After upgrade to Ubuntu 13.10, Firefox sometimes crashes the computer

Try to run firefox with debug mode and in major cases it will be some non-compatible plug-Ins,add-ons, extensions, etc
Here is how you install debug mode for firefox : (Type the following commands in terminal)
sudo apt-get install firefox-dbg
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0-dbg libglib2.0-0-dbg  libx11-6-dbg libpango1.0-0-dbg libc6-dbg

Now close all Firefox windows, kill all Firefox processes, and follow the commands as follows:
firefox -g 2>&1 | tee ~/firefox_error.txt

Now it shows as gdb,  now follow the instructions as below :

(gdb) handle SIG33 pass nostop noprint

(gdb) set pagination 0

(gdb) run
Now the Firefox window will open and try to reproduce the crash.

Keep looking at the terminal (Split the screen and see it in parallel if you want)
Once it is done (Crashed), run the following

(gdb) bt full
(gdb) thread apply all backtrace full
(gdb) info registers
(gdb) quit

Now ~/firefox_error.txt will have the complete crash report. While debugging you will see some errors and usually of plug ins, simply disable or update them.
In my case it was a plug in called "Ghostery". This is how I resolved. Feel free to update with an error report here, so more people can help.


What is a positional argument error in the terminal?

You have to provide directory path of blender executable file.

usr@Dell:~/Desktop$ sudo ./radeon.run  <blender_path>

I have my blender executable file in /usr/bin. So that, my blender path will be /usr/bin. Complete command:

sudo ./radeon.run /usr/bin


I haven't received my verification code from Ubuntu One & tried 3 e-mail addresses!

Have you tried submitting a support request on the login support form?

They may be able to help you out.


Is it possible to upgrade Ubuntu 16.04 LTS running on an AWS vm to Ubuntu Pro to gain access to the extended support?

Never ever for whatever reason do you upgrade an instance.

Or do I need to spin up a new instance?

Always create a new instance.
And for the simplest of reasons: you do not have a live session, nor do you have access to GRUB. If the boot fails due to some stupid error your instance is dead, gone, never to return and you will need to depend on backups to restore your system. You only take that risk when you are toying around with instances.
Besides that:

4th December 2019 – Canonical today announced the availability of Ubuntu Pro images for Amazon Web Services (AWS). Available via AWS Marketplace, covering Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, 16.04 LTS and 18.04 LTS, these new premium images allow enterprises to purchase extended maintenance, broader security coverage, and critical compliance features by simply selecting and running an image on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) — with no contract required.

Ubuntu Pro IS an image. Not an upgrade from another version.


I had a pretty old router and it seems it was the problem. I changed it and now everything works fine. Old router vs brand new laptop wasn't quite compatible.


How to run Ubuntu and windows 10 on an external hard drive in a MAC?

You can manage a triple boot with your Mac. It has advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages:

You can run any Operating system with your machine.
You can handle with every file.(open a .exe file in windows, .run
file on Ubuntu etc.)
Since it's 4 TB you have plenty space that you won't need cloud
space and you wont need extra space for your collections.

Disadvantages:

Bootloader may be strong to configure, especially installing Windows
will require you Bootcamp and it could be break Ubuntu's bootloader
You may need to plug your external HDD everytime that you open the
machine because it might be stuck on bootloader(for not recognizing
other OSses.)

My suggestion is that you first create a dual boot with Bootcamp. After that install Ubuntu and link them together.

You can also install without doing bootcamp that is written here.

Good luck!


How to shrink /var FS (ext4) to create a new partition

Well, I usually do it this way:

boot any debian based live system from CD
backup your disk
sudo apt-get install gparted (if not already installed)
sudo gparted &
shrink your partition
create a new partition

any questions?


How Do I get to know which com port my USB modem is connected to? Is there any command?

Execute following command in terminal :

lsusb

It will look like this

You see the device 004 : .... shows logitech Inc, it is the port where my usb mouse is attached, check your usb devices and see the name of your modem corresponding to device 00X.

Check this for more info


Internet slow on Ubuntu but not windows using a RTL8111

Most probably you need to install the driver from here: http://www.realtek.com/downloads/downloadsView.aspx?Langid=1&PNid=13&PFid=5&Level=5&Conn=4&DownTypeID=3&GetDown=false#2

The package comes with an install script.

As others have mentioned this is a known issue, try searching for "Realtek RTL8111".


How can I install subversion 1.5.1 (very old release)

On Ubuntu we can get Subversion 1.5.4, you already know this.

But according to the contents of http://archive.debian.org/debian/pool/main/s/subversion/ we have Debian release with subversion 1.5.1dfsg1-7. These files are dated as 2011-12-26 01:55. So according to dates (checked on distrowatch) - you need Debian 5.0 (lenny).

You can create schroot for it in any supported Ubuntu version:

sudo apt-get install schroot debootstrap -y

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/schroot/chroot.d/lenny.conf
[lenny]
description=Debian 5 lenny
directory=/srv/chroot/lenny
root-users=$USER
type=directory
users=$USER
EOF

sudo mkdir -p /srv/chroot/lenny

sudo debootstrap lenny /srv/chroot/lenny http://archive.debian.org/debian

update package lists in the schroot environment (ignore KEYEXPIRED messages by pressing y):

schroot -c lenny -u root apt-get update

and then check subversion-related packages:

schroot -c lenny apt-cache policy subversion

subversion:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1.5.1dfsg1-7
  Version table:
     1.5.1dfsg1-7 0
        500 http://archive.debian.org lenny/main Packages

and finally install them

schroot -c lenny -u root apt-get install subversion

If you need to chroot to the Debian 5.0 (lenny) environment just run schroot -c lenny -u root.

Let's do it together.

Enter chroot with schroot -c lenny -u root
Run command svn --version in the chroot and get:

# svn --version
svn, version 1.5.1 (r32289)
compiled May 31 2011, 16:16:34
...

For sure run command dpkg -l | egrep -i "svn|subversion" in the chroot and get:

# dpkg -l | egrep -i "svn|subversion"
ii  libsvn1                         1.5.1dfsg1-7             Shared libraries used by Subversion
ii  subversion                      1.5.1dfsg1-7             Advanced version control system

I recorded Asciinema cast to show how it works.

Seems to be working solution. Long live Debian!


How to bind super-c and super-v to copy and paste in gnome-terminal?

You can achieve using xmodmap commands:

remove mod4 = Super_L
keysym Super_L = Control_L
add Control = Control_L

Save the above lines as super_as_ctrl.xmodmap. Test by executing

xmodmap super_as_ctrl.xmodmap

To make the change permanent (surviving re-login/reboot) just rename the file to .Xmodmap in your home folder.

(Tested on Ubuntu 14.x live system)

PS: You could also make use of other windows button. Not sure how to do that.


How to boot to a terminal from a black screen and flashing cursor after updating the NVIDA graphics driver

Two thoughts:  For low level logins, like you're doing, frequently the ENTER key must be pressed to get a login prompt.

Just because the graphics are crazy, doesn't mean that the daemons like sshd didn't come up properly.


Is it possible to automatically switch to HDMI sound output? 13.04

It is not as easy as it looks at first sight to acchieve this. See the discussion below for reasons why it is in fact rather complicated:

Disucssion on implementing pulseaudio auto-switching of audio devices

The existing modules module-switch-on-connect, and module-switch-on-port-available will not work consistently with HDMI.

At present there is much effort being done to implement a priority list feature which will let us define the priority of an audio device for pulseaudio to route to it (or not):

Pulseaudio priority routing

Until this will be generally available in a future release of PulseAudio we have not much more choice than manually switching the audio output sink whenever we connect to a HDMI audio device.

To make life easier in case we often have to switch our output devices we may consider writing a small script to enable toggling between two output sinks. See these questions for a start:

How to change pulseaudio sink with  "pacmd set-default-sink" during playback?
How can I change the default audio device from command line?


Launching the application on startup before starting Desktop GUI

I am not sure why you would want to run an X application (a graphics application) before the graphics user interface (first logical outcome of the X server) comes up, I am taking Mark Kirby's advise and expanding my comment though.
Your Ubuntu's X server is the dock onto which all graphical applications, mouse events, everything a modern OS carries are connected to. It's not possible to have an app with GUI without it's carrier, the X server. The desktop GUI is the first logical conclusion of X server startup. It has been irreversibly programmed this way.
If you give some clues as to why you are trying to do this in the first place, maybe the community will give you more assistance.
Cheer up, Ubuntu desktop GUI is very advanced and efficient.


It would be helpful if you could include the graphics card of your computer. Are you able to select 'safe' mode in grub and do a sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade in a terminal. You can also try this when you drop to terminal by pressing ctrl+alt+f1 and log in there.


Emulator -avd does not launch the virtual device

I'm pretty sure you can solve this by calling the emulator from the directory where it is installed: e.g.

$ cd /home/amir/Android/Sdk/tools/
$ emulator -avd <name>

Consider creating an env variable $ANDROID_HOME.

If your directory matches my example above, set the variable to /home/amir/Android/Sdk (don't include tools).

Some people report that this resolved the problem for them, so that they didn't even need to start the emulator from within the tools directory.

I cannot confirm this though, but it's easier to cd $ANDROID_HOME/tools && emulator <name>, isn't it?


oli@bert:~$ which bash
/bin/bash

Why would you expect it to be in /usr/bin/ instead of /bin/? You'll see from the FHS that /bin/ is supposed to be for essential userspace applications of which bash is most certainly one.

/usr/bin/ is for less essential stuff.


In Nautilus we can define View --> Sidebar --> Places" to see available directories and drives. Available unmounted partitions will be mounted and their content will be displayed on selecting them with the mouse.


Is the Ubuntu 12.04 server support linux kernel version 2.4.20?

No, the kernel versions available in the official Ubuntu 12.04 repositories are:

3.2.0, provided by package linux-generic
3.5.0, provided by package linux-generic-lts-quantal
3.8.0, provided by package linux-generic-lts-raring

If you manage to install any kernel from a not official repository, it would be unsupported.


I can't get my dns server to work (1.1.1.1)

As resolved ( no pun intended ) in the comments, setting DNS on 18.04 can be done by configuring systemd-resolved  either via

# note, is the device via which you access internet - wireless or ethernet
# interface name can be found via `ip addr` command
systemd-resolve --set-dns=1.1.1.1 --interface=wlp2s0

or  via editing /etc/systemd/resolved.conf to contain the following lines

[Resolve]
DNS=1.1.1.1

As reported by OP in the comments, they had to restart the system in order to make changes apply, which also suggests a sudo systemctl restart networking would be sufficient without restart.

For multiple DNS servers, Arch Wiki suggests either providing multiple nameserver addresses as in /etc/systemd/resolved.conf.d/dns_servers.conf file:

[Resolve]
DNS=1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1

OR via separate file for fallback nameserver  in /etc/systemd/resolved.conf.d/fallback_dns.conf

[Resolve]
FallbackDNS=1.0.0.1

IPv6 addresses can be used just the same


Easiest way: use rsync to copy your ~ folder over SSH to another machine (suppose that the same user account with same password exists on that target host). Log in as that user (it is always safer to restart display manager).
A bit more detailed:

Create the same user account on machine 2

install and start openssh-server on both boxes and start them

Use rsync to copy the entire ~ over SSH to machine 2, for example, you are pushing ~ from machine 1 to machine 2 (of course it can be done the other way around - pull)
rsync -avhz --progress --stats /home/user user@machine2:/home

On machine 2, make sure the owner / group is correct, restart display manager (or the host) and login as that user

BTW: if you want to have exactly the same packages installed on both machines (need to be on the same arch), use
sudo dpkg --get-selections > pkg.list

scp or rsync the file to machine 2 and do the following
sudo dpkg --set-selections < pkg.list
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade


Without knowing for sure what your exact problem is, I can tell you that I have successfully installed Oracle EE on Ubuntu.  There are several steps involved in this process, so I'm going to take an educated guess at what might be holding you up.

Ubuntu is not on Oracle's list of officially-supported Linux distributions, and the installer is smart enough to figure that out.  To get past that, you need to add a flag that tells the installer to ignore the system pre-requisite checks.

./runInstaller.sh -ignoreSysPrereqs [set additonal flags here]

If you're running into additional problems, please post your exact error messages, or check this step-by-step process on how to install Oracle 11g R2 on ubuntu 12.04.  You also might want to check this question: How can I install Oracle 11g R2?


Dash-to-Dock keeps disappearing on Ubuntu 18.04

I use 16.04, and the way I overcome this is by soft restart. Open command Alt+F2 then enter r and everything backs to normal to me


I solved my problem. There was an option in the Unity Tweak Tool that was preventing any screen lock. Desktop lock checkbox must be disabled. Thanks to https://askubuntu.com/a/91719/219893


Is there a screensaver settings GUI for OpenBox/LXDE?

What about this:

Menu>Preferences>Screensaver Preferences


Gptsync failure on Macbook Pro 8,2, Ubuntu 13.10 dualboot

I have a number of comments/observations and questions:

rEFIt is abandonware, and along with it, its version of gptsync. I've forked rEFIt as rEFInd, and recent versions include an updated version of gptsync (as an EFI application; it doesn't currently work when compiled as a Linux application). To use my gptsync in rEFInd, though, you must both install the gptsync_{arch}.efi program file and edit the showtools line in refind.conf to enable the gptsync option. This hoop-jumping is deliberate for the following reason:
Hybrid MBRs, which is what gptsync creates, are flaky and dangerous. It's best to avoid them unless you need them, which on a Mac you do need in order to boot in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. You also need them to boot Windows on a Mac, except for Windows 8 on some models, and Windows 7 if you jump through a lot of hoops. There are alternatives to a BIOS/CSM/legacy-mode boot, though....
Although booting in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode is sometimes necessary, it's often better to boot Linux in EFI mode. In fact, this is one of the reasons I created rEFInd; it can boot a Linux kernel (version 3.3.0 or later) in EFI mode without using GRUB or any other boot loader. You'll need to have an EFI filesystem driver for whatever filesystem holds your kernel, though. (Several come with rEFInd.) Alternatively, you can install any other EFI boot loader you like to boot in EFI mode rather than in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode.
Could you elaborate on your statement that "Tux shows up in the menu, but freezes on load when choosing this option?" Are you referring to the rEFIt menu or some other menu? When you select the option, does anything happen before the freeze -- for instance, do you see a GRUB menu, does the screen change color, or do you see any text (even briefly)? Details such as these are vital for diagnosing problems.


Suspend to Ram - Thinkpad X1 Carbon 2017, Ubuntu 17.04

Could be related to a new power safe feature.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1678184

So far I'm running ok with the suggested workaround that prevents deeper power safe states.
I modified /etc/default/grub the line
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=6000 "
and then make it active with "sudo update-grub "
Se also accepted answer here: EXT4-fs error after Ubuntu 17.04 upgrade


Is there a native log for outgoing ssh commands?

Generally, no, there are no logs about outgoing events as it's assumed someone requested them.

Depending on how your attacker logged in and how they ran their attack, there may be entries in various history files (e.g. ~/.bash_history), but there won't be anything in syslogs unless you specifically add rules to log that. If you want, you can set up outgoing connection logging, though some care must be taken to only log what you want to do. One such example is available on the Fedora forum and leverages iptables.

As for your root login question. Generally, the attackers don't care much about getting root access. They only want another server to run their attack scripts on. root is part of the dictionary used for user attacks, just in the rare event that someone has a root account enabled with a weak password. Additionally, there's no guarantee that a user is in /etc/sudoers, and you're wasting precious attack time trying to see if a user has (unnecessary) sudo access.


Can boot, but not login to xubuntu from dual boot

The problem turned out to be lightdm, which handles the graphical login, disabling lightdm: (as root in recovery mode):

systemctl disable lightdm.service

And creating .xinitrc (in my normal user home folder) containing

exec startxfce4

Did the trick (I can now log in from CLI, and start Xfce using startx, which is what I prefer).


Problem with encryption algorithm 'aes256'

General warning in advance: do not manually change the cryptsetup parameters with options like -c (--cipher), -s (--key-size) and -h (--hash). The defaults are generally sane enough and unless you know what you are doing, you might actually select worse parameters.

These defaults are shown with cryptsetup --help. For reference, on Ubuntu 16.04 with cryptsetup 1.7.2, the defaults are:

  LUKS1: aes-xts-plain64, Key: 256 bits, LUKS header hashing: sha1, RNG: /dev/urandom

On Arch Linux with cryptsetup 1.7.2, the defaults are:

  LUKS1: aes-xts-plain64, Key: 256 bits, LUKS header hashing: sha256, RNG: /dev/urandom

The instructions you linked were written for a Ubuntu version released in 2010. Nowadays (and maybe even back then) you do not have to manually load kernel modules in order to setup full disk encryption. These are automatically loaded when cryptsetup is invoked.

In the context of Linux kernel modules, the aes name is a module name and alias for several possible implementations. There is one generic aes module which is built into the kernel image. Then there are alternative, faster implementation which depend on some hardware or CPU capabilities (like padlock-aes and aesni-intel).

Even if these hardware-accelerated modules cannot be loaded, there is still the fallback to the generic AES implementation which is why cryptsetup can still use it.

To confirm that AES256 encryption is indeed in use, you can use the cryptsetup luksDump /dev/sdb1 command which shows something like:

...
Cipher name:    aes
Cipher mode:    xts-plain64
Hash spec:      sha256
Payload offset: 4096
MK bits:        256

Here you can see that the AES cipher was used using the SHA256 hash function for password derivation. The key size is 256 bits (so you are indeed using AES256).

For your last question (why you do not have an /etc/modprobe/aliases file), this file does not exist in recent Ubuntu versions.


After upgrade from ubuntu 12 to ubuntu 16, printer prints od wrong side of a paper

ok, figured, its "Page orientation". When typing system-config-printer into terminal I am able to change orientation. No idea why is that changed when I upgraded to Ubuntu16


Ubuntu/Linux unusable lag due to Graphics Driver/Card or Monitor?

Installed Ubuntu 12.04LTS & 13 on Samsung SSD 830 and Verbatim 64 GB SSD without any problems. Paralell to windows XP,7, Win8 32&64 bit as Dualboot Systems.
On Notebook and Desktop Systems.

Guess your OCZ SSD is the problem ?
My expierences with a lot  of OCZ SSD's in the Windows World where not satisfying!
So i early switçhed to the Samsung 470 and 830 Series they all work fine.


iso download fails Ubuntu Server 12.04.1 LTS 32bit

Open this as a text file.

You will able to see all links. Maybe you will be able to use them. Try each one, one by one.


Ubuntu 18.04 - DisplayLink not working (any more)

Cause may be

updated X in combination with Intel graphics card
enabled secure boot

Try the following steps to fix it:

Disable secure boot
Try work-around from
DisplayLink Ubuntu driver after recent X upgrades does not work with Intel GPUs


How to make app. Icons stay on 12.10 Launch bar

Ok, it works now. I think the problem is don't always have Right click working (available) on my mouse to lock them. A system error keeps coming up on each reboot, and comes back several times, then asks about video problem, and system hang up, i apported it several times, but then i just have to cancel all the warnings as they come up. Otherwise i would just sit here forever. It seems to go circles, but i am not sure.


If you want to install the latest version of Firefox, you can perform the following in a terminal:

First use the update command to update your system's package information:

sudo apt-get update

Then use the install command to update Firefox to the latest version:

sudo apt-get install firefox

You could also use the upgrade command (sudo apt-get upgrade), but only if you want to update all currently installed software packages.


nVidia driver reset after each kernel update

After 1st boot failure and switching to console (Ctrl+Alt+F1 or any to F6).

Build driver modules for the current kernel (which just installed)

sudo sh ./<DRIVER>.run -K

Reboot:

sudo reboot

No need to reboot multiple times and switch adapters.

Reference: Ubuntu Wiki: Nvidia Manual - Kernel and Mesa Updates
To be complete, For driver release >=304 it is possible to register its module to DKMS. DKMS will take care of building it for each newly installed kernel.

Install DKMS (For some reasons, it may not be installed already)

sudo apt-get install dkms

Reinstall nVidia driver with DKMS option.

sudo sh ./<DRIVER>.run --dkms

After this, it should be no need to redo the steps above any more. A way to verify/check after new kernel install:

dkms status

References:

Registering the NVIDIA Kernel Module with DKMS
sh ./<DRIVER>.run --advanced-options


What is managing SSH keys in Unity, and how do I reset / disable / configure it?

Gnome Keyring is managing the ssh keys in Unity by default.

auth.log shows this

gnome-keyring-daemon[1823]: no private keys found in file
gnome-keyring-daemon[1823]: invalid or unrecognized private SSH key: <email>
gnome-keyring-daemon[1823]: signing of the data failed: The operation failed
gnome-keyring-daemon[1823]: no private keys found in file
gnome-keyring-daemon[1823]: invalid or unrecognized private SSH key: <email>
gnome-keyring-daemon[1823]: signing of the data failed: The operation failed

A blog post here details how to disable Gnome Keyring in desktop sessions. I've listed the steps below.

Steps to disable Gnome Keyring in Unity :

1) "Unhide" the Gnome Keyring from Startup Applications by editting the /etc/xdg/autostart/gnome-keyring-ssh.desktop file and change "NoDisplay" to false.

2) Run "Startup Applications" via Dash, and uncheck Gnome Keyring. This will prevent Gnome Keyring from starting when Unity starts.

3) Log out, then log in again.

After the re-login, I'm able to run git clone <url> and git fetch successfully.


If Linux detects a problem on the harddrive, it will switch the filesystem to read only to prevent damage to the filesystem.

Since this is happening during install, I would assume something is wrong with the CD (ie. a bad ISO). You can find this out by running the 'check cd' option you get during boot. If this shows errors you need to re-download and re-burn the install disc.

If the installation disc turns out to be perfect it is likely to be a hardware problem. It could be your hard disc that is failing. Or if it is a desktop it could also be a faulty cable.

Source of this information.


uname -r returns the wrong kernel version

Not exacly.

uname will tell you what kernel is running, not which is installed. So you might have installed the new kernel, but the system would only be running it after a reboot.

After you have installed a new kernel, especially manually, you will need to run sudo update-grub in a terminal window and reboot afterwards.

If the kernel 3.16 was installed correctly, be sure that it is chosen in GRUB2, when booting your PC. To be sure, you can select the "Advanced option for Ubuntu" option in grub. There all your installed kernels are present.

But the sudo update-grub part is crucial when manually installing kernels.


How to stop Orca from running when I open sound preferences?

Go to System Settings then Assistive Technologies, and turn either turn it off completely, or change out orca in the Applications settings.

It may also work to just remove orca with  sudo apt-get remove gnome-orca .  This assumes you don't need Orca.


how to configure a desired Kernel version on Grub?

Install grub-optimizer from the software center and start it. It will let you set the kernel to boot and many more settings.

Without grub-optimizer: GRUB can be set to boot from the kernel it booted from successfully the last time you booted. So that would solve your problem with just a setting.

Use an editor to open /etc/default/grub and change ...

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true

Save and update grub with ...

sudo update-grub


Second Hard drive does not appear in the Ubuntu installer, "Installation Type" screen

Assuming you are trying to install ubuntu not alongside with Windows, so base on the installation instruction stated here, on step no.4 choose 'Something else', step no.5 you can select the 2nd hard drive by choosing it in 'Select drive' tab.

hope this helps


How To Download APT And All It's Dependencies?

Either I am gravely mistaken, or there's something fundamentally wrong with apt having 302 dependencies + sub-dependencies. How can any distribution claim to lightweight if it depends on apt, then? At least, in my laptop, reinstalling apt doesn't mention any dependencies at all, so I am not sure where you got that figure from. I cooked up a script to check. On Ubuntu 14.04, I get 24 dependencies:

dpkg gcc-4.8-base gcc-4.9-base gnupg gpgv install-info libacl1 libapt-pkg4.12 libattr1 libbz2-1.0 libc6 libgcc1 liblzma5 libpcre3 libreadline6 libselinux1 libstdc++6 libtinfo5 libusb-0.1-4 multiarch-support readline-common tar ubuntu-keyring zlib1g

I then learned about apt-rdepends: http://xmodulo.com/2013/07/how-to-check-package-dependencies-on-ubuntu-or-debian.html

I installed and ran it, filtered the dependencies, sorted and compared to find the same list I got with the script. So I can safely conclude that these are all the packages you need to install apt. I think one of those gcc-4.[89] can be ignored depending on which one you want to install. Note that this list has trimmed down from Ubuntu 12.04, on which running this script (on a server) gave me 28 dependencies:

coreutils debconf dpkg gcc-4.6-base gnupg gpgv install-info libacl1 libapt-pkg4.12 libattr1 libbz2-1.0 libc6 libc-bin libgcc1 liblzma5 libreadline6 libselinux1 libstdc++6 libtinfo5 libusb-0.1-4 multiarch-support perl-base readline-common tar tzdata ubuntu-keyring xz-utils zlib1g

Presumably the packages have been trimmed down. The lack of dependency on coreutils and debconf is startling, I must say.

On a side note, I agree with this bug given in apt-rdepends man page:

  apt-rdepends exists.  This functionality should really reside in apt-
   cache itself.

The apt-cache tool provides four relevant commands that Braiam, unorthodox-grammar and I have discussed:

depends: List the (forward) dependencies. This also includes all the packages that are recommended, and also includes packages in the Breaks, Conflicts and Replaces sections. We just need to look at the Depends and Pre-Depends packages.
rdepends: There's an unfortunate naming clash with apt-rdepends. Both apt-rdepends and my aforementioned script check for dependencies recursively, whereas the apt-cache command is looking for reverse dependencies - packages which depend on the package in consideration. Use this command to check for potentially breakages caused by a package depending on a specific version of the one you are going got change.
showsrc: This command gives information about the source package that was use to build a package. A single source package can be used to build multiple binary packages - each of which may or may not depend on the others. apt, for example, depends on libapt-pkg, but not on libapt-inst, both of which are provided by the apt source package. Use this command to gain some insight into other packages you should install, which may not be dependencies, but which may be needed for greater utility,
showpkg: This command, among other things, lists both reverse and forward dependencies. The reverse dependencies are listed in a straightforward list, but the forward ones are a bit of a jumble - I still am not sure what the numbers mean. In any case, the individual commands depends and rdepends are clearer.

Thus, if we need to look at all the packages that a package might depend on directly or indirectly, apt-rdepends is what we need.


Many problems booting / shuting down ubuntu 12.10

3.5.0-21 seems slow in general. I reverted to 3.5.0-19 and everything is fine again.
On boot, hold the right shift key down, go to the Advanced Setting menu and choose the previous kernel.


How do I set a "custom" browser as default in Preferred Applications

sudo update-alternatives --config x-www-browser

Result shoud be:

There are 3 choices for the alternative x-www-browser
(providing /usr/bin/x-www-browser).

  Selection    Path                       Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/bin/xlinks2            69        auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/chromium-browser   40        manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/firefox            40        manual mode
  3            /usr/bin/xlinks2            69        manual mode

Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

But you will have conkeror too.

Result after choosing 1:

update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/chromium-browser to provide /usr/bin/x-www-browser (x-www-browser) in manual mode.


How to enable degraded RAID1 boot in 16.04LTS?

The mentioned bug appears in mdadm 3.3-2ubuntu7 and has been fixed in 3.4-2.

The latest mdadm release for yakkety (16.10) 3.4-4 contains the fix already and is available for 16.10 but not (yet?) for 16.04LTS.

Thus I upgraded mdadm of my 16.04LTS by hand:

wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/275652884/mdadm_3.4-4_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mdadm_3.4-4_amd64.deb

To verify I

shut down the computer
unplugged one of the disks/ssd
Turn on the computer

Observing the console: Boot from degraded raid array works!

Bug:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mdadm/+bug/1635049
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=784070


How to chat yahoo messenger with empathy?

This may vary depending on your window manager.

Go to the top right of the screen and click on the little envelope icon. From the drop-down list choose "Chat". A little window called "Contact List" should open up. (You may have to click on a blue and white word balloon in your task bar.)   On the top left of the screen it should say "Empathy Internet Messaging". If it doesn't do this click on the "Contact List" window. Hower your cursor over "Empathy Internet Messaging" and you should get a menu. Choose Chat => Search for Contacts.

Ubuntu likes to hide it's menus, but once you know where they hide it's not a problem.

Hope this works for you.


This is because dnsmasq (DHCP server) is not installed in your system.

To install dnsmasq type the following command:

sudo apt-get install dnsmasq

To configure dnsmasqvisit this link: Dnsmasq


Is there any risk to lose data if reinstall ubuntu-desktop?

can I lose any data

Unlikely. Worst that happens is that the reinstall is interupted leaving an unusable system. If that happens a live session can be used to extract personal data. But ... if you have anything important you should already have a backup and can restore files from that.

  or will fix the graphics issue?

Unlikely; in my experience if you have a problem best to do is to focus on the problem and check log files for errors you can search on. If you have problems with graphics all you would(/should need to do is purge the graphics driver (so not just the uninstall option), reboot so it starts using the generic driver and then install another version of the graphics driver. That should fix any problems with a graphics driver.

You will have better luck installing a newer version (18.04 if you want to stick to LTS). Your problem might be a bug in the driver used for 16.04 and have a fix in a newer version.

  Have been facing graphics issue while the system is booting.

Too vague to help you with. Like state above: I myself would dive into the different logs, check for error notices and messages that indicate a problem and search for those. And if that fails install the newest (LTS) Ubuntu.


You need to fix your sudoers problem first, as it will be necessary to run chown in this case. As described in this Stack exchange question in most Unix systems users may only run chown if they have the target user and group privileges.

To fix your sudoers problem:

During boot press and hold the left Shift key or any other key and select "Advanced options for Ubuntu"
boot in "Recovery mode".
Select "Enable networking"
Select "Drop to a root shell propmpt":

Run the following commands

chown root:root /usr/lib/sudo/sudoers.so
chmod 644 /usr/lib/sudo/sudoers.so

Reboot normally.


Try going to System settings -> Software & updates -> Additional drivers

It will take a little time while it searches for drivers. In my case, I needed to install a proprietary Broadcom driver. I hope this helps.


Easiest would be to open the terminal and then write "dmesg" to look for gaps as Peck proposed. The output would be less verbose than the messages one. You will see the time stamps within "[]" brackets.

This is clearly a bug. With that system you should not have a boot longer than ~10 seconds.


Try this alternative program: http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/


There is an article on OMG! Ubuntu! at http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2016/07/someone-just-installed-unity-windows giving a pointer to a description of the process to have Unity run on the Ubuntu subsystem of Windows 10. Quote: "the entire run-through is not for the faint hearted".


How can I uninstall popcorn time from Ubuntu 14.04?

Because Popcorn Time isn't a package from the repositories, but was (presumably) installed from a Zip file, you should be able to locate the folder you unzipped into and delete its contents, then remove the folder and any desktop shortcuts.


To expand in GParted, the partition needs to be unmounted. So you cannot resize root (/) from GParted. You can try the resize2fs program from the command line (after using fdisk to recreate the partition to the larger size with the same starting cylinder). That only works if the free space comes after the partition. So, in your case, the only option is to reboot to a live USB, resize the partition using GParted like @ryekayo said. This will cause your filesystem's UUID to change, so you will have to change the UUID in your fstab, update GRUB, etc. (see this answer). It would be simpler to backup your home and reinstall.


Have a look under 3rd Party Drivers. The recommended nVidia driver should be listed there. If it is, just enable it.


mysql-server installation gives this error: useradd: existing lock file /etc/passwd.lock without a PID

You're on the right track, but not really there yet. The file you read about is the /etc/passwd file, not the /etc/passwd.lock file. /etc/passwd defines which user accounts are available on you machine, which group(s) they belong to and other things. Many, many years ago /etc/passwd also contained the account's passwords. But for security reasons those were relocated into the so called "shadow password system" (which is essentially another file with stricter permissions).

/etc/passwd.lock is, as the name suggests, a lock file. Lock files are meant to indicate that a ressource is used by somebody else at the moment and therefore isn't available for you. Lock files are quite common, they've even got a default directory to store them into, /var/lock.

Back to /etc/password: This file and many other files are essentially text files and you technically can edit them with any text editor. But you really shouldn't, because if you mess up, you can do a lot of damage with a simple typo. Therefore, there's a bunch of tools to edit those central configuration files that at least try to prevent the largest mistakes.

To edit the /etc/passwd and some other files, you should use the vipw command. On of the things that vipw does is that it locks the corresponding file. That's to make sure that no two users or applications are editing the config file at the same time. So if you edit a user account with vipw, the command creates the /etc/passwd.lock lock file, to indicate that /etc/passwd isn't available for changes at the moment. Then it applies the changes and deletes the lock file to lift the lock.

In your case something seems to have gone wrong and the lock file wasn't removed, for whatever reason. So, when you tried to install the MySQL server, it couldn't edit /etc/passwd, because the lock file essentially told it "this ressource is in use, try again later".

Finally, what does the MySQL server have to do with /etc/passwd? One of the basic concepts of Unix and therefore Linux systems is that they're multi-user systems. There are multiple user accounts, which have different permissions (it's a bit more complicated than that, but that's the gist of it). You probably already know about the root account and your user account. But on a typical system, there are quite some more accounts "under the hood". On the machine I'm writing this on, which is basically a vanilly Ubuntu desktop installation, /etc/passwd defines 42 user accounts.

Generally, different accounts are used to shield stuff from people who aren't meant to mess with it, or to define who can use something and who can't. The MySQL server is executed under its own mysql account, and many other services and daemons (web servers, mail servers etc.) do something similarily.

So, to sum things up, your scenario was as follows: The installation process for the MySQL tried to add its mysql account to /etc/passwd, but the existence of the lock file told it that it couldn't do that at the moment.


As long as you perform the needed updates, Ubuntu 14.04 does not exhibit the Heartbleed bug.
If you get the latest ISO, 14.04.1, you definitely have the latest versions of the packages and are OK with regards to Heartbleed.


I encountered this problem when upgrading from 12.10 to 13.04.  No matter what I did, the VMware Tools installer couldn't seem to find the headers.  For the record, here's how I installed the headers:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r)

Turns out, the installer is looking for the version.h file in under [kernelsource path]/include/linux/version.h, it's not there. The location of version.h is [kernelsource path]include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h

The solution is a symlink:

sudo ln -s /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/include/linux/version.h

After creating this symlink, I was able to run the VMware Tools installer without a problem.


After spending lot of time and energy, I finally could manage to solve the problem myself.

It seems by default, Tor should be set in such a way to use the port 9050 for socks5. This setting can be found in /etc/tor/torsocks.conf file. Look at these lines in this file:

# Default Tor address and port. By default, Tor will listen on localhost for
# any SOCKS connection and relay the traffic on the Tor network.
TorAddress 127.0.0.1
TorPort 9050

Based on my TorBrowser setting, the browser uses port 9150 instead of 9050. So, I changed the relevant line and set 9150 as the port.

Now, torsocks and torify work as expected.
(Just it seems there is some technical issue with ifconfig.me website, since I cannot open it even in browser. But other websites are working well.)


An Ubuntu desktop should be set up with UTF-8 encoding. For some reason your system tries to set the latin1 locale en_US.ISO-8859-1. You should really change that.

Maybe the setting takes place in /etc/default/locale.

Whereever it happens, change it to

LANG=en_US.UTF-8

or else you will encounter various locale related surprises.


apt-file is its own separate program that is not part of apt, but has interactions with apt components, more specifically it pulls a list of 'files' known in packages and then searches the data in those lists of files to find certain searched-for terms and parameters.  It has apt-like functions but it's its own package in the Universe (non-main, community-contributed and supported) repositories.

apt-cache however is part of the apt packages/suite, and is a 'standard' apt utility/program that is installed with every Ubuntu installation.


Use plugreport to see a list of connected 1394 devices in linux.

I use it with plugctl to set channels to record more than one stream at a time with DVgrab.  Im not sure what to do if it's not listed in the output of plugreport, but if it is, you should be able to tell DVgrab exactly what channel to look for your DV camera on.  Also I would say that for sure until you see it in plugreport's output, it's not going to with with DVgrab.


Now that Ubuntu 17.10 onward Gnome is going to be default ans those of us who have gotten used to the guest session feature in lightdm unity-greeter. There is a solution as described here:

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/258544/create-guest-account-in-gnome-3-x-on-arch-linux

Note: changed gdm to gdm3 in the code from original post by terdon at U&L.

Three steps:

Guest folders under /tmp, under gdm3 non-password login is not allowed, so create a password with greater than 5 character in length.

sudo useradd -d /tmp/guestx -p XXXXX guestx

Create and edit some PostLogin and PostSession bash scripts in /etc/gdm3

(a) PostLogin script

create/edit

sudo nano /etc/gdm3/PostLogin/Default

and add

#!/bin/sh
guestuser="guestx" ## Next set up guest user session files/folders
if [[ "$USER" = "$guestuser" ]]; then
   mkdir /tmp/"$guestuser"
   cp /etc/skel/* /tmp/"$guestuser"
   chown -R "$guestuser":"$guestuser" /tmp/"$guestuser"
fi
exit 0

(b) PostSession script

create/edit

sudo nano /etc/gdm3/PostSession/Default

and add

#!/bin/sh
guestuser="guestx" ## Next clear the guest user session files/folders
if [[ "$USER" = "$guestuser" ]]; then
   rm -rf /tmp/"$guestuser"
fi
exit 0

Make the above scripts executable:

sudo chmod 755 /etc/gdm3/PostLogin/Default /etc/gdm3/PostSession/Default

gdm3 does not allow no password logins, so set a password for this new guest user account. For those who do not know howto, take a look here:

https://people.gnome.org/~shaunm/mobile-mallard/gnome-help/user-addguest.html

CAUTION: I would suggest not check the 'Do not ask password at login', otherwise you will always boot into a guest session Lol :)

EDIT NOTE: edited the temp guest username from 'guest' to 'guestx' so as not to confuse from the default ubuntu guest username.

###################### UPDATE

For some reason on a new install/upgrades of/to Ubuntu 17.10, the tmpfs is not being deleted. The presession seems to work, suggest adding the following to /etc/gdm3/PreSession/Default folder:

sudo nano /etc/gdm3/PreSession/Default

add these lines after the last line:

guestuser="guestx"
if [[ "$USER" = "$guestuser" ]]; then
rm -rf /tmp/"$guestuser"
fi


Can't shut down or restart after 13.10 upgrade

Same problem here.

So to shutdown from terminal type: sudo shutdown  -h now
To reboot type: sudo shutdown -r now


You can use Gparted for managing partitions.You can get it from software center.You can also use it in the live environment.
For complete instructions refer to the following link:
partitioning using Gparted


Just got a server stuck in login screen!

During installation someone provided the system with a user name and a password after setting up the partitions. You need those. It is possible to retrieve the user name by booting up into recovery mode (see the link) and checking doing a ls /home. The username is shown as a directory. sudo passwd {username} will let you set a new password. After you do exit it will reboot and you can use both to login.

After you use username and passsword to log in to the system you will see a prompt ($) where you can type commands to install services you want to use on your system.

By the way: if you want an EASIER life I would suggest installing a DESKTOP version. Ubuntu does not use a different system for server and desktop anymore; the desktop will have you suffer a bit of a performance hit but the graphical tools you can use make up for it bigtime. You can use tasksel below to install a desktop or just type sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop or any of the other desktops.

If you want to use the system to host a website you would install a lamp-server with:

sudo apt-get install lamp-server^

That will install and configure apache, mysql and php. "sudo" will ask for your password by the way.

If you want to install just MySQL so you can use a database ...

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

There are similar services for a mailserver, fileserver. If you want an overview of these services install tasksel with

sudo apt-get install tasksel

and type tasksel on command line. It will list all the available options:

u server    Basic Ubuntu server
u openssh-server    OpenSSH server
u dns-server    DNS server
u lamp-server   LAMP server
u mail-server   Mail server
u postgresql-server PostgreSQL database
i print-server  Print server
u samba-server  Samba file server
u tomcat-server Tomcat Java server
u cloud-image   Ubuntu Cloud Image (instance)
u virt-host Virtual Machine host
u ubuntustudio-graphics 2D/3D creation and editing suite
u ubuntustudio-audio    Audio recording and editing suite
u edubuntu-desktop-gnome    Edubuntu desktop
u kubuntu-active    Kubuntu Active
u kubuntu-desktop   Kubuntu desktop
u kubuntu-full  Kubuntu full
u ubuntustudio-font-meta    Large selection of font packages
u lubuntu-desktop   Lubuntu Desktop
u lubuntu-core  Lubuntu minimal installation
u mythbuntu-desktop Mythbuntu additional roles
u mythbuntu-frontend    Mythbuntu frontend
u mythbuntu-backend-master  Mythbuntu master backend
u mythbuntu-backend-slave   Mythbuntu slave backend
u ubuntustudio-photography  Photograph touchup and editing suite
u ubuntustudio-publishing   Publishing applications
u ubuntu-gnome-desktop  Ubuntu GNOME desktop
i ubuntu-desktop    Ubuntu desktop
i ubuntu-usb    Ubuntu desktop USB
u ubuntustudio-video    Video creation and editing suite
u xubuntu-desktop   Xubuntu desktop
u xubuntu-core  Xubuntu minimal installation
u kubuntu-active-live   Kubuntu Active Remix live CD
u kubuntu-live  Kubuntu live CD
u lubuntu-live  Lubuntu live CD
u ubuntu-gnome-live Ubuntu GNOME live CD
u ubuntustudio-live Ubuntu Studio live CD
u ubuntustudio-dvd-live Ubuntu Studio live DVD
u ubuntu-live   Ubuntu live CD
u xubuntu-live  Xubuntu live CD
u manual    Manual package selection


Home folder doesn't update or show newly added users

It would appear as though you're using useradd and not adduser. The former will simply create a user account in the /etc/passwd file and nothing more (unless you use the -m flag, or use -D), this command also outputs nothing when it successfully completes. The latter (adduser) is the one that prompts for additional information, including password, and GECOS information. Make sure you use this command going forward unless you wish to modify the defaults for which a user's account is created.


egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

This searches if one of those two flags exist in the /proc/cpuinfo file.

SVM is flag related to the AMD virtualization (AMD-V). The CPU flag for AMD-V is "svm".

VMX is falg related to the Intel virtualization (VT-x). The CPU flag for VT-x capability is "vmx";

man egrep

NAME
       grep, egrep, fgrep, rgrep - print lines matching a pattern

DESCRIPTION
       grep  searches the named input FILEs (or standard input if no files are
       named, or if a single hyphen-minus (-) is given as file name) for lines
       containing  a  match to the given PATTERN.  By default, grep prints the
       matching lines.

       In  addition,  three  variant  programs  egrep,  fgrep  and  rgrep  are
       available.   egrep  is  the  same  as  grep -E.

then egrep is same as gerp -E which means also from man grep

 -E, --extended-regexp
          Interpret  PATTERN  as  an extended regular expression

So in conclusion this will search the file /proc/cpuinfo for those cpu flags and then count the occurrence instead of printing the matching it counts matching number.

  -c, --count
              Suppress normal output; instead print a count of matching  lines
              for  each  input  file.


Possible duplicate to: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7333232/how-to-concatenate-two-mp4-files-using-ffmpeg/11175851

In resume, what you want to do is:

$ cat mylist.txt
file '/path/to/file1'
file '/path/to/file2'
file '/path/to/file3'

$ ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i mylist.txt -c copy output.mp4

PS:

To create the file listing all your .mp4 inputs, you can use this command inside the directory containing all your files:

(edit: Thank's to dessert for the better command line into the comments)

printf "file '%s'\n" *.MP4 > mylist.txt

TL;DR:

One bash line solution (thank's to dessert):

ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i <(printf "file '%s'\n" *.MP4) -c copy output.mp4

If you want to only retrieve all the subtitle, change the extension on the output file:

ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i <(printf "file '%s'\n" *.MP4) -c copy output.ass


White icons, yellow red blue dotted horizontal lines, gray boxes, etc on desktop & webpages

Sounds as if you are having issues with the graphics. Check and make sure your drivers are up-to-date. The command for checking for the recommended drivers is:

ubuntu-drivers devices | grep recommended

Install the recommended and see if this might fix your problem.


Try  this answer.  Run these commands in the terminal:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
echo options snd-hda-intel model=auto | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

Check all mutes and unmute them through:

sudo alsamixer

Then run:

shutdown -h now


Why do some programs return when being called from the terminal while others just return only with the inclusion of an '&'

This depends entirely on how the software was written, often also depending on the intent with it.

Most bash (= shell, terminal) utilities are meant to be used "synchronously", with these the execution is meant to produce a result; which might be required for the following commands in a script or manual procedure - if the utility (program, software) detaches and leaves you at the prompt immediately you will not know when or if the result is available.

Skype is not normally used as a command line "utility" but rather a tool to handle communication (phone or whatever). And then it is quite handy if it does not block the terminal, if launched from there.

Detaching from the terminal:
https://superuser.com/questions/178587/how-do-i-detach-a-process-from-terminal-entirely


In order to make sure you are using the correct pip, please use it as follows:

python3.8 -m pip install pyinotify

Brett Cannon, one of the Python core developers, just recently published a blog article about this topic:
https://snarky.ca/why-you-should-use-python-m-pip/

This all said, you usually want to install Python packages into a virtual environment, not in the system Python.

https://realpython.com/python-virtual-environments-a-primer/


You are getting instructions to take two actions:

Use

apt-get autoremove

to remove them.

So do a sudo apt-get autoremove. This isn't likely the root of your problem but it sure looks like your packages are a bit out of whack. Perhaps an install failed partway through and left garbage? Not sure but the autoremove seems to always just work for me so I suggest you do it.

And while you're at it, perhaps you should do a sudo apt-get clean. I don't think it will make a difference but if your cache is the source of bad data, this will fix it.

The second action is

dpkg: error processing libv4lconvert0:i386 (--configure):
 Package is in a very bad inconsistent state - you should
 reinstall it before attempting configuration.

So try

sudo apt-get remove libv4lconvert0
sudo apt-get install libv4lconvert0

If that doesn't work, try again but use purge instead of remove.

I think this will fix the problem but I can't tell you what went wrong. I'm guessing an install broke and left config files in a bad way but it's a guess. If problems continue, I suggest a wipe and reinstall. I know that's a pain but it's pretty easy with Ubuntu and it fixes nearly all problems.


How to get my raspberry pi to recognize my Ext4 formatted HDD

You say you are stuck with Windows as your OS. Does this mean you cannot boot from a Live CD? If you could boot from a GNU/Linux Live CD (such as Ubuntu), you could then check if the USB is formatted correctly (or re-format using gparted) without affecting the contents of your computer's hard drive.

HTH.


Is it possible to read Python GObject Introspection API documentation offline using already installed packages and files?

In general it is possible by visiting special site at https://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/ and finding needed Python GObject Gir/Typelib docs here.
The above special site is built using special pgi-docgen utility. It uses Docker under the hood.
I this project to ease the process of local documentation creation.
To build local documentation

for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and newer (based on Debian Bullseye) -
git clone https://github.com/N0rbert/pgi-docgen
cd pgi-docgen
./docker-build.sh

for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (based on Debian Buster) -
git clone https://github.com/N0rbert/pgi-docgen -b debian-buster
cd pgi-docgen
./docker-build.sh

Local documentation will be build in _docs/_build folder. Maybe browsed using any web-browser.


Select the files and leave SHIFT pressed while pressing the DELETE button or option.

Example: Select with CTRL several files while clicking on them.

Leave SHIFT pressed while pressing the DELETE button will delete them permanently.

To select multiple files. Click the first file and then leave SHIFT pressed while selecting the last file you want to select. It is the same thing as dragging the mouse while pressing the left mouse button.


MultiBoot USB Stick from Scratch

(Modification of How do I boot an ISO file from my drive using grub2 on UEFI machines?)

GParted

Create a gpt partition table on a USB stick.
Create partitions as shown above, select unformatted for partition 2.
Create a casper-rw file:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=casper-rw bs=1M count=512

sudo mkfs.ext3 -L casper-rw -F casper-rw

(where count=512 is the persistence size in megabytes, with a max of 4GB).

Persistence Partition

Create an uniquely name folder for each OS, (that requires persistence), on the USB-PRST partition.
Add a casper-rw file, (and optional home-rw file), to each persistence folder. A home-rw file can be made by renaming a casper-rw file. A home-rw file is like a separate home partition on a Full install, it can be reused after version upgrades.

Data Partition

Create a folder for the ISO files on the NTFS USB-DATA partition.
Add some ISO's to the isos folder.

Boot Partition

Open the latest Pre-19.10 ISO file and copy the boot and the EFI folders to the USB-BOOT partition. (Note that Ubuntu 19.10 and later use grub 2.04 which prevents booting of ISO files).
Install grub

sudo mount /dev/sdx3 /mnt

sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/sdx

Edit grub.cfg to loopmount the ISO files. Include: persistent persistent-path=/<persistent-folder-name>/ if you want multiple persistence.

if loadfont /boot/grub/font.pf2 ; then
    set gfxmode=auto
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod gfxterm
    terminal_output gfxterm
fi

set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray

set timeout=5

menuentry "ubuntu-19.10-desktop-amd64.iso" {
    set root=(hd0,1)
    set isofile="/isos/ubuntu-19.10-desktop-amd64.iso"
        loopback loop $isofile
        linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile persistent persistent-path=/persist-1/ splash --
        initrd (loop)/casper/initrd
}
menuentry "lubuntu-16.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso" {
    set root=(hd0,1)
    set isofile="/isos/lubuntu-16.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso"
        loopback loop $isofile
        linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile persistent persistent-path=/persist-2/ splash --
        initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
}

Grub.cfg example

sudo parted -ls  /dev/sdx

sudo lsblk -f  /dev/sdx

If the above is used as a USB stick it can be used to boot ISO's stored on a Windows only computer. Grub is not required on the internal drive.


Move folder into another folder using sudo

In your question, you use %20to represent a space, which isn't understood by the shell. There are a number of ways to include spaces in a command line, the easiest one is to include them in double quotes.

The following command should work for you:

sudo mv "/home/mirko/Documenti/Bifurcation  Control/PROPAC/ProPac_53"  /usr/local/Wolfram/Mathematica/11.0/AddOns/Applications/ProPac_5/


trackpad and wifi broken after rollback to kernel 5.8.0-44 or booting to focal-proposed 5.8.0-49

Please also install:
sudo apt install linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-44-generic
sudo apt install linux-generic

Reboot.


Package openssh-client=1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.7 not found

first you have to check this package version available in repository or not using command :

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-cache policy openssh-client

openssh-client:
  Installed: 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.8
  Candidate: 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.8
  Version table:
 *** 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.8 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     1:6.6p1-2ubuntu1 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages

if this package available then you can install using this command :

sudo apt-get install openssh-client=1:6.6p1-2ubuntu1

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
  ssh-askpass libpam-ssh keychain monkeysphere
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  openssh-server
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
  openssh-client
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 downgraded, 1 to remove and 98 not upgraded.
Need to get 566 kB of archives.
After this operation, 961 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y

if not available then you have to add that repository and then update cache

sudo apt-get update

then install

sudo apt-get install openssh-client=1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.7

OR

you can download .deb of required version and install using dpkg

sudo dpkg -i package

EDIT :

it seems that package version 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.7 is not available in repository. you can install 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.8 using

sudo apt-get install openssh-client=1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.8

you can check available package version in repository or Here


Installing Ubuntu 15.10 with Windows 10 in EFI mode on two harddrives

It appears that your Windows installation is in EFI mode and your Ubuntu installation is (probably) in BIOS mode. This is a recipe for headaches. There are numerous possible solutions. The two easiest are likely to be:

Disable the Compatibility Support Module (CSM) in the firmware, boot an Ubuntu emergency disk, and run Boot Repair on the computer. This should install the EFI version of GRUB 2, which should work better than what you've got now.
If it's not already disabled, disable Secure Boot in your firmware. Then download the USB flash drive or CD-R version of my rEFInd boot manager, prepare a medium from it, and boot it. This should enable you to boot either Windows or Ubuntu. Test both, and if both work, install the rEFInd PPA or Debian package from Ubuntu.

As a side note, disk identification (/dev/sda vs. /dev/sdb) is somewhat arbitrary, so don't read anything into the fact that Windows is on what Linux identifies as /dev/sdb. Such mappings can even vary from one boot to the next, although that level of arbitrariness is uncommon.


Make sure it has the correct location in System->Administration->Time and Date. All thought you may have selected UK in location options in the installer, you have to set clock location from America to Britain


Ubuntu 17.10 display glitch with AMD Radeon RX480

Try to use the mesa driver instead of amdgpu. I'm a Fedora user with your same rx480, and with mesa on Wayland I have very good performance.


Primary SSD on Dell Precision 7510 Cannot Be Detected by Ubuntu Installer

I was able to install both Ubuntu 14.04 and 15.10 on the Dell Precision 7510 (settled for Ubuntu 15.10 due to out-of-the-box Wireless driver support).
In order for the installer to recognise the disk I went into the BIOS:

System Configuration -> SATA Operation -> Choose AHCI

Apply and Exit

That did the trick for me.


What are these lock icons in my "computer"?

The lock icon indicates that you can't write to these files and folders. The location of "Computer" is /, and files and folders immediately in / are all usually owned by root and don't have write permissions for other users. Hence, the screenshot is mostly OK, except for the snap and media directories, and the initrd file. There's something wrong there, since none of them are writable by your user by default, and initrd is usually a symbolic link (like the vmlinuz file next to it).


unity 3D doesn't work with Nvidia and 2 screens

It works
I updated to the latest drivers and updated my xorg.conf.

This is my xorg.conf file:

nvidia-settings: X configuration file generated by nvidia-settings
nvidia-settings:  version 302.17  (buildd@rhenium)  Sun Jun 17 23:26:33 UTC 2012

Section "ServerLayout"
    Identifier     "Layout0"
    Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
    InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
    InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
    Option         "Xinerama" "0"
EndSection

Section "Files"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
    # generated from default
    Identifier     "Mouse0"
    Driver         "mouse"
    Option         "Protocol" "auto"
    Option         "Device" "/dev/psaux"
    Option         "Emulate3Buttons" "no"
    Option         "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
    # generated from default
    Identifier     "Keyboard0"
    Driver         "kbd"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
    # HorizSync source: edid, VertRefresh source: edid
    Identifier     "Monitor0"
    VendorName     "Unknown"
    ModelName      "Acer X233H"
    HorizSync       31.0 - 83.0
    VertRefresh     56.0 - 76.0
    Option         "DPMS"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier     "Device0"
    Driver         "nvidia"
    VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
    BoardName      "ION"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier     "Screen0"
    Device         "Device0"
    Monitor        "Monitor0"
    DefaultDepth    24
    Option         "Stereo" "0"
    Option         "nvidiaXineramaInfoOrder" "DFP-0"
    Option         "metamodes" "DFP-0: nvidia-auto-select +0+0, DFP-1: nvidia-auto-select +0+0"
    SubSection     "Display"
        Depth       24
    EndSubSection
EndSection


how do I get to files save on my windows system

Open Nautilus. After I installed Ubuntu it automatically added my Windows partition to the side bar as shown here:

Your files are probably in the Documents and Settings directory or otherwise can be found under Users.
And you can copy/paste files from and to this partition.


Update:
My old answer seems invalid now. There are testimonies on winehq.org that "Heroes of the Storm" is working. I don't own the game and can't verify anything.

Anyone with a step-by-step instruction for Ubuntu: Feel free to post your own answer or improve this one.


curl: (7) Failed to connect to localhost port 8080 Connection refused

Apparently, port 8080 is not open on the host in question.
To see if something is listening on a certain port or if it's open at all, you can use netstat -tlpen | grep 8080 or nc -vz [host] [port]


"Missing Update Command" Ubuntu/Android Dual boot App

It seems to me that the files can't be extracted to the correct directory because a lack of root access.

I managed to solve it by performing the following steps:

In the Ubuntu Dual-boot app deleting the downloaded files (options
-> delete...)
Reboot the phone
Do NOT delete the /cache as the manual says.
Start the installation again and when prompted allow SU access.
PAY ATTENTION there might be a timeout on the approval. I allowed SU access for this app "forever" in order to avoid repeated questions.

ALSO - If it fails do it again. For me the second time worked (I must have missed the first SU prompt in the first installation)

Device: Galaxy Nexus with CM 10.2


How to expand partition in Ubuntu 16.04 dual-boot system

Just to clarify... it looks like your hardware configuration was originally Windows, installed on the internal hard disk, and that also used an internal 30GB SSD used as a cache to speed up Windows operations. At some point either the internal hard disk was upgraded, and/or Windows reinstalled, and the 30GB SSD was reformatted (and not used as a Windows cache).

It looks like your Ubuntu installation on /dev/sdb is a fresh minimal installation on a 30GB USB flash internal SSD drive, and can't be extended there.

The free 149GB unallocated space is on a 1TB drive as /dev/sda.

Although there's a way to copy/paste partitions between drives using gparted, I'm not sure it would be worth it in this case.

I'd recommend just reinstalling Ubuntu in a dual-boot configuration on /dev/sda using the 149GB unallocated space with the USB flash drive removed from its port, and reformatting /dev/sdb 30GB SSD with a NTFS partition that can be shared between operating systems.

Update #1:

To move your swap from /dev/sdb to /dev/sda...

shrink your Windows C: by 8GB using Windows Disk Management app (already done)
boot Ubuntu
In gparted...

create an 8GB swap partition in the unallocated space just created, note what partition # it is (ie:/dev/sda5)

In terminal...

type swapoff -a
type mkswap /dev/sdaX (replacing X with the partition number from the previous step)
copy the new UUID to the clipboard
type gksudo gedit /etc/fstab
find the line that looks something like this:

UUID=xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx    none    swap     sw     0       0

carefully replace the xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx with a paste from the clipboard
save the file and quit gedit
type swapon -a

In gparted...

wipe out /dev/sdb (30GB SSD) and create a new NTFS partition


How do I install BCM4312 wireless drivers?

I have BCM4312 wireless card too.

What I needed to do:

Go to: System->Administrator->Additional Drivers(Hardware drivers)
Then click to Broadcom STA wireless driver and enable it.
Restart

To me it's the easiest way.


Problem in VMware Installation(12.04 LTS)

It says it right there in the Text you posted.
The VMWare tools are currently getting installed. Just wait till it is finished, then the Desktop will start.
It may be that Vmware Tools requires some dependencies that are not installed from your installation, I've had this happen before. Try installing the Open VM Tools instead with:
sudo apt-get install open-vm-tools
Otherwise try this solution:
Stuck at 'VMware easy install'


While in a LiveCD environment, which is what you are referring to as a "trial" version, you are restricted only to the space available in the casper file-system, which is very small. Therefore, you cannot download the Ubuntu ISO while in a Live environment without saving it to your internal hard-drive. You will have to specify where to download the file to when Firefox prompts you as to what you wish to do with the file.

However, since you are able to boot into this Live environment, all you have to do to get Ubuntu installed is click the "Install Ubuntu" icon in the launcher on the left. This will start the Ubiquity installer. When the list of options comes up, provided you have already made a back-up of what is important to you in Windows, just choose "Erase Everything and Install" to cleanly install Ubuntu over Windows.


Live USB "Check disk for defects" returns defects

It checks the install disks for defects i.e. the liveUSB.

If the md5sum checked out good(you might want to retry), then the ISO should be good.  If you are finding defects in the install disk after 2 builds, the it is possible that the pendrivelinux did not download correctly, you might try downloading that again.

Lastly, no I would not install it from a faulty disk...it could be athat it is a minor problem and you might be missing some inconsequential program like a game but it could also be system critical, like the bootloader.

If all else fails you might try to download the ISO again, but I don't understand why it would have a good checksum if it was faulty.

I'm not an expert by any means so you may get an answer that it is ok to install from the LiveUSB but, I personally would not do it without expert advise to the contrary....(and if I'm incorrect someone will let us know in short order..)


Is there a way to tell if Ubuntu is running in recovery mode via terminal?

From the webpage How to check a current runlevel of your Linux system:

Debian distribution has it runlevel 2-5 dedicated to full multi-user with graphical managers and console login whereas Redhat/Fedora has two separate runlevels for each mode. To check the runlevel of you system you can use runlevel command with no arguments:
runlevel

This answer says that the default runlevel in Ubuntu is 2, but for me it is 5. Anyway, recovery mode is a different number.

I've been having to remount the root directory as rw

Probably your system remounted it to ro because there were I/O errors on the device. You should schedule a fsck and maybe consider buying a new SD card.


recognise controller /dev/input/js0 in browser/emulator

For anybody who may be looking for a solution to the same problem, I finally got the controllers working as gamepads and this is what you should do:

Make sure xboxdrv and jstest-gtk are installed.
Pair your controllers with bluetooth.
In the terminal, copy the following:
sudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/99-gamepad.rules
(If this file doesn't exist, it will be created).
When the text editor opens, copy the following and hit save and close:
SUBSYSTEM=="input", ATTRS{name}=="VR BOX", MODE="0666", ENV{ID_INPUT_JOYSTICK}="1"

("VR BOX" is the name of the device. You can find out the name with the following in the terminal: cat /proc/bus/input/devices )

Restart computer. You will now only be able to use the device as gamepads, after holding down @+B on the controllers themselves, but the gamepads will work perfectly and will be accessible in browsers and emulators.


Based on this response I was able to fix the problem by connecting to a phone hotspot. It seems that the problem is related somehow to the network. Previously I tried multiple wi-fi networks, but it didn't work.


Windows 10 UEFI Bootloader ignores Ubuntu

Two things.  Make sure you are in UEFI mode in your Live Session.  You can test this by running this from the terminal:

$ dmesg | egrep "EFI v"

The output will be blank if you are in Legacy.

Also, be sure to include update-grub in your grub repair steps.  The steps below should resolve your issue.  The bold characters in the steps are unique for you based on the info in your question.

 1:$ sudo mount /dev/sda6 /mnt
 2:$ for i in /sys /proc /run /dev; do sudo mount --bind "$i" "/mnt/$i"; done
 3:$ sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
 5:$ sudo chroot /mnt
 6:# grub-install /dev/sda
 7:# update-grub
 8:# exit
 9:$ for i in /sys /proc /run /dev; do sudo umount "/mnt/$i"; done
10:$ sudo umount /mnt/boot/efi
11:$ exit


Newly installed kernel version missing from GRUB menu

You have probably not updated GRUB after installing your new kernel. Try running:

$ update-grub
$ grub-install /dev/sda

Replace "sda" with the appropriate disk if grub is not installed on the MBR of your first hard drive.


How can I make a new video out of specific bits from a video CD?

You should be able to use OpenShot  to do this:

Just drag the file from your video CD into OpenShot; It should convert everything automatically. I don't have a Video CD to test it, but since the Video CD standard mandates it use MPEG-1, I'm quite confident it'll work just fine.

You'll use the Razor tool (3) to split your video into multiple clips, delete the unwanted ones and move them around as you like.


Do programs add keys to root authorized keys file

the message "The following ssh key was injected by Nova" comes from Openstack Nova project, which probably means that OVH uses Openstack to provision their VPS, at least in some datacenter(s).
See: https://github.com/openstack/nova/blob/master/nova/virt/xenapi/agent.py
and: https://docs.openstack.org/nova/latest/
It comes from there, I believe.


This gets about half of them:

Add the following lines to ~/.gtkrc-2.0

style "scroll"
{
    GtkScrollbar::slider-width        = 40
}

class "*" style "scroll"

It works for firefox, kicad, and several others.

And this seems to get the other half:

For the rest (the gtk3 stuff, I guess), I copied the theme I was using from /usr/share/themes into ~/.themes and gave it a new name, "MyTheme".  Then in ~/.themes/MyTheme/gtk-3.0, I found the css file containing "-GtkScrollbar-slider-width:" and changed the value there.  I used the gnome tweak tool to select my new theme.  Now my sliders are all 40 pixels wide!


Unfortunately, single user mode has not been a priority in Ubuntu. There is a bug tag for issues related to using runlevel 1, and as you can see there are quite a few of them:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bugs?field.tag=runlevel1

Its likely that you have run into one of these or an unknown issue. I recommend reporting a bug with the tag runlevel1.


Having trouble installing Ubuntu Phone SDK

In your case, it seems that another process (another package manager) uses the dpkg lock file. Try to close the Software Center or Synaptic and try again. You could also just restart your session and just open a terminal to setup again the SDK ppa.


publishing shotwell albums to Flickr / Picasa

For the first one select the photo(s) then Photo from the menus and then Adjust Date And Time. Also select Modify Original File in the pop-up.


Simple Solution
When signal is lost to HDMI (during sleep) Pulse Audio is automatically configured to active source (your laptop's speakers). Upon resume the sound device is still your laptop. To override this setting, tell Pulse Audio to never switch sound devices automatically:

edit the file /etc/pulse/default.pa
find the line load-module module-switch-on-port-available
insert a # at the beginning of the line to disable automatic port switching
save the file and reboot.

Complex Solution
Before I learned of the simple solution, I used a more complex solution based on systemd suspend/resume hook:

Ubuntu changing default audio output after suspend

An even more complex solution for when HDMI TV is unplugged and replugged is based on udev rule:

Switch between internal and HDMI speakers automatically

Extensive Forum Thread
In Linux Mint forum there is an extensive thee page thread on this topic:

HDMI + Sound + Mint 18


The original creator was no longer able to maintain the PPA he had for supporting this. Someone else took over managing a PPA using the original creator's sources.
https://launchpad.net/~berglh/+archive/ubuntu/pulseaudio-a2dp
If you run into any issues, here is the github issue that tracked this work - https://github.com/EHfive/pulseaudio-modules-bt/issues/85#issuecomment-618870211.
Hope this helps!


Actually, your friend needs to install ssh server, then you can ssh in:

ssh friends_username@server

For example:

ssh friend@192.168.1.100

However, arguarbly the easiest solution would be TeamViewer.


Capture line-in audio, stream to vps and rebroadcast for mobile device

In icecast.xml , reduce "burst size" to 0 will reduce the delay  .

Increasing bit rate will also reduce delay (256 kb/s better than 128).

You can also reduce buffer size in darkice.cfg (try .5 or 1 sec )


Lubuntu 13.10 - Polish letters on UK keyboard

You could try using a compose key. Goto System Settings> Keyboard Layout >Options. Now click Compose key position, and choose for example the Left win key.

Now you should be able to do Left-Win+n+' to give ń etc. More sequences are given
here.


Two ideas:

Is your boot CD/Pendrive correct?
 (try the option "Check disc for defects")

Are your network settings right?
 (Try F2 and "ping google.com")


I had to turn on IPMI in the Network settings on the iDRAC for this to work:

iDRAC -> iDRAC Settings -> Network/Security -> Network -> IPMI Settings
[x]Enable IPMI Over LAN


Numbers disappeared in taskbar and notifications

The problem was the Noto Color Emoji font. The solution can be read here.


Connect to a server through tunnel like WinSCP

You need to first create tunnel with ssh command:

ssh -t -t -L 22000:127.0.0.1:22000 <user>@<machine A IP> "ssh -L 22000:127.0.0.1:22 <user>@<machine B IP>"

Then open file browser( eg Nautilus) and enter location:

ssh://127.0.0.1:22000 or ssh://<machine B system user>@127.0.0.1:22000

Enter the user credential. Thats it.


How can I turn off window titlebars (window decorations) in gnome shell/mutter?

I figured out how to do it myself, following the instructions under "Method 2" here, but making those changes for the block beginning frame_geometry name="normal" instead of max. Now I don't have any borders. Great for using the extension Shellshape as a tiling window manager.


How can I get kernel 3.7.1 header files in Ubuntu 16.04 x32?

This answer shows how version 3.7.1 might be found under a different numbering scheme:

Install linux headers 3.7 on debian 8

In this case the equivalent kernel version for Debian was linux-headers-3.16.0.4-all.

In Ubuntu the 3.16 equivalent would probably best be found by matching up the published dates in the Ubuntu Mainline Kernel page you already linked.


You will need to boot your system using the Live/Try DVD:

More detail can be found here:
How can I reinstall GRUB to the EFI partition?


Not able to install CURL on Ubuntu 12.04

For CURL to work, it depends on some other packages.

  The following packages have unmet dependencies:  gedit : Breaks:
  gedit-plugins (< 2.91) but 2.30.0-0ubuntu1 is to be installed
  php5-curl : Depends: php5-common (= 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.11) but
  5.3.10-1ubuntu3.10 is to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

This explains what all dependcies are not installed.

It is explained in the error itself apt-get -f install may solve your problem.

If this is not helping, You could try and install the dependencies one after one by downloading and compiling them, or install them directly using terminal.


On a 16.04 and newer systems, unattended-upgrades runs daily at a random time.

How to tell when unattended upgrades will run today:

The random time is set by a cron job (/etc/cron.daily/apt.compat), and you can read the random time for today by asking systemd:

$ systemctl list-timers apt-daily.timer
NEXT                         LEFT     LAST                         PASSED      UNIT            ACTIVATES
Tue 2017-07-11 01:53:29 CDT  13h left Mon 2017-07-10 11:22:40 CDT  1h 9min ago apt-daily.timer apt-daily.service

In this case, you can see that u-u ran 1 hour and 9 minutes ago.

How to tell if unattended upgrades are still running:

One easy way is to check the timestamp files for the various apt components:

$ ls -l /var/lib/apt/periodic/
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jul 10 11:24 unattended-upgrades-stamp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jul 10 11:23 update-stamp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jul 10 11:24 update-success-stamp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jul 10 11:24 upgrade-stamp

You can see here that u-u is just another apt component. apt places the timestamp here regardless of how the apt was started.

Putting the data together, you can see that the timer started apt (u-u) at 11:22. It ran an update which completed at 11:23, then an upgrade which completed at 11:24. Finally, you can see that apt considered the upgrade to be a success (no error or other failure).

Obviously, if you see a recent timer without a corresponding completion timestamp, then you might want to check ps to see if apt is still running.

How to tell which step apt is running right now:

One easy way is to check the u-u logfile.

$ less /var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades.log
2017-07-10 11:23:00,348 INFO Initial blacklisted packages:
2017-07-10 11:23:00,349 INFO Initial whitelisted packages:
2017-07-10 11:23:00,349 INFO Starting unattended upgrades script
2017-07-10 11:23:00,349 INFO Allowed origins are: ['o=Ubuntu,a=zesty-security', 'o=Ubuntu,a=zesty-updates']
2017-07-10 11:23:10,485 INFO Packages that will be upgraded: apport apport-gtk libpoppler-glib8 libpoppler-qt5-1 libpoppler64 poppler-utils python3-apport python3-problem-report
2017-07-10 11:23:10,485 INFO Writing dpkg log to '/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-dpkg.log'
2017-07-10 11:24:20,419 INFO All upgrades installed

Here you can see the normal daily process, including the 'started' and 'completed' lines, and the list of packages that were about to be upgraded.

If the list of packages is not logged yet, then apt can be safely interrupted. Once the list of packages is logged, DO NOT interrupt apt.

Since you have a resource-constrained environment, be aware that apt can be configured many ways to work reliably and unobtrusively with different run times, nice levels, bandwidth limits, and many other useful settings.


Ok so this was fixed by looking at old posts.

Booting up when holding shift key allows you to go into grub menu.  From there I repaired packages.

Now apt get works fine.


Ubuntu 13.04 doesn't see my 2TB hard drive

The source of the problem can be correctly found in the output of sudo fdisk -lu. In fact, it goes as far as to simply tell you.

Polish (original):

  UWAGA: Na '/dev/sdc' wykryto tablicę partycji GPT (GUID Partition Table)! fdisk nie obsługuje GPT. Należy użyć GNU Parteda.

  Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000394706432 bytes głowic: 256, sektorów/ścieżkę: 63, cylindrów: 242250, w sumie sektorów: 3907020911 Jednostka = sektorów, czyli 1 * 512 = 512 bajtów Rozmiar sektora (logiczny/fizyczny) w bajtach: 512/4096 Rozmiar we/wy (minimalny/optymalny) w bajtach: 4096/4096 Identyfikator dysku: 0x00000000

  Urządzenie Rozruch Początek Koniec Bloków ID System /dev/sdc1 1 4294967295 2147483647+ ee GPT Partycja 1 nie zaczyna się na granicy bloku fizycznego.

English (translated):

  NOTE: '/dev/sdc' found GPT partition table (GUID Partition Table)! fdisk does not support GPT. You must use GNU Parted.

  Disk /dev /sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000394706432 bytes heads: 256, sectors/track: 63, Cylinders: 242250, total sectors: 3907020911 Units
  = sectors, or 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical) in bytes : 512/4096 Size/O (minimum/optimal) in bytes: 4096/4096 disk identifier: 0x00000000

  Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 4294967295 2147483647 + ee GPT Partition 1 does not start at the border of the physical block.

The is the important line is bolded. You are using the newer GPT partitioning system, and you may need to install the gparted package.

  gpt is the newer partitioning scheme than MBR which has been the partition layout since PC hard drives in mid 1980's.
  gpt is required if drive is over 2TiB or about 2TB and is recommended for any drive that does not have Windows as Windows only boots with gpt partitioning if using UEFI not BIOS.

Source


Remotely Connecting to a Raring Ringtail Desktop from Windows 8

For desktop sharing in Ubuntu to work you can install xrdp to allow connection from Windows 8 Remote Desktop.  To install xrdp in Ubuntu, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install xrdp

Note:you can run below command to disable this service when done

sudo service xrdp stop

Also you can try VNC SERVER

Another way of doing it, is using Desktop Sharing.  Just type desktop in dash, and click on it.


I run into a similar problem with one user in my systems. Additionally, she had problems to change password, but root was able to change it (I run debian stretch).
For some unknown reason her account was created with this problem, yet everything else worked fine. Solution:
sudo usermod -d /home/User_Directory User_Name

and both problems were solved.


how to find out what versions of maas maas-dns and maas-dhcp from terminal

apt-cache policy maas{,-dns,-dhcp} will tell you their packaged versions. You'll want to look at the Installed line. Here's a nice filtered version from a system not running any MAAS packages:

$ apt-cache policy maas{,-dns,-dhcp} | grep Installed -B1 -A1
maas:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1.5.1+bzr2269-0ubuntu0.1
--
maas-dns:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1.5.1+bzr2269-0ubuntu0.1
--
maas-dhcp:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1.5.1+bzr2269-0ubuntu0.1

The Candidates are what would be installed if I installed MAAS (or if it were already installed, what it would be upgraded to).

And just in case, the maas{,-dns,-dhcp} is a Bash expansion which gets replaced with maas maas-dns maas-dhcp when run. I was just being lazy and didn't want to type "maas" a load of times.


Surface Pro 2 keyboard cover not working in Ubuntu

As this is proprietary hardware the linux kernel just can't seem to handle it yet. See: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=175657, https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=64811 and the follow up discussion: http://linux-kernel.2935.n7.nabble.com/PATCH-Add-HID-s-to-hid-microsoft-driver-of-Surface-Type-Touch-Cover-2-to-fix-bug-td790242.html. So kernel people seem to be already on it. I couldn't find out if the patch landed in any upstream kernel yet. If you don't want to wait you can try to compile a custom kernel with their patch included. Here are two resources with some information: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/KernelCustomBuild,Correct way to apply patches to your kernel?

Disclaimer
Never tried this myself


Problem with Ubuntu Software v 20.04 LTS

1) Just search for the software. Just type or click the search icon in top left and search.

2)Try installing through the terminal. sudo apt-get <packagename>  or if it is a snap snap install <packagename>

3) Click the x button!


YouTube "resume where you left off " doesn't work in Ubuntu in Chrome or in Firefox

Works for me with current repository version of SeaMonkey (a reskinned Firefox with built-in mail client and HTML editor), but it depends on being logged into your Google (or YouTube) account.  If you're not logged into YouTube, they won't store anything.


You are out of luck:

  GtkSettings:gtk-keynav-wrap-around has been deprecated since version 3.10 and should not be used in newly-written code.
  This setting is ignored.

While gnome-terminal in Ubuntu is only 3.6.2, libgtk-3-0 is 3.10.8.


Wake on lan with suspend - Ubuntu server 20.04

The Wake-on-LAN feature is a hardware setting rather than something the OS controls, so it technically makes sense that the machine remains suspended when receiving the magic packet. That said, it can be quite bothersome for people who want their servers to wake and return to operation.
First, let’s confirm that the driver used for the network card supports WoL. Open a terminal and type:
sudo ethtool <interface>

Note: Be sure to replace <interface> with the name of your device. If you’re not sure what the name is, sudo ip link show will provide the interface name.
The output should look something like this:
Settings for enp0s31f6:
    Supported ports: [ TP ]
    Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                            100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                            1000baseT/Full
    Supported pause frame use: No
    Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
    Supported FEC modes: Not reported
    Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                            100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                            1000baseT/Full
    Advertised pause frame use: No
    Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
    Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
    Speed: 1000Mb/s
    Duplex: Full
    Port: Twisted Pair
    PHYAD: 1
    Transceiver: internal
    Auto-negotiation: on
    MDI-X: off (auto)
    Supports Wake-on: pumbg
    Wake-on: g
    Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
                   drv probe link
    Link detected: yes

Check the value of Wake-on contains a letter that is not d. If it does, this means to wake the machine, it needs to receive a "MagicPacket" rather than something else. There are several different options that the machine might be listening for. A complete list can be found in the documentation (search for the string Wake-on-LAN options).
If the value is d, this means the Wake-on value is disabled. If this is the case, you can enable it with this command:
ethtool -s <interface> wol g

-s means "set", <interface> is the network interface, wol is "Wake on LAN", and g is "MagicPacket". You can choose other wake options as well, which are documented in the link above.
Unfortunately this command will need to be run every time your system boots, so be sure to add it to an appropriate startup script, such as part of the up rules in /etc/network/interfaces.
Hope this gives you the info you need to have your machines wake up from suspend.


Installing VBox in Ubuntu 18.04 with secure booth enabled in dual boot machine

Enrolling the MOK shouldn't break secure boot. You'll just have to reboot, enter the one-time password you've defined and you're good to go. Secure Boot stays enabled.


OK, Problem is solved.

It was in mounting of my HDD. Automatically system gived me minimal rights.
So I formatted my HDD to NTFS and added it to /etc/fstab

First find UUID of your diks

  ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid

then edit fstab

  sudo nano /etc/fstab

add new line

  UUID={your uuid}  /mnt/nat ntfs-3g 0 0

reboot system and add new download rout to /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json
That's all, No need in steps from previous post.


Mime type for iso files in Kubuntu 18.04

The needed mime type is:
model/x.stl-binary

To see the mime type that Dolphin sees for a file, right click the file, go to Properties, then File type options

Or use
xdg-mime query filetype YOURFILE

But that was not a new feature, it was an error!
After re-installing the same system (for reasons that do not count here), all came back to normal.


When the system is booted, the first sound card number is assigned to the first driver that happens to report that a device has been found.

To prevent other drivers from getting the first two numbers, add the following to some .conf file in /etc/modprobe.d/:

options snd slots=snd-usb-audio,snd-usb-audio

To fix the order of the two USB audio devices, add the following line:

options snd-usb-audio index=0,1 vid=0xAAAA,0xCCCC pid=0xBBBB,0xDDDD

where AAAA…DDDD can be found in the output of lsusb:

$ lsusb
Bus *** Device ***: ID ****:**** Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus *** Device ***: ID AAAA:BBBB The Hub Audio Thingy
Bus *** Device ***: ID CCCC:DDDD Sennheiser GSX 1000
Bus *** Device ***: ID ****:**** USB Toaster
...

See https://alsa.opensrc.org/MultipleUSBAudioDevices for a longer explanation.


Partitioning is very personal depending on your needs. My own optimal plan is usually not so good a year or two later as things change.

My suggestion anyway is shrink Windows a lot. I prefer small system partitions so most activity is closer together on drive and larger data partitions. Not sure about your games and if they all can be in a separate NTFS or d: partition.
For Linux I would use generous 25GB for / (root). I keep /home inside root but have all data in data partitions both NTFS and Linux formatted including some normally hidden data like Firefox & Thunderbird profiles. Then I have the same email & bookmarks in all installs.
You can share swap if you do not hibernate nor encrypt systems.

You need to confirm if Arch uses the same UID and GIDs as Ubuntu or you may have sharing issues.


Remove dock on the left

Run

sudo apt remove gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock

Add top left hot corner

Run

gsettings set org.gnome.shell enable-hot-corners true

Adwaita Theme

Run

sudo apt install gnome-themes-standard

Install GNOME Tweaks by

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Launch Tweaks and select Adwaita in Appearance > Themes > Applications.

(Or simply follow the Q&A I linked in the comments)


WIFI card rtl8821ce cannot connect to 5GHz networks

sudo iw dev wlo1 set power_save off where wlo1 should be your wifi device id


Where is the startup file after blender upgrade to 2.64?

I know this is an old thread, but I've managed to find it. The version I'm running is 2.65 but I suspect they started using this since 2.64. Anyway the path to the user pref file is now:

/home/USERNAME/.config/blender/2.65/config/userpref.blend
                                      /startup.blend

At least, that's the case for me!

Hope this helps!


Install sound card drivers and needed packages:

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-uname -r` alsa-base alsa-base-udeb alsa-firmware-loaders alsa-oss alsa-source alsa-tools alsa-tools-gui alsa-utils alsa-utils-udeb alsamixergui


Changing permissions on a drive owned by root

In terminal log in to root:

sudo bash.

Then, change the permission on the drive it self should be permanent. Worked for me for a similar problem.

chown -R <username> <location>


No Audio from Ubuntu 14.04 installed Dell Optiplex 7040 PC

As Konrad suggested in comment section, this was because kernel in Ubuntu 14.04 doesn't have right audio driver(or doesn't have working audio driver).

I had posted question in the "Launchpad" forum and one of the suggestion was to update the kernel if I don't want to update to Ubuntu 16.04.

I used below command to update the kernel,

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-wily

Reference for above command was this link.

Launchpad question link for your reference.
https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+question/295963


Can I install Ubuntu/Lubuntu on a pc with a video card that is not supported if I add `nomodeset` in using the live cd/usb?

Yes, absolutely you can make it work with a full install.  To make the change permanent in your installed Ubuntu you will need to edit the grub configuration file and add the nomodeset option so that it loads each time Ubuntu boots.  It's more complicated to set it to install this way automatically, and it's probably not normally desirable to do so.  If you want an easy way to do this I suggest you edit the config file as per the following instructions and simply copy this file to the correct location during installation.

To add nomodeset to the grub config do the following

1) Press CtrlAltF1 to open the console

2) Log in to the console using the username and password you entered during the install

3) Start editing the /etc/default/grub file with

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

4) Find the line that reads:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

and change it to read:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"

5) To save the file press Ctrlo then exit the editor with Ctrlx

6) You'll need to update grub with the new default config

 sudo update-grub

7) Reboot and marvel at your wonderful new Ubuntu system!

sudo reboot

Optional:

If you want to change the grub configuration during the install before it completes, the file you will need to change will be /target/etc/default/grub because that is where the root filesystem is mounted during installation.  As long as you do this before grub is configured then it will be affective from the first boot of the new installation.

References

Ubuntu Forums

Ubuntu Wiki


Getting error when try to run 'software-properties-gtk'

Generally, something is broken in your tool-chain and you'll need to reinstall whichever package that is. The exception seems to suggest that there is something wrong with dbus. I would start by trying to reinstall that.

If you don't have aptitude installed first do:

sudo apt-get install aptitude

Then you can use aptitude to reinstall dbus.

sudo aptitude reinstall dbus

If that doesn't get you anywhere you may have to reinstall all the supporting packages. Take a look at the answer here for additional information, this is also where I found the info on reinstalling dbus which I mentioned seems to be the likely culprit.


Does Ubuntu 14.10 have the security fix for Shellshock bash exploit?

As Ubuntu 14.10 is not set for release until October 26th changes can occur in what is found in the final disc image.  No definite answer can be given until release as to what will appear.  The changelog is available that shows actions taken with regards to package changes and the most recent new upload to 14.10 of bash as of answer submission was made on 2014-10-07.