Installing Ubuntu 12.10 to Mac Mini 2011

I just tried that. This is what I did:

I Installed refit (http://refit.sourceforge.net/). This step might not be necesary, but I installed it because I was worried about not being able to boot Ubuntu after the process.
Then I installed OSX, leaving a free space on the partitions.
I booted Ubuntu with a USB memory. To be able to do this, you might need to keep the option (left Alt) key pressed when booting. If you didn't install refit, use the command (Super) key.

From that, you just make sure that Ubuntu uses the free space and not the hole disk.

What problems did I find?

Well... it starts fine, but after 5 minutes my desktop freezes...

If you manage to install the video drivers correctly, let me know. I'm going to try with 12.04 and see what happens.


Command not found when SSHing into Ubuntu 12.04

The file /etc/motd is updated every 10 mins (by default) by the scripts in /etc/update-motd.d.  See:
UpdateMotd

The scripts are executed in order from 00 to 99 and write the output to the /etc/motd file.

Hence the file /etc/motd is still static and I don't think will be the cause of your problem.  Especially as the "Last Login" message is controlled by sshd and executed after motd.  You should examine your profile scripts.  Try your .profile, .bashrc or .bash_profile files in your home directory and look for the command that could be causing your problem.

Less likely but possible is the file /etc/profile which could be being executed before your individual user profile is.  Check that too if your personal profile doesn't show anything.


How to Tuning 10GB for Server Generate Traffic

Make sure you use MTU size of 9000 to get max. speed on the wire.
You can set this value like this: (example for NIC eth0)

ifconfig eth0 mtu 9000

or

ip link set dev eth0 mtu 9000

This makes sure that the maximum on bandwidth can be utilized. This is one possibility to tune network performance.
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) is the maximum packet size that can be transmitted at one time. If you drive a truck that can transport 9000 Kilo of cargo why you want to put on only 1500 Kilo ? :-) Thats the way it works here with MTU.
Next thing is  initial congestion window parameter.

ip route change default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0  proto static initcwnd 10

But this will be not supported from every NIC driver. Here is a good explanation of initial congestion window parameter: http://www.cdnplanet.com/blog/tune-tcp-initcwnd-for-optimum-performance/

Related to the above is the sysctl setting net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idleThis tells the system whether it should start at the default window size only for new TCP connections or also for existing TCP connections that have been idle for too long (on 3.5, too long is 1 second, but see net.sctp.rto_initial for its current value on your system). If you’re using persistent HTTP connections, you’re likely to end up in this state, so set net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle=0 (just put it into the sysctl config file mentioned above).

Make sure that the firewall isn't a bottleneck. Maybe you like to look on this side for net.netfilter.nf_conntrack* to tune if the FW is running on Linux too. Keep an eye on timeout-values here. Also if you use iptables on server-side !


Where are the Keyboard Settings Stored in MATE DE

1. MATE Desktop Environment session
1.1. Using gsettings
You need the following GSettings keys. Below is my example with two layouts (us and ru) using Ctrl+Shift as layout switcher and ScrollLock LED as indicator of the second layout:
gsettings set org.mate.peripherals-keyboard-xkb.kbd layouts "['us', 'ru']"
gsettings set org.mate.peripherals-keyboard-xkb.kbd model "''"
gsettings set org.mate.peripherals-keyboard-xkb.kbd options \
"['grp_led\tgrp_led:scroll', 'grp\tgrp:ctrl_shift_toggle']"

Edit it for your case.
1.2. Using dconf
Alternative method is to use dconf command:
cat <<EOF | dconf load /org/mate/desktop/peripherals/keyboard/
[kbd]
layouts=['us', 'ru']
model=''
options=['grp_led\tgrp_led:scroll', 'grp\tgrp:ctrl_shift_toggle']
EOF

Edit it for your case.
2. Terminal session and some GUI cases
Do not forget to run sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration to reconfigure keyboard layouts for terminal and some GUI sessions.
It will save its settings in /etc/default/keyboard.
You can configure it once, then copy this file to other machines. After changing this file you should update initramfs images with sudo update-initramfs -k all -u.

Also note, that MATE Keyboard Preferences may be opened with mate-keyboard-properties.


Can't delete files or folders on partition

If the NTFS drives are mounting as read-only, it's probably because Ubuntu thinks their filesystems are unclean, probably due to hibernation, or a damaged file system. Do this...
in Windows

boot into Windows
open the Power control panel
choose change what the power buttons do
choose change options that are unavailable
uncheck fast startup
close the Power control panel
open an administrative command prompt window
type powercfg /h off
type chkdsk /f c:
approve to run chkdsk at next reboot
type chkdsk /f x: (replacing "x" with drive letters of other visible NTFS partitions)
reboot into Windows to let chkdsk run on drive C:


sounds like driver issue or a failure to detect monitor type.  Are you using ATI or nVidia GPU cards?  If so have you tried to use the "System" -> "Administration" -> "Additional Driver" to find proprietary drivers?


Script to convert images in subfolders to individual PDF's

Something like will walk in the tree, extract directories and do the conversion. Be aware this can have problems with directory names which contain space or special symbols:

for i in `find . -type d`
do
convert "${i}/*jpg" "${i}/*png" ${i}.pdf
done


How can I do a backup of my Thunderbird inbox

I am assuming you mixed up and are referring to thunderbird, based on your tags. Guessing from your description, opening your HDD shoud show a folder home. Enter it and you should see your username. Enter it and press Ctrl+H, locate .thunderbird and copy it over to external storage.

Your home should be the folder home/<username> on whichever drive your Ubuntu was installed. Thunderbird stores all its data in .thunderbird in your home. By default files and folders starting with a . are hidden, you can press Ctrl+H to toggle showing hidden files from the file browser.

On a fresh install, copy it to your home folder before starting up thunderbird for the first time and it should automatically reuse all settings and downloaded email.

I'm assuming you located your hard disk and an external drive to copy files to.

cp -r /path/to/harddisk/user/<username>/.thunderbird /path/to/externaldisk/thunderbird-backup

If it fails, try sudo. You may have to correct permissions after restoring, though. To restore it, run:

cp -r /path/to/externaldisk/thunderbird-backup ~/.thunderbird


Can't connect my mx master to the unifying receiver (14.04 LTS)

As mentioned in the comment, try out Solaar:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install solaar

Once you run it, you can manage the pairing of your MX Master.

I had a similar problem; I think I overwrote the channel that was paired with the receiver. I cleared up the pairing with Solaar and then paired the mouse again: works like a charm.


How to remove the suspend and lock button from menu in ubuntu 17.04?

Found solution from Explanation of file - org.freedesktop.login1.policy -
 Unix & Linux

Open file explorer with sudo privileges.

sudo -H nautilus

Browse to /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.login1.policy. Make a copy of the file for restore purposes and search for each of the following.

org.freedesktop.login1.suspend
org.freedesktop.login1.suspend-multiple-sessions       org.freedesktop.login1.suspend-ignore-inhibit       org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate
org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-multiple-sessions
org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-ignore-inhibit

For each of the above action id scroll down past the translations to change the following from yes to no

<defaults>
     <allow_any>no</allow_any>
     <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
     <allow_active>no</allow_active>
</defaults>

Save and reboot.


Mount of File System Failed. -- After upgrading from 9.04 to 9.10

I think Gilles is right... in that case you just need to remap your disks with their new UUIDs.

boot up your live CD
open Nautilus and check which partition has similar folders to the picture below

You can see the partitions UUID in the title, if you wanna know what device this is...

press Ctrl+Alt+T to open Terminal and enter df -h

then find the device with same UUID...

now enter sudo -H gedit /media/<your UUID>/etc/fstab

replace your old UUID with your new one, make sure that you are replacing the right line in fstab. You can do this by checking if there is only / after the UUID.

You can same for your home as well, the only difference is, that you have to find your home directory and make sure that you are replacing the line with /home.

good luck!


20.04 LTS Since upgrade from 19.10 laptop doesn't suspend anymore after lid close

I had similar with a fresh UbuntuDDE install. I found answers in various sources (this one is probably the most relevant Ubuntu 18.04 - Dell XPS13 9370 no longer suspends on lid close). The issue is the laptop not going into "deep" sleep. Run this command

cat /sys/power/mem_sleep

And if you get the result below, then this is the issue.

[s2idle] deep

To change it, edit your grub file to add this text to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line

mem_sleep_default=deep

Then update grub

sudo update-grub

and reboot. After reboot, run this again

cat /sys/power/mem_sleep

and confirm now that your result is

s2idle [deep]

Then you should be good to go.


How to show files in desktop in KDE 5 like file explorer?

You need to add a Folder View widget to your desktop.

To do this:

Right click on your desktop and select "Add Widgets".
Look for the "Folder View" widget and drag it to your desktop, it should default to your /home/user/Desktop folder.


Check Network Adapter page you've probably attached the 'Network Adapter' to 'NAT', the virtual machine will be on a different network so no ping unless you define a manual routing.

If you have no knowledge on networks, the easy way is to attach the 'Network Adapter' to 'Bridge Adapter' and bridge to the interface you're using for you local network in you case probably wlan0.


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS works but no internet access. My wifi Internet connect works with my Win10

Try restarting the network manager using:

sudo  systemctl restart NetworkManager.service


You could use synaptic package manager ( to get there via menue : system tools ---> system administration ).

Then log in with password. Then inside of synaptic make query for package which is broken. Remove it completely with right mouse-key and hook. Apply your choice.

When finish then make query again for same package-name. Install it with right mouse-key and hook. Apply your choice. Done.

(Sometimes it can happen that package-installation simply fails. Then it is somehow "broken".)

Hope this runs.

:)


Assuming that it’s Nautilus that’s stuck, I would start with this. Open a terminal and enter:

nautilus -q

And if that doesn’t close the window then try this one:

killall nautilus

The first command gives nautilus the chance to do some housekeeping before it exits. The second one will just terminates the application it even if it’s stuck in the middle of something which could result in data loss. Once it closes, you should be able to re-launch normally.


iptraf-ng error floating point exception

Same issue. At first I noticed 'sudo apt install iptraf' leads to the package 'iptraf-ng'. Well after receiving the 'floating point exception error' I thought I should give 'lubuntu 16.04 LTS' a chance and it worked with 'iptraf' fine, but only if I choose the '/tmp' folder for storage!

Thought wrong I could do the same with my '18.04 LTS'.


ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

I got the solution. I only had to run this

SQL> startup upgrade


How to get a encrypted folder with passphrase

If you want a graphical interface that integrates well with gnome, try cryptkeeper.

The home page is here : http://tom.noflag.org.uk/cryptkeeper.html

It is in the ubuntu repositories.

Other options include Truecrypt, ecryptfs, and LUKS.

ecryptfs is also in the ubuntu repository,and should be installed by default, If it is not:

sudo apt-get install ecryptfs-utils

Make an encrypted directory, to be decrytped when you log in with

ecryptfs-setup-private

To make a directory that is not automatically decrypted when you log in you will need root access

mkdir ~/secret
chmod 700 secret

Encrypt the directory

sudo mount -t ecryptfs ~your_user/secret ~your_user/secret

You will be asked to enter a passphrase and a number of additional questions. Go with the defaults (hit enter) but answer y (yes) to "Enable filename encryption (y/n) [n]:" to encrypt file names.

Place any data you wish encrypted in ~/secret .

To encrypt the data

sudo umount ./secret

To decrypt the data, mount the directory again

To make it easier you can give the options you desire to the mount command with the -o flag (all one line)

sudo mount ~your_user/secret~your_user/secret -o key=passphrase,ecryptfs_cipher=aes,ecryptfs_key_bytes=16,ecryptfs_passthrough=no,ecryptfs_enable_filename_crypto=yes

Either make an alias in ~/.bashrc or make a custom launcher.


In a teminal use these commands which may help you find your file:

'sudo updatedb'
'sudo locate '

Example:

'sudo locate .odt'

The above will list all files on your PC with the characters '.odt' in them.  .odt being the default file extension of LibreOffice Writer.

Perhaps the document is on a USB stick which has since been removed?


External hdmi monitor stopped working (undetected)

Well, not sure how this fixed it but I went to the bios and change display from "auto detect" to "external hdmi", then started to work again.


Memory usage goes up after I kill another user session

Did you run commands one after another or gave OS some time to settle? Memory usage should spike but then decrease because IS runs cleanup processes. That’s what it looks like.

Did you wait for too long (OS might have started a background task)? Did you run any apps after kill but before free -m?


"Cannot access secondary GPU" error on a Lenovo y580

In file /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia I had to change

"ConnectedMonitor" to "UseDisplayDevice" AND "DFP" to "none".

This made this also works for a Lenovo Y480 GeForceGT 650M.


12.10 video card Driver:  Experience : limited

Try to install the mesa-utils package, which should help with the detection:

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

From this question:
https://askubuntu.com/questions/183274/intel-gma-950-doesnt-work-on-asus-eee-pc-1000he


You could use boot-repair to restore your MBR. Follow the steps below:

You need to have Ubuntu Live CD or Live USB. Normal session can be used to repair the grub. Boot using your Ubuntu Live CD or Live USB, while booting choose Try Ubuntu.

Once booted then open a terminal, and run the following command one by one to install the boot repair.

Add boot-repair to the repository

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
Update your repository

sudo apt-get update
Install boot-repair

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

Once Installation complete run boot-repair on terminal by typing the following command or select it by System->Aministration->Boot Repair.

boot-repair

It will scan the System for few seconds and will pop-up a small window. Select Advanced options and in Main options tab select Restore MBR.

Then select the MBR options tab, check the drive for MBR and Ubuntu. By default all the options are selected correctly if not select the drive where your MBR is to be and the correct OS.

Once done click ok and restart your system.


How to open a bash script in Terminator using a command line?

You can make terminator to execute a command with -x COMMAND [option]. So to run terminator with executing a shell script you can do the following:

terminator -x bash /path/to/script.sh

This will start a new instance of terminator and will automatically start the script in the bash and ask you for a password if necessary (e.g. when using a command with sudo).

Hope this helps.

Greatings, Darth Ravage


Boot-repair: "You have to give the partition where EFI files are located."

Have multiple /boot/efi partitions?
If so, don't use boot repair, instead follow these instructions:
Find the /boot/efi partition for Windows using fdisk -l|grep EFI and select the 260 MB one. Remember the partition number, for example 2 for /dev/sda2.
In /etc/grub.d/40_custom paste this:
menuentry 'Microsoft Windows 8' {
set root='hd0,gpt2'
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
boot
}

The line set root might need to be changed to match your partition number.For example set root='hd0,gpt4' for partition number 4.
Reboot and boot into Windows.


malformed line 59 in source list /etc/apt/sources.list (dist parse)

57  deb http://deb.playonlinux.com/ precise main
59  deb http://deb.playonlinux.com/precise main

See the space before precise. Or you are missing the word "precise" before main.

Same goes for the commented line 60: missing space of missing the word "precise" before main.

It goes "deb" "url" "ubuntuversion" "main"


Touchpad not working after suspending laptop

This bug is reported in launchpad: Elantech touchpad stops working after suspend. After suspend the OP tries # modprobe -r psmouse and # modprobe psmouse and it doesn't work. But what if psmouse was removed before suspend and inserted after suspend?

If this works manually then you can automate by creating a new file in the  /lib/systemd/system-sleep/ directory containing:

#!/bin/sh

case $1/$2 in
  pre/*)
    echo "Going to $2..."
    # Place your pre suspend commands here, or `exit 0` if no pre suspend action required
    modprobe -r psmouse
    ;;
  post/*)
    echo "Waking up from $2..."
    # Place your post suspend (resume) commands here, or `exit 0` if no post suspend action required
    sleep 2
    modprobe psmouse
    ;;
esac

It is known after a suspend the psmouse module can't be removed. We also know it can be removed and inserted before a suspend. So this technique removes it before suspend. After resume insert it and hopefully the kernel won't reject it.

The sleep 2 command is from my own problems where systemd and kernel (via gnome or APM) were both sleeping and waking up. I needed to redirect pulseaudio sound back to the TV due to a bug introduced in Ubuntu 16.04/pulseaudio 8.0. The 2 second delay was necessary for kernel and systemd to finish waking up. Still haven't figured out the dual suspend and dual resume yet....


How to extract strings that appear more than once?

You could switch from Extended Regular Expression (ERE) mode to Perl Compatible Regular Expression (PCRE) mode, allowing you to use the non-greedy modifier ?:

grep -oP 'File.*?\.png' list.txt

See for example Laziness Instead of Greediness


Create bootable USB drive on Mac for Windows

Just follow the standard instructions on the Ubuntu Download page. The USB stick you create on the Mac will boot the PC.

After the USB has been written your Mac may give the warning "The disk you inserted was not readable by this computer". You can safely ignore that warning and proceed with step 9, eject the USB.


Issues after installing Cinnamon on Ubuntu 13.10

If you went straight to installing cinnamon without adding repository, chances are; you installed cinnamon for previous Ubuntu versions mostly 12.04/10. Run the following commands.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-stable

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install cinnamon

This will reinstall cinnamon stable version and am sure it will fix everything, then restart for effects to take place.
If you still experience problems, run the following commands

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove cinnamon

sudo apt-get autoremove

sudo apt-get update -f

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


Don't know for sure, but I use grub-customizer all the time. It's a lifesaver!

I ran it and under the General Settings tab, my boot entry is "(first entry)", not "Ubuntu". It's the first choice in the drop-down menu.

That screen also has a field for setting the menu timeout interval. If it says 10 seconds there, you can adjust it down. If it already says 1 second, then something's wrong. In that case, you might want to post a question on the grub-customizer page on launchpad. I haven't posted there in quite some time, but when I did, Daniel Richter was very helpful.


How Do I Restrict VMWare Workstation to Use Only Eth1 directly?

This answer addresses the new question by the OP, in comments:

    After reading Thomas W's answer, I realized my question is worded wrong. I don't want to prohibit Eth1 being used by anything else. I want my virtual machines to use only eth1. Don't I need to set up vmnet2 to do that?
    I would prefer my router to do DNS, NAT, etc. instead of my PC.

You would need the VMware Virtual Network editor tool, run with sudo, to make changes, and then restart the VMware service.

But essentially, you have to edit vmnet0 in the editor, and instruct it which network interface to be 'bridged' to.  That will allow the VM to 'work' over the ethernet interface as if it were connected to the network directly.  Note that this does not always work with all network interfaces and setups, and if this does not work correctly then you will need to use NAT or use an external ethernet adapter.

UPDATE - November 11, 2015.

In VMware Workstation 12, the networking configuration which addresses the bridged network is in /etc/vmware/networking.

Look for add_bridge_mapping lines.  For all your physical interfaces, you may have multiple of these lines, like seen here:

add_bridge_mapping eth1 -1
add_bridge_mapping wlan0 -1
add_bridge_mapping eth0 0

Change these so that the one you want to have the bridged connection to has the 0, and the others have -1.  I would emulate this format, with -1 being ahead of the 0 lines.

Untested, but this is really the changes that the Virtual Network Editor does.


How to turn off nvidia (hybrid graphics)

Thank you for the hint with the proprietary driver. It saved my kubuntu experience.
With nvidia version 340 it works perfectly. Furthermore I figured out there was no option in nvidia x server settings menu to switch between the two shown after installing, but you can do it via terminal:

with    prime-select query you can see, which one is currently running.

with    sudo prime-select intel  you can turn on the intel card.

with    sudo prime-select nvidia the other one.


Is there any way that I can use Ubuntu 13.04 since it is no longer supported?

You can still use unsupported software, the only problem is that you wont recive official updates. But it's possible. One of the problems is that it's less secure than an up-to date version.

But I would install 12.04 in the meantime until 14.04 becomes more stable for you. Or run an unsupported distrobution like 13.04 or 13.10. It's mainly up to you if you want to take risk of running an unsupported version.

I currently run 13.10 on my laptop and it works fine.

Let's simplify this with an easy pro vs con.

Pros

You can remain with the software and settings you are used to.
No updates on your current system ensures that it wont break after an automatic upgrade (since there are none).

Cons

Are you surfing on open networks a lot like, café, school, etc. Then it might be a good idea to have the latest security upgrades.
Do you have a lot of new hardware then you might need the latest kernels which you only get on supported versions.
No offical help, you can't get help on Ask Ubuntu because the problem might be gone on a supported release.

there might be more cons than pros, but I would continue on an usnupported release until the bugs are gone. You can easily test a supported release by installing it on like a USB or SD-card. Then you can try new kernels and see if your problem gets solved.

Good luck!


How to navigate to connected iPhone? Filesystem path to `afc://`?

If you're using gfvs to mount (sudo idevicepair pair), after pairing look here /run/user/1000/gvfs/ And just cd (change directory) into the folder you're seeing (afc://1eefblablablablablablablablab).


Unable to change privacy settings upon install of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Removing config files and clearing the cache by running the following commands fixed the issue

cd ~
rm -r .cache .config

Source: added as an update to the question by OP (which should have been posted as an answer instead)


Here is the link to download Piratunbu theme for Ubuntu 12.04.

http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php?content=147063

Download the theme from here, and don't forget to read "readme" file inside the package. "readme" will help you to install the theme properly.


How to raise desktops without clicking on "Activities"

Well, I can answer my own question.  Gnome tweak tool's Top Bar settings:  turn on Activities Overview Hot Corner.

Finally.

I'm sure I'm the only one jangled by this, but hopefully it will help someone.


Green terminal prompt vanished from Ubuntu 20.04

You can restore the default ~/.bashrc file by running

cp /etc/.bashrc ~

You should get the default terminal behavior back.


How do I install `bcmwl-kernel-source` with dpkg

As we see, bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu4 doesn't compile correctly for your system. On my system, using the exact same kernel version, bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu7 installs correctly. I therefore suggest:
mkdir bcmwl && cd bcmwl
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu7_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i bcmwl*.deb

Is there any improvement?


MacOS-like file preview with spacebar for Xubuntu

Sure, you'll have to install a different file manager though! If you're going to do that, however, you might as well just change your whole distribution.
Another way is to use Thunar's custom actions to create an option to open with ImageMagickQ16, (command line for this is "display") or it might already be on right click "open with" if installed. You can check your package manager to see if you can install it, if not. Works fine on my Xubuntu 16.04.2.
If you have no particular need to open these files in anything else you can even set it as default, by selection on right click of open with other application, set that as default for that type of file, so when you click on a file with certain file names it will pop up the "preview." Downside of this is if you really want to open another picture viewer as typical behavior,  you will then have to right click and select "open with" something else, such as Ristretto. (You can change it back with the same method, however.)
 Also, those "previews" do not close automatically, if you preview a slew of photos you'll wind up with all of them open. Just be sure to click the X in ImageMagick to close each one after viewing.
That program has been around a LONG LONG time, since 1986 If I recall. You can even do basic editing in it if you'd like. However, it's mostly used as a backend for other programs, such as previewers for several file types, PDF viewers, RAW image viewers, etc. Interesting thing, it's on most Linux systems by default, and is usable in Windows (MS) systems as well.

Other file managers use Gloobus-preview or Gnome-Sushi to automate the process of having picture previews available in the file manager. I really really loved the old Marlin file manager for this, but it doesn't seem to work properly in its replacement, Pantheon. Previews work in Nautilus, but personally, never liked that one much, for other reasons.


How do I set the search path for systemd-resolved?

On my 18.04.3 system, man resolved.conf says to modify the Domains= line of the /etc/systemd/resolved.conf file.  Excerpt below:

Domains=
           A space-separated list of domains. These domains are used as search suffixes when resolving single-label host names
           (domain names which contain no dot), in order to qualify them into fully-qualified domain names (FQDNs). Search
           domains are strictly processed in the order they are specified, until the name with the suffix appended is found. For
           compatibility reasons, if this setting is not specified, the search domains listed in /etc/resolv.conf are used
           instead, if that file exists and any domains are configured in it. This setting defaults to the empty list.

           Specified domain names may optionally be prefixed with "~". In this case they do not define a search path, but
           preferably direct DNS queries for the indicated domains to the DNS servers configured with the system DNS= setting
           (see above), in case additional, suitable per-link DNS servers are known. If no per-link DNS servers are known using
           the "~" syntax has no effect. Use the construct "~."  (which is composed of "~" to indicate a routing domain and "."
           to indicate the DNS root domain that is the implied suffix of all DNS domains) to use the system DNS server defined
           with DNS= preferably for all domains.

Having done that and restarted systemd-resolved, my /etc/resolv.conf now contains the search domains I wish (since I have configured a static address on this Ubuntu server - it is not going to pick up anything from DHCP)


Prompted for LUKS password twice on boot despite separate, unencrypted boot partition?

Something is off in your configuration. There should be a /boot partition that is outside the encrypted LVM partition. This partition is separate from the EFI parition. In fact, the EFI partition gets mounted at /boot/efi. The unencrypted /boot partition is what contains the initrd (initial RAM disk, a temporary root filesystem used at boot time) that houses everything needed for system decryption. The initrd, not GRUB, is what typically runs at boot time to ask you for your password and then unlocks everything in one go so you can load and run the installed system.

You will need to create a new unencrypted partition and move /boot there. Then you'll need update your /etc/fstab. If you don't have a /etc/crypttab file, you need to make one that decrypts /dev/sda4 (the UUID is typically used in this file). Then run:

sudo update-initramfs; sudo update-grub

to rebuild all of your boot files.

You can create /boot on /dev/sda or you can use another device (even a USB stick partition) if you like. Format your new /boot partition using ext[2,3,4] (use ext2 if you're putting it on a USB). The Ubuntu installer uses ext2 for the /boot partition.

Further explanation
In your further information, the table you reference is addressing Arch Linux with which I have used very little and am much less familiar. As for the second link to the mount point for the EFI partition, sticking with convention will make it easier in the long run in case you need to troubleshoot or you're setting up a system that someone else may manage. I've never tried mounting the EFI partition anywhere else, but if it works for you, go for it. If that path is hardcoded in any application that needs to access the partition, it could prove problematic.

Yes, if you already have an EFI partition, Windows and Ubuntu can happily share the same EFI partition, but the initrd files to decrypt and boot into Ubuntu are not saved on the EFI partition (/boot/efi on a standard installation). They are saved in /boot. I'm curious to know how you performed the installation as Ubuntu doesn't handle an encrypted /boot partition well. At any rate, using the graphical installer and opting for FDE results in the following partition structure:

sda
├─sda1      boot partition on    /boot
├─sda2      EFI partition on     /boot/efi
└─sda5      LUKS encrypted partition
  └─LVM PV
    ├─root  Logical Volume on    /
    └─swap  Logical Volume as swap

Perhaps Ubuntu will one day better support /boot encryption, but if you want to get by with a single password in the meantime, you're probably just going to have to create an unencrypted partition for /boot, separate and distinct from your EFI partition. There is justifiable concern about an unencrypted /boot partition which is why I mention the possibility of using a USB stick (separate device) to house your /boot partition.

Further investigation (This is most likely what you are looking for)
So I did a little digging, and it looks like others have set up systems without the /boot partition, though it was required during initial system installation. Take a look at the bottom of this article that describes a setup similar to what you say you're running. In it the author presents a fix for the second password prompt. Basically, the author walks you through creating a key file, adding it to your LUKS partition, and then tweaking the initrd file to use the key file where the system is asking you for the password the second time.


Currently, the only way to run Windows executables is using Wine. If you have the source code, you may be able to compile it for Ubuntu, but Wine is your best bet. If there is a jar file of the application in question, you can run it natively on Linux.


Change from the Panel properties, right click on the panel and position it to the top.


How to enable GPUVideoDecode (hardware acceleration) with Chromium on Xubuntu 17.10?

I was able to solve the problem by upgrading to version 65 or 66.
According to the maintainer for this PPA, this problem is related to something which is probably missing in the 64 version.


Nextcloud WAN/LAN - How to limit it only to my local LAN

Consider how your network and the internet is structured. Your computers are behind your router, which has an IP address from your ISP. Your router hands out its own IPs to your computers, and NATs traffic to/from the public IP.

The only way for your computer to be accessible (or not) beyond your router is a setting on your router: forward ports 80 and 443 to the computer hosting nextcloud if you want it accessible from outside your network, and don't do so if you don't want it to be accessible.

By default, your Nextcloud install will only be available on your local network unless for some reason you already have the aforementioned forwarding rules in place.


The Live USBs work now, I don't know what was wrong before. I am just going to install Mint instead.

Thanks anyway!


Ubuntu 16.04 cannot find my bluetooth headphones

Try the following process:

Run

sudo nano /etc/bluetooth/main.conf

Change #AutoEnable=false to AutoEnable=true (at the bottom of the file, by default).
Run

sudo service /etc/init.d/bluetooth restart

Then your Ubuntu machine maybe would be able to find your BT headphones.


despite installing php 7.3, version is still php 7.2

D'oh. I had removed the PPA and not installed the php7.3-cli package before. Adding the Ondrej Sury PPA back and installing php7.3-cli solved it.


Looks like you're suffering from bug #50198. Please go to launchpad and click the 'this bug affects me' link to increase the urgency that the issue will get looked at.

There is a way to hack with pam to stop it asking for the password, but it's bad for security.


Use aplay -l to see your playback hardware devices.

You should see your device sound card, according to your notebook, look for the one that looks like (Make sure that it refers to analog output):
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC887-VD Analog [ALC887-VD Analog]

Make a new configuration file: sudo gedit /etc/asound.conf

Put the following and save the file:
defaults.pcm.card 0 # Replace with your card number
defaults.pcm.device 0 # Replace with your device number

Reboot your computer.


Using Oracle VirtualBox to boot Ubuntu Server 13.10

This Kernel requires a x86-64 CPU. Unable to boot.

That means you are trying to install 64-bit server in a 32-bit CPU.  The Ubuntu 13.10 32-bit download link not placed in main download page.

You can get Ubuntu 13.10 server 32-bit here

Hope that helps you.


LXDE: PCManFM Thumbnails of images > 2MB are not shown

By default pcmanfm limits the size of files to show thumnails to 2 Mb.

Go in the menu Edit > Preferences > Display

At the bottom, change the value of  "Do not generate thumbnails for file exceeding this size" from 2000 KB to a larger size.

10000 KB (10MB) perhaps. Depends on the size of your pictures.


Can you back up and restore your Ubuntu machine with Ubuntu for Windows?

Do you mean you have a wubi install? If so,  add exclude="/host".


Kubuntu 14.04 installer does not recognise partitions on hard disk with GPT

The suggestion of @oldfred was the key. The missing bios_grub partition was the problem and I came across the excellent explanation here: ''EFI boot partition'' and ''biosgrub'' partition given by @RodSmith which also helped. So thanks for your help guys.


I previously posted this answer on the topic, take a look to see if that answers it for you.

In short, a scope is a way to create cgroups for a process tree, while systemd is not the one spawning the process itself (as it always does for service units.)

Using systemd-run --scope is a good example of starting a new scope (and the process itself will be started by systemd-run, not by systemd PID 1.)

  What are the benefits, the purpose using a custom scope?

From the isolation point of view, similar to running a service. You can do accounting and impose limits on resources such as CPU, memory, etc. for that particular group of processes.

And benefits of using a scope other than a service is that you can launch the process from your current environment, don't have to launch it through the system manager. In particular, that allows you to have processes running in scopes that are connected to a local context, such as an X11 server, or an SSH connection or with access to an ssh-agent, etc. You can move any process (even existing one) to a scope you create, while services will always launch new processes and typically with a sanitized environment.

  The only way to create a scope (without programming) is the systemd-run --scope?

There are other ways to start a scope. For example, using the busctl tool is a possibility, but it's hard to tell whether you'd think of that as "programming" or not... But that would allow you to move an existing process to a newly created scope, which systemd-run can't do by itself.

I hope you find these pointers helpful.


What's the easiest way to send files to a remote computer?

If you can download files and run .exes (uninstalled of course) you could try FileZilla
https://filezilla-project.org/
Just make sure you download the zip version since you can't install programs. Although FileZilla is mainly for ftp since you have a SSH server installed and running on your remote computer you can use SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol).

Daniel


I suggest to increase the size of the Ubuntu partition.

You need to right-click it and unmount first. Also you will need to turn swap off the same way with the swap partition.

Then you will be able to reduce the size of hfs partition and expand the Ubuntu partition.

Also I do not think you need that big swap partition, if you do not plan to use hibernation.

Regarding the total size, it is OK. HDDs never have the capacity that is written on the label.


My ubuntu partition was deleted and I can't boot from either a DVD or USB

The code that fits in the Drive MBR is very small. In the case of Windows, the bootloader is very simple and merely redirects to the bootsector of the partition with the boot flag set. Grub is a more complicated bootloader, but it's still limited by the space, so it has to load modules from a specific partition (the Ubuntu partition you deleted).

When Grub cannot find those modules (because the partition no longer exists), then you get a very limited grub rescue prompt. It can be used to load grub modules manually, but of course in your case, that's not possible because there is no partition. So there is really nothing you can do (that I am aware of) that will boot the remaining operating system (Windows).

In your case, the simplest way to fix it is to replace the Grub bootloader with a Windows bootloader. You mentioned you have problems booting from DVD and USB, in which case you'll have to figure that out or consider removing your drive to another machine. I think it's pretty unusual for a machine to no longer boot from USB or CD/DVD so I'd try troubleshooting that.

Then you can install the Windows bootloader from a Windows repair prompt (either by booting a Windows repair CD or a Windows Installation DVD) and running:

bootrec /fixmbr

Or you could boot an Ubuntu CD and install a bootloader with equivalent function...

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lilo
sudo lilo -M /dev/sda mbr

Lilo will give you a big warning after it's installed - but you can ignore that as when it is used as a Windows style bootloader, it works fine as written above.


Cannot move Linux Wifi Driver into the specific directory

ID 2357:0106 TP-Link Archer T9UH v1 [Realtek RTL8814AU]

Your device is driven by the driver rtl8814au, as the name suggests. With a working internet connection by ethernet, tethering or whatever means possible, open a terminal and do:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential git dkms
git clone https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8814au.git
cd rtl8814au
sudo make dkms_install

Remove and reinsert the device and your wireless should now be working.


I strongly suggest you to check this video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EncqYP1ijFg&feature=player_embedded which shows the correct usage of testdisk in order to fix situations like that. Which was really useful for me in the past when faced an issue like yours.

I am sure you'll be able to find a way to bring back your partition if you follow the easy steps provided in the video by amzertech.

Parts of my experience is documented in this answer Formatted and lost 6 years worth of photo memories.. any way to get this back?, partially posted right here for your convenience:

  First of all you calm down.
  Tranquil, if you erased or removed
  the partition's table, the data is
  still there. You need to find a way
  to bring it back, that's it.
  The most you can keep the drive off
  new data, the best for your data. If
  you write new data, the older data
  will be replaced by the new as this
  starts using the clusters.
  If possible, try not using MS based
  tools, which (in my case) just wrote
  a few clusters in the disk which
  made unusable some data. MS Recovery
  Tools (such as Easy Data Recovery
  and others) tries to read the
  partition table but it also writes
  some clusters which can't be fully
  read in order to recover the "usable
  part of the data". This may harm
  your data replacing the original
  allocation clusters with blank data
  which allows the software to gain
  access to the cluster itself.
  Follow the instructions shown on the
  video documented by amzertech
  and that clearly explains exactly
  what I did in order to recover my
  data.
  If you follow these instructions, I
  am sure you are going to succeed.
  Even in the worst cases (how can a
  different case than mine be worst?)
  you will succeed if you follow this
  easy instructions. Remember, the
  data will remain intact if you leave
  the disk intact. The most things you
  do to the disk, will be the most
  risk your data is reaching.


Post #10 here https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=171226 fixed it for me.
I think I finally found a way to disable the inactivity curtain in gnome 3.10. Launch dconf-editor then drill down org > gnome > desktop> session. Find the key for idle-delay and change it's value to 0 .

Or  you can do it in once step by running the command:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay 0

You'd think it would be easy to get rid of that annoying stuff...


chmod +x

execute the program

ex:

program name is "test". It is located at /home/user1/Downloads/test

cd /home/user1/Downloads/

chmod +x ./test

./test -h


How to find which PPA contains a specific package?

y-ppa-manager can do that for you:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

Search the package and use the button Add selected PPA to add the PPA.


...effectively turning a 24" monitor into a 20" one...

That is surprisingly easy to achieve (replace DVI-0 with your monitor, of course):

xrandr --output DVI-0 --set "underscan hborder" 128 --set "underscan vborder" 128

...and turn it on/off using:

xrandr --output DVI-0 --set underscan on
xrandr --output DVI-0 --set underscan off

On a 24" monitor, the image should shrink down to about 20.2".

The borders have to be values in the range 0-128, where 1 results in the smallest borders, 128 in the largest, and 0 is somewhere in between. I don't know what these values actually represent.


Switch to tty1 using Ctrl+Alt+F1

You can switch back usually by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F7


Installation crash from trying to overwrite files

I would suggest to download the ISO again and recreate the installer.
When you search your message these bug reports show up: bug #1 and bug #2 (see comment #5). Both have been closed automatically with this message:

Reviewing your installation log file it appears that your installation media contains some extra data which is causing the installation to fail. The standard Ubuntu installation media (and that of supported derivatives) does not include this data and will not fail in this way, so it must be an issue with the way your installation media was prepared. Subsequently, this bug report is Invalid. However, to resolve the issue should try fully erasing the USB drive which contains the installer before recreating it. Thanks and good luck!
[This is an automated message. I apologize if it reached you inappropriately; please just reply to this message indicating so.]

Bug #3 has this comment ...

You have dirty installation media containing a mix of debian and ubuntu. You need to format the installation medium before preparing it for use to install a new OS.


could not load module rsyslog lmnsd_gtls.so

Get the missing module by installing the rsyslog-gnutls package.

sudo apt-get install rsyslog-gnutls

see also http://virtuallyhyper.com/2013/06/install-splunk-and-send-logs-to-splunk-with-rsyslog-over-tcp-with-ssl/

see also http://help.papertrailapp.com/kb/configuration/encrypting-remote-syslog-with-tls-ssl

Check to see if the module file exists :

ls -la /usr/lib/rsyslog/lmnsd_gtls.so


The step-by-step instructions for Ubuntu 14.04 said to open the sources.list file located at /etc/apt/sources.list for editing. You can open the sources.list file for editing in nano text editor using this command:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Add this line to sources.list:

deb ftp://jim.mathematik.uni-kl.de/repo/ubuntu14 trusty main

Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+O and after that press Enter to save the changes in sources.list.

Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+X to exit nano.

Then run these two commands to update the latest list of software and then install singular:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install singular

If you get this error when trying to use apt-get:

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (11 Resource temporarily unavailable)

...the instructions for fixing it are at this question:
Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/) is another process using it?.


BQ aquaris 4.5 freezing on start up screen

Go for a hard reset.

You can find the Ubuntu firmware in the following link:
http://www.mibqyyo.com/descargas/categorias/aquaris-e4-5-ubuntu-edition/

You can follow these steps to install Ubuntu in your device. Remember that this procedure will erase all personal data and downloaded content on the device.

You can follow this video tutorial which is a step by step procedure on how to perform a Hard Reset:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQ94y8XEfLw&feature=youtu.be

Select the latest firmware available and the drivers and tools to download it.
Unzip both archives downloaded and move the folders inside, to the root of the partition (c:) of your PC.
Go to the folder "Drivers" which has been moved to the root of your PC, and open the file "Install" or "Install.bat". Your PC will warn you that the drivers are unsigned, please continue with the installation. Please, right click on it and select to install using the administrator mode.
Go to the folder "MTK SP Flash Tool" and execute"Flash_tool" or "Flash_tool.exe".
Click on "Scatter-Loading" and select the file "Android_scatter_emmc" (or similar name)  which is in the unzipped folder named "firmware" that you moved to the root, and press "Open".
Please, be careful and select "Firmware upgrade" from the dropdown list. If you select any other option, it may affect the proper functioning of the device .
Click on "Download".
Swich off your smartphone and connect it to your PC. The procedure will start immediately.
When the procedure has finished, a green circle with the "OK" word will appear in the screen. This means that the Hard Reset was successful.


AES is impractical to break.
This is impossible by definition. RAR uses pretty good cryptography, in fact 128-bit AES, which has insofar never been cracked via cryptanalysis or brute-force. You may want to try to find another format of the same archive with no security or one that is trivial to break, since this one will not be breakable.


Motherboard Compatibility - ASUS TUF Z390M-PRO

According to Linux Status Report for ASUS Desktop Motherboards the ASUS TUF Z390M-PRO GAMING is tested as compatible with Ubuntu 18.04. It is listed in the ASUS motherboard report as TUF Z390M-PRO GAMING.


Things you can use to resolve this situation:

reinstalling and then removing

sudo apt-get install --reinstall kibana
sudo apt-get remove kibana

single remove without purge

sudo apt-get remove kibana

force installing and removing

sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get remove --purge kibana

force removing by dpkg

sudo dpkg -r --force kibana


Why there are tons of softwares on "Synaptic Package Manager" when there are only few softwares on "Ubuntu Software Center"?

Software centre contains Full packages along with the required dependencies . But In Synaptic all the Packages are individual .

If you'd like to install anything from software centre selecting package will be enough but that's not going to be fine if you are doing with Synaptic package manager .

If you are a basic user of Linux/Ubuntu then I suggest you to choose Software centre not synaptic .


ffmpegthumbnailer error - Failed to load gio libraries (Kubuntu 14.04)

Fixed by running

sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev

Inspired by this answer.


OpenOffice Calc doesn't show up in the alt-tab window switcher

This is a known bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/942222.
On my machine, however I can't reproduce it, and libreoffice appears in alt-tab switching...


HP 625 with an ATI HD4200 crashes when watching videos on websites

I had the same problem with my HP 625 (yes I have the same computer). I know how to solve this problem (works for me).

Remove catalyst from your computer. This solves crashing your PC.
Install Adobe Flash player (and update the program if needed). It's free (i.e., costs nothing).
Now you are able to see videos without crashing.

Have fun with your working hp 625!


There's a section about that in the troubleshooting section ( http://wiki.rabbitvcs.org/wiki/support/faq ) under I have installed RabbitVCS, but I don't see any context menu items or emblems!.  It leads to the support page here.


Via

sudo apt-get install intel-microcode

After that, reboot your system and check the output with the command below

dmesg | grep microcode

And here is my outdated version, my cpu is simply too old

% dmesg|grep "updated"
[    0.000000] CPU0 microcode updated early to revision 0x60f, date = 2010-09-29
[    0.008000] CPU1 microcode updated early to revision 0x60f, date = 2010-09-29
[    4.380563] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:


Is it possible to install MicroK8s on Ubuntu core 18?

Ubuntu Core only supports strictly confined snaps.

Ubuntu Core does not support --classic snaps. That is why you are seeing the "classic" error on a Core system, but not on a Cloud system.

Here is an excerpt from the relevant release announcement (January 2017):

  With snapd 2.20, a new confinement policy is introduced: “classic”,
  designed to cater for all your scripting and tooling needs. Snaps
  declaring their confinement as “classic”, have access to the rest of
  the system, as most legacy (debian packages for example) packaged apps
  do, while still benefiting from the ci-integrated store model, with
  automated updates, rollbacks to older versions, release channels, etc.

  This new “classic” confinement is only available when snapd is
  installed on top of a traditional Linux distribution, as opposed to
  Ubuntu Core systems.


I figured out how to do it! After some research, I figured out the following would work:

1. Import system processes

from multiprocessing import Process
import subprocess

this need to be added at the top of AppNameWindow.py.

2. Connect a button to an application

def on_button1_clicked(self, widget, data=None):
       p = Process(target=self.launch_gcc)
       p.start()

def launch_gcc(self):
       subprocess.call(["gnome-control-center"])'

With this code you tell button1 to open GNOME Control Center when clicked. "gcc" in this example is a variable you can change yourself when adding another button.

Adding URL to button

You can also add an URL to a button with the following code:

1. Import webbrowser

import webbrowser

this need to be added at the top of AppNameWindow.py.

2. Connect a button to an URL

def on_button3_clicked(self, widget, data=None):
return webbrowser.open ('http://example.com')

With this code you tell button3 to open the webbrowser with "example.com" when clicked.


Go to Tools->Preferences

Check the option of “allow only one instance".
You may want to check the related "Enqueue files in playlist when in one instance mode" too.
Press save.


How much mobile data is needed during the first install?

Let's assume that when I install linux ubuntu, I want everything to work from the word go. I want to get anything needed and enjoy a full first install.

What's everything?

There's a lot of packages that doesn't make sense, unless you're in a very specific field, for instance special libraries or packages for e.g. python for a special purpose.

There's mutually exclusive packages, and there's alternatives that doesn't make sense to install at the same time in many cases.

A desktop system doesn't typically need apache2, postfix, and so forth, but if you are a web developer, it may make sense to install them. And so forth.


I also installed Quake 3 from the Ubuntu Repository and managed to get the full game running successfully. You will need to install both the Quake 3 package as well as the application game-data-packager to create a non-distributable Quake 3 data package. First run the following command from a Terminal window:

sudo apt install quake3 game-data-packager innoextract

Now move the vital pak0.pk3 file to the location of your choice. After a bit of experimentation I created ~/.q3a/baseq3 and moved the file there. Another reasonable and perhaps more traditional location for this file would be /usr/share/games/quake3-data/baseq3/ but the location in $HOME worked well enough for me and I illustrate the required syntax here:

andrew@corinth:~$ mkdir -pv ~/.q3a/baseq3
mkdir: created directory '/home/andrew/.q3a/baseq3'
andrew@corinth:~$ cp -v pak0.pk3 ~/.q3a/baseq3
'pak0.pk3' -> '/home/andrew/.q3a/baseq3/pak0.pk3'
andrew@corinth:~$

Make sure the path to your file pak0.pk3 is correct or you will get an error message of 'File not found...'. Now tell the game-data-packager application to sort out the data files:

game-data-packager -i quake3 ~/.q3a/baseq3/pak0.pk3

After some considerable downloading and repackaging you can now start fragging!!! Obligatory screenshot below:

Works well on my system and hopefully on yours as well...


To exclude hidden files when using locate, try this:

locate -i --regex "^/absolute/path/to/the/directory/[^\.]+"

If the directory contains files like .hidden, ..hidden, ...hiden they will be excluded too. If you just want to exclude only .hidden, remove the + from the end:

locate -i --regex "^/absolute/path/to/the/directory/[^\.]"

or simply (extended regexp is not needed too):

locate -ir "^/absolute/path/to/the/directory/[^\.]"

EDIT: After editing the question, the whole meaning of the question is different now and my initial answer is not correct in the modified context. Run the following to exclude all hidden files from the Output of locate (given the filename does not contain /):

locate -i "file_name" | egrep -v "/(\.)+[^/]+$"


Upgrading 10.04 to 12.04 is strange idea - why don't you want to have 14.04? Anyway, upgrading such old Ubuntu release will almost certainly lead to troubles. Just make a backup of your files and use whole disk to install current version of Ubuntu - 14.04.


I think the only thing you forgot was to give the program root permission so It can install, to give program the permission you use the command sudo, then you will be prompt for your login password.

The commands should look like this

sudo chmod +x filename.sh

or

sudo ./filename.sh


After installing a SSL, got Assessment failed: Unable to connect to the server

from the failed message, it clearly shows that your server is refusing the inbound HTTPS connection. For me, it worked after I added an HTTPS inbound security rule for my remote Ubuntu server (deployed on AWS), to allow traffic from default HTTPS port 443.


Ubuntu 13.10 without sound in flashvideos at Firefox/Chromiun

Giaco's answer didn't work for me.
I did all the following and after I rebooted it worked again, so not sure which one did the trick:

rm -r ~/.config/pulse; pulseaudio -k
sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf => add this line at bottom: options snd-hda-intel model=auto
sudo pam-auth-update --force => tab to ok button and enter

Ref: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2166214


Connecting to SSH server which is behind VPN

Yes, you can connect to your Ubuntu PC from outside of your home network even though your Ubuntu PC is connected to an OpenVPN connection - only if you're behind a NAT router (which I'm going to assume you are, because hardly anyone connects directly to the Interwebs these days).

When you bring up your OpenVPN connection, a virtual "network interface" is created (probably called tun0). This interface will have its own IP address (probably something like 10.x.x.x), and the OpenVPN client is smart enough to set up "routing rules" (i.e. what traffic gets sent over what interface) so that local traffic is not sent over the VPN tunnel.

  How can I do it?

Log in to your home router.
Set up a port forwarding rule to direct traffic on port x to port 22 on your Ubuntu PC.

That's it in a nutshell. Most home routers have a "port forwarding" feature. For the "external" port on your router, I would recommend using something other than the default (TCP port 22). For example, you could set up a port forwarding rule like: "forward incoming traffic on external TCP port 9922 to internal TCP port 22". Once you open TCP port 22 on the Internet, lots of folks will come a knockin' :). Just changing the port isn't "hardening" per se - you should also configure your SSH server to use key authentication and disable passwords altogether.

I cannot provide you with further details, because all home routers (and their interfaces) are different. You'll have to look in to how to set up port forwarding on your particular router. Here are some screenshots of port forwarding interfaces for different routers. Regardless of the interface, the concept is the same: You enter an external port (or, in some cases, "port range"), and the destination IP address and port. From the router's perspective, it can be thought of in plain English like this: "...when I receive external traffic on TCP port 9922, forward to TCP port 22 to local machine 192.168.0.2..." (this is assuming you've set up TCP port 9922 to be forwarded to your Ubuntu box which has IP address 192.168.0.2 and SSH Server listening on TCP port 22).

If you're exposing your SSH Server to the outside world, you should harden it as much as possible. As mentioned above, one quick win is to disable password authentication altogether and to enable public-key authentication.

  Does that opens my VPN connection so it is not safe anymore?

Not sure how to answer this. Firstly, you should just assume you're "safe" just because you're connected to a VPN. I've seen some VPN providers leave all their user's open ports (services) exposed to everyone on the same VPN subnet. For example, VPN-User-A can access VPN-User-B's samba shares that are not password protected. The onus is on you to make sure your computers/devices are security hardened (to the best of your ability).

  ...SSH from outside my network using my routers IP address and maybe
  being able to access ftp on it as well

If you install and open up FTP to the outside world, then you're definitely not going to be "safe". It's best to keep your "open ports footprint" as small as possible. You can do just about anything over SSH. For example, SSH has a "sub-system" called "SFTP". To see this in action, you can open up your file manager and type in to the address bar:

sftp://123.123.123.123:9922

(assuming your SSH Server is listening on IP address 123.123.123.123, port 9922). The problem, of course, is that not all operating systems/devices have a decent SSH client installed.


How to transfer files from windows to Ubuntu instaled on VMware?

There are 2 ways 2 transfer file from windows to Linux (backtrack)

1 . install ssh on backtrack and on windows Install filezilla
 then u can transfer file from windows to backtrack

2 . install vmware guest tools & poweroff backtrack & share folder in Vmware
as shown in pic

add folder from your windows & that will be Shared

now in start backtrack & login

in terminal

mount -t vmhgfs .host:/ /mnt/hgfs/

the shared folder will be in /mnt/hgfs/

Through ssh on backtrack (if not installed )

 sudo apt-get install openssh-server

then edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config

set "PermitRootLogin" to "yes".

save & exit

/etc/init.d/ssh restart

then ifconfig > check the ip address

then from windows open filezilla

in host type the ip address of backtrack user name root password "toor" (if not changed)

& then u can transfer file from windows to backtrack


The command gxsudo thunar that you tried to run in Ubuntu MATE 16.04 is incorrect. The correct command in Ubuntu MATE 16.04 is:

gksu thunar

The gksu package, which provides GTK+ front-ends for su (gksu) and sudo (gksudo), was removed from the Ubuntu 18.04 repositories for security reasons, so it won't be available starting with this Ubuntu release.

It is recommended in Ubuntu 18.04 and later to open thunar as root only when it is needed, otherwise use cd in the terminal to change directories.

sudo -H thunar &>/dev/null

Nautilus Admin (nautilus-admin) is a simple Python extension for the Nautilus file manager that adds some administrative actions to the right-click menu:

Open as Administrator: opens a folder in a new Nautilus window running with administrator (root) privileges.
Edit as Administrator: opens a file in a Gedit window running with administrator (root) privileges.

To install Nautilus Admin in all  currently supported versions of Ubuntu open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install nautilus-admin

While there are commands to run graphical applications as root, you are strongly advised to use nano text editor, which normally is run from the terminal, for editing files as root. Nano text editor is included in the default Ubuntu installation.

Nano is very easy to use. The instructions for using nano editor are always found at the bottom of every page. The only two nano keyboard shortcuts that you need to know are for WriteOut and Exit. Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+O and after that press Enter to save the file being edited. Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+X to exit nano.

If you get into the habit of editing files as root the right way, you will reduce the possibility of making mistakes that may be very time consuming to correct.


There's a setting for this in Nautilus (3.4 here, can't confirm if it still works on more recent revisions):

Edit → Preferences → Preview → Set Show text in icons to Never


Popup to choose password for new keyring

While the prompt for the new keyring and password is still sitting in the terminal, check what processes are connecting to the terminals on the system:

user@pc:~$ ps axo stat,tty,pid,pcpu,comm
STAT TT         PID %CPU COMMAND
Ss   ?            1  0.0 init
S    ?            2  0.0 kthreadd
S    ?            3  0.0 ksoftirqd/0
Ss+  tty1      1297  0.0 getty
Ss   ?         1638  0.0 screen
Ss+  pts/2     1639  0.0 bash
Ss   pts/3     1640  0.0 bash
S    ?         3559  0.0 check-new-relea
Ss   pts/1     4952  0.0 bash

Where "man ps" will explain the various possible outputs (the example above uses BSD format)... and the huge selection of possible filters.

stat        STAT      multi-character process state.  See section PROCESS STATE CODES for the different values meaning.
tty         TT        controlling tty (terminal).  (alias tname, tt).
pid         PID       a number representing the process ID (alias tgid).
pcpu        %CPU      see %cpu.  (alias %cpu).
comm        COMMAND   command name (only the executable name).

Look for processes that are running in a terminal like tty or pts, and look for things like gnupg, agent, and others linked to the desktop that you have running (like kde wallet manager):

user@pc:~> ps axo stat,tty,pid,pcpu,comm | grep agent
Ss   ?         2991  0.0 ssh-agent
Ss   ?         2992  0.0 gpg-agent

The prompt may well be from a wallet manager that is trying to store the password for your WiFi connection, for example, but is not able to locate an existing default wallet.

If you don't know what the terminal ID is, then kill the suspect process, and it should disappear, confirming that you got the culprit. Obviously, killing processes could make your system unstable, so reboot after you ID the process, if you guessed incorrectly. A brute-force approach.

Note that each time you login, subsequently, you will be prompted for the wallet password, so that the system can then access the stored passwords.

In the Gnome desktop system, taken from GNOME/Keyring, you need to have a default wallet or else passwords are not remembered:

  If you get a password prompt every time you login, and you find that
  passwords are not saved, you might need to create/set a default
  keyring.

  Ensure that the seahorse package is installed, open it ("Passwords and
  Keys" in system settings) and select View > By Keyring. If there is no
  keyring in the left column (it will be marked with a lock icon), go to
  File > New > Password Keyring and give it a name. You will be asked to
  enter a password. If you do not give the keyring a password it will be
  unlocked automatically, even when using autologin, but passwords will
  not be stored securely. Finally, right-click on the keyring you just
  created and select "Set as default".


Can't login without mounting encrypted $Home from TTY

I recently encountered this problem when upgrading from Lubuntu 12.04 to 13.04, although I (perhaps foolishly) had actually created a new user account with the same name but a different password. I had to login to TTY1 with my new password and run ecryptfs-mount-private using the old passphrase before I could get in.

Not sure if this would help in your case, but was able to fix the issue by rewrapping the passphrase (source):

ecryptfs-rewrap-passphrase /home/.ecryptfs/$USER/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase

After doing this, I have no problems with my signature missing from the keyring; I can simply log in via the GUI without any hassles.

Hope that helps!


Apache gives `It works` page instead of home page of site

You will have to disable the example site and enable your moodle site. You can do this by using the a2ensite and a2dissite commands.
To enable or disable a site hosted with Apache, you can use the 'a2ensite' and 'a2dissite' commands, respectively. Both commands use essentially the same syntax:

a2ensite [site]
a2dissite [site]

Where [site] is the name of your site's Virtual Host configuration file, located in /etc/apache2/sites-available/, minus the '.conf' extension. For example, if your site's Virtual Host configuration file is called moodle.com.conf and the "It Works!" configuration file is called example.com.conf, then the commands would look like:

a2ensite moodle.com
a2dissite example.com

After that, you can restart Apache by typing sudo systemctl restart apache2 and it should work now.

(Derived from How do I enable/disable a website hosted with Apache? | Linode Questions)


I can't mount a USB device in a Virtual windows machine, despite trying the usual solutions

I had this issue several times with USB Devices and it was always a problem with the USB 2.0 Support in VirtualBox. Go to Settings -> USB and try the different compatibility options available there.

Hope it helps

Regards


I tried a lot of different answers but then did a simple restart and that actually solved the problem


Drive re-partitioning how do i add the unallocated space to dev sda2?

Easy.  You will need to slide sda6 over into the unallocated space(which puts the free space between sda2 and sda6), then increase the size of sda2.   It is simple to do GParted:  right-click sda6 and choose Resize/Mov.  Increase the "space preceding" value and decrease the "space following" value.  It's easier just to slide the right side black arrow and the left side black arrow to the right.  This moves sda6 to the right.  Then do the same for sda2, but instead of moving the whole partition, you will just move the right-side black arrow to increase its size.

One gotcha, you can only move/resize unmounted partitions and sda2 will be mounted since you will be running GParted from Ubuntu.  So take the disc from which you installed Ubuntu and boot to "Live CD" mode.  It has GParted already installed and you can then move any and all partitions of your hdd.

Enjoy!


How to set where secondary windows open?

Possibly you are describing a (weird) feature of the windowing system.
Try issuing the following in a terminal window:
gsettings set org.gnome.mutter attach-modal-dialogs false

This should take care of (at least) the part where the parent windows move when dragging the dialogs.
If you want a graphical interface to control this, install either:

gnome-tweaks

It has a "Windows" sidebar item, and on the corresponding panel a toggle called "Attach Modal Dialogs".

dconf-editor

You can navigate to the org.gnome.mutter schema and click the toggle for attach-modal-dialogs.

All these things do the same thing, toggling this feature of the windowing system on/off.


Is it possible to install Linux as a standalone OS with a UEFI system that came preinstalled with Windows 8?

Fedora and Windows install a file called \EFI\BOOT\BOOTx64.EFI (x64 is the architecture and can be something like ARM too) in the EFI System Partition (ESP) which allows to boot an application or operating system when the NVRAM entries (storage on the mainboard) to boot a certain OS are not available or missing. Ubuntu currently doesn't provide such a file, which results in a non-bootable installation in these cases.

You can follow these instructions which install and configure Gummiboot for such scenarios. You can even configure this for secure boot. I already filed a bug, but it doesn't seem to get taken seriously.


Can I update a Single Package with out a Full Distro Upgrade?

You could get the package from the repository yourself and install it, but you need to be careful.

sudo dpkg -i <package.deb>
sudo apt-get -f install

What I would be concerned about is there may be reasons why the package maintainer didn't backport it.


Follow these steps:

Log in as root/
Go to your directory where ISP config is installed using the cd command.
Run the uninstall script:

php -q uninstall.php

Done. ISPConfig will be uninstalled completely.


Hello Linuxers I see many problems with the Elantech Touchpad sites in the world. A clear solution was included in the kernel ubuntu 3.18. I installed ubuntu 14.10 (formerly the beta and now the clean final version) with an ultrabook ETPS / 2 Elantech Touchpad hardware that works in W8 but precariously as PS2 mouse in ubuntu. I downloaded the new kernel ubuntu 3.18, installed and after reboot everything is working. But, open System Settings> Mouse & Touchpad> Touchpad and see the visible section to enable a> Natural Scrolling


Ubuntu Server 18.10 Splash Screen Customization

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line will only be used if GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX is not present. So you should set it like this:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="quiet splash"


sudo has no -f option.  If it had the manpage would have it listed and it would also not need "enabling".
sudo -f
sudo: invalid option -- 'f'
usage: sudo -h | -K | -k | -V
usage: sudo -v [-AknS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-u user]
usage: sudo -l [-AknS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-U user] [-u user]
            [command]
usage: sudo [-AbEHknPS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [-p
            prompt] [-u user] [VAR=value] [-i|-s] [<command>]
usage: sudo -e [-AknS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [-p
            prompt] [-u user] file ...

Regarding comment and the link:

I quickly checked the sources, and it turns out that this feature needs to be enabled during compliation with the --enable-force flag.
As far as I can tell, Arch and Debian don’t have this feature enabled, and neither does Gentoo, which not even provides a use-flag for it. It is, however, turned on by default on Ubuntu (after all, they make heavy use of sudo), RHEL, Fedora Core (since version 12), and openSUSE

I can not find any reference to the claim Ubuntu supports this. Nor any other system using "sudo". If Debian does not support it I seriously doubt Ubuntu does. Our system tends to stick to Debian and if we ever deviate from Debian in the long run we always tend to stray back to how Debian does it.
Oh and the man page your link claims has "-f" listed does not list "-f". It it existed in 2011 it does no longer.
The link also claims you can get it working by recompiling "sudo". But still I would assume that the "sudo" website would list it as a compile option and I have not seen it.


Server 16.04 Guest Acct can not access samba share pointing to second HD

I overlooked the permissions on /data

Issue resolved.


How to enable Gallium driver and remove radeon xorg driver, vesa,etc

To enable Gallium add Option "ForceGallium" "true" in /etc/X11/xorg.conf

You can remove what you want from synaptic if you have else you can use the commands:

For Vesa: sudo apt-get remove xserver-xorg-video-glint

For other ATI drivers: sudo apt-get remove xorg-driver-fglrx"


It's not currently possible to write background services. You need to use the provided Ubuntu services.

This is often raised as a blocker to writing apps, e.g. https://lists.launchpad.net/ubuntu-phone/msg15883.html


Screenie ?

https://code.google.com/p/screenie/

  Screenie a small tool to allow you to compose a fancy and stylish
  screenshots. It is cross-platform (for Linux, Windows and Mac OS X)
  and very easy to use. You will have an impressive screenshot in just
  one minute!

http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=screenie&searchon=names&suite=all&section=all


some files and folders are missing in unity desktop

Try Ubuntu Tweak.

      sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
      sudo apt-get update
      sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

Go to Tweak>Desktop>Desktop Icons. Make sure you are using the latest version.

Hope this helps. :)


With the command sudo visudo you can see and edit, the sudo configuration, for example :

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# Group without password
%nopwd  ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL

Your current user is probably member of a privileged group that enables him to enter sudo commands without password. In this example members of admin and sudo group can issue any command with sudo, but are prompted with a password ; members of the nopwd group are not prompted with a password.

Note that the declaration order is relevant for users belonging to multiple groups. Unintuitively, the LAST matching group wins !

In order to require a password, you can add the PASSWD: /usr/bin/apt-get command specification in file /etc/sudoers ; note that you probably want to allow specific commands with no password, and keep every other command with a password. An example explicitely requesting a password for apt-get:

%users  ALL=NOPASSWD: /sbin/reboot, PASSWD: /usr/bin/apt-get

Note that you can personnalize sudo with a much finer granularity than allow all commands like in my first example (doc ubuntu fr)(doc ubuntu en).


The problem was finally solved fully reinstalling ubuntu 18.04 by usb key.
The problem of frozen shut down reappeared but was solved with a complete update of drivers executing sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall (in particular of nvdia geforce). The first time something was wrong in this drivers updating, the problem remained and others appeared.
BE CAREFUL to update the drivers and follow the secure updating instructions! Such as the installation reboot password, if requested.
It's curious that none of these prioblems appeared in installation 17.10 neither in 16.04 in past...


How do I make the folderview plasmoid for plasma desktop use nautilus?

"I can't seem to find a way to get the plasmoid to point to nautilus."

How did you ?

With the Kubuntu/KDE the plasma widget folderview (Folder Views) /1/ is using the system's default application. System Settings > Default Applications and System Settings > File Associations.

http://userbase.kde.org/Plasma#Folder_Views


Disable IPv6 systemwide

Open sysctl.conf

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

Append following lines to the end of the file

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1

net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1

net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

Save and exit. (ctrl+o then ctrl+x)
Reboot


Opening 2 or more files on an Ubuntu file share from Windows causes file handle to be closed

Ok - the problem has now gone away after I applied newly available updates.

Here is a list of what was installed today - presumably it's one of the samda updates that fixed the problem.


Reinstall applications on a new system in an easy way?

Use a config manager. There are plenty of them around. The two that would be easier for you to use are saltstack, or Ansible. The latter is easiest. You can setup a playbook to install and configure all your installed software. See here for a how to.


wacom tablet intuos DRAW ( CTL-490 ) FAR not work perfectly

( Tested on Linux mint 17.3 KDE )

Before build your castle, you will need some dependencies fixed.

++++++++++++++

type this into the Konsole / Terminal :

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential

++++++++++++++

Download the wacom input 32th version ( TAR.BZ archive ) with any kind of browser.

( https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxwacom/files/xf86-input-wacom/input-wacom/input-wacom-0.32.0.tar.bz2/download )

++++++++++++++

unpack your fresh download with TAR command (go to the location, where you want to INSTALL):

tar xjvf input-wacom-0.32.0.tar.bz2

cd input-wacom-0.32.0

++++++++++++++

and now the last step, the Build and Install

go in the fresh directory ( you remember, the folder's name is "input-wacom-0.32.0" )
and type the following lines ( and BE PATIENCE ) :

./configure

make

sudo make install

+++++++++++

and thats it. REBOOT the system, and after the system boots up, go, and CHECK the WACOM controll panel to be ensure the method is working !
remember, you will suffer a lot, if you enables any kind of 1 line eyefinity, or another single line multi monitor setting !


I don't get Linux kernel 5.x.x upgrades. I just get kernel 4.x.x upgrades

When you manually install the latest mainline/stable kernel you also have to manually install the updates which generally occur about once a week.

See: How to update kernel to the latest mainline version without any Distro-upgrade?


How do I write a script to rename and move a video file?

A script is obvious

move_file.sh

#!/bin/sh
mv /TV/Show/$1 /TV/Watched/Show/$1

Run the script this way:

sh move_file.sh file


Run script as root immediately after login to gui

First, you need to make sure that you can run that command with sudo without needing a password. So, you can do that in the sudoers file:

sudo visudo

In this file, you should see a line that looks like:

YOURUSERNAME ALL = (ALL) ALL

If not, that's okay, don't worry about it too much. You're in the sudoers group at the group rule is in there too. In order to execute hdparm without a password, you just need to add a rule for it:

YOURUSERNAME ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/hdparm

If that rule is at the very end, you can execute that program without a password. Yay!

Then, just add a custom startup application in the "Startup Applications" menu:

sudo hdparm -y /dev/sda

Because you don't need a password for it, it will execute just fine each time you log-in.

If you would like to run this script automatically when you resume from a suspend/sleep, you need to create a another script for it:

sudo YOURTEXTEDITOR HERE /lib/systemd/system-sleep/hdparm-resume.sh

And use the following contents:

#!/bin/sh
case $1/$2 in
  pre/*)
    exit 0
    ;;
  post/*)
    sudo hdparm -y /dev/sda
    exit 0
    ;;
esac

Finally, to make sure it can be executed:

sudo chmod a+x /lib/systemd/system-sleep/hdparm-resume.sh


Broadcom wireless network driver won't install offline

OP's answer.

In fact, it works now. For some reason, I though I was working with Ubuntu 14.04.2 but it actually is Ubuntu 14.04. So the adaptation of the answer by Pilot6 does apply to me. I tried it and it now works! (Sincere apologies for not knowing my Ubuntu version and thanks for the attempt to help out)


How can I execute Samba in Ubuntu 14.04?

Samba itself runs once installed.

The GUI for samba configuration is called system-config-samba.  Depending on what desktop you use, it may show up under Preferences as Samba, or you may have to type the program name in as a command. In some cases you may need to install it.

In most installations I have tried, there is a bug in the way this GUI is installed, that keeps it from running.  Fortunately, the fix is very easy.  So if you try to start it and nothing happens, just enter this command in a terminal.

sudo touch /etc/libuser.conf

then try starting it again.


Is there a way to reconfigure function keys on Ubuntu 19.04?

open terminal and run xmodmap -pke | grep MonBrightness

example:

pratap@i7:~$ xmodmap -pke | grep MonBrightness
keycode 232 = XF86MonBrightnessDown NoSymbol XF86MonBrightnessDown NoSymbol XF86MonBrightnessDown
keycode 233 = XF86MonBrightnessUp NoSymbol XF86MonBrightnessUp NoSymbol XF86MonBrightnessUp
pratap@i7:~$

Copy the lines after = for both BrighnessDown and up
Once the keycodes for fn+f3 and fn+f4 are known
xmodmap -e "keycode xxx = XF86MonBrightnessDown NoSymbol XF86MonBrightnessDown NoSymbol XF86MonBrightnessDown"
xmodmap -e "keycode yyy = XF86MonBrightnessUp NoSymbol XF86MonBrightnessUp NoSymbol XF86MonBrightnessUp"

once you logout above commands 4 and 5 will not persist..

to make them persist follow this thread https://askubuntu.com/a/1131511/739431


Is it possible to add a GRUB profile to auto-login a user and start a script (15.10)?

Work in progress

This can be accomplished by using:

a custom X session which starts a basic window manager and runs the script
a custom configuration for LightDM which will autologin your user and use the above session
a custom service for LightDM which will use the above configuration
appropriate kernel parameters to disable the normal LightDM service and start the custom one
GRUB configuration to automatically create entries with the above parameters, with password protection

For this example, I will show how to setup a kiosk mode using Google Chrome.

The script

#! /bin/sh
metacity &
while true
do
    google-chrome --start-maximized
    if zenity --question --text='Do you want to logout?' --title='Logout'
    then
        exit
    fi
done

Keep it at, say /usr/local/bin/chrome-kiosk.sh, make it executable. Note that I use metacity for a simple window manager that provides me with a workable setup without further configuration.

The X session

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Chrome
Comment=This session logs runs a Google Chrome kiosk
Exec=/usr/local/bin/chrome-kiosk.sh
Icon=google-chrome
Type=Application
X-LightDM-DesktopName=Chrome

Save it at /usr/share/xsessions/chrome.desktop. If you use a different script, change at least the Exec line accordingly.

The LightDM configuration

[Seat:*]
autologin-guest=false
autologin-user=username
autologin-user-timeout=0
autologin-session=chrome

Save it as /etc/lightdm/autologin-lightdm.conf. Replace username with your desired user name.

The LightDM service

systemctl cat lightdm.service |
  sed '/ExecStart/s/$/ --config=/etc/lightdm/autologin-lightdm.conf' |
  sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/autologin-lightdm.service

This creates a custom copy of the default lightdm.service named autologin-lightdm.service at /etc/systemd/system, with the ExecStart line changed to:

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/lightdm --config /etc/lightdm/autologin-lightdm.conf

The kernel paramaters

To test this out, at the GRUB menu, press e to edit the Ubuntu entry. Find the linux line, and append:

systemd.mask=display-manager.service systemd.wants=autologin-lightdm.service

(You can omit the .service extensions.)

Press CtrlX. You should be logged into the user and have a maximized Google Chrome window.

GRUB configuration

TBD.


error while trying to run update and upgrade

Yes, it is safe to run sudo dpkg --configure -a.

From the dpkg man page:

--configure package... |-a|
If -a or --pending is given instead of package, all unpacked but unconfigured packages are configured.

Configuring consists of the following steps:

   1.  Unpack the conffiles, and at the same time back up the old
              conffiles, so that they can be restored if something goes wrong.

   2. Run postinst script, if provided by the package.


No dual boot needed. Xubuntu is just ubuntu with XFCE desktop. Install xubuntu-desktop package using sudo apt install xubuntu-desktop. And choose XFCE as your session on greeter.


How can I edit GTK+3 themes (preferably with a GUI)?

I copied a the theme from /usr/share/themes that is close to fit my needs to /home/user/.themes. After copying the folder I removed the settings for the window-managers that I don't use. Now I used that copy to edit the appearance of the theme.

I changed the gnome-shell.css file in the folder of the specific window-manager. (here gnome-shell folder of course)
So far I played around with the size of the icons and their spacing in the application overview. The file itself has a few comments which hint to functionality and to the purpose of the parameters. Just look there and play around... if you mess it up just replace it by the original theme. Hope that at least leads into the right direction.


Ubuntu doesn't recognise my wireless adapter

If this is driver problem you could try to install Broadcom 802.11g drivers by downloading them from Broadcom web site
in your windows OS and then copy them to Ubuntu and try to install them there.

See if that will resolve your issue.


Left mouse button not working in Xubuntu session

Check if you have xserver-xorg-input-evdev installed on your system:

sudo dpkg -s xserver-xorg-input-evdev

If yes, do:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

If no, do:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-evdev

Reboot.


where to report wrong hash sum in an ubuntu update failure?

The package cairo-dock is a meta package for cairo-dock-core and for cairo-dock-pulg-ins. You may be able to file an ubuntu bug against cairo-dock-core.

A valuable source for help and additional information is the well maintained upstream web-site for Glx-Dock. They even have an active forum to discuss features and bugs.


How to check if a service was started by upstart or sysvinit?

You may have two sets of scripts, but you only have one active init system. On Ubuntu 14.04, that's Upstart.

So no matter whether your script is under /etc/init.d or /etc/init, the answer for which init system runs your script under Ubuntu 14.04 is always Upstart.

You can watch what happens when you try run an /etc/init.d script by using strace to log the system calls to STDOUT:

 sudo strace /etc/init.d/bluetooth start

First you'll see that the init script first loads some header functions through /lib/lsb/init-functions

open("/lib/lsb/init-functions", O_RDONLY) = 3

Pretty soon you'll see the activity diverted to an Upstart related script:

open("/lib/lsb/init-functions.d/01-upstart-lsb", O_RDONLY) = 3

That's just a shell script, so you can open it and read the source to see what it does.

As you continue to full the output, I think you'll see that command is redirected to start the script using the Upstart script instead of the SysV init script.

What's interesting to see is that on 16.04, Upstart further redirects the control to systemd, and the related systemd service is started instead:

write(1, "Starting bluetooth (via systemct"..., 53Starting bluetooth (via systemctl): bluetooth.service) = 53

The bottom-line advice to use Upstart scripts and service management commands on Ubuntu 14.04 to avoid the complexity and potential confusion of the SysV init compatibility layer. Likewise, once you upgrade to 16.04, start using the native systemd unity files and systemctl command to avoid involve unnecessary compatibility layers.


Lenovo-yoga 13 touchpad not working in Ubuntu 18.04

I got it working by creating the following /etc/rc.local file entry.

#!/bin/bash
rmmod psmouse&&modprobe psmouse

Don't forget to update permissions.

chmod 755 /etc/rc.local

This solution also retains the OS configured mouse settings such as natural and two finger scrolling.


What is the package name for the Ubuntu installation wizard?

The name of the installation wizard is ubiquity.

Linked Question:

What is ubiquity?


What, if any, packages depend on Samba other than Windows file sharing

If you installed it you can uninstall it and its dependencies by apt-get remove --purge samba than if any of the dependecies is used also by another program, it won't get removed.

Samba anyway itself is not just for filesharing but might also be used for user and group administration. But if you didn't use that than there should not be any consequences on removing it again.

And I don't know exactly but I guess the nautilus share thing might only be some sort of samba front-end plug-in for the nautilus file browser. So if you don't use samba you can't share files => you dont need this neither


ufw port accessible locally but not remotely

It looks like your Nginx host isn't set up to listen on port 8000. What does your virtaul hosts file allow?

i.e what does your /etc/nginx/sites-available/mydomainname.com.config allow in it's config?

Here is an example config, what is the listen line say in your config?

server {
        listen   80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied
        #listen   [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6

        root /var/www/example.com/public_html;
        index index.html index.htm;

        # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
        server_name example.com;
}


Upgrade to 18.04 from 16.04 LTS not working

The most common error with release-upgrade is shown in a common error message

  This was likely caused by:

  Unofficial software packages not
  provided by Ubuntu Please use the tool 'ppa-purge' from the ppa-purge
  package to remove software from a Launchpad PPA and try the upgrade
  again.

You can check logs (/var/log/dist-upgrade/) for the cause; remove those packages and repeat until do-release-upgrade is happy to proceed.

A faster alternative, or a backup if you have problems, is install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS using the 'something-else' option over your existing installation. Ensure you select your existing partitions but ensure the 'format' box is unchecked.  This will cause

your existing (added) packages are noted
system directories are emptied
new Ubuntu is installed
your additional packages noted earlier are re-installed if available
on completion you are requested to allow reboot

User directories are not touched, however please note this assumes you did NOT have format ticked.

Of course - backup first, though you should have already done that :)

Also note this can be useful as it allows you change/skip releases


For my Epson XP 231 for Ubuntu 16.04, I had a similar problem. I've installed the open source driver and it was fixed!