The difficult method ...

You download all the DEB installers from the official packages site with all its dependencies and then install them with the command dpkg.

r-base lists (all links point to vivid; if you use another release change the URLs)...

Depends:

r-base-core (>= 3.1.2-2) GNU R core of statistical computation and graphics system
r-recommended (= 3.1.2-2)
    GNU R collection of recommended packages [metapackage]

Recommends

r-base-html
    GNU R html docs for statistical computing system functions
r-doc-html
    GNU R html manuals for statistical computing system

Suggests

ess
    Emacs mode for statistical programming and data analysis
r-doc-info or r-doc-pdf
    GNU R info or pdf manuals statistical computing system

You will need to drill down all the "depends" though.

An easier method ...

When your install "r" with the following 2 commands (you can also use a mirror for the latest release):

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install r-base

... that system will install all files related to "r" on that system but they will also remain on your system in /var/cache/apt/archives. All you need is to copy them over and install them on the other machine.

Problem here can be that this system already has something installed that the other systems do not yet have...

The command dpkg can be used to install separate DEBs with

dpkg -i {packagename1} {packagename2} {packagename3} {packagename4}


Will "linux-image-grsec" be present on Ubuntu 16.04?

Canonical will not support that kernel, but it still can be installed.

linux-grsec-base package is already included in Ubuntu Xenial repositories.

It can be installed by

sudo apt install linux-grsec-base

http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/linux-grsec-base


How to configure standard Files to work with samba shared folder with authentication

I found that it works out of the box. My issue was in incorrect uri. Files shows dialog with authentication.


How can I force WiFi connection to only use ipv4?

yes, you can set using ipv6 in menu system -> preferences -> network connection. Choose which connection you want to use without ipv6, then click edit, go to tab ipv6 settings and choose method ignore.

( this doesnt cover situations when you have some ipv6 tunnel enabled )


Is battery life affected with dual boot?

Your battery itself doesn't care if you have installed 1,2,3 or X operating systems on your disks.

You might realize that some operating system is taking/using more or less power when active then another operating system (again when active) which is expected behaviour as each operating system is different

Battery consumption is related on the one side how software is using hardware (using drivers) and on the other side what the user is doing with the software.

Example: gaming 3D games might consume more power then modifying a html document.


Ubuntu 18.04. - Desktop icons are missing in flashback metacity when dragged from menu to desktop

I had the same problem with missing icons. My solution was to run the Tweaks programm. Under "Appearance" the is an option for "Icons". Choose different icon options until all icons appear again. In my case, choosing "Ubuntu-mono-dark" brought all icons back.


As noted, this is a known bug that has now been fixed. You can fix this with the following:

sudo rm -f /var/lib/ubuntu-release-upgrader/release-upgrade-available
sudo /etc/update-motd.d/91-release-upgrade


It was solved by adding "dynamic_title: false" to alacritty.yml


MAAS for old hardware and Ubuntu for video production

MAAS can help you to provision your machines, i.e you can power on/off, install OS e.g Ubuntu on your machines. To install the programs that you listed should be possible using juju charms. You might have to write a charm that installs the packages on machines.

MAAS documentation

Juju documentation


You can use the Archive Manager to zip the file and password protect the zip file.

That is probably the closest thing to right clicking and entering a password that you describe.

To do this right click on the file and choose "Compress" then choose zip as the archive type and in "Other options" you have the option to enter a password.

This is simple to do and stops the problem of someone mounting the file system from a live CD and getting the file that way.

Also you can easily email the file or copy to USB stick, etc without having to worry about having the means to unencrypt the files at the other end, you just need the password.


Webcam not detected on Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04 with Lenovo X1 Carbon 7th gen

Following this post, I entered BIOS at startup by pressing Enter at the splash Lenovo screen.  I did not find a specific config for the webcam, so instead I reset all the start up configs to factory settings.  (By pressing F6 or F9 or similar within the bios settings - it was an option at the bottom of the screen.)
I restarted my laptop and the camera was back!
If that doesn't work, re-installing webcam drivers from the Lenovo website is another option.
Hope this helps other people.


Apple iSight webcams require special firmware. Install the isight-firmware-tools package, and follow it's instructions.

There's some more documentation on that here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MactelSupportTeam/AppleiSight


To upgrade single package in terminal:

sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install maven

To Install downloaded package of maven apache-maven-3.1.1-bin.tar.gz

cd ~/Downloads
wget http://apache.mirrors.timporter.net/maven/maven-3/3.1.1/binaries/apache-maven-3.1.1-bin.tar.gz

sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/apache-maven
sudo mv apache-maven-3.1.1-bin.tar.gz /usr/local/apache-maven
cd /usr/local/apache-maven
sudo tar -xzvf apache-maven-3.1.1-bin.tar.gz

Edit  ~/.profile with gedit ~/.profile and add these four lines:

export M2_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven/apache-maven-3.1.1
export M2=$M2_HOME/bin
export MAVEN_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx512m"
export PATH=$M2:$PATH

don't forget to execute following command to have the update without restarting the machine

 source ~/.profile


Problems upgrading dual-boot Win7/12.10 to 13.04

OK, panic over. After I did the GParted check (and clicked on the check button) it took a couple of minutes to check and found no problems. Rebooting gave me the same errors as before. So using the installation USB stick I went into "Try Ubuntu" and then clicked on the Install Ubuntu icon.

I followed the installation (it's simple as you know) until the point where it asked whether I wanted to erase, install alongside or do something else. I clicked "Something else". I found my Ubuntu partition (which was actually discovered as being 13.04, so I guess the upgrade must have been mostly done) and adjusted it so that it had the mount point "/" - but DID NOT check the format box, prayed for a moment and pressed "continue".

The installation I think goes much faster from a USB stick than a DVD, and the longest step was about 10 minutes at the end when it said something like "updating previously installed packages".

Sure enough my Ubuntu is back with my customizations and installed apps all here. Hooray! The day is saved.

Now all I need to do is get into Win7 and run EasyBCD to set up the boot so my kids stay in Win7...

Hope this helps someone - you CAN reinstall Ubuntu without wiping your stuff, even if you don't have a separate /home partition.


Ahhhh this is interesting.  I am strictly hardware and not into Ubuntu (except for however it may intersect with KiCad.)  I use an old Logitech trackball.  My main (select) click is a right click. It recently began double clicking when only a single was intended.   Adjusting double click speed in Windows 10 did not help.  About a week ago I built a simple debounce circuit and connected it inside my trackball.  Seems to fix the problem.


Lock screen has changed to an old design

light-locker is necessary if you would like to have the original lock screen that Ubuntu 14.04 came with. You can install from repositories:

sudo apt-get install light-locker


No Terminal in Unity after faild upgrade from Ubuntu 19.04 to 19.10

I solved my own question with this answer:

Unable to login after upgrading to 19.10 from 19.04

I had to disable "Auto Login" and then the screens were normal again.

To summarize the link:

sudo -H gedit /etc/gdm/custom.conf

and commented out these lines (by placing a # in front):

AutomaticLoginEnable=True
AutomaticLogin=username


What does rc, in bashrc, nanorc stand for?

I've heard

run commands
resource control
run control
runtime configuration

Personally, I'd go with run control, because ESR says so.

http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/taoup/html/ch10s03.html

His footnote says:

 The ‘rc’ suffix goes back to Unix's grandparent, CTSS.
 It had a command-script feature called "runcom". Early
 Unixes used ‘rc’ for the name of the operating system's
 boot script, as a tribute to CTSS runcom.

Wikipedia chooses "run commands" as the default long-form, but admits that context should determine word choice.

 While not historically precise, rc may also be pronou-
 nced as "run control", because an rc file controls how
 a program runs. For instance, the editor Vim looks for
 and reads the contents of the .vimrc file to determine
 its initial configuration. The most sensible pronunci-
 ation depends on the function of the file: to start
 something up, or to control how something starts up.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_Commands


Boot is slow and grub menu is ugly? Just dealt with a broken install.

Of course Ubuntu takes longer to boot. By definition, an HDD is slower than an SSD. And even if you didn't have Ubuntu on an SSD before, newer versions of Ubuntu take slightly longer to boot compared to older versions. Just compare the boot times from MSDOS to Windows 10: the newer version is slower.

At 17 seconds for a boot time, you really don't have a problem, and certainly nothing to complain about.


How do you open downloaded files in general?

To run a jar file, you need Java runtime, either the openjdk version or the official oracle version. The file can be opened with the standard archive manager, which can handle most common archives except for .rar files.


Why does an error box with "Virtual Disk Manager | Access is denied." appear when I try to delete Ubuntu partitions?

Did you unmount the drive? Check for that. If that isn't the problem, here's how I'd do it.

In windows there is a command line utility called diskpart. It allows you to manage drives.
Go to your command prompt and type in diskpart and give it permission.
Type list disk and find the drive by its size.
Type select disk- whatever disk number it is.
Now you can use clean to wipe the whole drive. If it gives you an error, go to detail disk and select volume and a volume number. Now you can use clean. MAKE SURE YOU HAVE SELECTED THE CORRECT DRIVE!!!
You may want to create partition primary; assign letter with the letter you want the drive to be; and active. You should have successfully cleaned your hard drive. Comment with any issues you may have.

In Ubuntu, I use gparted. You can change permissions with chmod and maybe even delete them with a terminal with sudo. Sorry, not a linux expert yet, but that's what I'd do. :)


What's the difference between PREROUTING and FORWARD in iptables?

NAT Table:

  This table should only be used for NAT (Network Address Translation) on different packets. In other words, it should only be used to translate the packet's source field or destination field.

Filter Table:

  The filter table is mainly used for filtering packets. We can match packets and filter them in whatever way we want. This is the place that we actually take action against packets and look at what they contain and DROP or /ACCEPT them, depending on their content. Of course we may also do prior filtering; however, this particular table is the place for which filtering was designed.

In Traversing of tables and chains we can see that filter's FORWARD chain is traversed only by forwarded packets (packets that come from network AND go out to network), i.e. your computer is acting like a router, while nat's PREROUTING chain is traversed by both forwarded packets and packets whose destination is the local host.

You should use nat's PREROUTING only to change the destination address of the packets and filter's FORWARD only for filtering (dropping/accepting packets).

  If we get a packet into the first routing decision that is not destined for the local machine itself, it will be routed through the FORWARD chain. If the packet is, on the other hand, destined for an IP address that the local machine is listening to, we would send the packet through the INPUT chain and to the local machine.

  Packets may be destined for the local machine, but the destination address may be changed within the PREROUTING chain by doing NAT. Since this takes place before the first routing decision, the packet will be looked upon after this change. Because of this, the routing may be changed before the routing decision is done. Do note, that all packets will be going through one or the other path in this image. If you DNAT a packet back to the same network that it came from, it will still travel through the rest of the chains until it is back out on the network.


If you're using a separate wireless mouse try unplugging the usb dongle and plugging it back in.  That has worked for me.


Can I download Ubuntu 'Lite' - just the core?

Ubuntu Minimal CD here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD

See: http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/minimal (icewm)
and: http://wiki.dennyhalim.com/ubuntu-minimal-desktop (fluxbox) (his one line "quickstart" is good)

Ubuntu Repositories in Debian will create problems, if they will load at all!!!

For minimum Debian look at: http://auriza.site40.net/notes/debian/xfce-minimal-installation/ (obviously xfce)
and: http://stray-notes.blogspot.com/2010/11/debian-minimal-install-xfce4.html (also xfce)


apt-mirror uses port 21 [courtesy of ProFTPd] (all ports below 1024 require root), and stores information in /etc, /var, or /opt. As none of these locations are user-writable, sudo is required.

You may be able to get away by making apt-mirror store to a place you have write-access to, such as /home/$USER/.local-repo. sudo will still be needed to install programs from your mirror, though.

ProFTPd runs as a daemon, so you won't need to worry about that.


FFmpeg In Ubuntu 20.04 with Nvidia Gpu Acceleration

Start by finding whether the graphics-card is working properly in your system by typing the following command nvidia-smi. If that command gave a proper output
you can use hardware acceleration without any other third-party plugins.


How can I actually change my "Power Management" settings?

Workaround

Caffeine is a program that does what you want power management to-do.

You can install caffeine by adding the ppa. you can do that in

System --> administration --> Update manager --> settings --> then tap the "other sources" tab --> add

ppa:caffeine-developers/ppa

And now press the reload button.

or you can do it in a terminal:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:caffeine-developers/ppa
sudo apt-get update

Then install caffeine by typing in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install caffeine

Power mangament

But you could also try to set the Power management settings as system default by pressing "make default", that worked for me in 11.04 and 10.04.1.


Ubuntu Touch running on Android Emulator

There are several resources how to run CyanogenMod on the Android Emulator. So this is definitely possible and the effort seems to be reasonable. Also there are many people already working on solutions how to port the existing Ubuntu Touch to other real devices. In the same way would be a port to the Android Emulator work as well.

Resources:

Android SDK Emulator Compile CyanogenMod (Linux)

Build CyanogenMod for use on the Android Emulator

Touch Developer Preview - Porting Guide


Cannot open gnome-terminal preferences window

I figured it out!

It turns out my gnome-terminal was somehow outdated, even after running apt-get upgrade several times. I found this out by running apt search gnome-terminal, which gave me the following output:

$ apt search gnome-terminal
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
gnome-terminal/vivid 3.14.2-0ubuntu3 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.6.2-0ubuntu1]
  GNOME terminal emulator application

So I followed with apt-get install gnome-terminal which also updated its dependencies. I also still have a lot of outdated packages, I hope I'll be able to figure those ones out as a simple apt-get upgrade does not help there.


Install php-fpm 5.6 on Ubuntu Xenial (16.04)

Once you've added the additional repository

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

run

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install php5.6-fpm


Shell script to get list of accessed URLs
http://mkeadle.org/squid/squidwatch.sh

Block on the fly (didn't check)
http://mkeadle.org/squid/squidmanage.sh


CPU control is done via inbuilt intel_pstate thats in the kernel. This effectively controls the CPU power as per need basis. Apart from that TLP as suggested above will help you optimize your system as per the power source. In battery mode it goes on saving mode and turns off turbo on CPU. In power mode all power saving optimizations are turned off. Power4Gear basically would run the CPU at full frequency under Windows. No need for that as Intel's own pstate takes care of that well.


From the wiki page on the -proposed repository:

  To enable the proposed archive for Ubuntu 11.04 go to Applications→Ubuntu Software Center→Edit→Software Sources→Updates and ensure that natty-proposed is ticked.

Those directions map well to recent Ubuntu releases such as 10.10, 10.04, 9.10, etc.

Here are recent pictures from 12.04.


You need to take note that the network is not attached to "eth0" which is where it should normally be attached.

Try running ifconfig enp2s0 down then ifconfig enp2s0 up then check the status ifconfig enp2s0 you can verify that is has the right network details

Also, if that didn't work. Try to manually assign ip address to eth0 to  isolate the issue

ifconfig eth0 172.29.70.31 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.29.70.255
ifconfig eth0 up

Last thing is to check if it is routing correctly.

route -n


Having Issues Locating my Data Partiton in WINE

The location of the wine HDD:

~/.wine/drive_c

for example, to run Evernote:

wine /home/tim/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files\ \(x86\)/Evernote/Evernote/Evernote.exe

Note the \ before the spaces and brackets.

The reason you can't see the folder is because it has a . before it, so it is hidden. In nautilus, to do that you press Ctrl+H.


Is any personal or sensitive data collected as part of the Smart Scopes Server?

The short answer is no.

Thes Smart Scopes Server collects aggregated statistics related to search queries and doesn’t collect any data to identify any user. Only the search query is stored on the server.

Users are not tracked in any way: there isn't a notion of anyone’s search history and queries and feedback cannot be correlated to a user. As a consequence, Smart Scopes search results are not personalized. If collecting anonymous search queries is still a concern, any scope or entire communication with Smart Scopes Server can be easily disabled via the user’s Privacy Settings dialog.

If a scope requires personal information to work (such as account information) then it will only be able to run on the client but never on the server.

The Smart Scopes spec contains information about all the data that is sent to the server.


What GUI are there for Axel or for other such downloaders that use multiple connections?

Try flareGet.  Flareget is a full featured, multi-threaded and multi-segment download manager and accelerator.

To install click FlareGet

Or download from Flareget.

The app in the Ubuntu apps directory

Ubuntu Software Center show that app.  I don't know why it shows a Buy button, but I clicked on it, put in my email and password, and it allowed me to download without paying a dime.

Here is an image of the app installed.


If you want to keep shadows on windows but remove them from the panel,

Install compizconfig-settings-manager

you can use go to Window decoration

and set Shadow windows to (any) & !(type=Dock).


Please turn off secure boot using mokutil. Mine had the same problem but got it working by disabling secure boot.


Vmware : Enable Drag and Drop files and folder between virtual machine and host

I found a solution :

Reinstall Vmware-Tools and , that will uninstall the old installation .

Then restart your machine .


I have the same symptoms on 16.04.1 LTS, since yesterday.

Seems like you have no choice but to long-press the power button. Start the computer again, and it shouldshow the Grub menu.

On the "Ubuntu" line, press your keyboard's e key to edit the startup command. (In my experience every few times you do this, pressing e has no effect or just jumps to the last line. In that case just reboot and try again.)

In the editor that appeared, at the end of the linux line, add nomodeset (to waste less time go down to the next line then press your keyboard's left arrow).

Press F10 to reboot.

In my experience (limited to 5 times so far) it most often does not work the first time, so repeat the procedure until it works, it may take 4 times. Sometimes it just worked like this, sometimes I tried booting the recovery kernel (same linux kernel version) which got stuck then rebooted again then did the nomodeset trick again then it worked, not sure if that helped or not.


How to find the size of internal routing table efficiently?

Here is an alternative to using /proc/net/route for finding the number of route entries on your machine:

One can obtain this information by polling the machine's SNMP MIB table:

snmpwalk -v 2c -c <YourSNMPString> <YourIPAddress> 1.3.6.1.2.1.4.21

RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteDest.0.0.0.0 = IpAddress: 0.0.0.0
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteDest.169.254.0.0 = IpAddress: 169.254.0.0
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteDest.192.168.1.0 = IpAddress: 192.168.1.0
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteIfIndex.0.0.0.0 = INTEGER: 2
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteIfIndex.169.254.0.0 = INTEGER: 2
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteIfIndex.192.168.1.0 = INTEGER: 2
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteMetric1.0.0.0.0 = INTEGER: 1
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteMetric1.169.254.0.0 = INTEGER: 0
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteMetric1.192.168.1.0 = INTEGER: 0
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteNextHop.0.0.0.0 = IpAddress: 192.168.1.1
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteNextHop.169.254.0.0 = IpAddress: 0.0.0.0
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteNextHop.192.168.1.0 = IpAddress: 0.0.0.0
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteType.0.0.0.0 = INTEGER: indirect(4)
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteType.169.254.0.0 = INTEGER: direct(3)
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteType.192.168.1.0 = INTEGER: direct(3)
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteProto.0.0.0.0 = INTEGER: local(2)
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteProto.169.254.0.0 = INTEGER: local(2)
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteProto.192.168.1.0 = INTEGER: local(2)
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteMask.0.0.0.0 = IpAddress: 0.0.0.0
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteMask.169.254.0.0 = IpAddress: 255.255.0.0
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteMask.192.168.1.0 = IpAddress: 255.255.255.0
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteInfo.0.0.0.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::zeroDotZero
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteInfo.169.254.0.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::zeroDotZero
RFC1213-MIB::ipRouteInfo.192.168.1.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::zeroDotZero

In the previous example, you will be interested in the last three lines of output.

Or, you could run the following command to obtain only the count of your system's routing table entries:

snmpwalk -v 2c -c <YourSNMPString> <YourIPAddress> 1.3.6.1.2.1.4.21 | grep  "ipRouteInfo" | wc -l which will return a value of 3 in this particular case.

If you are more comfortable with a GUI interface for gathering this information, I would recommend using SNMPb to query your MIBs:

If one is interested in only looking at the route cache, and not simply the number of entries in your table, one can determine the size of the route cache with the following command:

dmesg | grep -i 'IP route cache'

This command should return output similar to the following:

[0.213066] IP route cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)

If one is looking for a time incremented count of the route cache entries, I would recommend using the following command:

lnstat -s1 -i1 -c-1 -f rt_cache

You can modify the the update interval as you see fit and then pipe the output to a file for easy manipulation (see also Tuning Linux IPv4 route cache for more details). The rt_cache entry column would be useful if you are maintaining a dynamic routing table on your machine and want to track the route table fluctuation(due to flapping, route withdrawal, etc).

This is based upon the default maximum size of the IPv4 and IPv6 tables, which  you can obtain by using the following command:

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv{4,6}/route/max_size

The default routing table size for IPv4 and IPv6 are 4096 and 524288, respectively.


Kodi supports UPNP/DNLA out-of-the-box (see the wiki here)!

There is pretty decent support for this across platforms

UPNP/DNLA plugin for Chrome here and another one here
UPNP/DNLA on Windows
UPNP/DNLA on OpenSUSE, Ubuntu, etc
and there is an abundance of Apps for Android


Mutt: change background color of expanded threads

I have experimented on my own system and it looks like this can be accomplished reasonably easily. My own mutt colours are pretty basic and I give these in full below:
### Colours ###

# (default, white, black, green, magenta, blue, cyan, yellow, red)
# (bright...)
# (color1,color2,...,colorN-1)
#
#---- --Mutt Colors for Black Background -------
#       Object      Foreground      Background
color   hdrdefault   yellow            black
color   quoted       blue              black
color   signature    blue              black
color   attachment   red               black
color   message      brightred         black
color   error        brightred         black
color   indicator    black             yellow
color   status       white             blue
color   tree         white             black
color   normal       white             black
color   markers      red               black
color   search       white             black
color   tilde        brightmagenta     black
color   index        blue              black ~F
color   index        white             black "~N|~O"

This gives a pretty basic thread display as the image below demonstrates:

Now with 2 changes to my existing config I change not only the foreground but the background colours as well for the expanded tree:
#       Object      Foreground      Background
color   tree        brightmagenta    yellow

And this gives the type of changes that you are after as I demonstrate with the image below:

Easy enough to do on my system and hopefully just as easy on yours :).
Notes:

Using Mutt with Gmail (POP3 over SSL): All the details from my own mutt setup including the full colour settings.


Can't access boot menu or bios to do a clean install

To enter Bios keep hitting the DELETE key while booting up. I have a dell optiplex 520.


I guess the US servers were down, so what I did was I went to the software center and did Edit > Software Sources.

Then I changed it from US to Main


XUL-based simple text editor? (to benefit from Rikaichan when writing text files)

You may use a tiddlywiki. It is an HTML file with embedded javascript that allows modifications and stores them into itself.
Or, if you prefer cloud solution - Google Docs. It also has an autosave feature.


Should I update to 14.04 LTS or make a re-installation to 14.04 LTS?

I've done the update 12.04 to 14.04 on several installations, did not really have any issues yet. YMMV of course.

But I'd recommend to try the update first, if it goes horribly wrong, nothing is stopping you from doing a re-install.

There is an option in the installer, not exactly sure about the wording, but it says "install over my existing ubuntu installation", that will just do a fresh install of the OS but leave your user data intact.

Remember to make a backup of your data before trying upgrade or fresh install though, just in case :-)


Is the 16.04 iso file corrupt? 4/28/16 its not working for me

I've been having the same problems as you.
i finally got it working by using startup disk creator on ubuntu 14.04 ... (i had tried universal usb, and rufus )


Ubuntu says directory exists and directory not found at the same time

Short answer
It's not the last command, but the first part that causes the complaint. You must have cloned the repo before, and it exists in your home directory. :)


how to install latex, nedit and xdvi packages in Ubuntu?

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install texlive-full nedit

That should do the trick.

I believe xdvi comes with texlive, so you should be good to go.


The instructions are on this page. As @mikewhatever says there are no Lubuntu Core ISOs. Instead, the directions specify downloading an Ubuntu minimal ISO. It appears that the installer menu may offer you the option to do a Lubuntu Core installation, but if not, you can run the following from a terminal window after the installation is complete:

sudo -i
apt-get install lubuntu-core
apt-get dist-upgrade
apt-get autoclean
rm /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb
reboot

Instead of installing Lubuntu Core you can also keep your current Lubuntu Desktop install and uninstall packages you don't want using Synaptic or one of the other tools provided with Lubuntu.

New Windows machines tend to use something called UEFI when booting which the minimal install ISOs don't support:

  While the minimal iso image is handy, it isn't useful for installing
  on UEFI-based systems that you want to run in UEFI mode. The mini iso
  lacks the proper files for booting the computer in UEFI mode. Thus,
  the computer will boot in BIOS compatibility mode, and the
  installation will be in BIOS mode.

So I would say there's some extra potential to run into headaches, especially if you're dual-booting with Windows.


If your PC runs Windows 8 or Windows 10, it replaces BIOS with UEFI, which by default uses secure boot. This prevents you from booting into a non-Windows operating system.

To fix this, I would recommend doing what I did when I was in your situation. Enter your BIOS menu and go over to the tab with boot orders. There should be a setting with [UEFI] in it. Go over to this value, and change it to [LEGACY BIOS]. Save the settings, plug in your hard drive, and reboot. When you're ready to go back to Windows, turn off the computer, unplug the hard drive, and put the setting back at [UEFI].


Windows guest's audio choppy in QEMU/KVM with virt-manager

I tried the ich6 and ich9 and had the same issue with a Windows 7 guest.  I then switched to the old ac97 type, installed the hardware-driver for this in the Windows guest, and the constant skipping-audio stopped.

That said, I do still get the occasional sound-glitch, which I am attempting to solve with setting the VMM-processes to a higher priority (nice setting) in the host-machine.  "Pinning" CPUs is also recommended (so the VMM has exclusive use of them).

More research suggests the only low-latency, good solution is to use a USB sound-device, passing this through to the guest, and ensure that device supports USB-reset (which, I am guessing, is an event which occurs when the device is passed from host to guest).


You seem to have rushed to a conclusion that the Nvidia has no benefit at all, but it's based on at least two severe misunderstandings about what that (toy, non-) test described tells, and they could've been avoided by searching first!

(A) Testing with vsync enabled and a trivial non-benchmark like glxgears will make any 2 barely modern GPUs 'seem equal', if your definition of "equal" is merely 'can both push out 60 FPS using an extremely simplistic rendering'.

(B) You could at least disable vsync, to remove that artificial ceiling. See Disable vertical sync for glxgears

(C) glxgears may even unfairly punish the discrete GPU due to PCIe bus saturation. You're barely taxing the real machinery of the GPU at all, just making it render toy frames at high rates and push them over PCIe for the integrated GPU to send out to the screen. You need to benchmark the discrete GPU using something that gives it real work to do - crunching polygons and such, not just spamming frames. See this explanation at the Bumblebee tracker and why is glxgears faster without optirun and etc.


Is there any drawback of --devmode when installing a snap package?

use my choice of gtk theme, cursor and fonts ?

Probably not, that's still a work-in-progress, see here.

  read files in ~/Documents and save to the same location?

That should now be possible with the normal strict snap :)


VLC (v 3.0.8) Tools , Preferences, tick All, type instance, click playlist, tick allow only one running instance.


I can't find chromium on Ubuntu Software Center

It should be available in the Ubuntu Software Center, yes. If you search for:

Chromium

you should have results including the Chromium Web Browser and Chromium BSU, an arcade game.

You should also be able to install by clicking on this button:

If Chromium Web Browser isn't showing up in the Software Center results, it may be because 13.10 is still in beta.


on ubuntu (4k monitor) everything is scaled up on external monitor

Just in case you haven't already tried this - go into System Settings, click on Screen Display and you'll have the option to change the Resolution (select appropriate screen first) then click Apply. This also has the effect of making windows and icons bigger or smaller. Experiment with that for a while. I'm sure it's the same as on my 16.04.


Use middle click or shift+insert

see X Window selection


Here's what I did to figure this out. First, I wrote a script to compare the output from some system info commands:

 #!/bin/sh
write_logs(){
  mkdir "$1"
  ls /dev/disk/by-uuid/ > "$1"/uuids
  lsusb -v > "$1"/lsusb-v
  lsusb -t > "$1"/lsusb-t
  ls -alh /sys/bus/usb/devices/ | sed -E 's/.+ -> //' | tail -n+4 > "$1"/sysbus
}
echo "Insert plug and press ENTER."
read VAR; write_logs a
echo "Remove plug and press ENTER."
read VAR; write_logs b
diff -r a b

I didn't catch that the output was any different at first, because it takes my system a couple seconds to recognize a new USB device is attached. If you run this script, wait a few seconds before pressing ENTER. When I did this, I realized that the output for these commands really did change.

For my phone, I can detect if it is plugged in with this:

lsusb -v 2>/dev/null | grep 'Motorola PCS' >/dev/null \
&& echo phone is plugged in

I can detect if anything is plugged in to a particular port with this:

ls -alh /sys/bus/usb/devices/ | grep pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb2/2-6 >/dev/null \
&& echo Something is plugged into the left USB port.

I found these grep patterns just by comparing output from the above script; you may have to modify them for your own system or your own phone.

I'll still have to play around with how to activate my detection function and run it periodically to see if the device has been removed (probably using chron). Also, I haven't figured out how to detect how much power is being used; this merely detects if anything is connected or not.


Disable and enable certain websites automatically

It's pretty pointless to seek a technological solution to this problem IMHO, however

sudo sed -i '/facebook/ s/^[^#]/#&/' /etc/hosts

to insert a # at the start of any line containing the string facebook if it doesn't already start with one; and

sudo sed -i '/facebook/ s/^#//' /etc/hosts

to remove a leading # from any line containing the string facebook if it does.


Yeah, the manual description is not clear, but you need to specify the window ID, not the PID. In Xterm,
xkill -id "$WINDOWID"

In all terminals,
xkill -id "$(xdotool getactivewindow)"


It sounds like you're missing the "Indicator Applet". It should be available from the Add to Panel menu.


Simple Update & Upgrade Script Not Working as Intended?

You have to change it to:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

-y: answer yes to confirmation.

After running sudo apt upgrade it will ask you to confirm whatever you want to upgrade the system or not, using -y you are saying yes to this kind of questions by default.


How to make a python script run in Anacron

Dumb question, but is your script executable? Right click on file and then Properties. In Permissions tab ther should be checkbox to set script as executable.


Kicked back to login screen when logging in

Turns out I was only using the wrong command. When I deleted ~/.Xauthority, I needed to next run sudo service lightdm restart, without using startx. A learning experience indeed.


no Wi-Fi on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Asus notebook with MEDIATEK MT7630e

Same wireless chip (and very similiar laptop); wireless never worked out-of-the-box both in Trusty and in Vivid; this is how I've always installed it:

Download the drivers for the wireless chip from here;
Open Terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T;
Run cd ~/Downloads; unzip MT7630E-release.zip; cd MT7630E-release; sudo bash install

If the driver is installed to an UEFI managed system, Secure Boot should be disabled in UEFI settings to get the module loaded.


How can I get a log of the updates I installed recently?

The history of the commands apt, apt-get and the like is stored
in the directory /var/log/apt in the file history.log:

pduck@host > cd /var/log/apt
pduck@host > ls -l history*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3312 Dez  8 16:10 history.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3863 Mär  2  2018 history.log.10.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28259 Feb  2  2018 history.log.11.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3994 Nov 29 20:21 history.log.1.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1618 Nov  2 19:06 history.log.2.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   421 Sep 22 14:03 history.log.3.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   908 Aug 31 16:06 history.log.4.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1654 Jul 29 12:22 history.log.5.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2298 Jun 30 18:34 history.log.6.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2227 Jun  1  2018 history.log.7.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2438 Apr 28  2018 history.log.8.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4369 Mär 31  2018 history.log.9.gz

The file history.log is the current logfile. It gets rotated
by the logrotate job in /etc/logrotate.d/apt once a month and
kept for 12 months:

/var/log/apt/history.log {
  rotate 12
  monthly
  compress
  missingok
  notifempty
}

To view logs from previous months look into the *.N.gz files,
e.g.:

zless /var/log/apt/history.log.1.gz

(No need to unzip them first, zless (and zgrep) does this under the hood.)


Ubuntu installation , problems with partitions .. What i need to do?

The USB flashing is your problem? If yes than i suggest using Etcher.
It's really easy to use and does a great job. Only thing it'll take all the space on the USB, you can't flash just a partition like in Rufus.


So the answer is, that the needed library was not packaged in the Qt 5.0.0 in ppa:canonical-qt5-edgers/qt5-proper. In Qt 5.0.1, which is currently in the ppa:canonical-qt5-edgers/qt5-beta-proper it works again.


Images not loading from storage.googleapis.com

Reinstalling of openssl and ca-certificates packages could solve the issue:

sudo apt update && sudo dpkg --purge --force-depends ca-certificates openssl && sudo apt install ca-certificates openssl

You could check if your openssl package version is correct. The Default vs installed:

openssl version

You could also check if it works for a different user session.

Try also:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure ca-certificates
sudo update-ca-certificates

Answer ask to see what it offers for you.


Agh... after much frustration and packet captures... this wasn't an Ubuntu problem. Turns out, somehow DHCP Snooping got enabled on the upstream Cisco switch and we had no trusted interfaces defined.


Some obvious issues:

(1.) The command sudo apt-get update needs to be followed by sudo apt-get upgrade. This will likely load a newer phablet-flash version.

Or combine into:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

(2.) The command phablet-flash -d grouper -b will likely brick your Nexus 4 (mako). The 'grouper' tag is for 'Nexus 7' ..

To recover:

Put the device in 'Recovery Mode', and then run:

phablet-flash -d mako -b

IF that fails, revert to factory / Android setup.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Install

Look for: 'Restoring Android'

( You may also need to put phone into 'Recovery Mode' for this to work. )


How to enable CCSM startup dialog again?

compiz store a file called 'firstrun' under the ~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig path. So all you have is to delete this file and then run CCSM again so it will shows you the warning dialog.

sudo rm -f ~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig/firstrun

Tip: In general you don't have to use sudo within your home, but here you have to use sudo even in your home dirs since this file and other Default.ini are owned by root.


"Photos lens for Unity" (unity-lens-photos) is package containing photos scopes which allow Unity to search for local and online photos.

I reckon you have upgraded to Ubuntu 17.10 from an older release of Ubuntu (with Unity) and thus the package is (still somehow) installed in your system.

Ubuntu 17.10 has GNOME shell, not Unity. Unless you have installed (or still have) Unity and are planning to use it, you can safely remove this package as it won't be useful with GNOME. You can remove it by running

sudo apt remove unity-lens-photos


Automatically revert to laptop screen when external monitor unplugged

I wondered about that one, too. Usually I do the following at the console:

xhost +
xrandr --auto
xhost -

Good news: In a few days, Xubuntu 14.04 will release, supporting monitor hot-plugging:
details


Including the match,
sed '/foo/q' file

It is better to quit sed as soon as a match is found, otherwise sed would keep reading the file and wasting your time, which would be considerable for large files.

Excluding the match,
sed -n '/foo/q;p' file

The -n flag means that only lines that reach the p command will be printed. Since the foo line triggers the quit action, it does not reach p and thus is not printed.

If your sed is GNU's, this can be simplified to
sed '/foo/Q' file

References

/foo/ — Addresses
q, p — Often-used commands
Q — GNU Sed extended commands
-n — Command-line options


Can I minimize a window from the command line?

In Kubuntu 12.04 I use the following command to minimize the active window:

xdotool windowminimize $(xdotool getactivewindow)

I suspect you may replace the $(xdotool getactivewindow) with a string identifying any window that you need to minimize.


How to Rename Multiple Files With Their First 10 Characters?

You can try:

rename -n 's/(.{10}).*(\.jpg)$/$1$2/' *.jpg

Example:

$ rename -n 's/(.{10}).*(\.jpg)$/$1$2/' *.jpg
11512345714x611aaa.jpg -> 1151234571.jpg
1201230111FbcAdee.jpg -> 1201230111.jpg
1208605001abAcd.jpg -> 1208605001.jpg

The -n option only simulates the command, so that you can verify the changes. Run without it to actually make the changes.

The regex (.{10}).*(\.jpg) consists:

.{10} - any 10 characters, in a group (…), followed by
.* - any number of any characters followed by
\.jpg$ - the extension at the end ($) of the filename, in the second group

The replacement $1$2 is just the first group followed by the second.


You can boot into a Live CD (a virtual machine will suffice) and copy /etc/apt/sources.list from it. Alternatively, have a Live CD image ready and follow these instructions:

Mount the CD. If you've an .iso file, mount it using:

sudo mount -o loop ubuntu-11.04-desktop-amd64.iso /media/cdrom

Mount the filesystem file from the CD:

sudo mount -o loop /media/cdrom/casper/filesystem.squashfs /mnt

Copy the sources.list file over:

sudo cp {/mnt,}/etc/apt/sources.list

Change the file permissions if necessary:

sudo chmod 644 /etc/apt/sources.list

From my Ubuntu 11.04 Live CD:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty main restricted

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-security main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-updates main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-updates main restricted

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'universe'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty universe
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-updates universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-updates universe
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-security universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty multiverse
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-updates multiverse
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-security multiverse

For the best download speed, you need to re-select a mirror near you:

Open the Ubuntu Software Center
Open Edit -> Software Sources...
Click the select box next to Download from:
Select a server at your choice

You might want to enable some repositories as well, like Community-maintained Open Source software (universe) and Software restricted by copyright and legal issues (multiverse)


Wi-Fi disappeared after driver installation/update - Intel AX200 / iwlwifi with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

I had the same problem after running sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall. This solution worked for me:
No Wi-Fi settings or connection after switching to NVIDIA graphics driver
sudo apt install linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-52-generic


Apache mod_rewrite rules don't work with dynamic virtual host and php-fpm

To make that work you need to enable rewrite module in Apache.

See this: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-14-04

After you have the module you will need something like this (wordpress example):

# BEGIN WordPress
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</IfModule>
# END WordPress

This should be placed in either .htacccess file or vhost file.


Attempting to change Keyboard Backlight levels changes theme

It sounds like there might be a key binding configured to change the theme when you press whatever button toggles/changes the keyboard backlight levels.

Does the keyboard backlight level change as well or is it just the theme that changes when you press that key, because if it's just the theme, then it's possible you have to hold down a 'function' key to trigger the keyboard backlight instead of the theme change.

If the keyboard backlight level changes as well as the theme, then I would try changing the keyboard bindings, see if there is one associated with theme changes and disable or change it.


Create partition from free space - cannot create more than 4 partitions

Uwe Plonus's explanation is correct, but gives no solution to your problem. Here's the solution:

Boot a Linux emergency disc. (The Ubuntu installer in its "try before installing" mode should work fine; or you can use Parted Magic or something similar.
Launch GParted.
If any of the logical partitions (those with numbers of 5 and up) are locked (typically with a little key icon, as in your screen shot), unmount them. There should be an option to do this when you right-click the icon. Your swap partition is the only one that's likely to be so affected, and its unmount opiton is called "swapoff."
Right-click the extended partition (this is easier in the list in the bottom pane of the window) and select the option to resize the partition.
Adjust the size of the extended partition to fill the available space.
Create your new partition within the extended partition, which should now contain the unallocated space.
Click the "apply" icon (typically a green check-mark).


How can I set gnome-terminal's X and Y startup position?

I don't think there's such a file: such a setting doesn't show up at all, neither in gnome-terminal's preferences nor in gnome-terminal's profile preferences.

However, even though you can't directly set how gnome-terminal starts, you can always set how your system invokes gnome-terminal:

cp /usr/share/applications/gnome-terminal.desktop ~/.local/share/applications
sed -i 's/^Exec=gnome-terminal$/& --geometry=80x24+100+100/' ~/.local/share/applications/gnome-terminal.desktop
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec 'gnome-terminal --geometry=80x24+100+100'

cp /usr/share/applications/gnome-terminal.desktop ~/.local/share/applications: copies /usr/share/applications/gnome-terminal.desktop in ~/.local/share/applications, i.e. it creates a user-specific version of the system-wide gnome-terminal's desktop file;
sed -i 's/^Exec=gnome-terminal$/& --geometry=80x24+100+100/' ~/.local/share/applications/gnome-terminal.desktop: changes the line Exec=gnome-terminal in the user-specific version of the system-wide gnome-terminal's desktop file to Exec=gnome-terminal --geometry=80x24+100+100;
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec 'gnome-terminal --geometry=80x24+100+100': changes dconf's settings so to tell the desktop environment to run gnome-terminal --geometry=80x24+100+100 instead of gnome-terminal when hitting CTRL+ALT+T.

To revert:

rm ~/.local/share/applications/gnome-terminal.desktop
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec 'gnome-terminal'


Gpaste daemon very high cpu pasting images untill killed

It seems, for the moment at least, that the problem got solved after installing the aforementioned package gpaste-common, which for some odd reason was not installed by default along with the rest of gpaste.
Updating my answer after a few days, the problem is not so prevalent as before installing gpaste-common, but is still occurring.


What is meaning of 755 permissions in Samba Share

This has nothing to do with Samba. This is related to file permissions.

There are three types of access restrictions:

Permission    Action      chmod option
======================================
read          (view)      r or 4
write         (edit)      w or 2
execute       (execute)   x or 1

There are also three types of user restrictions:

User    ls output
==================
owner   -rwx------
group   ----rwx---
other   -------rwx

Folder/Directory Permissions

Permission    Action                               chmod option
===============================================================
read          (view contents: i.e., ls command)      r or 4
write         (create or remove files from dir)      w or 2
execute       (cd into directory)                    x or 1

Numeric notation

Another method for representing Linux permissions is an octal notation as shown by stat -c %a. This notation consists of at least three digits. Each of the three rightmost digits represents a different component of the permissions: owner, group, and others.

Each of these digits is the sum of its component bits in the binary numeral system:

Symbolic Notation    Octal Notation    English
============================================================
----------            0000               no permissions
---x--x--x            0111               execute
--w--w--w-            0222               write
--wx-wx-wx            0333               write & execute
-r--r--r--            0444               read
-r-xr-xr-x            0555               read & execute
-rw-rw-rw-            0666               read & write
-rwxrwxrwx            0777               read. write & execute

Now, what does 755 mean?

7=rwx 5=r-x 5=r-x

This means that the directory has the default permissions -rwxr-xr-x (represented in octal notation as 0755).

Please read more about file permissions:

File Permissions
Unix/Linux Permissions
The file mask in Linux


Why is /etc/init/tty?.conf ignored in Ubuntu 16.04?

I understand that Ubuntu 16.04 includes a systemd side by side with
  upstart subsystem.

The only role of Upstart in a default 16.04 is for user sessions. It has nothing to do with system init, which is entirely handled by systemd. It might be possible to force Upstart to be init, but it is not supported.

The /etc/init/*.conf are therefore ignored (and are probably just residual files). If you want to configure TTY2, you'll have to edit systemd services. See my posts in How to create ubuntu server 16.04 autologin? and How do I override or configure systemd services?


Reinstalling Ubuntu's system files may sometimes be the quickest way to solve a problem.  See this

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuReinstallation


Try the following commands on the grub command line

set root=(hd0,1)
chainloader +1
boot

You might need to use ls to ensure windows is in the (hd0,1) partition or not. If not, just enter the windows (or any other OS) partition instead.


Corel Aftershot Pro 3 not starting in 16.04

The Corel  application needs libgstreamer-0.10.so to start.

Install that library.

sudo apt-get install libgstreamer0.10-0


Extra toolbar installed on my Chrome after making an ISO image

Type in chrome://extensions in your Google chrome and then click on the trash button next to the name of your toolbar. It should disappear immediatly.


CCSM: How to add mouse-binding for moving a window within wall

This should be fully configurable in the  compiz-settings-manager.  You can install it with a search in 'apps'.


How to change the path a KDE task manager icon refers to?

In my case (telegram application) this was found in
.local/share/applications/telegramdesktop.desktop

I didn't find any solution so I had to manually search previous path trails on the home folder and i did just that
cd ~/ && grep -iRl "Desktop/Telegram" ./


How to debug sound volume lowering a 1/2 second after plugging in headphones?

This is what finally helped me:

sudo apt install alsa-tools
sudo nano /usr/local/bin/fix_headphones_audio.sh

Put the following content into the file

#!/bin/bash
while true; do
    DEVICE=`ls /dev/snd/hwC[[:print:]]*D0 | head -n 1`
    if [ ! -z "$DEVICE" ]; then
        hda-verb "$DEVICE" 0x20 SET_COEF_INDEX 0x67
        hda-verb "$DEVICE" 0x20 SET_PROC_COEF 0x3000
        break
    fi
    sleep 1
done

Then create a systemd script

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/fix_headphones_audio.service

with the following content:

[Unit]
Description=Fix headphones audio after boot & resume.
After=multi-user.target suspend.target hibernate.target

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/bin/sh '/usr/local/bin/fix_headphones_audio.sh'

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target suspend.target hibernate.target

And then run the following command:

sudo systemctl enable fix_headphones_audio

And that's it, no more unwanted sound volume change!
I'm running Ubuntu 20.04

Source: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/ASUS_Zenbook_UX430/UX530#Headphones_audio_is_too_low


What's the equivalent of the Redhat rpm -e command in Ubuntu?

sudo apt remove PACKAGENAME     # for everyday use: fancy output
sudo apt-get remove PACKAGENAME # for scripts: stable output

is Ubuntu's equivalent of rpm -e, see the Table of Equivalent Commands for package management on Ubuntu and Red Hat systems.

While you're right that there's a also an equivalent dkpg command to remove a single package – namely dpgk -r PACKAGENAME – it's nevertheless advisable to use apt, citing Wikipedia:

  While dpkg performs actions on individual packages, apt tools manage
  relations (especially dependencies) between them, as well as sourcing
  and management of higher-level versioning decisions (release tracking
  and version pinning).

  A major feature in APT is the way it calls dpkg — it does topological
  sorting of the list of packages to be installed or removed and calls
  dpkg in the best possible sequence. In some cases, it utilizes the
  --force options in dpkg. However, it only does this when it is unable to calculate how to avoid the reason dpkg requires the action to be
  forced.

apt is like a front-end to dpkg, but it keeps track of dependencies and won't silently let you remove a package another package still depends on.


There's an issue with an Alpha/Beta Release of Ubuntu, what should I do?

General Alpha Information
If you've been redirected here you've probably asked a question about an Alpha or Beta release of Ubuntu.
Generally speaking we don't take questions about running or using unreleased versions of Ubuntu releases here since development releases change almost by the hour and usually it's broken and alpha testers are expected to give direct feedback to the developers via the bug tracker so that these issues can be fixed for everyone.
It's not that we don't care, we just wouldn't be good at it and one of the main purposes of the site is to create a reusable resource for users, which would be hard if we had a bunch of questions about something that quickly became out of date!
The answers in this question will help you get started, good luck, and thanks for testing!
File bugs
You should file bugs for the relevant package that you are having problems with. Bugs are one of the main advantages of having developer releases - they provide valuable information to the developers and help them to improve the software.
How do I report a bug?
If you are unsure which package to file the bug against, please use the other resources (forums, mailing lists etc.) to ask which package you should file it against.
Debugging Information will help you file bugs.


Ubuntu 12.04LTS fixing recursive fault but reboot is needed

Just a suggestion, as I encountered this with my Inspiron 1501 recently- boot from the installation media and run Ubuntu live, then use nano, gedit or any other text editor to add the line as needed. You should be able to access the filesystem on the HDD to do so AFAIK.


You should create a 7z-archiv from your files on the linux-box and also extract the files on the windows box with 7z.

While extracting, 7z will rename the files and preserve file and directory timestamps.

Doing it this way, files which names cotains a backslash (\) will be handled unexpected:

A file named "foo\bar" will get extracted to the folder "foo" and be named "bar"


Public open Wifi connection does not pop up portal log in

If you can identify the gateway IP address you should be able to open any browser and enter that address to be redirected to the page generally brought up in the pop-up. One way to get the gateway IP is by bringing up a terminal and typing ip route list which should give you output something like this:

default via 10.140.128.1 dev wlp2s0 proto dhcp metric 600
10.140.128.0/18 dev wlp2s0 proto kernel scope link src 10.140.140.111 metric 600
169.254.0.0/16 dev wlp2s0 scope link metric 1000

The IP address listed just after default via should be the gateway ip address. This has worked for me in the past but I haven't tested recently.


Using another browser than w3m for reading HTML helpfiles?

If you want to use, as an example, elinks to view the fish documentation, type

elinks /usr/share/doc/fish/index.html

You can also use firefox or google-chrome in the same way.

I found the location by looking at type help, which returned the function definition. In there, I found a reference to the variable $__fish_help_dir, which contains /usr/share/doc/fish (using echo $__fish_help_dir).

There's a discussion on their mailing list on the subject as well.


I use the gparted, create a partition and formated to ext4 and i started to use my disk. Without doing this i couldn't see it or use it in any way.


How to mount another HDD data drive automatically

The hard drives (or partitions) that you setup in the gui interface of the disk manager automatically get added to /etc/fstab to be mounted automatically at boot. You can also click the settings icon next to the minus icon and that will give you a menu where you can click an option if you want that partition to be mounted at boot. Also, if you are talking about another partition and you can't mount it through the gui you can see this post on how to manually mount it. Once you have you can go back and make it mount at boot.


Ubuntu 13.10 Sound not working after modifying fstab

I had exactly the same problem with mounting /home on another partition and having no sound. Formatting the partition to ext4 and mount /home again solved it for me.


Upgrading to a new release vs just upgrading the kernel

Upgrading the system is not upgrading a kernel. In most cases you don't compile kernels for Ubuntu because Ubuntu kernels and mainline kernels are available as binaries. You need to compile a kernel only if you want to change something in the sources.

Mainline kernels can be installed using UKUU. Ubuntu kernels for LTS releases are provided by HWE mechanism.

Generally it is not recommended to install another major kernel version without a specific reason.

sudo apt dist-upgrade doesn't upgrade Ubuntu release. It upgrades all packages including kernel to the latest version for the current release.

Kernel 5.x are available in Ubuntu releases for 18.04 and others.

If you install a mainline 5.x kernel to Xubuntu 16.04 all may work well, or not. that is not guaranteed. The latest major kernel release supported for 16.04 is 4.15.


It may be that the digital output (the displayport) is driven directly by the nvidia card. This is the case with my W520 (see the blog post here). Bumblebee is designed primarily to render graphics on the nvidia card and output them on the laptop display through the intel card, not to drive external monitors with the nvidia card. Probably the most simple work around is described here (not sure if it will still work on the T430 and the intel driver included with the latest version of ubuntu though).

You may be able to use the VGA port (that was the case with the 420), or you may be able to switch to using the nvidia card for both the external and thinkpad displays in the BIOS menu. This will impact battery life though.


You can install and use "ImportExportTools" Thunderbird extension (add on). You can mass-export email folders in individual eml files or other. See detailed info in http://www.nic-nac-project.de/~kaosmos/mboximport-en.html

If you need to export your folders in other email client, details are in http://kb.mozillazine.org/Importing_and_exporting_your_mail


want to install Ubuntu 12.04 on Powermac 11,2

Just click the enter button and the installation should start. Make sure that you plug the monitor into the main graphics port, or the monitor may not display anything when you boot into Ubuntu on the CD. If it dosen't work in the main graphics port then you might need to change a setting file.


How to import LXC containers from a previously used ZFS lxc zpool?

The reason I "lost" all of my containers was what I had previously suspected, the config file being missing.

When ZFS is used as the backstore, and a new container is created, such as /var/lib/lxc/clamav/rootfs, only the rootfs directory is contained in the backstore (ZFS)

The config file is stored in the path /var/lib/lxc/<container>/config, which isn't stored in the backstore.

The solution is to create a dataset with a mountpoint of /var/lib/lxc/

root@lxc:~# zfs list
NAME                                      USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
lxc                                      11.4G  37.5G   526M  /lxc
lxc/_configs                               44K  37.5G    44K  /var/lib/lxc/
lxc/_share                                252K  37.5G   252K  /usr/share/lxc/

Problem solved.


How do I make my windows minimize like a Mac in classic Gnome?

Something similar was recently blogged by OMGUbuntu - it involves running a binary from the developer, together with editing compiz settings.

The binary manipulates the standard Compiz Magic Lamp effect which does something similar to what you want but is not as "slick" as MacOS.

If you really want to install random binaries - not a good idea from a security point of view, following the instructions below reproduced from the blog:

Download this file
Right click on it and choose ‘properties > permissions’ and allow it to ‘execute’ as a  programme by checking the relevant box
Now open a terminal and enter:

sudo ./genie_compiz

Open up CompizConfig Settings and proceed to edit the ‘MagicLamp’ effect values as per the screenshots on Placidio’s blog.
Restart Compiz via the terminal using:

compiz –replace &


Dock with dual external DVI monitors with Intel + Nvidia Optimus?

Try disabling Optimus in the BIOS and use/install the latest nVidia drivers. If those from the repository don't work, download them from nVidia.

http://www.nvidia.com/object/linux-display-amd64-295.53-driver.html

Please let me know how it goes; I'm about to purchase a E6520 with dock as well.


How do I make Geany my default editor on Ubuntu?

The command line way is:

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/editor editor /usr/bin/geany 10

and then use sudo update-alternatives --config editor to select Geany if necessary.

As a graphical alternative to the command-line method, consider using Gnome Alternatives (sudo apt-get install galternatives). Run GAlternatives, select editor in the left column, and then add/choose Geany on the right.


Is there a hotkey to switch between tabs in Gedit?

Gedit has this functionality natively, no need for a plugin. Try the following:

Next tab CtrlAltPageDown
Previous tab CtrlAltPageUp


How to see what is new when I get a ubuntu touch update?

You can always find information about a new version of Ubuntu in the Release Notes.


Proxy tunneling failed: Proxy Authentication RequiredUnable to establish SSL connection

Your proxy requires authentication. You need to use the --proxy-user and --proxy-password parameters of wget to provide the authentication credentials.


Time out problem while installing wireshark

This looks like apt is trying to connect to a local server on your network to retrieve the file. Are you running a local cache server? Is your IT department doing so? Perhaps you should contact your local administrator to get the cache updated.


My bios will not recegnise Ubuntu as a valid os now

It is possible that the new thinkpad is attempting to use UEFI boot, but that some setting is causing it to accept only Windows (this shouldn't happen, but my own laptop will only load Windows 8 by UEFI because it appears to be using some broken custom implementation.  This despite the fact that there's an MIT-licensed UEFI implementation out there, which most manufacturers use.  But I digress).  To test this, try making sure UEFI is disabled (it should be safe to change this temporarily) in the BIOS settings, then booting from the CD.  If that works, then thou'lt at least know where the problem lies...


How can I get Canon PIXMA MP780 printer to print?

Open a terminal and type the following command

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:michael-gruz/canon

Then

  sudo apt-get update

You will be able to download the drivers for the PC utilizing the drivers for the ip4100 by using the following command

  sudo apt-get install cnijfilter-pixusip4100series

and then to get Ubuntu to recognize and configure the MP780, open a browser and use this URL...

  http://127.0.0.1:631/

which should open CUPS 1.5.0 administration, click on Adding Printers and Classes then the Add Printer button...

Here you should see all local printers if they are connected and turned on.

Select the MP780 and "continue"...

Then fill in or change the printer information, &c, "Continue"...

Then select Canon PIXMA MP780 - CUPS+Gutenprint v5.2.7(en) for the model, and finally press the "Add Printer" button....

Then You can set the default options and finally hit the button...

Ubuntu should pop up a message about the new printer and it should be shown in System Settings / Printers.

Good Luck!


What VOIP servers for Ubuntu can I find that have very low latency

I think that you best choice for low latency VOIP is Mumble, and that the way to go through this is to familiarise better with how the client works or gets configured.

The initial setup of Mumble has several steps, which are required in order to get the best results. There are always ways to improve the wizard, so you can suggest enhancements.

You may have some suggestions on how the UI of the client can be improved; this being free and open-source software, you can contribute your suggestions. It is possible to rearrange the UI so that it becomes more user-friendly for you. It requires little programming experience and it is a rewarding process.


Check and install multiple packages if not installed - using bash

You don't really need such script. Whenever, you attempt to install a package that is already installed, apt will output <pkg-name> is already the newest version. string.  You can see an example of that here:

$ sudo apt-get install python3-numpy
[sudo] password for ubuntuadmin:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
python3-numpy is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 323 not upgraded.
$

Thus your problem reduces to simply using apt command itself to install multiple packages

sudo apt-get install molecule ansible


Did you try additional drivers, aka jockey? It worked for my broadcom once.


Unable to mount share from machine to Ubuntu VM as a guest using SMB (Able with AFP)

I still don't know what the problem was. Syslog and samba logs didn't help me understand what's wrong, only that it is continuously trying to connect but fails. And this happens to both Windows and Ubuntu in VirtualBox.

I have disconnected wifi and I am now connecting through Ethernet and it works. I am pleased that I can connect now, but fixing this issue using wifi would be much better! So if anyone has any ideas on what the problem might be, please let me know.


There are two ways you could do this.

If your main computer is a desktop, then you could try using a SATA/IDE to USB. Some models don't support power through USB, you will need to use an alternative power cable.

Or just try using sudo on the live CD to get permission to move the files.


A lot of applications and drivers have a ./configure stage that sets up the project and works out what it'll be linking against. Some have it built into their make script. The annoying thing (TBS does this with their V4L drivers) is it won't run again until you run a make clean. This nukes all the configuration and should reset the driver back to an initial state.

I've gone one further for my TBS card. I've scripted something that downloads the latest driver from TBS, unpacks the fresh version and then compiles from that. Here's a starter for you:

LATEST=$(wget -qO- http://www.tbsdtv.com/download/ | grep -oPm1 'download.+tbs-linux-drivers[^"]+')
echo "Getting $LATEST"
wget -q "http://www.tbsdtv.com/$LATEST"
7z -y x tbs-linux-drivers*

It also has a rename step where it renames a bunch of modules for 64bit use. You could just call the script from your script... or you could replace it with a rename. Here's what I do:

rename 's/\.x86_64$//' v4l/*

Though it looks like you'll need to replace x86_64 with x64.

It's rubbish like this that makes me wish I'd bought hardware with mainline drivers.


Ninja Kingdom Asking to update my flash but it's updated?

Adobe has long given up on releasing new versions of Flash for Linux. 11.2 will continue to receive security fixes, but no more new features.

If Ninja Kingdom needs a newer version of Flash, which seems to be the case, currently your only option is to use Google Chrome with its integrated Flash player.


How can I get unbound start up with system

I had the same problem and figured out the network interface had to be properly initialized before running unbound. So I now start unbound in a post-up script.


Problems with apt-get ppa from launch pad

I used the advise of mchid, and commented out the package that was in the  /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory for that failing package.

Now the server updates fully.


How does the install process guess the timezone?

Ubuntu uses the ubuntu-geoip package, which queries http://geoip.ubuntu.com/.

You can python-geoip to achieve the same thing:

import GeoIP
geo = GeoIP.new(GeoIP.GEOIP_MEMORY_CACHE)
ip = '200.100.50.0'
print geo.country_code_by_addr(ip)

Sadly, it doesn't work with ipv6 yet.


How to write python script which opens last working directory in nautilus (when we launch nautilus)?

Nautilus does not keep trace of the last opened folder
But, it keeps trace of recent open files. See Recent section in Nautilus

The following 'Ask' gives a good answer : close Nautilus while saving Tabs stateA bit tricky but works:
How can I make Nautilus file manager remember my open tabs?

This script opens Nautilus on the folder of the last opened file
This can be called by a custom launcher nautilus-last-file.desktop

#!/bin/bash
LastFolder=$(grep -m1 'bookmark href' '~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel' | cut -f2 -d"\"" | cut -c 8-)
LastFolder=$(printf '%b' "${LastFolder//%/\\x}")
LastFolder=$(dirname "$LastFolder")
/usr/bin/nautilus "$LastFolder"


How do I trace back which dependency chain leads to some particular package?

The reason I failed was that systemd is pulled in as a recommendation. This way you can see the recommendations as well:

apt-rdepends openjdk-7-jdk --follow Depends,PreDepends,Recommends \
    --show Depends,PreDepends,Recommends | grep systemd

The dependency chain is as follows:

http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty-updates/openjdk-7-jdk
http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty-updates/openjdk-7-jre
http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty-updates/libgtk-3-0
http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/libcolord1 (recommends colord)
http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/colord
http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty-updates/policykit-1
http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty-updates/libpam-systemd
http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty-updates/systemd-services


How to install terminology emulator on Ubuntu 14.04?

Run the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:enlightenment-git/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install terminology

This will install the latest Terminology (currently, version 0.6.99).

This is not the stable release though. If you want the stable release (currently, version 0.3, and I don't think it's supported on Ubuntu 14.04 yet), replace ppa:enlightenment-git/ppa in the above steps with ppa:efl/trunk.


How do I get rid of my Ubuntu One account?

Even if you can add more email addresses, you should still have your own accounts. Sharing files and folders between accounts is very easy.


I found this article that you should look at, here is an except:

Hardware interrupts are used by devices to communicate that they require attention from the operating system. Some common examples are a hard disk signalling that is has read a series of data blocks, or that a network device has processed a buffer containing network packets. Interrupts are also used for asynchronous events, such as the arrival of new data from an external network. Hardware interrupts are delivered directly to the CPU using a small network of interrupt management and routing devices. This chapter describes the different types of interrupt and how they are processed by the hardware and by the operating system. It also describes how the MRG Realtime kernel differs from the standard kernel in handling the types of interrupt.
A standard system receives many millions of interrupts over the course of its operation, including a semi-regular "timer" interrupt that periodically performs maintainance and system scheduling decisions. It may also receive special kinds of interrupts, such as NMI (Non-Maskable Interrupts) and SMI (System Management Interrupts).
Hardware interrupts are referenced by an interrupt number. These numbers are mapped back to the piece of hardware that created the interrupt. This enables the system to monitor which device created the interrupt and when it occured.
In most computer systems, interrupts are handled as quickly as possible. When an interrupt is received, any current activity is stopped and an interrupt handler is executed. The handler will preempt any other running programs and system activities, which can slow the entire system down, and create latencies. MRG Realtime modifies the way interrupts are handled in order to improve performance, and decrease latency.

From that article the numbers beside these interrupts are an indication of the number of it occurring and the bigger the number the higher the latency. I have similar interrupt statistics to yours. It has not affected my system negatively as from that article the system is designed to handle them. And it's used to check the state of the components or parts of a system.
Source:
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_MRG/1.3/html/Realtime_Reference_Guide/chap-Realtime_Reference_Guide-Hardware_interrupts.html


using gparted to create more than 4 partitions?

From the extended partition's unallocated space, create a  new ext4 partition.
Now run the Ubuntu installer.Choose "something else" option and select newly creted ext4 partition.Finally install Ubuntu on the created ext4 partition.It will also allows you to create swap partition.
How much space did you want to allocate for your swap partition


HPLIP: "hp-setup -i" won't ask to setup plugin for HP LaserJet Pro MFP M428fdw

You need to install some Python 3 packages:
sudo apt-get install python3-pyqt5 python3-dbus.mainloop.pyqt5 python3-notify python3-reportlab

Then when you run hplip…….run
sh hplip-3.20.9.run

answer the install dependencies with a ‘no’
You need to do this too:
sudo apt-get install libcanberra-gtk-module

Now delete your printer and reinstall. It should work.


Sending email from Gmail account to local Ubuntu server

Yes, you can. What you have to do is to get a domain. Configure your mail server with a functioning DNS record (e.g. mail.example.com, if example.com is your domain).

Next, add a MX Record to DNS. This tells other mailservers whom they should talk to to deliver mail for example.com

The third thing you have to do is to set up Postfix to accept mail.

In /etc/postfix/main.cf you will find a line that begins with mydestination. This is a comma seperated list of domains for which postfix will accept mail. It probably contains localhost already. After appending your domain it should look something like this:

mydestination = localhost, example.com

At that stage you should be able to accept incoming e-mail from the Internet. There's a lot of configuration you probably want to do in addition, such as adding TLS certificates to the SMTP server, set up IMAP server and so forth, but the tre steps above will make you able to receive e-mail from the Internet.


Did you recently install all updates and reboot? Maybe you have to unmute the volume once. My sound was fixed installing updates last week.


Did you download the correct eclipse enviroment?
Checking the eclipse website: http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/moreinfo/c.php

Verify if you download the correct enviroment, if not go to the link above.
Hope it helps you.


I can get the mouse working again by opening a terminal and running sudo rmmod psmouse && sudo modprobe psmouse


How to install Qt 5.x 32 bit on 64 bit ubuntu/debian?

Simply install the same packages as for 64-bit, but append :i386 onto the package name. For example, libqt5webkit5:i386. To compile against the libraries, you'll also need the appropriate i386 version of the appropriate -dev packages.


It is far preferable to install the version of the driver tweaked for Ubuntu rather than compile a one-size-maybe-fits-all from source code. Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection, open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo modprobe wl

You should be all set.


Error: The new file /usr/lib/php/7.0/php.ini-production.cli does not exist!

after 2 hours of testing, this worked for me:

remove (purge) apache and all php packages:

apt-get purge php*
apt-get purge apache2

install these packages:

apt-get install apache2 php7.0 libapache2-mod-php7.0


Connecting Two Computers Together: Assigning IP doesnt work

when system rebooting it read netwoking init script, which get information about your network setting from /etc/network/interfaces. Edit this file and all will be ok.


With your icon placed in ~/.local/icons or in ~/.icons, it will be picked up by simply specifying the file name without extension, i.e. search in your case. "Modern" practice requires placing icons under ~/.local/icons. The traditional location, ~/.icons, still works. Valid graphics formats for icons are png, xpm and svg.


If you cannot get a satisfactory result from any available Linux application, you can try this freeware Windows application under WINE as a much lighter (with many more features) alternative to Adobe Reader: www.tracker-software.com/product/pdf-xchange-viewer


What's they Key combination for the Compiz Grid Plug in?

1) Make sure the Grid plugin is enabled.

2) Click over the shortcut key combination and change it to what you want.

As our friend Uri Herrera said above, it makes difference if you use numpad keyboard.

Enjoy ;-)


Extend bluetooth timer before disconnect on 14.04

Timeout settings can be configured in files found in /etc/bluetooth/ .
I would start with the main.conf file first.


Ubuntu right click dropdown menu has very few options on upgrade to 12.10

Yes this looks correct in Ubuntu with Unity Desktop.

You got more options if you hover the mouse over the Panel on the upper side of the desktop

EDIT: I made a screenshot. It's in German but it should be the same.

EDIT2: I made another Screenshot of the options i.e. create an new empty file.


Ubuntu 16.10 Dual Boot error - 'grub-efi-amd64-signed' package failed to install

I suspect that the problem is related to the fact that your computer is using an NVMe "disk" device. Such devices are still new enough that they cause problems for many tools. My hypothesis is that the Ubuntu installer, or a tool on which it relies, is becoming confused by the NVMe device and so is failing to install correctly. The Boot Info Script that you ran seems to be a bit confused, too, so I'm working on incomplete information -- but I do have enough to suggest a workaround:

If you haven't already done so, disable Secure Boot.
Download the USB flash drive of my rEFInd boot manager. (There are download links for a USB image on that page.)
Prepare a USB flash drive with rEFInd.
Boot the USB flash drive with rEFInd. You should see the rEFInd menu, and it should show options to boot both Ubuntu and Windows.
Select the Ubuntu boot option in rEFInd. With any luck, Ubuntu will boot up.
If Ubuntu boots, download the latest test/development version of rEFInd using this link. That's a Debian package that you can install by typing sudo dpkg -i refind_0.10.4.2-0ppa1_amd64.deb from the directory in which it resides. Note that I'm specifying you use this version because it includes some fixes for NVMe-related issues in the installer. The older official release version (0.10.4) might work, but this one's fixes might be required for you. Anybody reading this much past February 22, 2017 should check the main rEFInd page (above) to see if a newer version is available and, if one is, use it instead.
Reboot and hope for the best.

With any luck, your system will boot up to rEFInd, which should enable you to boot either Windows or Ubuntu. Note, however, that I can't promise this procedure will work; there are any number of points where it might fail. If you run into problems, please feel free to post back with more details.

Instead of installing rEFInd in step #6, you could try installing GRUB manually by typing sudo grub-install; however, whatever problem blocked the GRUB installation in the installer is likely to block this procedure, too, which is why I recommended installing rEFInd above. You could try this, though, if you prefer to use GRUB. If nothing else, installing GRUB from the console in this way is likely to produce better error messages than what the Ubuntu installer produced.


Why won't Ubuntu show section 3 of signal manual?

I think it's because - in Linux - signal is implemented as a system call rather than a library function, and therefore belongs in Section 2 of the manual rather than Section 3.
You can add a Section 3 man page for the POSIX signal implementation by installing the manpages-posix-dev package:
$ dpkg -S $(man -w 3 signal)
manpages-posix-dev: /usr/share/man/man3/signal.3posix.gz

For compatibility reasons, glibc also provides a signal library function that is documented in Section 3 of the manpages as bsd_signal:
BSD_SIGNAL(3)              Linux Programmer's Manual             BSD_SIGNAL(3)

NAME
       bsd_signal - signal handling with BSD semantics

SYNOPSIS
       #include <signal.h>

       typedef void (*sighandler_t)(int);

       sighandler_t bsd_signal(int signum, sighandler_t handler);

See also:

What is the difference between system call and library call?


You can use clonezilla to make a backup of the whole disk partition that is very simple to use and fast to recover.


Although not a direct answer to your question about BUILDING caffe, i found the best way to get up and running is to use conda. First start by making an environment

conda create -n caffe

then

conda install caffe

OR

conda install caffe-gpu

Not only does conda solve all the dependencies but it also installs the correct version of cudatoolkit and cudnn. And if you want python 2 you can

conda create -n python2Caffe-GPU python=2.7

conda install caffe-gpu=1.0=py27heda4471_3

The variable, py27heda4471_3, is the build version and you have many to choose from

conda search caffe-gpu

gives a list


I just checked mine, after having seen your posted pic, and found that mine are the same.  I did not notice this in Unity, but started experimenting with the Classic interface today.


From the comments...

You're running Trusty/14.04 with an updated kernel 4.4.0-72. You've installed:

http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/5.1.18/virtualbox-5.1_5.1.18-114002~Ubuntu~trusty_amd64.deb

which doesn't match your kernel. Did you also install the newer "linux-extras" .deb and the newer "linux-headers" .deb? If not, install them, or downgrade to the stock kernel from the Trusty distribution.

You can also GRUB boot to the prior original Trusty kernel, if you've kept it around.

If you keep your current kernel, you'll need to install a newer version of VirtualBox, probably this one:

http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/5.1.18/virtualbox-5.1_5.1.18-114002~Ubuntu~xenial_amd64.deb.


I did some more research.

I found that I can use plesk panel, which has an auto-reply feature built in.


When I have two instances open it didn't ask to choose any one in Ubuntu 18.04

Without getting into the lengthy discussion of what exactly went wrong, but I have feeling that is related with the GNOME Shell, which is the default Ubuntu desktop. I don't use Ubuntu Official just because of that. My suggestion is you do the same. As alternative,

Use Ubuntu Mate, for all sorts of reasons, unless you are religiously attached to Ubuntu Official/GNOME Shell.

Not the answer you were looking for, but you will love Ubuntu Mate.

You can install MATE DE along with current installed DE with

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-mate-desktop

and compare your experience in it with any previous.


Why is terminal telling me that my .rar file is not a RAR archive?

Your file is empty. Probably an unfinished download or just the wrong file altogether. You will need to go back to wherever you got it from and try to download it again.

In future, remember that you can always use the file command to determine the file type of a file. In this particular case, you would also have been able to see that its empty by running

ls -lh  "/home/superpajamarama/Desktop/PS2 Games/Futurama.rar"

which would have shown an 0 byte sized file.


To add favourites, right click on the application and select 'Add to favourites'. Alternatively, you can drag them to the launcher.

To create an extra instance of the application, right click on the application in the launcher and select 'New Window'.

For a list of shortcuts, search for 'System settings' and select 'Keyboard'. Click on 'shortcuts' tab and you can see all the shortcuts that are available for use in Gnome-shell.


Will Unity work with an ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4250?

I am typing this on a laptop with a mobility radeon 4200.  It is an AMD Nile chipset, and as of Natty, everything except wireless works out of the box.  I had to upgrade to a kernel-ppa for 2.6.39, and then that also worked out of the box.  in 2.6.39, unfortunately, the proprietary drivers do not seem to install.  The open source drivers for the graphics card work, though at reduced performance and higher operating temperature.   When I play Minecraft, it gets uncomfortably hot.   I got an auxillary (25$) USB external cooler (two fans) for my laptop which has solved the problem for me for now.   I hope that oneiric will either work with the proprietary drivers, or have much improved open ones.   My laptop is 11.6 inches, very compact.  This cooling problem will likely not affect larger formats.  Anyways, with some caveats, it works.


I installed LoL myself under WINE and it ran just fine on 15.10. However, I utilized a program called PlayOnLinux to help with the installation.

PlayOnLinux is really useful because it hides a bunch of the complexity of WINE and gives a nice GUI, it keeps all of the programs installed through it in separate virtual drives, so if one program messes something up it doesn't take all of the rest of your WINE programs with it, and has the ability to download & install tons of programs and games directly from the GUI.

As for installing LoL with PlayOnLinux, there are just a few steps. You'll need to use the terminal for this bit, you can open it by pressing Ctrl-Alt-T.

First, you'll need to add the NoobsLab PPA. This will let you get a newer version of PlayOnLinux (with bug fixes and improvements) than the one in the default Ubuntu repositories. This can be done by running these commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/apps
sudo apt-get update

Then, you'll need to install the i386 version of WINE and PlayOnLinux:

sudo apt-get install wine:i386 playonlinux

Once that completes, you can go ahead and launch PlayOnLinux via either the Unity Menu or via running playonlinux in Terminal.

You may have to go through a setup that involves downloading a few more files that PlayOnLinux needs, depending on how you have your system set up. Just complete that and continue on.

Once you have PlayOnLinux up and running, you're going to want to click the Install button:

This will bring up a new window in which you can search for programs and games. From there you're going to want to search League in the search box and it will bring up League of Legends as the only option:

If you select the Install button a wizard will show up and guide you through the installation:

Just follow those steps and you should soon have a working LoL installation!


Under these circumnstances to be able to edit the .bashrc:

Go to the terminal and go to Edit/Preferences/Commands:

Tick these 2 :

Run command as a login shell
Run a custom command instead of my shell

Custom command: /bin/dash

Close and open a new tab in the terminal, you should have a $ and
    be able to run some basic commands
Now you can edit your .bashrc file (in your home directory), copy the content to .bashrc_bad and then preferably delete everything inside .bashrc
Save it and run bash to see if it crashes again


VirtualBox 4.3 on Ubuntu 13.10 unable to run VM

The installed kernel was absolute. Its headers is not any more in the repository. So the best thing to do is to update the kernel to last version in the repository.

Check which kernel running:

uname -a

Update the kernel, linux-generic is a meta package to keep current version of the kernel & its headers:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install linux-generic

Reboot, Check again:

uname -a

If it didn't work, then use Synaptic to install its headers or upgrade/install to the last kernel release (search for "linux").


Automatic transfer of clipboard copied text to some text file

The steps to follow are the same as the source in Glutanimate,Siddharth, but instead of using the program used in Glutanimate,Siddharth here the program given below should be used.

Before using the program, you must specify, in the program, the destination file of the copied text. In the case below, the destination file is /home/jim-carrey/Desktop/your-file.txt. The program is as follows:

#!/bin/bash

# name: automatic_transfer_copied_text
# author: Ghost Rider
# source: Glutanimate and Siddharth (https://askubuntu.com/questions/1167026/detect-clipboard-copy-paste-event-and-modify-clipboard-contents)

# Automatically transfers text copied by the mouse to some text file

while ./clipnotify;
do
  SelectedText="$(xsel)"
  CopiedText="$(xsel -b)"
  if [[ $CopiedText == $SelectedText ]]; then
    echo $CopiedText >> "/home/jim-carrey/Desktop/your-file.txt"
  fi
done

Dependencies :

xsel
sudo apt-get install xsel
clipnotify (https://github.com/cdown/clipnotify)
You can use the pre-compiled clipnotify provided in the repository or compile yourself.

To compile clipnotify yourself :
sudo apt install git build-essential libx11-dev libxtst-dev
git clone https://github.com/cdown/clipnotify.git
cd clipnotify
sudo make

To USE :

Download this repository as zip or copy and paste the script in a text editor and save it as automatic_transfer_copied_text.sh.
Make sure that script and clipnotify (downloaded or precompiled) are in same folder.
Open terminal in script's folder and set permission
chmod +x "automatic_transfer_copied_text.sh"
Run by entering in terminal :
./automatic_transfer_copied_text.sh
Ready. While the program is running, any copied text will be sent to the specified file, in the case in question, /home/jim-carrey/Desktop/your-file.txt.


Installing Ubuntu using updated Live USB

if you install packages  to the usb with the Persistence mode  then use the installer it will NOT as far as i have seen Install the new packages to the installed system.

For example, you make a live-usb with persistence and install the nvidia drivers. Then boot the usb in a nvidia laptop  it should run fine. However when you install to the laptop the nvidia drivers will NOT get installed to the new install.

This is both a good thing and a bad thing. It would be nice if you could install the extra packages, however there may often be cases where you would not want an exact copy. (on an pc using ATI video chipset for example)

There are ways to 'remaster' a live cd to include extra packages. This remastered live cd, could then be used to make a live flash that would install the extra packages also.

In the example above (about nvidia drivers)  i should point out that i have had issues in the past with the Persistence mode actually using the drivers. I had to alter some things to get them to start up properly. I have not tested how well this works in 11.04 yet.  I normally install the nvidia drivers to a Persistence mode flash drive in order to make installing easier on my nvidia machines.


Built-in Speaker and Microphone not working on ubuntu 20.04

I would suggest leave ALSA alone and play only with Pulse audio volume control (pavucontrol). You have to install it on Ubuntu 20.04LTS.
Info from Learn how audio on Linux works

pavucontrol is a dynamic panel consisting of five tabs:

Configuration: activates sound cards and defines the usage profile. On my desktop machine, for instance, I generally have HDMI de-activated and my built-in analog card on and set to Stereo Duplex. You won't often use this panel; it's mostly something you set once and forget about.

Input Devices: currently available input devices (anything capable of making sound). These usually consist of a microphone (very common on laptops, which usually have a built-in mic for the webcam), a line-in, and a "monitor" device for whatever is currently playing on your system (more on that later).

Output Devices: currently available output targets, such as desktop speakers and headphones (plugged into Line Out ports), and USB headsets.

Recording: currently active recording sessions. This might be a web browser looking for sound input for a video chat session, or it might be a recording application like Audacity. If it's got a socket open for sound, it's here.

Playback: currently active sounds streams being played. If it's meant to be heard, then it's here.


How are the Ubuntu server preinstalled images resized to fit disk upon first boot?

Thank you for getting involved.
raspi-config indeed handles that in Raspberry Pi OS.
Having to implement such a functionality myself, putting together a simple script using 'growpart' and 'resize2fs', managed by a systemd service, was sufficient to get the job done.


Issue of Lubuntu 20.04.1 freezing randomly at times

You have no swap!
~$ free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          2.9Gi       671Mi       1.3Gi       141Mi       997Mi       2.0Gi
Swap:            0B          0B          0B

Let's create a /swapfile...
Note: Incorrect use of the dd command can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
In the terminal...
Note: instructions reduced from a 4G, to a 1G /swapfile, due to disk space issues.
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=1024

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 3G RAM and 1G swap

Add this /swapfile line at the end of /etc/fstab... and confirm no other “swap” lines...
To edit, use sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab or sudo pico /etc/fstab
/swapfile    none    swap    sw      0   0

reboot                    # reboot and verify operation