You don't need to do that. In LDXE, use Synaptic and ensure that lubuntu-desktop is installed fully. Then, uninstall ubuntu-desktop and ubuntu-netbook. You now have(effectively) a Lubuntu system.

Edit: I saw your comment, and I need to see that you need to remove gnome and all of its dependencies(Automatically done when you remove the package)

Edit 3 due to Elijah Kagan's comment:

You may want to run :

sudo apt-get remove acpi-support acpid activity-log-manager-common activity-log-manager-control-center adium-theme-ubuntu aisleriot apg app-install-data-partner appmenu-gtk appmenu-gtk3 appmenu-qt apt-xapian-index apturl apturl-common at-spi2-core avahi-autoipd avahi-daemon bamfdaemon baobab binutils bluez-alsa bluez-cups bluez-gstreamer branding-ubuntu brasero brasero-cdrkit brasero-common brltty checkbox checkbox-qt cmap-adobe-japan2 colord compiz compiz-core compiz-gnome compiz-plugins-default compiz-plugins-main-default compizconfig-backend-gconf cups-bsd dc deja-dup doc-base duplicity dvd+rw-tools empathy empathy-common eog espeak espeak-data evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common example-content firefox firefox-globalmenu firefox-gnome-support folks-common fonts-kacst fonts-kacst-one fonts-khmeros-core fonts-lao fonts-opensymbol fonts-takao-pgothic fonts-thai-tlwg fonts-tlwg-garuda fonts-tlwg-kinnari fonts-tlwg-loma fonts-tlwg-mono fonts-tlwg-norasi fonts-tlwg-purisa fonts-tlwg-sawasdee fonts-tlwg-typewriter fonts-tlwg-typist fonts-tlwg-typo fonts-tlwg-umpush fonts-tlwg-waree foomatic-db-engine gcalctool gcc gcc-4.6 gedit gedit-common geoclue geoclue-ubuntu-geoip ginn gir1.2-atspi-2.0 gir1.2-dbusmenu-glib-0.4 gir1.2-dee-1.0 gir1.2-gmenu-3.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0 gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-0.10 gir1.2-gstreamer-0.10 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 gir1.2-gudev-1.0 gir1.2-indicate-0.7 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0 gir1.2-launchpad-integration-3.0 gir1.2-peas-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-soup-2.4 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gir1.2-totem-plparser-1.0 gir1.2-ubuntuoneui-3.0 gir1.2-unity-5.0 gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gir1.2-wnck-3.0 gnome-accessibility-themes gnome-bluetooth gnome-control-center gnome-control-center-data gnome-desktop3-data gnome-font-viewer gnome-games-data gnome-icon-theme-symbolic gnome-media gnome-menus gnome-nettool gnome-online-accounts gnome-orca gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver gnome-screenshot gnome-session gnome-session-bin gnome-session-canberra gnome-session-common gnome-settings-daemon gnome-sudoku gnome-system-log gnome-system-monitor gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-user-guide gnome-user-share gnomine growisofs gstreamer0.10-alsa gstreamer0.10-gconf gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-x guile-1.8-libs gvfs-bin gwibber gwibber-service gwibber-service-facebook gwibber-service-identica gwibber-service-twitter hplip hplip-data hwdata ibus-gtk3 ibus-pinyin ibus-pinyin-db-android ibus-pinyin-db-open-phrase ibus-table indicator-application indicator-appmenu indicator-datetime indicator-messages indicator-power indicator-printers indicator-session indicator-sound indicator-status-provider-mc5 intel-gpu-tools kerneloops-daemon landscape-client-ui-install laptop-detect launchpad-integration libart-2.0-2 libasound2-plugins libatk-adaptor libatk-adaptor-schemas libatkmm-1.6-1 libatspi2.0-0 libavahi-core7 libavahi-gobject0 libbamf0 libbamf3-0 libboost-serialization1.46.1 libbrasero-media3-1 libbrlapi0.5 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcairo-perl libcairomm-1.0-1 libcamel-1.2-29 libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-pulse libcmis-0.2-0 libcolord1 libcompizconfig0 libcrypt-passwdmd5-perl libcupsdriver1 libcurl3 libcurl3-nss libdaemon0 libdbusmenu-gtk4 libdbusmenu-qt2 libdconf-dbus-1-0 libdconf-qt0 libdecoration0 libdee-1.0-4 libdmapsharing-3.0-2 libdotconf1.0 libebackend-1.2-1 libebook-1.2-12 libecal-1.2-10 libedata-book-1.2-11 libedata-cal-1.2-13 libedataserver-1.2-15 libedataserverui-3.0-1 libespeak1 libexempi3 libexiv2-11 libexttextcat-data libexttextcat0 libfile-copy-recursive-perl libfolks-eds25 libfolks-telepathy25 libfolks25 libfreerdp-plugins-standard libfreerdp1 libgail-common libgdata-common libgdata13 libgee2 libgexiv2-1 libglew1.6 libglewmx1.6 libglib-perl libglibmm-2.4-1c2a libgmime-2.6-0 libgnome-control-center1 libgnome-desktop-3-2 libgnome-media-profiles-3.0-0 libgnome-menu-3-0 libgnome-menu2 libgnome2-common libgnomekbd-common libgnomekbd7 libgoa-1.0-0 libgoa-1.0-common libgomp1 libgtk2-perl libgtkmm-3.0-1 libgtksourceview-3.0-0 libgtksourceview-3.0-common libgtkspell-3-0 libgweather-3-0 libgweather-common libgwibber-gtk2 libgwibber2 libhpmud0 libhyphen0 libidl-common libidl0 libido3-0.1-0 libindicate-gtk3 libindicate5 libindicator-messages-status-provider1 libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjson-glib-1.0-0 liblcms1 liblouis-data liblouis2 liblua5.1-0 libmetacity-private0 libmission-control-plugins0 libmng1 libmysqlclient18 libmythes-1.2-0 libnotify-bin libnss-mdns libnux-2.0-0 libnux-2.0-common liboauth0 libopencc1 liborbit2 liboverlay-scrollbar-0.2-0 liboverlay-scrollbar3-0.2-0 libpackagekit-glib2-14 libpam-gnome-keyring libpango-perl libpangomm-1.4-1 libpeas-1.0-0 libpeas-common libprotobuf7 libprotoc7 libproxy1-plugin-gsettings libproxy1-plugin-networkmanager libpulsedsp libqt4-dbus libqt4-declarative libqt4-network libqt4-opengl libqt4-script libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-sql-sqlite libqt4-svg libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtbamf1 libqtcore4 libqtdee2 libqtgconf1 libqtgui4 libquadmath0 libquvi-scripts libquvi7 libraw5 libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-emailmerge libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk libreoffice-help-en-us libreoffice-impress libreoffice-math libreoffice-style-human libreoffice-style-tango libreoffice-writer librest-0.7-0 librhythmbox-core5 librsync1 libsane-hpaio libsensors4 libsigc++-2.0-0c2a libsnmp-base libsnmp15 libsonic0 libspeechd2 libspeexdsp1 libssh-4 libstlport4.6ldbl libsyncdaemon-1.0-1 libtelepathy-farstream2 libtelepathy-logger2 libtimezonemap1 libtotem-plparser17 libtotem0 libubuntuoneui-3.0-1 libunity-2d-private0 libunity-core-5.0-5 libunity-misc4 libunity9 libutempter0 libuuid-perl libvncserver0 libwacom-common libwacom2 libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libwmf0.2-7-gtk libwnck-3-0 libwnck-3-common libyaml-tiny-perl libyelp0 libzeitgeist-1.0-1 light-themes linux-headers-3.2.0-24 linux-headers-3.2.0-24-generic-pae linux-headers-generic-pae linux-libc-dev mahjongg make manpages-dev media-player-info metacity metacity-common mousetweaks mscompress mtools mysql-common nautilus nautilus-sendto nautilus-sendto-empathy nautilus-share network-manager-pptp network-manager-pptp-gnome notify-osd notify-osd-icons nux-tools obexd-client onboard oneconf overlay-scrollbar pcmciautils pinyin-database pkg-config plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo policykit-desktop-privileges pptp-linux printer-driver-c2esp printer-driver-foo2zjs printer-driver-hpcups printer-driver-min12xxw printer-driver-ptouch printer-driver-pxljr printer-driver-sag-gdi printer-driver-splix protobuf-compiler pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-module-gconf pulseaudio-module-x11 pulseaudio-utils python-aptdaemon.pkcompat python-brlapi python-configglue python-dateutil python-debtagshw python-dirspec python-egenix-mxdatetime python-egenix-mxtools python-gconf python-gi-cairo python-gst0.10 python-imaging python-libproxy python-louis python-mako python-markupsafe python-openssl python-packagekit python-pam python-pexpect python-piston-mini-client python-protobuf python-pyatspi2 python-pyinotify python-renderpm python-reportlab python-reportlab-accel python-serial python-speechd python-twisted-bin python-twisted-core python-twisted-names python-twisted-web python-ubuntu-sso-client python-ubuntuone-client python-ubuntuone-control-panel python-ubuntuone-storageprotocol python-uno python-virtkey python-xapian python-zeitgeist qdbus qt-at-spi radeontool remmina remmina-common remmina-plugin-rdp remmina-plugin-vnc rhythmbox rhythmbox-data rhythmbox-mozilla rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder rhythmbox-plugin-magnatune rhythmbox-plugin-zeitgeist rhythmbox-plugins rhythmbox-ubuntuone rtkit samba-common samba-common-bin sane-utils seahorse sessioninstaller shotwell sni-qt software-center software-center-aptdaemon-plugins speech-dispatcher ssh-askpass-gnome syslinux syslinux-common syslinux-legacy telepathy-gabble telepathy-haze telepathy-idle telepathy-indicator telepathy-logger telepathy-mission-control-5 telepathy-salut thunderbird thunderbird-globalmenu thunderbird-gnome-support toshset totem totem-common totem-mozilla totem-plugins ttf-indic-fonts-core ttf-punjabi-fonts ubuntu-artwork ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs ubuntu-mono ubuntu-sounds ubuntu-sso-client ubuntu-sso-client-gtk ubuntu-system-service ubuntu-wallpapers ubuntu-wallpapers-precise ubuntuone-client ubuntuone-client-gnome ubuntuone-control-panel ubuntuone-couch ubuntuone-installer unity unity-2d unity-2d-common unity-2d-panel unity-2d-shell unity-2d-spread unity-asset-pool unity-common unity-greeter unity-lens-applications unity-lens-files unity-lens-music unity-lens-video unity-scope-musicstores unity-scope-video-remote unity-services uno-libs3 update-inetd ure usb-creator-common usb-creator-gtk vino whois whoopsie wodim xbitmaps xcursor-themes xdg-user-dirs-gtk xdiagnose xfonts-mathml xterm xul-ext-ubufox yelp yelp-xsl zeitgeist zeitgeist-core zeitgeist-datahub zenity zenity-common && sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop ubuntu-minimal && sudo /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-set-defaults -g lightdm-gtk-greeter

to remove Ubuntu, but be sure to have LDXE installed by then...


Crontab not running script - please help

I came across this post which should help point you in the right direction.

If the first answer does not help fix you issue then you can use the second answer which is written by Byte Commander. Byte Commander shows a nice way to accomplish your goal without having to deal with cron. You would just have to change the 10m to 60m or so

  To avoid cron, you could also call your script in an infinite loop with a delay of 10 >minutes.

  If you want to launch the script again 10 minutes after the previous instance exited, >use this:

  while true ; do /PATH/TO/SCRIPT.PY ; sleep 10m ; done

  However, if you want to launch the script every 10 minutes on the clock, no matter >how long the last instance was running (or whether it still is running), you must >execute the script in background and sleep in parallel by replacing the ; with an &:

  while true ; do /PATH/TO/SCRIPT.PY & sleep 10m ; done


Why are my juju relation hooks not running?

I don't see anything wrong with what you've posted. You should check to make sure your hooks are executable and also take a look at the debug hooks command:

https://jujucharms.com/docs/stable/developer-debugging


Can't run ubuntu 12.04 problem seems to be video driver, card is via s3 pro savage 4

Here is the complete solution for the S3 Savage MX-MV

At the time of display problem:
Ctrl + Alt + F1 (or F2, or F3 etc.).
During your session, your screen becomes a console.
Login with your user name and password:

It starts by generating its xorg.conf.new which does not exist in Xubuntu 12.04:

sudo X-configure

Copy to /etc/X11:

sudo cp /home/$USER/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Install wim editor:

sudo apt-get install vim

Afterwards, edit the xorg.conf file using vim:

sudo vim /etc/X11/xorg.conf

To insert text, press i, then Esc when done.
To delete an entire line, dd (that is, the d key twice).
To quit without saving exchange, q.
To save changes: wq.

Correct the following in:

Section "Device"
         [...]
        Identifier "Card0"
# Comment out or delete the following line
# Driver "modesetting"
# Add the following line
      Driver "vesa"
EndSection

Restart BOOT: Ctrl + Alt + Del.


You can try easybcd:

https://neosmart.net/EasyBCD/ (there is a free download bellow)

When it opens click "add new entry" and choose linux -> grub 2. Leave everything at default

then click "edit boot menu" and make sure it is enabled.


Program using java runs on root fine, but errors with user

It appears that the jar file you are trying to run is located under /opt/.
/opt/ is owned by root.... Thus the need for sudo.
To solve this, place the jar file in your home directory under the ownership of your current user and change its path in your script accordingly and it should load without sudo.


Installing Ubuntu Alone, Along Side & Along Side in a Separate Partition

The file /boot/grub/grub.cfg controls the grub screen.  Also keep in mind that deleting a partition does not modify the filesystem on that partition.  So all files and data will remain intact until you overwrite them with other data (eg. by creating a partition there again and creating a new filesystem).

But I think the real question you're asking is how to uninstall grub as the bootloader.  For cases 1 and 2, uninstalling grub doesn't matter as it will get overwritten when you install the next OS.  For cases 3 and 4 you'll need to reinstall the Windows bootloader.


No boot. Error file /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic not found

From the live USB mount your root partition:

$ sudo mkdir /mnt/ubuntu

$ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sda2 /mnt/ubuntu

Type the following to allow DNS resolution from within the chroot:

$ sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/ubuntu/etc/resolv.conf

Mount proc filesystem

$ sudo mount -o bind /proc /mnt/ubuntu/proc

Now chroot to that installation:

$ sudo chroot /mnt/ubuntu /bin/bash

Reinstall kernel image package (that should also trigger grub-update):

(chroot)$ apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-generic

If it will not trigger kernel upgrade, then (still in chroot):

(chroot)$ update-grub

Exit chroot with Ctrl+d.
Reboot system without live USB.


No history and path/bash completion on some systems

By not having HISTFILE and HISTSIZE/HISTFILEZISE undefined, you have told bash that you don't want history logging.

Here's how I get one logfile for every bash procss I run:

From ~/.bashrc:

[[ -d ~/.history ]] || mkdir --mode=0700 ~/.history
[[ -d ~/.history ]] && chmod 0700 ~/.history
HISTFILE=~/.history/history.$(date +%y%b%d-%H%M%S).$$
# close any old history file by zeroing HISTFILESIZE
HISTFILESIZE=0
# then set HISTFILESIZE to a large value
HISTFILESIZE=4096
HISTSIZE=4096


Ubuntu caused my machine to boot to a blank screen!

FIXED: XP seems to have been damaged when I ran Ubuntu off the DVD somehow. Not sure how since all I did was check to see if it ran. Managed to get into bios after a ton of restarts and prevent it from attempting to boot off the hard drive. Go me!


How to formate Seagate 2 TB External Hard disk for Mac OS X

Yes, format it with exFAT file system under Windows. The exFAT filesystem is supported also in OS X. To use it under Ubuntu, make sure you have packages exfat-utils and exfat-fuse installed.


qt project compile error cannot find -lGL

To use library in the program you build, you must have the "dev" version of library, as well as connect it to your application (already done in examples)
You need to install "dev" version by

apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev


How can I find out if a specific program is installed?

And there's always apt-cache policy <package-name> (no sudo needed).
Not installed:
oli@bert:/$ apt-cache policy gnuift
gnuift:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 0.1.14-11
  Version table:
     0.1.14-11 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/universe amd64 Packages

Installed:
oli@bert:/$ apt-cache policy firefox
firefox:
  Installed: 8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.11.10.3
  Candidate: 8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.11.10.3
  Version table:
 *** 8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.11.10.3 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-security/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     7.0.1+build1+nobinonly-0ubuntu2 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/main amd64 Packages

Or dpkg: dpkg -l | grep -E '^ii' | grep <package name>. When it's not installed it won't show output. When it is, it'll show something like:
oli@bert:~$ dpkg -l | grep -E '^ii' | grep firefox
ii  firefox                                                     8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.11.10.3                            Safe and easy web browser from Mozilla
ii  firefox-branding                                            8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.11.10.3                            Safe and easy web browser from Mozilla - transitional package
ii  firefox-globalmenu                                          8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.11.10.3                            Unity appmenu integration for Firefox
ii  firefox-gnome-support                                       8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.11.10.3                            Safe and easy web browser from Mozilla - GNOME support
ii  firefox-locale-en                                           8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.11.10.3                            English language pack for Firefox

It's obviously a fuzzier search but handy if you're not sure which package you're looking for.
For manually installed things...
A bit harder but if they're on the current path, you could just run them. That's a bit of mission so I'd rather just run:
oli@bert:/$ which chromium-browser
/usr/bin/chromium-browser

And:
oli@bert:/$ which gnuift
# returns nothing

Which is better?
That depends on the sanity of user. There's nothing to stop somebody installing something called chromium-browser that isn't Chromium. They could even package it up incorrectly and install that. Neither method can be 100% certain.
But assuming the owner is sane - packages should be good enough for most people.


Running a terminal-type command in my application

Python (the programming language the desktop Quickly template uses) provides the subprocessing module for calling other programs. The documentation is here: http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html

It provides convenience functions, but for the more advanced stuff (like reading the output as you described if I recall correctly) you often need to use its Popen class.


Steam through WINE; nothing happens after login

You can download Steam .deb from it's site http://store.steampowered.com/


What color format gnome terminal color pallete use?

GTK use 16-bit color components. so rgb is represented as rrrrggggbbbb.

The example which you took is equivalent to #26268B8BD2D2 -> #268BD2 -> RGB (38,139,210)

Hope this helps you.


Why am I seeing a bomb icon on my files and folders in Ubuntu?

I think the icon you are seeing is this one:

It is a emblem included with RabbitVCS, which apparently indicates a error:

  The bomb emblem means that there is some sort of error in the status
  checker.  It is possible that error messages will show up in
  ~/.config/rabbitvcs/RabbitVCS.log but I'm not sure it will for your
  problem.  I'm not sure what would cause your status checker to be
  getting errors but it could be that your svn or git dependencies are
  not correctly installed, or installed in a way that doesn't work with
  RabbitVCS.  Are the bomb emblems showing up in git repositories or svn
  repositories or both?

  One thing that might help is restarting the status checker.  You can
  do this by killing the checkerservice.py process.  Run "ps aux | grep rabbitvcs" and kill the process that says checkerservice.py.  Once you
  do that, restart nautilus and see what happens.


Skype login can not be executed on ubuntu 13.10

I found solution on my own how to fix this problem. Completely accidentally. I was about to make some changes in allowed software on system and i opened Software & Updates from dash. So, first go to dash and search for:

  Software & Updates

and open it. Then i went under tab

  Other Software

and what i saw, gave me an answer. As Skype is

  Canonical partners application

you must check it to enable, also i am not sure about:

  Canonical partners (Source code)

but check it as well.

As Canonical partners software was not allowed, that is why on every skype launch it pops EULA license, as i just tryed every time to install it, and it was not allowed.

After all, just close Software and Update, and wait until it completes changes and updates. After that, just launch Skype, and if problem still exists, simple reinstallation will fix it.

Hope this helps.


Can I benefit from UbuntuOne services on a non-Ubuntu Linux flavor?

Yes, there is nothing to prevent that. It'll need to be packaged for that distro, but no other customization should be required. The software is written in Python, uses gnome-keyring by default and synchronizes desktopcouch instances (desktopcouch is also written in Python and depends on normal couchdb). All this is available on any distro.


Ubuntu 20.10 freezes regularly after updating from 20.04

I tried to install the 5.10.8 Kernel but it didn't fix it. Since I switched to X session I had no freeze. Therefore I think it is related to Wayland.


Play music automatically after start pomodoro gnome task

for example my play list file path is /home/pratap/Downloads/VLC/myPlaylist.xspf

replace your playlists file path in below command and test it.

vlc --random --playlist-autostart /home/pratap/Downloads/VLC/myPlayList.xspf

Once you are sure it is working.. Then add the command to pomodoro

Tested in Ubuntu 20.04


Automatic route deleting in a specific network

There s a setting in the network setup, that the connection uses only local resources:

If you check the box enabling the option, then connection specified should not try to route packets to the internet.  Assuming then that your second connection (either wired or wireless) is connected, that interface will be used to contact the internet.

This setting will need to be changed for both ipv4 and ipv6 protocols.

Please note that this will not help you if both connections are to your school's network - bypassing their gateway does require the use of an alternate gateway, which would generally mean using a different network.


In general You have to install drivers, just like in Windows for example. The best way to see if Your hardware works well is to install Ubuntu on external drive (all, boot and the OS) and to play with it for a while. If everything works well, you can switch Your current OS to Ubuntu without any fear. In case of any probloems You just disconnect Your USB HDD from PC and done. You're back to what You've had.


Display issues after switching to KDE on Ubuntu 18.04

To find out what is going on, you could try searching bugs.kde.org. Also make sure to test several more applications to confirm whether the problem is specific to these programs, or if there is some commonality between the affected problems.

If it turns out that the problem is specific to your version of Plasma, you might want to try the KDE Backports PPA. If your video driver seems to be at fault, consider upgrading it, or perhaps changing to an alternative driver. Actually, either of these may fix the problem even if you can't figure out what's going on.

Finally, your wording "I recently changed desktop environments to KDE on my Ubuntu 18.04 installation" makes me suspicious that something might have gone wrong due to this not being a clean installation of Kubuntu. Unfortunate as it may be, installing multiple desktop environments still seems to cause problems sometimes.


I would strongly suggest that you just reinstall, being careful about where the installation goes to.

One quick check before doing that: Looking at that fdisk output, your first primary partition doesn't seem to be marked bootable. Run 'fdisk /dev/sda', type 'a'-Enter to start toggling a bootable flag, '1'-Enter to toggle the first partition's bootable flag. 'w'-Enter to write the partition table changes and exit.

If that doesn't fix things for you, then copying the boot folder (if there isn't one on your primary drive's Linux partition) to the primary drive's Linux partition would be the start of getting booting working off the hard disk. Then changes to /etc/grub.conf or /etc/default/grub would be required.


flash player not working on Ubuntu 14.04 with Chrome for Linux


Tried Dual Booting, now neither OS is booting up

If you're new to dual booting, please follow some kind of tutorial before doing anything on your own. Here is a good tutorial for Win7.

Before taking any drastic steps, check your boot menu(you can do this by pressing F10 or F12, depends on your manufacturer). If you see anything which even remotely resembles Win7 or Ubuntu, choose that.

If nothing works, and like you said that your partitions are messed up, try the tool GParted Live Disk to fix your partitions. If you know some other software that you're more comfortable with use that. FIX YOUR PARTITIONS FIRST.

Follow this to reinstall Windows 7, and then go over the process of installing Ubuntu with the links provided before.


installing libX11.a, libX11.so and Xlib.h

Use apt-file search [filename] to determine the package that provides these files, as well as their location.

libX11.a:

libx11-dev: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.a

libX11.so:

libx11-dev: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so

Xlib.h:

libx11-dev: /usr/include/X11/Xlib.h

So yes, you ought to have them already.


To install pidgin :

sudo apt-get install pidgin

Now the package pidgin-skype-common mainly provides two shared library files libskype_dbus.so and libskype.so to interface skype with pidgin. It has nothing to with any command.

You can see this by dpkg -L pidgin-skype-common:

$ dpkg -L pidgin-skype-common
/.
/usr
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/purple-2
/usr/lib/purple-2/libskype_dbus.so
/usr/lib/purple-2/libskype.so
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/pidgin-skype-common
/usr/share/doc/pidgin-skype-common/README.Debian
/usr/share/doc/pidgin-skype-common/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/pidgin-skype-common/copyright
/usr/share/pidgin-skype-common
/usr/share/pidgin-skype-common/icons
/usr/share/pidgin-skype-common/icons/16
/usr/share/pidgin-skype-common/icons/16/skypeout.png
/usr/share/pidgin-skype-common/icons/16/skype.png
/usr/share/pidgin-skype-common/icons/22
/usr/share/pidgin-skype-common/icons/22/skypeout.png
/usr/share/pidgin-skype-common/icons/22/skype.png
/usr/share/pidgin-skype-common/icons/48
/usr/share/pidgin-skype-common/icons/48/skypeout.png
/usr/share/pidgin-skype-common/icons/48/skype.png

Also if you run dpkg -s pidgin-skype-common you can see this in the Description section :

Description: Skype plugin for libpurple messengers (common files)
 This protocol plugin allows libpurple to communicate with Skype.
 Applications using libpurple (Pidgin, Finch, Empathy/Telepathy,
 etc.) can thus show your Skype contacts alongside those from
 other protocols, and you can communicate with them using that
 application instead of the Skype user interface.


I fixed the problem myself.

I changed the boot order in UEFI (BIOS) to boot to Ubuntu first and that solved the problem.


I just faced this same issue & resolved it, when installed XAMP in Ubuntu 20.04lts. May be this is late reply, but this will help to someone.
It clearly says "netstat: command not found".
Run below command to install netstat:
sudo apt install net-tools

Then try to start your xampp again, it should work now.
sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start


As stated above, I gave up trying to do this in Unity and installed KDE. Everything worked as expected in KDE.


Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS suspends when 12.04 LTS did not

Per Alex-J's suggestion, using this link fixed the problem:
How can I tell Ubuntu to do nothing when I close my laptop lid?

Verified working on Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS Server.

  To make Ubuntu do nothing when laptop lid is closed:

  Open the /etc/systemd/logind.conf file in a text editor as root, for example,

  sudo -H gedit /etc/systemd/logind.conf
  Add a line HandleLidSwitch=ignore (make sure it's not commented out!),
  Restart the systemd daemon with this command:

  sudo restart systemd-logind


Tried Ubuntu Live; now cannot boot Windows 7?

use your windows install disk and try these commands   bootrec /fixmbr  if it didn't work then bootrec /fixboot  or simply use the startup repair


Can't boot Ubuntu from DVD, getting OUT OF RANGE error message

How to burn a DVD on Windows 7/8/10

Right-click on an ISO image and choose Burn disc image.

Select a disc burner (drive) and choose Burn. If you check Verify disc after burning, it will confirm that the ISO image has been burned correctly

This flowchart shows how to make a bootable USB for installing Ubuntu and troubleshoot problems booting Ubuntu from it.

Flowchart link

How to create a bootable USB stick on Windows

How to make an Ubuntu USB on Ubuntu

How do I make a bootable Ubuntu USB?


"Keyboard Layout Handler" is not working properly on Lubuntu 18.04

When the Arabic layout is effective, Right Alt is defined (by default) as the key to access 3:rd and 4:th level symbols. That's probably the reason why you can't use it to switch back to English.

You have two options. Either

start using some other shortcut for switching layouts, or
explicitly define some other key but Right Alt to access 3:rd and 4:th level symbols.


How to install a driver for an NVIDIA card not detected by Additional Drivers?

***This approach is simpler and it allows for easier reversal.

Manual NVIDIA binary driver package install

Install the NVIDIA binary driver package manually. It will automatically blacklist the Nouveau default driver and make the kernel modules for you:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

Become root:

sudo -i

Then simply modify your "xorg.conf" to use it. Copy and paste the whole code snippet in the terminal where you ran "sudo -i":

echo 'Section "Screen"
        Identifier      "Default Screen"
        DefaultDepth    24
EndSection

Section "Module"
        Load    "glx"
EndSection

Section "Device"
        Identifier      "Default Device"
        Driver  "nvidia"
        Option  "NoLogo"        "True"
EndSection
' > /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Then reboot your machine.

Reversal

In case it doesn't work, you can get back to the default state by reverting the changes:

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf && sudo apt-get purge nvidia-current nvidia-settings

And of course then you need to reboot.

Afterwards you could attempt @conner_bw's suggestion as a last resort.


how to uninstall ubuntu 18.04 in dell n5110 and install windows

Simply boot from the drive which contain Windows iso and then install it on the hdd where there is Ubuntu, note that this will delete all of your file on Ubuntu, after this operation on your hdd there will be only Windows


Sometimes a total reorganization is the most easy solution, so I suggest :

Completely rebuild your disk layout and keep it as simple as possible.
You should place all boot loaders and operating systems on one disk.

Backup the partitions you want to keep (recommended : Clonezilla).
Create a new partition table on all disks (recommended : GParted).
Create new partitions and prepare them for restoration process.
Boot from Clonezilla live media again and restore the partitions.
Boot from Windows install media and rebuild Windows BCDstore.
Boot from ubuntu install media and reinstall the GRUB bootloader.

If you want Windows bootloader to be default turn around steps 5 and 6.
In this case you must install GRUB to the root partition of the ubuntu OS.

Then you can to use bcdedit to add the Linux partitions to the BCDstore.
Assuming you are having advanced knowledge I ommitted more details !


If you look at this page here in the Superuser & Password Designation section, you will see that it specifically states that:

  Note: GRUB 2 1.99 in 12.04 LTS doesn't protect submenu, ie. command
  line, entry editing and access to entries is not protected! See bug
  718670.

However, they claim that the work around would be to add export superusers to the /etc/grub.d/00_header file.  The example looks like the following lines added to the bottom of the file:

cat << EOF
set superusers="user1"
password user1 password1
export superusers
EOF

after those lines are added to your user information, update the grub so the settings take effect:

sudo update-grub

I just tested this on my own system, and as soon as I selected Advanced Options it asked for a username and password.  However, once you type it in, it is stored for that session and you can edit all lines, even the main Ubuntu entry.  If I rebooted the system, then pressed e on the first entry of Ubuntu, it asked for the username and password.

NOTE: this does not protect if someone boots the host to Live media.  The only way to protect against that would be to use full drive encryption, but that is for a whole other topic.

Hope this helps!


How do I delete a second 12.04 OS from my computer?

Backup all your data in Ubuntu, Windows, etc.
Determine the partition in which the second Ubuntu is installed.
Boot from Live CD/USB and choose the Try Ubuntu option.
Open Gparted and delete the partition(s) with the extra Ubuntu.
Using Gparted expand the existing partition(s) to reclaim the unused space.
Boot to Ubuntu from the hard drive and open a terminal by pressing
Ctrl+Alt+T and enter: sudo
update-grub to remove the deleted entry from the boot menu.

If GRUB the boot-loader gets messed up and the computer does not boot to Ubuntu, follow the second option described at Boot-Repair to fix reinstall GRUB. Also see this detailed instruction for installing GRUB from the Live CD/USB.

Hope this helps


I'm using Ubuntu 16.04 and there's no fglrx!

The publishing history on Launchpad indicates the package has been deleted for 16.04:

Removed from disk on 2016-03-03.
Removal requested on 2016-03-03.
Deleted on 2016-03-03 by Martin Pitt
(tjaalton) there will not be updates any more, incompatible with new X.org ABI, free driver is good enough now

You could post a bug on Launchpad if you feel the open source driver isn't good enough.

The Release Notes for 16.04 has more information:

  fglrx

  The fglrx driver is now deprecated in 16.04, and we recommend its open
  source alternatives (radeon and amdgpu). AMD put a lot of work into
  the drivers, and we backported kernel code from Linux 4.5 to provide a
  better experience.

  When upgrading to Ubuntu 16.04 from a previous release, both the fglrx
  driver and the xorg.conf will be removed, so that the system is set to
  use either the amdgpu driver or the radeon driver (depending on the
  available hardware).

In a mailing list discussion, it's suggested that people who really need the fglrx driver might have to continue using 14.04 until the open source driver improves:

  AMD dropped support for their proprietary-blob fglrx video driver so it can't be included in 16.04 LTS. The last release AMD did can not be used because it is incompatible with the newer x.org display server. Most people will be able to the use the open source AMD video driver, but there are a few applications (certain graphics-intensive games, bitcoin mining) for which it is inadequate. Folk who rely on such applications might choose to remain on 14.04 LTS until adequate support lands in the open source AMD video drivers.

Related:

Ubuntu Is Deprecating fglrx (Catalyst) In 16.04 LTS - Phoronix


Issue installing modem ZTE AC682 UI on Ubuntu 12.0.4

you can check this link or on this for Indonesian language.


How to use manually installed python for personal programs without breaking any other application?

Your best bet is to use an alias. Open your ~/.bash_aliases file and type the following:

alias python='/path/to/python/in/your/home/directory'

with the '. For example, if your python binary file is /home/user/Documents/bin/python, the alias would be:

alias python='/home/user/Documents/bin/python'

This would not break existing application, since they would continue to use whatever version is /usr/bin/python or /usr/bin/python3 and you would use the python stored in your home directory.

For easy_install to install modules to a specific directory, you can use the --install-dir option together with the $PYTHONPATH environment variable. To do this, do the following:

export PYTHONPATH='/home/user/python/lib/

and then

easy_install --install-dir /home/user/python/lib/ <module_to_install>

or whatever path you want to give to easy_install to install the modules.


Ubuntu 18.04 Guest on proxmox host cannot utilise "VirtIO (paravirtualized)" network adapters

You have to create NAT rules to allow VM public access. Folow these steps to create NAT. But note that:

network mask in bit size format can not be aplicable in your system, use full format (255.255.255.0) and test all iptable rulles in CLI
Since Ubuntu 18.04 you have to use netplan to set network or Proxmox DHCP

P.S. Take a look at qemu-guest-agent


is there some way to turn off WIFI when the screen is locked?

Based on https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/28183/235896, I was using this:
dbus-monitor --session "type='signal',interface='org.gnome.ScreenSaver'" |
  while read str; do
    echo "$str"
    case "$str" in
      *"boolean true"*)  echo SCREEN_LOCKED  ;nmcli networking off;;
      *"boolean false"*) echo SCREEN_UNLOCKED;nmcli networking on ;;
    esac
  done

But once, the screen wokeup all in black and showed only the mouse and the internet was activated, I have no idea what happened...

So this one https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/449013/235896, seems to be more reliable:
gdbus monitor -y -d org.freedesktop.login1 |
  while read str; do
    echo "$str"
    case "$str" in
      *"LockedHint': <true>"*)  echo SCREEN_LOCKED  ;date;nmcli networking off;;
      *"LockedHint': <false>"*) echo SCREEN_UNLOCKED;date;nmcli networking on ;;
    esac
  done

Obs.: I will try to add internet activity check later...


Good that you trying out Ubuntu,

Delete E: and make a unpartitioned space through windows 7 disk management.

When you start Ubuntu installation select the free space.

Please mention the version also

Link
Dual Desktop windows 7 and Ubuntu 11.04


How to remove from autorun postgresql in xubuntu?

postgresql starts as a systemd service. To stop autorun of it, simply execute this command in terminal

sudo systemctl disable postgresql

This should disable autorun of postgresql upon boot. If you want to re-enable it, use

sudo systemctl enable postgresql

command.


How to increase the partition size of root disk in ubuntu linux?

To be able to increase the size of your root partition, the empty space must be contiguous (right next to) the root partition.
To do this, you will need to boot from a USB, then using gparted

Move the swap partition as far to the right as possible
Move the /home partition as far to the right as possible
Expand the root partition

Please not that this is not a fast set of operations, and it is not without risk.  Backup your data before you undertake this operation.


Wi-Fi problem on Acer Aspire One D257 running Ubuntu

I had this same problem and all I did was update the driver for my wifi. Go to system setting then additional drivers, it should search for the driver needed and you should install/update it. Then go to the wifi settings in the top right corner and set up your wifi details and password in the same as you would using windows. I hope this helps, I am new to Ubuntu too, so good luck luck! :)


Launch a program keeping focus on terminal

If you know the title of the terminal, you can switch back to it after opening the program using the wmctrl command (it doesn't even look like the new program was in the foreground at all if the window opens instantly and you don't need the sleep command):

wmctrl -a <WIN-TITLE>

<WIN-TITLE> doesn't have to be the full title, for example, if the title was TESTING, TEST would work.

Depending on how long it takes to open the program, you might need to use the sleep command to delay the switch back to the terminal. You can use it like this: sleep <SECONDS>s.

To set the title of the terminal from within a script, use:

NAME="NEW_TITLE"; echo -en "\033]0;$NAME\a"

See this answer for more information.

For example, here is a little script to open a program in the background:

NAME="Opening program..."; echo -en "\033]0;$NAME\a"
$1&
sleep 0.75s
wmctrl -a "Opening program"


Pasting text into terminal editors always pastes into a single line on Ubuntu for Windows (10)

If your are trying to paste multiple line from clipboard to Vim I found a working solution in this post.

https://stackoverflow.com/posts/49933556/edit

  I believe that this question deserves a more objective answer.

  Entering Paste Mode

  ESC
  :set paste
  press i
  SHIFT + Insert (with a text copied on your clipboard)

  Leaving Paste Mode

  ESC
  :set nopaste
  press i

  You pasted the text and you're able to type again.


Steam on ubuntu 13.04 won`t launch Garry`s Mod. Error: Could not load library content (Unknown error)

You're probably using a 64bit system, but you need 32bit libs:

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs-multiarch


What I got from this link is that you can use ghostscript in you application if you're going to use it as a library (i.e. you won't copy the source code of ghostscript into your own source code).

Even if you're going to modify ghostscript and use that modified version as a library, you will only have to make the source code of the modified ghostscript available.


How do I search for folders in the dash?

There is a way to add manually any folder you want to the dash (and to the sidebar). Just follow the instructions here:

How to add a folder to the favorites bar in Gnome Shell?

In the *.desktop files you can also add custom locations and paths like:

Exec=nautilus /mnt/home/yourname/Dropbox/

or for the icon:

Icon=/path/to/icon/random.png

It worked for me on Ubuntu 12.10 64bit with Gnome 3.6.0. Of course, it could be a little easier.... like d&d...


Neither brasero or Xfburn recognizes the blank disc

Test this:

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

sudo -i
apt-get update
apt-get install --reinstall brasero brasero-cdrkit brasero-common cdrdao cdparanoia cue2toc dvdauthor dvd+rw-tools genisoimage wodim


after upgrade gdb won't attach to process

In Maverick Meerkat (10.10) Ubuntu introduced a patch to disallow ptracing of non-child processes by non-root users - ie. only a process which is a parent of another process can ptrace it for normal users - whilst root can still ptrace every process. Hence why you can use gdb to attach via sudo still.
You can temporarily disable this restriction (and revert to the old behaviour allowing your user to ptrace (gdb) any of their other processes) by doing:
echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope

To permanently allow it edit /etc/sysctl.d/10-ptrace.conf and change the line:
kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 1

To read:
kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 0

For some background on why this change was made, see the Ubuntu wiki.


Issue with PDFMod since upgrading to 16.04

I had same issue with PdfMod on Ubuntu 16.04. After many futile attempts, I decided to switch to PdfShuffler which does the job the same way.


gLabels (Click To Install)

  gLabels is a program for creating labels and business cards for the GNOME desktop environment. It is designed to work with various laser/ink-jet peel-off label and business card sheets that you'll find at most office supply stores. gLabels is free software and is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).

You can export to PDF by clicking Print and then clicking Save to File.


Host system must make those devices available. It is not just about configuring the guest OS.  You did not say what your host OS is, that may be the problem.

In the Oracle VM box, choose the VM you are interested in (don't start it), then click the settings icon. USB configuration is toward the bottom.  Mine says "Enable USB" and "USB 2.0".

Then you can start the VM and find out if it sees the media.

You may experience a conflict between the host and the guest over control of USB. There is a long thread about it here:

https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=45349

May be as easy as "eject" the USB when the host OS grabs it, allowing guest to have a try at it.

That pre-supposes you know how, in Ubuntu, to mount a USB stick.

If you don't see USB as an option in VBox settings, it means you did not yet install the Extensions package for Virtual Box (different from guest addon thing). https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

I expect these things will help you fix it. If this fails, the last idea is to change your Oracle packages.  If you are using VB packages from the Ubuntu, maybe you should stop. The Ubuntu package of Virtual Box is different than the packages direct from Oracle.  The Debian/Ubuntu folks break up the different pieces in a way that makes setting this up more difficult for me. I did not try since 2015. Since then I always use the Oracle packages.  If you keep hitting trouble, best to configure the Oracle repo. You know the drill, /etc/apt/sources.list.d, put this in a file "oracle.list" for example:

deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian yakkety contrib

You'll need to get a security key for that ( https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads).


Have you tried to change the CMOS options so that the Flash drive is available for booting before everything but the CD drive. You can do this by clicking F2 (on my laptop! Sometimes the Delete or F12 button) as you boot up.
Next, using your keyboard left and right arrows, navigate to Boot and follow the onscreen instructions


Ubuntu 18 - launcher to only show applications in current workspace

Running dconf-editor as root allowed me to follow the steps in the thread I provided. This solved the issue.


Call to undefined function sqlite_open() in CLI mode

Use SQLite3::open instead.

sqlite_open is an old function, deprecated in PHP 5.4


You can go to PyPy and follow the install instructions from there.

https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/

But pip 3.7 may already be installed. Try

pip3.7 —version


A easy way to achieve what you want is editing the file /etc/grub.d/40_custom and create there a manual entry:

menuentry 'Ubuntu (Text mode)' --class ubuntu {
    recordfail
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,msdos1'
    linux   /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1 ro   text
    initrd  /initrd.img
}

of course, you need to replace sda1 and msdos1 with the correct partition (or UUID if you prefer).

After that run sudo update-grub and the new entry should be added at the end of the list.

This only creates a manual entry. If you want a automatic entry for each kernel then you must edit /etc/grub.d/10_linux.


Change default port for remote desktop sharing 12.04 LTS

Actually you can port-forward the external port 5901 into the internal port 5900 > IP: x and external port 5902 into the internal port 5900 > IP: y, and so on.

It is much simpler because you must only configure one thing -- your router -- and you won't have to remember different TCP ports when you want to reach the various PCs from inside your LAN.


Could someone improve kernel upgrade scripts with VirtualBox install?

Install the dkms package and it will handle it for you on every kernel upgrade.

After installing DKMS, re-run the original installer for the VirtualBox Guest tools, then it will install a DKMS hook to recompile the kernel modules on every install.

To check the current status of the kernel modules, run

dkms status

Which will output e.g.:

vboxguest, 4.2.6, 3.2.0-43-generic, x86_64: installed
vboxguest, 4.2.6, 3.2.0-44-generic, x86_64: installed

Full steps towards a "proper" VirtualBox Guest tools installation:

Do a full software update of your machine and reboot afterwards.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Install the dependencies (compiler, Linux headers, DKMS)

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers dkms

Run the VirtualBox Guest additions installer (from the virtual media inserted):

sudo ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

Reboot.


How does Ubuntu handle deadlock situations?

From my understanding the Linux Kernel (and by proxy Ubuntu) ignores deadlocks. They happen so infrequently that the cost to manage them (monitoring, resolution) far exceeds the benefit. The least costly way to manage them is to simply ignore them (Whereas other applications like databases run in to Deadlocks more frequently, Linux does not).


For some reason (quite probably having to do with me being an aforementioned newb), although echo $DISPLAY returns :0, if I type who I see that my display is actually :1 (?!), so that if I invoke DISPLAY=:1 /usr/local/stata/stata-mp the program launches without error.

To reiterate my solution of unable to open display #:

type who and note the actual display number (including a colon if present)
for the desired command (e.g., xhost, or /usr/local/stata/stata-mp), type DISPLAY=[INSERT NUMBER YOU NOTED HERE] [x COMMAND HERE]

I will gladly upvote and accept another answer which can help me understand this seemingly discrepant behavior.


How to play 'wmv9' in Acer Aspire One 751h?

The audio was coming out perfectly and the video was only a black screen; the problem was only with videos encoded with 'wmv9' codec. I tried other formats and a few streaming videos and they were working ok.

Now here's what I did to solve it: I saw this post and tried it. When I change the VLC video output for X11, it worked. I don't know why it worked and I can't even think why it happens, but it worked on my fianceé's AAO 751h.

Translation of the post:

For those who are looking for a way of displaying videos even after installing several codecs, you can try the suggestions of this two links (1 and 2). They basically say that one thing worth to try (and that solved my problem too) is to set either the whole system or the only the video-player to use X11 as the 'output' video.

In Ubuntu it can be done by (this I didn't try myself, I just copied and pasted here):

For gstreamer applications:

System --> Preferences --> Multimedia Systems Selector (If it's not there, you'll have to enable it by editing the menus.)
Click on the "Video" tab.
In the "Default Output" section, select X Window System (No Xv)` for the "Plugin".

In VLC it can be done by (that's the one I've done, but right now I can't remember the exact names of the tabs)

Preferences --> Video --> Output --> X11

References:

http://ubuntuforum-br.org/index.php/topic,72867.0.html
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1476955


How to get "Super" key working on Drevo Blademaster Pro?

Press FN then the WIN key and it becomes backlit Red like the other keys and works as expected. I don't know why this works.


Custom Ubuntu Desktop ISO with programs & settings?

Creating Backup System Image of Bootable Drive
Caution: The target drive will be overwritten.

Boot Live USB, plug in Source USB.

Open Gnome-Disks

Select the disk you wish to backup on the left.

Select the icon that looks like a stack of pancakes upper right.

Click "Create Disk Image" and enter a location where to save the image.

Use the pancake icon or use Etcher, Rufus, dd or mkusb when you want to restore or clone the image to another drive.

VirtualBox
You can switch IMG files back and forth to VDI files using: VBoxManage clonemedium --format RAW ubuntu.vdi ubuntu.imgand VBoxManage clonemedium --format RAW ubuntu.img ubuntu.vdi


I had the same problem. In my case it was related to the compability nvidia-current-updates (wich I installed before the upgrade to 12.10) with compiz.

I fixed it by installing the version 310.19 of the nvidia driver avaiable through this ppa (this is not the official supported version on ubuntu, but works pretty well):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-settings

In order to get this fix to work, you may have to reboot after installing the ppa.


Why isn't there a viable alternative to XAMPP in Linux?

The default stack on Ubuntu (or any Linux system) is LAMP and it has been for a very long time.

Wikipedia
LAMP is a combination of free, open source software. The acronym LAMP refers to the first letters of Linux (operating system), Apache HTTP Server, MySQL (database software), and PHP, Perl or Python, principal components to build a viable general purpose web server.
The exact combination of software included in a LAMP package may vary, especially with respect to the web scripting software, as Perl or Python are sometimes dropped from the stack. Similar terms exist for essentially the same software suite (AMP) running on other operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows (WAMP), Mac OS (MAMP), Solaris (SAMP), iSeries (iAMP), or OpenBSD (OAMP).

Ubuntu has a special program to install extra sets of software (like LAMP); you can install it with
sudo apt-get install tasksel

and then choose from a list of options LAMP:

The system will install a pre-configured version of LAMP and will also ask for password for MySQL admin. This has worked out of the box for me for years
Besides that: please avoid using XAMP since the LAMP stack in Ubuntu is better tested and hardend.

Easiest method installing LAMP is this single command:
sudo apt-get install lamp-server^

The ^ indicates apt-get needs to install the task lamp-server.


I'd suggest you try brasero or the well-known k3b.

I've used both of them for quite some times.

I think that k3b is superior in terms of stability, but to be honest, as i Gnome user, i don't like having to add the QT libraries (as k3b was built for KDE) on my machine.


There is no such feature.

If you want this you will need to code it yourself by hacking the software that is used to create and show themes. And I believe you will need alot of coding experience to pull this of.


For the time being, I found that opening the main packet tracer and then opening the saved files by ctrl+o works....

let c, if we have any other solution


I looked at

apt-cache policy base-files

there I found out, that I pinned something.

I had a file

/etc/apt/preferences.d/vivid-manual-only

which sticks the vivid upgrade to manal upgrade only:

Package: *
Pin: release n=vivid
Pin-Priority: 99

Remove that file and your updates are found by

do-release-upgrade


This means the package has been canceled in the new release of Ubuntu. You can search for it on Ubuntu packages website and download it manually. You'll probably need to download the dependencies manually. Search for them on this website too. If this package worked on 16.04, choose xenial before searching.
Try to find one of these packages and you'll find a list of dependencies. Try to download them manually from xenial repository.


How do I get the driver for my graphics card?

I am trying to install driver for my AMD Radeon HD8570 too. I found this helpful:

What is the correct way to install proprietary ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) directly from AMD?

I have tried several ways in that post and pages it refers, among which I found the answer "Installing the ATI Catalyst Drivers for 13.04" in that post suits my situation (ubuntu 12.04.4, 64bit OS) at the best. And it is the most simple one I have ever tried, although I can pass the installation test only before I restart my system (once restarted, both fglxinfo and fgl_glxgears would result in the same error).


How to show keyboard chart of a specific layout variant from command line?

Well, found the trick after trying the GUI then watch which command it is launching.
~$ ps aux | grep gkbd
user      4158  0.2  3.5 470116 27048 ?        Sl   14:06   0:00 gkbd-keyboard-display -l us?intl
user      4178  0.0  0.1  21296   928 pts/11   S+   14:07   0:00 grep --color=auto gkbd

~$ pgrep -a gkbd
4158 gkbd-keyboard-display -l us    intl

~$ pgrep -a gkbd | hexdump -c
0000000   2   3   7   0       g   k   b   d   -   k   e   y   b   o   a
0000010   r   d   -   d   i   s   p   l   a   y       -   l       u   s
0000020  \t   a   l   t   -   i   n   t   l  \n
000002a

So, here is the command that works, which uses tab \t as separator:
gkbd-keyboard-display -l $'us\tintl'


Adding if statement to an existing while loop

Its a good practice to keep your if-then-statement as short as possible, this way you dont need the else statement.

#!/bin/bash

x=$1
y=$2

if [[ $x =~ (^$|[^0-9]) ]]; then
    echo "no"
    exit 0
fi
while (( $x <= 3 )); do
    echo "$x $y"
    ((x++))
    sleep 5
done

Or with a for-loop:

for ((z=3; $x<=$z; x++)); do
    echo "$x $y"
    sleep 5
done


Method #1
This one is relatively straightforward. You're going to open your terminal, do a search, and then sort that information.
Press CTRL + ALT + T and open the terminal. Enter the following and press the enter button.
dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;8}  ${Package}\n' | sort -nr

That's going to flood your window, so you can easily send it to a text file.
dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;8}  ${Package}\n' | sort -nr >> appsizes.txt

That will make a text file in your home directory with the name of appsizes.txt and you can use that as reference.
Method #2
Open your favorite plain text editor and cut/paste the following:
#!/bin/bash

export LC_ALL=C

aptitude show $(dpkg-query -Wf '${Package}\n') |
  awk '$1 == "Package:"     { name = $2 }
       $1 == "Uncompressed" { printf("%10s %s\n", $3, name) }' |
  awk '$1 ~ /k/ { $1 *= 1 }; $1 ~ /M/ { $1 *= 1024 }
       { printf("%9d %s\n", $1, $2)}'

Now, save it (preferably in your home directory) as applist.sh.
Open your terminal and enter the following:
chmod +x ./applist.sh
./applist.sh

That'll do pretty much the same as the first method - except you can just execute the script whenever you want. If you want to be all fancy, try this (make sure you've made it executable in the step above:
sudo cp ./applist.sh /usr/bin

Now, no matter what directory you're in with your terminal, you can just run applist.sh. If you want to make it a text file, you can still do something like applist.sh >> ~/applist.txt.


ffmpeg -ss 01:30:00 -t 10 -i input.mp4 output.mp4

-ss 01:30:00 offset time. In this example it is 1 hour 30 seconds. Could also be declared in seconds, -ss 5400.
-t 10 duration.
-c copy (optional). If you add this as an output option (between input.mp4 and output.mp4) it will use stream copy mode. Like a copy and paste, so re-encoding is avoided. However, ffmpeg can only cut on key frames, so the offset may not be accurate.

See ffmpeg documentation for more info on -ss and -t.


Play folder content in Audacious on right click in Thunar

Edit > configure custom actions, click the + button, for name type whatever you want, for command type audacious %F. You can select the icon if you want. Go to appearance conditions and select only Directories. Click OK and now you can now right click any folder and this action will appear in the context menu.


Is it possible that PC can use phone battery during suspend?

@Kunok your phone is built to use the pc's energy, not the contrary. So I think your usb cable was not more establishing the connection whereas your phone was draining. If that fails to be the case then you should check your phone charging system. Now, Ubuntu OS cannot be responsible for that right? I mean just be fair... cheers.


SYSLINUX 4.04 2010-10-22 EDD Copyright (C) 1994-2011 H. Peter Anvin et al

I have seen a fix for the SanDisk users. It lies with the U3 folder. That prevents startup. Try to delete it and start it up that way!


How do I share a folder between linux installs?

To access a samba share you can press Ctrl+L on Nautilus to open the location bar then type:

smb://webserver.local/websites

It will then ask for authentication and mount the shared folder.

Use server's IP address if have trouble accessing by name.


If you use whiptail's --separate-output option, it might be easier to work with:

--separate-output
      For checklist widgets, output result one line at a time, with no
      quoting.  This facilitates parsing by another program.

Secondly, from looking at your original select-based script, it seems to me that:

You have a folder name for each selection (antiferro for Antiferromagnetic, $pn+U for DFT+U, etc.).
For any choice, your actions are always:

mkdir $pn/<folder-name>
mkdir $pn/<folder-name>/$pn

You can simplify your script considerably by making these foldernames the output of whiptail. Instead of mBj which you use currently, for example, use mbj as the tag.

Then you can do:

whiptail --title "Do you want to" --checklist --separate-output \
    "Do you want to" 15 60 8 \
    "elastic" "Calculate Elastic properties" OFF \
    "band" "Calculate band properties" OFF \
    "dos" "Calculate band properties" OFF \
    "eldensity" "Calculate Electronic Density properties" OFF \
    "optic" "Calculate Optical properties" OFF \
    "$pn+U" "Do DFT+U calculation" ON \
    "mbj" "Do mBj correction" OFF \
    "antiferro" "Do Antiferromagnetic calculation" OFF \
    3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 |
    while read choice
    do
        mkdir "$pn/$choice/$pn" -p
    done

And you can use mkdir's -p option:

-p, --parents
  no error if existing, make parent directories as needed


If you're comfortable with it, I recommend using the Parted Magic Live CD: http://partedmagic.com/doku.php?id=start

After booting the CD, you can use the GPartEd software included to resize the partitions.

NOTE: BACK UP YOUR DATA FIRST!


What steps should I take before performing a release upgrade to avoid problems?

important production system

I would not upgrade a system like that. I would install 16.04 on another machine, copy the live data over to that machine. Test, test some more. And then make that machine the production server.

And you can redo this with 18.04 with the current 14.04 server.

Why take risks at all?


Remote Desktop Viewer doesn't update the image

Sounds like you have compiz enabled on your desktop which is what's causing the lack of screen refresh. There's an option you can enable on the server side (in your case the desktop) - that is, the machine you wish to control, which will fix this.

ALT+F2 -> gconf-editor -> Run

Navigate to /desktop/gnome/remote_access
Tick the box next to disable_xdamage
Reconnect to the desktop via VNC and it should refresh the screen fine.


Looks like this bug: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=110916#c5

There is a workaround also until the patch hits Canonical's repositories. If you don't need hdmi audio output just drop

snd_hda_intel.probe_mask=0x01

to kernel boot params. Works for me.


Is your external HDD set to bootable( has boot flag ) ?
 You can check it via command below as root(or use sudo):

fdisk -l /dev/sdx

Replace x with your HDD letter.

Column Boot should be set for the linux root partition.
If it is set to boot, check if grub is installed. You can install grub (on ubuntu) via command:

sudo apt-get install grub-install

Follow this link for clear instructions to install grub.

You could run these commands by booting linux live USB.

P.S.  Use below command to toggle boot flag for partition Y on disk X. In your case if partition is sdc7, then X -> c and Y -> 7

sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
t #Enter command t for toggle
Partition number (1-8): 7


To use the PAM time module edit /etc/security/time.conf with your desired access limitations. The line below restricts USERNAME to system access 7am to 10pm, everyday of the week.

*;*;USERNAME;Al0700-2200

Now you need to enable the time module in the service that controls system logins.

To enable the time module in lightdm edit /etc/pam.d/lightdm to include:

account required pam_time.so

You can also add that line to /etc/pam.d/gdm if you use gdm instead of lightdm

To enable the time restrictions across all service edit /etc/pam.d/login.

You should find: # account required pam_time.so.

Remove the comment mark to enable it.


Based on this, I would suggest:

sudo mousepad /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf

add the following at the end: options snd-intel8x0 index=0
Comment out other lines (with #) mentioning snd-intel8x0 if present.
Then, do the following:

sudo amixer set Master 90% unmute
sudo amixer set PCM 90% unmute
sudo alsactl store


How do you limit root partition disk access to allow drive to go into standby mode?

hdparm lets you set the spindown time for a drive (how long period of inactivity
before the disk goes to standby mode) or put it in standby or to sleep.

# set spindown time for sda drive to 1 min
sudo hdparm -S 12 /dev/sda
# set sdb drive to standby mode
sudo hdparm -y /dev/sdb
# put sdc drive to sleep
sudo hdparm -Y /dev/sdc
# check drive state (active/standby/sleeping)
sudo hdpam -C /dev/sdc

/etc/hdparm.conf contains hdparm commands to run automatically at bootup. Here's a snippet from mine:

/dev/sda {
  # apm 127: Highest performance that allows spindown
  apm = 127
  # spindown 120 = 10 min
  spindown_time = 120
}

Not all commands work on all hard drive models, you need to experiment.

laptop-mode works for non-laptops too, it is meant to let the disk(s) sleep as much as possible.

PowerTOP is a utility for tracking down unnecessary background activity.

lesswatts.org has a number of tips on harddrive spindown.

write-back timeout: To the best of my knowledge it is not possible to have the primary disk go idle without a) increasing the write-back timeout and b) disabling syslog sync.

A workaround could perhaps be to have an SSD as the root disk, as they are fairly low on power anyway?

tracking activity: It is possible to debug where disk access is coming from according to the laptop-mode FAQ - see 5 Spinup Debugging.

Quote:

  My disk spins up all the time and I
  have no clue what causes this. Can I
  debug this?

  Yes, you can. But first,
  check that you have modified your
  syslog.conf to not sync, as described
  in the last question of the previous
  section. To debug disk activity, you
  can do:

  echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/block_dump

  (Warning: you must disable syslogd before you do this,
  or you must make
  sure that kernel output is not logged.
  If you forget this, your system may
  get into a feedback loop, where
  syslogd causes disk activity, this
  causes kernel output, and this causes
  syslogd to do more disk activity,
  etcetera!)

  This enables file/disk activity
  debugging in the kernel. You can read
  the output using dmesg. When you're
  done, disable block dump using

  echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/block_dump

disabling syslogd sync: The laptop-mode FAQ and lesswatts.org refer to /etc/syslog.conf.

In recent Ubuntu this file does not exist, instead look for /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf.

The syntax is the same - prepend every log file with a dash, like this:

kern.*              -/var/log/kern.log

This turns off syncing for the syslog deamon, meaning that the logs will be written to disk at dirty_writeback_centisecs intervals (every 5 sec by default) instead of every time there is new log entry.


Cursor changes its position to any random position itself while typing

I've had a similar experience on my Dell Vostro laptop, it turns out my touchpad was set to be so sensitive, even just my palm floating a millimetre above it would trigger a click-action. The solution for me was to reduce the sensitivity of the touchpad, but I'm not sure that works on all machines though. Funny thing is, I had the same problem in Ubuntu 11.04 and Windows 7 64-bit and it was very frustrating indeed.

A work-around might be to use a USB mouse (with the touchpad disabled completely, in the BIOS), just to see if it resolves the problem. That way, you can be sure of where the problem is. Once you know it's the touchpad, you can see if tweaking the settings solves the problem.


We don't have any plans to work on a WebOS client, but we'll happily support any community effort to do so, our APIs have been published: https://one.ubuntu.com/developer/


how can i upgrade and fix the ubuntu i have now?

http://www.ubuntu.com/download?_ga=1.140316400.230636145.1461620304

^^ You can easily update to the next version of Ubuntu here ^^ (the most recent is 16.04)

If you still have your previous live disc or usb depending on what you used, you can simply renew your system and drivers up to what the live disc has without losing data. (the last option is or if some functions are not working properly)

Hope this helped!


Can't display both projector and built in display simultaneously

Check the details for the Graphics Chipset. I have a Dell Latitude with the same problem due to a hardware restriction.


Why apt-get does not ask permission to continue before installing small packages?

apt does not ask for confirmation depending upon the size, but the importance of the process that will take place. One of the instances is when packages are going to be installed that you didn't ask for. apt will also ask for confirmation when:

Installing packages that you didn't specifically want to install
Removal of essential packages
Changing a held package (a held package is one you want to keep in the version currently installed)

If you don't want the confirmation, you can override it with one of the following:

-y
-yes
--assume-yes

However, prompts for "essential packages" will still be displayed for safety reasons.

What are "Essential packages":

  Essential is defined as the minimal set of functionality that must be available and usable on the system at all times, even when packages are in an unconfigured (but unpacked) state.

Source: Similar question on superuser.com


VSFTPD configuration problems with 12.04

In vsftpd.conf

Make the following change :
pam_service_name=ftp

Save your change and restart the ftp server.


Unable to login after upgrading to 19.10 from 19.04

I had automatic login enabled. I just updated this file:
/etc/gdm/custom.conf

and commented out these lines:

AutomaticLoginEnable=True
AutomaticLogin=username

After this I am able to login. Is this a bug?


How to use custom icon in an appindicator?

I had a quick look at the documentation, have you set icon-theme-path to point to the icon's installed location?


How do I stop Ubuntu from intercepting the super key when running VMware?

Pressing the Super key invokes the Unity Dash.

Pressing and holding the Super key invokes the keyboard shortcut overlay.

I suspect you are doing the later, based on your description.

Nevertheless, you could change the key used to invoke the Unity Dash using Unity Tweak Tool.  This way, VMware will get your key-press signal immediately, when you press Super.

Install Unity Tweak Tool

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

Launch Unity Tewak Tool.
In the Unity section, select Additional.
Click on <Super> next to Show the launcher.
Select a different key (or key-combination) to invoke the launcher.


The use of paths in a .desktop file

In a .desktop file, you need to use absolute and full paths. Therefore ~ is not expanded.

This is a commonly made mistake :)

Exceptions concerning icons are a.o. described here:

  Icon to display in file manager, menus, etc. If the name is an
  absolute path, the given file will be used. If the name is not an
  absolute path, the algorithm described in the Icon Theme
  Specification will be used to locate the icon.

and here:

  Icon field is the icon that should be used by the launcher and
  represents the application. All icons that are under the directory
  /usr/share/pixmaps don't need to have their full path specified, but
  their filename without the extension. For example, if the icon file is
  /usr/share/pixmaps/wallch.png, then the Icon field should be just
  'wallch'. All other icons should have their full path
  specified.

More information

In a .desktop file:

In the Icon= line, you are allowed to use spaces:

Icon=/home/jacob/Thema/icon/some folder/some icon.png

is fine.

However

In the Exec= line, you are not allowed to use spaces, unless in case of an argument. In all other cases, you need to quote the path steps with a space:

Exec=/home/jacob/Bureaublad/some folder/application

will fail, while

Exec="/home/jacob/Bureaublad/some folder/application"

or

Exec=/home/jacob/Bureaublad/"some folder"/application

will work fine


Ubuntu 12.04 running very slowly on vmware with w7 host

Install old style gnome :)

1) Open a terminal
2) Type: sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback
3) Type your password
4) Type Y when prompt
5) Reboot and select desktop environment before logging in (to select another desktop environment before logging in there is a little UBUNTU icon on the top right side of the login box. Push it!)
6) Login and enjoy gnome :)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Delete old compressed log files

sudo rm -v /var/log/*.gz


Unable to locate package while installing software

You need to first update your packages list using

sudo apt-get update

so that apt knows from where it should download packages and then enter your password and then

sudo apt-get install <pacakge_name>


How to make applications pinned in launcher appear for all users?

To make appear applications pinned in launcher for newly created users you can change default settings schema by setting up a new override:

Create file /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/10_local-unity-launcher.gschema.override and insert the following code (.desktop files are stored under /usr/share/applications/):

[com.canonical.Unity.Launcher]
favorites=['pinned-application1.desktop', 'pinned-application2.desktop']

You have to insert all pinned applications. See /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/com.canonical.Unity.gschema.xml for default values by searching settings schema and key:

        <schema path="/desktop/unity/launcher/" id="com.canonical.Unity.Launcher" gettext-domain="unity">
    <key type="as" name="favorites">
      <default>DEFAULT_VALUES</default>

Then recompile schemas file /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/gschemas.compiled (which is used by gsettings):

sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/


File Sharing between Ubuntu machines fails: permission denied

I had same issue. The problem disappeared only when I removed whole [public] section from smb.config. I still don't know the cause, since the path in [public] was valid and the folder was accessible with proper permissions.


Ran "software update", and wireless is gone

Your problem looks similar to mine, and I think the new kernel and broadcom drivers are the connection.  I ran

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo modprobe wl

which I found here -
Wireless does not work anymore after software update with Ubuntu 12.10 on a Dell Latitude E6230

and it worked for me on my Acer Laptop.


How can an xinput command be run automatically when the system is started in Ubuntu 18.04?

Use cron
Edit /etc/crontab by using the command: sudo gedit /etc/crontab and add the following line to the bottom of the file:

@reboot     root   <your command>


From https://www.kernel.org/doc/pending/hotplug.txt we can read:

... Linux provides two interfaces to hotplug; the kernel can spawn a usermode
helper process, or it can send a message to an existing daemon listening to a
netlink socket.

and:

It's possible to disable the usermode helper hotplug mechanism
(by writing an empty string into /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug)...

So, if your /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug is empty that means you/ubuntu are not using the 'usermode helper hotplug mechanism'.

Instead udev, as the "successor" of the old 'usermode helper hotplug mechanism', listens on a netlink socket and gets notified by the kernel about hotplug events.

I hope this helps.


Ubuntu kernel bump release and build kernel

Go with a .50ubuntu1is49 like I have seen some packages named in Ubuntu. This should get you on top of it until the next release anyways or you may want to go with even higher than 50 to have your version always installed and chosen as the highest. You apparently do not care to run a stock kernel so why let one even attempt to install.


This is a kernel bug. There are two workarounds. The first is to boot with acpi=off as described in the question. The second is to boot with a Natty kernel. This is much better, though it seems to make LibreOffice a bit crashy.


How do I create a video DVD from vob files?

You can do it via command-line :

Create a Folder called dvd.
Create two folders in that directory called :

VIDEO_TS subdirectory.
AUDIO_TS subdirectory.

copy the vob. and ifo. files to VIDEO_TS.

Using mkisofs to create a DVD video ISO image

  mkisofs -dvd-video -o dvdimage.iso
  dvd/

Note: dvd/ is the directory that contains the VIDEO_TS subdirectory (and optionally an AUDIO_TS subdirectory).

The mkisofs command made an iso image dvdimage.isoand you can burn with brasero or k3b; the file name specified using the -o option. And the option -dvd-video was used to ensure that the ISO image has a DVD-Video compliant UDF file system. For more information, see: mkisofs --help

Note : IMPORTANT READ CAREFULLY

if you get this error :

INFO: no default video format, must explicitly specify NTSC or PAL
INFO: dvdauthor creating table of contents
INFO: Scanning DVD/VIDEO_TS/VTS_01_0.IFO
ERR: no video format specified for VMGM

it seems you now need the environment variable VIDEO_FORMAT set to PAL or NTSC, so try :

export VIDEO_FORMAT=NTSC or
export VIDEO_FORMAT=PAL

if you get this error :

genisoimage: No such file or directory. Failed to open VIDEO_TS.IFO
genisoimage: Can't open VMG info for 'dvd/'.
genisoimage: Unable to parse DVD-Video structures.
genisoimage: Could not find correct 'VIDEO_TS' directory.
genisoimage: Unable to make a DVD-Video image.
- VIDEO_TS subdirectory was not found on specified location
- VIDEO_TS has invalid contents

The way I read these messages, it's not a genisoimage error, it's about
a missing in file named VIDEO_TS.IFO in which genisoimage expects to
find some data it calls "VMG info". VIDEO_TS.IFO is your information file for
your menu (are configuration files with information about how to play exactly all
video and audio content of DVD (including menus, subtitles, aspect ratio, languages etc.) , I'd guess it expects that file along with your VOB file, check your
VIDEO_TS subdirectory or your directory sources to try to find that files.

The DVD (Video) file structure

The IFO file type is primarily associated with 'DVD Info File'. An info file associated with a .VRO video file. The .VRO file contains the video stream and the .IFO file contains various scene and timing information. This is different from a .VOB file where that information is included in the file. Several manufacturers use .VRO/.IFO files. If present, the file VIDEO_TS.IFO consists of control and playback information for the entire DVD. VIDEO_TS.IFO is known as VMGI (The Video Manager Information file). This file is required to be present on a DVD-compliant disc.

VIDEO_TS.BUP is a backup of the VIDEO_TS.IFO check if you have it and make a copy.

Tyìcaly DVD Structure


This may probably not be the right place for hardware recommendations but your issue is a bit different to what an average desktop user is faced with.
In general all graphic cards need a driver to work with Ubuntu but not all drivers can come with a default Ubuntu installation because they are not Open Source. Another general rule is that brand new very high end graphic cards may not yet be fully supported, have issues, or need untested, bleeding edge drivers. Very old low end cards may not have a sufficient 3D power to run the Ubuntu Unity desktop.
Intel
Intel graphics is fully supported because the manufacturer provides Open Source drivers for all features. Alas there are no discrete graphic cards with Intel chips available, as the GPU was mostly already integrated.
Nvidia
As you already fopund out newer Nvidia cards may not yet be supported at all by the Open Source nouveau driver. Therefore we will not easily be able to install Ubuntu. Older cards or low end cards will work, but as compared to the radeon driver the nouveau driver still lacks a full support of all features. It may suffice to install Ubuntu but do not expect a fast desktop experience without installing the proprietary Nvidia drivers. Here is a list of supported cards and features.
AMD
Other than Intel the Open Source radeon driver is quite advanced and fully supports older or low end graphic cards making them fully capable of running Unity. An incomplete list of fully supported AMD cards is maintained on the Ubuntu Community Wiki. This list can be useful when buying a second hand card to plug in for just installing. From the currently available low end spectrum starting with the CEDAR Radeon 5450 we don't expect any issues. These cards should be fully supported by the Open Source driver supplied with the Ubuntu installation DVD and it should run out of the box.
Additional note
There will be no issues using the open source drivers radeon or nvidia when switching then graphic card brand but it is not recommended to have proprietary drivers for both, AMD and NVidia running at the same time. Therefore in case you plan to keep a proprietary driver it may be easier to stay with the same brand.


incremental backup tool that can handle interruptions?

Rsync  / Grsync
The command line file transfer utility Rsync and its GUI Grsync is designed for file transfers via a network connection but can also nicely used for local backup purposes. Due to its provenience from networking it is capable of performing backups with a resume option by using the option --partial or -P:

--partial By  default, rsync will delete any partially transferred file if        the transfer is interrupted. In some circumstances  it  is  more desirable   to  keep  partially  transferred  files.  Using  the --partial option tells rsync to  keep  the  partial  file  which should  make  a subsequent transfer of the rest of the file much faster Manpage rsync

We are also able to define a directory where rsync will store partially transferred files until transfer was complete with the option --partial-dir=<DIR>.
An example command for a partial incremental upgrade would be something like:
rsync -auxP <source> <destination>

But: by all means do not unplug an external USB drive while running a backup as this puts the integrity of your whole filesystem at risk. Do not trust a backup on  a temporarily unplugged drive!


Google Chrome : unable to find expected entry 'main/source/Sources' in Release file

In most of all cases the software sources are not configured correctly - sometimes there are double or wrong entries, so check the /etc/apt/sources.list file and remove any Google entry that may exist. Open a terminal and execute : sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Remove all Google lines that might exist and press X and then Y to save the changes.

Check for Google entries in the /etc/apt/sources.list.d folder by executing this command : sudo ls -l /etc/apt/sources.list.d and delete every Google related.list file. Example
to remove google-chrome.list : sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list

Re - add the Google Chrome repository to the software sources and update the repositories :

echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt update

Now you are able to install Google Chrome or upgrade an existing Google Chrome installation.
Upgrade by : sudo apt upgrade or install it with : sudo apt install google-chrome-stable


Create BTRFS snapshots of /home when its not set up as a subvolume

You can't make a snapshot of a directory, but only a subvolume.
But it is quite easy to convert /home directory to a separate snapshot.
Let's say your / is /dev/sda2.
Create a backup of your system first in case you make a mistake!
To convert your /home to a subvolume boot from a LiveUSB and do this:
sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo btrfs sub create /mnt/@
sudo btrfs sub create /mnt/@home
sudo mv /home /mnt/@home
sudo mv / /mnt/@

Now you moved your / to the @ subvolume and /home to @home subvolume.
Now you need to edit /mnt/etc/fstab and add mount options to mount the volumes properly. Add subvol=@ to the line where the / is mounted. And create a similar line for /home like this:
UUID=3a994a01-9d92-4e67-8440-284ce24465f8 /               btrfs subvol=@ 0       0
UUID=3a994a01-9d92-4e67-8440-284ce24465f8 /home           btrfs subvol=@home 0       0

The last thing is to chroot to the system and update grub:
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys  /mnt/sys
sudo chroot /mnt
sudo update-grub
exit
sudo umount /mnt

If you made everything right and I didn't make a mistake, you should reboot to a working system.


How to resolve broken packages after upgrading to Ubuntu 16.04

I had another error which I did not post here and it appeared to be the one causing all these issues.

insserv: There is a loop between service monit and sshd-monit if stopped

I deleted /etc/init.d/sshd-monit and the problem was solved.


How do I resume an upgrade after pressing d for details in terminal?

Looks like a less session. Just press Q to exit and resume.


Is Ubuntu One getting a new logo to coincide with the new(ish) branding?


High battery discharge rate on Ubuntu 17.04

It helps to disable the Nvidia gpu, there are many tutorials for this if you search for them.  I usually idle around 5 watts with the xps 9560 i7.


desktop launcher is not successfully setting environment

If you want to export variables into the script's environment from an external script, then you need to source the script.

#!/bin/bash
. /path/to/environment/setup/script.sh
matlab -desktop


The easy option is just to boot from the live usb, install boot-repair from the software center, then run it.


How can I find the files for installed programs

Most Linux systems use packages which are managed by the system using a package manager tool like apt

You can get a list of all packages installed by running this command:

apt list --installed

This may list out a lot of packages, including libraries and stuff. You can try this command instead to list out packages you probably installed yourself:

apt-mark showmanual

Then anytime you want to re-install those packages you can take the list of packages and run a command like this:

 sudo apt install $(cat my_packages.txt)


will ubuntu automatically manage fan speed based on heat like windows

The ACPI spec provides mechanisms for the firmware to describe to the OS how to control the fan speed and measure the temperature, and at what temperature it should change the fan speed, allowing the OS to tweak things as it chooses.  Unfortunately, no vendors that I have seen follow the spec, and instead of leaving control to the OS, they just manage the fan speed with dedicated hardware controllers that lie outside the knowledge of the OS.


Differences between cloning an installation and doing a fresh installation

There are advantages and disadvantages of both cloning and a fresh install.

If a computer is running fine, there is no need to go to all the trouble of installing everything on new ones, you can just clone.

Cloning: Is a Fast, Easy Way to Set Up Multiple Computers.  Disadvantages of cloning, Propagating Existing Issues, Hardware Incompatibility Issues.  The advantages are, Extremely Short Downtime, and Simplicity.

Fresh install gives you a clean copy of the operating system, and gives you control over how to partition the drive.  Also you will have to install any software applications that you may need, and that can take a long time.

Now, if you are using an SSD You should install fresh to make sure you get all of the benefits of the SSD.

On a personal note, I would choose a fresh install over cloning, just because I have control of what gets installed.


Is it better to compile from source or to install from a .deb package?

The advantage of compiling from source is that you can compile packages with certain flags/options which may be missing/disabled in stock-standard Ubuntu packages. Also, it makes it easy to have multiple versions of the same program installed. Also, you can choose an exact version of a package which may be already removed from or not yet present in Ubuntu repositories (example: I have several versions of Python 2.4.x in my /opt/ directory as I need it to run some older software).

The disadvantage of compiling from source is that, unless you build a .deb and then install it, the normal "./configure; make; sudo make install" procedure keeps Ubuntu's package manager completely unaware of the changes you're making, so you're not going to get any updates for the manually-compiled software; and it's possible that package manager will later override/break your package if you're not careful to install it in a separate location.

In short: Always consider installing from standard Ubuntu repositories first, next consider installing a .deb; only compile from sources if you know exactly why you need to do this.


Permissions of /boot/grub/menu according to security tool "tiger"

Executive Summary:

You should change the file permission to be 600

chmod 600 /boot/grub/menu.lst

You might want to do the same for /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Detailed Answer:

This issue was reported here a long time ago

tiger emits these two notices:
# --WARN-- [boot02] The configuration file /boot/grub/menu.lst has group permissions. Should be 0600
# --FAIL-- [boot02] The configuration file /boot/grub/menu.lst has world permissions. Should be 0600

  I see no reason to worry about it having root group access. This should be fixed in tiger.

  menu.lst should not be world-readable to protect the (optional) password hash there-in from dictionary cracking attempts. This should be fixed in grub.

According to the link in launchpad grub2 was fixed.


What do the last two fields in fstab mean?

Copy/paste from man fstab:

  The fifth field, (fs_freq),  is  used  for  these  filesystems  by  the
  dump(8)  command  to determine which filesystems need to be dumped.
  If the fifth field is not present, a value of zero is  returned  and
  dump will assume that the filesystem does not need to be dumped.

  The  sixth field, (fs_passno), is used by the fsck(8) program to determine
  the order in which filesystem checks are done at reboot
  time.  The root  filesystem  should  be specified with a fs_passno of 1, and
  other filesystems should have a fs_passno of 2.  Filesystems within  a
  drive will  be checked sequentially, but filesystems on different drives
  will be checked at the same time to utilize  parallelism  available  in
  the hardware.   If  the sixth field is not present or zero, a value of
  zero is returned and fsck will assume that the filesystem does not
  need to be checked.


Can't install Ubuntu 16.04 from bootable USB (dual boot)

You didn't indicate what machine you're using. On some machines, within the BIOS, there are two places to change boot order. Make sure all of those settings are correct.

Also, if you have more than one USP port, you cant try a different one.


Having trouble with files requiring root access

Just rename the file to remove the last 3:

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.0.list{3,}

this will strip off the last 3 from file name /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.0.list3.

On the other hand, if you do not want the repository(ies) from that file from being included in apt,  give it a .bak extension:

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.0.list{3,.bak}


Ubuntu 16.04, how to use ATI graphics card instead of Intel?

ATI proprietary drivers will not be available for 16.04. You can use the open source driver (included in Ubuntu). Problem is open source drivers are far from stable or productive as the proprietary Catalyst at this point. There will be a setback in performance for the time being. We can only hope for better drivers soon.
So to answer the question: You ARE currently using your ATI.
To be sure put this into terminal:
lspci -nnk | grep -i vga -A3 | grep 'in use'

for example the output can be
if the open source Radeon driver is used:

Kernel driver in use: radeon

if the proprietary Fglrx driver(not available in 16.04) is used:

Kernel driver in use: fglrx_pci


Boot Ubuntu from USB flash drive as if it was installed on hard drive

Full Install to USB - BIOS/UEFI

If you would like your USB drive to be able to boot from multiple computers, both BIOS and UEFI:

Use mkusb to make a Live system on the Installer USB (2GB or larger).
Use mkusb to make a Persistent system on the Target USB, 16GB or larger, using default settings with ~12GB persistence, (remaining NTFS partition is used as Windows accessible data partition).

Open GParted and delete sdx4, the ISO9660 partition and expand sdx5 into the recovered space, sdx being the device name of the Target drive.

Unplug or remove HDD before proceeding further, (optional but recommended, highly recommended in UEFI mode).
Boot Installer drive, select Try.
Insert Target drive

Start Install Ubuntu...

Select Something else.
Select sdx5, (on the target drive), and click Change.

Select Use as: ext4, Format and Mount point: /.

Don't touch any other partitions (unless adding a /home partition).

Select sdx5 as Device for boot loader installation.
Complete installation.
Cut grub.cfg from sdx5/boot/grub and paste to sdx3/boot/grub, overwriting the existing grub.cfg file.
Boot the target drive and run sudo update-grub to add all drives to boot menu.


Facebook Messenger notification sound doesn't work

seems to be your system event sounds are off. install Ubuntu tweak tool and then open it. Then at tweak tab you can find sounds like this from there you can manage


According to this wiki page:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HardwareSupportComponentsWirelessNetworkCardsDlink

There are 2 kinds of D-Link DWL-G250's. Since yours isn't working I'm going to assume it's the ath5k based one.

  Works out of the box in Karmic, Precise. Does not work if prism54 is blacklisted in /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

So what you need to do is open this file by doing this in a terminal:

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

it will then prompt you for your password. Find the line that says:

blacklist prism54

and then put a # in front of it so it says:

#blacklist prism54

Then save the file and reboot. That should make the card work. If it didn't please update your question with what happens. It would also help to know the exact model # and/or to provide the output of the command below (run in a terminal):

lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net


Local users can see other files but can't edit them, how to make them edit too?

Modify folder attributes to 2770

sudo chmod 2770 folder

Modify folder ownership to user james and group compartido

sudo chown james:compartido folder

This will create files in folder with read/ rights for user who creates file and read / write rights for group compartido.


How do I make Thunderbird's reply format look like Outlook's?

This is fairly easy to do with Thunderbird 14.0, using the SmartTemplate and ReFwdFormatter extensions.

1. Install SmartTemplate and ReFwdFormatter

Start Thunderbird, go to Tools...Add-ons
Search for smarttemplate and install:

Search for refwd and install:

Restart Thunderbird to activate the extensions.

2. Configure ReFwdFormatter to remove the quote vertical bar

Go to Tools...Add-ons and select the Extensions option in the left sidebar.
Click on the Preferences button for ReFwdFormatter:

Make sure all the choices you need are selected, and close.

3. Configure SmartTemplate to reply like Outlook

Go to Tools...Add-ons and select the Extensions option in the left sidebar.
Click on the Preferences button for SmartTemplate
In the "SmartTemplate Settings" window, click on the Reply tab:

Set up the checkboxes as above, and paste this basic Outlook reply template in the text box:

From: %from%
Sent: %X:=sent% %A%, %B% %d%, %Y% %l%:%M%%p(3)%
[[To: %to%]][[
Cc: %cc%]]
Subject: %subject%

To see what the fields mean and a list of all available fields, click on the Help button to expand the window with this useful section (or see list on website):

You should also paste the same template in the Forward tab, with the same settings.

4. Demo:

5. Further customization

This requires minimal knowledge of HTML. If you need specific help, please post in the comments below.

Specific customizations for karthick87

Makes horizontal line blue
Makes header font size smaller
Gray highlight/background for headers
Date/time in Outlook format
Only email names displayed in headers, with clickable mailto: links and a tooltip displaying the email address on mouse hover

From: %from(name)%
Sent: %X:=sent% %A%, %B% %d%, %Y% %l%:%M%%p(3)%
[[To: %to(name)%]][[
Cc: %cc(name)%]]
Subject: %subject%


I didn't find one for Google, but there is a Unity lens available for DuckDuckGo (which also is a search engine, with the advantage that it doesn't track you).

To install it type the following commands into your terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:w-vollprecht/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install duckduckgo-len

For other good lenses you can also have a look here: What lenses for Unity are available?


I had the same issue.  It is likely the ownership is wrong for /etc/shadow (See section "gnome-screensaver authentication failure with incorrect /etc/shadow permissions" of this page).

You need to sudo chown root:shadow /etc/shadow then sudo chmod u=r,g=r /etc/shadow See this bug report.

The interesting question is "Why ownership changed?". Because I don't remember changing it.


How do I detect what device an external HDD is mapped to?

There are several ways of dealing with that. To see the attached devices, use sudo fdisk -l. To see where devices are mounted, use mount (before you can use a device, you have to mount it, that is -- attach it to an existing, empty directory which is called "mountpoint").

Even if the device is always conntected to the same USB port, you cannot be sure that it always gets the device. Therefore, use the device ID when mounting:

sudo blkid

This will show you a list of devices along with their UUID's, which determine the devices in a unique manner:

/dev/sda1: UUID="395b2e65-af41-4026-8492-d6f17b08ad8b" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda5: UUID="db9e00d0-afe9-4386-95c1-a11a13324932" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda6: UUID="11842584-3992-47c8-81a8-ac1aa498ce2d" TYPE="ext4"

Instead of /dev/sda1, for example, you can access them then by ls /dev/disk/by-uuid/395b2e65-af41-4026-8492-c6f17b08ad8b, which is maybe more obscure, but better.


How do I scan for Wireless Access Points?

sudo iwlist wlan0 scanning | egrep 'Cell |Encryption|Quality|Last beacon|ESSID' should help.

It's the combination of sudo (run as root, do privileged operations), iwlist wlan0 scanning (produce some output on STDOUT), the pipe symbol "|" (connecting STDOUT of the command(s) to the left to the STDIN of the process on the right), and an egrep command with a "single quoted" (to prevent the shell from interpreting the "|" characters) Regular Expression to filter STDIN. See man bash, man sudo, man iwlist, man egrep, and man re_format for details.

ALWAYS do man whatever (as above) BEFORE you execute a command string from someone else. Self-education is much safer than blind trust.


How can I change gnome terminal font in command line?

I have just found out that I can do this with gconftool-2, e.g. :

 gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default/font --type string "Ubuntu Mono derivative Powerline 11"