Running rmadison thunderbird we can see that Thunderbird version 78.x is in the -proposed repository for now.
~$ rmadison thunderbird
 thunderbird | 11.0.1+build1-0ubuntu2            | precise          | source, amd64, armel, armhf, i386, powerpc
 thunderbird | 1:24.4.0+build1-0ubuntu1          | trusty           | source, amd64, armhf, i386, powerpc
 thunderbird | 1:38.6.0+build1-0ubuntu1          | xenial           | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, powerpc, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:38.8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1  | precise-security | powerpc
 thunderbird | 1:38.8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1  | precise-updates  | powerpc
 thunderbird | 1:45.8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1  | precise-security | source, amd64, armel, armhf, i386
 thunderbird | 1:45.8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1  | precise-updates  | source, amd64, armel, armhf, i386
 thunderbird | 1:45.8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.14.04.1  | trusty-security  | powerpc
 thunderbird | 1:45.8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.14.04.1  | trusty-updates   | powerpc
 thunderbird | 1:45.8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.16.04.1  | xenial-security  | powerpc
 thunderbird | 1:45.8.0+build1-0ubuntu0.16.04.1  | xenial-updates   | powerpc
 thunderbird | 1:52.7.0+build1-0ubuntu1          | bionic           | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el
 thunderbird | 1:60.6.1+build2-0ubuntu0.14.04.1  | trusty-security  | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el
 thunderbird | 1:60.6.1+build2-0ubuntu0.14.04.1  | trusty-updates   | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el
 thunderbird | 1:68.7.0+build1-0ubuntu2          | focal            | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:68.10.0+build1-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 | xenial-security  | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:68.10.0+build1-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 | xenial-updates   | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:68.10.0+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 | bionic-security  | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:68.10.0+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 | bionic-updates   | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:68.10.0+build1-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 | focal-security   | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:68.10.0+build1-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 | focal-updates    | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:78.3.2+build1-0ubuntu1          | groovy           | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:78.5.0+build3-0ubuntu0.20.04.1  | focal-proposed   | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:78.6.1+build1-0ubuntu0.20.10.1  | groovy-security  | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:78.6.1+build1-0ubuntu0.20.10.1  | groovy-updates   | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:78.7.0+build2-0ubuntu1          | hirsute          | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, s390x
 thunderbird | 1:78.7.1+build1-0ubuntu1          | hirsute-proposed | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, s390x

It will be eventually moved to the main repository and upgrade after it
passes the 5 criteria from https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ProposedMigration

A (particular version of a) package will move into the release
pocket when it satisfies all of the following criteria:

It must be built and published on all architectures it is currently
published for in the release pocket (this applies to each binary,
but it is acceptable if other binaries from the same source for the
same architecture are up to date in -proposed and the binary in
question has been removed);

All of its dependencies must either be satisfiable by packages
already in the release pocket, or be satisfiable by the group of
packages which are going to be installed at the same time;

If the package or any of its binary or test reverse-dependencies
defines any autopkgtest test suites, they must either pass or never
have passed ("Always failed");

No bugs with the block-proposed tag are open against the package
(this can be used to temporarily block a package on manual testing);

The operation of installing the package into the release pocket must
not break any packages currently in the release pocket.

A package which satisfies the first three of the above is said to be a
"Valid Candidate". A package which does not satisfy the first three of
the above is said to be "Not considered".

Unfortunately, there isn't a time frame for when the package will pass and be moved to the main repository for installation.  It is possible to enable the -proposed repository and install the newer version that way, but this can break packages by installing a version that hasn't passed all the criteria yet and can cause unpredictable behavior.


Windows does not appear in the GRUB list

Please allow me to confirm - did you set up cd-rom drive as your first boot device in BIOS? This should launch directly to Windows installer.\

Please keep in mind that installing Windows after ubuntu will overwrite grub with default windows launcher, that would need corrected then. Also it's a good idea not to use the partition with Ubuntu to install Windows on it, as Ubuntu will got purged that way...

Assuming you proceed with the Windows installation then, you would need to reinstall grub to regain access to Ubuntu system and grub itself.

Some space might be needed at the beginning of the disk for grub to work though, so Windows can't be set up on the very beginning, I'd recommend leaving at least 16 MB of free data for boot record during Windows setting up.


How to change default FROM address for mail command using sSMTP?

There are a couple of settings in ssmtp that can be manipulated to allow a change in the 'From' field of emails:

There is a setting within /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf. By default the system selects the 'From' address but this can be altered by unchecking the FromLineOverride line:

# Are users allowed to set their own From: address?
# YES - Allow the user to specify their own From: address
# NO - Use the system generated From: address
#FromLineOverride=YES

By 'unchecking' I mean remove the hash mark at the beginning of that particular line.
There can be settings within /etc/ssmtp/revaliases to allow a specific 'From' line from each user. The example given in revaliases is reasonably unhelpful:

# Example: root:your_login@your.domain:mailhub.your.domain[:port]
# where [:port] is an optional port number that defaults to 25.

But the man pages gives a much more explicit example:

A reverse  alias  gives  the From: address placed on a user's outgoing
messages and (optionally) the  mailhub  these  messages  will  be  sent
through. Example:

 root:jdoe@isp.com:mail.isp.com

Messages  root  sends  will be identified as from jdoe@isp.com and sent
through mail.isp.com.

I personally do not use ssmtp instead I use msmtp where the syntax for altering the 'From' field is a lot simpler and can be contained in the file $HOME/.msmtprc:

from my.email.address@myisp.com

which is a lot easier...

References:

Arch Wiki: ssmtp


How to safely control Linux with a light switch?

Try to design your program to be stateless - read from sensors, receive data from network ports, write to serial ports and/or to network connections, etc, without writing to hard disks/flash memory. You could have read-only access to a configuration file, that is fine.

If this is not possible use journalling file system (i.e. ext4) and mount it with options sync,journal=data. This will do more writes to the storage media but will ensure consistency - if the power goes out in the middle of a write your program will see either the old version of the file or the new one. You would also need to add some checkpoint/restart functionality to your program.

Another advice: keep your files closed. Whenever you need to store something do open, seek, write, close.

A bit more information about what are you trying to achieve would be usefull..


Ethernet and wifi not working Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Connect to the internet using your phone and run in a terminal

sudo apt update
sudo apt install git dkms
git clone -b rtw88 https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
sudo dkms add ./rtlwifi_new
sudo dkms install rtlwifi-new/0.6

That should fix the wireless.


I think you can do a test, like this:

mv ~/.steam/ ~/.steam-old

then launch steam, re-login-in.


Bios/Firmware/EFI upgrade changed network port config

So what else changed that would have messed up the udev rules?  PCI address somehow?  MAC?  Would an EFI update have actually touched the NICs? (Perhaps if the onboards are also Intel NICs and it was more than just an EFI update...) but that's really a stretch.

solsTiCe is right, the udev rule should have prevented that from happening.


Moving files from external hdd to notebook doesn't work

As we discussed in the comments, it is still possible to transfer your files to your device with the terminal (instead of the gui), even when there are spaces in the device name. You can either escape it with

/media/Your\ Drive   or /media/"Your Drive"

(If you are on 12.10 the new location is /media/user/YourDrive, so please keep that in mind for the following instructions)

Then use something like rsync or gcp, as both of these have a progress bar and a verbose setting which reports the details of the transfer so you can see if any errors are occuring. As an example, rsync is particularly useful, and the command

rsync -avi --progress /home/mike/bin /media/MCADisc

which will give a detailed report about what is being transferred:

sending incremental file list
cd+++++++++ bin/
>f+++++++++ bin/Times
          74 100%    0.00kB/s    0:00:00 (xfer#1, to-check=17/19)
>f+++++++++ bin/apt_centre
         158 100%   17.14kB/s    0:00:00 (xfer#2, to-check=16/19)

sent 61751462 bytes  received 358 bytes  8233576.00 bytes/sec
total size is 61742705  speedup is 1.00

You could also use gcp if your prefer, which I have discussed here:

Progress and speed with 'cp'?

Both methods should transfer your files correctly or give you a good idea of what the issue is, as they give much more useful information than when you transfer files with the gui tools.

If you still cannot transfer your files correctly, then I should consider
William Bell's ideas to test the filesystem integrity on your disks.


Speeding up a Mono compilation / installation

It depends. If the servers are identical (same distro and same version of that distro) you can copy files. If the servers aren't identical, it depends (copying between distros is likely to fail, between versions of the same distro may or may not work).

The easiest way to do it is to copy the entire repository (after running configure && make), and then just run make install on the target system, just like you suggested.

Usually mono installs into /usr/local by default (it depends a bit on the system), and if you don't have anything else there, you should also be able to just copy that directory to the target system (if you do have something there, you can create a file list before and after running make install do have a list of files you need to copy).


Network Manager often has trouble working with Broadcom.

I like to use WICD because it is a simple and easy to use network manager. Its a very good alternative to network manager in Ubuntu and it seems to always work when Network Manager doesn't. To install it just open up the terminal.

To download and install WICD
sudo apt-get install wicd-gtk

And now you need to uninstall NetworkManager:
sudo apt-get remove --purge network-manager-gnome network-manager

Now you can find WICD in your menu Start WICD, find the network you want to use and enter the information needed, password, encryption, etcetera and choose Automatically Connect to this network. You should be good to go!

WICD may also be available in Ubuntu Update Manager so you can look there first but it is important to uninstall Network Manager completely to prevent conflicts!!


I suppose you could try it in Virtualbox or VMWare Player?

The crashing on reboot could be caused by all sorts of things.


Take a look at fatrace written by Martin Pitt.

It will monitor all system-wide reads/writes/opens/closes alongside the PIDs and the names of their processes.

Get it:

bzr branch lp:fatrace

Build it:

cd fatrace
make

Run it:

sudo ./fatrace -t | grep "/path/to/your/file"


How do I get an iball 3.5G modem working on Ubuntu?

It may be a bit late now, yet I was unable to connect using iBall 3.5g v2.0 on my Ubuntu 12.04. All the guides available online were not useful.
Edit: First the BashScript I'm using to connect my iBall3.5G
#!/bin/bash
set -x
usb_modeswitch -W -n -I -v 05c6 -p f000 -V 05c6 -P 0016 -M 55534243e0793c88000000000000061b000000020000000000000000000000 > /dev/null 2>&1
modprobe usb_wwan
modprobe option
echo 05C6 0016 > /sys/bus/usb-serial/drivers/option1/new_id

It takes 5 to 15 seconds to enable USB WireLess Dongle for connection.
Now debugging the problem:
Use Case
iBall 3.5G v2.0 is working on WinXP(SP3) and not in Ubuntu 12.04
NOTE: It may not suit your issue as many online solutions I read didn't work for me. Read through the steps for matching scenario.

You need administrators/root privileges to perform below steps

Step 1:
Plug Dongle(USB Data Card) into a USB port with Ubuntu running.
Step 2:
tail /var/log/kern.log to see how it was detected
root@SiRi-Inspiron-3521:~# tailf /var/log/kern.log

kernel: [12607.331240] usb 3-2: new high-speed USB device number 12 using xhci_hcd
kernel: [12607.348772] usb 3-2: config 1 has an invalid interface number: 5 but max is 0
kernel: [12607.348788] usb 3-2: config 1 has no interface number 0
kernel: [12607.352291] scsi21 : usb-storage 3-2:1.5
kernel: [12608.352700] scsi 21:0:0:0: CD-ROM            3G Modem Mass Storage     2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
kernel: [12608.357251] sr1: scsi-1 drive
kernel: [12608.357554] sr 21:0:0:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr1
kernel: [12608.357754] sr 21:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 5

Note: an interface were identified as invalid. Apparently this was the cause of all problems.
Step 3:
Finding out the default Vendor & Product IDs
On Ubuntu use command lsusb. Typical output for the device, I've removed others from output for clarity
root@SiRi-Inspiron-3521:~# lsusb
Bus 003 Device 012: ID 05c6:f000 Qualcomm, Inc.

you can run lsusb -v -d 05c6:f000 for verbose output
Notice idVendor, idProduct; these are default IDs as detected by Ubuntu.
typical output:
root@SiRi-Inspiron-3521:~# lsusb -v -d 05c6:f000

Bus 003 Device 012: ID 05c6:f000 Qualcomm, Inc.
Device Descriptor:
  bLength                18
  bDescriptorType         1
  bcdUSB               2.00
  bDeviceClass            0 (Defined at Interface level)
  bDeviceSubClass         0
  bDeviceProtocol         0
  bMaxPacketSize0        64
  idVendor           0x05c6 Qualcomm, Inc.
  idProduct          0xf000
  bcdDevice            0.00
  iManufacturer           3
  iProduct                2 iBall 3.5G Wireless Modem
  iSerial                 4 1234567890ABCDEF
  bNumConfigurations      1
  Configuration Descriptor:
    bLength                 9
    bDescriptorType         2
    wTotalLength           32
    bNumInterfaces          1
    bConfigurationValue     1
    iConfiguration          1 iBall 3.5G Wireless Modem
    bmAttributes         0xe0
      Self Powered
      Remote Wakeup
    MaxPower              500mA
    Interface Descriptor:
      bLength                 9
      bDescriptorType         4
      bInterfaceNumber        5
      bAlternateSetting       0
      bNumEndpoints           2
      bInterfaceClass         8 Mass Storage
      bInterfaceSubClass      6 SCSI
      bInterfaceProtocol     80 Bulk-Only
      iInterface              0
      Endpoint Descriptor:
        bLength                 7
        bDescriptorType         5
        bEndpointAddress     0x01  EP 1 OUT
        bmAttributes            2
          Transfer Type            Bulk
          Synch Type               None
          Usage Type               Data
        wMaxPacketSize     0x0200  1x 512 bytes
        bInterval               0
      Endpoint Descriptor:
        bLength                 7
        bDescriptorType         5
        bEndpointAddress     0x81  EP 1 IN
        bmAttributes            2
          Transfer Type            Bulk
          Synch Type               None
          Usage Type               Data
        wMaxPacketSize     0x0200  1x 512 bytes
        bInterval               0
Device Qualifier (for other device speed):
  bLength                10
  bDescriptorType         6
  bcdUSB               2.00
  bDeviceClass            0 (Defined at Interface level)
  bDeviceSubClass         0
  bDeviceProtocol         0
  bMaxPacketSize0        64
  bNumConfigurations      1
Device Status:     0x0001
  Self Powered

For an experienced eye this is an incomplete listing.
Step 4:
Finding out working VendorID & ProductID. As iBall3.5G is working on WinXP(SP3)
we can extract IDs from the log generated by iBall Connection manager.
When you connect using iBall connection manager on WinXP(SP3), USB message exchanged are logged. Filename may be different: Note
Matching hardware ID: usb\vid_05c6&pid_0016&mi_04

File: C:\WINDOWS\ModemLog_3GUSB Modem.txt

02-09-2014 03:47:19.390 - Modem type: 3GUSB Modem
02-09-2014 03:47:19.390 - Modem inf path: oem119.inf
02-09-2014 03:47:19.390 - Modem inf section: Modem2
02-09-2014 03:47:19.390 - Matching hardware ID: usb\vid_05c6&pid_0016&mi_04
02-09-2014 03:47:19.390 - 115200,8,N,1, ctsfl=0, rtsctl=1
02-09-2014 03:47:19.406 - Initializing modem.
02-09-2014 03:47:19.406 - CD is high while initializing modem.
02-09-2014 03:47:19.406 - Send: AT<cr>

If iBall connection Manager was not installed then it's alright, we'll install later.
Step 5:
Finding out how default (Vendor, Product) IDs were switched to working (Vendor, Product) IDs on WinXP(SP3) => Switch Event
We need SniffUSB_v2.0 for capturing messages exchanged between Dongle(USB MoDem) & OS during driver installation.
NOTE: I'm not aware of other options that are already existing on WinXP(sp3) to facilitate to capture required packets.
Download page for SniffUSB for WinXP(SP3)
UsbSnoop for WinXP from pcausa.com
As of this writing SniffUSB-x86-2.0.0006.zip was available.
Step 6:
If you've installed iBall Connection Manger & Drivers then uninstall both of them. We need to capture the switch event, remember?
Step 7:
Run SniffUSB.exe - remember with administrator rights.
Plug in dongle, you'll see something like below.

You can see Default(Vendor, Product) IDs listed.
Select the one which came after dongle plug in & click install filter. It's hidden behind that password prompt, something like this:

Step 8:
Remove the dongle & plugin again.
Now that we enabled(installed) a filter specific to our iBall3.5G, SniffUSB should dump packets exchanged.
Go ahead & install iBall connection manager & Drivers as usual.
Step 9:
By the time installation is finished size of UsbSnoop.log bloats to ~40 MB. We are only interested in last few messages that causes Switch Event
I was told the switch happened from the below message:
[255643 ms]  >>>  URB 1351 going down  >>>
-- URB_FUNCTION_BULK_OR_INTERRUPT_TRANSFER:
  PipeHandle           = 88470914 [endpoint 0x00000001]
  TransferFlags        = 00000000 (USBD_TRANSFER_DIRECTION_OUT, ~USBD_SHORT_TRANSFER_OK)
  TransferBufferLength = 0000001f
  TransferBuffer       = 892ee758
  TransferBufferMDL    = 00000000
    00000000: 55 53 42 43 e0 79 3c 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 1b
    00000010: 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  UrbLink              = 00000000
[255644 ms] UsbSnoop - MyInternalIOCTLCompletion(9e06f126) : fido=883eab50, Irp=883c79e0, Context=88424980, IRQL=2
[255644 ms]  <<<  URB 1351 coming back  <<<

I'm still trying to understand how to identify the switch from capture log:
iBall 3.5G Connect v2.0 setup on Ubuntu 12.04 issues
The message 55534243e0793c88000000000000061b000000020000000000000000000000 will help us in manually switching IDs(Vendor, Product) on Ubuntu.
Step 10:
On Ubuntu, plug in dongle then run below command(as root):
root@SiRi-Inspiron-3521:~# usb_modeswitch -W -n -I -v 05c6 -p f000 -V 05c6 -P 0016 -M 55534243e0793c88000000000000061b000000020000000000000000000000

by default Ubuntu(12.04) comes with usb_modeswitch (v1.2.3) bundle.

Notice the switch of IDs(Vendor, Product):
root@SiRi-Inspiron-3521:~# lsusb
Bus 003 Device 012: ID 05c6:0016 Qualcomm, Inc.

Step 11:
Getting working device files in /dev/
I was told 05c6:0016 USB ID is not directly supported by the option.ko serial driver (as of yet)
Run below commands to get required /dev/ files viz. [ttyUSB0 .. ttyUSB2]
root@SiRi-Inspiron-3521:~# modprobe usb_wwan
root@SiRi-Inspiron-3521:~# modprobe option
root@SiRi-Inspiron-3521:~# echo "05C6 0016" > /sys/bus/usb-serial/drivers/option1/new_id

You'll see most desired ttyUSB0, ttyUSB1 & ttyUSB2 listed under /dev/ directory.
Within 5 to 15 seconds a network should be automatically listed under 'Mobile Broadband' for connection.
Step 12:
Now the device is identified and ready for working, connecting to Internet is a child's play.
Fun-Fact:
All this circus is for just finding out the right message(55534243e0793c88000000000000061b000000020000000000000000000000) and working (Vendor,Product) IDs pair to cause switch event.
PS:
iBall3.5G comes with scripts for Linux, viz.
install, uninstall, wcdma, w-connect-chat, & dialup


Are there any PC-98 emulators for Ubuntu?

I may have found a solution. From the Touhou Wiki:

Neko Project II, T98Next and Anex86 work just fine under Wine. Also, if you're into two-player PoDD with a gamepad, JoyToKey also works under Wine.
There is also a port of Neko Project II for Linux and Mac OS X called Xnp2. However, as of this writing there are some sound problems that need to be investigated; using np2fmgen in Wine is recommended instead.

I haven't had time to test any of them yet, but it sounds promising...


Is it possible to save a disk image of a Windows machine to an Ubuntu server on the same network?

Since you said you primarily want to back up windows machines, this should get you going.

Set up your Ubuntu server (it doesn't actually have to be server edition) with samba. You'll use it just like a network drive with your Windows software. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Samba?action=show&redirect=SettingUpSamba
Set up full backup on your Windows machine. This can be done with Windows Backup and Restore via the network to your Ubuntu server if you have professional or ultimate. If you don't, instead of buying Windows Home Server (much more expensive), buy Acronis True Image which can also automate backups via network. In my experience these are the two simplest, cheapest, and best ways to do automated full disk backups on Windows.
When you're ready to backup an Ubuntu machine, you're ready to go with whatever backup software you like. (I have never found automatic full disk solutions for Ubuntu that work as well—as automatic and efficient—as the above I mentioned for Windows, so I just back up my data.) For Linux, I have used CrashPlan (back up to your Ubuntu server), Dropbox, and, currently, Wuala. CrashPlan is great because you can back up to your own machine via LAN or internet. I've stopped trying to back up my entire media collection, so I just use Wuala now for backing up/syncing folders. It has the great feature that you can "trade" HDD space for some of their server space.


How to combine time and at command on ubuntu?

You'll have to time the script, not the at command. Do something like:

echo "/usr/bin/time -o /tmp/script-time ./script.sh" | at now +2 min

And the output of time will be saved to /tmp/script-time.


Wacom Intuos CTL4100 on Ubuntu 18.04: device settings not available

you did reply - and I replied to your reply - but a mod converted my original reply to a comment per here which seemed to lose our subsequent discussion.

(To mods: sorry I'm posting again as an "answer" but I don't seem to have any other option because it says I need 50 reputation to post a comment)

As I said in that post: the lsusb output means the 2d1f VID problem is not the issue. But I suggest putting the .tablet file specific to your tablet into /usr/share/libwacom

I think for your tablet this is:
https://github.com/linuxwacom/libwacom/blob/master/data/intuos-s-p3.tablet


Hdd temp is not showing in Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy

Psensor is using the hddtemp daemon to monitor the temperature of the disks (if you did not enabled the support of the atasmart library).

See https://plus.google.com/100166747457211594542/posts/hFT2sPTzKKn

The hddtemp packaging of Ubuntu does no more enable the daemon by default, you have to manually enable it.

The solution is quite simple, edit /etc/default/hddtemp, replace RUN_DAEMON="false" by RUN_DAEMON="true" and reboot.


How do I configure juju for local usage?

Install Juju:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:juju/devel
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install juju-core lxd

You just need to configure the local provider:

newgrp lxd

Then bootstrap a new controller:

juju bootstrap lxd-test lxd

Follow the documentation for the  rest of the configuration steps:

Documentation


How can I rip my CDs into Apple Lossless (ALAC)?

ALAC is a proprietary codec. Ubuntu only ships free (libre) applications.

ffmpeg  can encode and decode ALAC with the following command:

ffmpeg -i <input> -acodec alac <output>.m4a

Change input and output to you filename but you will need to rip the CD to either FLAC or WAV first (since the programs that rip CDs are probably limited to MP3, OGG, FLAC and WAV and will not natively support ALAC.


A new release just came out recently! http://news.softpedia.com/news/amd-rolls-out-amdgpu-pro-16-40-driver-for-ubuntu-and-red-hat-enterprise-linux-509737.shtml

I haven't tried yet but I am on it now.
Here's the link to AMD: http://support.amd.com/en-us/kb-articles/Pages/AMD-Radeon-GPU-PRO-Linux-Beta-Driver%E2%80%93Release-Notes.aspx


netplan gateway6 seems to have no effect

Subnets are (almost) always a /64. You configured your interface as a /128, which is only a single address. That means the gateway is on a different subnet and can't be reached.

What you probably want is to configure the address as a /64, and everything should work. The /64 is just a subnet mask. You're still assigning only a single address.


Will my Ubuntu One account expire if I don't use it regularly?

I asked the Ubuntu One support team this question and the response was:

  Currently we do not deactivate accounts for inactivity

Source


Window can't detect Hard Disk after trying to repair dual-boot via Boot Repair

The following GParted message is very troubling:

  The driver descriptor says the physical block size is 2048 bytes, but Linux says it is 512 bytes.

Most hard disks have 512-byte logical sectors. Older hard disks also have 512-byte physical sectors, but many newer ones have 4096-byte physical sectors, each of which is "translated" into eight 512-byte sectors. A few modern disks have 4096-byte physical and logical sectors. The only disks I know of with 2048-byte sectors are optical disks -- CDs, DVDs, magneto-optical (MO) disks, and variants of these like CD-Rs. Thus, the fact that GParted is saying that the physical block (sector) size is 2048 on a regular hard disk is very strange.

The sector size is not something you can change; it's fixed in the hardware, at least on modern hard disks. Thus, the fact that GParted is claiming the physical sector size is something strange points to a hardware failure. If so, you'll need to replace your disk. Perhaps doing a low-level copy of the original filesystem to a new disk will make it readable again. OTOH, your fdisk output indicates a standard 512-byte sector size (both physical and logical). Thus, it could be that you've found a bug in GParted (or the libparted library upon which it relies).

Another possibility is that the GParted message is referring to the size of filesystem data blocks (aka "cluster size"). According to this Microsoft page, these can be 512 bytes to 64 KiB for NTFS, depending on what OS version created the filesystem and what the filesystem's size is. If the NTFS data structures have become damaged, it's conceivable that Windows would become unbootable and Linux utilities would also be unable to cope. If this hypothesis is correct, there's a chance that an NTFS repair utility could fix the filesystem. Note that there are no good NTFS repair utilities for Linux. The ntfsfix tool just does a few trivial checks and then flags the filesystem for repair in Windows. To properly repair this filesystem, you'd need to boot a Windows emergency disk and then run CHKDSK on it, or some other Windows filesystem-repair tool. If you think this is the cause, I recommend asking on a Windows forum for more help, since NTFS repair is a Windows issue, not an Ubuntu issue.

In any event, I strongly recommend that you first back up the entire disk, or at least the Windows partition. This will require a target disk that's at least as large as the source disk or partition. A command like the following should do the trick:

sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/path/to/lots/of/space/sda.img

This will back up the entire /dev/sda device to /path/to/lots/of/space/sda.img; you'd mount your backup medium to /path or some subdirectory on the way to sda.img. (You'd probably change the name of the mount point, of course.)

You could use a similar command to copy the entire disk; you'd just use of=/dev/sdb rather than an of= value that points to a file on a filesystem. Be very careful with dd, though, especially when you target a whole disk device; if you reverse the if= and of= options, or otherwise provide incorrect options, you can easily trash your original disk.


How do I Recoll Search my NTFS partition?

Once you mount the windows partition (it's probably already mounted under /media/...) you can add it to your recoll index through the recoll settings gui just like any other folder.


Java Issue with Minecraft Realms on Ubuntu 18.04.1

I was able to get past the realms error by installing the updated launcher from Mojangs site:

https://minecraft.net/en-us/download/

There is also a link to it at the top of the "new launcher" that came with the underwater upgrades.

Cheers.


Cannot start Wubi 11.10 without "nomodeset"

Try this fix:
In the grub menu, press E to edit the line starting with linux /boot/.... Add the following at the end: acpi_osi=Linux.
Hit Ctrl+X to boot and press the brightness up key while starting.

Then edit the file /etc/rc.local (gksu gedit /etc/rc.local) and add before exit 0:

setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=00

Edit /etc/default/grub (gksu gedit /etc/default/grub), edit the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT = "quiet splash acpi_osi=Linux"

Update grub with:
sudo update-grub

Refer to this bug report for more info.


Ubuntu 18 Login Page - Text Size enlarged & Login-box move the location automatically

This is the Zoom feature.

On the login screen, go to the accessibility menu. That is, click on the little man with outstretched arms. You probably have "Zoom" enabled. Turn off Zoom and everything else that you don't specifically need.


You either have a reference to the external drive in your bootloader (grub) or in the fstab. I bet it's in the fstab.

Boot and check if the file /etc/fstab contains a reference to your external drive, the relevant line may have ntfs in it. Then edit that file (nano /etc/fstab) and delete that line, save, and reboot. The message should now be gone.


After a few days of searching and tuning I found the solution.

The problem was caused somehow by TLP (power saving settings).
After balancing battery and AC options (/etc/default/tlp) the lagging disappeared.

Info about TPL here or TLP man page.


Ubuntu 18.04 fail to load Intel 9560 wireless firmware

I have the same situation as yours, down to the dmesg log level (iwlwifi INIT ), with my ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen 7.

I found that the solution of Hrijul Bhatnagar works for me.

Prerequisite: either tether, or have a wired connection.

Run:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install git build-essential
git clone https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/iwlwifi/backport-iwlwifi.git
cd backport-iwlwifi/
make defconfig-iwlwifi-public
sed -i 's/CPTCFG_IWLMVM_VENDOR_CMDS=y/# CPTCFG_IWLMVM_VENDOR_CMDS is not set/' .config
make -j4
sudo make install
sudo modprobe iwlwifi

Reboot.

Hope it works for you too.

Edit: Hello @Shawn Dooley,

Before I attempted this solution, I have also:

Turn off Secure Boot ( in The Bios Menu ) ( second attempt )
apt-get upgrade ( after the update ) ( first attempt )
Downloaded new firmware driver, and put it in /lib/firmware. ( third attempt )

Link to download: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000005511/network-and-i-o/wireless-networking.html

Doing Hrijul Bhatnagar's solution was my fourth attempt.


You got the reported result for
apt-get install apt-cache because there is no package called apt-cache.
The following commands are part of apt package:
apt-cache, apt-cdrom, apt-config, apt-get, apt-key, apt-mark
Courtesy: Ubuntu software center

Since apt-get itself is working for you, the apt package and therefore apt-cache command should be installed in your system. So no need for manually installing it.

Try apt-cache show apt to ensure that your apt-cache command is working.


Install Postman native app on Ubuntu 17.04

It looks like that the problem is generated by chromium inside VirtualBox.
Using postman --disable-gpu instead of simply postman solves the issue


How do I put Ubuntu 18.04 on standby? Suspend Ubuntu?

Act as if you were going to shut down the computer, but click and hold the power off symbol, it will change to a pause symbol.


U don't rellly need to reinstall windows 8 again.

If a system has become unbootable due to a GRUB 2 failure or corrupted MBR/boot sector, there are various methods for reinstalling GRUB 2. The simplest is via Boot-Repair Graphical Tool

Boot-Repair is a GUI application which can fix a variety of GRUB 2 problems. It can be used either from a LiveCD, its own CD, or during a normal Ubuntu session. In addition to providing a simple user interface, Boot-Repair also includes the ability to run a script to gather details of the system which can be used for troubleshooting help on various forums and IRC channels.

Please refer to the Boot Repair community documentation for instructions on how to install and run this application.

By the way, burning .iso in windows is very easy with power2go


How to set up a network of Ubuntu virtual machines via Virtualbox?

Selecting Internal network will mean your host machine has to do the routing. which is fine for normal workloads.

an alternative option would be to use a "Bridged connection" and assign different IPs as you've mentioned. This way you LAN side router should take care of the routing.


dbus include paths are meant to be retrieved by a call to

pkg-config dbus-1 --cflags

you can compile a program using dbus by

cc dbus-example.c -o dbus-example $(pkg-config dbus-1 --cflags)

or

make dbus-example CFLAGS+="$(pkg-config dbus-1 --cflags)"

dbus headers are included by the line

#include <dbus/dbus.h>

this "weird include paths" increase the flexibility towards future versions of dbus or other architectures.


How to install Adobe Acrobat Reader DC in Ubuntu?

There is no Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Linux / Unix version available.
So unfortunately you only can install the latest supported version 9.

If you alternatively want to install the older version of Adobe Reader,
follow this link already provided by @DevRobot under your question :

How do I install Adobe Acrobat Reader deb package downloaded from Adobe website?


Brother DCP-7055 printer doesn't work on Ubuntu

I made it. I found and ran uninstaller_DCP7055 file, then reinstalled drivers from manufacturer's file and chose 'NO' when asked "Will you specify the DeviceURI ?". Now the printer works.


How do I make an executable for multiple commands?

As @guiverc indicates, you have to create a "script", it is a simple text file which allows you to execute certain commands

On the Desktop, right-click then create a "text" file, give it the name you want (without extension).
once the text editor is open (Leafpad), enter the following lines:

#!/bin/bash

Here indicates the command line that allows you to launch your VPN client

firefox http://your site url

Save the file
right-click on this file, and change the "permissions" to make it executable

Now you have a script that will execute your 2 commands
You can test it by the console terminal  (to see any errors), if it works, by double-clicking on its icon on the desktop it should also work.
then search the net to find out how to change the type of icons, put it in the menus etc etc ...
once your script is created, even if it is not on your desktop, you can create an "application" file, it is a configuration file which indicates where your script is, which icon is used etc..(again, it's a simple text file)
example:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Name_of_Applicatio_free         <- a free Name, like you want
Exec=/home/you/myscriptname          <- Path and name of the script you have created
Icon=/usr/share/icons/.../icone.jpeg  <- path and name of a icon file
Type=Application


What exactly is a chroot? Is it similar to a simultaneous dual boot?

I feel like nobody gave a full technical explanation, so here goes.

To understand a chroot you first have to understand the split between kernel (The Linux in GNU/Linux) and userspace (the GNU in GNU/Linux, or possibly something else, like busybox.)

The kernel controls all the hardware in your computer. It also provides the APIs for file access, networking, and so on, and controls which software programs are running. This all forms an abstraction of the computer, which is presented through an application programming interface (API). It doesn't do anything at all on it's own though, except maybe boot up to a black screen. Not even a shell prompt.

The userspace is everything else. All the software that you run on your computer. Actually the kernel only runs one userspace program directly, init, which is then responsible for starting everything else, like shells and desktop environments. Userspace also includes libraries, which generally start with libc, upon which all the other libraries build.

So, with that in mind, the concept of a chroot is simple. It just changes the root directory of the unix filesystem to a different one, just for whatever command you choose to run in this context. This is usually a shell which you can launch other software, much as the kernel only launches a single command directly. This new context can have a different set of userspace programs and libraries. The same kernel is running both sets of software, so both systems can use all the hardware resources, but (barring security bugs) the nested chroot cannot access anything from the primary filesystem. It has it's own version of /etc for configuration, it's own /lib for libraries, and it's own /bin, /usr/bin for programs.

You should be aware that the hardware devices are shared. So, unlike a virtual machine, if you format /dev/sda from inside the chroot, you will format your real harddisk. This is because the device nodes in /dev are a direct kernel interface, therefore they mean the same thing inside and outside the chroot.

One other thing: it is possible to give the chroot access to the outer filesystem with bind mounts. If you use a chroot building tool it is possible that it "helpfully" mounts /home from the main system inside the chroot. This is not a copy, it's the same filesystem, and in this case any changes you make inside the chroot will be performed on the original. So I recommend you build chroots manually until you are comfortable with how they work.

Other than these two potential problems there isn't much that can go wrong with a chroot, as it is mostly a self-contained system that will only be started when you ask for it.


Emulator PCSX Reloaded - Fullscreen not working on Unity

This is a commpatibility issue.
You can try by changing the graphic plug in in pcsx


Using repos vs compile: hot wo replace Nginx from repo with a compiled Nginx?

Basically, re-compiling the source is as easy as outlined in this code snippet on github, which mainly is making sure that the paths are correct for Ubuntu.

Here is a short overview on which paths are important for ubuntu:

./configure --prefix=/etc/nginx \
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp \
--user=www-data \
--group=www-data \

also, as outlined in this similar question on SO (How to replace package install of nginx with compiled from source?) is is described, that apt-get autoremove nginx (or whatever version you have installed) will still keep the configuration-files, which you can re-use with the freshly compiled version later on.

After just testing it myself on Ubuntu 14.04, i can confirm that these steps are perfectly working, with a downtime of only a few seconds:

run the compile-nginx.sh script from this github gist and let a package with the latest stable nginx (1.8.0) be created.
uninstall the nginx packages from your system

  apt-get autoremove nginx nginx-common nginx-custom

install the new package

  dpkg -i dpkg -i /home//sources/nginx-1.8.0/nginx_1.8.0-1_amd64.deb

restart nginx

  sudo service nginx restart

At this stage, the old nginx processes should be still in RAM, so the service should refuse to start (port already taken). So you can make sure that everything else is correct (I had to create the directory /var/cache/nginx/client_temp ) - if everything is alright do

> sudo killall nginx
> sudo service nginx restart

there is no step 5, your sites should be up and running again :)


As doug pointed out in the comments the solution is:

"open up gnome-tweak-tool & for Theme set Window to Ambiance, GTK+ to Ambiance, Icons to Ubuntu-mono-dark. In the Desktop tab set Icons on Desktop to On"


How to free up the memory in the best way

There's a couple things you can do. Some of them were already outlined in How can I improve Ubuntu overall system performance?. Here's a few simple suggestions you can try right now:

Switch to a lighter desktop, you don't need to reinstall, you could just install a desktop session such as xfce or install metapackage for another flavor, such as Xubuntu edition with sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
Add more swap, either via partition or swap file. I've a script for adding swap files to make that process easier.
Configure swappiness to help the system handle memory-intensive apps. See also: SwapFaq
Disable certain services. Which services to disable will depend on your needs.
Buy more RAM. Make sure you buy modules with correct frequency and type.
Consider tuning resource usage for certain processes and niceness values
Consider some of the cleanup suggestions. BleachBit is a well-known and pretty good utility for that.


Problem solved, I had to use these two params:

hide unreadable = yes
hide unwriteable files = yes


How to automatically bring an activated window to the foreground?

This behaviour can be changed from the command line, open a terminal and type:

dconf write /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/core/focus-prevention-level 0

To restore the default value:

dconf write /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/core/focus-prevention-level 1


Can't physically turn-off built in display

You can by using the preferences command for X server (http://systembash.com/content/how-to-turn-off-your-monitor-via-command-line-in-ubuntu/)

To turn off the monitor $ xset dpms force off

To turn on the monitor $ xset dpms force on
Well if you press any key, the monitor will wake up, so to turn the screen off without turning it on use the below command:
sleep 3; xset dpms force off

To determine the display you can use the command
'$ xrandr'

You can even run xrandr --output <DISPLAY_NAME> --brightness 0
to manually turn off display for a selected monitor.
NOTE: Once You $   sleep 3; xset dpms force off, you won't be able to turn on the display by clicking or pressing any key, then you've to blindly enter the code or use secondary display.


I assume you have Tor either from Ubuntu archives or from the Tor archives installed. They install Tor as a daemon. This means the software is started automatically on every boot. You'll find a start script in /etc/init.d/tor.

You basically have two options to shut it off:

Uninstall Tor
Remove Tor from the startup

For the second case you can use bum, the bootup manager. Maybe this is not installed. So you have to install it first. Then you open bum as root and look for the entry tor. Make a right-click and select Deactivate & apply now:

Now Tor will not start automatically, but only when you want it to start.


You can't 'convert' Ubuntu to UEFI. It is already installed in UEFI mode, because the uefi bootloader uses an EFI partition (as well as Windows, too). In (old) BIOS mode there is no need for an EFI partition. Legacy bootloader seems to be kinda backup boot mode, in case efi bootloader got corrupted.


Ubuntu 17.10 new install, Firefox 57.0 (64-bit) can't play videos on Google Photos

Finally worked this one out, totally forgot about the unrestricted extras.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

After that I restarted Firefox and all was well.

You can check your video codec status at:

https://www.youtube.com/html5

After you install the unrestricted extras package the H.264 and MSE & H.264 should be blue with a check.


Run terminal command (python command) at start up

Assuming you wish to run this script every time your machine boots, a convenient way is to add an upstart init task.

Create a file my-startup-script.conf (its name is up to you, but it must have extension .conf) in /etc/init, containing the following:

description "Describe what the script does."
start on filesystem
task
script
    cd /path/to/script
    python name.py
end script

Note that your script will run with root privileges.


Where is the "logout" option in the Applications menu of gnome shell?

Probably, it must be under System menu or you can type the command sudo shutdown -h over terminal if you would prefer to use terminal.


I deleted the "/etc/passwd" file and cannot log in

No, given your description, you did not lose any of your files (except /etc/passwd, which you deleted, but which you had backed up).

Boot an Ubuntu live CD/DVD or live USB flash drive. Select Try Ubuntu (not Install Ubuntu). When the desktop loads, open a Nautilus (file browser) window. You can find the partition for your Ubuntu system under Devices. Click on it to mount it.

Now you can restore the backup. You have to do it as root, however. Here's one pretty easy way to do it.

Open a Terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+T). In the Terminal, type cd and type the Space key, but don't press Enter yet.
In Nautilus, find the etc directory inside the installed Ubuntu system. (This is not the same as the etc directory for the live CD. The etc directory inside the installed Ubuntu system is in the partition you just mounted.)
Drag this etc directory into the Terminal, which will paste its full path into the Terminal, completing the cd ... command.
Press Enter to run the command. Now you're in the directory that contained your passwd file. I am assuming that your backup file, passwd_bkp, is also located here.
Run this command:

sudo cp passwd_bkp passwd

That restores the passwd file from your backup, so now you should be able to reboot, remove the CD/DVD or USB flash drive, and boot back into your installed Ubuntu system. Your installed Ubuntu system should work again.

For the future, you should be aware that it is not recommended to manually edit /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/shadow, or /etc/gshadow. Instead, you should use the utilities provided as part of Ubuntu to make any changes you need to users and groups on your system. You're probably aware that you can edit this in System Settings or with users-admin. But there are also very powerful command-line utilities for this, which are still much safer and easier than manually editing the configuration files yourself. Here's documentation on the most relevant such utilities in Ubuntu:

adduser / addgroup
deluser / delgroup
usermod
groupmod
useradd (lower-level than adduser, you should usually use adduser instead)
userdel (lower-level than deluser, you should usually use deluser instead)
groupadd (lower-level than addgroup, you should usually use addgroup instead)
groupdel (lower-level than delgroup, you should usually use delgroup instead)
passwd
gpasswd
pwck
grpck

You can change your username with some of those utilities. This answer explains one way in detail. However, you should be aware (as is currently touched on by a comment there) that some applications assume your username remains the same. So changing your username might cause some problems.


echo 1 > sudo tee /sys/bus/pci/rescan

This command will rescan the the pci bus and look for changes.  Run it after you have inserted your SD into the computer.  This was a known bug in 12.04 (per https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/995743) when using older kernels.  According to that bug report, this has been fixed since kernel v3.12-rc1.  You should be able to update your kernel to the most recent (3.13, if I remember correctly).


Get rid of warning "JVM flavor 'sun' not understood"

The warning is emitted by the /usr/lib/java-wrappers/java-wrappers.sh script, because sun is not mentioned in /usr/lib/java-wrappers/jvm-list.sh.
What you can do to avoid the warning is set up the java environment variables yourself.
You can find out which values the java wrappers would supply by starting a fresh shell; running the java wrapper commands manually and look at the results, like this:
. /usr/lib/java-wrappers/java-wrappers.sh
find_java_runtime openjdk sun
echo $JAVA_HOME
echo $JAVA_CMD

Then, before running your fop command, export these variables in your environment. Example for my system:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64
export JAVA_CMD=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java

Note that doing this by hand will override any java version you may have chosen with the alternatives system.


Some blocked websites won't open even with VPN

When using PPoE, VPN connection, one common problem is to set correct MTU on the Ethernet connection.

Use ping command to determine your MTU:

ping -M do -s 1472 youtube.com

If the result is (result = "Frag needed and DF set") then go with lower number in the ping command:

ping -M do -s 1462 youtube.com

until you get reply to your ping command (result = reply).

Write down the Number - this will be your MTU.

Now set up the new MTU (your Number) on your ethernet connection as in this question:

How do I change the MTU value on Ubuntu?


How to open an application in terminal and detach it?

nohup is a POSIX command to ignore the HUP (hangup) signal. The HUP (hangup) signal is by convention the way a terminal warns depending processes of logout.
  Output that would normally go to the terminal goes to a file called nohup.out if it has not already been redirected.
  nohup is a low-level utility simply configuring a command to ignore a signal. As seen below, nohup is very far from being a full-featured batch system solving all the problems of running programs asynchronously.

See manual:

man nohup

Example:

nohup cairo-dock &


Customize Ubuntu ISO file to boot automatically from RAM

Booting ISO file toram
If you are booting an ISO file,you are likely using GRUB2. You can add toram to the linux line of grub.cfg. right after quiet splash or at the end, one space after --
Boot ISO menuentry may look like:
menuentry "Ubuntu 20.04 ISO" {
    rmmod tpm
    set root=(hd0,1)
    set isofile="/isos/ubuntu-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
        loopback loop $isofile
        linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile persistent persistent-path=/ub2004-1/ fsck.mode=skip quiet splash toram --
        initrd (loop)/casper/initrd
}

More on booting ISO files using a simple BIOS/UEFI template image here: BIOS/UEFI Template Image for Booting ISO Files


You simple can use gdm instead of lightdm. The former was the default Ubuntu graphical login manager, before it was substituted by the latter.

gdm is not installed by default anymore, so you need to install it.


Which USB touchpads works well in Ubuntu 12.04

It depends on whether there is a driver - either opensource or by the manufacturer (or both) - for your touchpad. Check the manufacturers support site for linux drivers or google for your preferred touchpad together with "ubuntu driver".

Touchpads by Synaptics will work definitely. You need to get the driver via apt:

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics


Keyboard is working but not typing in any app including terminal

I found a solution, but i don't understand how it worked yet...
I have re flashed Ubuntu to the USB stick as GPT this time not as MBR. Now I'm typing this on Ubuntu :) i hope this helps anyone in the future


Ubuntu on chromebook touchpad stopped working

For this, you will have to open a Terminal window (Ctrl + Alt + T). Then run this command:

sudo modprobe -r psmouse

Press ENTER, insert password and press ENTER again. Now your touchpad should be working. If you restart your computer and the touchpad does not work again, you will have to make a script to activate the touchpad every time Ubuntu boots. This is simple. In a terminal, run these commands, one by one:

sudo su

Here you will (maybe) be asked for your password, type it and press ENTER.

echo '#!/bin/bash' >> $HOME/mouse.sh
echo 'modprobe -r psmouse' >> $HOME/mouse.sh
chmod 777 $HOME/mouse.sh
cp $HOME/mouse.sh /etc/init.d

And we are done! The next time you boot into Ubuntu, the touchpad function will be back!


Central speaker playing the subwoofer sound, and subwoofer playing central speaker sound

1- Run in terminal  gksu gedit /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/profile-sets/default.conf
This is the file where the channel map is, enter you pasword when prompted, and the file will open.

2- You are looking for the code that looks like this-

[Mapping analog-surround-51]
 device-strings = surround51:%f
 channel-map = front-left,front-right,rear-left,rear-right,front-center,lfe
 paths-output = analog-output analog-output-speaker analog-output-desktop-speaker analog-output-lfe-on-mono
 priority = 8
 direction = output

3- It may not be exactly the same, but we want to change only the channel-map order
from -
  channel-map = front-left,front-right,rear-left,rear-right,front-center,lfe
  to  -
  channel-map = front-left,front-right,rear-left,rear-right,lfe,front-center

Notice the order on lfe and front-center, lfe is the subwoofer, and front-center is your center speaker, if it displays another configuration, just swap position of lfe and front-center

Source: http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1484966.html

Let me know how this works for your version.


18.04 / login loop / Radeon Xpress 1250 (RS600M) on Samsung R60 plus laptop

One way I can think of is to install the Oibaf AMD drivers.  Since you can't login press Ctrl+Alt+F2 and log in to your account from the TTY.  Then run the following lines to install the AMD drivers for Ubuntu 18.04

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Then reboot

Hope this helps!


ubuntu 18.04 high cpu/fan crazy - basic usage

Solved with kernel 4.13.4

Download and install it with UKUU.
Put this kernel in #1 position from GRUB (I've used GRUB Customizer)

No more 100% fan.


Try sudo apt-get install -f (fix broken).

If that does not work, reinstall it with sudo dpkg -i package_name.

You can download apt here: http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/apt.


Why is my Workspace switcher view skewed

I found the answer in Compiz Config Settings Manager. Under the desktop setting I clicked on the Expo window,then from the Appearance tab set the Deformation to None.


How many tty and pts are running on my pc?

this gui is pts/0

Um, nope. I'm not sure where you got pts/0 from, but that's an X server started from the tty1, it isn't pts/0. See this U&L post for more.

At any given time, by default, there are 6 TTYs with getty running on them (so that you can login there) - TTYs 1-6, which you can access using CtrlAltF1-F6. TTY 7 has the GUI started by default. On 16.04 and above, you can start more getty instances using:

systemctl start getty@ttyN

Replacing N with an appropriate number.

To find the number of pseudoterminals currently open, you can do:

ps -eo tty= | sort -u

ps -e lists all processes, and -o tty= lists the process TTYs without a header line. sort and get unique entries with -u. For example:

$ ps -eo tty= | sort -u
?
pts/0
pts/1
pts/2
tty1
ttyS0


You can try play-on-linux . It's similar to wine. see the link for more info


How to COMPLETELY disable sleep/hybernate/faint/catchZZZs on Xubuntu 14.04

Run some BitTorrent client with capped speed and (say 10 kB/ 8 connections max) sharing Ubuntu iso or something). This is the easiest reliable workaround on Fedora and Ubuntu.

I understand your frustration. An OS that fails to stay awake when ask it to is normally considered broken unless it is free... But you get security through obscurity. Cookie cutter attacks fail because every setup has its own set of broken services and diy fixes.

———————

Check your power management settings. If your power manager is disabled and removed from outruns Xubuntu still checks settings. Run the power manager service, make sure that sleep is set to never, restart, disable the service.


How do I contribute documentation to Juju?

How to contribute text

Here are the basic steps necessary to get a change published on the website:

Fork the repository from github.com/juju/docs
Make a local branch from your fork (and enter that branch)
Edit the source documents
Push your branch back to your fork on GitHub
Submit a Pull Request

Full documentation is here:

https://jujucharms.com/docs/stable/contributing


How to properly handle backing up a partition?

In your place I'd get a new empty drive (with enough space obviously) and dd over the whole disk (after creating a checksum for it) so that no data gets lost whatsoever and it remains provable.

Of course the above only works if the drive isn't in use (isn't mounted), so you will need another system (which might be a liveUSB) to proceed with this approach.

Otherwise just wait for someone in authority over the data and ask him/her how to proceed.


It is actually very easy to get the Computer Modern fonts working under Ubuntu, because the fonts can be installed directly from the Ubuntu repositories

sudo apt-get install fonts-cmu

"cmu" is short for "cm-unicode". The fonts appear as "CMU Serif" and "CMU Sans Serif" etc. in font selection screens.

This has been tested with version Kubuntu 12.04 LTS.

Further help (in German) related to fonts can be found at http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Schriftarten


GStreamer 1.19 error: gst/sdp/sdp.h: No such file or directory

According to the search on packages.ubuntu.com you have to install single package by the command below:
sudo apt-get install libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev

Also I would highly recommend to use all GST packages from the official repositories.


The new standard is that /media is where the system mounts removable media, and /mnt is for you to mount things manually.

See the filesystem hierarchy standard (FHS) for details.


Generating a single LaTeX file by merging different LaTeX files

This solution should work.

perl latexpand main.tex > newarticle.tex


How do I get my desktop shortcuts from disappearing?

It sounds like Nautilus (your File Manager) is crashing or quitting on you. Have you added any nautilus extensions or scripts that might be causing this? Short term, you can click once on the Files icon in the launcher to bring it all back. Long term, you need to review your /var/log/syslog to look for error messages about nautilus crashing, and fix that problem.

To review your syslog, and search for nautilus related messages, in terminal, you'd type:

grep -i nautilus /var/log/syslog*


Get Creative soundcard working correctly

Linux Drivers for Creative Audio Cards

This download is intended for the following audio devices only:

* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Platinum
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Fatal1ty®
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeGamer
* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeMusic

1.- Download the driver from here (Select Asia, US doesn't work) then select your card and at the bottom of the page change O.S to linux.

2.- compile.

Notes:

* To install the driver, do the following:
     1. Download the XFiDrv_Linux_US-*.**.tar.gz package onto your local hard disk.
     2. Double-click the downloaded package to unpack its contents.
     3. Read the README file and follow the instructions.

if you are going to compile something you need the package build-essential we can install with software center or with the follow command in terminal:

  sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential

Update :

Let's to hack a while !!!!!

download and replace this 2 files in this directory ´XFiDrv_Linux_Public_US_1.00´ :

ctatc.h

xfi.c

sudo make
sudo make install

and restart....


How can I extend partition into free space that is not directly before or after the partition?

Yes.  You can combine partitions, by using GParted.  You can install it from the Ubuntu Software Center, or click the image below.

Remember that gparted won't work on a mounted partition. First you have to unmount .

NOTE: You might want to consider doing this from a live/bootable CD or USB, to be safe.  Also keep in mind that anytime you deal with partitions, there is risk involved in doing so.

NOTE: When dealing with partitions, always make sure that a backup is available in case something goes wrong.  You may consider Clonezilla


Locating opening page in Google Chrome Browser for Linux

Hi it's gona be a loong list isn't it!

Save your list as a HTML document.
Open your document in Chromium.
In the settings menue:

On Startup
Open a specific page.. Set Pages

Then choose Use current, Select the propper page.itl look something like this:

    file:///home/yourname/Documents/MyUrlList.html

that should be your list with the 100 links.


Using 12.04, can I compile packages with gcc for 10.04?

No, it's risky and you can break your system, also if you want gcc-4.4 just install it from the official repos in Precise.


GPT partition table warning message during install of ubuntu

I am answering because the answers here are inadequate. I don't want future viewers of this question to destroy their windows partitions just to install Ubuntu.

To fix your problem, follow these steps:

Boot the emergency disk (Ubuntu or other linux Live CD) and open a text-mode shell.
Type sudo gdisk /dev/sda (change /dev/sda to whatever is appropriate to access your hard disk, if necessary). The program is likely to complain that it's found both MBR and GPT data, and will ask which to use. It doesn't matter which you tell it to use.
At the Command prompt, type x to enter the experts' menu.
At the Expert command prompt, type z to zap (destroy) the GPT data.
Type y in response to the confirmation about destroying the GPT.
Type n in response to the query about blanking the MBR. Caution: If you answer y here, you'll destroy your Windows partition(s)!


msi radeon hd6450 showing only 256megs of memory?

If you are using ATI video card, and if you installed the proprietary drivers, you should have Catalyst Control center installed. There you can see in the Information menu the total memory size:

From command line, you can use the command:

lspci -v | grep VGA -A12

Output should be like:

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc RV770 [Radeon HD 4870] (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
    Subsystem: PC Partner Limited Device 0502
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 49
    Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
    Memory at fe7e0000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
    I/O ports at a000 [size=256]
    Expansion ROM at fe7c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]
    Capabilities: <access denied>
    Kernel driver in use: fglrx_pci
    Kernel modules: fglrx, radeon

The following command will give you the amount of prefetchable memory:

$ lspci -v -s `lspci | awk '/VGA/{print $1}'` | sed -n '/Memory.*, prefetchable/s/.*\[size=\([^]]\+\)\]/\1/p'
$ 256M


cd / changes the directory to root of the filesystem, which is /

while cd ~ changes it to your home directory.

Here ~ is interpreted as the home folder of the user who is executing the command. For me it is /home/anwar.

If you run cd ~ as root, that will change the working directory to root users home, which is at /root. root users home folder does not typically reside under /home/ directory, instead it is found directly under root directory /.

Check this question for a general introduction to Linux Filesystem

How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout?


How do I download photoshop illustrator in Ubuntu 16.04?

First download the illustrator setup file, then just go to Ubuntu Software Center and install the PlayOnLinux software, It has got many software for your OS.
Or use this command to install it

sudo apt-get install playonlinux

Then launch PlayOnLinux and click Install, wait for refresh then select Adobe Illustrator CS6, click Install and follow wizard instructions.


I am unable to login after installing ubuntu 14.04 even my password is correct

Restart in recovery mode, an choose for "drop to root shell prompt"
 Then type  "passwd myubuntu"

The system will you ask for a new password (twice).
type "exit" and then
  Restart ubuntu


mount -o rw, /dev/src1 /media/ not working

ubuntu is not a valid mount option. First you need to know the user ID of the user you want to allow read/write access. In the case of a Live session user, it is 999. The command becomes:

sudo mount -o rw,uid=999 /dev/src1 /mnt

You should not mount a partition on /media because /media is reserved for holding multiple mounted devices. Also, consider using the File browser for mounting the partition.

I was assuming that you are using a filesystem that does not support UNIX file permissions, such as FAT32 and NTFS. If you are using a file permissions-aware filesystem, you have to make yourself the owner of the files. Note: dangerous command ahead, so check that you are actually changing the ownership of your USB partition and not your root filesystem:

sudo chown -R ubuntu: /media/your-usb-drive

(note the colon, this causes the group membership to be updated to ubuntu too)


You can use find command, but be careful while using it - you might end up removing everything you have.

Important: First you have to run the command without the -delete option to make sure the output is what you want to delete. Notice that -name looks for exact filename.

$ find -not -name mongodb.log -name "*.log"

If the output is proper and you're sure the command locates only the files we want to remove, then you have to add the -delete option to the END of the command.

$ find -not -name mongodb.log -name "*.log" -delete

The order of the options for find is significant, and in this case if -delete option is placed anywhere other than the end of the command - it will remove everything.

Example

Imagine we have these files:

$ ls
1.log  2.log  3.log  4.log  5.log  bar  foo  mongodb.log

Let's list all *.log excluding mongodb.log. Check the output and make sure it doesn't contain anything except log files.

$ find -not -iname mongodb.log -name "*.log"

Notice the -iname! to keep both upper and lowercase versions of mongodb.log.

Then remove them using:

$ find -not -iname mongodb.log -name "*.log" -delete

Check again and you will see the log files are gone as expected but mongodb.log remains there.

$ ls
bar  foo  mongodb.log


environment setup for Importing a userdefined module

If you already put your .so file in /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages, try to make a new python file (in the same dir) named as 'my_lib.py'.

Put the below code in it:

def __bootstrap__():
   global __bootstrap__, __loader__, __file__
   import sys, pkg_resources, imp
   __file__ = pkg_resources.resource_filename(__name__,'hello_world.so')
   __loader__ = None; del __bootstrap__, __loader__
   imp.load_dynamic(__name__,__file__)
__bootstrap__()

You may need to install python-pkg-resources:

sudo apt-get install python-pkg-resources

Now you can import this my_lib as:

>>> import my_lib

EDIT: To properly manage several extensions, I would recommend to package them using distutils and then install them using just

./setup.py build
sudo ./setup.py install

Source


The panel for setting keyboard layout is named Text Entry in 14.04.


Ubuntu has its own site with packages. Wine for 16.04 can be found here. You can also find all the available wine DEB packages on dpkg download page. Wine 1.6 would be for Ubuntu 16.04.

Original amd64 version for Ubuntu.
Original i386 version for Ubuntu.


You have syntax error. Should be

awk '$2 ~ /Tom/ {print}' names.txt

or

awk '$2 == "Tom" {print}' names.txt

Note that {print} is unnecessary. Awk will print lines for which matching condition is true automatically.

$ awk '$2 =="Tom"' input.txt
Edison, Tom

$ cat input.txt
Washington, George
Edison, Tom
Tesla, Nik


Launching php script through comman line - keeping terminal window open after execution

As Salem said in this comment, you are mixing bash and php code. You can use shell_exec php function to prevent this:

#!/usr/bin/php -q
<?php

    echo "Hello World \n";

    # prevent to close terminal using php
    shell_exec('$SHELL');

?>

  string shell_exec ( string $cmd ) — Execute command via shell and return the complete output as a string.


Trying virtual machines, installing guest additions causes extremely small resolution

Open Terminal: CTRL+ALT+T

Install these Guest Additions Packages:

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-dkms virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11

Make sure you put your sudo user password and packages are installed correctly.
After that installation is Done. Restart your VM

If the problem still stays...
Try:

Go to System settings -> Software and Updates -> Additional drivers
Use x86 virtualization solutions...
After that reboot your virtual box

Source: Screen Resolution Problem with Ubuntu 14.04 and VirtualBox

After doing this if you still have the same resolution:

Open Terminal CTRL+ALT+T (Hotkey) type in terminal:

xrandr -s 1024x768

It will set your screen resolution to 1024x768


Why have I to use my memory usb to be able to start ubuntu 12.04?

I think it may have installed some part of the booting process to your usb-stick.  That's what happened to me.  In the forums they suggested the use of Boot Repair, which solved my problem.

I would advice you to give that a spin.


There is no hardware_keycode for a unicode character unless you can type it by pressing a key. See xmodmap about mapping a unicode character to a physical keyboard key. Enjoy.


Best hardware choices for multi-seat (multi-user) system?

I think 2000 USD for 12 users might be somewhat cheap, but OTOH, the multiseat systems I'm most familiar with support Compiz and OpenGL FPS games... on a 14-user system.  ;)

Still, 12 monitors + 12 keyboards + 12 mice would cost 1500 € around here, and probably close to 1500 $ in the US?  But 1000 €/$ for 8 "seats" plus 1000 €/$ for the machine itself might be doable.

To have multiple users on one display adapter, you'll probably need to run nested X servers like xephyr (or XGL if you want 3D support, but unfortunately that's not officially supported anymore, and only works with nvidia adapters).

Alternatively, you can use USB graphics cards.

As Stefano says: using two 4- or 6-seat systems might be useful, as you could use one as a backup for the other and vice versa then.

Memory is important, but you don't need the minimum for a single user system × number of seats.  Eight people running Xorg or OOo will have the Xorg or OOo application itself in memory only once, as only the user-specific parts (e.g. documents) are different.  This also depends on the type of applications that are going to be used.

BTW: I'm not sure if you are selling this to somebody, but you should also stress the long term financial benefits.  A local company here in Belgium that sells quite a bit of multiseats and is a sponsor of our LoCoTeam once computed the benefits of a class of four 6-seat multiseats with Ubuntu compared to a class of Windows desktops as follows: 800 € / year saved on the electricity bill + software licensing cost saved the first year of > 2700 €, and in addition almost 800 € saved in licensing cost during the following years.  And that didn't even include the savings on the hardware bill...


Run gedit ~/.config/autostart/wvdial.desktop logged in as the first user and paste the following code inside the file:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Exec=wvdial brt
Name=WVDIAL

Repeat the process logged in as the second user. The command will be executed when the users log in.


Extraneous Ubuntu One icon on the Unity Launcher?


/etc/network/interfaces is not changing my static IP

Check the IP with ping;
Then check IP, it will assign dynamically into LAN or not, If IP assign to another machine in your LAN then it will come 'IP conflict';
If not, add static IP (192.168.1.20) in /etc/network/interfaces;
Then restart networking with the command service networking restart;
then run command ifdown enp0s3 && ifup enp0s3 if you don't want to restart.


Why can't I resume my Compaq 615 machine?

I had a similar problem on my Dual Boot Compaq Presario CQ62. I disabled password when waking from suspend. This solved my problem.


Mythbuntu-default settings not installing: 12.04 LTS

Can you log into the system using a CLI? If so, you could remove it from there or at least see detailed information about the error which should point us in the right direction.


Go to the Trine forums - http://frozenbyte.com/board/viewtopic.php?f=15&t=3312&sid=b4af10cefb1966b58753b4e7613dea88

I have the same problem but after turning all options off and graphics to lowest it shows the error that aborts the game. "Fatal error: Error compiling shaders. Make sure your GPU supports Shader Model 3.0. Additional details may be found in the log.


Swapped backslash key with right alt on MSI laptop

I have tried it in my laptop with Right Alt key, which is also 108 keycode for me..

The point I understood from your output is,
your Right Alt key with keycode 108 is having modifier ISO_Level3_Shift you can check this to confirm by running simply xmodmap

Exmaple:

pratap@pratap:~$ xmodmap
xmodmap:  up to 4 keys per modifier, (keycodes in parentheses):

shift       Shift_L (0x32),  Shift_R (0x3e)
lock        Caps_Lock (0x42)
control     Control_L (0x25),  Control_R (0x69)
mod1        Alt_L (0x40),  Meta_L (0xcd)
mod2        Num_Lock (0x4d)
mod3
mod4        Super_L (0x85),  Super_R (0x86),  Super_L (0xce),  Hyper_L (0xcf)
mod5        ISO_Level3_Shift (0x5c),  Mode_switch (0xcb)

pratap@pratap:~$

This means when you combine Right Alt with Shift it should print 4th keysym

So you need to remove the modifier from Right Alt before running

xmodmap -e "keycode 108 = backslash bar"

To remove the modifier from Right Alt, the best way is to use either gnome-tweaks or gsettings

Gnome-Tweaks:

gsettings:

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options

to set the value to none run below command. [Be careful if you get multiple options from above command]

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options "[]"


I found the following solution which worked perfectly for me:

Workaround fo this:

Install devilspie (via Terminal:)

sudo apt-get install devilspie

Write config for firefox (via Terminal:)

mkdir ~/.devilspie
nano ~/.devilspie/flash-fullscreen-firefox.ds

(if
(is (application_name) "plugin-container")
(begin
(focus)
)
)

Make devilspie autostart

Done.

Solution from:
https://plus.google.com/100368718538258540940/posts/eJWwPj8B4dX (last post)


Second hard drive won't show up in Ubuntu 16.04.

Are you sure they are mounted? There is an application called "Disks", which might be of some help. Try that booting up like normal, with all of your drives connected, and then poke around in the Disks application.


How do I find the credentials for PostgreSQL deployed via a charm?

All the options are kept at:

/srv/python_django/juju_settings/20-engine-pgsql.py


How to save in specific folder a PDF from print file


How can I create a cron command that will execute a command inside a detached screen?

Note: The original poster asked 'how can i do this in cron'.  I've updated the response to address that.

Get the 'inscreen' script and put it in ~/bin/:

&#35 download 'inscreen' script from https://gist.github.com/1019125
wget -O ~/bin/inscreen https://gist.github.com/gists/1019125/download
chmod 755 ~/bin/inscreen

create a screen session named 'cronjobs':

screen -d -m -S cronjobs

You'll have to arrange for that to happen on each boot, or add '--new-if-needed' to each crontab entry below.
Add entries in cron using inscreen, crontab looks like:

PATH = /home/YOURNAME/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

* * * * * inscreen cronjobs -- sh -c 'echo $(date): start; sleep 30; echo $(date): end; sleep 4'
0 0 * * 0 inscreen cronjobs --keep-open --title reminder echo ==== CALL YOUR MOM ====
0 0 * * 1 inscreen cronjobs --window 0 ls /tmp

The above will:

every minute open a new window in the 'cronjobs' screen session that writes the date, sleeps for 30 seconds and then exits.  The window will close on exit.
every sunday at midnight open a new window with title 'reminder' that says "==== CALL YOUR MOM ====" and requires you to hit enter to close the window.
every monday at midnight run 'ls /tmp' in the first window of the 'cronjobs' session.  Note, though, that no other '--window 0' jobs can be running at the same time.


su produces "registered driver" messages

I figured it out:

cd Validity90/libfprint
sudo make uninstall


Are Palestinians out of the Ubuntu App Showdown Contest?

Don't worry you can participate
Ubuntu app showdown contest is not limited to some particular countries. So you can participate. I can't find any restriction for Canonical to ship to Palestine.


Notify-osd notifications appear unthemed in top-left corner

i3 is using "dunst" notification daemon, so you have to remove it in order to re-enable ubuntu notify-osd.

Execute following from terminal:

sudo apt-get purge dunst
killall dunst
notify-send "Hello"


How to auto-scan any plugged in usb storage device with clamav?

This is an automated script. Just run it as root. You can change the command executed by editing /usr/bin/doOnUSBinsert.

#!/bin/bash
#doOnUSBinsert_0.2.sh
#Author : Totti
# Make it executable by running 'sudo chmod  x doOnUSBinsert_0.2.sh'

if ! [ -f /etc/udev/rules.d/80-doOnUSBinsert.rules ]
then        # rule not added
   cp "$0" /usr/bin/doOnUSBinsert
   chmod u x /usr/bin/doOnUSBinsert

#   echo 'SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ACTION=="add", RUN ="/path/to/script.sh"' | sudo tee     /etc/udev/rules.d/80-clamscan.rules
   echo 'SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ACTION=="add", RUN ="/usr/bin/doOnUSBinsert & "' | tee     /etc/udev/rules.d/80-doOnUSBinsert.rules
   if  [ $? -eq 0 ]
   then
     echo 'Rule Successfully added. See file "/usr/bin/doOnUSBinsert" if you wish to edit the command'
     exit 0
    else
     echo 'ERROR while adding rule'
     exit 1
   fi
fi

lfile="/tmp/doOnUSBinsert.log"     # udev
lfile2="/tmp/clamscanFromUdev.log"   # clamscan
lfile3="/tmp/doOnUSBinsert_mount.log"   # mount

main ()
{
sleep 12  # let the partitions to mount

   #cat /proc/$$/environ | tr '�' 'n' >> /tmp/udevEnvirn.txt
echo "found $ID_SERIAL"   >> "$lfile"
  cat /etc/mtab | grep "^$part_c"   >> "$lfile.3"

if [ "$ID_SERIAL"x = 'x' ]
then
 echo "Exiting on empty ID_SERIAL"   >> "$lfile"
 exit 1
fi

#Eg: ID_SERIAL --> /dev/disk/by-id/usb-sandisk....42343254343543
#i=0
echo 'searching partitions'   >> "$lfile"

for partitionPath in  $( find /dev/disk/by-id/ -name "*$ID_SERIAL*part*" )
do
  echo "current partition = $partitionPath"   >> "$lfile"
 # part[i  ]="$( readlink -f "$partition" )"        # Eg Output: /dev/sdb1     , /dev/sdb2
  part_c="$( readlink -f $partitionPath )"
  mpoint="$( cat /etc/mtab | grep "^$part_c"  | awk '{print $2}' )"

  echo "partitionPath= $partitionPath, part = $part_c, mountpoint=  $mpoint"  >>     "$lfile"

  echo "Scaning -->  $mpoint"  >> "$lfile.2"
  ############################################
  clamscan -r --bell "$mpoint"/*  >> "$lfile.2"
  #############################################
done
}

main &
echo ______________________________________  >> "$lfile"
exit 0


Based on heynnema's comment, creating more disk space helped with continuing the installation.

Basically you're out of disk space. The best we could do is to carve out 50G from sda4, your C: drive, and use that for Ubuntu. Best to backup some unused stuff and then delete it to make more room.

– heynnema 4 hours ago


Basically, you need to tell Apache to associate .cgi extension with Perl. Also, index.cgi should be treated as directory index. Here's Apache documentation (not for faint-hearted)

I would expect the README file I can see on your screenshot contains valuable hints and pointers - have you read it?

UPDATE: You're doing it all wrong. :) See my answer here


Desktop freeze and then reboot itself, happens randomly

Maybe a thermal problem? Try monitoring the temperature of CPU and GPU. You can use the sensors command from the lm-sensors package; if you have an NVidia graphics card, there is nvidia-smi from the nvidia-utils package.
Good old opening the computer case and cleaning out dust puppies may help; also check if all the fans are working.


How do I change GTK theme of my app in run time?

You can use Gtk.CssProvidor to load a css file. For example:

css_provider = Gtk.CssProvider()
css_provider.load_from_file("file_name.css")
screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
style_context = window.get_style_context()
style_context.add_provider_for_screen(screen, css_provider, Gtk.STYLE_PROVIDER_PRIORITY_APPLICATION)

Where "file_name.css" is the css file you want to load (the themes in ubuntu seem to be in /usr/share/themes/THEME_NAME/gtk-3.0/) and window is the window widget you are using. If you want to load css from a string you can use css_provider.load_from_data(string_name.encode('UTF-8')) instead of css_provider.load_from_file("file_name.css")

Resources:

GtkCssProvider Reference Page (I couldn't find the python one)
Styling Gtk With Css


How can LibreOffice forbid me to paste from clipboard?

Try this.

With the document closed, look in the folder which contains it. If there is a lock file associated with the document, delete it.

Also, there may be one in  ~/.config or ~/.libreoffice/X

Replace the X with your libreoffice version.  Make sure that you're able to view hidden files, to be able to find the one you're looking for.


I've found that zenity can do this. Using this command seems to be sufficient

zenity --progress --auto-close --time-remaining --pulsate --text="Copying 2 of 4 files"

That brings a progress dialog window like this


If the fan is working at full speed, then something is wrong with the power saving features of the computer. This problem is hardware-specific, therefore you would need to provide details of the hardware components.

Indeed, one issue would be the graphics card, especially if it is either AMD/ATI or NVidia.
The other issue would be the BIOS of the computer. More often than not, the BIOS does not have correct power saving information that is usable in Linux (while it is usable in Windows). You can google for 'DSDT ubuntu' for more on this.

Therefore, write down the full model number of your computer, and mention which graphics card you have.

Updated: You mention the model number in another reply. I performed the google search and I got several relevant results, such as http://kizwan.blogspot.com/2010/07/acer-aspire-3680-resources-for-mac-os-x.html
The easiest thing to do is update the BIOS to the latest version and try again. If that does not fix the issue, come back again.


Microphone software boost is extremely low and boosts also noise

I actually figured that out. Even tho the mic volume and gain were correctly set, I had to set general capture gain in alsamixer settings.

This is final microphone result:
https://youtu.be/Jm7VShCJZZ4


How to boot multiple OS from one external hard drive?

What you need to do is boot the LiveCD and chroot into the Ubuntu system on the USB drive, then install grub2

First thing to do is identify what the device name of the Live file system is.  In most cases this will be /dev/sdb, if there is only one other drive in the system, but it could be something else depending the configuration of your hardware.

A little more complicated is to identify which partition Ubuntu lives on.  This will depend on exactly how you installed Ubuntu so it's best to check and be sure.  Once you've booted the LiveCD use either Disk Manager or Gparted to look at the hard drive and identify the Ubuntu root (/) partition that you set up.  You would be looking for an ext4 partition of the correct size.

For the purposes of these instructions I'm going to assume the correct device (drive) is /dev/sdb and that the partition is /dev/sdb3.  You should substitute the correct device names as appropriate.

Firstly, in a terminal window mount the Ubuntu root partition:

sudo mount /dev/sdb3 /mnt

Next, export the LiveCD filesystem to the root filesystem on the drive:

sudo mount ‐‐bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount ‐‐bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount ‐‐bind /sys /mnt/sys

Now change the root filesystem to the hard disk:

sudo chroot /mnt

Now install grub2 to /dev/sdb

sudo grub-install /dev/sdb

At this point, while grub2 is installed it might not know about all the filesystems available, such as a windows partition on the hard drive or another Linux partition on either drive.

To fix this run update-grub:

sudo update-grub

and it will find all OS's on your system and add them to the grub menu.  You should now be able to boot off the external drive and select the Ubuntu partition or any others to boot from

I note that there is no mention of a swap partition in your configuration.  This is not likely to be a problem if there is plenty of RAM in your system and you never want to hibernate the computer.  You will still be able to suspend the computer but this does continue to use a small amount of power.

The correct way to do this at the time of installation is to specify the correct hard drive to install the grub bootloader to.  This might require selecting the manual configuration instead of the default one, then selecting the correct drive to install grub to.  It's also possible to install grub to the internal hard drive and have it configured to boot Ubuntu off the external USB drive.


How to safely import music into rhythmbox in 12.04?

According to my use of rhtytmbox you can safely place all the music files into the Music folder in your home directory.the folder hierarchy that your saying is not strictly followed.you can place them any how in the Music folder and Rbox will detect them perfectly.
Also regarding the metadata,Rbox can perfectly detect metadata(if it is there!!).you can also edit the metadata yourself.


Telegram channels on Ubuntu touch (App and Scope) with OTA-11

The feature is not supported, yet.
Maybe it helps hitting "affects me" on https://bugs.launchpad.net/telegram-app/+bug/1535340.

A workaround is using the WebTelegram App.


Gnome-Control-Panel crashes while trying to access Online Accounts

Try this workaround:

In order to overcome this I set my status to "Offline", after that I am able to manage accounts by pressing "F4" than I change my status back to "Available"

(from https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-control-center-signon/+bug/1174936/comments/5)


The basic idea is to boot from live USB/DVD of Ubuntu and use Gparted from the live USB to shrink the existing / partition.

However, you have too much data to shrink the partition and create empty space. You will need an external hard drive to move some of the data from /home. Then you will be able to shrink /, create new partition and move the /home to the new partition.

The details are at

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Partitioning/Home/Moving

Hope this helps


Does Spyder work with Python GTK in Ubuntu?

According to its project page, PyQt is a hard requirement of Spyder, while GTK doesn't show up. That sounds very much like it's Qt (and terminal) only.


From this forum

Print the current keymap table formatted into expressions:

$ xmodmap -pke
keycode  57 = n N

Each keymap is followed by the keysyms it is mapped to. The above example indicates that the keycode 57 is mapped to the lowercase n, while the uppercase N is mapped to keycode 57 and Shift.
Each keysym column in the table corresponds to a particular key combination:
    Key
    Shift+Key
    mode_switch+Key
    mode_switch+Shift+Key
    AltGr+Key
    AltGr+Shift+Key

Have you tried

xmodmap -e "keycode 94 = backslash bar"


I am unable to generate a gpg key through the keyring program

For me, deleting the .gnugpg folder helped:

sudo rm -rf ~/.gnugpg


How do I tell the kernel which driver to use?

You downloaded and installed firmware, not a driver. The driver, depending on the device ID, calls the firmware it requires. Your lshw shows that the driver is the usual kernel driver iwlwifi:

  driver=iwlwifi

It also shows the firmware version being used:

  firmware=18.168.6.1

Isn't that what you downloaded?

You might try the usual fix:

sudo -i
echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
exit

Reboot and tell us if there is any improvement.

If you are still having trouble, let's look for clues in the logs. With the ethernet detached and a reboot so we have a clean slate, try to connect and then run:

cat /var/log/syslog | grep -e etwork -e wlan | tail -n25 > wifi.txt

Find the file wifi.txt in your user directory and paste the result here and give us the link in your reply: http://paste.ubuntu.com/

The firmware file you downloaded probably already existed in your system. Is yours the same as default?

md5sum /lib/firmware/iwlwifi-6000g2a-6.ucode

Mine reads 4b47db024c8a0cba872c3e98e907a378.

Sometimes, after hibernate, the driver doesn't reload. Try reloading it from the terminal:

sudo modprobe iwlwifi

You might try this fix:

gksudo gedit /etc/pm/config.d/config

Add one line:

SUSPEND_MODULES="iwlwifi"

Proofread carefully, save and close gedit. Reboot.

How does it work now?


Edit: This appears to have been fixed upstream in Debian 10 and Ubuntu 19.04.

So, it seems that Anacron doesn't run at startup if on battery power, and is only scheduled to run at 7:30am otherwise. The solution for me was to configure Anacron to run when power is plugged in.

This can be done by adding a script like this:

#!/bin/sh
test -x /etc/init.d/anacron && /usr/sbin/invoke-rc.d anacron start >/dev/null

I saved it into /etc/pm/power.d/10_anacron (make sure it is executable), which on older systems would be run automatically when plugged in. On current versions of Ubuntu, you need to add a udev rule to run the script. Just save:

SUBSYSTEM=="power_supply", ATTR{online}=="1", RUN+="/etc/pm/power.d/10_anacron"

to /etc/udev/rules.d/anacron.rules.


Opera-stable seems to lack premissions/privileges in 14.04

First launch nautilus as root. To do that type the following:

gksu nautilus

Then right-click on /home/<username>/.opera and click on Properties, then to Permissions.

If you are unable to find .opera then press Ctrl + H to show the folder.

Now, change

Owner to <username>

Group to <username>

And all else to:

Also, check similarly for your /home & /home/<username> folders.

EDIT: Also, change the permissions of the following folders to the one as shown in your shared screenshot:

/home/<username>/.cache/opera

&

/home/<username>/.config/opera


Nvidia not able to turn off or switch to Intel on Ubuntu 18.04

Install driver

sudo apt-get install nvidia-390

Run this command

sudo prime-select intel

Delete xorg.conf generated by nvidia driver installation:

rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Edit GRUB configuration file

sudo vim  /etc/default/grub

Replace nouveau.runpm=0 with nouveau.runpm=1 in the line beginning GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=. Save and exit.
Write the changes to GRUB:

sudo update-grub

Enable Nvidia optimus from BIOS


Dell Precision M4500 laptop Keyboard backlight issues

It appears there was something wrong with the installation.  I reinstalled 14.04, and the keyboard lights worked, then reinstalled 16.04 and the still functioned.  All's well that ends well I suppose.


How to create disc that installs Ubuntu?

You have to burn the ISO file on the disc with a burning program. You can download it from This site. After downloading follow this video for burning. Burning Image Video. Please note you have to burn an "image", to make it bootable. Only an image(.ISO file) is bootable. So if you copy only the ISO file directly without burning on disc or usb(pendrive), your computer can't boot from it or your computer wont start installing Ubuntu.

Nearly, all burning programs, in Linux/Windows/Mac, have the option to burn an image. You have to select Burn or Make bootable disc button and not the copy-button.

If a correct image is burnt on the disc, you can boot it (please don't forget to indicate in the BIOS that you wish to boot from disc and not e. g. from a hard-disk).

If you didn't understand my last line then follow this after burning disc.
Hope it helps.


UK Macintosh USB keyboard mapping incorrect after 14.04 update. How can I fix it?

I'm running Lubuntu Desktop on top of Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS on a virtual machine on a Macbook Air mid 2013 running VMware Fusion 7.1 on OS X Yosemite 10.10.1.

Assuming you're using Keyboard Layout Handler from the panel, first remove the gb(mac) keyboard layout from your list.  And make sure you have apple_laptop set as the keyboard model.

Go to /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols as root and edit the file gb using your favourite editor.  Search for English (UK, Macintosh).  You will now see 2 lines looking like this:-

key <TLDE> {      [         section,       plusminus ]    };
key <LSGT> {      [           grave,      asciitilde ]    };

Comment them out or delete them, and add a line looking like this:-

key <LSGT> {        [         section,       plusminus ]    };

Save the file.  Now we need to get the xkb subsystem to recompile the definition.  I did it by doing

rm /var/lib/xkb/*

without injury, but you may know a better way.  Now go back to the panel Keyboard Layout Handler and re-add the gb(mac) keyboard layout.  It works okay now!

You might want to change /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/macintosh_vndr/gb in the same way, just to be neat.


Ubuntu 14.04 and Android, can't see phone on my computer

I had the same problem this fixed it:

sudo apt-get install mtpfs

Once that's installed, plug in the phone to your computer. If nothing happens, on the phone go to Settings > Storage > Upper Right Corner (⋮) > USB Computer Connection > Media Device.

edit:

Settings > Search (type in "usb") > USB configuration ... If non existent make sure developer options have been enabled.

Open Settings> About> Software Information> More.
Then tap “Build number” seven times to enable Developer options. ...
Go back to Settings menu and now you'll be able to see “Developer options” there.
Tap it and turn on USB Debugging from the menu on the next screen.

Once they have been enable and the above package installed, also be sure to have the phone plugged in and then go back into developer options and update the USB configuration as shown in the picture below.


First login mass from console by using this link.

Then from console:

sudo maas root node-groups import-boot-images
Import of boot images started on all cluster controllers


How to install driver for TP-Link Archer T9E V1 in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Okay so I just fell over something that could help you.
I use the T9E network card as well and everything works for me:

Open the Software & Updates application
Go to the Additional Drivers tab
Look for the Broadcom Limited: BCM4360 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter device (this is your TP-Link)
Choose the Broadcom 802.11 Linux STA wireless driver source from bcmwl-kernel-source (proprietary) option to enable it


Will there be a Vala template for quickly?

Yes, a quickly Vala template is indeed starting to take shape.


Looks simply like you're running out of memory… :(

Once SWAP gets heavily used, the response time of your computer goes up a 1000-fold.

Try this: Open the file, go make coffee (not just take, but fully make) and come back after 10 minutes or so.

If the file opens, but everything is really slow (like a click-and-drag takes a full minute), just buy more RAM…


Shutdown and restart problem in Ubuntu 13.10 - Problema en apagado y reinicio en Ubuntu 13.10

You shouldn't forcibly shutdown your system. If it's doing stuff, you wait till it ends. Especially if it's applying upgrades. This is because your system can be left in an inconsistent state and break something really badly.

So, how to fix it? Start installing the upgrades yourself, should be a good start.


Xubuntu 14.04: Missing Settings Apps in Whisker Menu

I created a bug https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xubuntu-default-settings/+bug/1320251 Thanks Stephen for the support :)


There is a package called sshpass that does what you want.

sudo apt-get install sshpass

Once it's installed, you can put into your script the following:

sshpass -p 'password-here' ssh mediaserver@mediaserver

Of course, it's generally not good practice to put a plain text password into a script or into source code.  That said, this does exactly what you are asking.


Is it safe to manualy install RoundCube 1.0?

I have never used it, so I can't vouch for it, but there's a PPA available: RoundCube Backport PPA. This will let you use v1.0.3 while still using the package manager.


Lost privileges since upgrading to 13.10

I believe the GUI apps talk to policykit & consolekit over dbus.  There is also a requirement that you login from a 'modern' display manager like lightdm or gdm and not xdm or from a tty (and user startx/xinit).  Make sure you have all the relevant policykit & consolekit packages installed and that dbus is running properly.