unable to compress some hidden folders of old OS

The folder which is to be compressed contains a symbolic link in it, with symbolic link's target is missing then the compress operation will fail.

Symbolic link: Symbolic link is a special type of file that contains a reference to another file or directory in the form of an absolute or relative path and that affects pathname resolution. The programs that read or write to files named by a symbolic link will behave as if operating directly on the "target".

The "target": is a file or directory that a symbolic link contains in form of text string that is automatically interpreted and followed by the operating system as a path.

If there is a need to compress in such a case then we can use command line and give options to include "symbolic link" them self instead of target. For example in case of "zip" use "--symlink" in the command.


How to create a MIDI connection between applications?

Most applications won't connect their MIDI output to any synthesizer/soundfont you use (same for the MIDI input). That means you will need to instruct the system where it should pass the MIDI data from tuxguitar, GuitarPro6 or anything else. The simpliest way to connect MIDI inputs/outputs is to use aconnect tool - it has GUI frontends aconnectgui and kaconnect (or patchage for larger setups with multiple apps). They are very simple to use and I am sure you will understand them - just connect your apps output to some MIDI synthesizer's (or timidity++, if you use it) input :)
Let me know in case of any problems.


There is a tool called Déja Dup integrated in Ubuntu. You can find it in applications (Ubuntu Dash) under utilities with the name Backups.
For information also see Link.


Wifi widget not working in KDE Plasma 5.12.6 Ubuntu 18.04

Install plasma-nm, seems like plasma-desktop does not install it


Cheap PC build, USBTV007 device, no sound

I bought the same device and the sound works. I have disconnected my webcam to make sure it was the only device. I don't know if this could fix your problem.

I wanted to play record myself while playing games, but there's a 1 second lag in VLC because this thing streams at around 100MB/s. It doesn't compress the data.


how to open multiple files with the default program from terminal?

Indeed. You could use shell to get around this, like this:
ls *.mp3 | xargs -n 1 xdg-open

This is very simplistic though, and doesn't work for any special case (spaces, non-ascii characters). An improvement for this would be
ls -b *.mp3 | sed -e s+^+\"+ -e s+\$+\"+ | xargs -n 1 xdg-open

This is quite complex this way, though. A more robust, but simpler solution in this case would be to use find:
find -iname '*.mp3' -print0 | xargs -0 -n 1 xdg-open


Can't install cups because of unmet dependencies

this issue has also appeared on the Mint forums;

https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=51&t=242497&start=40

the ninth post on this page .. gives a suggested solution from Houchou that seems to work also


Old Ubuntu Desktop Failing to Update (Failed to fetch)

Quantal has passed end-of-life and is no longer distributed on the main Ubuntu mirrors.  (If you try loading those URLs in your web browser, you'll find they really are 404 - nothing to do with Ubuntu being able to handle "large amounts of updates".)

Edit your /etc/apt/sources.list to replace us.archive.ubuntu.com with old-releases.ubuntu.com, which is a site that still hosts this old software.  For repositories that contain software that is not part of core Ubuntu (security.ubuntu.com, ppa.launchpad.net, dl.google.com, etc), you may want to simply comment them out from /etc/apt/sources.list or the corresponding files in sources.list.d, and then re-enable them once you have upgraded to a currently supported version.

Since such old versions are not supported and likely have security bugs that are not being patched, you will probably want to upgrade to a current version ASAP.  Note that you will have to do several upgrades in succession: to 13.04, then 13.10, 14.04.  You can stay there if you want as 14.04 is a long-term-support release which is still supported.  Otherwise you can proceed with 14.10, 15.04, 15.10.

You might consider whether it is easier to simply start over and reinstall with a current version.


Using Tab in an LXTerminal keyboard shortcut?

Unfortunately, it is generally not possible to use Tab in custom shortcuts ('keyboard accelerators') in a GTK2 application like LXTerminal. This appears to be because Tab and Ctrl+Tab are reserved for keyboard navigation between user interface controls in GNOME.

Incidentally, the syntax <CTRL>Tab is successfully parsed and shown in the application UI if you add it to .config/lxterminal/lxterminal.conf (tested in LXTerminal 0.3.0). However, it doesn't achieve the desired effect.

Further reading:

Unresolved: Tab for gnome-terminal (jennyandlih.com)
Bug 123994 - Need to document: Can't assign ctrl-tab or ctrl-shift-tab in keybindings (GNOME Bugzilla)
Keyboard navigation (GNOME Help)
keyboard shortcut gnome-terminal (ctrl-tab) and (ctrl-shift-tab) in 12.04? (Ask Ubuntu)
How can I bind a key shortcut that includes a tab (Super User)
gtk_accelerator_parse () (GTK+ 2 Reference Manual / Accelerator Groups)


Connection drops after about 5 seconds and is real slow with a Centrino 1030 wireless card

Maybe you can try as suggested here; someone with the same wifi card has this problem and solved it switching off the power mode to the wifi:

iwconfig wlan0 | grep "Power Management" Power Management:off

  If it’s set to “on” then there become my performance problems. To
  change it on runtime you just have to do :

sudo iwconfig wlan0 power off

  If you, like me, want to set it always off then you can for example
  modify the script /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/wireless . I simply set
  this on line 39 (it's iwlagn) : iwconfig_batt="power off"

http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1845983.html


In which file is the configuration of the Sound Preferences stored in Ubuntu 16.04?

For Pulseaudio the sound preference files are stored in the users home directory, ~/.config/pulse/

Volume level files are:

*device-volumes.tdb
*stream-volumes.tdb


xubuntu install from cd on an old laptop

Compaq Armada E500 laptops had 128Mb of RAM, Xubuntu requires 256 Mb of RAM to install and 512Mb is strongly recommended to run it. Although you may try the alternative installer which only requires 64Mb.


You need to run usermod as root, you can do this with sudo:

sudo usermod -a -G audio USERNAME


How to refresh an icon that has been changed so the new one shows up?

Click here to download a program called unity-reset.

Double click on the downloaded .deb file and install it.

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1.

Login

Run the command unity-reset.

For the full article click here.


BIOS not seeing Ubuntu installed on Acer Aspire ES1-132. Can boot via grub cli

Many thanks fpl2 - you gave me vital info that I've been after having had a few runs at this.

Note all of this was done with Secure Boot disabled and starting with USB boot at top of list as bootable devices.

I managed to do a clean minimal install of Ubuntu 18.04 with a live USB stick on my Acer Aspire ES1-132-C8WF. This time, though, without requiring REFIND, I found that after my install if I run the Ubuntu installation USB again, then run a live session (Try Ubuntu) and do the following in a terminal (you obviously could do this in 3 or 4 commands, but this lets you see the manual steps as you go):

sudo mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt
cd /mnt
ls
cd EFI
ls
sudo mkdir Microsoft
cd Microsoft
sudo mkdir Boot
cd Boot
sudo cp -r /mnt/EFI/ubuntu/* .
sudo mv shimx64.efi bootmgfw.efi

and hey presto! it boots, and the 'Windows Boot Manager' magically puts 'Windows Boot' (which is now actually Ubuntu 18.04) to the top of the list in the F2 boot menu.


Method 1:

Go to virtual terminal:

Alt + Ctrl + F1

Login: _
Password: _
sudo apt-get install gnome-panel
sudo mv ~/.Xauthority ~/.Xauthority.backup

Reboot and select gnome on login. Open terminal

Alt + Ctrl + T

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool
unity-tweak-tool --reset-unity
sudo reboot

Method 2: (if Method 1 does not work)

Open virtual terminal and login:

Alt +Ctrl + F1

Login: _
Password: _
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
DISPLAY=:0 ccsm &

Press:

Alt + Ctrl + F7

OR

Alt + Ctrl + F8

sudo apt-get -f install && sudo apt-get --reinstall install unity
sudo ccsm

Find Unity Plugin and enable it. Close the window.

sudo reboot

Method 3: (If Method 2 does not work)

Alt + Ctrl + F1

export DISPLAY=:0
sudo dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
setsid unity
reboot

________________________________Now_________________________________

Open terminal

Alt + Ctrl + T

lspci -vnn | grep VGA

You will come to know your NVidia model number

Go to http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx

Don't download, just give the information asked and note down the driver version suggested by them for downloading.

Let's assume it is 123.456

sudo apt-get install nvidia-123
reboot

Access NVIDIA's configuration menu using start button and searching for nvidia


Does installing a deb file add to repository list?

Depends on the deb file. Google Chrome does add Google's repository, other packages may not. For such packages, you'll have to manually check for updates, by whatever means you got the package in the first place.


Grub "quiet splash" + linux-image-3.2.0-40-generic + full disk encryption = boot failure

I was having that problem and after lots of time looking for what was causing t, i discovered that software manager wasn't updating initramfs leaving the boot state broken. But it only hapens with a few people. I don't know why.

Try to update the inirtramfs:

sudo update-initramfs -u

Tell-me if it worked.

EDIT: It seems its a bug, not in the update manager but in the kernel.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1167114


Acces Games on Linux Partition on Windows

As far as I know, there is not a great way of achieving this without a loss of performance and/or features on one of the OSes:

If you put the files in native Linux on a ext2/ext3/ext4 partition, you can use Ext2Fsd which, given that it hasn't been updated since 2017, doesn't bode well.
If you put the files in native Windows on a NTFS partition, there's a read-only in kernel driver (which is performant) and the FUSE-based ntfs-3g driver (which is not so performant).  Paragon has their in-kernel read/write NTFS driver but it's not mainlined yet and looks to require registration.
You can put the files in an exFAT partition which can be used by Windows and, as of kernel 5.4, used by an in-kernel driver in Linux.  The downside is that exFAT doesn't have a lot of the features that you might expect from a filesystem.


Delete your .wine folder

sudo rm -r ~/.wine

All your Wine installations will be lost, but the problem too.

While the next start of wine or a Windows program via wine, the folder will be created again.

And don't download movies from torrent sites and start the executables.


Where does Ubuntu store the picture that I set as my desktop?

Open up the file browser and press Ctrl+H, to show hidden files (ones that start with a .), now navigate to .cache → wallpaper.

Or hit Alt+F2 and type nautilus .cache/wallpaper/


To allocate data usage efficiently with two internet connections

This is a question of packet routing, e.g. deciding which packets (addressed to which IP addresses) go out which interface. To answer question 1, both connections' packets are routed to the same interface. Use the route command to show your current routing setup. Use the ifconfig -a command to see your interfaces and the IP addresses assigned to them.

There are two ways to force wget to use a particular internet connection: use the --bind-address=ADDRESS option to wget (See man wget for details); OR add a route to an IP address/netmask pointing to the interface packets for that address (those addresses) should use. Using route affects all packets to that IP. See man route. You want something like:

sudo route add -host <*bank's IP*> dev <*MobileBroadband's interface*>

You have to do this once per reboot, or once every time your Mobile Broadband comes up.


Mounting NTFS External Drive with Bit Locker

BitLocker is not supported by the Linux NTFS driver, you will need to copy the data to a plain NTFS partition.


Have you looked at pvresize yet? If you're LV doesn't span all your available PEs then you can just reduce it. Otherwise you have to shrink everything like Vembu proposed and the resize the pv.

This is extremely high risk and you can easily lose everything so back up first


If you are modifying a word document from the windows drive that would be a bit tricky.

Windows likes to keep it's grubby fingers in the pie, ESPECIALY if you have fast boot on. I would turn fast startup off,

https://www.windowscentral.com/how-disable-windows-10-fast-startup

If that's not the case, I would check your systems file permissions, make sure you didn't accidently bork your permissions.

A little script I wrote to help with web server permissions. you would copy it into a text file, save the file as "perm.sh" in the command line run

chmod +x perm.sh

and then run it

./perm.sh

for i in /* ; do
igno=("/dev" "/sys" "/proc" "/tmp" "/mnt" "/media");

subdir=$(find $i -type d);

if [[ $(echo "$i") != $(echo $igno) ]]; then

printf "\n\n$i has the following stats:\n\n" ;
printf "\n_______________________________________\n\n" ;
stat -c "%n  %a %G:%U"  $subdir | tail -15 | head -14;
printf "\n\n______________________________________\n" ;
fi

I wouldn't post those results here, but just review them, if something doesn't look right, ask.

I love teaching people about linux if you ever need a hand or just wanna chat about linux, drop me a line!


how to have the brightness icon displayed on acer laptop screen

i would try to (re)install the packet notify-osd. In a terminal invoke:

sudo apt-get install notify-osd

If the package is already installed check whether it is running using:

ps aux | grep notify-osd

If it is not running, try to start it using:

/usr/lib/notify-osd/notify-osd

I hope this helps you.

Greetings from Switzerland, Michael K


How to have a grub like in Ubuntu-Light?

That looks like a BURG theme. I'm not sure where you could get the theme itself, but you could probably find something at gnome-look.org for it.


can't install npm package : E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages

Hi everyone my issue is solved now, so I'm back to you to share with you the solution that I found :
Please follow these steps
sudo apt-get remove nodejs npm ## remove existing nodejs and npm packages
sudo apt-get install curl
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_6.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs


One possible solution may involve the order in which SATA devices are connected to the motherboard controller. You should consult your motherboard documentation here.

For example, I built my main Linux box in 2009 using an Asus M3A78-EM motherboard. The onboard SATA connectors, from top (when mounted) to bottom are listed as SATA6, SATA5, SATA3, SATA2, SATA1. The docs suggest that ghosting requires the original disk to be in SATA6 or SATA5. For the RAID configurations the print manual refers to the support DVD.

I discovered that the Ubuntu apparently likes the SATA DVD in SATA6, with the connectors populated from SATA5 downward. If one populates the connections in reverse order from SATA1, the machine still works, but not optimally and not with proper DMA for the CD/DVD drive.

This DMA FAQ apparently does not address these issues.


Can I limit the size of ~/.xsession-errors?


Set so that LibreOffice Impress will go straight into show slide mode

You can also do this using terminal

Open terminal Ctrl+Alt+T and run following command

libreoffice --show yourfilename.ppt

I wanted to run a presentation looping on a notice board but for some odd reasons, pps files were inserting a pause of 10 seconds between last and first slides even if I set the relevant option to 0 sec, whereas odp was working fine.


burned image file ubutu 12.4.2 for Amd64 iso to CD but it won't boot

While boot up press f2 or f12. Change boot priority to external drive/USB. Boot through USB and install. It's more reliable and fast.Here easy step to follow UNETBOOTIN

Hoppe it help.


How to share a folder between KVM host and guest using virt-manager?

You could use 9p sharing as described at http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/9p_virtio .

Other possibilities include usage of a network file system like NFS or CIFS/Samba.


python-pip is the package for Python 2.

You need to install python3-pip and then use pip3 to install your Python 3 modules.

If you want to run your Python 3 code from the command line you also have to use python3, as just python is usually linked to Python 2. You can check for the python version using python --version or also pip --version.


Copy & paste non-ASCII characters to an Emacs window from another window doesn't work correctly

It seems that the best thing to do is switch emacs to UTF-8.


I have just installed Ubuntu 18.04 on a 5k imac without any issues with booting. To get sound to work (in particular the headphone jack) I had to add

options snd-hda-intel model=imac27_122

to the end of /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf


Doing something if connected to particular SSID in Ubuntu

You can write a dispatcher script stored in /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/ with content for example (not tested):

#!/bin/bash
# nm sets this values
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2

SSID="yourssid"
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$INTERFACE" == "wlan0" ]; then
  if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
    #activate dropbox sync
  else
    #deactivate dropbox sync
  fi
fi


Go to System Settings > Displays and uncheck Mirror Displays. Drag the displays according the disposition you want and click on Apply.

If working fine, click on Keep this configuration.


How to change font size of the login screen?

Had same issue with login screen in 12.10 using a netbook, at 1024x600 resolution the OK button at bottom of the desktop environment menu is off screen. This would not be an issue if lightdm allowed configuration of font or used a scrollable menu.

Discovered a workaround, select desktop environment and use Tab to cycle pass other environments, the selected environment should remain highlighted with tabbing otherwise click outer edge of menu after select - Tab to the hidden OK button and press Enter to confirm selected desktop environment.


Are there specific optimizations for the Ubuntu Server kernel?

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ServerFaq#Which_kernel_versions_or_types_are_available_on_the_Ubuntu_Server_CD.3F

  What's the difference between the kernels linux-image-server and
  linux-image-generic? What architecture is linux-image-server? Which
  one should I use?

  Note: Since 12.04, there is no difference in kernel between Ubuntu
  Desktop and Ubuntu Server since linux-image-server is merged into
  linux-image-generic. If you are using an older version of Ubuntu
  Server, see explanation below:

  The linux-image-server package is a meta package that will install the
  latest Server kernel version, while the linux-image-generic package is
  a meta package for the latest Desktop kernel version. The server guide
  includes some details on the changes made in the Server kernel.

  linux-image-server is used for both architectures x86 and amd64.

  Which one you should use will depend on the type of system you have.
  If you have a 64 bit processor you can use the amd64 architecture, or
  the x86 architecture. However, if your processor is 32 bit you can
  only use the x86 kernel.


How to temporarily stop and start Gnome?

Precise Pangolin uses lightdm instead of gdm, so something like the following should work.

sudo service lightdm stop


Best strategy for backing up your own scripts?

You mentioned two things, which I don't believe are good solutions:
"Created by":
Standard Linux file attributes include an owner user and group. I strongly recommend you make sure all files in /usr/local/bin (or actually almost all directories that contain stuff to be accessed by all users) are owned by root as user and group, and also only writable by the owner. This is a security measure that should prevent unprivileged modifications to the file, which might later be executed by someone else or with elevated privileges using sudo.
So as the owner of all those scripts in /usr/local/bin should be root, we can't use that to distinguish the scripts you want to back up.
"Subdirectory":
Executables inside subdirectories of /usr/local/bin would not be accepted by the system as commands which you can run directly without a path. The reason is that for this, an executable needs to be directly inside a directory listed in the $PATH environment variable. Subdirectories are not automatically included here, each location needs to be explicitly specified - again, as a security improvement to lower the risk of accidentally executing untrusted code.
Although it would be possible to add that subdirectory in all necessary locations, I'd refrain from changing all users' $PATH (and not to forget, the /etc/sudoers configuration's secure_path must include the new directory too, if you want it accessible when using sudo).

Now what could you do instead? Here are a few ideas:
User-specific bin directory:
If you don't need those scripts system-wide for all users, but only for your own account, simply put them into ~/bin (~ being your home directory). This location is only on your own user's $PATH, not of anyone else. For your personal scripts, this should be the simplest way.
Keep in mind that you need to restart your current shell once (close and reopen the terminal window, type source ~/.profile or log out and back in) if you just created the directory during your current session. This is because the directory is added only if it exists when the shell initializes itself. You don't ever have to do this again later on.
Keep a list of your scripts:
Simply have a text file somewhere listing the paths of all of your scripts/files which you want to back up. Then you can simply process this list with another script/command like the one below to copy them all to your backup directory:
#!/bin/bash
backupdir=~/backup/scripts
listfile=~/backup/script-list.txt
while read line ; do
    cp -- "$line" "$backupdir"
done < "$listfile"

You just have to keep the list file (here ~/backup/script-list.txt) updated and well formatted. In this simple version, you must make sure that each line contains exactly one absolute path to a file you want to back up, with no leading or trailing spaces and no empty lines. Of course the script could be improved to be able to handle such cases, but this is just a quick prototype.
Add a "signature" to your own scripts, and only back up those containing it:
Just think of a unique string you add to all of your own scripts, e.g. in a comment. That could look like *** CREATED BY BYTECOMMANDER *** or so, maybe even more unique. Then you can make a backup script that scans /usr/local/bin for files containing your signature line and only copies those, leaving others alone:
#!/bin/bash
backupdir=~/backup/scripts
signature="*** CREATED BY BYTECOMMANDER ***"
for scriptfile in /usr/local/bin/* ; do
    if grep -qF "$signature" "$scriptfile" ; then
        cp -- "$scriptfile" "$backupdir"
    fi
done


Hopefully you will have another PC.

Either do a Live USB, or a Live CD. I recommend the Live CD.

Instructions are here:

Windows

Live CD

Live USB

OSX

Live CD

Live USB

Ubuntu

Live CD

Live USB

Insert your Live USB/CD into the Mac. It will come up with this screen:

The arrow is something else. Just ignore it.

Choose 'Try Ubuntu without installing'.

It will come to the Ubuntu desktop. When you're ready, click the 'Install Ubuntu' on the desktop.

Set it up, and you are done!

Hope this helps!!!


You will need to refactor your removal rule as outlined here: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-desktop-74/udev-not-doing-remove-rules-841733/

Summarizing the link content, it appears that once a device is removed, some of its attributes are not readable anymore so you will have to monitor the device removal and focus on the attributes that are dumped with udevadm monitor --environment --udev.

Also, creating a symlink during removal is plain wrong.


NordVPN Constantly Connects then Disconnects after upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04

Are you using the NordVPN client software? I had nothing but trouble from that but then found out you don't need the client software at all, so I uninstalled, set up VPN within the Ubuntu network settings and never had any problems since.
See my post here for instructions:


Given a folder structure like this:

./parent
./parent/child1
./parent/child1/data1
./parent/child2
./parent/child2/data2

Running this command: for i in */*; do zip -r "${i/\//_}.zip" "$i"; done will produce the following files:

./parent_child1.zip
./parent_child2.zip

The contents are the same as with the command in your question, with the names as you asked them to be.

Note that the zip files are created one level above, compared to your command. Your command creates the zip files inside the parent directory, my command creates them alongside the parent directory.

${i/\//_} is a bash substitution that replace the / character inside variable i with the _ character. Since the / character is special in bash, we have to escape it, giving \/. If we were to replace the letter t, the substitution would be ${i/t/_}.


Try this. This would work.

http://www.richxiong.com/2012/11/system-freeze-on-ubuntu-12-04-64-bit/

If this is not working it is a bug. Please refer to this article.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1174275


I am having this issue since a few days.

The problems are:

Invalid domains are redirected to domain-error.com
Some domains are redirected to domain-error.com multiple times but after a few attempts I could reach the website.

I have got the same problem in Ubuntu, Archlinux, Windows(7 and 10).
I am not saying that getting the same malware in all these operating system is impossible.

But What is impossible (nearly):
I downloaded a fresh copy of Ubuntu from the official website. Verified the integrity and live booted. Then I tried to reach an invalid URL.

Guess what happened!. I was again redirected tohttp://domain-error.com/

So the problem is with the Internet Service Provider(ISP)?

To confirm that I went to my friends apartment, who is using the same ISP and he is having the same problem.

I have blocked domain-error.com from loading (added entry to /etc/hosts) but the redirect still exist.

So I think that you are also having the same issue with the ISP.

SOLUTION:

Remove default DNS option from your router and set 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 as your DNS. It will work fine.

Note: My ISP is BSNL (India)

.


From working Windows 10, open cmd as administrator and type

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

Note that in rare situations this command can respond in non working bootloader. So prepare a bootrepair live USB!


thermald - AMD Phenom II 1035T X6 - how to configure XML?

Short answer:
Your system is correctly configured and you don't need to do anything...
Long answer:

Your /etc/thermald/thermal-conf.xml contains 2 sections: the actual configuration (lines 6 to 43 in the file on your machine, lines 11 to 48 in your paste) and an example configuration (all the following lines).  Furthermore, your thermal settings are set for maximum performance, not for maximum cooling.
For more information on the exotic paramaters, press Ctrl+Alt+T to go to a terminal and type:
 man thermal-conf.xml

Your sensors output shows that the CPU fan is running at 3479 rotations per minute (that's 86 rotations per second!) so the CPU fan is working correctly!  You're probably not hearing much as that is inside your tower (assuming a tower model as you're not hearing anything) and it's very probably a super-silent one keeping the CPU T° below the threshold of 95°C.
Neither the chassis nor the power fan is running at all as the current T° is 44°C, below the 45°C high mark of the motherboard and way below the 75°C critical T°.

So the easiest of answers: Don't do anything!

Extra freebie: You don't need to but if you're really paranoid about cooling, change <Preference>PERFORMANCE</Preference> to <Preference>QUIET</Preference>...


Install ubuntu 16.10 into Oracle VirtualBox v5.1

Drink some coffee
Download the correct iso file from here: https://www.ubuntu.com/download
Proceed installing Ubuntu


Syntax error near unexpected token `newline' while installing Predictionio

Well, the file that you're putting between the quotes, to execute as a bash command, is a 15917 byte bash script (written by Somebody Else, and you're running it without inspection, but that's off topic). If you split it up into simpler commands, you could:

curl -s https://install.prediction.io/install.sh >install.sh
# inspect install.sh here
bash ./install.sh
# if it fails, do bash -x ./install.sh
rm ./install.sh


Simple; copy the files there to the root partition, unmount the /boot partition, remove the mount directive for the /boot partition, and reinstall grub:

sudo -s
mkdir /newboot
cp -ax /boot /newboot
umount /boot
rmdir /boot
mv /newboot /boot
nano /etc/fstab
dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc

When you are editing /etc/fstab, locate the line for /boot and remove it.


Sure, just make the virtual disk in the vm dynamically allocated when you create it, then you can make it as big as you want (500G or whatever), and it will only take up physical disk space for what is actually used + some overhead.
Then you can resize it in the VM later if you want.
I've actually done this in order to downsize a Clonezilla image - I took a 2nd clone of the smaller VM disk.


UEFI Linux Install on Acer Aspire ES1-111M

Use UEFI and secure boot
Set supervisor passcode and select shimx64.efi as trusted if you want secure boot on, select grubx64.efi if you want secure off.


How can I change the date format in the Lubuntu login screen?

The simplest way to modify LDM settings? Try LightDM GTK+ Greeter Settings GUI...

It should be capable of what you want to do.

LightDM GTK+ Greeter Settings is a small GUI written in Python which lets you modify various LightDM GTK+ Greeter settings, such as the theme, font, background, window position and more, settings which otherwise can only be set by modifying the greeter configuration files.

LightDM GTK+ Greeter Settings gives users access to the following settings:

Appearance: change LightDM GTK+ Greeter theme, icons, font (with DPI/antialias/subpixel rendering and hinting settings), change the background image or set it to a color, enable user wallpaper if available or change the default user image;
Panel: change the clock format and redefine indicators (enable/disable indicators or reorder them);
Window position: change the login dialog window position
Misc: enable/disable onscreen keyboard, set the timeout until the screen blanks.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kalgasnik/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings

Screenshots etc. here: http://www.webupd8.org/2014/10/lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings-gui.html

Or edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf

[greeter]
background=/lib/plymouth/themes/xubuntu-logo/wallpaper.png
......
clock-format=%d %b, %H:%M
.....

To your desired format...

EDIT:
From Ubuntu Wiki:

/usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/*.conf
/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/*.conf
/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

System provided configuration is stored in /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/*.conf and is not user editable. System administrators can override this configuration in /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/*.conf and /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf. Files are read in the above order and combined together to make the LightDM configuration.


Sluggish performance on an Pavilion dv2210us Laptop with an Nvidia Geforce Go 6150

Have you tried running Ubuntu in 2D mode? (Click on the gear next to the username and choose Ubuntu 2D). First run Ubuntu in 2D mode and go to the software center and download install the nvidia driver than when its installed go to additional drivers and make sure its checked green then restart. http://gnometechblog.weebly.com/


how to make keyboard to press ctrl key after every 5 minutes?

Install xdotool.
Should be in your linux repository.

while sleep 300; do
   xdotool key Ctrl click 4 click 5 click 1
done

In sequence the above causes control key to press and release
click mouse button 4 (scroll up one unit)
click mouse button 5 (scroll down one unit)
click mouse button 1 (left mouse button)

If you want something more specific like control clicks,  then you may need to give more information.  xdotool can also move the mouse pointer around send text, and do a lot of other things as well.


tp_smapi on the Lenevo Thinkpad T440p (or just battery thresholding)

I suggest you just implement TLP's installation instructions completely and install acpi-call:

sudo apt-get install acpi-call-dkms

You may also refer to the FAQ for ThinkPad battery troubleshooting.


"sudo ppa-purge ppa" failed with "Warning: Could not find package list for PPA:"

I found the answer after some research,
Step 1:
Listing items using following comand
find /etc/apt/sources.list.d -type f -name "*.list" -print0 | while read -d $'\0' file; do awk -F/ '/deb / && /ppa\.launchpad\.net/ {print "sudo ppa-purge ppa:"$4"/"$5}' "$file"; done
Step 2
Direct to /etc/apt/sources.list.d folder.
Step 3
Remove all results got from the 1st command in this folder path


What is the preferred way to store application settings?

If you are talking about a system wide daemon, a file in /etc is appropriate.  If you are talking about an application that should have per-user settings, the home directory is appropriate.  For new apps, it would be a good idea to follow the XDG Base Directory specification:

http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html

This basically states that you should store your config files in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME, which defaults to ~/.config


Enable a window without titlebar in all workspaces

You can access the titlebar menu via alt+right-click.

I've used this trick for the exact same thing you're looking to do, and it keeps hangouts on all workspaces for about a day. The next day I have to do it all over again.

I'm testing the answer in question 37129 with the window name (you can't use the window class), but I don't know if it will work consistently or not yet.


What is the easiest method to share files between Windows and Ubuntu?

Sharing files from Windows with Ubuntu as a guest OS can be done via "Shared Folders" that can be mounted or auto-mounted in the guest OS.

Alternatively, we can also setup a network share via Samba.


How do I install the Intel HD 3000 video driver?

Sandy Bridge Graphics such as the HD3000 will need an upgrade of the Mesa support beyond what is available for Lucid.

One of the best PPAs with a mesa version that has backports for Sandy Bridge support is from Stefan Glasenhardt.

I would NOT install the install the x-org edgers PPA which is often quoted.  x-org edgers - as the developers themselves say - is very unstable and can cause major graphics issues since updates are frequent and often sparingly tested.

Since you are using a modern laptop, you will also require the more up-to date Kernel - 2.6.38 which is available from Synaptic Manager.

How to install:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:glasen/intel-driver
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install linux-image-generic-lts-backport-natty linux-headers-generic-lts-backport-natty

Note

Working with the OP - this solution only works for 32bit Ubuntu.  64bit Ubuntu with this solution will leave you with a frozen/messed up graphics and as such should be avoided.


Those additional options (toram) are related to casper, which is a ramfs wrapper I believe.  http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man7/casper.7.html
toram attempts to place the ISO in its entirety into memory.  It's almost always better to do this. You can even remove the USB drive after it's booted.
Other options are kernel parameters and boot parameters, all crammed into those 2 lines.


404 error while trying to install g++ complier

Looks like you might need to setup a correct DNS server to resolve these urls.

sudo vim /etc/resolv.conf

Then add google DNS for example:

nameserver 8.8.4.4

After that run
    sudo apt-get update

Then proceeds with your normal install.


Ubuntu touch on note 10.1 (2014) WITHOUT rooting

Im sorry, by putting any other os on the phone you are voiding the warranty here is rogers guideline explaining why it voids your warranty:

  Why does “rooting” an Android device void its warranty? Rooting is when you wipe your handset clean of its existing operating system
  and install a new version. The problem with rooting is that handset
  manufacturers install and customize the OS to work specifically with
  their device so clearing it may make some features and functionality
  not work correctly.  Furthermore, all handsets sold by Rogers are
  verified to work on our network before giving them to customers. In
  turn, it’s impossible for us to troubleshoot or provide technical
  assistance on a device that is no longer in line with that
  verification. That, in a nutshell, is why rooting voids the warranty
  of Rogers-purchased devices.

In which it states changing the os voids the warrant.

I suggest if you want to keep your warranty to not do this, as there is no legal way of changing the os and not loosing your warranty!

Thanks, hope this helps.

To read more about the warranty issue read here.


Broadcom network modules fail to install in new kernels. Ubuntu 20.04

SOLVED: I modified my grub to boot to a pre-specified kernel that has the drivers. Now if a new kernel is installed it doesn't matter, I won't be booting to it by default anyways. Followed the instructions found here: https://kowalczyk.me/change-default-kernel-in-ubuntu-18-04/


sudo: unable to resolve host ubuntu-server

This may mean your DNS lookups are broken.

Your /etc/hosts file looks fine.   You want it too look like this:

127.0.0.1       localhost
127.0.1.1       ubuntu-server

But there are several legitimate variants.

Make sure you have a matching hostname in /etc/hostname .

Check /etc/resolv.conf to see if you have working name servers defined.

See if you can resolve any hostnames.  Does nslookup google.com work ?
If not, your DNS lookup is failing, either due to configuration or a network or firewall problem (possibly at a point beyond what you have control of with your server).

In my experience, sudo will eventually ask you for you password, and grant you elevated privileges,  after domain lookup times out.

Try manually adding the correct DNS name servers to /etc/resolv.conf.

In a pinch, you can use public servers.  Here's what the file looks like using Google DNS servers:

/etc# cat resolv.conf
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4
nameserver 2001:4860:4860::8888
nameserver 2001:4860:4860::8844


How to configure Logitech VX Revolution's extra buttons (zoom slider, ect.)?

looks like a keyboard.
I have logitech mouse and the G15 keyboard, anyway before the g15 I have a similar problems with my elite logitech keyboard, your have several utilities to set that keys that:

if the keys shows output on the xev (terminal) you can use xbindkeys

if not your need to add the keymods or use http://keytouch.sourceforge.net/ this utility


How can I "Turn On" Chrome remote desktop in Ubuntu 20.04?

Its a bug for the chrome remote desktop installer not creating its own config folder. So simply create it via mkdir ~/.config/chrome-remote-desktop, refresh your chrome, and the "turn on" section will show up.


Shotwell EXIF of generated JPEGs from RAW (NEF in this case)

First see if this bug is affecting you, where Shotwell is using the small embedded jpeg from the NEF instead of the paired (higher-resolution) jpeg. Are the these jpeg files very low quality?

If not, check that you have Shotwell set to write metadata to files in Edit/Preferences like this:


how to change what shift(toggle ) key does permanently?

I made the same mistake during installation of 20.10. A quick search led me to
gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options
which would fix the problem but the problem would reappear after a reboot. This morning I finally got around to look further into the issue. Trying all the gnome-tweaks or dconf didn't work for me. What I found was that in
/etc/default/keyboard I had:
XKBOPTIONS="grp:lshift_toggle,grp_led:scroll"
Deleting the lshift-part did it for me.


This is documented here: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain

The toolchains that are currently being used to build 12.04 should be there, I think, although that page is slightly out of date.


Error trying to run Samba in Ubuntu MATE 19.04

I will get that exact error message if security is set to share in smb.conf.

Run the following command:

testparm -s

Do you get an error:

WARNING: Ignoring invalid value 'share' for parameter 'security'
Error loading services.

If you do then edit /etc/samba/smb.conf and find the security = share line and delete it.

Then restart smbd again.


Super + search not working after upgrade to 19.10

I experienced the same issue after updating to Ubuntu 19.10.

The following was able to solve it for me:

sudo apt-get --reinstall install yaru-theme-gnome-shell

Followed by a reboot.

I also disabled shell extensions prior to that but I'm not sure if that was necessary

I had at some point installed the yaru colors theme and my thought is that didn't play well with the update, removing the theme alone wasn't enough and I had to re-install the default yaru theme provided with Ubuntu.


Deja Dup won't do a full backup on new external hard drive

So it looks like it was a permission issue in the end. I was having similar problems with EasyTAG and other MP3 tag editors:
MP3 Tag editing with an encrypted home directory

This fixed my issue:

sudo chmod o+r /home


"-bash: /usr/bin/rename: Argument list too long"

As @egmont noted, giving the paths (*/*) as argument(s) to xargs is wrong. This command reads file names from the standard input instead of arguments, so issuing xargs without any standard input (the EDIT section of the question) is useless.

Solution using ls and xargs

Check if you can just ls all the paths in question.

ls */*

If yes, you can use a corrected version of your 2) option:

ls */* | xargs rename -n 's/(.*)\//$1\/$1_/'

Solution using find

If you get an error from the ls call, you can still use find.

This command has an -exec option which works similarly to xargs, so we’ll not need xargs in this case at all.
To mimic the behavior of ls */*, use the options -mindepth 2 -maxdepth 2.

The corrected version of the 3) option would be:

find . -mindepth 2 -maxdepth 2 -type f -exec rename -n 's/(.*)\//$1\/$1_/' {} \;

The argument placeholder together with an escaped semicolon ({} \;) ensures that rename is run just for a single file at a time, similarly to xargs -L1. This will prevent the original issue with too many files at once.

Dry run and actual rename

You can check the result using the -n option I included after rename to just list the renames it would do. To actually launch the rename operation, remove the -n option.


You should try bypassing NetworkManager. Give this a try. If it works, try reinstalling/configuring that. This is just a workaround so you can get internet if you need to uninstall/update some packages or do maitmence to get your system running smoothly again.

sudo systemctl stop NetworkManager.service
wpa_passphrase ssid password > network.conf
sudo wpa_supplicant -Dnl80211 -iwlp1s0 -cnetwork.conf &
sudo dhcpcd wlp1s0 &
ifconfig
ping google.com

If you don't have wpa_passphrase on your machine, network.conf looks like:

network={
  ssid=""      # your network's SSID/name
  password=""  # your network's password
}


How do I setup my ubuntu on a WiFi network?

You need to check for additional drivers , to install the appropriate driver for you wifi:

If you are using 11.04:
Open the dash --> Additional drivers

and activate the driver.

Note: You may need to be connected to a wired network first.

see : How do I install additional drivers?


Failed to start after nvidia-driver install

This is a known bug in Ubuntu GNOME :

If you find this bug affects you, please mark the same in this bug report :
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-gnome/+bug/1559576 as given below


Turns out it was a partition problem.

I am not 100% sure what happened but it seems that even i picked "delete windows and install ubuntu instead" it did not install it on the main partition (i'm not sure why there was more than 1).

so instead i picked something like "customized install" where i could see all partitions. i deleted all of them and left only 1 with the whole disk. after that installation worked.


Is Ubuntu 12.04.1 windows wubi installer broken?

Did you install updates after installing ubuntu. I had problems with some packages on a fresh install. Updates fixed it all.


There are several reasons for that, possible causes:

your disk have hardware failure, like I/O errors...
You have multiple firewalls enabled, and it is better to have only one, maybe "gufw" is the best... and it needs to deny all with rules to allow out udp 53 and allow out tcp 25,53,80,110,143,843,993,5060,8080
Your OS is not with all modules inserted, type: lsmod > list1.txt
Then create an USB installer with the "startup disk creator" using the ISO of your installation CD (a pen of 2 GB is enough) then boot from that USB PEN and choose "try Ubuntu" and type there: lsmod > list2.txt and copy this file to the same location the one above and open  both in text editor and see if there is missing modules in list1.txt...
To install missing modules use first modinfo "name of the module" after the description see if it needs dependencies and install those first if not, just copy the full path of the ko file and type sudo insmod "paste path/file.ko", after all modules inserted no need for reboot things should start working fine...
If you do not use proprietary driver, then might solve the problem due to the fact that the CPU is having trouble to process all the system in realtime, and that lack of CPU speed and Bridge speed causes wi-fi to disconnect, so try to install proprietary driver for your wireless card or disconnect every USB device that is not needed by your system to connect to the internet. If you do not find how to do this, go to "software center" and type "additional drivers" and if not installed, install it, then start it and activate all drivers available cause it will speed hings up and using less CPU...
This one is certainly your case, you are booting from an USB disk and using very fast speed which causes system resources to collapse, and has to shutdown one, and because the USB disk is the boot disk it chooses to disconnect the Wi-Fi! Solution is to connect the USB disk to an hub of less speed, like if was connected to USB3, use an USB2 hub which causes the USB disk to work at USB2 speed, if it was using USB2 then use an USB1.1 hub...
This is a long shot, and at far, your browser internet agent got corrupt or hacked by some intermediary that poses for an "authority" of contents provided by you, but this is a false authority, and just a cyberbulling occurence, cause there is no internet content that violates internet rules set by the internet authorities, and besides that you or anyone do not have nothing to do with the contents received, because everyone just enters the URL and the server decides which content to send, like, if two guys access the same URL at the same time, they get different pages content cause the server sends data according to lots of parameters and is configured to apply local country rules, like nudity can be considered ilegal in one country and not in other country. There is also the copyright issue but this also is not possible to violate, cause the copyright is not the act of making copies but the act of posing to be the author, that said, if one uploads copyrighted material without trying to own the copyright does not violate any internacional copyright rule. This two are the most common accusations by false "authorities" which makes your agent set your browser ID has an internet criminal act origin, causing every server in the world to disconnect that browser has soon it processes the browser agent, which sometimes takes several minutes...


sudo apt-get update cannot resolve servers, but I can ping them

If this is a remote server try adding Google DNS servers and see if that helps.
On terminal:

sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf or nano /etc/resolv.conf

then add

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

Exit selecting yes with cntrl x.

Run your update again.
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade OR apt-get update && apt-get upgrade


QML app with C++ plugin (cmake) adding resource file

qt5_add_resources(RESOURCES modules/ProjectName/resources.qrc)

That thing converts qrc files into C++ files. Names of C++ files are stored in the RESOURCES variable.

Executables and libraries are compiled from C++ files by using add_executable and add_library in CMakeFiles.txt. In the "QML app with C++ plugin (cmake)" project template the "C++ plugin" part means library. So somewhere in CMakeFiles.txt there is an add_library. Resource files should be added there:

add_library(Myappbackend MODULE
    ${Myappbackend_SRCS}
    ${RESOURCES}
)

Alternatively, the qrc can be compiled directly into separate library by the qt5_add_resources macro or not compiled at all (so no qt5_add_resources at all) and be load by the Qt application in runtime (see source of the core ubuntu-terminal-app for example).


Try this at your own risk

sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb


Apache2.4.7 on Ubuntu 14.04 won't execute Python cgi file. The site displays python code instead

The first problem would be because the CGI module hasn't been enabled, so Apache isn't processing anything as CGI. ENable it:

sudo a2enmod cgi

In Apache2.4, the configuration was cleaned up considerably, and things in the default site definition have been moved to configuration files in conf-available. Among other things, this also includes the CGI-related configuration lines seen in the default site of older versions. These have been moved to /etc/apache2/conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf, which contains:

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/

This causes the second problem. Either modify that file, or disable that configuration:

sudo a2disconf serve-cgi-bin


What's the difference between Wubi and a regular "alongside Windows" installation?

You can expect disk performance to be a bit lower (bouncing through NTFS isn't exactly ideal), and you're still somewhat at the mercy of Windows. If your Windows install goes pear-shaped, you may lose access to your Wubi install, too. The reliance on NTFS would also give me heartburn in general, but that by itself probably won't be a serious reliability problem.

Other than that, I can't think of anything that should be different. If you do find a problem, report a bug! :)

There is one other catch noted on the Wubi FAQ in addition to performance/reliability: Hibernation isn't supported.

(I'll note for the record, however, that even with native installs, I've rarely had reliable suspend or hibernation support in any Linux distribution, including Ubuntu.)

What performance differences are there when installing with Wubi?


This is from Ubuntu's security policy:

  Execute-Permission Bit Required

  Applications, including desktops and shells, must not run executable code from files when they are both:

  lacking the executable bit
  located in a user's home directory or temporary directory.

  This includes *.desktop, *.jar, and *.exe files.
  Nothing may provide a workaround to run them anyway automatically ...

So yes, according to this policy, it should be possible to run a .desktop file without the executable bit set. According to this policy you would only have to move that file out from the /home/ and /tmp/ directories and then you can launch it without the executable bit set. This is in theory/according to the policy.

In practice nautilus will allow you to launch .desktop files without the executable bit set from the XDG_DATA_DIR directories and from the ~/.gnome2/ directory. You can check the XDG_DATA_DIRS with the echo $XDG_DATA_DIRS command. So if you put your .desktop file in in an XDG_DATA_DIR or in ~/.gnome2/ you will be able to launch it from nautilus without the executable bit set. At least on 12.04 it works like that. How is this in line with the aforementioned policy I do not know.

For the examples.desktop mentioned in the question: That .desktop file is a different kind of .desktop file. It is a "Link", it doesn't want to execute anything, it basically works as a symlink. These kinds of .desktop files work everywhere.


How can I make all applications use Nemo's file selection dialog instead of Nautilus?

It's not a nemo vs nautilus issue. It's a GTK+2 vs GTK+3 issue. Apps written for GTK+2 will use the familiar-looking Humanity-themed file selection dialog, while apps written for GTK+3 will use the alien, hollow-looking default theme for GTK+3.

Unfortunately, the only way to get a consistent UX is to use all GTK+2 apps, or switch to a Qt-based DE like LXQT or KDE.

Sorry.


Why are some of my screen-recording/capturing/sharing applications (or app features) not working in Ubuntu 17.10 (and later releases)?

Ubuntu 17.10 by default lets users log in to a GNOME environment on a Wayland session. You may check whether you're logged into a Wayland session instead of an Xorg (X11) session by running the following command in Terminal:

echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE

Applications which are not compatible with Wayland yet run under a XWayland compatibility layer. But advanced applications, which depend on and/or control X11 server "too much" (screen-capturing/recording etc.), might fail to run in a Wayland session.

As a workaround you may switch back to an Xorg session.


Playing 1st track while recording to a 2nd track (overdubbing)

Found a workaround

  Miscellaneous platform-specific issues

  (Linux) A playback or recording freeze, recording dropouts or fast playback may occur when using PulseAudio. Freezes may be caused by repeatedly starting and stopping playback or recording in quick succession (or by holding down the Play or Record button). Workarounds: Try launching Audacity from the terminal with the pulse latency set to 30 ms in an environment variable:

env PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC=30 audacity

  If you get underruns noted in the terminal, try a higher number in the PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC command. If the problem is unchanged, try a lower number. Alternatively, bypass pulseaudio by setting the playback and recording device to an ALSA (hw) choice in Device Toolbar.

See this topic on the Audacity forum.


Installer Only Recognizes 801GB of a 3TB RAID1 Array

I have no simple and sure-fire answer, but for a first diagnostic step, I recommend you check your boot mode and disk information using lower-level tools than the installer provides:

Boot into the "try before installing" mode.
Open a terminal window.
Type ls /sys/firmware/efi. If you see any files (normally one file and one directory), you've booted in EFI mode. If you get a "no such file or directory" error, you've probably booted in BIOS mode. This may have implications for the partition table type used and perhaps for the way the motherboard's RAID features get detected by Linux. (This last is very speculative on my part, though.)
Type sudo apt-get install gdisk to install the gdisk package. (If this doesn't work, you may need to enable networking and futz around with package options.)
Type gdisk -l /dev/sda (change the device identifier, if necessary, to see your disk or RAID array). Pay attention to the disk's reported size (in sectors and GiB or TiB) and to the table type ("MBR: protective and GPT: present" for GPT; or "MBR: MBR only and GPT: not present" for MBR). If your disk is set up with MBR, that could be throwing things off. I'd expect it to let you use up to 2 TiB in this case, but there could be a bug in libparted that's cutting you off too early. If the disk uses MBR, switching to GPT with the help of gdisk, GParted, or some other tool is in order.

One more comment: If this is to be a Linux-only installation, the motherboard-based RAID is probably not the best way to go. Linux supports it, but my impression is that it's flakier than is Linux's own software-based RAID. (Both are actually software-based; it's just that the motherboard variety includes "hooks" in the firmware, can be used across OSes, and is tied to a particular type of disk controller, whereas the Linux variety has no hooks, is Linux-only, and can be used on any disk controller.) Thus, if this is a Linux-only system, I recommend you disable the RAID option in the firmware and then use Linux's software RAID. Not all Ubuntu installers support software RAID, though. The desktop installers definitely don't, but I think the server and alternate installers both do.


Is it possible to remove prompt on startup

Grub-bootloader will be installed in the first HDD (this is by default). So if you didn't change that manually , then grub is now installed in /dev/sda , which is your HDD and not USB.

As a solution I suggest

1) Boot from CD/DVD of Windows and fix MBR. (repair - option)

2) Reinstall Ubuntu and make sure that grub-bootloader will be installed in the USB (and not HDD). USB can be /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc ...etc (but not /dev/sda). You will see this option if you choose "something else" during installation.

3) If you want to achieve this goal

  it loads Ubuntu when it is there and Windows when it is not

you have to "play" with BIOS all the time. If you have "one boot key" which allows you to select a device to boot (at my laptop is F12) then is easier. But if you don't have this key , anytime you want to boot in to Ubuntu you have to go in to BIOS configuration page and change the boot-device order and place fist the USB (you have already attached).


The correct command is apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk, this is the command for you to install jdk,

for other options, from which I mean doc, jre, source, try pressing tab after openjdk-7- and apt will autocomplete it for you..


SSH repository apt get update without password

I solved this problem by creating a ssh key as root on the client machine. After that i needed to add this public key to the authorized_keys on the ubuntu server machine. Now I can make use of the apt repository using ssh with the keys without entering a password.


How to stop SSH disconnect after a a certain amount of time

Maybe you deleted ~/.ssh/config by accident. Run in the remote system:

sudo nano ~/.ssh/config

And insert the following:

Host *

  ServerAliveInterval 60

Then type:

sudo service ssh restart

What it does is to tell the server that you are alive every 60 seconds.


Unable to run a 32-bit program on 64-bit VM

The message No such file or directory does not refer to your executable file: a.out. Instead it refers to a helper program that’s needed to run the 32 bit dynamically linked executable a.out.

Now, I found all of these very well explained in this nice article:

About running 32 bit programs on 64 bit Ubuntu and shared libraries

  Static and dynamic linkage

  There are two types of binary executables: statically linked and
  dynamically linked ones. First about the statically linked ones: When
  a program wants to call a library function, it refers to it by name.
  When building the program from source, all library functions used in
  the program are copied from the library into the program. The program
  then contains its own code as well as the code of the library
  functions it uses. Then in the calling places the name is changed to
  the address of the corresponding function in the program. This process
  is called linking because it links together the name of a function
  with the function itself, its implementation. It’s called static,
  because the link cannot be changed after the program has been built.

  Dynamically linked programs work differently: The program also refers
  to library functions by name. When building the program, two lists are
  assembled and stored together with the program: a list of which
  library functions are used in which places, and a list of the
  libraries that contain the functions used by the program. That’s all
  for building the program.

  Later, at execution time, a special helper program, the so-called
  dynamic linker, looks in specific places in the file system for each
  library on the library list and loads it into memory. Now the dynamic
  linker knows at what memory addresses the library functions are
  available. It uses the first list to write the correct address in all
  places that call library functions. Then the dynamically linked
  program can be run.


Experimental Fractional scaling makes fonts dirty in Ubuntu 17.10

Looks like it's a work in progress. GNOME only supports integer scaling properly (source).

Quote:

  Currently, we only allow to scale windows by integral factors
  (typically 2). This proves somewhat limiting as there are many systems
  that are just in between the dpi ranges that are good for scale factor
  2, or unscaled.


Are there 3D effects on Xubuntu? (hardware-accelerated graphics)

Xubuntu doesn't come with Compiz so no 3D effects out of the box, but turning on the Composite feature gives you many effects like transparency and shadows plus it allows you to use 3D programs like Docky...

To enable go to:  Applications -> Settings -> XFCE Settings Manager

Then run:  Window Manager Tweaks - Compositor (tab) and Enable

...and from there play with the settings and fancify your desktop :)


looking for mouse device id or name

$ xinput --list
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ A4Tech USB Full Speed                     id=10   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ A4Tech USB Full Speed                     id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ CHESEN USB Keyboard                       id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ CHESEN USB Keyboard                       id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]

setting mouse sensivity

$ xinput --set-prop 10 "Device Accel Constant Deceleration" 4

don't know why there are two same names so have choosen id by random. and it worked out.

telling system to do this after logging in

create script:
#!/bin/bash
xinput --set-prop 10 "Device Accel Constant Deceleration" 4
xinput --set-prop 10 "Device Accel Velocity Scaling" 1

then run command:
$ gnome-session-properties

and add the script to the list.
don't forget about chmod +x.

information was found here and here.


Can I make do 'winecfg' in a custom location?

You can symlink you home extention for .wine directory.
To create a symlink to a new partition for for your wine data for example under /mmt/new_partition/ issue following command:

ln -s /home/<your username>/.wine /mnt/new_partition

More details on ln can be found by using:

ln --help
man ln

If you are not afraid off  recreating your wine settings you can remove all files from ~/.wine and sudo mount -bind UUID /home/<your username>/.wine.


Cannot type disk decryption password during boot

So you don't have to use recovery mode every time:

Open a console and type the command

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Look for the line with

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

and change it to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""

Then update the grub bootloader with the command

sudo update-grub

tested using Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

I have caused the same problem on my own system by using this guide: Fix low resolution grub and splash screen with Nvidia drivers on Ubuntu 14.04, which says:

Edit grub:

GRUB_GFXMODE=1280x1024
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep

and update the bootloader

sudo update-grub

Then, create a file (named splash)

sudo nano /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash

Fill it with the following line

echo FRAMEBUFFER=y

and run the command

sudo update-initramfs -u


Update Manager doesn't show the latest version for upgrade

If you want to skip versions then, only Ubuntu lts versions can be upgraded from one lts to another, i.e.,

Ubuntu 12.04 lts -> Ubuntu 14.04 lts

But if you want to upgrade to any other non-lts versions, then you have to upgrade it one version at a time, i.e.,

Ubuntu 12.04 lts -> Ubuntu 12.10 -> Ubuntu 13.04 -> Ubuntu 13.10 ...

What you can do at the best here (in your case) is that, upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04 lts and then to 15.10, i.e.,

Ubuntu 12.04 lts -> Ubuntu 14.04 lts -> Ubuntu 15.04 -> Ubuntu 15.10


You can edit the default grub boot options by typing in the terminal:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Look for the line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

and add nomodeset to the end:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"

That way you won't have to keep adding it.  Then after saving changes and quitting the editor, type in the terminal:

sudo update-grub

to update your grub configuration.


How to create file in a Windows mounted partition?

If you mounted from Nautilus, it uses a special GNOME API (gio/gvfs). You can't access the files from command line or non-gnome-aware programs. But there is a bridge:

You should install gvfs-fuse

sudo apt-get install gvfs-fuse

and restart Nautilus (perhaps killall -HUP nautilus is enough)


Where is the source code for Alternate CD installer?

Debian Installer.
The alternate installer is created by Debian (upstream from Ubuntu).
Thus to look for the source, you'll need to pull this from the Debian repositories.

http://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller/CheckOut

According to debian:

Debian Installer developers frequently checkout the whole tree for
development.

Debian are transferring to Git - but the alternate installer is not completely migrated yet.
Two steps are required - checkout using subversion - and then checkout the sources from git

sudo apt-get install subversion, git, mr
svn co svn://svn.debian.org/svn/d-i/trunk debian-installer

Then pull the git repositories:

cd debian-installer/scripts
scripts/git-setup
mr -p checkout

Go for a coffee or two - each individual component (package) is checked-out - it will take quite some considerable amount of time over a slow link.
All the components are installed under the sub-folder packages


Add the boot option:
blacklist=firewire_ohci

http://nickhumphreyit.blogspot.com/2012/05/how-to-disable-loading-of-firewire-on.html


I would think the images may still be around, just not in a directory you know.

I assume it's a larger amount of data? You could look at the disk usage of directories to find them. For example with baobab or filelight, ncdu in a terminal.

Also, if you know parts of filenames, use locate:

locate -i '*foo*'

locate uses an index; it's very fast, but what it finds depends on configuration, and may be outdated.

Next to try is find, looking on every file name on the system - which will take a while:

find / -type f -iname '*foo*'


14.10 Windows home network connection keeps asking for password

Windows uses something called "shadow passwords" to allow access to windows shares if you're not connected to a corporate LAN.

Just ensure that the user name and password on your Ubuntu machine are identical to the one on your Windows machine

(or alternatively if you have a need for multiple users to connect to that share: define all users on the Windows machine as well and add their user names to the Access Control List of the Windows share!)


python : Conflicts leads Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages error in 16.04

I got the solution

Since it says there's a conflict I tried to install the python_2.7.11-1 via deb.

sudo dpkg -i python_2.7.11-1_amd64.deb

There I got below problem.

dpkg: regarding python_2.7.11-1_amd64.deb containing python, pre-dependency problem:
 python pre-depends on python-minimal (= 2.7.11-1)
  python-minimal is not installed.

So, I tried to install python-minimal.

sudo apt-get install python-minimal

WIth that it set up all the related things.

And I tried sudo aptitude install meld and it worked!
Thanks all for the support!


Update:

It seems that the installation is to build a custom kernel. The webpage says it is updated last in 2008. So I doubt it will work with current kernel.

Do the followings,

sudp apt-get install linux-source

This will download the kernel source. Now execute

ls -l /usr/src/

You will see a .bzip file symlinked like below

linux-source-3.5.0.tar.bz2 -> linux-source-3.5.0/linux-source-3.5.0.tar.bz2

The version 3.5.0 may be different in your case, modify accordingly.

Now execute

cd /usr/src
sudo tar --bzip2 -xvf linux-source-3.5.0.tar.bz2
sudo ln -s /usr/src/linux-source-3.5.0 /usr/src/linux

Now go back to the Downloaded virtual usb folder and execute the installer.

This solves the kerneldir issue. Where as still you may face error in compilation as the functions may be broken in recent kernel.

You can see content of virtual-usb/modules/src/tusbd/buildlog.txt to see what is going wrong.

You can give a try compiling old kernels but I am not sure and take no responsibility.
here is a guide for kernel compilation http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=56835

Anyone wants help, please feel free to edit this post.


How come when ever I try to install Ubuntu, the computer asks me what I want to open it with, and none of the programs in the list can open it?

You must burn the iso image file to a CD, and reboot your system using that CD. Or you can open that iso image file with a virtual CD program (like clone virtual drive) and install Ubuntu using Wubi ;)


In the ubuntu menu bar, right click the signal strength icon.  Select Edit Connections.  Select the wireless tab.  Even if you do not know the name of the original wireless connection, delete all but the one that you want to use.


Can't print on my brand new Canon Pixma MP495

Not sure this will be any help but are you running 11.10 or 12.04? In 12.04 my printer (canon mg5130) just stopped working and I spent like 2 hours trying to reinstall the drivers ... finally I uninstalled the drivers and tried the system settings> Printers > add printer ... and it installed that way which was the first time that ever happened ... Now it prints fine ... in fact it has more functions such as Print test page which never worked before ...


It seems like you can't, according to this site: http://wiki.go-docky.com/index.php?title=Theme_Specification

Plank is a similar dock (it's the core of docky), and with that one you can edit some preferences about notifications in the dock.
To do that, navigate to /usr/share/plank/themes and make a copy of the folder that has the name of the theme that you use, and name it to something else. Go into that folder, and edit the file dock.theme. There you will see a couple of settings to edit, for example UrgentBounceHeight.


Not really. First you need to install the package nfs-common:

apt-get install nfs-common

If the nfs server is already set, you need to add this  line on the /etc/exports to allow your client to access:

/File_to_share_on_the_server/ 192.168.1.x(rw,all_squash,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000,sync)

Replace 192.168.1.x by your client's IP.

I guess this step can be  done by the GUI on your Sparc server.

On your client, just need to mount your share now:

Temporary:

mount -t nfs -o rw 192.168.x.x:/File_to_share_on_the_server /mnt/yourfolder

Permanent:  Add a line in your  /etc/fstab :

192.168.x.x:/File_to_share_on_the_server      /mnt/yourfolders    nfs     defaults  0 2

This time 192.168.x.x must to be replace by the IP of your server. You can find lots of tutorial on the web to install & configure nfs...


it's because you are running the application in foreground of you'r terminal

press ctrl + z

then type jobs command and check the number of that gedit first.ccp process

type bg [the number you checked in jobs command ]

you won't see those warnings anymore.


The printer and scanner drivers can be downloaded from Canon's website and installed in Ubuntu.

There you can find both the Printer and scanner drivers.  The file includes both the 32bit, and 64bit driver, make sure that you install the right one for your architecture.


Will the Atheros AR9002U WiFi chipset work out of box with Ubuntu 18.04?

According to Wikidevi, the Atheros AR9002U chipset is used in the TP-Link TL-WN722N. https://wikidevi.com/wiki/TP-LINK_TL-WN722N This device uses the driver ath9k_htc which is built in to all recent Ubuntu versions including 18.04. The needed firmware is already included in the package linux-firmware.

Please use caution. The device TL-WN722N has been produced in several versions:

  *Version 1.10 has been seen printed on the box but is still the same chipset. "2052500328" and "REV: 1.1" is silkscreened on the board (PCB
  Version 1.1)

  *Product Version 1.10 (on the box) with PCB Version 1.2 has been seen but is still the same chipset (minor layout differences vs. PCB
  Version 1.1)

  *Version 2.x is using Realtek RTL8188EUS chip. See TP-LINK TL-WN722N v2.

  *Version 3.x is using Realtek RTL8188EUS chip. It is a rebadged v2.

Versions 2.x and 3.x wiill require that a driver be downloaded and compiled from source code.

Versions 1.1 and version 1,2 will work out of the box in Ubuntu 18.04.


The laptop has a hardware switch for wireless.  Try switching it on.  See image below.


How to enable TLS Client Certificate Authentication in Evolution?

As it seems, this is not possible right now. As an alternative you can use Thunderbird + the SoGo Connector
In this case install in Firefox the SoGo Connector. Then Install your CA authority and client certificates in Thunderbird via
EDIT --> Preferences --> Advanced --> Certificates
If you also like the Unity integration that Evolution calendar offers, you will need to:

set Thunderbird as a default calendar application by opening the file:

$HOME/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list*

in a text-editor and adding the line:

text/calendar=thunderbird.desktop

to the [Default Applications] section.
You may or may not need to add that same line to the [Added Associations] section too, as described here (thanks user92046)

Install the evolution Mirror plugin

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:markjtully/ppa
sudo apt-get install xul-ext-evolution-mirror

Don't uninstall evolution as it is still used in the background

This was all testet on Ububtu LTS 14.04.03 with the Unity Desktop. The CalDav CardDav server is Egroupware.


Ubuntu 17.10 freezes after login on wayland

I had a gnome-shell extension (freon) that was causing the freeze in my case. Log into gnome with xorg, disable all your gnome-shell extensions and try to log back into gnome (with wayland).

If it works then try to re-enable your gnome-shell extensions one by one. In my case when I enabled the freon extension everything froze...


Root partition size remains same after partition resize with gparted

It looks like gparted did extend the partition but not the file system. You will have to do that manually (ext4fs can be extended on a running system, even the / system).

Open a terminal and type

sudo resize2fs /dev/sda5

You will see something like "online-resize necessary" and then (after a few seconds) "the new size is ....".

Check the result with df -h once more - you should see the new size.


Make /www/html/ permanantly accessable to my web browses to install drupal sites

Permissions are generally not propagated by the directory that files are being copied into, rather new permissions are controlled by the user's umask. However when you copy a file from one location to another it's a bit of a special case where the user's umask is essentially ignored and the existing permissions on the file are preserved. Understanding this concept is the key to getting what you want (from here).

So when you are copying a new directory to /var/www/html you should use:

cp --no-preserve=all -r ~/drupal/ /var/www/html/new-drupul/

Another thing is setting sticky bit on the /var/www/html directory:

sudo chmod g+s /var/www/html

Now when you create new files within /var/www/html or extract a new drupul there they will inherit their parent owners. you can read more about sticky bit here.

If you are interested to read more about permissions of apache and /var/www/html this question will give you all the answers.


Removing the "RECENT" sidebar entry of Nautilus (16.04 LTS)

In Security and Privacy
Disabling the "record" option (settings->security and privacy->files and apps) also disables the Nautilus sidebar entry.
It was simple after all.


Can I run Snappy Ubuntu Core as a guest inside Docker?

Yes, you can: Snappy is just a stripped down version of Ubuntu, and Ubuntu works inside Docker. The fact that Snappy does not appear inside the public Docker repository implies that you have to do things manually.

First, get the latest image:

wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-core/preview/ubuntu-core-alpha-02_amd64-virt.img

This file is a QCOW2 image meant for QEMU/KVM, but we can extract its contents for Docker too.
In order to access the files inside a QCOW2 image, you'll need qemu-nbd, so install it and run:

qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0 ubuntu-core-alpha-02_amd64-virt.img

This command will create a "virtual disk" named /dev/ndb0, with "virtual partitions" named /dev/ndb0pX. Use fdisk -l /dev/nbd0 to get an idea of what partitions are inside the QCOW2 image.
The partition you are interested in is /dev/ndb0p3, so mount it:

mount /dev/ndb0p3 /somewhere

You are almost done! Just follow Docker's guide on custom base images:

tar -C /somewhere -c . | docker import - snappy

Now you are ready to create your Snappy images on top of that base image. For example, I created a snappy_test image with the xkcd-webserver app installed. Here's the Dockerfile I used:

FROM snappy:latest
RUN snappy install xkcd-webserver
EXPOSE 80


How do I find out why a Ubuntu server rebooted?

I spoke to my provider and they confirmed there was an issue with the hypervisor the VPS was hosted on, so they had to reboot the machine.


Can't launch applications after uninstalling theme

I reset icon theme by pressing Alt+F2 and entering this code: gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme. then all the icons came back. Now I can start the apps.


Cannot find pipe symbol "|" in Ubuntu server

You can set the keyboard layout:

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

Alternatively, you can set XKBLAYOUT value in the keyboard config file /etc/default/keyboard

Then, apply the change by running:

$ sudo setupcon


I do not own/use this printer, but from a quick search on the internet, I found that Canon provides a scanner driver named "MP230 series ScanGear MP Ver. 2.00 for Linux (debian Packagearchive)" for this printer on its website. Also, I found a fairly helpful installation article about this same printer - http://www.distroubuntu.com/2013/01/install-printer-canon-pixma-mp-237-di.html (albeit in a different language - You can use Google Translate to view this in your preferred language).

Hope this helps.


Is there a way to use a custom keyboard mapping for indervidual applications

I've experimented with swapping the keys for Terminal only, and while it seems theoretically possible, I've not been able to make it work in practice. I've got a bunch of notes on this written up here:
https://github.com/bjohas/Ubuntu-keyboard-map-like-OS-X

Here's an approach that may be overkill for you. However, depending on how much you use shortcuts on OS X and the Terminal, you might find this useful. It basically brings Ubuntu modifiers as close as possible to OS X. A reliable approach for this is to make the Terminal use another modifier key instead of Ctrl.  These instructions here allow you to recompile Terminal, in this way: https://github.com/bjohas/Ubuntu-keyboard-map-like-OS-X/blob/master/Building%20a%20Gnome-Hyper-Terminal.md

Then use Gnome Tweaks to let you assign CapsLock to Hyper. Using autokey, you can then do a few more things with Hyper, such as emulate ctrl-a/e/d in other applications. You may not want to lose you CapsLock key of course - so depending on what modifier keys you use in Terminal, you could use the Super key and then compromise with shortcuts on that.

I agree that for 'light use', keyboard layout switching could work in principle, and mgiht work better for you. However, as you'll see via the above links, over a one year period, I've not managed to make that work. The above link goes into several strategies (with code), but they never were that reliable for me.

The Hyper approach has the advantage that it frees up the Ctrl key for terminal completely. So you can not use Ctrl (in Terminal) e.g. copy/paste/new tab etc, meaning you can now copy and paste with the same shortcut between Terminal and desktop apps.

Hope this helps!


How to mark matching GREP string while redirecting output to file

You want to use other tools to perform substitutions, such as sed:

sed -n 's/ \(runs\?\) / **\1** /p' input.txt > output.txt

Or Perl:

perl -ne 's/ (runs?) / **$1** /&&print' input.txt > output.txt


How to update Firmware for different Hardware

There is no common method of updating device firmware; it is entirely up to the manufacturer to do so in a proprietary and usually secret way.  In other words, you have to use whatever method each manufacturer supplies for their device, which generally is either windows software, or a dos boot disk.

The one near exception to this is hard disks ( and other ata devices ) because the ata standard does provide a command to update firmware, and hdparm supports uploading firmware with this command in theory, but I have yet to see a drive maker actually supply the raw firmware image that you could use with hdparm.


Can't get PyCharm to recognize Anaconda imports

I figured it out. When I created the project, I picked a different interpreter than the one I wanted to use after going into the settings of PyCharm.

I just redid the project.


I need my pendrive to boot into Ubuntu, how to correct this and boot from the HDD?

The most likely cause was that you installed GRUB in your Pendrive. To correct this situation you have to Install GRUB correctly in the Hard Disk. First you need intel to do this, you need to know what partition is your Ubuntu. For this we rely in fdisk.

Using your pendrive in a live session, open the terminal, then type sudo blkid. You will get a output similar to this:

/dev/sda1: UUID="bf554a2f-a035-4c22-bca8-162def35a03c" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="3962db06-3776-4f38-8ab9-eab6feeccc1d" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="AA64B45A64B42AC9" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="F66E431C6E42D551" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdb3: UUID="75a0854b-8b6b-453f-8aec-2a081a1f19e3" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb5: UUID="279a18da-130b-46dd-8b54-84da48eb445f" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb6: UUID="393cd35e-b827-4dea-acb5-2a66f2369dce" TYPE="swap"
Here you can see that my Hard Drive is in the sda and my pendrive is sdg. We are interested in sda. Now lest look at the descriptions of the partitions. We want the partitions that are ext4. In my case I have two ext4 partitions. This is because I have my /boot separated, I will take note about that, but lets assume that you don't have /boot separated for now and that your / (root) is sda1. Now we will mount sda1.

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sudo mount -o bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
sudo mount -o bind /sys /mnt/sys

Tecnical note: This is the minimum. If you have a /boot partition (or any other) separated just mount it the same way, in my case sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot. Please take note that I used /mnt/boot, you should change it if using other mount points.
Now we will proceed to CHROOTING the partition:

sudo chroot /mnt /bin/bash

Now we will proceed to install grub:

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

Done. Now reboot in your system without the pendrive.


You can uninstall it by typing:

sudo apt-get purge apache2*

Or :

sudo apt-get remove apache2


Is there a desktop environment that is almost solely the terminal

Depends on what you are looking for. If, in regular Ubuntu, you install gnome-shell-extension-prefs and gnome-shell-extension-autohidetopbar, you will get close provided you launch "Extensions", disable the "Desktop Icons" and "Ubuntu Dock" extensions, and enable the "Auto Hide Topbar" extension. When you start up with that configuration, you will be sitting before an empty desktop only showing your wallpaper. Pressing Alt+F2, you can launch a terminal. You can launch any application from there. Or you press "Super" to launch applications or to manage your windows.
If you cannot disable the extensions this way (it is possible in Ubuntu 20.10 but perhaps not in Ubuntu 20.04), then install gnome-session for a vanilla Gnome Shell desktop. Then, you only need to install the "Auto Hide Topbar" extension.
You could also start from other desktop environments like "XFCE", "Plasma" etc. and remove all chrome and menus you do not want to use.
You can also go for just a window manager. "Openbox" is a tiling window manager, and there is a range of tiling window managers like "i3", "Xmonad", "bspwm" to name a few. However, these require some learning curve to set them up.
Finally, you could work like Richard Stallman does: start up to a terminal and use console programs (emacs does almost everything) and only launch Xorg in case you need to work with a graphical program like Gimp.
The floor is yours. This is linux.


Is it possible to restart the unity panel without restarting compiz?

To restart the unity-panel-service, just kill it:

killall unity-panel-service

If for whatever reason it's not running at all, you can start it via

/usr/lib/unity/unity-panel-service


edimax EW-7811Un USB wireless - sees network but fails to connect to it

o.k., I solved the problem.

It took a bunch of steps - I have detailed them here:

http://www.r-statistics.com/2011/11/edimax-ew-7811un-usb-wireless-connecting-to-a-network-on-ubuntu-11-10/

Thank you Engels for your kind help! (I also gave credit in the post, and will gladly link to whatever website you might want from your name)


Firefox: navigate to about:config then set browser.backspace_action to 0

Chrome: install the Backspace Shortcuts for Linux extension and setup

Source: Backspace vs Firefox & Chromium @ Falu.Me


Do not understand where files have been moved by find + exec

That's not a folder. Folders show up with a d in front of the other permissions on the far left. You'd see something like drwx-r-xr-x if it was a folder.

Instead, you've renamed each file /pdf. Renaming a file to a name that already exists deletes the original file. That means you've deleted your files, except for the last one you renamed.

Another related question deals with recovering the lost PDFs.


Software Center is stuck for Dropbox "applying changes"

Try updating using the command line. Use the following commands in the terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nautilus-dropbox

If you encounter any error, please update your question accordingly.


You may need to take out the drive and completely wipe in from another PC before installing another os, I believe I had this problem before and a complete wipe fixed my issue.


Is it safe to manually delete the /var/cache/apt content?

Not really. Those files help your system determine what is available and what isn't. Emptying that directory will result in a broken apt-get system. Here are a couple of tips.

First, auto clean

add a

DPkg::Post-Invoke { "apt-get clean"; };

to the end of /etc/apt/apt.conf. It will make apt and dpkg processes take longer, but will make it so your cache directory is always clean.

Next, Remove archives

Start by removing and disabling all source archives (that your not using). On an embedded system you likely don't need them. Next remove all the archives that are not in use. You can run apt-cache policy to figure out what repo a package is coming from if your not sure.

More Removal of archives

Some PPAs are horrid about having huge number of packages in them when you only need 1 or 2. Try disabling those PPAs and just installing the deb files manually. You save space in those cases, but you loose auto update.  Keep in mind that dpkg will handle dependencies, so you can still install thing-with-tons-of-deps.deb then run apt-get -f install to fetch the dependencies.

Totally Extreme Answer 1

Because were talking about an embedded system, 90% of the main repos won't do you any good. To handel this you could run your own apt-get repo server See this link. It's not easy, and it's a PIA for just one machine. But if you have several of these machines it's totally worth it. (You apt repo server can host just a subset of packages that you actually use. You don't need to mirror the whole thing)

Totally Extreme Answer 2

If space is really that large of an issue, then you can disable apt all together and revert to manually installing via dpkg. I have had to do this on several embedded systems. It works, but it's an admin nightmare.


Port forwarding using SSH with different users: how to debug connection problems?

I try to compose an answer so that we can mark this question solved.

To check the connection, run ssh using one or more -v options, like in:

ssh -v ...

or

ssh -vvv ...

Checking the log, it is as the user can't connect (locally) to the port 5900.

Try to see if you can connect locally:

 ssh someotheruser@server

and when you have the user's shell on the server try

 telnet 10.100.0.8 5900

Be prepared to kill the telnet from another ssh session, it may hang even if it works (if it works it should say something like

Trying 10.100.0.8...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
RFB 003.007

If it does not connect, the problem is not in ssh port forwarding, is that the VNC server is not accepting connections from the user.


How to tell if a line in /etc/passwd is a malacious user

Technically speaking, there's no standard way to identify a username as being malicious/non-malicious. There are certain standard users such as nobody, daemon, and whoopsie, so you can safely exclude those. I'd recommend creating a fresh install in VirtualBox and taking a peak at the /etc/passwd or ask a friend who has relatively unaltered system.

The username you brought up in the comments, toor, is frequently used to create a root-level user with extra permissions, while leaving a different account for regular use. Judging form your comments, you didn't create that, and we don't know if this machine is second-hand or not.  If it was second-hand, it is quite possible it was created by the previous owner. Otherwise, you might be right in suspecting intrusion into your system.

Fighting off intrusion can be somewhat tricky. Simplest and most effective approach is to backup files and reinstall the OS. Investigating the connections and which files/daemons/cronjobs have been compromised can be time consuming.


The Intel graphics driver is built-in in Ubuntu, so you don't need to install an additional driver for the Intel graphics. It is also OK to have the proprietary AMD graphics driver and the built-in Intel graphics driver installed at the same time.

Whatever you did to install an unnecessary additional Intel graphics driver is what caused your low-graphics mode error message. To fix the problem, uninstall the unnecessary additional Intel graphics driver. If you can't remember the name of the graphics driver to uninstall it, you can find it by checking in the History tab in the Ubuntu Software Center, and if you installed it from the terminal you can find it by checking your terminal history using the history command.


Here is what you are looking for:

ffmpeg -i 5.mp4  -strict -2 Parkford-05.mp4

or

ffmpeg -i 5.mp4  -strict experimental Parkford-05.mp4

trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/AAC

also

trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/AAC#NativeFFmpegAACencoder

Additionally, if the file is named "5.mp4" but is not actually an mp4 file, the use of the mp4 extension in the name can cause problems. However, it is not always necessary to provide a file extension; having no file extension does not usually cause problems.

Try renaming the file "5" instead of "5.mp4" and see if that doesn't help.


Should I choose 32-bit or 64-bit to install Ubuntu on a Macbook Pro Laptop?

The latest version of Ubuntu, 13.04, has a mac version of the installation media. It is 64-bit, and should work better than just a standard version of Ubuntu. Click here to see the list of downloads for Ubuntu 13.04. Download the one that says amd64+mac.

There are several guides I have read that suggest using rEFIt or rEFInd to manage the EFI booting on Macbooks, however, I was successful with just using the 13.04 amd64+mac version without any other software or configuration needed.


Ubuntu 19.10 not booting on Threadripper but 18.04 will

You need to add an mce=off line to your kernel parameters if you wish you use kernel version 5.39 - the default kernel for Ubuntu 19.10.

See:  https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-Boot-Threadripper-Zen2MCE

I edited my grub config by booting into Ubuntu with the 4.15 Kernel as found in my grub menu and then using grub-customizer to add the parameter.


NVIDIA_SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver

To install the driver properly disable Secure Boot in BIOS if you are using UEFI and install by

sudo apt install nvidia-driver-430

In your case the correct BIOS option is

Legacy Support Disable and Secure Boot Disable


Lubuntu Task Manager always shows CPU usage at 100% even at idle

There are better ways of measuring your CPU load. Take a look at:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_(computing)

Generally, I use the uptime command to see if the computer is overloaded. For example:

jmhal@pluto:~$ uptime
 08:32:27 up 8 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.75, 0.67, 0.39

If the three numbers of you load average are bellow your number of cores, then your system is running fine.


Customise window border for Chromium Ubuntu

Please star and share this bug report https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=920768


"Enable Wireless" option is disabled in network settings

If you can't repair your wlan interface, wifi network, you must do this:

First activate your wifi by shortkey of your computer (for example Fn+F2).

Then:

rfkill unblock all
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
sudo rm /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
sudo reboot

Now I have wlan up.


Unable to install google cloud on Ubuntu 18.04.TLS

Reread your commands, and you'll notice that you have some typos:

find / -xdev 2>/dev/null -name "google-clooud-sdk*" <-- you typoed 'cloud' here.

gclound init <-- you typed gclound not gcloud.

My guess is that last one is the critical failure - you didn't type gcloud right.  Rewrite it to be gcloud and try again, making sure you spell it right.


The best way I have found of solving most problems with "failed to fetch" is to check that you are using the best server. The reason this works is that in the process of selecting the best server it has to ping each of the available servers to find the one that responds the fastest. If there is anything wrong at your end the entire process would probably fail otherwise it my select a different server if the one you normally use is down for maintenance. I personally do this as one of those "after Installation todo's"

The function can be found in software
sources which can be accessed through
the software centre's edit menu

Then select other from the server
menu

And finally hit the Choose the best
server button

Hope this helps.


Problem with windows title bar and activity bar

The extensions you discovered normally can preserve the window buttons in the top bar. The "Unite" extensions comes with quite some options. You may want to check these. I am not sure whether that works with the extension "Dash to Panel", which you use.
With respect to combining the menu bar with the window control buttons, that would require a special framework. The old Unity desktop had that, and it worked quite well with many common applications. Not sure if it would have worked with Visual Studio, though.
Currently, only the Unity desktop and the Mate desktop have that functionality. So if this is crucial to you, you could try one of these desktop environments. But as I indicated, even there, it will not work with every application.
Alternatively, you could try to live without the Window control buttons. Window management is also quickly done with shortcut keys:

Alt+F4 to close windows
Super+Down to normalize a window, Super+Up to maximize a window.
Super+H to minimize a window.

Window controls can also be accessed after hitting Alt+Space


The values you need are stored in xfce4-settings-editor. The function you require is lid-action-on-ac. So, to use xfconf-query to set it to do nothing, you would run

xfconf-query -c xfce4-power-manager -p /xfce4-power-manager/lid-action-on-ac -t int -s 0

Then to set it to suspend, substitute the 0 for a 1:

xfconf-query -c xfce4-power-manager -p /xfce4-power-manager/lid-action-on-ac -t int -s 1

The values usable with xfconf-query that correspond to the settings in the graphical application are:

lid-action-on-ac

0=nothing
1=suspend
2=hibernate
3=lock screen

This information was found by setting the values in the graphical settings dialog and then noting the value that appeared in xfce4-settings-editor under the appropriate function. You could do this for the other functions such as power-button-action, if you are interested in those as well.

However, you cannot use the toggle option (-T) here explicitly, as that only works with boolean values (true, false) and not integers. You could however just use the two xfconf-query commands above in a script and fashion a toggle within that script, as you said you wish to do.