I do not think you can directly upgrade from 10.04 to 11.10, you would need to upgrade to 10.10 first, then 11.04.

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes

Honestly with all the changes and potential problems / hassles of upgrading, not to mention bandwidth, I would back up my data and do a fresh install.

If you do not already have one, making a separate /home partition can be helpful as well.


How can I access my desktop from root shell prompt in recovery menu?

As I know, when you boot into recovery mode, the home partition will not mount automatically.

First locate your home partition using commands like: lsblk or fdisk -l or even by having a look at /etc/fstab:

# grep '/home' /etc/fstab | grep ext

Then mount that partition at /home (in my case sda2 is my home partition).

# mount /dev/sda2 /home

And copy your file to your desired path, device.

Remember that you may need to remount or mount your partitions with rw option.


Only background is there, no icons, blank screen

Probably unity plugin is disabled. Press ctrl+alt+t and type ccsm, accept with enter. Find and click on ubuntu unity plugin and (if not) check it.

If you haven't got ccsm, install it :

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager


Install Ubuntu 18.04 desktop with RAID 1 and LVM on machine with UEFI BIOS

With some help from How to install Ubuntu server with UEFI and RAID1 + LVM, RAID set up in Ubuntu 18.04, and RAID support in Ubuntu 18.04 Desktop installer? and How to get rid of the "scanning for btrfs file systems" at start-up?, I managed to put together a working HOWTO using linux commands only.

In short

Download the alternate server installer.
Install with manual partitioning, EFI + RAID and LVM on RAID partition.
Clone EFI partition from installed partition to the other drive.
Install second EFI partition into UEFI boot chain.
To avoid a lengthy wait during boot in case a drive breaks, remove the btrfs boot scripts.

In detail

1. Download the installer

Download the alternate server installer from  http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/releases/bionic/release/
Create a bootable CD or USB and boot the new machine from it.
Select Install Ubuntu Server.

2. Install with manual partitioning

During install, at the Partition disks step, select Manual.
If the disks contain any partitions, remove them.

If any logical volumes are present on your drives, select Configure the Logical Volume Manager.

Choose Delete logical volume until all volumes have been deleted.
Choose Delete volume group until all volume groups have been deleted.

If any RAID device is present, select Configure software RAID.

Choose Delete MD device until all MD devices have been deleted.

Delete every partition on the physical drives by choosing them and selecting Delete the partition.

Create physical partitions

On each drive, create a 512MB partition (I've seen others use 128MB) at the beginning of the disk, Use as: EFI System Partition.
On each drive, create a second partition with 'max' size, Use as: Physical Volume for RAID.

Set up RAID

Select Configure software RAID.
Select Create MD device, type RAID1, 2 active disks, 0 spare disks, and select the /dev/sda2 and /dev/sdb2 devices.

Set up LVM

Select Configure the Logical Volume Manager.
Create volume group vg on the /dev/md0 device.
Create logical volumes, e.g.

swap at 16G
root at 35G
tmp at 10G
var at 5G
home at 200G

Set up how to use the logical partitions

For the swap partition, select Use as: swap.
For the other partitions, select Use as: ext4 with the proper mount points (/, /tmp, /var, /home, respectively).

Select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk.
Allow the installation program to finish and reboot.

If you are re-installing on a drive that earlier had a RAID configuration, the RAID creation step above might fail and you never get an md device. In that case, you may have to create a Ubuntu Live USB stick, boot into that, run gparted  to clear all your partition tables, before you re-start this HOWTO.

3. Inspect system

Check which EFI partition has been mounted. Most likely /dev/sda1.

mount | grep boot
Check RAID status. Most likely it is synchronizing.

cat /proc/mdstat

4. Clone EFI partition

The EFI bootloaded should have been installed on /dev/sda1. As that partition is not mirrored via the RAID system, we need to clone it.

sudo dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1

5. Insert second drive into boot chain

This step may not be necessary, since if either drive dies, the system should boot from the (identical) EFI partitions. However, it seems prudent to ensure that we can boot from either disk.

Run efibootmgr -v and notice the file name for the ubuntu boot entry. On my install it was \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi.
Run sudo efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sdb -p 1 -L "ubuntu2" -l \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi. Depending on your shell, you might have to escape the backslashes.
Verify with efibootmgr -v that you have the same file name for the ubuntu and ubuntu2 boot items and that they are the first two in the boot order.
Now the system should boot even if either of the drives fail!

7. Wait

If you want to try to physically remove or disable any drive to test your installation, you must first wait until the RAID synchronization has finished! Monitor the progress with cat /proc/mdstat However, you may perform step 8 below while waiting.

8. Remove BTRFS

If one drive fails (after the synchronization is complete), the system will still boot. However, the boot sequence will spend a lot of time looking for btrfs file systems. To remove that unnecessary wait, run

sudo apt-get purge btrfs-progs

This should remove btrfs-progs, btrfs-tools and ubuntu-server. The last package is just a meta package, so if no more packages are listed for removal, you should be ok.

9. Install the desktop version

Run sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop to install the desktop version. After that, the synchronization is probably done and your system is configured and should survive a disk failure!

10. Update EFI partition after grub-efi-amd64 update

When the package grub-efi-amd64 is updated, the files on the EFI partition (mounted at /boot/efi) may change. In that case, the update must be cloned manually to the mirror partition. Luckily, you should get a warning from the update manager that grub-efi-amd64 is about to be updated, so you don't have to check after every update.

10.1 Find out clone source, quick way

If you haven't rebooted after the update, use

mount | grep boot

to find out what EFI partition is mounted. That partition, typically /dev/sdb1, should be used as the clone source.

10.2 Find out clone source, paranoid way

Create mount points and mount both partitions:

sudo mkdir /tmp/sda1 /tmp/sdb1
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /tmp/sda1
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /tmp/sdb1

Find timestamp of newest file in each tree

sudo find /tmp/sda1 -type f -printf '%T+ %p\n' | sort | tail -n 1 > /tmp/newest.sda1
sudo find /tmp/sdb1 -type f -printf '%T+ %p\n' | sort | tail -n 1 > /tmp/newest.sdb1

Compare timestamps

cat /tmp/newest.sd* | sort | tail -n 1 | perl -ne 'm,/tmp/(sd[ab]1)/, && print "/dev/$1 is newest.\n"'

Should print /dev/sdb1 is newest (most likely) or /dev/sda1 is newest. That partition should be used as the clone source.

Unmount the partitions before the cloning to avoid cache/partition inconsistency.

sudo umount /tmp/sda1 /tmp/sdb1

10.3 Clone

If /dev/sdb1 was the clone source:

sudo dd if=/dev/sdb1 of=/dev/sda1

If /dev/sda1 was the clone source:

sudo dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1

Done!

11. Virtual machine gotchas

If you want to try this out in a virtual machine first, there are some caveats: Apparently, the NVRAM that holds the UEFI information is remembered between reboots, but not between shutdown-restart cycles. In that case, you may end up at the UEFI Shell console. The following commands should boot you into your machine from /dev/sda1 (use FS1: for /dev/sdb1):

FS0:
\EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

The first solution in the top answer of UEFI boot in virtualbox - Ubuntu 12.04 might also be helpful.


I think I found the answer.

desktop-file-install probably automatically added a default icon Icon[en_US]=gnome-panel-launcher before I added Icon below it. I totally did not see that line.

Most likely the locale specific Icon takes precedence over Icon


apt-get update wanted to download much more MB worth of packages than the disk space will be used to install them

The slash indicates an of. Meaning of the 203 MB of archives required you have already got 9MB, and therefore 194MB remains. As for the 6,602kB, you should note that it's telling you how much additional space is going to be used, this doesn't include the re-use of currently occupied space as far as I know, which will occur if any files are replaced. So more than 6,602 kB of space might be used but because some of it is already being used by files that will be replaced it might not be considered additional space because it will not increase your hard drive usage. I have no sources to back up my statements, this is just what my understanding has always been.


akonadi services and mysqld use too much memory in kubuntu 16.04

Until ubuntu provides a fix for this problem, i found a workaround!

I use the command pkill -f akonadi and add it to the startup. System Settings>>Startup & Shutdown>>Autostart. using this command all the akonadi services get killed at startup and mysqld process will be killed along with it and all the memory occupied by them will be released.

after this everything works normally and i found no errors or missfunctionalities whatsoever.

Removing akonadi services

Using command sudo apt-get remove --purge kmail akonadi-server you can uninstall akonadi-server and all it's integrated services without any harmful changes to the system. this way memory usage goes under 500MB and mysqld won't run and take resources.


Unzip command equivalent to "extract here"

You don't need to manually mkdir a; unzip will create the directory:

$ touch foo
$ zip foo.zip foo
  adding: foo (stored 0%)
$ rm foo
$ unzip foo.zip -d foo
Archive:  foo.zip
 extracting: foo/foo
$ tree foo
foo
└── foo

0 directories, 1 file


Import program files into fresh Ubuntu installation

I wanted to add a comment, but as I don't have enough reputation yet, adding this as an answer.

If you're planning to install and use the same softwares, then you can copy your configurations to the new drive. If you're doing a fresh OS install on your ssd, install the softwares you're using and then overwrite the configs with your current one.

Most of the configs are stored inside /etc/ and inside your home directory. If you've multi user setup then you may have to copy those configs for other users home directory too.

Configurations for systemwide software or applications are found inside /etc/ directory, like nginx, mysql, network settings etc. Inside your home directory, you have configs or customisations for softwares like bash (.bashrc), vim (.vimrc) etc. Also steam and other softwares stores a lot of settings and files inside your home directory.

And obviously your documents, pictures and other medias will be inside home directory. And if you had other partitions on the old drive and stored your own files there then you need to copy them too.


OrdFred thank you for your help. I Tried the 2 rescue disks, but they didn't help. I opened the box and tried, as you suggested, but it didn't cure my problem. I tried Ubuntu live CD and it would sometimes freeze, then work, then freeze, and work.  I pulled the hard drive and installed in another machine. When I booted, the Live CD noticed an error on the hard drive. It asked if I wanted to fix it. I chose Y. The screen looked like the rescue disk, but gave me a "GRUB REPAIR"option. I chose Y. The screen froze and would not let go. I pressed the power button to turn the machine off, and the machine rebooted and put My desktop on my screen.
 I would suggest that anyone start with the Live CD, and ignore the Rescue Discs.
My problem ended up being a driver or hardware issue. More than likely a hardware issue.
Thanks again for all who helped.


What do "dashes" mean in Permissions-Tab of file/folder properties?

There a 3 states you will see when when selecting the permissions of files/folders in Nautilus. 2 of them will always show. The last one will only show if you select multiple files and a condition is met. Here are the states:

Allow State (Checked) - You will typically see this state when selecting a single file. It means that that single file has allowed a Read, Write or Execute permission.

Disallowed (Unchecked) - You will typically see this state when selecting a single file. It means that that single file has disallowed a Read, Write or Execute permission.

Mixed States (Some are Checked, Some are Unchecked) - You will ONLY see this state when selecting multiple files AND (Here is the condition I mentioned earlier) the multiple files selected do not have the same permissions assigned to them. For example, In this case, some files have allowed read permission, while others have not. Some have allowed write and execute permissions while others have not. You can change this by clicking the permission box which would disallow that permission then clicking it again to allow. This will affect all files selected (Assuming you are the owner). This state only shows when there are mixed allowed/disallowed states but this can only happen if you select multiple files/folders.

UPDATE: With the added image that shows Folder and File permissions and with several tests I did on my PC I can say the following:

The Nautilus File Properties are not being read correctly when selecting the parent folder. They will always by default show as Mixed.
You can change the permissions to all files and folders inside a parent folder (Which would change the permissions to all files/folders inside if you click on Apply to enclosed) but they would still show as mixed if you select the permission properties of the parent folder again.
Changing the file permissions in the Parent folder does change the permissions of the files/folders but again, it does not correctly detect them.

What you have found in that particular part of Nautilus is a behaviour I find more related to a bug than to a normal way of operating. I should mention, this also affects the normal visual way (Default) of showing the Permissions, the file permissions are again, not shown by default, even if all permissions are the same for all the child elements.

I have found several bugs indicating this is an old behaviour (Or related to it):

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus/+bug/503315
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus/+bug/822993
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus/+bug/94512

There might be others, that is just a quick look I did. In any case, I recommend creating a bug report or following one that exists related to this one. Note that it affects the visual way of changing permissions and your tweaked way of changing permissions (Apart from confusing the heck out of old and new users).

Hope this answers your doubts because it sure helped me figure this problem out.


You may use grml-rescueboot for ISO Boot

A very simple way of creating a GRUB menuentry for a bootable ISO file is to use grml-rescueboot.

The package does the following:

Creates a /boot/grml folder.
Automatically adds menuentries to the GRUB menu for any ISO files located in the /boot/grml folder. This is accomplished whenever the update-grub command is executed.
The created menuentry, when selected, provides submenu options on how to boot the ISO, including the "Try Ubuntu" and "Install" options.

To use the grml-rescueboot option:

Install grml-rescueboot

sudo apt-get install grml-rescueboot

Place bootable ISO files in the /boot/grml folder.

Since this is a system folder, the operation must be conducted as "root". For example, if the ISO is located in the user's Downloads folder, the command would be:

sudo cp ~/Downloads/ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso /boot/grml/u1404_64_d.iso
sudo chmod +rx /boot/grml/u1404_64_d.iso

Update GRUB

sudo update-grub

Tested on: Ubuntu 14.04 64bit
Source:  Grub2/ISOBoot

Another way, using memdisk from syslinux-common package:

If memdisk is not in /boot/, copy it from /usr/lib/syslinux/memdisk
Copy ISO image to /boot/

sudo cp ~/Downloads/ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso /boot/u1404_64_d.iso
sudo chmod +rx /boot/u1404_64_d.iso

Edit /etc/grub.d/40_custom or create new custom file and append to it:

menuentry 'ISO rescue disk' {
        linux16   /boot/memdisk iso bigraw
        initrd16  /boot/u1404_64_d.iso
}

Update GRUB

sudo update-grub

Tested on: Ubuntu 14.04 64bit, Didn't work for me Unable to find CDROM!
Reference: Syslinux/MEMDISK


How to install a new version of ubuntu over an already double boot ubuntu/windows?

The new installation will take care of the grub entries. Make sure to install the bootloader in the MBR.

Just be careful while partitioning because if you have only a single/ partition, you will lose all data that is present in your present home folder. just back it up and start off with Lubuntu installation.


date -d 'previous Monday" to display the preceding Monday

Use last instead of previous:

$ date -d "last Monday"
Mon May  6 00:00:00 BST 2019

This is documented in info date, and the specific mention of last is in the "29.6 Day of week items" section (thanks to @Jos and @hobbs for finding it):

  A number may precede a day of the week item to move forward supplementary weeks. It is best used in expression like ‘third monday’. In this context, ‘last day’ or ‘next day’ is also acceptable; they move one week before or after the day that day by itself would represent.


Why not design having the softlink (symlink) and hardlink in the same "link"?

I don't really understand what you mean. I think you have misunderstood what hard links are. First of all, all files are hardlinks. Every single one. A file is just a link pointing to an inode. A symlink, on the other hand, is a link pointing to a hardlink (to a path). How could the two be combined?

More to the point, the functionality is very different. Consider this:

$ echo "This is file" > file
$ ln -s file softlink
$ ln file hardlink
$ cat softlink
This is file
$ cat hardlink
This is file
$ rm file
$ echo "This is a different file" > file
$ cat softlink
This is a different file
$ cat hardlink
This is file

As you can see above, deleting the file a hardlink points to does not affect the hardlink since the hardlink is pointing to an inode. The softlink, on the other hand, is changed when the target is deleted and recreated since the new file is now pointing to a different inode.

Also, since hardlinks point to inodes and not filesystem paths, they cannot be relative. It is very often useful to have a symlink pointing to, for example, ../../foo. That way, we can move the whole directory structure somewhere else and rename anything we like but the link does not break. So, if we move to a different directory, a softlink will always point to a foo that is two levels up. A hardlink, however, will just point to whatever inode it was created to point to and moving the directory will not affect it. Sometimes that's what we want and sometimes it isn't. Having this kind of versatility is very useful.


Ubuntu 18.10 - cannot disable on-screen keyboard on touch screen laptop

After several hours of investigation, it turns out I'm a moron and the Block Caribou extension actually does the job:

https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1326/block-caribou/

I went deep into the nuts and bolts of the GNOME Shell source, came up with a solution, realized it was exactly the same as what this extension does, and then realized the extension didn't work when I tried it because I applied it wrong. facepalms

Anyway that should get it working. We should probably file a bug report with GNOME though because I agree it's basically unusable with this thing moving windows around all the time.

(even though the new OSK isn't Caribou, that extension just replaces the touchscreen check that automatically activates the keyboard with a function that always returns false. So it doesn't care that the OSK isn't Caribou any more).


Grep printing a line that doesn't contain a set of numbers

Try

grep -v '[834]' file

From man grep

   -v, --invert-match
          Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines.  (-v
          is specified by POSIX.)


Instead of forwarding ports, you might consider using VPN to connect to your Network.
(See TP-Link FAQ).

Once connected, you can connect with your internal IP:

ssh user@internalIP

As long as the router firmware is up to date and you choose a strong password, this is considerably safer. Attackers will attack the router instead of your computer.


Ubuntu will not start with Nvidia drivers installed

Run in terminal

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352 nvidia-prime
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

I hope this will fix your problem.


Screen connected to the 'mini-displayport' doesn't work anymore on an Apple Monitor

By now I am fairly certain that this was in fact a bug in nvidia drivers that has been introduced in 295.40. I resolved my problem by downgrading nvidia-current to version 290 using instructions from here: How do I downgrade nvidia drivers in 12.04?. Everything seems to be running smooth again.


It seems I was missing the libapache2-mod-php5 package...


Gearman problem when trying to run PHP cli

Try this command:

sudo cp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgearman.so.6.0.0 /usr/lib/php/20100525/gearman.so

I know this is a rather crude way to do this. But, this should work well enough.


Ubuntu 16.04 hangs at purple screen during "try Ubuntu without installing"

there are no open source drivers for that graphics card so ubuntu can't use it on a fresh install (I have the same card so I know this works!).  Go into your BIOS and change your screen output from your GTX 970 to the internal graphics chip on your mohterboard then unplug the VGA from your graphics card and plug it into your motherboard.  Next install ubuntu, then install nvidia proprietary drivers.  Then go back into BIOS and and change your output back to your graphics card and plug VGA back into graphics card.  If I remember correctly you will need to leave the nomodeset and possibly disable the splash screen as well.


No keyboard layout in keyboard preferences to match Danish macbook

Is your keyboard something like this?:

If the answer is "yes", than you will be able to fix the @ issue by running something like this on terminal:

xmodmap -e "keycode  11 = 2 quotedbl 2 quotedbl twosuperior at twosuperior at"


It is not that easy to do that and you should know exactly what you are doing. Writing a stepwise instruction set here is nearly impossible, but there are good official How-To's:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedFilesystemHowto#So_How_Do_I_Encrypt_My_Home_Directory.3F

Relatively easy will be to encrypt your home folder, if you get a partition freed, then you can move your data to the new "encrypted partition" and after that mount this new partition using the fstab file. Encrypting the wohle ubuntu installation requires much experience and should be done with care.


Disabling global menu for specific application in Saucy

My bad, it always worked, but it is important to run the application like this, for example: UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= leafpad - the space between "=" and "l" is important. That is why it did not work for me.


Password protect files/folders using cli

If other users have root access to the system, then the only way that I can see to protect your files/folders is encryption and decryption.

Lot of answers are listed here (in AskUbuntu) about encrypt/decrypt , but I will show the simplest method, in my opinion.

OpenSSL

Encrypt/Decrypt file

openssl aes-256-cbc -in file -out file.aes
openssl aes-256-cbc -d -in file.aes -out file

OpenSSL & Tar

Encrypt/Decrypt Folder

tar -zcf - directory | openssl aes-256-cbc -out directory.tar.gz.aes
openssl aes-256-cbc -d  -in directory.tar.gz.aes | tar -xz -f -

Keep your decryption password out of the sight, and out of the System.


Well, the message means that another/running daemon is using the same bus name.

Check using:

$ ps aux | grep blue
sneetsh+  2226  0.0  0.0 333592  5432 ?        Ssl  08:00   0:00 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-bluetooth/indicator-bluetooth-service
sneetsh+  2318  0.0  0.6 605972 48636 ?        Sl   08:00   0:00 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/blueman-applet
sneetsh+  2765  0.0  0.0  31484  3348 ?        S    08:00   0:00 /usr/lib/bluetooth/obexd
root      5327  0.0  0.0  29864  4504 ?        Ss   09:03   0:00 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd
sneetsh+  5361  0.0  0.0   9592  2192 pts/2    S+   09:04   0:00 grep --color=auto blue

Or system monitor (graphic user interface).
Another option, d-feet, it is DBus browser. In the bottom left corner, you can see the owner process.

Then sudo kill it or sudo service ... stop it if it's service. For default Ubuntu setup, it has a service, so run:

rfkill block bluetooth
sudo service bluetooth stop

Run your local daemon then enable bluetooth again

rfkill unblock bluetooth

Without switching of bluetooth, the bluetooth service will re-spawn again.


You should create a "security group" where you specify that you open ports 20, 21 and range 1024-1048. Then you should add a security group to your EC2 Instance.

You can find security groups in AWS EC2 console on the left in the section "Network & Security".


How do I update kernel to the latest mainline version?

The risk of crashes is highest with release candidate new kernels at this time February 4, 2017 version 4.10 release candidate 4.10-rc6 is the newest. Mainline kernels are considered stable and the latest version here is 4.9.8 which I installed a few hours ago.

Finding the right kernel

Rather than the link you are using, go to (kernel.ubuntu.com - Kernel PPA Mainline) and press the End key:

Now click on the link 4.9.8 and this screen appears:

Note the links with the black airbrush marks. These are the three we will download for Ubuntu 16.04 64-Bit using Intel or AMD processors.

Installing using Terminal

Open a terminal session with ctrl+Alt+T and use:

cd Downloads # Assuming this is your browser download directory
rm *.deb     # This erases all *.deb files, ensure only old ones are here

Now toggle back to the download screen above and single-click on all three of the .deb kernel downloads. After downloads complete (you'll see status in your browser) toggle back to terminal session and use:

sudo dpkg -i *.deb
rm *.deb
reboot

Voila! - you are running the latest kernel when first option in grub boot menu is selected. Your older kernel versions are still available under grub's Advanced Options menu.

After installing the newest kernel a dozen times you will ask the question "How do I remove older kernel versions?" and you will find those answers here and here in Ask Ubuntu.


How can I prevent the deletion of files in use?

UPDATE: see end of thsi answer for some infor on changing permissions:

I suspect you cannot prevent that delete in normal usage (without changing permissions)...

You can find a reasonable explanaion of how this works in the answer in this AskUbuntu Question .. I can continue playing a video after I Shift-Delete it.

There may be some special way to manually intervene and prevent this (by changing permissions),  but in my experience ,having only recently moved to Ubuntu,  I initially found this behaviour quite alarming (because it was so different to what I was used to)...

I now like this feature...it has some nice advantages once you know that it behaves like this...

UPDATE: An example of what you want is possible easily seen (and done) in the /tmp folder...  You set read and write permissions to a group, so all members of that group can read and write... However, because the /tmp folder is owned by root (just another user)... and this other user has set the permission of the /tmp folder to 'sticky', only you (the owner) can delete files in /tmp

Here is a step by step example..

# To give a select group of users read/write/create access
#   to a specific directory (and its sub-directories)
# Fil deletion is only possible by the directory's owner, or by root.
# Members of the group can create sub-directories.

# create a primary user who will own the directory.
  sudo adduser pri_user

# create a group; for the exclusive use of this directory (+owner +root)
  sudo groupadd pri_group

# make the primary directory
  sudo mkdir /pri_dir

# set pri_dir's owner and group
  sudo chown pri_user:pri_group /pri_dir

# set pri_dir's permissions; the '1' is for the sticky bit.
  sudo chmod 1770 /pri_dir

# create users
  sudo adduser nodel1
  sudo adduser nodel2

# Add users to pri_group
  sudo usermod -aG pri_group nodel1
  sudo usermod -aG pri_group nodel2

# Note. For files to be accessible they must be given
# Read-and-Wrige permisson to group pri_group


KDE flying bits animation - how do I stop this annoyance?

I'm not sure if this is a feature that you accidentally activated or if you are experiencing a bug. If it is an animation, you should be able to disable it via Desktop Effects in System Settings.

I couldn't reproduce what you described, as I currently only have a virtual machine at hand that doesn't seem to support hardware compositing.


After upgrading ubuntu 19 to 20.04.1, gnome-terminal always starts with '/' as working directory

It appears that things have changed. You cannot use the bash-tilde expandion. Moreover, you cannot use a relative path.
To workaround the issue, do not use bash tilde expansion. Instead use an absolute pathname or an environment variable, provided it is available.
Thus, expand the tilde by the full pathname, as
Exec=gnome-terminal --working-directory="/home/yourlogin/git/ams-rpicm"

where yourlogin is the name of your home folder, by default the same as your user name.


Ubuntu Center Ratings and How to Submit Them

First of all, you shouldn't use ratings as a means for reporting bugs. You should report a bug on Launchpad, instead.

To answer the question of how to submit ratings for an app in Software Center, you simply need to go to that app in Software Center, and submit a review, and you must have the app installed, in order to submit a review. A log in window will pop up to log in to Ubuntu One, if you are not already logged in.


How to set APT to use squid-deb-proxy without squid-deb-proxy-client?

You need to add one line to the APT configuration file /etc/apt/apt.conf or to custom file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99proxy:

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://[[user][:pass]@]host[:port]";

where

[[user]:[pass]@] are credentials (user is username, pass is password);
host is hostname of proxy server or its IP;
[:port] is a port (8000 in case of squid-deb-proxy).

Example: http://192.168.12.34:8000 for anonymous proxy -

echo 'Acquire::http::Proxy "http://192.168.12.34:8000";' | sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99proxy

Removal:

sudo rm /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99proxy
# or
mv /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99proxy ~/

See the The Acquire group of man 5 apt.conf.

Note: this line may be added during installation via netboot installer if you have set proxy-server in it.


Please hook up the ethernet and open a terminal and do:

sudo modprobe b44

Your ethernet should now be working. Now do:

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

Detach the ethernet, reboot and both should now be working. If it is not yet working, please do:

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source

Reboot. If it is still not working, look for clues here:

rfkill list all
dmesg | grep -e b44 -e eth0

The driver b44 is correct for your ethernet device. Your system shouldn't hang loading the correct driver. Please run:

dmesg > wifi.txt
lsmod >> wifi.txt

Find the file wifi.txt in your user directory and transfer it on a USB drive or similar and paste it here: http://paste.ubuntu.com Give us the link in your reply.


How to migrate(change) from Ubuntu desktop to Ubuntu Server?

Open your terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install tasksel

Then type  sudo tasksel in terminal

It will open in terminal with options & there you can choose Ubuntu Server with space-bar and then continue. It will download and install Ubuntu Server tools.

Hope that helps.


How to prevent a partition from being mounted?

You could try putting a space between ntfs and ro. And add a ,noauto to the ro (without a space before the comma.

Good luck!


What username/password does MAAS assign to nodes?

When commissioning a new node, what username/password does MAAS assign to the node after the OS is installed?

The OS is not installed at the commissioning stage, it is only installed when the node is allocated for use. The user is ubuntu but it doesn't assign any password, instead juju will make sure that your public SSH key is installed, so when it's up and running you can do ssh ubuntu@<node>

  Is it possible to specify an image or list of packages to install on a per-node basis in MAAS? Or, is this a job for juju instead?

That's a job for Juju.


How can I adjust the time that automatically reduces the brightness of screen?

This is the "Regard computer as idle after" slider on System → Preferences → Screensaver:

Or the gconf key /apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight/idle_dim_time, which you can set thusly:

gconftool --type int --set /apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight/idle_dim_time 120

which will set the timeout to 120 seconds.


If the drive you want to format is also the drive you are using, you cannot change the format. Easiest way is to use a Live Boot disc and boot up inside the Trial area (where it gives you the option to install Ubuntu on the desktop). From there, you can format the drive, but be aware that formatting will erase data from the drive.


What are the default permissions of /etc/fstab?

The default permissions are 644.

$ ls -l /etc/fstab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 731 Abr 25 17:37 /etc/fstab


Probably there are some errors in you conf file. To verify it use:

 init-checkconf archiva.conf

or

initctl check-config archiva

as described in upstart cookbook: 10.1.6.2   initctl check-config and 10.1.7   init-checkconf.

Upstart use init daemon that, according to man page:

  On startup, the Upstart init(8) daemon reads its job configuration
  from files  in  the  /etc/init/ directory, and watches for future
  changes to these files using inotify(7).

So, once you place your configuration file in /etc/init, your service is enabled and on the next reboot the init daemon will start it.


AMD HP Pavilon incompatible EFI Boot manager/ Can't boot on Cosmic Cuttlefish USB

I had the same problem (on my Acer Switch Alpha12), these are the options I chose in the BIOS:

Boot:

System boot mode: UEFI
Secure Boot: Enabled

Security:

I changed the bootloader file to grubx64.efi

This is what the path looked like for me:

BIOS > Security > Select an UEFI file as trusted for executing HDD0 > EFI > ubuntu > grubx64.efi

Then a prompt came up saying

  Do you wish to add this file to allowable database?

I selected yes.

Exit-Save changes.

I hope that solves your problem


How to install Windows 7 after Ubuntu on GPT disk

Windows ties its boot partition table type (MBR vs. GPT) to its boot mode (BIOS/CSM/legacy vs. EFI/UEFI), so if the disk is pre-partitioned, the boot mode must match the existing partition table.

Your question is inconsistent about the current partition table: The question title says you're using GPT, but the quoted error message indicates that the disk is not GPT. My memory (and a Google search) suggests that this error message normally lacks the negation, so I suspect you've mis-quoted it. If so, then the problem is that you've booted Windows in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. The solution is to boot in EFI/UEFI mode. This can be difficult, because the Windows 7 disc doesn't always want to boot in EFI mode. (But see below for a suggestion.) Also, in order to do this, your computer must have EFI firmware. This option is common in computers sold in the last 2-2.5 years, but is uncommon on older computers. If you've got a BIOS-only computer, you have only four options, AFAIK:

Use a second disk for Windows. This second disk can use MBR, while the existing one can use GPT. Note that Windows can use a GPT disk as a data disk even on a BIOS-based computer; it just can't boot from a GPT disk in BIOS mode.
Convert the disk from GPT to MBR. You can do this with gdisk; see here for details. Note that you'll need to re-install GRUB after doing this conversion, and there are other caveats described on that page, so read it thoroughly and be prepared!
Use DUET or Clover to add an EFI as a BIOS-mode boot loader. This is awkward in many ways, and it's unlikely to work if you've got an AMD CPU, but it might be worth considering if you're desperate enough.
Use a hybrid MBR to make Windows see the disk as an MBR disk, even while Linux uses the GPT. As the linked-to page details, though, hybrid MBRs are ugly and dangerous, so I consider this the worst of the four options, absent further information that would rule out both of the other three.

If I've misinterpreted and the disk is actually MBR, then you've got the opposite problem; but it's likely to be easier to coax the Windows installation disc into booting in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. Usually this can be done by using the computer's built-in boot manager, which you can usually access by pressing Esc or a function key early in the boot process. With any luck, you'll see two options for the optical disc, one with "EFI" or "UEFI" in its description and one without. Use the EFI/UEFI option to boot in that mode, and the other one to boot in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode.


Unable to connect to: ws://hostname:5240/MAAS/ws

I needed to make certain that port 5240 was available between my desktop and the maas server.  It was not open which caused the failure.  After making port 5240 available it worked fine.


How to prevent unencrypted file to be written to folder reserved for Gnome Encfs files?

Try to revoke write permission to the folder when it is not mounted.
If your program is "smart" enough to override write permissions then change ownership of the folder to, e.g. root:root.  For example if you mount your encfs in:

/home/user/directory

then do

sudo chown root:root /home/user/directory
sudo chmod 0700 /home/user/directory


Switched from snap Docker to .deb, can't stop my containers

I restarted my computer and that seems to have fixed the issue.

I had restarted my computer previously, so I'm not sure why this restart fixed it. Some things I did before restarting:

sudo systemctl restart apparmor.service
sudo apparmor_parser --purge-cache
Re-installed and re-removed the Docker snap
Reinstalled apparmor

Maybe one of those did something? Maybe not?


Renaming multiple files - corresponding to a list in file

If your file format is source.fna => target.fna you can use mmv to rename your files. By leaving out the from to arguments on the command-line, mmv  will take source-target pair, one per line,  on the standard input.
awk -F '=>' '{print $1 $2}' files.txt | mmv

mmv can actually handle this format directly, but it's more of a coincidence.

mmv ignores lines on the standard input that look like its own error and "done" messages, as well as all
lines beginning with white space, and will accept pattern pairs with or without the intervening "->" (or "-^", "=>", or "=^").

cat file.txt | mmv


I started to get it working by uninstalling, then removing leftover files (I had compiled gimp at some point earlier), which are reported with whereis gimp. Now after reinstall, it started up with error, second startup complained about files in /usr/share/gimp nonexistent. After apt-get purge and install of gimp-data and gimp packages, it works!


touchpad not recognized after updtate to 15.04

You may try several options. The first suggestion is just to reload the module:

sudo modprobe -r psmouse

sudo modprobe psmouse

This solution was found here: http://tinyurl.com/oekhvpe

Another options (from the same website rubuntu.com - on Russian, sorry):

http://tinyurl.com/qcs5b4r

I hope this helps.


How well is the HFS+ filesystem supported?

The kernel supports basic read support - however, journaling support is nearly non-existent which is needed for write support. By default most modern Macs (which utilize the HFS+ Filesystem) have Journaling enabled. For write support you'll need to first disable journaling on the HFS+ Partition:

sudo diskutil disableJournal [VolumeName]

Then, if needed, re-enable with:

sudo diskutil enableJournal [VolumeName]

However, as a warning - Journaling is an important part of any Filesystem which implements it. Disabling it in Mac OSX is not recommended and  can have adverse affects. There has been work to include journaling support for the HFS+ driver in the kernel - but that it still some time away.


aptitude install imapsync does not work anymore

The package imapsync is not in the repositories anymore. You can use imapcopy instead.


Why not connect to the internet stream from one computer and then use PulseAudio to provide the audio to the network?

You'll need to install paprefs for this, on the "server" (the computer connecting to the internet stream) and on each "client" (computer receiving audio data from the server) you wish to use.

paprefs is a GUI program, but its options are a little opaque. The manpage is, as is too often the case, useless for figuring out the options. It does provide a Web address, http://0pointer.de/lennart/projects/paprefs/ , which has a link to "Documentation" but contains no actual documentation. I will attempt to walk you through the configuration process, but my setup is different from yours so I may err. Hopefully someone will see it and correct it if I do.

First, run paprefs on the server machine. Under "Network Access" tab, select:

"Enable network access to local sound devices"
"Allow other machines on the LAN to discover local sound devices", and
"Don't require authentication"

There are two more options on that tab regarding DLNA/UPnp media streaming. I don't know what that is so I have left it alone.

Under "Multicast/RTP" tab, select:

"Enable Multicast/RTP sender" and
"Create separate audio device for Multicast/RTP"
That should do it for the server.

For each client, run paprefs and:

Under "Network Access" tab, select:

"Make discoverable PulseAudio network sound devices available locally"

Under "Multicast/RTP" tab, select:

"Enable Multicast/RTP receiver"

This should suffice for client configuration.

When it's time to listen to your broadcast, connect the server to the internet stream in the usual way. Then open System→Preferences→Sound and select "RTP Multicast" from the "Output" tab.

After that, on each client, open System→Preferences→Sound and look in the "Input" tab. It should contain an entry for an RTP Multicast from (server's hostname). I am not sure of the exact wording as I am not in a position to test it right at the moment. In any case, select the multicast, adjust the volume, and you should be hearing the broadcast (and any other audio) coming from the server.

As far as I know, there is no way to bind particular applications to particular inputs/outputs. If anyone knows of such a way, I would very much like to know about it. I have a question on the subject at How to clone audio output?.


Take a look at:

/usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf
You need add this line at the end of the file:

greeter-setup-script=/usr/bin/synergyc IP/HOSTNAME
(Where  is the name/IP of the server you are connecting to.)


Can't install qt-components-ubuntu because I'm using full release of QT 5.0.0

These instructions were tested on Ubuntu 12.04, Ubuntu 12.10 both 32-bit and 64-bit.

First off we need to install some dependencies. Install these even if you already have Qt5 installed:

sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libgl1-mesa-dev

If you haven't already, download and install the QtSDK from http://qt-project.org/downloads.

For Ubuntu 64-bit run:

cd ~
wget http://releases.qt-project.org/qt5/5.0.0/qt-linux-opensource-5.0.0-x86_64-offline.run
mv qt-linux-opensource-5.0.0-x86_64-offline.run qt5-installer.run

For Ubuntu 32-bit run:

cd ~
wget http://releases.qt-project.org/qt5/5.0.0/qt-linux-opensource-5.0.0-x86-offline.run
mv qt-linux-opensource-5.0.0-x86-offline.run qt5-installer.run

Then make it executable:

chmod +x qt5-installer.run

Now run it as root in order to install it to /opt:

sudo ./qt5-installer.run

Follow the prompts and, when asked where to install, select /opt/QtSDK.
From now on I will assume that you have it installed to that location, if you already had the Qt installed to a different location, adapt the steps in order to reflect your installation.

After installation I suggest you delete the QtCreator configuration folder as the permissions are wrong. QtCreator will recreate them when restarted.

cd ~/.config
sudo rm -rf QtProject

Now for the Qt Ubuntu Components, download the source file and unpack it:

wget https://launchpad.net/~ui-toolkit/+archive/ppa/+files/qt-components-ubuntu_0.1.24%7Equantal1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf qt-components-ubuntu_0.1.24~quantal1.tar.gz

Now in order to compile and install the components we need to create some sim-links.

For Ubuntu 64-bit run:

sudo ln -s /opt/QtSDK/5.0.0/gcc_x64 /opt/qt5

For Ubuntu 32-bit run:

sudo ln -s /opt/QtSDK/5.0.0/gcc /opt/qt5

One more thing before we compile and install, we need to change two environment variables, PATH and QML_IMPORT_PATH:

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/qt5/bin
export QML_IMPORT_PATH=/opt/qt5/imports
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/qt5/bin' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export QML_IMPORT_PATH=/opt/qt5/imports' >> ~/.bashrc

Now we need generate a Makefile an build the Qt Ubuntu Components:

cd ~/trunk
qmake ubuntu-sdk.pro
make
sudo make install

If everything went OK, the the components should be built and installed, now we need to try it out to make sure everything went alright. I suggest you log out and the back in before doing the next steps.

Open QtCreator, go to Tools -> Options, select the External Tools
tab.
For Qt Quick 1 Preview (qmlviewer), in the Executable field write: /opt/qt5/bin/qmlviewer
For Qt Quick 2 Preview (qmlscene), in the Executable field write: /opt/qt5/bin/qmlscene.
Click Apply and close the Options window.

Everything should be working now, one thing to keep in mind is that in order to successfully execute a QML Ubuntu Phone Application, in the .qmlproject file you need to uncomment importPaths and add "/opt/qt5/imports" to it like so:

Project {
    ...
    /* List of plugin directories passed to QML runtime */
        importPaths: [ "/opt/qt5/imports" ]
    ...
}

That's about it. For any questions comment and I'll try to get back to you. Have Fun!


additional free space for OS when moving /home to other partition

There is no one-size-fits-all answer for this.

You can easily determine the size of the OS as it is now using the df and du commands. The real question however is how much more space are you going to use in the future for the OS ?

The size of the OS grows by packages you install and, to a lesser extent, by updates of already installed packages. In the 'Software Updater' or 'Software Centre' you can set up the update behaviour (automatic or manual).

So it all depends on what you plan to install additionally.

To create some more space for the OS you can remove some files:

Downloaded packages are kept in /var/cache/apt/archives and can be removed using sudo apt-get clean.
Kernel updates end up in /boot and older kernels must be removed manually (they are never removed automatically).
If space becomes a problem you can always move some directories of the OS from the SSD to your HDD and then softlink them back (ln -s).

If you move your home drive from the SSD to the HDD, then there will be more space left for the OS. The home drive is often the biggest hogger of disk space. This might solve your problem already, at least partially.

My OS is also on an SSD (160GB) and occupies 140GB. My home drive is on a separate 240GB HDD and occupies 60GB.


Webcam taking pics with any action on my part

I installed Camorama.

No more mysterious uninitiated picture taking. :-)


couldn't open the software-center and sources

If you go here

http://ppa.launchpad.net/bisigi/ppa/ubuntu/dists/

You can see that saucy is not a version that is available.

That's confirmed from the PPA page.

https://launchpad.net/~bisigi/+archive/ppa

Open Software sources from the dash - go to the other software tab and disable this PPA and reload.

Look at How can I fix a 404 Error when using a PPA or updating my package lists? for more information.


When is Heimdall coming to Ubuntu 14.04?

What makes you think it's not available? It's right there in the official repositories. You just need to install it:

sudo apt-get install heimdall-flash heimdall-flash-frontend

There are also .deb packages right there in the link you posted in your question.


Update grub in a chroot environment with root on a luks encrypted volume

I looks like you forgot to create a proper /etc/mtap file

sudo cp /proc/mounts /mnt/etc/mtab

See https://wiki.sabayon.org/index.php?title=HOWTO:_Restore_Grub2


Left 4 Dead 2 for Linux has not left Beta yet. It is still being tested, as the port to Linux is relatively young.

Left 4 Dead 2 (Beta) is the actual game, while Left 4 Dead 2 Beta is the actual beta (as in: the version that is in active development, as opposed to the port).

Therefore, Left 4 Dead 2 (Beta) is most likely the one you're looking for.


What is the most easy way to install missing LaTeX packages?

Metapackage pulling in all components of TeX Live

sudo apt-get install texlive-full

  The TeX Live software distribution offers a complete TeX system. It
  encompasses programs for typesetting, previewing and printing of TeX
  documents in many different languages, and a large collection of TeX
  macros and font libraries. The distribution also includes extensive
  general documentation about TeX, as well as the documentation
  accompanying the included software packages.


Applications are ignoring/exceeding user-set CPU frequencies limitations (20.04)

If the goal is to limit the maximum frequency of your CPU, then cpufreq is what you’re looking for. This SuperUser post has a pretty good overview of how it works, but the gist is to:

Install cpufreq from Ubuntu’s repository
Run cpufreq-info to see what governors and limits are in place already
Call cpufreq-set --cpu 0 --max 1.5GHz for each CPU core on your machine, setting the GHz value to your desired limit

Hope this gives you what you’re looking for.


How do I remove/overwrite "phantom" files?

You can try the following methods:

Unmount  and disconnect the external HDD, and after that connect it again. Check if the phantom files are gone.
Reboot the computer.  Check if the phantom files are gone.
Repair the file system of the external HDD. Since it is a Windows file system, use Windows, if you can,

chkdsk /f X:

where X is the drive letter in Windows (or use a GUI tool).

Otherwise, try with the following command line in Ubuntu,

sudo dosfsck -a /dev/sdxy

where x is the drive letter and y is the partition number, for example /dev/sdb1 for the first partition in drive b. See
Code:

man dosfsck

for more details. dosfsck comes with the package dosfstools.

Sometimes this 'least destructive method' of the option -a is not enough, and you need the option -r to 'interactively repair the filesystem'.

sudo dosfsck -r /dev/sdxy

This -r option was necessary when I had provoked a damaged file system by unplugging while a big iso file was copied (to a pendrive with a FAT32 file system).

Now I think that the phantom files should be gone or made into real files.


Mouse and keyboard slow to recognize with KVM switch

Somewhat on a different track, but possibly a good solution for your problem, is Synergy. It's a free, open-source, cross-platform piece of software (that means it can work on both of your machines and more) which allows you to switch the keyboard and mouse input from one machine to another just by moving your mouse. It creates a seamless experience: you just move the mouse to the screen you want to be on and the keyboard focus changes automatically. It works over your network, so that would be basically its only requirement.


After downloading ubuntu 13.10, I cannot get an internet connection, why?

I believe this is because you are having a wireless card with proprietary driver, so the driver is not installed by default after installation.

You try plugin your computer to a wired LAN. Open the Software & Updates, browse to Additional Drivers, your driver is probably there, you just need to enable the option to install it.


If condition with 2 different values within certain range (boundary)

Bash can only do integer math. If the values have a fixed number of decimal places, you can remove the . (using sed or awk or any command you like) and compare the resulting values. For example, if they have exactly one decimal place like 10.0, 0.4, 2.2, removing the . will multiply them by ten, resulting in 100, 04, 22 (using the old test command [, leading 0s don't matter for integer comparison). You'll have to multiply the boundaries accordingly, of course.

Alternatively, you can use bc, which will work with arbitrary precision floating point numbers. bc reads stdin, so you can, for example, echo the expression and pipe it to bc as follows:

echo "$x>=0.1 && $x<=5.5" | bc

The output will be 1 if the expression is true, 0 otherwise. Read the manual (man bc) if you want to learn more about its syntax.

To incorporate this in your script, you can use command substitution like this:

if [ $(echo "$x>=0.1 && $x<=5.5" | bc) -eq 1 ] ; then cat="good";

Note that we still need to check if the bc command's output is 1, because [ 0 ] will also evaluate to true.

Finally, your example using bc:

x=6.5 #(example)
y=-7.5 #(example)
if [ $(echo "$x>=0.1 && $x<=5.5 && $y>=-5.9 && $y<=-0.1" | bc) -eq 1 ] ; then cat="good";
elif [ $(echo "$x>=5.5 && $x<=10.5 && $y>=-10.9 && $y<=-5.9" | bc) -eq 1 ]; then cat="bad";
fi
echo "$cat"

Since having those hardly readable strings inside the brackets makes it more error prone, you can use bash functions and variables like in the following example. This may be useful if you want to add additional elif clauses with different ranges. (Thanks to wjandrea for the useful hints)

x=6.5 #(example)
y=-6.5 #(example)

boundsGood="0.1 5.5 -5.9 -0.1"
boundsBad="5.5 10.5 -10.9 -5.9"

# Paramaters in following order: x, y, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax; bounds are inclusive.
function in_bounds {
    local x=$1
    local y=$2
    local x_min=$3
    local x_max=$4
    local y_min=$5
    local y_max=$6
    [ $(echo "$x >= $x_min && $x <= $x_max && $y >= $y_min && $y <= $y_max" | bc) -eq 1 ]
}

if in_bounds $x $y $boundsGood ; then cat="good";
elif in_bounds $x $y $boundsBad ; then cat="bad";
fi
echo "$cat"

Alternative version of the in_bounds function using printf (thanks to steeldriver):

# Paramaters in following order: x, y, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax; bounds are inclusive.
function in_bounds {
    [ $(printf "x = %f; y = %f; xmin = %f; xmax = %f; ymin = %f; ymax = %f; x >= xmin && x <= xmax && y >= ymin && y <= ymax\n" "$1" "$2" "$3" "$4" "$5" "$6" | bc) -eq 1 ]
}


The  error message says
Error: Could not connect to server. Most probably a connection issue.

Are you able to reach the Linux Server from any other machine on the network apart from FTP Server ?

Go to another machine on network and execute the following command :

 telnet my.ftp.server.com 21

If the above command shows a a FTP banner like  220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)  the connectivity between the FTP Server and client machine is working.

As a next step, you could check VSFTPd logs:

 cat /var/log/vsftpd.log


How can I prevent an app from leaving full screen mode when I move the cursor to another display?

I don't know if this hack helps, but I've set up short-cuts using System >> Preferences >> Keyboard Short-cuts with:
CTRL+F1 for desktop 1,
CTRL+F2 for desktop 2,
CTRL+F3 for desktop 3,
CTRL+F4 for desktop 4, etc...
as this allows me to shift between the desktops even when applications/programs are in full screen mode (F11).


The error points to wine and the i386 architecture.

PART A - If you are using a 64bit machine enable 32bit architecture:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

Reboot. Test. If that works great, thats all it was! If that doesn't work I'd go to part B

PART B - I'd roll my sleeves up and start really troubleshooting by updating and upgrading.

sudo apt-get update

Then

sudo apt-get upgrade

Then restarting:

sudo shutdown -r now

If that error still doesn't go away after updating and upgrading and rebooting what I'd do at this point is go to part C

PART -C: Completely remove wine.

sudo service wine stop

Then

sudo apt-get purge wine

Then

sudo apt-get remove wine

That removes it and its dependencies and resources. Then restart.

sudo shutdown -r now

If no error after restart then the error was directly related to wine; which if you do not need it then continue on without it. If there error is still there at this point then I'm stumped and would start looking at the hardware I'm using and I'd double check I have the most up to date versions on EVERYTHING installed.

If you do need wine, now or at a later point, then I'd go with wineHQ:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wine/wine-builds

Then

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends winehq-devel

Good luck with your trusty tahr!!


You choose your password when install the OS. The sudo password is the same as the password you enter when logging in. If you are not a sudoer and you have root password, you can add yourself to sudoer group.
first, log in as root. then open terminal and type this command:
usermod -aG sudo {your username}
You can check group of your user with this command:
groups {your username}
And you can change your password with this command:
passwd {your username}


Question about the RTAI and version Of kernel

As far as building is concerned, it looks like all you may need:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic autoconf automake aclocal libtool

Extract the tar.bz2 file and take a look at the README.INSTALL file for complete instructions.

According to the documentation, it just talks about 3.x and doesn't specify a specific kernel version as far as I can tell.

Try building and compiling on your current kernel version and if you get stuck with an error, post that error and we can go from there.

With that said, there is no realtime kernel for Ubuntu as it is depreciated. We now use the lowlatency kernel instead.

You can install the lowlatency kernel for version 3.2 by running the following command (you will need to have the universe repository enabled):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-image-lowlatency

Ubuntustudio uses the lowlatency kernel by default and I believe also employs other default settings to enhance this. Also, I think this is mostly for audio recording but I'm not sure. Click here for more info.


installing .deb file without internet connection without software centre

Try  this :

Install GDebi by running the following command on the terminal.

sudo apt-get install gdebi

After it is installed go to your .deb file, right-click and 'open with GDebi'.

or

cd /path/to/the/directoy/which/contains/.deb/file
sudo gdebi filename.deb

It will install the package along with it's dependencies.


I also have a 64 bit Ubuntu 11.10 system running on an XPS M1330 Notebook.  Until this version of Ubuntu, I hadn't experienced any problems with sound too.

Now I have found that when I use a USB headphone and mic, I have to go into my Sound Settings menu (via a click on the volume icon in the upper right corner, or via the system settings menu) and manually change the hardware, input, and output settings to the USB setting.  Then, when I remove the USB headphones, I frequently need to change all three settings back to the Internal Audio setting.

Once I make these settings, everything works fine and I have full volume control.  However, sometimes when I use the volume controls within a webpage, it only increases the volume to the maximum level of what my system volume is set at.  For instance, if my system volume is set to low, then maximizing the webpage volume only will get as high as low volume.  So sometimes, I need to change the volume in both places.  However, if I change the system volume directly, it usually increases/lowers the volume to the desired level.

The graphical interface for setting volume has been easy enough to work with that I don't use the terminal commands for sound.  Perhaps someone else will post a command line solution.

Good luck.
Doug


First make sure that mysql can write to /home/username/Desktop/basic/; if you're planning to do multiple dumps in the same directory, a pretty clean way to do it would be to set the ownership of the folder to mysql and to set the SGID permission on the folder (thanks to muru for this suggestion): this way mysqldump will be able to write to the folder, but new files will inherit the the group from the parent directory; this has the advantage of leaving to your user read, write, and execute permissions on the dumps.

sudo chown mysql /home/username/Desktop/basic/ && sudo chmod g+s /home/username/Desktop/basic/

Additionally, make sure that there isn't any file named user.sql or user.txt present in the target directory before issuing the command; if either mysql can't write to the target directory or a file with the same name of one of the expected output files exists before issuing the command, mysqldump is going to fail.


fresh re installation of ckan, jetty, solr

You just edit the jetty startup script /etc/init.d/jetty I assume,  and put a clean exit on the 2nd line:

#!/bin/sh -e
exit 0

then

apt-get update && apt-get -f install

And that will cleanly remove jetty.  it fails because the init script fails.


Ubuntu has great Wacom support.  It's all plug and play but with great graphical configuration options.  You can configure pens and erasers and buttons for all common Wacom tablets.  I was even surprised to find that you can lock a tablet to a single monitor in a dual-monitor set-up.


Why do I get: Failed to download repository information!

The link is probably defunct or has been moved, so it won't work.

To "fix" this issue, you can just remove it from your software sources. To open your software sources, there are a variety of methods:

  Method 1:

  In the Software Updater, click on "Settings" in the bottom-left corner

  Method 2:

  Open your system settings
  Click on "Software Sources"

  Method 3:

  Open the Ubuntu Software Center
  Click on "Edit" in the top-left
  Click "Software Sources" at the bottom of the drop-down

Once you've opened the Software Sources:

Click on the "Other Software tab".
Find that link, https://installer.id.ee/media/ubuntu/dists/quantal/main/binary-i386/Packages, in the list of software sources.
Delete it, and any other versions of that same link.

After that, you should be able to update without getting that error!


Cursor spinning endlessly while installing ubuntu 20.04 LTS

During the install process, this particular step can take a minute or two to finish loading, but if it's still going on, then I'd recommend you restart into the installation media, and make sure not to skip the filesystem check it performs at boot. The problem itself may be fixed by a reboot, but I suspect that there's something wrong with the installation media if it's taking that long. This check at boot should give that answer, and in the case that it detects an error in the disk, you'll have two options to run through.
The first is checking the downloaded ISO to ensure that it matches the md5 checksum posted on the download page. You can go about this a couple different ways. The first I will show you applies to Ubuntu, so you can do it if the iso is downloaded on a Linux machine, or by downloading the Ubuntu terminal from the Microsoft store in Windows (I recommend doing this if you plan on dual-booting, as it makes terminal commands equivalent between Windows and Ubuntu). First you'll need to navigate to the folder that you downloaded it to, which is likely "Downloads".
cd Downloads

Verifying the md5sum is pretty simple, and really just requires that you run the command below and check that the value returned is equal to the one that corresponds to the version of Ubuntu that you downloaded on this page.
md5sum ubuntu-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso

or if you downloaded the server version:
md5sum ubuntu-20.04-live-server-amd64.iso

The second method is doing it through a Windows terminal. To access one, just hit the Windows key + R and type cmd before hitting enter, right click on the start menu and click on command prompt, or search "cmd" in the search bar. You'll still have to navigate to the folder you downloaded the iso to in the terminal.
cd Downloads

You'll use the same page to verify the checksum, then run the following command.
certutil -hashfile ubuntu-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso MD5

or if you downloaded the server version:
certutil -hashfile ubuntu-20.04-live-server-amd64.iso MD5

If those values do not match, then you will have to delete the iso, redownload it, and run the checksum again to make sure there wasn't another error in download. In the event that the values match, then you'll have to format your installation media and recreate it either through Rufus (Windows) or through dd (Linux). You should already know how to do this step since you'd already gotten that far. If that doesn't fix your problem, then I'm not entirely sure where to go from there, but I hope it fixes your issue!


In the file manager Nautilus, right-click on the file or folder you want to create a shortcut to, select Make Link:

This will create a new link file (called Link to ) in the same directory:

You then move it to the desktop by right-clicking the link file and choosing Move to → Desktop:

You can rename the link to whatever you like. Just select it, and press F2 to start renaming.


Unable to locate package s-nail ubuntu 16

Well this error could be possibly of two things ,

You might not have the info about s-nail package in your ubuntu package cache.
You won't be having universe repo of xenial.

I recommend you to follow the steps below.

echo "deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install s-nail


Just installed Ubuntu 14.04. Internet connection goes amazingly fast, then goes very slow

I recently installed Ubuntu as well and faced the same problem. My wi-fi was quite fast at first, then it was pretty much dead. I tried the following solutions and they fixed the problem on my Lenovo laptop.

For Slow WiFi in Atheros Wireless Network Adaptors:

sudo -s

echo "options ath9k nohwcrypt=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf
Disable 802.11n

sudo rmmod iwlwifi

sudo modprobe iwlwifi 11n_disable=1

If this doesn't work for you, forget about it, otherwise make it permanent:

sudo su

echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf

sudo service networking restart (or reboot)
Disable IPv6 support

sudo su

echo "#disable ipv6" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

sudo service networking restart (or reboot)
Ditch default network manager and embrace wicd

sudo apt-get install wicd

Source

Also, there is already a similar question asked by another HP user. Check this solution as well.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2175345


Unable to mount NTFS partition (no hibernation)

Run sudo ntfsfix /dev/sda2 and you will be able to mount the partition.


How to compress syslog-ng's network link, now that zlib is disabled in openssl?

syslog-ng OSE doesn't support on-the-wire compression at the moment. If you would like to see this feature in OSE, a good start would be to open a github issue to notify the developers about it: https://github.com/balabit/syslog-ng/issues

BTW, where does the syslog-ng website state that syslog-ng OSE supports on-the-wire compression? I haven't found it now, but would gladly correct it so others do not misunderstand it.

Regards,

Robert Fekete

syslog-ng documentation maintainer


Oops, I just discovered this other question! Seems to be exactly the thing I am looking for.


Can I dual boot using an external hard drive?

You can install to the drive you boot from and it is not too difficult, see:

Can Ubuntu be installed to the pendrive it was booted from?

It is easier if you buy a flash drive of at least 2GB, (cost should not be more than a buck or two), and make a Live installer using UNetbootin or Rufus

Then you can do a Full install to the external hard drive.

Best to unplug your internal drive before proceeding.

Use "Something else" when partitioning.

If you want your Windows internal drive to be able to see space on the external, leave your first partition as NTFS.

After installation plug in your internal drive, boot the external drive and then update-grub, this should add the internal drive to the external drives grub menu.

In BIOS or UEFI make the external dive the first to boot, now if the external drive is plugged in you get a choice to boot Linux or Windows.

If the external is not plugged Windows will boot.

There is lots of info on doing a Full install to USB at:

How do I install Ubuntu to a USB key? (without using Startup Disk Creator)

One method on that page that might suit you is installing to USB from VBox, no Live USB is required, in brief:

Create a new virtual machine using your Linux choice as the ISO.

When you get to Try/Install choose Try.

Mount your external drive.

Now choose install.

Use something else if you want a Linux/Windows NTFS or FAT32 partition.

Update-grub the first chance you get.


Unison shows error about locked archives

I finally got it working!!!

Apparently, problem was that, Unison was not able to create a profile using the Unison-gtk (still don't know why it was showing error about a non-existing file) so due to this there was some problem loading the profile.

What I did now, I went into the .unison and created the profile by creating a profile.prf file consisting the info as follows-

root = /home/gaurav/
root = ssh://gaurav@192.168.0.3//home/gaurav/

Here is a complete How-To on the issue.
http://www.micahcarrick.com/unison-synchronize-ubuntu.html


Dropbox has just force-halted syncing, probably because I am using standard 16.04 drive encryption. How might I address this?

There are many solutions to this problem. The right solution will depend on your requirements. I will list all the solutions I can think of. I use Home to mean /home/$USER, and /home to mean the home folder or partition.

None of these solutions are simple or easy to implement quickly on multiple computers.

BACKUP! BACKUP!! BACKUP!!! The steps described below are very very risky. It is likely that you will lose all the data, or your Ubuntu installation will become unbootable.

Remove Home folder encryption once and for all

Needless to say, this is not as secure as an encrypted Home folder.

The details of how to do this is in How to stop using built-in home directory encryption?

Move Dropbox outside the encrypted Home

This is probably the least disruptive and keeps all files and folders other than Dropbox encrypted.

Assuming your /home folder/partition is on an Ext4 filesystem you can simply create a new folder outside of your home directory (e.g. `/home/$USER.dropbox) and tell Dropbox to move itself to this folder.

sudo mkdir -m 700 /home/$USER.dropbox
sudo chown $USER:$USER /home/$USER.dropbox

This will create the folder and give you the ownership.

The best way to move Dropbox is through Dropbox preference

Click the Dropbox icon in the top panel, click the Settings icon, and then choose Preferences.

In the Dropbox Preferences window, switch to the Sync tab. Next to the Dropbox  folder location, click Move.

Browse for the /home/$USER.dropbox folder and click OK. The Dropbox folder will be created inside /home/$USER.dropbox.

The folder structure used here takes into account that there may be multiple user accounts in the same computer who use Dropbox. The nested folder structure also meets the condition that the Dropbox folder must be at least two layer deep from the base partition.

Create an encrypted /home partition in ext4 format to replace encrypted Home folder

This solution has its own downside. For example, one has to enter a passphrase when the computers boot.

If your computers have only one partition / (plus the swap), as is the case with most Ubuntu installation. There is no easy way to LUKS encrypt this single partition installation of Ubuntu. If you want to keep the single partition setup, you may want to backup your data and reinstall Ubuntu. While installing, select the full disk encryption option.

Step 1: Create a new partition for /home

Step 1.1: Boot from live CD/USB

Use the try Ubuntu without installing option.

Step 1.2: Identify the disks

Open Gparted. I prefer Gparted because it is visual and let me "see" the drives and partitions.  Click on the top right drop down and see the list of drives. Go through the list and identify the drives you want to work with, by their size and partition structure. You want to identify the / partition in your internal hard drive you want to shrink.

Step 1.3: Shrink

Make sure you have selected the internal disk.

Select the / partition you want to shrink.

Drag the right edge of the partition leftward to resize/move to make room for the new /home partition. Create as much room as you want your new /home partition to be.

Press the "Apply" button in Gparted and wait.

If all goes well go to the next step. If you get an error, stop!

Step 1.4 Create New partition

Right click on the unallocated space you created and select new. You will see the "Create New Partition" window. Make sure the file system says "ext4" and you can keep the rest as is.

Press the "Apply" button in Gparted and wait.

If all goes well go to the next step. If you get an error, stop!

Step 1.5 Reboot computer to internal hard disk

Step 2: Encrypt the new partition

Step 2.1 Find the identifying information about the new partition

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:

sudo blkid

You will be prompted for your password. When you type the password nothing will show on the terminal. This is normal.

Copy and paste the output in a text file. Note the UUID as well as the partition name like /dev/nvme0pX, where X is a number for the new partition.

Step 2.2 LUKS encrypt!

sudo cryptsetup -h sha256 -c aes-xts-plain64 -s 512 luksFormat /dev/nvme0pX

You will be prompted to enter a passphrase. This is passphrase will be needed every time you boot the computer to unlock the /home partition. Do not leave it blank.

The next two commands open the encrypted partition and format it to make it ready for data storage.

sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/nvme0pX home
sudo mkfs.ext4 -m 0 /dev/mapper/home

Step 3 Temporarily mount and copy contents of /home

Create a new folder to make it the temporary mount point of the encrypted partition

sudo mkdir /newhome

Mount the encrypted partition to newhome

sudo mount /dev/mapper/home /newhome

Make sure your "Home" folder is accessible. If you have multiple users with encrypted home folders for each of them, make sure the "Home" folders are accessible.

Copy original home to newhome

sudo cp -a /home/* /newhome

Make sure all your files are copied to the newhome and you can see them.

Remove the bits of old encryption system copied in the newhome

sudo rm -rf /newhome/username/Private /newhome/username/.ecryptfs

where username is your username. If you have multiple users in this computer with encrypted "Home" folders, you will have to do this for all users.

Step 4: Setup your newhome as home

Edit the file /etc/crypttab

sudo nano /etc/crypttab

Add the line below making sure the UUID corresponds to /dev/nvme0pX:

home UUID=AAA-BBB-CCC-DDDD-EEEEEEEE none luks,timeout=30

Press Ctrl+X followd by Y and Enter to save and exit nano.

Edit /etc/fstab with nano

sudo nano /etc/fstab

and add the following line:

/dev/mapper/home  /home ext4 nodev,nosuid,noatime        0       2

Press Ctrl+X followd by Y and Enter to save and exit nano.

Do not reboot your computer yet!

Step 5: Remove the old encrypted home and old encryption program

sudo rm -rf /home/*
sudo apt remove ecryptfs-utils libecryptfs1

Note the old /home folder should remain and be empty as this will be used as the mountpoint of the encrypted partition.

Step 6: Reboot

You will be prompted for your home partition passphrase before you can login.

Hope this helps

See Ecrypfts to LUKS on ext4 partition for more details of this solution.

Hope this helps


Wireless connectivity problems with Qualcomm Atheros AR9287 in Ubuntu 15.04

Im having the same issue. It gets frustrating after numerous disconnects. I had some success by changing the wifi router channel settings. I switched from channel 5 to 11 and is stable now for quite some time. Good Luck


App armor blocks openoffice Kubuntu 17.10 after update to libreoffice 5.4.5-0ubuntu0.17.10.1

This is a bug:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libreoffice/+bug/1751005

There is discussion of how to temporarily or permanently deal with apparmor (now part of kubuntu) and it's lack of libreoffice profiles.

I'm still wrestling with it, but this should point you in the right direction.


Showing error unknown filesystem after i deleted the linux partition fron windows

re: 'installed ubuntu-gnome from [into?] unallocated space'
where the unallocated became allocated space & a partition I assume.

re: 'later I deleted the unallocated space and made disk partition'
if it was still unallocated - I don't understand your problem; if however you created an allocated partition to install ubuntu, then wiped it, the fact that you installed ubuntu re-wrote your MBR (master boot record) that pointed to a portion of the disk where the grub menu appeared that let you run ubuntu or windoze. this likely is now pointing to a non-mbr record in your new 'disk partition in windows' which can't perform chain-loading to your windows. thus you need MBR fixed.

I don't know your g50-45 (eufi or legacy); and have no idea of what version of windoze you have, so I'll suggest

How to restore Windows 7 MBR without a CD

Restoring the MBR


Ubuntu 18.04 VirtualBox Mouse click and keyboard not working

Before you spend too much time to debug your virtual machine the fastest way to get hold of your important files within the VM would be attaching the existing virtual disk to another VM.

In case you don't have another virtual Ubuntu machine, just create another one making sure you also create a new virtual disk. If you select it to be dynamically growing you can make it large enough (e.g. 50 GB) but it will only use the amount of physical space it needs.

After shut down the new machine just attach the old virtual drive to it from the settings dialog:

In the next window choose add to have a dialog where you can browse to the location of your old virtual drive.

After rebooting the new VM (from the new drive!) the old drive will appear as a location in Nautilus ("Files"), from where you can mount it and copy the files to wherever you want (e.g. a network location, cloud storage or a shared folder).

Only in case your drive's filesystem was corrupt and mounting fails you can use data recovery tools on a copy of the VDI file.


How to show Aptana Studio 3 in the "Open with" list?

you can do it by editing the file located at .local/share/applications/mimeapps.list and this file looks like this
according to my settings

[Default Applications]
text/x-python=geany.desktop
text/html=geany.desktop

[Added Associations]
text/x-python=geany.desktop;
text/html=geany.desktop;

and you can change the opening of the html files using aptana editing the mimeapps.list as

text/html=aptana.desktop

if there's aptana.desktop in /usr/share/applications
for creating .desktop file go to

/usr/share/applications
open any applications with gedit

they should look like this

[Desktop Entry]
Name=System Settings
Icon=preferences-system
Exec=unity-control-center --overview
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Categories=GNOME;GTK;System;
OnlyShowIn=Unity;
Keywords=Preferences;Settings;
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=unity-control-center

then change these settings for aptana studio
for eg:

[Desktop Entry]
Icon=<location of icon>
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Exec=<location of aptana studio executive file>

and you don't have to save it in /usr/share/applications, you can save it in .local/share/applications/


Has anyone got graphics working properly on 10.04 on a Sony Vaio P series?

It's a known problem with the intel GMA 500 that your computer uses. The fix is avaliable in a ppa. To sum up, type in your teminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gma500/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install poulsbo-driver-2d poulsbo-driver-3d poulsbo-config

and reboot.


I came across the same problem now (a year later) with Ubuntu 16.04 but I thought my answer may help someone else.
For me, I restarted my computer in Recovery Mode. From the recovery menu, I chose "network" --> Enable networking. After that, I get back to the main recovery menu and choose "resume" --> Resume normal boot.

It worked!


How does Ubuntu's Application Menu differ from Mac OS

Ubuntu's Global Menu Hides.

OSX's Application Menu does not hide.

Ubuntu's Title-bar integrates on Maximization and close/max/min buttons move to top left corner.

In OSX the title bar does not integrate.

Ubuntu has the "Dash" to search

OSX has "Spotlight" to search

Ubuntu Has the System settings and Shutdown on the right

OSX has it on the left

As a side note here is a nice article about the design decision to first include the global menu http://design.canonical.com/2010/05/menu-bar/

Excerpt about why certain things are similar to OSX:

  Our goal is not to make Ubuntu imitate any other OS; our goal is to
  make it better than any other OS. As we continue to improve Ubuntu, it
  will become more like Windows in some respects, and less in others.
  More like Mac OS X in some ways, less in others. More innovative in
  some ways, and less in others. We’ll try always to do something not
  just because others do it, and not just because others don’t do it,
  but because it’s a good idea.


Use Alsamixer check for mute ('M' key).
Try sudo alsa force-reload instead of reboot.


How to increase battery life on Ubuntu 20.04 and what power saving software should I install, if any?

TLP works to save power and prevent overheating. It provides AMD Radeon GPU power management. It provides power management for CPU, GPU, WiFi, Bluetooth, HDD and more.
You can install TLP like so:
sudo apt install tlp tlp-rdw

After installation run  sudo tlp start and reboot.
You will see longer battery life and reduced CPU / GPU heating after installation and reboot. However, it may take a few days to get the full effect of TLP.

TLP runs as a service. It is started from the terminal and it has no GUI.
After you install TLP, you run it for the first time using this
command in the terminal:
sudo tlp start

Then you do not need to run it again. It will run automatically with
each reboot.
You can check the status of the TLP service by running the following
command in the terminal:
sudo systemctl status tlp.service

You will get an output like this:
● tlp.service - TLP system startup/shutdown
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/tlp.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (exited) since Tue 2019-08-27 23:06:37 +03; 3 days ago
     Docs: https://linrunner.de/tlp
 Main PID: 2374 (code=exited, status=0)
    Tasks: 0
   Memory: 0B
   CGroup: /system.slice/tlp.service

enabled means it will run automatically every time the system
starts.

To see TLP's extended status information, please run the following
command in the terminal:
sudo tlp-stat

Please read more about TLP here.

Other proven effecctive ways that could be done together with TLP are:

Disable the discrete GPU and use the onboard / integrated GPU. This might reduce the graphics performance but will save power. Please pay attention that if you decide to disable the discrete GPU, you might run into video drivers issues so be careful with this one.

Follow the Use less power and improve battery life in the official Ubuntu documentation.


Desktop sharing - which port to forward?

On Ubuntu 11.10, I turned on the 'Desktop Sharing' application that comes with the OS and found that these ports are opened on my computer:

5800/tcp open  vnc-http
5900/tcp open  vnc

They seem to be just the VNC ports.

If you want to verify this for yourself, download this tool from the repository called nmap:

sudo apt-get install nmap

When you install that and have the 'Desktop Sharing' on, run this command in your terminal:

sudo nmap localhost

By default, this will show you all the TCP based ports that are opened. If you don't see any ports open, you might want to look at your local firewall by doing the following command:

sudo iptables -L --line-numbers

This will only list what rules are currently being used on your system.

I hope this gets you on the right track.


Banshee messes up album artwork when syncing with iPod

It happened to mine as well, and it's not jailbroken. Here's a list of what I actually did
1. In iPod go to Settings>General>Reset>Erase All Content and Settings. Obviously this option will erase all your music, videos and apps in your iPod.
2. Wait for it to finish.
3. Sync your iPod again with Banshee. There shouldn't be any problem with the album art in iPod after that.

Take note that this method might not fix your album art problem 100%. While it did work, but at times, the album art might start go awry again. This is especially obvious if you have a large library.


How to get execution Log of any running applicaion

To get a log of particular application run in from terminal following way:

$ appcommand > out.log 2>error.log

Make logs permissions writable, or specify path where it could be written.


What is the Ethernet driver in Ubuntu 12.10?

Here you go: "Kernel driver in use: sky2"

Uninstalling and reinstalling the driver is a tricky proposition as it's included by default in the kernel, known in Ubuntu as linux-image. You could simply unload it temporarily:

sudo modprobe -r sky2

And then reload it:

sudo modprobe sky2

If you really want to reinstall it, reinstall the entire linux-image:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-`uname -r`

Those tickmarks are on the left side of my US keyboard on the same key with ~.

Then reboot.


Ubuntu transfer file via Hotspot like with Zapya

I did that by installing ftp server app on the phone. launching the app and pressing a simple button gives you an IP and port which you can use through your browser


ClamAV: clamd.ctl file is not getting created on ubuntu

I faced this issue on my Ubuntu 20.04 LTS machine,

What I did was:

run sudo systemctl stop clamav-daemon.service
then run sudo rm /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log (sometimes it gets locked)
start the service sudo systemctl start clamav-daemon.service

to ensure everything is OK run sudo systemctl status clamav-daemon.service and the output should look something like this:

➜  ~ sudo systemctl status clamav-daemon.service
● clamav-daemon.service - Clam AntiVirus userspace daemon
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/clamav-daemon.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
    Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/clamav-daemon.service.d
             └─extend.conf
     Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-05-03 05:03:51 EEST; 4s ago
       Docs: man:clamd(8)
             man:clamd.conf(5)
             https://www.clamav.net/documents/
    Process: 6122 ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p /run/clamav (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 6124 ExecStartPre=/bin/chown clamav /run/clamav (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 6138 (clamd)
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 14203)
     Memory: 367.3M
     CGroup: /system.slice/clamav-daemon.service
             └─6138 /usr/sbin/clamd --foreground=true

May 03 05:03:51 user systemd[1]: Starting Clam AntiVirus userspace daemon...
May 03 05:03:51 user systemd[1]: Started Clam AntiVirus userspace daemon.

  Now run sudo freshclam and check the log file (or console output)

Sun May  3 05:04:02 2020 -> --------------------------------------
Sun May  3 05:04:02 2020 -> ClamAV update process started at Sun May  3 05:04:02 2020
Sun May  3 05:04:02 2020 -> daily.cvd database is up to date (version: 25800, sigs: 2331970, f-level: 63, builder: raynman)
Sun May  3 05:04:02 2020 -> main.cvd database is up to date (version: 59, sigs: 4564902, f-level: 60, builder: sigmgr)
Sun May  3 05:04:02 2020 -> bytecode.cvd database is up to date (version: 331, sigs: 94, f-level: 63, builder: anvilleg)

Enjoy!


You can try amarok it allows also to listen streaming radio, it downloads lyrics of what you play, you can create your playlists...

... on the other side even vlc can be used to play your music, listen streaming (or even to see streaming) almost in the same way, with a lot of radio station too, search for Icecast radio directory in the internet section of the sources...

If you think you can see this tutorial  about vlc.

Install via software center of with:

sudo apt-get install amarok
sudo apt-get install vlc


The message means that at some point, in this session or in previous ones, there has been a system error, it has been registered in a "log" and it is pending to send the Ubuntu developers to review it. The warning message is only to ask you permission to send it and that you can review it and fix it in future updates (or not send it).

If you want to get rid of these messages that come out every time you restart your machine, just open a terminal and do:

$ sudo rm /var/crash/*

... which will delete these pending logs to send.

Of course, if your machine continues to generate errors of this type, these logs will continue to be generated, and so the same messages will come back to you again and again.

With respect to the second warning message I am still trying to solve it.


Ubuntu 17.10 apt-get update giving 404 NOT FOUND error for repository

The mentioned repository does not have any packages for artful (17.10), which causes the 404. You have to remove it from your configuration.

You should either be able to do that from the Software & Updates settings GUI, or find the sources list file mentioning it and remove or comment that line.

As you say you have trouble locating it, try:

grep -r --include "*.list" "^deb" /etc/apt/sources.list* | grep "ubuntu-make"

That should show you the file name, line number and content of the line configuring this PPA.


For those with server/no monitor access you can access the logs using tail

tail -f /var/log/kern.log


How to create a .deb file with dependency?

In order to make one package depend on another, you need to specify the relationship in the debian/control file. You can read about the syntax of this file in the Ubuntu Packaging Guide. The rest of that guide will probably be helpful in giving you an overview of packaging programs for Ubuntu.

Briefly though, your debian/control file might look something like:

Source: my-game
Section: devel
Priority: optional
Maintainer: Jane Doe <packager@example.com>
Standards-Version: 3.9.3
Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 7)
Homepage: http://www.gnu.org/software/hello/

Package: my-game
Architecture: any
Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, love (>= 0.7.2)
Description: a game made with the LÖVE framework
 This game is really amazing.
 .
 It has many features.

Especially note the line:

  Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, love (>= 0.7.2)


Error sudo: add-apt-repository: command not found

For Ubuntu 14.04 or later you need to install the software-properties-common package:

sudo apt install software-properties-common

I found the solution in this blog:
Ubuntu Server 14.4 (Trusty Tahr) – add-apt-repository: command not found


g95 binary are located in this page.

Download the Linux specific binary from here

Copy the downloaded file to your home directory
cp ~/Downloads/g95-x86-linux.tgz ~/
untar the file

cd ~
tar -zxvf g95-x86-linux.tgz

Create a sym link

sudo ln -s ~/g95-install/bin/i686-pc-linux-gnu-g95  /bin/g95

Make sure that echo $PATH list /bin
Now to check the installation you can run the command.

g95 --version

Hope this helps.