Moving Videos folder into HDD and having a link of it in SSD

Copy the contents of your Videos folder to a folder called Videos on your HDD, let's say /mnt/hdd1/Videos.
Open a terminal and type mv ~/Videos ~/Videos.old.
Type ln -s /mnt/hdd1/Videos/ ~/. This will create a link from that Videos folder in your HDD into your home directory (which is on the SSD).
If you're on Ubuntu 14.04, I believe "Nautilus" will automatically fix the Videos icon and Places, but if it doesn't, do:

sed -i~ '/^XDG_VIDEOS/s|.*|XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"|' ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

That command should fix it.

Close all Nautilus windows and open again. Verify that the Videos icon still looks the same and you can click it under Places. Verify the symlink by doing ls -l ~.

Once done, you can safely remove the Videos.old folder in your Home directory.


12.04 Boot goes straight to grub then hangs on black screen, what do I do?

This is a wild one but I have experienced a similar situation with a 13.04 recovering 12.04. Took me ages going round in circles eventually I formatted the Live USB and installed 12.04 - problem disappeared.


Not able to Login after editing common-auth file

I don't know why it happened, but I solved my similar issue by removing deny=3 and using sudo faillog -m 3 instead.


The character > on its own doesn't have any special significance in either a basic or an extended regular expression, so both
grep -Ec ">" myfile.txt

and
grep -c ">" myfile.txt

count the number of lines in myfile.txt that contain the character >


Is there a tool like XMing to manage X11 forwarded applications?

NOT that I know of.

That's basically the way SSH X11 Forwarding works.

You'll have to connect to the SSH Server by specifying -X or -Y, of course sshd should allow X11Forwarding.

To run X client applications like Firefox, chrome, you'll have to execute the application in CLI and probably run it in background and redirect the stdout and stderr to the black hole >/dev/null 2>&1 &.

There are some misunderstandings in your statement.

xclock is actually a X client, it is executed on the remote SSH Server but is displayed on the X Server where ssh client resides (your Ubuntu Desktop or Xming X Server for Windows).


In Audacity preferences "recording" tab,  you will find a latency setting to correct the delayed playing while recording: try to increase both values .
Best latency is obtained using Ardour and Jack server: sudo  apt-get install ardour will install both.  No need to change the kernel but the file /etc/security/limits.conf must be edited as root: run    sudo gedit /etc/security/limits.conf  in a terminal and add these 3 lines at the end:

@audio - rtprio 99
@audio - memlock unlimited
@audio - nice -19

You must be in the audio group. Check using the id command and if needed run sudo adduser $USER audio or if you prefer, install users and group management): click advanced for your user then  select "use audio device" to be in audio group
then reboot .

Running Ardour will auto-launch jack sound server ( temporarily disabling pulseaudio).

In the session window, give a project name. In the audio configuration tab (see Note 2)  set a 256 buffer size for good latency ( higher value for higher latency in case you experience "xruns" (clicks) while recording. You will see corresponding latency in ms: it is good if less than 10ms, very good under 5ms, some modern pc can go under 1 or 2 ms . In option tab, verify that real time is selected. Click start.

Then, in the Ardour main window, add a track and click its  "r"record button, and start record from transport bar . It should record fine, if not: have a look at this Ardour tutorial.

Tip: Press shift+e to get a mixer strip  for setting track connections  and level as shown in the tutorial.

Note: If no audio is recorded or getting distorded or low level, verify Alsa audio layer capture lauching alsamixer in a terminal, or more easily, install and run gnome-alsamixer:

Set rec mode on the relevant fader, generally  capture fader
Set level using the capture, mic, mic boost faders.

Note2: "audio configuration" tab in "Session windows" is displayed when you first launch Ardour: it can be used to set jack parameters (buffer, latency, real time). When you rerun ardour, it is not displayed until you kill jackd (command: killall jackd). But you have the same setting for latency in the jack menu in the main Ardour window or in qjackctl (another application to control and set jack parameters outside Ardour)


Just log out, then click on the little speaker icon in the upper right hand corner of the login screen.  Set the volume here to Mute.


The official website says you can install it from a ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fluxus-maintainers/stable
sudo apt-get install fluxus


Problem accessing www.evernote.com with Firefox on Ubuntu

I don't think this is Ubuntu, it may be Firefox 88. I tried to use Evernote authorise for my webapp in development on Mac Pro 10.15.7 and got the www.evernote.com/Login.action?err=true&message=login.error.suspicious
I get the same response just using https://www.evernote.com
Cookies are set to allow for the domain.
(This will be irritating as I've only just finished the feature)


Access Ubuntu partition files using Windows bash

No, there is no better way. Windows does not have native support for accessing ext4 or other Linux filesystems. You have to add a third party driver for that.

The risk of data corruption is pretty small, though, compared to accessing NTFS from Linux. While NTFS had to be reverse engineered in order to create a Linux driver for it, Linux filesystem structures are open source and well documented, so the programmers of Windows ext4 drivers had a reliable basis to work from.


You want to do cd homeassistant, because it is located in the directory you are in. /homeassistant refers to a folder in the root folder of your raspberry pi.


I couldn't think of anything smarter than to rename the ~/.gimp-2.8 folder

And it works fine from the current user context.


Why does tomcat-admin install require adding admin and manager to tomcat-users.xml manually?

Ansered in the comments.

  The Ubuntu Manual has: "Access to the manager application is protected by default: you need to define a user with the role "manager" in /etc/tomcat6/tomcat-users.xml before you can access it." I stumbled upon this myself several times, i thing many people are missing it...


Moving Ubuntu installation to new computer

As suggested in the comments - it is best to install things from scratch and backup only needed files and configurations, as new hardware configurations on a new computer might actually not fully function (such as drivers and overall filesystem and hardware indexing).
Same goes for Windows.

But if you still want to give it a try (as it might work even better than expected), there are many ways to accomplish that.
I think this thread offers most of the common tools and ways to do so:
How to make a disk image and restore from it later?


when you download app to phone using browser, that are not downloaded via usb. Probably your phone is connected to internet via wi-fi/ GPRS. The app is downloaded using that connection (not usb).

Go to Settings → Xperia → connectivity → USB  connection mode.
Change the mode to mass storage mode (MSC)

Now hopefully you can see the sd card.

This answer is based on my xperia ray. So the option may be hiddedn somewhere else.


Would be helpful if you attached a screenshot. I cannot help you, though you can try pressing

Ctrl+Alt+F1

and log in there, type

sudo service lightdm restart

and then press

Ctrl+Alt+F7

and see if it helps.


Do you mean you want to see shut down messages?

Usually all you need to do is to press Esc when the Ubuntu logo shows up.


Install MS fonts without using ttf-mscorefonts-installer

If you have the actual ttf-font files, you can copy them to ~/.fonts/ (or if you want them system-wide, to /usr/share/fonts/).


Disabling ntp.service for the boot, since it takes a long time

Network Time Protocol:

  NTP- is a protocol which runs over port 123 UDP at Transport Layer and allows computers to synchronize time over networks for an accurate time. While time is passing by, computers internal clocks tend to drift which can lead to inconsistent time issues, especially on servers and clients logs files or if you want to replicate servers resources or databases.

Commands:

Stop:

sudo systemctl stop ntp

Start:

sudo systemctl start ntp

Disable at start-up:

sudo systemctl disable ntp

Enable at start-up:

sudo systemctl enable ntp

Source:

http://www.tecmint.com/install-ntp-server-in-centos/


It looks like a conundrum, doesn't it? But there's a way out: Booting with nomodeset.

First assure you're booting in UEFI mode.

Press e to edit the Try Ubuntu... entry and type nomodeset after or instead of quiet splash. Obs.: The MSI Gaming 970 motherboard, depending on the revision, may need an additional parameter: iommu=soft.

Press F10 to boot the live session. nomodeset will force a compatible low graphics (low resolution) mode.

Install Ubuntu: How do I install Ubuntu?

In the first boot you'll need to repeat the process and add nomodeset or both. Then open dash and search for Additional Drivers. Select and apply the recommended Nvidia drivers version. Reboot.

The nomodeset parameter in no longer needed. The other parameter, iommu=soft, if required, will need to be made permanent. In terminal:

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

Change the line starting with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="iommu=soft"

Save, exit, reboot. Enjoy Ubuntu!


1. The console way:

If you want to move/copy from .directory to the Desktop:

mv /path/to/.directory/filename ~/Desktop
cp /path/to/.directory/filename ~/Desktop

Alternatively, if you want to move/copy from the Desktop into .directory:

mv ~/Desktop/filename /path/to/.directory
cp ~/Desktop/filename /path/to/.directory

The difference between mv and cp is:

mv will move a file (the file at origin gets destroyed).

cp will copy a file (you get to keep the file at origin).

2. The GUI way:

Open your file manager and activate Show hidden files (Ctrl+H on PcManFM and many others). You can then navigate any hidden directories and drag and drop your file to its intended destination.


Stuck when trying to install/upgrade packages

All I had to do was to execute:

sudo dpkg --purge --force-depends "gimp*"

The solution was really in this earlier question.


Using avconv to convert an avi video file to mkv

I ended up using the following command, though there may be better solutions:

avconv -i input_movie_name.avi -c copy output_movie_name.mp4

I had to use mp4, as mkv was giving me issues.


Have to mount the "data" partition every time

You can do that by editing your /etc/fstab file.

Excerpt from SOURCE:

  A root filesystem:

UUID=30fcb748-ad1e-4228-af2f-951e8e7b56df / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro,noatime 0 1

  A non-root file system, ext2:

/dev/sdb1 /media/disk2 ext2 defaults 0 2

  fat16 and fat32

/dev/hda2 /media/data1 vfat defaults,user,exec,uid=1000,gid=100,umask=000 0 0

/dev/sdb1 /media/data2 vfat defaults,user,dmask=027,fmask=137 0 0

  ntfs

  This example is perfect for a Windows partition.

/dev/hda2 /media/windows ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.utf8 0 0


This is currently happening to me, but until the answer is posted, when your computer boots up, press esc. Press the button next to "Boot Devices" or F9 and select "ubuntu" from the menu, press enter, then you should be okay! If the ubuntu option shows 2 options, try both. If nothing happens on any of the options, I don't know what to say.


Unable to load graphic environment, an X server problem

Hold down the Shift key while your computer is booting up, and don't let go until it actually shows the grub menu

choose recovery mode and from there update your system using sudo apt-get update and check for the problem by reviewing dmesg


I suggest you upgrade to a Ubuntu Trusty Tahr and install Audacity. Procedure:

Switch on your computer.
Press and hold the Shift key, which will bring up the Grub menu.
Select Advanced options.
Select the last option ending with (recovery mode).
A recovery kernel will load. It can take up to a few minutes (depends of your hardware)
Your PC should display a menu with a number of options.
Select Drop to root shell prompt.
In the prompt, run:

mount -o remount,rw /
mount --all
nano /etc/apt/sources.list

A file will open up. Delete it's content.
Paste the following:

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed universe multiverse restricted main

Ctrl + U, paste text. Ctrl + O, save file. Ctrl + X, close nano.
Run these commands at the prompt:

apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade
apt-get -f install
dpkg --configure -a
apt-get autoremove
apt-get install audacity
apt-get clean
reboot


Overall, that is just a report that it issues while it hasn't loaded the boot screen, if you press any of the f(#) buttons you will see the boot log, and you will see a lot more of those. It is not an error, it is just a report in the log that it successfully loaded a particular sector/file. There really is no way to remove it, as it is just what is in the background while the system boots


Why is the middle button mapped to pasting?

The middle mouse button is mapped to paste the current X-selection, which is normally whatever text is selected. This happens because back in the early days of gui's there was disagreement about how copy/paste should work. Some wanted there to be an explicit command to move something into the copy buffer, others wanted whatever was selected to be moved in there automatically. The makers of X11 (way back when these disagreements were still going strong in the 1980's) decided to implement both and make both sides happy, putting mouse-3 to paste the current selection and ctrl-c/ctrl-v for the copy and paste more commonly found today.

As to how to stop it the unfortunate truth is that you cannot without either patching X or disabling the middle-mouse button all together (which can be done by running

xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 25 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"

or by putting the line pointer = 1 25 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 in your ~/.xmodmap file).

My advice would be stick it out. The X-selection copy functionality is actually quite useful in many places and it is one of those things you quickly get used it.


How do I get an Atheros AR9485 wireless card working?

About a year before, I was having problems with that same Atheros AR9485 on my Ubuntu "Natty Narwhal". Back then, Ubuntu not even recognized that hardware as integrated to the computer. I purchased a cheap USB wireless network adapter that has worked excellent on Ubuntu; it has the form of a USB pendrive, and I connect it through an extension wire (I read that for health purposes is better to place it 15 cm. far to your body).

The name of the adapter is "Realtek RTL8187B WLAN Adapter". --it works pretty good in Ubuntu by just conecting it to USB port.
If you buy an adapter, I recomend you to take your laptop to the store and ask to try the adapter right there before buying it.

Today I have upgraded to Ubuntu Precise Pangolin LTS and now the atheros works..., but with that same problems you mentioned. So I prefer to go back to my Realtek adapter. I did it by disconnecting the Atheros network and allowing the Realtek:

1----Connect the adapter on USB port

2----left click in the network icon (on the top right of your screen)

3----click on "disconnect" atheros

4----click on "connect" the Realtek adapter (or whatever wireless adapter you have)

There is another method, but I haven't try it:

1----Obtain the Windows driver for your Atheros network card. (You can download it in
     the official website of your computer)

2----Locate the specific file that ends with ".inf "

3----Install "ndisgtk" --use your linux repositories--.

4----Open ndisgtk

5----Select "install new driver"

6----choose the location of your windows ".inf" file and click "install"

7----click o.k.

    for more information on this method google: "ndisgtk"


After some messing around, it seems this issue was caused by the RAID not being setup on the partitions of the disk.

The RAID was created using the command:

mdadm --create /dev/md0 --metadata 1.2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd

Creating partitions and changing it to:

mdadm --create /dev/md0 --metadata 1.2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1


Ubuntu 20.04: some services fail during boot (files missing)

So it seems I have fixed the problem (with some help from my friend).
Steps:
I typed dpkg -S checkroot this resulted in the following:
mountall: /etc/init/checkroot-bootclean.sh.conf
initscripts: /etc/init.d/checkroot-bootclean.sh
mountall: /etc/init/checkroot.sh.conf
initscripts: /etc/init.d/checkroot.sh

This made me surprised, as I remember that initscripts package was only provided in Xenial. There is no reason for it to be still present on Focal.
Mountall (according to https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=mountall&searchon=all&suite=all&section=all) should also not be present in Focal.
So what I have done was:
sudo apt purge initscripts
sudo apt purge mountall

That removed a lot of files from /etc/init.d - many being those problematic ones, that gave me headaches.
I rebooted my machine.
The output of systemctl --failed is now as follows:
  UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
0 loaded units listed.

Which is what I was aiming for.


Files/directory with root owner in /home

.gvfs is a virtual file system for gnome. Leave this as it is; mess with it and your system probably (most likely) will fail to work as intended.
.install4j is a java installer builder. Can be removed but it will depend on why you installed it and if you still need it.
.rpmdb is the RPM package database. If you do not use the Redhat package manager then you can remove it. If you do (it is related to the alien package) leave it as it is.


How to find out what Graphics Card is present in your system?

The quickest (non-graphical) way to this is to run lspci | grep VGA in a terminal.

If you want you can also install hardinfo
 on your system, and when you launch it (system benchmark and profiler in the system menu), you can find your graphics information easily.

See this image for an example.


i want install Keyboard Layout Editor on ubuntu 15.4 , but i get errors :(

"Temporary failure in name resolution" means your connection dropped. Try again over wired Internet, or on a different network.


Cannot update after install master-pdf-editor

If you opened and installed the .deb via the software center you can simply click the reinstall button in the upper right corner as shown here:

Alternatively you can find the location that you downloaded it to with sudo find / -name "master-pdf-editor*"
The result in my case is:
/tmp/mozilla_me0/master-pdf-editor-4.1.30_qt5.amd64.deb
Your path and filename will be different (I'm using the 64-bit version.)
and simply reinstall with dpkg for example.
`sudo dpkg -i /tmp/mozilla_me0/master-pdf-editor-4.1.30_qt5.amd64.deb
Update: It appears that master-pdf-editor went commercial on or about version 5 in April of 2019 as reported here.


How to play blu ray .mkv files on ubuntu 20.04 LTS?

Install VLC and its Blu-ray support on Ubuntu.
Open a terminal window and run the following commands in order. You can copy and paste them into a terminal window using your mouse.
sudo apt-get install vlc libaacs0 libbluray-bdj libbluray1

mkdir -p ~/.config/aacs/

cd ~/.config/aacs/
wget --no-check-certificate http://vlc-bluray.whoknowsmy.name/files/KEYDB.cfg


How to turn off the lock screen completely on ubuntu 18.04

There is a Gnome Shell extension that takes care of this issue. The easiest way to install it in Ubuntu is:

Launch Ubuntu Software application.
Search for “Disable Screen Shield”.
Install it.

If you already disabled Automatic Screen Lock in Settings > Privacy, it should work as expected after the screen goes blank due to inactivity: you'll see your desktop straight away.


What does sudo apt-get install curl command do? Why does it require the password?

First let's look at each part of the command individually:

sudo is short for "substitute user do" and executes commands as another user. Most commonly, it is used to temporarily become "root" (Linux equivalent of admin). Software installation would not work without sudo in the front. This is the part of the command that needs your password. For security reasons, you should always try to use sudo rather than straight-up logging in as root.
apt-get is one program in the apt suite, which deals with software installation and management. Linux distributions typically feature a package manager that is used to install, configure, and remove software; Ubuntu uses apt as described here.
install tells apt-get to install a package on your computer. The command will search through your repositories (typically just the official Ubuntu repositories via the internet) for a package, download it, copy it to your computer, and configure it. For more specifics see this question.
curl tells apt-get what package to install. Specifically, curl is a data transfer program, and is commonly used to download websites or files via the command line. More details available on its manpage.

So, putting everything together, you are going to download the package curl from the internet and install it by giving the apt-get program root privileges.

As Calimo noted in his comment, you should be careful executing random terminal commands you find on the internet. And you should be VERY careful executing any command that starts with sudo, since it has the potential to damage the really important parts of your system.


How to remove GUI on Ubuntu Server 16.04?

From the tested comments discussion this is done use systemd disable argument:

$ systemctl disable lightdm.service


Go to Settings, Users, then you unlock your user. After that you turn off the option to enter automatically in your account. I think that is that, 'cause my Ubuntu is not in English. Hope that it solved your problem.


Hmmmm.... Maybe installing openjdk will solve this?

sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jre

Hope this helps.


In newer systems ( Ubuntu 13.10 and up, Arch, etc.) the version of the xorg input driver shipped no longer supports utilizing gestures using the synclient driver. However, there is a workaround to make this workable. Follow the steps below to install a forked version of the xorg input driver.
Install a Working xserver-xorg-input-synaptics Driver

Ubuntu 13.10, Mint 16, and Up

First download the following dependencies

sudo apt-get install build-essential libevdev-dev autoconf automake libmtdev-dev xorg-dev xutils-dev libtool

Now, we need to remove the old driver so the new one will overwrite it

sudo apt-get remove xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

Then, clone the source and build the new driver!

git clone https://github.com/felipejfc/xserver-xorg-input-synaptics.git

cd xserver-xorg-input-synaptics/

./autogen.sh

./configure --exec_prefix=/usr

make

sudo make install

When this completes, reboot and make sure your pointer works.
Arch Linux

Installation on Arch is much easier. Simply grab the package from the AUR and reboot!
yaourt xf86-input-synaptics-xswipe-git
sudo reboot

Make sure your pointer works as expected after a reboot
Setting up xSwipe

First install the dependencies.
     sudo apt-get install libx11-guitest-perl

Then enable SHMConfig to allow for handling of the gestures.
     mkdir /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/

 sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf

Fill the file with the following and save it!

  Section "InputClass"

  Identifier "evdev touchpad catchall"

  Driver "synaptics"

  MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"

  MatchIsTouchpad "on"

  Option "Protocol" "event"

  Option "SHMConfig" "on"

  EndSection

Now clone xSwipe to a location of your choose.

 git clone https://github.com/iberianpig/xSwipe.git

And change the eventkey.cfg file to your favourite Gesture.
Ignore the ubuntu and gnome sections for unity and cinnnamon.and add your gestures in 'other' part of file.

 cd xSwipe/
 nano eventkey.cfg

Now test by running:

 perl xSwipe.pl

Try to swipe with different gestrues and If they are, you may now add the script to your start up programs depending on your environment. After it is added, reboot and you should have working multitouch gestures!
Enable Natural Scrolling (Optional)

The last step to take is to fix scrolling broken by the SHMConfig. I prefer natural (reverse) scrolling so this is necessary. This step is not necessary if you prefer traditional scrolling. First, create a file called .Xmodmap in your home directory
       cd ~
      nano .Xmodmap

Fill the file with the following to enable natural scrolling. (Note: In mint, this doesnt work in system apps for some odd reason, but in Arch it works fine)
pointer = 1 2 3 5 4 7 6 8 9 10 11 12

Save the file and restart your session. Your trackpad is now all set up!

Update: This seems to take about an hour out of my battery life. To get around this, I change the sensitivity with the parameter -m 30.

Credits:http://blog.mpiannucci.com/view/multitouchgesture


How to fix VMware Workstation 9 installation on ubuntu 12.10?

I have just downloaded the version 9.0.1.

The problem is solved for me in this latest version. Try installing it!


Black screen with nVidia drivers on ubuntu

I've finally solved my problem!
For people who have the same problem like I had, here is the solution:

I recommend to make a fresh install of your system, if you already have an issue with drivers.

Boot up Ubuntu and make sure you're connected on the internet.
Open a terminal with Ctrl + Alt + F1
Login and here is what you have to type in terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install linux-source
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo reboot

After reboot, repeat step 2. You'll need here an internet connection, again. Run these commands:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current-updates
sudo nvidia-xconfig
sudo reboot

It is very important to run nvidia-xconfig! If you don't run it, you'll crash your system!

After you've done this, you'll have a working nVidia graphics driver. Cheers!


You can try pressing Ctrl + Alt + Del at the same time... That helped me to shut down and reboot again... I hope that helps you too.


XPS 9370 thermal throttling ubuntu 18.04

There is a solution for this for Lenovo laptops and it also works for my XPS 9370.

Install the following script and configure it with a maximum temperature of 97C: https://github.com/erpalma/lenovo-throttling-fix

On my XPS it now manages to sustain between 2.8 and 3.0 Ghz with temp between 97-99C depending on ambient.  It no longer scales back to 2.2-2.4 Ghz with temps of 80C.

Do not specify a max temp of more than 97C unless you are willing to edit the Python script as it has a hard-coded check to ensure sane defaults and the service fails.


How to connect Bluetooth headphones to Laptop?

First install all updates sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Reboot

If you have already paired the device, I would do in terminal
wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/pylover/d68be364adac5f946887b85e6ed6e7ae/raw/d698974910bbb7d016ec0ad08c1bf41b4b524364/a2dp.py
alias headphones="a2dp.py 04:52:C7:0D:C5:69"

Then whenever you want to use the headphones in A2DP audio, in terminal enter
headphones

There is a bug in either Bluez or Pulseaudio that makes it difficult to switch audio profiles from HSP/HFP to A2DP without switching the audio profile to off, then disconnect, reconnect and then switch to A2DP.  The a2dp.py script automates this process


Why are the outputs of `sort`, `sort k 1`, `sort k 1,1` equal?

From info sort

   Many options affect how ‘sort’ compares lines; if the results are
unexpected, try the ‘--debug’ option to see what happened.  A pair of
lines is compared as follows: ‘sort’ compares each pair of fields, in
the order specified on the command line, according to the associated
ordering options, until a difference is found or no fields are left.  If
no key fields are specified, ‘sort’ uses a default key of the entire
line.  Finally, as a last resort when all keys compare equal, ‘sort’
compares entire lines as if no ordering options other than ‘--reverse’
(‘-r’) were specified.  The ‘--stable’ (‘-s’) option disables this
“last-resort comparison” so that lines in which all fields compare equal
are left in their original relative order.  The ‘--unique’ (‘-u’) option
also disables the last-resort comparison.

So to achieve your desired result (bearing in mind your first field is numeric)

$ sort -s -k1,1n file
1 c
1 b
5 f
8 a


Unable to kill process with 'kill -9' whose PPID=1 and using 100% of CPU?

You could try the SysRq method: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key#.22Raising_Elephants.22_mnemonic_device

You want to run them in a certain order as described in the wiki article: R E I S U B


Can't install latest supertuxkart version on 18.04

There are two font packages required which do not exist in the 18.04 repos.
Namely, fonts-noto-ui-core and fonts-noto-core.
Fortunately, the eoan versions of the packages are installable on 18.04
Download them from the links above, install them with gdebi, then supertuxkart installs.
Happy karting!


MAAS enlistment doesn't work, datasource not found, can't boot off of UEFI PXE

I have found the issue after a long bout of fighting with the server. Apparently the PostgreSQL database had bad data in it, sending out false metadata to the hosts and multitudes more confusion. How it happened is beyond me, but I have migrated to a more ideal virtualized setup and it now works flawlessly along with Landscape. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯


Desktop sharing stopped working on Ubuntu 12.04

I found the solution: ~/.Xauthority was locked. I solved it by deleting via SSH these two files:

~/.Xauthority-c
~/.Xauthority-l

After reboot, vino-server started working again as shown by the command ps aux | grep "vino"


GNU/Linux Ubuntu 20.04.1 - linux-image-5.4.0-56-generic - linux-headers-5.4.0-56-generic breaks AMDGPU drivers

Good news is even AMD has acknowledged the issue, they even added the problem in their release notes of their latest GNU/Linux drivers, they advised to do not upgrade to this kernel as AMDGPU needs amdgpu-dkms in order to work properly. They are working with the GNU/Linux Ubuntu devs to understand what happened and hopefully fix the issue in the near future. More info here in the known issues section: https://www.amd.com/en/support/kb/release-notes/rn-amdgpu-unified-linux-20-45


See splint - a GPL rewrite of lint.

However, splint does not fully support C99.

It is recommended to use cppcheck.


su Authentication failure when switching to non-root with password

Your su is missing the setuid bit for some reason. Without it, su doesn't have the access need to authenticate and switch to another user. I assume your system is broken in more ways if that's the case, but this particular problem can be solved using:
sudo chmod u+s /usr/bin/su


Touchpad isn't working on anything but windows

Go into a terminal and type in 'xinput list', see if a touchpad is listed. if not, it hasn't been detected. If it is there, however, there may be some configuring to do.


Bluescreen issues in windows 10 after dualbooting with Ubuntu

Correlation is not causation:
Unless you installed Ubuntu On Windows, which you obviously didn't as you're dual booting:

Ubuntu doesn't need Windows to run
Ubuntu doesn't touch Windows to run (only the Windows boot loader gets replaced)
Ubuntu doesn't use your Windows partition to do anything but store data (if and only if you actually mount the Windows partition)

So unless you went into the mounted Windows partition to delete files, Ubuntu cannot be the cause of the BSOD, so you should look into Windows itself for the cause, which makes your question off-topic here, but still on-topic over on https://superuser.com, a sister site to Ask Ubuntu.
Sorry!


Cannot format flash drive due to write protection

See if there is a switch on it.  If there is try moving it.  If not continue reading.

I had two flash drives that this happened to.  I've tried everything available, and nothing worked.  Formatting with Linux, adjusting registry settings in Window, nothing.  Until I came across OnBlay.

OnBelay. Download, install and use it to try and low-level format the drive. If it works, great, otherwise your USB flash drive, well...  OnBlay is a windows application, since you mentioned that you're running Windows as well.

If it doesn't work, I would recommend just going out and purchasing a new USB drive.

Note: It only worked on one of my drives, and I had to buy another one.  Hope it will help you.


Not reliably, whether the upgrade was successful or not. Attempting to do so would take an awful lot of time and cross-checking. I strongly suggest backing up everything in and under /home then do a wipe-and-reinstall, as the quickest and most reliable path back to the stable system you prize.


To solve nautilus error try with:
I sort this problem creating a group call admin:

sudo groupadd admin

Check that the admin group is part of the sudoers:

sudo cat /etc/sudoers

Now you add your user to the admin group :

sudo usermod -aG admin username

you can check if your user is part of the group :

sudo cat /etc/group | grep '^admin'

Source: How to enable user sharing per instructions?

sMl


How to fix Ubuntu 12.04.3 boot to black screen full of errors in white text, after upgrading on dell inspiron 1501

After lots of rigorous searching I was able to discover someone else having the same problem who realized that the Dell Inspiron 1501, although mostly advertised as a 64-bit laptop with a 64-bit processor (and all of my research confirmed the processor to be 64-bit, but I guess I never looked as hard as I should have), was in fact not fully 64-bit capable and there was a missing 32-bit package in (all but 12.10) the Ubuntu installation that breaks the kernel image... or something.
But I remember for sure that it's a missing 32-bit dependency and does something to the kernel.
So I was able to solve this issue by installing a 32-bit version of Ubuntu.


Can we add an Ubuntu partition to a drive containing a Windows 10 storage pool?

No, it is impossible to add a partition to a drive being a member of a Windows "Storage Space" or "Storage Pool" as this is for physical drives rather than partitions (similar to a RAID). There also is no way to get access to such a Storage Space from Ubuntu.

To make use of the drive we have no other choice than to backup all files of that drive to an external disk, reformat the drive with a traditional partition scheme, and restore the files form backup.

How this is done in Windows is shown in my corresponding Q&A on Super User.


What is the use of ''sudo dpkg --verify''?

From manpage of dpkg:

--verify [package name]

Verifies the  integrity  of  package-name  or  all  packages  if omitted,  by comparing information from the files installed by a package with the files metadata information stored in  the  dpkg database  (since dpkg 1.17.2).  The origin of the files metadata information in the database is the binary  packages  themselves. That  metadata  gets collected at package unpack time during the installation process.
Currently the only  functional  check  performed  is  an  md5sum verification  of  the  file contents against the stored value in the files database.  It will only get checked  if  the  database contains  the  file md5sum. To check for any missing metadata in the database, the --audit command can be used.

Since you haven't provided any package name, it will check all files' md5sum against the values stored in file database. This might take a very long time. So, its better to run it with some specific package name at a time.
The output here is because of some errors.

? indicated that file can't be checked because of permissions
c denoted that this is a configuration file
5 means verification failed


How do I determine whether bumblebee is working as expected?

To get the graphics card model, install mesa-utils .Remember the graphics card model won't be nvidia one. It will be intel, because in nvidia optimus the nvidia card isn't exposed directly. Nvidia card is wired via the intel one

--no-install-recommends prevent certain packages from being installed, mainly the nvidia driver.

You need to follow the instruction for getting it worked. If you don't install the correct driver, it may fail while loading. What is the problem in installing the driver? the driver won't be used unless you use optirun

Regarding, 2nd question. I really don't know the exact answer.

After installation, my fan noise went down, battery life increased very much. I think that is the indication that powersaving is working.

You can use dmesg to know what is happening. On reboot try

dmesg | grep bbswitch

you will see somthing like below

[   25.305974] bbswitch: version 0.4.2
[   25.305983] bbswitch: Found integrated VGA device 0000:00:02.0: \_SB_.PCI0.GFX0
[   25.305991] bbswitch: Found discrete VGA device 0000:01:00.0: \_SB_.PCI0.PEG0.PEGP
[   25.306182] bbswitch: detected an Optimus _DSM function
[   25.306192] bbswitch: Succesfully loaded. Discrete card 0000:01:00.0 is on
[   25.325482] bbswitch: disabling discrete graphics
[   25.325620] bbswitch: Result of Optimus _DSM call: 11000059

As I can see, in your previous question, Lekensteyn assures you about power management. He is the developer of bumblebee


What Is A kernel and how do I remove unused Kernels?

From wikipedia

  The Linux kernel is the operating system kernel used by the Linux
  family of Unix-like operating systems. It is a prominent example of
  free and open source software. The Linux kernel is released under the
  GNU General Public License version 2, and is developed by contributors
  worldwide

It is the heart of linux and any linux distribution is depend on it

while ubuntu is being updated every day. The linux kernel is also updated. So you have a couple of old archived kernels in your boot partition and you can safely remove them using this command:

sudo apt-get purge $(dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/ii/{print $2}' | grep -ve "$(uname -r | sed -r 's/-[a-z]+//')")


Don't feel bad, it's a bug in OpenSSL! I found it when trying to use OpenSSL as a shared library, hope this fix helps :)

https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/744

dot-asm commented on 26 Feb

Somewhere in the beginning of crypto/poly1305/asm/poly1305-x86_64.pl you can find

.globl  poly1305_init
.globl  poly1305_blocks
.globl  poly1305_emit

Adding following lines should help

.hidden poly1305_blocks
.hidden poly1305_emit

Test and report back.


How do you clean a juju controller disk or make it larger?

I don't know yet about cleaning the database, but I did figure out how to make the root file system larger.  My cloud structure is vmware and I made the virtual disk larger and rebooted the controller.  The default behaviour for the cloud-init process is to expand the root partition if the disk grows and to resize the root file system to match.


problems with backup and tar in command line

Having put your error through Google translate, the problem is (obviously enough) a question of permissions. Next time, please either translate the error messages or —even better—prepend LC_ALL=C to any command you run so the errors can be in English.

Anyway, the error is:

$ cd /usr ; tar zcvf include.tar.gz include
tar (child): include.tar.gz: Cannot open: Permission denied
tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
include/
include/cairomm-1.0/
include/cairomm-1.0/cairomm/
include/cairomm-1.0/cairomm/win32_surface.h
include/cairomm-1.0/cairomm/surface.h

This is because you are trying to run this from the /usr directory and are specifying that the archive should be created in /usr as well. To avoid this, either give a path for the tar ball:

mkdir ~/backup; cd /usr ; tar zcvf ~/backup/include.tar.gz include

Or, even better, don't cd to /usr at all:

mkdir ~/backup; tar zcvf ~/backup/include.tar.gz /usr/include


Why do some applications via the terminal detach automatically and some don't?

As has been pointed out in the comments, such behavior is specific to each application. Applications written in C programming language, for example, can employ setsid call to disconnect from controlling terminal, although they require call to fork() syscall first. Python, also has os.setsid() and os.fork() functions; although it is possible to simply use os.fork() to create a child process and kill the parent.

Another very frequent technique that software authors use is launching applications via wrapper script, and calling a new process via nohup. That's exactly what atom does:

$ file $(which atom)
/usr/bin/atom: Bourne-Again shell script, ASCII text executable
$ grep 'nohup' $(which atom)
    nohup "$ATOM_PATH" --executed-from="$(pwd)" --pid=$$ "$@" > "$ATOM_HOME/nohup.out" 2>&1
      cat "$ATOM_HOME/nohup.out"

You can do so as well. For instance,  the way I tend to launch programs and detach them from terminal is via a function, that launches desired program with nohup already appended to the command:

runstuff() {
    nohup "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1 &
}

Once you define that in your .bashrc , you can launch firefox like so :

runstuff firefox

Another way, is via setsid command (which is named same as the C system call, but is actually a standalone binary):

setsid firefox


Is there something like bluestacks for linux / ubuntu?

You can run android x86 on virtual box. Android x86 can also run as standalone operating system on x86 computers.
Here is android x86
 and VirtualBox


Cloning an encrypted hard disk to a different computer

It is just to clone and use the same method used to decrypt.

One possible problem in a newer system is with library versions and package names that might have been changed.


How to transfer a file from my Ubuntu Server in VirtualBox to my local Ubuntu machine?

To connect to my server I'm using ssh xander@127.0.0.1 -p 2222

Within SCP the port must be provided too - note here the port option is capital -P, and this option must be placed at the beginning of the command:

scp -P 2222 xander@127.0.0.1:/file/to/copy /local/destination/

IMO, for such tasks rsync is better, faster and robust (more explanations):

rsync -e 'ssh -p 2222' --progress user@remotehost:/file/to/copy /local/destination/

At all, I would prefer setup bridged connection for the virtual machine, thus it will have its own IP address in my local network

In addition I would advice you to setup ssh key based authentication and .ssh/config file - here is a short list with references about this:

Filezilla or WinSCP alternative for Ubuntu
How to raise up a Rsync environment on WSL to mirror changes from PC to VPS?
Permission denied when trying to run a script that uses 'sshpass'


does overwriting a built-in command cost me too much speed in the long run?

Obvious answer: Try it. Prepare by being ready to undo the change.

I use:

At the very beginning of my ~/.bash_aliases (sourced from ~/.bashrc):

declare -i is_interactive
case $- in
  *i*) is_interactive=1 ;;
  *) is_interactive=0;;
esac

And, later,

if [[ $is_interactive -eq 1 ]] ; then
# from the "xttitle(1)" man page - put info in window title
update_title()
{
    [[ $TERM = xterm ]] || [[ $TERM = xterm-color ]]  && xttitle "[$$] ${USER}@${HOSTNAME}:$PWD"
}

cd()
{
    [[ -z "$*" ]] && builtin cd $HOME
    [[ -n "$*" ]] && builtin cd "$*"
    update_title
}

On all my systems, by reflex, (5x Desktops, 4x Laptops), some old, and I've never noticed any time lag. YMMV, depending on how much work you do before and after the real cd.


If your carbitray compiler installation (or toolchain) comes with a lib folder, you can try to set the library path (see http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html)

$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/your/compiler/lib

or execute the binary like this:

$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/your/compiler/lib ./yourapp

But this may be only a part of your problem. If the libraries of your compiler/toolchain are also using additional shared libraries you need to install them as well.

A proper toolchain packages sould contain a folder like x86_64-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib. This folder should contain the shared libraries required for your compiled application.


Amarok is set up to use the X keycode "Media play" as a global shortcut for play/pause. Sometimes, however, your keyboard configuration may not be properly recognized for whatever reason - in which case, you can specify it manually. To do this, follow the instructions below:

Open Amarok
Select Settings from the menu and choose the Configure shortcuts submenu.
Type "play" in the filter box. This will filter display all possible shortcuts that has the word "play" in it.

You will see a few items named something with "play", and one of them will be Play/pause.

You will also see three columns: Shortcut, Alternate and Global. The two first are valid only when Amarok is in focus - that means whenever you are inside Amarok and fiddling around. The Global keyboard shortcut, however, will work regardless of whether Amarok is minimized, in the notification area or you have it open.

Press the little triangle in the Global column for the play/pause entry. This may already have the words Media play shown (this is the current shortcut for this action - if you have a proper media keyboard, the play button will usually trigger this action in Amarok).
With the entry now expanded, click the button after "Custom" that says "None". When you have clicked it, it is in "recording" mode, so press the key you want to be assigned to this function. When it is released, it should show up on the button you just clicked, next to the text "Custom". Make sure this also selects the radio box for Custom and then click Apply.


Network Card not initializing before startup programs.

You might be able to do that by launching a shell script at startup instead of Firefox. The shell script can pause for X seconds (to allow the network to finish loading) then launch Firefox. Try this:

#!/bin/bash

# pause for 30 seconds
sleep 30s

firefox %u

Make sure the shell script is executable. You can do that by checking the "Is executable" checkbox in the Properties page from your favorite file manager. Or you can use the chmod command, like this:

chmod +x StartFF.sh


Do not name your script "pygments.py". Secondly if you did the above and consequently change the name of the script, you may still get an import error caused by the Byte-compiled python script called "pygments.pyc", you will need to change the name of the script and delete the old byte-compiled script called "pygments.pyc"


How to merge unallocated partition to linux partition

Follow these Steps to Allocate the unallocated Space to your linux partition.

It is because GParted does not let you to resize/move the extended partition because of the swap partition that is inside it is on, so you have to switch it off by booting an Ubuntu Live cd and start Gparted.

To Switch off the swap partition :- select "Swapoff" from the extended volume, then you will be able to move the extended partition. You might need to use "Edit → Apply All Operations" for Swapoff to have effect.

After this you can shift the unallocated space inside the extended volume, then resize the /dev/sda5 volume to add the unallocated space.

P.S. Do take backup before doing these tasks.


How do I stop the unity side bar from apearing when I try to drag & drop?

In system settings under launcher and menus you can select "Show the launcher when the pointer touches the top left of the screen"

This will now mean you will not see the launcher until you move the mouse pointer to the top left.

I hope this helps


If you have a 64 bit O.S., you should try installing this package in Software Center:

Hope it helps.

How do I install Adobe Flash player?


CPU useage spikes when I unplug external monitor

Follow suggestions from @denzel to run journalctl -f while unplugging got me:

systemd-logind[772]: Suspending...
systemd-logind[772]: Unit suspend.target is masked, refusing operation.
systemd-logind[772]: Failed to execute suspend operation: Permission denied

So I googled a bit and found this answer askubuntu.com/a/1180519/1132566 Which seemed to fix the issue.


It is relatively easy to do in KDE - one would need a script in QML language to do it. However, it will be an intended functionality, not a hack. Just go to /usr/share/kde4/apps/plasma/wallpapers/org.kde.animals and adapt the script to your needs.
As per this page the script

import QtQuick 1.0

Rectangle {
 width: animation.width; height: animation.height

 AnimatedImage { id: animation; source: "animation.gif" }

}

should actually be enough to start with. copy org.kde.animals folder to some new name or edit it in place. There are only two relevant files in it. Browse them, it will be easy to understand. Note that you can add reaction to mouse clicks or specific timing.


How can I see my keyboard layout in the panel?

From 10.10 the keyboard indicator applet is shown in the panel as soon as more than one layout was defined. For additional hints on configuration see also @Stefano Palazzo's answer to a similar question.


Wireless Driver for Broadcom BCM 4312 will not stay connected to a wireless network

Using the ethernet temporarily, please open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer
sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source

Detach the ethernet, reboot and tell us if the wireless is working as expected.


Updated 13.04 to 13.10 to bet VLC 2.1.0 but I'm stuck on 2.0.9

This PPA currently only has VLC 2.0.8 for Ubuntu 13.10. See the PPA's package details
 page for what packages are available.


NVIDIA proprietary driver logging me to console instead of GUI

There are a number of problems with the nVidia drivers that are contained within the 12.04 repositories (check ubuntuforums.org and do a search).

I have had two nVidia cards, neither of which worked with the standard drivers. There is a PPA that seems to work very well, and may fix your problem.

Since you are already at a console, please execute the following commands. When you execute the commands, you will need to provide your password (which will appear blank). You will also be asked to confirm the commands (after a brief display). You may press the Enter key to confirm the commands:

The following will add the repository to your source list:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates

The following will update your software repository list:

sudo apt-get update

The following will add the nvidia driver from the PPA:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

The following will update your x-windows configuration:

sudo nvidia-xconfig

The following will reboot your system:

sudo reboot

If all goes well, the new nVidia drivers will be installed and you will have the graphical desktop.

If you select Dash, then type nvidia, you will get the nvidia settings program. You may adjust the settings appropriate for your nVidia card here.

Hope this helps,


Upgrade experiences from 8.04 LTS to 10.04 LTS?

I have tested this myself on a VM. And as Andrew said, this was heavily tested before the release.


Shortcuts and transparency in Kubuntu Oneiric

KDE plasma desktop: http://userbase.kde.org/Plasma

1) Do you have the plasma widget / plasmoid "Show Desktop" on your panel ?

With it you could add the shortcut

2) K > Applications > Help >Application Manuals > Settings > Menu Editor

ie. with the Dolphin; Menu Editor - Advanced tab: Current shortcut key

  is there a way to disable the transparency of the bottom panel?

Earlier: How to change color/transparency of all desktop panels?


If you have no data on the hard drive, insert a live cd and reinstall.


Hello am just a beginner with ubuntu 19.4, but i have already fallen in errors while trying to install netbeans and LAMP

It seems to be telling you that, in addition to apache2, you need to install the apache2-bin and apache2-utils packages.

I'd also suggest installing apache2-doc, the Apache documentation package.

After installation, you can use dpkg -L packagename to see what files are in the package.


Why am I unable to install,remove or upgrade packages?

Try:

apt-get --purge remove postgresql\*

It helped me. I had same problem. Command differs with suggestion at the end '\*'.


How do I disable Unity Dash search features like wiki and other websites?

You can disable the online searches very simply by setting this in the 'Security and Privacy' settings:


unable to print to Linux network printer access denied

Add this line to the [global] stanza of smb.conf and see if it goes away:

use client driver = yes


All kinds of music players cannot play m4a files, throwing "Your GStreamer installation is missing a plug-in."

A recent update in Ubuntu 16.04 caused the problem of being unable to play m4a files. The .m4a files are alac which would be decoded by gstreamer1.0-libav. That plug-in is broken and the bug has been reported here. A updated version of gstreamer1.0-libav has been uploaded to the unofficial UbuntuUpdates website, but it has not been officially released by Canonical.

Update: An updated version of gstreamer1.0-libav (gstreamer1.0-libav 1.8.3-1ubuntu0.2) that  plays m4a files in Rhythmbox has been officially released as a software update in Ubuntu 16.04.

m4a files can still be played normally in Audacious, Audacity and VLC. The best choice of media player to play them is Audacious music player from the default Ubuntu repositories because you can quickly and easily add your entire music library to Audacious (File -> Add Files…) and also create playlists.

It doesn't seem worthwhile to convert the m4a files to another format, because the problem will be fixed by another update. In fact the update that fixed this bug was released 4 days after this answer was originally posted. Meanwhile I recommend playing m4a files in Audacious which is unaffected by the bug.


Download the PDFsam Zip archive, extract it wherever you want, make the jar-file executable and then start it.

Or

Open a terminal and paste the following commands.

wget 'http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pdfsam/pdfsam/2.2.1/pdfsam-2.2.1-out.zip?r=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdfsam.org%2F%3Fpage_id%3D32&ts=1347454695&use_mirror=freefr'
unzip -d pdfsam pdfsam-2.2.1-out.zip\?r=http:%2F%2Fwww.pdfsam.org%2F\?page_id=32\&ts=1347454695\&use_mirror=freefr
cd pdfsam
java -jar pdfsam-2.2.1.jar


Use trap to add a handler for EXIT:

trap 'pwd > ~/.lwd' EXIT

This should handle both the exit command and CtrlD. The rest, you can do as with the alias.


Caps lock key won't switch between Hebrew and alternative characters

I just installed Hebrew keyboard, tried to enter ף ץ ת and ;,. using a Keyboard Layout Chart and did not encounter a problem. To show the chart, in status bar click the language icon > Keyboard Layout Chart.

If you need to display character from right bottom corner of the button on this chart, use combination with the Alt button on the right side Alt Gr. For example Alt Gr + > will give you comma: ",".

This chart will also tell you what characters will be displayed after using Shift (upper left side).

To activate alternative keys, go to main Ubuntu Settings > Keyboard and in the Shortcuts tab under Typing set Alternative Character Key to Caps Lock.


First install touchegg:

sudo apt-get install touchegg

Install the dependencies for the GUI tool (for TouchEgg) using this command

sudo apt-get install build-essential libqt4-dev libx11-6 libx11-dev

Download the GUI touchegg-gce from GitHub. Then:

  Change to the directory holding the .zip file.
  Issue the command unzip Touchegg-gce-master.zip to extract the file.
  Change into the Touchegg-gce-master folder.
  Issue the command qmake
  Issue the command make
  Copy the touchegg-gce file to /usr/bin

Source: How to Configure a Touchscreen on Linux

Under "Touchegg" it shows you how to configure the program, maybe this'll allow you to draw on your touchscreen. I am sorry I am unable to help further as I don't know much about this program.


How can I disable access to the File system for a  specific user or group?

You cannot have a user completely unable to read any of the filesystem, because they need to be able to load the executable files of the programs they run, read configuration files, etc.

However, you can certainly make folders or partitions unreadable to users.

sudo chmod -R o-rwx FOLDER

Will make a folder and its contents only readable to the root user (ensure your users do not have permission to use sudo or they will be able to see anything.

Some caveats should be noted. If the folder is a non-linux filesystem (a windows partition, or a FAT32 usb stick, for instance), the permissions will only last until it is unplugged/unmounted. (You can make these permanent using the /etc/fstab file, search AskUbuntu for instructions).

It should also be noted that these permissions are only enforced while Ubuntu is running. If the data is on a removeable drive, plugging it into another computer will allow restrictions to be ignored. If it is on an internal drive, physically removing it or booting another operating system (eg, Linux off a USB stick) will allow the restrictions to be circumvented. For true security you need to look into file or disk encryption.


Any really decent way to get three monitors?

Thanks to Geppetvs for his suggestion, but I have one that is up and running and working very well.

I have a Sapphire HD6770 fleX Edition card.

I believe any of the ATI "Eyefinity" cards would work. Most of them require a DisplayPort monitor to support 3 displays, or a DP->DVI adapter. The Sapphire fleX cards can work with 2xDVI + 1xHDMI (which can be easily converted to DVI - in fact they supply the adapter in the box).

This card supports 3 monitors with the open source "radeon" driver without any need to create or edit an xorg.conf file. Standard xrandr tools work with it. 3D acceleration is active (enough to run glxgears and compositing at least) and no xinerama is needed.

Hope this helps someone!

[P.S. This link was useful https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=116502&p=2 ]


Cannot get Window Session Manager to work

This is not a permanent fix, but as a workaround, I found that if you edit /usr/local/lib/node_modules/linux-window-session-manager/lib/utility.js and add

const fs = require('fs');

at the top, then lwsm should work for you.


Space used to preserve files across reboots? Unetbootin

You can either leave space to preserve files or simply set it to 0, so everything you do is erased upon reboot. Let's consider some factors:

1. Will you use your USB drive to store things other than the Live system?

2. Will you use the Live system just to test/install Ubuntu or will you use it to work?

If you're going to use the USB drive to work AND store files you could make two partitions out of it, one for the Live system/work files and another for storage.

If you're going to use it only to test/install Ubuntu and will store files, set the persistency size to 0 and make two partitions. If you eventually need to save a file inside the Live system simply save it in the other partition.

If you'll use it to work, you can max out the persistency.


As suggested by kk78 in this post, there is now an even better answer that doesn't have the sudo side effects:

dropbox stop && DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS="" dropbox start

So I copied* my desktop entry:

cp ~/.config/autostart/dropbox.desktop ~/.config/autostart/start_dropbox.desktop

Changed the entry like this (please notice the env word):

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Dropbox
GenericName=File Synchronizer
Comment=Sync your files across computers and to the web
#Exec=dropbox start -i
Exec=env DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS="" dropbox start -i
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=dropbox
Categories=Network;FileTransfer;
StartupNotify=false

And disabled Dropbox's autostart:

dropbox autostart n

* you cannot just edit it because Dropbox replaces the file every time you log in.


printk message doesn't display till next event

The kernel ring buffer is line buffered, which means it's not flushed until it encounters a newline. Add a \n to the end of your printk strings:

printk(KERN_INFO "Hello, world - this is the kernel speaking\n");

You also might consider using the printk formatting macros, as I believe these are preferred over specifying KERN_INFO directly:

pr_info("Hello, world - this is the kernel speaking\n");

If you want to put two separate kernel messages on the same line, you would use:

pr_info("Hello, world - ");
pr_cont("this is the kernel speaking\n");

which has the same effect as the original line.


windows - Windows broken since I installed Ubuntu

What seems to happen is your boot manager (grub I guess) incorrectly marked your Windows recovery partition as Windows system partition.

You just need to edit grub entries and point it to the correct partition.
If you're not sure gparted and blkid should help you identifying the current partitions to compare them with current grub config for correctness.


How do I boot into a basic graphics view?

There are light-weight minimalistic window managers such as xmonad, ratpoison, awesome, wmii, dwm, Ion, etc.
Fluxbox and Openbox are heavier than the above mentioned but still very light.


Cannot install Spark IM 2.6.3, getting permission denied error even though I am root

The reason you are getting permission denied is because the files Spark and starter don't have execute permissions as seen here:

-rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 8528 Jan 20 19:38 Spark
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 7520 Jan 20 19:38 starter

So you will need to run:

sudo chmod +x /opt/Spark
sudo chmod +x /opt/starter

I'm not sure why the execute permission was lost (since you ran chmod +x before), but I think it is because when you moved them to /opt the owner was changed from you to root.


How to check a bulk of ip for reverse dns?

xargs provides an optin --arg-file. With -L1 option  to treat each line as argument, the simplest command we can make is as follows

$ xargs -L1 --arg-file=ip-addr.txt dig +short -x
google-public-dns-a.google.com.
resolver2.opendns.com.

If it's necessary to display the IP address next to the resolved domain, we can also do:

$ xargs -L1 --arg-file=ip-addr.txt sh -c 'printf "%s: " "$1"; dig +short -x "$1"' sh
8.8.8.8: google-public-dns-a.google.com.
208.67.220.220: resolver2.opendns.com.

Of course, xargs is an extra process. What if we wanted to only use shell and dig ? With bash version 4 and over, we can use mapfile or readarray to get lines of the text file into array, and then process items in a loop:

$ mapfile -t -d $'\n' < ip-addr.txt
$ for i in "${MAPFILE[@]}" ; do printf "%s:" "$i"; dig +short -x "$i"; done
8.8.8.8:google-public-dns-a.google.com.
208.67.220.220:resolver2.opendns.com.

If the IP addresses are few and don't require a long text file, POSIXly, we could use set to define values as positional parameters:

$ set -- 8.8.8.8 208.67.220.220
$ for i ; do printf "%s:" "$i"; dig +short -x "$i"; done
8.8.8.8:google-public-dns-a.google.com.
208.67.220.220:resolver2.opendns.com.

We can also use dig -x $IP_ADDRESS +short in a script like so:

#!/bin/bash
export LC_ALL=C
# without specifying 'in' part, bourne-like shells default
# to iterating over positional parameters
for item
do
     domain=$(dig -x "$item"  +short)
     # this logic can also be reversed with
     # [ "x$domain" = "x" ] && echo "empty" || echo "$domain"
     if [ -n "$domain"  ] ;
     then
         echo "$domain"
     else
         echo "$item" result is NULL
     fi
done

Demo of sample usage(all ip addresses given as space separeted):

$ ./reverse_dns_lookup.sh 8.8.8.8 74.125.193.94 151.101.193.69
google-public-dns-a.google.com.
ig-in-f94.1e100.net.
151.101.193.69 result is NULL

As you can see , in the last example our DNS server didn't find domain for the ip address we gave it. In such case we can use a different DNS server, for instance open_dns with dig @208.67.220.220 $IP_ADDRESS +short

In the demo above, the ip addresses are provided on command line, like ./reverse_dns_lookup.sh ADDRESS1 ADDRESS2 ADDRESS2 but you also can use a file for that, like so:

$ cat ip_addresses.txt |  xargs ./reverse_dns_lookup.sh                          <
google-public-dns-a.google.com.
resolver2.opendns.com.
192.30.253.112 result is NULL

Alternative script version:

Here's alternative version of the script that prints the AUTHORITY section from dig's output. This may be much better and more reliable than just +short version. NOTE: this uses 8.8.8.8 , which is Google's public DNS. Use a different server if you feel necessary.

#!/bin/bash
export LC_ALL=C
for item
do
 domain=$(dig @8.8.8.8  -x "$item" +noall +authority +answer)
 if [ -n "$domain"  ] ;
 then
     echo "$domain"
 else
     echo "$item" result is NULL
 fi
done

Demo:

$ cat ip_addresses.txt |  xargs ./reverse_dns_lookup.sh

; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>> @8.8.8.8 -x 8.8.8.8 +noall +authority +answer
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
8.8.8.8.in-addr.arpa.   21390   IN  PTR google-public-dns-a.google.com.

; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>> @8.8.8.8 -x 208.67.220.220 +noall +authority +answer
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
220.220.67.208.in-addr.arpa. 6674 IN    PTR resolver2.opendns.com.

; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>> @8.8.8.8 -x 192.30.253.112 +noall +authority +answer
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
253.30.192.in-addr.arpa. 10 IN  SOA ns1.p16.dynect.net. ops.github.com. 6 3600 600 604800 60


Since you mentioned you have used three  partition I will assume you want a dual boot not an wubi install.

Boot using a live usb/cd of ubuntu.
Use boot-repair to fix the problem.

After booting with live usb/cd ,Run following command in terminal,

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Use Recomended Repair

At the end it will give a link , note it down before rebooting. If the above doesn't work just post that url here.

More information can be found here- > https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


Compizconfig Grid doesn't work under Ubuntu as virtual machine

As I get it, *Fatal: GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap* means that X server does not support *GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap* API feature, which requires a 3D hardware acceleration.

You can see the previous error message: Fatal: Software rendering detected which means that VM has no configured 3D graphics acceleratio card, either because there is no such hardware in your system, or it's not properly configured.

So check out if there is 3D acc. card in the host OS, or not. If there isn't I guess you can't make Grid work. If there is, you should configure your VM to expose 3D acc. card to the guest ubuntu OS.

See Compiz hadware requirements.


Bring your system up to date so that you get the current kernel with

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

After completion and reboot if necessary the output of uname -a should be 4.4.0-36 generic or newer.

Remove i915.preliminary_hw_support=1 from your config and update grub as usual. This will likely alleviate the confusion that I believe is the source of your delay at kernel launch

Source: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=intel-slk-linux-4.3-no-prelim


Terminal does not show prompt until enter is pressed in Ubuntu 14.04.2

I figured out the reason - there was a backslash at the end of ~/.bashrc file. This will allow the user to enter arguments for the last command listed in that file. Since the .bashrc file executes when a terminal is opened, I was not able to see the prompt until I pressed Ctrl+C. Thanks for all the responses.


At this time there is no release codename for Ubuntu 14.10 yet but following tradition after the Trusty Tahr (which was the "T"-series) there will be a codename with letters "U", hence the interim name "u-series".

Also see: How are release codenames chosen?

It would be rather speculative to say which changes will actually land in the 14.10. release but it appears that Mir will be replacing X-Server, we will see Unity 8, and Covergence there.


How did you install apache - From the repository or from Apache's website, or compiled?

Normally, it would install apache2-mpm-prefork for the traditional non-threaded model; apache2-mpm-itk is the multiuser MPM.  Both can be installed from the repository, and the prefork is normally installed with the apache2 metapackage.  It seems like reinstalling apache2 should do it, or simply installing the missing package directly, although if you're missing one, you may be missing others.

Manually installing the php plugin it is not a solution - it depends on one of these packages, so would not be expected to run correctly without it.  That's what a dependency is.


13.10->14.04 upgrade hangs on mdadm configure

Someone smart suggested that I didn't need mdadm. So I removed it, and then all was good, upgrade completed smoothly.


You have to have the other machines on the network referring to a shared authority, whether it is DNS, synchronized host files, or some other method (e.g., avahi).

The command you are running on the other systems, host, is a DNS utility :

  host is a simple utility for
  performing DNS lookups. It is normally
  used to convert names to IP addresses
  and vice versa. When no arguments
  or options are given, host prints a
  short summary of its command line
  arguments and options.

As far as the other machines on the network are concerned, it doesn't matter what your machine is referred to locally.  You have to have the host/IP registered to a common system.


'top' shows 'echo "find"' processes using 100% CPU time

You can check its process ID, with ls -l /proc/1639  and trace its activity with sudo strace -p 1639

According to this thread it's a malware with root permissions.


In Ubuntu the root account has no password but is locked by default, so that you can not log in as root using a password.  If you paste your public key ( ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ) into root's authorized_keys file ( /root/.ssh/authorized_keys ) then you can log in via 'ssh' as root without needing a password.


When you ran pkill xorg you killed your screen and input devices running in RAM only.

When you reboot Xorg should load again normally because programs on disk which you did not delete are loaded into RAM once again.


How to uninstall apps installed through Firefox Marketplace?

I found a way: when an app is running, right-click on its unity launcher icon and select "Uninstall app".

But there should also be a way through Firefox Marketplace...


FYI, another way to get a local Kubernetes cluster running easily is with microk8s from the Kubernetes team at Canonical (https://microk8s.io/).

  Fast Install - Get a full Upstream Kubernetes system running in under
  60 seconds

  Safe and Secure - Runs safely on your laptop with state of the art
  isolation.

  Pure Upstream - Binaries directly from the source, delivered to you
  laptop and configured in seconds!


Same here. I have a brand new Dell Inspiron 3000 (3567). It arrived with Ubuntu 16.04 on it. It's been put aside for a week because I didn't know what to do with it. This morning I started it up and it kept losing wifi connection (none of my other machines do).

So I clicked on search your computer, typed in "updates", clicked on "Software updater" and a window opened checking for updates. It found loads and I clicked to install them.  I thought all the updates took longer to install than Windows 7 ever did and at first it still kept losing connection during the update process. But I persisted and after a while my wifi stayed connected and the updates continued.

All updates have now been installed and I haven't lost wifi connection since.


If I were you I would split off 50GB from either C or E, since you have plenty of space left there, then use the new partition to install Ubuntu.


Fixed it!
All I had to do was go to the view menu and check everything that was unchecked!


After doing some searching, I found that the files are being correctly written to the disk. The problem is in either how the image (iso) is mounted or how Ubuntu deals with displaying the files in the iso. I would assume it is the mounter (Disk Image Mounter).
All of this took a considerable amount of time. I hope this will help someone else to not spend such time when they come through a similar issue.


Trying to create a .dekstop file for an .sh

You can add special permission for your script to the sudoers file in /etc/sudoers

I guess jd is your username, if not replace with yours.

add : %jd ALL = NOPASSWD: /home/jd/.wreboot/w10reboot.sh to /etc/sudoers

Edit your script

#!/bin/bash
grub-reboot 1
reboot now

Then edit your the Exec part of the .desktop file as follow

Exec=sudo /home/jd/.wreboot/w10reboot.sh

Now it should works.


It's possible that a 16.04 package caused trouble.  How do I find out
  whether this is true and how do I fix it?

Check the version for the installed package 'apt' : dpkg --list apt ( If you didn't trash 'dpkg' too.)

The 14.04 version must be 1.0.1ubuntu2* (The 16.04 version is 1.2.15ubuntu0*)

If dpkg works, you can download apt_1.0.1ubuntu2.17_[arch].deb ( like apt_1.0.1ubuntu2.17_amd64.deb or apt_1.0.1ubuntu2.17_i386.deb ) http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty-updates/apt

And install with dpkg -i --force ./apt_1.0.1ubuntu2.17*


Adding user to a group - Why had to reboot?

After making modifications to the groups of an user, the changes are not immediately visible. You need to re-login for that (which is accomplished with a reboot as well).

You can test which you belong to with the id -Gn command. After adding yourself to a random group, you'll notice that the group is not immediately visible in the output of that command. If you do not want to restart the graphical session ("re-login"), perform a direct login:

su - $USER

Enter your password and you'll be logged in with the new group settings applied. From there, start virtualbox and try it again. Note that you'll have to keep the console open now (unless using screen) so it might be easier to re-login.


The difference between the various *ubuntu is the desktop manager and associated utilities. They have no influence on the execution time of other processes, besides whatever RAM/CPU they use when active, but would you use the desktop intensively on the Rpi?

There are lightweight Linux distros specifically made for the RPi (Raspian et al.) that are normally more fit than a Ubuntu if the Rpi is only meant to run programs developer on another machine (kernel tailored to the Rpi, etc...). Raspian comes with LXDE, so it's fairly close to Lubuntu.


Problem DNS_PROBE_FINISHED_NXDOMAIN on Ubuntu 20 when using VPN

I had a similar problem, but the trouble originated with the VPN provider. IPVanish changed their OpenVPN set up.
IPVanish provides OpenVPN configuration files for hundreds of servers. These are imported/created through Network Connections. For years I needed to access the advanced options and select "use a TCP connection". One day TCP connections failed resulting in the DNS probe comming up dry - no connection. I had a very frustrating experience with their technical contact,with no resolution. At the end of the day, I deleted all the VPN connections and re-installed using UPD. Now all works fine with one exception... I can only connect to about 25% of their servers.


For each xserver you can only run one display manager at a time. When installing a new display manager on the command line you usually get a dialog asking which one you want by defualt. To run this again you can try running sudo dpkg-reconfigure lxdm and should get a dialog and select lxdm instead of lightdm as the display manager. Although unity is a heavier desktop environment that could use resources in lightdm.


w: possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8125a-3.fw for module r8169

There is a similar bug reported here :
Debian Bugs
The files rtl8125a-3.fw and rtl8168fp-3.fw can be found on:
Git Kernel
Then run the commands :
sudo cp ~/Downloads/*.fw /lib/firmware/rtl_nic/
sudo update-initramfs -u

The issue looks like this one :
Possible missing frmware /lib/firmware/i915


You can install pandas in ubuntu using apt, for python3 you should run:

sudo apt install python3-pandas

Also you can try updating pip3 before trying to install pandas.

pip3 install --upgrade --user pip3
pip3 install pandas --user

it might works.


Raring on Laptop with two GPUs: black screen

ArchWiki knows how to do it without rEFInd ... maybe you have to let go of AMD, but there you go.


The difference between grub-mkconfig and grub2-mkconfig is explained here https://linuxhint.com/grub2_mkconfig_tutorial/


How do I install experimental plugins for compiz?

Ubuntu no longer supplies all of the experimental plugins. Up through Maverick you can use the Compiz Packages PPA and install the compiz-fusion-plugins-unsupported package.

What will work with Natty and Oneiric is the procedure that can be found at UbuntuGuide. Which is to download all of the compiz plugins and rebuild them all from source. This will overwrite the plugins that are already installed via the normal Ubuntu packaging system, as well as adding the unsupported plugins.

cd ~/Downloads
sudo apt-get install compiz-fusion-bcop compiz-dev \build-essential libtool \libglu1-mesa-dev libxss-dev \libcairo2-dev git-core
git clone git://anongit.compiz.org/users/soreau/scripts
cd scripts
./compiz-addons install all
nohup compiz --replace &


The item you are listing is a socket, not a directory.

A socket is not a type of directory.  It is something else entirely.

Consequently, you can't change the socket into a directory, any more than you can change a mouse into a keyboard.

However, if you just want to remove the socket, you should be able to do so by using rm pipe.  Since the file (socket file) you show is owned by root, you need root privileges to do this.  (On the other hand, since the file you show is owned by root, you probably shouldn't remove it unless you know exactly what you are doing and why.  Otherwise things will get messy.  Root privileges give you total power over your computer, including the power to destroy it if you don't know what you are doing.)

To create a directory with the name directory_name, just type mkdir directory_name.

And on a more general note, if you are running into a situation that you think would be solved by turning a socket into a directory, you probably went "off the rails" quite a while ago, and you should back up and see where things went wrong, and then post a question about that.  ;)


All web browsers cause this computer, regardless of what they're doing

A likely reason maybe that the system is actively swapping data when you open several applications and tabs on browser. To check the swap space in your computer you should open terminal (using Ctrl+Alt+T) and the typing in free -h. The output will be as following.

          total       used       free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:       1.8G       1.2G       295M        135M        302M        261M
Swap:      1.9G        29M       1.9G

The Swap row tell about how much swap space is there and how much is being used. You can check then your system becomes slow.

If Swap space is filled up, but memory is still available, then,

1.) You can try to reduce the value of parameter which makes the system to swap. Default value is 60, which makes the system to swap quite fast. For systems with less RAM, a good value should be 10 or small.

To change the swappiness, open the terminal by Ctrl+Alt+T, then open the /etc/sysctl.conf  file using sudo access, for example,

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

and add the following line at the end of the file,

vm.swappiness = 6

Save the file and then restart the system. Check if any improvement is seen.

If you do not want to restart, you can try to run,

sysctl vm.swappiness=6

in the terminal.


Where can I find my inetd.conf or xinetd.conf?

From the inetd man page

 Upon execution, inetd reads its configuration information from a
 configuration file which, by default, is /etc/inetd.conf.

If it's not there, create it there as it's the default.

and next time you look for something use locate inetd


How do I get pyaudio 0.2.9 installed on Ubuntu 16.04?

This is an issue with pip... Somehow it still doesn't install all the dependancies yet

sudo apt purge python3-pyaudio
sudo apt install portaudio19-dev python-all-dev
sudo pip3 install pyaudio==0.2.9 --upgrade


As the author of stress-ng, I'd personally recommend it as it has a wide range of stress tests that can be used to exercise the CPU in many different ways.

There are many ways to exercise the CPU, with stress-ng one can tell it to run all the stressors that can stress a CPU using:

stress-ng --class cpu --sequential 0 -t 60 -v

..and to check the temperatures from the thermal zone information, one can use:

stress-ng --class cpu --sequential 4 -t 60 -v --tz

The above will run the cpu class of stressors one by one (sequentially) for 60 seconds with verbose mode enabled and with thermal zone stats on 4 CPUs

Or one can run specific stressors, such as:

stress-ng --matrix 0 -t 2m

..this will run the matrix stressor for 2 minutes on all the CPUs (0 = all CPUs).

The manual with stress-ng details all the options. There are over 170 stressors to play with.  To see all the stressors, use:

stress-ng --help | less


Maybe you don't have permissions to write on the external drive or it is a file system which cannot be read.

To find out if that's the problem, open a terminal and type

lsblk

Followed by "enter". You will get something like the following output:

List of block devices

The size column will probably tell you which device is your flash drive (my usb stick in the picture has 15 GB for example). In the name column, sdx always means the whole device, sdx1 would be the first partition of the device. What you need to write down is the mountpoint of the partition (probably the first and only partition) of your flash drive, it will be something like /media/user/foo - in my screenshot you can see my usb stick mounted at sdc1 with mountpoint /media/.... If no mountpoint is specified, the flash drive is not mounted. In Ubuntu automounting is activated I think by default, so removing the drive and connecting it again should do the trick. Otherwise you need to manually mount it.

Now change to your mountpoint with entering

cd /media/user/foo

(user being the name of your login user), now you should be seeing all your folders which already exist on your flash drive when typing

ls -al

Here, the leftmost column tells you about the file permissions, it is something like

`drwxrwxrwx` or `-r-x------`

d means that this file is a directory, the first rwx are the users permissions, second rwx the group's permissions, third rwx the permissions of everybody else. r =  read, w = write, x = execute. If there is a dash (-) instead of the letter itself, a certain permission is not granted.
The third and fourth column tells you the user and group the files belong to. This should be your login user & its default group. If this is not the case and the permissions on the files are restricting others from writing (no w at the third triple), then you have your problem.

Now you have several possibilities to fix that:

Copy files with sudo:

sudo cp /home/user/Downloads/filename /media/user/foo/

this will give you temporarily root permissions to allow you copying the files. If you want to copy whole directories, you need to copy them recursively with

sudo cp -R /home/user/Downloads/directory /media/user/foo/

When prompted for a password, enter your user's login password.
Change the owner & group of your files: you need to go one level higher in the file system with

cd ..

Then use the following commands to change user and group of the mountpoint itself:

sudo chown -R user /media/user/foo

sudo chgrp -R group /media/user/foo

-R means recursive, which will modify the user and group of each and every file and directory inside the mountpoint and the mountpoint itself. Your default group has the same name as the user in a default installation of ubuntu, verify that by entering groups in the terminal, the first entry is your default group. Actually, you only need the first line to make it work, the second one with the group is optional.
If nobody is allowed to write to the flashdrive (no w in any of the three sections) you need to adjust the permissions of the files with the command

sudo chmod u+w filename

u+w will give user (u) write access (+w) to the file, which you can specify with the relative path name (the path relative to the current directory) or the absolute pathname from the root directory, which will be something like /media/user/foo/filename

If this is not helping, it might be a filesystem issue. You can use gparted to check the type of file system of the flashdrive. Type

`sudo gparted`

and select your device (you know the name from lsblk, it's something like "/dev/sdx"). Be careful with this tool because it can wipe whole disks! The column "filesystem" will be something like ntfs, ext4, fat, ... Please post your filesystem type here that we can help you further.

If you have any questions regarding the whole procedure, don't hesitate to ask :)


How to stop pasted text being highlighted in terminals in Ubuntu 16.10?

Finally found it (https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting/issues/349):

zle_highlight+=(paste:none)


You can try formatting that unallocated space as ext4 from Ubuntu Live CD/USB using gparted.

Choose "Try Ubuntu" option during installation of Ubuntu.
To launch gparted, open a terminal by pressing ctrl+alt+t and typing sudo gparted.


Sound stop working suddenly...? Only work again with a new user

On my old install of Ubuntu, the GUI mixer sometimes show that the volume is maxed, but I don't get sound. Back then, this is how I got around my issue.

In terminal, type:

alsamixer

Look underneath each bar, if you see MM, then use the left and right arrow keys to navigate to it and press M to unmute. The up and down arrow keys to change volume for each output or input.

Your problem might be more complex, in which case you can try the suggestion by wilf regarding moving around the configuration files.

If that doesn't do it, you can always try this.

sudo apt-get --purge alsa-base
sudo apt-get install alsa-base

Good luck!


Disable window grouping in Dock on Ubuntu 17.10/18.04

As a specific answer to your question, no, you cannot do that with Ubuntu Dock. You can also not achieve that with the extension Dash to Dock, on which Ubuntu Dock is based. Despite the fact that installing Dash to Dock exposes you to a lot of settings, there is no option to have the Dock display separate icons for separate applications.

If you are willing to abandon a dock, but instead have your icons on the panel, then the Dash to Panel extension can be configured to show one icon for each Window; setting: Behavior > "Ungroup Applications" as shown below:

In addition, it can be configured to also show the window title, and at that moment looks and behaves as a traditional task bar.


When I went to edit my /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules file, I found that there was a backup copy from a previous edit.  I deleted the backup copy, restarted the adb server with sudo adb kill-server sudo adb start-server and adb worked on all devices again.
However, I have to reboot the server every few seconds or it fails to recognize the devices again.


How to start Thunderbird minimized to Unity system tray on start-up?

You can try MailNag:

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:pulb/mailnag
sudo apt -y update
sudo apt -y install mailnag-unity-plugin mailnag

Then, run mailnag-config and set up your Accounts (to my knowledge, there's no automated way to import all Thunderbird email accounts), and then make sure the Unity plugin is enabled.

You don't need any add-ons for Thunderbird; in fact, I would actually advise removing the default Messaging Menu and Unity Launcher Integration add-on, because you can open the default email client from the Unity panel via mailnag, and so there's little point for it.

mailnag should automatically set itself as a startup script, so you should get both notifications in the panel (read: the mail icon turns blue) and the overlay style notifications like when you connect/disconnect from a network.

This obviously doesn't actually 'start Thunderbird minimized to system tray on start-up', but it does solve my underlying problem of 'automatically get email notifications in Unity panel on start-up', and the only difference between it and my intended behavior is that thunderbird isn't running. I suppose this is probably why I couldn't find anything about it; now that I know to search for mailnag and found a couple relevant questions.


How to add a path to manpath.config without changing the system setting?

This seems to do it:

echo MANDATORY_MANPATH ~/man > ~/.manpath

But apropos still does not work.


root can change the password of a user, but the user herself cannot

The command /usr/bin/passwd needs the setuid bit in
its permissions to operate properly for non-root users.

From the comments we learned that the permissions of your command currently are

ls -al $(which passwd)
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 54256 May 17 2017 /usr/bin/passwd

To add the s bit do:

sudo chmod u+s /usr/bin/passwd
# or sudo chmod 4755 /usr/bin/passwd

so it becomes:

ls -al $(which passwd)
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 54256 May 17 2017 /usr/bin/passwd

Note the s instead of the first x.

Also note that by default the s bit is set, so someone must have removed it. Maybe deliberatley, to prevent users from changing their passwords. Maybe by accident, because the combination of chmod, recursion, the root directory, and seven-five-five is so much fun. (Don't do that, because it may render your system useless!)


updating drivers right after Ubuntu installation

you can use the driver manager program; you can find it by typing Additional Drivers into the search dash.
Regarding pdf guides for ubuntu I've found one at http://files.ubuntu-manual.org/manuals/getting-started-with-ubuntu/16.04/en_US/screen/Getting%20Started%20with%20Ubuntu%2016.04.pdf .

All the best.


rsync throwing mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data/dir_1/dir_2/dir_3/’: No such file or directory

rsync command doesn't create directory tree, so you can do this by perform:

 mkdir -p /data/dir_1/dir_2/dir_3

before rsync command or use --rsync-path options:

  --rsync-path=PROGRAM
                Use this to specify what program is to  be  run  on  the  remote
                machine  to start-up rsync.

Your command should be:

 rsync -avz source_diretory/ --rsync-path="mkdir -p /data/dir_1/dir_2/dir_3 && rsync" /data/dir_1/dir_2/dir_3

Here is a useful link.


Notification-bubbles in 17.10 waiting for user-action to autohide. How to disable that function?

I found a workaround: In Clementine-settings there is an option to use own Clementine-notifications and not the ones from gnome. Clementine-notifications are even configurable in design in the Clementine-settings menu too.


So I kind of solved it by now.

I've edited the setup.py in the project folder. I extended the setup on the last lines:

DistUtilsExtra.auto.setup(
name='foo'
version='0.1-public1',
license='GPL-3',
author='Alex',
author_email='alex@foo.bar',
description='This is foo',
long_description='with a lot of bar',
url='www.foo.bar',
cmdclass={'install': InstallAndUpdateDataDirectory}
)

by appending three parameters:

DistUtilsExtra.auto.setup(
name='foo'
version='0.1-public1',
license='GPL-3',
author='Alex',
author_email='alex@foo.bar',
description='This is foo',
long_description='with a lot of bar',
url='www.foo.bar',
cmdclass={'install': InstallAndUpdateDataDirectory},
packages=['foo', 'foo_lib', 'foo/bar'],
package_data={
    'foo': ['*.py'],
    'foo_lib': ['*.py'],
    'foo/bar': ['*.py']
    },
package_dir={
    'foo': 'foo',
    'foo_lib': 'foo_lib',
    'foo/bar': 'foo/bar'
    },
)

I'm not sure, if this is the way it should be solved, but at least it works for me :-)

I hope I can help someone else out there, too...


Maybe your problem is related to the fact that you had bumblebee installed before and this package was not removed properly. Reinstall the NVIDIA drivers and to avoid conflicts, first uninstall all NVIDIA software and ... important ... remove all left "traces of the bumblebee" !

Open a terminal and execute:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia* bumblebee
sudo reboot

Ubuntu 15.10

Install the stable NVIDIA drivers for GEFORCE GT 635M from the Ubuntu repositories:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot

Ubuntu 14.04 and 15.04

Install the stable NVIDIA drivers for GEFORCE GT 635M from the Proprietary GPU drivers PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot


How to sync an already converted video to ipod touch 4.1

The official guide on how to transfer video is pretty out of date, but refers to you either use gtkPod, or ThinLiquidFilm.

The Ubuntu Updates site notes that if you use gtkPod, you must install libmp4v2-0 to enable aac support.

You can also try the new default music player, Banshee.  It supposedly supports video syncing to iDevices out of the box.

Finally, some users have reported success by installing this ppa :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pmcenery/ppa
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install libimobiledevice1


Can't Access Graylog after Deploying Charmed Distribution of Kubernetes with Logging

I was able to access it in the browser at https://graylog-machine-ip:9000


yelp man:find

In case the command you wish to find shares its name with a command in a different section, specify which section in parentheses after the command, and enclose the whole argument in quotations to escape read the parentheses literally:

yelp man:printf      # shell command: search defaulted to section 1
yelp 'man:printf(3)' # library call: search for printf in section 3
yelp man:printf(3)   # bash: syntax error near unexpected token `('

yelp 'man:exit(2)'   # system calls to terminal process
yelp 'man:exit(3)'   # library call to do the same


What is the difference between `ssh -Y` (trusted X11 forwarding) and `ssh -X` (untrusted X11 forwarding)?

Both options have something to do with X11 forwarding. This means if you enable this, you can use a graphical client through your SSH session (e.g., use Firefox or something else).

If you use ssh -X remotemachine the remote machine is treated as an untrusted client. So your local client sends a command to the remote machine and receives the graphical output. If your command violates some security settings you'll receive an error instead.

But if you use ssh -Y remotemachine the remote machine is treated as a trusted client. This last option can open security problems. Because other graphical (X11) clients could sniff data from the remote machine (make screenshots, do keylogging and other nasty stuff) and it is even possible to alter those data.

If you want to know more about those things, I suggest reading the Xsecurity manpage or the X Security extension spec. Furthermore, you can check the options ForwardX11 and ForwardX11Trusted in your /etc/ssh/ssh_config.


Can't find "Background" in System Settings

EDIT
Haven't noticed that you don't have the Appearance option.
Try executing these

sudo apt-get remove unity-control-center
sudo apt-get install unity-control-center

Then, continue with the previous answer.

How to
There are several ways to change your background image.

System settings

From any window, click the top right gear-shaped icon (in your screenshot, it is the icon near vargagaborr), then System Settings and move to Appearance.

Dash
Click on the dash button (top-left of your screen), type Appearance and click on it.
Terminal
The coolest way to launch your GUI

unity-control-center appearance

Optional

If you want to configure the unity appearance a little more you can install ubuntu-tweak. I think that Ubuntu 14.10 does not have a dedicated ppa, so you have to
download the .deb file from the official website. Then, to install it, go to the directory where you downloaded the file, open the terminal and execute.

sudo dpkg -i ubuntu-tweak_0.8.7-1~trusty2_all.deb
sudo apt-get install -f

The Tweak tab contains a lot of useful customization settings you can change.


How to change free space to unallocated?

Whenever you shrink a volume you get free or unallocated  space. You can't use that space directly until you are not converting that into a partition.

You can convert your unallocated space into partition using gparted in live mode before installing Ubuntu or in the middle of installation by selecting "something else".

After converting it into partition you can install OS in it.

If you choose "install ubuntu alongside windows 7" from there on you can choose the size for the partition space for Ubuntu.


17.10 openjdk and oracle jdk 8 and 9 the trustAnchors parameter must be non-empty

I reinstalled everything using apt-get and that didn't solve the problem.

The solution that I found to work: Go to Oracle and download the tar.gz version of jdk-8.  Then copy the cacerts file from that into /etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts