See here for the standard ModX installation instructions:
https://docs.modx.com/revolution/2.x/getting-started/installation

The following instruction also looks very complete: https://websiteforstudents.com/install-modx-cms-on-ubuntu-17-04-17-10-with-apache2-mariadb-and-php-support/

Needed before installing ModX: Apache or NGINX, PHP, MySQL or MariaDB (check the server requirements: https://docs.modx.com/revolution/2.x/getting-started/server-requirements)

download the software of MODX, for example by using:

wget https://modx.com/download/direct?id=modx-2.6.5-pl.zip

unzip the file and copy the contents to your wished directory (xxxx), create some directories and set some rights (this might be a bit overkill):

unzip modx-2*
cd modx-2*
cp -R * /var/www/xxxx
cp ht.access /var/www/xxxx/.htaccess
cd /var/www/xxxx
mkdir assets
mkdir assets/components
mkdir assets/files
mkdir core/components
touch core/config/config.inc.php
chgrp -R www-data *
chown -R www-data *
chmod -R 750 *
chmod -R 770 core/packages
chmod -R 770 core/cache
chmod -R 770 core/export
chmod -R 770 core/components
chmod 770 core/config/config.inc.php
chmod -R 770 manager
chmod -R 770 assets
chmod -R 770 connectors
cd ..
chgrp -R www-data xxxx
chmod 770 xxxx

Create a database for the ModX site with general_CI and create a userid that has the right to create tables in the database.

setup the handling of the relevant domain in Apache (https://websiteforstudents.com/install-modx-cms-on-ubuntu-17-04-17-10-with-apache2-mariadb-and-php-support/) or NGINX (https://docs.modx.com/revolution/2.x/getting-started/installation/basic-installation/nginx-server-config).

Run the ModX setup; just go to the link for the site with added "/setup", something like:

http://xxxx.com/setup

Make sure that the setup software is removed (if not already done by setup-software):

cd /var/www/xxxx
rm -r setup

And make sure that the configuration file is not editable anymore (if not already done by setup-software):

cd core/config
chmod 440 config.inc.php


Can't see anything I type except on internet, can't download anything, can't even open software center.

Open a terminal, or press Ctrl-Alt-F1 (press Ctrl-Alt-F7 to get back into XWindows), then type in:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

If you have further problems, then you may wish to start a new question.


dpkg stuck in viscious cycle in recovery mode

At the login screen I was able to get to a tty ctrl+alt+F3. At the tty I ran

dpkg --configure -a

This time it succeeded because I wasn't in recovery-mode.

Finally I was able to install my video card driver

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

After rebooting I can log in fine. Seems like a bug to me though.


Missing Libraries When Trying to Use GPU with Tensorflow

This works in Ubuntu 19.10 (and likely other versions):

WARNING: This might hose your NVIDIA graphics driver so back steps to boot via backup disk, ZFS snapshot, or whatever. You have been warned.

I was able to boot into a graphical version, but OpenGL was broken. Directions on how I restored this are below.

wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1810/x86_64/cuda-repo-ubuntu1810_10.1.168-1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1810_10.1.168-1_amd64.deb
wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1810/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub
sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub
sudo apt update
wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/nvidia-machine-learning-repo-ubuntu1804_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i nvidia-machine-learning-repo-ubuntu1804_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt update

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends \
    cuda-10-1 \
    libcudnn7=7.6.4.38-1+cuda10.1  \
    libcudnn7-dev=7.6.4.38-1+cuda10.1

    # Install TensorRT. Requires that libcudnn7 is installed above.
sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends
    libnvinfer6=6.0.1-1+cuda10.1 \
    libnvinfer-dev=6.0.1-1+cuda10.1 \
    libnvinfer-plugin6=6.0.1-1+cuda10.1

As I said above, I had to reinstall my NVIDIA graphics card drives:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers
sudo apt update
sudo apt -u dist-upgrade

Then reboot and try both importing tensorflow as well as running an OpenGL application. Both should work if things went well.


This might sound a little bit stupid, but: Reason for this was that my server was running a Xen kernel. Xen does not play well (not at all) with KVM.


Trying to set hot corner as overview and super key as view applications

Tested in gnome-shell 3.38.0
you can use below script to toggle showapps
#!/bin/bash

status=`gdbus call --session --dest org.gnome.Shell --object-path /org/gnome/Shell --method org.gnome.Shell.Eval 'Main.overview.visible'`

if [ "$status" == "(true, 'false')" ]; then

dbus-send --session --type=method_call --dest=org.gnome.Shell /org/gnome/Shell org.gnome.Shell.Eval string:'Main.shellDBusService.ShowApplications()'
else
dbus-send --session --type=method_call --dest=org.gnome.Shell /org/gnome/Shell org.gnome.Shell.Eval string:'Main.overview.hide()'
fi

binding the above script to Super_L key is not possible in native way via keyboard shortcuts..
to have a workaround install xcape with the command sudo apt install xcape and configure Super_L with any other two combinations and set those two combinations as keyboard shortcut to run the above script.
you can have a idea from this post https://askubuntu.com/a/1219495/739431 under

Win key switches to the first layout


Urdu fonts not rendering properly in Chrome

Download and install nafees-urdu fonts.

Update the package index:

sudo apt-get update

Install the fonts-nafees package:

sudo apt-get install fonts-nafees

and refresh your browser. This works fine for me.

or try this: http://www.urdujahan.com/linux.html


Video streams requiring Windows Media Player plugin stopped working

Install wine. Use winetricks to install firefox 10 after install flash player and windows media player plugin in windows firefox that you have installed in wine.


I feel really silly now. I had tried creating a custom lightdm.conf in /etc/lightdm/, but I had the session set as "openbox-session."

For anyone out there reading this, the name must match the file in /usr/share/xsessions. openbox is not like gnome-session, ubuntu-session, etc. It is just openbox.


"Microsoft Windows Compatibility Layer (meta-package)"

Is a meta package, it contains all the meta data (info on required libs etc) for installing wine on your distribution.

"Wine Windows Program Loader"

This is wine program itself.

"Q4wine"

Q4Wine will help you manage wine prefixes and installed applications, a front end for wine configuration.

"Play on Linux"

Again this is a front end for wine that focuses more on installing games.

"Was it unnecessary to install all four? Are they going to interfere with each other?"

Well play on linux and Q4wine require wine of course and both are useful in there own way, so no worries there, and the meta package simply points to and installs wine and any other requirements (probably Q4wine too), so no issues there. the frontends aren't required but are great for beginners.


Why can't I install noise (music player) in Ubuntu 13.10?

If you look at the ppa page on launchpad.net, you'll see that the noise package is only built for Trusty (14.04), not 13.10:

https://launchpad.net/~elementary-os/+archive/daily/+packages?field.name_filter=noise


Initially I just want to open a port on the firewall, but there doesn't seem to be any obvious way to do that.

Ubuntu ships with no open network ports, but ports are opened by applications so if you have installed or enabled network services (network file sharing, web servers, ssh, remote desktop, etc), then you may have open ports.

Open a terminal session (control alt f2) and after you paste this it will show you open ports:

sudo netstat -ntlup

From the UFW wiki page.

The easiest way to close ports is to use ufw. This will show if ufw is active:

sudo ufw status

(by default it is active).

To allow incoming tcp and udp packet on port 53

sudo ufw allow 53

To deny tcp and udp packets on port 53

sudo ufw deny 53

  System Settings

Ubuntu Tweak is a tool someone created that adds lots of settings. More info here.
You can install it with these commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

But ... I would advice to ask more about specific settings. Mosttimes it is easier just to open a text file and edit that. After you are a command line junkie like some of us you will be a lot quicker setting up a system than with any GUI.

  Network

Rightclick your network connection at the top right. It will have a properties option with all settings for networking.


Network connection not linking permanently

Put this in /etc/rc.local

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

ethtool --change enp1s0 speed 100 duplex full autoneg off
exit 0

Out of curiosity: do you have any idea why you have to force your ethernet settings? Does the other end of the cable not auto-negotiate? Is it a crappy network card?


To enable compositing, i.e., true transparency not just pseudo-transparency, you have to enable ARGB:

own_window yes
own_window_type normal
own_window_class conky-semi
own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager
own_window_transparent yes
own_window_argb_visual yes
own_window_argb_value 128

If you want a semi-transparent black background, just set own_window_transparent no

To control the transparency level, play with own_window_argb_value, ranging from 0 to 255.

Source: http://crunchbanglinux.org/forums/topic/13231/solved-compositing-and-conky-wierdness/


Unable to start Kubuntu after updating from 13.10 to 14.04

(Converting OP's comment into an answer)

The ATI graphics driver wasn't installed properly. After uninstalling that, the graphical interface worked fine.


Black borders around the window when taking a screenshot

It's indeed a new bug. As a workaround you can add "drop shadow" effect while taking screenshot from a window.

In command line you can use this:

gnome-screenshot -w --border-effect=shadow


How do make my screen brightness not change when i charge my laptop

Open System Settings -> Brightness and Lock and uncheck the Dim screen to save power option.


chrome crashing too often in Ubuntu 14.04

I have the same problem - try to run it with --disable-gpu flag, like

google-chrome --disable-gpu

also I use three monitors on two nvidia videocards with opened developer tools (I guess this is the reason)


apt-mirror: can't create /dir:/mirror directory at /usr/bin/apt-mirror line 342

apt-mirror is meant to be run by the user apt-mirror, not root.

So don't run it as root. It will mess everything up.

First, make sure that the path is owned, readable and writable by the apt-mirror user.

And launch it as that user:

sudo -iu apt-mirror apt-mirror


How to show service notifications on the desktop

I've tried it in the next way:

Check if I could see service logs in journalctl: journalctl -t sshd -f
Create new service that will run my journalctl command and output it using notifications on the desktop: sudo vim.tiny /etc/systemd/system/shownotes.service

[Unit]
Description=Show notifications from service on the desktop
After=sshd.service

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/home/user/test/output.sh
WorkingDirectory=/home/user/test
StandardOutput=journal+console

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Create script: vim.tiny /home/user/test/output.sh:

#!/bin/bash
export DISPLAY=:0 && journalctl -t sshd -f > /dev/pts/0

I use echo $DISPLAY to get display value. /dev/pts/0 - notifications output device. sshd - service, which syslog's output I will direct to DISPLAY=:0.
Start and enable new service:

sudo systemctl start shownotes && sudo systemctl enable shownotes

The state of the new service in real time I could see by:

journalctl -u shownotes -f

Results:

But after rebooting and entering into Gnome session, not Kubuntu/Plazma, it started showing notification on /dev/pts/2


No sound output both speakers and headphone toshiba satellite m55 Xubuntu 12.10

Try this - Navigate to this menu -  settings-> sound -> output  & try different options under play sound through. You can use Test sound button to check if choosing any of those options work for you.


Kakasi is the one for Linux.

Kakashi
http://kakasi.namazu.org/index.html.en (In English)

First download the source file http://kakasi.namazu.org/stable/kakasi-2.3.6.tar.gz

% gzip -dc kakasi-2.3.5.tar.gz | tar xvf -
% cd kakasi-2.3.5
% ./configure
% make
% su
# make install

I see them often online web API. For example, Kanji to hiragana web page
http://tool.stabucky.com/convert/kanji2kana.php

These applications do the other way of Japanese input method does.
Application builders export the dictionary somehow and build a database from them, in my opinion.


I dont think that gpu is up to running unity try xubuntu or lubuntu they are the same os but with diffrent desktops.

or try one of the many lightwaight linux distros like puppy linux etc

there are millions of distros on google or www.distrowatch.com has many reviews

sorry if that dose not help much but its worth a try just so you know your exact problem.


On my system lsusb runs, so I look for the file

guiverc@d960-ubu2:~$   whereis lsusb
lsusb: /usr/bin/lsusb /usr/share/man/man8/lsusb.8.gz

I look for what package the command is found

guiverc@d960-ubu2:~$   dpkg -S /usr/bin/lsusb
usbutils: /usr/bin/lsusb

At this point I'd probably have the answer you want, ie. ensure that package is installed, on my box I can use

guiverc@d960-ubu2:~$   apt-cache policy usbutils
usbutils:
  Installed: 1:010-3
  Candidate: 1:010-3
  Version table:
 *** 1:010-3 500
        500 http://ftp.iinet.net.au/pub/ubuntu eoan/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

or in summary; check you have usbutils installed, and sudo apt install usbutils if you don't.


Try connecting it, then umount it then try to partition it with a
 "sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 -I /dev/sdX"


Wireless notification when session start in Kubuntu

I believe this can be changed through System Settings -> Application and System Notifications -> Event Source: Notifies About Network Errors -> Active connection state changed. There, uncheck the "Show message in a popup".

Hope this helps. It is truly annoying that the notification doesn't disappear by itself, it would be quite harmless if it did.


screen starts up with lines running across?

I also get that in Ubuntu 12.10 Alpha 3 VM. (Don't worry, now I have 12.10 final and that problem is fixed).

The EASIEST way that worked for me is log off the PC and log in again.
Then, you will not see that anymore!
BUT,
if you shut down and start the PC later, you should repeat again (log off the PC and log in again).


floppy drive not working properly in ubuntu 10.04

I had this problem recently on Lubuntu 12.04, and published this guide on my website.

I have included the relevant information below, hopefully it should work for you on 10.04.

How to Mount & Access Floppy Discs Using Ubuntu

First open a terminal and use the command gksudo gedit /etc/group
Then find the floppy group and add your username next to it, then
save the file.
Next open your Package Manager and install fdutils.
This can   also be done from a terminal using sudo apt-get install fdutils.
Then open a terminal and use the command udisks --mount /dev/fd0 to
mount the floppy.
Then open your file manager & navigate to /media/floppy0 to read or
write files on the floppy disc.
When you have finished using the floppy use the command udisks --unmount /dev/fd0 to unmount the floppy.


TV HDMI output and resolution issues; broken after 11.04 upgrade

i'm not sure if the actual problem is the same, but i had to do some research for this exact same problem (although my gpu was nvidia, not intel) and what i had to do is create a custom EDID bin to specify the monitor device to Xorg

it is strange that it worked for you on 10.10 and it broke at 11.04.  I actually had this problem on 10.10

in any case, here is the thread where i asked and eventually solved a similar issue: https://superuser.com/questions/280615/ubuntu-10-10-getting-appropiate-monitor-resolution-for-lcd-hdtv


Why doesn't unity show icons or panel after installing numix theme?

If you have intel hd graphics, try to install the intel drivers. I had installed drivers from "xorg-edgers" ppa until now. I needed to purge that ppa and their packages, downgrade the drivers to the ubuntu built-in and then install the Intel new drivers for 14.04 LTS for have unity working again.


Ubuntu 14.04 updated last night - HDMI video stopped working

As with most other issues I have seen here - it was a bunch of random actions that fixed it.

Connected to VGA and HDMI - only VGA worked.
Created an installation USB for ubuntu 14.04 using "startup disk      creator" and left it in the USB.
Shutdown using the GUI.
Booted into BIOS and changed the boot order to have USB boot first
(or so I thought).
Left the BIOS at Press Enter to Save & Close
Disconnected VGA cable
Pressed Enter... PC rebooted and HDMI worked - booted immediately into Ubuntu - not
the live/install USB.
Removed the USB, rebooted and it still works!?!


Freemat 4.0-5build1 is the newest version for 14.04.

If you need a newer version, you should probably install from source, or upgrade to 18.04, which has Freemat 4.2 available.

You can show more information about a package with apt policy packagename. This is what is shown on 18.04:

$ apt policy freemat
freemat:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 4.2+dfsg1-6
  Version table:
     4.2+dfsg1-6 500
        500 http://no.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages


Can wget be used to pull specific data from a webpage?

wget (or curl, for that matter) can't do that, but then the usual practice is to fetch the page and extract the relevant parts using another tool preferably one that understands HTML. For example, to fetch Premier League table data from BBC, I do:

curl http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/tables -Ls |
  pup '.gel-long-primer tr td:nth-child(3), .gel-long-primer tr td:nth-child(10), .gel-long-primer tr td:nth-child(11) text{}'

(which gets me the team names, goal difference and points, which I later process using awk, etc. to create a Cann table.)

Inspect the source of the page to see if the HTML element with the score you're interested has an identifying characteristic, like an id or name attribute, or is related to one which you can otherwise filter, then use pup, etc. to get that element from the data downloaded by wget or curl. The site you mentioned doesn't open for me, so I can't help with that.


Error installing Ubuntu Server 18.04 with vmworkstation 12.0 "kernel panic - not syncing: corrupted stack end detected inside scheduler"

I had encounter the same issue during install ubuntu-18.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso into VMWare Version 12.0.0. Because Ubuntu 18.04 require version at least 14.0.0 and above.

After I install the VMWare Version 14.0.0 the installation going smooth. Please update your VMware Workstation.

Reference :

https://blog.csdn.net/private66/article/details/80913379 (Chinese Language)
https://blog.csdn.net/uvu5629/article/details/80559911 (Chinese Language)


Firefox uses a different keyboard layout on Ubuntu 19.04

Terminal and Gedit are Gnome products but FireFox is not. You could try the Unity Desktop:

How to Switch from GNOME to Unity in Ubuntu 18.04 and 17.10

Although written for 17.10 and 18.04 the same installation techniques apply with 19.04.

For a different set of screenshots with Ubuntu 19.04 installation of Unity see:

Unity Desktop on Ubuntu 19.04

The only other thing I can think of trying is a different version of Firefox but I'm not sure how successful this would be:

How to install previous Firefox version?


You should follow the themes installation procedure, but normally it should go something like themename/index.theme. Ex.

$ ls /usr/share/themes/
Adwaita           Industrial         MurrinaCrystal       MurrineRoundedIcon
AgingGorilla      Kiwi               MurrinaCrystalCurve  MurrineRoundedLessFramed
Albatross         Metabox            MurrinaCrystalHuman  MurrineRoundedLessFramedIcon
Ambiace Precise   Mist               MurrinaCrystalLine   Murrine-Sky
Atlanta           MurrinaAquaIsh     MurrinaDark          NOX
Bluebird          MurrinaAzul        MurrinaEalm          Orangine
Bright            MurrinaBlau        MurrinaElement       Raleigh
Clearlooks        MurrinaBleu        MurrinaFancyCandy    Redmond
Crux              MurrinaBlu         MurrinaGilouche      shearwater
Default           MurrinaBlue        MurrinaLoveGray      Shiki-Brave
Emacs             MurrinaCandido     MurrinaNeoGraphite   Shiki-Colors-Easy-Metacity
Esco              MurrinaCandy       MurrinaVerdeOlivo    Shiki-Colors-Metacity
greybird          MurrinaCappuccino  Murrine-Gray         Shiki-Colors-Striped-Metacity
greybird-compact  MurrinaChrome      Murrine-Light        Simple
HighContrast      MurrinaCream       MurrineRounded       ThinIce
$ ls /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/
backgrounds  gtk-2.0  gtk-3.0  index.theme  metacity-1

The same for your ~/.themes directory:

$ ls .themes/
Adwaita-Dark  Darkair
$ ls .themes/Adwaita-Dark/
index.theme gtk-2.0  gtk-3.0

When you extract the files, should be like that.


How do I install Ubuntu 20.04 with old/non EFI BIOS?

I did not create any bios_grub partitions, so that might be it. But I never had to before and you would think the partitioner would warn you about that, like it should warn you that you don't have a partition designated as root.
But it seems that is par for the course for the partitioner. It provides an option to delete partition and then gives you an error when choosing it. It's also annoying to be required to use GPT partitions. Plus on the third install attempt I noticed one of the drives (seemingly at random) offered an option to make it "bootable", but it didn't seem to have any effect. I'm incredibly underwhelmed with the partitioner in general so hopefully it will be improved by 22.04 when I probably won't have any choice but to use it. Also, I don't know how long I waited on the process to finish the first time before I noticed that a tiny "Reboot" option had appeared at the bottom. No message or log item stating it was done or it was OK to reboot, nothing.
However, it turns out that there is an Ubuntu 20.4 "legacy server install" ISO, which solved my problem. The URL is "http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-legacy-server/releases/20.04/release/". I had zero problems using that ISO and it was a pleasure to use.


It may be a problem of your Linux OS and Genymotion compatibility,
genymotion 2.7.2 is not compatible with Ubuntu 14.04.

Even after you installed the bin file, if genymotion still can't work normally, you have to add a PPA.

Open terminal and type this:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.9 g++-4.9


User access to FTP and at same time set www-data as owner/group

This guy Tom deserves a medal for this post on ServerFault

Setting group ID the way he explains made it work!

  Attempting to expand on @Zoredache's answer, as I give this a go
  myself:

  Create a new group (www-pub) and add the users to that group

groupadd www-pub
usermod -a -G www-pub usera    # must use -a to append to existing groups
usermod -a -G www-pub userb
groups usera    ## display groups for user

  Change the ownership of everything under /var/www to root:www-pub

chown -R root:www-pub /var/www    # -R for recursive

  Change the permissions of all the folders to 2775

 chmod 2775 /var/www

  2=set group id, 7=rwx for owner (root), 7=rwx for group (www-pub), 5=rx for world (including apache www-data
  user)

  Set group ID (SETGID) bit (2) causes the group (www-pub) to be copied to all new files/folders created in that folder.  Other
  options are SETUID (4) to copy the user id, and STICKY (1) which I
  think lets only the owner delete files.

  There's a -R recursive option, but that won't discriminate between files and folders, so you have to use find, like so:

find /var/www -type d -exec chmod 2775 {} +

  Change all the files to 0664

find /var/www -type f -exec chmod 0664 {} +

  Change the umask for your users to 0002

  The umask controls the default file creation permissions, 0002 means files will have 664 and directories 775.  Setting this (by
  editing the umask line at the bottom of /etc/profile in my case)
  means files created by one user will be writable by other users in the
  www-group without needing to chmod them.

  Test all this by creating a file and directory and verifying the
  owner, group and permissions with ls -l.

  Note: You'll need to logout/in for changes to your groups to take
  effect!


Which groups should I normally belong to?

This happened to me 2 weeks ago :)
That's what I get for groups command:
groups
myuser adm lpadmin admin sambashare vboxusers

Here is where I documented my rescue: Restore lost admin group membership
Short description of steps:
Boot up from the LiveCD, it doesn’t have to be the latest distribution, and open a terminal:
sudo mount /dev/sda1/mnt
sudo chroot /mnt

Note: instead of sda1 you should use the partition on which your root is mounted. If you are not sure about it, check in Disk Utility application (the default one on your liveCD.
Locate the groups:
cd /mnt/etc

The file which holds the groups is simply called groups. But because you have recently changed this file with the wrong command, you need to check the backup file in order to determine which were your old groups, so that you can add them back. The backup file is groups-.
Now, you have 2 options to go forward. The first one is to manually edit the groups file to add your user against the groups (take the back-up file as an example). The second option is to simply re-add the groups to your user with the usermod command. This way you learn the right format of the command:
usermod -aG group user

Cheers


How to add a new cluster controller to MaaS release 1.7?

I posted the solution here:

Adding two single Cluster Controller to a MaaS Region Controller


Cursor only moving horizontally on a macbook 6.2 with Ubuntu 12.04

Answered in comments by balloons

As a work around, it may help to remove your xorg.conf file and try using the nouveau (OSS) drivers for the nvidia card and see if things work under that config.


Why is a very small percentage of the swap being used when my ubuntu is almost freezing?

swap area is used in a smart way: the OS decides how to use it, when you have many apps running and you use most of them at a time simeltaniously they need to be in RAM to be ready, but swap area is something like a garage. the programs which are not used at time are parked there and when you need them the Kernel will load them into memory, if your memory is going to filled up completely the Kernel move some of apps to the swap area and moving this data is time consuming. how ever if you have a fast disk such as SSD you will not notice these movements.


Which command is issued when I choose "Shutdown..."?

Ubuntu's session indicator relies on dbus calls, for example the equivalent command in terminal would be this:

qdbus com.canonical.Unity /com/canonical/Unity/Session com.canonical.Unity.Session.Shutdown

As for whether or not some of the machines don't shutdown, I would assume either a bug or dbus calls are being blocked by something


Your C: drive will be erased, but as long as you don't touch the other drives, you'll be able to access them out of the box. The file system is called NTFS.


Bose Soundlink II Headphones won't connect with Ubuntu 16.04

So what worked for me is this -

Disconnect Bose headphones from Blueman-applet
run commands:
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio-module-bluetooth
pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover
turn off Bose
turn on Bose and put Bose into paring mode
on Blueman applet right click and select setup new device
Select Bose headphones as device, then pair, then connect to hands free
finish pairing device and set it as trusted device
right click bose-applet > select recent device > select bose headphones
you should be connected! head to sound settings and change bose audio profile to a2dp sink instead of handset headunit (hsp...)

note: may be easier to select headphones in step 6 but I have not tried so


No network connection with installed version but USB version works

Please do from your installed ubuntu:

sudo modprobe ssb
sudo modprobe b44

now ethernet should come on, then do:

sudo apt-get purge --remove bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Reboot and wireless should come on.


How to show hidden folders in File Manager (Nautilus) on Ubuntu?

Ubuntu 17.10 and earlier

Maximize the folder.

Go to the top menu -->View->Show hidden files:

Or by pressing ctrl + H.

For permanently showing hidden files, you can go to the Edit>Preferences menu item as shown below:

With the terminal you should:

cd /path-of-directory

ls -a


How to run Wireless Info Script without internet?

If you are on windows 8 or up then you need to do a complete shutdown in windows before mounting the drive in Ubuntu (if not you will get an error during mount), to do that press shift button while you click on shutdown in windows
then boot into Ubuntu and mount the required NTFS drive
Now to mount the drive:

sudo fdisk -l find the label of the partition
create a mount point sudo mkdir /media/<MntName>
mount the partition sudo mount /dev/label /media/<MntName> if it didn't work try sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/label /media/<MntName>


Can't connect to internet on Kubuntu 14.04, BCM4311

You have a wrong driver installed.

Connect to the internet by wire and run:

sudo apt update
sudo apt purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt install firmware-b43-installer
sudo modprobe b43


I think the issue was related to my second monitor, which I had plugged in but turned off. My theory is that the window was displaying on my other monitor and I just couldn't see it.

The fix for me was disconnecting the monitor and rebooting.


Is it possible that Google Drive is in bundled in Google Chrome?

Google Drive is a web application. Web applications are websites or webpages that can be accessed online and run as applications by themselves. Google Drive is not bundled with Google Chrome, and it is not necessary to install software locally in order to use Google Drive in a web browser.

Google Drive can also be accessed locally in Ubuntu. For instructions about how to access Google Drive locally in Ubuntu see: Is there a Google Drive client available?. Some of the answers to "Is there a Google Drive client available?" are obsolete, but at least one of the answers has been updated recently, and it works in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu.


Combine a falling animation with a going up animation on click

I fixed it with this code:

import QtQuick 2.0
import Ubuntu.Components 1.1

Page {
    id: gamePage
    objectName: "gamePage"

    title: i18n.tr("Salty Bird")
    width: parent.width
    height: parent.height

    Component.onCompleted: {
        header.visible = false
    }

    MouseArea {
        id: playArea
        objectName: "playArea"

        width: parent.width
        height: parent.height

        Image {
            id: pelicanSprite
            objectName: "pelicanSprite"

            x: root.margins
            y: root.margins
            width: units.gu(6)
            height: units.gu(6)
            source: "Pelican1.png"

            SequentialAnimation on source {
                id: flyAnimation
                objectName: "flyAnimation"

                loops: Animation.Infinite

                PropertyAnimation {
                    to: "Pelican1.png"
                }

                PropertyAnimation {
                    to: "Pelican2.png"
                }
            }

            SequentialAnimation on y {
                id: fallingBird
                objectName: "fallingBird"

                NumberAnimation {
                    from: pelicanSprite.y
                    to: playArea.height - pelicanSprite.height
                    duration: (playArea.height - pelicanSprite.y
                               - pelicanSprite.height) / 120 * 1000
                }

                onRunningChanged: {
                    if (running !== true && pelicanSprite.y === playArea.height
                            - pelicanSprite.height)
                    {
                        flyAnimation.stop()
                        pelicanSprite.source = "Pelican_Death.png"
                        playArea.enabled = false
                    }
                }
            }

            SequentialAnimation on y {
                id: upBird
                objectName: "upBird"

                running: false

                NumberAnimation {
                    from: pelicanSprite.y
                    to: pelicanSprite.y - units.gu(9)
                    duration: 200
                }

                onRunningChanged: {
                    if (running !== true)
                        fallingBird.start()
                }
            }
        }

        Image {
            id: menuImage
            objectName: "menuImage"

            x: playArea.width - pauseImage.width - width - root.margins
               - root.spacing
            y: root.margins
            width: units.gu(3)
            height: units.gu(3)

            source: "menu.svg"
        }

        Image {
            id: pauseImage
            objectName: "pauseImage"

            x: playArea.width - width - root.margins
            y: root.margins
            width: units.gu(3)
            height: units.gu(3)

            source: "pause.svg"

            MouseArea {
                id: pauseArea
                objectName: "pauseArea"

                width: parent.width
                height: parent.height

                onClicked: {
                    fallingBird.running === true ? fallingBird.stop() :
                                                   fallingBird.start()

                    flyAnimation.running === true ? flyAnimation.stop() :
                                                    flyAnimation.start()

                    flyAnimation.running === true ? playArea.enabled = true :
                                                    playArea.enabled = false

                    flyAnimation.running === true ?
                                pauseImage.source = "pause.svg" :
                                pauseImage.source = "start.svg"
                }
            }
        }

        onClicked: {
            if (pelicanSprite.y > (pelicanSprite.height + root.margins +
                                   root.spacing + pauseImage.height))
            {
                fallingBird.stop()
                upBird.start()
            }
        }
    }
}

There's also now a working pause button and a non working menu button. The problem was solved combining the onClicked function of the playArea and the onRunningChanged one of the upBird animation. Apart from that, the duration should be set depending on what's left to run for the pelican so that the speed is constant, no matter where you click. Otherwise, the closer to the end you clicked, the slower it'd go, trying to run in 5 seconds a smaller distance.

The y option was changed to the pelicanSprite.y instead of simply y, too, making it work properly.


Will ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS work on my macbook?

I'm reading your question as wanting to run Linux on your Mac, rather than setting up a dual-boot.

I'd suggest virtualization in lieu of configuring a dual-boot if your goal is just to run Linux on your Mac OSX system. That's what myself and many others Linux folks with Macs do.  VirtualBox is a popular option that's free and proven to work well on a Mac.

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

Linux on a Mac: Virtualization versus Dual-Booting

VirtualBox is easy to setup and can be upgraded in-place.
You can side-step driver issues like you're experiencing: I'm running 18.04 as a VM on my own MacBook with VirtualBox and its' networking is straight; no driver problems.
Both OSX and Linux Operating Systems can be run concurrently.  You do not need to reboot into different OS which is really interruptive.
No need to allocate dedicated partitioned space for another OS which would be the case in a dual-boot.  Using VirtualBox you can just create VMs from available free disk space on your Mac.  If you get tight on space for your Mac, you can free some up by deleting the VM; not so easy with a dual boot.
VM's can be backedup with Time Machine as any other file. Note though they should not be running during the backup however.
You can migrate your Linux VMs to a new Mac as a file.  I think I've migrated the same VM now to 3 different Macs by this point

Networking

In respect to network connectivity- shouldn't have any driver issues now -  you have a choice of bridging or NAT'ing. If you're not a networking guru, bridging is easy to setup.

Anyhoo, hope this helps you integrate Ubuntu 18.04 LTS into your Mac OSX environment-


Just installed Ubuntu 12.04, not sure if I did it right

Yeah that won't get rid of some partitions as we see here. If the system is working fine I wouldn't worry too much. The only way to be 100% safe would be for you to boot from the ubuntu installer again, do a deep format of the hard drive, and then reinstall ubuntu on it with the normal installer. Then you'll be sure that only ubuntu is left and everything in there is as it's supposed to be. Not that you won't run into problems in the future but you will certainly not run into weird partition-related issues or lingering data interfering somehow.


Restricted shell is not working for a newly created user (ubuntu 18.04)

In man bash, the restricted shell is mentioned as follows:

   If bash is started with the name rbash, or the -r option is supplied at
   invocation, the shell becomes restricted.

However, it looks like the version of su in Ubuntu 18.04 replaces the name of the shell with su; so when bash looks at its argv[0] it sees su (or -su in the case that su was invoked with one of the -, -l or --login options) instead of rbash (or -rbash).

You can actually change this behavior by editing the /etc/login.defs file and commenting out the SU_NAME setting:

# If defined, the command name to display when running "su -".  For
# example, if this is defined as "su" then a "ps" will display the
# command is "-su".  If not defined, then "ps" would display the
# name of the shell actually being run, e.g. something like "-sh".
#
# SU_NAME               su

Whether this is a good idea, or may have other unintended consequences, I can't say. Note that newer versions of Ubuntu likely use a different implementation of /bin/su (from the util-linux package) which may not exhibit the same behavior.


I've googled out a very good advise on forums that helps me to achieve a Dolby like sound on my Kubuntu 19.04 with Lenovo g780.

Install PulseEffects https://github.com/wwmm/pulseeffects
(repos with deb files are here: https://github.com/wwmm/pulseeffects/wiki/Package-Repositories#debian--ubuntu)
Restart the user session or reboot after this, because PulseAudio will be upgraded, and it may cause problems if you don't restart.
Run PulseEffects and close it. It'll create all settings dirs on first launch. They required for next step.
Install PulseEffects-Presets from here: https://github.com/JackHack96/PulseEffects-Presets
(I've used the suggested script that automatically downloads them to PulseEffects import dirs, it will require flatpak that could be got from repos with sudo apt install flatpak)
Launch PulseEffects again. Select Convolver. Enable it. Click on wave button. You'll see a list of presets. Enable:

Dolby ATMOS ((128K MP3)) 1.Default.irs

Close the dialog and that's it. You can toggle Convolver in PulseEffects on and off while playng music to compare results. You may play with other presets as well.

For improving sound on a notebook or a tablet PulseEffects help pages come with a tuorial about how to achieve this.

App can be minimized to tray on GTK-enabled desktops with an additional application: https://github.com/boomshop/pulseffectstray

It's better enable autostart in app settings (it will copy it's desktop file to ~/.config/autostart with --gapplication-service command line. So next time start without GUI).


HP DeskJet 2778 All-in-One Ink Advantage Wireless Colour Printer not working

hp-plugin

HP Linux Imaging and Printing System (ver. 3.20.11)
Plugin Download and Install Utility ver. 2.1

Copyright (c) 2001-18 HP Development Company, LP
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
This is free software, and you are welcome to distribute it
under certain conditions. See COPYING file for more details.

HP Linux Imaging and Printing System (ver. 3.20.11)
Plugin Download and Install Utility ver. 2.1

Copyright (c) 2001-18 HP Development Company, LP
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
This is free software, and you are welcome to distribute it
under certain conditions. See COPYING file for more details.

(python3:1449): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: 08:12:56.838: g_dbus_proxy_new: assertion 'G_IS_DBUS_CONNECTION (connection)' failed

(python3:1449): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: 08:12:56.838: g_dbus_proxy_new: assertion 'G_IS_DBUS_CONNECTION (connection)' failed

(python3:1449): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: 08:12:56.838: g_dbus_proxy_new: assertion 'G_IS_DBUS_CONNECTION (connection)' failed
Checking for network connection...
Downloading plug-in from:
Receiving digital keys: /usr/bin/gpg --homedir /home/hontra/.hplip/.gnupg --no-permission-warning --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 0x4ABA2F66DBD5A99894990E0673D770CDA59047B9
-^Creating directory plugin_tmp
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing HPLIP 3.20.11 Plugin Self Extracting Archive..............................................................

HP Linux Imaging and Printing System (ver. 3.20.11)
Plugin Installer ver. 3.0

Copyright (c) 2001-18 HP Development Company, LP
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
This is free software, and you are welcome to distribute it
under certain conditions. See COPYING file for more details.

Plug-in version: 3.20.11
Installed HPLIP version: 3.20.11
Number of files to install: 64

(python3:1804): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: 18:56:11.307: g_dbus_proxy_new: assertion 'G_IS_DBUS_CONNECTION (connection)' failed

(python3:1804): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: 18:56:11.307: g_dbus_proxy_new: assertion 'G_IS_DBUS_CONNECTION (connection)' failed

(python3:1804): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: 18:56:11.307: g_dbus_proxy_new: assertion 'G_IS_DBUS_CONNECTION (connection)' failed
Plugin installation failed
error: Python gobject/dbus may be not installed
error: Plug-in install failed.


How to set up localhost to redirect a website

Basically, besides the hosts file redirection you already figured out, your computer needs to provide the web service. So that means installing a web server which would allow your browser to find the javascript at https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js

The difference is ajax.googleapis.com resolves to 127.0.0.1 so your web server must/will deliver jquery.min.js to your browser instead of Google's server. Installing a server may or may not be as hard as you might think. It just depends on your experience and how eager you are to read documentation (man pages, web hosted, etc.) for the web server you choose. Apache2 is the current "full service" (does everything) free web server, but you may want to search for a light weight alternative.

I hope this helps and gets you going and looking in the right direction. The best part of doing it this way is you aren't stretching any boundaries with the authorities.

By the way, https resolves to port 443 on your configuration (http is port 80). This is the secure transport configuration.


emails for all denied network activity using ufw

I could not find an answer I liked so per @heynnema's advice, I am capturing what I want from /var/log/ufw.log and formatting into a table for e-mail.

echo '<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">';
echo '';
echo '';
echo '<title></title>';
echo '';
echo '';
echo '';
echo '
';
echo '
count	in or out	source IP	destination IP	source port	destination port
';

# get all lines from yesterday
# capture the relevant data: IN, OUT, SRC, DST, SPT, and DPT
# send to awk
# get hostname for SRC and DST
# print everything as a table
sed -r "s/^$(date --date=yesterday +"%b %_d").*?\[UFW BLOCK\].*?IN=([^ ]*) OUT=([^ ]*) .*?SRC=([^ ]*) DST=([^ ]*) .*?SPT=([^ ]*) DPT=([^ ]*).*$/,\1,\2,\3,\4,\5,\6/;t;d" /var/log/ufw.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr |  awk -F"," '{
    inOrOut=$2==""?($3==""?"unknown":"out"):"in"

    cmd=sprintf("nslookup %s 2>/dev/null | sed -r -e \"s/^.*name = (.*)\.$/\\1/;t;d\"", $4)
    cmd | getline sourceName
    close(cmd)

    cmd=sprintf("nslookup %s 2>/dev/null | sed -r -e \"s/^.*name = (.*)\.$/\\1/;t;d\"", $5)
    cmd | getline destinationName
    close(cmd)

    printf "
%s	%s	%s (%s)	%s (%s)	%s	%s
\n", $1, inOrOut, $4, sourceName, $5, destinationName, $6, $7
}';

echo '
';
echo '
';
echo '
';

echo '';
echo '';

I have a daily cron job that runs this script and sends as HTML email.

This results in a table like so:

| count | in or out | source IP             | destination IP        | source port | destination port |
|-------|-----------|-----------------------|-----------------------|-------------|------------------|
| 3     | out       | 192.168.1.100 (host1) | 192.168.1.101 (host2) | 100         | 400              |
| 1     | in        | 192.168.1.101 (host2) | 192.168.1.100 (host1) | 200         | 500              |
| 1     | out       | 192.168.1.100 (host1) | 192.168.1.100 (host1) | 300         | 600              |


How to use NVIDIA GeForce M310 on Ubuntu 12.10 running as guest in VirtualBox?

PCI passthrough

PCI passthrough is experimentally supported in recent Virtual Box closed source (PUEL) versions. However there are several limitation, i.e. for a graphics card we can read from the Virtual Box User Manual:

  AGP and certain PCI Express cards are not supported at the moment if they rely on GART

I cant tell if this is the case with the Nvidia M310, you will have to figure this out first before you try.

To get PCI passthrough working we also need a motherboard with an enabled IOMMU from BIOS settings (i.e. VT-d for Intel, AMD-Vi for AMD).

There are several additional prerequisites to be met (see Virtual Box Manual for details):

  Your motherboard has an IOMMU unit.
  Your CPU supports the IOMMU.
  The IOMMU is enabled in the BIOS.
  The VM must run with VT-x/AMD-V and nested paging enabled.
  Your Linux kernel was compiled with IOMMU support, DMA remapping, and the PCI stub driver.
  Your Linux kernel recognizes and uses the IOMMU unit.

We can then attach a PCI device with its bus:device.function properties read from lspci to our virtual machine using:

VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --pciattach <host-bus>:<host-device>.<host-function>@<guest-bus>:<guest-device>.<guest-function>.

See in the guest with lspci if the device was attached properly before installing drivers for this device.

Please also refer to the Virtual Box Manual for further limitations.


RAWTherapee shows unedited photos with edited colors

Like Picasa, Rawtherapee makes non-destructive changes to an image.  A small sidecar file containing details of changes is stored in the same folder as the original but the original is untouched.  When you reload the original file into Rawtherapee the changes you made previously are read from the sidecar file and applied.  So you see the image as you last changed it.  If you load the original into an image viewer such as Gwenview the changes are not applied and you see the photo in its original state.  If you want to cancel changes made in Rawtherapee simply locate and delete the sidecar file - it has the extension .pp3.  Hope this helps.


What is the latest ubuntu version that I can use with my PowerMac G5 (non-intel?)

I think from the the supported hardware page the current LTS, 12.04 should be fine.  It says "NewWorld" architecture is supported for the Power Macintosh G5.

Alternate PowerPC ISO


Can't access server, 2FA rejecting verification codes and back-up codes don't work

In the end I had to delete and rebuild the server instance I was using. This is because the default settings for the root user prevented any other form of authentication but SSH-Key authentication and as such I was locked out of the server.

This means that under the default settings of the Ubuntu build from scaleway it is not possible to set up 2FA for the root user. It is possible however for users that are created, by following the instructions for Duo or Google two-factor.

I will be using Duo in future as it allows for pushing to the app for the 2FA and a simple button accept rather than typing in a verification key. Just ensure that to test the configuration while keeping an SSH connection open to prevent being locked out through a mistake.


Is to possible to have office documents opened in LibreOffice while using RStudio on modern Ubuntu?

To fix the problem we need to add the following line with LD_LIBRARY_PATH at the end of ~/.profile and to ~/.bashrc:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/lib/libreoffice/program:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"

and to rstudio.desktop launcher:
mkdir -p ~/.local/share/applications/
cp /usr/share/applications/rstudio.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/
sed -i "s|/usr/lib/rstudio/bin/rstudio|env LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/libreoffice/program /usr/lib/rstudio/bin/rstudio|"  ~/.local/share/applications/rstudio.desktop

Note: this method is also applicable to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and 20.10.


sed/awk - remove all tags except only two tags and plain texts

With the above command line it will function if you will never have those expression as text:

<w:
\>

The command line is:

cat Myfile.txt  | grep -E "color w:val=|highlight w:val=" | sed s/"<w:"/""/g | sed s/"\/>"/""/g

Explanation:

grep  -E, --extended-regexp PATTERN
Interpret PATTERN as an extended regular expression
| logical OR inside the PATTERN of grep
| pipe symbol in shell environment
sed s/"<w:"/""/g substitutes globally (everywhere) "<w:" with empty string ""

Note: it's possible to write sed in many other way and in a more compact way. I think so is didactic and can be used in a more wide range of possibility when is needed to substitute an expression with another.

This is the output:

highlight w:val="green"
color w:val="FF0000"


Can't remove software - Installed in NULL

The problem appeared to be known by the software developer. After gaining access to their support forum, i found this thread. https://www.cst.com/Content/Support/Forums/ShowThread.aspx?threadId=285

The problem is that the installer stores a hidden file ".com.zerog.registry.xml" in /var/.


/usr/bin/info (from package info) is a standalone info page viewer. It's not related to Emacs.

See info info for more about info.

The text you see if you start infO without an argument isn't created by info but the default info node (usually /usr/share/info/dir)


Finally i got it !!!

#!/bin/bash

read -p "Please enter the number to validate :" mynum

#mynum=234

if [ $mynum -eq 100 ]
then
    echo "mynum is equal to 100"
else
    echo "mynum is not equal to 100"
fi

./is
Please enter the number to validate :345
mynum is not equal to 100


How do I prevent Ubuntu from changing my laptop screen brightness level?

I faced the same problem on my Dell XPS. Currently there is no other way to save it according to brightness key.

First try executing

sudo su -c 'echo 5 > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness'

If it succed,try with different value for 5 and choose your preference level.

Now edit /etc/rc.local file to execute this command at boot up.

gksu gedit /etc/rc.local

Just before exit in the file, add the following line,

echo 5 > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness

You can change value 5 to anything.


Deleting files by way of the terminal where files have a certain keyword

The error you are getting is because you have too many files which means that * in your rm command is expanded to a list that is longer than the limit (ARG_MAX). So, to get around this you have various options:

Give rm only some of the files:

rm -rf ~/.local/share/Trash/Files/*.quo

Delete the directory containing the files, this avoids listing the files altogether:

rm -rf ~/.local/share/Trash/Files/

Use find:

find ~/.local/share/Trash/Files/ -delete

or, for non-GNU find:

find ~/.local/share/Trash/Files/ -exec rm {} +

Use a shell loop

for file in  ~/.local/share/Trash/Files/*; do rm "$file"; done


Systemd: Autostart service after mongodb

For future reference, I found this solution to work: https://gist.github.com/jwilm/5842956#gistcomment-2706797

That way mongodb blocks until the database is reachable before systemd starts the next service.

  If you have services that depend on mongodb, the config is slightly
  more difficult because the default mongodb service returns before the
  database is online. That can cause quick applications to try and fail
  to connect to the database. To prevent this, add the following to
  /etc/mongod.conf:

processManagement:
    fork: true

  Next, create /etc/systemd/system/mongod.service.d/mongod.conf (which
  extends the existing /lib/systemd/system/mongod.service) with the
  following content:

[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes

  That causes sudo systemctl start mongod to start the server in a
  forked process and return only AFTER the database is up and ready for
  connections. This way, dependent services only get invoked after the
  db is live.


How to workaround Eclipse on Ubuntu 13.10 bug

As I can't flag this question as a duplicate of this question. I'm lifting the answer for completeness sake (with some reformatting).

This bug has been confirmed in Ubuntu 13.10.

In order to overcome problem, you have to change your eclipse.desktop file in part of Exec passing env UBUNTU_MENUPROXY with the Eclipse path and Eclipse will be runnable from the launcher with a functional menu bar.

Here is pattern for changing eclipse.desktop file:

Exec=env UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= path/to/eclipse


Two factor authentication is still in beta, but you can follow the FAQ at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SSO/FAQs/2FA to request access to the beta.

This will allow you to enable the two factor requirement to access all web sites, but some client code does not support two factor yet.


There are always more places to hide default environment variables.
If the environment is set for a single user, it is worthwhile looking at these locations (assuming a bash shell):

.bashrc
.bash_profile
.bash_aliases (I know it shouldn't but it is sourced)
.profile
.login

if this is affecting all users, it's also worthwhile looking at these locations:

/etc/profile
/etc/profile.d/*
/etc/environment
/etc/profile
/etc/bash_completion (again, it shouldn't be, but this is generally sourced from a users .bashrc)

glad you found the location.


Restoring Linux System Files from Deja Dup Backup

deja-dup does cli, sure:

deja-dup --restore file

That should help if you've done a complete backup.


./clean-all nukes your $KEY_DIR (an env variable usually set via the ./vars script). The contents of the script are below. This should mean that the foundational keys that make your CA are toast and you should be forced to run build-ca in order to create new certs. This means you are safe from MitM attacks using your old keys should they have been compromised. You've ripped the foundation out and completely replaced it from the CA up.

#!/bin/sh

#
# Initialize the $KEY_DIR directory.
# Note that this script does a
# rm -rf on $KEY_DIR so be careful!
#

d=$KEY_DIR

if test $d; then
    rm -rf $d
    mkdir $d && \
    chmod go-rwx $d && \
    touch $d/index.txt && \
    echo 01 >$d/serial
else
    echo you must define KEY_DIR
fi


Printer in "pending" mode only, not printing

I found the problem. Under Settings>Printers>Policies "Enabled" was not selected. Why is this even an option?? Of all the features that used to make Ubuntu a good operating system have been stripped away, this one remains?? Unreal.


In case anybody wonders:

The issue here, is that when sudoing, a newenvironment is loaded, meaning that http_proxy is no longer set.

To resolve this issue you can add Defaults env_keep += "http_proxy https_proxy" to your /etc/sudoers file in order to keep those variables when switching to the secure path.

Reference: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables


How get names of lxc containers from host?

Add the line

server=/lxd/10.150.161.1

to your /etc/dnsmasq.conf and restart the dnsmasq service.  After that

nslookup ‹containter_name›.lxd

should work.

This assumes you use the currently default setup of running a dnsmasq daemon as a local DNS server (check whether your /etc/resolv.conf lists 127.0.0.x as the nameserver).  The quoted config line instructs this nameserver to query 10.150.161.1 for addresses in the .lxd domain.  A secondary dnsmasq runs there, which was set up by LXD installation — this is what your containers listen to.


Sound doesn't work with update 14.04 to 14.10

I have the same audio device, and noticed an unknown modem drive in the "Additional Drivers" tab of the "Software & Updates" setting.

I tried disabling the unknown driver and sound instantly worked.  However upon restart the driver was re-enabled.

For a more permanent fix I removed the package "sl-modem-daemon" and after a restart the audio was working again.

********:~$ sudo apt-get purge sl-modem-daemon

After a restart the driver is disabled and sound is working again.

Hope that helps.


Wi-Fi discconects shortly after router reset

Do:

sudo -i
echo "blacklist b43" >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
echo "blacklist ssb" >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
exit

Reboot

The answer comes from here.


How to do a minimal non-server install of Ubuntu?

You could look at using the mini.iso
There is some info on that ISO over at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD.
With that being said, the ISO does not support UEFI out of the box and requires you to add support if you need or want that.
They also document a portion of this on that same page (direct link - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD#mini_system_in_UEFI_mode).

I have been working on an Ansible script to build up an I3 install as well. If you get stuck on the UEFI portion, let me know. I did script it. However, I am not at my computer to grab that info.


Imo the best options are opendns

For information see http://www.opendns.com/home-internet-security/parental-controls/

You can also filter google search results.

The problem with such tools has always been the lack of a consensus on the filter list.

Good luck to you


How to setup Ethernet for local connection with a camera

In case somebody is running into the same problem, in my case the solution was very simpel: I just changed the ethernet network settings -> link negotiation from automatic to disable, now everything works fine.


Cannot wake up from suspend on ryzen 7 3700u

Om HHP-15-efo875ms also with ryzen7 3700u and vega 10 graphhics i had issuies running 19 and 20 as well and amd currently running ubuntu 18.04 after install i ran in terminal ...

sudo apt updatte && sudo apt upgrade -y

then

sudo apt install git-y

then

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y

.
the last command will upgrade the kernal .. I also max my screensaver timeouts and sleep never if charge cable attached ..


Open tweak tool and click, "Desktop" and on the first line there should be the option, "Have file manager manage the desktop" and make sure that it is set to, "on" instead of, "off". If this doesn't work maybe you may have to manually set the icon for the programs on the desktop. This you can achieve by going to your desktop in file manager and right clicking and selecting properties. Then just click on the icon of the desktop icon and go from there to select a new icon.


Open software updater from dash (search) and let it update package lists, If all programs on your computer are up to date it should notify you about the release update.


When I run apt-get update, is it supposed to have YOUR_UBUNTU_VERSION_HERE?

A correct line in /etc/apt/sources.list looks like this:

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net xenial/ main

or

deb https://cran.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/

Note the / directly after the version ("xenial"), and the space after the /.


How do I run a graphical sudo in bash on kubuntu 18.04 now that kdesudo is gone?

As you have discovered, you can use the -A option with sudo, but you need a gui method of supplying the password to sudo.

You can write such a tool anyway you want, as long as it passes the password back to sudo on stdout. I use a simple solution which someone suggested to me a very long time ago, that uses kdialog, and like all simple solutions, it has remained my go to ever since.

So create yourself a simple kdialog script, such as this

    #!/bin/bash
    kdialog --password "Password required to proceed"

Now you use this with sudo like this

    #!/bin/bash
    export SUDO_ASKPASS=<path to your kdialog script>
    sudo -A foo

You can of course use any language you want to for your gui password provider if you don't have kde

EDIT: Solution to bypassing sudo passwd_tries

So that you can just ask for the password once only (as you want to do), you can capture the password in a variable within the script and pass that variable directly to the sudo command using the -S switch.

This has the advantage that it ignores the sudo passwd_tries rule, and still requires the interactive password input, so the password is not stored within the script.

PASSWD=$(kdialog --password "sudo password required")
echo $PASSWD | sudo -S foo

You can also do it directly on a line, if you do not need multiple sudo commands in the script, like this

echo $(kdialog --password "sudo password required") | sudo -S foo

And of course you can use your own kdialog script that we discussed earlier in place of using kdialog here, if you want a standard kdialog prompt in all your scripts.

The problem bypassing sudo's passwd_tries, from my POV, is that if you get the password wrong, your script will continue processing any commands after the sudo command, so if the sudo elevated command was critical to the script's success then you have problems.

The caveat is that the password from kdialog (or alternative such as zenity) is written on stdout, something I should have mentioned before, so anyone that has captured the PID's stdout would see your password. But then any hacker on your system would be doing a lot more than just that.


Is there any application like Proxyfire?


Ubuntu 14.04 won't boot alongside Mint 16

Take a look at the Boot Repair documentation, this should get you straightened out.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


Geany - what's the shortcut for inserting curly brackets?

Your keyboard has curly brackets on it already.  If it's like most, they'll be above the square brackets [ and ].  So you press Shift+[ to get {.

If you wanted to be able to turn on automatic insertion of curly braces, this question may be relevant:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12925282/is-there-an-auto-close-curly-brackets-plugin-for-the-geany-ide

Basically, you go to Preferences, then Completions, and the options are under Auto-close quotes and brackets.


Simply remove the file /var/www/html/index.html and replace it with your own /var/www/html/myown.html, and restart apache. Or simply replace the contents of the /var/www/html/index.html with yours.

NOTE:

Your file will also be called index.html not myown.html as I have used it here!


Windows 10 Technical Preview not in GRUB

Thanks to Organic Marble and Thomas W. for helping me solve this. Apparently Grub doesn't support the Windows 10 Technical Preview so you have to add the grub menu entry manually.

Open /etc/grub.d/40_custom as root with gedit or another text editor.
Then you have to add an entry at the end of the file. Mine looked like this.

'Windows 10 Technical Preview' {
set root='(hd0,msdos2)'
chainloader +1
}

The name doesn't matter, and the set root='(hd0,msdos2)' command will vary. hd0 means my first hard drive, and msdos2 tells what partition the OS is on.

run sudo update-grub
To check, open up /boot/grub/grub.cfg and check if there's a new entry.


Startup Disk Creator wants to wipe drive?

The option to NOT erase the USB was dropped in between Ubuntu 14.04 and 16.04

According to the accepted answer to Where is the persistent option for Startup Disk Creator in 16.04? the underlying process used by the Startup Disk Creator changed in Ubuntu 16.04. The newer version of this app uses the dd command line utility in the background.

As a result of this change the USB drive is wiped clean when it is used to make a startup disk. The new background process also does not allow for creating persistent Live USB.

Hope this helps


Reboot and select proper boot device problem after installing ubuntu

I think you have the same problem as mine, go to BIOS and go to security.  Navigate to Select Trusted file for booting.  HDD0(If you have one harddrive)ubuntu(I don't remember the exact order, but look for these files)EFI(I'm positive that it is EFI>>>Shimx)Shimx(I don't know what it is called but it looks like Shimx or Shimax something like that) Press enter Call it ubuntu enter enter againF10 This should help!


If you intend to use windows for a short period of time, it would be better to use it as a virtual machine on ubuntu. You won't lose your present data and can also easily "throw away" the virtual machine after use.

To create a virtual machine, you would need a hypervisor that supports running on linux-based distributions and running windows as guest systems (operating system on virtual machines).

VMware Player is one such software you could use for free. There are others such as virtual machine manager and VirtualBox too.

If you are going to use VMware Player on ubuntu 14.04 you may have to patch it to be compatible with kernel 3.13. This blog may be helpful for this purpose.


Do

sudo vi /etc/rc.local

add this line:

mount -a

save file and reboot

NOTE: 14.10 is using an implementation of systemd to enable/start all its services... I don't think its working quite right yet. The NFS mount is failing because networking has not yet started during boot. Adding "mount -a" to your /etc/rc.local file is a work-around that I'm currently using with success.


Yes, nothing is needed in your end in order to see them. You can also make windows partitions automount at login using ntfs-config (it can be found in software center)


Configuring The Package Manage Failed - Installation on 11.10

Had the same problem with 12.04 LTS. My workaround was to wait for the disk partitioning phase, and then to open a console with Alt+F2.

Edit /usr/lib/apt-setup/generators/50mirror.ubuntu and comment out the two lines with db_metaget and db_subst statements after the comment "Text is variable for Debian".
No idea why this breaks the installation, but it does.


Okay, I figured out what was going on. When I did swapon -a i would get this output:

swapon: cannot find the device for UUID=71911c52-b030-4ef0-a4f4-54785d79919b

so then I started thinking about it and checked the UUID of my swap partition and they were different so I checked the etc/fstab file and it had that my swap partition was the UUID above but I guess I changed the UUID at some point somehow... Anyways, I put the NEW UUID in the etc/fstab and now it it working fine... Not sure how this happened but apparently it was the user that was the problem and not the system, which is usually the issue. Thank you to Mitch for helping out. Hope this helps out anyone else.


How can I completely remove MySQL, including config and data?

In addition to the above commands (no guarantee all of them are in fact needed), do

sudo rm -r /var/lib/mysql

Users and passwords (including the root password) are stored in the database itself, and the default data dir is /var/lib/mysql.


An independently browseable database of large thumbnails?

Ok, I solved the problem with a script that generates a thumbnail database. ImageMagick must be installed for the script to run. The script requires two arguments specifying a Source photo path and a Target path. It recursively searches Source for JPG files and generates correctly oriented thumbnails with user-defined width and quality (just change JPG to something else if you wish; it handles all the file formats handled by IM). It generates two thumbnail databases:

(1) db in Target: thumbnails are arranged in a YYYY/MM/DD folder structure based on the original EXIF dates.

(2) db in Target.Mirror: thumbs are organized in a folder structure that precisely mirrors the structure of their source.

You can easily change the script to generate just one db. I paste here only the core of the script leaving out path checking and manipulation, arguments handling, echo messages, comments, etc. Source, Target and Mirror paths must have a trailing "/".

#!/bin/bash
# The following variables have to be initialized
# Source=<path_to_source/>
# Target=<path_to_target/>
# Mirror=<Target.mirror/>
# Width=<Thumbnail width> (experiment with 368, 416, 512, 1024)
# Quality=<Thumbnail quality> (0% to 100%: 95% is fine, try 75%)

   shopt -s globstar
   cd "$Source"
   for f in **
   do
      if ! ([[ -d "$f" ]]) && ([[ "$f" == *"JPG" ]] || [[ "$f" == *"jpg" ]])
      then
        echo -e "           ${\e[0;32m}" $Source$f${\e[0m}
        Date=$(identify -format "%[EXIF:DateTimeOriginal]" $f)
        FolderName="$Target${Date:0:4}/${Date:5:2}/${Date:8:2}"
        if ! [[ -d $FolderName ]]
        then
          mkdir -p "$FolderName"
        fi
        Filename="${f##*/}"
        convert "$Source$f" -thumbnail $Width -quality $Quality -auto-orient \
        "$FolderName/$Filename"
 # to preserve profiles such as EXIF data, replace line above with the following:
 #
 # convert "$Source$f" -resize $Width -quality $Quality -auto-orient
 # "$FolderName/$Filename"
 #
 # it takes a bit longer and thumbnails are bigger in size -- profiles use up
 # to 60K
        if ! [[ "${f%/*}" == "$f" ]]
        then
          if ! [[ -d "$Mirror""${f%/*}" ]]
          then
            mkdir -p "$Mirror${f%/*}"
          fi
        fi
        cp "$FolderName/$Filename" "$Mirror$f"
      fi
   done

The db is really lightweight (with Width set to 416 and a Quality of 95% the db size is about 1% of the original); copies of it can easily be kept in a notebook or in an android phone and Shotwell browses it lightning fast. If the script is run again with a new source (but with the same target and mirror) the existing dbs are updated.
What can I say -- thank you, Gnu and Linux!


Difference in Ubuntu One sync-speed between Natty and other versions?

I'd recommend you wait until the end of the month. While some performance work is already in the nightlies, the later in the cycle you switch, the more impressed you'll be by the speed improvements that we'll be delivering for Natty.

Having said this, we plan to have everything in place for Alpha 2, in less than a month's time. And by then, I'd recommend you switch; that way you can help us iron out the release :).


Copy and paste sudo dpkg --configure -a into the Terminal.

Then paste sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y

You can also try: sudo apt-get install -f to fix broken dependencies.

These commands should help you to upgrade the packages in question.


How to determine where missing Linux partition started

Two points:

Before you do anything else, and if the data has any value to you, make a clone of the hard-drive to a 2nd hard-drive (!)
Use testdisk on the copy to attempt to recover the partition table

See:

How do I recover my accidentally lost Windows partitions after installing Ubuntu?


Why doesn't copying the Ubuntu ISO to a USB or hard drive work?

Copying the ISO file to a USB or hard drive won't work. To create a USB installer, I highly recommend using Unetbootin. Select Ubuntu and 12.04_Live, the letter for your USB drive, and let it download the ISO and "burn" it to the USB on its own. Alternately, as the below screenshot shows, choose the "Diskimage" option to use a pre-downloaded ISO:


How to install games using setup.exe flle in ubuntu 18.04?

If you want to install any windows application on Linux you need to use Wine

or, a similar tool.
Otherwise, you can run windows virtual machine on Linux.

For gaming on Linux check Proton

Edit: Seems your setup file is corrupted, check on windows first.


How to monitor udp connections request time/duration?

I think you can use Wireshark to capture segment for some period and analyze it for tcp/udp for SYN and SYN-ACK responses. Plus it has nice UI. And though I have not tried but I think Wireshark dump should be compatible with cross platform usage, so you can use it in Windows for analysis too.


Ubuntu pretty much will help you do all you need if you have successfully created a USB Bootable Ubuntu, and then changed the boot priority to boot from External/USB from the boot screen.

Follow these instruction to create the bootable USB:
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows

Here you can find the instruction on how to change the priority from BIOS

Restart your computer.
Quickly press F2 or F12 or Del (depends on your machine)
If you can see the Bios screen go to boot.
From boot locate the priority order of your boot ex.(HDD, CD, USB)
Press + to change order and make USB first
Press f10 to save and exit or an equivalent key.
Make sure the usb is inserted and contains bootable Ubuntu.
Follow the installation instruction and make sure you install ubuntu without deleting Windows if this is what you want.

Check this link for a nice instructions from Ubuntu:
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-desktop-latest

Good luck.


Is it possible to make a dual Windows 7 & Ubuntu bootable USB flash drive?

In case of Ubuntu - yes, in case of Windows - no, because you will crash the license, and windows will glitch for all time


How can I add "Show desktop" to the GNOME dash or Ubuntu Dock?

I found a way to do that:

Open a terminal and install wmctrl:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

Create a shell script named show-desktop.sh (I put it in my home folder)

gedit ~/show-desktop.sh

place this code in there:

#!/bin/bash
status="$(wmctrl -m | grep "showing the desktop" | sed -r 's/(.*)(ON|OFF)/\2/g')"

if [ $status == "ON" ]; then
    wmctrl -k off
else
    wmctrl -k on
fi

and make it executable:

chmod +x ~/show-desktop.sh

Create a file show-desktop.desktop in ~/.local/share/applications/ folder:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/show-desktop.desktop

Add this text and save (don't forget change the value on <your user>):

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Show Desktop
Icon=user-desktop
Exec=/home/<your user>/show-desktop.sh

Open the dash, search for show desktop and add it to the favorites.


Want to install Ubuntu 15.04 after removing windows 8 and data loss

What data do you want to save? If it's just your personal files, plug an external drive to your computer and copy your c:/users/your username/libraries (libraries stands for my documents, my downloads, my pictures, and so on), then install Ubuntu
OR
you can create a new partition on your disk, move your data on it, then install Ubuntu on your Windows partition


Manually add the following line to /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ maverick partner

Note: it needs to be added as root. So run it with sudo - e.g.,

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list


It should be using the larger version. Make sure you have gnome-icon-theme-full installed if you're using gnome-shell.

You can change the theme you're using in dconf-editor by changing the /org/gnome/desktop/interface/icon-theme entry to be gnome. It looks like you are currently using the Humanity theme (or ubuntu-mono-dark, which is the Ubuntu default), and it does not provide high resolution versions of that icon. The lack of high resolution versions of the icons in any of the Humanity or ubuntu-mono icon themes may be considered a bug, and you should report it in Launchpad.


How to make nautilus forget saved password?

Hi what ever the passwords you save in Ubuntu will store in seahorse application. type as seahorse in your unity dash and open that application. That will have your password and you can remove from there.

I am currently away from my Ubuntu PC thats why I am  posting available image that could help you a bit.


Where to find openmpi-doc on my ubuntu 12.04?

You can use the man to read manual pages:

man openmpic

Try man man. ;)

I you want to know the location of your man pages, use manpath.


Let's say I solved, thanks to bumblebee

From here
1. Fall back to the noveau driver
2. Reboot
3. Now that the issue is gone, but video quality is not good change the latest   preferred Nvidia driver active again and DO NOT REBOOT
4. Use command line to set Intel card primary - use terminal and command sudo prime-select intel
5. Now You may reboot
6. do not rejoice there is still a missing sofware, perform the following steps in terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia

Reboot

I also have to solve some config problem with bumblebee :
in /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf :

replace nvidia current with nvidia-390

and in /etc/bubmlebee/xorg.conf.nvidia add

  Section "Screen"
         Identifier "Default Screen"
         Device "DiscreteNvidia"
  EndSection

at the end of the file

now when I want use a program with nvidia gpu i launch it with optirun.
Currently I am using nvidia driver-390 but nvidia-prime query return intel


How to remove the network icon from the menu bar?

You can remove all duplicates of the connection icons by killing the nm-applet process, like this:

$ sudo killall nm-applet

Then start a new one with:

$ sudo nm-applet &


Click on the wireless option at the top right of your screen and select the Network you want to connect to, (in this example eduroam):

ensure that WLAN is enabled. This is done with a small hook next to "Enable WI-FI"


You can do it through qt4-qtconfig. Install it as Eliah Kagan suggested. What he missed, though, is that you have to change the style.

So, when you run qtconfig, choose Gui Style to be Cleanlooks (for example), then save. Restart skype, and the new fonts will be applied. This does not work if the style is Desktop Settings.


How to disable all power management in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS via Terminal?

I came across this problem with the laptop ALWAYS going to sleep, in that the screen goes blank/black and I must reboot to wake it up.

I tried ... all of these
Screen Going into SLEEP MODE,  or BLACK,  when NOT set to!

$ gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power idle-dim false

$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver lock-enabled false

$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.lockdown disable-lock-screen true

• and a way to make this permanent, you need a gsettings override file...
‣ Open a new empty document in gedit, (or another text editor) on your host system.

STILL keeps going automatically to sleep!

OK so try this ... APM (Automatic Power Management) is ON IN THE BIOS or at a lower base level.

a strange solution That for now is working, is to edit grub with the APM=OFF parameter.  To do this

Open the Grub file:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

add the apm=off to a line that will look like this:

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="acpi=off apm=off"

Yours may be slightly different but add it to whatever is between the "  " (quotes) a more typical is to put it after the standard "quiet splash'

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash (IN HERE)**"

and one must Update Grub, after saving this file, using terminal with the command:

sudo update-grub

and of course ... reboot

FEWWWW!


How do I remove trailing nonalphabetical characters from every line?

sed may help too :

command | sed 's/[^a-Z]*$//g'

# create the example output
$ echo "support.help1.com,,
support.help1.com.
support.help1.com9
support.help1.com*
support.help1.com@@
support.help1.com##
support.help1.com%%
support.help1.com^
support.help1.com
support.help1.com,
support.help1.com-" > trailexample.txt

# now edit this stream
# something like $ command_output | sed

$ cat trailexample.txt | sed 's/[^a-Z]*$//g'
support.help1.com
support.help1.com
support.help1.com
support.help1.com
support.help1.com
support.help1.com
support.help1.com
support.help1.com
support.help1.com
support.help1.com
support.help1.com

# explanation
# sed (replace) 's/this/by-this/g' :: sed 's/[^a-Z]*$//g'
# s : substitution command, we want to substitute strings
# The 'this' [^a-Z]*$ : regexp pattern
#   ^ mean not
#   a-Z means all aLphBetiCaL chars
#   []* any number of what is in brackets
#   $ means end of line
# So the 'this' is 'any number of consecutive non-alphabetical chars before end of line'
# And the 'by-this' is empty, nothing, nada, void :: //
# g : global substitution command, means do the replacement for all occurrences


Not able to install, remove or update anything from software center

Type these commands:

sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get clean
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

I hope it will help you.


How to install windows 7/8.1 on ubuntu 14.04?

When you install Ubuntu, you have several types.
- install ubuntu with windows 8.1
- replace windows 8.1 with ubuntu
- ...

If you choice the replace intall type, you must install windows 8.1 again.
but, if you choice the first type(install with windows),
there are something wrong with Grub.

check this how-to documents.
http://www.everydaylinuxuser.com/2014/05/install-ubuntu-1404-alongside-windows.html


Put Skype in messaging menu of unity panel?

For versions of Ubuntu up to Trusy Tahr you are after skype-wrapper. This is available by using the following PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:skype-wrapper/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install skype-wrapper

No package yet for Xenial Xerus unfortunately...

References:

How to Integrate Skype With Ubuntu Unity
Launchpad: "Skypewrapper" team


Error pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks

As I said in comments, libc6 is the holy mary of dependencies. With more than 15k reverse dependencies1 I would not try to replace the one I have installed with some other, less mixing saucy with precise packages. If you really want the latest libcv, you have two (three) options:

Upgrade to sacuy (or install saucy in a Virtual Machine)
Backport the library. Note that some build dependencies required by the package are not included in precise, so they should be backported too.

Note 1: you can find out using apt-cache rdepends libc6 | wc -l


I fixed this by adding this line to the file /etc/ligthdm/lightdm.conf:

user-session=openbox


You have to check the listening address.  As you can see it is only listening on that port via the localhost IP (127.0.0.1:5432).

The port is not open for external connections, which is the default setup and the most secure for most cases.


Is there anything that can let me run 64bit binary executable files?

There's no way to run a 64-bit program in a 32-bit OS.  Try a Live CD or USB with a 64-bit version of the OS (assuming your hardware is 64-bit capable, but it most likely is unless it's old or a low-end netbook).


You can use strace to find out what filews to program is trying to access:

strace -e trace=file -f -y -o some.log your_program

will run your_program and log all file related syscalls of the program and its children into some.log


Short answer: in Ubuntu the root account is disabled, so you cannot log in as root or use su - to become root.

Instead (as the user who was created during installation) use sudo <command-you-want-to-issue, after which you are prompted for your password and the command is executed with root priviledges.

Please read more about the ideas behind this in the question Differences between su and sudo...


Updates won't install - software center stuck

Close the Software Center because it's stuck. Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

If you get this error:

E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem

run this command to fix it:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

If that doesn't work try running sudo apt-get install -f(to fix broken packages) and then run sudo dpkg --configure -a again.

If that doesn't work either run the following commands:

cd /var/lib/dpkg/updates
sudo rm * # This removes all files from /var/lib/dpkg/updates/.

Right after I boot Ubuntu for the first time after installing it, I use the terminal to install all my favorite applications instead of the Software application because if the terminal gets stuck at least it shows an error message.


I can’t open terminal by clicking terminal icon

I will have to do some digging, but for now, you can use:

Ctrl+Alt+T to open up the terminal, let me know know that works.


Eclipse has two icons on unity launcher when I only want one

It seems there a line in the .desktop file that I was missing. In particular, the crucial line seems to be:

StartupWMClass=Eclipse

More info on that here: What represent the StartupWMClass field of a .desktop file?

So, I have found what works for me below:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Eclipse
GenericName=Eclipse Java IDE
Comment=Eclipse Java IDE
Categories=Utility;Developer Tools;IDEs;Java;
Exec=/home/(your-username-here)/eclipse/eclipse
Icon=/home/(your-username-here)/eclipse/icon.xpm
StartupWMClass=Eclipse
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
Type=Application
X-GNOME-FullName=Eclipse Java IDE

The steps I took to get this working are:

Use a text editor to create eclipse.desktop, and paste the above into it
Move eclipse.desktop into ~/.local/share/applications
Allow it to be executable: chmod +x eclipse.desktop
Double-click eclipse.desktop which should appear in Nautilus as Eclipse
In Unity launcher, right-click and select "Lock to Launcher"


Website not running on Ubuntu after installing LAMP Stack

It appears that my files were not accessible after copying them over from a Windows system to Ubuntu. Having this said, I had to modify the permissions of my project directory to 766. I did this with the following command:

chmod -R 766 /My/Directory/Path/

After this my files were showing up normally in the web browser.


Use different audio profile for headphones and speakers

Looks like you need an equalizer.

Step 1:

Open a terminal and type in:

sudo apt-get install pulseaudio-equalizer

Step 2:

Open it and put a stereo, subwoofer, etc. setting on it. (Note: Whenever you adjust one or more of the bars in there, always press 'Apply Changes') When you're done with a setting, press 'Save Preset', type the name you want, then press Enter. You can make as many as you want.


Custom port for SSH client in $HOME/.ssh/config doesn't work

I found the offender piece in configuration, it is my mistake based on an assumption:

Top of my ~/.ssh/config file

### default for all ##
Host *
     ForwardAgent no
     ForwardX11 no
     ForwardX11Trusted yes
     User myname
     Port 2222
     Protocol 2
     ServerAliveInterval 30
     ServerAliveCountMax 120

Port 2222 here was overriding Port 60022 below which belongs to hmnw.

I removed Port 2222 from Host * , now it works.

Update:
As per @muru's suggestion, moving default config from top to bottom of config file allows me to use custom port entry for default *

@steeldriver's suggestion Host * !hmnw is also useful, I don't have a use case for it yet but I can see it would allow me to negate certain settings for particular host, if I needed to.


maybe you can reset your unity, to reset unity, 1st : make sure you have "dconf" you can check this on dash, if you don't have, you can install dconf from software center. then you go to the terminal insert this

  dconf reset -f /org/compiz/

then log out and back, 2nd : insert this on terminal

  unity --reset-icons

log out and back

hope this will solve your problem


Sort files in directory by creation date (Birth)

My previous answer was began with this wrong statement:

Linux does not store file creation time

Yes - Linux kernel does not provide API to get creation time stamps from file system.

But as it is written in wiki ext4 provide file creation timestamps:

  ext4 also adds support for date-created timestamps. But, as Theodore
  Ts'o points out, while it is easy to add an extra creation-date field
  in the inode (thus technically enabling support for date-created
  timestamps in ext4), it is more difficult to modify or add the
  necessary system calls, like stat() (which would probably require a
  new version) and the various libraries that depend on them (like
  glibc).

Also as answered in unix.stackexchange

Several file systems store the file creation time,
although there is no standard name for this field:

   - ufs2  → st_birthtime
   - zfs   → crtime
   - ext4  → crtime
   - btrfs → otime
   - jfs   → di_otime

Here is great question/answer how to find file creation stamp. Script written by @terdon:

get_crtime() {

    for target in "${@}"; do
        inode=$(ls -di "${target}" | cut -d ' ' -f 1)
        fs=$(df  --output=source "${target}"  | tail -1)
        crtime=$(sudo debugfs -R 'stat <'"${inode}"'>' "${fs}" 2>/dev/null |
        grep -oP 'crtime.*--\s*\K.*')
        printf "%s\t%s\n" "${target}" "${crtime}"
    done
}

Add this script to your .bashrc.

Now using this script you can get what you want.

Go to folder which content you want to sort

$ cd ~/Downloads
$ get_crtime * | sed -r 's/\s+/ /g' | cut -d" " -f1,3,4,6 | sort -k2M -k3,4n

For tar.gz files

$ get_crtime *.tar.gz | sed -r 's/\s+/ /g' | cut -d" " -f1,3,4,6 | sort -k2M -k3,4n

Sources

How to find creation date
Where I found script
What file systems on Linux store the creation time?
Wiki ext4
Understanding ext4 timestamps


How to remove OpenJDK-9 and all related file to JDK

You have it removed. Bash is just telling you, hey, if you want to run java, here are the packages you can install. Try running which java. If no output, then you don't have any JDK installed. You can install any one of the packages suggested.


Don't use ls.

Use a shell array to store the name of the files ending in o:

files=( *o )

Now do:

echo "${#files[@]}"

to get the number of files.

@steeldriver has made a fair point, if you have no matching file names then the glob pattern will be taken literally. Because of this, even though there is no matching file names you will still get the file count as 1.

To overcome this set the nullglob or failglob shell option:

shopt -s nullglob
shopt -s failglob


NVMe SSD is not detected by the Ubuntu 20.04 installer

the issue was related to Bios settings , SATA MODE was set to Raid  while it should be AHCI , also i had to close the secure boot to enable the installation


Create instant desktop notification linux

notify-send does take a -t argument for time:

-t, --expire-time=TIME
Specifies the timeout in milliseconds at which to expire the notification.

But you're at the mercy of whatever handles the notifications as to whether or not that's implemented.

I tried it on KDE with notify-send -t 5000 test and the notification was on the screen for only three seconds. This may work in Ubuntu proper with notify-osd but it may not. If you want to be certain, you'll have to implement your own notification system.


Using an old laptop running Ubuntu as monitor

I think you are looking for remote desktop capability:  https://remmina.org/


How do I use graphics.h with libgraph in Ubuntu 18.04?

Three of the packages in the command in your question that returned an error message have been updated in 18.04. In the "Install some additional packages" step in this answer open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install libsdl-image1.2 libsdl-image1.2-dev guile-2.0 \
  guile-2.0-dev libsdl1.2debian libart-2.0-dev libaudiofile-dev \
  pulseaudio-esound-compat libdirectfb-dev libdirectfb-extra libfreetype6-dev \
  libxext-dev x11proto-xext-dev libfreetype6 libaa1 libaa1-dev \
  libslang2-dev libasound2 libasound2-dev

To make it easier to copy/paste it in the terminal here is the previous command reformatted as a single line:

sudo apt install libsdl-image1.2 libsdl-image1.2-dev guile-2.0 guile-2.0-dev libsdl1.2debian libart-2.0-dev libaudiofile-dev pulseaudio-esound-compat libdirectfb-dev libdirectfb-extra libfreetype6-dev libxext-dev x11proto-xext-dev libfreetype6 libaa1 libaa1-dev libslang2-dev libasound2 libasound2-dev


Sounds like the disturbance has corrupted your card.

Install foremost, make sure you have enough space in your current directory (possibly make a new directory & CD to it), run foremost, go to the pub for an hour or three, and you should find all your missing files categorised by type (but without original names) when you get back.


Getting vga_switcheroo with ATI Mobility Radeon 5650 HD to work

I think that I found the solution, we are on the same page, please look this comment:

  Found the problem. As mentioned in
  other sites, vga_switcheroo will
  magically disappear if you have the
  proprietary Radeon driver installed.
  This driver is called fglrx. So if
  Synaptic shows that you have fglrx on
  your machine, uninstall it and reboot
  - et voila, vga_switcheroo returns.

This might help!

cheers!


Where is the Gnome-Shell Shutdown options

If you hold down Alt the Suspend option becomes "Power Off".

Edit:  Although I should add that I use gnome-shell and I prefer to use an extension to add  the power off option to the menu without having to hold alt.  Webupd8 offers the "Alternative Status Menu" extension which adds Power Off and Hibernate options to the menu permanently.

Edit2: There is actually a site for gnome-shell extensions that provides some needed extensions.  The site is located here and there is an extension for an alternate menu that contains "Power Off" by default.  If you're running gnome-shell you can go there and just flip the switch from off to on and then confirm that you want to install the extension.


Some BIOS/UEFI developers are just lazy and don't implement the entire ACPI specification into their BIOS/UEFI, or more worse, they implement it in the wrong way. When Linux tries to read some specific ACPI parameters, which don't exist, or are wrong, it fails and reports this kind of error.
You may try a BIOS/UEFI update, but in most times you may just ignore these kind of "errors" and treat them more like a warning.
I'll give you an example how this might happen.
Mainboard-manufacturer XYZ creates 2 similar mainboards, but one has an additional Ethernet adapter.
Mainboard-manufacturer XYZ creates a BIOS/UEFI for the mainboard with the additional Ethernet adapter and installs it on the mainboard with the additional Ethernet adapter.
Mainboard-manufacturer XYZ is lazy and uses the same BIOS/UEFI image for the mainboard without the additional Ethernet adapter.
Some user named Mustafa Öncel installs Linux on a mainboard of XYZ which hasn't the additional Ethernet adapter. Linux kernel reads the ACPI-table of the BIOS/UEFI, this table says there is an additional Ethernet adapter, Linux tries to read the memory area, but fails, because there is no additional Ethernet adapter.
.
PS if this error didn't occurred in the past, but now it does, it may be because you use a new Linux kernel, you changed your BIOS/UEFI or your hardware fails.


Ubuntu Read Write External Harddrive Mac - MountPoint Unclear

/media/mntpoint is just a folder on your hard drive where the mount command is going to mount the partition of the drive to.  Look on your hard drive and look in the /media folder.  You should see other folders in there that are mount points.  You can create a folder for that mount point of your choosing.

An example:

mkdir -p /media/mac

the above line would create a folder called mac in the /media folder that you can use to mount your Mac drive to.

So, the mount command would then be:

sudo mount -t hfsplus -o force,rw /dev/sdxy /media/mac

where you would now access the folders on that drive in the /media/mac folder on the drive.  Once in that folder you should be the contents of the Mac drive.

If it is already mounted, try the following line to remount the drive:

sudo mount -f hfsplus -o remount,force,rw /dev/sdc2

this is assuming that /dev/sdc2 is your Mac drive partition.

Hope this helps!


What are the differences between gconf and dconf?

gconf typically uses an XML backend, while dconf uses its own binary blob. From that change alone you can draw up some points:

Binary read access is far faster than parsing XML
According to dconf's design section, a Gnome login consists of thousands of read operations and only a few writes. To gconf that's thousands of stats, thousands of reads and thousands of parsings. dconf's binary blob would blitz through those without bogging the system down with umpteen thousand IOPs.
XML is more portable
XML is largely human -readable and -editable.
A file-based system can be separated and portioned without much hassle
Corruption of a monolith binary file could mean the whole thing dies. Single file corruption only hurts that segment in gconf.

A lot of the arguments are those levelled for and against the Windows registry.

As I understand it, the interface onto this settings back-end would be the same as gconf: through GSettings. This would allow distributions and users to chose one and switch out if they needed to.


How to prevent Ubuntu from doing anything to the Windows installation?

Mounting your Windows filesystems read-only seems a little more straight-forward to me than the umask option:

UUID=3E98352E9834E655  /mnt/hiro1  ntfs  ro,noauto  0 0
UUID=24F62FADF62F7E64  /mnt/hiro2  ntfs  ro,noauto  0 0

I also made separate mount-points for each filesystem, in case you ever wanted to have them both mounted at the same time


google-chrome-stable : Depends: libappindicator1 but it is not going to be installed

Run the following commands:

sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

and try again.

You can't use apt-get install <.deb package>. When you download a .deb package, you must install like windows (double click).

You can learn more about apt-get here: https://www.tecmint.com/useful-basic-commands-of-apt-get-and-apt-cache-for-package-management/