I'm listing this as an answer because I've spent years coming up with a solution that I believe should be considered for most users who really want a backup strategy they can depend on.

[Some may fairly argue my response does not directly answer the question asked as far as HowTo with the built-in backup. I just was hoping to help anyone searching backups for Ubuntu here. I do not expect this to be the selected answer. I've gone around-the-wheel with rsync, deja dupe, duplicati, bacula, flyback, timevault and many more. They all have strengths and weaknesses.]

Monthly: CloneZilla Image

You can add a line to your Grub menu to boot from a local CloneZilla ISO and then send the backups to a storage medium of choice (options like AWS S3, NFS server, tethered/attached drive). I reboot and hit the Grub choice and go to bed on the 1st of the month. You could even automate this more if you like, but this works great for me.

Daily: Borg Backup

I have this run 3 times a day on a systemd timer, at about 6-hour intervals ... 6 AM, Noon, 6 PM. Again you have flexibility on where to store the backups. I prune and keep the last 14 days and one from each month for 3 years. It deduplicates so the sizes are remarkably small.

Restoring with CloneZilla is a full image, very easy.
Borg Backup has great documentation and you can extract to a temporary folder and do as you must.

Last, I do this on a 2 drive dual boot system. It allows me to be "reckless" at times and try things I never would have, knowing I can revert the system to 6 hours ago.

Example of my Grub entry for CloneZilla ... it even works on Wifi with a little effort! In brief it connects to my wireless network and uses an NFS mount point on a server.

menuentry "Clonezilla Auto" {
loopback loop (hd0,1)$isofile
linux (loop)/live/vmlinuz boot=live union=overlay username=user hostname=nuc2 \
    config NOSWAP edd=on nomodeset locales="en_US.UTF-8" keyboard-layouts="en" \
    components quiet nodmraid toram=filesystem.squashfs nosplash findiso=${isofile} \
    ocs_prerun=\"sudo service network-manager start \" \
    ocs_prerun1=\"sudo sleep 1 \" \
    ocs_prerun2=\"nmcli radio \" \
    ocs_prerun3=\"sudo sleep 10 \" \
    ocs_prerun4=\"sudo nmcli device wifi connect SOMENETWORK5G password someP@$$Word3# \" \
    ocs_prerun5=\"dhclient -v wlp1s0 \" \
    ocs_prerun6=\"iwconfig  wlp1s0 power off \" \
    ocs_prerun7=\"mount -t nfs4 192.168.1.2:/partimag/nuc2 /home/partimag -o noatime,nodiratime,rsize=32768,wsize=32768 \" \
    ocs_live_run=\"ocs-sr -q2 -j2 -z1p -i 0 -fsck-src-part-y -sc -p true savedisk autoname all \" \
    ocs_postrun=\"ls -dt /home/partimag/*/ \| tail -n +7 \| xargs rm -rf\" \
    ocs_postrun1=\"sudo sleep 5 \&\& sudo poweroff \" \
    ocs_live_batch=\"no\"
initrd (loop)/live/initrd.img
}


I found the problem. Silly me, I had somehow enabled "Slow Keys" by mistake. I didn't even know that feature existed. I turned it off through the Universal Access menu, and now everything's fine.


Count the number of unique values based on two columns in a spreadsheet

Here is a Pythonic solution using the Counter class of collections module which will count the number of occurrences of each element in an iterable:

#!/usr/bin/env python2
import collections
with open('file.txt') as f:
    names = []
    for line in f:
        names.append(line.strip().split()[0] + ' ' + line.strip().split()[2])
    result_dict = collections.Counter(names)
    for person in result_dict:
        print person + ' ' + str(result_dict[person])


Why doesn't Deja Dup complete the backup?

Everything worked fine again after deleting the folder in .cache/deja-dup.

rm -r ~/.cache/deja-dup/*

It is safe to do this.


Ubuntu does not boot via UEFI but does get boot via Legacy

Are you using the 64bit version? Have you turned off fast boot in bios?
Also, ubuntu is out with newer version 14.04 LTS


Please check here: https://www.openprinting.org/printer/Epson/Epson-XP-700_Series Download the .deb package appropriate to your architecture; either 32- or 64-bit; check:

arch

Assuming yours is 64-bit (x86_64), download the amd64 deb to your desktop. Install from the terminal with:

cd ~/Desktop
sudo dpkg -i epson*.deb

After installation, the XP-700 will appear in the list of available Epson drivers.


"WARNING no tools available, attempting to retrieve from amazonaws" while bootstraping

The agent-state-info line describes the error that MAAS returned when trying to provision machine 1, and probably indicates that there aren't any "ready" nodes that can be allocated to the environment.

To get a GUI running, you can deploy straight to the bootstrap node, and not require any additional hardware:

$ juju add-unit juju-gui --to 0

To clear up the useless machine that failed provisioning:

$ juju destroy-unit juju-gui/0
$ juju destroy-machine 1

...or, if you're running the latest version, you can just do:

$ juju destroy-machine 1 --force

...which will clean up all its units automatically for you.
To make your next deploy work well, check your MAAS GUI; it sounds as though you might not have any "ready" nodes for juju to allocate. The only node allocated should be the one that you bootstrapped onto -- if you allocated the other one manually, and now have none marked "ready", you need to either release that node or add new ones to the cluster, so that juju has at least one "ready" node to deploy onto.


If you're using an up-to-date version of Ubuntu, and haven't told things not to update themselves, the answer is pretty nice:

You're doing it already.

Just hit the buttons that it tells you to hit when it tells you to hit them, and you'll always be up to date for ever and ever.

However, if you'd like to manually update your system, you can do this:

run update-manager fairly frequently (read: weekly at the least).
For those of you who like the command line, the following will update your system.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

that command will update the repositories (the software list) and then install the latest updates.


Is there a way to disable one wireless adapter if any other is present?

Write a udev rule that, upon insertion of a WLAN device (hint: kernel name of "wlan*", "ath*", or various others) unbinds the Intel Wifi card from its driver.


Alas, no, WSL doesn't support camera devices at this time. If this is something you'd like to see in future releases, please find & upvote or file an ask on the WSL UserVoice page.


How do I install the newest version of glogg in Mythbuntu?

It is by no means a ridiculous question.
By the time an Ubuntu distribution is available, many developers have already released a newer version of their package. If you want to stay on top of the latest glogg release, compiling it from source appears to be the only option. However, it looks pretty straightforward. Download the zip file and enter the commands given. You may need to install a couple of dependencies first, though: qmake-qt as well as the QT development libraries are mentioned. I suggest you google around to find the packages that provide these.


It turns out that ustdio library is not actually a part of ICU anymore.  My issue stemmed from the fact that I did the ./configure command before I installed libicu48 and libicu-dev, which returned the wrong results for the icu-config --ldflags-icuio command.  So, all of my makefiles had "-lustdio" instead of what was correct "-licuio".


where to submit feature ideas when brainstorm.ubuntu. is dead

I think you can make a feature suggest at launchpad as a wishlist bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu

You can also suggest feature and ideas at https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-devel-discuss


Lost power during upgrade, how do I recover?

Did you try booting into the recovery mode (selected via grub)?  You could then try to restart the upgrade with

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

You may need to run

sudo dpkg --configure -a

to fix the partially installed packages.

If the recovery mode is also broken, you could try booting off a live cd and then chroot'ing into your hard drive installation and performing the above steps.

To chroot into your hard drive installation, first boot off a live cd.  You can use the ubuntu install CD for this task, just choose the option "try ubuntu" rather than installing.  Once booted, open a terminal and mount your root partition.  If your root partition is /dev/sda1 (to find out your root partition, there is a guide at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows#The_terminal_way):

sudo mkdir -p /media/ubuntu
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/ubuntu

Then you need to mount the proc, dev, and sys filesystems into your new environment:

sudo mount --bind /dev /media/ubuntu/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /media/ubuntu/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /media/ubuntu/sys

Enable networking:

cp /etc/resolv.conf /media/ubuntu/etc/resolv.conf

Finally, chroot into it:

sudo chroot /media/ubuntu

From here you can run apt-get and dpkg to fix your system.  This is identical to the way that people fix grub using chroot, in case you run into problems you can google something like "grub chroot ubuntu livecd" and find more info.


Install texlive 2017 on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

To install the latest and greatest TeXLive 2017, run the following code in your terminal:

curl -sL http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet/install-tl-unx.tar.gz | tar zxf - && mv install-tl-20* install-tl
cd install-tl
echo "selected_scheme scheme-full" > profile \
  && ./install-tl -repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet -profile profile
export PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2017/bin/x86_64-linux:$PATH

And when you want to update the packages when you want, you can issue this command:
tlmgr update --all.

(full install instructions may be found on the tug website)

If you don't want to install anything, here is the docker image with TeXLive 2017 with Pandoc- a versatile universal document converter.

Enjoy!!


The guide is at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Base

WARNING: Ubuntu Base is NOT a normal, user-friendly, easy-to-install form of Ubuntu. Unskilled users should stick to the normal installers. If you don't understand the requirements or procedure below, then Ubuntu Base is probably the wrong choice for you.

Deploying Base Requirements

Ubuntu Base rootfs
Linux kernel for target device
Boot-loader for target device

Procedure:

Format target media: at least one partition should be ext2, ext3, or
ext4
Unpack Ubuntu Base to ext{2,3,4} partition
Install boot-loader
Install Linux
Add a local user and password for the user, then add the
user to the adm and sudo groups
If the Linux kernel requires modules,
add these to /lib/modules/$(uname -r) in the ext{2,3,4} file system
Boot the target device
Install any additional required software using apt-get


I see your (future) system is above Linux OS requirement except CPU speed. That would be good.

I think that your (future) laptop capability is also depending on application requirement as well. Please, check individual software package hardware requirement.


The who command, as you've already figured out, outputs user information. If I type in who in my Terminal right now I get the following:

viktor   :0           2014-07-02 15:41 (:0)
viktor   pts/0        2014-07-03 02:07 (:0)

Now, in both these cases I'm logged in as viktor. The first one is my default desktop, Ubuntu itself, the current logged in user in the system. I started my computer 15.41 yesterday. The second row belong to the Terminal I launched to execute the who command. The terminal will login as your user once more since the Terminal really is a desktop environment, or shell, as well (Bash).

As for the 0's and the second column I'd like to refer to another question where the answer is very well explaining.

As for your own example the following is your result:

You have one user logged in as the system started that is running all the time, your first row. The second is the terminal you used to execute the command, I guess? And the third is your SSH connection, who logged in as the user you specified.

You can see that if you open many terminals your list will grow, as for more SSH connections. I hope this have been helpful.


Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused

Before suspending, you can write xhost + which will allow clients to connect from any host (not recommended in production env - security concerns). Then, suspend and resume, the box with the red text appears.

# gxmessage works IF xhost + is run first.
  gxmessage -timeout 5 -fg red -display :0 'Back from being suspended.'


VirtualBox Ubuntu: Not enough space left in /tmp to decompress VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

When you resized the drive that doesn't make the partition any bigger. You need to resize the partition. You can easily do this with gparted.

In terminal type "sudo apt-get install gparted", then run gparted, and right click on the os partition. You will see an option to "resize/move", choose that, and then drag the arrow over to use all the free space.

Also you should not use new guest addons in an older version of virtualbox, the versions should be matched.


apt-get problem while installing , removing and updating

I've run into this before, first off, apt-get purge isn't always the best way to remove a package (sometimes removes more than it's supposed to)

Secondly, you might want to try sudo apt-get -f install and then if it installs it again, use sudo apt-get remove crossplatformui afterward, if you use said commands.

Hope this helps.

cody.smith


Ubuntu software center don't find programs

Remove Software Center: sudo apt-get remove software-center --purge. Then re-install it: sudo apt-get install software-center. You now should find a new-look Software Center that works OK. You will find it from File Manager in Computer/usr/share/applications, where you can drag the icon to the Launcher Bar.


I don't have the technical details for your CPU, but some but not all of these CPUs have PAE capability, but show no PAE flag (this can hinder installation as the software checks for the flag). There are a number of alternative methods discussed to get around this here. Be that as it may, I would simply boot from the Lubuntu 12.04 32-bit live disk which doesn't need these workarounds. If you have the same problem doing that, I would look long and hard at replacing the graphics card as we've then eliminated the forcepae flag from the equation entirely.


OK so it seems that somehow flask.conf is not working on its own. I just append flask.conf to the default configure 000-default.conf and it works happily. And I definitely a2ensite flasked. Really weird.


I had the same error (in a virtualenv, not using the system-wide pip) and I think it was because the version of python installed changed from python 3.6 to 3.7 when I upgraded to 19.04. Re-installing the virtualenv fixed it for me.

Is that version of pip in a virtualenv? My default Ubuntu pip is installed in /usr/bin/, not /usr/local/bin/. If you did you might have to update your version of pip. In the new version of pip installled by Ubuntu the import has been changed to:

from pip._internal import main


Ubuntu: "Booting in insecure mode" with SecureBoot enabled

If you want get rid of the message about Insecure Boot you need to enable secure boot.
To do this you need turn on validation in module MOK (Machine Owner Key):

sudo mokutil --enable-validation

You will be asked to enter twice temporary password and than after reboot get a possibility to change validation state.

If validation is enabled than no more message about insecure boot appears.
But remember, you will not be able to run any unsigned drivers: nVidia drivers and VirtualBox will not be working.

To disable validation type:

sudo mokutil --disable-validation

and then reboot.

If you disable validation and have in BIOS Secure Boot switched ON, still you will not be able to boot anything that wasn't signed.
Even though your ubuntu has validation disable but "is seen" by BIOS (UEFI) as signed because of shim-signed package. Shim package while your ubuntu is booting checks what is the MOK state and if validation is disabled shows message "Booting in insecure mode".


external USB drive via VirtualBox says it's busy

This error indicates that the drive can not be unmounted from the host, most likely because it is accessed from an application there, or any file operation to the flash drive is pending.

Since your host OS is Windows we can not really tell what might be the cause in your case, and how to resolve it (virus scanner?).


How to use nautilus to connect to a remote server: 2 features missing?

When copying files, even from a network location, Nautilus should open a popup window showing the file copying progress, and when it should finish etc (if one does not appear, it likely has been small enough to copy over quickly):

To navigate up a directory, just press the location button for the directory on the top bar - you may also be able to use Alt+Up or similar.


I tried to make the multiarch file as @dchampagne suggested but it didn't work.  To get it to work properly I had to do this:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

That cleared everything up for me.  Looking elsewhere on the interweb this is apparently a really common problem with 12.10.


It's all about apt-marking
Any package that is not a automatically-installed dependency (apt-marked 'auto') dependency of a specified package (apt-marked 'manual') is eligible for autoremoval.
Example:
sudo apt install foo bar

SPECIFIED packages (foo, bar) will be marked manual
All unspecified dependencies (libfoo1, baz) will be apt-marked auto

Apparently, you removed whatever 'manual' package required those 'auto' dependencies.

Apt does not know or care that specific software is in use. It's not especially intelligent, and definitely not magical.

In order to prevent autoremoval of a package, simply ensure that the package has an apt-marking of 'manual.'
apt-mark showauto                    // List the packages apt-marked 'auto'
                                     // Listing does not require sudo
                                     // It's a long list

sudo apt-mark manual <package_name>  // Change a package from 'auto' to 'manual'


Nautilus in Gnome: How to create a bookmark?

That is because you need to have at least one bookmark for the bookmark section to appear.

For future reference :

To bookmark a folder, select on the menu bar : Bookmarks > Bookmark this location, or use the Ctrl+D shortcut.


Changing icon and text sizes (and toggling) for visually handicapped

PART ONE

There is a desktop zoom function which is configurable through the compizconfig-settings-manager.

To install, run the following commands in a terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Now, run the following command to start it up or search ccsm in your desktop dash instead:

ccsm &

Under Accessibility, make sure the Enhanced Desktop Zoom has a tic in the box next to it.

Then, click on the Enhanced Desktop Zoom plugin to configure it.

I have mine set to Button1 to zoom in (Button1 is left-click on the mouse).

I also have mine set to Button3 to zoom out (Button3 is right-click on the mouse).

You can also adjust the "zoom factor" and other settings.

PART TWO

It may also be helpful to know that you can change the text scaling factor.

First, install unity-tweak-tool:

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

Start up the unity-tweak-tool and click on "fonts".

The text scaling factor setting should be down on the right.

This makes the text larger without changing the size of everything else.

PART THREE

Additionally, under System Settings > Universal Access you can toggle the large text option.

I do not know of a keyboard shortcut for this but I seem to get used to large text and forget that it is on.

To change the icon size in nautilus and files:

Use CTRL + + to increase the icon size and CTRL + - decrease the size of the icons.

PART FOUR

To view text files, I use nano or vim the terminal.

The terminal I use is guake.

guake is a drop down terminal that allows you to change the text size using the following keyboard combo: CTRL + + to increase the text size and CTRL + - decrease the size of the text in the terminal.

Additionally, I edit my .bashrc file to enable all color code options to make things easier to see according to color code.


You can run a remote desktop server on your desktop pc (vino-server) and connect to it with remmina on your laptop.  You will be able to do anything on the desktop that you could do if you were sitting there.

If all you want is command line access, as AzkerM stated in a comment, you can run an ssh server on the desktop and connect to it from your laptop.


Ubuntu Server 16 mount USB drive to specific location on insert

Unfortunately, no.

This is, in fact, the exact reason /etc/fstab exists: to facilitate the creation of specific and predictable mountpoints. Note, though, that /etc/fstab (obviously) does not need to only mount on nonexistent folders. If you have /data/backup/OffsiteMonA already existing, the system will have no problem with mounting anything else there, but any data in that folder pre-mount will be temporarily lost.

While you could use a script running as root to mount specific drive IDs (/dev/sdd1) to specific locations, this is often ill-advised because of how the system operates, and the fact that you have no guaranteed consistency that something will be mounted to a specific place.

Therefore, you should use /etc/fstab to specify all of these mount points, and then have your script to check that there's actually a mounted drive there. If so, run the backup. Else, throw a nice big error at someone.

Additionally, by using the /etc/fstab method, you can control mounting and unmounting as well. When you umount /data/backup/OffsiteMonA, it will unmount that specific drive, which may be remounted at any time by running mount /data/backup/OffsiteMonA.


I have two monitors running Separate X screens, one of them is vertical and I have this same issue.  I can get a window manager to run by issuing from a terminal on the primary display DISPLAY=:0.1 unity --replace. So you can get up and running by finding out what your third display's identity is and replacing the :0.1 in the command above.


ubuntu 16.04 suspending when plugging in usb

A friend suggested that I:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install --reinstall unity
sudo apt-get install --reinstall nautilus

It WORKED! The problem was solved.


Is it there a Text User Interface (terminal application) which does what Kalarm do?

As Velkan said, you can use the command man alarm.

Or you can refer to the Kalarm manual online: https://docs.kde.org/trunk5/en/kdepim/kalarm/cmdline-operation.html#cmdline-schedule


For GNOME, this shell extension exists: Night Theme Switcher
It has quite a lot of options and already works out of the box, without having to configure anything, but the configuration is straight forward as well!


You may like the keyboard shortcut as the easiest way to resize the window and totally avoid trying to grab the edge of the window!  Try Alt-F8 then use either the keyboard arrow keys or your mouse/touchpad to resize the window.


Why are the MBR and GRUB present as files in the Linux filesystem?

First, in linux, everything is a file. Binaries and libs are all files.

Second, boot.img and core.img are not in your MBR. The MBR is the first part of your hard drive and contains the initial boot and partition table. The MBR then passes off the boot process to grub, which is located on your boot partition.

See

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Master_Boot_Record

http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/02/linux-boot-process/

https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/html_node/Images.html

From the last link

  boot.img

  On PC BIOS systems, this image is the first part of GRUB to start. It is written to a master boot record (MBR) or to the boot sector of a partition. Because a PC boot sector is 512 bytes, the size of this image is exactly 512 bytes.

  The sole function of boot.img is to read the first sector of the core image from a local disk and jump to it. Because of the size restriction, boot.img cannot understand any file system structure, so grub-setup hardcodes the location of the first sector of the core image into boot.img when installing GRUB.

and

  core.img

  This is the core image of GRUB. It is built dynamically from the kernel image and an arbitrary list of modules by the grub-mkimage program. Usually, it contains enough modules to access /boot/grub, and loads everything else (including menu handling, the ability to load target operating systems, and so on) from the file system at run-time. The modular design allows the core image to be kept small, since the areas of disk where it must be installed are often as small as 32KB.

  See BIOS installation, for details on where the core image can be installed on PC systems.

both boot.img and core.img are a part of the grub package and are stored in /boot, regardless as to if /boot is a separate partition from / or not


Just enter this command on your terminal:

LD_PRELOAD='/usr/$LIB/libstdc++.so.6' DISPLAY=:0 steam


AppArmor unexpected TOK_SET_VAR, expecting TOK_END_OF_RULE

Using apparmor_parser -qp /etc/apparmor.d/sbin.dhclient I saw that the error was from the previous loaded profile /etc/apparmor.d/tunables/alias which did not have a comma at the end (did not pay attention after adding the mysql lib alias).


"could not find the ISO /ubuntu-11.10-desktop-i386.iso"

For wubi, the .iso needs to be in the same directory as wubi.exe . Alternately, if you simply download and run wubi.exe it will download the iso for you.

Not sure about Grub4Dos.

If you want to make a bootable USB, I advise unetbootin. Unetbootin is crossplatform.

http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/


Mangage Network Connections from command line

Using Ubuntu 16.04 LTS server edition, Network Manager is not installed. Network Interfaces are configured in /etc/network/interfaces.

First, find the identifier for the interface from the command line:

ifconfig

It may be eth0. Using eth0 as an example, amend the file:

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

Add to the existing loopback stanza, the following:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.150
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1 8.8.8.8

Of course, substitute your details here. Save and close the text editor. Restart the interface:

sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup -v eth0

Check:

ping -c3 www.ubuntu.com

If you get ping returns, you’re all set.


How can I make new wireless connections use a VPN by default?

All of the following:

gsettings list-recursively  | grep --ignore-case vpn
gsettings list-recursively  | grep --ignore-case wifi
gsettings list-recursively  | grep --ignore-case conn

give nothing useful, so 2 possibilities left:

You do a feature-request at Canonical (24,557 reputation, 28 gold 118 silver and 248 bronze badges should carry some weight...)
I create a script that creates a script that sets it up for you... (might take a while as I'm writing an automated system backup now...)


"unable to get password" when trying to unzip password-protected archive

p7zip did not worsen thing! I your desktop, you want to find the p7zip client and have it accept all versions. It does not do so by default. I am sure it will work for you then. It has never failed me once I set if for all versions.


Drive failed in RAID, other drive has SMART errors. Which to trust?

Try both!  The one that actually has the data on it and you can read it is the one to trust!

Honestly, I don't think the SMART errors, unless they're pretty severe, will discredit the drive.  I would go with /dev/sdb on this one, but replace both drives ASAP!


How to automatically stay updated with the latest mainline kernel?

Found a GitHub repository that does this: https://github.com/GM-Script-Writer-62850/Ubuntu-Mainline-Kernel-Updater

If you haven't used git before: sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/GM-Script-Writer-62850/Ubuntu-Mainline-Kernel-Updater.git
cd Ubuntu-Mainline-Kernel-Updater
chmod +x install
./install

Skimmed through the source, looks like it should work as advertised. Checks for updates 60 seconds after each startup. Will update here if I encounter any problems during next minor revision update.

Edit:

Enter KernelUpdateChecker -h at a terminal to see all available options.

I'm on 13.10 and would like to stay updated on 14.04's kernel versions 3.12.x (excluding release candidates), so I edited ~/.config/autostart/KernelUpdate.desktop line 7 to read:

Exec=sh -c 'sleep 60;KernelUpdateChecker -no-rc -r trusty -v 3.12'


I found Illustrated Dual Boot guide to Installing Ubuntu in Hard Disk Two quite informative, and it helped me set up a dual boot on two separate drives on my main PC.

It references 10.10 but the steps are no different for 11.10.


Install Postgresql 9.6 instead of Postgresql 12

Ubuntu does support multiple instances of PostgreSQL running simultaneously, with possibly different versions, but it needs a bit of manual management.

Once  apt-get install postgresql-9.6 is done, PostgreSQL 9.6 binaries are installed, but to have an actual running instance/service, a command like this is required:

$ sudo pg_createcluster 9.6 main

See pg_createcluster, pg_lsclusters and pg_wrapper manpages for more.

You may also want to manually remove PostgreSQL 12 if you don't need it.


Brightness controller gone with kernel 5.4.0-42, was working with 5.4.0-41

I have the same issue recently on my Asus ROG with GTX 1080 Ti. The recent kernel update is 5.4.0-51. I resolved the issue by re-installing the nvidia driver through ubuntu-drivers command line:
$ sudo ubuntu-drivers list ---> to see what drivers are available
$ sudo ubuntu-drivers install ---> to install the recommended driver
Hope this helps!


For example for gnome-terminal, do

$ which gnome-terminal
/usr/bin/gnome-terminal

$ sudo chmod o-x /usr/bin/gnome-terminal

$ gpasswd -d guest root

This will remove the execution permission for other users as the file owner (root) and root group members and remove guest from the root group.


In the general case you can use ubuntu-app-launch followed by the app name. This sets things up so that the app can connect to Mir. I'm not sure about the media player app specifically though, nor about parameters.


Aside answer by @Candy Gumdrop, it's good to disable embedded bitmap, some fonts (like Calibri) will look terrible in some resolutions (see image bellow) if this setting stills enabled. Calibri fonts and other cleartype fonts have bitmap versions embedded in them which activate at small sizes, which makes it look bad.

You can disable by doing this:

cd /etc/fonts/conf.d

cat << END | sudo tee ../conf.avail/99-no-embeddedbitmap.conf
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
  <description>Disable embedded bitmap</description>
  <match target="font" >
    <edit name="embeddedbitmap" mode="assign">
        <bool>false</bool>
    </edit>
  </match>
</fontconfig>
END

sudo ln -s ../conf.avail/99-no-embeddedbitmap.conf ./

sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig


Try opening a terminal window (Alt+Ctrl+T) and typing the following commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install kate

Please let me know if this was helpful or if you run into any problems.

Nick


Use a glob expression:

mv your_dir/*?-*?-*?-0[0-9]* new_dir/

To test it, you can firstly perform a ls your_dir/*?-*?-*?-0[0-9]* to make sure it matches the files you want.

The expression *?-*?-*?-0[0-9]* means: characters + - three times and then 0 and any character.

Test

$ ls
another_dir/  aa-03A-b  aa-b-03A-b  aa-b-c-03A-b  a-b-c-03A-b  a-b-c-23A-b
$ mv *?-*?-*?-0[0-9]* another_dir/
$ ls another_dir/
aa-b-c-03A-b  a-b-c-03A-b


All Memory Not showing up with Ubuntu-64 bit

You have two different models of RAM. Try putting the same models in the same matched pair slots. This means put the KP223C-ELD into DIMM0, DIMM1 and DIMM2; and the KTW149-ELD into the other DIMM positions.


How can I copy a file from one partition to another?

boot to live cd and use the mount command to mount both partitions,
then copy the files like normal.

sudo mkdir /mnt/drv2
sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/drv2

sudo mkdir /mnt/drv1
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/drv1


Lenovo z470 getting hot, after 12.04 install

I have the same laptop, the problem is the Optimus technology, there is not exist support from Nvidia on LInux. But I fixed that problem by installing Bumblebee, from bumblee project  just following the instructions on its wiki.

This patch, software can enable or disabled the nvidia graphics and use Intel driver, It's amazing because your laptop never will be Hot again and your batery life will be better,

https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki/Install-and-usage Wiki in General

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Bumblebee Wiki for Ubuntu


Is it possible to run a command before log in screen?

For this you can use the file /etc/rc.local. Insert your command to this file before exit 0 and anytime you start your system the command is executed. Please ensure that he file is also executable.


Improve World of Warcraft in WINE? (GTX 660)

Try to start the game with this line:

__GL_THREADED_OPTIMIZATIONS=1 WINEDEBUG=-all wine wow-64 -opengl

Notice the double underscore at the start.. This activates all your cpu kernels, will bring up your fps to the roof.


Error `Archive not supported` while opening extracted .js file in 18.04

Archive manager programs are not designed to open plain text files.
It seems there is a bug somewhere with file associations that I've also encountered in Ubuntu 20.04 where the system defaults to opening .js files with archive-manager


the wireless network with ESSID Foo needs a nameserver on address 10.32.5.12 plus one on 8.8.8.8

You can already configure this in the Network Manager:

  wired network with ESSID ...

Wired networks don't have ESSIDs

Your general solution to I need to do this random shizzle for this random connection would be a dispatcher script with Network Manager. Here are some examples:

Is it possible to auto-mount sshfs
Multiple IPs for a single WIRELESS NIC
How do I run a simple Zenity script after disconnecting from WiFi?


Determine if a shell script is running on a LiveOS/chroot/installed system?

Consider combining these checks to determine a live sessions:

Look for live file system being mounted somewhere:

losetup -l | grep /cdrom/casper/filesystem.squashfs

If you find something there is a high chance that it's a live session.

Check root file system:

df /

Or look for existence of special files (ex: ubiquity: Ubuntu installer)

which ubiquity

also check it's shortcut at ~/Desktop

Check currently logged in users: users you should get: ubuntu.

And they can all be set up to look like a live session to trick you ...

For chroot, I'm not sure how it's possible... I'll check it out.


WRONG: Head to the Google Gears site over here, then just follow the instructions. Please note that right now, Google Gears is being deprecated to make way for a newer, more powerful tool.

EDIT: After having the question clarified and expanded some more, I have a solution. Install Google Gears from here (It's a direct download), and enjoy. Worked for me on Ubuntu 10.10 and Firefox 3.6.13.


Why does Akonadi not start after upgrade from Ubuntu 19.04 to 19.10?

Getting the same trouble, akonadi not running because of MySQL after the upgrade. For me installing MariaDB is not an option, because of my work. I was using MariaDB before and I had to switch to MySQL.

   1   │ 2019-11-17T22:14:02.183446Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010097] [Server] Insecure configuration for --secure-file-priv: C
       │ urrent value does not restrict location of generated files. Consider setting it to a valid, non-empty path.
   2   │ 2019-11-17T22:14:02.183483Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.17-0ubuntu2) startin
       │ g as process 30942
   3   │ 2019-11-17T22:14:02.186416Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an a
       │ lias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider usi
       │ ng UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.
   4   │ 2019-11-17T22:14:02.186429Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013244] [Server] --collation-server: 'utf8_general_ci' is a colla
       │ tion of the deprecated character set UTF8MB3. Please consider using UTF8MB4 with an appropriate collation ins
       │ tead.
   5   │ 2019-11-17T22:14:02.194794Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-011011] [Server] Failed to find valid data directory.
   6   │ 2019-11-17T22:14:02.194929Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010020] [Server] Data Dictionary initialization failed.
   7   │ 2019-11-17T22:14:02.195077Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
   8   │ 2019-11-17T22:14:02.195315Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.1
       │ 7-0ubuntu2)  (Ubuntu).

These are the error and warnings I am getting.

First will get rid of noisy warnings
vim /home/mathieu/.local/share/akonadi/mysql.conf

replace character_set_server=utf8 to become utf8mb4
comment out collation_server= according to this doc, default is good https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-server.html

I don't think we can do anything about secure_file_priv=
I believe akonadi needs it empty to be able to load files from arbitrary locations. doc: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-functions.html

then, the actual error Failed to find valid data directory

since akonadi is mostly temporary data, I think the easiest is to kill the db_data directory and start over.
we'll rename the folder instead of deleting it

$ cd ~/.local/share/akonadi
$ mv db_data db_databkp
$ mkdir db_data
$ /usr/sbin/mysqld-akonadi --defaults-file=/home/mathieu/.local/share/akonadi/mysql.conf --datadir=/home/mathieu/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/ --socket=/run/user/1000/akonadi/default/mysql.socket --pid-file=/run/user/1000/akonadi/default/mysql.pid --initialize --console

the --initialize option starts the db_data dir fresh.
if you compare both dir, you will see a bunch of files that are different from the previous one.

now getting this error

[ERROR] [MY-011087] [Server] Different lower_case_table_names settings for server ('1') and data dictionary ('0').

I am switching this option lower_case_table_names= in mysql.conf from 1 to 0

you also need to comment out this deprecated option

log_warnings=2

I am no longer calling mysqld-akonadi directly, with the long set of arguments, but simply running akonadiserver and cating the mysql.error log file

getting this error now [Server] unknown variable 'query_cache_size=0'

will comment this one on

also need to comment out query_cache_type=0

and akonadi is able to run with MySQL 8

In Summary:

utf8 to utf8mb4 is a good change, leaving both commented out is the new default
comment out the 4 deprecated options
move away your old db_data directory, create an empty dir instead
restart akonadiserver

Hope this helps

Update:
if you are getting this error

org.kde.pim.akonadiserver: Running DB initializer
org.kde.pim.akonadiserver: "\nSql error: Duplicate column name 'version' QMYSQL: Unable to execute query\nQuery: ALTER TABLE SchemaVersionTable ADD COLUMN version INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"

it means the column was already added, but the database migration was not flagged as done. I would recommend killing off the db_data folder again, running the initialize manually. and starting akonadiserver

its finally running for me. and korganizer that was constantly crashing in 19.04 now runs ;)

Update (2020):
Be very careful of this bug when resetting your Akonadi DB
https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=414400

Since 19.10, I had too many issues. Neither MariaDB or MySQL 8 worked fine. Kept having to reset Akonadi.
Finally ran MySQL 5.6 and 5.7 via Docker

sudo docker run --name mysql57 --rm -p 3306:3306 -v /var/lib/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=docker -d mysql:5.7

but kept having issues. I gave up on Akonadi/kdepim, uninstalled all related packages and switch to Thunderbird. Plasma runs smoothly.


Screen freezing or 2 finger scrolling don't work

You have a new Nvidia adapter and a Focaltech touchpad.

It seems that you have installed the Focaltech driver, because your touchpad worked in multitouch mode with kernel 3.19.

You can fix all issues by installing a new Nvidia proprietary driver. Just in case I will give commands to install the Focaltech driver too.

Run in terminal

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid

and reboot.

Then run

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/focaltech-dkms
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352 nvidia-prime focaltech-dkms
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

and reboot again.

You can also switch to the Intel adapter by running

sudo prime-select intel


UEFI blankscreen after motherboard splash screen

It would help though if you looked at the logs and gave us some more information on any errors that you find. Can you get to the command line using Ctrl-Alt-F1 ? If you can't do that, then you perhaps have to enter the Grub menu during boot and boot into recovery mode under the Advanced options. You will then be able to get to the command line. I believe one holds down Shift to get into the grub menu, although it may differ depending on your system.

Some thoughts -

You may have to insert nomodeset into the /etc/defaults/grub file, as the system may be having a problem with the graphics driver or screen.

It might look something like this

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="nomodeset quiet splash"

It may also help to define the screen resolution in the grub file as well, for instance my file states

GRUB_GFXMODE=1920x1080

Remember to update the grub file using

sudo update-grub


The Problem was solved by installing the network version which installs the nvidia driver 390.

In comparison the local version installs nvidia 387 which leads to problems on ubuntu 16.04.


How to create wifi hotspot in Ubuntu 17.10

Make sure your Wi-Fi is enabled (not disabled by hardware or toggle in the system menu at the top right).
Click on Activities, search for Settings and open it.
Go to Wi-Fi section.
Click on the vertical ellipsis (three vertical dots) or something similar at the top right to open a pop-up dialogue. You should find a "Turn On Wi-Fi Hotspot" option there:


What is the status of Ubuntu Mobile? Is the project expected to reinitiate in coming years?

There is a Ubuntu only device on the market :)
http://www.bq.com/gb/ubuntu.html
It doesn't have Google Play, but has plenty of applications available and more are coming.


How can I turn off "eye candy" and make Ubuntu run as fast as possible?

If you want Ubuntu to run as fast as possible, I suggest you choose a lightweight Desktop Environment.

At Phoronix there is a great comparison test that shows How Desktops Impact Performance.

Some examples:

And:

Also we can conclude that Unity 2D is not always faster than 3D:


If I remember correctly vim is not installed by default. From a shell try :

sudo apt-get install vim

it will either install it (and map it to vi) or let you know that is already installed


Error while compiling softwares using make: cannot find -lXm, -lXt, -lX11

First you try with above command, If it not works then you download and install the following .deb files for 32 bit operating system

candle_3.2-98_i386.deb
candle_3.4-99_i386.deb
libmotif4_2.3.3-5ubuntu1_i386.deb
libxp_1.0.0-9_i386.deb
openmotif_2.3.1-1_i386.deb
openmotif-devel_2.3.1-1_i386.deb

For 64 bit operating system you need to change the FLAG option from TRUE to FALSE into the program.


I can confirm that the Chrome desktop sharing works quite well.  I've used it to help a friend with his computer problems and we were both running a flavor of Linux (him Ubuntu 12.04, me Mint 16).

Just to confirm, the Chrome Remote Desktop works through firewalls - we are both behind our home firewall/router and it works just fine.


how do I enable gnome 3 on ubuntu 14.04 LTS?

Open your Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and type this following commands to install gnome 3

1) sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-next

2) sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging

3) sudo apt-get update

4) sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

5) sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

6) sudo apt-get install gnome-weather gnome-music gnome-maps gnome-documents gnome-boxes gnome-shell-extensions gnome-tweak-tool gnome-clocks

And simply restart your system

sudo reboot

Once we restarted the system, choose gnome as desktop environment and login to your account


How to convert a DateTime variable in awk to seconds?

If you have GNU awk (gawk) you can use its mktime function - however the input must be a space-separated datespec of the form "YYYY MM DD HH MM SS [DST]". The date fields in your variable are in the right order, but you will need to replace the delimiters with spaces:

$ gawk -v test="2018-12-18 18:36:55" 'BEGIN{print mktime(gensub(/[ :-]/," ","g",test))}'
1545176215

See for example Time Functions in the GNU Awk User's Guide

If your string is enclosed in double quotes, you will need to remove those as well:

$ gawk -v test='"2018-12-18 18:36:55"' 'BEGIN{print mktime(gensub(/[ ":-]/," ","g",test))}'
1545176215


Weird, I have what seems to be the same problem on my flash drive.  Except I use the terminal commands [cp, rm, etc], and it says permission denied.  However when I become root it works.

But for now, try this in a terminal:

$ gksu nautilus

Then try using that window to copy files.  I believe you will find it does, because it's using root permissions.  Be careful with that window, because you can remove system files, so I do not recommend using Nautilus as root normally, but in this case you might need to until you figure out how to fix the flash drive.

I am thinking about formatting my flash drive to see if it fixes the root-only permissions.


Running "sudo apt-get update" returns connection errors

This was caused by Kaspersky Total Security version 2019. It is a known issue that this version blocks HTTP and HTTPS traffic from consoles. It will be solved in the 2020 version next year, so in the meantime I uninstalled the 2019 version and reinstalled the 2018 version.


How to get Postfix to send/forward/relay to a sub-domain located on another server?

It sounds more like the machine cannot resolve host names...
So use your favorite editor to supply name servers to the system.

sudo vim /etc/resolv.conf

The contents of that file...

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 4.4.4.4
domain example.com
search example.com

And maybe edit /etc/hosts and add the hostname and IP address:

sudo vim /etc/hosts

And the line to add (use the real IP address)...

192.168.1.100 exchange.example.com exchange


How to use the Wordpress Juju charm to add existing database content

This is currently not possible with the WordPress charm.


Unexpected termination of Bind in Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS

I've been digging through the Lucid Bind9 package and I think Bind9 uses /var/log/syslog as its default log. If the /etc/init.d/bind9 is crashing with an error that outputs, I'd hope it shows up there.

If it's crashing before it can close, your only option might be running it manually (rather than the service). You'll need to pick through the $OPTIONS that get set up in the service file and run /usr/sbin/named with them. You also need to tell resolveconf about the new nameserver. It's a bit tough to unravel but it's all in that service file.

The other option is you could assume it's a weird bug that's been fixed since. 12.04 is a minor version up and 14.04 (which will be released this month) is running 9.9. The other side of that argument is that they might not have fix it and it might have exotic, new bugs too... But support for 10.04 expires next year so it's something you'll need to consider anyway.


Ethernet problems on ASIX AX88772B USB 2.0 Ethernet adapter

Looks like the problem is with your ISP. The packets are leaving your computer/network and then get dropped half way through. Call up your provider and tell them to fix their stuff


apache2 wont display a folder - while another folder works...confused

it is working/fixed

i purged apache2 and started fresh
 maybe some previous messed up conf files which i dont fully understand in sites-available default.

To purge conf files, it is best to

sudo apt-get remove --purge apache2 apache2-common

rather than delete conf files manually


Why if my system is 64-bit, I can't install Ubuntu 64-bit in virtual box?

Yes your computer is compatible to install 64 bit version of Ubuntu.Your virtualbox software may be 32 bit,so that it displays error like that.

If you still had doubt on whether your system supports Ubuntu 64 bit or not,you may bootup the Ubuntu installation disk and click on Try Ubuntu option.There you can test the full features of Ubuntu.


How to turn off Graphic card in Ubuntu 18.04 server

Having the graphics adapter output just the KVM accessible terminal login is going to produce very little to no heat at all. Assuming there's no GPU/cuda usage, which seems likely in this case.

Making sure there's no X server running is about as far as you can or want to take it as not having any way to physically access the machine is a bad idea from a troubleshooting and maintenance point of view. If there is a network failure, or an update cycle goes horribly wrong, you need a way to access the machine.


How do I access a password protected share from nautilus?

The new nautilus in 13.04 (raring) no longer shows a place to enter connection credentials. This makes it really hard to connect if you don't know the URI syntax. You can find help for the SMB URI syntax at Wikipedia.

Basically, use one of these URIs:

smb://[<user>@]<host>[:<port>][/[<path>]][?<param1>=<value1>[;<param2>=<value2>]] or
smb://[<user>@]<workgroup>[:<port>][/] or
smb://[[<domain>;]<username>[:<password>]@]<server>[:<port>][/[<share>[/[<path>]]][?[<param>=<value>[<param2>=<value2>[...]]]]][5]

The user name can contain spaces explicitly and doesn't require encoding. Myself, I used the following:

smb://My User@WINDOWSHOST/Share

You then are prompted for the credentials. I'm not sure if the share name can have a space since my shares don't have them, so I haven't tested it.

Once you access the share, you can right-click on it in the left panel and Bookmark it. This will make it remap when you log off and back in so you don't have to keep using the Connect to Server method all the time.


I think your answer is integrated in Luis Alvarado's answer:

If you have zombie processes it means those zombies have not been waited for by their parent (look at PPID displayed by ps -l). You have three choices: Fix the parent process (make it wait); kill the parent; or live with it. Remember that living with it is not so hard because zombies take up little more than one extra line in the output of ps.
[...]Zombies that exist for more than a short period of time typically indicate a bug in the parent program. As with other leaks, the presence of a few zombies isn't worrisome in itself, but may indicate a problem that would grow serious under heavier loads.
To remove zombies from a system, the SIGCHLD signal can be sent to the parent manually, using the kill command. If the parent process still refuses to reap the zombie, the next step would be to remove the parent process. When a process loses its parent, init becomes its new parent. Init periodically executes the wait system call to reap any zombies with init as parent.

See also this post about how can you get rid of zombie processes.


(Lenovo thinkpad) apt upgrade: how to upgrade to the generic kernel or to the hwe kernel?

The following does not answer the question (why both the generic and the hwe kernels are meant to be upgraded), but the following managed to have the nvidia drivers working fine, even after upgrade:

disabling secure boot in bios
installing ubuntu
removing the file oem-sutton.simon-addison-meta.list from /etc/apt/sources.list.d

This file seems to be specific to Lenovo systems.
The nvidia drivers can then be installed.


Run in terminal:

gconftool-2 -s -t string /apps/gwd/mouse_wheel_action shade

This will fix it on Ubuntu 11.10 for those using Unity.


upgrade xfce4 applications to the latest versions

Yes, download and install. Sometimes you find PPAs. But you would need many updated dependencies and it will be a more difficult than usual project.

With Ubuntu 17.10, I notice my Thunar is 1.6.12. Are there particular features from newer Thunar 1.7 you need? That is beta software you are wanting. Danger Will Robinson. Look at the Thunar 1.7 release notes: https://mail.xfce.org/pipermail/xfce-announce/2017-November/000559.html. It is a development release that interoperates with the XFCE4 4.13 test package set. Unless you are super enthusiastic and need a particular feature, wait until 1.8 is released.

I just tried building Thunar 1.7, following along with notes here: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/cvs/xfce/thunar.html. It requires Exo-2, which is not avail in Ubuntu repositories. That's why running a PPA for this will be a big project. Somebody needs to give an integrated set of packages, not just one.

Usually, the only XFCE4 pieces I need to manually compile and install is xfwm4, that's because I know how to patch software and there are a couple of changes that I really enjoy.  I would not do that if I did not know for sure that there was something I really wanted.


Is there any software to create doodles like doodlinator for windows 8?

I've never used it, but you can give http://www.pencil-animation.org/ a try.

There are also other options in Ubuntu software center under "Graphics->Drawings"


OpenVPN Configuration with ufw eth0 doesn't exist to add it in before.rules

-A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/8 -o venet0 -j MASQUERADE

and iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o venet0 -j SNAT --to-source X.Y.Z
where X.Y.Z is the actual IP address assigned to your VPS. (If that doesn't work, try
venet0:0 )


You need to get the dependencies of docky manually from previous Ubuntu 18.04 LTS version:

mkdir -p ~/Downloads/docky
cd ~/Downloads/docky

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gnome-sharp2/libgconf2.0-cil_2.24.2-4_all.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/glibc/multiarch-support_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libg/libgnome-keyring/libgnome-keyring-common_3.12.0-1build1_all.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libg/libgnome-keyring/libgnome-keyring0_3.12.0-1build1_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gnome-keyring-sharp/libgnome-keyring1.0-cil_1.0.0-5_amd64.deb

sudo apt-get install ./*.deb

and then install docky:

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/d/docky/docky_2.2.1.1-1_all.deb
sudo apt-get install ./docky_2.2.1.1-1_all.deb


Problem importing a module (mpl_toolkits.basemap) in Python

This article describes how to install basemap.  And Here is the git repo, and here is a browser downloadable source code.

From the article, in short:
1)  Download the source if apt-get install does not work out
2)  install the source (super useful if installing to a virtual environment) by:

cd basemap-1.x.x
python setup.py install

Then here is also the doc, with installation guides and how to test if you have installed correctly. (just run from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap in terminal).

It's important to note that if you're having issues with libgeos being detected, the doc suggests that you install the included libgeos source (3.3.3) separately first.


Have you tried to update your system first?

sudo apt-get update && apt-get upgrade

If you have "kept-back" packages I would refer you to this post


How do I change the boot partition from one drives partition to a different drives partition?

For UEFI systems, see Bernard Wei post

For BIOS systems, the best solution is grub-reboot which allows a one time boot of a different grub entry.

First we must set some settings for grub so that it cooperates with grub-reboot:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_TIMEOUT=2

ctrl+x to save and exit

sudo grub-set-default 0
sudo update-grub

now upon boot, look at the grub entries, it is 0 based, for me I have:

0 Ubuntu
1 Advanced options for Ubuntu
2 Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS (18.04) (on /dev/sdb1)
3 Advanced options for Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS (18.04) (on /dev/sdb1)

so my default is 0 (Ubuntu on /dev/sda1) and 2 (Ubuntu on /dev/sdb1) is my other install of ubuntu on the second hard drive.

So doing the following while booted into /dev/sda1, will allow me to boot a single time into /dev/sdb1:

sudo grub-reboot 2
sudo reboot

Then I can perform my backup or restore on /dev/sda1, and then simply issue a sudo reboot, and be booted back into /dev/sda1


I've been using openpgp-applet for a while because I really like the simplicity of it, but the fact that it's busted in newer versions of Ubuntu (or, more specifically, Gnome) has been a real bummer.

In order to preserve most of the functionality, I went ahead and made a fork of the app that will launch the applet in a window instead of as a status icon. You can find it on this GitHub repository.


udev creates device file for USB key, but not for partitions

Just from the /dev/uba naming structure, it sounds like you created your own UDEV rule and now it's not working out for you. We'll need to see that code to assist you.

I'm sure you've consulted this already but just in case please consult this reference for creating UDEV rules. http://wiki.debian.org/udev

Feedback based on update

ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="ub[a-z]*[1-9]*", PROGRAM="/sbin/blkid -o values -s TYPE %N", RESULT=="vfat", RUN+="/home/ubuntu/.mount_usb %k %n"
ACTION=="remove", KERNEL=="ub[a-z]*", RUN+="/home/ubuntu/.unmount_usb"

It looks like your predecessor didn't know about usbmount. This rule will only
work on vfat formatted drives, now you could expand that list, or... you could install
usbmount and tweak it to create the device names you want. Then you have something
that's maintained for you with only minor configuration changes vs a complete home brew
solution.

BTW, there's a syntax error in there, it's value not values, running this from the CLI shows.

sudo blkid -o value -s TYPE /dev/sdb1
vfat

So the %N is the input, e.g. the block device and RESULT is stdout. This is detailed in the udev man page. You might be able to do something like this RESULT=="[vfat|fat16]", or you could forward the output to a script and do a richer comparison there. A quick look at the usbmount package shows that rich comparisons are done in the callout script for both add and remove. I strongly recommend you migrate to usbmount.


Can I duplicate a GNOME terminal session?

Press Ctrl + Shift + T

This will open a new tab in GNOME Terminal with same directory(PWD)

Press Ctrl + Shift + N

This will open a new window of GNOME Terminal with same directory(PWD)


Wireless disconnects after downloading certain amount bytes

Your paste shows this:

Cell 01 - Address: <MAC 'ATT4mHb53Z' [AC1]>
                    Channel:1
                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
                    Quality=70/70  Signal level=-40 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"ATT4mHb53Z"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
                              24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master

And this:

Channel occupancy:

      8   APs on   Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
      2   APs on   Frequency:2.417 GHz (Channel 2)
      1   APs on   Frequency:2.427 GHz (Channel 4)
      1   APs on   Frequency:2.432 GHz (Channel 5)
      1   APs on   Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
      1   APs on   Frequency:2.442 GHz (Channel 7)
      5   APs on   Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)

Did you select channel 1 intentionally, not realizing that it is the most congested channel in your area? Or, more likely, is your router set to auto-select the channel. This interesting post shows why auto-select is a very bad idea: https://superuser.com/questions/1311149/why-do-wifi-routers-do-such-a-bad-job-of-channel-selection

Please set your router to a fixed channel, ideally channel 6, and tell us if the connectivity is improved.

EDIT: Check all of the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

sudo nano /etc/default/crda

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Any improvement?

EDIT 2: Please try a driver parameter. From the terminal:

sudo -i
echo "options rt2800pci nohwcrypt=Y"  >  /etc/modprobe.d/rt2800pci.conf
exit

Reboot. Any improvement?

EDIT 3: In you log, we see dozens of entries:

rt2x00queue_flush_queue: Warning - Queue 2 failed to flush

Here is a post that describes your issue exactly; the wireless disconnects and nothing short of a reboot helps: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=237028 Notice that the log messages are the same and there is no real solution. There is a suggestion that it is a hardware issue.

Here is another, with the same log messages; definitely a hardware issue: https://forum.lede-project.org/t/solved-wireless-interruption-on-zyxel-p2812hnu-f1/11088/9

Here is another with no solution: Ubuntu 16.04 Weak WiFi Signal after dual boot Ralink Rt3290

I suggest that you make sure that the card is seating correctly in its PCI slot. If you still have trouble, I suggest that you consider replacing the card. If you do so, be certain to blacklist the driver rt2800pci for the internal device.


How to get offline access to files in Google Drive using Nautilus?

You can write a script in your cron tab which once you are connected to the web will sync (rsync) your online files to a local folder.

This way you will have acess to your files oofline


which software is suitable for remote-desktop management?

Teamviewer is by far the best program for this, it is free for personal use and it has clients available for Windows, Mac, Linux and mobile devices. You can also set up remote access so that you don't have to be at the actual computer and "accept" the incoming connection.


Removing numbers and hyphens from file names recursively

find & sed:
  I would ask you to first remove the pipe and sh at the end, and see whether the mv command is getting generated properly, and then you can run the command as such:

find $dir -type f | sed 's|\(.*/\)[^A-Z]*\([A-Z].*\)|mv \"&\" \"\1\2\"|' | sh


Is it possible to restore a full system Back In Time backup from a BIOS system to another UEFI system?

I've never used Back in Time, so I can't comment on it specifically; however, there are two possible stumbling blocks, neither of which is insurmountable:

Partition table type -- Most BIOS-mode installations use the old MBR partitioning system, whereas most EFI-mode installations use the newer GPT partitioning system. If the backup software insists on repartitioning the disk when you restore data, it might force use of MBR. At least some EFI computers can boot from MBR disks, though, so this might not be too much of a problem; and even if your computer can't boot from an MBR disk in EFI mode, you should be able to convert it to GPT by using gdisk.
Boot loader installation -- The restore process might install a BIOS-mode boot loader on the disk, in which case the restored system will probably boot in BIOS mode. If you want to boot in EFI mode, though, you'll need to install an EFI-mode boot loader for Linux. Several are available; see here for detailed information on all of them, including information on how to install them. Note that you'll need an EFI System Partition (ESP), which is a FAT32 partition to hold the EFI boot loader. Chances are your backup software won't create this partition, so you'll have to do so yourself.

One more point: Any restore of one computer's software to another one poses some risk of failure or a need to reconfigure things because of the new hardware (video card, network devices, etc.). Such changes are less likely to be required with a modern Ubuntu than with, say, a distribution from a decade ago, but you should be aware of the possibility that you'll need to tweak something. In some cases, it may be easier to do a fresh installation and then copy over your home directory from the old computer to the new one.


How can I find the password to www-data group to so I can change directory access rights?

You're doing it wrong (tm) :)

In your terminal window, look at the "command prompt":

username@hostname:~$

What is username there? You can also try entering whoami[Enter] to see your current username.

From you description it looks like you entered something like

sudo su www-data

or somehow else opened a console session as www-data user. This user has no rights to use sudo command, so your attempts at using sudo fail.

www-data user also has no password set by default, so it is impossible to log in directly as this user. Which is good. You do not want to give it a password.

You need to open another session as your user (or exit your current www-data session) and type the commands there:

sudo chown yourusername:www-data /path/to/directory

which will ask you for your login password.

(or, maybe, just move your stuff to /var/www which already has correct permissions. Then you can add your user to www-data group to get read-write privileges to that directory)


Firefox and chrome is not working on a website

Some of the opening javascript from the page:

var unityObjectUrl = "http://webplayer.unity3d.com/download_webplayer-3.x/3.0/uo/UnityObject2.js";

It needs the Unity Web Player to work but Unity hasn't released a version for Linux (yet). I'm not happy with any of these solutions but there are a few options...

Use pipelight to run the plugin under Wine. If this works, it's probably going to be the least jarring for you but I would be very cautious about running it on any website. Wine could be a weak link in the secuiryt of your browser.
Use a virtual machine with Windows.
Ask the website creator to create a HTML version.
Ask the website creator to release a standalone version for Linux (Unity can do that).
Find another cross-platform resource.


That was quite easy. All you have to do is to switch network mode of virtual machine to

Attached to => Bridge

and select the network interface that provides internet connection using which you want to connect to VPN, e.g. wlan0


That's not the way to do it. First of all, to set up passwordless access, you need a target machine. It is not something you set up locally, you must set up passwordless access to somewhere. Anyway, the way to do it is:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''

That will generate your key. Now, you need to copy it to the target machine:

ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user@remote.com

Once you've done that, you'll be able to log into remote.com with no password.


using sed to convert camelCase to under_score

You must consider that case change is the mark of a word. Space _ have to be placed just before the case change

Try this :

$ echo 'CamelCASECamelCase' \
| sed 's/\([^A-Z]\)\([A-Z0-9]\)/\1_\2/g' \
| sed 's/\([A-Z0-9]\)\([A-Z0-9]\)\([^A-Z]\)/\1_\2\3/g' \
| tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'

# will output this
camel_case_camel_case


Ubuntu, how to unmount remote shared drive if the share is down?

sudo umount -l /home/user/remoteDir/

Seems to have worked.

I found the solution here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/samba/+bug/475288

Are there any issues or alternatives to using the -l switch?


Unable to create and delete an user account in the PC

useradd: existing lock file /etc/subgid.lock without a PID

SInce it's this lock file that's causing the problem, and since it is without a PID (meaning there's no running process that's holding the lock and this is just some leftover of a previous attempt), I think you can delete it safely. Then try again.


Ugly graphics after suspend. Is there a solution?

Update your driver to 290.10.

Dont forget to remove the old driver first. You can downloaded it directly from the nVidia site or by adding the X Ubuntu PPA.


To get more reproducible results consider to remove your self-installed guile2.0 from /usr/dev.
The libgraph library is a bit out-dated. It currently exists only in two repositories: YACP and ArchLinux.
The PKGBUILD script from ArchLinux AUR shows that it needs old guile-1.8 package, but it exists only in previous Ubuntu 16.04 LTS release.
Then at first we need to add this xenial repository to the system:
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main universe"

and install the packages with build tools and dependencies with
sudo apt-get install build-essential libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev guile-1.8-dev

Then download and install libgraph:
cd ~/Downloads
wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/libgraph/libgraph-1.0.2.tar.gz
tar -xf libgraph-1.0.2.tar.gz
cd libgraph-1.0.2
./configure
make
sudo make install
sudo cp /usr/local/lib/libgraph.* /usr/lib

and finally build simple circle.c example from the article
// C code to illustrate using
// graphics in linux enviornment
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<graphics.h>
int main()
{
    int gd = DETECT, gm;
    initgraph(&gd, &gm, NULL);

    circle(50, 50, 30);

    delay(500000);
    closegraph();
    return 0;
}

with gcc circle.c -o circle -lgraph and run it with ./circle .


My HDD is not showing up in the Ubuntu home finder so I can only save documents to the ssd. I only want the ssd for the software. How can I make the HDD visible and the default drive for Ubuntu.

Install gparted (sudo apt-get install gparted) and run it with root privileges, sudo gparted. Find your missing disk in the drop down in the top right. If it is not formatted, format it with ext4. In order to help you further you would need to supply some more information (screenshots, perhaps), but after formatting it should show up on your desktop, and upon clicking it Ubuntu should mount it for you.

You can also use gparted to partition your SSD in the way you describe.


First, you need to restore the core of Python 3:

sudo apt install -f --reinstall python3 python3.4 python3-minimal python3.4-minimal libpython3.4-minimal

If this doesn't work due to half-installed packages depending on Python 3 download and install them manually:

cd /tmp
apt-get download python3 python3.4 python3-minimal python3.4-minimal libpython3.4-minimal
sudo dpkg -i *python3*.deb
sudo apt install -f

Install the debsums package and perform a package sanity check to verify the integrity of the remaining packages and reinstall them if necessary.


MacBook Pro and Ubuntu 17.04 on USB Drive

The trouble is that under EFI (which Intel-based Macs use), removable disks boot differently than internal disks, and the Ubuntu installer is set up to install for internal disks but not removable disks. To elaborate:

Internal disks boot by putting a boot loader (grubx64.efi in the case of Ubuntu, at least by default) on the EFI System Partition (ESP) of the disk, typically in a subdirectory of EFI named after the OS. That is, for Ubuntu, GRUB is called EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi. For Fedora, it's EFI/fedora/grubx64.efi. For Windows, it's EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi. Because the filename varies depending on the OS, the computer needs to be told what filename to launch, and that information is stored in NVRAM. Ubuntu, like other Linux distributions, uses a tool called efibootmgr to manipulate the NVRAM.
Removable disks boot in a similar way to internal disks, but because removable disks are usually meant to be carried from one computer to another (as OS installers or emergency utility disks, for instance), they can't rely on information stored in the computer's NVRAM. Instead, they store their boot loaders using the fallback filename, EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi for x86-64/AMD64/x64 systems. EFI-based computers can boot removable media using the fallback filename on the disk's ESP.

There are some twists and caveats. Most notably, Macs can also boot from HFS+ volumes using the default macOS boot loader filename of System/Library/CoreServices/boot.efi; and to support UEFI-based PCs with Secure Boot, Ubuntu boots through a program known as Shim, which is stored as EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi or given the fallback filename on removable disks. Shim then launched grubx64.efi in a way that enables Secure Boot to work. Neither of these issues needs to be a factor for you on a Mac, since Macs can boot from the standard EFI boot loader locations and Macs don't use Secure Boot. You might run into references to these factors, though, and if you wanted to create something that would boot on UEFI-based PCs, you might need to add Shim for Secure Boot support.

One further complication is that Ubuntu's installer puts GRUB on the first ESP that it finds. This is likely to have been your internal hard disk, not the external disk. Thus, your main Ubuntu installation is likely to be on the external disk, but GRUB is likely to be on the internal disk. Ubuntu won't boot without GRUB or some other boot loader, so your external disk needs something else before it can boot.

In short, your task is to put a boot loader on your external disk using the fallback filename. There are quite a few options for this; see my EFI Boot Loaders for Linux page for a rundown of what's available, and for installation instructions. Two options are likely to be easiest to install, though:

GRUB -- If you can locate your existing GRUB installation, you should be able to copy it to the fallback boot loader position on the external disk's ESP. As I said, your GRUB is probably stored as EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi (along with shimx64.efi in the same location) on your internal disk's ESP; however, I can't be 100% positive of that. Once you locate GRUB, you should be able to copy it to the external disk's ESP under the fallback filename -- that is, copy all the files from that directory to EFI/BOOT on the external disk's ESP and rename either shimx64.efi or grubx64.efi to bootx64.efi. This should render the external disk discoverable to and bootable by the Mac's boot manager.
rEFInd -- You can download the rEFInd .zip file from the rEFInd downloads page. You can then run the refind-install script, passing it the --usedefault {device_file} option, as in sudo ./refind-install --usedefault /dev/disk1s1 to install it using the fallback filename to /dev/disk1s1 (which I'm assuming is your removable disk's ESP; but it could be something else). If you do this from Ubuntu, it should copy the right filesystem driver to read the Linux filesystem on which the kernel is installed. If you do it from macOS, it should copy the ext4fs driver. If you want to copy all the filesystem drivers, you can add the --alldrivers option to refind-install. This is sometimes helpful, but unnecessary drivers add to the risk of rEFInd malfunctioning, perhaps to the point of hanging. In any event, once this is done, the external disk should be bootable, and if the right filesystem driver is included, when you boot, rEFInd should appear and give you the option of booting Linux or anything else that's installed. Note that this installs rEFInd to the external disk, not to the internal disk.

Note that if you install rEFInd to the external disk in this way, that disk will become a useful emergency boot tool. When it launches, rEFInd actively scans for boot loaders on all media, which can be useful in case the boot process has become damaged in some way. rEFInd can also launch emergency EFI tools (if they're installed), adjust SIP settings, etc. GRUB can do some of these things, but it's not configured to do any of them by default.

If you were to install rEFInd to your internal disk (which is the method of installation to which I believe you were referring in your question), rEFInd should be able to boot the external disk, provided the right filesystem driver was installed. This would not help you boot the external disk on another computer, though, just on the Mac to which you installed rEFInd.


Can not connect to wifi after newest upgrade ubuntu kernel generic

Check that the /boot filesystem is not full or was full at the time you tried to install the latest kernel.


I know this is old but in case someone else finds it with the same question...

I believe that you need to change

enable-reflector=no

to

enable-reflector=yes

and restart the avahi-daemon service.


Errors are being detected during mount and the system is doing what it is told in fstab in order to give you the chance to fix it properly.

In fstab look for the line where the root is mounted.

It will look something like this:

UUID=a934c627-6f1a-498b-a857-1294108c7418 / ext3 errors=remount-ro

which tells the system that if there are errors detected, to mount it as ro

  From the mount (8) man page

  errors={continue|remount-ro|panic}

  Define the behaviour when an error is encountered.  (Either ignore errors
  and just  mark  the  filesystem  erroneous and continue, or remount the
  filesystem read-only, or panic and halt the system.)  The default is set in
  the  filesystem superblock, and can be changed using tune2fs(8).

Boot from your Ubuntu installation media and run another fsck on / to try to clean up the file system so it does not detect errors at mount time.  There are situations where fsck needs to be run more than once.

You can also change the line in fstab to errors=continue.


I've got a blue exclamation in the title bar and it won't go away

Open Ubuntu Software Center and search for Flash. Uninstall it, and the warning should go away.


Test this:

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

sudo -i
rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list
nano /etc/apt/sources.list

In the open file.

Delete the contents.

Paste the following:

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid-security multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu vivid partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu vivid partner
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu vivid main
# deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-proposed universe multiverse restricted main

Ctrl + O, save file. Ctrl + X, close nano.

Continue running:

apt-get autoremove
apt-get clean
UNUSCONF=$(dpkg -l|grep "^rc"|awk '{print $2}')
apt-get remove --purge $UNUSCONF
NEWKERNEL=$(uname -r|sed 's/-*[a-z]//g'|sed 's/-386//g')
ADDKERNEL="linux-(image|headers|ubuntu-modules|restricted-modules)"
METAKERNEL="linux-(image|headers|restricted-modules)-(generic|i386|server|common|rt|xen)"
UNUSKERNELS=$(dpkg -l|awk '{print $2}'|grep -E $ADDKERNEL |grep -vE $METAKERNEL|grep -v $NEWKERNEL)
apt-get remove --purge $UNUSKERNELS
apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade
dpkg --configure -a
apt-get -f install
apt-get clean
reboot


Should I install Ubuntu 18.04 instead of 20.04 to be able to use Android Studio and resolve similar compatibility issues?

Ubuntu only includes Open Source JDK alternatives in its repositories, whether it is 18.04 or 20.04. Oracle does not allow even downloading its JDK anymore without a user account since 2019.
Either install e.g. the openjdk-11-jdk package that is in the repositories, or install Azul Systems OpenJDK following this guide.
For any other problems you might have with 20.04, please post specific questions (or look for answers that are already there).


Is metadata (dates) for hardlinked files shared or unique? Inodes and linked files!

Hardlink provides one or more alternate paths for an inode. As per man 2 link, there is no difference between the original and newly linked paths.

As they share the same inode, all the metadata are shared among them.


Green was described the linked answer as:

  Green: Executable or recognized data file

White seems to be the default color (0), which means Normal (nonfilename) text and Regular file

More info can be found in man dir colors:

  ISO 6429 color sequences are composed of sequences of numbers
  separated
         by semicolons.  The most common codes are:

           0   to restore default color
           1   for brighter colors
           4   for underlined text
           5   for flashing text
          30   for black foreground
          31   for red foreground
          32   for green foreground
          33   for yellow (or brown) foreground
          34   for blue foreground
          35   for purple foreground
          36   for cyan foreground
          37   for white (or gray) foreground
          40   for black background
          41   for red background
          42   for green background
          43   for yellow (or brown) background
          44   for blue background
          45   for purple background
          46   for cyan background
          47   for white (or gray) background

   Not all commands will work on all systems or display devices.

   ls uses the following defaults:

   NORMAL    0           Normal (nonfilename) text
   FILE      0           Regular file

   DIR       32          Directory
   LINK      36          Symbolic link
   ORPHAN    undefined   Orphaned symbolic link
   MISSING   undefined   Missing file
   FIFO      31          Named pipe (FIFO)
   SOCK      33          Socket
   BLK       44;37       Block device
   CHR       44;37       Character device
   EXEC      35          Executable file


Keyboard shortcut to show desktop in 15.10

I found it. It should be Ctrl+Super+D.

You can see it under System Settings → Keyboard → Shortcuts → Navigation → Hide All Normal Windows


Why it can't connect to local mysql server due ERROR 2002?

I was able to resolve this issue by chowning the datadir folder so that the mysql user was the owner

sudo chown mysql:mysql /mysql/data/dir

Not sure if that will solve it for others, but that worked for me.


To avoid Ubuntu bug LP#1778946 which breaks DNS resolution after disconnecting the VPN connection, install the resolvconf package :

sudo apt install resolvconf

Or install a newer version of the network-manager-l2tp package from the following PPA:

https://launchpad.net/~nm-l2tp/+archive/ubuntu/network-manager-l2tp


How do I change system colors in Ubuntu 12.04?

There is a tool called MyUnity that allows you to change color schemes and install any GTK theme you like.

http://www.uielinux.org/myunity/


Newbie grep question.... output is doubled

You have two CPUs, or at least two cores, or at least two threads. Ubuntu sees these as two distinct processors and /proc/cpuinfo reflects that.

You can artificially limit this to only pull the first match:

$ grep -m1 "[MG]Hz" /proc/cpuinfo
model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU         920  @ 2.67GHz

I don't understand the second part of your question. If you want to display that and write it to a file, use tee:

$ grep -m1 "[MG]Hz" /proc/cpuinfo | tee testfile
model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU         920  @ 2.67GHz

$ cat testfile
model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU         920  @ 2.67GHz

If you just want to write it to a file, just redirect it with >. Grep outputs matches to STDOUT, so that will redirect just fine.


How to check which version of KVM I am running?

The command you're looking for is:

dpkg -s qemu-kvm | grep Version

You can look up the version of any package using dpkg -s [package name]

Regarding the KVM, a quick Google search returned it is titled qemu-kvm.

Example output (if you're running Debian Jessie):

  Version: 1:2.1+dfsg-12+deb8u5a

As an FYI, the grep command is case-sensitive by default, which is important because Version is upper-case. You can use the parameter -i to ignore case.


Open terminal and first install bleachbit

sudo apt-get install bleachbit

Then run bleachbit as sudo:

sudo bleachbit

Then perform a cleanup and you will see that things start going much faster :)


Blender has weird fuzzy misbehaving icon in launcher

The thing you are missing is a .desktop file to tell the launcher about Blender.

Assuming you installed to /opt/blender, copy the following to /usr/share/applications/blender.desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Blender
Comment=Blender 3D Graphics
Exec=/opt/blender/blender
Icon=/opt/blender/icons/scalable/apps/blender.svg
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Graphics;3D;Application;

Then search for blender in the dash, launch, right click the launcher icon and check Lock to Launcher


How to configure an Ubuntu server so that all traffic goes through a VPN?

Hi You can try this below link

you need to install pptpd

http://kamleshgosavi.blogspot.in/2011/01/vpn-server-on-ubuntu.html


Have you installed VirtualBox guest additions? If not, install it and then try.
Do you want internet to work on both windows as well as on ubuntu server?
If installing virtualbox guest additions also does not work, you can try creating virtual box network connection with "virtio net" driver.


Packages providing debug symbols for xserver-xorg

Use apt-cache to find:

$ apt-cache search xserver-xorg|grep dev
xserver-xorg-video-fbdev - X.Org X server -- fbdev display driver
xserver-xorg-dev - Xorg X server - development files

The package you want is xserver-xorg-dev


Should i run Ubuntu Server on a different drive to the one i will be using as storage?

I honestly recommend keeping the Operating System (OS) on a separate drive from data.  If your OS drive crashes, then you can reinstall your OS on the drive, and just remount the data drive.

Granted, your data drive could crash, while your OS drive remains fine, but this is why backups should be performed regularly.


Where can I find the Ubuntu drivers for a Dell 1700 printer.

Unfortunately, Dell doesn't provide their own Ubuntu drivers for their printers, all those drivers are for various versions of Windows.   The printer should however run fine in Ubuntu without the drivers.

Using Printers with Ubuntu

In the application System Settings (by default in the dock) there is a section called "Printing".

Alternatively, you can access it via the System Menu:

From that tool you can add and manage your printers.

Once you have a printer added you can manage it by right-clicking on it and choosing "Properties"

From here you can see, edit and control various aspects of your printer like status, name and ink levels (if supported).


Not able to print after upgrade to 18.04 LTS

I'm going to answer my own question in case it helps anyone.

I found this thread https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2404947 and did an autoremove, upgrade, and reboot. I logged back in and successfully printed a test page.


Laptop works fine with ac adapter, hangs after login screen using battery

Well for anyone using 11.04, Natty is having problems with slightly older hardware running the new Unity desktop, as for 10.10, i can't say what the problem is, I have a 7 year old PC that had 10.10 and it runs WONDERFULLY! It may be that the battery is having to work to hard to start everything up in Ubuntu, go to Preferences>Startup Applications, and disable anything that you don't need to immediately have when using Ubuntu, also you could try (on battery) on the logon screen, after you have clicked your username, there should be a little box at the bottom with the phrase "Ubuntu Desktop" or something like that (In 11.04,default is Unity), click the arrow to reveal a pop-up menu, and select the Ubuntu Desktop (recovery) option, or whichever one has a (recovery) tag next to it, try to log on using that desktop, and if it works, check the basic power managing settings (Preferences>Power Management) and check the settings regarding "On battery" Hope this helps!!


How to report a bug where F11 does not exit full screen properly?

Launchpad funnel is not as intimidating as I had imagined.


AMD Dual-Core Processor C-50, AMD Radeon HD 6250 graphics not support in ubuntu 11.10

Post release won't install, if you want the latest, download directly from AMD site and install.

http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Oneiric_Installation_Guide

I am running Catalyst 12.1 on my ASUS 1015B netbook which has C50 and AMD6250, with xvba-va driver, I can watch full HDMI video with VLC.


How can I fully remove/delete Ubuntu One?

That's easy. Just run the following in a terminal window:

sudo apt-get purge ubuntuone*


How should I make my partitions for a Full Install USB?

Creating a Full install Ubuntu USB from a Pre-built Image File that Boots BIOS and UEFI

Download Image File: https://phillw.net/isos/linux-tools/uefi-n-bios/dd_unb_ubuntu-20.04_15GB_2020-06-26.img.xz

Download Rufus: https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v3.11/rufus-3.11.exe

Double click Rufus exe file. (No need to install it).

Select USB Target drive in Rufus.

Select above Image File in Rufus.

Click Rufus start button.

Wait for flashing to complete... Done.

Open GParted and adjust partition sizes, create a FAT32 or NTFS data partition in the empty space if wanted.

(Password is "changeme", change it),
The SSD should boot on almost any modern X64 computer.
Thanks to sudodus for the image file.
In Windows it may be necessary to install 7Zip before proceeding. Rufus will use it when working with the .xz image: https://www.7-zip.org/a/7z1900-x64.exe


The set timefmt command only tells gnuplot the format of your input data. To specify the time format of the x axis, you need to add

set format x "%H:%M"

So

set xdata time
set timefmt "%H:%M"
set format x "%H:%M"
set datafile separator ','
plot "output2.csv" using 1:2 with lines


firefox addon "Deutsches Wörterbuch 2.0.2" full of errors

I'm sorry, I have to answer my own question.

I have a second plugin, which tries to autodetect the language of the page, and constantly detects de-CH instead of de-DE. Therefore it uses Swiss german, where Strasse is the correct way to spell the german word for street.

I'm now trying a dirty hack, to prevent those misdetections, by hiding the Swiss, Luxembourg, Lichtenstein, Belgian-DE and Canadian, Australian, South-African -EN dicts.

de-DE, de-AT, en-US and en-GB is all I need.

So I made a directory hide

sudo mkdir /usr/share/hunspell/hide

and moved the unwanted dictionaries into this subdir, in case I want to restore them (don't think so). Uninstalling wasn't an option, since Belgium and Luxembourg are bundled in the same package as Germany, while the Swiss is bundled with Lichtenstein.

I had to restart Firefox for the change to take effect. Now the list of dictionaries is much smaller, and better usable.


You need to add your partition to the /etc/fstab file so that it's automatically mounted. Extensive documentation is available on the net on how to add a partition to fstab so you should be able to do it easily.

Cheers,


You should try: antiX

antiX is a fast, lightweight and easy to install linux live CD distribution based on Debian Testing for Intel-AMD x86 compatible systems.

antiX offers users the "antiX Magic" in an environment suitable for old computers. So don't throw away that old computer yet!

It should run on most computers, ranging from 64MB old PII 266 systems with pre-configured 128MB swap to the latest powerful boxes. 128MB RAM is recommended minimum for antiX. The installer needs minimum 2.2GB hard disk size.

http://downloads.sourceforge.net/antix-linux/MX-14.3-non-pae.iso


Eternal question: How install Wine in Xubuntu 14.04.03 x64?

Try to run sudo apt-get -f install.

This will fix dependencies and remove broken packages.


suspend does not work more than once after reboot: ubuntu 15.04 dual boot

I am having exactly the same issue on the same model laptop (with Xubuntu 14.04.3.)

I have found no other answers about this, but here are my surmises:

Only UEFI has a boot script table.
If your machine did not formerly do this, and the difference was Dual-booting, may I make a guess that you were formerly using legacy mode with Ubuntu booting through grub-pc, where now you are using UEFI mode with Ubuntu booting with grub-efi?
I am not dual booting, but my install detected UEFI, and installed Xubuntu in UEFI mode. I was able to remove the echoes of the Windows install which the machine came with, so it is no longer even thinking about being dual-boot but it still has the described behaviour.
Therefore, there appears to be a problem with EFI and suspend interfering with each other in Ubuntu on the Lenovo G50-45. Which seems to be restricted to this hardware. (I haven't seen any indication of this failure mode on any other hardware.)

I intend to try fiddling with the system to change it to legacy boot (that is, using grub-pc instead of grub-efi), but this may have to wait for when I have some time and mental capacity to undertake this task. (ie., not the week before Christmas.)

I am sorry this answer isn't of much use, but more information is better, and at least you know you aren't alone.

Update: I tried booting in legacy mode. No EFI evident in the OS, (no /sys/firmware/efi/ was present) but this behaviour persisted. But then, there is still an EFI partition, so maybe I didn't clean it away thoroughly enough.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pm-utils/+bug/1528735


What should I delete when "Failed to fetch ppa"

To remove the unwanted ppa delete the file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/floe-libtisch-trusty.list.

The other one is just a backup file, you can delete it too, but it will not matter.

That post you linked to is talking about modifying /etc/apt/sources.list and how to find lines to delete there (like "if the line ends with main it is one you want to keep), but that doesn't apply to the files in the subdirectory.


Pulseaudio loopback changing source when new source is connected

For the sake of having an actual answer rather than a comment: pass source_dont_move=1 when loading the module (documentation).


It sounds like perhaps you are missing the kernel source code?  Maybe try installing the appropriate linux source package or linux kernel headers?


Try to put script in /etc/network/if-up.d/

Example script witch add route if interface up

# Check for specific interface if desired
[ "$IFACE" != "usb0" ] || exit 0
# Adding additional routes on connection
route add default dev usb0 via 192.168.42.129
route add ...
route add ...


Kubuntu 16.04 | How to turn off auto-login after start - GUI not working

Find out what DisplayManager you are using DM-List
(KUbuntu 16.04 is using SDDM)
Then you can open the right configuration file (/etc/sddm.conf)
There you can delete the entry as superuser ([Autologin]
User=john
Session=plasma.desktop)
Auto-Login is off

All information are taken out of

  https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/SDDM

I got the right hint at a kubuntu chat from a friendly user.


PYTHONPATH not set up before rc.local executed

export PYTHONPATH=</blah/blah> ; python /usr/local/lib/cr/python/quick2wire-python-api/src/quick2wire/i2c.py

the above should do the trick.

Else you can create a script ( .sh ) with above content and call the script from rc.local ;)


You're using a PPA, a version of a package that was not tested by official ubuntu maintainers:

  This PPA holds development releases of Déjà Dup. If you want to live
  on the bleeding edge or to help test development versions, please
  enable this PPA and report bugs!

Try installing the version that is in the official ubuntu repositories:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install deja-dup=20.1-0ubuntu0.2

If this fixes it, remove the PPA from your software repositories.
If it doesn't, you probably have to delete your configuration files (in home, I can't remember which files at the moment) and re-create them (because you downgraded from a newer version that might've updated existing configuration files).

If you are interested in contributing and debugging the program, try

DEJA_DUP_DEBUG=1 deja-dup

..and file a bug report to deja-dup's website: https://bugs.launchpad.net/deja-dup/+filebug


Is universe checked by the Ubuntu Security team?

This question interests me, and I'm trying to get another four reputation points, so I can upvote a useful answer I recently found here on ask Ubuntu... so I tried to find the answer:

The ones who maintain "Universe" are the Masters of the Universe. On their mailing list there was a discussion on security updates for Drupal, in August 2014. One answer worth reading contained "This is a fundamental difference between main and universe" and "users can always opt to not install universe packages". So if this information is correct it pretty much answers your question, I would say.

Probably Debian has faster security updates over its whole set of packages, than Ubuntu has over it's Universe branch... so you might consider using that distribution instead, if you need (server) programs not included in Ubuntu "Main".