dolphin create service menu for all files

the mime type would be

MimeType=all/all

An overview over all files can be found under

/usr/share/mime/

As you can see, its always in the form of XXX/YYY. XXX stands for of the folders inside /usr/share/mime and YYY should be a name of the files inside that folder (without the extension).


wifi card not working on dell latitude D430

latitude D430 uses Broadcom chips, it's the usual problem with these chips
First you need to show the output of lspci -nn as you have to know the exact chip you using, then get ready to use a cable to get connected to your router

Also you may want to check this link

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Broadcom_wireless


udev rule for android not working with go-mtpfs

-1- Be careful when you run an external program as udev execution will be suspended during the external program's execution. Better said, it will wait until the external program exits before proceeding. You can still execute a long winded program but you must "detach" it immediately, by running it in the background. In yr case, yr motoe.sh should probably read:

#!/bin/bash
{
   motoemount.sh
   motoedesktop.sh
} &

which is equivalent to { motoemount.sh; motoedesktop.sh }&, i.e. executing motoedesktop.sh unconditionnally after motoemount.sh has exited.

Note that :

$ motoemount.sh &; motoedesktop.sh

means that motoemount.sh and motoedesktop.sh are executed asynchronously, i.e. motoedesktop.sh starts executing before motoemount.sh even exits.

$ motoemount.sh && motoedesktop.sh

is not the same. In that case, motoedesktop.sh executes ONLY if the exit value of motoemount.sh is "0".

  [....] If I execute motoe.sh from a terminal, it runs correctly

-2- udev does not run external programs on any active terminal, and it does not execute them under the context of a shell. Be sure to ensure your program is marked executable, if it is a shell script ensure it starts with an appropriate shebang (e.g. #!/bin/sh). The environment that udev sees will not be the same environment you (or whoever $USER) is gets on the console. So specify absolute paths for all your commands:

motoemount.sh  -> /path/to/motoemount.sh
motoedesktop.sh  -> /path/to/motoedesktop.sh
go-mtpfs -> ...
gmessage -> ...
rdesktop -> ...
umount  -> /bin/umount

In order to find a path for system cmds (such as umount) you can use the cmd which [cmd] without brackets, e.g.:

$ which umount
/bin/umount

-3- Verify that yr process has sufficient privileges to unmount /media/MyAndroid/

  [....] If I execute motoe.sh from a terminal, it runs correctly

-4- If you print to screen (not sure you do, as I'm not familiar with gmessage but it looks like you do), make sure your DISPLAY environment variable is set (known to udev) and exported (passed on to sub-shells). Otherwise do not expect any standard output to appear on your terminal. For an example see this, in particular the # set DISPLAY section.


Can I repair Windows 8.1 boot from Ubuntu? (did not install Ubuntu)

I will say the same things:
Backup your data ASAP...

I have repaired a lot of Windows Installation using Disk-Repair boot in USB key available in Sourceforge (https://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/).
But the only time I had the information "DISK IS LIKELY TO FAIL SOON", well the disk die soon after...

Just in case the repair succeed, don't forget to do a scandisk to check your disk cluster...


I maybe have 2 versions of Firefox, and i want to get rid of one of them

If you still have this problem I found that Firefox works with profiles, you can list them by using:
firefox --profilemanager

I've removed all the profiles. Next time I opened Firefox this profile manager was prompted to me. So I created a new one and that solved it. No more duplicated instances of Firefox.


VirtualBox on Ubuntu 19.10 shows no VM-icon in dock

The workaround is to move window to another workspace.

This bug and the workaround is posted here: https://www.virtualbox.org/ticket/18705


How do I screen-capture an inactive window?

You can do something similar with shutter.

However, it doesn't appear to be exactly what you're looking for (sadly), but it's the closest I could find.

Install Shutter. Run sudo apt-get install shutter in your terminal.
Select the applet in your menubar like shown below.
Now, you can select the window that you want to have the screenshot taken of, and click on it's menu item.
Now, Shutter will bring that window to the focus and take a screenshot.


libGL error: failed to load driver: i965

Solution
I tried to solve it installing ia32-libs but i get this errors:

 sudo apt-get install ia32-libs Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done ia32-libs is already the newest version. You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies: fglrx-amdcccle-updates : Depends: fglrx-updates E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

Then i tried apt-get -f install but still getting cache errors, so I deleted the cache files, then I can install the dependecies but installation failed. The log says that there was missing files in ATI folder so i tried to reinstall it again. Now i used a force method using:

sudo /usr/share/ati/amd-uninstall.sh --force

Finally I could reinstall again using this method and now fglrxinfosays that everything is correct (i think at least :P):

display: :0.0  screen: 0
OpenGL vendor string: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
OpenGL renderer string: AMD Radeon HD 6700M Series
OpenGL version string: 4.2.12171 Compatibility Profile Context 12.10.17

Thanks Rinzwind for the help !


How can I make xfce4-volumed keep giving notifications in Lubuntu?

I solved this by installing the XFCE-popups. You can read about how to make it work here.

The only difference between those instructions and "ours" is that we no longer have notify-osd in Lubuntu 12.04. It has been replaced by the notification-daemon. There are two ways you can get rid of the compatibility issues:

sudo apt-get remove notification-daemon
delete the notification-daemon autostart file from /etc/xdg/autostart/.

Reboot. Enjoy.


Try copying the image to disk again and try once more. Try a different port and usb drive to help rule out those as issues. Also please let us know of the method in which you are imaging the drive with the Ubuntu ISO.


how can I change user permission settings for an application

From man chmod

  chmod  never  changes the permissions of symbolic links; the chmod system call cannot change their permissions.  This is not a problem since the permissions of symbolic links are never used.  However,  for
         each  symbolic  link  listed on the command line, chmod changes the permissions of the pointed-to file.
         In contrast, chmod ignores symbolic links encountered during recursive directory traversals.

Check the permissions of the target instead: ll /usr/share/software-center/software-center.


Ubuntu live world clock app as desktop wallpaper or widget possible?

Conky can be installed using sudo apt install conky-all.
The following is an example of conky running on Xubuntu 18.04.

As background preparation, I created a blank panel at the top of the screen in addition to my actual panel at the bottom.
I then created ~/.config/conky.conf as a plain text file with the following content:
-- vim: ts=4 sw=4 noet ai cindent syntax=lua
--[[
# Conky, a system monitor, based on torsmo
]]

conky.config = {
-- background = false,
default_color = '222222',
double_buffer = true,
draw_shades = false,
extra_newline = false,
font = 'Ubuntu Mono:bold:size=14',
gap_x = 1,
gap_y = 742,
minimum_width = 500,
own_window_class = 'Conky',
own_window_hints = 'undecorated,above,sticky,skip_pager',
own_window_transparent = yes,
own_window_colour = '454545',
own_window_argb_visual = true,
own_window_argb_value = 150,
own_window = true,
own_window_type = 'desktop',
short_units = true,
text_buffer_size = 256,
update_interval = 2.0,
use_spacer = 'right',
use_xft = true
}

conky.text = [[
${time %a %d %b} IST ${time %H:%M} UTC ${utime %H:%M} EST ${tztime America/New_York %H:%M} CAN_YU ${tztime Canada/Yukon %H:%M}
]]
-- info re. time zones in /usr/share/zoneinfo folder

I also added conky to Xubuntu's autostart menu using Menu > Settings > Session and Startup > Application Autostart as shown in the image. Using --pause=30 delays conky from starting immediately by 30s: it is optional but I use it just as a precaution.
While I can use just conky for conky to run using my ~/.config/conky/conky.conf, using conky -c ~/.config/conky/conky.conf has been found effective in J. Doe's case.
Notes about the conky.conf

single lines can be commented out using a leading --
more than one contiguous lines can be commented out using an opening --[[ and a closing ]]
default_color = 222222 is the text color. Conky doesn't use #222222, just 222222.
gap_x = 1 is the distance from the screen's left edge
gap_y = 742 positions the conky window pretty close to the top edge and will need to be adjusted according to your screen's dimensions
minimum_width should be greater than the width occupied by your content
update_interval = 2.0 works for me
the conky.text line specifies your content

time %a %d %b generates the day of the week, the date and the month of your locale as described in man date
the codes after IST, UTC, EST and CAN_YU provide the times for India, universal time, American East Coast time, and Canadian time (in Yukon). Information for other time zones is in the /usr/share/zoneinfo folder

(I can't make the conky background totally transparent!)

If you want to make changes to your conky.conf, open your terminal and run conky. As you edit and save your conky.conf, the conky window will disappear and reappear to reflect the changes.


wrong resolution/refresh rate output after upgade to 13.10

Same problem here with Ubuntu 13.10 and Ubuntu Gnome 13.10.
Nvidia drivers 319 and 331 series - both same issue.


This will reload your sound drivers
sudo alsa force-reload
Now, reboot.
If this did not work for you, then try reinstalling PulseAudio:
sudo apt install --reinstall alsa-base pulseaudio


The System Requirements for Ubuntu with Unity are

1000 ΜHz processor or equivalent
1024 MiB RAM
5 GB of hard-drive space
3D Acceleration Capable Videocard with at least 256 MB

You computer atually meets also the recommended requirements of

2048 MiB RAM

But unfortunately your video card does not have dedicated memory (and this  in principle would not be a problem, since it uses shared RAM, and you have enough).
Unfortunately for you its maximum shared memory is 128MB, well below the minimum requirements.

I suggest you to use a flavour with less graphical requirements, such as Kubuntu without effects, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, Ubuntu Gnome (Flashback), Ubuntu Mate...


How do apt and developer's package versions correspond?

Back in 2018, version 2.1.5 (at the time) was manually uploaded.  It's possible the developer's website has changed since then.

Why this was version bumped to 2.1.5 independently of a Debian sync is unknown to me, but this 'version' is specifically only in 18.04 Bionic Beaver - later versions of Ubuntu have newer variants as listed on its Launchpad page.

Once an Ubuntu version releases, it is rare to see packages have major version bumps after the fact.  Because of this, 18.04 (which was released in 2018) has the old version of the package.  You will probably want to upgrade to a newer release (20.04 once it's released in a couple months) to get 'newer' software versions.

In this case, it's Debian developers who package it in Debian and it syncs down to Ubuntu during dev cycles.


Launch terminal by Ctrl + Alt + T and type this following to remove light-locker (xubuntu default lockscreen):

sudo apt-get remove light-locker

You may have to update the index :

sudo apt-get update

Reboot the system then


A few services can be disabled to reduce the boot-up time with no effect on the desktop environment functionality in most cases:

Firstly:

POSTFIX appears in your post. If your machine is not a mail server and you do not use POSTFIX you can disable the postfix.service by running the following command in the terminal:

sudo systemctl disable postfix.service

Or you can uninstall POSTFIX all together by running the following command in the terminal:

sudo apt remove postfix

Secondly:

NetworkManager-wait-online.service can be disabled by running the following command in the terminal:

sudo systemctl disable NetworkManager-wait-online.service

Please refer to this answer for more explanation.

Thirdly:

Two services that rely on the functionality of NetworkManager-wait-online.service are networkd-dispatcher.service and systemd-networkd.service. These can be disabled as well by running the following commends in the terminal:

sudo systemctl disable networkd-dispatcher.service

And:

sudo systemctl disable systemd-networkd.service

These two services are used strictly for systemd's connectivity purposes and will not affect the connectivity of the desktop environment after login.


HP Active Pen connection problem on HP EliteBook 830 G7

HP EliteBook 830 G7 does not work with an active pen. The touch screen is of capacitive type and works only with passive pens.


Ubuntu 12.04 hangs on boot, won't mount mdadm array

https://superuser.com/questions/454864/mdadm-ubuntu-12-04-fails-to-assemble-raid6-during-boot
That link gave me the answer I needed.  Since three of the drives are on a peripheral SAS card the drives are not loaded by the time mdadm does it's search for the array.

I added sleep 15 as so:

degraded_arrays()
  {
       sleep 15
       mdadm --misc --scan --detail --test >/dev/null 2>&1
       return $((! $?))
  }

in /usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/mdadm-functions like the link suggests and then updated initramfs and now it boots successfully with the array started and mounted properly.


disable trackpad while typing doesn't work in Ubuntu 14.04

Your touchpad is not correctly detected.

Try THIS SOLUTION first. Then if it does not help, we will look deeper.

You can undo it by removing i8042.nopnp and running

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/i2c-hid.conf
sudo depmod -a
sudo update-initramfs -a
sudo sed -i '/synaptics_i2c/d' /etc/modules
sudo update-grub


This could be because both 10.10 (or 11.04 - not sure which it actually is via your question having both tags) are EOL (End Of Life).

From that page:

  When an Ubuntu release reaches its “end of life” it receives no
  further maintenance updates, including critical security upgrades.

thus explaining your lack of updates.

You need to upgrade to a supported version as soon as possible, as you're currently open to security vulnerabilities that will not be patched.

If you need help doing this, read over this Wiki page and feel free to ask more questions if you need more help beyond what the Wiki can offer.


Installing Ubuntu while dealing with partitions (Windows XP)

Please Notice this action will delete all your files and partitions and you will loose windows XP so please make a  backup of your important files before doing this

You can boot using the ubuntu live installer (either by DVD or USB).
then wait until Ubuntu Live loads up.

Run Gparted, then right click on the partitions and click delete.
repeat this steps for all partitions that is not needed. (in your case I think there will be two partitions: 1- your main C drive and another is the unknown 3GB)

once you have completed this click on apply changes.
wait for a while.
and then install Ubuntu by clicking on the installer on the top left of the screen. (Assuming you want to use 13.10)

if you want to have a dual boot system then the story is different (Slightly different):
you can follow this tutorial for dual booting:
https://sites.google.com/site/easylinuxtipsproject/installation


Normally, each frame has its own minibuffer window at the bottom, which is used whenever that frame is selected. If the frame has a minibuffer, you can get it with minibuffer-window.

Well, apparently there's a way. Creating a dedicated minibuffer frame using the oneonone. This method didn't work how I was expecting on Emacs 24 where I tried as the 1on1-emacs. You need to load hexrgb.el first, otherwise it will not work. This is how it's shown:

As can be seen, it opens a new frame for completions, and for the minibuffer. I haven't figured out why when I switch to the minibuffer it doesn't change the scope to the minibuffer frame and instead tries to reuse the one that I have below. Maybe I'm not using the correct libraries but at least is the start.

Then I used instead a new minibuffer window. The usability of the new minibuffer window was rather null, since I had two minibuffers (and haven't found a way to remove the original) and the auto-completition was done in the main frame instead of the minibuffer frame.

This is the farest I went:

(setq default-minibuffer-frame
      (make-frame
       '((name . "minibuffer")
         (width . 20)
         (height . 80)
         (minibuffer . only)
         (top . 0)
         (right . 0)
         )))
(setq-default mode-line-format nil)


Power on does not work when display is closed

Open Power settings and change the setting for When the lid is closed to do nothing.


To Learn how to solve this problem just boot from Ubuntu live disk and copy /etc/sudoers file to the installed Ubuntu partition's /etc directory

Anyway this is a default one:

#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of
# directly modifying this file.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#
Defaults    env_reset
Defaults    mail_badpass
Defaults    secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"

# Host alias specification

# User alias specification

# Cmnd alias specification

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives:

#includedir /etc/sudoers.d


Why is my shell slow after a while when I use git aware prompt and run git commands?

You can debug why git is being slow.

There are some ways to improve git performance:

Enable git parallel index preload. git config --global core.preloadindex true
Minimize the number of files in .git folder. git config --global gc.auto 256
Run git garbage collector git gc.
Remove untracked files git clean -xf. Use git clean -xfn for a dry-run to check that everything is ok.


I don't think Windows 7 can expire, unless it was never properly activated.

Regardless, if you install another OS (such as Ubuntu...you will like it) and you choose to replace your old OS, then it will overwrite your hard drive, effectively wiping everything. Depending on the amount of media to be saved, I suggest buying or borrowing an external hard drive and copying everything to it. Then, when you have Ubuntu up and running, you can copy all the media back to the computer.


How to delete an empty app folder from the Applications view


How to change where Nautilus mounts network drives (Ubuntu 12.04 32-bit)

As far as I can tell, there isn't a way. You can link ~/.gvfs to your home folder(~/shares or /mnt even) if you wanted.


How to install firefox developer edition?

As taliezin answered in https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/203136/how-do-i-run-gui-applications-as-root-by-using-pkexec I tried and worked fine.

It can be done by adding custom actions to policykit.
If you want to run gedit as root with pkexec you have to create new file /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.policykit.gedit.policy for example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC
 "-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN"
 "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/PolicyKit/1/policyconfig.dtd">
<policyconfig>
    <action id="org.freedesktop.policykit.pkexec.gedit">
    <description>Run gedit program</description>
    <message>Authentication is required to run the gedit</message>
    <icon_name>accessories-text-editor</icon_name>
    <defaults>
        <allow_any>auth_admin</allow_any>
        <allow_inactive>auth_admin</allow_inactive>
        <allow_active>auth_admin</allow_active>
    </defaults>
    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path">/usr/bin/gedit</annotate>
    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.allow_gui">true</annotate>
    </action>
</policyconfig>

Finally pkexec gedit should work as expected.

Read the man pkexec which explains it examples.


How to populate configuration files over a lot of servers?

A good way is managing your configuration files in a code repository, saying github.

Every time you change locally, push your change. And in other servers, you just need to pull the changes down.

A lot of people host their dotfiles in github. You can take a look github dotfiles.


Running a live, you might first run an fsck on the partitions containing the  .squash files.
Next, once all the errors will be fixed, you can proceed by overwriting the current .squash with the original copy, if you have it.


How to add the task bar to both displays?

I just found the setting as I was writing this question. The dock settings are located in the appearance settings under the window theme. There is a "Show on" menu. choose all.


I can't `make` OpenCV 3.1 (Ubuntu 18.04)

I haven't fully dug into what's actually happening but basically gcc can't find some of the system header files when building the PCH related code.

The PCH support CMake file (cmake/OpenCVPCHSupport.cmake) uses gcc's -isystem flag to set the directories where header files will be looked for and it looks like the compiler is getting a bit confused with that...

A simple solution that I found was to replace the -isystem with -I. You can make this change with the following command:

sed -i '/_PCH_isystem_prefix/ s/"-isystem"/"-I"/' cmake/OpenCVPCHSupport.cmake

That solves the issue on version 3.1.0, using gcc 6.5.0

See the gcc docs for more info about the difference between these and other similar flags.


Ubuntu 18.04 Xeon E5450 on p43-a7 socket 775 only one core working

Solved. I had to flash new bios and put xeon microcodes for socet 775. If you need details on how to do it, just ask here and i will walk you through.


How do I install ubuntu on a blank hard drive without using dvd or usb?

You can install Ubuntu in several ways into the blank hard drive.

A live (live-only) system. If cloned from the iso file, this system will 'waste' most of the drive space of the hard disk drive, but it can be used in any other computer to install Ubuntu into another drive.
A persistent live system. This system will be portable between computers, you can use the whole drive to save personal files, install program packages. But the kernel of the iso file will be used, it cannot be upgraded. You should avoid general upgrading of all program packages. This system will not be as stable as an installed system.
An installed system like 'any installed system'. Such a system is portable between computers, but not as portable as a live or persistent live system. Avoid installing proprietary drivers (for graphics and wifi) if you can. Otherwise the portability will be limited. This system can be completely updated and upgraded and is as stable as possible.

See this link for more details.

How to do this from any operating system

You can clone a live-only Ubuntu family flavour system directly from the iso file.

In Windows you can use

Win32 Disk Imager

but I am not sure if it will write to an internal drive. If not, you must use another cloning tool or connect your blank hard drive via USB.
In Linux you can use

Disks alias gnome-disks or
mkusb

You can install a persistent live Ubuntu family flavour system directly from any operating system (for example Windows) by cloning a compressed image file according to

Compressed image file with a persistent live system
You can install an installed Ubuntu system directly from any operating system (for example Windows) by cloning a compressed image file according to

help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/UEFI-and-BIOS

Final notes

Please remember to backup everything that you cannot afford to lose before you start on this adventure, because you might damage your drive with Windows by mistake.
I agree with the advice 'everyone keeps saying buy one or gives me directions to use dvd or usb'. This is by far the easiest method unless the computer is very old or damaged, so that you cannot use a DVD disk or USB drive.
But you are welcome to use a blank hard disk. You will learn useful things about computers and operating systems along the way. Good luck :-)


OS selection screen not showing on startup

Edit: Go to this question and follow the installation instructions given there. I recommend installing Ubuntu on your sdb.

After installation, connect both your hard disks first and go into your Ubuntu installed in sdb.

Open a new terminal session ( Ctrl + Alt + T ) and type the following commands :

sudo grub-install /dev/sdb
sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Reboot the system. Windows must have appeared in the grub menu now.


Very High CPU usage on HP dv7 Laptop when IDLE

there has been several questions about this topic. it seems to be a popular problem and there are some solutions for it. check these answers:

Gnome 3 Ati Fan always on
OpenSource ATI driver - Fan running at full speed all the time


To execute a command through xserver of another user need to export two variables:
XAUTHORITY and DISPLAY.

First of all, is what DISPLAY is connected to the user by typing:

w

assuming that the user "username" uses the display "1", and that the script should be run at 23:30, upgrade your crontab, as follows:

30 23 *** export XAUTHORITY=/home/username/.Xauthority && export DISPLAY=:1 && /path/to/script 2> /tmp/error_cron.log

the last part of the line is to save any errors in /tmp/error_cron.log


Location of Gnome Classic (metacity) quicklaunch shortcuts?

I have found the answers!

The configuration is at: org.gnome.gnome-panel.layout.

The objects are at: org.gnome.gnome-panel.layout.objects.

When dragged to the gnome-panel, the original dragged desktop is specified in the configuration.

Execute: killall gnome-panel to propagate changes to said .desktop files.


How to start Ubuntu as boot, without installing?

You can make a Ubuntu USB Installer, and then when the installation program runs just click on "Try ubuntu without install"...this is a guest session...all  you do will be lost when you start the computer again. But you can try everything Ubuntu offers or just take a look what Ubuntu is o looks like. You can install windows and ubuntu together if you want too.

If you dont know how to make a USB installer you can use Rufus program, its free and easy to use...and you can download the ISO from the ubuntu.com page.

Hope it helps


Cron service up but apparently not working

It's good practice to list the full path for anything being called from a cron job, since the environment variables are not always the same as they are for your user.  Additionally, since you are trying to debug things, try writing to the /tmp/ directory instead.   Try the following line:

* * * * * /bin/date >> /tmp/datelog


When to use a preceding slash in path names? (e.g. for the 'cd' command)

There are two ways a path can be specified.

Absolute paths

Absolute paths always start with a /. This means the starting point of the path specification is fixed. No matter where your current location is, an absolute path will always point to the same location. The only exception is when you use a shell shortcut, such as ~, at the start, where the shell will replace ~ with what is usually the absolute path of your home directory. Even though it doesn't look like ~/bin starts with a /, when the shell presents its final form, it will have a leading /.

Relative paths

Relative paths never start with /. Their starting point is the current directory, so where you end up depends on where you start. They may start with any subdirectory. In addition:

You can use . and .. to refer to the current directory and the parent directory. You can also use these within absolute paths, just not at the start (/foo/../bar is the same as /bar, and both are absolute paths, but ../foo is not absolute).
You can use a setting (environment variable) called CDPATH (usually unset), specifically for the cd command. If you add a directory to CDPATH, then you can use a relative path (not starting with . or ..) to it from anywhere with cd.

To summarize:

cd /usr/local/java will always take you to the same spot, as does cd /usr/local/./java.
cd java will take you different places depending on where you are and what CDPATH contains. (Note that only cd should be affected by CDPATH - for other commands, ./java and java should mean the same thing.)
cd ./java will take you to the directory named java within the current directory.
cd ../java will take you to the directory named java within the parent directory.
cd ~/java will always take you to the directory named java in your home directory. In this case, the path is absolute, but because the shell expands the ~ before cd operates on it, different users will end up at different places.


I have heard of people running their system on one drive and their /home directory on another. As long as it's configured correctly and both drives are always available this is a viable thing to do.


By convention, applications produce output on two file descriptors: 1 (stdout) and 2 (stderr).  The pipe feature of the shell redirects the stdout of one process to the stdin of another.  This way, applications can separate out error or status messages from their normal output and still be usable when piping their output.

It seems that the output you want to pipe to zenity is being sent to stderr.  In your second command line, the 2>&1 part says to redirect all output ncftpput sends to stderr to stdout.  This causes it to be piped to zenity.


Ubuntu 19.04 - VMWare kernel modules updater

I had the same problem and I fixed it like this.
Downloaded this link:
https://github.com/mkubecek/vmware-host-modules/archive/w15.0.4-k5.0.tar.gz

Extracted the files.

Then ran these commands from terminal of the folder:

tar -cf vmmon.tar vmmon-only
tar -cf vmnet.tar vmnet-only
sudo cp -v vmmon.tar vmnet.tar /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source/


Using CUBIC how to put a script on the desktop of lubuntu

I didn't remember from where i got the below info.. thanks to google

  The /etc/skel directory contains files and directories used during
  account creation on a unix or linux server by the useradd program.
  The files and directories in /etc/skel are copied into the new user’s
  home directory during account creation.

and below images are self explanatory as these screenshots are actual working pics on Ubuntu 18.04 with Cubic and LUbuntu 18.04 iso


Disks rarely works for me, but Gparted is a great alternative. I know someone has already suggested using Gparted, you tried it, and it failed. I think that's because you didn't create a new partition table first, and I believe your current table is damaged given it's showing up as "loop" so I suggest trying Gparted again; what have you got to loose right. This time create a new partition table, and then a new partition. You will loose any data currently on the drive.

Steps:

In terminal type sudo apt-get install gparted.
Open Gparted from the applications screen.
Select your device from the drop down menu on the far right.
From the top menu click "device", and then choose "create partition table".
From the partition table menu choose a partition table type. [MBR and GPT are the most commonly used. If you aren't sure which to pick then pick MBR. In Gparted MBR is called "msdos".]
The drive should appear as unallocated now. Right click on it and choose "new". Change the desired options and click "add".

[Screenshot of the settings I used: https://copy.com/qvCWZBqdKfRz ]

Click the green checkmark on the top menu, and then click "apply" on the prompt.
Click "close" on the prompt. Your device is now ready for use.

Notes:

Gparted only supports quick formatting.


Test it:

  sudo mount -o remount,rw /dev/sda5


Text editor that updates file without prompting

vim can do that. Just add

set autoread

to your ~/.vimrc. (Also check out the Tail Bundle plugin.)
The autoread setting applies only certain events (which can be determined by checking the help text for timestamp (:h timestamp)). To make vim load files more frequently, there are two decent options:

Define a function which watches for changes.
Set an autocommand such as:

au FocusGained,BufEnter,BufWinEnter,CursorHold,CursorMoved * :checktime

This will reload whenever vim gains focus, you enter the buffer, move a cursor, idle the cursor. It won't change the current cursor position though.

emacs can also do this, if you add to your .emacs:

(global-auto-revert-mode t)

This doesn't watch for changes either, but the following should:

(global-auto-revert-tail-mode t)

This is supposed to work like tail -f, according to the EmacsWiki.

Even if gedit doesn't support this, I'm sure there are plenty of other GUI editors which do.

Sources:

Can vim monitor realtime changes to a file
How to have Emacs auto-refresh all buffers when files have changed on disk?


Upgrade from Intrepid to Lucid, using CDROM

My answer to a similar question applies to you in this case.


Removed a package, its still installed... wine

apt-get says it all:

The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  gnome-exe-thumbnailer icoutils libcapi20-3 libgif4 libmpg123-0
  libnss-winbind libodbc1 libopenal-data libopenal1 libpam-winbind odbcinst
  odbcinst1debian2 ttf-droid ttf-umefont ttf-unfonts-core unixodbc winbind
  wine-gecko1.4 wine1.4 wine1.4-common wine1.4-i386
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.

Run sudo apt-get autoremove. Package wine1.4-i386, which holds the wine executable,  will be removed.


How do I fix my broken packages for 13.10

Run the next commands on the terminal and cross your fingers:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get update


It turns out the issue no longer exists if RPi.GPIO (and gpiozero) is installed via pip3. More details in my bug report.


Mozilla Firefox suddenly not visible and freezes PC

Try opening Firefox in safe mode.
Open a terminal and type
firefox -safe-mode

Make sure you have closed all instances of Firefox before running this command.
If it runs successfully, create a Firefox Account from which you can recreate your bookmarks which will be available to you on any future logins.
For reference, Firefox stores your Bookmarks, Passwords and other data in the hidden directory .mozilla so may still be accessible without even opening FF.
See this reference for more information about where to find the files.
Having saved the files to a new safe location, it will be open to you to re-install FF to resolve any issues.

Is there a way for me to recover this, and also to get Firefox to work
without re-installing it?

The sensible thing may well be to preserve what you can now since there may be an inevitability that Firefox (or perhaps more) will need to be re-installed to restore your installation to good health but creation of a Firefox account at any stage in this or after this processs will save you much trouble later on.


Will 'apt-file update' download files of large size?

Depending on what packages sources you are using you should expect at least 30 - 40 MByte to be used.

If you run apt-file update as normal user instead of root the files will be downloaded into $HOME/.cache/apt-file/. Of course in that case you need to run apt-file search as that user, too.

You can use apt-file purge to delete the files downloaded by apt-file update.

If you just need it once it may be easier to use Search the contents of packages at http://packages.ubuntu.com/


mysql 5.7 unable to log in after installation

Thanks to George Udosen for pointing me to the answer:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39281594/error-1698-28000-access-denied-for-user-rootlocalhost

I used the first solution since this is a local database and doesn't have to be secure.

However, I did discover that I hadn't set a password even though I thought I had, via mysql_secure_installation.  So I could only get into mysql using

mysql -u root

and not by using:

mysql -u root -p

Having got that far, I installed mysql Workbench and set a password there.  It now all works as it should.

Thanks to all, especially George.

Another one down.


Recover from an interrupted 10.04 to 10.10 upgrade?

Try issuing sudo dpkg --configure -a from a shell prompt.

If you can't boot normally, try selecting a recovery or earlier kernel from the grub screen as @Slipstream suggests, then opening a shell.


System Not Booting - Failed to activate swap /swapfile

That all looks normal, but let's recreate the /swapfile.
Boot to Recovery Mode like you just did, and do this...
Note: Incorrect use of the dd command can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
In the terminal (or root # prompt)...
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm nnG RAM and 4G swap

Confirm this /swapfile line at the end of /etc/fstab... and confirm no other “swap” lines...
To edit, use sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab or sudo pico /etc/fstab
/swapfile    none    swap    sw      0   0

reboot                    # reboot and verify operation

Update #1:
/etc/fstab was messed up and causing the file system to be read-only. Only had 1 hour on freshly installed Ubuntu, so I recommended to reinstall Ubuntu again.
UUID="fae3ba3a-abaf-4eca-8139-40d5328d017c" /srv ext4 errors=remount-ro 0


Hm this is a bit hacky.

You COULD

Pin the Version of PHP tp php5.3 in /etc/apt/preferences.d/myphppinningfile (the name does not matter)

like (putting in the file)

Package: php
Pin: version php5.3 # take the one from apt
Pin-Priority: 1000

EDIT: see here for apt pinning https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Apt-Pinning/

And add an older Repo to the apt sources.list.
precise got the 5.3 Version like: https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/sample/sources.list

Then install the older version of PHP maybe from LTS.

!!! CAUTION !!! Just do what you understand !!! CAUTION !!!

Never use this in a production environment!


How do I install MS Office 2010 via Wine?

For the second error, you need to install 7zip I think.

sudo apt-get install p7zip


Changing display settings during ubuntu 15.04 installation

You need to boot with nomodeset parameter.

If you boot in UEFI mode, when you get the menu "Try Ubuntu", "Install Ubuntu", etc., press e and type in nomodeset after splash.

After you successfully install Ubuntu you probably will need to boot with nomodeset again, then install Nvidia drivers by

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-346


Multiprocessor support is activated by default in the 12.04 amd64 kernel:

  Multiprocessor support — also called “symmetric multiprocessing” or SMP — is available for this architecture. The standard Ubuntu 12.04 kernel image has been compiled with SMP-alternatives support. This means that the kernel will detect the number of processors (or processor cores) and will automatically deactivate SMP on uniprocessor systems. Ubuntu 12.04 Supported Hardware

Other than stated in the hardware specs the 32-bit kernel on Ubuntu should be compiled with SMP support too. In case you have another kernel you may however have to manually compile the kernel to support SMP.


In case iptables is not installed or the binary is missing, try installing/re-installing it:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall iptables


Unable to install Ubuntu on Dell with dual graphics

Documenting my steps, in case this is helpful to anyone else.

I followed this I added the "nomodeset" option to my kernel boot parameters, and that allowed the installer to complete.

However, now when it boots, it hangs at the step "Started Gnome Display Manager", and even after 15 minutes, nothing else happens. I have a small monitor connected to the built-in HDMI port, and a tv connected to the GT1030's HDMI port. When I boot, I briefly see the Ubuntu logo on the tv, but then it reverts to a black screen, so it must be partially working. Yet Gnome never seems to start on the monitor display. I can login via Alt+Fn and install packages, so aside from the X Server, everything else seems to be working fine.

To fix this, I followed these instructions to install the proprietary graphics driver PPA, and then the appropriate Nvidia driver from the command line. After rebooting, now both HDMI outputs are showing the full Ubuntu desktop. If I disconnect the monitor, the tv HDMI works fine standalone.


Thank. It was the low disk space for me.

what I did what Ctrl+Alt+F1 then loged in by user and pass, Then run

sudo apt-get clean

with pass again.

Happy Shavoo'ot


Lenovo Ideapad 720s consuming a lot of power during suspend [18.04]

Someone else correct me, as I am about to appear foolish indeed.
When I 'suspend' my Desktop, it is very fast to wake and resume.  Of course, my desktop is connected to a power source.  Is not your laptop capable of the same?  IE; plug it in whilst suspended! ????


15.04, 15.10, 16.04 - Closing lid does not suspend laptop if connected to external monitor

I think this feature is now configurable. You can change the option as user with the dconf-editor:

Schema:

org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power

or (depending on what desktop environment you use)

org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power

Key:

lid-close-suspend-with-external-monitor

Set to:

true

Description:

  With no external monitors plugged in, closing a laptop's lid will
  suspend the machine (as set by the lid-close-battery-action and
  lid-close-ac-action keys). By default, however, closing the lid when
  an external monitor is present will not suspend the machine, so that
  one can keep working on that monitor (e.g. for docking stations or
  media viewers). Set this key to False to keep the default behavior, or
  to True to suspend the laptop whenever the lid is closed and
  regardless of external monitors.


sudo apt-get install openjdk-6-jdk

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk


Ubuntu boots only out of installer: All boot options are tried

When I had a similar problem, boot-repair-disk solved it for me. If it so happens that you also have some kind of problem with MBR/partition table/etc this may help you. Simply make a bootable usb with 'startup disk creator` (details here), boot from usb, follow on screen instructions.


Non-interactive install of grub2 when installing from scratch

Answering my own question - I have found I can do it like this:

echo "grub-pc grub-pc/install_devices_empty   boolean true" | debconf-set-selections
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=text apt-get -y install grub2


How to open mutilple instances of the Terminal?

You can always open a new window of an application by middle-clicking on the application icon in the launcher. The windows can be placed wherever you want.


dpkg --set-selections fails in 64-bit computer

You'll probably find the answer in the installed-software file. I assume many of the packages are specified with architectures.


Suddenly the screen turns black and error (process:328): GLib-WARNING **: getpwuid_r(): failed due to unknown user id (0)

The error messages is specifically coming from plymouth; there's a fix being tested as described at https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/649917 . I'm assuming what's happened is that X has crashed and the message was displayed earlier in the boot process and was left on the display when X crashed.


In theory, both virtualbox and KVM can boot your existing installation directly from hard drive. It is much easier to boot Ubuntu using VBox on windows then boot an existing windows install with KVM or VBox from Ubuntu.

In practice, booting an existing installation in this manor can be error prone and damage the existing install. It is much better to do an installation in a vitrual disk , as is the default behavior.

  Warning

  Raw hard disk access is for expert users only. Incorrect use or use of an outdated configuration can lead to total loss of data on the physical disk. Most importantly, do not attempt to boot the partition with the currently running host operating system in a guest. This will lead to severe data corruption.

See :

How to use a real partition with Windows 7 installed, in a virtualbox vm?

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/31260/booting-the-already-installed-windows-from-the-virtualbox-installed-in-ubuntu

http://www.neowin.net/forum/topic/784138-howto-boot-existing-ubuntu-partition-using-virtualbox-inside-windows/


Why is Thunderbird not updated as frequently and quickly as Firefox in Ubuntu?

New upstream versions are NOT pushed to Ubuntu repositories after release (except Web Browsers and a couple other critical exceptions, which are pushed). E-mail clients are not one of those exceptions.

The normal Security Team process is that vulnerabilities get tracked and patched, then a new, safe package is released in the security pocket.

The version number gets a minor bump, since this is not a new upstream release. Example: Thunderbird 68.4.1+build1-0ubuntu0.19.10.1 gets bumped to 68.4.1+build1-0ubuntu0.19.10.2. It's just as safe as 68.5. All the same (declared) vulns are addressed.

The exception for web browsers is that the newest upstream release is always pushed to all releases of Ubuntu by the Security Team. There are several reasons for this: Browsers are more widely and more intensively used, are more complex, and have more interaction with other hardware on your system.

This is a new upstream release, so the major version number gets bumped. Example: Firefox 72.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.19.10.1 gets bumped to 74.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.19.10.1

In the specific example of Thunderbird: 68.4.2 won't be pushed to Ubuntu 19.10 users, since 19.10 has already been released. However, all the vulnerabilities fixed in 68.4.2 were backported to 68.4.1 by the Ubuntu Security Team. Your patched 68.4.1 is safe. Thunderbird 68.5 is in Ubuntu 20.04.


How to obtain frame rate of video as a fraction?

I reckon you're not interested anymore, but for anyone else finding this question through Google, the answer is here. I'll shamelessly copy and paste the command. Replace "infile" with your filename.

ffprobe -v 0 -of csv=p=0 -select_streams v:0 -show_entries stream=r_frame_rate infile


Not able to tansfer file from phone to Laptop Ubuntu 14.04

It seems that the firewall/security policy preventing the RW permission, first check Ubuntu firewall rules, enable or allow your access not the device, make trust both the device each other for secure connection. also check the settings from mobile handset.

Remember: flash the default firewall rules always not a good idea.
If we assume that the hardware is working find then check the security and policy set on both the devices.


WIll EOL releases no longer be archived?

They don't transfer EOL immediately to http://old-releases.ubuntu.com, they keep them on http://releases.ubuntu.com or sometimes http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/ for a while. The cdimage one seems to get cleared faster. I don't know how this time period is determined or it's length it's just something I've noticed when downloading isos.

Ubuntu 12.10 Page = http://releases.ubuntu.com/quantal/

Ubuntu 13.04 Page = http://releases.ubuntu.com/raring/

Remember their are also 3rd party mirrors sometimes available that may have older isos still available such as http://mirrors.nl.eu.kernel.org/ubuntu-releases/ which still has 12.10 here: http://mirrors.nl.eu.kernel.org/ubuntu-releases/12.10/


ALSA samples capture: cannot open device

aplay -l lists playback devices. Use arecord -l.

The capture program works just fine after fixing the bugs (the third parameter to snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near must be a pointer to the rate, and the size of buf must be doubled to have enough space for two channels).


How to allocate free space from Window sda, and append to Ubuntu's partition the additional free space?

First of all, what you're asking about is disk space, not memory. Anyway, you need to do three steps in GParted:

Shrink /dev/sda4, and make sure the new free space ends up after it
Move /dev/sda5 to the beginning of the new free space, leaving it the same size
Grow /dev/sda6 into the free space before it

Also, I note you appear to be booted into your system in that screenshot. You should reboot from a live CD/USB to do those operations.


Can I use Superlab and related software on Ubuntu?

I've just tested it in wine, and it works fine.

The only thing you need to do is download the installer and install wine as the previous answer says.

Then, run the installer by right-clicking and selecting Open With > Wine

Whenever you need some Windows program run in GNU/Linux you can have a look at this website, WineHQ.

There's an extensive database of applications with different levels of compatibility. Some of them (like your program) run out of the box, some others need a little tweaking to make them work. You can find help reading the reviews that other users have done.
I've just sent a review for SuperLab 5.0.0, but it won't be available yet because the maintainers of the website need to verify my review before making it public.

Hope it helps, good  luck!


Editing systemd config files - when do changes become effective?

In general, if a service has a configuration file you can use systemctl reload <service>. If it was a unit file itself that you edited then you can use systemctl daemon-reload or just restart the particular service.


apt-get build-dep is intended to be used by developers to install the build dependencies of a packages; i.e. the packages that are required to compile the package's source.

Regarding the unmet dependencies issue, based on the version numbers that you have posted, it looks like you either have outdated package information, which can be fixed by running sudo apt-get update, or you don't have the lucid-updates or lucid-security repositories enabled.

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu for help enabling additional repositories in Ubuntu.


Max VRAM supported by open source ATI radeon

It is using 1024M.  The 256M is just the limit of how much the CPU can directly address.  The rest of the ram is available to the GPU and the CPU doesn't need to be able to directly touch it.


Just using the close button from your remote desktop client never close the session on the server, this is a normal behavior. You have to use the logout function from your server windows manager in order to ensure that all applications are properly closed.


Ubuntu 16.10 on DELL XPS 13 9360 - (how) to pair bluetooth headphones

This may or may not solve the problem.  It relies on bluez, so if it is not of any value, please tell me, and I'll remove the answer.

Launch bluetoothctl

$ bluetoothctl

Setup bluetooth

> agent on
> default-agent
> power on
> discoverable on
> pairable on

Setup scanning (at this point, turn on your headset and setup it up to be discoverable)

> scan on

Wait about 30 seconds or so, and type

> devices

Make a note of the MAC address of your headphones.

Copy the MAC address of your headphones, and type

> pair <MAC Address>

If it says at the bottom of the output "Pairing Successful", type

> trust <MAC Address>

And finally

> connect <MAC Address>

Hope that helps :)


Trying to install Windows XP; bootmgr is missing

--- COMPLETELY EDITED POST following more precise information received about problem

If I understand correctly, after trying Ubuntu, you want to reinstall Windows XP. You were trying to simply copy the contents of the Windows XP Installation medium to a USB drive and got a "BOOTMGR missing" error when trying to start the computer with this USB drive.

My first idea was to replace the boot sector on the USB drive with a Windows XP boot sector, which would try to load NTLDR instead of BOOTMGR. However, this failed to take into account that with either boot sectors (older XP version or updated Vista and newer version) the Windows XP Installation medium is not designed to be started from USB (unlike that of Windows Vista and newer).

From other comments that you made, I seem to understand that you do not own a physical copy of your Windows XP installation medium, but rather have an ISO copy of it.

The logical advice from here is simply to burn your ISO copy to a CD-ROM and to use that disc to start the computer and install Windows XP the way it was designed to be. This solution does not seem to appeal to you. Maybe you don't have a CD-ROM drive or burner in that computer?


There are some related questions here on AskUbuntu:

Alternative of Multisim or PSpice
Are there any alternative programs to Proteus available?

Suggestions:

Run these Windows programs on Ubuntu with wine. See How to install and configure Wine?
try gEDA:

  sudo apt-get install geda-gschem

try ktechlab:

How to install ktechlab?


why does any upgrade pause in chengelog0

This is the less pager program. Press Q to close these changelogs and continue the installation.

I have not seen this happening with most apt-get upgrade's. I have only had a few times that such a changelog was shown to inform me about possible backwards incompatibilities (a security upgrade for MySQL on a Debian server).


How to reduce menu/title bar screen space in 18.04?

Assuming this issue is only on Firefox, go to the browser's menu and click Customize. At the bottom, there is a dropdown menu called Toolbars. Your menu bar will be selected. Deselect it.


I think Avinash Raj answered most of this question in the comments, but I'll go ahead and write an answer just to square it off.

In your screen shot Gparted has locked the partitions of the drive (sda) because you are using the partition sda1 (/) to run Ubuntu and Gparted.

To edit the partitions on sda you will need to boot a live cd. When you do this the partitions will not be locked and Gparted will allow you to resize them.

You will have to right click the linux-swap partition and select swap-off to move that partition when using the live cd.

As far as booting the Live cd goes, try pressing: Esc, F1, F2, ..., F12, Del. when the computer is starting. Just run your finger from Esc to F12 then Del (delete). That's the lazy way of doing it. It usually brings up the boot selection screen for me. The alternative is reading the boot screen or the manual for the computer.


On a fresh 16.04 system, I can do this:

sudo apt install python3-pip
pip3 install -U textblob
python3 -m textblob.download_corpora

You'll notice a few things:

In ubuntu, the python3 versions of things are usually named 'python3-BLAH'.
Also, the pip binary is named pip3, and the python 3 interpreter is named python3.
These differ from the readthedocs site, but are standard on Ubuntu.

If you just follow the instructions on the readthedocs site, you will probably get only the python 2 versions of things.  Maybe that is what you did, I'm not sure.


How to restore Ubuntu login screen after lubuntu install?

Since the OP is a bit lazy(!), I'm going to post the answer myself. Most of the times, thesudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm solution doesn't work. You'll need to change the settings manually either by using lightdm-set-defaults or editing /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.

Open up lightdm.conf:

gksudo gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

You must have the following settings under [SeatDefaults]:

user-session=ubuntu
greeter-session=unity-greeter

Save and reboot.


You can use bind to bind a key to some function. Here is what I did:

bind '"\ea": ". ~/newScript.sh\n" '

Here newScript.sh is the file which changes the tty and \ea means that whenever Alt+A is pressed, the script executes.

The contents of newScript.sh are:

#! /bin/bash
ttyNum="$(tty)"
ttyNum=$(echo ${ttyNum##*y})
ttyNum=$(( (ttyNum +1) % 7))
chvt $ttyNum

Note that if you want to store the key bindings permanently, you can store them in your `~/.inputrc' file. For more information, you can visit this link: http://www.techrepublic.com/article/find-and-bind-key-sequences-in-bash/5683375

Update:  You can store the bind line in your ~/.bashrc file so that you don't have to do it again.


I think this is because of a SoftEDID issue (I've had this issue before).
I'll find a link that explains the problem/solution and post it here -- you need to extract your EDID data in Windows and modify xorg.conf.

Updates:
See here and here.


How to access windows file system in Ubuntu Virtual Box

You need to create a shared folder.

Open Ubuntu virtual machine settings. Select Shared Folders >  Add new shared folder.
Add the path of your Windows folder you need to access on your Ubuntu VM and click OK.

Using Virtual Box Auto-mount option :

In your Ubuntu machine, install Virtual Box Guest Additions

When it is done, open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and add yourself to the vboxsf group (VirtualBox shared folder group) :

 sudo adduser $USER vboxsf

Reboot your Ubuntu virtual machine and you will find your shared folder under /media/sf_MySharedFolder.

Without Virtual Box Auto-mount option :

In your Ubuntu machine, open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and create the folder where your want to access your shared folder (I am going to create under my home directory:

mkdir shared

Then mount your shared folder :

sudo mount -t vboxsf $USER ~/shared/


Is there a faster way to switch between program instances?

Try using alt+`. This can be used with alt+Tab to switch between instances of other open programs.


I had a similar case, where libjack0 will not automatically install because skype:i386 was messing up with it (because Skype has no 64-bit version for Linux).

The solution for me simply was to force it:

sudo apt-get install libjack0

Then it asked me to confirm installation of libjack0 which meant the uninstalling of a few other conflicting programs (including Skype in my specific case). It then did install libjack-dev smoothly (which for me was a requirement for building Audacity).


How to fix Firmware_class error at boot screen?

If you can update firmware for your specific hardware the link you posted has, at the bottom, a reference to fwupd and that is likely to way to get it updated. Mind that it is also possible you will need to ask the vendor of your hardware to get your firmware. fwupd is just a site that collects all those official firmware updates but depends on the hardware vendor to supply it. Newest version can be find at the project page and more information on their website.

From the website:

  The Linux Vendor Firmware Service is a secure portal which allows hardware vendors to upload firmware updates. This site is used by all major Linux distributions to provide metadata for clients such as fwupdmgr and GNOME Software. There is no charge to vendors for the hosting or distribution of content.

From the project page:

  Basic usage flow (command line) If you have a device with firmware
  supported by fwupd, this is how you will check for updates and apply
  them using fwupd's command line tools.

# fwupdmgr get-devices

  This will display all devices detected by fwupd.

# fwupdmgr refresh

  This will download the latest metadata from LVFS.

# fwupdmgr get-updates

  If updates are available for any devices on the system, they'll be
  displayed.

# fwupdmgr update

  This will download and apply all updates for your system.

  Updates that can be applied live will be done immediately. Updates
  that run at bootup will be staged for the next reboot. You can find
  more information about the update workflow in the end users section of
  the fwupd website.


You can add the path of your app icon, as the value of the directive Icon.

Icon=/home/username/Documents/youapp/youricon.png


How can I put the display to sleep on screen lock?

The following script will check every ten seconds to see if the screensaver is enabled, and if it is, turn of the display using the command xset dpms force off.

It also checks to make sure it didn't already turn off the display, so you can unlock the screen without the monitor turning off while you are typing your password.

#!/bin/bash

ALREADY_SHUTOFF="yes"

while true; do

    if (gnome-screensaver-command -q | grep "is active");
    then

        echo $ALREADY_SHUTOFF
        if [ "$ALREADY_SHUTOFF" == "no" ];
        then

            # this command turns off the display
            xset dpms force off
        fi

        ALREADY_SHUTOFF="yes"

    else

        ALREADY_SHUTOFF="no"
    fi

    sleep 10

done


You can run 16.04 with an older version of your kernel.

When you boot grub, the second menu option is Advanced options for Ubuntu. Open this sub-menu and you will be presented with the last working version of the kernel and possibly other kernel versions to try.

Hopefully one of them works and you can limp along with 16.04 to backup all your data and perhaps tweak the newest kernel installed with 16.04.

After you are up and running (or if), you can research your exact problems and see if a newer kernel fixes them. Ubuntu 16.04 ships with Kernel version 4.4 but some have had to upgrade to 4.7.3 (like yours truly).

You should Edit your question and put in the version you upgraded from, ie 14.04 or 15.04, etc. Then explicit instructions can be given for reinstalling that version if necessary (hopefully it won't be).


Command substitution in tcsh is done using backticks: `...`

~> echo `pwd`
/home/muru


Samba keeps warning 'Session closed for user nobody'. Why?

I had this concern myself so I did some digging and ran into a lot of unanswered forum questions, but then I found this answer:

  nobody is a system user that is used to run services e.g. apache and samba  on Linux distros. Root has to start the service and then pass on control to the user nobody.


ecryptfs - encrypt folder with already encrypted subfolder

I do not believe you can use ecryptfs to encrypt / , you need to use LUKS.

When using LUKS, you will need a non-encrypted /boot partition.

In addition, the conversion to LUKS is destructive, meaning your data on both / and, unless /home is already on a separate partion, /home will also be overwritten, typically with random data.

You, may, use ecryptfs with LUKS and encrypt your home directory when you install or convert home post install if you do not encrypt $HOME as part of the install.

Also, backups of encrypted data are complex so make sure you have a working backup strategy in place. I usually make a .tar of $HOME using the unencrypted data and then encrypt the .tar ball.

My advice is to back up your data in an encrypted .tar or method of your choice (MAKE SURE YOU DO NOT BACK UP THE .ecryptfs config files ;))  and perform a fresh install. Encrypt $HOME if you feel you must (probably unnecessary on a single user system) and restore from backup.


Xubuntu - how to restore "default" terminal text coloring


Not able to install Apps via Ubuntu Software Center or Terminal

In English, the logs would be -
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock. It is held by process 10625 (apt)
N: Be aware that removing the lock file is not a solution and may break your system.
E: Unable to lock directory /var/lib/apt/lists/

This indicates that another process (apt) was running at that time probably in another terminal or perhaps spawned by the gnome software.
Now, only one instance of apt is allowed to run on a machine to prevent race conditions where both processes simultaneously try to install a software and may cause undesired effects.
Just close the other process and try again.
PS : as mentioned in a comment dropbox is not available in the standard repositories.
You should download the deb file from the website itself-
https://www.dropbox.com/install-linux


How to save Makefile output in a child directory

From your comment, "It generates binary .ko files for some modules..." I assume your are trying to build a Linux kernel or module. The Linux kernel supports out of tree build with the O= variable:

$ cd kernel-source
$ mkdir build
$ make O=build

For the kernel you typically don't need sudo. It will work without special privileges. For more information see https://wiki.ubuntu.com/KernelTeam/GitKernelBuild.


Copy app error: "The open file ulimit level is too low, please increase it otherwise changes will not be detected properly"

1) Create file /etc/sysctl.d/60-copy.conf

2) Open that file and write:

fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 20000
fs.file-max = 800000

3) Save the file and exit

4) Go to the terminal and apply those settings by typing:

sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/60-copy.conf

5) Launch the Copy app again and it should work.


I fought with this problem on my Lenovo Thinkpad for a good while.  I do not have a nvidia card.  From what I gathered after a few days of reading, there is some kind of issue with 4.15 kernels and above with Intel Celeron N processors.  I tried a user suggested patch (4.15.024), tried the nouveau.modeset=0, and for a while reverted back to Ubuntu 17.10

The only clear fix I have applied is rolling back the kernel to 4.14.59 (SEE UPDATE AT END OF MSG).  My laptop now goes into suspend correctly (via power button or laptop lid closing), and it comes out of suspend correctly.

An app called UKUU allows installing additional Kernel's.  You may have to edit your GRUB settings to define the default grub.  Long explanation that I am not the best to provide.

use of suspend extremely important to me on this device.  small/low powered machine takes a long time to boot.  If I can open and close it and carry it around in suspend, Ubuntu 18.04 is great.

-Further info gleaned from filing a bug report, upgraded kernel to 4.18 and now everything is working fine (suspending and resuming from suspend without problems).


Run these commands

# Make it executable
chmod a+x *.run

# Run it as root
sudo ./*.run

Change *.run to the name of the file (use tab completion).

Post any error message you get.


Stable Wake-On-LAN PCI-e card for Ubuntu?

I bought Intel 9301CT but not succeeded in setting it up because I thought more expensive would be better. I am troubleshooting the thing here. I will provide here later my experiences about the product.

System: Ubuntu 16.04


Some GNOME extensions won't work in 19.04. Dash to Dock is one popular extension that some folks have trouble with, but there are others, some with serious issues.

The SAFEST way to upgrade to 19.04 is to temporarily DISABLE ALL GNOME extensions in 18.10 at https://extensions.gnome.org/local/.

Then upgrade to 19.04, get it running, and THEN re-enable one GNOME extension at a time at https://extensions.gnome.org/local/. You can immediately tell if an extension has a problem as a RED error icon will appear next to its name. If the newly enabled extension doesn't function as it should, it's not compatible. Another way to tell if you've got an incompatible extension is to watch /var/log/syslog for errors from gnome-shell.

grep -i gnome-shell /var/log/syslog*


The /snap folder isn't a traditional folder full of files. So you don't really delete the contents of that folder and get space back (if that's what you're expecting). This folder is used when snaps are installed. If for example you installed the Spotify snap then you'd end up with a /var/lib/snapd/snaps/spotify_6.snap file which contains the compressed application and libraries. This gets mounted under /snap/spotify/6 and symlinked as /snap/spotify/current.
The files haven't been uncompressed to that directory, they're just mounted and read at runtime. You can see this with mount | grep spotify, like this:-
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/spotify_6.snap on /snap/spotify/6 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime)

The same goes for the core runtime snap, which lives in the same location, and is mounted in a similar way. By default on a clean install of Ubuntu there are no snaps installed, even core. However as soon as you install a snap, you get the core snap pulled in, which contains the runtime low level dependencies needed by all snaps.
While you could unmount the directory and delete the core snap, you'd break all install snaps doing this, and the system will make it hard for you to do that as a result.


GNOME-Look has some icon sets that work with Unity, but in general you will be hard pressed to find a lot of good icon sets for now (the community's efforts are still gaining momentum in that regard).

Unfortunately, btw, most authors will not call their icon "Icon-Theme-(Unity)" or something similar, and you also may have to try the theme before you drive it, so to speak.

You can try Faience and Awoken (they are good monochrome themes for Unity).

Previews:

(Images taken from the GNOME-Look.org previews)


Do you need access to this host from multiple locations?  Or can you use a jumpbox that has a static IP?  If this is the case, you can set an iptables rule that only allows SSH access to a specific IP(s).  This will give you implicit deny to anyone except the static IPs.

The other recommendations would be to change the service to listen on a non-standard port, disable root authentication, and configure fail2ban.


Trouble in apt-get update command with pinta repository in kde neon (ubuntu 18.04)

That ppa needs to deleted from your sources since it has not been maintained since 2014 and does not support Ubuntu 18.04


What is the command to get mounted sdcard path

the command udisksctl info -b /dev/mmcblk0p1 will provide a lot of info. Under MountPoints: /media/rolf/1190-BFD9, it displayed the path to my sdcard.

But as Zanna pointed out, if you only need the path and not any detailed info just use lsblk /dev/mmcblk0p1.


AMD Catalyst Control Center not saving multi monitor settings

Sorry I found the answer in the site

the bug hasnt been fixed yet !!!

see below

ATI Catalyst doesn't retain changes after reboot when setting extended display

After using amdcccle to set the monitors as required, apply and exit, then from System -> Preferences -> Screen Resolution [or Monitors in Debian], verify it is showing the resolution you configured in amdcccle and click apply.

The next time you restart or login the settings will be preserved. shareimprove this answer

answered Jul 4 '12 at 20:03 Dog Ears 1585

Thanks, this is a really stupid bug still present in whatever version of fglrx is in Ubuntu 12.10. I've just been resetting the setting each time on boot which is a huge pain. – Ibrahim Feb 24 at 2:45

Very simple, this should be a bug and fixed in CCC. I'm guessing all this solution is doing is writing the settings created in CCC to xorg? Strange. Thanks for your guidance, very helpful. – TryTryAgain Mar 8 at 19:54


A GUI that runs on a remote computer, not the server?

"behind-the-scenes uses CLI tools" is not a valid concept. Just adding a layer of interpretation between the user and the system calls adds no security.

Any X Windows program respects its $DISPLAY environment variable. You can set up a tunnel for the X protocol FROM the X client on the server TO the X  server on your remote management system  (man ssh), and tell the  X  server on your remote management system to accept remote connections. man xhost


You are missing nothing. This is how simple NAT works. You can work around the issue by adding your dynamic name to the hosts file in your computer and assign it to your local IP (better add it to the router if it allows it).

Let's say that your router has 192.168.0.1 as its internal address and 200.200.200.200 as it's external (internet facing) IP. The external dns are going to resolve your name to the external IP of the router (200.200.200.200). Your computer will ask the router to connect to this IP, and it knows it is its own. As the router is only doing NAT from outside to inside, it will answer it the same way that any other internal query (showing it's configuration page).

What I'm trying to explain is that it's not like your query is going out to the internet and enter again through the router, it will never leave your own LAN.

If you really want to change this, you can try to flash your router with an open firmware that allow more complex configurations, but I don't really believe that it's worth the trouble.

I believe that the saner configuration is to make your name to resolve to another IP for the internal network.


Can't resize /dev/sda2 extended partition with gparted live cd

It appears that the partition is already at the maximum size.  /dev/sda (entire disk) is 931 GiB, and that is about the same size as the extended partition.

If you want to resize just the /boot partition, you would need to decrypt it first, or use some tool from the encryption software.

EDIT:

I believe you have a fairly complicated procedure, but my experience with encrypted partitions is zero.  I avoid procedures such as that, and would much rather encrypt a directory or file, if I needed it, than an entire partition; I think you can see why.

I think you need to decrypt the partition, then shrink it to make room to enlarge your /boot partition.  Furthermore, you need to copy the entire partition because you need to delete the beginning of the partition in order to shrink it toward the end to make room for /boot, which is at the beginning.

There is information here, but it is complicated by mixing in instructions for both LVM and ext3; I'm not certain what you have.  The links you provided are not applicable, really; your task would be very simple, although time-consuming, if you didn't have the encrypted partition.  But the partitioning programs like gparted see the partition as empty, I believe.

For more information, you need to search for "how to shrink LUKS partition".


Restoring GRUB2 on Software RAID 0 using LiveCD after Windows 7 wiped it

If you boot by recovery CD your root devices is not / but the ISO representation in RAM. In this case we have to mount the real root partition first.

Check if your software RAID is active:

  $ cat /proc/partitions

You have to expect your sda, sdb, dm-0 followed by dm-1, dm-2 and so on representing your partition table entries.

If you do not see the dm-* entries you have to activate the software RAID manually:

  $ sudo dmraid-activate

Check /proc/partitions again and verify if grub is aware of it:

  $ sudo grub-mkdevicemap -m -

The output may differ but should look like (where *ata-WDC_WD5001AALS-00L3B2_WD-WCASY5902194* depends on your hardware configuration):

  (hd0)  /dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WD5001AALS-00L3B2_WD-WCASY5902194
  (hd1)  /dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WD5001AALS-00L3B2_WD-WCASY5867648
  (hd2)  /dev/mapper/nvidia_acajefec

Your real root partition should be /dev/mapper/nvidia_acajefec1 right now. We mount this partition for future tests now:

  $ sudo mount /dev/mapper/nvidia_acajefec1 /mnt
  $ sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
  $ sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
  $ sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

Check if grub is able to map the devices to your partitions:

  $ sudo grub-mkdevicemap -m - | sudo grub-probe --device-map=/proc/self/fd/0 --target=device /mnt

You should see something like /dev/mapper/nvidia_acajefec1.

Identify the name of your partition as GRUB device:

  $ sudo grub-mkdevicemap -m - | sudo grub-probe --device-map=/proc/self/fd/0 --target=drive /mnt

The output should be something like (hd2,msdos1).

So far so good. In order to install/update GRUB we are ready to switch to the real root partition and update the boot block:

  $ sudo chroot /mnt /bin/bash
  $ sudo update-grub
  Generating grub.cfg ...
  Found background image: /usr/share/images/desktop-base/desktop-grub.png
  Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-686-bigmem
  Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-686-bigmem
  Found Linux on /dev/mapper/nvidia_acajefec1
  Found Windows on /dev/mapper/nvidia_acajefec3
  done
  $ sudo grub-install /dev/mapper/nvidia_acajefec
  Installation finished. No error reported.
  $ exit

Your are ready to reboot the system.


Error showing when downloading ubuntu gnome 16.04lts.iso issuing about authorization and yet the file is downloding

If you download the version 16.04.1 instead of 16.04 won't have that issue.You may find that here.
if you do not find the iso go directly here.

"With a new version out Canonical obviously don't want the old version (without the latest bug fixes) propagated any more. The only way to stop a torrent in the wild is to stop the tracker. So that is what they did."
source


User root can't write to file in /tmp owned by someone else in 20.04, but can in 18.04

To change the behavior back to the 18.04 default:
sudo sysctl fs.protected_regular=0

See the accepted answer to
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/503111/group-permissions-for-root-not-working-in-tmp
Sigh, sometimes the cure is worse than the disease.


Why won't Ubuntu 11.10 wirelessly connect to my Lenovo B570

I have the same laptop (b570) and had a difficult time. Hopefully you have dual boot with windows. In my case I had to blacklist acer-wmi in the document "/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf" (at the bottom type in "blacklist acer-wmi" without quotes) then reboot back into windows and turn on the wireless, reboot back into Ubuntu and it worked.

I had tried for days with just blacklisting, then messing with the hardware switch on the actual case, tried the fn key and most everything I could google with no luck. Then upon needing wireless booted into windows realized it was off there too, turned it on, back into Ubuntu 11.10 and fixed.


Can't use Adobe flash player - local storage

There may be a more direct method, but I use this site to manage flash settings

http://www.macromedia.com/support/documentation/en/flashplayer/help/settings_manager04.html

use the "Global AStorage Settings" tab


Lost my wireless connection after update

This post resolved my issue.

This card is now recognised by the updated drivers backported from later
kernels, so you no longer have to compile your own. To install, work out which
kernel you are currently using

$ uname -r
3.2.0-56-generic-pae

Note the generic-pae, and install the appropriate backported driver:

sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-cw-3.12-precise-generic-pae

If you have just the generic kernel, use

sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-cw-3.12-precise-generic

This installs the wireless drivers backported from linux kernel version
3.12. The backports repository should already be enabled in 12.04.

This is the latest version backported at the time of writing, but you can check
for newer versions with:

apt-cache search backported wireless


How to list all installed software in terminal by recent date installed?

Try

zgrep -i "status installed"  /var/log/dpkg* | sort -t- -k1 -k2 -k3 -n > temp.txt

zgrep allows you to examine archived dpkg logs as well. For example, I see:

$ ls /var/log/dpkg*
/var/log/dpkg.log  /var/log/dpkg.log.1  /var/log/dpkg.log.2.gz  /var/log/dpkg.log.3.gz  /var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz
$

And then the output is piped to sort where

-t- specifies - as the field delimiter
-k1, -k2 and -k3 tell sort to use those fields in sequence
-n ensures a numerical sort.
> directs the output to a text file because the output can run over several hundred lines

See man sort for more such as -r if you wish to reverse the order.

What I see with the zgrep command on my system (with several lines deleted):

/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2018-04-26 18:17:44 status installed base-files:amd64 10.1ubuntu2
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2018-04-26 18:17:44 status installed base-passwd:amd64 3.5.44
...
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2018-05-02 18:21:13 status installed linux-image-4.15.0-20-generic:amd64 4.15.0-20.21
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2018-05-02 18:21:56 status installed grub-gfxpayload-lists:amd64 0.7
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2018-05-02 18:21:56 status installed grub-pc:amd64 2.02-2ubuntu8
...
/var/log/dpkg.log.3.gz:2018-06-01 05:29:41 status installed netcat-openbsd:amd64 1.187-1ubuntu0.1
/var/log/dpkg.log.3.gz:2018-06-01 05:29:43 status installed man-db:amd64 2.8.3-2
/var/log/dpkg.log.3.gz:2018-06-02 13:59:20 status installed libkf5kmahjongglib-data:all 4:17.12.3-0ubuntu1
...
/var/log/dpkg.log.2.gz:2018-07-01 06:32:51 status installed ncdu:amd64 1.12-1
/var/log/dpkg.log.2.gz:2018-07-01 06:32:52 status installed man-db:amd64 2.8.3-2
/var/log/dpkg.log.2.gz:2018-07-02 07:20:02 status installed libastro1:amd64 4:17.12.3-0ubuntu1
...
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2018-08-01 06:19:16 status installed chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra:amd64 68.0.3440.75-0ubuntu0.18.04.1
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2018-08-01 06:19:16 status installed mime-support:all 3.60ubuntu1
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2018-08-01 06:19:18 status installed man-db:amd64 2.8.3-2
...
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2018-08-31 07:14:09 status installed libx11-data:all 2:1.6.4-3ubuntu0.1
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2018-08-31 07:14:09 status installed man-db:amd64 2.8.3-2
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2018-08-31 07:14:10 status installed libc-bin:amd64 2.27-3ubuntu1

A limitation of this approach is that, ultimately, some archived files will be deleted depending on how logrotate is set up. Look at fiddling with file:///etc/logrotate.d/dpkg and, of course, man logrotate.


Maybe you didn't burn the DVD correctly. Did you open up the disk utility and clicked on the "Burn" icon and then selected the ubuntu .iso?


Dash application icons not in alphabetical order

Known bug in unity-5.8 - https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/964325

In the future you can go here, https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity

You can adjust the order displayed, often useful to order by number, that will list newest first, Ex. - https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bugs?orderby=-id&start=0


USB mouse not detected after software update

I managed to fix my own problem

I did a manual software update and that solved the problem (11/10/2015)


Kubuntu 13.04 Live USB works, graphics crash when installed

I managed to get the system to boot by physically connecting to the internet (with an ethernet cable) and using the recovery root terminal to install the fglrx driver. That allowed me to get into the system. From there, I realized the fglrx driver no longer supports my graphics card so I had to use this: https://launchpad.net/~makson96/+archive/fglrx
After installing fglrx-legacy everything seems to run smoothly.

Hopefully, this will be of use to someone else.


How to know what libraries the `apt-get install` command installs [and optionally, how to locate these files]?

In order to look up what files a package installs, you can use apt-file show packagename. It's not installed by default, so you'll have to install it first and then run apt-file update.

To list files for an installed package, you can use dpkg -L packagename.

Both commands will show the location of these files.


apt-get update really slow when i'm at the university

I reinstalled the operating system and everything worked good... sadly i didn't figured out the problem.


One or more prerequisites required to install Kaltura failed

Thats not an error, only a warning. But you could correct the problem:

Open the file OsUtils.class.php

nano /home/sneha/Downloads/kalturaCE_v3.0.0-instructure/installer/OsUtils.class.php

and replace the line

logMessage(L_INFO, "User: $output");

with

logMessage(L_INFO, "User: $output[0]");

Now start the install script again and you will see this:

Thank you for installing Kaltura Video Platform - Community Edition

In order to improve Kaltura Community Edition, we would like your permission to send system data to Kaltura.
This information will be used exclusively for improving our software and our service quality. I agree (Y/n)
>

If you wish, please provide your email address so that we can offer you future assistance (leave empty to pass)
>

Please provide the following information:

The following apachectl script has been detected: /usr/sbin/apachectl. Do you want to use this script to run your Kaltura application? Leave empty to use or provide a pathname to an alternative apachectl script on your server.
>

The following PHP binary has been detected: /usr/bin/php. Do you want to use this script to run your Kaltura application? Leave empty to use or provide a pathname to an alternative PHP binary on your server.
>

Full target directory path for Kaltura application (leave empty for /opt/kaltura)
>

Please enter the domain name/virtual hostname that will be used for the Kaltura server (without http://)
>
Must be a valid hostname or ip, please enter again


How do I use fancontrol on HP Elitebook 8560w?

These laptops are known for having noisy fans because they are in the workstation class where performance is more important than noise or comfort. This means that even at the best of times they will make noise and put out often scary amounts of heat. They need to be used on flat smooth surfaces with as much airflow as possible around them and always with the lid up.

A bit of googling suggests that newer BIOSes and fan control software will have limited effect although it's worth checking if the fan control options in the BIOS are not set to always on.

The real issue appears to be bad thermal paste between the CPU and the cooler. This has the effect of preventing heat from escaping as fast as expected and making the fans work harder that they should to make up for the difference.

Here is a video that shows someone replacing the thermal paste on that laptop. It's a bit fiddly, but these laptops are designed to be reasonably serviceable so it's not insanely difficult, but there are of course risks such as static damage and loosing or breaking tiny parts. At your own risk obviously. See HP Elitebook 8560w/8570w Disassembly and thermal compound paste replacement, разборка (YouTube).

Another solution is to get a laptop cooling pad to sit underneath it. These typically have much larger fans at slow speed that make far less noise and vibration, but they can massively improve the air flow to the laptop
and prevent the heat building up in the first place.


How do I enable OS X style 2 finger scolling in Dell Latitude 6430u?

There are a few options here, and it's all dependent on making sure you're using a synaptics touch device.

In trusty 14.04 there is a natural scrolling feature available if the system detects you are on a synaptics device:

You may need to blacklist the i2c module

echo "blacklist i2c_hid" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

The final option, if all else fails, is by adding a PPA to add the Natural Scrolling application:

Add ‘ppa:zedtux/naturalscrolling‘ to your Software Sources, update, then install the ‘naturalscrolling’ package from the Ubuntu Software Centre.


Edit your grub configuration as necessary - if you want to use it for longer, and install the new grub setup then to disk(s).

This I believe will help you understand grub configuration:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Setup

Otherwise I think kexec may also help you.

Install kexec with:

sudo apt-get install kexec-tools


How to let redmine update after Ubuntu 14.04 upgrade?

The (first) error message shown was:

/usr/bin/env: ruby1.8: No such file or directory

This is trying to run ruby1.8 but there is no such program. Unfortunately, as revealed by a "contents of packages" search, ruby1.8 is no longer provided in Ubuntu 14.04.

Installing ruby1.8 anyway:

You can install ruby1.8 using either of the two methods described in answers to:

How to install ruby 1.8.7 back on Ubuntu 14.04 after upgrade?

Currently there are two answers, one suggesting to enable a software repository from 13.10 to install the old version intended for the preceding release, and the other suggesting to use a (perhaps especially) experimental PPA.

I'm not sure which of the two is better or more reliable. Either one should work.

Attempting to use ruby1.9 as ruby1.8:

Another possibility, suggested/inspired by this answer by tres to that different question on Stack Overflow, is to "fool" redmine's installation script into acting like the later version of ruby (ruby1.9) is ruby1.8. This won't keep ruby1.9 from working for applications that need that version, but it won't necessarily work right either; it is a question of how closely redmine depends on ruby1.8.

To do this, create a symbolic link to ruby (which runs the default version, in this case 1.9) called ruby1.8:

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ruby /usr/bin/ruby1.8

(Update) If you get Could not find rake (>= 0) amongst [] (Gem::LoadError):

In the updated information added to your answer, you mention symlinking /usr/bin/ruby1.8 to /usr/bin/ruby (to make it use the installed ruby1.9) and getting an error message where the first error was:

/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/dependency.rb:247:in `to_specs': Could not find rake (>= 0) amongst [] (Gem::LoadError)
        from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/dependency.rb:256:in `to_spec'
        from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems.rb:1231:in `gem'
        from /usr/local/bin/rake:18:in `<main>'
Error when running rake db:migrate, check database configuration.

You might be able to fix that error by installing the rake package:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rake

If symlinking ruby1.8 to ruby doesn't work you decide to attempt actually installing ruby1.8, you should remove the link first, with sudo rm /usr/bin/ruby1.8.

If you have further problems, please edit your question with details. (Or if you feel the problems are very different from what you've asked about here, you could make a new question.) Good luck.


MYSQL Workbanch (snap) show permission denied error when i importing files

Snaps certainly have some nice benefits but, when it comes time to get development work done, they have generally done little more than introduce friction. Generally, a snap is permitted to access the non-hidden contents of your home directory but, from the screenshot, something is clearly preventing this.
There are two options that I can think of to get around this:
Option 1 — Remove, then reinstall the snap with the "classic" mode option
This disables many of the container features that prevent snaps from running amok on your system, but generally works for many applications that need a little more access to the local file system.
sudo snap uninstall mysql-workbench-community
sudo snap install mysql-workbench-community --classic

Option 2 — Remove the snap and install the .deb
This will result in not having updates automatically installed on your system, but you will have an unrestricted application installed.

Uninstall the snap:
sudo snap uninstall mysql-workbench-community

Download the appropriate installation package from Oracle:

Note: The smaller download will give you everything you need. The larger one comes with debug symbol support.
Open "Files" and double-click on the MySQL Workbench download file to bring up the installer. Alternatively, if that doesn't work for some reason, then you can install the .deb via apt:
sudo apt install ~/Downloads/mysql-workbench-community_8.0.25-1ubuntu21.04_amd64.deb

Hopefully one of these options will let you get some work done.


Ubuntu Ati Radeon HD 4500 S official drivers

For such an old version, there aren't any updates any more (a release is supported 18 months, a LTS 3 years) So I'd say NO.
There aren't any proprietary ATI drivers for Ubuntu. Sad but true.


How to create a bootable USB stick on Ubuntu


What applications are removed when I upgrade to 12.04?

The release-upgrader will not remove banshee or tomboy unless you removed "universe"
from your sources.list (e.g. via the Software Sources tool).

In general it will not remove software unless there is a conflict or the software is no longer available.


By default when rsync updates your backup it creates a copy of the file and then moves it into place. To avoid this step you can have rsync write directly to your backup with the --inplace argument.

As per https://linux.die.net/man/1/rsync:

  --inplace

  This option changes how rsync transfers a file when the file's data needs to be updated: instead of the default method of creating a
  new copy of the file and moving it into place when it is complete,
  rsync instead writes the updated data directly to the destination
  file.

  This has several effects:

  (1) in-use binaries cannot be updated
  (either the
      OS will prevent this from happening, or binaries that attempt to swap-in their data will misbehave or crash),

  (2) the file's data will
  be in an inconsistent state during the transfer,

  (3) a file's data may
  be left in an inconsistent state after the transfer if the transfer is
  interrupted or if an update fails,

  (4) a file that does not have write
  permissions can not be updated, and

  (5) the efficiency of rsync's
  delta-transfer algorithm may be reduced if some data in the
  destination file is overwritten before it can be copied to a position
  later in the file (one exception to this is if you combine this option
  with --backup, since rsync is smart enough to use the backup file as
  the basis file for the transfer).

  WARNING: you should not use this
  option to update files that are being
      accessed by others, so be careful when choosing to use this for a copy.

  This option is useful for transfer of large files with
  block-based changes
      or appended data, and also on systems that are disk bound, not network bound.

  The option implies --partial (since an interrupted
  transfer does not delete
      the file), but conflicts with --partial-dir and --delay-updates. Prior to rsync 2.6.4 --inplace was also incompatible with
  --compare-dest and --link-dest.


How to effectively move Ubuntu server from a VirtualBox to a dedicated server?

I'd do it this way (don't just follow it without adjusting it to your actual situation):

Boot an Ubuntu Live CD on the new computer
Format the hard disk as desired, mount partitions in a temporary location (say /mnt/disk1).
From the virtualbox server, rsync stuff to the new one:

rsync -avuz --progress --exclude=/proc/* --exclude=/sys/* --exclude=/run / new-server:/mnt/disk1
Install grub on the new server:

sudo grub-install  /dev/sda
Modify /etc/fstab to point to the right partitions/locations (if your root "/" is pointing to a UUID, you can point it to the new UUID for your new root partition or point it to /dev/sda1 or whatever you're using).
At this point the new server should be able to boot and pretty much have the same configuration as the virtualbox. You can try unplugging it from the network and booting to ensure things are working.
Once you know it's booting, boot the new server with the LiveCD again, and mount partitions to temporary location again.
DOWNTIME HERE. Stop the services in your virtualbox (sorry, can't get around this, but I'll keep it as brief as possible). LEAVE SSH RUNNING.
Rsync to get any files that changed since the last sync, this should take a couple of minutes at most:

rsync -avuz --progress --exclude=/proc/* --exclude=/sys/* --exclude=/run --exclude=/etc/fstab / new-server:/mnt/disk1
Reboot your server
Don't forget to bring down the virtualbox at this point or problems will ensue :)


How to show only number of current virtual desktop in taskbar? (KDE Plasma)

Not in the default distribution.

but when adding a new widget, you can click "Get new Widgets" and download the "SimplePager" widget.

and it does exactly what you asked.
Thanks for the suggestion, I am adopting it myself from now on.


How to check if gparted is installed or not through terminal?

Open the terminal and type

apt policy gparted

If there is something next to Installed, it's installed.

gparted:
  Installed: 0.30.0-3ubuntu1
  Candidate: 0.30.0-3ubuntu1
  Version table:
 *** 0.30.0-3ubuntu1 500
        500 ssh://[myserver]/apt-mirror/mirror/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

If the package exists in the repos your system uses, but is not installed, the output will look like this

ruby:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1:2.5.1
  Version table:
     1:2.5.1 500
        500 ssh://[myserver]/apt-mirror/mirror/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages

If the package doesn't exist in the repos your system uses, the output will look like this

N: Unable to locate package nosuchapp


Allowing guest session to access certain user directories

You are doing it wrong.

The Shares you are setting up as described in your question are network shares. For people accessing your PC over a network. You most likely don't want any shares.

There are many ways to set permissions to allow user "guest" to access files in ~/Music.

Here is one way:

Assuming you are happy for anyone to access this directory you can do this.

Check permissions on your home directory allow anyone to access it's contents.
Running ls -l should return this

richardjh@ubuntu ~ $ ls -ld ~
drwxr-xr-x 57 richardjh richardjh 4096 2010-10-28 09:10 /home/richardjh

The important bit is the drwxr-xr-x

Set Permissions on ~/Music and all subfolders to 755 like this

find ~/Music -type d -exec chmod o+rx {} \;

Set Permissions on all files in ~/Music and it's subfolders like this

find ~/Music -type f -exec chmod o+r {} \;

Log in as guest and you should be able to browse the Music directory and play the files within.


I Just had to install the following packages:

sudo apt-get install libopus0 gstreamer1.0-liba

And it is done.

Source: ubuntu 14.04 problem with gstreamer1.0-libav


This problem can also be solved natively in 18.04 by installing another similar GUI batch renamer app from the default Ubuntu repositories. GPRename easily can replace, remove, insert, delete and number consecutively files and directories. GPRename can be installed in 18.04 and later with the following command:

sudo apt install gprename

To get the functionality of reading EXIF metadata tags in 18.04 install renrot. renrot can rename and rotate files according to EXIF tags. renrot can be installed in 18.04 and later with the following command:

sudo apt install renrot


Missing C partition after installing ubuntu

Based on the output of fdisk, you have about 150GB of free (unpartitioned) space on disk sda, before the start of partition sda3. You can create a new partition there.

I think you're confused because you deleted a partition, but you thought you were deleting the contents of the partition.