The \ in -exec md6sum {} \; is necessary to prevent the shell from interpreting the ; character as command separator. If Java does not execute the command in a shell, try removing the escaping \\ so that the code becomes:

Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process pr = rt.exec("find testDir -type f -exec md5sum {} ;");

I have just confirmed this behavior with the next test program:

import java.io.*;
class Xx {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
        Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/bin/echo \\;");
        InputStream in = p.getInputStream();
        int c;
        while ((c=in.read()) != -1)
            System.out.write((char)c);
        p.waitFor();
    }
}

Compiled with javac Xx.java, java Xx outputs \;. If I remove the \\, it'll print ; as expected.


Why doesn't thunderbird appear in the application switcher?

I've only just installed ubuntu 12.04 and noticed the same strange behavior: Thunderbird doesn't show up in [Alt+Tab] and neither in the launcher.
I get Thunderbird back by clicking on the "envelope notifications thingy" and then on "Mail" - and Thunderbird is back on the screen (I don't use Compiz). Thunderbird is set as the default email client.
On the other hand there is no problem at all on my other laptop with an equally brand new Ubuntu 12.04 on it. I'm clueless as to why it should work on one laptop but not on the other.


powerline for tmux require reinstall each time

Wait, are you using powerline from tpm?

Looking at the path you are sourcing it's powerline.conf think you are using the official powerline but your information about tpm makes me doubt it because i don't think the current powerline has anything to do with tpm.

With that being said, in your ~/.tmux.conf do you have this run-shell "powerline-daemon -q" before the this line --> source /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/powerline/bindings/tmux/powerline.conf?

Make sure to read the docs more though, I had lots of troubles getting tmux to work with powerline but powerline documentation is super! Just get in touch with it.


Ubuntu 16.04 - latest Kernel (4.15.0-132 generic) upgrade cause Internet Network to fail

As far as I know kernel 4.15.0-132 is not working properly as many people are reporting weird issues. On my machine, after that upgrade the USB keyboard and mouse stop working. I tried with a PS2 keyboard and mouse and it works fine. I haven't found a solution for that yet so my suggestion is to roll back to 4.15.0-128 and wait for a next release. That worked fine for me.


A useful tool (answering your first question) is localhost-indicator. With this application you have this functions from a window with buttons:

open http://localhost/ and phpMyAdmin in your Web browser,
open your Public http documents directory,
start/stop the Apache and MySQL services,
edit the apache and php configuration.

Also, the must used commands in LAMP are the followings: (always useful)

MySQL

Login:  mysql -u <user> -p <db_to_use>
Start service: sudo start mysql
Restart service: sudo restart mysql
Stop service: sudo stop mysql

Apache

Start service: sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl start
Restart service: sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl restart
Stop service: sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl stop
To test configuration changes: sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl configtest


How to switch from 32 bit to 64bit without reinstalling?

As far as I know there is no way by which you can convert a 32-Bit Ubuntu into 64-Bit without reinstalling the whole new 64-Bit operating system.
And there is no harm in using 32-bit Ubuntu unless you have more than 4Gb of RAM and you want to use maximum of it.
And if you really want to use 64-Bit then backup all your data and format your current 32-Bit version and install 64-Bit version.


Error during "Make Install" while installing Player

I got the same problem while installing a recent version of gnuplot (I also got an "error 2"). In fact I found your question looking up for an answer, and I solved it just by using
sudo make install
instead of only
make install
because I saw someone in another question writing it in that way...

I hope this works for you...


Can I get the Ubuntu Software center in KDE?

sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install software-center

Be prepared for gtk packages.


what's the most flexible way to install glassfish?

It seems the only way to do it is via the zip file. That's what the official documentation says.


Is there any way to tell if someone has been running Ubuntu live on my computer?

No, but you can disable the ability to boot to usb in the BIOS; and the put a BIOS password on to ensure it can't be changed.  You can also disable the usb ports completely depending on your hardware.


Roll-your-own mysql-server (.deb) files and MySQL root password

As explained well on http://www.rndguy.ca/2010/02/24/fully-automated-ubuntu-server-setups-using-preseed/ you don't need to create your own packages of mysql, as it uses debconf to ask the root password question. The answers to these questions can be preseeded as part of a scripted installation process.


Ubuntu upgrade from 16.04lts to 18.04 no reboot

At the initramfs prompt, type:

fsck -f /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root


In printer add, when I was presented with the option for generic (recommended),
I instead went to: Kodak, and looked in there. I saw a generic option for Kodak+GutenPrint, and a listing for the "easyshare printer dock".
I selected these things, and it prints fine photos now.


This might be because of some changes in GTK 3.14 regarding icon themes (sizes, scaling, etc.) and because that particular application does not have a compatible icon size.

You can try another (more complete and up-to-date) icon theme like Numix (https://github.com/numixproject) or Nitrux (http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php?content=154496) to see if it helps.

Otherwise, you might try and open the *.desktop file for that application (in /usr/share/applications/ or /usr/local/share/applications/ or ~/.local/share/applications/) and change the icon specified there to a more compatible alternative.


What is the right way to develop themes for Ubuntu?

To just automate this process you could use a symlink....
remove the foo directory and create the symlink to it.

ln -s -T /home/youruser/Documents/foo /usr/share/themes/foo

In this way the only thing you have to do is step 4 , because you work always on the newest build. With this the permissions should be right and also you can git push it to your account. If something should be unclear just write a comment and i will explain it more. I dont have a official source, thats just the way i would do it... and maybe the reason why you cant find anything online about this. When this is setup you can create a watch process on file changes that executes point 4 Inotify.

EDIT Working Theme Auto-Reload: This will reload all your theme settings

First of all you need some packages to check for disk changes and the unity-tweak-tool

sudo apt-get install inotify-tools unity-tweak-tool

Remove your existing theme folder, remember for all my tests i took a WinXP theme as test.

sudo mv /usr/share/themes/WinXP/ /usr/share/themes/WinXP-backup/

Link your github theme folder

sudo ln -s -T /home/snapo/Downloads/WinXP/ /usr/share/themes/WinXP/

Just for security reasons create a copy of your software-center

sudo cp -a /usr/share/software-center /usr/share/software-center-backup

Create a file with this content in your home folder like i had it in /home/snapo/autothemechange.sh

#! /bin/bash
##############################################################################################
DIRECTORY_TO_OBSERVE="/usr/share/themes/WinXP/"     ###### might want to change this #########
MYTHEMENAME="WinXP"                                 ###### your theme directory name #########
LOGFILE="/home/snapo/log-theme-change.log"          ###### Logfile to see when change happen #
##############################################################################################

function detect_theme_change {
  inotifywait -r \
    -e modify,move,create,delete \
    $DIRECTORY_TO_OBSERVE
}
while detect_theme_change; do
  now="$(date)"
  echo "Theme has been changed $now" >> $LOGFILE ;
  /usr/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache
  /usr/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache-3.0
  /usr/bin/xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update

  # reset GTK COLOR SCHEME (Unity, GNOME3, Cinnamon, MATE, GNOME2)
  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-color-scheme ""
  # mateconftool-2 --type=string --set /desktop/mate/interface/gtk_color_scheme ""
  gconftool-2 --type=string --set /desktop/gnome/interface/gtk_color_scheme ""
  gdbus call --session --dest org.gnome.Shell --object-path /org/gnome/Shell --method org.gnome.Shell.Eval 'Main.loadTheme();' ;

    # change gtk theme (Unity, GNOME3, Cinnamon, MATE, GNOME2)
  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme "$MYTHEMENAME"
  # mateconftool-2 --type=string --set /desktop/mate/interface/gtk_theme "$MYTHEMENAME"
  gconftool-2 --type=string --set /desktop/gnome/interface/gtk_theme "$MYTHEMENAME"

  # reset / change window theme (Unity, GNOME3, Cinnamon, MATE, GNOME2)
  gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences theme "$MYTHEMENAME"
  gconftool --type=string --set /desktop/cinnamon/windows/theme "$MYTHEMENAME"
  gconftool-2 --type=string --set /apps/metacity/general/theme "$MYTHEMENAME"
  # mateconftool-2 --type=string --set /apps/marco/general/theme "$MYTHEMENAME"

  # change shell theme
  gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.user-theme name "$MYTHEMENAME"
  gsettings set org.cinnamon.theme name "$MYTHEMENAME"

done

When you have done this, set it to chmod 755

chmod 755 /home/snapo/autothemechange.sh

Remember, the script will put out many errors, because i will reload the most theme engines... that means if you use gtk3 all others give out a error, if you use unity the same to the others... please ignore them.

There are 3 Variables you need to edit before you run it the first time, description for each variable is at the right side of the variable.

IF you want that the script automatically starts when you login (which i dont recommend for inotify) then you can do the following:

System > Preferences > Startup Applications:

bash /home/snapo/autothemeupdate.sh

i recommend creating a link on the desktop, so while you start developing, you doubleclick the link.


You can open terminal using Ctrl + Alt + T

I don't understnd your question. You mean your Unity and upper bar disappeared?
I had problem like this after updating my nVidia graphic card drivers. But also got problem with resolution (dropped to 1152 x 864 from 1920 x 1080).


Some fonts seem to be missing using xboard

Need some fonts.

sudo apt-get install xfonts-75dpi

Then restart xorg. Save your file and work before, my openbox get an error during restart lxdm.
Howto, see How to restart X Window Server from command line?

Or, just restart your computer.


There is the option to find the fastest Server in Synaptic. You can also do that by hand in a script. That script would for instances ping all mirrors in the list, selecting the fastest and then edit the sources.list accordingly.

There was a question about this recently. Will look for it. Please stand by.

Edit:

Lenkenstyen's comment answers the gui-part and for newer versions the console part.

As for the console part on older versions of ubuntu you could consulte the link postet earlier in this sentence.


Remove an initial part of a string in tcsh

In tcsh, you can use "history style" : modifiers in parameter expansions:

xenial-vm:~> set test = ping_abc
xenial-vm:~> echo $test
ping_abc
xenial-vm:~> echo ${test:s/ping_//}
abc
xenial-vm:~>

See for example History Substitution


Inserting latex text in an image using gimp

Gimp can import PDF or EPS, two formats you can easily get from a Latex file. You have to set the correct PPI on import to achieve the size in pixels you need in Gimp.


Run TTY script every time I open a GUI terminal

It is a bit slow but it will generate the package/update information. Append this to the users .bashrc file:

/usr/lib/update-notifier/apt-check --human-readable


no sound in headphone , ubuntu 14.04 LTS

chose your speakers as the default output or if you use qpaeq use the one it adds as the source output or uninstall pulse and reinstall it this worked for me when my sound sources wouldn't show


Nautilus renames home folder Home, how to stop this?

Press Alt+F2 and type:

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences always-use-location-entry true

To revert it type:

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences always-use-location-entry false


This is resolved. The original script was sourcing a shell script that has a gsettings statement in it, which was not intended to run in a server context. Simply removing that statement has resolved the problem.


If you installed smtube, open your file manager and navigate to Computer → File System → usr → share → applications and scroll down till you see the smtube icon.

Then grab it with your mouse and drag it over to your panel.


How to install Java (not OpenJava) on Ubuntu 19.10

You can follow these steps to install it:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linuxuprising/java

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install openjdk-11-jdk

And then you can choose which java version to use as default

sudo update-alternatives --config java


The compilation of Gnash on modern systems like 20.04 LTS is not possible because of changed APIs.
But you can use schroot container with Ubuntu 18.04 LTS with Gnash installed inside it as written below:
sudo apt-get install schroot debootstrap -y

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/schroot/chroot.d/bionic.conf
[bionic]
description=Ubuntu 18.04 bionic
directory=/srv/chroot/bionic
root-users=$USER
type=directory
users=$USER
EOF

sudo mkdir -p /srv/chroot/bionic
sudo debootstrap bionic /srv/chroot/bionic

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /srv/chroot/bionic/etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

schroot -c bionic -u root apt-get update
schroot -c bionic -u root apt-get install gnash

To run it use command below:
schroot -c bionic -u $USER env DISPLAY=:0.0 gnash path/to/file.swf


ubuntu install latest redis through ppa source

I am running Redis Labs Enterprise Cluster on my ubuntu Desktop. You can get it from:
RLEC

Please make sure that you are running Ububtu Desktop 14.0.4 only as the installer checks the version and simply returns back if the version is not compatible. It doesn't work with 15.10.
Once you get the tar.gz file - gunzip and untar it and then run the install.sh. Installation is very smooth and at the install it will tell you the URL where you can access the cluster


Keep encrypted drive open after key is removed from system

1. In the post-MBR gap

If your file1 is small enough you can squeeze it in the post-MBR gap after the MBR and before the start of the first partition, if using MBR of course.

It's a more technical challenge as you have to fiddle with dd command with correct skip and bs parameter.
You will also need to use the option keyfile-offset to specify the start of your file, like the other options below to cryptsetup.

So in details:

First check there is enough room to squeeze the file:

sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdx

Let call s, the start of the partition; then s*512-512 should be more than the size of your key file, in bytes (assuming 512 bytes sector size)

At the very least, you can move the start of the partition with gparted for example.

Then copy your key file

sudo dd if=/path/to/my/key/file1 of=/dev/sdx bs=1 seek=1024

I have used 1024 here but the MBR is only 512 bytes so if you are sure you can use 512

in /etc/crypttab

cryptdrive UUID=<some UUID> /dev/disk/by-id/usb-_USB_DISK_2.0_11111111-0:0 luks,keyfile-offset=1024,keyfile-size=10222

Again, you need to adjust all the parameter:

the keyfile-offset is what you used before, be it 1024 or 512 or whatever.
the keyfile-size is the size of your key file in bytes
and the id of your usb key that you can find in /dev/disk/by-id, once plugged in.

Try this on a usb key with no important data, just in case something goes wrong or make backup.

2. Raw partition

The other solution is to store the file inside a raw partition not formatted with a filesystem.

Say, you add a second partition to your usb key: /dev/sdx2

Then copy your file into that partition:

sudo dd if=/path/to/my/key/file1 of=/dev/sdx2

You don't have to put anything in /etc/fstab to mount any filesystem because there isn't any.
It would be best to ensure no other partition is auto-mounted on that key too. You can use a noauto option in /etc/fstab

Just pass the partition directly to cryptsetup in /etc/crypttab with

cryptdrive UUID=<some UUID> /dev/disk/by-partuuid/<some-uuid> luks,keyfile-size=10222

if using GPT, else use id

cryptdrive UUID=<some UUID> /dev/disk/by-id/usb-_USB_DISK_2.0_11111111-0:0-part2 luks,keyfile-size=10222

You need to go and dig in /dev/disk/by-id to find the correct name for your partition. Don't use the /dev/sdx2 name as it can change at any time to something else.

You have to specify the size of your file with the keyfile-size option (in bytes I guess)


How to highlight just the name (not the extension) for renaming?

Use something else than Nautilus' List View mode. It works fine in the Compact View and Icon View modes. Apparently it's a regression: https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=627110

Update:This is now fixed in the development version of Ubuntu 11.10 (Nautilus 3.0.1.1).


@pLumo Thank that is much easier with ppa-purge to change the PPA.
btw. The graphic driver issue was resolved by the lated update of AMDGPU (2012-12-17) from AMD website.


How to increase size of partition to take up unallocated space

Unallocated space needs to be contiguous to the partition to be resized. You will need to move swap to end of partition table first. Hope this helps.


This answer will demonstrate how to fully customize a locale, optionally using an existing locale as a base. The type of locale that will be used in this answer is the i18n type; such type of locale will be implied in every mention of the word "locale" in the body of the answer.
Find a guide
The first thing you need to customize a locale, is get to know the format of the locale. This web locale editor has a comprehensive description of every field in a locale, despite not being usable by just anyone in a right-away manner. This will be the guide to use.
Needed tools
The only tools you need to work with locales are

A text editor. Any will do, though VIM will excell.
A text-to-unicode converter. It would be most expected that you didn't have one, so I will provide you with a simple one. Read the next subsection to obtain it.

I recommend you to create a directory and save everything related with the work you will do on the locale to it.
Text-to-unicode converter (encodestr)
NOTE: if you are using non-common characters you may have problems with the script I write below; you might want to take a look at the alternative scripts linked by nass.
Save the following code to a file. This file will be identified by your system as a python script, which is alright because it is one. This guide assumes you called the script encodestr.
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import sys

def main():
    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
        exit(f'Usage: {sys.argv[0]} <string to encode>')
    print(encode(sys.argv[1]))

def encode(s):
    return ''.join(f"<U{ord(c):04X}>" for c in s)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sys.exit(main())

After you have saved it, give the file execution permission - this will come in handy. You can do that using nautilus, or by running from a terminal the following command, on the directory in which you saved the script: chmod +x encodestr.
You can now test this script by running on the same directory: ./encodestr hello. You should get an output equal to <U0068><U0065><U006C><U006C><U006F>.
Modify an existing locale
Modifying an existing locale is the easiest case, as ideally you will pick a locale that fits your needs almost totally, in which case you need to make only small modifications. To tailor it, you can use the guide to know which of the sections are the ones you want to change, and how you can change them. All the installed locales reside in /usr/share/i18n/locales, however the guide contains pretty much every locale ever created.
However, the first thing you will notice when you open a locale is that you will read english words as much as weird <UXXXX> codes. You will need to be able to create these codes - this is where the encodestr script comes.
When you know which sections you have to change, you need to know each field contained in the section.

For example, the LC_TIME section contains the field t_fmt, and many others. Each field has its own description on the guide.

Now that you know which fields to modify, use the guide again to find out what values does the field accept.

For example, the field t_fmt accepts text and the common strfmt variables.

Just when you know what to write on the fields you want to modify, run the text through the encodestr script to get its encoded equivalent.
NOTE: Not every field needs to be encoded, use an existing locale as a reference if needed.

For example, if you want to have the time format Time: %T in the t_fmt field, run ./encodestr "Time: %T"; this will return <U0054><U0069><U006D><U0065><U003A><U0020><U0025><U0054> and so you will have the line t_fmt <U0054><U0069><U006D><U0065><U003A><U0020><U0025><U0054> in your locale (in it's respective section, of course).

After you have modified every field you wanted to, you will need to proceed to install the locale to the system, so it can be used. Proceed to the installation section for this.
Creating a locale from scratch
As opposed to modifying one, the other method you can use to create your custom locale is working on it from scratch. This is not very difficult if - again - you use the guide. Here's a useful tip though: you can copy sections from other locales without actual copy and paste methods. You just have to follow this format:
LC_SECTION
copy "locale"
END LC_SECTION

Where LC_SECTION is the section you want to modify, and locale is the locale you want to copy that section from.

For example, if you want to copy the time format in the English locale, you would have this text your custom locale file:

LC_TIME
copy "en_GB"
END LC_TIME

And that saves you a lot of work and assures that any change made to the referenced locale will be mirrored to yours.

Installing your custom locale
The steps I am going to show below may not be optimal, but work.

Compile your locale. Don't panic! This takes no time. Just run the command sudo localedef -i custom -f UTF-8 custom.UTF-8 -c -v where custom is the name of your locale.

Copy your locale to the /usr/share/i18n/locales/ directory. You will definitely need sudo priviledges to do this, and you can do it with the command sudo cp locale /usr/share/i18n/locales/ where locale is the filename of your custom locale.

Specify your locale in /var/lib/locales/supported.d/. For example, create a file name /var/lib/locales/supported.d/asd and add the line custom UTF-8, where custom is the name of your locale.

Run the magic command. I actually don't know what exactly this command does, but it is crucial. Run sudo locale-gen. It is most probable it generates references to the available locales where needed.

Tell your system to use the locale. If you want the locale to be used on a system-wide manner, modify the /etc/environment file. If not, you can modify your ~/.profile file, or any other one that is sourced at startup. If you don't know what the latter means don't worry, just use the ~/.profile file. To know what you have to write in it, first run the locale command. It should issue a list with items like LANGUAGE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_CTYPE and many others. You will write, for each of the sections you want (listed by the previous command), on separate lines, this SECTION="locale" where SECTION is the section and locale the name of your custom locale.

For example, if you want to use the time format from the Netherlands, but the english language, write:

LANGUAGE="en_GB:en"
LC_TIME="nl_NL"

NOTE: If you want to use one locale for every locale setting, write LC_ALL="locale" where locale is the name of your custom locale. If you want to use a locale for everything but for the language, you can write LANG="locale" and (on another line, of course) LANGUAGE="locale":XX where XX is the 2 letter code for the language you want.

For example, if you want to use the Dutch locale and the English language, you could use:

LANG="nl_NL"
LANGUAGE="nl_NL:en"

You have finished
The next time you log in, your locale should be in use. You can test this by running the locale command again.
Please comment about inconsistencies or false statements in this guide!


how do you install ricochet in ubuntu 14.04

1.Download the file from official site.

If you have any confusion download from github.com/ricochet

2.Change to downloaded folder and Extract the files of tar.bz2:

 cd ~/Downloads
 tar xvjf ricochet-1.1.1-static-x86_64.tar.bz2

3.To read user manual:

 xdg-open README

From README file,it is clear that no need to configure,so directly run:

./ricochet


Grub Rescue Mode - /boot/grub directory does not exist

Boot into the grub menu, press 'c', and try running

grub> ls (hd0,msdos1)/boot/
grub> ls (hd1,msdos1)/boot/

for each of the disk partitions shown as (xxx,xxx) until you locate the partitian that contains your /boot directory. Once you find the correct partition, then do the set root=(xxx,xxx), because it sounds like that is not the right partition, unless something more serious is wrong.

Once you identify the correct partition, if you want to boot from grub, you can do the following.

Choose the kernel and init ram disk you want to boot with from the info you see after executing

grub> ls (xxx,xxx)/boot/

and then enter the following:

grub> linux (xxx,xxx)/boot/vmlinuz-xxxx-generic root=/dev/sda2 ro
grub> initrd (xxx,xxx)/boot/initrd.img-xxxx-generic
grub> boot

note:

If you do not know what the root=/dev/xxx name is, it is most likely the same number in msdos(n) ---> /dev/sda(n), but you can find out for sure by executing.

grub> cat (xxx,xxx)/etc/fstab

The path of the correct device will be in a comment above  above the partition UUID=xxxxx

One more thing, make sure you do not include any spaces in the (xxx,xxx) partition identifiers, or you will get an error.


Solution 1: Metadata only [Edit]
So according to somebody's recent edit you may only want to backup file system structure and metadata non-periodically. This can be done easily:

find /home/furioususer -ls

will list all files and directories in the directory /home/furioususer along with some metadata. To redirect the output to the file /path/to/backups/file use
find /home/furioususer -ls > /path/to/backups/file

You might want to give the file some meaningful name based on user name and time of backup:
find /home/furioususer -ls > "/path/to/backups/furioususer.metadata.$(date +%F_%T%z)"

$(date +%F_%T%z) tells the shell to execute the subcommand date +%F_%T%z and replace it by the output of that command. (Go ahead an try to run that command directly to see the result and toy with it!) The quotation marks are necessary to prevent most special characters (e. g. spaces and colons) like they appear in that date string from being misinterpreted. Of course you can choose any other (programmatically generated) file path you deem appropriate.
You can tune the data you're actually interested in (e. g. size, owner, group, permissions, mtime, atime) by substituting -ls with -printf <YOUR FORMAT STRING>. For details on that option look up the manual. Example with file path, file size, owner, access permissions and last time of modification:
find /home/furioususer -printf "%p: %s bytes, owned by %u, permissions %m, last change %t\n"

Since this may become quite large yet well compressible, you can pipe that through a compressor like xz:
find /home/furioususer -ls | xz > "/path/to/backups/furioususer.metadata.$(date +%F_%T%z).xz"

You can generalise this command a little by using environment variables (of the form ${}) instead of hard-coding your home path and user name, that the shell will then substitute with their respective values:
find "${HOME}" -ls | xz > "/path/to/backups/${USER}.metadata.$(date +%F_%T%z).xz"

Restoring from this automatically is quite another story, but I don't know how this would be of any use as you'd be pretty much dead in the water without actual file data.
If you don't want to fiddle with the command line every time, you can create a shell script using a graphical text editor and an application starter pointing to it with an application starter editor.
Solution 2: Déjà-Dup
… offers various backup options – offline and online – some of which seem to suit your needs. It's also well integrated with Nautilus, so you can easily review and restore previous versions of files. I never tried it personally but I researched its possibilities intensely a while ago.
Solution 3: Copy-on-write snaphots
The most flexible and resource saving (offline) solution I know for this is to put your home directory on a Btrfs volume¹ and perform periodic snapshots of it. The last time I looked (about 1 year ago) there was no off-the-shelf tool to do this and I invested a couple of afternoons in modifying, tweaking and testing other people's shell scripts to make them work the way I want.
The whole deployment can technically be done without touching the command line yourself if you reuse existing work, but due to the experimental state of things you'll likely reach points where it would be a lot easier to do so. Therefore I expect this to be no suitable solution for you but it may be for other people.
If asked to, I will provide code, instructions and links for working solutions including my own.
¹ ext3/4 can be converted to Btrfs without trouble


Why UbuntuOne for iOS doesn't make  use of all the iPad screen?

When building software you often have to make a call as to whether to release today with some features missing, or to release later with those features. It working well on ipad was deemed a “nice to have” feature, not critical enough to block release, and so was left for a later date.

We are aware of the deficiency however, and will be enhancing the app in this way as soon as we are able to do so without compromising other features or products on our roadmap.

Thank you for caring.


Ubuntu server 18.04 LTS static ip setup issue

You have confused subnet definition with subnet bit mask. You are using a 24 bit LAN (Local Area Network) subnet defined by 192.168.0.0/24. The bit mask for that subnet is 255.255.255.0, which in binary is 24 1's followed by 8 0's for a total of 32 bits. When your 192.168.0.99 IP address is bitwise ANDed with 255.255.255.0 the result is 192.168.0.0, which is true for being an address within the subnet.


Does someone other than Canonical provide paid support for Ubuntu?

Ask your Ubuntu Local Community. Those LoCo teams often hold meetings near you.

That would be the best method to get localized support. Often there is not even a need to pay for support. They just like to help you with questions.

But the people at a loco meeting also will know more about people and/or companies willing to help individuals with problems or with some form of education about Ubuntu/Linux.

Besides that it is mainly getting yourself informed by reading blogs, Q+A sites, problems others had and got fixed on-line.

Ask Ubuntu is one of the sources for individual support. Free of charge but it will not be at your actual home and it will need to be on this site since we all want to know how you messed up and learn from it ;)


Xampp would usually get installed in /opt/lampp directory. Did you check the location?

Looks like it is related to this Why don't gksu/gksudo work with Wayland?

That's why you won't get the GUI.

But you can still use command line to manage it.

cd to /opt/lampp and use commands sudo ./xampp start and sudo ./xampp stop. You get list of possible commands with ./xampp


Ethernet controller not recognised - Ubuntu 16.04 - Lenovo Y700-15ISK

This sounds like a low-level issue.  Try updating the BIOS.   Also try removing all sources of power (power cable, battery) and hitting the power button a few times (in the case of a non-removable battery, drain it as much as possible). This often fixes hardware weirdness.

I was working on one of these laptops once (it had Win10 though) and SuperTuxkart kept crashing until I updated the BIOS, apparently the BIOS version these laptops ship with is buggy.


You can install spark in Ubuntu 12.04 as:

sudo apt-get install spark

It is in Official Ubuntu Repository.


How to set unlimited scrolling on a TTY?

First, you buy unlimited memory.
Take a look at the kernel paramter fbcon=scrollback:Nk where N is the desired buffer size is kilobytes.  The default is 32k, so increase it from there.

To increase framebuffer console memory :

gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

Now edit and change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="fbcon=scrollback:<value>k" .

Now, update grub:

sudo update-grub

And restart your computer


Wget and Lynx not working, but apt-get working behind proxy

In this case, you can use wget with --no-proxy option. For example:

wget --no-proxy www.google.ro

And lynx with PROTOCOL_proxy option. For example:

lynx PROTOCOL_proxy www.google.ro


Installing Ubuntu in C drive of windows, delete files from other drives?

If windows is alone on its partition and all the important data are on other partitions, removing windows partition and installing Ubuntu on it will not affect the data on other partitions if you don't ask the installer wizard to use the entire disk or delete other partitions.


How can I find out what .desktop file is being launched?

I figured out how to find the path of a .desktop file based off of this answer, which is similar but not quite what I wanted.

First, pin the app in question to the Launcher. Then, run the following command:

gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites

In my case, the output was:

['application://nautilus.desktop', 'application://firefox.desktop', 'application://thunderbird.desktop', 'application://chromium-browser.desktop', 'application://libreoffice-writer.desktop', 'application://libreoffice-calc.desktop', 'application://ubuntusdk.desktop', 'application://gnome-terminal.desktop', 'application://gedit.desktop', 'application://com.ubuntu.developer.mdspencer.ubuntu-tasks_ubuntu-tasks_0.5.1.desktop', 'application://xchat.desktop', 'unity://running-apps', 'unity://expo-icon', 'unity://devices']

So the name of the .desktop file is:

com.ubuntu.developer.mdspencer.ubuntu-tasks_ubuntu-tasks_0.5.1.desktop

Which shows what my problem is. Regardless, you can find where that .desktop file is by running locate:

$ locate com.ubuntu.developer.mdspencer.ubuntu-tasks_ubuntu-tasks_0.5.1.desktop
/home/mspencer/.cache/upstart-app-launch/desktop/com.ubuntu.developer.mdspencer.ubuntu-tasks_ubuntu-tasks_0.5.1.desktop
/home/mspencer/.local/share/applications/com.ubuntu.developer.mdspencer.ubuntu-tasks_ubuntu-tasks_0.5.1.desktop
/home/mspencer/.local/share/click/hooks/desktop/com.ubuntu.developer.mdspencer.ubuntu-tasks_ubuntu-tasks_0.5.1.desktop

Which shows where the app is being launched from.

I'm not exactly sure what caused my problem, but I fixed it by running click unregister and then click register for the latest version.


I would like to fully erase my hard drive and start from a clean slate with Ubuntu

You just boot the Ubuntu Desktop CD/USB and choose to install Ubuntu. When you get to the partitioning step, tell it to use the entire harddrive. It'll overwrite anything that is currently on the harddrive.


"group descriptors corrupted" after resize of partition was interrupted. How to fix it in a short time

Never ever stop a resize or an e2fsck!

If your files are not all lost by now, let the e2fsck finish!

Sorry to be the harbinger of bad news...  :-(


New Hard Drive not being detected, cannot boot from Ubuntu CD?

Liquid spills produce various symptoms and issues depending on which components have been damaged. There is not much you can do on a software level since it's a hardware problem. you MAY still be able to get files out of it by connecting the hard drive to another machine, but fixing this laptop may not be cost-effective.. again, depending on which components have been damaged.. I fix laptops at work and liquid spills often kill the system, even though it appear to be partially working right now.. In some cases you can take it apart , clean out the components, dry it out, replace some cheap parts (keyboard, HD) and make it work again, but there is no guarantees since liquid damage can produce additional issues even two months after the fact.. I've seen a lot of that happen before. Good luck!


How to listen to Hong Kong RTHK Radio with Lubuntu?

install Radiotray and configure the like http://stm.rthk.hk/radio1


tor-browser opens with and unexpected error window

After the installation is finished, set the right ownership on the ~/.tor-browser:

sudo chown -R $USER ~/.tor-browser


I have the same issue with my M10 tablet. I will post an update if I find a solution

little update:there is already a bug filed on launchpad
https://bugs.launchpad.net/libertine/+bug/1566487

hope this can help


How can I remove Opera's system tray icon in Lubuntu?

To disable it, edit the Opera launcher to opera %u -notrayicon  Or to edit, just navigate to /usr/share/applications, Right click on Opera, choose properties, and add the -notrayicon to the end of the command.


Option 1: /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

Option 2: /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections directory, inspect any of the files for connections listed there.

Options 3: /var/log/syslog file and archived ones, syslog.*.gz. Specifically, look for something in format date hostname dhclient: Listening on LPF/wlan0/XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

Option 4: May be listed in dmesg log as well, however at least for me personally, it took form without : as separator. Here's what I mean

[    5.655159] ieee80211 phy0: hwaddr b482fed38556, RTL8187SE + rtl8225-se

side note: since /sys filesystem exists only at runtime , as does /proc , it's impossible to view /sys/class/net/wlan0/address file, however I will leave that as side note, in case one needs a file usable at run-time.


The shell is interpreting $? as the exit status of the previous command.

To prevent shell interpretation:

Use quotes around $?:

(Head-Level-Mother-Daughters ?h1 ?l1 ?m1 "$?" ?m "$?")

Or

(Head-Level-Mother-Daughters ?h1 ?l1 ?m1 '$?' ?m '$?')

Or escape $ with \:

(Head-Level-Mother-Daughters ?h1 ?l1 ?m1 \$? ?m \$?)


You can see the chat History by right-clicking on any user and chose View Information, You'll find the tab Chat History :

If you can't see logs, make sure this enabled:

For the Arabic Language:

1.You need to Install the Arabic Language pack from the Language Support Application.

2.Then , you will need to go the keyboard ---> Layouts , to add the Arabic layout.

3.Switch the languages:

4.Now you can write easily right to left:

Edited: From your edit, that is a design issue and we can't do anything about it:


How to remove extra windows buttons from Firefox tab bar in Ubuntu 20.04?

You seem to be using the Unite GNOME Shell extension. You should use the system title bar in Firefox with it.
To enable the system title bar in Firefox click the hamburger button ≡ on the top right → Customize → check Title Bar at the bottom left.
According to this Unite issue, you should restart Firefox after enabling the system title bar for Unite to work properly with it.


How to Cross Build Latest Stable Qemu with x86_64-w64-mingw32

Warning: This answer is a Work In Progress

Even though I asked the OP to consider using WinQemu, I'm officially writing an answer for those that choose to "do it from scratch."  Assuming your build host is 64-bit and your Windows is 32-bit:

We need to remove the OP's failed install of the cross-compile tools, using:
sudo apt-get --purge remove mingw-w64
rm -vR ~/qemu
Now we must decide on our Architecture.  If your Build host is 64-bit, and your Windows is 32-bit, use:
sudo apt-get install gcc-mingw32 mingw32-binutils mingw32-runtime
If your Build host is 64-bit, and your Windows is 64-bit, use:
sudo apt-get install gcc-mingw32 mingw32-binutils mingw-w64
Optional: Add SDL Support by:
wget http://www.libsdl.org/release/SDL-devel-1.2.15-mingw32.tar.gz
Now we download the Source Tarball, and untar it.  You can also use the Git Clone as the OP did, but you only need to choose one option:
sudo apt-get install wget && wget http://wiki.qemu-project.org/download/qemu-2.2.0.tar.bz2 && tar -xvjpf qemu-2.2.0.tar.bz2 && cd qemu-2.2.0
Now we configure the build. If your Build host is 64-bit, and your Windows is 32-bit, use:
configure --cross-prefix=i586-mingw32msvc- [--extra-cflags=-mthreads]
If your Build host is 64-bit, and your Windows is 64-bit, use:
configure --cross-prefix=amd64-mingw32msvc-

Note: If the Configure Phase fails, you must fix the configure errors, as the OP alluded to.  At this point, a configure failure is most likely caused by missing libraries


Automatically enter input in command line not work

You don't need this for gdb. You can specify an initial command using -ex or commands from a file using -x (or use .gdbinit files instead). From the manpage:
-command=file
-x file
   Execute GDB commands from file file.

-ex command
   Execute given GDB command.

Example with -ex:
% gdb -ex 'target remote localhost:1337'
GNU gdb (GDB) 10.1
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
...
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word".
Remote debugging using localhost:1337
(gdb)

Or with -x and a file:
% echo 'target remote localhost:1337' > foo
% gdb -x foo
GNU gdb (GDB) 10.1
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
...
0x00007ffff7fd2090 in _start () from target:/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
(gdb)


ini files missing when installing php extensions ubuntu 16 php 7

The modules are .so files.
They live @ /usr/lib/php/<buildnumber>/<modulename>.so
The ini files in /etc/php/7.0/mods-available simply map to one of the above .so files ie they contain a single line of real importance extension=<modulename>
Running phpenmod <modulename> does nothing more than creating a reference file in the /etc/php/7.0/apache/conf.d & /etc/php/7.0/cli/conf.d folder.

So in short.. you need to ensure the .so file exists, the ini file in mods available exists and that it is being referenced in the relevant place, eg apache, fpm or cli.

Hope this helps anyone in the same pos i was.

As mentioned in one of the comments there is a posisble bug regarding php and mysql... it is in the load order. The alphabetical ordering of the reference files in say /etc/php/7.0/apache/conf.d is actually the order the modules will be loaded by php. If you get mysqli issues, try ensuring the mysqlnd module is loaded before the mysqli module... this fixed things for me.


Print the content of the first file which contains some specific strings

I would go with this:

grep  -lRE  '10.17.1|130.236.189' /etc/ | head -1 | xargs cat

grep is used with -R to search /etc recursively while using -E to use extended grep features.
The -l switch with grep is used to print only the file names instead of content.
Then pipe it to xargs and xargs feed the file name as parameter tor cat
After all cat will print it out.

If you have to use find:

find /etc/ 2> /dev/null | xargs grep -lE '10.17.1|130.236.189' 2> /dev/null | head -1 | xargs cat

I used 2> /dev/null to ignore permission errors, when I'm a regular user, If you are using sudo, there is no need to use them ;)


Does Ubuntu install well on the Gateway NE56R31u? Are there any ceveats or things to watch out for?

I have heard that there are brightness related problems that affect the Gateway NE56R41u, and I bet it affects your computer too. Boot Ubuntu live and see if the brightness keys work. If you see the bar moving but the brightness isn't changing, then you too are affected by this problem. However, that would be the only thing I would worry about. You shouldn't have any problems booting UEFI though.


Issues mounting external FAT32 HDD in 14.04

I went into 'disks', and was able to open and edit the mount options. I changed the filesystem type to 'auto' and saved. Hit 'mount' and lo and behold, it worked.

I was so caught up trying to find a way to do it by the terminal, I forgot to try the obvious.


How to partition for Windows/Ubuntu dual boot on same SSD

If your disk uses MBR partition table, then both Windows and Linux root partitions should be in first 3 partitions on disk (if you want to use extended/logical partitions) or in first 4 partitions (but then you cannot use extended/logical partitions, because MBR is limited to max number of 4 "normal" partitions). If your disks uses GPT partition table, then the order of partitions doesn't matter. On SSD disks it also doesn't matter if your swap partition is first or last, SSD disks should read/write all data at the same speed.
Yes, you can, but if you mount that partition on Linux, then hibernate Linux and start Windows, you may lose some data when you run Linux next time. You should remember to not start a system if some partition is mounted on another, hibernated system (Ext4 partitions are quite save, because Windows can't mount them without some 3rd party software).
It depends on what you want to store in you home directory, but if you have most data on your NTFS partition, then it should be OK. Steam installs all the games to your home directory by default, so you should create a Steam Library on another partition and use it instead of default one.


I have "read only" access to my Macintosh HD

Have a look at Super User

Disabling journaling from HFS+ is supported until OS X Yosemite 10.10

install hfsprogs sudo apt-get install hfsprogs

then mount sudo mount -t hfsplus -o force,rw /dev/sdx# /media/mntpoint or remount sudo mount -t hfsplus -o remount,force,rw /dev/sdx# /mount/point

To fix  improperly unmounted:

sudo fsck.hfsplus /dev/sdx#

EDIT:

After seeing the updated question,you should do:

sudo chmod -R +rw myusername /home/myusername


Unable to show Popups Dialog in tab with webview

Actually, it was really simple. What I did was that I changed the onTriggered signal to: PopupUtils.open(dialog, mapContent) where mapContent is the ID of the webview. Now the dialog works as it should!


How can 'system monitor' can be turned into as powerful as Task manager of Windows in Ubuntu14.04?

I'm not aware of something for Linux that is as mighty as Window's Task Manager.

Try htop, this will most likely do what you are looking for - according to the headline of this post More information about htop on wikipedia.

You can simply install htop via Ubuntu's Software Center.

Once htop is installed, start the terminal CTRL+ALT+t and enter htop in the terminal.

htop is a very powerful tool for managing and monitoring processes on your Linux.


Ubuntu logs automatically into Unity-2D mode

You cannot use nomodeset with display effects and settings, as nomodeset tels Linux to use a more reliable, but not as feature-packed(it is quite simple and plain), video driver mode. You may try sudo apt-get install flgrx and then try disabling nomodeset, if you have an ATI graphics card. nomodeset also disables 3d effects.


I cannot boot neither Windows nor ubuntu

I finally figure out the root cause of the problem!

After running Boot-Repair program (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair) as @CelticWarrior suggested, grub menu resumed to open and I could successfully boot any OS (Windows or ubuntu).

However, once I boot and shut down Windows, I have lost access to grub menu again.

It is because somehow Windows changes boot priority so that only its list contains Windows Boot Manager. And to make matters worse, its configuration is incorrect and unable to boot correctly.

Followings are summary of my solution.

[root cause]

Two different EFI systems (that of Windows and ubuntu) are installed in different partition. (Windows in Volume 2, and ubuntu in Volume 6 in my case)
In Windows Boot Manager's configuration, Volume 2 is assumed to contain right EFI (it is true for that of Windows)
However, assumed path for the right EFI is set to that of ubuntu (\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)!
Since there is no \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi in Volume 2, boot process crash.

[solution]

I checked partition's volume and number using following code in command prompt with admin. (I think you should check which partition contains right EFI system beforehand using standard method)

diskpart
>DISKPART select disk 1
>DISKPART list volume

And assign a letter 'S' to the correct volume (maybe any letter suffice?)

>DISKPART select volume 6 #this is right volume in my case
>DISKPART assign letter=s

After that, I re-configure Windows Boot Manager so that it knows correct path to the EFI system of ubuntu.

bcdedit #check its configuration
bcdedit /set {bootmgr} device partition=s: #set true volume
bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi #actually I omit this line because my boot manager already know this true path

Then I shut down Windows, and now the grub menu opens as I expected!

I hope it will help others with same problem :)


Complicated Minimal Ubuntu Question - i3, GLX, OpenGL, Gnome, and X

I have the answer.

These packages, specifically xorg and nvidia, fail to create 2 files:

/etc/X11/xorg.conf
/etc/init/gpu-manager.conf

The following are the contents of my files, for those of you running optimus systems with hybrid graphics. For those searching, I am running a G551, aka Asus ROG GL551 etc... with Nvidia 960m

So here is how you fix it.

You need those two files. Here are mine:

/etc/X11/xorg.conf

Section "ServerLayout"
    Identifier "layout"
    Screen 0 "nvidia"
    Inactive "intel"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier "intel"
    Driver "modesetting"
    BusID "PCI:0@0:2:0"
    Option "AccelMethod" "None"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier "intel"
    Device "intel"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier "nvidia"
    Driver "nvidia"
    BusID "PCI:1@0:0:0"
    Option "ConstrainCursor" "off"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier "nvidia"
    Device "nvidia"
    Option "AllowEmptyInitialConfiguration" "on"
    Option "IgnoreDisplayDevices" "CRT"
EndSection

/etc/init/gpu-manager.conf

start on (starting lightdm
          or starting gdm
          or starting kdm
          or starting xdm
          or starting lxdm)
task
exec gpu-manager --log /var/log/gpu-manager.log


Intel HDMI Audio Out doesn't show up in Sound preferences

One difference between the live cd and your install could be the kernel modules that are loaded. You could check using lsmod | grep hda or lsmod | grep hdmi and see if there is any difference between the output on your install versus the live cd.

I don't have a maverick install, but I know with Lucid I have to explicitly load the newer ALSA drivers and kernel modules from a different PPA in order to get HDMI sound to work.


Unable to connect to Verizon POP Email under DSL

verizon.net email moving to AOL Mail in phases. So, it looks like there is something going on, on their end, and you just get to suffer through the problems.

In my case the aol system does not yet know about the userid/password so it looks like no is going to accept responsibility.


Not able to sudo after running `chown -R username:usergroup /*`

chown changed the ownership, and -R did it recursively on /*.

You have changed the owner and group of all files in your root file system. Since there is not a way to get this operation reverted as is discussed here: What if I accidentally run command "chmod -R" on system directories (/, /etc, ...), you may have to backup your files and reinstall. That's why sudo warns you that you should use root privilege with care.

Well, you can definitely fix the ownership of sudo by using a Live CD/USB, but I would expect there be many other problems from other applications. Not all files in the root file system are root:root.


You may have apc.stat  set to 0 in which case APC will always serve the cached version of PHP files without checking the file on disk for changes anymore.

You can find out with a <?php phpinfo() ?> on any page.

To change that setting, check the content of /etc/php5/conf.d/apc.ini.


It is clear to me now (almost) how this DavFS2 works (almost).  Had I only realized.. it was a lot of work, to get it running, and an overkill considering it doesn't provide syncing the way I expected :  the way the native BoxSync application does in Windows.
Also considering the time lags and the errors, it seemed unjustified to proceed with more involvement with this scheme to sync Box. I cancelled the loading and mounting.

Alternatives:

A mount on demand of the remote Box DAV, works without any additions to Ubuntu, just mount from native Nautilus > Network .   For complete instruction see this
I use this 2 ways :  (a) access to the cloud in a file structure, yet no syncing or (b) acces the Win7 BoxCloud directory, which will sync next time in Windows, automatically.
Neither a or b, perfect, both better for me now, less confusing plus resource economy and stablility.
It has been suggested in very interesting articles, that git and git-annex apps can be used for a daemon, sync purpose.  Seems more elegant, more complete.  I have yet to try.  More info here1.


How to install ubuntu on my Xperia Arc S? (Please note I love this handset so I have neither rooted or flashed)

That device is not supported. Ubuntu 12.04 is an operating system conceived for desktop and laptop computers with large form factors. Future Ubuntu releases will eventually support natively a wider range of devices with different form factors; you must be patient for a bit longer.

Is it possible to preview Ubuntu on a handset with Ubuntu Touch, but only on Nexus 4 devices.


There is a package called "audit". You can install it with:

sudo apt install auditd

Then you will need to start and enable it to start at boot:

sudo systemctl start audit
sudo systemctl enable audit

All login attempt whether successful or not will log to /var/log/auth.log (ssh logins are already logged there as well). Also the package has a reporting ability:

Successful attempts summary:

aureport -l --success --summary -i | less

Failed attempts report:

aureport -au -i --failed | less

You can swap "--failed" with "--success" or vice-versa in the above commands.


No ubuntu 12.04 toolbar when installed through VMware workstation

I had the same problem as you. You have two options:

Log in using Ubuntu 2D

or

Turn off 3D Acceleration in the VMware.
On the menu bar go to VM > Settings > Display > Uncheck Accelerate 3D graphics. ;)On the menu bar go to VM > Settings > Display > Uncheck Accelerate 3D graphics.


Fixed it, all I had to do was update the AMD drivers and restart, I'm such a nub. Thank you @BeGood


Where is main menu quick launcher in MATE Desktop 1.14.1?

The quick launcher can be enabled in MATE Tweak (which is part of the default installation):

Click Interface and then check the box Enable Launcher

You will see the launcher icon appear in your indicator panel:

And when you click it you get this dialog to search:


Parsing error when bootstrapping on Windows

YAML can be quite picky about formatting, whenever you have something other than alpha numberics make sure to apply quotes.

authorized-keys-path: "C:\Users\user\SkyDrive\Documents\Azure\ssh\"

Should resolve the issue.


ssh'ing into my ubuntu machine from another computer on the same wi-fi access point

127.0.0.1 always refer to the machine you're currently working from. However, you don't have to use the IP address. You should be able to use hostname.local. For instance, if your Ubuntu computer is called myubuntubox, then you should be able to connect to it by using ssh myubuntubox.local


Probably the permissions or ownership of files and directories in your home directory got messed up.

To fix ownership by giving it back to your current user for all files in your home directory, you can run this command in a terminal (will ask for your admin password):

sudo chown -R $USER: ~

If the problem is not ownership but permissions, you should provide the output of ls -l ~ so that we can see the file/directory listing of your home directory and check what permissions are likely wrong. Simply resetting all permissions to a new value would not be good here.


Installing and Only Using Radeon HD 6630M on VAIO VPC-CB15F

I have the same system as yours with Ubuntu 14.04, and I hope it will work for you as well.

*this will also work for any AMD video cards, but if you have an x86 system, you might want to refer to the first resource link too.

First, download the prerequisite packages for x64:

sudo apt-get install build-essential cdbs fakeroot dh-make debhelper debconf libstdc++6
sudo apt-get install dkms libqtgui4 wget execstack libelfg0 dh-modaliases
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic xserver-xorg-core libgcc1
sudo apt-get install ia32-libs lib32gcc1 libc6-i386

You'll need to download the newest AMD Catalyst Driver (Google is your friend). Make sure to save it in the Downloads folder.

Unzip the package (you might have to change the file name depending on the file version):

unzip ~/Downloads/amd-catalyst-14-4-rev2-linux-x86-x86-64-may6.zip

Make it executable:

cd fglrx*
sudo chmod +x amd-driver-installer*.run

If you're using 14.04, create Ubuntu Trusty package by typing:

sudo sh ~/Downloads/amd-catalyst-14-4-rev2-linux-x86-x86-64-may6.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/trusty

Install the package:

sudo dpkg -i fglrx*.deb

Switch to AMD card:

sudo aticonfig --px-dgpu

Reboot, and configure Xserver (xorg.conf file) for the first time:

sudo aticonfig --initial -f

Now reboot again.

If you encounter a black screen, for example, press Ctrl+Alt+F3, log into your account and run this command:

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf
sudo startx

Resource: my twisted version of these links:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1930450

http://www.yourownlinux.com/2014/04/how-to-install-amd-catalyst-14-4-graphics-driver-in-linux.html

:)


No fix to kernel that stopped updating on its own

It looks like xenial-updates and xenial-security are not turned on in "Software & Updates". Turn it on there. It should show

apt-cache policy linux-generic
linux-generic:
  Installed: 4.4.0.103.108
  Candidate: 4.4.0.103.108
  Version table:
 *** 4.4.0.103.108 500
        500 http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     4.4.0.21.22 500
        500 http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages


Downloading email messages as text files (multiple accounts) from command line

You can either chop the mbox file into pieces using a script (example), or use fetchmail and save the messages directly to a maildir folder.

Depending on what you're going to do with the messages you may be better off using a homemade solution altogether.


Make xinput settings persist after usb mouse is turned off (still connected)

I solved this issue based on a suggestion that came from another post in unix stack exchange.

In a nutshell I run a background shell script that loops every 2 seconds looking for a change in the mouse, when it find's one it re-runs the xinput command.

The original (and more simple) solution is posted here:

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/332573/how-to-make-xinput-commands-permanent/340594#340594

Here's the script I run in ~/.xinitrc:

# Map mouse button 8 (top right) to button 2 (top left) and vice versa, run when changes to the mouse occur
while true; do
        NEW_MOUSEID=$(xinput | grep "Expert Mouse" | grep -o -E '[0-9]+' | head -n 1)
        if [ "$MOUSEID" != "$NEW_MOUSEID" ]; then
                MOUSEID=$NEW_MOUSEID
                if [ "$MOUSEID" != "" ]; then
                        xinput --set-button-map $MOUSEID 1 8 3 4 5 6 7 2 9 10 11 12
                fi
        fi
        sleep 2
done &

Basic structure:

Watch for changes in the USB's ID from xinput every 2 seconds
If the mouse ID is blank, it's not connected, don't run xinput (you'll get an error if you do)
The parsing of the xinput command just returns the USB device ID for mouse "Expert Mouse", ex: "14"

Note that the original answer suggests monitoring for changes in lsusb and re-running the command then, that works just as well.


Use compiz CCSM

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager && ccsm

"<super>+w"

CCSM>Window management>Scale>bindings --> disable <super>+w;

<super>+s

CCSM>Desktop>Expo>Bindings --> disable <super>+s;


the broadcom-sta driver should work, though since lucid i've had to install the linux-image-generic (could be slightly off on the name, but it's the generic linux kernel package in synaptic), prior to installing the sta driver, which for some reason fails to compile the wl.ko driver without the generic kernel sources to build against. hope this helps.


Selected Sound Output Device Not Persisting Between Reboots in gnome-control-center

I have had the bug report suggestions setup this way for along time as sound is always routed to TV and I don't want it to switch to tinny laptop speakers.

Use sudo -H gedit /etc/pulse/default.pa and find the lines:

load-module module-switch-on-port-available
load-module module-switch-on-connect

Change them to:

#load-module module-switch-on-port-available
#load-module module-switch-on-connect

Save the file and use: pulseaudio -k

Note 1: It's been reported that plain sudo now performs like sudo -H in 19.04 but caution dictates using later method.

Note 2: Earlier versions of Ubuntu will only have the first configuration line.


How to create a web interface for my Python script?

Of course you can install apache and try your luck from there.

To me, the following seems simpler:

(optional) create a user account for him on the university machine. This is to "separate" him from your files. This is not strictly necessary but may be a good idea.
Install putty on your friend's Windows 7 machine.
Create a putty session (as described here) and put that as an icon on the desktop (or any other convenient place). Make sure you also configure user name and password. (A fancy alternative would be to use pageant for authentication)

This way, all your friend has to do is click on an icon and he will be presented with a console window where he can directly use the script: python file1.py


Why does umask 077 not allow the user to execute files/directories?

When you use a umask of 077 only the user has read, write and execute permissions. The user definitely will be able to open ('execute') directories (see more on why directories have to be executable in my answer here). However, files must always be made executable by entering chmod u+x myfile; they are never automatically executable. Some more useful information on umask is given in this answer:

What is "umask" and how does it work?

The likely possibility for your problems is that you have perhaps entered the value slightly incorrectly, which has resulted in a different umask, or that the value has not been permanently set. If you enter umask 077 in the terminal it will only hold good for that session of the terminal; to make it permanent for your user simply add umask 077 to your ~/.profile. The system default setting for umask is in /etc/login.defs; it used to be in /etc/profile. See also the manpage for pam_umask, which is a pam module that handles the assignment of umask.

The following examples are from a successful setting of umask 077:

1) For folder creation: mkdir doc checked with stat doc gave the correct permissions and an 'executable' folder:

File: `doc'
  Size: 4096        Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   directory
Device: 801h/2049d  Inode: 6425268     Links: 2
Access: (0700/drwx------)  Uid: ( 1000/    mike)   Gid: ( 1000/    mike)
Access: 2012-09-12 11:33:01.236675420 +0100
Modify: 2012-09-12 11:33:01.236675420 +0100
Change: 2012-09-12 11:33:01.236675420 +0100
 Birth: -

2) For file creation: touch new checked with stat new gave the correct permissions; the file is only made executable when you use chmod +x:

File: `new'
  Size: 0           Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty file
Device: 801h/2049d  Inode: 6303902     Links: 1
Access: (0600/-rw-------)  Uid: ( 1000/    mike)   Gid: ( 1000/    mike)
Access: 2012-09-12 11:34:58.272676270 +0100
Modify: 2012-09-12 11:34:58.272676270 +0100
Change: 2012-09-12 11:34:58.272676270 +0100

A umask of 077 will give the permissions shown, but if you still have problems with permissions after setting umask 077 properly (as discussed further above) we can look into it further.


Reinstall your Ubuntu on USB.
In the installing procedures, there is a part to select which device to install bootloader.
Something like this.
This time make sure you install /boot/efi partition on your pendrive but not your hard drive.


Anacron's configuration file (man page) /etc/anacrontab normally contains lines like this:

1   5   cron.daily  run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily

The run-parts command which is responsible for running scripts in the specified directory /etc/cron.blabla, expects the file names to "consist  entirely of ASCII upper- and lower-case letters, ASCII digits, ASCII underscores, and ASCII minus-hyphens" (man page) So, the script file names or link  file names you put under this directory should not contain special characters like "."

Your configuration is a bit different, because you have put the script name directly into your anacrontab file, but it is worth checking the file name and changing it to something dot-free.


How to export a program from windows to ubuntu app for windows?

In your Ubuntu shell (bash for windows, etc) you can navigate to /mnt/c/Users/[username]/Downloads to get to your downloads folder.


Problems with 5 monitor setup and DisplayPort splitter in Ubuntu 14.04

This issue did appear to be related to the timing of the initialization of the monitors.  Switching the MST splitter to the first port resulted in the system successfully processing the monitors.xml file every time.  It has been restarted many times now without issue.


Remove files created through mount & owned by root

rm -R A"

or

sudo rm -R A"

doesn't work (not even as root) because " is a special character which must be escaped with a backslash \ otherwise it's interpreted by the shell (and that has nothing to do with permissions or ownership of the file/folder).
Since all the foldernames (except Speciale) start with a letter & end with a " you can delete them all with one command:

rm -ri *\"

This command removes files and directories including their contents (-r for recursive) ending with a " and asks for confirmation before removal (-i).

Since the folder Speciale doesn't contain any special character, it can be removed by just typing

rm -ri Speciale

(-i isn't strictly necessary, but it's a good idea to use this when using rm with a glob, as it might match something you don't actually want to delete)


Remove Ubuntu Logo in upperleft hand corner of Gnome Classic

Open /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/apps/gnome-panel.css file and remove the following line:

-PanelMenuBar-icon-visible: true;

Source


Since your bash script in /etc/pm/sleep.d/00_update is run as the root user, ~/.state means something other than your home directory.

Replace both occurrences of ~/.state with the absolute path, something like /home/w3/.state (YMMV).

Also, if you use an encrypted home directory, there will be times when it is not mounted (when you are not logged in), so consider writing your file into /tmp.


Screen tears with MSI GE72 2QD Apache Pro dual booting Linux with windows 10

Blacklist nouveau in grub (add nouveau.blacklist=1 to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT variable in /etc/default/grub then do sudo update-grub)
install nvidia Drivers (latest) using apt
install microcode drivers from additional drivers
add i915.modeset=1 to grub (similar to step 1)

do all steps then only restart computer, else you might face a login loop.
If you face a login loop, set grub parameters while booting (Press E on grub menu then add parameters to the linux line then F10 to boot)

Use nvidia drivers when using multiple monitors, and use intel graphics when using single monitor to save battery. this settings can be done in nvidia control panel.


How to use Amharic EZ+ keyboard layout in Ubuntu 14.04?

I found the answer to this question from the GNU/Linux Ethiopia Google Mailing list. One of our members, Teferra, gave out the answer a while back. The key is to add Amharic (sera (m17n)) input source in Text Entry options. To do this follow the instructions below:

First install the m17n package, sudo apt-get install ibus-m17n.
Then open dash (Super), and type Text Entry and choose to open that application. You will see the following window popup. There are several things you can do on this window but for our purposes we will only need to add Amharic (sera (m17n)) input source.

Add the Amharic (sera (m17n)) input source using the + button indicated there.

Once you've done that, the Amharic Keyboard would be available as usual.


Error in installation of gcc-4.6 and gcc++-4.6 in ubuntu 16.04

There is no official GCC 4.6 package for 16.04; the lowest version available is 4.7. If you really need 4.6, you will have to use Ubuntu 14.04, or find a PPA which provides it for 16.04.


Why does unity make it hard to rearange an icon in the launcher?

Dragging vertically is used to scroll the icon list if not all icons fit on your screen.


Lockscreen access denied (AD auth via sssd)

This fix was posted as a comment to the bug that vargax submitted. If you add:

ad_gpo_map_interactive = +unity

to the [domain/domainname] section of /etc/sssd/sssd.conf, the lock screen problem goes away.

Unfortunately, this does not solve the problem with elevated privileges in the gui.


The following answer repeats much of the information in the Links below

                                                         LXC

Containers are a lightweight virtualization technology. They are more akin to an enhanced chroot than to full virtualization like Qemu or VMware, both because they do not emulate hardware and because containers share the same operating system as the host. Therefore containers are better compared to Solaris zones or BSD jails. Linux-vserver and OpenVZ are two pre-existing, independently developed implementations of containers-like functionality for Linux. In fact, containers came about as a result of the work to upstream the vserver and OpenVZ functionality. Some vserver and OpenVZ functionality is still missing in containers, however containers can boot many Linux distributions and have the advantage that they can be used with an un-modified upstream kernel.

                                         Making LXC easier

One of the main focus for 12.04 LTS was to make LXC dead easy to use, to achieve this, we’ve been working on a few different fronts fixing known bugs and improving LXC’s default configuration.

Creating a basic container and starting it on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS is now down to:

sudo apt-get install lxc
sudo lxc-create -t ubuntu -n my-container
sudo lxc-start -n my-container

This will default to using the same version and architecture as your machine, additional option are obviously available (–help will list them). Login/Password are ubuntu/ubuntu.

Another thing we worked on to make LXC easier to work with is reducing the number of hacks required to turn a regular system into a container down to zero.
Starting with 12.04, we don’t do any modification to a standard Ubuntu system to get it running in a container.
It’s now even possible to take a raw VM image and have it boot in a container!

The ubuntu-cloud template also lets you get one of our EC2/cloud images and have it start as a container instead of a cloud instance:

sudo apt-get install lxc cloud-utils
sudo lxc-create -t ubuntu-cloud -n my-cloud-container
sudo lxc-start -n my-cloud-container

And finally, if you want to test the new cool stuff, you can also use [juju][3] with LXC

[ -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ] && ssh-keygen -t rsa
sudo apt-get install juju apt-cacher-ng zookeeper lxc libvirt-bin --no-install-recommends
sudo adduser $USER libvirtd
juju bootstrap
sed -i "s/ec2/local/" ~/.juju/environments.yaml
echo " data-dir: /tmp/juju" >> ~/ .juju/environments.yaml
juju bootstrap
juju deploy mysql
juju deploy wordpress
juju add-relation wordpress mysql
juju expose wordpress

# To tail the logs
juju debug-log

# To get the IPs and status
juju status

                                            Making LXC safer

Another main focus for LXC in Ubuntu 12.04 was to make it safe. John Johansen did an amazing work of extending apparmor to let us implement per-container apparmor profiles and prevent most known dangerous behaviours from happening in a container.

NOTE: Until we have user namespaces implemented in the kernel and used by the LXC we will NOT say that LXC is root safe, however the default apparmor profile as shipped in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS is blocking any armful action that we are aware of.

This mostly means that write access to /proc and /sys are heavily restricted, mounting filesystems is also restricted, only allowing known-safe filesystems to be mounted by default. Capabilities are also restricted in the default LXC profile to prevent a container from loading kernel modules or control apparmor.

More details on this are available here:

http://www.stgraber.org/2012/05/04/lxc-in-ubuntu-12-04-lts/

https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/lxc.html

http://www.stgraber.org/2012/03/04/booting-an-ubuntu-12-04-virtual-machine-in-an-lxc-container/


One single command to update everything in Ubuntu?

There are 3 decent choices:

You could create a script something like the following:

#!/bin/bash
set -e
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Call it something like update.sh and place it in /usr/local/bin and then make the script executable by running:

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/update.sh

Another method would be to create a bash alias (in ~/.bashrc) or wherever you normally store your aliases:

alias update='sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade'

A final method would be to simply string the 3 commands together on the commandline:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

A few choices...

Reference:

Combine apt-get update and apt-get upgrade in one command


Mouse cursor size is tiny in Chromium (Ubuntu 18.04)

I had the same problem with various snap applications.
The following solution worked for me:

add the following line to your ~/.bashrc

export XCURSOR_PATH=$RUNTIME/usr/share/icons


Yes, this should be easily doable.

  It's ridiculously easy. Simply right click on your network manager and
  choose "Edit Connections". Then in the "Wired" tab, you can either use
  your existing wired connection, (or create a new one by hitting the
  "Add" button, name your new connection "Shared Network Port" or
  something similar), pop into its IPv4 tab and in "Method", choose
  "Shared to other computers". Apply everything and close the network
  manager windows.

  Now when you need to plug something into that ethernet port, you can
  share your WIFI internet conenction simply by clicking on network
  manager and choosing the "Shared Network Port" entry there.

  If you want this to be a constantly used ethernet connection used for
  sharing and nothing else, feel free to edit "Auto Eth0" instead of
  creating a new entry like I describe above. Creating a new entry gives
  you some flexibility to choose however.

  Note that this uses a bit of NAT (network address translation) magic
  to work properly, so the Xbox360 (or whatever you plug into your wired
  port) will get a funky IP address.

  From memory, it will only be able to see the internet too - I don't
  think you can see the host computer, the one with the internet
  connection. You can set that up, but it requires a bit of messing
  about with DHCP servers, I believe. I didn't need it, so I didn't go
  down that road.
  Source: Share Wireless connection with Wired Ethernet Port


Try enabling hardware acceleration in mplayer, follow this tutorial:

Mplayer with hardware acceleration in Ubuntu


With Acer it could be a BIOS problem. Go look at Acer support pages if there is an BIOS update for your (EXACT) model of computer. If yes, follow the instructions there to install it. I had to do it with Lenovo. In my case the BIOS update was only possible in Windows.


ctags! ctags supports shell scripts:

$ ctags rename-windows.sh
$ cat tags
!_TAG_FILE_FORMAT   2   /extended format; --format=1 will not append ;" to lines/
!_TAG_FILE_SORTED   1   /0=unsorted, 1=sorted, 2=foldcase/
!_TAG_PROGRAM_AUTHOR    Darren Hiebert  /dhiebert@users.sourceforge.net/
!_TAG_PROGRAM_NAME  Exuberant Ctags //
!_TAG_PROGRAM_URL   http://ctags.sourceforge.net    /official site/
!_TAG_PROGRAM_VERSION   5.9~svn20110310 //
find_num_files  rename-windows.sh   /^find_num_files ()$/;" f
str_join    rename-windows.sh   /^str_join ()$/;"   f

I had only two functions, and both were detected. If your script doesn't have a .sh extension, you'll have to --language-force it.


Ubuntu 16.04.3 - Where do I get dependencies?

Following worked

make outputs are just WARNING (which was confusing).

$ cd /root
$ apt-get install libopal-dev
$ git clone https://github.com/tmakkonen/sipcmd.git
$ make

$ ./sipcmd -P sip -u 244xxx -c 1234 -w sip1.nomado.eu -x "c0012127773456;ws2000;d**;w200;h;j4"

Description:

- login to 244xxx with password 1234 at sip1.nomado.eu
- call 0012127773456
- wait for 2000 ms
- send DTMF : * *
- wait for 200 ms
- hangup


How to create a script to check for internet connection?

Add a cron job for root to run the following script:

#!/bin/bash

if ! [ "$(ping -c 1 google.com)" ]; then
    service network-manager restart
fi

Don't forget to make it executable:

chmod +x /path/to/script

To add a cron job for root, use the following command:

sudo crontab -e

And your cron entry from the crontab file should look like:

0/15 * * * * /path/to/script


First find the directory that has used most of your hard disk space by running
# du -sh /*.

Let assume it is /var dir.

Now you could add additional hard disk & create a brand new partition on it by running
# fdisk /dev/sdb (here it is assumed the newly connected hard disk is /dev/sdb)

Let assume the created partition is /dev/sdb1 and it is formated with ext4 filesystem.

Now, let the system /var dir's mount point is to be that partition

edit the /etc/fstab with your favorite editor (nano or vi)
add the following and save it and reboot to see the effected changes
/dev/sdb1  /var  ext4 default 0 0


The problem has been resolved with the latest update, every machine I have with this issue is now working correctly so evidently the problem was with Ubuntu.
Thanks,


Keyboard layout English US international not working properly on Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS

Thanks to @GunnarHjalmarsson for pointing me to Bug#1573755.
Removing ~/.xinputrc has solved the problem for me.


How to stop the bash script when a command meets an error?

From the set man page:

-e  Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status.

So your script should begin with:
#!/bin/bash

set -e # exit on first error


Custom keyboard shortcut for issuing bash command in current terminal window

The following answer is copied from an answer to this question, and explains how to create a custom keyboard shortcut anywhere, which naturally also will work in a terminal. I'm posting the solution that worked well for me - please check out the linked question for other alternatives. All credit goes to the original author Seth.
xbindkeys..
sudo apt-get install xbindkeys

Xbindkeys is a very versatile program that lets you remap keys very easily.  It uses a config file, my default located in your home directory, to change key bindings into certain commands.
To create a default config file you use the command:
xbindkeys --defaults

Which prints the default config file.  So if you want to create the file containing the default values you would use:
xbindkeys --defaults > $HOME/.xbindkeysrc

Which prints the default values into a hidden file named .xbindkeysrc located in home (~).
Now to actually change the bindings of keys we first need to know what the name or keysym of those keys is.  xbindkeys allows us to use the -k handle to find the name of a key or key combination.  Run:
xbindkeys -k

And press a key or key combination.  Your output will look something similar to this (when pressing space):
"NoCommand"
m:0x10 + c:65
Mod2 + space

"No Command" tells us that currently no command is associated with the Space key.
m:0x10 + c:65
Mod2 + space

Is the name of the key/key combination.
the config file..
Lets open up the config file you made earlier:
gedit .xbindkeysrc

Here is an excerpt from the default config file:
#
# A list of keys is in /usr/include/X11/keysym.h and in
# /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h
# The XK_ is not needed.
#
# List of modifier:
#   Release, Control, Shift, Mod1 (Alt), Mod2 (NumLock),
#   Mod3 (CapsLock), Mod4, Mod5 (Scroll).
#

# The release modifier is not a standard X modifier, but you can
# use it if you want to catch release events instead of press events

# By defaults, xbindkeys does not pay attention with the modifiers
# NumLock, CapsLock and ScrollLock.
# Uncomment the lines above if you want to pay attention to them.

#keystate_numlock = enable
#keystate_capslock = enable
#keystate_scrolllock= enable

# Examples of commands:

"xbindkeys_show"
 control+shift + q

Every line beginning with # is a comment and won't be read or run by xbindkeys.
So far the only line that isn't commented out is:
"xbindkeys_show"
 control+shift + q

This excerpt shows the basic syntax of xbindkeys commands:
"Command to run (in quotes)"
key to associate with command (no quotes)

So as you can see:
"xbindkeys_show"
 control+shift + q

Runs the command xbindkeys_show when you press Ctrl+Shift+q.
bind keys to commands..
Now lets try binding a few keys.  I recommend clearing the entire default file so that it's blank.  It contains preset key bindings you probably don't want.
Now lets say you want to use Ctrl+b to open your browser.  First you need to know what the name or keysym of Ctrl+b is.  As mentioned earlier you can use xbindkeys -k to find the name of a key or keys, but there is an easier way.  For simple combinations like Ctrl+b you can just use:
Control+b

A lot easier isn't it!
Now find the command for your favorite browser:

For Firefox: firefox

For Chromium: chromium-browser

For Opera:  opera

Remember the syntax from earlier?  The xbindkeys command to launch Firefox (or your other favorite browser) when you press Ctrl+b is:
"firefox"
Control+b

Now put that in your config file and save it.  Now you might notice your command doesn't work yet, that's because xbindkeys isn't running.  To start it just run xbindkeys from a terminal.  Your Ctrl+b should now start your browser!


How do I keep my Huawei E3131 3G modem from unmounting?

3G-dongles are known to draw quite some power.

Maybe your computer is not able to deliver enough power so your 3G-dongle (which may be marginal) the quits.
(or the USB-port power circuit may be marginal and cuts after a while)

It may be worth to try the 3G-dongle when it is connected to a powered USB hub.

It may be worth to try NOT connecting to the 3G network (the dongle won't draw much power as the radio part is not in use) and continuously read off its "CD-ROM" to verify this can be sustained for longer than, say, 15 or even 30 minutes.


there is a  little menu up to the top right of the Gparted dialog box click it and see if you can switch to the  flash drive. It's how I do it


If you would like to just try out Ubuntu and not install it, skip to the last section, otherwise, keep reading.

Here is a step-by-step procedure to set up Ubuntu on dual-boot with Windows.
The first thing you need to do is to create free space on your system by shrinking any of your existing partitions.

Open Disk Management by typing it into the start menu search bar. There you can right click any of your drives and shrink them by any amount which is >= 50 GB. (That is the amount of space I gave Ubuntu on my system, you could have a different configuration too)
Once you have done the shrinking, you will see that there is a certain amount of unallocated space listed. This is where we shall set up Ubuntu.
If you know what a "Live USB"/"Bootable CD/DVD" is and have set one up, skip this step.
Assuming that you haven't set up bootable media for your Ubuntu installation, here is a tutorial for that. Just copying the Ubuntu iso file that you have downloaded onto the flash drive won't help. You need to be able to boot via that flash drive. For that, install tool called Universal USB Installer (UUI) from here. After installing this file, set up the live USB by following the on-screen instructions and go on to the next step while you keep the USB plugged in.
Restart the system, and before Windows loads, press the hotkey particular to your system that takes you to the BIOS setup. It is usually written on the bottom part of the screen.
Once you're in the BIOS menu, go to boot device options and select the USB flash drive that you have plugged in.

Now you will be presented with two options:

Try Ubuntu and install Ubuntu. Try Ubuntu lets you get the feel of how Ubuntu works without actually having to install it on your Hard Drive. Choose the one according to your need.

Try UBUNTU
This option, as stated above will give you a demo of how Ubuntu works.

Install Ubuntu

Here, follow the on screen instructions, until you get the screen where the options look like this:

Erase Windows and install Ubuntu
Let the system decide
3.Something else.
choose something else here!
Now click on the free space that is listed (remember the free space that we created in windows), change it to 20480 MiB, Primary, ext4 journaling filesystem, and set the mount point as /
Repeat the step by setting the memory to the amount of RAM you have,Primary, and filesystem as Swap area.
Allocate the rest of the area to a mount point called /home (Rest remains same).

Continue with the on screen instructions, let Ubuntu set up your files and be patient.
Once done, enjoy your new liberated experience!


As the # has a special meaning in URLs you have to replace it with %23:

www.example.com/image%2301.jpg


XFCE Desktop - Rocketchat Doesn't Show In Notification Tray

There exist three panel-plugins in xfce4 which have almost the same meaning:

Status Notifier Plugin from the package xfce4-statusnotifier-plugin
Indicator Plugin from the package xfce4-indicator-plugin
Notification Area which is part of the package xfce4-panel

Normally we will have only one of these plugins added to our panel, but some applications will appear in only one of these plugins, so you'll have to try which one of them is used by Rocketchat by adding the currently not used plugins to your panel.


Cannot remove hiberfile on NTFS partition

I had same problem. Try:

ntfsfix /dev/sda5

remove_hiberfile option no longer works.
ntfs-3g package policy is to use the new tool ntfsfix.

However, this tool didn't work for me either. So I plugged the hard disk in a Windows machine, turned off "Fast Startup" in power button options from within Windows, then shutdown and replaced back the HDD in my Ubuntu machine.

I found about it here: Using Ubuntu To Delete hiberfil.sys From Unbootable Win 8.1


Intel Skylake HD 530 Graphics and Ubuntu 16.10 - No video / HDMI Out

According to the NotebookReview MSI GS43VR Owners’ Lounge all of the external ports (HDMI, DP, Thunderbolt 3) are hard-wired to the Nvidia card, so I’m affraid it’s not possible to use the Intel card to drive an external monitor.


Ubuntu was first released in 2004 and so never with a kernel older than 2.0.


Perhaps you could put these into your .bashrc or in /etc/rc.local so that you don't ever need to run them manually, this way they'd either be run when a terminal is opened, or when the system is booted


Ubuntu 16.04 fsck returns error Found a dos partition table in /dev/sdc

Partition table and partition's file system are different and unrelated concepts.

mke2fs is reporting it found a 'msdos' or MBR partition table. Those can contain up to four primary partitions of any file system. Perhaps it expected GPT?


“Failed to load platform plugin ”xcb“ ” while launching qt5 app on linux without qt installed

I had this error message when trying to run "Stellarium".

With strace I found that the missing file was libxcb-xinerama.so.0.
I had to reinstall libxcb-xinerama0 to make it work:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libxcb-xinerama0


Apprarently the problem is due to having the drivers installed in two folders. I found a solution on the official MATLAB forum.

I solved the problem by renaming the driver file:

cd MATLAB_ROOT/sys/os/glnxa64/
sudo mv libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++.so.6.old


I think your display got ****ed up with the new installation of KDE.. What I would recommend is booting into Recovery mode using GRUB, and reverting to the last version, and setting display settings to original, also make sure your display manager is up to date. Anything else, just reply.


compression setting for log files in /var/log

/var/log/wtmp is not a text file but it's not compressed either. It's a binary file and to decode it you need a dedicated tool called rawtmp available with the sac package.

sudo apt-get install sac

To access wtmp logs, type in a terminal:

rawtmp | less

Or to decode the first wtmp archive:

rawtmp -w /var/log/wtmp.1 | less

EDIT: To override logrotate compression settings for wtmp you just need to edit the /etc/logrotate.conf file:

sudo gedit /etc/logrotate.conf

To add the nocompress directive:

/var/log/wtmp {
    nocompress
    missingok
    monthly
    create 0664 root utmp
    rotate 12
}

From logrotate man page:

   nocompress
          Old versions of log files are not compressed. See also compress.


You might try reconfiguring lirc with sudo dpkg-reconfigure lirc and reset the controller type through that, and also check out the XBMC guide for lirc configurations.


UbuntuGNOME 13.10 - Problem: Keyboard layout: Control L and Caps Lock swapped

It doesn't look like the Keyboard Layout Options dialog is going to come back. You can swap the caps-lock and control keys in gnome-tweak-tool, under "Typing."

Screenshot:


1) Yes, it is possible to use 3 TB (or any drive larger than 2 TB) drives on a board which does not support booting from them.  However you will have to boot from something which is supported, such as your suggested USB pendrive.

2) Most installers align themselves on multiples of 4k (often even on 1MB or 2MB boundaries). Unless you are manually entering start sectors you can ignore this. Having said that, it does not hurt to check the results.

3) RAID stripe size, should I investigate further or just live with the defaults?

These days I just go with the defaults, unless I use truly ancient drives (10-40 MB era) where disk performance really mattered.  These days defaults are sane and disk caches are large.

I guess you can tweak it a bit for a specific case, but for generic NAS usage just keep the defaults.


Black screen instead of login screen. Ubuntu 16.04

Well I recommend to do the following.

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

Enter the following above the line exit 0

setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=00

Now edit the file /etc/default/grub and the change the following accordingly.

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_backlight=vendor"

Save and close file.Now run following command in Terminal to update grub:

sudo update-grub

Now restart PC.


What does update-grub and 'modprobe efivars' programs do in this case?

What magic is happening, when I run update-grub?

GRUB is a combination boot manager and boot loader for Linux -- it presents a menu of boot options (the boot manager part) and, when you select a Linux option, it loads the Linux kernel into memory and executes it (the boot loader part). These functions rely on a GRUB configuration file, stored in Ubuntu at /boot/grub/grub.cfg; the menu is generated based on this configuration file. If the file is absent, GRUB presents a prompt that reads grub>, which is not very helpful except to experts. If the configuration file contains incorrect information, you might or might not get a menu, and at least some menu items are likely to not work.

What update-grub does is to scan the computer for OSes and Linux kernels and create a new grub.cfg file. Ordinarily, this script is run automatically when you install a new kernel (which can happen in an automatic or semi-automatic way, depending on your OS update settings). You can also run update-grub manually -- say, if you've made changes to another OS you're dual-booting and you want GRUB to recognize those changes. In your case, I'm not sure it was necessary. In theory, it should have been set up when you installed Ubuntu. OTOH, clearly that installation wasn't entirely successful, so maybe grub.cfg was missing or misconfigured.

  Are commands "modprobe efivars" and "efibootmgr --verbose" are also needed?

The modprobe efivars command loads the efivars kernel module, which gives the kernel access to EFI variables stored in NVRAM. These variables record things like pointers to specific boot loader files used by the firmware and the order in which those boot loaders are used. Note that the order of control during boot is EFI to GRUB (or other boot manager/loader) to OS kernel (Linux). The OS installation process therefore requires some way to tell the EFI to launch GRUB rather than some other boot loader, and the EFI variables are part of how that's done.

The efibootmgr tool is another part of this process; it takes options to enable you to view or modify EFI variables. That is, efibootmgr talks to the kernel, which uses its efivars module to access the EFI's NVRAM variables. The specific efibootmgr command you mention, efibootmgr --verbose, merely displays the current boot variables. Thus, it's not important in the procedure you outlined and could be omitted. OTOH, the grub-install command, on an EFI system, will ordinarily update the EFI boot variables; but the fact that you passed it the --no-nvram option told it not to do so. This could create problems, except....

Beyond this, you've copied and renamed GRUB to two other names. One of these is the EFI fallback filename, EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi. This is the file that an EFI tries to run as a boot loader if it lacks EFI variables that point it to another name, or if those other entries are invalid or their binaries return to the EFI without launching an OS. Ordinarily, modifying the EFI variables via efibootmgr (which is one thing that grub-install will do, if called without --no-nvram) will make a system bootable. Some computers, though, have buggy EFIs that forget or ignore their EFI variables. On such systems, copying/renaming the boot loader, as you've done, is required to get the system to boot. The fact that your "stock" installation didn't work and you had to jump through these hoops suggests you may have such a computer.

For more reading on these subjects, I recommend:

Adam Williamson's blog entry on how EFI works -- This page describes the theory behind EFI-mode booting.
A question and answers on the differences between BIOS and EFI booting on Superuser.com -- This provides the basics of the preceding, but is more concise.
My page on installing Linux on EFI systems -- This page is a more practical introduction to EFI-mode booting than Adam Williamson's blog.
The Ubuntu community wiki entry on UEFI -- This page is a bit disjointed, but is the most Ubuntu-specific introduction to EFI and its issues.


Changes to /etc/resolv.conf discarded when connecting to a new network

As per the header on /etc/resolv.conf:

# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
#     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN

Try putting your change in

/etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base and they should get added to /etc/resolv.conf when it gets re-written every 15 minutes.


hot-plugging USB 3.0 drive NOT working in ubuntu 12.04

My usb3 drive was working until I did the update too. I fixed it by adding the line

blacklist uas

to the file /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf.

Hint found on:

External usb 3.0 hard drive is not recognised when plugged into usb 3 port

This worked for me, once I rebooted and reattached the USB drive to my computer.


Virtualbox not working after Ubuntu 17.10 upgrade

Upgrading to latest version solved the problem:
http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2017/10/virtualbox-reached-5-2-major-release-how-to-install/