You have not given any input file on which the sort operation will place, thats why the terminal is waiting for the input on STDIN. This is because as if you have not provided any input file, sort will take the input from STDIN.

What you need is, e.g. if the input filename is foo.txt :

sort -r -k 2 -o mayflies.txt foo.txt

This will save the sorted output of foo.txt into mayflies.txt. If you omit the -o mayflies.txt portion the sorted output will be shown on the screen (STDOUT).

On the other hand, if your input and output filenames are meant to be the same file i.e. if you want to save the output to the same file :

sort -r -k 2 -o mayflies.txt mayflies.txt


How can I use transmission-daemon with a download folder on a ntfs file system?

I simply noticed that NTFS partitions are mounted as root:plugdev, so I simply did:

usermod -g plugdev debian-transmission

I added debian-transmission user to plugdev group and now no problem!


Assuming Ubuntu 14.04: System Settings -> Text Entry (under Personal) -> select "Allow different sources for each window"


Shutter snapshot tool to copy image to clipboard

I am not familiar with Greenshot but there are some default key combinations under Xenial Xerus LTS which should help you out. Note in particular the 3 sets of key combinations that send directly to the clipboard:

Working well here and should work well for you as well :)


How can I solve this "SyntaxError: invalid synta"?

Pythonic wrapper around FFTW - Python 3 (python3-pyfftw) can be installed from the default Ubuntu repositories in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu. To install it open the terminal and type:
sudo apt install python3-pyfftw


Internet keeps failing despite connected wifi on 16.04

Just so that we don't have an unsolved question which is actually solved by this comment by Pilot6

This command seems to work (it worked for me and the original poster):

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-opt.conf <<< "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1"


How to send SNMP trap which will have all the information about commands fired by each user?

You're going to have to write a custom program that gathers all that information first. Then I'd suggest you use an SNMP library linked to that program that will then send the data structs via SNMP traps.

An example would be to install the Net-SNMP libraries, write a Perl script that gathers all the data you want and then use the Net-SNMP Perl module in that script to send the SNMP traps with the data.

I think sending an SNMP trap with a user's cli history is a really bad idea. SNMP traps are usually plain text and insecure.


High CPU usage while playing Flash and using Jupiter

Change all the colordepths in my /etc/X11/xorg.conf to 24 bit. Both 32 and 16 bit had the problem, but 24 bit works.

I noticed a lot of errors about defaultdepth 32 which prompted me to change it.

Also, I'm using the nvidia binary driver and I added the following options at the same time, not sure if they helped or not:

Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"
Option "DisableGLXRootClipping" "True"

Now my cpu is finally back to normal and compiz is much more responsive than it ever was before!

source: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1873768


I face same issue. but finally connected.

ESP32 in ubuntu don't connect default

sudo apt-get install git wget libncurses-dev flex bison gperf python python-pip python-setuptools python-serial python-click python-cryptography python-future python-pyparsing python-pyelftools cmake ninja-build ccache libffi-dev libssl-dev

after this connect /dev/ttyUSB0 worked :)


Is it possible to install Ubuntu in Tablets & Smartphones

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM

From there:

ARM Processor

ARM is a processor architecture used in a variety of applications, such as:

Handheld Computers (Nokia n900, n95, etc.)
Network Devices (Genesi Efika MX Nettop, Wyse T50, CompuLab
TrimSlice, etc.)
Project development boards (Beagleboard, Pandaboard, Quickstart,
etc.) Subnotebooks (Sharp Netwalker, etc.)
Netbook/Notebooks (Genesi Efika MX Smartbook, Toshiba AC100, etc.)
Ubuntu targets the ARMv7 and above Application Processor family
(Cortex A8, A9 and above). Currently the archive supports ARM EABI,
with an expectation of minimum compliance with the ARMv7+VFP ISA.
Where possible Ubuntu targets the Thumb2 instruction set.

Limited support for earlier instruction sets (ARMv5t, ARMv6) was available in early releases of the ARM port (jaunty, karmic).

Status

Much of the application porting is complete
Installation images are available for selected boards
kernels for a variety of sub-architectures are available
Much of SMP validation complete
Continued porting and optimization is underway

Current Images

ARM TEAM

OMAP: Texas Instruments OMAP
Tegra (AC100): Thosiba AC100 Nvidia Tegra 2
IMX53 QuickStart: Freescale IMX53 QuickStart Board
Server images (for OMAP3/4 so far) ARM/ServerInstall

There's more at their FAQ too, which you can check there too.


Can I tag photos in digikam using only the keyboard?

Eventually I found this blog article describing efficient ways to tag photos in digikam.

To make it easier to find, here is their "method B" which allows you to use the keyboard only across your entire range of tags:

  select an album
  switch to "view image"-view (the bigger the picture, the better you can recognize the people, you want to tag)
  switch the right sideview to "Caption/Tags" and select tab "Tags"
  click in the uppermost input box, which shows the text: "Enter new tag here..."
  look for the leftmost person, you have not tagged yet
  start typing a few letters of the desired tagname (You have to start with the first letters in your
  tag name. There is no "mid word matching".)
  -> you will see a list of possible tags appear that shrinks with every letter you add to the input box
  if the list is reduced enough, use TAB to select the desired tag from this list
  hit ENTER to assign this tag to your picture
  if there are more persons, you want to tag, go to step 5 again
  if all persons on this image have been tagged, hit PAGE_DOWN to go to the next image and
  resume with step 5

I could also add that one option you will be given while typing is to add the tag under the currently selected tag. Perfect :)


What are the advantages of partitioning a non-OS hard disk?

It's usually best to keep a partition table on a disk, even if that disk has nothing but a single partition. Reasons for this include:

Flexibility -- With a partition table on the disk, it's (relatively) easy to shrink the partition to create room for additional partition(s), should your needs change in the future. Without a partition table, this task becomes much harder.
Identification -- It's pretty much standard for hard disks to have partition tables. If you put a filesystem directly on a disk, without a partition table, a tool that scans disks and assumes that the disk has a partition table may misidentify the disk, possibly doing bad things to it. That said, I can't cite a specific utility that does this; but given the sheer number of obscure tools out there, and the potentially catastrophic consequences of an error, do you want to take the chance? Similar arguments can be made for instructions you might read on the Internet -- a procedures that assumes a disk contains a partition table, if followed blindly and applied to a disk without a partition table, could wreak havoc.
Partition table metadata -- Partition tables provide metadata that can help identify the disk's purpose. These include partition type codes, assorted flags, and (on GPT disks) partition names. These features may be redundant with features provided by the filesystem you use, but you may find uses for them nonetheless.
Why not? -- An MBR partition table consumes one sector on the disk, and depending on the way the partitioning software lays out the partitions, you'll lose a few more sectors (up to perhaps a couple MB of disk space) beyond that. GPT uses more sectors, but chances are you'll lose no more disk space with GPT than with MBR. Given the sizes of modern disks, the lost disk space is trivial, whereas the preceding advantages are much more significant. Thus, the argument against partitioning a disk is very weak.


Any issues running 20.04 with a Ryzen 5000 CPU?

I'm running Ubuntu Mate 20.04 on a Ryzen 9 5900x and Asus tuf x570plus with zero major issues so far.  I've ran some light video encoding and am very happy with it. Only issue I'm working on is it fails to come out of suspend.  Could be a video card issue.


Why multi-monitor support doesn't permit to move Launcher in 12.04?

Well! I personally thought it could be a wrong design in an extended desktop where in the middle of the desktop, a launcher is present.
Yet, notice that the launcher has new settings :

The reveal sensitivity allows you to adjust how much the launcher is sensitive to your mouse crossing. The higher, the more you have to push the mouse against the launcher to reveal it.
While auto-hide is activated, and about 27 % of reveal sensitivity, you can surf your mouse from the left external monitor to the right one or the opposite, easily without accidently revealing the launcher.
Check the poll, if you want to vote for this option.

Launcher Poll


Assuming that you've applied all of the current Ubuntu software updates, you might try updating your BIOS. It may, or may not, fix your current problem.

Note: backup your important files first!

You have BIOS version 7BETC7WW (V2.08) 03/07/2007.

The current version appears to be 29CN38WW (V2.15) 13 Feb 2011.

Note: Verify this BIOS information at the lenovo web site by using your model #

Go to https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds008568 to download the newer version. Installation instructions are also there.


Login screen background wallpaper not changing with Dfcon-editor nor Ubuntu Tweak [Ubuntu 14.04]

I have a similar problem with 14.04 since I recently did a dist-upgrade. Also after logging in, the upper part of the blank purple screen becomes garbled & fills up with thin black & white rectangles. Slower boot time too.

Acer laptop with intel graphics card.

Later.

I tried all the things the OP had done but I solved my problem by changing the login screen background back to the default. For some reason the login screen didn't like my current wallpaper. It was only a jpg of about 500k, so it's not as if it were a strain, but there you are.


Had this problem before, make sure OS Install Mode is disabled in BIOS settings.


How do I set up Edirol FA-66 firewire audio?

First of all, good luck!

Your best bet is to take a look at the ffado.org entry for that specific interface. As well as the ffado.org FAQ and Manual.

It's also a really good idea to get onto ubuntuforums.org, in particular the Ubuntu Studio sub-forum. Questions get answered pretty rapidly there in my experience.

That said, it's certainly not a trivial affair to get a FireWire sound card working in Ubuntu. I've been trying for over three years, on and off, without luck. I have an M-Audio card mind you that ffado.org list as 'Reported to Work' as opposed to 'Full Support' as is the case for you.

You're right about JACK - for simple playback you won't need to use that utility.


List all GNOME shortcuts currently in use

You should be able to search your keyboard shortcuts by pressing the magnifying glass button while in the settings menu. Not quite a list, but at least you can see what is in use.
However I think this won't solve your problem. Not all key combinations are valid for custom shortcuts, and I don't think '+t' is allowed. A user posted some limits here, but I haven't seen an exhaustive list of what is or isn't permitted.


xmodmap: where are its local settings stored?

You can store them manually in ~/.Xmodmap, then execute them with

$ xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap

Only place the parts between the quotes in the file, that is keycode 135 = Menu, for example.


For the HP I downloaded HPLIP,after searching through HP's site, because I was having problems printing on my HP printer.

http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/index.html

It was fairly easy to set up and has instructions on the page.

I am unsure about the other one.

You could look at this page:

https://www.openprinting.org/printer/Ricoh/Ricoh-Aficio_MP_C2050

and see if the drivers work.


Basically, dpkg-query shows you what is installed on your system, or even packages which has been installed on your system and then been removed at some point.

Interestingly enough, if a package uses a dependency of another package, dpkg may list them as installed even though one of them was never fully installed on the system.

But apt is used to download packages from the repositories defined in your sources.list and sources.d/* directory.

in other words, apt-cache shows the packages that "could be installed" on your system not the ones already installed/uninstalled.


How can I Sync/Backup iPhone 4S (IOS 7) with ubuntu 12.04 LTS

and wine emulators no longer work, so sadly the best way is to create a virtual manager (Windows  7, 8, 8.1, 10) and install iTunes there.


External Hard Drive Repeatedly Connecting

First what kind of usb port on your computer is connected. Does your usb external hard drive have an seperate power supply. Make sure the power supply is plugged in. USB 3.0 is backwards compatible with usb 2.0 ports but usb 3.0 allows more power over the connection https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB. Also I might try another port. Also usb 3.0 can have power management which the powertop package if you install can be useful to troubleshoot but remember you need to use this with sudo in a terminal to change hardware settings. Also maybe try in control center to not give the popup for the media to prompt every time you put a drive in if it causes your computer to crash but this is more of a workaround. Then you can probalby still acess the disk just by opening the file manager of your choice  in the left side pane usually.


~/.pam_environment doesn't work since Ubuntu 13.04

~/.pam_environment does not use the normal syntax and you should strictly follow the pam_env.conf syntax.

  Note: Using .pam_environment requires a re-login in order to initialize the variables. Restarting just the terminal is not sufficient to be able to use the variables.

Source: Session-wide environment variables.

But I think that the right place to define environment variables such as PATH is ~/.profile or ~/bashrc file (if you put them here you don't need to re-login).


Problems loging in gnome-session after upgrade to 14.04

Add X-LightDM-DesktopName=GNOME to the GNOME session .desktop file. That file should be located in:

/usr/share/xsessions/


How to call a function inside another function but in a different shell

This is a job for separate script files, not functions.

script1.sh:

#! /bin/bash
echo -e "$1"

script2.sh:

#! /bin/bash
echo "This is script2"
bash script1.sh "I use script1"
echo "I also need to print ${foo}"

And script.sh:

#! /bin/bash
foo=bar
export foo
sudo -Eu username bash script2.sh

Forcing the use of functions here will lead to a hacky, unmaintainable solution. Don't.


memtest86+ comes default with Ubuntu and you can try it from live CD or from any installation of Ubuntu. Here are the steps:

While booting press (better hold down) the Shift key to bring the grub menu that looks like the following image:

As you can see there are some options to choose from (this will vary from installation to insatllation), the one to look for is the third option in this screenshot i.e. Memory test (memtest86+), which will be there in the grub menu along with other options.

From the grub menu go to the appropriate option to select i.e. Memory test (memtest86+) and press Enter.

Now you will see a blue screen indicating that the memtest is running:

Now you can press c for more configuration options:

To exit from the memtest86+ session you can press Esc any time. There is no certain rule that how many passes you would run but the more the better.

Here is an image (taken from here) showing that errors were encountered i.e. the test is failing in some memory locations (pointed out in the red portion) indicating the locations might have problems. If your memory does not have any problem then you won't get any red portion.


Remote Desktop Connection from Windows to Ubuntu connects, but is a black and white checkerboard screen

I am assuming that your server does not have a desktop environment installed. In order for xrdp to work, you need to have X (meaning a desktop environment). If you are managing a server, I would not recommend using RDP at all. Instead, use SSH. It is so easy to set up and use that JUST before I wrote this answer, I set up SSH to let me use my Windows 8.1 laptop to connect to my server. It was easy to set up. For information on setting up SSH on the server, go to https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/serverguide/openssh-server.html. Do NOT install the client packages. Then, on your Windows computer, download PuTTY. http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe lets you download the main component of PuTTY (the one that lets you send and recieve commands and has a GUI), but also make sure to download PSFTP at http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/psftp.exe. PSFTP is a (simple) tool for transferring files between your Windows computer and your server. I think you'll love it and it is very easy. Also, SSH is much more secure than RDP and much more secure than VNC, so you can be confident knowing your data is safe when managing your server over the internet.


Code obfuscation is just a layer of false sense of security. You could learn and write the code in a c or c++ language that is compiled. Plus, if you can deobfuscate it, then probably someone else will.

Nevertheless, some obfuscation scripts are mentioned here:

http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-general-1/can-i-encrypt-a-shell-script-828096/
http://www.datsi.fi.upm.es/~frosal/ (shc used to exist in debian/ubuntu repositories but has been removed since it's easy to decrypt and exploitable)

On the other hand, you could set up the script permissions so that it cannot be read by other users except for the root (or setup the sudoers file and configure it with sudo).


couldnt install wireless driver for ubuntu 12.04 in asus laptop

I cannot add comment, so trying to help with answer.

Follow these instructions. Post the result. If there is any doubt in between you can check ubuntu help first. Once you know what's the actual problem, someone here can help to resolve it.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WirelessTroubleshootingProcedure

Good luck. And next time get some more details to question so that someone can help easily. May be error log or at least links to methods you already tried.


How to get notified about logon/logoff and display lock/unlock

Capture login: Place a script file in the path
"/etc/init.d/Login.sh"
Make the file executable
chmod +x Login.sh
Capture logoff: Place a script file in the path
"/etc/profile.d/LogOff.sh"
Make the file executable
chmod +x LogOff.sh
Capturing Lock and UnLock
gdbus monitor -y -d org.freedesktop.login1 |
  while read x; do
    case "$x" in
        LockHint)
          if [[ "$x" == "$lock" ]] ; then
             echo "lock"
          fi
          if [[ "$x" == "$unLock" ]] ; then
             echo "UnLock"
          fi
     ;;
   esac


Is it possible to exclude some files from rm -rf?

With bash extended globs, given

$ tree aaa
aaa
├── a
├── b
├── c
├── d
├── e
└── subdir

then

rm -rf aaa/!(a|b)

leaves

$ tree aaa
aaa
├── a
└── b

0 directories, 2 files


The adapter is blocked by rfkill

Run in a terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-hp.conf <<< "blacklist hp_wmi"

and reboot.

You can also try to reset BIOS to defaults. It helps on some cases to reset hard block.


Check that you really have the CD/DVD mounted on that location, as usually the CD label is used instead, then run:

mount d /media/LABEL -t cdrom -label LABEL -ioctl -usecd 0

Just replace LABEL with whatever you have.
Tested it on Dosbox 0.74 on Ubuntu 12.04.


Is Vim safe to use in combination with sudo?

Yes, it is safe.

The problem with sudo gedit is because GUI applications use certain files, such as ~/.cache/dconf, and after elevated gedit that file becomes root-owned. Well, that particular file contains user-specific settings for GUI applications, including desktop, so if the system can't read those settings - it's bad. IIRC a user can't start a particular desktop. The user's recent files data recently-used.xbel also gets affected.

On the other hand, Vim doesn't have that problem. It uses no GUI-related database and doesn't put anything into recently-used.xbel. It was created for a console-only purpose, although gVim also exists. In fact, on some systems Vim is your only choice of editor. So it is safer than gedit by virtue of not causing the same problems. You're still editing as root in both cases, so you could cause problems with improper editing.

According to this blog post:

  The first time you use vim, the file ~/.viminfo is created, and if you use sudo vim the first time you use vim after installing it on a fresh system, the permissions on ~/.viminfo will have the owner set to root instead of the default user.

While the author points out it can lead to issues, there's nothing complex - just chown the file back to yourself.

See also:

What specific bad things happen when gedit is used with sudo?


See the following link
Mouse/Touchpad stuck in Ubuntu 12.04

Touchpad not work in Ubuntu 12.04

Laptop Touchpad Not Working in Ubuntu 11.10


How can I be notified of updates on nvidia-current drivers?

I would recommend checking nvidia forum for announcement: http://www.nvnews.net/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=122606
When support for 7300 series & X.org 1.10 will be declared, add ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates to your system's Software Sources, and update. Updates usually land to x-swat very fast, in 1-2 days.


How can I change the boot order (grub2)?


Chromium does not launch on Ubuntu 18.04

Resolved now. I tried removing and purging chromium, but it was not enough. I had to remove some file with chromium in its name under the ./snap/ directory.


How to control IP ranges of Network Manager's hotspots?

After hours of trying different solutions, I was finally able to specify a subnet for a Hotspot connection using Network Manager and then set a manual ip on the client device for a sort of static ip. None of the dnsmasq/dhcp methods work with Network Manager. You have to edit the Network Manager connection file. These files are generated for each connection in the following directory:

/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections

I believe that when you create a Hotspot, a new connection file is created and is named Hotspot. You need to edit this file. Make sure you are editing the Hotspot connection file or this will not work! Change/add the following lines under the section [ipv4] to set a subnet. Make sure it has the line method=shared and use whatever ip address you want for address1= and NetworkManager will issue all connecting devices an ip in the same subnet. The format for this line is address1=ip/subnetmask,gateway. Gateway should be the same as the ip. Here is what the [ipv4] section should look like:

[ipv4]
dns-search=
method=shared
address1=192.168.125.1/24,192.168.125.1

Once you have this completed, save the file and run the following to restart Network Manager:

sudo service network-manager restart

Now your connected devices should be issued an ip address under the same subnet as the ip you entered. In this example it would be 192.168.125.x.

To get a static ip, do that on the client side device. Set a manual ip for this hotspot connection under same subnet, using the same subnet mask and gateway that were entered in the Hotspot connection file.

Here is my whole Hotspot connection file for reference:

[connection]
id=Hotspot
uuid=14032jb9-43c6-41c6-8d56-8b6b0f7xcce9
type=wifi
interface-name=wlan0
permissions=
secondaries=
timestamp=1486816539

[wifi]
mac-address=7C:84:DB:62:7B:3F
mac-address-blacklist=
mac-address-randomization=0
mode=ap
seen-bssids=7C:84:DB:62:7B:3F;
ssid=yournetworkname

[wifi-security]
group=
key-mgmt=wpa-psk
pairwise=
proto=
psk=yourpassword

[ipv4]
dns-search=
method=shared
address1=192.168.125.1/24,192.168.125.1

[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=stable-privacy
dns-search=
ip6-privacy=0
method=ignore

Documentation on this setting in Network Manager can be read here:

https://people.freedesktop.org/~lkundrak/nm-docs/nm-settings.html

Table 36. ipv4 setting

Key Name: method

Value Type: string

Default Value:

Value Description: IP configuration method. NMSettingIP4Config and NMSettingIP6Config both support "auto", "manual", and "link-local". See the subclass-specific documentation for other values. In general, for the "auto" method, properties such as "dns" and "routes" specify information that is added on to the information returned from automatic configuration. The "ignore-auto-routes" and "ignore-auto-dns" properties modify this behavior. For methods that imply no upstream network, such as "shared" or "link-local", these properties must be empty. For IPv4 method "shared", the IP subnet can be configured by adding one manual IPv4 address or otherwise 10.42.x.0/24 is chosen.

Most important part:

  For IPv4 method "shared", the IP subnet can be configured by adding
  one manual IPv4 address or otherwise 10.42.x.0/24 is chosen.


Mixxx is started with pasuspender which disables the desktop sound and has its own sound setup. Be sure you have selected a proper sound hardware in hardware preferences.

For further questions go to http://www.mixxx.org/forums/


Windows bootloader appears instead of GRUB

This is first time answering to a question, I also new to ubuntu like you. First of all you have to start your computer with windows then open ubuntu disk in the drive. then open windows installer and choose the option to help start ubuntu without disc or something like that. But this process would be distroy your datas in the hard drive. So backup them before try to this. I do this some weeks ago and it helps me to install ubuntu to my desktop


I experience the same problems with qt applications in Unity (Unity 2D is not affected). There is an active bug report but no solution so far:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/929712

My temporary solution is indeed to use Unity 2D


I strugled myself with similar question and discovered autokey which is just great:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cdekter/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install autokey-gtk

Just put <enter> as the phrase and set the shortcut to control-m. Works perfectly for me.


boot install cd
connect to internet
install boot-repair
run boot-repair


Visual Studio Code UI is visually mismatched in Ubuntu 19.10

Open your settings.json and add the following:

{
...
    "window.titleBarStyle": "custom",
...
}

VS-Code will then prompt for a restart of the application. With GruvBox theme this was the result:


does << (input redirection in append mode ) works only for newline?

The final 'EOF' (the LimitString) should not have any whitespace or other characters in front of the word, because it means that the LimitString (in your case ABC) will not be recognized.1

1Adapted and revised from https://stackoverflow.com/a/2954835/2907484


I installed vlc package instead of vlc-nox and that helped.


How to install multiple versions of LibreOffice?

This is based on this tutorial, recommended by Glutanimate in a comment to the question for making a 'local' installation of a specific version.

I will consider only the case of the deb files package (there are multiple such files archived in a package).

To get the latest versions go here.
To get other versions go here. (I found about this address from here.)
Unpack the archive. You'll get a folder, and in it another called 'DEBS' with many deb files.
Create a folder called 'install' (optional name) inside the 'DEBS' folder.
Open a terminal window inside the 'install' folder. In that terminal, run:

for i in ../*.deb; do dpkg-deb -x $i . ; done

A new folder named "opt" is thus created there with several other folders and files that contain the entire LibreOffice installation.

If you don't want your existing LO configuration to be affected by the parallel installation you will have to change the user profile location of the new install.

To do so open up the bootstraprc file located at ./install/opt/libreoffice/program/ in a text editor. You might have to change the file permissions first to be able to read and write to the file (right click on file → Properties → Permissions). Then change the UserInstallation entry to:

UserInstallation=$ORIGIN/..

To run Writer find and execute something like DEBS/install/opt/libreoffice4.0/program/swriter. The others (sdraw, smath, scalc, simpress etc) are in the same directory.

In this way, multiple versions of LibreOffice can be used in parallel, even opened at the same time.


default shell for remote commands through ssh

What you are seeing there is the local login shell.

ssh user@host "echo $SHELL"

With the above, $SHELL is expanded before ssh is run because it's enclosed in double quotes. So on the remote end you're running echo /bin/zsh instead of echo $SHELL.

Use single quotes to avoid $SHELL being expanded locally.

ssh user@host 'echo "$SHELL"'

See BashFAQ 96 for more on this.


Opening Sublime Text 2 from Terminal Problems

Option 1:

Open a new terminal tab or a new terminal.

Option 2:

Try:

gksu sublime &

The & tell the terminal not to wait for the program to finish.


Hp stream 11 ubuntu 14.04 wifi not working

Nevermind I figured it out myself download the latest linux generic header and image and also download the latest bcmwl and dkms .deb files onto USB and then copy to Ubuntu desktop and then open terminal the 4 debs still on the desktop then type cd ~/Desktop
Then type sudo su
Then type dpkg -i *.deb
Walla close everything then open system settings then click software and updates the  click additional drivers it should say using broadcom 802.11 Linux sta wireless driver it should say you need to restart the computer to complete the driver changes boom lick restart then your finished everything should be fine put this post as solved


in monitor menu you can fix it . press menu button .

horizontal positon - vertical position


Problem with FAT32 filesystem, need to install dosfstools and mtools

It's not possible to convert file systems and the warning message and the underlying problem that triggered it have nothing to do with file systems directly. It may have to do with dynamic disks, a Microsoft proprietary technology, or logical and/or physical errors on the drive.

You can remove the entire partition and create another one in its place with the desired file system. If, however, there are data to be recovered from there, then please connect it to a Windows OS for error corrections and/or backup.


If Linux is used as a kernel in most devices today then why does my Ubuntu suffer from driver issues?

So I think the best answer to this is that Ubuntu doesn't suffer from drivers.  The Lenovo Trackpoint IS supported in Ubuntu AND in the kernel but it needs to be configured first. In fact Lenovo is a Linux Foundation Silver member so most all their hardware should work.

So Ubuntu doesn't suffer from drivers, but from configuration files for hardware that got overlooked.

I did a quick google search on How to configure the Lenovo Trackpoint in Ubuntu and found immediately a YouTube film showing how to do it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-6yM4i_Iyc

And quite clear instructions you can copy paste from the same info one sees in the video.
https://pastebin.com/HX87RpNF

(Note: I didn't copy over the instructions and used link as they are only supporting to the question and not the main point of the question)


What is the purpose of the bin directory?

/bin — Essential command binaries that need to be available in single
  user mode; for all users, e.g., cat, ls, cp.

This Wikipedia article may be useful for you: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard


Letter 'p' disabled after last 16.04 update

I was finally able to get the letter p back by updating Gnome to 3.20 using these instructions.

For reference, here is the bug report I filed. It was determined to be a duplicate of this bug, where they recommended to just upgrade to 3.20.


Dock does not update when launching applications

This is a known bug that has been around for at least a year. There seem to be two solutions.
Solution from the Bug Report:

Right click dock and go to Dash To Dock Settings
Enable or disable "Use bulitin theme"
Dash to dock now shows running applications

Solution from Same Question in 2019:
Restart Gnome by:

Pressing Alt+F2
Entering r into the textbox
Pressing Enter

Hopefully one of these options will work for you until the bug is fixed in Dash to Dock.


Since you can still run Windows I'd go against running Ubuntu just for that. Instead I'd recommend you to use PhotoRec directly on Windows.

Go to the PhotoRec/TestDisk download page
Download the latest Windows (not Windows 64-bit) beta build
Extract the downloaded archive
Run the file qphotorec_win.exe inside of the extracted folder as administrator
In the dialog:

Select the disk and partition you'd like to recover
Select "FAT/NTFS/HFS+/RaiserFS/..." as "File system type
Select "Whole: Extract files from whole partition"
Use a new directory as output directory on some other HDD that has as much free space as you can afford (3x the size of the source volume is the recommended value)
Start analyzing by pressing the "Search" button

Of course you should check out Ubuntu anyways! :-P


Following update of ubuntu 16.04 to 16.10, conky doesn't move with workspace ruining transparent background illusion

I haven't updated to these 16 versions. Even newer one may have bugs. That's why i don't. My recommendation is to reinstall your old Ubuntu.
Regards.


Ubuntu 16.04 Bluetooth issues-Headset will connect but stops all playback of audio

I have had a similar problem with a set of speakers with a 'headset' function.

I found that if I changed the Mode: from 'High fidelity playback' to 'Headset head unit' in sound settings under output I got sound (although poor quality). I then disconnected and reconnected and could switch back to high fidelity without any trouble.


Unable to compile glade 3.8.5 in ubuntu yakkety

My problem has been resolved since the release of Ubuntu 17.10, as I am now able to install glade version 3.8.6 after downloading it from the mentioned source (http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/glade3/3.8/).

I still ran in a bug that would make glade crash whenever it tries to load a dialog window, but I was able to fix it thanks to the following tutorial: https://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/1641


How do I find the location of a system-wide path added by a program?

Use:

find ~/ /etc -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec grep -l 'PATH=' {} \; 2> /dev/null

to get a list of all files within ~ and /etc that are setting PATH environment variable, it gives you a list of files:

/home/user/.profile
/etc/environment

You can also use:

find ~/ /etc -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec grep -l 'topspin3' {} \; 2> /dev/null

For a better luck, with a high possibility it's going to show you the exact file which that address is being set in.

As you asked for wide system search:

find /  -type f -exec grep -l 'topspin3' {} \; 2> /dev/null

To do it manually, you should check these out:

/etc/profile
/etc/bash.bashrc > ~/.bashrc
~/.bash_profile > ~/.bash_login > ~/.profile

or even:

~/.bash_aliases


How can I automate creation of videos from an image and an audio track?

This may be helpful, even though it requires that you have the album art separate from the audio
file. and that the audio be in .mp3 format, you could however, look at the command and alter it to suit other input and output formats.

At your terminal in a directory containing the image and audio files you could use ffmpeg like this:

ffmpeg -loop_input -r ntsc -i cover_art.jpg -i test.mp3 -acodec copy -shortest -qscale 5 out.avi

This will take cover_art.jpg and test.mp3 and create a video out.avi with cover_art.jpg as the video and test.mp3 as the audio track of length the duration of the audio track.

ffmpeg may have to be compiled with restricted formats enabled.

A great automation would be to find something that can extract the art from the audio file and use that image with ffmpeg.


How to see if email daemon is running on another server?

There are 2 ways to see if an email server is running.

First (read man nmap), and do:

nmap -sT -p25 --version-all email.test.com

Or use telnet (of course, read `man

telnet`), and do:

telnet email.test.com 25

In both cases, the "25" specifies the traditional TCP port that email servers listen to.

$ grep smtp /etc/services
smtp        25/tcp      mai

l


Ubuntu on Android for Samsung Galaxy note 2?

My first question is if ubuntu for android is really the full operating system that lets you run programs just like a desktop pc? Is it super slow where it takes many minutes to load up ubuntu? I don't need blazing speeds, but I'd like something useable.

This is Ubuntu for Android.

It's not a "mobile version" of Ubuntu.
It's a special build of the Ubuntu OS that can be installed on Android dual-core phone, with this you can attach a HDMI monitor (and I think a bluetooth keyboard and mouse) and use your smartphone as a computer with Ubuntu.

My next question has to do with vmware or crossover. Is ubuntu for android capable of running these programs?

Ubuntu can run VM software on the PC to emulate other OSs, however VMWare does not emulate CPU architecture, therefore it doesn't run on the Ubuntu version that the app Installs because only software compiled for ARM is available. I had Ubuntu on my Galaxy S 2, Wine for instance wasn't available but other software was such as Chromium, or Inkscape.


give a right click at your KDE panel at left option after time , it will gives you like this

Among that select System tray settings and it will open a window like this  . In this window select Network management in Extra Items .Then you will have network applet at your panel .

By using that you can manage your network connections .


There are two possibilities:

You might have turned on large text under Universal Access.
Open Settings> Universal Access > Uncheck Large Text.

You can adjust font size via GNOME Tweaks.
Open GNOME Tweaks > Fonts.


How to resolve the error when installing scikit-learn in Linux

The scikit-learn software is packaged in APT, so you can install it with
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3-sklearn

and then proceed with Getting Started.


How to use Thunderbird's address book in LibreOffice?

Using TBird addressbook has never been implemented in the Canonical version of Libre/Open Office.

You need to UNINSTALL the version that ships with Ubuntu and install the version downloaded directly from the LO website.

Here's how to do it select the correct .deb file format and download. Right click to install

source


How to convert a bootable CD ISO image into a bootable DVD

No action should need be taken.  All ISO writing software I have encountered can successfully write a .ISO file intended for CD to DVD, such that the result may be used on devices expecting DVD media, assuming the underlying data is compatible.

My experience is limited to images providing bootable operating systems and media (movies, music) however, so it may be that this will not always be successful: in the limited case of the ISO files distributed by Ubuntu, it should always be true.


Ati driver with HD7470M laptop screen backlight not working

First, make sure you're using the latest driver version from AMD. If those aren't working, I would recommend trying the "Latest Beta" drivers. At this point in time, the release notes for the Beta version mention "Ubuntu 14.04 Support", so it might be a good idea especially to try those. (I don't know if it was already there, or what "Ubuntu 14.04 support" means exactly, or what.)

Anyway, when you extract the .zip file and install the Beta driver (try the normal install and the package generation), it still might not be working. If it isn't, reboot into a Recovery Mode root shell prompt (howto) and run:

aticonfig --initial

and then reboot with reboot or Ctrl + Alt + Del.

However, I would be very surprised if the package generation method doesn't make an xorg.conf for you.


Revisiting this page after a month, the problem was that hardware acceleration wasn't enabled. This is apparent on HTML5 videos too!

Go to chrome://flags

Look for “Override Software Rendering List”, i.e. enabling GPU acceleration on unsupported hardware and enable it. Restart Chrome (close the background process if you have that running on the top of the bar) and see if it works for you.

Read more here.


Can I find my car with my portable device?

No, such a application does not currently exist for Ubuntu Touch as far as I'm aware of - see this list of currently exist apps, but others do also exist.

Developers might create one in the future - especially if there will be a demand for it.


Some people will argue that changing or modifying anything related to the CPU is not a good thing.  Well if that's the case, then there would be no overclocking.  I think that you can disable of one or more of the cores in the CPU.  I know that it can be done in windows, so there has to be a way to do it in Linux.

Now personally, I think that only advanced users attempt doing such things to the CPU, and the system for that matter.  Because any small mistake can render the system useless.  So any modifications of this sort, should be done with complete caution.

By default Intel processors, have some technologies built in that help in saving power, such as:

  Intel Turbo Boost Technology dynamically increases the processor's
  frequency as needed by taking advantage of thermal and power headroom
  to give you a burst of speed when you need it, and increased energy
  efficiency when you don’t.

  Idle States (C-states) are used to save power when the processor is
  idle. C0 is the operational state, meaning that the CPU is doing
  useful work. C1 is the first idle state, C2 the second, and so on,
  where more power saving actions are taken for numerically higher
  C-states.

As mentioned above, be careful when dealing with such settings.

  Disabling a core in Linux can be done through the grub menu and add
  parameters to the kernel entry. These parameters are sent directly to
  the core when the Linux is starting. The Linux system has to be
  restarted after the modifications to disable a core in a multi-core
  CPU are made.

For the Procedure when using Linux see Multicore CPU: how to disable a core

 Source: Intel

 Source: Multicore CPU: how to disable a core


Trying to split "install.wim" while creating a Windows bootable usb

You were SOOOO close. The trouble is you need to specify a path NOT in the ISO which I'd imagine you probably have loop mounted. You don't really need the --check option either, as it can make the process take quite a while longer, but it doesn't hurt.

Check out the write-up I put together of the whole process including how to do it on a system where maybe you don't have access to loop mount an ISO.

https://gist.github.com/dragon788/26921410d8de054366188c5c5435ae01


Are you saying those unallocated spaces have some partitions in-between? If yes - yo need to move them close to each other. In "gparted", the graphical interface for parted, there is a way to drag partition edges to move/resize them.

If you have multiple versions, you may need to boot into another one to move the first one's partition ;-). Or boot from the installation CD, it has parted too.

And ofcourse, if there is anything valuable on those partitions - back them up first.


To find to which package your include file (X11/extensions/Xinerama.h) belong to, install apt-file and search for it, example:

$ sudo apt-get install apt-file
$ sudo apt-file update
$ apt-file search "X11/extensions/Xinerama.h"
libxinerama-dev: /usr/include/X11/extensions/Xinerama.h

Once you've the package name, install via:

sudo apt-get install libxinerama-dev

This method is especially useful when there are more similar dependencies like that, so you don't have to guess.


How to copy specific files in a list from subfolders to a folder?

If the list contains complete paths, you can move them in a loop:

while read file ; do
   mv "$file" dir/
done < list.txt

If the list contains only file names, without paths, you can use globstar.

# enable double asterisk to recurse directories
shopt -s globstar

while read file ; do
   mv **/"$file" dir/
done < list.txt


Why does the file lens not search mounted samba shares?

This is a bug
Unity's files lens fails to mount bookmarked remote shares
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity-lens-files/+bug/760309

I would also recommend that you file your situation with launchpad.

The importance is low and no fix committed.


How do I install the experimental 3d Nvidia drivers?

For installing and running the latest experimental and thus possibly unstable video drivers you could add the xorg-edgers ppa to your sources and install from there.

Please find the time to read the release notes including notes on how to remove this ppa in case your video output becomes unstable


Use a Shell extension, it can be downloaded through Gnome's official site: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/425/project-hamster-extension/

(Thanks to @tm_lv for heads-up)

EDIT: Installing the extension locally using gnome-tweak-tool apparently crashes Shell. The extension must be installed using waf as described in README, however it's not that easy. You need a few packages to build the extension

sudo apt-get install gettext intltool

Now download the source using git or https://github.com/tbaugis/hamster-shell-extension/downloads

Once you clone/unpack the source, go into the created directory and execute

./waf configure --prefix=/usr
sudo ./waf install

This will install the extension into /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/hamster@gnome.org directory.

The extension will appear in gnome-tweak-tool in Extensions section once you restart Gnome Shell.

To uninstall the extension, execute this from the source directory:

sudo ./waf uninstall

Note that this extension doesn't play well with the older version of Hamster available in Ubuntu repository, more details are in this bug report. You better build the newest version of Hamster yourself, as described on Hamster's site. Remember to uninstall hamster-applet first and install dependencies for "Debian-based" system.


No sound after 14.10 -> 15.04 -> 15.10 upgrade

I'm answering my own question. I found out that the card profile is changing automatically to Digital each time I choose to use a different card (the one from the TV) and come back to the one of the computer.
So, it come back to

  Digital Stereo (HDMI) output

and I need to change it manually each time to

  Analog Stereo Output (unplugged)

It is a bit strange to me because the Analog Stereo is marked as "unplugged" but it is working and I'm getting the sound back.

Tried to change the default profile of the card but no success so far. I will open another question about it


Need help creating a persistent live usb, can any one help?

sudo echo "something" > etc never works, better try this
sudo sh -c "echo ....", the working command should be like this:

sudo sh -c "echo "/ union" > persistence.conf"


You probably compiled a driver from source. After kernel upgrade it stopped working this is normal. You will have to re-install it each time.

I packaged this driver from https://github.com/lwfinger/rtl8192du.git as dkms and pushed it to ppa.

I suggest uninstalling the driver you have first, so there are no conflicts. If you did not delete that rtl8192 folder, run

cd rtl8192du
sudo make uninstall

Now you can install same driver from ppa

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtl8192du-dkms

And you will not have to re-install it after kernel upgrades any more.


LCD 5 XPT2046 Touch screen and Raspberry Pi 3 B+

For me 5" touchscreen LCD for Raspberry pi 3 B+ works fine( touch and display). Just copy and past this command below to your config.txt on your boot file. No need to install its driver. Just reboot your raspberry pi (ubuntu mate) then it work fine.

--- added by elecrow-pitft-setup  ---
hdmi_force_hotplug=1
max_usb_current=1
hdmi_drive=1
hdmi_group=2
hdmi_mode=1
hdmi_mode=87
hdmi_cvt 800 480 60 6 0 0 0
dtoverlay=ads7846,cs=1,penirq=25,penirq_pull=2,speed=50000,keep_vref_on=0,swapxy=0,pmax=255,xohms=150,xmin=200,xmax=3900,ymin=200,ymax=3900
display_rotate=0
--- end elecrow-pitft-setup  ---


Accidentally partitioned drive from MBR to GUID

CALM DOWN, do not rush, do not blindly run any tools trying to fix things.
STOP using the disk. Make sure you don't write a single byte on it
If the data is really valuable, consider using professional help - there are organizations which commercially restore data on hard drives, they'll certainly do better than you
Get a hard drive bigger that the stuffed one, make a binary copy of the drive's data. Or better two. This may take a while. Ideally, all further operations should be on the "mirrors" of your drive, not on the live data.
Try using TestDisk as already has been advised. Here's an article illustrating how to recover a damaged MBR using TestDisk, the key part is to use "Analyze current partition structure..." option - however, I would suggest to operate on a data snapshot, not on a live drive.

Basically, if you read Wikipedia articles on MBR and GPT you'll see that the whole problem is caused by the GPT replacing 4 primary partition records in the MBR with a "fake" partition type EEh. Each primary partition record is 16 bytes, so the total damage is likely to be just 64 bytes, you could've just edited the data by hand in a hex editor if you knew exactly what the partitions were.


Is ubuntu compatible with new macbook pro no touch bar?

This is a work in progress: https://github.com/Dunedan/mbp-2016-linux

btw: first result in google if you search "linux macbook pro 2016"


I had the same problem. For me it was a graphics driver issue.

My solution:

Open Additional Drivers
Select "Using X.Org X server(open source, tested)" driver.
Then go to Ubuntu Software Center and install Steam (steam-launcher).
Then change Graphic driver back.

All done.


Ubuntu loads slow, and consumes too much memory

When you say "System Monitor" I presume you mean "Conky". Edit your conky configuration file with gedit ~/.conkyrc and insert the line:

no_buffers yes # Subtract cached and buffered ram from memory usage.

The comment after # is optional. Search on "no_buffers" and make sure the line doesn't appear again with "no_buffers no" just to be safe.

To see what was included in the total before (but is now taken out) you can report them individually with:

Cache RAM: ${cached} Buffers: ${buffers}

On my system which is also 8 GB, my conky shows memory used 4.25GB, Cached  RAM 2.94 GB and Buffers 207 MB. This explains where your "lost RAM" is.

Cached memory is areas of RAM the Kernel stores information from disk to speed up access. Basically most of RAM applications aren't the kernel will cache to speed up access.

As far as Chrome is concerned when it is running and you press Shift+Esc it will display all tabs and the amount of RAM used. Some websites, especially those with videos and streaming user comments can get out of control and consume a 500 MB of RAM after a couple of hours. By clicking the refresh button these tabs will regain the memory leaks.


How to get IEEE 802.11a Wireless Mode on Linux (including Ubuntu)?

Okay I am assuming you are using Ubuntu, with that in mind, here are some of the things others have tried that worked for that specific model (10ec:8812 rev 01):

Switching antennas used on the wireless card. For some reason, there is a case where this worked.
Using latest Ubuntu version (19.04 as of this post)
Updating the BIOS in the laptop/computer. Since you are also not mentioning this, I will recommend checking if a BIOS update is pending that could fix this. I know of several cases where, at the end, the issue was the lack of a BIOS update that targeted the network device.
Installing the latest GIT drivers for Realtek (Careful with this one since I can't test it myself). The way to install this would be the following after you have updated all packages:

sudo apt install linux-headers-5.0.0-15-generic  # Just in case they are needed
git clone http://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
cd rtlwifi_new
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rtl8821ae


how to install Devstack on Ubuntu 16.04 Server

Official guide.
http://docs.openstack.org/developer/devstack/
My guide.
apt-get update
cd /
git clone https://git.openstack.org/openstack-dev/devstack
optionally -b stable/juno || stable/liberty || stable/mitaka
cd devstack/
cp samples/local.conf local.conf
vi local.conf
ADMIN_PASSWORD=xxxxxx
MYSQL_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
RABBIT_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
SERVICE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
/devstack/tools/create-stack-user.sh
chown -R stack:stack /devstack
su stack
/devstack/stack.sh

Don't use root/sudo for ./stack or ./rejoin. It will break your installation


pip is throwing strange error when asked to list outdated packages?

I also see this error when using pip inside a virtualenv for Python 3.6. One way to fix this is to force-reinstall pip:

python3.6 -m pip install -U --force-reinstall pip


How to use SSL with Quassel? (Lubuntu 18.10 i386)

You're getting a little ahead of yourself there.

If you look at the SSL handshake, you'll find that the first steps are the client sending out info on its versions, followed by the server responding with its versions. Note this is before certificates are even involved.

The problem, ultimately, lies in the fact that you're trying to connect where the version number is wrong because there is no version number because there's no SSL support there at all. Freenode's connection instructions clearly state that 8001 is not the right port for SSL. In fact, they say it twice:

  You can connect to freenode by pointing your IRC client at chat.freenode.net on ports 6665-6667 and 8000-8002 for plain-text connections, or ports 6697, 7000 and 7070 for SSL-encrypted connections.

and

  freenode provides SSL client access on all servers, on ports 6697, 7000 and 7070.

Note especially that in the first of the two it says that 8000-8002 is for plain-text (read: non-encrypted, so non-SSL) connections.

So the solution is replacing 8001 with one of 6697, 7000, or 7070.


What does 35401 mean in SOCKS proxy:127.0.0.1:35401

What does the 32819 and 35401 mean?

Those are portnumbers.

  32819 and 35401 seem totally random here.

Maybe. Maybe not. The owner of the specific software you installed decided on those.

Here is a list of loads of portnumbers; all the unofficial numbers are actually free for all; as long as a user does not install software that uses the same port number it is fine. And when a port is already in use: most software (can) use more ports.


Use -y (standby) instead of -Y (sleep).

It is probably udisks checking the SMART status of the drive.  It first checks to see if the drive is in standby and if it is, will skip the SMART check, but just checking to see if the drive is in standby wakes it up from sleep.


Cant do software Updates on Ubuntu 16.04.3

Next time you face with similiar situation, the first thing to do is ran apt-get -f install as this is the very basic fix attempt offered by apt.

sudo apt-get -f install

sudo apt-get -f install:
The -f option stand for --fix-broken, means apt will attempt to --fixing unmet dependencies by satisfy them. Pretty self explanatory.


Problems with unzipping openfire_3_10_2.tar.gz

Open this site in your browser and download the Linux version again and don't use wget, the link on the page is a redirection. Use the download link in your browser.

The result of my test is

% file openfire_3_10_2.tar.gz
openfire_3_10_2.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, from FAT filesystem (MS-DOS, OS/2, NT)


Any script that can automatically crop really large image by checkered?

You could do it with MagickSlicer (https://github.com/VoidVolker/MagickSlicer). According to the documentation there are parameters

[ -w, --width <tile_width> ]
Set tile width.

Default: 256 pixels or same as height, if height is present.

Type: int

[ -h, --height <tile_height> ]
Set tile height

Default: 256 pixels or same as width, if width is present.

Type: int

The command would be

./magick-slicer.sh -w 2753 -h 4380 <your image>

I am not sure where magick-slicer outputs the sliced images, but it should be no problem finding them. You can see the directory structure to help you find sliced images. There are also other options documented like output dir.

Another solution would be to use crop option of ImageMagick https://imagemagick.org/Usage/crop/#crop. That would require 16 crops of the original, that could be done in two for loops. Something like that:

for x in 1 2 3 4 do
    for y in 1 2 3 4 do
        convert <input_image> -crop WxH+X+Y +repage <output_image>
    done
done

You would have to do some math to make W, H, X, Y, and output image name.


Error:[Brasero Disk Burner]: You do not have the required permissions to use this drive

Problem self solved

  I just noticed that I am able to put the image in the "Documents" folder.


How to open GTK apps at center of screen?

Type quickly design when you are in the application's directory. This should open up glade which gives you a GUI to design your application.

When you click on the top-level window, you will see the Window Properties. In this you will find an option for "Window position", assign "center" to this field.

This will open the main window of your application in center.


How do you get the regular software center from Ubuntu on Ubuntu Mate

Use command sudo apt-get install software-center to install the software center.

Also, there should be a GUI with a "software" button in a welcome screen at login (if not,  Applications -> System -> Ubuntu MATE Welcome), from which you can choose a software manager.


First, try the following command:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

If that doesn't work, try this:

sudo apt-get install <INSERT APPLICATION NAME HERE>

And finally, if that doesn't work:

sudo apt-get remove <INSERT APPLICATION NAME HERE> && sudo apt-get install <INSERT APPLICATION NAME HERE>


Note : This assumes that you are on Linux(Ubuntu) platform.

To create a USB stick from which you can install Ubuntu, you must first download Ubuntu of the flavor you want.

Then, follow these instructions:

Insert a USB stick with at least 2GB of free space.
Open the dash and search for Startup Disk Creator.
Select the Startup Disk Creator to launch the app.

Click Other to choose the downloaded ISO file if it isn’t found automatically, select the file and click Open.

Select the USB stick in the bottom box and click Make Startup Disk and then Yes.

That's it! When the process completes, you'll be ready to restart your computer and begin installing Ubuntu.


How do I set deault browser to NOT rekonq?

To solve this, open KDE System Settings or run systemsettings from
shell.
Now select Default Applications under Workspace Appreance and
Behaviour group.
In the left pane, select Web Browser, and in the Default Component
groupbox, change command of the browser to firefox from rekonq.

Another way to do it is remove mime-type from rekonq desktop launcher file if it is still there in the system. Just open the following file with nano/kate or whatever you like and add a # in front of line starting with MimeType.

sudo nano /usr/share/applications/kde4/rekonq.desktop

Put a # as follows

Icon=rekonq
Type=Application
Exec=rekonq %u
X-DocPath=rekonq/index.html
Categories=Qt;KDE;Network;WebBrowser;
Terminal=false
#MimeType=text/html;application/xhtml+xml;application/xml;
X-DBUS-StartupType=Unique
X-DBUS-ServiceName=org.kde.rekonq
InitialPreference=10


KVM: virt-install "Unsupported sound model 'ich6'"

What you see is what you get:

$ lsb_release -sd
Ubuntu 11.04

$ qemu -soundhw help
Unknown sound card name `help'
Valid sound card names (comma separated):
pcspk       PC speaker
sb16        Creative Sound Blaster 16
ac97        Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio
es1370      ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370
hda         Intel HD Audio

-soundhw all will enable all of the above

So try -soundhw hda


You can try to delete trusted keys from /etc/apt dir.

rm -rf /etc/apt/trusted*

After this, you must to update your packages list:

apt-get update

You will see some error with missing keys.
Now, you can re-import keys:

apt-key adv --keyserver http://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys KEY_ID

After this, do-release-upgrade will work correct.


How to find a place where a constant is defined in Bash

To find which file defines JAVA_HOME, run:

PS4='+ $BASH_SOURCE:$LINENO:' BASH_XTRACEFD=7 bash -xlic ""  7>trace.out

This generate debug output for a bash login shell and saves it to the file trace.out.  There will be many lines in that file.  The lines look like:

+ /etc/profile:7:PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games
+ /etc/profile:9:export PATH

This shows (a) the name of the file currently being executed, (b) the line number, and (c) debug output for that line in that file.  Just search through that for JAVA_HOME.  For example:

grep JAVA_HOME trace.out

How it works

PS4='+ $BASH_SOURCE:$LINENO:'

When creating an execution trace, bash will prepend every line with an expansion of PS4.  Here, we make PS4 display the source file and line number that is being read.
BASH_XTRACEFD=7

This sends the execution trace to 7 which is a file descriptor chosen in hopes that it is one that the bash start-up files will not mess with.
bash -xlic ""

This starts bash with the options -x, which causes all commands to be displayed with the PS4 prompt, -l which instructs bash to treat this like a login shell, -i which makes the shell interactive, and -c "" which makes the new shell exit once initialization is complete.
7>trace.out

This redirects the trace output to file.


If you are using 64-bit:

sudo mkdir /usr/local/tonido
cd /usr/local/tonido
sudo wget http://www.tonido.com/download.php?tonido64.tar.gz
sudo mv download.php\?tonido64.tar.gz tonido64.tar.gz
sudo tar -zxvf tonido64.tar.gz
./tonido.sh start

After running, open your internet browser and go to http://127.0.0.1:10001

If you are using 32-bit:

wget http://www.tonido.com/download.php?TonidoSetup_i686.deb
mv download.php\?TonidoSetup_i686.deb TonidoSetup_i686.deb
apt-get install fontconfig
dpkg -i TonidoSetup_i686.deb
#for GTK tray app, run:
/usr/local/tonido/tonidostart.sh
#for normal daemon app, run:
/usr/local/tonido/tonido.sh start

After running, open your internet browser and go to http://127.0.0.1:10001


How to install ack-grep 2.0 with apt-get?

You can't install yet ack-grep 2.10 using apt-get because ack-grep 2.10 is not yet included in Ubuntu repositories. To see what versions are available in repositories, you can use the following command:

apt-cache showpkg ack-grep

But you can install by downloading it from here:

http://packages.debian.org/sid/ack-grep

It's a deb file, so you can be interested also by:

How do I install a .deb file via the command line?


I changed chmod to /usr/share/applications/ how to undo

Change the permissions to 755:

sudo chmod 755 /usr/share/applications/

I've just tested in a live environment and it worked.


Use this one :-)

sudo wget -O /etc/init/shiny-server.conf  https://raw.github.com/rstudio/shiny-server/master/config/upstart/shiny-server.conf

You might have had a stray space after the \ or forgot to leave some room before it.
anyway, this line will work.


trouble in dpkg says no space left on device

Check your free disk space with df in a terminal or terminal emulator. If your disk Use% is full (above 90-95%) then you need to remove some packages or upgrade to a bigger hard drive.


File cracklib_dict.pwd not found when creating a new user or changing his password

Installing the package crack-lib solved it for me:

sudo apt-get install cracklib-runtime

I had it working fine too, but one day (after some update) it disappeared.


How can I import video from my JVC Everio HDD video camera to 11.10?

Open a terminal and cd into the directory that contains the mount point for the camcorder. In my case this was /media/EVERIO_HDD

The video files are nested a little deeper in SD_VIDEO/PRG001
(e.g. cd /media/EVERIO_HDD/SD_VIDEO/PRG001)

This folder contains two types of files ending in .mod and .moi. We only need the .mod files as these are the actual videos.
To copy them from the camcorder to your hard drive use something along the line of:

mkdir /home/my_vids/downloaded_INSERT DATE HERE

cp -p *.MOD /home/my_vids/downloaded_INSERT DATE HERE/

This can take a while as the files can be quite large. Note that the -p option tells the cp command to preserve the file timetamps, which will have been set by the camcorder when the recording was made.

If you prefer the files to have a suffix of .mpg instead of .MOD. Run the following rename command from within your downloaded folder to convert them.

cd /home/my_vids/downloaded_2009-03-01
rename 's/.MOD$/.mpg/' *.MOD

And that's about it. You will still need to delete them from the camcorder (best done from the camcorder menu). Also remember to keep backups...

Reference link here


"Show in folder" in google chrome is not working

Nautilus is having trouble showing the downloads folder.
Restart Nautilus as follows:

nautilus -q && nautilus &

And all should be well.


Windows 7 not showing up in boot after installing Ubuntu

Boot into Ubuntu, mount your Windows drive, open Terminal (Control+Alt+T), and run:

sudo update-grub

Then reboot.


Change default terminal to Konsole in Lubuntu 19.04

https://manual.lubuntu.me/3/3.2/3.2.17/alternative_configurator.html?highlight=alternatives

From menu select Preferences -> Alternatives.Configurator, then X-terminal-emulator allows you to select from the list of installed terminals.

I haven't tested it (and aren't running 19.04), so don't know if the effect is immediate, or you need to logout/login for it to work.

Though if it's only CTRL+ALT+T you want to change, I'd suggest :-

From Menu select Preferences -> LXQt settings -> Shortcut Keys

https://manual.lubuntu.me/F/keyboard_shortcuts.html?highlight=shortcut


Redirect two webcam to a virtual camera using ffmpeg

I think I've just found a solution:

ffmpeg -i /dev/video0 -i /dev/video1 -s 1280x720 -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p -threads 0 -filter_complex hstack -f v4l2 /dev/video2

It works. Now I can show two cameras in a video conference.

But camera #0 show a delay (almost 1s) related to the second camera. How could I solve this delay problem on the first camera, without adding a delay to the second camera.


Certain SMART details could have been triggered in the past, this would cause it to pass or fail, but still report everything is fine now. If this is a multi-disk system, pull it and run the manufacturers scripts.

If this is a single disk, continue to test, it is likely an intermittent failure that will appear in full soon enough


Remove persistent Home and Trash desktop icons on 20.04 / gnome-flashback

Can be removed with:

gsettings set org.gnome.gnome-flashback.desktop.icons show-home false
gsettings set org.gnome.gnome-flashback.desktop.icons show-trash false

Extensions are GNOME (gnome-shell) only things, won't work in GNOME Flashback (gnome-flashback).


How can I Install ubuntu on a pc preinstalled with Windows 8 on Samsung Np370R5E-S04IN

In windows, partition your drive out to where you have a partition to host your ubuntu. Then turn off fast boot inside the windows settings. Restart into your live cd and install in the extra space that you created in windows. If you turned off fast boot, you should have access to your windows files from ubuntu as well.

I hope that helps.


how to extract arbitrary amount of bytes from the beginning of a big file?

Use dd:
dd if=big_file of=smaller_file bs=1k count=1


Can't Access GRUB2 after installing Ubuntu 12.10

Fixed Using Boot-Repair tool
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair
With Recommended Repair


Try to specify the entire path to the binaries that you're using. I guess they aren't found since the $HOME variable or $PATH should be different to the root and user.

If what I said is the problem, the source of it must be the location of letsencrypt binary, probably not found by root


In Settings --> View, uncheck "Side Panel"

...Or use the F9 key.


Installing AMD fglrx 15-201-2401 on ubuntu 14.04.4 lts 64-bit on HP Z420 with FirePro W9100 GPU

You do not need to install a driver this way.

Run in terminal

sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates

And exactly this driver will be installed.


How to make my 19" monitor default display output when I connect it to my netbook?

Click the Ubuntu button and type and choose Monitors. There after connecting the monitor, you should be able to choose which monitor you want as your default device. You should also be able to turn off the display to a particular monitor from there.

This is just to show you how the monitor preferences window looks like.


12.04 glxinfo gives BadRequest error (Intel Ivy Bridge integrated graphics)

I managed to fix my issue. First, after poking around I decided to update my kernel to the mainline 3.7.0 kernel in case the issue was due to hardware incompatibility. It still didn't work out so I kept looking and found that people were having graphics driver issues when they had proprietary ati drivers installed. This hadn't occurred to me, because I didn't think these would be on my system at all (would the drivers have been migrated over when I transferred my home folder from my laptop?) but sure enough I found the fglrx driver installed.

Once I purged and rebooted, I'm greeted with launcher icons stacking on top of each other and the ability to finally load up Steam!

So the fglrx drivers were definitely giving me trouble, but I can't confirm if the integrated graphics weren't supported in 3.2.0-35-generic.


Open /etc/rc.local in a text editor, e.g.

gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local

Just above the exit 0 line, add a line

rfkill block all

Save the file and close the editor.
Reboot and notice Bluetooth and WiFi are switched off (as well as other radios - see below).

For other readers who want to script radios individually, it's possible to replace all with wifi (same as wlan), bluetooth, uwb (same as ultrawideband), wimax, wwan, gps and fm.

Addendum - as OP edited his answer.

The contents of this in /etc/rc.local (complete) works for disabling Bluetooth every boot:

#!/bin/sh -e
rfkill block bluetooth
exit 0


Most likely the problem is that gedit config files are owned by root.
This happens when you run sudo gedit in a terminal, that is wrong.

You can fix it by running

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /home/$USER/.config/gedit

That will set correct ownership for these files.

Next time if you really need to run gedit with sudo (not recommended), do it this way:

sudo -H gedit


Yes your i5 can surely handle ubuntu 15.10 and 16.04. I have an i3-4030u running ubuntu 15.10 and its blazing fast. And also you will be able to upgrade from 15.10 to 16.04 when it comes available to public.


What is the the command to add an application in startup applications preferences?

Your question wasn't very clear. Here's what I think you need. Open up the startup applications app. Go to the right pane and click add. Enter the name of the app as slack. The command as slack and click add. It will now start-up whenever you log in.


How to make a publicly shared file server

Use SCP.

For this, all you need to setup is sshd - the SSH server.

Install the openssh-server package.
[Optional, but recommended]: Change the SSH port:

Copy /etc/ssh/sshd_config to /etc/ssh/sshd_config_backup
Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config and change the number in the line Port 22 to some other one. This is because most SSH attacks target servers on Port 22. Change it to a higher number.

[Optional; use to access from machines outside your LAN] Setup static IP, port forwarding (found in your router settings) and dynamic DNS.
Using the WinSCP client for Windows, you can now connect to your server and access files from anywhere. You also get Terminal access to your server (use PuTTY).

P.S. Anyone connecting will need to know your username and its password.


Copy row and column of LibreOffice calc with heading?

As far as i know, there's no such feature in LibreOffice Calc. But you can do essentially the same using a simple screenshot. The easiest way is to capture the whole screen and to use a tool like GIMP for cropping the resulting image to the desired range. Fore more details how to create a screenshot, see the following Q/A's:

What screenshot tools are available?
How do I take a screenshot?


Are your video-drivers up-to-date?

Open an Terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) and chek if you can update them with the package xserver-xorg-video-all.

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic xserver-xorg-video-all libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core

This must resolve the problem.


TLP will power off devices during suspend to save battery life. This answer: Need to reconnect ethernet cable to get it work after docking laptop into dock station. will reload the R8169 drivers for you realtek network card and might be a sufficient approach.

Another approach is to leave power to the network card during suspend. To do this use sudo -H gedit /etc/default/tlp and insert these lines:

USB_BLACKLIST="10ec:8168"
USB_BLACKLIST="103c:832b"

Save the file and reboot.


Audacity is BAD for that - since it re-encodes mp3 and the quality gets downgraded. I use ffmpeg for cutting mp3 - I believe it doesn't do re-encoding:
# start time to end time:
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -vn -acodec copy -ss 00:00:00 -to 00:01:32 output.mp3

# start time + duration time:
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -vn -acodec copy -ss 00:00:00 -t 00:01:32 output.mp3

# start of record till end time:
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -vn -acodec copy -to 00:01:32 output.mp3

# start time till end of record:
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -vn -acodec copy -ss 00:01:32 output.mp3

one can also include milliseconds with e.g. 00:00:00.000.


I was able to ask Stephen Webb who currently leads the Unity Technical Team about touch input. I contacted him because he used to be the lead developer on the uTouch-geis package which was split into three different packages Frame, Geis, and Grail.  These are the primary touch screen controls for 13.04 and he is also heavily involved in other multi-touch projects. I asked him about learning more about touch device input and my idea.  Here is what he had to say:

I want to have Grub2 register a single tap event, no more (multi touch not needed-I think).  Purpose would be to select from the boot menu.

  You're going to have a challenge getting touch to work from boot
  loader code.

  Many (but not all) touch input devices have device drivers that work
  to the Microsoft HID protocol.  You'd need to replicate that driver
  technology into GRUB2, and then figure out how to map that into
  something GRUB2 would understand as input.  Sounds like work.

Is there any resources you can lead me to that would help me understand how touch devices work?

  That's complicated.  There's a lot of different technologies,
  connected to the host in different ways, talking different protocols,
  delivering different data.

  There's some good documentation here.

Are there any single tap libraries you can suggest or multi touch one? Do you have any other suggestions on how to move forward?

  Well, in the Linux stack there's the firmware in the touch processor,
  which feeds data to the device driver in the kernel, which translates
  into the evdev protocol, which is read by the x.org driver and
  converted into the XI2 protocol, or if there's nothing looking for XI2
  touch events, then converts that into an XI mouse event, and an X11
  event gets sent to the client.  All you have at the boot loader level
  is direct input from the touch processor.


This is your EFI or UEFI partition.

It is used by systems that understands UEFI.

It contains the boot loader for Ubuntu and Windows 8 in your case.  Otherwise, it contains boot loaders for OS's installed on a machine.  I have the same partition, see image below.


Try this:

sudo apt-get remove cinnamon
sudo apt-get autoremove

Then:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cinnamon

The commands above  will remove your current installed version of cinnamon and then reinstall it.


Install Adwaita shell theme in Ubuntu 18.10

Create a folder "myShellTheme" or any name as you wish in /usr/share/themes/
Create subfolder in "myShellTheme" named "gnome-shell"

Copy the required theme file

sudo cp /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gnome-shell.css /usr/share/themes/myShellTheme/gnome-shell/

Close all the files, Open Gnome-Tweaks and Select "myShellTheme" under User Themes


Getting GeForce GTX960 to work with Ubuntu

So I finally got it working, in one more iteration of trying different things. (Yes there were many attempts...)

This is what I did:

Connect a monitor to the DVI-port.
Fresh install of Ubuntu 15.10
Set boot option "nomodeset" using the program boot-repair.
Set blacklist.conf according to here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2263316 This included fixing the typo "nouveua".

blacklist vga16fb
blacklist nouveau
blacklist rivafb
blacklist nvidiafb
blacklist rivatv
blacklist lbm-nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0
alias nouveau off
alias lbm-nouveau off

Switch to non-graphical terminal: ctrl+alt+F1
Kill GUI: sudo service lightdm stop
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352
nvidia-xconfig
Start GUI again: sudo service lightdm start

And then it worked!

I think having the monitor connected to the DVI-port while installing the driver is important. My previous attempts used the DP-port while installing the driver. Switching to DVI after driver install did not help.
I connected two additional monitors to DP-ports, and my desktop was extended flawlessly. So it's not that DP doesn't work, but it may be a requirement of at least one DVI monitor to get it set up correctly.

Note that I myself do not have a full understanding of what I did with blacklist.conf and the boot option "nomodeset". Neither do I know if it was crucial to do the install in a ctrl+alt+F1 with a killed GUI.
One or many of these things may have been unnecessary. Perhaps others will enlighten us.


Laptop Keyboard Issue with Few Keys [Caps, A, Q, Z, 1 and Esc]

The problem can possibly be due to selecting a wrong keymap ( e.g. Selecting Dvorak Style for a qwerty keyboard). Change the keymap for the keyboard in order to correct the error.


How do I get a 'sound scheme' in Ubuntu (or Debian)

GNOME-Look has a few system sound schemes that you can download and add to your system. Generally, these sounds are placed under /usr/share/sounds/, but you will need to use gsettings or dconf-editor to fully apply the theme.

If you do not have dconf-editor, you should download it via sudo apt install dconf-editor.

You will need to get to the following area in dconf-editor: org > gnome > desktop > sound (also known as org.gnome.desktop.sound). From here, you can change the theme name (you will need to look into the theme file or folder name to see what the name of the scheme is) and enable additional sounds.


Microsoft Photo Viewer/Printer (photo print size selection) equivalent for Ubuntu

in the Ubuntu repositories you will find a program called Photoprint


"gomaasapi: got error back from server: 403 FORBIDDEN" error while bootstrapping

OP Posted:

  I am using plain PCs to test the setup. Therefore I am forced to use WOL instead of e.g. IPMI/iDRAC etc. It seems that when you configure the node as using WOL, you have (!!) to enter the MAC address explicitly.

Doc reference:

http://maas.ubuntu.com/docs/nodes.html#manually-add-nodes


While bash and xdotool will definitely handle a simple case like this, this is exactly the sort of thing AutoKey was designed to do.

In AutoKey, you can define a simple script written in Python using the AutoKey API to do this. This can be assigned to a hotkey and will run whenever that hotkey is pressed. It would look something like this (untested.)

field = clipboard.get_selection()
field = field.lower()
clipboard.fill_selection(field)
keyboard.send_keys("<ctrl>+v")

which gets the selected text into a variable, converts it to lower case, puts it back in the clipboard, and then pastes it back into the current selection where it originally came from. (If your application window is a terminal, then you'd have to use Ctrl+Shift+v instead.)

Doing it this way has several advantages: It's arguably easier to do than modifying your keyboard. You can easily change the hotkey in the AutoKey GUI. You can define a window filter so the hotkey only works in the windows of your choice. You can turn this functionality on and off at will. And, since you have the entire power of Python at your disposal, you do almost anything else you can think of.

If you had just wanted to substitute one phrase for another, an AutoKey phrase would have done that without writing a single line of code, but since you needed to manipulate the text, a script was required.

Note: Debian and derivative distributions (Ubuntu ...) currently provide a very old version of AutoKey. This is fixed in Debian testing and will be fixed in Ubuntu 20.04. For now, you can easily install the package with these instructions.

For assistance, visit our support forum.


Problems after upgrading from Lubuntu 16.04 LTS to 18.04 LTS

From the comments...

Bottom line, it was a theme problem. All accounts, except for Admin, used the same bad theme. Admin worked fine. All other accounts failed. Reset theme in all non-admin accounts, and it all works again.


two-finger gestures works only for wacom touchscreens as it is supported by driver...
for any other touchscreens with evdev driver there is no any 2-finger gestures in Gnome too :(


Try to change the encryption method.
Had the same problem. Try different encryption methods for your router and see if it helps in any way.


I had the same experience. I search through my file system. I found it at:
/usr/local/share/application/Gog Tux.txt
I double clicked on Gog Tux and it opened right up.


How can I put a cluster lines in numeric order?

Using python:

#!/usr/bin/env python2
import re, sys
list_of_lines = []
with open(sys.argv[1]) as f:
    for line in f.read().split('-foo'):
        if line:
            list_of_lines.append(line)
    for line in sorted(list_of_lines, key=lambda i: int(re.search(r'(?<=-bar )\d+', i).group())):
        print '-foo' + line.rstrip()

Output :

-foo -bar 1 \
          -randomtext=00 "00" \
-foo -bar 42 \
     randomtext=00 "00" \
          -randomtext=00 "00" \
-foo -bar 104 \
     randomtext=00 "00" \

How to run :

Save the file as e.g. script.py, make it executable and then pass the file you want the script to opertate on as the first argument:

/path/to/script.py /path/to/file.txt

If the script and file are on the same directory, then from that directory:

./script.py file.txt

You can run it without making executable by passing the script as an argument to python executable:

python2 script.py file.txt


Ubuntu18.04 desktop amd64 does not recognise Acer Inspire S3 touchpad button

It is not driver issue but default touchpad settings.
Go to Mouse and Touchpad in Settings. Increase touchpad speed and disable Natural scrolling.

You need to install gnome-tweaks.

sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

You can change default behavior.  You need to change settings from Keyboard & mouse >> Mouse Click Emulations >> Area


Should i upgrade to 16.04 from 15.10.. Probably problem with amd graphics

It's not that AMD isn't supported in 16.04, it's just that there are no proprietary drivers for AMD in 16.04. This basically means almost all games are out of the question, but most other things, including videos, should be fine.

If 15.10 is working for you, you have a difficult decision.

15.10 has reached its end-of-life date today, meaning we at Ask Ubuntu will no longer support you if you have any problems. You will also not get any security updates, as the default repositories for EOL releases are frozen.

16.04 is supported, and will be supported until 2021, as it is an LTS (long-term support) release. These happen every two years (12.04 in 2012, 14.04 in 2014, 16.04 in 2016, 18.04 in 2018, etc) and are supported for 5 years after release. However, 16.04 loses any performance you may need from your AMD graphics.

You can either stay with 15.10, with everything working how you want, without any updates or support from us, or you can upgrade to 16.04, which is supported and will receive updates until 2021, risking the performance loss.

If you do stay in 15.10, you can always visit [unix.se] for help, but chances are they will suggest you upgrade to 16.04 to solve any problems.

I can't tell you which to choose, but I can recommend that you take the performance loss and upgrade to 16.04 for the support. And who knows? Maybe a great AMD driver will be released soon.


i found solution, the problem was the refresh rate of 60 Hz which my gpu apparently doesn't support - set it to 30:

xrandr --output DP-1-1 --mode 3840x2160 --rate 30

DP-1-1 varies - run xrandr to se the name of the monitor


I am going to assume you are trying to get the pid of your script and use it as variable later on? If so, here are some tips:

You don't need the builtin command as currentid is not a builtin as far as I know. You can see what builtin does like so:

$ help builtin
builtin: builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]
Execute shell builtins.

Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command
lookup.  This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin
as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the function.

Exit Status:
Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is
not a shell builtin..

You can find a list of all the builtins with compgen -b.
I am going to take a leap of faith here and guess that with currentid you are trying to get the pid or Process Id of the script. Please correct me if currentid refers to something else.

To get the current pid of your script, you can use $$ or $BASHPID. You can learn more about the differences in the Bash Reference Manual. I am not sure why you are hard-coding a return of 608, but if you want to change the pid of your script to that, please clarify your question.

With that in mind, your script would look like this:

#!/bin/bash
printf "%s" "$$"

Which prints your current pid safely. But do keep in mind that you can call $$ or $BASHPID in your script later on for whatever you want.

Some more general tips:

Here is a great answer from our sister site about why to use prinf over echo
The Bash Reference Guide is amazing for laying out every option available.
Greg's Bash Wiki has some great example of real-world code and best practice.

Good Luck!


Ubuntu will NOT load, any method that I try

Option 1

Re-download the .ISO from Ubuntu download site, and burn a CD (under your Windows OS).  Make sure to verify the checksum, as @Ketan suggests, before burning.

Then proceed with install.

Option 2

Ask a friend.  Get them to create a USB install, from their existing Ubuntu machine.

Both of these methods generally will work, even when nothing else will.  Good luck ..


Does the LTS hardware-enablement stack (HWE) contain all regular kernel updates?

HWE Kernels are not actually backporting features onto an older kernel.

Instead, HWE Kernels push LTS users onto newer kernels that are already in-use by a 6-month release of Ubuntu.

For example:

Ubuntu 18.04 without HWE: Kernel 4.15.0
Ubuntu 19.10: Kernel 5.3.0
Ubuntu 18.04.4 with HWE: Kernel 5.3.0 (same as Ubuntu 19.10)
Ubuntu 20.04: Kernel 5.4.0
Ubuntu 18.04.5 with HWE (available July 2020): Kernel 5.4.0 (same as Ubuntu 20.04)

Only the most recent LTS Release gets HWE:

Ubuntu 18.04.5 (July 2020) will be the final HWE upgrade for 18.04. 18.04.5 will remain on 5.4.0 for the remainder of it's life. There won't be an 18.04.6.
20.04 LTS (Kernel 5.4.0) will begin the HWE cycle with 20.04.2 in January 2021, using the 20.10 kernel. The final HWE release will be 20.04.5 in July 2022.
Since each LTS is on a two-year cycle, it's easy to keep track of which LTS is getting HWE, and when it will be retired in favor of the next LTS.

HWE upgrade occurs in January/July, approximately three months after the Interim Releases in April/October. You can easily identify the new HWE kernel by simply looking at the most recent Interim Release kernel.


snappy packages and loopback devices and managing mounts

Good question and as most of the time, for those "good questions" there is a yes and no answer.

Yes it will make it harder to sift through a simple mount output, yet a simple mount | grep -v "/snap/*" will reduce this by far - probably more clever expressions will do even more.

As you can see in the picture below, gnome-disk-utility puts the loop-devices (in the picture "Schleifengerät") at the end of the list of "devices", so yes it will get crowded, but on the lower end of the list, so it should not hamper you too much.

Yet I believe kinks like these can be easily ironed out, and most likely will.


GRUB IS GONE - WINDOWS 10 / UBUNTU DUAL OS

After disabling Fast Boot, disabling Secure Boot and doing a bcdedit inside Windows (as shown here: https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/), GRUB was still not functional. However after reinstalling the bootloader inside Ubuntu, using grub-customizer as @PRATAP suggested, it all works fine! So GRUB is back and I can choose between Ubuntu and Windows 10.


You need to create a (text) file with the given path (/etc/xinetd.d/tftp).

To do so:

Press Alt + F2 to open the Run Application dialog
Type gksu gedit /etc/xinetd.d/tftp and click on Run
Now type your password and the text editor gedit should start, with the new (empty) file already opened
Finally, copy and paste the lines from the guide to the new file and save it


Use common VirtualBox setup between users

Interesting question - I just got an idea.

user A creates a VM, with the virtual HDD in a directory where both users have full access permissions
shut the machine down
user B creates a VM with identical properties, but doesn't create a new virtual HDD. Instead use the one created by user A.
shut the machine down

Warning: you will always have to shut down the VM, don't let VirtualBox "save the state"


How Do I Remove Ubuntu and Install Windows 7?

Format the hard drive NTFS.
Install Win 7.


Dual booting is simple. Just perform the steps as given below:

Extract the WinRAR archive to obtain your .iso file
Download Universal USB Installer software via Google and use it to create a bootable USB
Once you have a bootable USB handy, click on Windows icon and search for disk management. Select the option Create and format hard disk partitions
To install Ubuntu, take help of dual boot Ubuntu and Windows and ensure you perform the steps as given in that link
Once you have installed Ubuntu (as per the steps given in the link), simply reboot your system and choose which OS you would like to boot into
In case you are not presented with the option to choose OS on boot, then you need to setup your GRUB menu. To do so, proceed with the next set of steps:

Steps to install GRUB

Again boot into Windows OS
Combine Windows + r together and type cmd to open command prompt
Type bcdedit /set "{bootmgr}" path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi and hit Enter key
Reboot your system and then on every boot you will be presented with a proper GRUB menu to choose OS.

P.S - You do not need to have admin rights on command prompt before you perform the above action.


Can I change the Unity Launcher transparency?

From the terminal, you can use:

gsettings get org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ launcher-opacity

to get the current value for launcher opacity and

gsettings set org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ launcher-opacity X

to set the launcher opacity to X. X must be between 0 and 1.

P:S This way is preferred over any other method that used dconf directly.

See also:

How can I adjust the transparency of the Status Bar (top panel)?


No sound from bluetooth headset, but it's detected

For some more settings I would advice to install pavucontrol. It saved me some troubles diagnosing sound issues. It also will list any possible output where Ubuntu sound sometimes forgets to show outputs that should be available (though it keeps getting better: HDMI used to not show up; 1 update after 12.10 release it started showing up.

You too will be able to find your headset and control it from here.

If I recall correctly after I used pavucontrol to activate my hdmi ubuntu control picked it up too (but that might have been caused by an update too). Otherwise do not use Ubuntu sound settings but switch to this program since it also has far more options.

Command line install

sudo apt-get install pavucontrol


Click the Network Manager icon in the panel, select 'Edit Connections', in the next window, select the wireless tab, and click 'Add'...

then give the new connection a name, and fill in the SSID:

click the Wireless Security tab, change the settings according to the image below, and add the username and password

Hope it works.


Installing backuppc on Ubuntu 20.04 and ran into a problem downloading and compiling?

Your ./makeDist command is failing due to a --releasedate date formatting problem.
You have:
./makeDist --nosyntaxCheck --releasedate "date -u "+%d %b %Y"" --version $VER

So use this:
./makeDist --nosyntaxCheck --releasedate $(date -u '+%d %b %Y') --version $VER

Or this:
./makeDist --nosyntaxCheck --releasedate '30 Jun 2020' --version $VER


'sudo'- Segmentation fault (core dumped)

When you get a segmentation fault for all commands, the issue is generally one of two things:

Bad memory⇢ Reboot and use memtester or memtest86 to test your memory. You can find this in your Grub menu after booting.
A bad library that is used across multiple programs.⇢ If you have recently upgraded, there is a possibility that the upgrade was interrupted before completing or some package is interfering with an important library.

Hope this points you in the right direction


How do I get firmware for Broadcom 4306?

Plug in an ethernet cable, then use the Additional Drivers program.

How do I install additional drivers?

You can get to the 'Additional Drivers' application by clicking on the 'Gear' at the top right. Then selecting 'System Settings'. In the window that pops up, select 'Additional Drivers' under the Hardware heading.

You can also get there by opening a terminal and entering sudo jockey-gtk

I'm pretty sure the Broadcom STA driver will be the one you're looking for.


Apart from ssh -v, Try  ssh -vv, ssh -vvv to increase verbosity of error messages to figure out what is happening.

If all cases fails,

Try from other servers to login as 'ssh username@host' and try other usernames as 'ssh username1@host'

if you can login  to console, try 'ssh 0' from same system so that you can check if ssh subsystem works fine.

If ssh 0 works, ssh subsystem is fine. If not, Try  to restart ssh subsystem

sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart


nVidia FX5200 Can't set resolution upper than 800x600

Your FX5200 is 9 years old now - see here. It's not supported by the Nvidia current driver anymore. You need the 173.x branch of the driver. (read here). Install it using the nvidia-173-updates package instead of current.


Searching through ODT documents without opening them?

An alternative is Recoll . Once it has indexed your files, it finds the matching files quite fastly. Also searches inside ODSs, ODPs and PDFs. Works pretty well.


How to "properly" downgrade LibreOffice versions

In case you want to install the older version and replace the current installation:

sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice-core libreoffice-common
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge

Then find the version you want - here, download the archive containing the multiple deb files and install them following the instructions contained in the help/readme.
(Source: here and here.)

In case you want to test or use different versions at the same time, even without removing the main/current installation, you may follow this answer.


It works. Once you enabled the above mentioned setting, open the HTML mail by double clicking it. Then you can see small buttons on the right side of the mail window when you move the mouse pointer over that, it shows "text/html". Click it and then you can view HTML enabled mails.


Google generally limits pings and other non-resolution traffic to 8.8.8.8 as it’s a DNS service rather than an Internet connection test. As you’re able to use cURL and other things, your DNS is clearly working as is the connection to the outside world. Are you able to ping 151.101.1.69 (AskUbuntu)?
As for the SSH problem, have you confirmed the port is not being blocked by the router or some other network device?


Ubuntu Server 18.04 and 20.04 fail on 2010 PC

Just used my trusty laptop and a USB HD dock to install it that way... Thanks for all your help...


Turn off secure boot in your BIOS and you should be OK. Secure boot won't let unsigned drivers load, and that's the "required key" error that you're getting.