I am a bit puzzled. Ubuntu does have a recycle bin (called either Trash or Rubbish Bin).

When you delete a file or folder from Nautilus, it goes to the Rubbish Bin. You can go to the bin and right-click and restore. Or, you can empty your Rubbish Bin if you wish to reclaim the space.

Windows is just the same. When you put something in the recycle bin, your hard disk space is not reduced, because it's still there on the disk. Your disk space is reduced only when you empty the bin.


here's a miror link

http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/edubuntu/releases/14.04/release/

download the iso image burn or boot from usb & install it easly & offline


WiFi slow sometimes, reboot helps, how do I debug it?

The problem is most likely with the driver. Others have experienced problems with the iwlwifi driver when its 802.11n mode is enabled.  To disable this mode, create a file named something like /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-disable11n.conf with contents

options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1

and then reboot.

Wireless drivers sometimes don't implement power management very well. You could try adding power_save=0 to that line to see if it helps.

options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1 power_save=0


Your XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/" should be XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures", so open that  cat ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs file in text editor, and correct the issue. After logging out and logging back in ( if simply logging in/out doesn't work , try reboot), new ~/Pictures folder should be created and show up in file manager.

As for the old one, it's a mystery where it may have disappeared and probably whatever files you had there are gone with it.


Would I benefit from switching to Lubuntu or Xubuntu?

You can always just install the Xubuntu/Lubuntu desktops from the command line without affecting your current situation.

Press Ctrl+Alt+T to go to a terminal. Then,

For Xubuntu:

sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

And for Lubuntu:

sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop

Now log out and log back in again. You'll be presented with choices to use for the present session.


You may have pressed Num Lock key by mistake.

Just press it one more time, and Bingo!


The easiest solution for you I believe is to add a soft link in /bin to the actual location of the binary.

ln -s /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/bin/sqlplus /bin/sqlplus

This will allow all users to call sqlplus from wherever.


If the network connection is set as a System Connection, as is the default, the connection is initiated by the system as soon as the signal is available.

Uncheck the System Connection flag on the connection.


Is there a "account" package for Ubuntu Phone to connect to WebDav and CalDav server

Someone may already create a script to process (I didn't test it yet)

Let's see Romain Fluttaz answer.

I don't know if it's "easy" to build a UI from that script.

To create an app, you could maybe start from here. Inside the Ubuntu-sdk, there are some examples too (I'm not familiar with, just tried to create a webapp one time and understand the sdk functions)


Turns out it was a HAL problem again as answered in the following question:
Is there a work around to get protected Hulu or Amazon Prime instant videos working?


You don't need a special HD. Your laptop needs to be able to boot from USB HD (if it's not 5 years old it probably can). Make sure you install grub on your external HD during installation.

You can make one partition for Ubuntu with ext4 on your external HD and one NTFS for data, where you can put your movies and documents - this NTFS partition will be seen from Windows as well.

You should be able to boot from other PCs as well but you should avoid making special settings (hardware dependent).

Your changes will be saved normally.

I have just tried this on my laptop and it worked perfectly. When I want to boot Ubuntu I chose the external usb hard disk as boot disk. If I don't do anything it just boots into Windows as usual.


After system crash all characters are substituted by rectangles

You can try downloading gnome-tweak-tool and changing system's default font OR re-install the system's default font.

Re-installing Default fonts:

sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts

Changing default fonts:

Install gnome-tweak-tool:

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

You should be able to change the system wide fonts from the Fonts tab.


Install gcc and python in your machine and try again

sudo apt-get install -y gcc python2.7


You certainly should not mix Debian and Ubuntu repositories. Some of the packages in either one of them will have different depends.

The fact that Ubuntu derives from Debian does not mean you can mix the repositories. This usually fails.


Why did I have to edit /etc/lsb-release to get apt-get to work?

This will have changed which repositories apt-get was fetching software from. Previously it will have been trying to fetch software from the Development branch of quantals repositories. I would try editing the file to look like this:

DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=quantal
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu quantal"

After editing the file run sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get upgrade, and see if apt-get isntalling works.


Does touchpad indicator work in Ubuntu 15.04?

This has been solved in Ubuntu 16.04. The configuration file was not being created so you need to created yourself. To make it work in 15.04, run:

mkdir ~/.config/touchpad-indicator
touch ~/.config/touchpad-indicator/touchpad-indicator.conf
echo '{}' > ~/.config/touchpad-indicator/touchpad-indicator.conf

You can find that bug here. It does not show as solved, because the person behind that program does not seem to use Launchpad very much. It seems he prefers his own website.


How can I install packages I have already downloaded using terminal?

At the command line, you can install .deb files with:

sudo dpkg -i <file>


Failed to start Samba SMB Daemon. Failed with result 'exit-code'

Same problem in fedora 29, docker container.
At least in the docker container the issue is the logging is now down with the service bus, which doesn't work...
The solution was to change my configuration to start with -i flag.  e.g.
/sbin/smbd -i -F

and
/sbin/nmbd -i -F

Then the log goes to the console, which works normally.
Chances are the Ubuntu issue is also a failing to log problem.


So I tried to upgrade from 10.04 to 12.04, and now I'm at the command line in recovery mode. What can I do?


NVIDIA GeForce GT525M problem with ubuntu 11.10

Is your card dual? If so you have more trouble than you think since ubuntu does not by default support dual vga cards (nvidia optimus) at this point.

I have the gt540m and had to do quite some searching on that.

I did my searching in december, and by the time, the only option available was to download a module and run some commands, so that you kill your high end card and only work on your low end, onboard card.

You can find details on that here: http://hybrid-graphics-linux.tuxfamily.org/index.php?title=Acpi_call

I searched a bit now to look for your answer, and looks like there have been a few developments in the topic in the past couple of months. A team was working on a project called bumblebee, designed to help ubuntu support optimus cards, and they seem to have released it. I found this tutorial on how to use it, but this is something I have not yet used myself/have no idea if it will mess my system up or not.

Long story short, your options are A: kill your card, work with onboard one, or B: try making your system compatible.

Hope this helps. Good luck.


Stuck in the shell prompt in ubuntu server 14.04

The Server edition of Ubuntu does not come with a GUI by default. You can either use the Desktop edition, or you can install a desktop package manually. Just log in with your user name at the prompt you see and then run

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

That will bring all the files and packages necessary to run a GUI on the server. Before you do this, I suggest you read this Wiki page: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ServerGUI to decide whether it's worth it for you.


wireless authentication window pops up even after disabling it in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

It appears that the pop-up is caused by the nm-applet program so the solution which worked for me is renaming the nm-applet from /usr/bin/nm-applet to /usr/bin/NM-APPLET.


Removing KDE-BootLogo during boot in Ubuntu 19.10

You have to remove Plymouth theme for Kubuntu:

sudo apt-get purge plymouth-theme-kubuntu-logo plymouth-theme-kubuntu-text

and then reboot.


Prevent du command report inflated info about /snap directories

Unlike df, as far as I know du does not provide a --exclude-type to skip particular filesystem types. However you could exclude specific top level directories by glob pattern:

du -smc --exclude=/snap /* 2>/dev/null

or (to exclude ephemeral filesystems as well) and assuming your shell supports brace expansion:

du -smc --exclude=/{proc,run,sys,snap} /* 2>/dev/null


build with g++ fails: what does error: declaration of ‘.... throw ....’ has a different exception specifier ... mean

There are double declarations for a thow of SickToolbox::SickLMSBufferMonitor::~SickLMSBufferMonitor()
one in

/home/ark3420/SICK/sicktoolbox-1.0.1/matlab/../c++/drivers/lms/sicklms-1.0/SickLMS.hh - line 24

and another one in

/home/ark3420/SICK/sicktoolbox-1.0.1/matlab/../c++/drivers/lms/sicklms-1.0/SickLMSBufferMonitor.hh - line 44

open an editor to both files and check for the one that makes more sense.
You can try to uncomment one declaration and see if this works.
Or contact the author of the source.


Command line utility displaying support information for packages and release?

ubuntu-support-status --show-all

I thought I might get a fast answer from someone, but I managed to revisit the machine I used it on and got it from bash history.


AMD-V is not enabled in VirtualBox on AMD APU

First enable AMD-V in the BIOS. It depends on your BIOS, but it will look something like this (probably):

In VirtualBox click -> Settings -> System -> Acceleration and enable the checkboxes as shown below.


Help installing kubuntu-desktop on Ubuntu 16.04

I'm using the command sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop* kdm*
  You should provide specific packages. If it wouldn't help, try following:

sudo  apt-get autoremove -y
sudo apt-get remove --purge kde-telepathy-minimal
sudo apt-get remove --purge kde-telepathy

And run install again. If you will face it again, do following
"Unmet dependencies" When trying to install KDE Plasma 5.3 on Ubuntu 15.04
:

sudo dpkg -P unity-scope-gdrive
sudo dpkg -P account-plugin-google
sudo dpkg -P account-plugin-facebook
sudo apt-get install -f

PS:
Meanwhile, since the conflicting file is only and icon, it's pretty safe to override the package manager's decision with --force-overwrite:

dpkg -i --force-overwrite kde-config-telepathy-accounts_15.04.0-0ubuntu1~ubuntu15.04~ppa1_amd64.deb


LVM utils might help - but still can cause data loss.
Anyway - read about lvreduce for a good start.
You'd better make backup first and then repartition disks.


all wifi passwords gone after transferring system

Okay, I know what happened after looking at the connection list and findng a duplicate for every connection I reconnected to.

The connections all have a "Restrict to device" field set to my old MAC address. That means the connection will not be performed using the new wifi card. Changing this field to the new MAC should fix the problem.


Upgrading current version of Ubuntu, on a multi boot system.

You can do a clean install, but you can also try the following command in a Terminal:

sudo apt-get upgrade


Ubuntu GNOME 14.04 Disable Touchpad While Typing Not Working

I know exactly what the problem is (at least in my case which seems identic). It's because you're missing librecord.so . The GNOME setting require this file because it use syndaemon with -R option. As far as I know, that file has been dropped and no longer shipped with xorg-server.
There are many hard way you can actually achive disable typing function. Here from the easiest :
Using syndaemon Directly
Just launch
    $ syndaemon -d

or with option you may like. See syndaemon -h.
Just remember, without -R switch.
Patch the GNOME settings daemon

Download the source available at

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-settings-daemon
https://git.gnome.org/browse/gnome-settings-daemon/ (for Pure GNOME)

Apply the following patch : http://pastebin.com/1xHukxR0
Compile or build the package.
Install and Done!

NB : Sorry, I don't provide the exact step as I'm not Ubuntu user again.
Recompile xorg-server with XRECORD
Shortly, compile with --enable-record and possibly --disable-xtrap. Found here.


Error processing archive while installing Mate on Ubuntu 14.04

After asking at the IRC channel of ubuntu-eg, I received an answer that worked for me:

dpkg -P gnome-applets
apt-get -f install


add entries to Startup Applications using a post-install script

You don't need to do anything with post-install scripts for this. You simply need to provide the correct .desktop file for your app, following the Freedesktop Autostart Spec. This will enable autostart of the app.


This is likely related to the NVIDIA graphics card. There are lots of posts discussing this problem with lots of different proposed solutions, but what worked for me was updating the drivers. I originally tried updating the drivers by downloading them from the NVIDIA website, but the solution was this line of code to update the drivers. You should check the NVIDIA website just to get the driver number (might vary per device). Also, prior to this fix, the HDMI was not found on my computer, but I could use the USB-C and an adapter to connect to another monitor.

sudo apt install nvidia-driver-435

Ubuntu 18.04.3 cant find second monitor - Dell G3 - NVIDIA 1060 TI

Here's a list of other fixes people have proposed.

External monitor not detected on Ubuntu 18.04


Install and configure fail2ban, install and configure ninja, turn off ntp server component, install and configure a firewall, increase password complexity, put high level services into their own container, and try to find some kind of DDos warning software.

Edit: Also, see this guide. It is for Debian Wheezy, but should work well for Ubuntu as well.


I don't think you can prevent the hard drive from spinning up on boot. It is likely just your motherboard's POST or the BIOS probing the drive. Both actions are required for the hard drive to be accessible once you boot your Operating System.

The commands you posted in your question should indeed set the drive to standby after you login or during the Ubuntu boot process depending on which one you use.


What are the difference between maxlife and maxrenewlife in kerberos?

from the kadmin man pages

-maxlife maxlife
(getdate time string) The maximum ticket life for the principal.
-maxrenewlife maxrenewlife
(getdate time string) The maximum renewable life of tickets for the principal.

you can use these options while doing the add_priciple


How to get part of the filename using (basename "${video%.*}") in bash script?

You can use:
"${video%s.*}"

This will delete everything from (and including) the last s. until the end of the string.


Ubuntu crashes at boot after installing new RAM sticks

For 18.04 or newer... lets fix your file system...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

Go to https://www.memtest86.com/ and download/run their free memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass of all the 4/4 tests to confirm good memory. This may take many hours to complete.


Is there such a thing as a Ubuntu Certified Engineer?

It is actually called Ubuntu Certified Professional .
The initial Ubuntu Certification was Announced in 2006 jointly with  Linux Professional Institute (LPI) for Ubuntu certification exam  ,but later as Officially announced here in 2010

"We are really excited to support the Ubuntu 10.04 LTS release with a
fresh course and certification programme," said Billy Cina, Director
of Training at Canonical. "Having delivered hundreds of courses over
the last four years, we listened to the requests from training
partners and students for more Ubuntu-specific content. We have
responded and are confident that the change will benefit students
globally. This will also enable us to move from a multiple-choice- to
a 'Live labs'-type exam which is entirely web-based, testing students'
ability and Ubuntu skills far more effectively."...
...The Ubuntu Certified Professional course is designed for system administrators
required to deploy Ubuntu into an office environment, a trend that is
expected to accelerate with the release of Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. Students
are not required to have any previous Linux experience but IT/system
administration experience is a must. The course lasts for five days in
a classroom or self-paced via e-learning. The exams will last 60-90
minutes and be delivered at Ubuntu Training Partner facilities or
anywhere with a secure broadband connection ...

But the links are dead on this page
and also noted by h-online here says

Canonical has announced that it will offer its own certification
programme for Ubuntu 10.04 LTS and that graduates will be entitled to
claim an 'Ubuntu Certified Professional' certification....
The joint programme with the LPI had been very successful, but there
was great demand for a pure Ubuntu certification. Now that the new
Long Term Support version is nearing completion and release, Canonical
has decided to start its own certification programme and offers an
online pre-training assessment to determine if the programme is
suitable for the prospective candidate.

The test can be taken here provided you have an Launchpad account
Pre-training assessment: Ubuntu Professional
According to this ,a bug was filed for missing Certification page , but the Training Exam page missing bug page doesn't exist any more .
The syllabus or contents covered in the course can be briefly seen here

Current Scenario - No formal announcement regarding the present Course Activity Standing has been made yet , so contacting the respective
Training Team at #ubuntu-training on irc.freenode.net at the Training wiki Home page or through
Ubuntu-training-community mailing list for Official answer would be a feasible and appropriate  Idea.

EDIT: Further at Ubuntu Advantage Knowledge they mention about training

Skills training
Ubuntu Advantage offers training for systems administrators and end
users training so you can get the most out of your Ubuntu desktops and
servers. It also provides online training courses so you can boost
in-house skills quickly and easily.
All training courses included with Ubuntu Advantage are structured in
modules, allowing you to take different modules when it suits you, and
revisit the course to complete any remaining modules when you have
more time.

And at Ubuntu Advantage

Knowledge: access to exclusive technical articles from Canonical's
Knowledge Base and formal training

while browsing through Server Support they mention Training at the Bottom as

Training link takes you to support page .
Bottom-line they seem to offer Training courses currently through Ubuntu Advantage only as Paid Enterprise service.
P.S. : I may be wrong about the new info , if so then please feel free to edit it.


When I try to run a run.sh file, it says another .sh file is not found. How do I solve this?

Looking at the script, there seems to be much more to it. It appears to be a folder that is to be placed somewhere where these scripts exist. Have you installed or downloaded something that these scripts are meant to work with?

When the script runs, it tries to go up two directories and look for a folder called bin, where the scripts are to be located.

First you need to see if you have this file somewhere on your system. You can use locate from the command line:

sudo apt install locate
sudo updatedb
locate loadHITs.sh

If you can locate this file on your system, or post what you find and I can tell you where to place the folder so that it will work. Otherwise you will need to find the necessary scripts to work in conjunction with this set of scripts.


Why do we have to unmount a USB and format it to FAT or NTFS partition before making a liveUSB?

You have multiple questions, let me answer them separately.

Let me make a distinction between a device (located in /dev) and a mounted filesystem. Think of the device as an interface to the hardware, and the filesystem as the method to write and keep track of the data on the device. In order to write data directly to the device, it must not be in use, and by extension, mounted. A device and a mounted filesystem are different, and cannot be treated the same.

The reason why you must use FAT32 is because it is a universally recognized filysystem,  bootable, and the standard catch-all that motherboard manufacturers use to start the boot process.

When you are trying to dd an image to a filesystem, you are trying to write raw data to a mounted filesystem without actually writing using the filesystem, which overwrites superblocks and makes each block not consistent with what data is actually present, corrupting any data that you had there.

A metaphor:

Think of a filing cabinet (storage device) that has a very important method of organization (superblocks and metadata), and the normal way to add, read, or remove information from that cabinet is to ask the secretary (filesystem) to do what you want her to, since she's the only one who knows how to organize the files so that they can be easily recovered. If you go and try to put information into the cabinet directly without using the secretary, then her record of what files are present and where they are is no longer correct, and she will be unable to keep track of what is in the cabinet, making the information sometimes irretrievable.


How to backup encrypted home in encrypted form only?

From reading this by the author of ecryptfs, it sounds like you want to backup $HOME/.Private for each user.


lsb_release gets the OS name from the file /usr/lib/os-release.
If you want modify this file and want your changes to survive upgrades of the package base-files you need to run
sudo dpkg-divert --add  /usr/lib/os-release

first. This will make the package to use the file /usr/lib/os-release.distrib instead  and do not touch the file /usr/lib/os-release.


Creating UEFI bootable live-usb using custom ISO

Thanks to @oldfred for explaining that the seperated partitions is to overcome the 4GB file size limit for FAT32.

I've managed to create the bootable ISO by putting both the boot folder and the EFI folders from the ISO into the FAT32 (efi.img) partition.

I've modified the grub.cfg to launch from a different partition than the one it sits in.

This doesn't seem right to me because the original efi.img file only had three files:

BOOTx64.EFI
grubx64.efi
mmx64.efi

But, it works so I'm happy.

The exact structure of my efi.img file is this:

.
├── boot
│   └── grub
│       ├── font.pf2
│       ├── grub.cfg
│       ├── loopback.cfg
│       └── x86_64-efi
│           ├── acpi.mod
│           ├── adler32.mod
│           ├── ahci.mod
│           ├── all_video.mod
│           ├── aout.mod
│           ├── appleldr.mod
│           ├── archelp.mod
│           ├── ata.mod
│           ├── at_keyboard.mod
│           ├── backtrace.mod
│           ├── bfs.mod
│           ├── bitmap.mod
│           ├── bitmap_scale.mod
│           ├── blocklist.mod
│           ├── boot.mod
│           ├── bsd.mod
│           ├── bswap_test.mod
│           ├── btrfs.mod
│           ├── bufio.mod
│           ├── cat.mod
│           ├── cbfs.mod
│           ├── cbls.mod
│           ├── cbmemc.mod
│           ├── cbtable.mod
│           ├── cbtime.mod
│           ├── chain.mod
│           ├── cmdline_cat_test.mod
│           ├── cmp.mod
│           ├── cmp_test.mod
│           ├── command.lst
│           ├── cpio_be.mod
│           ├── cpio.mod
│           ├── cpuid.mod
│           ├── crc64.mod
│           ├── cryptodisk.mod
│           ├── crypto.lst
│           ├── crypto.mod
│           ├── cs5536.mod
│           ├── ctz_test.mod
│           ├── datehook.mod
│           ├── date.mod
│           ├── datetime.mod
│           ├── diskfilter.mod
│           ├── disk.mod
│           ├── div.mod
│           ├── div_test.mod
│           ├── dm_nv.mod
│           ├── echo.mod
│           ├── efifwsetup.mod
│           ├── efi_gop.mod
│           ├── efinet.mod
│           ├── efi_uga.mod
│           ├── ehci.mod
│           ├── elf.mod
│           ├── eval.mod
│           ├── exfat.mod
│           ├── exfctest.mod
│           ├── ext2.mod
│           ├── fat.mod
│           ├── file.mod
│           ├── fixvideo.mod
│           ├── font.mod
│           ├── fs.lst
│           ├── gcry_arcfour.mod
│           ├── gcry_blowfish.mod
│           ├── gcry_camellia.mod
│           ├── gcry_cast5.mod
│           ├── gcry_crc.mod
│           ├── gcry_des.mod
│           ├── gcry_dsa.mod
│           ├── gcry_idea.mod
│           ├── gcry_md4.mod
│           ├── gcry_md5.mod
│           ├── gcry_rfc2268.mod
│           ├── gcry_rijndael.mod
│           ├── gcry_rmd160.mod
│           ├── gcry_rsa.mod
│           ├── gcry_seed.mod
│           ├── gcry_serpent.mod
│           ├── gcry_sha1.mod
│           ├── gcry_sha256.mod
│           ├── gcry_sha512.mod
│           ├── gcry_tiger.mod
│           ├── gcry_twofish.mod
│           ├── gcry_whirlpool.mod
│           ├── geli.mod
│           ├── gettext.mod
│           ├── gfxmenu.mod
│           ├── gfxterm_background.mod
│           ├── gfxterm_menu.mod
│           ├── gfxterm.mod
│           ├── gptsync.mod
│           ├── grub.cfg
│           ├── gzio.mod
│           ├── halt.mod
│           ├── hashsum.mod
│           ├── hdparm.mod
│           ├── help.mod
│           ├── hexdump.mod
│           ├── hfs.mod
│           ├── hfspluscomp.mod
│           ├── hfsplus.mod
│           ├── http.mod
│           ├── iorw.mod
│           ├── jfs.mod
│           ├── jpeg.mod
│           ├── keylayouts.mod
│           ├── keystatus.mod
│           ├── ldm.mod
│           ├── legacycfg.mod
│           ├── legacy_password_test.mod
│           ├── linux16.mod
│           ├── linuxefi.mod
│           ├── linux.mod
│           ├── loadbios.mod
│           ├── loadenv.mod
│           ├── loopback.mod
│           ├── lsacpi.mod
│           ├── lsefimmap.mod
│           ├── lsefi.mod
│           ├── lsefisystab.mod
│           ├── lsmmap.mod
│           ├── ls.mod
│           ├── lspci.mod
│           ├── lssal.mod
│           ├── luks.mod
│           ├── lvm.mod
│           ├── lzopio.mod
│           ├── macbless.mod
│           ├── macho.mod
│           ├── mdraid09_be.mod
│           ├── mdraid09.mod
│           ├── mdraid1x.mod
│           ├── memrw.mod
│           ├── minicmd.mod
│           ├── minix2_be.mod
│           ├── minix2.mod
│           ├── minix3_be.mod
│           ├── minix3.mod
│           ├── minix_be.mod
│           ├── mmap.mod
│           ├── moddep.lst
│           ├── morse.mod
│           ├── mpi.mod
│           ├── msdospart.mod
│           ├── mul_test.mod
│           ├── multiboot2.mod
│           ├── multiboot.mod
│           ├── nativedisk.mod
│           ├── net.mod
│           ├── newc.mod
│           ├── ntfscomp.mod
│           ├── ntfs.mod
│           ├── odc.mod
│           ├── offsetio.mod
│           ├── ohci.mod
│           ├── part_acorn.mod
│           ├── part_amiga.mod
│           ├── part_apple.mod
│           ├── part_bsd.mod
│           ├── part_dfly.mod
│           ├── part_dvh.mod
│           ├── part_gpt.mod
│           ├── partmap.lst
│           ├── part_msdos.mod
│           ├── part_plan.mod
│           ├── part_sun.mod
│           ├── part_sunpc.mod
│           ├── parttool.lst
│           ├── parttool.mod
│           ├── password.mod
│           ├── password_pbkdf2.mod
│           ├── pata.mod
│           ├── pbkdf2.mod
│           ├── pbkdf2_test.mod
│           ├── pcidump.mod
│           ├── play.mod
│           ├── png.mod
│           ├── priority_queue.mod
│           ├── probe.mod
│           ├── procfs.mod
│           ├── progress.mod
│           ├── raid5rec.mod
│           ├── raid6rec.mod
│           ├── random.mod
│           ├── read.mod
│           ├── reboot.mod
│           ├── regexp.mod
│           ├── reiserfs.mod
│           ├── relocator.mod
│           ├── romfs.mod
│           ├── scsi.mod
│           ├── serial.mod
│           ├── setjmp.mod
│           ├── setjmp_test.mod
│           ├── setpci.mod
│           ├── shift_test.mod
│           ├── signature_test.mod
│           ├── sleep.mod
│           ├── sleep_test.mod
│           ├── spkmodem.mod
│           ├── squash4.mod
│           ├── syslinuxcfg.mod
│           ├── terminal.lst
│           ├── terminal.mod
│           ├── terminfo.mod
│           ├── test_blockarg.mod
│           ├── testload.mod
│           ├── test.mod
│           ├── testspeed.mod
│           ├── tftp.mod
│           ├── tga.mod
│           ├── time.mod
│           ├── trig.mod
│           ├── tr.mod
│           ├── true.mod
│           ├── udf.mod
│           ├── ufs1_be.mod
│           ├── ufs1.mod
│           ├── ufs2.mod
│           ├── uhci.mod
│           ├── usb_keyboard.mod
│           ├── usb.mod
│           ├── usbms.mod
│           ├── usbserial_common.mod
│           ├── usbserial_ftdi.mod
│           ├── usbserial_pl2303.mod
│           ├── usbserial_usbdebug.mod
│           ├── usbtest.mod
│           ├── verify.mod
│           ├── video_bochs.mod
│           ├── video_cirrus.mod
│           ├── video_colors.mod
│           ├── video_fb.mod
│           ├── videoinfo.mod
│           ├── video.lst
│           ├── video.mod
│           ├── videotest_checksum.mod
│           ├── videotest.mod
│           ├── xfs.mod
│           ├── xnu.mod
│           ├── xnu_uuid.mod
│           ├── xnu_uuid_test.mod
│           ├── xzio.mod
│           └── zfscrypt.mod
└── efi
    └── boot
        ├── bootia32.efi
        ├── BOOTx64.EFI
        ├── grubx64.efi
        └── mmx64.efi

Some of those probably aren't necessary, but I'm not concerned about the extra 10MB of space it uses.

This is my grub.cfg inside the img.efi file, note the set root=(hd0):

if loadfont /boot/grub/font.pf2 ; then
    set gfxmode=auto
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod gfxterm
    terminal_output gfxterm
fi

set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray

set timeout=5
menuentry "Install Ubuntu Server" {
    set root=(hd0)
    set gfxpayload=keep
    linux   /casper/vmlinuz  boot=casper only-ubiquity quiet splash ---
    initrd  /casper/initrd
}
menuentry "Run from internal disk" {
    linux    (hd1,gpt2)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/mmcblk1p2 intel_idle.max_cstate=0 quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd   (hd1,gpt2)/boot/initrd
}

If anyone can shed further light on what should be inside of the efi.img file, please let me know.


Removing Ubuntu completely on the same partition where my Windows is also installed

Hmm... Well, if you don't want to work hard for this Windows installation, I can't help you. If you want to work quite a bit to save it, I can, but it does involve you having to reinstall windows 7... I assume you have a lot of stuff on the windows partition. Follow these steps to create a live-usb to copy windows to another partition (if you still have your installation usb you used to install Ubuntu, skip to step :

1. Boot your Live-USB system

2. Partition the hard-drive with gparted. Make a partition at least... 120 gigs. If that is the size of your hard drive or fairly close, make it 60 gigs. Format it with FAT32 or NTFS (if your UBUNTU live-usb can handle them).

3. Go to the file explorer and then to the new partition. It is now mounted. Now go to the computer box. Click it.

4. Move the following folders to the partition you created in step 2:

Windows

Program Files

Users

Program Files (x86) (this is only here on x64 machines. DO NOT PANIC IF IT ISN'T HERE)

5. When those are finished copying, you can insert your windows installation media and reinstall windows 7. When it's done installing, you can move everything back EXCEPT THE PROGRAM FOLDERS. YOU WILL HAVE TO REINSTALL EVERYTHING.
Oh, and when you have windows reinstalled, you have a NICE PARTITION TO INSTALL UBUNTU TO! :D
Sorry, you had to go through this... Just be careful next time.


Old question, but whatever. I stumbled on the same problem and maybe someone can contribute to make it a bit better for whoever comes next.
The android-sdk manager does not give you anything to start from, if not the basic libraries and few tools to work with Android (like adb).
If you are at this point and don't know what's what, you might want to stop and read a bit more on how the Android development and ecosystem works: using Android Studio (the IDE based on IntellijIDEA) could be a good starting point.
The sdkmanager is (now) part of a different package and it doesn't seem to be shipped through the repos (I guess license issue? or they don't care to package it for debian/ubuntu). You need to download and install it separately from the official android website.


Access Docker container's HTTP port via Tor hidden service

So, I have managed to get it up and running correctly.
Here's what I've done:

Add the following to the /etc/tor/torrc file:

HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/my_hidden_service/
HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:8080
HiddenServicePort 22 127.0.0.1:22

Restart Tor with sudo systemctl restart tor

Your .onion address is located at /var/lib/tor/my_hidden_server/hostname (you can view it by performing cat /var/lib/tor/my_hidden_server/hostname


Is it possible to have different zoom for each display for dual-display configuration?

This should do the trick. Replace $YOUR_4K_SCREEN with the name of your output. You can play with the scaling factor until it's comfortable for you.
xrandr --output $YOUR_4K_SCREEN --scale 0.5x0.5

If anyone knows how to make this persist let us know.
If you encounter overlapping issue on second monitor use arandr to set screen position
 sudo apt install arandr


Open a text-only virtual console by using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+F3.
At the login: prompt type your username and press Enter.
At the Password: prompt type your user password and press Enter.
Now you are logged in to a text-only console, and you can run terminal commands from the console. Then run this command and comment about the results: cd /usr/share/ati/ && ls. The command will tell you if there is a file called fglrx-uninstall.sh in the /usr/share/ati/ directory. To reboot the system from the console run the command: sudo shutdown -r now. Press the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+F7 to exit from the virtual console. In Ubuntu 17.10 and later press the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+F2 to exit from the virtual console.
If there is an fglrx-uninstall.sh file, you can uninstall the AMD Catalyst driver and reboot by running: sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh && sudo reboot. After you reboot, your computer will be using the open source graphics driver as it did before.
You can use the terminal program xrandr to create a custom resolution (in your case you want the native resolution of your monitor - 1366×768 pixels) by following the instructions in this link: How to set the monitor to its native resolution which is not listed in the resolutions list?.


Why I don't see LTS on the ISO filename downloaded?

That is not a problem. 14.04 is a lts release and the iso is called "   ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso" or "ubuntu-14.04-desktop-i386.iso" . There is no "LTS" in the name.


It worked in Ubuntu 17.10 after running this command:

sudo apt install colord-sensor-argyll


"Resuming from /dev/disk/by-uuid/..." message on normal boot

You can't. Or more like is not advisable. That message is from the kernel ring and if you disable it you will be disabling all kind of important messages that could appear. So, if everything is working as intended and quiet is set in the boot arguments, leave that message there!


How do I copy contents of a file and concatenate it into a new file?

I think, this is what you looking for

while read -r line; do echo "$line"; echo "$line"; done < file1 | sed 'N;s/\n/ /' > file2

While loop would helps to duplicate all the lines from  file1 and the sed command will combine the two consecutive lines into one.


Java doesn't work with latest Chrome/Chromium. https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/xEbgvWE7wMk


Brother MFC 240C will not print but shows job as completed

After doing a little searching, I found this article: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1483951 I went into Ubuntu Software Center and installed these two packages:

brother-cups-wrapper-bh7
brother-lpr-drivers-bh7

After uninstalling the old setup, the new installation appears to work fine.


rEFInd deleted after formatting Mac OS X partition

Ok, so it seems to me that I have followed the correction procedure in the output in a wrong way, this is what I did and worked for me:

First install rEFInd using the install.sh file

Secondly Copy all the contents of the refind folder into a new created boot folder, this command will do it:

Sudo cp -a /boot/efi/EFI/refind/. /boot/efi/EFI/boot/

Thirdly rename the refind_x64.efi binary into the default name as suggested in the output:

sudo cp /boot/efi/EFI/boot/refind_x64.efi /boot/efi/EFI/boot/bootx64.efi

The last thing to do is to make the refind boot option the startup disc, this could be done by pressing alt at the computer start to show the different options available, and then pressing ctrl while selecting the refind disc..


Computer freezes when clicking "Restart now" after Ubuntu 18.04 installation is completed

The process of installing Ubuntu has completed except for restarting the computer. Press the power key on your computer and hold it down until it force shuts down. Then boot the computer again and it should be OK.


How to load EDID Firmware with drm_kms_helper

My problem seems to come from hotplug problem.
When i disable it, everythings goes well.
See here for more details


Remove the old version after upgrade

When you upgrade from previous Ubuntu versions, the "old" Software-center is not removed it seems. Since it is replaced by the new Software-center, you can remove it by running the command:

sudo apt-get remove software-center

This will not remove the new software-center, since it has a different package name.

If the icon still is there:

Most likely

Software Center was update to the latest version for 16.04, but the old .desktop file was left behind.

What to do if this is the case

Browse in nautilus to /usr/share/applications
Drag either one of the .desktop files with "software" in its name on to the launcher and try to start it from there. If it launches succesfully, that's obviously the one to keep.

Note: the file name of the new .desktop file is org.gnome.Software.desktop, showing "Software" in nautilus, while the old one was named ubuntu-software-center.desktop, showing "Ubuntu Software Center" in nautilus.
Test the other one to test similarly until you find the outdated one

Another option

is that for some reason, in the past you (or software you used) made a local copy of the global .desktop file. If the solution below gives no result, look in ~/.local/share/applications for a file ubuntu-software-center.desktop and remove it, log out and back in.


How To Program A Bash Script That Presses A Certain Combination Of Keys?

For those who wants to accomplish this task, please follow the steps below:

Create an empty file and write the following simple bash script inside:

#!/bin/bash
xdotool key alt+shift+F12

Save the file as ".sh" and make it executable.

You can add any set of keys and this tool can also allow you to automate the mouse. You can create very useful scripts with it if used properly.

Happy coding!

Credits: Special thanks to @muru for teaching me how to write this script.

Tutorial: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/en/man1/xdotool.1.html


It is possible to send an HTML E-mail that loads an image from a remote Web server. The reference to the image could be something other than an image, even though an image is actually displayed in the E-mail. This could contain variables that I want to learn, such as who received my E-mail, and many other variables gathered when the E-mail client loads the "image" from the Web server. And there are many more techniques.


Try wvdial. It prints more verbose information.


cx_Oracle in Ubuntu: distutils.errors.DistutilsSetupError: cannot locate an Oracle software installation

For Oracle 12.x , cx_Oracle not available yet. So we need to download instant client with 11.x version.
Go to http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html and accept License Agreement.
Then download zip files with names as below

instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip
instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

And unzip them with unzip command
unzip instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip
unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

Both will be extracted into a common directory named as "instantclient_11_2". Then add this to PATH with below commands.
export ORACLE_HOME=/path-to_this/instantclient_11_2
cd $ORACLE_HOME
ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1   libclntsh.so

Open /etc/profile or .bashrc and following entries.
export ORACLE_HOME=/location/of/your/files/instantclient_11_2
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME

then do source ~/.bashrc or source /etc/profile
And install these packages
sudo apt-get install build-essential unzip python-dev libaio-dev

after that use pip or pip3 according to your Python version and then install it
pip3 install cx_Oracle

and try loading cx_Oracle module in Python interpreter.
Hope this helps.
Credit goes here: https://gist.github.com/kimus/10012910
Note: I have tried this on my Ubuntu 16.04 installation , it should work for you.


Problem upgrading 11.10 Server to 12.04 LTS

Isn't prompt=lts a wrong option?

  If and only if upgrading from an LTS release, then edit /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades and set Prompt=lts

Source: PreciseUpgrades - Community Ubuntu Documentation


Dropping caches after rsync seem to fix the problem:

sudo sh -c "sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"

See also here.

Though, I do not find this very convenient....


pdflatex not working with ACM class files on 17.10

Downgrading to texlive2016-20160523 fixes this. Download from ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive/2016/.


Custom keybindings for a single application

I think you actually need a different, more simple windows manager or even no window manager at all. I'm not even sure if LXDE allows overriding its own keyboard shortcuts. Alternatively you can look for a "kiosk mode" that jails the user to a specific application that they can't quit (or that is immediately restarted upon termination).

My idea is that you start the "jailed" environment with the required application during evaluations and use a regular window manager otherwise. Disabling shortcuts is a terrible idea because it's so easy to circumvent if you forget but one or if a user manages to close or minimise an application window with a glitch.

There's no need to run complex command sequences during each session type switch because all this could be set up as just another session type to choose during log-in (like the choice between different desktop environments). Switching the session type would be as easy as logging out, selecting a different session type, and logging back in. This should work with guest sessions too. (I have not tried any of this but according to my experience with the configuration of different desktop sessions this should be possible.)

See for instance:

How to open Chromium in full screen kiosk mode in minimal windows manager environment (like openbox / jwm)
Customize Ubuntu for a library Internet kiosk


Find two images and convert them to .pdf

You can do that with find like so:

find path/ -type f -name '[xy]\.jpg' -exec convert {} {}\.pdf \;

The files will then be named x.jpg.pdf and y.jpg.pdf. find takes regex for a name pattern so you can do that in batch for many files, you just need the proper regex. This however only creates you two single PDF files for each image.

To put them all into one PDF file you can use the following:

# create a directory in /tmp
mkdir /tmp/output
# find all the images and convert them to single standing PDF files
# then move them to the output directory
find path/ -type f -name '[xy]\.jpg' -exec convert {} {}\.pdf \; -exec mv {}\.pdf /tmp/output/ \;
# now join them all together to a single file
pdfunite /tmp/output/* ~/output.pdf
# normally the system clean up /tmp on restart, but we clean up ourselves
rm -r /tmp/output

Here as well you need to proper regex for finding all your files, but the rest is not limited on how many files you search like this.

Of course you can do a bash script from that:

#!/bin/bash
# create a directory in /tmp
tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
# find all the images and convert them to single standing PDF files
# then move them to the output directory
find "$1" -type f -name "$2" -exec convert {} {}\.pdf \; -exec mv {}\.pdf "$tmpdir" \;
# now join them all together to a single file
pdfunite "$tmpdir"/* "$3"
# normally the system clean up /tmp on restart, but we clean up ourselves
rm -r "$tmpdir"

Save it as script.sh and do chmod 755 script.sh now you can call it like this:

# usage script.sh [PATH] '[PATTERN]' [OUTPUT-FILE]
./script.sh path/ '[xy]\.jpg' ~/output.pdf

To incorperate @dessert's proposed changes the script becomes this but works the same:

#!/bin/bash
# create a directory in /tmp
tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
# find all the images and convert them to single standing PDF files
# then move them to the output directory
find "$1" -type f -name "$2" -exec sh -c 'convert "$1" "$0/${1##*/}.pdf"' $tempdir "{}" \;
# now join them all together to a single file
pdfunite "$tmpdir"/* "$3"
# normally the system clean up /tmp on restart, but we clean up ourselves
rm -r "$tmpdir"

Have fun.


authentication method for likewise to join a domain

Well try this before installing likewise-open

Open Terminal

ping domain e.g. domain.com
ping doimain controller e.g. domaincontroller.domain.com
ping domain controller IP Address 192.168.X.X

For this Process I used ¨root user¨

$ sudo su

gedit /etc/hosts

Put this below the first two lines:

IPADDRESSOFDCSERVER   SERVERNAME
192.168.0.1       Ubuntuserver1

gedit /etc/nsswitch.conf

look for line that says hosts and comment is out with ¨#¨
then add the following line above it:

hosts:      files dns mdns4

gedit /etc/resolv.conf

comment out everything with ¨#¨ and add line below

search domain.com
nameserver  192.168.X.X (IP ADDRESS OF DOMAIN CONTROLLER)

gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf

Then add line below the ¨option rfc3442-classless-static-routes code 121 = array of unsigned integer 8;¨

supersede domain-name ¨domain.com¨;

prepend domain-name-servers 192.168.0.2; (IP ADDRESS OF DOMAIN CONTROLLER)

Here I added the user I will be log into the machine with to a two group:

sudo visudo

under #User privilege specification: put domain user
DOMAIN\username ALL=(ALL) ALL

and

under #Member of admin group may gain root privileges:

%DOMAIN\domain^users ALL=(ALL) ALL

Then Install likewise with the following:

apt-get install likewise-open likewise-open-gui

Then join the domain:

domainjoin-cli join --ou COMPUTERS DOMAIN.COM administrator

This is opitional to allow you to just type in the username without the domain:

lwconfig assumeDefaultDomain True

Then you reboot the machine:

sudo reboot

After reboot you login:

login with domain username

from terminal you now check to see if all configuration went well:

lw-get-status (to see if active Directory is there)

lw-enum-users (to see the user of active Directory)

If errors should occur like not seeing the login page:

Enable domain login on login screen

gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

Acutally adding: greeter-hide-users=true (this hide the users so becareful with this one)

greeter-show-manual-login=true (This shows all users and login function)

To leave the domain

sudo domainjoin-cli leave

Let me know if this helps!


How do I work around this installation error?

Make sure you have the administrator permission--you need to be in the admin group. If you are in that group,you can add sudo at the head of you command to give ./install permission to install files on your system.

how about sudo su?change to the root


how can I "become" user#1000 and recover the "right" to make backup copies?

Here's a few steps that you might want to do:

Find a friend with a computer. Download Ubuntu 16.04 LTS  installation *.iso file, and create bootable USB using an utility of your choice for creating installation USB. Buy your friend a beer if necessary.
Insert the USB into the computer, boot and enter Boot Selection menu.  Select to boot from USB. Usually this is F8 key, but it depends on your computer.
Once your computer boots to USB, choose "Try Ubuntu", press Ctrl-Alt-F1.
You will need to know which /dev/ device is your hard drive. Use lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE for that. ext4 is Ubuntu , ntfs is Windows - general rule of thumb. Here's my output example - primary solid state drive /dev/sda has Ubuntu on /dev/sda1 , and secondary hard drive has whole bunch of Windows stuff:

NAME   FSTYPE
sda
└─sda1 ext4
sdb
├─sdb1 ntfs
├─sdb2 vfat
├─sdb3 ntfs
├─sdb4 ntfs
├─sdb5 ntfs
└─sdb6 ext4

Once you know which one is your Ubuntu, do the following (substitute /dev/sda1 with your actual paritition found in step 4)

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev

sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc

sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

At this point you can either change password for your user to recover your system, or run rsync command to copy files somewhere. Take a look at this for reference if you choose to copy files:Copy file to External Hard Disk If you choose to change password, do

sudo passwd your_login_name


Would Ubuntu 13.10 work on unallocated space with Windows 8.1?

Yes, if you have some unallocated space on your hard drive, the Ubuntu installer will be able to use that for Ubuntu. Alongside Windows 8.1 on another partition.

The only thing that you should be aware of is that you can only create a maximum of 4 primary partitions on a hard drive. That is, if you already have 4 primary partitions, then you cannot use that unallocated space for Ubuntu, as Ubuntu will need to create at least one partition for itself.

(Note: Typically Ubuntu uses more than one partition, at least one for the root system and one for swap space; often for /home, sometimes for /boot, sometimes for other folders. But as long as you can allocate at least one primary partition on your hard drive, you could configure the Ubuntu installer to make it a logical partition that could again be split into four extended partitions.)


How to get rid of Unity 2d's task bar notifications?

Ubuntu with Unity 3D only :

Install CCSM from the terminal:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Launch ccsm from Dash or terminal.

Go to Desktop → Ubuntu Unity Plugin → Experimental → Launch Animation and Urgent Animation and set both to None.


Are there tools to manage the power management for HDD?

You can experiment a bit with a few options for hdparm command. Specifically:

-S <number> sets the idle timeout before the drive turns its spindle
off.
-M <number> sets the Acoustic Management Mode (this parameter also
helps in the power management)

I don't report here how the value should be chosen, I let you to read it from the man page.

That said, I would NOT recommend to choose timeout values too short, as still one of the most stressing times for a hard disk is the spin-up time, i.e. it's better to leave a HDD spin a little longer while idling than continuously turn it off and on, especially with modern, low-power HDDs.


This may have nothing to do with this but, is your laptop plugged in? In an effort to save battery power your system is probably spinning down the disk when not in use for some period of time. When on AC it may be keeping it spun up for maximum performance -- generating higher temp. Also, MAKE SURE that your fan isn't clogged,or the laptop is in a tight space. Cam I have your Ubuntu Specs as well?


Limit User Login Attempts (Ubuntu 12.10, pam_tally.so, pam_tally2.so)

This is from the pam_tally "man" page.

  pam_tally has several limitations, which are solved with pam_tally2. For this
  reason pam_tally is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.

You can view it (and any other command in this format) by entering the following into Terminal:

man pam_tally

Do you intend to implement lockouts at the keyboard and/or over the network (ssh)?  I don't have an example for you but below you may 'find the answers you seek.'  First you'll need to edit that file you mentioned by entering this from Terminal:

sudo gedit /etc/pam.d/common-auth

Add this at the top of the file (order of rules matters):

auth required pam_tally.so per_user magic_root onerr=fail

This sets the number of allowed attempts

sudo faillog -m 3

The -l option sets the lock time.

faillog -m 3 -l 3600

To unlock an account

faillog -u login_name -r

Credits: http://blog.bodhizazen.com/linux/ubuntu-how-to-faillog/

Good luck and I hope you make the wise choice to stay with Ubuntu.


Ubuntu 20.04 no sound out of Bluetooth headphones

This is a bug (pulseaudio #832, launchpad #1866194) with new version of pulseaudio in Ubuntu 20.04 where old config values have not been cleared and it is not routing to the correct device. The solution is to delete the old config and restart pulseaudio:

Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run the following commands:

mv ~/.config/pulse/ ~/.config/pulse.old
systemctl --user restart pulseaudio

A pulseaudio fix #298 is currently in progress.


dpkg completely broken? It does not recognize root

Weird, the id command was replaced with something empty.

Reinstalled coreutils and the problem is gone.


A blank LD_LIBRARY_PATH isn't the problem.
It's not set by default in Ubuntu.

Per the comment on the answer on this question, it seems most likely that you installed the 64bit version of the library but you're running a 32bit application and therefore need the 32bit lib too.

sudo apt-get install libxml2:i386


How can I switch graphics from Intel to nVIDIA in ubuntu 14.10?

This might be just what you need:

https://github.com/beidl/prime-indicator

They say "Indicator applet for Ubuntu 14.04 laptop users with NVIDIA/Intel switchable graphics" but there is a good chance that it might also work for your version of Ubuntu.


How do I specify mounted windows shares as a command line path?

ls ~/.gvfs

That'll show gnome-mounted things and you can treat them like any other filesystem.


sudo apt-get install swig on Ubuntu 14.04

download the latest development (master) version of SWIG:

git clone https://github.com/swig/swig.git

cd swig
sudo apt-get install automake
./autogen.sh
./configure
sudo apt-get install bison flex
make
sudo make install

Hope it helps,
Gepp


Font display: single letter corrupted (temporarily)

Does it occur only for firefox, then it must be firefox related issue.
Or, did any update to any other software (excluding firefox)/or your Linux system cause this behavior?
If yes, is your computer supporting additional languages (more than one)?
If recent software update is not the issue, it is likely issue with your graphics card or drivers. In some cases, it could be the RAM acting up.


Ubuntu 16.04 installer hangs on softlockup 812LC

This looks to be a race condition in the AST framebuffer driver that we've (now repeatedly) squashed over $time.

You should be able to add "ast.blacklist=yes" to the kernel command line to blacklist the AST framebuffer driver. This will disable the VGA port and you'll have to use the text installer (but you're already doing that).

I thought newer kernels would have had this fix in them, but perhaps this particular Ubuntu one only has one of the two/three fixes.


Usually I sync big amounts (about 100 Gb) of data with FreeFileSync.

It uses database with timestamps, filesizes and checksums. First synchronization takes long time, but next will be faster.

It handles symbolic links.

You can start with File time and size and Two Way synchronization and then solve found conflicts manually.


Samba shares with windows AD picking wrong username

This problem is caused by the lack of support for spaces inside user names with samba, this is because they are used as seperators.

The following solution can be used to solve this problem, this creates an alias for the user name with spaces:

Define a user name map by placing the following inside your samba configuration:

username map = /usr/local/private/usermap.txt

Add the following content to /usr/local/private/usermap.txt

WINDOMAIN\simonwally = "WINDOMAIN\simon wally"
WINDOMAIN\simonfolly = "WINDOMAIN\simon folly"

This creates an alias, so the name can be the user without spaces
Change the valid users section inside your configuration to:

valid users = "WINDOMAIN\simonwally"

Because of the mappings we made before, this will map to the user account with a space, and because of that, it will accept the user to the share.
Check if the samba configuration contains mistakes (always recommend after a modification)
Run the following code on a terminal like bash:

testparm && echo "Syntax OK" || echo "Syntax Error"

Restart samba:

sudo service smbd restart

Ref 1: Explains how to use spaces inside the configuration.

Ref 2:  Code for checking if the samba configuration contains mistakes.


It means on everything, from Ubuntu Wiki " When an Ubuntu release reaches its “end of life” it receives no further maintenance updates, including critical security upgrades. It is highly recommended that you upgrade to a recent version of Ubuntu at this point."

Thats saying all Bugs fixing , Security updates , updates, Upgrades about system and applications everything .


It's an easy thing to do by applying a PDF Converter. You can try PDFMate PDF Converter Free. It's a free program that enables you to convert your pdf to txt, doc, epub and other popular formats.


try this program GTK Recoder frankly i didn't use it before put most user use it in linux so I think it's must be good

try this Desktop Recorder

you can search it in ubuntu software center and write that

  gtk-recordmydesktop

and this explain for it  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VYaAn8UI-8

and finally program i found it in this link http://www.noobslab.com/2012/01/kazam-screen-recorder-for-ubuntu-1110.html


Why disable Fast Boot on Windows 8 when having dual booting?

Fast boot explained with an image:

During fast boot the system loads the hiberfile and does not use the files on the filesystem.

So the biggest problem, and the worst problem you can have on a computer, is data loss: if you create a shared NTFS data partition the hibernation may maintain the file structure so if you try to save a file from Linux into the NTFS partition it will get lost on Windows reboot as it only remembers the old file structure. See this Ubuntu Forums thread for more information.

That alone is reason enough to never touch fast boot in a dual boot setup.

Two relevant discussions from Super User:

Hibernating and booting into another OS: will my filesystems be corrupted?
What do I have to take care of when hibernating both Ubuntu and Windows (dual-boot environment) Make sure to take note of this answer by Gilles.

In general: if a disc is mounted when using fast boot, Windows puts this disc and its content in a hiberfile. Any changes made to the system are gone when the hiberfile is restored. This includes mounted external discs. Ubuntu will refuse to mount a disc that has a hiberfile.

One of the bad messages you see in these topics is getting a "disc has errors" when booting Windows.


I have only 9.54 GB root , I don't have space anymore. So I freed 15 GB disk in order to extend my root partition with it. But now unable to extend

Yes, it's possible if you use a live USB/CD system.

Step by step guide:

Find an USB drive with ~1.5 GiB of free space

I highly recommend that you back up any important data from that USB drive before continuing

Download any recent Ubuntu image from the Download page (if you don't have one lying around already).
Launch the Startup Disk Creator application

Add the downloaded Ubuntu image using the Other… button of the first section
Select your USB drive from the second list
Start installation by clicking on Make Startup Disk

Now reboot and boot from the USB-Stick. Once you see the desktop on the USB system:

Connect to the Internet as usual
Launch the Ubuntu Software Center
Install GParted as usual
Launch GParted

Now start with the first NTFS partition (/dev/sda3):

Right-click on it's entry in GParted's partition list
Select Resize/Move from the menu
In the dialog: Drag the partition from the right all the way to the left:
Confirm with the Resize/Move button in the bottom right

Next you have to make the extended partition (/dev/sda4) larger:

Again, right-click on it's entry and select Resize/Move from the menu
This time, in the dialog: Increase the size of the partition by dragging it's left handle all the way to the left:

Now repeat everything you have done with the first NTFS partition (/dev/sda3) with the second NTFS partition (/dev/sda5).

Finally repeat what you have done for the extended partition (/dev/sda4) for your root partition (/dev/sda6).

The final list of pending operation should look similar to this:

Once you're confident that you have done everything correctly, click on the Apply button, confirm the warning, and get a coffee. It'll take a while for the all operations to complete…


Is it possible to integrate RabbitVCS to Caja file manager?

Thanks to @DKBose with his finding - we need to use RabbitVCS script from https://github.com/rabbitvcs/rabbitvcs/tree/master/clients/caja .
But with small correction - we can not use latest (master) version.

For 16.04 LTS and 18.04 LTS we need to run the following commands:
sudo apt install rabbitvcs-cli python-caja python-tk git mercurial subversion

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/caja-python/extensions
cd ~/.local/share/caja-python/extensions
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rabbitvcs/rabbitvcs/v0.16/clients/caja/RabbitVCS.py
caja -q
caja

For 20.04 LTS:
sudo apt install rabbitvcs-cli python3-caja python3-tk git mercurial subversion

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/caja-python/extensions
cd ~/.local/share/caja-python/extensions
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rabbitvcs/rabbitvcs/v0.18/clients/caja/RabbitVCS.py
caja -q
caja

and enjoy:


Should be an easy fix.

Use your file manager to find the Minecraft.jar and right-click on it.  Choose Properties.  Click on the Permissions tab and look down the list where it says Execute:  Make sure the box is checked for "Allow executing file as a program."  Close the properties window and now try double-clicking the Minecraft.jar file.  If java is installed, it should start the launcher.

If you get any kind of error, you may need to install Java.  An easy way to do that is to open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T.  Then type the following pressing enter after each line (enter your password if asked):

sudo apt update
sudo apt install default-jre

That should install the basic java runtime.  Try double-clicking on the minecraft.jar file again.  If it still doesn't run, then reboot and try double-clicking again.  Just make sure that executable checkbox is checked.

If you get some weird bugs in your window, open the terminal again (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run this:

sudo update-ca-certificates --fresh

and press enter.   After entering your password, it should update your certificates and after running it again it should then work.  Just a heads up because I had to do it for some weird reason.  :)

Good luck!


AlsaMixer mistakes the speakers for the headphones

The only workaround I found so far is to create an unmute script and execute it at startup:

#!/bin/bash
amixer -q set Headphone 100% unmute

Still wondering how to really solve this problem ...


distinguishing between two bluetooth devices which show up with the same name

It is easy to do in Blueman

sudo apt install blueman

Open Blueman, right click on device, then rename, it is only valid on the computer you run the commands on.

You can also use bluetoothctl in terminal with the set-alias command after connecting to one of the devices.  My test  below

[bluetooth]# connect AC:9B:0A:4F:CA:FF
Attempting to connect to AC:9B:0A:4F:CA:FF
[CHG] Device AC:9B:0A:4F:CA:FF Connected: yes
Connection successful
[CHG] Device AC:9B:0A:4F:CA:FF ServicesResolved: yes
[MDR-ZX770BT]# set-alias Sony-Mega
[CHG] Device AC:9B:0A:4F:CA:FF Alias: Sony-Mega


It sounds like you have root-owned files in your home directory.

This may have been caused by running applications with sudo in the past, and those applications saving files to your home directory.

To find a list of root-owned files in your home directory, try

find /home/ -uid 0

You can then chown them back to your user as appropriate.

chown myuser:myuser -R [files]

Where files is the particular files or subdirectory.  It's usually not a good idea to run a command like this across your whole home directory, on the off chance that some file ownerships are deliberate or necessary for something.

As to what caused the problem, certain applications will store files in your home directory during their normal operation, such as configuration or cache files.  This is very common with graphical applications, but some non-graphical applications may still do this.  Now, if you use sudo, and an application does this, it will create root-owned files in your home directory.  Then, future attempts to run this application without root may fail, because now there are files that can only be opened by root.

The solution is to change the owner of those files back to your user, or to delete them if you don't think they are vital.

To avoid this problem in future, when using sudo, you could use

sudo -H [command]

If it's a graphical application you could alternatively use

gksudo [command]

This tells the application to use the root user's home directory instead of your own home directory.


Thunderbird's Indicator Doesn't Show the Bubbles in 13.04

You can try with some extensions. I'm using Mail Box Alert and it does what I need...


Your iso has spaces, so you have to quote or escape them:

sudo mount -o loop '/home/varbo/Downlaods/Windows 7 Ultimate SP1.iso' /media/iso

or

sudo mount -o loop /home/varbo/Downlaods/Windows\ 7\ Ultimate\ SP1.iso /media/iso

The spaces will be automatically escaped if you use tab completion

sudo mount -o loop /home/varbo/Downlaods/WindowsTabTab /media/iso


What is the difference between gvfs commands and common commands like cat, ls, cp?

gvfs-... type commands can process remote locations based on a url.

From man gvfs-cat:

  gvfs-cat works just like the traditional cat utility,
    but using gvfs locations instead of local files:
    for example you can use something like smb://server/resource/file.txt as location.

For instance

You can use gvfs-cat to do the following:

gvfs-cat smb://server/resource/file.txt

But cat can only be used to do this:

$ cat /path/to/some/file.txt

cat can only access local files, making it useful for local drive lookups. gvfs-cat is used for remote lookups with a valid GVFS url.


Generally, a swap partition is preferred to a swap file; however, you can use a swap file instead.
The swap file will be saved where you put it.
Assuming that your home partition has the most space it can be put there.

first make the swap file:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swapfile bs=4096 count=2M
sudo mkswap /home/swapfile
sudo swapon /home/swapfile

you now have an 8G swapfile.
to make it automatically active you need to edit /etc/fstab.
add the following liine:

/home/swapfile  none  swap  sw 0 0

if you no longer want the swap partition remove the line that looks like:

UUID=########## none  swap  sw  0  0


how to upgrade from ubuntu 15.04 to 15.10?

Please be aware that 15.10 is still in development. Development releases are unstable, and not suited for people who do not want to fix/report/triage bugs. If you want a stable Ubuntu version, stick to the official released versions. For added stability, choose a Ubuntu LTS release.

That said, to upgrade to a development release open your terminal by pressing Alt + F2 and type update-manager -d.

You can choose to upgrade from this window.

Or, If you prefer to do this from the command-line,

sudo do-release-upgrade -d


How can I reinstall pulseaudio? (12.04 64bit)

If you just removed the packages (as opposed to purging them), run this command in a Terminal:

dpkg -l | grep '^r.*pulse'

It shows you a list of packages that were once installed but are now removed and which contain the word "pulse". Reinstalling those should help.

Alternatively or if you purged them, take a look at the file /var/log/dpkg.log. It contains a list of all changes done by the package management. You should be able to find the packages which have been removed at or close to the end of the file and reinstall them.


Second monitor on 16.04 from AMD RX 460 (pro 16.60)

I solved this issue by uninstalling the AMDGPU-PRO drivers and installing the ones from this PPA: https://launchpad.net/~paulo-miguel-dias/+archive/ubuntu/mesa/.  I'd assume the default ones that launch with 16.04 would work as well.  Apparently the AMDGPU-PRO drivers have some issue, at least for me, with dual monitors.

One thing I am curious about, did you have the dual monitor setup before installing the AMDGPU-PRO drivers or after?  I added my second monitor after and had this issue.


Discover Whether A Program Is Installed From Python3 Script

You may use the python apt module, but it only checks if the package is installed. It will fail non-deb distributions or if installed outside the package manager:

import apt
cache = apt.Cache()
cache.open()
 cache["git-core"].is_installed# Evaluates true if git is installed

Try to run git and handle the exception if it fails:

import subprocess

try:
    # pipe output to /dev/null for silence
    null = open("/dev/null", "w")
    subprocess.Popen("git", stdout=null, stderr=null)
    null.close()

except OSError:
    print("git not found")

A third option would be to try all the paths in $PATH and test if you have exec permission on path/git.


Switching between English and Swedish keyboard on Ubuntu 13.04

Click on the system settings.

Select keyboard icon

There is a link at the down left of the window called "Layout Settings"

Click + to add the input source layout

Select Swedish from the list and Click Add button.

There is also a checkbox to display the input source at the system tray and a shortcut at the same window.


No boot option after install alongside Windows 8

Yes, instant on could cause problems.

Since you are boot Windows 8 successfully, I assume you have secure
boot enabled.  Some people find they can actually boot a preinstalled
W8 without secure boot enabled, but they are lucky (until their next
firmware upgrade anyway).

Check that the Ubuntu boot files got installed properly:
From the live media, mount the EFI partition (it's the vfat one
about 300M). It should contain a directory EFI, with an ubuntu
subdirectory.  If you get errors listing the contents of
<your mount point>/EFI/ubuntu, you will have to manually delete it
and rerun

sudo grub-install --uefi-secure-boot /dev/sda

where /dev/sda should be replaced by your hard disk.

The expected contents
of the ubuntu directory are shim.efi, grubx64.efi, and grub.cfg.
  Check that the grubx64.efi is the signed version.  Look at its
size, and compare it to the live media's copy of grubx64.efi.signed
(maybe in /lib/grub/x64...?).  Copy in the signed version if that's
not the one present.

Check that /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi is the same size as /EFI/ubuntu/shim.efi
(or shimx64.efi whatever it's called).  Also, a copy of the signed
grubx64.efi should be present in /EFI/Boot.  The bootx64.efi is really
the bootloader used for removable media like USB, but in some error
cases, it is a (silent) fallback boot mechanism, so might as well
fall back to grub.

Run efibootmgr -v  to see what possible bootloaders you have, you
expect to see both the Windows boot loader with path
/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi and ubuntu with path
/EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi.  If the ubuntu path is grubx64.efi instead
of shimx64.efi, then that cannot boot with secure boot enabled, so
run

sudo grub-install --uefi-secure-boot  /dev/sda

where /dev/sda should be replaced by your hard disk.

and recheck for a bootloader entry with shim in it.
 After running boot-repair, many of the bootloader files get copied around,
with many copies of shim and the originals get a "bkp" added somewhere
to their name.  You can always what's what by their sizes.

All you're trying to do is have the efi boot menu offer ubuntu with
through shimx64, and Windows through bootmgfw (because, sadly, some
machines cannot boot Windows from the grub menu, so this becomes the
only way).  grubx64.efi should be present in the same directory as
shim, and the grub.cfg file in /EFI/ubuntu (All three could be in
/EFI/ubuntu).  The /EFI/Boot directory may be ignored, but may also
be used as a secondary boot, set up by making bootx64.efi your choice of
bootloaders.

Every machine is different, good luck.


CTRL key locks in until I press it again or a shortcut is triggered

This sounds like sticky keys got turned on.

To check open 'System Settings'

Then open 'Universal Access'

Switch to the 'Typing' tab and turn 'Sticky Keys' off (if its on)

Hopefully this will fix your problem.


Open Terminal and enter this command:

gedit ~/.config/autostart/loginsound.desktop
Copy and paste the text below into this new blank file:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=/usr/bin/canberra-gtk-play --id="desktop-login"
Name=Login Sound
Comment=Play login sound on startup
Icon=multimedia-volume-control
Hidden=false
NoDisplay=true
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true

Exit Gedit saving the modified file.
Make sure that you have a file named /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/desktop-login.ogg and it does play your preferred login sound - you can try the command /usr/bin/canberra-gtk-play --id="desktop-login" and if you don't hear anything there might be something wrong with that file:

Does it really contain any sound?
Does it have read permissions for all? (You can check this via gksu nautilus command or the Properties context menu item.)


If you are using the command line for your internet through proxy, adding the proxy to /etc/apt/apt.conf will help.

Also, check if you have added the proxy settings to the network proxy and applied it system-wide.

If things dont work immediately, try restarting the computer and see if it works. Proxy in Ubuntu works weirdly. I have had a hell lot of problems in the past few weeks getting it to work. NOw everything works without a hitch.

One more thing, if by any chance this highlighted feature in the screenshot below of the vpn connection config is enabled, i have seen , you dont get internet. Try unchecking this option.


As Byte Commander already pointed to, the answer is quite easy, there are very simple explanations about creating indicators, as e.g. this one in Python, but there are many more e.g. in C, C# etc as you can read here


where are the screen resolution settings on KDE

Yes, something is wrong. This window is supposed to host at least two tabs, and resolution settings are on another tab.
This will show you what KCM modules are present.

kcmshell4 hardware --list

The one called kcm_kscreen must be present. May be you should reinstall kscreen package

sudo apt-get install --reinstall kscreen


I ended up rebooting, and nothing was broken; it just hadn't been doing anything at all; the resize failed. Next time you're wondering what is happening, these points might help.

Check the log of the partitioner (e.g. /var/log/partman), maybe you can understand enough (although I didn't this time)
If you think something is happening, remember that resizing partitions takes ages, especially shrinking, and FAT32 (but also other files ystems)
What is the output of lsblk? Just like the original scheme? Or different?
How I decided it wasn't doing anything: Can you hear the hard disk working (or see the HDD LED blinking)? When resizing a partition, it should be working constantly. If, after half an hour, you still don't see any major disk activity, it isn't doing anything
Last point: Use GParted to partition. It generally works much better than anything else, gives you output, and is to be recommended.

I hope this helps anyone who is in my (ex-)situation.


Rhythmbox - won't play .wav files off of some newer CDs

Rhythmbox uses gstreamer to play music. The ASF demuxer is provided by the gstreamer "ugly" plugins.

First, run the following commands to enable the universe and multiverse repositories:

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo add-apt-repository multiverse

Next, run the following commands to install the ASF demuxer and the restricted extras package:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly


When you are prompted to update, click 'details':

There, you can uncheck the items you don't want to update.


My USB driver was not shown in the virtualbox (WIN10)

It happens because by default we don't have user entry for Virtualbox.
We can solve this by running the command in terminal-
$ sudo adduser $USER vboxusers

This will definitely solve your problem.
:)


No, shared folders from other users do not affect your own usage quota. However, if you give someone else write access to a share you offer to them, they can put files in it, which will affect your quota (as you own the share).


How can I control access of mounted files to other accounts?

You'll need to use UNIX-style permissions to restrict what accounts can read the file.  If you go to the folders in Nautilus, right click, select Properties, and go to the Permissions tab.  Remove any permissions other than Owner and click "Apply Permissions to Enclosed Files".  Then only the owner (should be you, if you mounted the filesystems) can read the files.


How to reset whole a appearance (Gnome)?

I assume you have used Gnome Tweaks. To reset everything you have made, open the gnome tweaks, and select from the menu:

  Reset to Defaults


Does Ubuntu have problems with identifying two monitors?

So, about 2 years later...

This was a bug on Chromium webdriver, which was fixed at v83.
No more problems on Google Hangouts, Jist, and others that are based on this driver.

More details at https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=437507


Mouse wheel in Ubuntu for Windows not working

Assuming no mechanical problems with the mouse wheel, scrolling terminal output with a mouse wheel should work in any Ubuntu terminal session.  This includes viewing files with less and more.

How Ubuntu for Windows is handled by Win10 would probably be best answered by Microsoft Support.  Based on the results of your testing I'm guessing that mouse wheel support is limited in that environment.


Are my permissions correct for sharing files with Windows?

From your question I understand that you are facing problem with File Permissions.

As you have said, /sda2 and /sdb1 are both ntfs file systems.

NTFS file systems don't support the concept of file permissions.

Refer this post for more details.

This is the reason you are facing problems with file permissions in /sda2 and /sdb1 partitions.


Create a symbolic link

If you have the file /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.55.0

64-bit

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.55.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.46.1

32-bit

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.55.0 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.46.1

If you have the file /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.54.0

64-bit

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.54.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.46.1

32-bit

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.54.0 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.46.1

Alternative

Download and install the packages from here.


My version of that wallpaper looks equally distorted ;-) Do not worry: that is not your computer failing. That background is designed like that.


Assuming no other field in the output includes a /, and no directory or filename contains a newline, you could do:

hdfs dfs -ls | grep '^d' | cut -d/ -f3

The grep command selects lines that begin with d, marking directories
the cut commend then picks the third field separated by / (the first being the info until the file path, the second the directory name data)

Awk alternative:

hdfs dfs -ls | awk -F/ '/^d/{print $3}'


I got it working for me on Ubuntu 20.04, but the steps probably will not be different on 18.04
You might want to undo your barrier.service first then do the following

Get a working setup using keyboard and mouse at your client Ubuntu, note down [name of your client/screen]
Open terminal and get the full cli commands equivalent of current working setup without using configure file i.e. run "ps aux | grep barrier"

user@hp-eo800-g1-aio-u:~$ ps aux | grep barrier
user        1278  0.0  0.1  98896 10256 ?        Sl   Nov16   0:29 /usr/bin/barrierc -f --no-tray --debug INFO --name [name of your client/screen] --enable-crypto --log /var/log/barrier.log [SERVER IP ADDRESS]:24800
user       14737  0.0  0.0   9036   668 pts/0    S+   09:41   0:00 grep --color=auto barrier
user@hp-eo800-g1-aio-u:~$

Notice the last part of ps output, that'd the full command with all parameters you need run your Ubuntu as a client, copy it

/usr/bin/barrierc -f --no-tray --debug INFO --name [name of your client/screen] --enable-crypto --log /var/log/barrier.log [SERVER IP ADDRESS]:24800

Create a new entry in the Startup Applications Preferences
New entry in Startup Applications Preferences and paste the command to Command section as seen in attached screen cap
Reboot now to test that it will auto kick off as your Desktop manager is brought up.


getting usb 2.0 running in virtualbox 4.3

The VirtualBox Version & Extension can be downloaded from the same place at https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

The Extension shows as VirtualBox 4.3.16 Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack where 4.3.16 is simply the latest version.

There are 2 ways to install it, you either Open VirtualBox and it will tell you that it is missing the Extension, followed by an option to download it. Another is downloading the Extension  from the link provided, opening VirtualBox, going to the main menu and selecting File - Preferences. You can also press after opening VirtualBox CTRL+G.

From there go to Extension and simply click on the Add button, find the downloaded extension file which corresponds to the VirtualBox version you are using and add it.

Note that BEFORE adding the extension I recommend adding your user to the vboxusers group which is created after installing VirtualBox.

sudo usermod -aG vboxusers USERNAME

Adding yourself to the vboxusers in combination with the VirtualBox Extension will give you full USB support.


No wireless after ugrade from 11.10 to 12.04

I suggest, with a temporary working internet connection:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree
sudo modprobe b43

Detach the temporary connection and let us hear your results.


No window border/decoration when unity activated in virtualbox/ubuntu 18.04

So, here is a solution that worked for me. ubuntu 18.04 on virtualbox with 3D acceleration (on windows 10 host).
Step to reproduce :

install virtualbox 5.2.8
install ubuntu 18.04 from official CD image (I choose the minimal install at startup)
install build-essential and ubuntu-unity-desktop
reboot
install virtualbox guest extension from the virtualbox menu (not the apt-get version, maybe it works, did not test it).
reboot
????
Profit !

I don't know if it worked this time because I installed unity before the guest extension or because I use the guest extension provided by virtualbox and not from the repo.

It would seem it works with unity because unity does not use X11 and virtualbox does not support X11 very well ? (not sure about that part though, lots of other thread read, I might be a bit confused)


How to recover dual boot of two Ubuntu 15.10 systems?

The following fixed it: help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair.
I'd still like to know why it broke. I don't see why an fsarchiver partition restore should lose the grub menu. Anyway boot-repair is quite quick.


How to make TrackPoint and TouchPad work together 18.04

After much fussing about attempting to configure libinput drivers, the desired behaviour returned by installing the older synaptic driver (Ubuntu 18.04 appears to ship with the new libinput drivers) and rebooting the machine.

libinput drivers:
xserver-xorg-input-libinput

synaptics (deprecated?):
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics


Running xrandr to change refresh rate resets Gnome display scaling to 100%

After searching and trying some more I found a solution:

Manually enabling HiDpi support as explained in https://wiki.gnome.org/HowDoI/HiDpi with

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings overrides "[{'Gdk/WindowScalingFactor', <2>}]"

and then setting the scaling-factor to 2 with

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface scaling-factor 2

in a Terminal (without sudo) will force Gnome to use 200% scaling. Running Xrandr will not reset it anymore.

The downsides are:

Changing the scaling from the Ubuntu Settings GUI doesn't work anymore
Gnome will always use 200% scaling by default, even if you connect a 1080p monitor because it disables Gnomes auto-selection based on the display DPI.

Both are things I can live with, since I use it as a HTPC with only my TV connected.


How to Limit Connections to 1 connect on 5 seconds? (IPTABLES)

Using connlimit and limit module:

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --syn -i eth0 --dport 12871:12881 -m connlimit --connlimit-above 1 --connlimit-mask 24 -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset
sudo iptables -A INPUT --dport 12871:12881 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -m limit --limit 12/minute --limit-burst 1 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 12871:12881 -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m recent --set
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 12871:12881 -i eth0 -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -m recent --update --seconds 5 --hitcount 1 -j DROP

Then apply new rules:

sudo iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4

Install persistent iptables package:

sudo apt install iptables-persistent
sudo service netfilter-persistent reload

Note:

Change interface name to yours
Add your port range
This appends to existing rule, so you may use -I to place these rules at the front.


why does Chromium show version 18 even after an update?

Try sudo apt-get purge chromium-browser then sudo apt-get install chromium-browser and then try again.


Is it safe to remove "proposed" from sources.list?

Yes, it is safe to remove the -proposed pocket.

By default, apt won't downgrade your packages. However, when there is a newer version in any other pocket/repo, apt will upgrade the package to that version.

As it is, -proposed has a lower priority than the other pockets (-proposed has a priority of 400, while most other things have a priority of 500), so I believe you would have to explicitly request a package from this pocket for -apt to use this pocket.

EDIT: The -proposed pocket is not by default a lesser priority than the other pockets (see here on setting it as a lower priority). Therefore, if you enabled -proposed, your packages will be from this pocket.


What is the difference between GNOME, KDE, Xfce and LXDE?

Unity is a nice 3D desktop environment designed for good performance on recent hardware. Unity is a graphical shell for the GNOME desktop environment. In 17.10 and later the Ubuntu Desktop uses GNOME as the default desktop environment instead of Unity.
KDE is an alternative lighter weight desktop environment to Ubuntu's default interface. Plasma is the default desktop interface for KDE. It includes an application launcher (start menu), the desktop and the desktop panel (often referred to simply as the task bar).
Xfce is a lightweight 2D desktop environment designed for better performance on older hardware.
LXDE is a minimalistic desktop environment, somewhat like Windows XP in look and feel. It is designed to run on legacy hardware which requires a desktop environment that has minimal system requirements.

For screenshots and information about the comparative system requirements of different desktop environments refer to How do I find out which version and derivative of Ubuntu is right for my hardware in terms of minimal system requirements?.


Playonlinux Steam Black Screen -- update

I had the exact same issue. I found an easy fix for me:

Instead of putting the "no cef sandbox..." in the Arguments field, just type:

wine steam.exe -no-browser +open steam://open/minigameslist

That did the trick for me! Hope it works for you too.


instaling matplotlib for python 2.7 in Ubuntu 20.04

To install python-matplotlib on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS you have to download packages from 18.04 LTS with commands below:
cd ~/Downloads
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/python-cycler/python-cycler_0.10.0-1_all.deb
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/m/matplotlib/python-matplotlib_2.1.1-2ubuntu3_amd64.deb

sudo apt-get install ./python-matplotlib_2.1.1-2ubuntu3_amd64.deb ./python-cycler_0.10.0-1_all.deb


Live USB, mount second partition on same device

The problem is that /dev/sda contains /dev/sda2. This would be a severe
obstacle if both should be mounted as read-write filesystems.
But in your case the ISO 9660 in /dev/sda (also in /dev/sda1) is read-only.
So there will be no fighting of filesystems.

The normally correct way to have both filesystems mounted would be to
umount /dev/sda and to mount /dev/sda1 instead. It does not overlap with
/dev/sda2. So mount(8) will perceive no problem

But if the running system depends on files in the ISO 9660 filesystem,
it might not be possible to umount it.
In this case there remains the backdoor of using a loop device like
/dev/loop0. Such a device is based on a data file or block device file.
It acts as block device. See man losetup(8) for details.

mount(8) offers the convenience option "loop". So this should work although
/dev/sda is already mounted:

mount -o loop /dev/sda2 /your/mount/directory

Luckily mount(8) is too stupid to recognize the overlapping although it
then lists the partition device as mounted rather than the loop device.

/dev/sdc on /mnt/iso type iso9660 (ro,relatime)
/dev/sdc2 on /mnt/fat type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=utf8,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)

So this trick might cease to work in future ... :(
(But maybe it also gets smart enough to recognize that the overlapping
is harmless.)


Cannot see the Grub screen/Ubuntu login after installing Ubuntu alongside Windows 7 on Asus U47A Laptop

Here is what worked for me:

So, Windows was installed in EFI mode. The Asus BIOS supported both the legacy boot and UEFI boot. So, the aim was to install both Ubuntu and WIndows in the same boot mode. There are instructions to install Ubuntu in UEFI mode but I was not feeling confident to take that approach. So, I took the latter one and dual booted Windows and Ubuntu in legacy mode.

Warning: You will format your entire computer. So, make sure to make the back up discs and take the necessary back up. If GPT partitioning or UEFI boot is important to you, then this method is not for you!

Steps:-
1. Go into BIOS and disable UEFI. Save settings and restart and go into BIOS again.

If somewhere there is a setting to delete boot options then delete all the boot options.  Else skip this step. Even though I am pretty sure that you cannot delete CD/DVD from boot option but if you can then don’t do it. Save all settings and restart and go into BIOS again.
Put your windows DVD in the optical drive.
Somewhere (mostly on the last tab of your BIOS if it’s an Asus laptop) you will find an option for boot override. Select your DVD drive and press enter. Remember that this boot over ride option should NOT contain UEFI in it’s name.
You will now boot from windows DVD non-UEFI mode.
During windows installation select “custom install” and then delete all existing partitions on your harddisk. Create partition for windows. When creating this partition windows will automatically make another small partition of about 100MB size as system reserved. Leave the rest of the unallocated space for now. We will take care of that space while installing Ubuntu. Install windows now.
Now even after deleting all the partitions , there will be still some GPT data left on the hard drive. As, long as you don't remove it, Ubuntu won't recognize your windows installation. So use a utility called 'fixparts' and delete all the GPT data.
Once that is done put your Ubuntu CD in the drive and boot from it again.
During installation of Ubuntu select the option “do something else” and create a primary partition for Ubuntu.
Now after creating partition for Ubuntu click on the rest of the unallocated space and click on create new partition again. But this time selected extended partition.
Once you create extended partition you should be able to see all your unallocated space in a sub menu under this newly created extended partition. In this unallocated space you make rest of your partitions like linux-swap (necessary for linux to work efficiently and for hibernate to work correctly) and other partitions for your data.
Make sure that the bootloader device is sda without any partition number after it.
Proceed with installation. If everything goes well you should be able to dual boot to both Ubuntu and Windows.

Note:-
For hibernation/trackpad/other issues , I suggest running Kernel 3.5 or above as it includes a lot of fixes. Also, intel rc6 graphics power saving option was disabled by default for me. So, enabling it boosted battery life by 2 hours!!

I hope this helps someone.

Big thanks to Bhaismachine and Rod smith for their help!!


Logitech Marble Mouse lags in Ubuntu Studio 18.04

The effect you are describing may be dependent on the resolution of the screen. I have found that for a high resolution screen, I need to scroll more as well.
Two settings:

Acceleration to max. This can be set in gnome config, or via xinput set-prop "Logitech USB Trackball" 328 1.0 or via the equivalent in xorg conf, in general, I use the following /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-libinput.conf

Section "InputClass"
     Identifier "Marble Mouse"
     MatchProduct "Logitech USB Trackball"
     Driver "libinput"
     Option "ScrollMethod" "button"
     Option "ScrollButton" "8"
     Option "AccelSpeed" "1"
     # Option "TransformationMatrix" "2.4 0 0 0 2.4 0 0 0 1"
EndSection

as I also want scrolling with wheel by clicking on the left small button. The commented TransformationMatrix allows to skip pixels and move faster, but I prefer to change the DPI as below instead.

Set a custom DPI through /etc/udev/hwdb.d/71-mouse-local.hwdb

# Logitech Marble Mouse
#id obtained by: mouse-dpi-tool  /dev/input/event4
mouse:usb:v046dpc408:name:Logitech USB Trackball:
# keep space below
 MOUSE_DPI=100@125

and then udevadm hwdb --update, udevadm control --reload-rules && udevadm trigger and unplug, plug mouse.
The DPI of 100 may be too sensitive for some, you could replace by 200@125.
In your case, the id is likely v04d9p1400, you probably need to check with mouse-dpi-tool.


The message says that you have enabled a PPA that is no longer proving packages for your new version of Ubuntu 20.04.
This can happen when you setup a PPA for Ubuntu 18.04, then upgrade your Ubuntu, and that PPA has no longer packages for the new version of Ubuntu (in this case, focal or Ubuntu 20.04).
Although the message says that the IP address is no found, the real issue is that the PPA has no support for Ubuntu 20.04.
When you remove a PPA, you need to take care of what happens with the orphan packages. Because those orphan packages will stay there and likely never get updated again.
In your specific case with grub-customizer, we can see from https://launchpad.net/grub-customizer/+packages that the package has actually been added as an official package to the newer versions of Ubuntu (starting from Ubuntu 19.04). That is, it is a case where a package, grub-customizer, has been promoted from a PPA to appear in Ubuntu for everyone to use.
Therefore, in your case, use the GUI tool to disable this specific PPA. Then, perform a package update and a package upgrade. Finally, verify the version of the grub-customizer package.
Here are the commands if you do not use the graphical interface,
$ sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ apt policy grub-customizer
grub-customizer:
  Installed: 5.1.0-2
  Candidate: 5.1.0-2
  Version table:
 *** 5.1.0-2 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
$

You should get the version 5.1.0-2 as I do above.


Canon Pixma MG5650 Printer on Ubuntu 32bit

OK, it was easier than I thought. Rather than trying the hard way, by seeking to download a driver before connecting the printer to the laptop, I ended up simply plugging it all together, and going through "System settings" at screen top right. It found what it needed for itself, when guided to "Canon MG 5600 series", and now seems to be talking to the printer.
Serves me right for not just trusting it to sort itself out!


how to see what went wrong ("There was a problem.. report it)

It's a bug. I assume that you're using 19.04. Once you report a crash, it should clean up the crash files so that you don't see the same crash dialog again.

While viewing the crash dialog, you can flip down the details arrow to get the technical information about what went wrong.

Once you've reported it, to stop the repeats, we clear out the obsolete crash files, in terminal, type:

cd /var/crash # change directories

ls -al # see the various crash logs

sudo rm *.crash # delete obsolete crash files