Why is curl using the wrong IP address to resolve this hostname?

It takes a while (up to 48 hours if I'm not mistaken) for the DNS servers to refresh. Flushing the DNS cache won't help of the server is still pointing to the wrong IP.

Edit: you can try this service to check the propagation of your DNS update.


How do I install Ubuntu on the C Drive without losing any data from the other drives?

The C: drive does not translate to Linux partition structure. However, when installing, select manual partition setup, and select the existing partition that you want to format. Set that as mount point /, and make sure you allocate some of the drive for your SWAP area.


Run command as a login shell in pantheon terminal

You can run pantheon terminal this command:

pantheon-terminal . ~/.bashrc

When I run pantheon-terminal without . ~/.bashrc rvm for ruby not work, but with this option all work fine. I setting this command on hot corner - very comfortably.

You can read information about bash on this case - its help me run pantheon-terminal correctly: What does “Run command as a login shell” do?


It may be an issue with pam. Can you include the contents of

/etc/pam.d/sudo
/etc/pam.d/su

As a side note, you may have more luck with this question in a forum. You are probably going to have to post a lot of information specific to your system setup to solve this.


why is there no name showing at the command line?

If you added the new account using useradd then it likely set the new user's login shell to be /bin/sh, which in Ubuntu is a symbolic link to the dash shell. Dash is a simpler shell which doesn't read the ~/.bashrc file and doesn't set the user@host command line prompt. You can check by looking in the /etc/passwd file, or using

getent passwd username

and you can change the default shell to the more usual bash using

chsh -s /bin/bash

if you are logged in as the user whose shell you want to change, or

sudo chsh -s /bin/bash username

to change another account's login shell. To prevent this happening again, you can either specify the login shell on the useradd command line using the -s or --shell options, or use the higher-level utility adduser instead.


How do I make a remote connection in college/institute LAN?

You need to use some Remote Desktop apps: VNC, XRDP , SSH ,etc...

Here I'll explain how to use xrdp since I think it's the best for a newbie

First install the package on the target machine if it's not:

sudo apt-get install xrdp

Now you can get the connection to using Remmina:

  Remmina is a remote desktop software client for Linux-based computer
  operating systems. It supports the RDP, VNC, NX, XDMCP and SSH
  protocols.

Remmina is preshiped with Ubuntu just open your dash and search for Remmina.

Now create a new connection from the Top menu

Enter the needed entries:

name it
Enter the target IP in the server entry
Enter Username and password
Change the Resolution as needed or keep the default(target resolution)
Change the color depth to True color 32bpp
Now press save for later use.

Now you can just click the connect button and hola you are in.

If you don't like to store your user credentials just leave the username and password field empty so when you click connect you'll see such this:

So here you can enter your username and password and then OK.

Be sure to choose sesman-X11rdp in the module entry.

Some useful links

How to Install and Configure VNC on Ubuntu 14.04
SSH/OpenSSH/Configuring


Battery Status In Panel Does Not Change Or Give Low Battery Warning (Ubuntu 12.04)

In the terminal window giving the command:

sudo aptitude reinstall gnome-power-manager

Worked for me on the same issue, give it a try.


HA is designed and planned for 14.04 in the case of both MAAS and Juju. You could manually construct it yourself now, but it would be rather difficult and then difficult to upgrade in future.

For now, I'd suggest using RAID mirroring and careful choice of nodes for reliability. If your MAAS or Juju go down you cannot scale up but you also don't lose the running services. When we deliver HA as part of the product it will be very easy to use and keep in sync with upstream, or Landscape will take care of it fully for you.


I want to use the Linux 4.7 Kernel in 16.04.01. Where can I find the repo?

There is no PPA. Those need to be downloaded directly from: kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.7/. Mind that these DEBs are NOT supported by Ubuntu (the Ubuntu kernel team changes these to fit Ubuntu).

Download the DEBs appropriate to your system and install with ...

sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

  I have to admit that my laptop boots faster in the 4.7 Kernel and also it heats up less

It is not guaranteed that in Ubuntu these 2 issues are fixed. I myself would stick to the other 2 OS's for now.


I have Ubuntu 14.04. Do I use xscreensaver or gnome screensaver?

The BoxFit screensaver you are after is available as part of the xscreensaver package:

This can simply be installed from the Software Center or by typing the following in a Terminal window:

sudo apt-get install xscreensaver

More than enough beautiful screensavers there :)


What are the best practices when setting files and folder permissions as a php developer under ubuntu?

One solution is to create the project in your home directory:

cd ~
mkdir my_project

then create a link to my_project in the webroot directory:

sudo ln –s ~/my_project /var/www/.

Now copy all project files inside my_project directory.
Finally, if apache need to write inside project, change group:

cd my_project
sudo chgrp www-data folder/to/change

You may need to run this command every time you will add files or directories.

This allows you to work in your home, without having to modify the permissions on webroot.


When your web server starts paging memory to disk and slows to a crawl, what's the best way to recover?

Prevention is better than cure, so you should try to avoid such situations in the first place. If the problem is caused by uncontrolled growth of memory usage (eg. memory leaks) you could setup Monit to restart the monitored process once it exceeds a certain memory limit. If the traffic is spiky, you might consider throttling the number of requests. It's always better to handle less requests with reasonable performance instead of trying to serve everybody but extremely slowly.


deja-dup for backups, Ubuntu One for file sync - question on plans

Yeah, just to be clear, syncing is good for:

Quick access on other devices to the same files
Easy synchronization of changes to other devices
Disaster recovery if all you need is the latest version of the file

But it is not good for:

Rolling back to previous versions of the file
Getting the file back if you accidentally delete it

And for backup, just flip the good/bad points.  It's bad for quick access, but good for disaster recovery where you need older versions.

Deja Dup is makes it easy to backup all your application configuration.  Whereas with Ubuntu One, you'd have to mark a bunch of hidden folders as 'syncable'.  But that's a small point, since configuration is easily-reproduced if you had to.


How to enable graphics card XFX ATI RADEON HD 4350

Have you installed the proprietary drivers ?
Go to System --> Administration --> Aditional drivers and press "Enable".
After installation is complete, restart your computer.
Then after you login right click on your desktop --> Change Desktop Background --> Visual effects and select Extra.


Wifi connections not showing up on ubuntu 16.04

So I finally managed to make it work. What was missing was the driver 8821ce.

I followed the answer found here:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/379049/realtek-wifi-driver-problem-in-linux-mint-18-2


Ubuntu does not switch adapters automatically.
You do not need to reboot to switch adapters. You can only log off and log on.
Your problem may be related to a wrong or badly installed AMD driver. But you did not provide any information that allows to check it.


Thinkpad W540 running ubuntu connected to an apple display using thunderbolt

My Lenovo W541 connects fine to one Apple Thunderbolt display, running both 15.04 and Win7. However, I can't get the daisychain to work...


This means that the current UID you are using is not present in /etc/passwd. This is not a serious issue if your system administration knows what he's doing. You can check it out using:

strace -f -F -o whoami whoami

Then now you have a file called whoami, parse it:

grep etc whoami
[...]
5029  open("/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3


Understanding some Ubuntu shell commands

You can find more about [ by typing man [ into the terminal. This is a test construct for use after if, etc. Hence,

   -z STRING
          the length of STRING is zero
   -e FILE
          FILE exists
   ! EXPRESSION
          EXPRESSION is false
   -d FILE
          FILE exists and is a directory

1) [ -z "$(which ssh)" ] means test if "$(which ssh)" is a zero-length string. $(...) means to execute the ... part first. If you run which ssh in a terminal, you'll see that it will produce the path to the shh executable, if it exists. Hence, if this exists, then the string will not be zero-length, and the test will fail.

2) ~ is a shortcut for your home directory, usually located at /home/your_user_name. [ -e filename ] means test if this file exists, and return true if it does.

3) [ ! -d ~/.ssh ] means test if ~/.ssh (probably /home/your_user_name/.ssh) exists and is a directory, and if it is not, then return true.

==EDIT==

You should try and sort out the man problem, because it'll really advance your bash knowledge. If man [ doesn't work, try man test instead. (test is a synonym for [...].) If not, here is an online version.

   -w FILE
          FILE exists and write permission is granted

I actually think you might have it the wrong way around. It should be

[ -w "$1" ]

not

[ "$1" -w ]


gnome-open Works, but also produces error messages [GTK_IS_WIDGET(widget) fails & EOG-WARNING]

What I did as a poor workaround is that I created, in my .bashrc aliases for each command using GTK+ I start from the shell. For instance the following line for evince

alias evince="evince 2>/dev/null"


This should clear it

# sudo systemd-resolve --flush-cache

You can check with

# sudo systemd-resolve --statistics

it should show 0 in Current cache size

DNSSEC supported by current servers: no
Transactions
Current Transactions: 0
Total Transactions: 93750

Cache
  Current Cache Size: 0
  Cache Hits: 18686
Cache Misses: 28576

DNSSEC Verdicts
      Secure: 0
    Insecure: 0
       Bogus: 0
Indeterminate: 0


Reinstall/fix Ubuntu kernel when everything seems broken

Managed to solve the problem by reinstalling the kernel from a live system.

I booted Ubuntu from live USB, downloaded the kernel 3.16.0 from ubuntu-kernel ppa, copied it to home partition, logged onto the system installed on my disk and ran the dpkg -i command.

Everything is working properly now.

After this kind of kernel installation it is advisable to run

sudo apt-get install [kernel version suited to the OS installed]


What learning to read software is available?

I know Gcompris has activities for lecture practice.

You might want to check Doudoulinux and/or Qimo -- both linux distros developed for children-- or, at least, find the list of their applications. You might find something you can use.

Regards.


Performance Issue in latest ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS?

Ubuntu with GNOME may be too heavy for your computer to handle, I recommend trying a community maintained distro such as Xubuntu 18.04, It's Ubuntu, but with an interface that is lighter on your computer, and you still have access to all the games and software you can on regular Ubuntu, without the speed drawbacks!

The download page for Xubuntu is here: https://xubuntu.org/download/


Why doesn't my custom autoremove bash script work well?

You are currently ignoring the arguments you pass to the script.

It has to look like

#!/bin/bash
apt autoremove --purge "$@"

The "$@" evaluates to all the arguments passed to your script in Bash, so if you call it like

sudo uninstall-this-shit sudoku cowsay sl

it will expand to sudoku cowsay sl.


I just installed ubuntu and deleted windows 8, now It does not work. I tried using boot-repair but still does not work

If you want to keep only Ubuntu (and no Windows), then the best option is to do a clean install and during the install wipe (format) the entire hard disk..

That way you have a clean system and rest of the things will work fine


Rename Files & Folders With Special Characters

The non-ASCII characters are not the problem, your shell can deal with å perfectly well. The issue is that your file is not actually named å??. If it were, rm 'å??' or even rm å?? would have worked.

You assume it's å?? because that's what ls shows, and that's a reasonable assumption, but ls will show various things as ?. For example:

$ mkdir "file å"\?\?" name.txt" "file å"$'\n'$'\n'" name.txt" "file å"$'\t'$'\t'" name.txt" "file å"$'\r'$'\r'" name.txt" "file å"$'\b'$'\b'" name.txt" "file å"$'\v'$'\v'" name.txt"

$ ls -l
total 24K
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4.0K Nov  8 13:02 file å?? name.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4.0K Nov  8 13:02 file å?? name.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4.0K Nov  8 13:02 file å?? name.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4.0K Nov  8 13:01 file å?? name.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4.0K Nov  8 13:02 file å?? name.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4.0K Nov  8 13:02 file å?? name.txt

As you can see above, newlines, tabs, carriage returns, bells and vertical tabs (among others) are all shown as ?. Only the first file/directory of the ones created above actually has ? in its name. We can confirm this with ls -b:

$ ls -lb
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4096 Nov  8 13:02 file\ å??\ name.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4096 Nov  8 13:02 file\ å\b\b\ name.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4096 Nov  8 13:02 file\ å\t\t\ name.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4096 Nov  8 13:01 file\ å\n\n\ name.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4096 Nov  8 13:02 file\ å\v\v\ name.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4096 Nov  8 13:02 file\ å\r\r\ name.txt

So, you can either run ls -b to get the right file name and then use ANSI C quoting to rename it:

mv å$'\r'$'\r' newname

Alternatively, you can use a glob to match all files/directories whose name starts with file å (note: this will only work if you just have one) :

mv "file å*" newname

Or, rename all files/directories whose name contains non alphanumeric characters (again, only useful for cases where you have a single such case):

shopt -s extglob  ## turn on extended globbing
mv !(*([[:graph:]])) newname

The strange !(*([[:graph:]])) needs some explaining. extglob enables extended globbing which lets us use !(foo) to match "not foo". The [[:graph:]] character class matches all printable characters (not tabs, newlines etc.) Therefore, the negated match !(*([[:graph:]])) will match all file/dirnames with non-printing characters.

If you need to deal with more than one such case, use a loop. Something like:

for dir in !(*([[:graph:]])); do
     mv "$dir" "${dir//[^[:graph:]]/_}";
done

The ${dir//[^[:graph:]]/_} is the directory name with all non-printing characters replaced by _. The problem with this approach is that you can have different source directories which will end up with the same name (e.g. foo\n and foo\t will both become foo_). If that is a problem, just rename using a counter as well:

a=0; for dir in !(*([[:graph:]])); do
    ((a++));
     mv "$dir" "${dir//[^[:graph:]]/_}$a"
done

That would result in:

drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4096 Nov  8 13:08 file_å___name.txt1
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4096 Nov  8 13:08 file_å___name.txt2
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4096 Nov  8 13:08 file_å___name.txt3
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4096 Nov  8 13:08 file_å??_name.txt4
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4096 Nov  8 13:08 file_å___name.txt5
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon users 4096 Nov  8 13:08 file_å___name.txt6


Can an LVM PV be shrunk at the beginning?

I don't know of a way to move the start of an LVM PV, but that doesn't mean it's not possible; my knowledge might simply be inadequate.

If you don't hear of a better solution, though, you might consider the following procedure:

Shrink the physical volume from the end, leaving as much unpartitioned space at the end as is required for a new /boot partition. (There are various questions on this site about resizing an LVM PV, like this one and this one.)
Create a new, larger, /boot partition after the now-shrunken LVM PV.
Adjust your boot loader and /etc/fstab configurations to use the new /boot partition's location.
Test that you can boot from the new partition. (You could delete one kernel on the old one, leaving at least one known-working kernel, and try booting from the kernel that matches the deleted one on the new partition to be sure you're booting from the new partition.)
Wipe the old /boot partition clean.
If necessary, adjust your boot loader configuration again to remove references to the now-wiped old /boot partition.
If desired, add the old /boot partition to the volume group so that you can use its space. This might not be worthwhile for only 113MiB, but it is an option if you're desperate to keep that disk space.

As a variant, if you don't intend to add the old /boot partition to your VG, you could omit everything from step #5 onward. This will give you a backup location where you can store a couple of current kernels in case something bad happens to the new /boot partition.


Assuming you are using the Intel 4500MHD - you need to set a value in /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness to whatever is comfortable. A value is simply written here. First, find out what the max value is by running

cat /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/max_brightness

In my case it is 5273. After you reduce the brightness to something comfortable, check the value in /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness by running

cat /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

In my case it was 2040. To set this value at boot time just type

sudo echo "echo "2040 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness" >> /etc/rc.local" so that this value is set at boot up.

This is what I did on my Lenovo G510 using the Intel 4500 graphics. If you are running the AMD M82XT Graphics I'm afraid I can't help you.


Failed to open \EFI\Microsoft\Boot\grubx64.efi

If your computer is booting correctly despite those errors, IGNORE THEM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Basically, fixing the problem requires tampering with a VERY delicate and critically important part of your installation -- namely, your boot loader configuration. You might fix the problem, but it's at least as likely that you'll end up creating a MUCH bigger problem. Is fixing a trivial cosmetic problem really worth the risk of doing serious damage that may prevent your booting the computer at all?

If you really want to risk your installation, I recommend you open a Terminal and type sudo efibootmgr -v. This will produce output something like this:

$ sudo efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0000
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0000,0003,0007,2003,0001,2001,2002
Boot0000* rEFInd (direct)   ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(1f,2)03120a00010000000000HD(2,1f4800,82000,5f6b4992-fcfe-4a2c-9e67-98b0a30dfe7d)File(\EFI\refind\refind_x64.efi)
Boot0001* Lenovo Recovery System    HD(3,276800,1f4000,de3b7563-97f5-48c6-ab7f-2f5d6d57c644)File(\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\LrsBootMgr.efi)RC
Boot0002* EFI Network 0 for IPv4 (08-9E-01-FF-CA-4D)    ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(1c,0)PCI(0,0)MAC(089e01ffca4d,0)IPv4(0.0.0.0:0<->0.0.0.0:0,0, 0RC
Boot0003* ubuntu    HD(2,1f4800,82000,5f6b4992-fcfe-4a2c-9e67-98b0a30dfe7d)File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)
Boot0004* EFI Network 0 for IPv6 (08-9E-01-FF-CA-4D)    ACPI(a0341d0,0)PCI(1c,0)PCI(0,0)MAC(089e01ffca4d,0)030d3c000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000000000000RC
Boot0007* Windows Boot Manager  HD(2,1f4800,82000,5f6b4992-fcfe-4a2c-9e67-98b0a30dfe7d)File(\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}....................
Boot2001* EFI USB Device    RC
Boot2002* EFI DVD/CDROM RC
Boot2003* EFI Network   RC

Check the BootOrder line. That tells you the order in which the firmware is set to try the various Boot#### options that follow. In my case, it tries Boot0000 (rEFInd (direct); \EFI\refind\refind_x64.efi) first, followed by Boot0003 (ubuntu; \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi), and so on. Chances are, yours is trying to boot a copy of shimx64.efi or shim.efi in \EFI\Microsoft\Boot first. This is failing because Shim's support files are missing, so the firmware moves on to the next item, which does work. (This is an educated guess on my part; I may be wrong about this, which is one of the dangers of proceeding!) Altering the BootOrder variable may fix this problem. You can do this with the -o option to efibootmgr, as in:

sudo efibootmgr -o 0003,0000,0007,2003,0001,2001,2002

In this example, I've specified a new boot order that swaps the first two items from my original entry. On my computer, the result would be Ubuntu's GRUB taking over from rEFInd as the primary boot program. Your system will almost certainly have a different set of entries and boot order than mine does, so you'll need to adjust your entries to match. Also, don't just swap things around randomly; take the time to read and comprehend what you're doing. The entry you specify as the first item should be a working boot program. (The BootCurrent entry should be a relatively safe thing to put first.) Failure to understand what you're doing with efibootmgr greatly increases the odds that you'll specify a boot order that will not work, which of course means that the computer will not boot! That, in turn, is why my recommendation remains that you ignore this minor cosmetic problem -- unless you know what you're doing, you run the risk of making things much worse!

EDIT: Given the efibootmgr output, my recommendation is to move 0001 to the start of the boot order, as in:

sudo efibootmgr -o 0001,0002,3002,0003,0005,0006,0008,2001,2002,2003

If things are set up sensibly, this should get it working correctly; however, I can make no guarantees about that. It's clear from the evidence that the system has relics of past installations, and it's not clear what precisely is causing the symptom being reported. It's simply my educated guess that Boot0001 will work correctly.

Also, Pilot6 is wrong in stating that the risk of mucking with the boot order is "not serious" -- or at the very best, we've got different ideas of what "not serious" is. I've seen plenty of posts from people who've ended up with systems that won't boot because they've deleted the wrong boot entries or rearranged the order in an inappropriate way. To an expert such as myself, these problems can be easily fixed; but to the average person, it can be a harrowing experience.


How move Firefox bookmarks from Windows to Ubuntu 11.10?

Backup and restoring

Manual backup

At the top of the Firefox window, click the Bookmarks menu and select Show All Bookmarks to open the Library window.
In the Library window, click the Import and Backup button and then select Backup....
In the Bookmarks backup filename window that opens, choose a location to save the file, which is named bookmarks-"date".json by default. The desktop is usually a good spot, but any place that is easy to remember will work.
Save the bookmarks json file. The Bookmarks backup filename window will close and you can close the Library window.

Restoring from backups

Caution: Restoring bookmarks from a backup will overwrite your current set of bookmarks with the ones in the backup file.

At the top of the Firefox window, click the Bookmarks menu and select Show All Bookmarks to open the Library window.
In the Library window, click the Import and Backup button and then select Restore.
Select the backup from which you want to restore:

The dated entries are automatic backups.
Choose File... lets you restore from a manual backup (see above).

After choosing a backup, your bookmarks from that file will be restored. Close the Library window.

Moving bookmarks to another computer

Using Firefox Sync

You can use Firefox Sync to move your bookmarks from one computer to another.
Note: Firefox Sync continuously updates itself as you change bookmarks, so it does not provide a true backup service, nor is it intended to be used as one.

Firefox Sync is the best way to keep your bookmarks (and other profile data) synchronized between all of the computers you use. See What is Firefox Sync? for more information and How to sync Firefox settings between computers for instructions on setting it up.
Using a bookmark backup file

Using a bookmark backup file

You can also use a bookmark backup file from one computer and restore it on another computer. This is useful if you can't Sync the two computers, for some reason.

The bookmark backup file can either be a manual backup (see above) or one of the automatic dated backups located inside the Firefox profile folder bookmarkbackups folder. Place the bookmark backup file on your transfer media (e.g. a Flash drive) and copy it to the desktop (or any location) of the other computer. You can then restore the backup from the Firefox Library window, using the Choose File... option, as described in the Restoring from backups section above.

Source: Derived from this article ("Back up your bookmarks or move them to another computer") by AliceWyman, Chris_Ilias, Verdi, scoobidiver, rnewman@mozilla.com, mluna, and greasemonkey.


Which lightweight Terminal Emulators supports Transparency?

Guake Terminal may work for you

sudo apt-get install guake

http://www.guake.org


I believe that, if you want footers, you have to write a custom hdr file and then select it with the --fancy-header option.  I have written one (below) that may work for you.

There is a nine-year-old bug report on this problem.  The approach in that bug report attempts a more comprehensive solution and requires re-compiling enscript.  My approach is not as comprehensive but eliminates the need for a re-compile.

This header file is based on simple.hdr.  To use it, copy and paste it into a file called, say, simple2.hdr, and, for system-wide use, place it in the directory /usr/share/enscript.  For personal use, it can be placed in the ~/.enscript/ directory:

% -- code follows this line --
%Format: fmodstr    $D{%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y}
%Format: pagenumstr $V$%

%HeaderHeight: 38
%FooterHeight: 15

/do_header {   % print default simple header

  % Footer
  gsave
    d_footer_x d_footer_y HFpt_h 3 div add translate
    HF setfont

    user_footer_p {
      d_footer_x  d_footer_y moveto user_footer_left_str show

      d_footer_w user_footer_center_str stringwidth pop sub 2 div
      0 moveto user_footer_center_str show

      d_footer_x d_footer_w add user_footer_right_str stringwidth pop sub
      d_footer_y moveto user_footer_right_str show
    } if
  grestore

  % Header
  gsave
    d_header_x d_header_y HFpt_h 3 div add translate
    HF setfont

    user_header_p {
      5 0 moveto user_header_left_str show

      d_header_w user_header_center_str stringwidth pop sub 2 div
      0 moveto user_header_center_str show

      d_header_w user_header_right_str stringwidth pop sub 5 sub
      0 moveto user_header_right_str show
    } {
      5 0 moveto fname show
      45 0 rmoveto fmodstr show
      45 0 rmoveto pagenumstr show
    } ifelse
  grestore

} def

Usage is quite simple.  You can then invoke it with something like:

enscript --fancy-header=simple2 --header="HEADER" --footer="LEFT|CTR|RIGHT"

Note that, although enscript supports many character sets, it does not support UTF-8.  Files that are not in a natively supported character set can be filtered through iconv first before passing them to enscript.


Black screen after reinstalling Nvidia graphics card

Your graphics card isn't compatible with the latest Nvidia 430 driver which isn't in the default repositories of any current Ubuntu release. You need to install an older graphics driver like nvidia-384 which is in the default repositories of Ubuntu 16.04. Uninstall the existing Nvidia proprietary graphics driver. To remove all the proprietary nvidia packages run the following commands.
sudo apt update
sudo apt remove '^nvidia'
sudo apt autoremove
sudo reboot

Remove the PPA that you used to install the Nvidia 430 driver from your software sources (/etc/apt/sources.list) if that PPA is still there, run sudo apt update and then run the following commands from the terminal.
sudo apt install nvidia-384
sudo reboot

Then fix the login loop by following the instructions in the answers to Ubuntu gets stuck in a login loop. If that doesn't fix the login loop, follow steps 5 and 6 in this answer.


As the user seems to have been off-line for quite a while, answering the question for it, so that other people will not try to solve "unsolved" questions:

In Lubuntu, go to Menu > Preferences > Keyboard Input Methods and where it says Next Input Method delete the bind to Ctrl+space.


KWin's wobbly windows do not work any more since I tried `i915_rc6_enable=1`

kwin will disable desktop effects when it detects issues with drivers or hardware.

To re-enable them you can go to KDE's system-settings. Or you may be able to just hit Alt+Shift+F12.


OpenSSH client not connecting after deleting id_rsa

You have removed your private keys.

  The private key is kept on the computer you log in from,
  while the public key is stored on the .ssh/authorized_keys
  file on all the computers you want to log in to.

Source

If you have no backup, you have to generate a new key pair and copy the public key to the server again.


Installed Virtualbox guest additions on host

No harm done. The package virtualbox-guest-additions  of the repositories will only install the CD-ROM .iso file in /usr/share/virtualbox/VBoxGuestAdditions.iso.

What may have happened however is that as a dependency you also had installed the OSE edition of Virtual Box from the repositories. This will override the installation of Virtual Box from the Oracle repository or a downloaded DEBIAN package. You will have to remove the OSE version again

sudo apt-get purge virtualbox

before you will be able to reinstall a newer version of Virtual Box. Your virtual machines will not be touched by this.


Ubuntu 17.10 stuck in login loop after installing CUDA-9 and nvidia driver 390

It looks like you added something to your .bashrc or .profile during installation of either cuda or cudnn and probably made a mistake while doing so. If you boot into recovery mode you should be able to login as root, navigate to your user's home directory and investigate those files to look for errors.

If you do not find the error immediately, just move the files out of the way by renaming them. This way you should at least be able to login again.

If that doesn't help, try the same with the global shell configuration files in /etc/bash.bashrc, /etc/profile and /etc/profile.d/*


I have found the answer. Apparently, Ubuntu does not ship the latest version of the Catalyst AMD driver (I have a Radeon) and because the shipped driver stopped supporting my card, it fell back to a standard driver.

All I had to do was install the latest AMD drivers and reconfig Compiz again.


This software is Panasonic Printer Driver for Linux.
You can print from applications by using CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) which is the printing system for Linux.

http://panasonic.net/pcc/support/fax/common/table/linuxdriver.html


Mouse position and movement inverted on a laptop (19.04)

Fixed, this issue is fixable by removing iio-sensor-proxy


When to upgrade/install Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

I have been running both 12.04 LTS and 13.10 for some time.

The recent Ubuntu versions (12.10, 13.04, and 13.10) have not always been stable (graphics drivers, obscure USB devices, CD/DVD playback, etc.). There have generally been no such issues with Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.

Initial testing (last 10 days) suggest that (apart from a few glitches on new features) this upcoming release will be as good as 12.04 LTS.

Wait three more weeks, and then migrate (or do a fresh install).


Why won't iTunes 7 (PlayOnLinux) recognized my iPhone/iPod?

I hope my answer won't be too generic, as I have little to no experience with iPods etc, but perhaps you might still find this useful.

The problem might be that Wine "sees" the iPod through the Linux drivers, which makes it very different from connecting your iPod through Windows or Mac. iTunes expects to see a USB device with a certain driver, and because Linux intervenes here, it will see a different one that it cannot recognise.

If this is true (and if anyone reads this, please correct me if you DID get your iPod to work through Wine), I'm afraid it will be very hard to get your iPod to work through Wine.

There are plenty of Linux native alternatives available though. For example, Rhythmbox claims to support iPods through its plugins.

If you want to read more on iTunes user experiences with Wine, try WineHQ.

Update: izx has another good idea if you want to run iTunes on your Linux machine and be able to synchronise your iPod: set up a virtual machine (e.g. through VirtualBox). If you then enable USB support you should be able to synchronise your stuff. Again, I cannot confirm this from my own experience, but it seems that izx is usually right :)


How can I make my windows "burn" when I close them?

Install CompizConfig Settings
Manager, and
Compiz-Plugins-Extra.

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Warning: What are some of the issues with CCSM and why would I want to avoid it?

sudo apt-get install compiz-plugins-extra
Launch CompizConfig Settings
Manager by searching from the dash
in Unity, or Preferences >
CompizConfig Settings Manager in
Ubuntu Classic.
Enable Animations, and
Animations Add-On.

Open Animations, and switch to
the Close Animation tab.

Double-click the first item in the
list.

A new window will appear, change the
Close Effect to Burn.

Please make sure you have the cellphone number of the nearest Fire Brigade available, because your system is about to catch fire... literally.


I installed SmoothDraw 4.0.5 with PlayOnLinux on Arch Linux (I know this is exclusively an Ubuntu forum but it should work the same for the most part). I believe I installed the dotnet40 or dotnet45 library during the installation (I definitely installed one of them, if not dotnet45 then I installed it afterwards by going into Settings > Install Components). It should theoretically work with simply dotnet40 but I did not one of the required libraries to be specifically that. I also tried installing mono but noticed something in the logs of it getting removed or something, though it is still installed on my system according to pacman (the default Arch Linux package manager), so I do not believe it is needed. But something that is needed for sure is to configure Wine so that the Windows version is set to "Windows 7". It was set to Windows 3.1 by default I think.
The colors are a little messed up. Choosing a color and/or tool may be a bit cumbersome, but I'm sure that with enough clicking around you can find your way. Also it may be hard to select different colors quickly, like Sal Khan of Khan Academy does in his videos. You can see a screenshot here.

Also regarding @An SO User's question regarding a Linux alternative (in the form of a comment on @jobin's answer), I find that the Paintbrush tool in GIMP is quite similar to the Pen tool in SmoothDraw.


App no longer displaying in Ubuntu Software

cool-retro-term is still available as a snap:

~$ snap find cool-retro-term
Name             Version  Publisher  Notes    Summary
cool-retro-term  1.1.1    flscogna   classic  cool-retro-term is a terminal emulator.

and can be installed with

snap install cool-retro-term

It's also available in gnome-software:

You need to have gnome-software-plugin-snap installed in your system to handle snap-applications with gnome-software though.


Is it just me or are the gedit plugins in 13.10 incomplete?

see here regarding session plugin

https://git.gnome.org/browse/gedit-plugins/commit/?id=7abf46cf9c6e3f12798e813ffeac28e3594167f0

You could look into this if inclined

https://github.com/sphax3d/gedit-sessionsaver


Had similar problem. Turned out that I've added wrong OS version to sources.list. See here:
https://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/downloads.html#ubuntu

When I changed from Vivid to Trusty the problem resolved.


Other distributions boot; Debian/Ubuntu based don't

Several points spring to mind:

Computers that ship with Ubuntu pre-installed often use customized versions of Ubuntu with special (more up-to-date) drivers and/or support software. Thus, it might not be possible to install a stock Ubuntu 14.04 on your laptop, even though it came with Ubuntu 14.04 pre-installed. You may have more luck with a more recent version of Ubuntu, since the support tends to work its way into later releases. I can't promise that, though. You may also have more luck by going to Dell to get media to re-install the original version of the OS.
"Legacy" mode support entails enabling the Compatibility Support Module (CSM), which provides a BIOS compatibility layer atop the native EFI firmware. This complicates the boot path, as described on this page of mine, which in turn can cause confusion and problems. These issues are worst on a dual-boot system; for booting just one OS, using BIOS/CSM/legacy-mode booting is less of a problem. I don't know whether your original configuration used BIOS-mode or EFI-mode booting. You might need to use whichever mode was used originally; and if that was EFI mode, as a general rule it's best to disable the CSM.
If Ubuntu boots with Secure Boot active, disabling it should not render Ubuntu unbootable. The only way disabling Secure boot might cause problems is if another (non-Ubuntu) boot loader exists earlier than the Ubuntu entry in the firmware's boot list in NVRAM, and if that boot loader is not properly signed. In this case, with Secure Boot active, the non-Ubuntu boot loader will be skipped; but with Secure Boot disabled, the non-Ubuntu boot loader will run. If that boot loader then crashes, reboots the computer, etc., you'll be looking at symptoms like what you describe.
Some EFIs are defective and either forget or ignore their boot manager entries in NVRAM. When this happens, booting the system requires copying or moving the boot loader (normally EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi) to the fallback filename (EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi; both names on the EFI System Partition [ESP]). Follow-on and support files, like grubx64.efi and grub.cfg, may also need to be moved.
Sometimes the NVRAM entries work fine for a while but then start failing. In this case, using the firmware setup tool's option to reset all options to the defaults usually works around the problem, although it's also often necessary to re-register the boot loader with the firmware.
You say you're writing from Fedora. If you've fully installed Fedora on the computer, its GRUB is probably controlling the boot process. Depending on when you tried to install Ubuntu (before or after Fedora) and precisely how you did each installation (BIOS vs. EFI mode, whether you deleted the existing ESP, etc.), you could be looking at Fedora's GRUB setup scripts doing the wrong thing in booting Ubuntu, the two distributions' GRUBs fighting over control of the boot process, or other distribution GRUB incompatibilities. My rEFInd boot manager often does a better job of managing a dual-boot of multiple Linux distributions than does GRUB, since it's less reliant on distribution-specific setup scripts and configuration files than is GRUB.

Overall, I suspect that some combination of the preceding issues is the source of your problems, but I can't be more specific because I don't know enough about your configuration or your symptoms. If I were to offer a suggestion at this point, it would be to disable the CSM and try to re-install Ubuntu 16.04.2, 16.10, or even the 17.04 RC (17.04 will be released in two days, on April 13 2017); and when doing so, delete all the partitions, including the ESP, to ensure that old boot loaders are deleted. That's pretty generalized advice, though. If you need more help, please run the Boot Info Script. This will generate a file called RESULTS.txt. Post that file to a pastebin site and post the URL to your document here.


Ubuntu server network autoconfigure failed

You can create a host-only network.

Stop your VM
Go to VirtualBox Manager
Go to File > Preferences...
Click on Network
Click on Host-only networks
Click on Add host-only network (the + icon on the right)
Click on OK
Go to VirtualBox Manager
Select your VM
Click on Settings
Click on Network
At Attached to select Host-only adapter
At Name select your host-only adapter
Click OK
Start your VM

Now log in and execute ifconfig eth0. You can access your VM from your host using the IP address displayed after inet addr.


Your best move would have been to install ATI via Jockey/Hardware driver applet, this way everything works out of the box. Since you installed it via the run file, did you follow the instructions for it from the AMD site. Did you do ati --config after installing the drivers?


What's the Linux equivalent to Windows batch files?

You need to learn to write bash scripts. These are the Linux equivalent of windows batch files. The syntax isn't too difficult to get your head around. I suggest googling as there are many great freely accessible tutorials.

I suggest BASH Programming - Introduction HOW-TO

Note that you will need to change your windows-style paths to Linux style. E.g.

my_drive_letter:\my_folder\myfile

becomes

/media/my_drive_label/my_folder/my_file


Error while booting says '/casper/vmlinuz not found’

Does your system meets the minimum requirements for your selected edition? Check that your ISO is for your architecture (32 vs 64 bit).
See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements
Lack of enough memory can cause boot failure of the install media. Select a
lower requirement edition like Lubuntu or Xubutnu if necessary.
Did you md5sum check the downloaded iso?   See
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM   Check the number
against the listing in the link for your release listed at
http://releases.ubuntu.com under the MD5SUMS link.   For other
releases' hashes, like lubuntu, see:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuHashes
If using a CD/DVD, did you burn the disc as slowly as possible?
See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto    If using
USB install media, use a  tool like unetbootin or rufus.     Don't
just copy files to the USB.
See     https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick
Did you select the media check before trying to install?      See
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/CDIntegrityCheck
Did you ever do a "memory check" (perhaps another live-media menu
choice) on your PC?

Doing the above can save you a lot of time struggling with a bad install media or hardware problems.


How to install all i386 libs to match installed 64 libs for 12.04

Have a look at https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO

In particular, run the following in sequence:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

If you still have un-upgraded packages, run sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -f as many times as needed till all packages are upgraded. If you still have un-upgraded pacakages try continuing and see if it works. Reboot. Then run:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update

To check this has been done, run dpkg --print-foreign-architectures, and look for the output i386. Then cycle through sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -f again.

Let us know if this works, and if you can successfully get your desired apps working.

NOTE

Make sure you have selected the "Main Server" for downloading software and updates in the "Software and Updates" settings. I've included the screenshot below so you can see what it looks like. I'm not on Ubuntu right now so I'm not sure how to get there, but it shouldn't be so hard to find.


Bad quality and playback issues when playing video with VLC

for me SMPlayer works the best and it plays h264 flawlessly. Did you install sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras? and after installing new driver you need to configure X to use it properly. How to config AMD and this can also come in handy.


What Have you done after downloading the Ubuntu for your c710.

Maybe you have to make a bootable USB-Stick and boot from it and install ubuntu.
How to make a bootable USB-Stick: How do you make USB bootable on chromebook

Hope this helps.


Install and use gparted to format the usb-drive. It is safish to simply restart your computer, considering you want to wipe the drive and it was "broken" before. Takes about a minute to format 2GB drive.


Please check my answer here:

Remote desktop for multiple users

X2go and ssh Works with better support and features for linux remote desktop. (Like, file sharing, clipboard sharing, sound over net, web client, etc).

There are other ways to do it, but it worked for me, so I post it.


What happens after 14.10 expires? Can I upgrade to 15.10 or do I have to reinstall?

You can not directly upgrade from 14.10 to 15.10
If you want to go from 14.10 directly to 15.10 you need to re-install.
You can upgrade from 14.10 to 15.04, and then from 15.04 to 15.10
When 14.10 expires, support on Ask Ubuntu ends
When 14.10 expires, you do not get any more updates. If you can live with that you can keep using 14.10 till the end of the world. It is not advised though. We suggest you upgrade to 15.04.


Usually you would have an unencrypted /boot and an extended partition (sda2 in this example) which have inside the LUKS partition. In this case is sda5

$ lsblk # check also with lsblk -f
sda                       8:0    0 931,5G  0 disk
├─sda1                    8:1    0   731M  0 part  /boot
├─sda2                    8:2    0     1K  0 part
└─sda5                    8:5    0 930,8G  0 part
  └─sda5_crypt          253:0    0 930,8G  0 crypt
    ├─ubuntu--vg-root   253:1    0 929,8G  0 lvm   /
    └─ubuntu--vg-swap_1 253:2    0   976M  0 lvm   [SWAP]

$ sudo cryptsetup isLuks -v /dev/sda5
Command successful.

sudo cryptsetup luksDump /dev/sda5 for cipher name, mode, and more info.


Draw arrows between several combined screenshots

There are a number of graphics editors that can do what you want. Import your screenshots, add the arrows and export the result to a new graphics file in the format you need.
Next to the very powerful and well known Gimp, more simple and lightweight bitmap editors can be found in Software. You can also achieve the same result in vector graphics programs. These invariably offer the option to export the result to a bitmap graphic. Draw or Impress from the LibreOffice suite could be used. Also Inkscape can be used.


BootRepair doesn't start when trying to recover boot

I ran into this issue with with my new Dell XPS 8700. Fortunately before even first booting the hard drive with windows 10 on it I Clonezilled and dd the entire base build so if I got into trouble I could restore to the original factory burn. Newer computers with Windows 8 and 10 use EFI partitioning instead of the old MBR schema. The information where your computer boot data is normally stored in the partition /dev/sda1. Back up that /dev/sda1 and keep it safe. If that partition becomes corrupted the whole system crashes. For me the Grub2 loader, wasn't the issue it was a corrupted EFI partition. No Boot repair is going to fix this problem.

Like you I tried to re partition the windows 10 drive to make room for Ubuntu. Bad mistake.  I used the Live CD version of GParted  and wound up with multiple partitions also and then when booting up again Windows 10 distroyed the Grub 2 boot loader on update. After 3 tries of restoring the original factory build and then trying to re-partition I used a utility call gdisk to see what is going on with the EFI partition (/dev/sda1).

Unless you are experienced with working with this utility I wouldn't attempt to do a repair with it. I tried and made things worst.  Anyway I saw that Windows had rewritten over the /dev/sda1 partition and all data relating to grub2 parameters was lost.

Ok so how did I finally get my partitions resized to what I wanted them to?
After all this installing and uninstalling I ran Dban to clean up the hard drive for there was so much trash on that drive I figured it couldn't hurt. I restored my computer hard drive to factory state inserted the Ubuntu 15.10 disk in and ran through the usual questions for re-installation and used the partitioning tool utility in the install disk to resize my partitions to the size I wanted. (Normally you get to that tool by picking something else on how do you want to install Ubuntu). Then I installed Ubuntu into the new partition manually (refer to the Ubuntu manual if you do not know how to do this). After booting grub came up and I ran windows and ubuntu and all were happy. I tested to see what happened after doing Windows and Ubuntu updates by using gdisk and the efi partition was still in tack in concerns to my /dev/sda1 partition. Never ever touch that partition without backing it up.

So my suggestion is to first see if my scenario is applicable to your computer. Your description is so close to the experience I had it could well be. If your using a legacy MBR/BIOS boot then none of this is applicable. Since the default of most Windows 10 installations require EFI I'm assuming that is what your computer is using.

If your situation seems similar to mine I would highly suggest backing up any data which may be on your hard drive and restoring to close to factory state as possible. My Dell had a restore disk which did a fairly decent job of putting back all the partitions correctly. I only used the clonezilla backups because I wanted to better understand what is actually going on and starting from scratch was the best way to do it.
Load the Live Ubuntu CD disk in. I'd highly suggest using 15.10 + because it understands EFI partitioning much better than its predecessors. I had trouble partitioning with 14.04 LTS. Partition the way you would like to and install Ubuntu into the manually created partition. Be aware to give Windows 10 enough room to work.
Run through the Ubuntu install process and hope for the best.

Some pointers

If you decide to use Clonezilla for a backup, and use images, make sure you save (saveparts) each partition separately. If you make one image of your hard drive Clonezilla screws up the restore because it gets confused between mbr and efi or uefi.
Make sure before doing a Clonezilla backup that your windows 10 is fully updated. There is a dirty bit flag in Windows that Clonezilla picks up and unless you check in the advanced setting to ignore it the program will not copy your windows partition. Best way to avoid this is to make sure Windows is fully updated.
I would suggest for the first backup also do a dd. It's a pain but no matter what it will restore your drive to the original state.
Make sure you use the latest of any software to insure there is a fighting chance the program understands efi. There are plenty of them out there that don't and if that efi partition is not updated trouble will ensue. As mentioned I found the Ubuntu 15.10 Live CD did a pretty decent job on making sure the EFI partition (/dev/sda1) was updated but GParted crashed the hard drive.
DBan did not run from an EFI partition boot and I had to change the Setup Utility to legacy MBR/Bios boot in order to get that program to work. Use that program with caution because it will completely wipe out your hard drive data! You could skip this step but if your getting to many problems occurring I found this cleared them out for me.

As always proceed with caution and best of luck.

ZV


Can not connect remotly with X11 and SSH? err: Can't open display, What's wrong?

X forwarding can be disabled on the server side. If the server is running OpenSSH, X11Fowarding must be explicitly set to yes in /etc/ssh/sshd_config. Unfortunately, if the option isn't set, there's nothing you can do other than running your own server or setting up a port forwarding manually with -R (if you do that, you don't benefit from automatic port allocation or xauth cookie handling).


How to reassociate torrent download in Firefox to another torrent program

In Firefox preferences, under the applications tab, you should be able to set the application for downloading magnet links. If qbittorrent doesn't appear in the dropdown, you can select "Use other..." and navigate to /usr/bin/qbittorrent.


How do I re-enable shadow in Lubuntu 11.10?

Lubuntu doesn't have shadow effects by default. If you look at the Lubuntu website screenshots, none of them have shadow effects. Sorry.

If you do want shadows, you have a few options. The lightest weight option is to install xcompmgr. Here is the "how-to."

First, let's install xcompmgr. In the terminal, type:

sudo apt-get install xcompmgr

However, installing xcompmgr is useless unless you set it to autostart at login. This part is a bit trickier. The simple method is to create a .desktop file and place it in the directory ~/.config/autostart. Hint: if you don't know how to show hidden files, simply press "[CONTROL]+h".

Copy-paste the following into the desktop file:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Type=Application
Name=xcompmgr
Name[en_US]=xcompmgr
Exec=xcompmgr -c -C -t-5 -l-5 -r4.2 -o.55 &
StartupNotify=true

When you're finished, your autostart directory should look similar to this:

You might have other items or less items in this directory, but you should at least see the xcompmgr file.

One final note about shadows. You have a lot of options. I copied and pasted an example from the Arch site for the 'Exec' part of the desktop file. Play around and find something that works for you. I found drop shadows really slowed down my system. It's all up to you!

Credit: LubuntuTips


I would personally opt for a clean install.

Boot to a LiveCD, backup your home files (which should all be accessible still) and any others that you want to keep to another drive and reinstall. The whole process takes about half an hour (depending on how much stuff you have) and you get a shiny clean install.

You might want to try recovering the upgrade process first - just in case it's that simple. From the LiveCD, open a terminal and run:

sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt # swap sdXY for your drive/partition
sudo chroot /mnt
apt-get update
apt-get -f dist-upgrade


You can play all kinds of videos in the default media player i.e. Totem also.

Just need to install the plugins for different codecs.

Try this :

$ sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins*

I you will have tons formats supported.


Kill any programs like update-manager,software center. Still if the problem exists, remove the lock file. rm -f /var/lib/dpkg/lock and try the command you were trying again.

Also, surely there is no virus in your system, Keep Calm !!!


At present with the current version of Bumblebee (3.0) this is not possible. Running optirun compiz --replace results in a segmentation fault. This would be a topic to bring up on the Bumblebee forums. However, running compiz using the accelerated graphics completely ruins the whole point of Bumblebee, which is to only run applications which require more graphics capabilities on the better GPU, therefore saving battery life. Running compiz, a process which runs all the time, on the higher power consumption GPU would cause a significant loss of battery life. So, while you may be able to accomplish this by asking at the Bumblebee forums, you are circumventing the whole point of having Bumblebee.


How can I run two screens from two separate GPUs?

So uhh... This is a little embarrassing... I uhh my umm. Okay. I'll say it. My SLI cord came undone.

I have got it working now. Although I also had to change my xorg file from using DPF-0 screen to DVI-I-0.

Yep.


During Ubuntu install, did you choose to have Ubuntu co-exist with other OS? Like Windows? If you can now boot into Windows and as I understand you can, try installing Ubuntu again but carefully select the right option, that is to have Ubuntu co-exist with Windows.

You might already have Linux partitions, since you had Ubuntu at one point in time, so you might want to delete those partitions if no data is there to keep, via the install Wizard, that takes care of the Ubuntu install. This will result in a clean install, for you.

EDIT: Ubuntu by default, I think opts for multi-boot setup. But to restore and not install again, you could try this link: Grub restore

Worked for me a few times when Windows 7 re-install changed the bootloader to it's own version.


As i found a solution, I will leave it here. In the kernel, you have to pass as boot parameter (after quiet splash ---) "idle=nomwait nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=5500"


Is there a way to locale user folders without changing actual names?

You can create hard links for its directory. FOr example.

  ln     ~/Downloads/   ~/Desktop/Загрузки

  ln    ~/Documents  ~/Desktop/Документы

After if you will show this folders in your Desktop.


Is there a way to find out if a kernel upgrade removed Apache?

Under normal circumstances, Apache will not be removed during a dist-upgrade.

You can normally find upgrade logs at /var/log/dist-upgrade if that is the method that was used to upgrade.


The username is probably mysql, not "MySQL Server" or "MySQL". Remember, everything in Linux is case sensitive.

You can also find out the exact username by running grep -i mysql /etc/passwd and take a look at the first word, that's the username.


Function button for WIFI ignition does not work with UBUNTU 18.04.1 LTS

I notice the same problem was present also on another Gnome based distro (Manjaro gnome ) and now I personally verified on my HP Pavilion g6-2306el  that with last gnome updates,  WI-FI ignition works well on that distro. So I'm very confident that in a very short time the same problem will be solved also in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS gnome based.


Bq Aquaris M10: stuck on boot logo after switching channels

You need to reflash with the image from bq support site http://www.mibqyyo.com/en-download/ using the flash tools for Linux they provide.

Similar to this process.
https://www.google.co.uk/url?q=http://www.ubuntugear.com/2015/02/flash-ubuntu-on-bq-aquaris.html%3Fm%3D1&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwjWgsONlu3MAhWQHsAKHTOIB_YQFggVMAM&usg=AFQjCNFGVFJuEGQTc06jw4ReNES9SPso7g


MIDI Synthesizer recording software in Ubuntu 14.04

If you're looking for a DAW or Music Production Software, I recommend LMMS, Ardour, or Rosegarden as they all support MIDI using the ALSA driver. LMMS is by far the easiest one to get working with straight out of the box, but the others may offer different functionality. They all have a somewhat steep learning curve.

This sounding fairly opinion based, my favorite mixing software is LMMS, and I can verify that it does work with a MIDI keyboard to USB because I have one.


Why do Epson R360 and HP5020 USB printers randomly disconnect on various Ubuntu versions (currently 17.10)?

I was on the correct line with the autosuspend settings and further searches led me to Cups, troubleshooting USB printers on wiki.archlinux.The solution that worked for me was:

USB autosuspend
The Linux kernel automatically suspends USB devices when there is driver support and the devices are not in use. This can save power, but some USB printers think that they are disconnected when the kernel suspends the USB port, preventing printing. This can be fixed by deactivating autosuspend for the specific device, see Power management#USB autosuspend.

This page states:

USB autosuspend
The Linux kernel can automatically suspend USB devices when they are not in use. This can sometimes save quite a bit of power, however some USB devices are not compatible with USB power saving and start to misbehave (common for USB mice/keyboards). udev rules based on whitelist or blacklist filtering can help to mitigate the problem.

I used Ubuntu's logs app again to find the vendor and product id's (I could have used ctrl-alt-t for a terminal then lsusb for a list of usb devices). I then used gedit to write the following code and save it to the desktop in a file named "50-usb_power_save.rules".
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Power_management#USB_autosuspend
# insert into etc/udev/rules.d
# blacklist for usb autosuspend
# HP5520 printer scanner
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="03f0", ATTR{idProduct}=="b111", GOTO="power_usb_rules_end"

# Epson R360 printer
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="04b8", ATTR{idProduct}=="082c", GOTO="power_usb_rules_end"

ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", TEST=="power/control", ATTR{power/control}="auto"
LABEL="power_usb_rules_end"

I then opened nautilus and ctrl-l to call up an address bar and entered admin: followed by my password (twice?). Next I navigated to etc/udev/rules.d and dropped the file from my desktop to that location. A reboot and so far everything is working fine.
A bit more research indicated linux has an issue with the USB protocols (XHCI, OHCI and EHCI) though I don't pretend to understand what.

In essence, this is not really a USB hardware problem, but perhaps
more a Linux problem. The actual fault lies with a misinterpretation
of the eXtensible Host Controller Interface (xHCI) specification. This
issue previously did not exist with the older Enhanced Host Controller
Interface (EHCI) specification. A «Sharp» explanation is available
online.

from Fixing USB Autosuspend by Serge Y. Stroobandt on hamwaves.com
EDIT:
I spoke too soon. The problem seemed better, but after a while I noticed that the printer was still disconnecting, I think until the printer went on standby itself, then it stayed connected and worked fine. It seems the cure lies in the motherboard settings.
My ASUS F1 A75-V motherboard has 3 settings that seem to be involved in the advanced section, USB Configuration.

Legacy USB Support [default = enabled]
Legacy USB3.0 Support [enabled]
EHCI Hand-off [disabled]

With all three disabled, the printer seems to be working properly and the only thing I can see is that the printer no longer shows up in the BIOS as a mass storage device.
I realise this is an untidy solution and possibly two separate answers but I haven't time at the moment to delve any deeper and back track to narrow down the solution to one particular point.


while setting upstart in application giving error

Ubuntu 8.04 includes an older version of Upstart that stored its configuration files in /etc/event.d.  So you should either put your configuration file in that directory, or upgrade to a more recent version of Ubuntu that stores Upstart configuration files in /etc/init.


2 methods to find out what you did wrong:

  Local search on "dares" tells you the package name is "dares" and not "dares-qt"

sudo apt-cache search dares
dares - rescue files from damaged CDs and DVDs (ncurses-interface)

  On-line search in the packages list

It seems that the software got renamed after Ubuntu Precise and is now called dares

package dares-qt is in universe Lucid and Precise. No other versions.
package dares is in Universe. Link goes to the trusty version.

"universe" is enabled by default so drop the "-qt" from your command.

Executing from my system installs it

sudo apt-get install dares
[sudo] password for rinzwind:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  gtk2-engines-pixbuf libboost-program-options1.55.0 libcrypt-blowfish-perl
  libcrypt-cbc-perl libcrypt-rijndael-perl libexpect-perl
  libgtk2-ex-simple-list-perl libgtk2-gladexml-perl libio-stty-perl
  libkeybinder0 libnet-arp-perl libnet-pcap-perl libnet-proxy-perl
  libossp-uuid-perl libossp-uuid16 linux-headers-3.16.0-22
  linux-headers-3.16.0-22-generic linux-image-3.16.0-22-generic
  linux-image-extra-3.16.0-22-generic python-keybinder
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  dares

...

This installs the software itself.

If you want the GUI... you could try to install the precise version (http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/amd64/dares-qt/download download the deb and try to install it with USC by doubleclicking it).

Alternatives

dvdisaster. GUI. Problem: Error correction data must be created before the medium fails, preferably at the same time the medium is written.
foremost. command line from the looks of it.
ddrescue. command line.

Software to rescue files mostly focusses on getting those files. So they tend to be command line.


After further investigating this issue I found out that the problem was with the Chrome browser.

In order to fix this you need to disable hardware acceleration.
Chrome -> Settings -> Uncheck Use hardware acceleration when avaialable.


Keyboard Shortcut: How to switch to previously active windows in another workspace

There is a setting that allows the Window Switcher cycle through windows on all workspaces. You can set it as following:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.window-switcher current-workspace-only false

To set so only windows of the current workspace are shown:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.window-switcher current-workspace-only true

The application by default switches across workspaces.


4kvideodownloader launcher doesn't start

An error like this

 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.27' not found (required by libavformat.so.58)

is caused when you want to execute a program which requires a different (in this case newer) version of some libraries ( in this case libc and libm ) and that is not available in your system. You can solve this by downloading the portable version which have all of the needed libraries in its package.( Note the difference in size : 67.1 MB vs 82.9 MB )

Looks like they haven't released that package for 16.04 .Maybe 18 or 20.


What was the first version of Ubuntu and where can I find it?

Ubuntu's version numbers are made using the year and month of their release date: Ubuntu 12.04 was released in April 2012, Ubuntu 11.10 on October 2011 and so on.

Ubuntu 4.10 was released in October 2004 and is the first Ubuntu release. As there wasn't any Ubuntu version released in 2001 there is no Ubuntu 1.x.

The image(s) are currently available here. It supported x86, powerpc and x86_64 - but of course this release is not currently supported!


Difference between apt-get compilation and manual compilation from source

When you install library or any other package using apt-get, it is always stable so most recommended because they are tested and repositories are well maintained by developers. When you install library or any other packages by  compiling source code , chances are less to be stable. Sometimes it also causes problems.

Replacing src with apt versions of library will be not compatible and creates problems.

For more Information glance at Ubuntu.


I can´t install Cinammon on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

That PPA is no longer maintained. Instead, the nightly PPA (ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-nightly) is maintained, but you won't be able to use it on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.

You can get Cinnamon from an alternative PPA. Use the following steps:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tsvetko.tsvetkov/cinnamon
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cinnamon

These steps are from this WebUpd8 article.


Can't edit with gksudo (Duplicate entry in source.list)

The tutorial you followed is pretty old. Indicates to Ubuntu 10.10 and Ubuntu 11.04 and interferes a debian source.

Ubuntu 10.10 is EOL from April 2012 and Ubuntu 11.04 will EOL soon (tomorrow :P )

Have a look here : https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases

Now , to remove the duplicate entries

to remove the duplicate entries (I suggest to remove any entry relative to VirtualBox) open gedit with root permissions with this command

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

If for any reason gksudo not working , you can use nano editor like this

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

With nano editor , when you complete your changes , save the changes with this keys

combination Ctrl+X then Y(es) and then Enter

After this , run in terminal

sudo apt-get update to update the sources.list

Install Virtual-box

Two versions of VirtualBox are available in Ubuntu. The first is the Open Source Edition and you can install it with this simple command in terminal

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-ose

and the other is the closed source edition (preferred by many people) and you can download and install it from Oracle's website , here: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

Summary

Remove the duplicate entries
Remove completely virtualbox with this command

sudo apt-get remove --purge virtualbox-*

Install virtualbox either from Ubuntu's repositories or from Oracle's website

Further informations about VirtualBox installation and configuration can be found here:

Ubuntu community wiki - VirtualBox


How to use PATH env variable to read /etc/shadow file being regular user

The problem is this case is that system("ls") would run whichever executable named ls it finds first in the user's set PATH.
This ls does not necessarily have to list the contents of a directory. Instead it could be a script like this:
#!/bin/sh
cat /etc/shadow

Let's say you place this script somewhere in a directory below your home directory, for example /home/datashark/bin and add this to your PATH:
PATH="/home/datashark/bin:$PATH"

If you now run ls, you will not get a directory listing, instead you will receive an error message:
cat: /etc/shadow: Permission denied

But if you run bad_ls, the system("ls")-call therein will also look for a executable named ls in your PATH and find and /home/datashark/bin/ls instead of /bin/ls. As bad_ls runs with elevated root permissions, the script named ls will (on certain systems - see below) also run with elevated root permissions and so will the command cat /etc/shadow, which will print the contents of /etc/shadow.
So it is a bad idea for root to let normal users run bad_ls as long as it has SUID privileges, because it would run any program named ls that comes first in the user's PATH.

Note:
This does not work on every Linux system. For example, it will not, according to man 3 system, work on systems where /bin/sh is or links to an (unpatched) bash of version 2 or newer (2.0 was released in 1996). bash drops privileges on startup. This does not only effect the ls script but also the call system() before, as system() passes the command to /bin/sh.
It may work on other distributions that do not use bash as /bin/sh. Contrary to the the information stated in the project, Ubuntu (like Debian and probably most derivatives of either) uses dash and not bash as /bin/sh and has been doing so since version 6.10 (from 2006! See this page in the Ubuntu Wiki). It seems that with recent versions of Ubuntu (at least 16.04) dash and therefore /bin/sh are patched to automatically drop SUID permissions (Look for "priv" in man dash).


Add maas stable repo from https://launchpad.net/~maas-maintainers, and install maas.

$ sudo maas shell


I experienced the same problem. Now it is solved. Use the following process.
Just Install Ubuntu to the same drive where it was previously. It will give the GRUB menu again. Then you can be able to boot Windows and Ubuntu both. So then using Windows Format or delete the ubuntu drive BUT DON"T restart, install  MBR(similar to grub but it is for windows) then restart. It will give you a system with windows only with full space.
Shibnath


Can't access my www directory apache(did network share the folder)

I'm not sure what you mean by sharing, but if you are typing localhost/www into the web browser you should change it to just localhost or 127.0.0.1. The www folder is the root of your web server and any path that you enter will be relative to it. For example if a folder is called /var/www/test on you machine then the address would be localhost/test when viewed from the same computer.

Also note that if you are viewing the web page from another computer, you need to use the real IP address or host name. You can find this by typing ifconfig in the terminal. For example, on my computer at home it says, among other things, inet addr:10.0.0.15. This means that I need to type 10.0.0.15 in a web browser to access the web server from another computer on the same network.


Snappy Loop partition on encrypted disk concern

It is a loopback mount. This type of mount  is a "virtual" thing on your disk, and how some image types are read. It will not affect your encryption. Snap packages are squashfs images, and are loopback mounted, so they may be used.


Wifi works but doesn't start automatically on ubuntu 11.10

You may be have a common issue with a clash between the asus-wmi kernel module and your asus driver.

Suggestion - copy and paste (line by line) the following into a terminal:

sudo modprobe -r asus-wmi

cd /etc/modprobe.d

sudo nano blacklist.conf

Then add blacklist asus-wmi as a new line at the end of the file.

Save and reboot.


Keyboard constant "Enter" key after 17.04 upgrade

I figured it out. I needed to install xserver-xorg-input-all and then it worked. See the answer here:

Updated from 16.04 to 16.10; the keyboard and mouse no longer works after getting to the lock screen


Like osarusan linked, sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager, then opening compiz' general options and setting to either prefer smaller monitor or prefer larger monitor has completely resolved the issue for me.


Bluetooth device paired and connected (no sound)

I'm on Ubuntu gnome 16.04. Solution is to enable auto-detection, pair the headset again and select it in the list of output audio devices.

Change #AutoEnable=false to AutoEnable=true in the  /etc/bluetooth/main.conf (notice new line is un-commented)
Unpair the headset
Restart the bluetooth service sudo /etc/init.d/bluetooth restart
Pair your headset again and connect it
Go to sound settings. From the output device tab you should now see the headset listed along with other output device like internal speakers
Choose it as the sound output device.


Mouse and Keyboard will not work Windows 7 Dual Boot

when you boot from win 7 try to plug out both mouse and keyboard & plug them again at same port. If it doesn’t solve your problem then try different port.


How to remove Chromium browser without removing Lubuntu Desktop

Chromium is specified as a dependency of the lubuntu-desktop package, so uninstalling it will cause the lubuntu-desktop package to be uninstalled.  However, lubuntu-desktop is only a metapackage; removing it will not actually uninstall the Lubuntu desktop environment.

The only problem you will have is that when you upgrade to the next version of Lubuntu, the lubuntu-desktop package will be reinstalled and with it Chromium.


It looks like one package installed nvidia drivers even though I only have intel graphics. I removed it and followed the following topic and it finally worked for me

Switch from NVidia to internal Intel HD graphics - OpenGL does not work


How to convert unconvertable & unviewable .ts files?

If you are using 12.04, please install Mediainfo and paste the metadata of the file into your question. If I recall correctly WinFF is nothing more than a GUI to FFmpeg. Are you sure the file is not protected by DRM or some other mechanisms?

Usually transport streams captured from TV can contain frame drops or other glitches. If that's the case and you couldn't fix this on Windows with the usual tools like tsRemuxer, things will get messy and ugly.


Bluetooth won't connect to device (firmware patch file not found)

Those files are not (yet) in the linuxfirmware package, so try getting them from github:
https://github.com/winterheart/broadcom-bt-firmware/blob/master/brcm/BCM20702B0-19ff-0239.hcd
Etc.
Copy the downloaded hcd file(s) into /lib/firmware/brcm
And reboot to see if they are picked up.


How can I back up my Linux partitions to my Windows partition on a dual-boot machine (and restore after)?

Separate external hard disk drive to store the backup

It is a good idea to backup to another drive, but a bad idea to backup to the same drive, because the whole drive might crash. I suggest that you get a separate external hard disk drive, where to store the backup.

Cloned image

You can use Clonezilla to create a compressed image of your whole drive (all partitions, the boot sector and the partition table too). The compressed image is a directory with several files. See this link

clonezilla.org

Clonezilla is used to restore from the image too. In order to rely on the backup, you should test that it works by restoring to another (fresh) drive or at least the same size as the original drive.

Backup of files

It is more convenient to backup and restore all important files with a backup tool, that works on the file level. There are several tools for it. A basic text mode tool is rsync, which is very powerful. It is the engine under the hood of many graphical backup tools, and it can be used 'naked' or from a simple script or alias (with a command line). See this link

help.ubuntu.com/community/BackupYourSystem


Why doesn't my dvd/cd-rom show up with the "mount" command?

This looks like an audio CD. Audio CDs can't be mounted because they don't have a file system. But most desktop environments create something like a "fake mount" for audio CDs and some other devices so the users can easily access them like mountable devices (for GTK bases desktop environments like Unity and GNOME this is actually done by GIO).

You can identify those "fake mounts" as they are not shown as a file system path starting with / but as URIs starting with something like cdda://.

mount doesn't know anything about those "fake mounts".


Another black screen after Nvidia driver installing

Try removing bumblebee that is reported to be the source of problem with latest Nvidia drivers:

sudo apt-get --purge remove bumblebee

If this doesn't work, try purging all propietary Nvidia installed through the .run file, reinstall nvidia-331 through PPA, then remove/purge bumblebee.

This worked for me in 13.10 (x64): Problem with Nvidia driver 331.20 on ubuntu 13.10 (64bit)


Can I copy wireless drivers from one Ubuntu to another?

i dont recommended you to copy drive with any ways if you can go to terminal then

sudo lspci -v

and write name of network card  and we "ll help you

sorry for my bad English


No WiFi networks listed on 19.04 with Intel Wifi Link 5350

I suggest that you try the latest mainline stable kernel from Ubuntu. Please check your architecture; i.e. 32- or 64-bit:

arch

Assumming that it is x86_64, that is, 64-bit, then download these files:

https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.1.6/linux-headers-5.1.6-050106_5.1.6-050106.201905311031_all.deb

https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.1.6/linux-headers-5.1.6-050106-generic_5.1.6-050106.201905311031_amd64.deb

https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.1.6/linux-image-unsigned-5.1.6-050106-generic_5.1.6-050106.201905311031_amd64.deb

https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.1.6/linux-modules-5.1.6-050106-generic_5.1.6-050106.201905311031_amd64.deb

By default, downloads go to your folder Downloads. Open a terminal and run:

cd ~/Downloads
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

After installation completes, reboot and show us:

sudo modprobe iwlwifi && dmesg | grep iwl


Symbolic link permission denied, shared folder over cifs

You can't create symlinks on CIFS/samba shares. Symbolic links are intrinsic parts of the filesystem where the files are stored (aka the remote physical disk) and you can't modify the inodes of those unless you have direct access to the drive, which you don't due the characteristics of the CIFS protocol.
Simply put, you can't unless you are in the remote system itself.
There's an extension that would allow you to create symlinks from the remote server, but both the server must support it and you must mount the share which such option:

sfu
When the CIFS Unix Extensions are not negotiated, attempt to create device files and fifos in a format compatible with Services for Unix (SFU). In addition retrieve bits 10-12 of the mode via the SETFILEBITS extended attribute (as SFU does). In the future the bottom 9 bits of the mode mode also will be emulated using queries of the security descriptor (ACL). [NB: requires version 1.39 or later of the CIFS VFS. To recognize symlinks and be able to create symlinks in an SFU interoperable form requires version 1.40 or later of the CIFS VFS kernel module.

Your user would also need permission in the server side to create symlinks.


MythTV lost recordings - "No recordings available" and no recording rules either

As you just upgraded to 12.04, I would also recommend adding the Mythbuntu Repos and updating MythTV to the latest 0.25 build as there have been many fixes.


What software is available for drawing plans?

There's some alternatives like FreeCad, It seems to be a good software I used before a twice of times but for time I can't explore fully.

sudo apt-get install freecad


fsck

Let's check your file system...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in "Try Ubuntu" mode
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

memtest

Let's run a memory test...

Go to https://www.memtest86.com/ and download/run their free memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass of all the 4/4 tests to confirm good memory. This may take a few hours to complete.

Update #1:

Your DELL Inspiron P75F has BIOS version 1.2.3 which is current.

Update #2:

Recent free -h commands indicate that memory is full. Add memory. Make sure you do it in matched pairs... so if you've got one 8G DIMM now, add a matching 8G DIMM. If you've got two 4G DIMMS now, then replace them with two 8G DIMMs. You can use sudo lshw -C memory to see how your memory is configured now.


Can I have full Linux on an external HDD?

Yes, you can have a full linux operating system installed on an external hdd. See these links,

Boot Ubuntu from external drive
Installation/UEFI-and-BIOS

You can also have a persistent live Ubuntu system according to these links,

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb
mkusb/persistent

Symlinks work, they relate to the mount point and directory path, not to the drive's device letter.
Unless you explicitly write to the internal drive, nothing will be written there.
Things are complicated, if you have encrypted your internal drive. Otherwise, the data will be possible to access at least 'with sudo' (to get elevated permissions).
You probably need some authorization to access the network.
If you can boot from the external drive (USB or eSATA), this should not affect the internal drive, but some UEFI systems are tricky. For example, if you boot Windows, while your external drive is connected, and Windows does some updates/upgrades, booting your external drive might be damaged.
Old computers boot only in BIOS alias legacy mode. Most new computers (from around 2011) can boot both in UEFI mode and BIOS mode alias CSM alias legacy mode.
The UEFI/BIOS system can be protected with a password, and if that is the case you need the password to boot. The owner will not be happy if you try to bypass it.


Keyboard Layout settings do not survive reboot

You can access your keyboard layout settings using dconf-editor. Start it from Dash, navigate to org →  gnome → libgnomekbd → keyboard and select the layout key. Here is my dconf window:

As you can see, I use Russian layout along with English. Also, options key holds switching combination. I suppose you should set these keys to ['us', 'il'] and ['grp\tgrp:lalt_lshift_toggle'] correspondingly.


Password for Live Session User in Ubuntu/Gnome 16.04

You need to set a password as soon as you login. To do this, run the following command in a terminal:

passwd

Then, press enter if it asks for the current password because it should currently be blank.

Then, type a password when it asks you to and then press enter.

Confirm the password by typing it in again when you are asked to do so and then press enter .

You should now be able to log out and then back in again using this password.

note: You may need to do this again the next time you boot up using the USB stick.


I've upgraded the php-fpm version from 7.1 to 7.2 but I forgot to update my nginx.conf file.

Change From:

fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.1-fpm.sock;

To:

fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;

I feel so stupid right now.


You can insert some python script inside your bash script to check for passwords in your keyring.

1) Open seahorse and copy the name of your password (example "Ubuntu One").

2) Inside your script, this is how you can get the password (change "Ubuntu One" to the name of your password).

#!/bin/bash
password=`
python << END
import gnomekeyring as gk

keyring = gk.get_default_keyring_sync()
keyItems = gk.list_item_ids_sync(keyring)

if not gk.get_info_sync(keyring).get_is_locked():
    for i in keyItems:
        key = gk.item_get_info_sync(keyring, i)
        if  key.get_display_name() == 'Ubuntu One':
            print key.get_secret()
END`

echo "This is the password in your keyring which name is \"Ubuntu One\": $password "
exit 0


Does Snappy explicitly include webapps as a use-case?

Snaps are definitely not just for desktop applications. Snaps work great for that use-case, but they make even more sense when you start considering IoT-type devices, where they need to be kept secure and remotely upgradeable. This is why Ubuntu Core was created, which is based entirely upon snaps (including the kernel and OS).

Consider the Nextcloud Box, which is based on Ubuntu Core, where Nextcloud (a web application) is packaged as a snap. Not only are web applications a valid use-case for snaps, they are a perfect one.


Is there a human readable strace alternative?

A guy called Ole Tange coded the tool that you're describing. Take a look here https://gitlab.com/ole.tange/tangetools/tree/master/tracefile. The tracefile is essentially a shell script, so make it executable and run it. The .pod file is a manual that describes how to use it.


Which could be the risks to add "Defaults secure_path="/home/username" in "/etc/sudoers"

The secure_path value, if set, will be used as PATH environment variable for the commands you run using sudo.
That means, when you run e.g. sudo apt update, the system will try to look up the command apt in the directories specified in the secure_path, in the specified order.
Now if you add a directory to which non-root users have write access to the secure_path, you can do it in two positions:

append to the end of the secure_path list, with least priority
insert at the beginning or in the middle of the secure_path list, with higher priority.

Appending to the end is almost safe if as it will not change how existing commands will be resolved, it just allows executables from a different directory to be executed without explicitly specifying their location as well. The fact that this additional directory is writeable for non-root users allows them to put malicious files in there without elevated privileges though, so you have to be careful when typing any command that is located there (willingly or by mistyping something else).
However, if you put your directory not as last element but with higher priority, the contents of that directory will shadow and override those from the locations that come after it in secure_path. For example, if you put your user directory first and it contains a (malicious?) executable named apt, the next time you run sudo apt update you will get a surprise...
I would also never directly add the home directory to any PATH or secure_path, but instead create a dedicated directory, e.g. /home/USERNAME/bin for that, which only contains the executables I want to have on my PATH and nothing else.

Conclusion:
You should not put any directories into secure_path if they are writeable for anyone except the root user. Otherwise normal users without elevated privileges (including malware or attackers compromising such an account) can put their own executables there and wait for anybody with sudo rights to accidentally (use common misspellings of frequently used commands as file names) or willingly execute it.
If you really want to do so though, try to restrict write permissions to that directory as tightly as possible, and make sure that you add the directory as last element of secure_path to prevent anything in there shadowing system executables.
Alternatives
However, the safe way would still remain to just always type out the full path to the executables outside the default secure_path if you want to run them with sudo.
You could also use a command-substitution with which to get the full path of something in your user's PATH, like
sudo $(which MY_EXECUTABLE) ARGUMENTS


Control a script that runs at start-up through SSH

You can see the list of running programs after you ssh by running top or ps.

The set of programs run at startup is usually found in .profile or /etc/profile.
If the ssh shell runs bash .bash_profile or .bash_rc or /etc/bashrc may also contain instructions to run the programs.

More detailed information about services is found in sudo service --status-all


Right-click the swap partition (/dev/sda5), then click "Swapoff". Then it should work.

More details: When you start a live system, it automatically uses the swap partition. While the swap partition is in use, it and its containing extended partition cannot be modified. So when you tell the live system to stop using the swap, it and the extended partition should become modifiable.


Setting environment variable in Ubuntu 14.04 for OpenFOAM

If you followed the previous steps as in the instructions, execute:

export LIB_FLAMELET_SRC=$HOME/OpenFOAM/flamletFoam/flameletFoam/src

This ($YOUR_PATH) seems like an artifact from an old version.


Printing a poster (over several sheets of paper)

Install posterazor  it will be suitable for you. After installation, you can see posterazor under Applications → Graphics → PosteRazor.

Using posterazor:

Step 1: Import your poster

Step 2: You can see the size of the imported image here.

Step 3: Enter dimensions and borders

Step 4: Enter the overlapping value

Step 5: Define the final poster size for multiple sheets.

Step 6: Save the poster.

Now you will get all the split images in PDF format.
Print the image and integrate it.


How I can install 7.0.8-0ubuntu0.16.04.3 version of php7.0-common

As the error shows,there is dependencies conflict between php7.0-common-7.0.8-0ubuntu0.16.04.3 & php7.0-common-7.0.14-2+deb.sury.org~trusty+1 since php7.0-mcrypt needs 7.0.8-0ubuntu0.16.04.3 but 7.0.14-2+deb.sury.org~trusty+1 is the one going to be installed.

Use aptitude,sudo apt-get install aptitude
To simply solve dependencies conflicts as it will give options to do that,

To install do sudo aptitude install php7.0-mcrypt then choose the suitable option that will solve your issue, aptitude will suggest several potential resolutions.


Epson ink tank L310 and Epson ink tank L120 Ubuntu 12.04

Both printers have drivers for Ubuntu.

They can be found at the Epson Drivers Site

They are also available in Ubuntu repositories. If you just add a new printer, most likely the drivers will be installed automatically.

I am not quite sure that the precise repos have all new drivers, but anyway if the drivers are not installed automatically, you can always install them manually.


Wifi frequently drops but it says it's connected in the top right corner. [Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS]

This has happened to me a few times.

It usually is a problem with the router, not your wi-fi.

Unplug the router from the power outlet and wait 20 seconds before
plugging in again.
Reboot your PC also just to be sure.

Another problem can be an IP conflict

So you have to reserve a dedicated internal IP address for your computer.

Access your router using the internal IP (usually 192.168.0.1 if
using a DLink device but it may vary)
Use your user and password (usually user: admin and password: admin or blank)
Search for Network settings and wherever you notice a table of
MAC addresses and IP's, you should find a button to "reserve"
IP's.
Reserve the IPs of devices you recognize as yours.

NOTE: Instructions are different depending on the make and model of your router.

And that's it.


How should I rename my account's name in Ubuntu 14.04?

You can create a new user with the correct details and admin rights, log out and log in again with the new user and then copy your old data if any and delete the old user.

Alternatively, you can install gnome-system-tools or kuser to do this. These packages provide more advanced GUIs to deal with user accounts. However, use them with CAUTION.
You will still need to be logged in with another admin account to apply the changes for the account you want to change.


Can I use a samba share in sources.list?

ls -la /usr/lib/apt/methods/

will show you the protocols you can use:

rinzwind@schijfwereld:~$ ls -la /usr/lib/apt/methods/
total 660
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 nov 18 07:03 .
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root   4096 nov 18 07:03 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      5 okt 26 13:36 bzip2 -> store
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  34976 okt 26 13:36 cdrom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  18592 okt 26 13:36 copy
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  18592 okt 26 13:36 file
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  88320 okt 26 13:36 ftp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  55456 okt 26 13:36 gpgv
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      5 okt 26 13:36 gzip -> store
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 153768 okt 26 13:36 http
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      4 okt 26 13:36 https -> http
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      5 okt 26 13:36 lzma -> store
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 178344 okt 26 13:36 mirror
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  47264 okt 26 13:36 rred
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  30896 okt 26 13:36 rsh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      3 okt 26 13:36 ssh -> rsh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  22688 okt 26 13:36 store
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      5 okt 26 13:36 xz -> store

"file" might be an option. For "samba" though that would be: no.

There already is a bug report #231806 on this (from 2008 never got further that triaged).


how can I get into my ubuntu server with my mobile?

For login via SSH: ConnectBot or JuiceSSH

For login via VNC: android-vnc-viewer


Battery indicator show incorrect battery level

Either you battery is not working good these days. Or you can try TLP battery service just install this apt-get install tlp. It will tell the exact details of your battery level and battery disintegration levels. Have a look at here https://linrunner.de/en/tlp/docs/tlp-linux-advanced-power-management.html


How to prevent NetworkManager from changing iptables?

NetworkManager does so because you activate a profile with ipv4.method=shared.

This basically means to run dnsmasq as DHCP server and enable NAT/masquerading.

It is a simple thing, for simple usecases. I probably wouldn't use this as DHCP server for my infrastructure, but I would use it to quickly share the internet for another host. Possibly this could be extended in the future with more flexibility and features, but until now it's simple.

If it doesn't do what you want, don't use it. That means, don't activate a profile with "ipv4.method=shared`.


i found a working solution here. it uses Easystroke (sudo apt install easystroke). kudos to @stuartr from ubuntuforums!

though there was one issue - re-mapped mouse click sporadically fired an original ('back' in my case) event. to avoid this, mouse button can be remapped to some unused number with xinput set-button-map (sudo apt install xinput).
to re-map on every login i've created (exacutable) $HOME/.config/autostart/mouse-buttons.sh with this content:

$ cat .config/autostart/mouse-buttons.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash

mi_mouse_id=$(xinput | grep 'GTech MI wireless mouse.*pointer' | sed 's/.*\tid=\([0-9]*\)\t.*/\1/')
xinput set-button-map $mi_mouse_id 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
$

this maps mouse button 8 to button 20. hopefully button 20 has no meaning. at least it has absolutely no effect for me.
now it's time to re-map button 20 to Ctrl:

Preferences tab: additional buttons -> add -> radio button 'Instant Gestures' -> click the mouse button of choice in the grey area (for me a 'back, thumb button' became '(Instantly) Button 20')
Preferences tab: Select 'Autostart Easystroke'
Actions tab: Add Action
 Name: anything you like (e.g. 'Mouse 20 -> Ctrl')
 Type: 'Ignore'
 Details: click it once to change 'Ignore' to 'Key combination...'. then press Ctrl + a. 'a' doesn't matter and is ignored. 'Key Combination' will be replaced with 'Ctr'
With the new action selected/highlighted -> click 'Record Stroke' -> press the mouse button you're wanting to use again (this came up with '20 -> 20' in the Stroke column for me)
Now pressing and holding my mouse button brings up a dinky 'Ctr' on the screen and acts like the button is being held for as long as the mouse button is


This issue has been rectified. The laptop came with a faulty hard drive!!


If your machine is off-line without connection to the web, then you'll be safe using an unsupported, un-patched system like Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (which has been EOL since April 2019)
If your machine is serving other machines that are connected to the web, the risk will be increased over the safety of all machines being off-line, and upgrading is for sure recommended.
Personally I used model M and model 4 processors to test flavors up to and including 19.04 cycle (Lubuntu & Xubuntu) or until the x86/i386 images were dropped (pre-release), however with 18.10 & 19.04 now EOL they should likewise be avoided.
The last release I tested was flavors of Ubuntu 18.04.5 (http://fridge.ubuntu.com/2020/08/14/ubuntu-18-04-5-lts-released/) and it's what I'd recommend.
If you're using Ubuntu 18.04.5 server, it will be supported 5 years from release (2018-April) or 2023-April (http://fridge.ubuntu.com/2020/08/14/ubuntu-18-04-5-lts-released/) and it's what I'd select.
I did have some issues with the (18.04.5 5.4; others did too) HWE kernel on 2003 pentium M models, thus I'd recommend using 18.04 LTS with the GA kernel, but none of those issues were noticed on pentium M processors used in 2005 model laptops. Myself (and I use 2x pentium M laptops) I use the GA kernel.
The upgrade path from 12.04 LTS was to 12.10 (next release) or next LTS release (14.04 which is now EOL & ESM only), so you've missed the intended upgrade path. You could try, but personally given it's out of support (14.04 being EOL & ESM only is off-topic on this and other Ubuntu sites now), I'd recommend re-install of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (no desktop in i386, I've assumed flavor or server; if you're using a server I'd recommend a light flavor for sure)