               15                  24
         16      4               20                  32
         24      5               29                  48
         32      6               38                  64
         64      8               72                 128
        128     11              139                 256

If you don't have enough swap space, then Suspend-to-Disk will not work.

Click this link to learn how to increase your swap space.


Use -L1 to tell xargs to use only one input line per command:

cat ppas.list | xargs -L1 sudo add-apt-repository


Apache stores its VirtualHost files in /etc/apache2/sites-available/. Just after installation, only the default sites are there.

To find out the document root of the default site:

grep DocumentRoot /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

This usually yields the the following docroot (which you are looking for):

DocumentRoot /var/www


Ubuntu 12.04 is stuck in lightdm login (Unity Greeter)

At the login screen, use ctrl-alt-f1 to get to a tty login. Login, then delete ~/.Xauthority . If the X server did not shut down properly during the crash, the orphaned lock file is preventing you from starting X.


How can I record the audio output using sox?

First you need to extract the name of output device:
To do this, you can install the following modules:
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio-utils lame mpg123

And run:
pacmd list-sinks | grep -e 'name:' -e 'index' -e 'Speakers'

The output could be like this:
index: 1
    name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo>
        analog-output-speaker: Speakers (priority 10000, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
index: 23
    name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_03.0.hdmi-surround71>

After you found the name, you can run the following command to record the output to an mp3 file:
parec -d alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor | lame -r -V0 - out.mp3

Or using sox you can do the following, however I found the first solution more robust:
sox -t pulseaudio alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor -t mp3 test.mp3

However, if you want to automatically start and stop recording you can run:
sox -v 5 -t pulseaudio alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor -t mp3 test.mp3 silence 1 0.1 3% 1 3.0 3%

Or using parec:
parec -d alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor | sox -t raw -b 16 -e signed -c 2 -r 44100 - test.ogg silence 1 0.1 3% 1 3.0 3%

It begins recording when a sounds sent to the speaker and stops if nothing is received after 3 seconds. for more information about sox refer to sox man page in linux


Increasing size of /home directory in Ubuntu using unallocated space

Recommended to always backup important data before moving partitions.

The good news is, this does not move the boot partition causing your system not to boot.  You will have to do this from a LiveCD as you need to unmount all the partitions that have a key icon on them before you can move them.

You would need to move sda6, sda9, sda10 and sda11 in that order to the free space in front of them.  Then you should be able to resize sda11 to the remaining space.

The partitions are not the same from this answer, but it is very well written:

https://askubuntu.com/a/143529/231142


Change the resolution at the "Display" settings. It worked for me.


Pen drive is recognizing as a USB Internet Dongle which connects to the PC. How do the Pen drive configure well in Ubuntu 12.04?

I suggest you add a volume name (label) to the partition or partitions on the USB pendrive.  This way, when you hover over the icon on the launcher it will display the volume name so you know which is the correct device.

You can add or change the volume name using Disk Utility.  Select the correct drive in Disk Utility, then click on the unmount button.  Next click the 'edit filesystem label' button and change the name to something meaningful to you.  You can now mount the device again with the mount button and it will appear in the launcher with the correct label when you hover over it.

This is Disk Utility with the pendrive selected in the left frame.  To the right of this you can unmount the device and then change the label, then remount it again.  The pendrive in this example now has the label "white8" and its mount point is /media/white8

Now when you hover the mouse pointer over the device in the launcher it shows the label name so that you can recognise it.


Can I use a USB keyboard and mouse with the Nexus 7?

Yes, many (if not all) usb devices will be supported by using an OTG (on the go) USB cable.  Using this cable, you can attach a USB hub to the Nexus 7, and attach a mouse and keyboard to that.  This has been testing and verified as being fully functional.


Patch OpenSSL CVE-2014-0160 on ubuntu 12.04?

Ubuntu has released a patch, you just need to update and upgrade.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

To check if you have the latest and patched version, run:

openssl version -a

OpenSSL 1.0.1e 11 Feb 2013
built on: Mon Apr  7 20:33:19 UTC 2014
platform: debian-amd64

Check the "built on:" item, it should be build Apr 7.


What is Ubuntu's market share on the desktop?

Since most users don't buy Ubuntu, it isn't traded, and if there is no trade, there is no market, hence no market-share.

This might look nitpicking, but of course you don't have sales figures, if you don't sell it, so how should you count it? How do you handle parallel installations, which are quite common?

Nobody counts the number of installations in a reliable way, So it is hard to estimate.


No WiFi on Macbook Retina, also having graphics issues

You said:

  sudo cp b43_updated.zip /lib/firmware/b43 and then sudo modprobe -rv
  b43 and sudo modprobe -v b43

I believe you need to unzip the file first. Please try:

cd ~/Desktop
unzip b43_updated.zip

It extracts into its own folder b43. Continue:

sudo cp b43/*  /lib/firmware/b43
sudo modprobe -r b43 && sudo modprobe b43

It may take a reboot.


why is ext3 being used as disk format for most of linux and ubuntu and not other file systems

It is now EXT4.
EXT4 is a sucsessor to EXT3 and 2.
With the first Linux versions, EXT was used:

The extended file system, or ext, was implemented in April 1992 as the first file system created specifically for the Linux kernel.

Inspired by the Unix File System (UFS) it was:

designed by Rémy Card to overcome certain limitations of the MINIX file system.

As both EXT and Linux developed and became more advanced, Linux was designed around EXT, and it became the best filesystem for it to run on, and so EXT developed around Linux.
Each new version of EXT4 became better for linux, with support for things that linux needed.
So why not NTFS?

NTFS doesn't support Linux file permissions so you can't install a Linux system on it.

However,

Linux kernel versions 2.2.0 and later include the ability to read NTFS partitions

Advantages of EXT:

Large file system: Can support volumes with sizes up to 1 EiB and files up to 16 TiB.
Extents: Extents improve large file performance and reduce fragmentation.
Backward compatible with ext3 and ext2
Persistent pre-allocation
Delayed allocation: It delays block allocation until it writes data to disk, improving performance and reducing fragmentation.
Increasing the 32,000 subdirectory limit to be unlimited.
Journal checksumming: Using checksums in the journal to improves reliability, since the journal is one of the most used files of the disk.
Faster file system checking
Improved timestamps: It provides timestamps measured in nanoseconds, needed for critical data on some servers. Also, 2 bits of the timestamp field are added to the significant bits of the seconds field to defer the year 2038 problem for 204 years.

So essentially, it is used because it is better!
Sources:
Wikipedia EXT article
Ask Ubuntu on NTFS


Get output command from multiple machines simultaneously

For this kind of Unix shell based operation I have used Pssh (Parallel ssh) it allows you create lists of servers and then the ssh command issues requests to them in parallel using multiple threads.
To install on Ubuntu 20.04 and 20.10 just run
sudo apt install pssh

The package includes the pssh command for this purpose..
Example
Create your hosts/cluster file (Say myCluster.hosts)
192.168.0.100:2222
192.168.0.101:22
192.168.0.102:22

Then this file with the pssh command to execute the 'uptime' command on each host.
parallel-ssh -h myCluster.hosts uptime
[1] 16:09:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.0.100:2222 16:09:01 up  1:00,  2 users,  load average: 0.07, 0.02, 0.00
[2] 16:09:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.0.101:22 06:39:03 up  1:00,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.06, 0.09
[3] 16:09:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.0.102:22 08:00:01 up  1:00,  8 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.09, 0.18

The package also comes with parallel versions of scp, rsync etc.  very powerful tools.
Suggest that you use the dry run option/ testing on a single machine first to avoid breaking an entire cluster.


Cloud: can i use the same account for 2 computers with different data

If what you are backing up on Ubuntu-One is shared between the two computers, things are just fine. Just place the shared stuff under the Ubuntu-One directory.

If you have different things being backed up and their sum fits within your Ubuntu-One storage limit, make two different subdirectories under the Ubuntu-One dir and use the correct one from each machine.

Does that cover your question? or, are you asking something different?


Fan running almost constantly on HP Pavilion DV9570

I would suspect that there is a program using the CPU a lot. When the CPU is used, it creates heat inside the computer which makes the fan spin faster. Open the system monitor to see which program is using the CPU. If you go to Dash Home and type "system monitor" you should be able to start it. Then go to the Processes tab and click on the % CPU column. Then you can tell us which program is using the most CPU.


You can reinstall the settings again on your system by running :

"sudo apt-get install --reinstall gnome-control-center"
in Terminal.


You must allow access to /files/html, with something like

<Directory /files/html>
    Require all granted
</Directory>

By default, access is only granted to /var/www.


Maybe I am not understanding the question properly but Thunderbird is perfectly capable of sound notifications. Assuming it's notification of email only that you want

Then set Thunderbird to check for new mail every 1 min


Ubuntu 14.04 stuck in login loop after update, nothing seems to help

You can reset your unity before trying to login Ctl + Alt + F1 login then try Ctl + Alt + F7  install unity-reset

Installing unity-reset in tty:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:freyja-dev/unity-tweak-tool-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

To reset tweak tool

unity-tweak-tool --reset-unity

Then type:

$ unity-reset

You can aslo try to reinstall the unity if this does not work with.
 sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

Last option install new desktop from tty this option installs  Gnome Desktop

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell ubuntu-gnome-desktop


Update for Ubuntu 18.04 and above
New installations of recent versions of Ubuntu does not use a separate swap partition any more. They use a swap file by default.
Original Answer
Some Basics
Ubuntu needs at least two partitions to work well. One is called the root partition denoted by / and is formatted ext4 and the other is called Swap with its own format. Windows does not understand these formats.
So you can't use Windows to create these partitions.
What to do?
The partition you created in Windows is not suitable for Ubuntu. Delete the 100GB partition you have created and leave the space unallocated.
When you install Ubuntu, it will find the unallocated space and create the partitions it needs automatically. The Swap will be a small partition (2-4 GB) used as virtual RAM and the rest of 100GB will be /.
See How do I install Ubuntu alongside a pre-installed Windows with UEFI?
and Ubuntu installation on Windows7 with D partition for more details.
Hope this helps


Same issue here but with 13.10 64bit, however the problem for me was the Nouveau display driver.

I am using Nvidia, and moved to a proprietary Nvidia driver, rebooted and suspend now works fine.

So I would suggest checking what driver you are using and changing to the proprietary driver available for your system.

Check in: SYSTEM SETTINGS / SOFTWARE & UPDATES / ADDITIONAL DRIVERS


Suspend auto-shutdown to watch uninturupted video on Firefox

There's a handy little program called Caffeine for this purpose.

Run these commands in terminal:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:caffeine-developers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install caffeine

Now that it's installed, start typing "caffeine preferences" in the dash. Open it when it pops up.

Finally, add Firefox to the list of processes.


Gtk Drawing Area not always rendering when inside a scrolled window

I was porting some code from gtk2 to gtk3. The problem turned out to be in the new signal "draw" which now replaces "expose-event". In the older version I had to create the context in the signal handler, but the new callback has it as one of the arguments, and it is that one that should be used.


Undo fixing of broken dependencies and updates

I don't think the tty problem is due to a dependency conflict, more probably when you forced the installation of screen it did installed the program but it's not working properly.
Try to remove, boot into recovery mode and execute this:

apt-get remove --purge screen

(You won't need sudo since you're in recovery mode).

Then, you can try to install screen again, and paste here what exactly is the output of the error when you try a normal install like this:

sudo apt-get install screen


stop/delete cron jobs of users who doesn't exist anymore

Under Ubuntu, you can view crontab by /var/spool/cron/crontabs/ and then a file for each user is in there.

So delete those crontabs who's names don't exist in /etc/passwd

I hope this will be work. You can automate it by writing a script to list crontabs and check if corresponding user exist in /etc/passwd or not.


How to tell a wlan card supports RFMON mode

RFMON support depends on the chipset used in the adapter. Research the wlan card, find out what chipset it uses, and then find out if the chipset can operate in RFMON mode with the right driver.

This website is an excellent resource for just that.


Firstly, your reasons for making the share directory FAT are erroneous. Only the computer mounting the drive or partition needs to be compatible with the filesystem.  After that it is just a network resource.  If you want to store larger files (example Movies) then you've just shot yourself in the foot because the maximum file size under FAT32 is 4Gb.  Your library is much better off on a journalling filesystem like ext4 for reasons of reliability, usefulness, and speed.

rsync does work fine writing to FAT partitions - I do it all the time as some of my pendrive backups are FAT.  You do lose all the owner and permissions information though, since FAT has no way of storing this information, but it's a moot point however, since I'd recommend you drop the use of FAT32 for your mass storage device.  Look at the -av switches for rsync - ie

rsync -av ~/Downloads/Movies/  /Path-to-Destination/Movies

Which will work exactly as you want it to.


SMB/CIFS/SAMBA: Trying to mount Windows Shares as Read/Write

The answer is to add a _netdev to the fstab line

//192.168.0.10/Visual /media/Visual cifs credentials=/home/nexist/.smbcredentials,iocharset=utf8,sec=ntlm,noperm,_netdev 0 0


When upgrading, you should always use the Upgrade Manager, not the CD. they work different.

The CD repackages all installed packages found (it deletes self-compiled soft). wipes out almost all folders and reinstalls all packages back. The upgrade Manager only upgrades the packages which have a new version

To restore your /home do this:

Execute in a terminal:

sudo blkid

And note down the UUID and TYPE of the partition containing your old /home (you can get more info executing sudo fdisk -l)
Execute:

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

and add a new line at the end with the following syntax:

UUID={UUID} /home           {TYPE}    defaults        0

Replacing {UUID} and {TYPE} with the respective data.

*Be sure that there is no other line with the mount point /home, or they will conflict (if there is, comment it out using #)
Reboot