First the answer to the questions:
Is there a way to stop the upgrade process?
Depending on how the upgrade process was started, yes there is...

If you do the upgrade process using sudo apt-get upgrade, YES: just hit Ctrl+C at any time and it stops.

If you do the upgrades during a shutdown: I finally had the time to test the Ctrl+C during shutdown and the same applies:  YES: it just stops.

If you do the upgrade using the GUI:  NO: And definitely not so as the cancel button is always greyed out once you start.

How important are updates?
As usual, it's a balance between security and availability:

If you need a highly secure system: check daily; security updates: download and install automatically; other updates: display immediately; install immediately when you see them; activate updates on shutdown.
If you need a highly available system: check every fortnight; download automatically; display every fortnight; Install when you can; activate updates on shutdown.
A "secure" balance: Check daily; security updates: download and install automatically; other updates: display weekly; install them when you see them, activate updates on shutdown.
An "available" balance: Check daily; security updates: download and install automatically; other updates: display weekly; install them when you see them, activate updates on shutdown.

In Ubuntu, updates rarely need a reboot, so the above is a good rule-of-thumb, but every situation is different and needs to be put into context.  If you have Ubuntu machines running in a laboratory environment where you produce vaccines and need a highly available and highly secure system, take the "highly secure" option, but schedule it every night at midnight when the production is stopped because the incubators are being sterilised anyway...
:-)


The qtoctave package was removed from Ubuntu 15.10 Wily Werewolf official repositories?

Details can be found in the publishing history on Launchpad:

  Removal requested on 2015-07-28.
  Deleted on 2015-07-28 by Colin Watson
  (From Debian) ROM; dead upstream; superseded by GUI in Octave 4.0; Debian bug #793459

A bit more detail in the Debian bug report:

  Please remove the qtoctave package from unstable. It is dead upstream,
  and is now superseded by the native GUI available in Octave 4.0 (which
  has been uploaded to unstable).

As for the new GUI, see the Octave FAQ:

  Yes! It was officially released with Octave 4.0.0. It was also
  available since version 3.8.0 has an experimental feature (use the
  --force-gui option to start Octave).

  QtOctave was a great and very useful tool. It looked beautiful and we
  are thankful to its developers for working on such a nice tool.
  However, it would have never been stable as it was. But most of all,
  the developers made it free software so we could reuse large chunks of
  it which were incorporated in what is now the Octave GUI.


I found a better solution than the one selected above.

Press Alt + F2 and type gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub.
Find the line than starts with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= and modify it as follows: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor".
In a terminal (ctrl + alt + T) type sudo update-grub.
Reboot.

Problem solved.
More info here: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Debugging/Backlight
Edit
This solution no longer works on 13.10 and 14.04.
A solution that does is creating an xorg configuration file:

In a terminal type sudo touch /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf to create the file.
Followed by sudo gedit /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf to edit its content.
Then add the following content and save:

Section "Device"
        Identifier  "card0"
        Driver      "intel"
        Option      "Backlight"  "intel_backlight"
        BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"

EndSection
Log out and in again.
Source: Fix Brightness Control Not Working for Ubuntu 13.10 & 14.04


Find the correct package for a given font?

If you have a file on your system that belongs to the package whose name you don't know, you can figure out the pkg name with:

dpkg -S <file>

Most font files are in /usr/share/fonts/.

In there, I (natty) find /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi and other directories.

In 100dpi I find many files, including helvR24.pcf.gz.

So I use dpkg -S on that:

$ dpkg -S /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/helvR24.pcf.gz
xfonts-100dpi: /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/helvR24.pcf.gz
$

The pkg is listed first: xfonts-100dpi


Where can I find the startup application list in a Cinnamon desktop?

It should be listed under Preferences. Alternatively, just write startup applications in the search box.


Create custom package - and add a private repository

It's quite a common approach. I don't think it's ideal, but it certainly works.

You can drop the sources list into

/etc/apt/sources.list.d

And add the APT key from the maintainer scripts.


Bay Trail Z3740 and Ubuntu issues, any help?

I got to boot my 11T540 through a pendrive following this procedure 'https://github.com/lopaka/instructions/blob/master/ubuntu-14.10-install-asus-x205ta.md
Now I can not make the wifi device work properly.
If you get to use the wireless device, please answer my question regarding 11T540.
thanks


Ok here's my best solution so far. Use this command to "pause" all audio:

/bin/bash -c "/usr/bin/amixer -q -D pulse sset Master mute; /usr/bin/killall -q -STOP 'pulseaudio'"

And use this command to "unpause" audio:

/bin/bash -c "/usr/bin/killall -q -CONT 'pulseaudio'; /usr/bin/amixer -q -D pulse sset Master unmute"

Use the Keyboard Settings to add these commands as application shortcuts (e.g. Super+Backspace to pause, Super+Enter to resume).


You can use GParted  to resize your partition and creating new partition without loss of data.
Use this tutorial http://www.howtogeek.com/114503/how-to-resize-your-ubuntu-partitions/


Cannot connect to internet in ubuntu 12.10 using MTS

No reply yet,
any ways, I have found a solution.

If you have a Windows PC or you have dual booted your PC with one of the Windows OS. Connect your MTS modem while in Windows and change the network type from broadband to hybrid.
Then boot to Ubuntu, It should connect easily.
As far as i concluded that the modem manager version 0.6.0.0 have a bug and do not detect 3G network. However it somehow manages to detect it when network type is changed to hybrid.

I thought it would help other users with same problem. It should also work with other wireless broadband like TATA photon plus.


deleted gpt primary partition by mistake

After 10min of googling, I found this which helped me

http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk

you can install is using $sudo apt-get install testdisk

It's wizard like easy to use


Unfortunately it is very unlikely that your Windows Audio software will run without latency with Ubuntu. You may be able to run it with the compatibilty layer Wine but it is unlikely that they will perform as expected. Due to latency running Windows audio applications in a virtual machine is not an option.

However there are quite a few alternatives for Ubuntu that may meet your needs (even though they will be different to the Windows counterparts):

Jack is an audio server with a more professional ambition.
Ardour is a multitrack audio processing tool that can be built with support for VST.
Rosegarden is a full blown, highly configurable MIDI sequencer
Audacity is a professional audio wave editor
and many many more.

All these applications can be easily installed and fairly easily configured in a standard 64-bit Ubuntu desktopb edition. You may however be interested in the especially for audio, graphic, and video highly customized derivative where most of these applications are already installed:

Ubuntu Studio


Send a string and Enter key to a Node.js script

The problem
is that you are a bit confused about the usage of pipes and redirections.

Pipe | is used to pass output to another program or utility.
Redirect > is used to pass output to either a file or stream.

A more detailed answer about pipes and redirections is given here
The Solution
Since now we know that we need to use pipes here, something like this would solve the problem.
echo -e "1234" | /proc/88888/fd/0

Tests
I ran the script you have provided in the question, and the following are the output screenshots.


How can I install dpkg-dev without installing gcc 4.6?

You could use a PPA. One containing gcc/g++ 4.7 can be found here. The first link shows a graphical method of installing a PPA. Alternatively, via terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.7

Using a PPA to install gcc/g++ might allow apt-get to realise that gcc/g++ 4.7 satisfies the dependency.


Following this post:

I want to share my "/" in samba. How to make it editable in windows networking?

  By default, your Samba users are not going to have write access to the
  filesystem root. The easiest way to do this is to force a user. (Samba
  users will access the share using the local user's privileges.) Make
  sure that the user you specify has ownership and/or appropriate file
  system permissions. For ease of use in my example, I'm using root.

[root$]
path = /
create mask = 0755
force user = root
browsable = yes

Also, be aware that certain default samba configurations include this line:

invalid users = root

Which you should remove if you REALLY want to access the remote's system root folder, which I personally discourage for security reasons. I'd rather recommend accessing the remote file system with SSH or even with Gigolo (SSHFS).

EDIT

I'm able to access (read-only) the root folder of another computer with this share configuration:

[Root]
   comment = Root
   path = /
   guest ok = no
   browseable = yes
   public = yes

So if you are not interested in having write permissions, just use that instead.


This sounds like the installation has failed to correctly install your boot loader (this is GRUB by default).

However before you try the steps I outline below it is worth checking that the installation process has created the correct series of partitions for your Ubuntu install. Sometimes it is better to resize your windows partitions from windows and then install Ubuntu into free space on your HD. This is a guide to resizing and then creating the correct linux partitions http://www.tecmint.com/install-ubuntu-16-04-alongside-with-windows-10-or-8-in-dual-boot/, the way to check is to plug your live USB in and boot from that (select the try ubuntu option) and use gParted to examine the partitions.

If you find that all appears to be well partition wise then you can go on to install GRUB from your live USB. The easiest and most reliable way to do this is to use the boot-repair

Boot your computer on a Ubuntu live-CD or live-USB.
Choose "Try Ubuntu"
Connect internet
Open a new Terminal, and run:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
Then run:

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

This installs the boot repair tool and should also launch it once installed
Run:

boot-repair

To launch and then follow instructions to run the recommended repair. It will generate a URL which is essentially a log which can be examined if it doesn't work, make a note of this.
Reboot and see if it has worked

Just to clarify I have made the assumption you had windows installed on your old laptop and have tried to dual boot, if you haven't then feel free to ignore any references to dual booting.


cjpeg fails "unrecognized file input format --- perhaps you need -targa"

You get this error simply because you tried to compress an unsupported file (such as a JPG file), from the cjpeg man page:

  cjpeg compresses the named image file, or the standard input if no file
     is named, and produces a JPEG/JFIF file on the  standard  output.   The
     currently supported input file formats are: PPM (PBMPLUS color format),
     PGM (PBMPLUS gray-scale format),  BMP,  Targa,  and  RLE  (Utah  Raster
     Toolkit  format).   (RLE  is  supported  only  if  the  URT  library is
     available.)

When I try to compress a JPG file I also get the same error:

$ cjpeg foo.jpg
Unrecognized input file format --- perhaps you need -targa

Actually this is the default error message, see cjpeg.c

  switch (c) {
#ifdef BMP_SUPPORTED
  case 'B':
    return jinit_read_bmp(cinfo);
#endif
#ifdef GIF_SUPPORTED
  case 'G':
    return jinit_read_gif(cinfo);
#endif
#ifdef PPM_SUPPORTED
  case 'P':
    return jinit_read_ppm(cinfo);
#endif
#ifdef RLE_SUPPORTED
  case 'R':
    return jinit_read_rle(cinfo);
#endif
#ifdef TARGA_SUPPORTED
  case 0x00:
    return jinit_read_targa(cinfo);
#endif
  default:
    ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_UNKNOWN_FORMAT);
    break;
  }

JERR_UNKNOWN_FORMAT is defined in cderror.h:

#ifdef TARGA_SUPPORTED
JMESSAGE(JERR_UNKNOWN_FORMAT,
     "Unrecognized input file format --- perhaps you need -targa")

Source: http://www.ijg.org/


I had the same problem but none of the solutions provided work.

So, I proceeded to create the apt-fast file:

cd /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/
sudo touch apt-fast
sudo cp apt-fast /etc/bash_completion.d/
sudo chown root:root /etc/bash_completion.d/apt-fast
. /etc/bash_completion

Cheers!
Oh! you must logout and login to see the effects!


How do I install the latest Python version in Ubuntu?

Try adding this PPA (notice, I haven't tested it, but it looks fine): https://launchpad.net/~fkrull/+archive/deadsnakes

To do this, open a terminal, and run this:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:fkrull/deadsnakes # Adds the PPA
sudo apt-get update # Updates the lists

And then run the system updates (I would recommend this over sudo apt-get install python3 because other packages may need to be updated for it to work fine):

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade # dist-upgrade might be needed if python3
                          # needs to install or remove packages
                          # for it to work


This is the answer:

#! /bin/bash
#clear
_temp="/tmp/answer.$$"
STRING=""
COUNTER=0
for i in $(ls /mnt/home/$USER/shell_logs/*.log ); do
    let COUNTER=COUNTER+1
   STRING=$(echo $STRING $i \"$COUNTER\" \"OFF\" )
done
dialog --backtitle "Radiolist" --radiolist "test" 0 0 0 $STRING 2>$_temp
result=`cat $_temp`
clear
cat $result


First of all it was a poor idea to install a mainline 5.4 kernel.

Ubuntu 20.04 has the 5.4 kernel by design. You don't get any advantage by installing a 5.4 kernel from mainline. It is the same kernel as used in Ubuntu but without Ubuntu-specific patches.

But if you really want to use mainline kernels, you'll have to disable Secure Boot in BIOS. Mainline kernels are not signed.


Your processor is capable of switching between different clock speeds. When it has not much to do it runs on 1400 MHz therefore saving energy which gives you a longer battery life.

When you give the processor a lot of work it wil automatically switch to it's highest clockspeed :-)

A nice article about that is here:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/CPU_Frequency_Scaling


Having different versions of the same library in different locations and through different means (apt vs compiling from source)

It can. It depends on how your system is configured. If your system finds the older python libraries first in your PATH variable, it will use them.

You can use commands such as update-alternatives to specify which versions of packages you would like to be default on a system. For example, you can use update-alternatives to use an install of java 7 located in /opt as opposed to the openjdk7 installed by default.

You can also place scripts in /etc/profile.d/*.conf to load before any terminal is ran to specify extensions to your PATH variable and also to set other environment variables.

This, or setting environment variables could be used to specify which libraries you would like to use for your program.

Hope this helps!
Kyle


how can I override priority between paths of /bin and /usr/local/bin?

You can give /bin/ss priority by creating a symbolic link to it.

sudo mkdir /opt/ss
sudo ln -s /bin/ss /opt/ss/

and add /opt/ss to your path before /usr/local/bin

export PATH=/opt/ss:$PATH
$ echo $PATH
/opt/ss:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games

to make this permanent, add to the end of ~/.profile

PATH=/opt/ss:$PATH


Quickly: Logging from Python application

Just add logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) after the import statement.

This will make all log messages  being redirected to the terminal. In terms of practices, i think there's nothing specific to Quickly. If you need to tweak other parameters (log to a file instead of console, log format, etc) you can find more info here. Hope it helps.


How do you run a 32-bit program on a 64-bit version of Ubuntu?

There isn't need of the ia32-libs package anymore (since 12.04 to be exact), if you use the APT system, you have nothing to worry about installing 32-bit packages in a 64-bit system. This happened since the introduction of multiarch, one of the Debian most game changing policies in the way Debian manages it dependencies. This method allows to have different binary targets in the same system without care of the kernel architecture. This doesn't mean that you can run any 32-bit package without preparation, but if you install the libraries/binaries any applications in theory should be able to run. This is true from 64-bit to 32-bit and vice-versa.

For using such method is recommended using the APT managers, to prevent unmet dependencies. The changelog includes a small history about how the changes were made:

In precise the package was emptied and made a transitional package. It was added several dependencies against packages that hasn't been moved to multiarch.
Slowly but surely, all packages were rebuild with multiarch support and the reverse dependencies were being dropped or changed to ia32-lib-multiarch. When theses packages stop needing the ia34-libs packages the dependencies were dropped at the same time. The dependencies were changed from ia32-libs to package:arch being package the name of the library needed and arch the architecture (below there is a example with skype).
With the last release the ia32-libs-multiarch package was removed from pre-raring releases and ia32-libs don't got published to saucy. All Ubuntu packages are multiarch capable and you can install different architecture packages in your system.

Now, when installing a package that needs 32-bit binaries, if you don't pay attention you will never know that you are using a 32-bit package, since the package manager will pull automatically the necessary dependencies:

sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends -q -y install skype
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libaudio2:i386 libjbig0:i386 liblcms1:i386 libmng1:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386 libqt4-declarative:i386
  libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-opengl:i386 libqt4-script:i386 libqt4-sql:i386 libqt4-xml:i386
  libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqtgui4:i386 libqtwebkit4:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libtiff5:i386
  libxss1:i386 libxv1:i386 skype-bin:i386
Suggested packages:
  nas:i386 liblcms-utils:i386 libqt4-declarative-folderlistmodel:i386 libqt4-declarative-gestures:i386
  libqt4-declarative-particles:i386 libqt4-declarative-shaders:i386 qt4-qmlviewer:i386 libqt4-dev:i386
  libthai0:i386 libicu48:i386 qt4-qtconfig:i386
Recommended packages:
  libqt4-sql-mysql:i386 libqt4-sql-odbc:i386 libqt4-sql-psql:i386 libqt4-sql-sqlite:i386 libcups2:i386
  sni-qt:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libaudio2:i386 libjbig0:i386 liblcms1:i386 libmng1:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386 libqt4-declarative:i386
  libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-opengl:i386 libqt4-script:i386 libqt4-sql:i386 libqt4-xml:i386
  libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqtgui4:i386 libqtwebkit4:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libtiff5:i386
  libxss1:i386 libxv1:i386 skype skype-bin:i386
0 upgraded, 21 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 33.9 MB/38.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 118 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package libssl1.0.0:i386.
(Reading database ... 208485 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libssl1.0.0:i386 (from .../libssl1.0.0_1.0.1c-4ubuntu8.1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libaudio2:i386.
Unpacking libaudio2:i386 (from .../libaudio2_1.9.3-5ubuntu0.13.04.1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package liblcms1:i386.
Unpacking liblcms1:i386 (from .../liblcms1_1.19.dfsg-1.2ubuntu2_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmng1:i386.
Unpacking libmng1:i386 (from .../libmng1_1.0.10-3build1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqtcore4:i386.
Unpacking libqtcore4:i386 (from .../libqtcore4_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-xml:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-xml:i386 (from .../libqt4-xml_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-dbus:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-dbus:i386 (from .../libqt4-dbus_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-network:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-network:i386 (from .../libqt4-network_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-script:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-script:i386 (from .../libqt4-script_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-sql:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-sql:i386 (from .../libqt4-sql_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 (from .../libqt4-xmlpatterns_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libjbig0:i386.
Unpacking libjbig0:i386 (from .../libjbig0_2.0-2ubuntu1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libtiff5:i386.
Unpacking libtiff5:i386 (from .../libtiff5_4.0.2-4ubuntu2.1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqtgui4:i386.
Unpacking libqtgui4:i386 (from .../libqtgui4_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-declarative:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-declarative:i386 (from .../libqt4-declarative_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-opengl:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-opengl:i386 (from .../libqt4-opengl_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqtwebkit4:i386.
Unpacking libqtwebkit4:i386 (from .../libqtwebkit4_2.3.0-0ubuntu2_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxss1:i386.
Unpacking libxss1:i386 (from .../libxss1_1%3a1.2.2-1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxv1:i386.
Unpacking libxv1:i386 (from .../libxv1_2%3a1.0.7-1ubuntu0.13.04.1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package skype-bin.
Unpacking skype-bin (from .../skype-bin_4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package skype.
Unpacking skype (from .../skype_4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_amd64.deb) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme ...
Setting up libssl1.0.0:i386 (1.0.1c-4ubuntu8.1) ...
Setting up libaudio2:i386 (1.9.3-5ubuntu0.13.04.1) ...
Setting up liblcms1:i386 (1.19.dfsg-1.2ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libmng1:i386 (1.0.10-3build1) ...
Setting up libqtcore4:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-xml:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-dbus:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-network:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-script:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-sql:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libjbig0:i386 (2.0-2ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libtiff5:i386 (4.0.2-4ubuntu2.1) ...
Setting up libxss1:i386 (1:1.2.2-1) ...
Setting up libxv1:i386 (2:1.0.7-1ubuntu0.13.04.1) ...
Setting up libqtgui4:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-declarative:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-opengl:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqtwebkit4:i386 (2.3.0-0ubuntu2) ...
Setting up skype-bin (4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2) ...
Setting up skype (4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place

Notice that skype is a i386 package. If I use apt-get to install it, I will save myself of headaches later.

But some people prefer to use .deb packages, then brace yourself because it can get a bit messy. You should manually install all dependencies before hand so your system don't end with unmet dependencies. A command that will help is dpkg-deb -I since it shows the information of the package:

dpkg-deb -I zynaddsubfx-dssi_2.4.3-3_amd64.deb
 new debian package, version 2.0.
 size 266936 bytes: control archive=845 bytes.
     917 bytes,    19 lines      control
     232 bytes,     3 lines      md5sums
 Package: zynaddsubfx-dssi
 Source: zynaddsubfx
 Version: 2.4.3-3
 Architecture: amd64
 Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
 Original-Maintainer: Debian Multimedia Maintainers <pkg-multimedia-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org>
 Installed-Size: 633
 Depends: libasound2 (>= 1.0.16), libc6 (>= 2.15), libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libjack-jackd2-0 (>= 1.9.5~dfsg-14) | libjack-0.116, libmxml1, libstdc++6 (>= 4.6), zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4)
[...]

As you can see, it lists the dependencies, so you only have to sudo apt-get install them and then sudo dpkg -i. Again, prefer installing software from the repositories instead of downloading them and manually installing it with dpkg -i.

Now, if yours is development, you can install any library using the apt-get syntax. Just add :i386 to the library you want to download, and done. No need to do this manually if you install the software from the repositories.

Bottom line: No, you can run 32-bit packages without installing ia32-libs, if you install the packages from the repositories, even better. If you are into development, try to always use the APT system.


As Faheem said in comments, you can't revert/downgrade the version of Ubuntu once you upgrade it. The only possibility is to do an image of the system, or complete backup and then installing it over. You can also test in a VM as derobert suggest.


How does dhclient get called under 12.04

This ended up being caused by network-manager. My /etc/NetworkManager.conf file looked like this :

[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
dns=dnsmasq

[ifupdown]
managed=false

This config file was set like this when the machine was built (this may be a bug). By the fact that "managed" was set to false, NetworkManager wasn't initiating dhclient for the interface, and it wasn't considering the wired connection to be a real connection and so it wouldn't initiate the VPN either.

I changed "managed" to "true" and restarted the system. It works just as I'd hope now, runs dhclient, VPN works etc.

And to answer some of my own questions :

This is what the wired connection tab in a standard NetworkManager Network Connections dialog should look like : http://i.imgur.com/TgUs8.png
dhclient is kicked off my NetworkManager and then stays running while the connection is up


Use command line to run Veetle linux application

It depends where you placed the veetle file. If you downloaded it to your desktop, run cd Desktop and then run the sh.

EDIT:The veetle script is already an executable. Do not run as root, veetle recommends against it and it will add complications later. (This happened to me)

Sh is needed to run the command.


Is there a way for me to uninstall or delete EVERYTHING off of my computer?

Burn a Ubuntu live cd. Start it and click "Try Ubuntu" then start gparted and delete every partition or create a new partition table.


How to install nvidia driver without replace x.org.x server

Try to install a version that fixes issues with 340.

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-340 nvidia-prime nvidia-settings
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

But this is for Ubuntu 14.04 with 3.19 kernel, not 15.04.


The simplest way I know of is:

cd /path/to/web-data
python3 -m http.server

The command's output will tell you which port it is listening on (default is 8000, I think).
Run python3 -m http.server --help to see what options are available.

For more information:

Python documentation on http.server
Simple HTTP server (this also mentions the python2 syntax)


Is there a way to force "Yes" to any prompts when installing from apt-get (from a bash script)?

From the OPTIONS section of man apt-get

-y, --yes, --assume-yes
    Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts and
    run non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as
    changing a held package, trying to install a unauthenticated
    package or removing an essential package occurs then apt-get will
    abort. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Assume-Yes.


Scribus is the most popular open source desktop publishing application, it is available from the software center.


Boot problem Ubuntu 1604 on machine with Windows10 and UEFI

First, boot the Ubuntu installer in EFI/UEFI mode! That is, do not enable the Compatibility Support Module (CSM), aka "legacy boot" support. Booting the installer in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode is likely to create a mixed-mode installation in which Windows is installed in EFI mode and Ubuntu is installed in BIOS mode. This will be awkward to manage at best. Unfortunately, controlling the computer's boot mode can be difficult, in part because of variability between models in how it's done and in part because manufacturers don't bother to properly document it. A tip, though: Once you've booted the Ubuntu installer, you can drop to a shell and look for a directory called /sys/firmware/efi. If it's present, you've booted in EFI mode; if it's absent, you've booted in BIOS mode. For more on this topic, see my page on the CSM.

Second, you wrote:

  I tried Ubuntu installations with all BIOS boot combinations (all combinations of Legacy, UEFI with CSM, UEFI, Fastboot enabled, Fastboot disabled) with no result. My Ubuntu 1640 won’t boot from disk.

This is unclear. Do you mean you could not boot the installation disk? If so, see the section of my CSM page about preparing boot media. Do you mean that you successfully booted the installer and ran through the installation, but that it then did not boot? If so, what symptoms did you see when you tried to boot -- does the computer boot straight to Windows, do you get to GRUB but it then hangs, does GRUB start to launch Ubuntu but it fails in some way, or something else? What error messages, if any, do you see?

If you booted and ran the installation program, you should run the Boot Repair utility and select the "Create BootInfo Summary" option. (DO NOT click "Recommended Repair," at least not yet!) When asked whether to upload the report, click "Yes," and then post the URL provided here. This will give us more details about your configuration, which is required to base an answer on more than guesswork.

Finally, some EFIs are buggy and forget their boot settings. Absent other information, this would be my best guess about what's causing your problem. See this question and my answer to it for information on dealing with this problem. Be aware that's a shot-in-the-dark response, though, and mucking about with those suggestions could even make matters worse; you'd be better served by posting Boot Repair's BootInfo output for analysis.


ls: cannot open directory: Permission denied

You have no rights on the parent directory

drwx------ 1 root     root   208 nov 16 15:13 ..

You must have the x rights on the parent directory to pass thru this directory

drwx--x--x 1 root     root   208 nov 16 15:13 ..

to do that :

sudo chmod go+x /path/to/the


What I did so far:

sudo fdisk -lu

/dev/sda1  *       2048    999423    997376   487M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       1001470 468860927 467859458 223,1G  5 Erweiterte
/dev/sda5       1001472 468860927 467859456 223,1G 83 Linux

sudo pvscan
PV /dev/mapper/sda5_crypt   VG ubuntu-vg       lvm2 [223,09 GiB / 44,00 MiB free]
Total: 1 [223,09 GiB] / in use: 1 [223,09 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]

sudo vgscan
Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...
Found volume group "ubuntu-vg" using metadata type lvm2

sudo vgchange -a y
2 logical volume(s) in volume group "ubuntu-vg" now active

sudo lvscan
ACTIVE            '/dev/ubuntu-vg/root' [219,81 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE            '/dev/ubuntu-vg/swap_1' [3,24 GiB] inherit

sudo mount /dev/ubuntu-vg/root /mnt/mydisk

After mounting /dev/ubuntu-vg/root I started Boot Repair and clicked on the automatic repair. I got the same message to decrypt the partitions. I wonder, why I need to decrypt partitions and mount /dev/ubuntu-vg/root manually, if Ubuntu is running and everything is already decrypted?

Anyway, I proceeded with Boot Repair and installed GRUB in /dev/sda1.  Boot Repair gave me the message that the reinstallation was successful. The boot loop is still there though. Ubuntu will boot sometimes and sometimes will not.

Now I keep my notebook in stand by modus, because this way I can use it immediately instead of hoping that it is going to boot somehow if I’m lucky :-)

http://paste.ubuntu.com/p/VzwNCMtX9D/


If by "Ubuntu default terminal" you mean the Gnome Terminal, it should be located at /usr/bin/gnome-terminal.

You can try launching it by pressing alt+F2 and entering gnome-terminal.


#!/bin/bash
START=`date +%H`
while [ $(( $(date +%H) - $y )) -lt $START ]; do
    scrot --delay $x
done

Read or replace $x and $y with values


How to install the latest chromium-browser on old Ubuntu releases?

11.10 has reached End-Of-Life status, and so won't get any updates from Ubuntu. 10.04 has reached EOL status for the desktop edition, but not for the server edition, so anything that might be used on the desktop but not on the server won't get updated.

If there is any chance that chromium-browser will install, it will be using the packages from Precise, since those have the lowest dependencies (in terms of version number). However, there's a good chance it won't work, since Google increased their minimum requirements a while ago for Chrome (and, by extension, Chromium) to Ubuntu 12.04.

In short, to get the latest Chromium, I would recommend your friend to update to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (which has desktop support for another year, I think) or Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.

Correction: Starting with 12.04, the support periods for both the desktop and server versions is 5 years.


Kepler? Why Kepler. Install Mars. ;)

Use an extra distribution for C/C++ (Eclipse IDE for C/C++ Developers) and one for Java (Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers).

That prepares you definitely less problems. Both languages in one development environment faces a number of traps. Believe me.

Read my answer here for further instructions.


Install driver from https://bitbucket.org/Swoogan/aziokbd

sudo apt-get install mercurial build-essential linux-headers-generic dkms
hg clone https://bitbucket.org/Swoogan/aziokbd
cd aziokbd
sudo ./install.sh dkms

Add kernel option to grub to prevent usbhid from being used for this keyboard. Append:

usbhid.quirks=0x0c45:0x7603:0x4

to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub.

Example:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash usbhid.quirks=0x0c45:0x7603:0x4"

Update grub

sudo update-grub

Reboot

References:

CTRL and ALT keys mapped to Shift for some reason
dkms Installed kernel module but not working after reboot
Prevent usbhid from claiming USB device


Eclipse doesn't start on ubuntu18.04 has the answer: The repositories (universe) contain a very old version (3.8.1-11). However, in Ubuntu-Software you also find a Snap-package of a newer version (4.7.3a actually) which works fine.


Ubuntu 13.10 fail to load graphics driver, black screen after login

most people uninstall by only apt-get remove but the better way is to use apt-get purge

So try to purge fglrx

Also DebOrphan deltes anything left over and unneeded packages.


Burn this to a CD or USB drive: http://sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair-cd/home/Home/.
Boot from that disk and run Boot Repair to get Ubuntu working again.
Once you boot into Ubuntu, open a terminal and run sudo update-grub. This should add the Windows bootloader to the GRUB menu and you can then reboot into GRUB and select Windows.


The error message tells you exactly what to do: boot into windows, run chkdsk /f and reboot into windows twice more.

From Ubuntu (but only use this if you have not got a Windows system (better safe than sorry)):

ntfsck /dev/sda2

This is part of the ntfs-progs sudo apt-get install ntfsprogs if not installed yet.


Is it possible to reinstall software-manager after uninstalling on ubuntu 18.04? No network connectivity

Thanks to muru for describing to me in the comments how to solve this problem. I'm writing it as an answer so that others will easily see that this question has been answered.

As wicd had been installed, I just needed to access it.
Suggested command line prompts for this:

wicd-cli, wicd-gtk or wicd-ncurses.

wicd-gtk worked for me.

This prompt opened up the GUI for the application, and it automatically searched for nearby wifi networks. I connected to a network, then ran the command:

sudo apt-get install network-manager

This meant that I could access the network as normal. Later I realised that sometimes the wifi would cut suddenly and be completely unable to find any nearby wifi networks. Restarting the computer appeared to fix this only temporarily. To fix it permanently, I removed wicd:

sudo apt-get autoremove wicd wicd-gtk
sudo dpkg --purge wicd wicd-gtk


linaro cross compiling with .deb dependency

One way to get aarch64 packages into the build system is to enable it as a foreign architecture:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture aarch64
sudo apt-get update

Now you can remove libsensors4-dev for your build architecture and install it for the host architecture aarch64:

sudo apt-get install libsensors4-dev- libsensors4-dev:aarch64+

It's necessary to remove the build architecture package because it can't coexist with a package of the same name for a different architecture. The dependency libsensors4:aarch64 however can coexist with libsensors41. This means that you can keep running programs on the build system that are dynamically linked against libsensors4 but you can't use libsensors4-dev to link new build architecture programs against it.

I don't know how you configured and installed the cross-compiler but GCC usually picks up the canonical locations for header files (/usr/include) and library files (/usr/lib/<architecture>-<system-type>) which is exactly to where DPKG extracts them from libsensors4-dev (any architecture). If that's not the case you can tell GCC/G++ to add include file directories with -I<PATH> and library directories with -L<PATH>. Furthermore you can list current include directories with gcc -xc++ -E -v /dev/null and current library directories with gcc gcc -print-search-dirs.

1 You can check if a package can coexist with its “sibling” of a different architecture if you look at Multi-Arch field in the package control information. “same” means it can coexist. Use dpkg-query -s <PACKAGE>, apt-cache show <PACKAGE>, or dpkg-deb -I <DEB-FILE> to show package control information. For more info see the Multiarch Specification on Binary package control fields.


Are there any apps to resize videos in Ubuntu?

Terminal commands (Which by default are not installed) are:

MENCODER

Install it by sudo apt-get install mencoder

mencoder

The part about mencoder that you want is the parameter -vop scale which tells mencoder to what scale you want the video to go to. This is normal if you want to reduce bandwidth use, lower video size, etc..

mencoder input.mp4 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mp4 -vop scale=640:480 -oac copy -o output.mp4

or

mencoder input.mp4 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mp4 -vf scale=640:480 -oac copy -o output.mp4

or a simple

mencoder input.mp4 -vop scale=640:480 -o output.mp4

Although from my experience is better to include additional information for video and audio like the one above.

FFMPEG (Deprecated)

Install it by sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

ffmpeg

Here is an example of ffmpeg:

ffmpeg -i input -vf scale=iw/2:-1 output

Where IW = Video Input Width.

Scale = Parameter to scale to. In this case you are dividing the original size by 2 (iw/2)

both of which can provide more information if you either execute them without parameters or variables like just mencoder or ffmpeg or type for example man mencoder or man ffmpeg which will give you a VERY extensive little manual on how to work with them.

AVCONV <-- I love this guy!

avconv

To Install - sudo apt-get install libav-tools

To Run - avconv -i input.mp4 -s 640x480 output.mp4

Where -i is for the original input file, -s is for the size for each frame and the name of the output final goes in the end.

GUI tools which I love are:

AVIDEMUX - It can resize and lower the size which helps in cases where the objective is to lower size. avidemux

HANDBRAKE - Excellent tool for converting videos and optimizing size. I use it a lot when going from ogg to mp4 with h.264. Lowers A LOT the size. handbrake

OPENSHOT & PITIVI - Both are good video editors tha can help lower size when rendering the video. openshot  and pitivi

So in conclusion, for direct resizing/scaling you can use the terminal ones. For size you can use all.


Free Google Drive Client to Sync files/folders for Ubuntu 16.04?

A very indirect alternative:

Install google drive on a windows guest/virtual os (I used virtualbox).
Install SyncToy to sync files between your Ubuntu system (shared folder) and google drive folder on windows system.

Viola. You just have to run SyncToy whenever you would like to sync your files on your Ubuntu filesystem with google drive.

UPDATE: I recently found that GoodSync is a good alternative to Microsoft's SyncToy.


So I'm new to linux so no guarantees, and correct me if I'm wrong, but...

Seems that you need to install through a different channel. If you use this in terminal:

sudo snap install <program-name>

it should give back the error "snap 'program-name' is not available on stable" and proceed to name the channels it IS available on, as well as the command to use.

(I used this on 2 different programs already, one of them had to be installed with --beta, the other through --edge. Both worked out fine.)


How to automatically copy backup of file edited

It will depend upon which editor you use:

nano has an option for automatically backup files when you save them, which can be in the same or alternate directory.
gedit has an option [to not] save a backup file
vim apparently does as well

It would be best to determine which editor that you would like to use, and research the documentation of that editor to determine how and where, it will make backups of the files that you edit.


Ubuntu not booting right. No taskbar. No unity. No left bar. No programs. Error windows don't have a title bar

It sounds like Compiz (and possibly lightdm) aren't starting properly.

Drop to a TTY and do 'sudo service compiz start' or try 'sudo service lightdm restart'


Changed root password on my server, now can't login anymore

The command

 sudo passwd -dl root

is for disabling root and removing root password. As explained in man passwd:

  -d --delete

  Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless.

  -l --lock

  Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a
  password by changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a ´!´ at the beginning of the password).

So you just need to set root password again.

So, first execute in a terminal

sudo passwd root

or

sudo -i
passwd

you will be prompted for a new Unix password. Write it twice (second time for confirmation).

Then execute

sudo passwd -u root

to unlock the account. This should return

passwd: password expiry information changed

Now you will be able to access root. But it is not a good idea as you can see here.


To get your computer running properly again reinstall the NVIDIA drivers and Optimus support.
Uninstall bumblebee and install nvidia-prime, it is the replacement to switch between graphics.

First uninstall every NVIDIA related software - boot the PC and when the GRUB menu appears :

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and  press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter your user name and password and then execute :

sudo apt-get purge nvidia* bumblebee
sudo apt-get update
sudo reboot

Now install the latest official NVIDIA drivers - boot the PC and when the GRUB menu appears :

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and  press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter your user name and password and then execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-358 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot

You can switch between intel and NVIDIA graphics with NVIDIA X Server Settings Prime Profiles.


When you do an update-grub, it scans all the partitions it can see for OSs that it knows what to do with.  If your encrypted partition is not mounted when it scans, it will not find the OSs that are encrypted.

So your first step is to decrypt the encrypted partitions and mount them to a block device.  You can do this with cryptsetup:

cryptsetup luksOpen <device> <name>

So if your encrypted device is /dev/sda5 (your partition structure isn't clear), use something like

cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda5 crunch

to decrypt /dev/sda5 and mount the decrypted block device (not the filesystem!) on /dev/mapper/crunch.  Then you can go ahead and mount /dev/mapper/crunch <some mountpoint> as normal.


Zooming in towards mouse in Ubuntu 16.04

If you are using KDE Plasma, use + to zoom in or - to zoom out. If you're not using Plasma then you can try xzoom which should already be installed on your system (search for it through the Dash) or start a terminal and type xzoom


Calibrating Bosto16HD with Wacom Drivers

You can use the following command to properly map screen for Bosto16HD:
xsetwacom set Area 100 90 17920 10240


Drop to a console after boot, and then start the GUI when required

This is done by booting into text mode:

make a backup by running the command below:

sudo cp -n /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.orig

If for some reason you want to revert to original settings, just run command below in terminal:

sudo mv /etc/default/grub.orig /etc/default/grub && sudo update-grub

To get started, press Ctrl+Alt+T to open terminal. When it opens, follow the below steps:

Copy and paste below command into terminal and hit enter:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

This opens Grub boot loader config file with text editor.
Do below changes:

Comment the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”quiet splash”, by adding # at the beginning, which will disable the Ubuntu purple screen.

Change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="text", this makes Ubuntu boot directly into Text Mode.

Uncomment this line #GRUB_TERMINAL=console, by removing the # at the beginning, this makes Grub Menu into real black & white Text Mode (without background image)
After saved the changes, update grub via command:

sudo update-grub

Restart your computer and see the result.

Read this for more information.


VirtualBox using LUKS for root and shrinking

So I was not able to shrink the lvm container manually.

But I was able to add the discard="true" option to the .vbox file, which looked like

<AttachedDevice nonrotational="true" discard="true" type="HardDisk" port="1" device="0">
    <Image uuid="{3836a042-a83e-4000-9a59-e95ad65162ce}"/>
</AttachedDevice>

After booting again now, I was able to run fstrim and the .vdi file was shrunk.

Actually, I had some problems using this option before, so I wanted to do this by hand.

I highly recommend making a backup, as I killed my .vdi file and was not able to restore. Also I disabled the option again later, and checked the filesystem before I deleted my backup.

There is some more information here.


I too have a Microdia webcam, and mine works, albeit the colours seem very washed out compared to how the same camera appears on Windows.
Mine shows up as:
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0c45:624e Microdia PC Camera (SN9C201 + SOI968)
You will most likely need the video4linux support libraries.
Check if you have them already. In terminal, do:

locate v4l1compat.so

If yours are in (most likely, and assuming you have a 64bit linux)
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so
Assuming you want to see the webcam output in cheese, create a file as follows:

#!/bin/bash
LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so cheese

save it as a script, mine is called ´cheesefix.sh´ (yes, cheesy!)
then look at the file permissions, make it executable.
finally do (in terminal)

./cheesefix.sh

or whatever you called it.

this is actually heavily based on

https://askubuntu.com/questions/418356/trust-webcam-on-ubuntu-12-04


The package fglrx needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it

A quick and easy way to install the driver for your Ati card would be to open terminal and type these lines in and hit enter:

sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-amdcccle
sudo aticonfig --initial
fglrxinfo

Now reboot and your card should be working.


Yes, you can ssh directly into any juju node with juju ssh, for example:

juju ssh mysql/0

or just the machine # if you want to do it that way:

juju ssh 0

This will ssh you into whichever unit of whichever service. I prefer to do it by service name because I tend to mix up numbers. If you're looking to debug a charm however, you should check out juju debug-hooks, which is an interactive ssh/tmux session designed to do exactly what you're doing.

If you're not on a Juju enabled box and need to SSH in, you need to find the IP/hostname of the machine to ssh to. In the case of Amazon or HP Cloud you can get this information via the usual CLI tools or by using the web console to get the IP that the provider has assigned the instance.

https://jujucharms.com/docs/stable/developer-debugging


Your array is not listed in /etc/fstab, therefore it is not automatically mounted.  If you want it to be automatically mounted in a specific location, you need to add it.


I solved this. This is what I did:
I installed TestDisk and selected to not save any logs, then the partition type GPT and proceeded to scan for partitions. It found all the partitions.
After that, with parted /dev/sda > rescue and adding the start and end numbers of each partition from TestDisk I recovered everything.


Converting an encrypted .ps file to a .pdf file

Why don't you use imagemagick? Try this:

convert myfile.ps myfile.pdf

Hope it helps you


How to list contents of Amavis quarantine

I found a Webinterface written in PHP to browse the amavisd-new quarantine called MailZu:

Screenshots and original project page:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/mailzu/

Latest fork:
https://github.com/gnanet/mailzu

It also allows users to manage their own quarantine. It requires that amavisd-new uses a database backend to store the quarantine.


How to disable numpad digits in Ubuntu 18?

The links provided by @Rinzwind are very useful and I upvote his comment, I thought to write below steps just to let you get quick output/ result what you are looking for, I recommend you to follow those links to understand the concept and become master in mappings..

Turn off the Num_Lock key.
run xmodmap command in terminal..

you will get the result similar to below..

pratap@i7-6550U:~$ xmodmap
xmodmap:  up to 4 keys per modifier, (keycodes in parentheses):

    shift       Shift_L (0x32),  Shift_R (0x3e)
    lock
    control     Control_L (0x25),  Control_R (0x69)
    mod1        Alt_L (0x40),  Alt_R (0x6c),  Meta_L (0xcd)
    mod2        Num_Lock (0x4d)
    mod3
    mod4        Super_L (0x85),  Super_R (0x86),  Super_L (0xce),  Hyper_L (0xcf)
    mod5        ISO_Level3_Shift (0x5c),  Mode_switch (0xcb)

pratap@i7-6550U:~$

note that Num_Lock is for mod2

we need to Remove Num_Lock from mod2 with below command in terminal

xmodmap -e "remove mod2 = Num_Lock"

Example:

pratap@i7-6550U:~$ xmodmap -e "remove Mod2 = Num_Lock"
pratap@i7-6550U:~$

since we removed Num_Lock from mod2 when the Num_Lock state is off, there will be no effect even we press Num_Lock here onwards.. hence its state is always off.

this command in terminal will not persist after a logout or reboot.. so add this command to startup applications like below..

When ever you want to operate Num_Lock key in a running session, you can run below command
xmodmap -e "add mod2 = Num_Lock"

when you want to get rid of all these changes and want the default behaviour..
remove the startup command we added.


Run

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/some-ppa.list

and the problem should be fixed.

You added some crap to that file.

Also you have another crap in your /etc/apt/sources.list.

I suggest creating a default list from scratch. Run

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list

Then go to System Settings -> Software & Updates and check all sources at the first tab.

This will re-create the sources.list.


You could use pdftk from the commandline:

pdftk A=bigpdf.pdf B=insert.pdf cat A1-180 B A181-end output output.pdf

Or if you want a GUI you could use PDFsam (PDF split and merge), PDFjam or jPDFTweak. (PDF Shuffler has already been mentioned.)


Executing binary does not work and does not return anything, although expected

Okay, problem solved:

sudo mount -o remount,exec /tmp

did the trick, as /tmp was mounted with noexec option.

Biber is packed with par, which extracts to /tmp before executing, so /tmp has to allow execution.

This could be verified by looking at the output of strace biber: http://pastebin.com/X0tC5ABz

where

stat("/tmp/par-75736572/cache-371b0cf3aa3eec4dfb0c82647515336d327c4e62/libperl.so.5.10.0", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1503704, ...}) = 0
execve("/tmp/par-75736572/cache-371b0cf3aa3eec4dfb0c82647515336d327c4e62/biber", ["biber"], [/* 73 vars */]) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)
exit_group(255)

gives the hint.

As I don't have enough reputation score: Could somebody change the title, to be more general, so that people facing a similar problem have the chance to find a solution:
Example: Executing binary returns to command prompt with no output, although expected.


Message- Cannot find installed version of python-django or python3-django

There are a number of different ways in which you can install Django depending upon your needs and how you want to configure your development environment.

Global Install from Packages:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python-django

You can test that the installation was successful by typing:

django-admin --version

Global Install through pip:

sudo apt-get update

Now you can install pip. If you plan on using Python version 2, install using the following commands:

sudo apt-get install python-pip

If, instead, you plan on using Python 3, use this command:

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

Now that you have pip, we can easily install Django. If you are using Python 2, you can type:

sudo pip install django

If you are using Python 3, use the pip3 command instead:

sudo pip3 install django

You can verify that the installation was successful by typing:

django-admin --version

Global Install through pip.
Global Install through pip.

full Details and all rights goes to the owner from digitalOcean


Alright, figured out how to solve the issue, although not quite 'why' it happened.

Seems I had installed a stand-alone version of Firefox (a Mozilla build probably, from mozilla.org). After a while the Ubuntu-supported version made it's way to the computer, not sure if during one of the OS upgrades.

So when I ran Firefox I was running the version installed in my user home folder (which had updated to 11, the current version at this point in time), which for some reason had trouble displaying the icon. (when running this version from a terminal there are a bunch of gtk error messages).

When I ran Firefox from the command line, the version that ran was the version by Ubuntu Mozilla Team. This version managed to display the icon, despite the error message (which now I believe is not related). Both Firefox's used the same profile data, hence the confusion.

So the solution is to just use the right version. Although still don't know exactly why the moz build had issues with icons.


What does the message "Publishing has been disabled for this archive" mean for a PPA on Launchpad?

Looks to me like it isn't building on any supported versions.  The last build revision was on O, so everything it built for is no longer supported.


This appears to help:

http://www.microhowto.info/howto/perform_an_unattended_installation_of_a_debian_package.html#idp20080

or this:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure debconf -f noninteractive -p critical

from https://serverfault.com/questions/197495/ubuntu-dpkg-non-interactive-installation


Ubuntu freezes frequently giving error : GEN6_RP_INTERRUPT_LIMITS

Follow these steps precisely!

Run following command in terminal and tick all check boxes under Ubuntu Software and Updates tabs. If already ticked then leave it.

sudo software-properties-gtk

then update your repository:

sudo apt-get update

Install Linux Kernel 3.8.0 by selecting following packages in Synaptic:

linux-generic-lts-raring
linux-headers-3.8.0-30
linux-headers-3.8.0-30-generic
linux-headers-generic-lts-raring
linux-image-3.8.0-30-generic
linux-image-generic-lts-raring

you can also install Kernel 3.8.x by executing following command:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-raring linux-headers-3.8.0-30 linux-headers-3.8.0-30-generic linux-headers-generic-lts-raring linux-image-3.8.0-30-generic linux-image-generic-lts-raring

Once installed execute following command to update-grub and reboot your system(be sure to select Kernel 3.8.0.30 from your grub menu):

sudo update-grub && sudo reboot

Before trying to 3rd step I just want you to try 4th step. If it fixes your problem then no need to install latest Xserver-Xorg packages so you can skip 3rd step.
Install all -lts-raring packages for Xserver-Xorg using following command:

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-raring libxatracker1-lts-raring xserver-xorg-core-lts-raring xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-raring xserver-xorg-input-evdev-lts-raring xserver-xorg-input-mouse-lts-raring xserver-xorg-input-synaptics-lts-raring xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse-lts-raring xserver-xorg-input-wacom-lts-raring xserver-xorg-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-ati-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-cirrus-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-fbdev-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-intel-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-mach64-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-mga-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-modesetting-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-neomagic-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-nouveau-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-openchrome-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-r128-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-radeon-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-s3-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-savage-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-sis-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-sisusb-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-tdfx-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-trident-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-vesa-lts-raring xserver-xorg-video-vmware-lts-raring libxrandr-ltsq2 x11-xserver-utils-lts-raring xserver-common-lts-raring

Why this list is so long because I ensure that you install all lts-raring packages for xserver-xorg. I recommend you to copy and paste it in terminal. It will remove already installed Xserver-Xorg packages which was meant for previous kernel. so press y when it prompts to remove such packages.. Run this command to ensure you installed all:

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends xserver-xorg-lts-raring

restart your system.
Now execute following commands:

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo dpkg-reconfigure -a
sudo dpkg-reconfigure $(dpkg -l | awk '{print $2}' | grep "^xserver" | tr '\n' ' ')

If last step shows some error, then execute these commands sudo apt-get -f install, sudo apt-get --purge remove, sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get autoclean.

Then again try to run the command that gives you error. If still it gives you the same error then replace that command with this one: sudo dpkg-reconfigure $(dpkg -l | awk '{print $2}' | grep 'lts-raring' | tr '\n' ' ').

Then continue to next:

sudo update-initramfs -u

Then restart your system again:

sudo reboot

After reboot your system should work great.

A short description of all steps mentioned above:

1st Step ensures that you'll able to download lts-raring packages.

In 2nd step you are installing a good stable kernel for your system, you are using so old kernel: 3.2.x.

3rd Step will install Xserver-Xorg packages including graphics card driver which is best supported by Kernel 3.8.0

4th Step is used to re-configure the packages installed in your system to latest kernel just you installed.

It is not that much tough, I did it without any problem. And my system works great now! If you get any problem or error at any particular step, just reply mentioning that command with the error. I'll be waiting for your reply..


CLOSE : Ubuntu 16.04 other website page "The requested URL / was not found on this server"

It looks like the rewrite rules aren't being applied. Try accessing the page with normal URL parameters to test that theory. The actual problem is most likely that Apache isn't recognizing the config files. Because this started on Windows, they have probably been renamed in order to cope with the filesystem. You'll either want to rename them back to .htaccess or set the configuration setting in your httpd.conf file. Look for the AccessFileName configuration line and set it to AccessFileName htaccess.conf or whatever your site uses.


Actually, we use this thing called "mumble" inside Canonical. It's organized
like an IRC server with various rooms and basic texting ability. Great
for ad hoc meetings and a little more entertaining than just hanging out
on IRC. The configuration could be better, but once you get the mic setup
right, and settle on your push to talk keys, you're pretty much all set.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mumble/1.1.8-3


The iso files are at the iso tracker now (for testing purposes). See this link and links from it,

16.04.4 at iso.qa.ubuntu.com/qatracker/milestones

We can expect that they will arrive soon (March 1, 2018) at the usual web sites for Ubuntu iso files, for example

releases.ubuntu.com/

Edit: I can confirm that you can find 16.04.4 at releases.ubuntu.com/ now.


Are there any security advantages of using the command line over a GUI?

As far as X11 server goes (which is one of the GUI implementations for *nix systems), one of very famous disadvantages of using that is clipboard - virtually any application can access it and add data to it, which means if you have sensitive data in clipboard, any application can steal it. Conversely, there are ways to masquerade malicious commands as harmless. Now, take a naive and inexperienced junior sysadmin, that copies commands from the web into terminal on production server, and they copy one of malicious commands into it. The boss can be very happy about it :)

There are methods to mitigate it, and  Wayland display server strives to solve this as one of the issues.Now compare that with command-line - there's no access to clipboard. So among many things, that's at least one advantage.

Tangentially, having no GUI reduces attack surface and minimizes complexity of the system, thus the easier it's to administer and the more minimalist a system is, the better it can be considered security-wise.


How can I monitor/control applications making network connections?

You can use netstat for your 1. and 2. points. Although netstat is not a background running process. But once run it, you can see which applications are waiting for incoming connections, which applications are connected to which peer, etc.


Please replace > by 2>&1 >>, test this:

* * * * * mailq|awk ' /^[0-9A-F][0-9A-F]*.*MAILER-DAEMON$/ {print $1}'|tr -d '*'| xargs -rn1 /usr/sbin/postsuper -d 2>&1 >> output.txt

UPDATED:
You can set the path to output.txt complete, for example, Please try this:

* * * * * mailq|awk ' /^[0-9A-F][0-9A-F]*.*MAILER-DAEMON$/ {print $1}'|tr -d '*'| xargs -rn1 /usr/sbin/postsuper -d 2>&1 >> /var/log/output.txt

I hope help you.


Printing on CD/DVD with Epson Stylus Photo R285 (or similar)

What you need is a good CD cover template for your printer.

Then you can use any program you want to make your cd label. Everything from gimp, openoffice draw to inkscape or scribus. There is also a program specifically for labels called glabels which may already have a good template you can use.

I have an SVG template which I use with my Canon iP5000 which positions the CD image on a page size the printer is expecting. I developed the template with a lot of trial and error using a non-printable cd which I could wipe the ink off and try again and now I can happily make CDs in inkscape, export to PDF and print them out.


I have a similar situation here: there is a number of Windows network shares that my Windows guest system is accessing. My solution is just to mount the shares in the Ubuntu host via Samba, using the Nautilus URl smb://.../.... Usually, I then directly access them through ~/.gvfs/.... (or other mount point depending on your Ubuntu version).

If you cannot find the share by browsing the windows network, but know the fileserver and the share name, you can enter directly in the Nautilus' address bar (Go -> Location from the menu) the following URL:

smb://fileserver/sharename/

Alternatively, you can use the mount command like this:

sudo mount -t cifs -o username,blah,blah //servername/sharename/ /mountpoint

or use an entry in your fstab.

Basically, if your Windows guest can access it, your Ubuntu host should be able to mount it as well.

In other words, instead of Windows network -> Windows guest -> Ubuntu host I mount Windows network -> Windows guest and Windows network -> Ubuntu host directly.


resize ext4 /boot partition using ssh connection on VM

I have successfully resize /boot partition enlarge it and shrink root partition on Virtual Machine using a ssh connection.

I have /dev/sda1 (/boot)
and    /dev/sda2 (/) root

First need to boot on some like live cd.  My provider let me use a system-rescue-cd booting system. So on my provider vps control panel I have an option to boot in system-rescue-cd and after I do I can connect to it by ssh at the same ip of my vps.

Before I do it on my host I do:
$ mv /home/<username>/.ssh/known_hosts /home/<username>/.ssh/known_hosts.bak
to avoid my system try to connect to remote host using rsa certificate.

At the end job I do an $ mv /home/<username>/.ssh/known_hosts.bak /home/<username>/.ssh/known_hosts
to restore the previous behaviour.

I connect in ssh to system-rescue-cd
I check my partition was not mount by
# umonunt /dev/sda1
# umonunt /dev/sda2
system tell me that they are not mounted.
# e2fsck -f /dev/sda2 to check fs
my sda2 is 300Gb most empty. I resize it to 200GB:
# resize2fs /dev/sda2 200G (shrink)
the previous command have an output like ... The filesystem on /dev/sda2 is now xxxxx (4k) blocks long. ... where xxxxx is a number. You have to multiple xxxxx * 4 to get yyyyy the new size in k and remember it
now I have to set the partition table:

# fdisk /dev/sda (type m for help)
active d command (delete partition)
select 2 partition
active n command (create partition)
select p (primary partition)
select first sector: choose default (same of before)
select last sector: +yyyyyk (if yyyyy is 3746596 choose +3746596k) note the + and the k
then it ask you:
Partition #2 contains a ext4 signature
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o:
choose n (otherwise it delete all your data I suppose)
activate w command to write new partition on disk

Now you have to move the root partition to the right.

You need to define a new_start_sector to move.
# fdisk -l
and get the last sector of /dev/sda1 (/boot partition) hypothesize number zzz
make 1024*1024*1024/512 and get one GB in sector and add to zzz to get a new_start_sector (zzz+(1024*1024*1024/512))

make a bash script like this:

#!/bin/sh
partition=/dev/sda2
disk=/dev/sda
sector_size=512
new_start_sector=2584575
exit 1 # drop this line exit 1 after you have change 2584575 using zzz calculate before by you
# opos is right after the new partition and given in bytes
opos=$(($new_start_sector * $sector_size + `blockdev --getsize64 $partition`))
echo "doing dd_rescue -v -r -S $opos $partition $disk"
dd_rescue -v -r -S $opos $partition $disk

Now you have move root partition but have to set the correct partition table.

# fdisk /dev/sda (type m for help)

active d command (delete partition)
select 2 partition
active n command (create partition)
select p (primary partition)
select first sector: choose new_start_sector defined before
select last sector: choose default (last available)
then it ask you:
Partition #2 contains a ext4 signature
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o:
choose n (otherwise it delete all your data I suppose)
activate w command to write new partition on disk

Now resize root partition by:
# e2fsck -f /dev/sda2 to check fs
# resize2fs /dev/sda2

Now delete boot partition and make it bigger:

# fdisk /dev/sda (type m for help)

active d command (delete partition)
select 1 partition
active n command (create partition)
select p (primary partition)
select first sector: choose default
select last sector: choose new_start_sector - 1
then it ask you:
Partition #1 contains a ext4 signature
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o:
choose n (otherwise it delete all your data I suppose)
choose a command (to make partition 1 bootable)
select 1 partition
activate w command to write new partition on disk

Now resize boot partition by:
# e2fsck -f /dev/sda1 to check fs
# resize2fs /dev/sda1

I restarted and all was ok.
I do this command on system-rescue-cd and at restart all history is gone so I try to remenber all to write there.
Be careful calculate the sector and byte to use in my example.

All this example is done by search on google various solutions
one
two
three
and more ...

remember
$ mv /home/<username>/.ssh/known_hosts.bak /home/<username>/.ssh/known_hosts

best regards,
Leonardo


How do I use a second HDMI-connected monitor?

Open System/Preferences/Monitors and click 'Detect'.  This is the standard way and should "Just Work".  I assume you tried this already and it didn't just work.

Next, I'd try doing it from the command line:  xrandr --auto

If that didn't work, time to debug.  Run xrandr by itself and examine the output.  It should show you that there is an HDMI output, and should indicate if you have a monitor connected to it, and should show what resolutions it supports.

If it all looks okay, you can force the monitor's setup using the xrandr command line tool.  See man xrandr or the various examples at http://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Config.

If it doesn't look ok, well there's a whole host of different problems that could have resulted in that.  http://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/ collects a lot of wisdom for troubleshooting these sorts of problems.  For example, if your monitor is actually a TV, there's some workarounds for that.


command line way:
To set a static IP edit /etc/network/interfaces and change the following:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

to:

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.150
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

Obviously, you will want to change eth0 to whatever your network card is called (hint: ifconfig) and change your IP address, gateway, dns-nameservers to whatever you want them to be. Now, if you want your DNS to come from your ISP then don't set any and it will work fine.

Finally, restart your ethernet:

sudo service networking restart
sudo ifdown eth0
sudo ifup eth0

Graphical way:
open system settings > network > Wired > Options
it will look like this:

set Method to Manual
click Add under Address and fill various fields.
Set DNS if you know if, leave blank if want it from your ISP. save
plug-in your ethernet cable
check your ethernet is working or not by ping google.com if you are getting output then success


Disk space required for installation is larger than the one freed after removal: why?

The difference can be found here:

The following additional packages will be installed:
  libfdk-aac0 libluajit-5.1-2 libluajit-5.1-common libxcb-xinerama0

After you uninstall obs-studio, these packages should be available to remove using apt-get autoremove if no other packages depend on them.

You could also run:

sudo apt-get remove --purge obs-studio libfdk-aac0 libluajit-5.1-2 libluajit-5.1-common libxcb-xinerama0

and you should get the original size directly.


grub2 failed to boot Windows 8 and got blurred screen

It´s probably a windows problem. Windows assumes that it is the only OS running on your computer (and so it is trying to load the entire hard drive but it can´t). Try to mount the windows partition into ubuntu and save your required data. After you finished that step you have to reinstall windows and declare that you wish to install it parallel to Ubuntu. After installing you need to reinstall your programs and load your data back from the hdd used for saving it.
A different (but really complicated) way of solving the problem is to mount the windows partition and fix the NTFS headers manually. But for doing such things you REALLY need to know what you´re doing. If you do so: you need to fix the partition size inside the 'registry of your windows partition' from the entire hard drive size to the new size of your partition. But note: I tried this several times and it only worked once for me.


grub2 installation fails for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Recent Windows versions (most likely starting with Windows 7) create a hidden boot partition by default and Linux installers seem not to be able to handle it correctly.

Is this your case?

In Windows, run diskmgmt.msc. Your primary disk starts with a System Reserved partition of size 100–200 MB. Click on the disk’s grey field in the left and open Properties. On the Volumes page, the Partition style is Master Boot Record (MBR).

Solution

Get a spare drive and backup your current drive setup with Clonezilla or similar software. It can save your system if you do a mistake in the following procedure!
Make the partition visible to Windows, move its data to C: and update settings of the boot manager. Use this detailed guide: https://www.terabyteunlimited.com/kb/article.php?id=409
Once Windows boot fine without their hidden partition, you can install Linux to make a dual-boot setup.

References

https://www.terabyteunlimited.com/kb/article.php?id=409
http://winsupersite.com/article/windows-7/windows-7-release-candidate-review-part-3-other-changes--in-the-release-candidate
http://woshub.com/removable-usb-flash-drive-as-local-disk-in-windows-7/


Why does the Messaging Indicator display 3 instances of Inbox?

As far as I know, each account you set up with Evolution will have its own inbox showing because they do not share the same inbox. I use Evolution with my school email and Gmail addresses, and they have 2 different inboxes in Evolution.
I'm not sure myself; I am actually wondering whether this could be filed as a bug report on Launchpad.
They do on my system, at least when Evolution is open but its window does not have focus.


Layout change with Alt+Shift in Ubuntu 14.04 using Gnome 3.10

You can solve this problem by going to:

  System Setting > Keyboard > Shortcuts > Typing > Modifiers-only switch to next source

Click on it and choose "Alt+Shift"

This is on GNOME 3.18.


How to force an apple drive to mount as RW

So it turns out that the Stackexchange.com question I linked to had the correct answer:

fsck.hfsplus -fryd /dev/sdb2

was what I needed to do to fix the file system on the drive after which I was able to mount it in Read-Write mode and delete my files.

All my error messages about USB resets were a red herring that flooded the dmsg logs and made it difficult to find the truly relevant error message.


USB wireless Netgear adapter Ubuntu 16.04

According to the comments reinstalling ndiswrapper and reperforming the steps following the installation fixed the issue. To reinstall ndiswrapper:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ndiswrapper ndiswrapper-dkms


I found the problem. VDR has a feature which shutdowns the system after a configurable time of inactivity, default is 5 hours...


Network problems with Ubuntu Server 12.10

Is your router saying 8MB/s or 8Mb? is it cable or ADSL? Internet download speeds are dependant on alot more than link speed. Things like congestion at your ISP as well as remote server load. This speed does not sound abnormal.

What are local copies like? The info provided looks fine. Dont worry about eth0 etc.. They are just names assigned to the NIC . eth0, eth1 etc.. yours likely has a name derived from the module or model of card.


20.10: Stop windows' edges from resisting crossing other windows' edges

This is discussed in this bugzilla opened in 2012, when a request was made to be able to disable this window edge resistance/snapping feature. It is an interesting read.
In Wayland, gnome uses mutter and this has finally been disabled by this merge request, which made it into the git master on 14th October 2020. I don't know when you might be able to install this version.
Though a suggestion was made in February 2019 to disable the feature and add a toggle option in dconf, it was not pursued, to avoid maintenance effort.
Note, you will stilll be able to activate the edge resistance temporarily by using the shift modifier key whist dragging windows.


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS + buildbot: how to fix dependencies problem?

I would recommend using pip with a package that provides virtual environments such as virtualenv.

Install virtualenv if you haven't:

sudo apt install virtualenv

Create a directory for your project and cd to it.
Create a virtual environment called venv and then activate it:

virtualenv venv
source venv/bin/activate

Install buildbot using pip (this will pull in the required dependencies like sqlalchemy):

pip install buildbot

Try the Buildbot tutorial at http://docs.buildbot.net/current/tutorial/firstrun.html to make sure Buildbot is working as expected.
After you are done using the virtual environment, deactivate it:

deactivate


I fixed the problem by deleting the .cache .compiz and .config folders from my home folder.


No worries Ubuntu did not damage your USB drive. But we do not use poorly documented bit flags of a FAT32, FAT16, or NTFS filesystem. On Windows these flags indicate a possibly corrupted filesystem when we had not properly unmounted the drive or an I/O error had occured.

Those bits are located in a reserved entry of a FAT partition table. According to an internal Microsoft paper of 2004 the purpose of these bits are:

  ClnShutBitMask:
  If bit is 1, the volume is “clean”. The volume can be mounted for
  access. If bit is 0, the volume is “dirty” indicating that a FAT file
  system driver was unable to dismount the volume properly (during a
  prior mount operation). The volume contents should be scanned for
  any damage to file system metadata.
  HrdErrBitMask:
  If this bit is 1, no disk read/write errors were encountered.
  If this bit is 0, the file system driver implementation encountered a
  disk I/O error on the volume the last time it was mounted, which is an
  indicator that some sectors may have gone bad. The volume
  contents should be scanned with a disk repair utility that does
  surface analysis on it looking for new bad sectors.

There was some discussion with the kernel file system developers some years ago on how to overcome this but I was unable to follow up the results. Apparently it did not make it into recent kernels.

As only a bit flag is involved but generally our data should be in perfect shape we can ignore the warning Windows issues on those drives we had previously used in Ubuntu.


where to find document about dpkg/deb authentication

The following may contain what you are looking for  (the debian source is provided too)

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SecureApt

Much packaging doco can be found at http://packaging.ubuntu.com/html/


No such file or directory encountered trying to install Anaconda

I got the same error, what worked for me is:
Download the Anaconda installer for linux , then change the directory to where you downloaded this installer, for me it was ~/Downloads/ ,

cd ~/Downloads/

or

cd /path/to/where_anaconda_installer is downloaded

then run the command

bash Anaconda3-4.3.0-Linux-x86_64.sh

where Anaconda3-4.3.0-Linux-x86_64.sh is the anaconda file you just downloaded

follow the screen prompts. Once installation is complete you can set the path using

export PATH=~/anaconda3/bin:$PATH

test your installation using

conda --version

conda --list

Hope this helps!


Ubuntu Server 18.04 Destination Host Unreachable

I personally don't think this error lies within the Ubuntu System.
Can you check on your Cisco router if the ICMP packages arrive there and are routed correctly?

You should check if your router blocks icmp or more for your specific IP address.

You should also check if you have given the 192.168.95.227 address to two different devices.

You can check that with a ping to the .227 and shutting down the Server.
When the ping still answers, you have two clients with the same IP.


How to give a path argument to os.walk() Python function for my Home directory?

You have 2 choices, pick your favorite.

>>> import os
>>> os.path.expanduser("~")
'/home/timo'
>>> os.environ["HOME"]
'/home/timo'


After upgrade Ubuntu starts into black screen

In my system the same thing happened in VirtualBox. Seems that the login window is no longer started automatically. I logged on via the command line.

Do not know a permanent fix but in my case sudo lightdm popped up my login window and I could work again.


Wifi not working with broadcom bcm43142 on hp envy, ubuntu 16.4

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-
    kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu4_amd64.deb

sudo dpkg -i bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu4_amd64.deb

This actually works for Broadcom Corporation BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365]

  Caution: This firmware does not allow hotspot creation


You need to actually burn that ISO to DVD, since it will not fit on a CD, or createa bootable USB.  For the DVD, you can use ImgBurn, to get that accomplished, or just take a look at Install Ubuntu 13.04


can't run or install Ubuntu 10.10 Netbook Edition

Ubuntu no longer makes the netbook edition because its Unity interface has been included with mainstream Ubuntu, meaning the default Ubuntu is for netbooks, too. It's always recommended to install the latest version of Ubuntu, especially if you're running relatively new hardware. You'll likely have better luck with Ubuntu 11.10 than with 10.10.

Looks like a lot of users reported that their keyboard doesn't work in older versions of Ubuntu (seems to work if you include the noacpi = off boot parameter), though you haven't mentioned a keyboard issue. I recommend running Ubuntu 11.10, at least try a live session to see if it works. After installing Ubuntu if Brasero is still installed you can remove it to make it more like the Netbook edition was (unless you're considering burning discs using an external disc drive).


KDE taskbar dual-monitor to show applications on same monitor of each taskbar

I found a way: Right click on each taskbar (panel) of each screen -> Settings for Windows Behaviour -> General -> Show only windows of current screen (or something similar because I translate from my system language to English)


Cuda examples not working after cuda 8.0 install

The change from nvidia-367 to nvidia-375 (the enabled Nvidia driver) should have been made in the .../NVIDIA_CUDA-8.0_Samples/3_Imaging/cudaDecodeGL/findgllib.mk file,  on line

UBUNTU_PKG_NAME = "nvidia-375"

With that change, the makefile should find the libnvcuvid library, which is the interesting part of the error.  My setup is just like yours and that's the only change I needed.

Try the "make" command in the cudaDecodeGL directory to see what exactly fails.


I want to get rid of a partition in a 1TB drive in ubuntu 16.04.1

When you have the drive selected in GParted, in the toolbar at the top, there's a Device dropdown. Select Create partition table. From there, select the msdos option in the dropdown. Then you'll have the full drive unformatted in its full size. From there, in the main part of the window, right click on the unformatted disk and select New.

From there, name your disk, and select a format for the drive. I suggest leaving it as Ext4, but using NTFS is also just fine, especially if you want more seamless Windows compatibility.


Panic occurred switching to text console in netbook

Which log-file is supposed to host the messages that appear on Bakhtiyor's screen? I haven't been able to trace it yet.

Trying to look for a file that contains the last output before the freeze ('reserve_backup...')

cd /var/log
sudo find . -exec grep -li 'reserve_backup' {} \;

the only result was /var/log/kern.log.1, but it's entries didn't point to one of the recent freezes. There were 2 occurrences of the search-string 'reserve_backup', but both were timestamped hours before the last freeze.

UPDATE: Today I found this filed bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/875571 which seems to be the same as you described. According to the messages there the only thing that might possibly help, is to use the upstream kernel 3.1. Unless you know how to compile a kernel, I suggest to wait until there is a better solution.


Reinstalling Ubuntu using WD Passport -- will I lose anything on the Passport

To answer your actuall question: Yes you will lose all your data, the installing media needs to be formated!

Normally a USB flash drive is used for installing OS.

In your case if data on that WD Passport is not important to you, you can use it as an "installing media".

Wiping data from it will NOT damage the drive. After you finish the installation you can reformat your WD Passport and use it as before.


Will upgrading my Windows 7 partition to Windows 10 affect GRUB?

Short answer: Yes.

Short solution: After you upgrade, boot into Ubuntu (this will still work) and run this in Terminal:

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

That's assuming your GRUB installation is on you Ubuntu drive.  If that doesn't work, then it's on your Windows drive, and you'll instead need to run this:

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

(replace '/dev/sda' with whatever drive Windows is on; you can see this in the output of the first command)


Can't see files (created by windows) on NTFS Partition

The file system was still mounted in OS1 (Linux) while you modified it through OS2 (Windows). Since OS1 was hibernated at that time, it doesn't know about these changes. It will only know about them after umounting and re-mounting the file system.

In the future you should avoid such situations by unmounting the “shared” volume before suspension, because OS1 may unknowingly overwrite intermittent changes performed by OS2 and thus corrupt data or even the file system irreversibly.

You must only ever modify a mounted file system through the directory tree below its mountpoint(s)¹.

(¹ Some tools work on mounted file systems directly and will state so explicitly in their documentation.)


Upgrade from Ubuntu 12.10 to 13.10 - effect on boot

Sometimes , upgrading the Ubuntu affects the MBR.  It is not a problem since you can easily repair the GRUB through the command-line.  Refer this link : Boot-Repair


Is it possible to import DV video using Firewire?

I use the command line program dvgrab to pull from my minidv camcorder over firewire.

The command I use is:

sudo dvgrab -a -format raw -rewind -t prefix-

The permissions are messed up, which is why you need sudo. Afterwards, just do:

sudo chown username:username prefix-*.dv

The rewind command rewinds the tape, so leave it off if you don't want to rewind.

The prefix- gets appended to the file name to help you identify it. The files are automatically split when dvgrab finds a time gap or every 2GB.

Manpage for the dvgrab command  has a few more useful options.


There is a file /etc/grub.d/10_linux that is needed to generate GRUB configuration. At the top of file are configuration variables. Only thing to do is change vt_handoff value to 0. Here is like it looks like after changes:

prefix="/usr"
exec_prefix="/usr"
datarootdir="/usr/share"
ubuntu_recovery="1"
quiet_boot="1"
quick_boot="1"
gfxpayload_dynamic="1"
vt_handoff="0"

In file /etc/default/grub remove quiet from GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line.

At the end generate grub configuration.

update-grub


How can I install a two disk game with Wine?

With Wine, you must enter BOTH discs before launching the installation, because Wine only reads what was already mounted when it started. It's the same reasoning when you change a program's configuration file (like .js, .ini, or whatever that's is not in the GUI options), it has to be restarted to apply the changes.

Solution 1) Insert both discs then launch the installation.

Solution 2) If you have only one disc-tray (or cd-drive), or if you don't want to restart the installation :

Create a new directory somewhere (I'll name it DISC2 but you do what you want):

mkdir ~/DISC2
Copy the CD's content into the new directory with drag-and-drop or commandline (replace /path/to/cd by the path to your mounted CD):

cp -r /path/to/cd ~/DISC2
Under Wine, point the DISC-2 path to ~/DISC2


It seems the option to uninstall extensions from GNOME Tweaks is removed.

You may simply remove the folder associated to a particular extension from ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions in order to uninstall the extension.


Printer Color Management How do I calibrate my printer?

I am using canon mg6170. I have the same problems as you do. To be precise, I got a driver from Canon which print almost correct color. It cannot be used smoothly because bugs turn up when using rear tray and also it offer very few adjustment options. If i use guten-print driver, no bugs except printing dark color image similar to your situation. The problem is partially solved now -the hue of Blue and and Red colors are still not quite okay. The method i used is as follows.

Go to setup, printer
Left click on the printer icon and choose properties from the pop-up
Choose Printer Options form the Properties Menu
Scroll up and down to find and adjust the followings
  Color Correction = Bright Color
  Brightness=1.7
  Saturation =2.4

The situation is much improved after doing this. But I think different printer model might have different presentation for the Option Menu, you may have to make your trial.

Also, please noted that some names are translated from chinese since it is my locale, you have to make a good guess if you cannot find the exact name.


Must close and open laptop lid to recover from screen turn-off on an Acer Aspire 5740

I suggest you try a screensaver that works, like xscreensver. I had that problem on a laptop, and after installing Xscreensaver and configuring a screen saver, everything went fine. You can find instruction on how to uninstall gnome screensver and install xscreensaver here

Enable Screensaver In Ubuntu 11.10

Also, don't forget what they say: Activate it in startup program. That way, you will ensure it is always on, and the screensaver is always running. Plus, a screensaver is more pretty than a black screen ^__^

I hope this will help you like it did for me

Jester


sudo dpkg-reconfigure virtualbox-dkms

if you need to get back to that dialog again.

Ubuntu 18.04 + virtualbox-dkms will only bring up that dialog box if you do not have a Machine Owner Key (MOK) already enrolled.  If a MOK is already enrolled, dkms will just uninstall and reinstall the virtualbox dkms drivers.

The Secure Boot enabled method is the "safe" method.  Tell it to enroll a new MOK.  It will generate it and "prepare" it for enrolling after you specify a "transport" password and reboot.

When you reboot, MOK Manager instead of GRUB will display in blue.  Choose, [Enroll MOK].  Enter the "transport" password previously entered before the reboot.  You will never be asked for this "transport" password again so you can forget about it now.  Verify the MOK certificate information (creation date) shows the time you generated it.  Continue enrolling the MOK.

You can reboot back into Ubuntu and run

sudo dpkg-reconfigure virtualbox-dkms

again.  It should just uninstall and reinstall.

Future dkms kernel drivers should automatically be signed with the MOK key without further special action on your part.


You have the security updates enabled, but not the regular updates.

Make sure to activate precise-updates in your software sources as explained at in this wiki page.

Then, follow again the instructions at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/1204_HWE_EOL_OEM


"you do not have the hardware required to run Unity" on VMware

Dont think the vmware guest tools support Unity 3d yet - I havent had any luck with VMWare Player 3.x.  See this also - How do I know if my video card can run Unity?

You could try installing unity-2d, or try using Virtualbox which does work with Unity 3d (most of the time).

See this link for install instructions - http://www.webupd8.org/2010/12/how-to-test-ubuntu-1104-with-unity-in.html


Ubuntu 12.10 - TTYs not working on MacBook Pro 9,1

I'm having the exact same problem on a brand new Lenovo IdeaPad Y500.

The best lead I have so far is that the parameter "UseVbios" in nvidia's driver settings needs to be set to 0.

There are several theoretical ways to accomplish this, none of which work for me.
So far, I have:

added a "nvidia.NVreg_UseVBios=0" in /etc/default/grub in the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT parameter (and ran sudo update-grub afteward )
added a nvidia.conf file under /etc/modprobe.d/ containing the single line options nvidia NVreg_UseVBios=0
added an Option "RegistryDwords" "UseVBios=0" line to /etc/X11/xorg.conf under the nvidia Device section.

Neither of those appear to work for me. Most of the posts about it refer to UseVbios being one of the lines in the output of cat /proc/driver/nvidia/registry , but with my nvidia driver ( nvidia-current, 304.43), it's actually showing in /proc/driver/nvidia/params.

So I'm still hunting around for the proper voodoo to change that.

In the meanwhile, while I'm not quite ready to have my dog chew on my laptop, I can certainly relate to the sentiments expressed here.

*edit1: The first two methods can be made to work by using "nvidia_current" as the module name rather than nvidia. Interestingly, having UseVbios set to 0 isn't sufficient to fix this. Onward.


Open folders with Google Chrome instead of the default file manager

You have to edit the mime-types. Open /usr/share/applications/defaults.list search for directory.

Change the value  nautilus.desktop to google-chrome.desktop

But Chrome wont provide you the rich features provided by Nautilus.


How can I avoid saving my irssi (irc) password in plain text (yet still log in automatically)?

If you are using Rizon, the  exact guide is here at wiki.rizon.net.

General setup would be that you use openssl to create a certificate and a key, concatenate them into one .pem file, create md5 hask and provide the networks ident bot with the hash.


I fixed it in the meanwhile. There is a file in /etc/default/ named transmission-daemon as well (see below). This file has an instantiation for the OPTIONS parameter. I just added --logfile /path/to/logfile and it worked fine!

# defaults for transmission-daemon
# sourced by /etc/init.d/transmission-daemon

# Change to 0 to disable daemon
ENABLE_DAEMON=1

# This directory stores some runtime information, like torrent files
# and links to the config file, which itself can be found in
# /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json
CONFIG_DIR="/var/lib/transmission-daemon/info"

# Default options for daemon, see transmission-daemon(1) for more options
OPTIONS="--config-dir $CONFIG_DIR --logfile /path/transmission.log"

# (optional) extra options to start-stop-daemon
#START_STOP_OPTIONS="--iosched idle --nicelevel 10"


I don't know how to completely solve this problem, but this is the workaround that I use at the moment:

The pdf2svg package transforms a a pdf to svg by vectorizing the text using the embedded fonts, so it doesn't matter if inkscape has or hasn't access to these fonts.
The downside is that after the vectorization one cannot modify the text any more. For this I use TeXText


UPS recommendations for a desktop computer

I use a very cheap (~30€) revolt UPS for my workstation at work; I use nut to shut down the machine in case of an outage.

It is nothing fancy, but it's proven to work.

Here is my ups.conf containing all the details:

[revolt]
    driver = genericups
    upstype = 4
    port = /dev/ttyS0
    pollinterval=3
    desc = Revolt USV 500VA
    mfr=ReVolt
    model=PE7132
    serial = 07380274232

(Edit: That said, if your parents are able and willing to buy APC, than by all means get one of those :-) )


Can't install php5-curl, getting "404 Not found" errors

first run sudo apt-get update on a terminal, and after install again. If problem persist, change the source to principal server on software origin, and then update and install again.


How do I install the latest version of Java on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS?

The latest Java version is 8 and available from a Launchpad PPA.

To install Java 8 (OpenJDK 8) open a terminal and execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk


WARNING: PAE disabled. Use parmeter 'forcepae' to enable at your own risk!

Download Ubuntu Desktop
Burn it to a DVD
Boot the DVD
When you see the following screen:

press any key and you will see this screen:

Press F6 then Esc

Note: The boot command line is now available for editing and will remain so as long as no pop-up menu is visible.
Leave a space following the "--" and add forcepae.
The command will be executed when Enter is pressed and the "Try Ubuntu" boot sequence will begin.

All the above is completely harmless and will not damage your PC!

If it works:

Choose "Install Ubuntu"

if it doesn't:

Your PC is too old now to support Ubuntu.  Get a new one...  :-(