Tomcat Manager Application and HTTP 404 Error

I had the same situation wherein tomcat manager did not start. I found this exception in my logs/manager.DDD-MM-YY.log:

org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
SEVERE: Exception starting filter CSRF
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.catalina.filters.CsrfPreventionFilter
        at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202)
        ...

This exception was raised because I had used a version of tomcat that didn't have the CSRF prevention filter.

Tomcat 6.0.24 doesn't have the CSRF prevention filter in it. The first version that has it is the 6.0.30 version (at least according to the changelog).

As a result, Tomcat Manager was incompatible with version of Tomcat that I used. I've found this description of this issue.

Steps to fix it:

Check version of tomcat installed by running "sh version.sh" from
your tomcat/bin directory
Download corresponding version of tomcat
Stop tomcat
Remove your webapps/manager directory and copy manager application
from distributive that you've downloaded.
Start tomcat

Now you should be able to access tomcat manager.


Windows dxdiag, msinfo32 alternatives for ubuntu

dxdiag is actually a troubleshooting tool for DirectX. dmidecode is a tool for dumping a computer's DMI table contents in a human-readable format. This table contains a description of the system's hardware components, as well as other useful pieces of information such as serial numbers and BIOS revision. Thanks to this table, you can retrieve this information without having to probe for the actual hardware. While this is a good point in terms of report speed and safeness, this also makes the presented information possibly unreliable.

The DMI table doesn't only describe what the system is currently made of, it also can report the possible evolution (such as the fastest supported CPU or the maximal amount of memory supported). Look at this link for more information.

If this approximate equivalent couldn't give desired information, one can use some of diagnostics tools in Linux such as:

lshw
lspci
lsusb
ps
top
lm-sensors
df


How to let bash script knows if the open terminal is closed or not

You can run gnome-terminal disabling the factory mode. This will prevent it from starting a terminal connected to an existing terminal, so that the command does not return immediately:

gnome-terminal --disable-factory
echo Done. # Will only run after the terminal opened above has been closed

From man gnome-terminal:

--disable-factory
             Do not register with the activation name server, do  not  re-
             use an active terminal.

Most applications start a new process independent of any previously running processes when run. Some applications (like Firefox, GNOME Terminal, etc.) do not open a completely new process when run. They start a session tied to an existing process. So if you have a Firefox window open, and you run:

firefox

in a terminal, it will open a new window connected to the existing process and return immediately. In the case of GNOME Terminal, you can disable this behaviour using the above option. With --disable-factory, the new window opened is tied to this command, so the command waits until the window is closed.


An installation of Ubuntu requires a minimum password length of 8 characters.  (This was changed a few years ago, but I think they kept the installer with a shorter password length to make it easier to setup a user during installation).

Nevertheless, it is very easy to change the default password length...

With superuser or root privileges, you need to edit a file called /etc/pam.d/common-password.

GUI Method

In the Unity dash, search for and launch "Terminal."  In the terminal, type sudo gedit /etc/pam.d/common-password.  Enter your password, and a text editor will appear.  Find the line that says "pam_unix.so obscure sha512", add a single space at the end of this line, and type "min=6" (without the quotes).  Then save your file and exit the text editor.  (This will allow you to use passwords that are 6 characters long.  Of course, you could use a different password length number for "min=", if you like).

Simple Command Line Method

To make this easy, you can do all of this automatically by typing the following two lines into your terminal.  In the Unity dash, search for and launch "Terminal."  In the terminal, type (and enter your password when prompted):

sudo cp -v /etc/pam.d/common-password /etc/pam.d/common-password.original

sudo sed -i "s|pam_unix.so obscure sha512|pam_unix.so min=6 sha512|g" /etc/pam.d/common-password

(Note that the first line above simply makes a copy of your original common-password file, so you can revert to it if you need to).

A bit off topic, but regarding your other point about convenience, I find there are many, many conveniences with Linux, but there are always some things that do no come pre-configured "your way" out-of-the-box.  For example, someone running a business with secure data may appreciate the longer password length restriction.

I also find that if something is not convenient for you out-of-the-box, then it can be easily changed to your liking.  And the best part is, you don't always have to know what to do, because there lots of people out there willing to help!


I'm not entirely sure what you scenario above above, but these are the common ways to fix the black screen issue.

  If LiveCD  boots into a blank screen, when you see the boot menu hit F6 and select the “nomodeset” option.
  If it boots into a blank screen after install.  Reboot and keep your finger on the “SHIFT” key till you get the grub menu. Highlight
  the first entry and replace “quiet splash” with “nomodeset”.  Hit
  CTRL + X to continue booting. Once logged in install the latest
  Graphics drivers. System -> Administration -> Additional Drivers

source: http://thedaneshproject.com/posts/ubuntu-11-04-blank-screen-on-boot-solved/


What does the double-hyphen do in `lxc exec`

Partly this is a duplicate of what does double dash mean.

You ask an interesting question about lxc so let me answer that. In your two examples, both instances of -- tell lxc to not interpret options after that point. The different positioning in this case is irrelevant. However, because you're running a command line in a container, you might want to use -- as part of that command line. Consider the following: I created a file /tmp/bar containing the line --foo. The following commands were run in the container:

root@myContainer:~# echo "here is --foo" >/tmp/bar
root@myContainer:~# echo "this line has no double dash" >> /tmp/bar
root@myContainer:~# cat /tmp/bar
here is --foo
this line has no double dash
root@myContainer:~# exit

Now I'm going to search for that using grep. I need to let grep know that the -- is part of the search pattern, not an option to grep:

$ lxc exec myContainer -- grep -- --foo /tmp/bar
here is --foo

If I use a single -- it gets consumed by the lxc command line and I get the error:

$ lxc exec myContainer grep -- --foo /tmp/bar
grep: unrecognized option '--foo'
Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...
Try 'grep --help' for more information.


How to make Adobe PDFMaker (Acrobat Pro XI) working with Microsoft Office 2007 using winetricks?

One can install Adobe Acrobat Pro XI by the method similar to the MathType installation (to the same WINEPREFIX) and following this answer about Acrobat Pro by steps below:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Winetricks/winetricks/master/src/winetricks
export WINEPREFIX=~/.local/share/wineprefixes/office2007pro
sh ./winetricks msxml3 msxml6 wininet ie8 vcrun6 atmlib
wine SETUP.EXE

Then it will add Acrobat panel to the Word 2007 ribbon:

and clicking Create PDF will start PDF creation process with progress bar window

and will finish by showing PDF document.

Note: method is fully-functional, but embedded Mathtype equations look weird in resulting PDF document.


Do graphics drivers for Intel HD 4600 exist?

Following link points to the same issue: ubuntu 12.04 - intel hd4600 haswell graphics issue

Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise) uses older kernel, while better support of Intel HD4600 was added into later kernels. It should be solved in Ubuntu 13.04 kernel and command bellow allows to use Ubuntu 13.04 kernel in 12.04 Ubuntu.

Install Raring (13.04) kernel and x-server with following command:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-raring xserver-xorg-lts-raring

I tested this steps today on fresh install of 64bit Ubuntu Precise 12.04.2 with Intel i5-4670K processor.

Comments:

Link on top of this answer does not install 13.04 kernel (Raring), but only 12.10 kernel (Quantal)
Ubuntu Precise 12.04.2 64bit (image available for download today) already includes Quantal kernel and x-server as a default. This 12.10 kernel (Quantal) has some basic support of Haswell processors (more on this link)


Weird color problem after install Ubuntu MATE

just a guess, try to change color depth of your remote desktop client. From your screenshots, you seems to use a Mac machine. I do not know exactly where it would be located but you should have an option that allows you to decrease color depth and you could see if this fix your issue

Till next time
See ya


How to check charged percentage of battery and to adjust its thresholds?

1: In general, the directory /proc/acpi/battery/ should have a host of information about your battery. So cat /proc/acpi/battery/info should bring up original manufacturing information and cat /proc/acpi/battery/state should bring up current information, including the charging status.

More specifically, since you have a Lenovo, I think these commands might work as well (maybe these will work and the above ones won't):

cat /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/state
cat /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/remaining_percent
cat /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/remaining_running_time
cat /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/remaining_charging_time
cat /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/remaining_capacity

2: I think this is what you're after:

Set starting charge at 40%:

echo 40 > /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/start_charge_thresh

Set stopping charge at 70%:

echo 70 > /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/stop_charge_thresh

Display charging thresholds:

cat /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/*_charge_thresh

There's a whole host more features, commands and information here.


Vim's spell checking is smart enough to distinguish between HTML tags and their contents:

Spell checking is not enabled by default, and can be enabled by:

:set spell

The documentation for spell checking in Vim can be browsed using :help spell.

If you have never use Vim before, it can be a bit ... daunting. First install a more full-featured version:

sudo apt-get install vim-gnome

Then run gvimtutor to learn the basics of Vim.


Mouse cursor changes size when new process starts

Edit ~/.kde/share/config/startupconfig

sudo gedit ~/.kde/share/config/startupconfig

and add the following line:

kcminputrc_mouse_cursorsize="20"

Now save the file and everything is hopefully fine.

source


I assume you received a .sh file from the company that sells EPD, and that you downloaded that file into the folder named "Downloads". What you should do is to try running the .sh file as the Super User

Here is a step-by-step explanation on how to do it.

Hit the SUPER key ("Windows" key) on your keyboard. Type in "Terminal", and then hit enter. This launches the terminal window.
Travel to the folder where EPD is saved, using the cd command. For instance, if you downloaded it into "Downloads", you should use cd ~/Downloads/.
Then run your program with Super User rights. Let's assume your file is a Bash script, with a .sh extension. Let's also assume the name of the installer is "installerfilename.sh". To run your installer with super-user rights, you should type sudo bash installerfilename.sh in the terminal, hit Enter and then enter your password when it is asked for. Another possible command is sudo ./installerfilename.sh.

This should have installed EPD.
If you still run into any issues, please paste in your question the output that you got from the terminal after this command.


Where does system-address-book pull data from?

The contacts database of 1955 personas is stored as contacts.db in

~/.local/share/evolution/addressbook/system/contacts.db

Similarly mail, calendar, tasks and memo can be found under ~/.local/share/evolution

This is similiar to the thunderbird profile where every user data is stored under one folder. However, it looks like the profile for evolution data is a fixed path under the home directory and cannot be changed. The thunderbird profile can be put anywhere on the disk and controlled from ~/.thunderbird/profiles.ini


The route to the remote network should be pushed by the VPN server to which the SSLVPN connection is established.

Could you check if the routes to the remote network are added once the SSLVPN connection is established?

You can verify this by executing the following command in the terminal-

netstat -r


How do I install F-prot anti-virus without root privileges?

It is imposibble because for any change you need be root .


Why does uploading a 16GB file to Ubuntu One from browser on a Mac fail?

you can instal network monitor and see if it is doing something


Apache2 - PHP doesn't work (Unifi portal)

It is accesible, looks like they have mistake in that manual page. The controler looks for path server_ip/guest/s/default not for server_ip/.


Can you post the output of dmesg | grep Blue and lsusb -t.

Also it could be something as simple as incompatibility with Unity, try running:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install unity-control-center


Upgrade is interrupted and my Ubuntu system is somewhere between 11 and 12

These lines appear to be output from grub setup and are not warnings or errors, can you give some more lines before or after? What command is being used to upgrade? and to re - upgrade?

A few times when my upgrade was interrupted i was able to recover with something like

sudo dpkg --configure -a

(the correct command should show up when u try to do apt-get upgrade or apt-get dist-upgrade. More information can be found here.


How do I add convert wav into flac to the context menu?

You can use flac tool. To install it from terminal you can use the following command:

sudo apt-get install flac

After the installation, you can convert .wav files info .flac files as follow (compression level varies from 0 to 8 - 8 being the best):

flac -8 source.wav destination.flac

Now you have to put the above command in a small bash script, then see, for example, this answer to know how to add it in the right click context menu in Nautilus.


emacs warning Lisp directory does not exist

Go to Synaptic Package manager
Search for emacs
Reinstall all packages having emacs in it.


Where does libhdf5.so get stored after running `sudo apt-get install libhdf5-dev`?

The location of the particular library lies in running

dpkg -L libhdf5-dev

which for my installation lies in

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial/libhdf5.so


Difference between ls -l /boot and ls -l /boot/

The slash after boot shows that it is a directory, not a file.

You can see the difference if you create boot file in your home directory. Run

touch boot
ls -l boot/
ls -l boot

and you'll see what I mean.

If boot is a directory, it doesn't make any difference to run either way.


How to change gnome shell theme in ubuntu 14.10?

You should be able to use the User Themes extension (make sure it is enabled):

and Gnome Tweak Tool:

You can also change the theme from command line, by examining things using dconf-editor, you can use gsettings to change the theme - so for Gnome 3.8 with the User Themes extension, this sets the theme to "Zukitwo":

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.user-theme name "Zukitwo"

Resets the theme:

gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.user-theme name

Gets the current theme's name

gsettings get org.gnome.shell.extensions.user-theme name

If you have downloaded the theme from somewhere (e.g. a zip from DeviantArt), put the theme's directory in ~/.local/share/themes (if it does not exist, create it). Note the theme won't work if it does not contain a gnome-shell folder with the Gnome shell theme - in which case you can make a similar one using Elegance colours or similar.

  WARNING: This method is harder to undo, and will also change the theme for the login screen (if the theme does not work it is probably
  then more likely to go wrong...)

Otherwise (you'll may want to do this by running nautilus as root - if so use pkexec/gksudo), you can copy the contents gnome-shell bit of the theme to /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme - beforehand make sure you backup the existing theme:

sudo cp -r "/usr/share/gnome-shell/theme" "/usr/share/gnome-shell/themeBACKUP"

You can also change the permissions so you can access this directory as a normal user:

sudo chmod 777 "/usr/share/gnome-shell/theme"


How to install lamp server with php 5.3 on ubuntu 16.04?

In case you really need to do it, use phpbrew.

My steps to install php5.3 on Ubuntu 16.04 (will work for 14.04):

Install phpbrew https://github.com/phpbrew/phpbrew/wiki/Quick-Start

To build 5.3.24 :

sudo phpbrew install 5.3.24  +bz2 +calendar +cli +gd +ctype +dom +iconv +fileinfo +filter +ipc +json +mbregex +mbstring +mhash +mcrypt +pcntl +pcre +pdo +phar +posix +readline +sockets +tokenizer +xml +curl +zip +mysql +debug +apxs2

/etc/apache2/mods-available/php5.load file must contain

LoadModule php5_module        /usr/lib/apache2/modules/libphp5.3.24.so
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

To enable module for apache2:

sudo a2dismod php5.6 ; sudo a2dismod php7.0 ; sudo a2enmod php5 ; sudo service apache2 restart

To install gd extension

phpbrew use php5.3.24
phpbrew ext install gd --with-gd=shared,/usr --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-gmp=shared,/usr --with-jpeg-dir=shared,/usr --with-xpm-dir=shared,/usr/X11R6 --with-png-dir=shared,/usr --with-freetype-dir=shared,/usr --with-vpx-dir=shared,/usr


Problem with pulseaudio at startup (it doesn't start)

try maybe using:
killall pulseaudio

And try Again with:
pulseaudio --start

If it started up, But has some weird static effect, then try Doing either:
killall pulseaudio

OR
pulseaudio -k && sudo alsa force-reload && sleep 2 && pulseaudio -k && sudo alsa force-reload


udev and tmpfs in the output of df command refer to filesystem types. You're probably seeing something like this:

$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           787M  1.5M  786M   1% /run
/dev/sda1        28G   25G  1.6G  94% /
tmpfs           3.9G  193M  3.7G   5% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sdb1       110G   81G   24G  78% /mnt/extra
tmpfs           787M   40K  787M   1% /run/user/1000

tmpfs - essentially is a virtual filesystem located in RAM instead of a disk device. Since it's a filesystem, data saved there has a certain order, just like a regular filesystem for a disk storage would have, however the files reside in memory and are not persistent (that is, those files will be gone next time you power off the computer - and it's OK, that information is necessary only for the duration of the system running and no reason to store data on disk). In some other Linux distributions you might see /tmp directory serve as a mountpoint for one such tmpfs filesystem.

udev is also a filesystem, which is also virtual, however there's many more pieces to the overall udev system. Information stored in this filesystem is of course related to the devices files - aka the interface between actual physical device and the user. You can read more about it on a related question. Interesting behavior of this filesystem is that data doesn't really accumulate in certain files when you write to them - this is different compared to regular disk filesystems. For instance, consider the character device /dev/null or /dev/tty1.

As for "What should I do with them?" question, the answer is "nothing". For a casual user they're not interesting. They run from RAM, they don't eat up actual disk space, and they play somewhat important purpose in the system. Software developers, sysadmins, and advanced users  - they'll have a good reason to create another tmpfs for their purpose or they'll have a reason to poke around /dev or modify the configuration/rules for how udev treats newly added devices to the system. But of course - those types of users do have a reason to "do something" about these filesystems

Note that although /dev/sda1 appears in Filesystem column, it is actually a device file. What actually is on that device represented by /dev/sda1 might be ext4 or NTFS filesystem, and you can see that with lsblk -f or df -T command.


Ubuntu doesn't start gdm3 and enters tty1 on boot

I finally solved it, it appeared to me that systemctl get-default returns multi-user.target. I don't know what this affects and how, but I changed the default to graphical.target:

systemctl set-default graphical.target

and it just works now!


Any way to consolidate multiple .Trash directories

You can bind the .Trash directory from the data partition to ~/.local/share/Trash.
mount --bind source destination
i.e
sudo mount --bind /media/sda2/.Trash ~/.local/share/Trash


Ubuntu (like Debian, on which Ubuntu is based) uses .deb packages. HOWEVER, I don't recommend downloading packages and installing them outside of the Software Center if you can help it. Ubuntu Linux is different from Windows or Mac in that regard. You can use the Ubuntu Software Center to search for and install packages, or command line tools like apt-cache and apt-get if you're feeling geeky.

For example, to get the Adobe Flash Player, simply install it via the Ubuntu Software Center. You could additionally install Ubuntu Restricted Extras, which will install other common proprietary media formats like MP3 as well.

As for Avast, it doesn't seem to be in the repositories, but perhaps you could find a suitable alternative such as ClamAV. Also, remember Anti-Virus protection isn't generally needed on a Linux system in the same way it is needed on a Windows system. I run Clam on Linux file and email servers simply to keep viruses from getting passed on to Windows machines that may connect.

Hope some of this helps you.


Problem with recent apps on ubuntu vivid vervet

To my knowledge, there currently is no way bypass the intro screen that is giving you troubles.  What you describe seems to have been reported as a bug, and a user has suggested adding "a 'skip intro' button for those of us who can't swipe with our mice."  Please have a look here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity8/+bug/1434712

UPDATE:  Comment #7 of the above referenced bug report suggests a temporary workaround that will allow bypassing the intro screen.  I haven't tried the proposed workaround.  I'm waiting for a more permanent fix.


How to execute sh script from a desktop shortcut?

I know this is a while ago but though if someone else asks I have this answer.

Open nautilus
Files menu -> behaviour tab
Run executable text files when they are opened

In later versions this option is found at: Files menu -> Edit -> Preferences -> behaviour tab

In Ubuntu 14.10 move the mouse to the top of the screen and the File, Edit etc... Menu bar appears. Click EDIT -> Preferences -> Behaviour tab


Can I learn systemd on an Upstart system?

No, not really. Just use a virtual machine and install systemd in it.


How can I move the default home folder directories to a new location?

I usually have a data partition automatically mounted in /media/data on which there are directories Documents, Pictures, etc.

I remove the corresponding folder in my home and create symlinks to those in /media/data, for example

rmdir ~/Documents/
ln -s /media/data/Documents ~/

This work after first login, when the directories are still empty. In your case you could move them first

mv ~/Documents/ /media/data/
ln -s /media/data/Documents ~/


How to connect ICU library with gcc in the Ubuntu 16.04?

From the FAQ:

  For other platforms, the .tgz file unpacks to a "/usr/local" type hierarchy. For system-wide installation, you can unpack all of the
  files into /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/include, etc.
  The configuration script /usr/local/bin/icu-config  or the similar Makefile include fragment /usr/local/lib/icu/current/Makefile.inc
  can be used in building applications.

To extract the archive's icu/usr/local to /usr/local:

sudo tar zxvf icu4c-61_1-Ubuntu16.04-x64.tgz -C /usr/local ./icu/usr/local --strip-components=4

The tar options:

-C /usr/local: to put the extracted files in /usr/local
./icu/usr/local: to extract only the contents of ./icu/usr/local of from the archive (skipping the mostly useless readme.txt)
--strip-components=4: to extract the files, but remove the leading 4 components (./icu/usr/local) from the paths, since we're already extracting to /usr/local.

If you have used pkg-config before, icu-config seems to be a similar script.


LXDE bluetooth gone. How do I get it back?

Lubuntu, which has LXDE as its desktop environment, uses blueman-manager. Here's something on how to disable it:

  Disable Bluetooth

  This is achieved by blacklisting the relevant bluetooth modules. To
  find these, issue the following in LXterminal:

  lsmod | grep bluetooth

  An example out would be:

  bluetooth 179900  23 rfcomm,bnep,btusb

  Using the above example, you would edit the blacklist.conf file, again
  using LXterminal:

  gksudo leafpad /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

  and add the following lines to the end of the file:

  blacklist rfcomm
  blacklist bnep
  blacklist btusb
  blacklist bluetooth

  After rebooting, issuing:

  lsmod | grep bluetooth

  Should not find anything.

Sources: here and here.


With an existing partitioned drive, windows 7 on one and Ubuntu on the other, how can now get rid of windows?

Two step process:

First Step:  With Ubuntu up and running, use gparted to delete the partition that has windows 7 on it.  Modify grub to remove the Windows 7 boot entry...

Second step:

Decide if you want to incorporate the space into your existing Ubuntu partition, or mount the partition as a directory within your file structure.

To incorporate, you will need to create a live USB to boot from - the one that you download from Canonical for installing Ubuntu would be great.  Boot from this USB using the 'try Ubuntu' choice.  The USB will have a copy of gparted on it, and you can use this to increase the size of your Ubuntu partition, although you will need to move any partitions between the unused space and your Ubuntu partition.

Should you decide to have the space mounted on the directory somewhere, you should use gparted to create an acceptable partition and format, and then study the man mount commands to learn about getting the partition online, and placing appropriate entries into /etc/fstab


Is there a tool to quickly create custom keyboard layouts for international keyboard, greek and unicode math?

I think this tool might work for you although I've never used it. keyboardlayouteditor

If it doesn't work then with a little patience you can create a custom keyboard layout by yourself.

I know it's not a quick way to do it but by doing it this way you will learn something.

If you decide to do it by yourself then the only thing you need to do is edit a file located in /usr/share/x11/xkb/symbols.

Inside the folder "symbols" you will find all the keyboard layout files.

Backup the file you want to use, in your case the "us" file.

To backup the file open a terminal and type:

cp /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us_backup

Now open the "us" file:

sudo gedit /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us

You will see something like this:

// Alphanumeric section
key <TLDE> {    [     grave,    asciitilde  ]   };
key <AE01> {    [     1,    exclam      ]   };
key <AE02> {    [     2,    at      ]   };
key <AE03> {    [     3,    numbersign  ]   };
key <AE04> {    [     4,    dollar      ]   };
key <AE05> {    [     5,    percent     ]   };
key <AE06> {    [     6,    asciicircum ]   };
key <AE07> {    [     7,    ampersand   ]   };
key <AE08> {    [     8,    asterisk    ]   };
key <AE09> {    [     9,    parenleft   ]   };
key <AE10> {    [     0,    parenright  ]   };
key <AE11> {    [     minus,    underscore  ]   };
key <AE12> {    [     equal,    plus        ]   };

The key <xxxx> entries are the name of the keys and the {[]}; entries are the symbols

The image below will show you the key codes:

Now to create your custom keyboard layout you need to replace the contents of {[]}; with the symbol names you want.

For example in order to replace the exclamation mark with the dollar symbol change the following line

key <AE01> {    [     1,    exclam      ]   };

to this:

key <AE01> {    [     1,    dollar      ]   };

After you finish editing your custom keyboard save the file and restart your computer.

In case you want to go back to your original "us" keyboard layout open a terminal and type the following:

sudo cp /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us_backup /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us

For further reading:

http://www.charvolant.org/~doug/xkb/
http://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.5/doc/input/XKB-Config.html
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Howto%3A%20Custom%20keyboard%20layout%20definitions


Maybe rootsh could work. http://www.hackersgarage.com/how-to-track-linux-shell-users-activity.html


how do I configure my keyboard to write acute accents?

Configuration
Go into Ubuntu's system settings and then click "Keyboard", in the shortcuts tab there's a section called typing so open that up. Once your in typing enable "Compose key" and assign it to whatever you would like. (Personally I use rAlt) After thats enabled hold down your compose key press the english key first then the tilde.
Examples

'compose key' + a + ' = á

'compose key' + a + ` = à


Alternative downloads

Scroll down to the bottom and select the mirror you would like (based on your country, i am using US mirror). It will lead you to a index of ubuntu releases. Choose the one you want. That will lead you to a choice based on your PC/laptop/machine.

Good Luck


grub missing (ubuntu dual boot Windows 8.1 )

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair
Boot-Repair helped me .... Downloaded as iso and run it as live from usb


System boots with Windows 10 directly instead of showing the grub screen *even after updating the BCD*. Suggestions?

Well there's part of your problem. There was no boot entry in your BIOS showing for Ubuntu. You should not need to touch Windows BCD config, as it will inevitably mess things up with a dual-boot. Just because you've now forced that as a description doesn't mean GRUB is correctly configured. Sometimes BIOS just shows the GRUB boot-disk as the disk id instead of Ubuntu.

In order to correctly configure GRUB there are a few methods available, so I'll recommend the easiest one that usually works (but not always). First make sure Secure Boot and Fast Boot are disabled in BIOS/UEFI.

Boot up into Live Ubuntu from your UFD. Open the Terminal (R. Click Desktop). Download and install this repository with: s:sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair, then sudo apt-get update, then run: sudo apt-get install boot-repair, then boot-repair and follow instructions. The process may take several minutes but at the end you should see a message whether boot-repair was successful or not. If good, restart your computer and report back.


There is currently no X11 support, hence you cant run any X11 software on it.


32-bit application (timeEdition) stopped working on new hardware

following work for 64 bit Ubuntu 13.10 system:

sudo apt-get install libcanberra-gtk-module:i386 (run 32 bit lib for 64 bit system)

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0:i386 libpangox-1.0-0:i386 libpangoxft-1.0-0:i386 libidn11:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386 libxtst6:i386


Currently, sharing notes in Ubuntu One is not possible. The link you posted in your question shows that it is an idea under consideration and may or may not be actually implemented.

If you really have to share your notes, then copy the contents of the notes and save it as a .txt file and share it on Ubuntu One.


how to pipe:/// through a .sh or Python script, or use some sort of setting files with FFMPEG

I didn't find an actual answer, more a work around. As this was all part of a bigger, involving plex, I found a proxy (xteve) that includes ffmpeg transcoding, and I can set the options for ffmpeg.  That is good enough for what I was trying to do.

Hope this save someone else a little time.


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (64 bit) strange text appearing. Dell E5500

The device name has changed. Type xinput --list to find the new name for "DualPoint Stick" and replacing it should solve the problem.

In my case the command is:
xinput -set-prop "AlpsPS/2 ALPS DualPoint Stick" "Device Enabled" 0


The value http seems to be a valid display filter, and a quick check here seems to work okay:

So, perhaps something else is going on here. A couple of things to check:

Are you capturing on the correct interface? You can confirm which interface your request would be routed through, via ip route get <ip>
Do you see the HTTP requests in the unfiltered view?
Do you see any packets in the unfiltered view? By default, all captured packets should be displayed. If you see nothing (and you're sure there's network activity), you may be capturing on the wrong interface.
Are you sure that your browser is performing HTTP requests (on port 80), and not HTTPS?


How do I enable and disable GNOME extensions from the command line?

Run

gsettings set org.gnome.shell disable-user-extensions true

to disable all the extensions enabled by the user (it will remember which of the extensions are currently enabled, won't disable extensions individually).

Similarly, run

gsettings set org.gnome.shell disable-user-extensions false

to enable the extensions.


Strange colors in Image viewer and firefox

It may be a color profile issue.

Go to System settings > Color

You will see your device. Click on your device and click the button Add profile.

In the menu that comes up select default color profile and restart your application.


Execute a script upon a blank screen (screen off) in Ubuntu

Using dbus-monitor you can watch for the screensaver signal like this:
dbus-monitor --session "type='signal',interface='org.gnome.ScreenSaver'" |
  while read x; do
    case "$x" in
      *"boolean true"*) echo "Start my script";;
      *"boolean false"*) echo "Cancel my script";;
    esac
  done

Replace the echo statements with whatever you need, and you should be good to go.


'Permission denied' while installing 32-bit Java (JDK/JRE) on 64-bit Ubuntu

The error given suggests that you are trying to run the binary to somewhere that you don't have permissions. I'm fairly certain that you have to run it as root, so sudo ./jre-6u23-linux-i586.bin should get rid of that error.

Also make sure that you have ia32-lib installed, otherwise you shouldn't be able to run 32-bit applications.


Why does Compiz crash on the Ubuntu host when opening Windows 7 in Virtualbox?

You can reconfigure Apport to report bugs from crashes. If you're willing to submit a good bug report, that may shed light on the problem and/or get it fixed.

Compiz is your window manager. When it crashes, you don't generally lose data from any applications. So no, you needn't worry.

If you want, you can switch to Unity 2D (select Ubuntu 2D instead of Ubuntu at the login screen, by expanding the session type drop-down menu, which looks like a circle with the Ubuntu icon in it). Unity 2D uses Metacity rather than Compiz, so that will make this crash go away.


After installing MS fonts, the fonts are still not the same as on windows

Sorry, but I don't use Chromium.  But as far as Firefox, to make the fonts look like in Windows, just click on Edit, and then Preferences

And then just make sure your font settings look like the images below.

Here is what I found, after doing research:

  Most websites use "Cascading Style Sheets" to set fonts and many other
  layout features. Well-designed stylesheets will request a series of
  fonts so that, if one isn't available, an alternative is tried. Not
  surprisingly, most commercial sites design for Windows and often the
  developers don't think much, if at all, about how the site might
  render on other operating systems with the exception, perhaps, of Mac
  OS X.

  You can tell Firefox to always use its own fonts in the Content
  dialog, but a better option is just to install the core fonts package.
  Often that's all you need.

  That said, font rendering in Windows will always be slightly different
  from rendering in Ubuntu or other Linux platforms. Part of that has to
  do with intellectual property issues. Many commercial fonts are
  "hinted" to improve the display (anti-aliasing issues, for example);
  Linux often can't follow those hints because it would require the
  installation of proprietary technologies that require licensing.

  You can also try installing other browsers like Chrome or Opera or, if
  you're using Kubuntu, Konqueror or rekonq.

Also you could try this:

Edit ~/.font.config and make sure it looks like the following

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
 <fontconfig>
  <match target="font">
  <edit mode="assign" name="rgba">
   <const>rgb</const>
  </edit>
  </match>
  <match target="font">
  <edit mode="assign" name="hinting">
   <bool>true</bool>
  </edit>
  </match>
 <match target="font">
  <edit mode="assign" name="autohint">
   <bool>false</bool>
  </edit>
  </match>
  <match target="font">
  <edit mode="assign" name="hintstyle">
   <const>hintslight</const>
  </edit>
  </match>
  <match target="font">
  <edit mode="assign" name="antialias">
   <bool>true</bool>
  </edit>
  </match>
 </fontconfig>

Source:Change Web Browser Fonts in Ubuntu to Look Like Windows


Unable to get wireless on a Dell Inspiron E1405

I could not connect E1405 dell to wireless to get on internet . I downloaded all drivers - still a problem. What saved me was "little alpha" - an Alpha network wireless adapter ( external) and connected to computer . It + its software - got me connected. Bravo "little alpha " !!


Two monitors causing crash with same Nvidia graphics card

Okay, I figured it out myself. I had to reinstall my drivers and use the "NVidia X Server Settings" and it took me a while to set up, but it works :D


Launcher bar in purple and only has icons for dash, trash, and workspaces; keyboard unresponsive, and menu bar empty

Try this.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the commands below.

sudo apt-get purge unity && sudo apt-get install unity

Reboot your system.

If the above does't help, try

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-mono ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-desktop unity unity-common unity-2d


Why are there infinitely many x11 subdirectories in /usr/bin/x11?

/usr/bin/X11/ is a symbolic link (symlink) pointing to /usr/bin/. Hence it contains itself and you can follow those X11 folders all day long but there's still just one on your disk.

This is for compatibility reasons as some programs expect some other program to be in /usr/bin/X11/ but Ubuntu puts them in /usr/bin/.


You can install wine  using the Ubuntu Software Centre and search for "wine", select the first one and press install. Also you can install PlayOnLinux which is a GUI for helping you install Windows Software into Ubuntu Linux.

Usually there are no pre-downloaded files in Linux world because you also have to find and download all the dependencies!!! That is why it is better to install programs through Software Centre that will deal with any dependencies.


Is it possible to add edge resistance to Compiz "Desktop Wall" edge flipping?

Since it seems that edge resistance is unsupported, I decided to find an alternative solution:   edge clicking

This method also has the added benefit, that Snapping Windows will still work.

If you don't need the ability to move windows (e.g. dragging window to new workspace), just use Desktop Wall section 'Bindings' under 'Move within wall'. You can map edge clicking to actions there.

If you need to move windows easily, by the following method, you can left click the edge to move up/down, or right click to move with window up/down:

(Make sure Desktop Wall is enabled)

Setup Button bindings

Setup commands


Decreasing the amount of space Ubuntu takes up on a flash drive

Aside from the fact that 15.04 is unsupported at this point, it has a minimum disk space requirement of 5 GB (Source). If you need to work under such tight space requirements you should consider to either

install Ubuntu on a larger medium,
install a flavour of Ubuntu with a smaller storage footprint (see for example How do I find out which version and derivative of Ubuntu is right for my hardware in terms of minimal system requirements?), or
store some of the programs and user data on a different storage medium.


I have also faced the same issue. switched java version from 8 to 7 ,started working without any issue.


proc-fs-nfsd.mount is masked : cannot unmask

I had a similar problem following a hard disk change, the content of my /etc/exports becoming incorrect.

Even after fixing /etc/exports, nfs did not start.

The problem is that there were a lot of links to /dev/null in /run/systemd/system/.

The solution was to do

sudo rm /run/systemd/system/*.mount

then to restart nfs.


Get latest Thunderbird version (38.0.1 for 15.04 32bit)

It makes sense!
Maybe the new design???
Using a PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mozillateam/thunderbird-next
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


How do I install and run Lord of the Rings Online on a 64-bit Ubuntu system?

From http://www.lotrolinux.com/

  The actual game works very well under wine, with just a few adjustments needed to wine's registry and the games UserPreferences.ini file. Details of these adjustments can be found at the wine AppDB page for the Lord of the Rings Online or the How-To on this site.

Important section from the 2nd link:

Requirements

A PC with at least the minimum system specs for the game.
Wine or CrossOver Games.

Caveats

You'll need to install the Mozilla engine in Wine to get Help/Lorebook and Turbine Store links to work. If your client crashes or shows a black page when accessing the store, you're missing the Mozilla web browsing engine in Wine
If you run Linux and you run Beryl/Compiz (or some other 3D Desktop Effects software), disable them before launching LOTRO. The game will run normally, although with somewhat degraded performance. However, many hotkey functions and mouse gestures used in the game will also activate 3D Desktop effects, and could cause the game to crash.
If you get odd texture tiling on the ground, disable Anisotropic texture filtering in the LotRO Advanced Graphics settings.

Download

A client can be downloaded from this link.

Note that it is strongly recommended that you use the standard Turbine Client download (Pando Media Booster, PMB) when installing under WINE 1.3.9 or later. Using Wine versions LOWER than 1.3.9 is NOT recommended.

Installing LOTRO

Install LOTRO. DO NOT USE THE MOM DVD FOR THIS! Install a downloaded version. Patching from the MOM [Mines of Moria] DVD will take as long, if not longer than downloading the current installer and patching it. Also, it is no longer possible to "patch-up" from the SOA [Shadows of Angmar] DVD. Download and install PyLOTRO by following the instructions from the PyLOTRO download page.

Configure the PyLOTRO launcher. The settings should be adjusted to fit your system:

Application      Wine
WINEDEBUG        fixme-all
WINEPREFIX       /home/your-username/.wine
Game Directory   /home/your-username/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/Turbine/The Lord of the Rings Online
Hi-Res Graphics  Enabled (or Disabled if you downloaded standard res LOTRO)

Running LOTRO

The first time you run LOTRO it will fail, because it's missing its config files. During the crash it will create them however. From then on it will work fine. If you use the GUI launcher please remember to patch when needed (Tools->Patch->Apply, close when done).


Get a list of network connections my machine is making

You can't get ended connections unless you were logging them.
To get the current connections:

# sudo netstat -tupn

This will show the current opened source and destination ports with IPs.

To get more details about the contents of the connections, install tcpdump if it's not installed and run:

# sudo tcpdump -X -i eth0

And you can run that in the background and write the output to a file.


bc: set number of digits after decimal point

Set the scale special variable:

$ echo "scale=2; 100/3" | bc
33.33


PDFs don't render correctly with Firefox and pdf.js

Working on Firefox 16 on Kubuntu 12.10 .. Fixed! There were two things I did to fix it:

cd /etc/fonts/conf.d
sudo rm 10-*.conf

and by following the answer here


History of connections to Wi-Fi networks

This command will get you started

zgrep "Connected to wireless network" /var/log/syslog*

It at least gives date, time, and network name


You can use locate

locate testingthis

or find

find / -name testingthis

For locate the system has to build a database of files. If the database is not built it will not find anything. Also if you add new files they will not be found until the database is updated again. You can updated the database with updatedb.


How do I encrypt all my hard disk and not only the home directory

You need to perform the installation with the alternate CD.

You can then perform installation into an encrypted root partition (LUKS) with or without LVM.

It is easier to use LVM as you can then use LVM to create multiple partitions (/home , swap) , but only enter a password once when you boot.

There is a full graphical walk-through here : http://joernfranz.wordpress.com/2011/01/20/installing-ubuntu-10-10-with-full-disk-encryption/

Would be nice if someone made such a graphical walk through on the Ubuntu wiki.


No internet. No tethering. Solving this once and for all

Just found issue with Samsung Galaxy S7 Android and Ubuntu USB tethering..  When usb tethering, the mac address assigned is all zeros's... The mac needs to be changed to something other than all zero's.. I installed macchanger and macchanger-gtk.  Then from command prompt run sudo macchanger gtk, you can select the usb tethering interface and change mac, the connection should come right up after that..


Crontab - Linux - EC2 - Python - No module named 'pandas'

The issue is likely a python path issue.  Python packages can be installed in several locations:

/home/username/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/
~/project_path/venv/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/

You have likely installed pandas in the first location, and when cron runs it does not have that location in the python path.  You can fix this by setting the python path in your cron script (use your correct python version):

 PYTHONPATH=/home/username/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages

Or you can install pandas globally:

 sudo -H pip install pandas

Or you can learn to use virtual environments in which case you would activate your environment first, either directly in the cron separated by && or create a shell script to activate and run your python from and call that from cron.  If you have multiple projects that rely on different versions of python or libraries, this is the preferred method of handling that.


Ubuntu Live CD: How to switch user on LiveCD to "root"

The live CD will forget everything you did during your session, so I'd recommend booting from a USB key with a persistent session. Root has no password in live session, so in the CLI, if you do sudo su, it'll just go to root, and not ask for a password. You could easily make a bash script to go to root and then run your perl scripts.

By default root will timeout after 15 minutes, but you can change that, see this page.


Input signal out of range Change settings to 1600x900 60

After hearing the login sound type in your password.(if required; since you can't see)
then open the Terminal
ctrl+alt+T
Type in
sudo xrandr -s 1600x900
type in admin password and hit enter.
The display should return


How to resolve dependencies when compiling a software from source

sudo apt-get build-dep (package)

That should install all the packages needed to build something.  You may also need to install build-essentials


In PulseAudio Volume Control there is an option to set the volume up to 153%.

You can get it using this command: sudo apt-get install pavucontrol and launch it with the command: pavucontrol (or launch it through the GUI).


GTK apps not respecting Kubuntu's oxygen-gtk theme when executed as sudo

Run the command below and re-apply the oxygen-gtk theme:

kdesudo systemsettings


how to use gparted to partion 2 drives as 1

In response to your question, I refer you to another forum post on same topic, already answered by gunbert and Jobin:
How to merge an unallocated partition with an extended partition?

*Ammended
This link will help you create a logical partition over two physical drives. :
How can I create one logical volume over two disks using LVM?

One note of caution: it is mentioned in the above answer that creating a logical volume across the two physical disks, as suggested, could expose you to certain risks involving disk failure. Something to consider.

Here is another post, from Ubuntu Help, you may find useful. It outlines the steps involved for setting up LVM without a fresh install. :
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SettingUpLVM-WithoutACleanInstall


Is there anything like Microsoft's taskkill in Terminal?

Yes! Linux has killall. Try killall firefox.

But my favorite is command line task manager htop - run that, press F5 for process tree view and kill necessary process.

  Well, actually process killing is bad. You have to have pretty good
  reason to do that. Try to find source of problem.


Unable to connect to any Wifi in Ubuntu 14.04

If you have the installation USB, insert it and and drill down to pool > restricted > b > bcmwl and drag bcmwl-kernel-source to your desktop. Do the same with pool > main > d > dkms and drag dkms to you desktop. Then install:

cd ~/Desktop
sudo dpkg -i dkms*.deb
sudo dpkg -i bcmwl*.deb
sudo modprobe wl

Your wireless should now be working.


It sounds to me like you probably mounted the boot point for Ubuntu on the Flash Drive rather than your hard disk or the file system. If you run the setup again, from your flash drive, and repair the current installation. It should cure your problems, although, you may need to reinstall if a repair doesn't fix it.

I could be talking a load of nonsense as I have not had any problems with booting, so check first that there are not any better looking at posts like Can't boot without Flash Drive plugged in


I had a similar issue. I need JDK 11 for Android Studio and JRE 8 for Thinkorswim.
I haven't found a way that works automatically but a quick manual fix is to run the following command:
sudo update-alternatives --config java

Then select the version you need and press Enter, following the onscreen instructions.
It works the same even if you need to change javac.
Here are the links that provided this solution:
Install Oracle JDK 11 on Linux - Java Helps
and
Learning Center - Technical


Airmon-ng fails to create monitor interface

You might want to check, whether your device is supported. See the list of supported devices.


Add fstl (program) to select application menu

Solved - I entered the following commands in the terminal:

"mimeopen -d examplefile.stl" (where examplefile is a .stl file on my desktop)

"4" (for "Other...")

"fstl"

This is the terminal output:

user@yourcomputer:~$ mimeopen -d examplefile.stl
Please choose a default application for files of type model/stl

1) Blender  (blender)
2) Cura (4.4.1)  (appimagekit_6ac323bcce2d099d10c57f4ce4a308a0-Cura)
3) Darktable  (darktable)
4) Other...

use application #4
use command: fstl


7 Day Owncloud Install Ubuntu Server LTS . Mariadb uninstall/reinstall & pkg issues for Owncloud install

It appears as if you're trying to run apt clean without root permissions... If this is true, a simple fix should be just running:

sudo apt clean && sudo apt autoclean

Let me know if this helps...


Forwarding multicast packets in wired-wireless-nat-router

I got a working solution for the environment mentioned above.

On the bridge notebook, which is connected to the internet via wlan0 (192.168.2.0/24) and to the new subnet via eth0 (192.168.28.0/24), I installed everything to make it work as a router. For that reason I added a static route in my dsl router to the new subnet via the laptop. If this is not possible, you can also apply a NAT rule on the bridge with iptables:

sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -s 192.168.28.0/24 -j MASQUERADE

Afterwards, I downloaded igmpproxy from http://sourceforge.net/projects/igmpproxy/ and installed it (install documentation is included in the README file). This little tool (recent version is 0.1) works with IGMPv1 and v2, so I forced the bridge to use v2 with:

sudo sh -c 'echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/wlan0/force_igmp_version'
sudo sh -c 'echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/force_igmp_version'

Now, you need to know the network of possible source ip addresses of the multicast streams. In my case the network is 193.0.0.0/8. I created a config file with this content:

quickleave
phyint eth0 downstream  ratelimit 0  threshold 1
phyint wlan0 upstream ratelimit 0 threshold 1
  altnet 192.168.2.0/24 # for local services
  altnet 193.0.0.0/8    # for multicast video streams

igmpproxy can be started using:

sudo igmpproxy -d -vv <config_file_name>

I hope, you can understand everything I was writing about.
Enjoy it.


In Avant Window Navigation (awn) can the icons jump?

Doesn't that happen by default? I mean when I a program is updated (or a notification needs an attention) the icons should do a certain behavior depending on your settings.

Check the preferences & try different effects. The jump effect is called classic.


How do I install Ductilcad with Draftsight?

Unfortunetly You can't but you can use Blender instead with Ductilcad .
The Exported dxfs are fully compatible with Blender 2.49b


There isn't anything already installed that can access the disk. This tool can be used from Windows to get readonly access to the \ubuntu\disks\root.disk but you may have issues if there is file system corruption.

You should boot from an Ubuntu CD/USB in live mode (select "Try Ubuntu") and fsck the root.disk as described here. For example, if your root.disk is on /dev/sda1 you would (change /dev/sda1 as appropriate):

Boot a live CD/USB
Mount the Windows partition

sudo mkdir /media/win

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/win
Fsck the root.disk

sudo fsck /media/win/ubuntu/disks/root.disk

Don't fsck the root.disk if it's mounted.

PS for Wubi it's important not to do hard resets. See here.


Google drive "invalid credentials for email@gmail.com"

update your credentials for online accounts by going to System Settings(top right corner of monitor), then Online Accounts in the left column. this fixed the same error message i had when i clicked on my google drive from my Files app. hope this helps someone.


Open a terminal and check which account plugin packages are installed :

dpkg --get-selections | grep account-plugin

When you want to remove the Unity Flickr account plugin execute :

sudo apt purge account-plugin-flickr libaccount-plugin-flickr

When you want to remove the Unity Google account plugin execute :

sudo apt purge account-plugin-google libaccount-plugin-google

Update addressing the requested information in the comment below

In earlier editions of Ubuntu (14.04/16.04) the libaccount-plugin packages don't exist, so

to remove the Flickr account plugin execute : sudo apt purge account-plugin-flickr
to remove the Google account plugin execute : sudo apt purge account-plugin-google


Does Ubuntu have the equivalent of a registry, especially for desktop GUI items?

The 3 most common applications you will hear about when talking about tweaking Gnome/Unity will be gconf-editor, dconf-editor and ccsm.

You can find those in the Software Center and install them from there.

The 2 first tools will configure different (sometimes not so different, think of it as a path that leads to the same goal) aspects of your Gnome configuration and the last one is important to configure your Unity/Compiz configuration.

gconf-editor stores its data in XML files in /etc/gconf/

dconf-editor uses files called key files stored in /etc/dconf/db/

ccsm stores its data in XML  files in your ~/.gconf/apps/compiz and ~/.gconf/apps/compizconfig folders.

Any of these can be read and edited with a plain text editor (nano, gedit, etc.), but it sure is a lot of work.  Use the appropriate tools to edit those files, and it will make your life much simpler.


Can I safely remove all these packages as asked by the message ("Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them")?

As said in a comment by @dedunumax, most packages were 32-bit.

The rest were not vital.

Removing them with sudo apt autoremove was a safe procedure.

(But I will reinstall some of those removed - like python-dbus, which seems useful for the purpose discussed here.)


Is this CPU usage for TeamViewer on Ubuntu normal? If so, are there any better options?

Team Viewer is a popular universal remote control application. It runs on IOS, Linux, Android, Windows, and Mac etc. It is great that this software is available for Linux, but I have also observed high CPU load when it comes to active Team Viewer sessions. The CPU load goes away when you disconnect. Part of the explanation for this could be that the CPU is used for all rendering and not the graphics card, which may be why it has a lower CPU usage in Windows and Mac. Unfortunately I have been unable to find an alternative that is a perfect match.

All suggestions that suggest that somehow VNC or its derivatives are somehow a substitute, are ill researched suggestions. Though you can remote control a desktop session using VNC it is not nearly as efficient as TeamViewer. NX and its derivatives are on equal par when it comes to performance, and there are even open source implementations that use RDP quire successfully. However, no other solution allows you to traverse firewalls and NAT with absolutely no configuration. Team Viewer works in the same way as Skype does in the sense that it simply auto discovers how to get to the internet and sign in, then locates all the associates to your account (computers in the case of Team Viewer). This is the main feature of Team Viewer and the main reason it has become so popular; and I am sad to see that there is no open source counterpart to team Viewer.
An open source implementation of Team Viewer would be a seriously useful tool in combination with Ubuntu One or something similar.

To mitigate the effects of high CPU use you can try to set a lower priority for the teamviewerd, and TeamViewer GUI processes. You may also be able to buy a license and then open a bug or case in regards to CPU load and see if they address the problem. Otherwise I think you are out of luck.


Enable trashes for mounted ext4 partition

According to this archlinux post referring to the FreeDesktop Trash Specification we can use trash folders for each user, that are located in the top folder

/data
  .Trash-<user1.uid>
  .Trash-<user2.uid>
  ...

and that are owned by the respective user.

chown user1:user1 /data/.Trash-<user1.uid>
chown user2:user2 /data/.Trash-<user2.uid>
...

After this modification users are able to create files, to delete files to the trash and to recover them.

Update: You have to re-log to make this work.


configuring configuration directory for faster access

Configuration files are fairly small -- I doubt that having these small files on your hard disk is the source of your speed problems.
However, one easy solution to your problem is to just create the directory in your SSD and then place a symbolic link from ~/.config/ to it.  ie.,
 sudo mkdir /user/config/
 sudo chown -R <user> /user/config/
 <Either remove ~/.config/ or move it to /user/config/>
 ln -s -f /user/config ~/.config

I guess that will do what you want?


"Software Updater" & "Software & Updates" not working

This is a common thing which is simply solved. These commands clear the "phantom" or "hung" lists and  may have to be used again as needed in the future for similar bug:

sudo rm -rvf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

and then:

sudo apt-get update

You may need to reboot computer for it to effect completely by typing:

sudo shutdown -r now


Is there a way to get a list of all folders on a harddrive with the amount of used space?

Try to use the Disk Usage Analyser app (installed in Ubuntu by default).


Evolution doesn't have its own themes. Selecting a dark GTK+ 3.0 theme should cover most of the UI, but mail and composer views may not follow as they are web views.


fslview is replaced by fsleyes in the recent FSL release.

More details:
https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/FSLeyes


I also have this problem. Sinhala-lk-lug font can be installed using the following command (as root):

By installing using the above command and making suitable setting in Language Support {ibus} and Keyboard Input Methods {add required languages} Sinhala unicode could be used without any trouble in 12.04 as well as previous versions of Ubuntu. But for some time now, although the language selector shows up there it is not possible to type using Sinhala. This might be caused due to a regular software update.

Note: When using the above-mentioned long command to install Sinhala Unicode, the Terminal gives a message that instead of "ttf", "fonts" will be selected.

http://mtechzone.blogspot.com/2011/11/unicode-sinhala-fix-in-linux-ubuntu.html


this is specifically locked on movie studios request. HD allowed only on devices you can't hack to get the streams. period.


On openSUSE, I use the following udev rule (/etc/udev/rules.d/50-usb-power-always-on.rules):

ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", TEST=="power/control", ATTR{power/control}="on"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", TEST=="power/autosuspend" ATTR{power/autosuspend}="0"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", TEST=="power/autosuspend_delay_ms" ATTR{power/autosuspend_delay_ms}="0"

Then run:

udevadm control --reload
systemctl daemon-reload


Installation of owncloud-client in ubuntu

The path owncloud-client was not found, as mentioned in the error message.

Try to use the full path like this:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /opt/owncloud/owncloud-client/

Put the right path into the command, matching your installation.


You call in your script another file/script - ./main. Be sure that you have permission to execute that file (in fact this is saying that exit code: 126). To do this, run the following command:

chmod +x /path/to/main


My Laptop is not starting after upgrade ubuntu 16.04 (Kernel 4.8.0-38 to 04.10.0-36)

My first concern would be the next update installs 4.10.0-37 which is also broken. Then through auto-remove you loose your only working kernel which is 4.8.0-38.

The first thing I would do is install a kernel version which can't be auto-removed and must be manually removed. I would suggest 4.9.45 mainline build because 4.9 is LTS (Long Term Support) for about 5 years I believe.

The instructions for installing a stable mainline kernel are fairly straightforward: What is the lastest stable kernel and how to install it?

Another kernel you can install to test version 4.10 compatibility is 4.10.17 mainline build.

Finally an extra version of 4.8 that can't be removed automatically is 4.8.17 mainline build

Keep in mind each kernel consumes about 50 MB in your /boot directory and about 350 MB in /lib and /etc sub-directories.

Later after auto-installed kernels are working reliably you can remove manually installed kernels. I have lots of disk space and keep about 20 kernels installed for testing purposes but that's not everyone's cup of tea.

Hopefully your problems wiht 4.10.0-36 is a one-off glitch and will never be repeated. First things first though is to protect your system to ensure you can always boot successfully.

Please keep us posted on progress.


I was trying to install 389-ds on Ubuntu 14.04, which seems to be part of kolab. I ran into this same issue. It appears to be a "bug" in the ldif2db script that gets called along the way. The version of that script that gets installed via the normal packages has:

#!/bin/sh

Which fails on line 85:

if [ $? == 1 ]

Which isn't valid for /bin/sh. I was able to get past this by changing the /usr/sbin/ldif2db script to start with:

 #!/bin/bash

Very hacky and is bound to cause issues elsewhere, but...


How do I get Evolution to apply filters automatically?

There is a setting in the account configuration somewhere where you can switch filtering on/off for that account.  Maybe check if it's on?


Make a permanent route change to a specific IP through a specific interface

You can create persistent static routes with netplan.
See some examples: https://netplan.io/examples#using-multiple-addresses-with-multiple-gateways
Also see : https://askubuntu.com/a/992641/77093

For your use case this should look like this:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eno2:
     addresses:
       - 192.168.1.x/24
     [ ... ]

    nm-bond:
     addresses:
       -  192.168.0.x/24
     [ ... ]
     routes:
       - to: 192.168.0.31/32
         via: 0.0.0.0
     [ ... ]


I have the same model of notebook, and I run dualboot Windows 7 and Fedora Core 15 on it. I struggled for the last year with overheating (it would actually shut down in BOTH Windows and FC) and tried all sorts of software solutions and fan controller setups, even pulling it apart to clean the fan. Some improvement, but problem quickly recurred.

When I pulled it apart to clean it for the third time, upon putting it back together it wouldn't run for more than five seconds. I realized that taking it apart that many times had disengaged the thermal paste from the cpu core, and so it was overheating instantly.

I bought some new thermal paste, cleaned the CPU and heatsink, applied the paste and put it back together. Now, ZERO problem. Not a single overheat, it runs sitting on carpet, with the carpet blocking the air intakes, WHILE it runs benchmark software for the CPU and GPU.

It's my opinion (as a BSc Computer Science student on the brink of graduation) that the thermal paste used at the Dell factory is awful quality, and should be replaced with some decent paste.

Hope this helps.

Here's a youtube on how to correctly dismantle the notebook and how to apply thermal paste..


Creating a custom Ubuntu Server (Minimal Install) ISO which only asks for disk and hostname during installation

You need create an ISO with an "unattended installation"
Check this solution: How do I create a completely unattended install of Ubuntu Desktop 16.04.1 LTS?


Ubuntu is kde styled after install AND removal

Remove from your $HOME directory any file that is of the form.gtkrc  After removing such files, go back into your Appearance settings and change your theme to Ambiance or Radiance, apply, then move onto your preferred theme.


Will there be smileys support in Gnome shell notifications?

My hypothesis is yes, there will probably be support for them in the close future. I had a discussion recently about integration of chat sessions in irc, and it was explained that while the core can be modified to include the functionality, it can also be implemented in the form of an extension. Basically, with enough understanding, the shell has infinite capability. Extensions make anything possible, aside from making your bed.

The dev I spoke with commented that there is a need of design for that functionality, which means smilies probably need a designer as well. To follow the progress of things like development I suggest visiting these pages and irc:

Recent Changes

Gnome-Shell IRC: irc://irc.gnome.org/#gnome-shell

Roadmap

Extensions under review

And for much more info check Gnome Live!


Try disabling ACPI on boot by pressing e in the boot menu (grub2) and add acpi=off at the end of the line starting with linux.

You're not the only one to experience ACPI hangs...  ;-)


Amnesia just closes after I select New Game

I will copy and paste my answer to a similar question that was here

  I was able to get my Intel Sandy Bridge working.

  First you need to have mesa-utils installed

  you need need the s3tc library installed, it allows the texture
  compression needed by mesa

  search for and install

libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0

  in the Software Center.

  If you card can support it, the game will launch. There are several
  quality selections in the launch window that comes up so you can try
  low if medium doesn't work. Medium works for me, I haven't tried High
  as Medium is very nice.

  I can tell you that apport seems to think that your gpu hangs so you
  may get the "System error encountered" box popping up but I had no
  hangs except when apport was gathering information and after I removed

  apport, apport-gtk, apport-symptoms

  I have been playing with no problems for the last 3-4 days. So if you
  can get it working you may have to uninstall those progrmas or disable
  apport to play without interruptions.

  If you tell the launch window for Amnesia to detect your card it will
  tell you it's unsupported but as I said it is working fine on my
  Intel.

If your video card will support Amnesia this fix should work.


Autologin not working on GDM with Ubuntu 11.10 and 12.04

GDM on these systems has a bug but there is a workaround.

Open the file with editors whichever you'd like to use:

gksu gedit /etc/gdm/custom.conf

Add these options to that file like this:

# GDM configuration storage
#
#See /usr/share/gdm/gdm.schemas for a list of available options.

[daemon]
#Enabling automatic login
AutomaticLoginEnable = true
AutomaticLogin = YOUR_ACCOUNT_NAME
.
.

Then save and reboot and check if your machine could accept "auto-login" as normally...

Hope this helps
source


Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS crashes with mce related error messages

This looks like a hardware failure of either your CPU or your RAM.
Since you've tried different distros, it seems pretty obvious, that your problem is described here
More information about "MCE" errors...


You can install lightroom using playonlinux which is a frontend for wine. Many apps that don't install well on wine will install using playonlinux.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install playonlinux

If using AMD or Nvidia, you reportedly must use it with Nvidia or AMD proprietary drivers. If you use intel graphics, some people have had success with i5 but it may or may not work.

You can install the Nvidia or AMD proprietary drivers by clicking on Additional Drivers and selecting them from there.

Click here for more info.

Also here.

Alternatively, now that you are using linux, you might as well use darktable as an alternative:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install darktable


minimize all windows by pressing windows with d in ubuntu like windows

The shortcut to minimize all windows is Ctrl+super+d and show the desktop. The super is the 'windows' key you are talking about.

You can change the shortcut in

Dash > System Settings > Keyboard > Shortcuts > Navigation > Hide all normal windows


Finally the answer to my problem was this. I installed laptop-mode-tools like so:

sudo apt-get install laptop-mode-tools

Open the ui and check the mark next to "Enable module video-out". Seems to work for me!


Screen brightness Samsung R519 with kubuntu

The backlight control should work by default when using the open source nouveau driver.
Instead, if you use the closed source nvidia driver, follow these instructions:
Start "NVIDIA X Server Setting" from menu or type in a terminal:

sudo nvidia-settings

Select "X Server Display Configuration" from the left hand menu.
Push button "Save to X Configuration File".
Push button "Show preview...".
Add the line

Option "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"

to Device section. It should look similar like this:

Section "Device"
Identifier     "Device0"
Driver         "nvidia"
VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
BoardName      "GeForce GT 330M"
Option "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"
EndSection

Uncheck "Merge with existing file".

Save the file to /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

Reboot and check if backlight control works.


how to run multiple byobu sessions at once?

It is very easy. (At least on my ubuntu 10.04 machine, where byobu uses screen.);

If you already have one session running, and do not want to reattach but instad create a new one, just type:

byobu -S my-other-session

Where my-other-session is how you are naming the new session.

Later, if you have already more than one byobu sessions running, it is sufficient to type

byobu

And you will be presented with a list of running sessions to choose from:

Byobu sessions...

  1.  17680.my-other-session (03/12/2012 01:33:32 PM) (Detached)
  2.  11890.pts-2.mit        (01/15/2012 09:17:49 AM) (Detached)
  3.  Create a new session

Choose 1-3 [1]:

If typing byobu dos not present a list of running sessions to choose from, try the byobu-select-session command.

The pts-2.mit session was the one I created initially without giving it a name, so the name was chosen by boybu.

If you want to find out which sessions are running, without attaching to any of them, use

byobu -ls

It drops you again at the console where you typed it after showing a list like:

There are screens on:
        17680.my-other-session  (03/12/2012 01:33:31 PM)        (Detached)
        11890.pts-2.mit         (01/15/2012 09:17:48 AM)        (Detached)
2 Sockets in /var/run/screen/S-root.


Make sure that the task bar isn't just hidden.  Hit the meta(windows) key and and see if it brings up the Unity menu.  Alternately, just push your cursor against the left side of the screen.


ssh doesn't understand this address:port syntax.

Use just ssh Username@192.168.2.1 if you use the standard port or
ssh -p 1234 Username@192.168.2.1 if you want to connect to port 1234


This is a problem with your repository, curl is available in Ubuntu main. You need to update your repository. Open terminal and run
nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Update your repository and run
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install curl


If you want to remove the Server permanently you should use this:

sudo apt-get remove vsftpd

If you want to set rights such as read/wright rights you should edit the config file located here:

/etc/vsftpd.conf to edit the vsftpd.conf file use this sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf

UPDATE

Try this:

As Daniel Yuste Aroca mentioned use netstat -lnp --protocol=inet to check what server is still running.

Open /etc/ssh/sshd_config file: nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Then find line that read as follows: Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server

Remove or comment out line by prefixing #:

# Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server

Save and close the file. Restart sshd service:
 # /etc/init.d/sshd restart


Ubuntu GNOME - What happens when I click on a Dash Icon?

Those icons are provided by .desktop files, which also specify which program to run.

You can find .desktop files in $HOME/.local/share/applications/, $HOME/.gnome/apps/ and /usr/share/applications/.

The locate command (man locate) will help you find .desktop files, and, within each .desktop file there a line starting with Exec=. It specifies the program to be run.


Ubuntu chrome font problem with google maps

Maybe it's just a problem related with your current Chrome version. Try completely uninstalling that version of Chrome and installing a previous version.

You can also try updating your graphics drivers, or trying to install that version of Chrome in a Virtual Machine with your same Ubuntu version to see if it works.


How to edit GRUB Default Operating System?

use grub-set-default

$ sudo grub-set-default ENTRY

ENTRY is a number or a menu item title

or edit /boot/grub/grub.cfg

sudo chmod +w /boot/grub/grub.cfg
sudo vi /boot/grub/grub.cfg
   change "0" in line: set default="0" to your choice
sudo chmod -w /boot/grub/grub.cfg


debuild will clean up after itself. As the patches are being handled by quilt , simply run quilt push -a to attempt to apply the patches and see any reject file.


L2TP VPN is not working on Ubuntu 20.04. Same credential is working fine with Ubuntu 18.04

The package network-manager-l2tp is required.
You may have to install it:
sudo apt install network-manager-l2tp

I hope it helps


boot - Ubuntu hangs at purple screen after upgrade to 13.04

You might try this;
Press F1 and get the 'Linux login'
Login under your name
Enter   sudo useradd newuser
Enter   sudo addgrp newuser sudo

Enter   sudo addgroup newuser sudo

Press F7 to get your GUI login and login as the new user

If it works then you can then at least know the upgrade went ok and that perhaps the .config file on your other account is messed up or maybe the .gconf is messed up.
Then you could press  F2, I believe that is the 'Run' command and enter
gksudo nautilus or thunar or ..  depending on which DE you're using.
Navigate to the home directory of the messed up account and rename the .config directory to .cconfig
Then try another login on the account.  Hopefully it works.   If not repeat the above procedure on the .gconf directory.
Hopefully this will give somewhat of a starting point.


You can add the following code to you .bashrc file:

parse_git_branch() {
  git branch 2> /dev/null | sed -e '/^[^*]/d' -e 's/* \(.*\)/(\1)/'
}
PS1="${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$(parse_git_branch) $ "

You can move around these component parts to configure to your tastes, for example to prepend $(parse_git_branch) and not show the user@computer part I used:

PS1="\$(parse_git_branch)${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\w$ "

Which displays:

(master)~/my_projects/project_x$

See also: What is this PS1 variable doing in .bash_profile file?


fern-wifi-cracker "Exec format error" breaks packaging system

Try running:

echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nexit0' | sudo tee /var/lib/dpkg/info/fern-wifi-cracker.prerm

and then remove the package with:

sudo apt-get purge fern-wifi-cracker

The first command will replace the pre-uninstall script with a script that never fails.


Can I remove the first original OS (Windows 10) from Ubuntu 16.10 dual boot?

You can accomplish this process with virtually any live bootable media that includes gparted up to and including your Ubuntu 16.10 Live media that you likely used to install your system. If you still have that handy there is no need to create another bootable media. You can eliminate your Windows partitions from within your Ubuntu installation, but to resize your existing Ubuntu partitions you should boot from live media.


How do I configure the gnome panel from a script?

Although gsettings cannot change schemaless keys in dconf, dconf can. You do not need to write your own program. What you can do to change the number of rows in the workspace switcher is:

install the dconf-tool package
run dconf as

  dconf write /org/gnome/gnome-panel/layout/objects/workspace-switcher/instance-config/num-rows 2

  You can play with lots of other gnome-panel entries with dconf-editor as well.


I overcame a similar problem once by writing a little script that reloads my network card driver module. It prints some driver info for you, and then restarts iwlwifi (probably your wireless driver, but if not you can change that line). It's crude, but has worked for me.

#!/bin/bash

echo 'network drivers:'
sudo lshw -C network

driver=$(sudo lshw -C network \
        | grep 'driver=' \
        | sed -e 's/^.*driver=//' \
        | cut -d' ' -f1)
echo 'apparent driver name: '$driver

echo 'restarting driver iwlwifi'
sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi
sudo modprobe iwlwifi


Problem in selecting win7 while booting and no sound

Use the ALSA sound driver, beware sometimes Linyx & Alsa start up with the sound muted!!
Find the mute checkbox in soundsettings and unclick it, now sound should be playing normally!


Access the Ubuntu bug database using launchladlib

In launchpad there are two different entities:

Bugs: General information related to a problem
Bug task: Project/Distro specific information: status, importance, assigned to, etc.

Note that a bug is a general concept that might contain multiple tasks that are targeted against milestones for projects and distros. Hence, what you can search for a given project are the bug tasks that have been targeted for that project, not the bugs themselves (you can get the bug for each bug task though).

Hence, the way to look for the bug information would be as follows:

ubuntu = launchpad.distributions['ubuntu']
tasks = ubuntu.searchTasks()
task = tasks[0]    # Get one task as an example
task.bug           # Display bug for the given task

For more information, please have a look at the API documentation for the searchTasks method (in particular, the status parameter is quite useful).


I'm not sure I 100% understand your question, but I assume you are asking to have 2 different domains where each one of them uses a different UserDir.

EDIT: You were on the right track. The only thing you had missing, is that you needed to put each of the two UserDir configs in their respective VirtualHost config as seen below.

For that, you need to create two virtual hosts, and each Virtual host would have its own UserDir configurations.

The first virtual host would contain the following:

# /etc/apache2/sites-available/com.sample.www.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www.sample.com

    <IfModule mod_userdir.c>
        UserDir public_html
        UserDir disabled root
        <Directory /home/*/public_html>
            AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit Indexes
            Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec
            <Limit GET POST OPTIONS>
                Require all granted
            </Limit>
            <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS>
                Require all denied
            </LimitExcept>
        </Directory>
    </IfModule>
</VirtualHost>

The second virtual host would contain the following:

# /etc/apache2/sites-available/com.sample.www2.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www2.sample.com
    UserDir public_html2

    <IfModule mod_userdir.c>
        UserDir disabled root
        <Directory /home/*/public_html2>
            AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit Indexes
            Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec
            <Limit GET POST OPTIONS>
                Require all granted
            </Limit>
            <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS>
                Require all denied
            </LimitExcept>
        </Directory>
     </IfModule>
</VirtualHost>

Once that is done, you need to enable the 2 virtual host config files and restart Apache.

$ sude a2dissite 000-default.conf
$ sudo a2ensite com.sample.www.conf
$ sudo a2ensite com.sample.www2.conf
$ sudo apache2ctl restart

Now, when you open www.sample.com/~dan/ it will use /home/dan/public_html/
and when you open www2.sample.com/~dan/ it will use /home/dan/public_html2/


How can I have a screen saver in Ubuntu?

sudo apt-get install xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra

will install xscreensaver and a few cool packages.

If I remember well, using:

xscreensaver-demo

Will activate the daemon, then your screen will lock typing:

xscreensaver

or pressing CTRL+ALT+SUPPR.


How to set vino's password through terminal?

I haven't specifically tried on 18.04, but I have successfully used gsettings to do this in the past:

gsettings set org.gnome.Vino vnc-password $(echo -n 'mypasswd'|base64)

The Arch Wiki for Vino describes some other useful options you can modify using gsettings.  My standard set is:

gsettings set org.gnome.Vino prompt-enabled false
gsettings set org.gnome.Vino authentication-methods "['vnc']"
gsettings set org.gnome.Vino require-encryption false
gsettings set org.gnome.Vino vnc-password $(echo -n 'mypasswd'|base64)
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.sharing active true
eths=$(nmcli -t -f uuid,type c s --active | grep 802 | awk -F  ":" '{ print "'\''" $1 "'\''" }' | paste -s -d, -)
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.sharing.service:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/sharing/vino-server/ enabled-connections "[ $eths ]"

Again, the above is not tested on 18.04, so your mileage may vary.


To clear Ubuntu from your dual-boot hard drive computer, you have to:

Put in your recovery disk or Windows Installation Disk, or make one. You should see this:

Or this:

After you get these menus, click command prompt and type this command in:
bootrec /fixmbr

Now, you can uninstall Ubuntu without GRUB messing with your stuff.

To delete the Ubuntu Partitions:

Go to Start, right click Computer, then select Manage. Then select Disk Management from the sidebar.

The picture above is just an example, but to UN-install Ubuntu, right click the Ubuntu partition on your other hard disk drive and delete it.

WARNING: YOU WILL LOSE ALL DATA ON THAT HARD DISK IF YOU DON'T HAVE SEPARATE PARTITIONS. BE VERY CAUTIOUS ABOUT WHICH ONE YOU'LL DELETE.
You'll be good to go. Glad to help.


No sound from Ardour or Hydrogen using JACK on new install of Ubuntu Studio 20 on 2013 Macbook Pro

The initial settings for JACK on first install of Ubuntu Studio 20 on a 2013 Macbook don't work for the laptop's built-in audio.  A few changes need to be made to the defaults.

Start QjackCtl from the upper-left system menu, under Audio Production -> Audio Utilities.
Hit the "Setup" button on the middle-right.
You may want to use a different Preset Name so you don't lose any settings you currently have.
Set the Interface to hw:PCH,0 (i.e. the CS4208 Analog option).
Click the "Advanced" tab.
To the right of the Channels I/O label, there are two dropdowns.  Set both of these to 2.
Click OK, then either Stop/Start QjackCtl or restart it completely.
Make sure QjackCtl is in the "Started" state.
Start Ardour.  Under the Window -> Audio / MIDI Setup menu, make sure the Audio System indicates it's using JACK.
In Hydrogen, under Options -> Preferences, under the "Audio System" tab, make sure it is either automatically or explicitly using JACK.

You can verify that it works in Ardour by clicking the Metronome button, which is the second from the left (beneath the Session menu), then hitting the play button.  You should hear some sounds.
Other audio programs (e.g. Audacity) might also need to have their preferences set to use JACK while QjackCtl is running.


Dell inspiron N5050 8 beeps because "removed lcd cable"

What you're hearing is the system firmware on the Dell alerting you that there is something wrong with the system - in this case an LCD cable or other connection is missing and that indicates a problem in the system firmware level.

These are called Power On Self Test "Beep Codes" - they are handled at the system BIOS / firmware level, not Ubuntu, and you aren't going to be able to 'disable' those tests or the beeps from within Ubuntu.  You might be able to at the BIOS level but I'd be hesitant to guarantee that.


Ubuntu Software Center unable to launch with 16.04

Have you tried using apt to reinstall it?
sudo apt install --purge --reinstall software-center

(also .04 appears to be date related)


It may actually be working the first time, and is just taking a long time to appear.  Try first opening System Monitor from the dash, and watching what happens when you hit Ctrl - Alt - T.

You can watch for CPU/memory spikes or for the process name (gnome-terminal, bash) to show up in the list.  If that happens right away, then you know it's not a keyboard problem.

You may also be able to use 'xev' to debug whether the keys are being sent correctly.

My guess is that there is something in your .bash startup scripts that is doing a network lookup or something else slow, which is delaying the terminal's appearance.


udev rule does not trigger after pci hotreset via setpci

After adding "options argument" to this line, able to receive udev notification from kernel.
ACTION=="remove|add", ATTRS{class}=="0x010802", RUN+="/bin/sh /bin/pcidev_change.sh", OPTIONS="last_rule"


Why does my custom shortcut reappear unexpectedly?

You can't do it well because your idea is wrong.

You don't have to create a new short-cut or assign it or nothing (even when it could work), you must change your default terminal.

To set x-terminal-emulator as your default terminal, so it will open when you enter Ctrl+Alt+T, you must open the terminal (it sounds recursive) and enter the following command:

gconftool --type string --set /desktop/gnome/applications/terminal/exec x-terminal-emulator

If you have problems trying to delete your custom shortcut, I can tell you that after remove the shortcut you must restart your computer to take effect. But if it doesn't work you should see this question where you will find information related.


The most common cause of this error is simply typing your password wrong. The keymap in the console is often subtly different from the one in X.

Make sure you're typing the correct password by first typing it in the login field where you can see if it's being written as expected.

Another thing that will cause this exact same error message is if your login shell is not listed in /etc/shells. Find which shell you're using by searching for your username in /etc/passwd:

grep "dave" /etc/passwd

(replacing dave with your username) you should see something like this:

dave:x:1000:1000::/home/dave:/bin/zsh

The last field (/bin/zsh) is your shell. Let's search for it in /etc/shells:

grep "/bin/zsh" /etc/shells

We should see something like this:

/bin/zsh
/usr/bin/zsh

But if you don't, that's what the problem is. Try re-installing zsh (or whatever shell is missing from /etc/shells), and if that doesn't work, add it manually:

echo `/bin/zsh` | sudo tee /etc/shells

(we use tee because > redirection doesn't work with sudo)


You can install Nvidia drivers by this terminal command:

sudo apt install nvidia-361

You need to disable Secure Boot in BIOS if you are using UEFI.

It must be some glitch that the driver is not displayed in GUI.


Destroy a juju service and also its associated machine

Currently, the above is the desired behaviour for Juju. the reasoning behind this is that a user may wish to remove a service, but there may still be value in data that is stored on the machine after the service is removed (e.g. log files etc). Additionally, in deployments where several services are deployed to the same machine (e.g. using containers), removing the machine would be... unfortunate. So the best way to overcome this problem is by scripting.

juju status [service_name]

will return the status for a single service, so you could use this as a basis for a short script.


How to update Windows Phone from Ubuntu?

Have you tried throught VirtualBOX (with USB support) on a legacy virtual Windows installation?

Other solution, is to use a BartPE or Hiren's Boot CD with a "live" Windows environment... This can work if no other solution helps you!


"XXX is hashed" meaning from type command?

From https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/105878 by user frostschutz on Unix Stackexchange:

It's a performance thing; instead of searching the whole path for the binary every time it is called, it's put into a hash table for quicker lookup. So any binary that's already in this hash table, is hashed. If you move binaries around when they're already hashed, it will still try to call them in their old location.
See also help hash, or man bash and search for hash under builtin commands there.


The easiest way, in my opinion, is to install thunderbird and then the add ons lightning and provider for google calendar (then adding your google calendar can be done with a few clicks. You can possibly use evolution or other software but I always prefer thunderbird.
You can also install the thunderbird add on gContactSync in order to have google contacts offline too.


OK. It seems that your wifi is configured but is at sleep. This is because your wireless card is switched off externally.

You need to type some commands in terminal. If you have installed GUI, then open the terminal by pressing ctrl+alt+T and follow the steps below. And if not, skip this terminal process and type directly.

In all the steps, skip "{ }" these braces and replace it with the parameter specified inside it.

Steps:-

Restart your system.
Login as your personal or root account.
Without typing any command press the WIFI button on your keyboard.
After you press the button, type ifconfig {interface_name} up.

Note: The "interface_name" in above command have to be replaced with the name of wireless card which your system has. To get the name of the interface type iwconfig and hit enter. In my case the name of the interface is "wlo1". It will be something similar like that.

In some cases, still the wifi will be off. In that case press the wifi button on keyboard again.

Your Wifi will be in active state.

To connect to your WIFI network, follow these steps:

Type ifconfig {interface_name} and press Enter.
Type iwconfig {interface_name} essid {name_of_the_WIFI_network} key {password_of_WIFI} and press Enter. If your wireless network does not require a security key, skip the key. If you see an error with respect to the key, then remove the password of your WIFI and skip the key.


strangely enough this seems to have fixed it for me:

echo on > /sys/bus/usb/devices/1-1.2/power/control

replace above with the correct USB device ID as necessary. You should be able to find the correct ID like this:

for p in /sys/bus/usb/devices/*/product; do echo -n "$p : "; cat $p; done


phpmyadmin not working chrome show error 500 firefox shows nothing

It looks like the Random.php from the phpseclib has changed. I did a fast fix with changing:

$_SESSION[' PMA_token '] = bin2hex(phpseclib\Crypt\Random::string(16));

on line 116 and 135 with

$_SESSION[' PMA_token '] = bin2hex(crypt_random_string(16));

in the file /usr/share/phpmyadmin/libraries/session.inc.php

This should fix it for now until the phpmyadmin devs come with a solution.

Edit 30-01-2016: The PMA devs fixed this. No need for changing the file manually.


Why is 'libgnomevfs' files under /usr/include/gnome-vfs-2.0?

The package is installed in /usr/include/gnome-vfs-2.0 so that it can coexist with other versions of gnome-vfs (e.g. imagine also having /usr/include/gnome-vfs-1.0 available). When a package needs to build against a version of gnome-vfs, it should query pkg-config to find the installation location. (This is normally done during configure for the to-be-compiled software.) For example:

pkg-config --cflags gnome-vfs-2.0
-pthread -DORBIT2=1 -I/usr/include/gnome-vfs-2.0 -I/usr/lib/gnome-vfs-2.0/include -I/usr/include/gconf/2 -I/usr/include/orbit-2.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include

Note the use of all the -I flags, including -I/usr/include/gnome-vfs-2.0. The output of the pkg-config --cflags call would normally be added to the CFLAGS environment variable of the build. Given the -I part, the compiler will be able to find the full path to the headers, since it will start looking in /usr/include/gnome-vfs-2.0 and then tack on the header path libgnomevfs/gnome-vfs-acl.h, which will resolve the correct full file path: /usr/include/gnome-vfs-2.0/libgnomevfs/gnome-vfs-acl.h.

So, if the software does not already use pkg-config, you can try to pass the variables (cflags and libs) into the configure call:

CFLAGS=`pkg-config --cflags gnome-vfs-2.0` LDFLAGS=`pkg-config --libs gnome-vfs-2.0` ./configure


./configure: No such file or directory while installing tar.gz

Use the below two options for installing pycharm in Ubuntu:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mystic-mirage/pycharm
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pycharm

Follow the steps mentioned in this link


How do I remove or inactivate certain options from the Lubuntu logout screen?

As far I as know you cannot remove/change them (unless you edit the source code and recompile).

To disable suspend / hibernate, you can edit /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.upower.policy.

After this the suspend / hibernate are still in the Lubuntu logout window, but if you click them they do nothing (other than lock you out and you need to re-enter the password).

The content that need to be edited is between <default> and </default> for both suspend and hibernate: change (a) <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive> to <allow_inactive>yes</allow_inactive> and (b) <allow_active>yes</allow_active> to <allow_active>no</allow_active>.

It should be noted that these changes could be nullified by subsequent updates. A way to work around that is to set up a policy as described by the answers here.


I was following a blog post to install postgresql and start getting this error while updating my OS

That is not an error, but a Notice (N:).

Filename extension should be .list instead of .listsudo. Probably you made a copy-paste mistake.

Fix:

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.listsudo /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list

--

That said, unless you explicitly need a newer version, you should probably install the postgresql package that is provided by Ubuntu instead of using third-party repositories.


How to print awk's results with different colors for different fields?

You can use ANSI color sequences inside an awk printf command as follows:
awk 'BEGIN{printf "\x1b[32m%s\x1b[0m\n", "Succeeded"}'

awk 'BEGIN{printf "\x1b[31m%s\x1b[0m\n", "Failed"}'

ex:

To apply it in your case, modify the END block to:
  END {
    if (stat[1]=="3" && stat[2]=="3") {
      printf "\x1b[32mCluster established. Starting session manager\x1b[0m\n" }
    else {
      printf "\x1b[31mFailed\x1b[0m\n"
    }
  }


Don't mess with, remove or replace the preinstalled Python interpreters!
The easiest option for Ubuntu LTS releases is to add the deadsnakes PPA which provides the latest of each minor Python version (3.6.x, 3.7.x, 3.8.x, ...) as regular packages, so it integrates well with your system. Once installed, you can call those versions with the python3.6 etc. command instead of plain python3.
Alternatively, you can use e.g. pyenv to manage multiple independent interpreter versions for your development projects. Find it here, or use the simple installer. This gives you more flexibility and control, but is also a bit more effort and complex IMO.
Yet another possibility would be to use a containerization technology such as Docker to have always the same, reproducible and isolated build and run environments for your development.
Besides though, most not too special Python 3 code is compatible with newer interpreters, unless you use specifically deprecated methods and features. It's always good to keep testing your projects against newer releases and adapt/fix them as needed to keep them alive.