Logging off users with a countdown message

I would advice against these kind of actions: you will piss of the users of the system. It is better to do anything you want to do that requires users to be logged off after "business hours".
If you want to log a user out you can use
sudo pkill -9 -u {user}

but this will destroy anything that was not saved.
On a server there are 2 commands you can use to send messages wall and write:
$ wall "System will go down in 5 minutes. Please log off."

will send a message to ALL users or ...
$ write root tty7
System will go down in 5 minutes. Please log off.
<control>d>

will send a message to user root on tty7.  Sending a message though does not mean they read it, or act upon it. You can not force a save on anything that is not saved yet.
To be complete: you can also use command line to send a message to a desktop.
DISPLAY=:0.0 notify-send "System will go down in 5 minutes. Please log off."


When I give my VM/VPS more diskspace, how can I make it available to the filesystem w/o rebooting?

Have you tried using gparted to change the partition size from inside the VM? You should be able to expand your root partition (mounted at '/') while running. See here for more info on expanding a partition while running.


No sound after kernel update / ubuntu 14.04 x64

In pavucontrol , "setting" tab, test various  profile , as "surround" mode is enabled (as shown in the alsa-info) .
If no success, test directly alsa audio layer  running in a terminal  speaker-test -c 2 -D plughw:0,0 or  speaker-test -c 2 -D plughw:0,1
if your hear noise, it means that pulseaudio is the problem, in which case a further test would be to disable it , running  this 3 commands:
mkdir ~/.pulse
echo autospawn=no > ~/.pulse/client.conf
pulseaudio -k
then retest using a normal audio player .


I think I found out what's wrong.  It's part of the image I downloaded specifically for this product.  Until they patch it there's nothing I can do.  I took another Hard Drive and put their Lubuntu image on there and it still did the same thing.


How to upgrade from 32bit Wubi to 64bit Wubi?

AFAIK you cannot change architecture 32 to 64 without a clean install. Upgrading 32 bit stable you just need to usual update. Nothing special is needed.


System completely hangs sometimes on an Asus X54H

Is there a reason you are using 11.04? With the new release of 12.04 out, perhaps it's worth trying a more up to date version.


This is a bug in the package lsdvd included in Ubuntu. The bug is fixed in Debian (where the package originated), but did not make its way to Ubuntu yet. Replace the lsdvd package with the highest numbered version of the amd64 package at: http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/l/lsdvd/. As of March 2015, this was "lsdvd_0.17-1_amd64.deb".


Gparted indicates that your ext4 partition is mounted. You cannot move it, when it is mounted.

You should boot the computer from another drive, for example an Ubuntu install drive (USB or DVD or memory card), and check that your ext4 partition is unmounted. Then Gparted will allow you to edit it (move and or resize). You can unmount the partition with the umountcommand before starting Gparted but also within Gparted.

In a similar way the swap partition can be released with the swapoff command to make it possible to edit (move and or resize). It can be swapped off within Gparted too.

The key icons in Gparted indicate that the partitions are locked.


Did you try the dconf-editor option setting described here ?

In your case you would leave the sources as is.
And change xkb-options to:

['ctrl:swapcaps']

[Should be a comment -- dont have 'reputation' for that :-) ]


"Super" key shortcut to Activities with second keyboard layout

It seems to be a gnome bug affecting multiple distros. Here, for example, a bug report for fedora:

 Can't activate "Activites overview" with secundary keyboard layout

And the thread in gitlab

super no longer opens overview (with dvorak keyboard layout)

This all happens under X11. Temporary solution is to change to Wayland if possible.


how to change the displayed name of Wired ethernet in nm-applet

In terminal...

cd /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections # change directory

grep -i Realtek * # find a text string

Note the filename that grep finds.

If the name is real long, rename the file...

sudo mv current_file_name new_file_name # rename the file, if required

Then edit the file and change the id= line to the name that you'd like...

id=Wired Connection

Reboot the system and check the network menu.


rEFIt is no longer being developed. Try installing my rEFInd instead; it's based on rEFIt, but is under active development. Install it in OS X, and either use the --alldrivers option to install.sh or manually install the EFI filesystem driver for whatever filesystem you use for Ubuntu (ext4fs by default). (Manually installing a filesystem driver involves copying one file; see the drivers documentation for details.) If all goes well, you should be able to boot Ubuntu from rEFInd, although you may end up with extra boot options you'll want to delete from the menu.

Windows is another matter. I'd be shocked if it can boot as it is now. To get it booting, you'll need to either replace your hybrid MBR with a conventional protective MBR and do an EFI-mode installation of Windows, or edit your hybrid MBR so that it includes your Windows partition (#5). The first is a cleaner solution, but isn't guaranteed to work. The second solution is more conventional (on a Mac), but it perpetuates the use of a hybrid MBR, which is an ugly and dangerous hack.


To get straight to the point, you have nothing to worry about. First of all, Ubuntu is not actually activating your webcam. Think of this light coming on as Ubuntu testing 2 things:

If your webcam is still connected to your motherboard, hardware wise, so it can tell whether or not to activate drivers or not
If your LED is working

Although it is utilizing the webcam and the LED light, you have no reason  to worry about photos or videos being taken, so long as you stay safe on your computer.


How can I disable the low battery alarm?

If you have already disabled the setting in BIOS and the deactivation of the modules does not help, as described below,  then you probably have a bug in the BIOS.

Disable the internal speaker:

sudo modprobe -r pcspkr snd_pcsp

For a permanent solution, edit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

and add/change

# low-quality, just noise when being used for sound playback, causes
# hangs at desktop session start (Ubuntu: #246969)
blacklist snd_pcsp

# ugly and loud noise, getting on everyone's nerves; this should be done by a
# nice pulseaudio bing (Ubuntu: #77010)
blacklist pcspkr


Use the newest NVIDIA drivers and nvidia-prime from Ubuntu repositories.

Bumblebee was replaced by nvidia-prime to switch between the graphics.

1. Remove all NVIDIA related software you have installed.

Open a terminal and execute:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia* bumblebee
sudo reboot

2. Install the NVIDIA drivers 352 and Optimus support.

Open a terminal and execute:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot

3. Switch between Intel and NVIDIA graphics.

Open NVIDIA X Server Settings → PRIME Profiles.


Create a USB Installer using LinuxLive USB Creator. Then, boot from the USB and install Ubuntu in another hard drive, or alongside Windows 8. To install it alongside Windows 8, use GParted, which can be found by clicking Dash which is in the top left and searching for the program. You must partition your drive and use the free space that you have created to install Ubuntu on.

http://www.linuxliveusb.com/

I also found a link that may help you:

http://www.linuxbsdos.com/2012/11/05/dual-boot-windows-8-and-ubuntu-12-10-on-uefi-hardware/


In Linux everything is a file
(That does not mean you can back them up)
Technically everything is not files (I am no expert). However, some folders are special in the sense that they are not real folders. /proc is just one of them. It is a virtual file system that contains runtime file information. In other words, its contents keep changing as the system runs. You should not try to back it up.
Other such folders are /sys, /mnt, /media, /run and /dev . /sys like /proc is another virtual filesystem that provide windows into variables of the running kernel, so you do not want to try and backup or restore them. /dev is a tmpfs whose contents are created and deleted dynamically by udev, so you also do not want to backup or restore it. Likewise, /run is a tmpfs that holds variables about the running system that do not need backed up. This paragraph is adapted from Backup Your System/TAR.
In general copying / is not a good idea. Note, /backups/system/$date is also a part of /. So you may end up baking up the backup till kingdom come, or you run out of disk space.
Hope This helps


network-manager not working in ubuntu 14.04

Try running this in the terminal:

sudo service network-manager restart


Steam is now released for Ubuntu and there's no need to run Wine or any other thing to get it to work.

Run

sudo apt-get install steam

Or Install it with this button:

This offers the easiest method for installing Steam. After clicking the orange button you may not have Ubuntu Software Centre configured to install .apk's. To get Ubuntu Software Centre to show Steam from this link browse to software-centre which is located at /usr/bin/software-centre when prompted after clicking on the orange button.

When installing the "buy" button is not asking for payment to be able to install the Steam for Linux client as it is only indicating you need to buy games in order to use the client for playing games or using apps once the client is installed.

Which means if you have already Steam Play or Linux games in your Steam library there is no cost at all in order to be able to use the Steam for Linux client to play games as it possible to sign in to Linux client with the same account details as with Windows client; just not both at same time.

Also consider upgrading you video drivers as shown in this article step-by-step, doing so will allow you to get the best performance on your graphics card. The article covers the drivers installation for the NVIDIA, AMD/ATI and Intel graphics cards.

Steam Client now available in Ubuntu Software Center
store.steampowered.com: browse Linux games


You have to edit the file /etc/fstab in order to have them mounted at boot

first do ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ in order to get the uuid associated with the various raid devices. You can also use the command blkid to accomplish the same goal.

add the entries into /etc/fstab using whichever text editor you'd like. The format is

<file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>

so it will look like

UUID=(Put uuid here)  /target-directory              filesystem  defaults    0 0

I have a raid 5 device mounted to a directory at /mnt/raid5 with an xfs filesystem so my /etc/fstab file has this entry

UUID=d1bcc3e6-a211-409c-b6b7-e86652c5fb54 /mnt/raid5  xfs      defaults    0 0

replace "target-directory" with the actual directory you are targeting and the filesystem with whatever kind of filesystem you have on those raid devices (ext4, xfs, etc....).


Upgrading from 10.10 to 11.04, how much space is needed?

Would I have enough space to upgrade to 11.04 from 10.10

That depends on how much space you've used. This page on Ubuntu wiki (last update 2009) says bare minimum is 1.8 GB. However, most of that is not new, so an upgrade will probably not require a lot of additional space.

  How can I use that space?

If you mount your SD as a system file directory, you can have system files on your SD. However if you remove your SD card, your system may stop working!

To move a system directory to your SD card, see this question. You can follow a similar process to move your home directory to your SD card.

To move your whole Ubuntu install to your SD card, see this question.

If you're not using Update Manager, see this question on setting mount points in the live-cd installer.

Keep in mind that your SSD drive and your SD card will have different performance characteristics. I'd suggest you ask a new question about how to layout your Ubuntu install with a small SSD and SD card.


There is a nice tutorial for 3D acceleration in virtualbox here.


Install Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS without losing Windows 7 bootloader

On installation, choose the Soomething else option to open the advanced partitioning tool.

Make a separate partition for /boot (500 MB in size is enough):

and another one for root:

You can make a separate partition for /home for your data and settings and also one for swap if you want to use hibernation on Ubuntu.

Before continuing to install, you must choose the boot partition as the bootloader. On the screenshot below it's on /dev/sda5.

After the installation got completed you won't see Ubuntu on the Windows bootloader and your Winodws will boot as usual. Then, you can use EasyBCD grub editor on Windows to add Ubuntu to its bootloader.

Read more detailed procedure on how to dual-boot Ubuntu and Windows.


When using wget, the -O option specifies where to download the file to, not the folder. For example, this won't work:

wget -O /path/to/folder http://example.com/

But this will:

wget -O /path/to/folder/filename http://example.com/

Note that I added filename to the end of the path telling it what the file should be called. If you want to download to a specific folder, but use the default file name, pass the -P option.

wget -P /path/to/folder http://example.com/

This will save a file in /path/to/folder with the default name, with the above example, it would be index.html.


Get kubuntu, Mythbuntu,Edubuntu,Xubuntu etc in Ubuntu

Assuming you have installed Ubuntu, in a terminal, do

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop xubuntu-desktop mythbuntu-desktop edubuntu-desktop lubuntu-desktop

(or install these packages using Software Centre or Synaptic.)

Log out. At the login screen you should be able to choose the desktop environment of your choice. I'm not sure if each of the above corresponds to a different one, though.


Lenovo - Conservative Mode (Ideapad 520)

i think its too late for you, but for others:
it works for me on my Lenovo IdeaPad C340-14IWL
use this command to turn it on:
echo  -n  "1" | sudo tee /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ideapad_acpi/VPC2004:00/conservation_mode > /dev/null

to turn off use same command but replace "1" to "0":
echo  -n  "0" | sudo tee /sys/bus/platform/drivers/ideapad_acpi/VPC2004:00/conservation_mode > /dev/null

or manually edit file .../conservation_mode
in this folder (...VPC2004:00/) i found "F toggle" file contains "0" or "1". changing it same above command can toggle function F keys (F1-F12).


is there a way to get Flash 11 on ubuntu 13.04?

You can install google chrome from there website. Be sure to select the .deb version. It comes with pepperflash pre-installed which is flash version 11.


What is going on during 'juju bootstrap' command?

The first thing that bootstrap does is to provision a machine through the cloud provider that matches the constraints you specified.

When the machine has booted, the client connects to the machine through SSH to run the provisioning script. This installs some packages, downloads and unpacks the 'tools', executes the jujud command with the bootstrap arg which initializes the mongo database. It installs the machine agent, and waits for it to start up.

By default, the same version as the client is attempted. The 'tools' are downloaded from streams.canonical.com, which has signed tools files for Juju.

I believe it is possible to specify a different version to be installed.

juju help bootstrap

Shows the following:

options:
--agent-version (= "")
    the version of tools to initially use for Juju agents

So you should be able to do the following:

juju bootstrap --agent-version=1.22.6

The tools are downloaded by default from streams.canonical.com the same way whether you are using Ubuntu or Windows.


How to make icon appear in desktop entry?

I still don't know why the icon doesn't appear in the icons list, however I've found a solution: I changed it thanks to MenuLibre, which allows (among other things) to change the desktop entry icon by selecting a specific file.


Ubuntu 14.04, Folder 'Places' pointing to extended partition

The computer was booting from Biolinux 8 so I changed the boot order like so:

Boot machine, check for order of OS in menu (first line takes
place 0, second line takes place 1, etc.)
Choose to boot in the default OS (in my case it was biolinux 8)
In terminal: gksu gedit /etc/default/grub (enter admin password)
If you dont have gksu sudo apt-get install gksu
Change # of partition of desired OS in GRUB_DEFAULT=0 (e.g., GRUB_DEFAULT=2)
Save and close
In Terminal: sudo update-grub
Restart


How to partition my Hard Disk to facilitate installation?

Open Up G-Parted after booting.

Edit the partition as required...

Create ur 20 Gb for /
5 gb for swap
Create ur Home Partition for wat ever size u want

apply

there you are done

start installtion mount the appropriate points and install...

TIPS:

since you are new and as far as i know may be trying it out ignore the creation of a dedicated home mount let it be in root folder, cause trust me its very smooth and most command that you'll find over the course of getting familiar may say like

sudo sh /home/<username>/Download/script.sh

so it might be easier for you but if u think u gonna be messing a lot and would like to keep individual app settings then do create a partition it will save a lot of time

If u are doubtfull of partitioning in linux , partition ur drive in Windows itself, I would recommend Easeus Partition Magic from Here
and den boot into ubuntu
no need to format just create partition and leave

Also label your drive in Windows like Win7, Multimedia, Movies etc what ever u think so while formatting the drive name shows up and u dont make a mistake, it will also helo as mount points after installation will be named after the drive label and easy for you to find ur files.
Also you might wanna use Unetbootin Tool to make a bootable USB drive for ubuntu installation and den boot off the USB [create atlest 512 mb of presistence]

Speeds up the process as CD/DVD read speeds on laptop are very slow and often due to this makes the LIVE System unresponsive.


How do I re-install Windows 7 after doing a full install of Ubuntu 12.04?

Usually when you install Ubuntu it installs itself over a 'boot loader' like Grub

With boot loader, you can get back to windows by selecting right option at startup(boot).

If in your case you don't have any boot loader installed and you had reformatted the windows partition, you have to install 'Windows 7' from starting.

To create a bootable USB in Ubuntu, see this article: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick


Slash ("/") in Thinkpad T420 ABNT keyboard

You can change the system-wide keyboard configuration (including TTY), by running:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

as described in this SO answer.

To choose the thinkpadz60 layout shown in @brandizzi's answer, select the "IBM ThinkPad Z60m/Z60t/Z61m/Z61t" layout in the list. It should be above the "Generic PC" layout:

EDIT: Also works on Debian


Trying to Dual Boot Windows 10 with Ubuntu 16

It says no boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. That's an extremely important "if" clause, because there are two ways most modern computers can boot:

BIOS/CSM/legacy mode -- This method places the boot loader in the MBR of a hard disk (typically /dev/sda, from Linux's perspective). This is the old method of booting and is not used on most new computers as they ship from the factory. Most new computers still support this boot mode, but installing Ubuntu in this way is ill-advised if you intend to dual-boot with a pre-installed OS such as Windows.
EFI/UEFI mode -- This is the native boot mode of most modern computers. In EFI-mode booting, the boot loader is stored as an ordinary file (or files) on the EFI System Partition, which is a FAT partition on the hard disk. Your Boot Repair output indicates that Ubuntu's default boot loader (GRUB) is installed on your ESP (/dev/sda1 in your case), along with Windows' boot loader.

A quick look at your Boot Repair output reveals no obvious problems; it looks like your computer should be booting to GRUB, and from there to Ubuntu. OTOH, the fact that you got an error message about boot loader installation suggests that something went wrong that the installer detected, so I may be missing something, or there could be a real problem that's not showing up in the Boot Repair output. It could also be that the error message at installation is a red herring. (It's known to be overly sensitive sometimes.)

Since Boot Repair has failed, I recommend you try this as an alternative:

Download the USB flash drive or CD-R version of my rEFInd boot manager. (That page provides links to both types of images.)
Prepare a boot medium from the rEFInd image you download.
Boot with the rEFInd image. With any luck, it will show you options for booting to both Windows and Ubuntu.
Test both boot paths.
If you can boot both Ubuntu and Windows with rEFInd, boot to Ubuntu.
In Ubuntu, install rEFInd using either the Debian package or the PPA.
Unplug the rEFInd USB drive or CD-R and reboot.

With any luck, rEFInd will come up and enable you to boot. If rEFInd does not appear at this point, then that means there's something wrong with your firmware, or perhaps your firmware's boot options are corrupted. Dell normally does a decent job with its EFIs, so my guess would be damaged settings. Going into the firmware and resetting everything to the default may help overcome this problem. At this point, booting to Ubuntu and typing sudo refind-install or re-running Boot Repair may get you going again.


How can I install Ubuntu 13.10 on a Samsung ATIV Book 9 Lite? (screen turns off)

Make a bootdisk with boot-repair.

Boot up from disk and run tool. Violá! ;)


International accents out of dead keys in Lubuntu

http://po-ru.com/diary/lubuntu-1210-problems-and-solutions/

solved the problem in my case.


I was installing ubuntu 16.04 from a bootable usb alongside Windows 10 and everything went well except that I forgot to remove my usb when restarting

Unplug the USB installer before rebooting. Instead of booting to the new install, you are booting to the Live USB each time you reboot.
Physically unplugging your USB device while the device is powered off should do the trick.


Boot problem after installing Ubuntu 13.10 Operating System Not Found VAIO

You could try Boot Repair. It should repair your Ubuntu installation.

For instructions on downloading and using it, please refer to this excellent guide.


How I can limit Download/Upload bandwidth?

Although this is an old question, I came across this when looking for an answer to the same question. The OS and interface limits are already addressed in an earlier answer, so here is a way to set up application specific limits. Use an application called trickle. So do sudo apt-get install trickle. You can limit upload/download for a specific app by running

trickle -u (upload limit in KB/s) -d (download limit in KB/s) application

This will launch the application with the specified limits. You can also specify "smoothing" time, so that trickle samples over the desired time period in case your application has bursts of bandwidth consumption and you'd like the bursts to be allowed so long as the average is within your specifications.


Upstart daemon works with three daemon mode: no expect, expect fork, expect daemon, 6.13.5   Implications of Misspecifying expect

As you can see at there, you need to check the process fork count.

If you insert expect fork, the "exec /home/ec2-user/poxa/rel/poxa/bin/poxa start" process needs to fork once and exit. Also it needs to fork twice and exit for expect daemon. The upstart will trace that last child pid.

To run the daemon correctly with the upstart script, you need to check the fork of poxa process.

Following is my example for upstart and simple daemon.

upstart script in /etc/init

# egservice - eg daemon
#
# This is an example
# upstart script.

description    "egservice"

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]
#LOOK Following line, So egdaemon needs to fork just once.
expect fork
respawn

exec /sbin/egdaemon

egdaemon.c for /sbin/egdaemon

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    /* LOOK following line, just once fork and main does not wait child and die,
    so new child will be changed to a init's child and also a daemon. */
    int pid = fork();
    if (pid == 0) {
        while (1) {
            printf("Example daemon\n");
            sleep(1);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

And this C source file can be compiled to a executable binary with following command.

$ gcc -o egdaemon egdaemon.c


ubuntu 13.04 unable to locate package ubuntu after installing ubuntu sdk

I think you mean that you're trying to install the Ubuntu SDK, but you're not able to.
The correct name of the Ubuntu SDK package is ubuntu-sdk. So, to install the Ubuntu SDK package, the correct command is this:
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-sdk

Explanation of the error you got:
What you probably did in the terminal is this:
sudo apt-get install ubuntu sdk

This means: install a package called ubuntu and a package called sdk. You put a space between the names, this indicates that you want to install two packages called ubuntu and sdk, but since there are no packages called that, you got the error unable to locate <package>.
You can search for the package names before you try to install. For example, you can use this command: apt-cache search ubuntu sdk, here's the output:
alaa@aa-lu:~$ apt-cache search ubuntu sdk
ubuntu-sdk - Ubuntu SDK
alaa@aa-lu:~$

This indicates that the package name is ubuntu-sdk, and that's what you use when you try to install.


trouble getting into trusty environment after install

You probably haven't installed any desktop environment for Ubuntu, so when you start Crouton it starts only the X.Org X Window System instead of the Xfce desktop environment. When you installed Crouton, the correct command to use to install both X.Org, which you need, and the Xfce desktop environment is:

sudo sh ~/Downloads/crouton -r trusty -t xiwi,xfce

The -e option If not interactive, exit immediately if any untested command fails. that you used before is optional in the above command.

The command to get into your desktop environment after it has been installed is:

sudo startxfce4


Any reason to have a strong user password?

The reason to have a password is the reason to have a strong or even a very strong password, one of the reasons being to protect you from unauthorized access.

If you are certain that your PC is absolutely safe that it doesn't need a password, you may want to have a look at these questions:

How to run an application using sudo without a password
How do I prevent policykit from asking for a password
How to change/disable password complexity test when changing password?


My answer doesn't directly relate to the error but to how to get sharing working. I had run up against the error BTW during this and so it does fix it in the end. Just not clearly so...

For Ubuntu 14.04 samba server and Ubuntu client it is possible to get it working. The method I wanted doesn't need a login...

My notes on this are a bit of a mess because of the sheer amount of configuration tests and trials that were made, No idea if some of it or all of it is required at this time and have steps for adding username and password as well. It was all a fail until the last line where I found smb:// was the only way it worked. Plus, no want to narrow it down:

You should try the last line first or use that through the process till it works. Simply going to browse network just doesn't ever seem to work otherwise as it puts up a login window that doesn't seem to allow access.

get latest samba (4.1.11) currently not found in ubuntu packages (may be necessary):

samba -V
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:martinx/ig
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade samba
samba -V

Ubuntu Applications "Personal file sharing":
check "Share public files on network"
Require password "always"
Password "thesamepassword" used for user below

get the samba gui: ????? Might be needed to configure via here. Really don't know if it made a difference. I used a reboot to get it to show up in ubuntu applications:

sudo apt-get install samba libpam-smbpass samba-dsdb-modules samba-vfs-modules python-samba samba-common-bin samba-common samba-libs nautilus-share libgnomevfs2-extra

samba gui:

Preferences -> Server settings -> security tab:
Auth mode: User, Encrypt passwords: yes, Guest: nobody
Preferences -> samba users:
Same user as added below. Might to delete user below by changing -a to -x if added prior to.

If you have a permission error, this should fix it - though not the most secure way to do so and personally I do not care about this on my pc:

sudo chmod 777 -R /var/log/samba/* Needed????? No reason unless you need to.

have this installed if its not already:

sudo apt-get install libpam-smbpass

create samba user and password (I used my linux account user and password):

sudo smbpasswd -a user_to_add

sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

(starting with a fresh default smb.conf file and make the following changes (copy /usr/share/samba/smb.conf to /etc/samba/ if needed) (semicolon lines are ignored BTW):

[global]
force user = user_to_add #<---------------- ********** CHANGE **********

###authentication###
; passdb backend = tdbsam

###misc###
usershare allow guests = yes
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
security = user
; encrypt passwords = yes
; guest account = user_to_add

[home]
; comment = Home Directories
; browseable = yes
read only = no
create mask = 0755
; directory mask = 0755
guest ok = yes

Almost there:

sudo samba restart
sudo restart smbd && sudo restart nmbd
or restart pc?

Go to a folder in home dir
right click -> local net share
Check "share this folder"
Check "Allow others to create..."
Check "Guest access"
Click create share

LAST LINE: Important.

browser or file explorer -> connect to server then:
smb://IP address of pc with samba server. (smb://192.168.1.99)

You can then bookmark it as well. Right click on it under network on the left of file explorer and bookmark.

There could be another way and the mess could be narrowed down, but after many hours this was the first time it worked and hopefully will not need to touch it till next LTS or so - if ever.

This is also usable on android without login.

On windows need to go to network explorer and type into the location field \\IP address of pc with samba server (\\192.168.1.99) and no login is needed.

Have fun :-D

Update: I had to do it again and this time doing it with 16.04 daily build

For 16.04 pre-release its mostly the same with a few slight differences...

sudo systemctl restart smbd.service && sudo systemctl restart nmbd.service

"Personal File Sharing" in Ubuntu applications isn't needed and isn't working properly.

Samba is at the latest release and doesn't need the ppa (at the moment I type this) BUT, make sure to install samba through whatever means necessary.

Samba gui isn't needed and thus probably not needed 14.04 either

I followed what's left above and the shared folder is showing up and browsable, write, and readable in Linux 14.04 (connection: anonymous) and Windows 10.

Windows 10: File explorer -> right click 'network' -> map network drive -> \IPaddress\shared folder name (or \IPaddress then click browse - but it looks like only one share folder per drive letter)

If using Windows 10 network backup and restore it requires a username and pass, just enter the samba ones and its ok (probably can be anything though) MAKE BACKUPS PEOPLE! :-)


No CentOS in maas 2.2 or 2.3 image selection

I manually downloaded centos7 from  here and was able to create boot resource from that image.

maas $yourProfile boot-resources create name=centos/centos7 architecture=amd64/generic content@=downloaded-image-file


Is global vim style control everywhere possible in linux?

If you're using firefox, a great extension that allows this is Textern.
(I'm composing this answer from vim using the extension right now!)
There is also something similar for Neovim called firenvim (that I've
never tried)
For other alternatives, see the answer by @josch to a similar question.
For other programs (pdf viewers, music players etc.) that offer vi-like key
bindings, you might find this site helpful.


How to restore a process after logging out of ssh connection?

You can use screen or tmux to do this.  screen is used more and installed by default, so if you are new to this it's probably best to start with that.  Also recommended when you use screen is Byobu (screencast video here), which is a wrapper around screen that makes it easier to use and adds lots of useful extensions to screen (and in the future it will also support tmux).


Ubuntu Scope with Framework 14.10 - Intltool

It says that "FindIntltool.cmake" is not provided.

This file is distributed in the cmake-extras package.

Install it in the chroot (kit) that is used to build the project.


This is a know (annoying) bug. Delete /home/kknd/.config/QtProject/QtCreator.ini and disable the welcome plugin in QtCreator -> About -> Plugins, and it should work.

You can also try QtCreator 2.8.1, download the package here.


Minimum requirements to get xawtv to work?

Lubuntu 16.04 LTS was the last Ubuntu flavor to not include Pulse Audio by default. Please note Lubuntu 16.04 LTS is EOL; whilst the Ubuntu 16.04 LTS base is still supported the GUI & packages reached the end of their three years of supported life earlier this year.

I recall this as when Firefox 52 came out, it was without audio on Lubuntu 16.04 LTS but fine on other 16.04 flavors.  Firefox put it's audio out thru PulseAudio unless a --disable-pulseaudio --enable-alsa option was used at compile time necessary only for the Lubuntu 16.04 LTS flavor.


Installing Java 8 and Setting environment variables

Actually all these PPAs are from third parties. Oracle does not provide any PPA, and the manual way of installing Oracle JDK 8 is explained in step by step manner in this article :
Install Latest Oracle JDK in Ubuntu

Step 1:
Download the latest JDK(jdk-Xuxx-linux-xXX.tar.gz) from this official link.

Step 2:
Open the terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and enter the following command.

sudo mkdir /usr/lib/jvm

Step 3:
Enter the following command to change the directory.

cd /usr/lib/jvm

Step 4:
Extract the jdk-Xuxx-linux-xXX.tar.gz file in that directory using this command.

sudo tar -xvzf ~/Downloads/jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz

Step 5:
Enter the following command to open the environment variables file.

sudo -H gedit /etc/environment

Step 6:
In the opened file, add the following bin folders to the existing PATH variable.

/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45/bin
/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45/db/bin
/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45/jre/bin

The PATH variables have to be separated by colon.
Notice that the installed JDK version is 1.8 update 45. Depending on your JDK version, the paths can be different.
Add the following environment variables at the end of the file.

J2SDKDIR="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45"
J2REDIR="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45/jre"
JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45"
DERBY_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45/db"

The environment file before the modification:

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"

The environment file after the modification:

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45/db/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45/jre/bin"
J2SDKDIR="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45"
J2REDIR="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45/jre"
JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45"
DERBY_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45/db"


There are several tools offered for Ubuntu.

If you want to use a DVD follow these instructions.

I usually prefer to use a Flash drive:

Startup Disk Creator - already built-in and comes with Ubuntu.
WinUSB:

64-Bit:
wget https://launchpad.net/~colingille/+archive/freshlight/+files/winusb_1.0.11+saucy1_amd64.deb

32-Bit:
wget https://launchpad.net/~colingille/+archive/freshlight/+files/winusb_1.0.11+saucy1_i386.deb

To install run sudo dpkg -i winusb_1.0.11+saucy1*. In case of dependencies issues run sudo apt-get -f install

** Note: your current DVD/flash drive may be good. But sometimes there are problems with UEFI/new windows-based computers. Try to turn on Legacy mode via bios settings and make sure boot order is correct (USB/DVD).


Ubuntu 17.10 doesn't show up in update-manager

Be Patient

This happens every six months with the next release of Ubuntu.

Availability does not begin at 00:01 local time. It happens worldwide at once...after the mirrors are updated. So go about your normal life.

Due to phased updates and the system-to-system variation of apt's normal checking for updates, you may not get notification of a new release for a few days.

If you still don't get notification, check your Software & Updates Control Panel settings. Some users forget that they disabled new-release notifications, or enabled only LTS-release notifications.

There is wide, friendly disagreement on whether upgrading or reinstalling is "best". Both are thoroughly tested. Both work. They are a matter of user preference, with the following caveats:

Backup your data before doing either.
If you upgrade, uninstall all software from non-Ubuntu sources (including PPAs) - they cause most upgrade failures.

Upgrading to a new release is different from Debian. Use the Ubuntu release-upgrade tool (do-release-upgrade). Following Debian instructions (apt dist-upgrade) will install new packages...in your older release.

If you are offered a partial upgrade, refuse it...which will abort the upgrade entirely and return you to the older release of Ubuntu. Your upgrade is broken, usually because of non-Ubuntu packages on your system. Disable those sources, uninstall those packages, and then try the release-upgrade again.

If you use proprietary or compiled drivers (like for some video cards), you may need to recompile or to install updated versions to match your new kernel. Make sure you have those instructions on hand before starting the release-upgrade.


Starting program via terminal and putting it immidiatly in the bg / bashrc

Sending a process to the background works differently than you assume especially in combination with sudo. For these reasons I recommend an entirely different approach:

Create a shell script tksuite in some directory occurring in $PATH, e. g. /usr/bin/tksuite:

#!/bin/sh
exec /bin/sh /usr/local/tksuite_client/run_client.sh "$@"

Make it executable:

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/tksuite

Now you can start the script with superuser privileges in background with

gksudo tksuite & disown

Alternatively this can all be done in a shell function

tksuite() {
    gksudo -- sh /usr/local/tksuite_client/run_client.sh "$@" &
    disown
}

invokable with tksuite as you intended.


For some reason you need to create the directory .cache/dconf which isn't created.


Can't install Ubuntu on my Windows 7 laptop

I once tried to instal through wubi but for me its easier partitioning. Esentially, when installing ubuntu you want to have three partitions. One for ubuntu "/" one for "efi boot" and one for "swap". Swap only needs to be as much as your RAM (typically). For the boot partition only 50mb and ubuntu partition depends how big you want it to be...i hope I helped at least a bit in explaining partitionong even though you need advice on wubi.


Failed to start Journal Service (ubuntu doesn't start)

Try to enter in recovery mode:

If you don't see grub screen, reboot your computer and press shift   multiple times.
Once you see grub screen select advanced options for Ubuntu
Choose the one with the recovery word in it and latest kernel version
Choose root
Mount / ( mount -o remount,rw /).
Remove any unwanted packages.
Finally reboot (type reboot in command line then press enter)
Hope this makes sense.


What is the correct way of setting up an abnt2 keyboard layout in preseed?

Maybe the correcting setting is:

d-i console-setup/model select Brazilian ABNT2


The error Could not resolve hostname 'hostname.de': host not found probably means the network is not up while trying to mount.

It is recommended to set the _netdev mount option that means: device requires network to be available. This way, it will wait until there is a link available before trying to mount:

https://somedomain.de/webdav.php/somefolder/ /mnt/s02 davfs defaults,_netdev 0 0


File manager is not allowed to do anything

I solved it by starting nautilus as sudo.
First I had to install the package gksu:

sudo apt-get install gksu

Then I started nautilus like this:

gksudo nautilus


Can you try this.

For example you can boot into Windows, then type the following command in an admin command prompt:

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi

this is generally provided when you run boot-repair.

Best bet for you will be within Windows try to restart with Shift button pressed and follow the options to boot into Ubuntu.
Once you are in Ubuntu try boot-repair

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair


For upgrading, you only need to have these lines in your sources.list:

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

Everything else, including the Canonical repository and the Extras repository can be (and will be, by the upgrade tool) disabled.

In the future, keep sources that you added in individual .list files in the /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ directory.


How do I open a text file in my terminal?

For short files:

cat <path/your_file>

directly shows a text file in the terminal.

For longer files:

less <path/your_file>

lets you scroll and search (/ text to search Enter) in the file; press q to exit.

e.g.

cat /home/john/RESULTS.txt
less /home/john/RESULTS.txt


Thinkpad Yoga keyboard stopped working (16.04)

I'm not sure this is an actual answer, but I got the keyboard working again. I read another post where a ThinkPad user had to unplug his battery to get the keyboard working again. He thought it was something to do with his BIOS.

As an experiment, I just unplugged my ThinkPad and let the battery run down. Ubuntu shut itself down, and wouldn't reboot because the battery was critically low. I let the system sit for a little while then plugged it in and booted. At that point the mouse pointer didn't appear, nor did the keyboard work, but the touch screen did work. I rebooted again and now everything is back to normal. Odd...

I wonder how it will behave after the next reboot.


I accidentally deleted my partition using pvcreate(lvm)

There is TestDisk and PhotoRec that can be used for recovery.

They both come in the same package, so all you have to install is TestDisk.  To install it, type in the following in a terminal window:

sudo apt-get install testdisk

TestDisk is used for Partition recovery, if the partition is still intact on the hard drive.  It can scan for them.  If it finds the old one, you have the option of writing out that partition back to the drive.

This application requires elevated permissions to run, so it would be launched as:

sudo testdisk

PhotoRec on the other hand is used for photo and data recovery.  It can scan through your entire drive recovering files of your choosing and saving them to a folder of your choice.

This application requires elevated permissions to run, so it would be launched as:

sudo photorec

The process of recovering your data can take a while to perform.  Here are the step-by-step processes for recovering data.

TestDisk - Step-By-Step

PhotoRec - Step-By-Step

Note: as with any data recovery process there is no 100% guaranteed fail proof way of recovery.  It is always recommended to back up your data before you start any partitioning of hard drives.

Hope this helps!


Default file manager changed, can't change back

I hope I can answer this with an answer I posted a while back here Chromium "Show in Folder" opens in text editor
 (That would make this a duplicate so it might get closed ;) )

In ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list there is a list of files to be opend by an application. Have a look with more ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list and check if you can find something weird here. You can use vi or gedit to edit this file.

But there is also a command mimeopen that allows you to alter what program should open what file (and that updates the file I mentioned before). It will 'guess' what would be the most logical option based on the file you feed it.

mimeopen -d /home/{your_name}/Documents
Please choose a default application for files of type inode/directory

    1) Open Folder  (nautilus-folder-handler)
    2) Other...

mimeopen -d \[Mazui\]_Ore_No_Imouto_-_14_\[SD\]\[7EA51F50\].mkv
Please choose a default application for files of type video/x-matroska

    1) Enqueue in SMPlayer  (smplayer_enqueue)
    2) Movie Player  (totem)
    3) SMPlayer  (smplayer)
    4) Banshee  (banshee)
    5) VLC media player  (vlc)
    6) Other...

Same works for a torrent file and any other file.

Maybe you already know this but if you can not get to command line use control-alt-f1 and log in with your sudo user account and password. control-alt-f7 gets you back to your desktop.


Yes, it is possible. Look for the generated keys under ~/.ssh

After copy, you need to set permission of your private key to 600 or 400 in order to use it.


Can Windows 7 ultimate and ubuntu 10.10 work together as a dual boot system?

It is possible to have both Windows (any version, actually) and Ubuntu working in parallel.
The Windows Installer wouldn't like any other operating system installed and might suggest removing it.
The Ubuntu installer is happy to leave a working operating system and sit besides it.
So what I suggest is installing Windows first (which you most probably already have) and install Ubuntu afterwards. The installer will ask you where to install and what to do with existing operating systems.
Upon successful installation you will be presented with a boot loader (GRUB) that allows you to select the operating system that is to be started.


evince 3.4.0 can NOT display some simplified chinese fonts

Try installing/running:

sudo apt-get install xvfb xfonts-base xfonts-75dpi xfonts-100dpi

sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese

and finally

sudo apt-get install xfonts-wqy

Logout/Login - Hope it helps


Datacard is not detecting in ubuntu 12.04

Try executing the following command to see if you your datacard is getting detected or not.

lsusb

It may provide details similar to this:

Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 064e:8126 Suyin Corp.
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0a5c:21d7 Broadcom Corp.


How to create a zip with multiple files without sub-folders?

You can use find to get the file list and execute zip -j myfiles to pack them ignoring the paths:

find . -name "d[014]" -exec zip -j myfiles {} +

Example

$ tree
.
├── d0
├── f0
├── f1
│   └── d1
└── f2
    └── f3
        ├── d2
        ├── d3
        └── d4

$ find . -name "d[014]" -exec zip -j myfiles {} +
  adding: d1 (stored 0%)
  adding: d4 (stored 0%)
  adding: d0 (stored 0%)

$ unzip -l myfiles.zip
Archive:  myfiles.zip
  Length      Date    Time    Name
---------  ---------- -----   ----
        0  2017-10-09 10:47   d1
        0  2017-10-09 10:48   d4
        0  2017-10-09 10:47   d0
---------                     -------
        0                     3 files

However this works for files only, directories will be ignored by zip -j. To get this working for directories too, say we want to pack d0, d1 and the whole f3 directory in the above example, the find line gets a little more complicated:

$ find . \( -name "d[01]" -o -name "f3" \) -exec sh -c 'p=$(pwd); for i in $0 $@; do cd ${i%/*}; zip -ur "$p"/myfiles ${i##*/}; cd "$p"; done' {} +
        zip warning: /home/dessert/myfiles.zip not found or empty
  adding: d1 (stored 0%)
  adding: f3/ (stored 0%)
  adding: f3/d3 (stored 0%)
  adding: f3/d2 (stored 0%)
  adding: f3/d4 (stored 0%)
  adding: d0 (stored 0%)
$ unzip -l myfiles.zip
Archive:  myfiles.zip
  Length      Date    Time    Name
---------  ---------- -----   ----
        0  2017-10-11 10:18   d1
        0  2017-10-11 10:19   f3/
        0  2017-10-11 10:19   f3/d3
        0  2017-10-11 10:19   f3/d2
        0  2017-10-11 10:19   f3/d4
        0  2017-10-11 10:17   d0
---------                     -------
        0                     6 files


how to create a hotspot when my laptop is already connected to a network

I have tested this method on Ubuntu 15.10 and it works well; but I am not sure about older versions.

Step 1:Download kde-nm-connection-editor (Plasma-nm) from Ubuntu Software center.

Step 2: Open Terminal and type :

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/kde5-nm-connection-editor.desktop

Then comment the line containing NoDisplay=true by adding # before it.

Step 3: Now search and open kde5-nm-connection-editor

Step 4: Now go to Connections >> add >> Wi-Fi(shared)

Modify Connection name and SSID according to you
Step 5: Move to Wi-Fi Security and choose WPA & WPA2 Personal and set the password.

Then Select OK and you are done.
Step 6: To start the hotspot go to Wi-Fi Settings

Then click on Connect to Hidden Network

Choose the network you just created from drop down list and click on Connect

Now you are done.
Hope this helps.


Windows 8 & Ubuntu 14.04 lts boot problem

What brand/model computer?
Many brands now modify UEFI to only boot a "Windows" entry in UEFI, but will boot the hard drive entry, so we have to copy grub or shim into the efi folder so system thinks it is booting the hard drive.

But you have installed Ubuntu in BIOS boot on an UEFI system. To easily dual boot you need to have Ubuntu in UEFI boot mode. Boot-Repair can in its advanced mode uninstall grub-pc(BIOS) and install grub-efi-amd64(UEFI). But you must boot in UEFI mode to convert.

Shows install with screen shots for both BIOS(purple) & UEFI(grub menu), so you know which you are using.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

It also looks like you had an UEFI boot and had run the old version of Boot-Repair that renamed the Windows efi file. Boot-Repair does not do that any more as there now are better ways. But you need to undo the rename. Not sure if new copy of Boot-Repair will do that or not.

This was the original Windows UEFI boot file:
/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bkpbootmgfw.efi

And a grub or shim file was copied into the Microsoft folder and renamed to this:
 /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi

You want to fully backup the entire efi partition, just in case and rename bkpbootmgfw.efi back to bootmgfw.efi. then you should be able to directly boot Windows from UEFI menu.

If an HP or Sony you may then need to copy grub or shim into /EFI/Boot and rename it to bootx64.efi.

If you need more detail, already posted here:

Dual boot Win 8 / Ubuntu loads only Win

windows 8.1 changes boot order

How do I get my HP laptop to boot into grub from my new efi file?

Dual boot but only Windows boots


(Answering my own question)

I am using a Dell Latitude 3740 laptop with BIOS version 1.1. After updating the BIOS to version 1.16, Alt+tab performance  and Alt+tab+tab performance are now much smoother without any noticeable delay!

Am not sure if the BIOS update is 100% the cause of improvement. Would be surprised if it is.


See the output of "sudo lshw", find your card model and then search in apt for your model, probably you have a driver for it.

For example if you have an Atheros AR9271:

apt search ath

firmware-ath9k-htc/eoan,eoan 1.4.0-97-g75b3e59+dfsg-3 all
  QCA ath9k-htc Firmware

you should install that driver (kernel module) with:

apt install firmware-ath9k-htc

Sometimes i had problems because i had an incompatible module installed and the solution was eliminate it:

First you search in your instralled packages related to your wifi model:

dpks -l|grep -i ath

and then you delete the incompatible driver:

dpkg --purge firmware-ath9k-htc

I have used "firmware-ath9k-htc" for the example but you must search for your model of wifi card with "sudo lshw"


How to give a specific user a read ONLY permission to a specific folder in Linux without root?

You can do it using ACLs (Access Control Lists).
setfacl -m u:userA:rx folder
if you want to give userA access to folder only (the user won't be able to read files within folder) or
setfacl -R -m u:userA:rX folder
if you want to give access to folder and all (already existing) files and subfolders within it.


Try installing flash this way.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer


Why the file usage decreases dramatically when the directory is copied from guest Ubuntu to usb disk?

Files are written in blocks consisting of a multitude of 512 bytes, for example 1kB, 4 kB. Block size differs between filesystems and disk sizes. The larger the disk, the larger the block. A file containing 1.5 kB of data will occupy 1.5 kB of disk space on a filesystem with a block size of 512 kB, 2 kB on a filesystem with 1 kB blocks, 4 kB on a filesystem with 4 kB blocks.

du command displays an estimation of the disk space of all the blocks occupied by the files.

If (especially if) you have a large number of small files the space reserved in a block at the end of each file, but not used by the data, will be larger on disks/filesystems with a large block size (larger disks).

You can check the block size for a particular device with:

sudo blockdev --getbsz /dev/sda1


How to move data to specific areas of an SSD?

Solid-state drives are not like regular mechanical hard drives in the sense that you can partition the drive to keep data for certain partitions in a specific physical area of the drive platters. You cannot write to a specific memory address on the SSD, like you can with RAM.

The SSD controller will distribute data across all of the available memory on the drive. If it did not, the drive would quickly wear out specific blocks of memory, since each piece of memory can only be written to a few thousand times (depending on the type of memory). This feature is called wear leveling.

In your case, you are thinking about over-provisioning. Solid-state drives do this from the factory, you might have 256GB of memory chips on a drive, but only 240GB of it is available. The leftover memory is called spare area. The more spare area you have, the higher-performing and longer-lasting your drive will be. Of course, the trade off is that you end up with less storage capacity.

If you are never going to fill up your 120GB drive, you an do one of two things: First, just leave it alone and let the SSD controller take care of it. If you never fill the drive, it will use wear-leveling to distribute writes across all of the available memory. Second, you could partition the drive to say, 100GB, and then you would have 20GB additional spare area. In this case, you could fill the drive up and not worry about compromising it's performance because you have the extra 20GB of memory for the SSD controller to use.


External Installation that cannot mount / read / write to the internal drive of the computer

A 'live' or 'installed' Ubuntu system booted from an external drive will not write to the internal drive by itself.

You can tell it to mount an internal drive and write it it.

With elevated permissions (with sudo) you can also tell it to overwrite a whole internal drive.

During normal operation, running with a standard user ID, you can avoid mounting any partition on the internal drive, and you need not worry about writing to the internal drive.

A live system 'Try Ubuntu' stays away from the internal drive by default. Just make sure that no partition is mounted.
You can install Ubuntu (install into an external drive just like it were into an internal drive).

During this installation you had better disconnect or unplug the internal drive, otherwise the bootloader might be installed into the internal drive instead of into the external drive. This can happen both in UEFI mode and the old BIOS mode (alias CSM alias legacy mode).

When installed you need not worry. Just make sure that no partition is mounted.


Before you proceed, If you don't want any headache at the beginning it self just go to last two lines of my answer.

Well since you have confirmed that you have installed Ubuntu there are two possibilities.
In the question you have mentioned I can't boot Ubuntu (or anything), other than from the USB-stick

May be your boot order in BIOS is set to boot from USB device first.

Solution: Simply remove your USB device and try to reboot, if not worked, use bios key to inter BIOS and change boot order. If that doesn't work,

This may not be a perfect answer but its worth to give it a try.

Since here it says => No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda., may be you have to reinstall Grub boot loader to MBR(Master Boot Record). The reason I'm suggesting this solution is because this post states similar problem. Follow the steps below. But before installing grub boot loader try toggling the boot flag from Method:1 if the /dev/sda is not bootable.

This method needs command prompt but it has not mentioned how to go to command prompt when the OS is itself not able to load. Hence I assume you have to press letter "c" when grub menu appears. Reboot and when grub menu appears, press c to open command line. Then enter,

Source for this method

Method 1:

It's assumed that /dev/sda is the disk which contains a boot partition.
First, using fdisk command, verify that the boot partition (typically the first partition) in /dev/sda is tagged as "bootable". If the partition is bootable, it should show "*" under "Boot" column(with * symbol) in the fdisk output.

  fdisk /dev/sda

press P to list the partitions after it shows

  Command (m for help): p

If the boot partition is not bootable, mark it as "bootable". You can press "a" on fdisk to toggle a bootable flag. After changing a bootable flag, make sure to press "w" to write the change to disk.

Then use the Method 2 to install the GRUB bootloader.

Source for this method.

Method 2: Note: Since you are new to Ubuntu, keep this in mind. In the below commands # symbol, > symbol and the text before > symbol should be shown in your command line, and not to be typed as a command.

eg: In the below command, # grub-install /dev/sda, you have to type only grub-install /dev/sda.

  # grub-install /dev/sda

It has said in the source that this is an automatic re-installation method. If that fails, start by launching the grub command shell manually.

  # grub

If your not sure of the device to specify for the installation, you can ask GRUB to tell you. Run this command and GRUB will attempt to find your GRUB installation on all available device partitions on the system. If found GRUB will output all the partitions containing GRUB installations in GRUB naming format. You can select the correct device and use in the next step.

  grub> find /boot/grub/menu.lst

The output will be something like

  (hd0,0)

Set your root partition which contains the boot directory as well as the GRUB installation.

  grub> root (hd0,0)

Install GRUB to the MBR of your first hard drive device.

  grub> setup (hd0)

Exit Grub.

  grub> quit

Reboot, you should hopefully see the menu on start up.

  # reboot

Hope this helps.

If everything else failed just reinstall the whole Ubuntu OS and make sure you format(Windows installed partition) before you install Ubuntu on it.


Printing does not work on a Sharp MX 2310U

I have the same issue except I have a Canon 1023N over ethernet. I have same errors. It looks like a known bug with cups. Lots of reports coming in now:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/cups/+bug/1053443

I wish I had known before I went and installed 12.10 as supposedly 12.04 does not have this problem.


Building new dual boot PC: Does Ubuntu get installed first or second?

Personally, I would install Windows first, because it makes partitioning easier and Ubuntu gives you an option to install alongside Windows or windows boot manager. It is ALWAYS easier to install windows first then Ubuntu. It will always be more stable to install windows first then Ubuntu.


Can't install Latest mongodb On Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS xenial

It seems that you have run an old process
You may revert what you have done and follow the community edition instructions customized for 3.6
According to the MongoDB community edition documentation

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 0C49F3730359A14518585931BC711F9BA15703C6
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/3.6 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.6.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org


problem with pokerstars installation using wine

Sorry, but I am not familiar with wine as well as I don't know your program Pokerstars, but I use PokerTH from the Ubuntu Software Center. If you can't get yours running, maybe you want to try this free alternative. It has an AI (offline games against up to 9 players), network multiplayer mode and internet gaming (poker-heroes.com - restricted usage without registration possible with guest account). Have fun!


I can't change mode for some directories using chmod

User joe is the owner of the directory joe so only joe or root can run chmod on it. You will have to use sudo

sudo chmod o-x joe


Giving Wine applications more privileges (like listening on ports below 1024)

You should be able to grant the "bind to privileged ports" capability to Wine with:

sudo setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' /path/to/wine

Please let us know if it worked.


Can no longer press Windows key to launch Dash, what to do?

Finally solved it. I have to reset unity using dconf reset -f /org/compiz/ then setsid unity. I have tried to reproduce the problem, and it's happening again after I changed Launcher Opacity in CCSM, but I'm not sure why.


I'd say no. The upgrader itself says you shouldn't do work while upgrading a system.

With that being said, I've done all sorts of things - normal word processing, compiling things (that was stupid) and web browsing (just to name a few), the only thing that has given me problems has been compiling things while doing an upgrade.

However, to be on the safe side, don't do it.


error while installing packages opensubmit ubuntu 14.04 LTS

The error was removed by installing python-dev in Ubuntu 14.04.  python-dev is a dependency of a package that is recommended by python-pip in Ubuntu 16.04. The package that is recommended by python-pip that has python-dev as a dependency is python-dev-all which is not available from the default repositories in Ubuntu 14.04.

sudo apt install python-dev


Sharing SSH keys during a Juju Charm deployment

I'll give you my thought's on syncing keys between equal peers (for your control nodes) but this could be used as is for all your nodes AFAICT.

in the relation relation changed hook script:

#if there is no pubkey corresponding to this nodes ID, export this relation
ThisUnitID=$(echo $JUJU_UNIT_NAME | awk -F/ '{print $2}')
if [ -z $(relation-get pub_key"$ThisUnitID" ]; then
    relation-set pub_key"$ThisUnitID" "$ThisPubKey"
fi

#get everyone's pub key
MEMBERS=$(relation-list)
for member in $MEMBERS; do
    memberID=$(echo $member | awk -F/ '{print $2}')
    custom_save_pub_key $(relation-get pub_key"$memberID" )
done

If I understand juju correctly, this will be called once in every node when a new node is added, this will allow the new node to get everyone else's pub key. But as the new node also changes the relation, it will result in all the other nodes running this again to pull the updated list of keys... very hackish to depend on a side effect but it was very concise..

good luck.


Add Guest user to Persistent flash drive

Guest User accounts are controlled by lightdm.conf.

For a grub2 booters with persistent casper-rw partitions, such as mkusb:

Open casper-rw/upper/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf and change "allow-guest=true". Now there will be a Guest account.

For Syslinux booters with persistent casper-rw files such as UNetbootin:
First mount the casper-rw file:

sudo mkdir /media/casper

sudo mount -o loop casper-rw /media/casper/

Then edit casper/upper/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf and change "allow-guest=true".
A guest account will be added to boot options.

CAUTION
A bug has been issued for Guest session 16.10 and newer: Bug.
It concerns not confined processes.

For 17.04 Gnome, LightDM has been replaced by GDM and GDM does not include a Guest session.

The user can install LightDM in 17.04 Gnome using sudo apt install lightdm
The install process will ask to remove GDM.

17.04 Gnome reports as being unconfined when in a guest session, caution applies.

Thanks to Gunnar Hjalmarsson for the hint and mc4man for the bug warning.


Resume after suspend leaves glitches using Radeon driver and 11.10. What is a better way of fixing than using 'unity --replace'?

With pm-utils, you can use a simple scritp to change the power profile like this :

Just use this commands :

sudo gedit /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/ati

Copy this text in the ati file :

#!/bin/sh

case $1 in
    true) echo low > /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_profile ;;
    false) echo high > /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_profile ;;
    *) exit $NA ;;
esac

exit 0

And use this command to make it executable :

sudo chmod +x /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/ati

It works for me. On battery, I use the low profile and, on AC, I use the high profile.

You can use this profiles (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/ATI) :

"default" uses the default clocks and does not change the power state. This is the default behavior.
"auto" selects between "mid" and "high" power states based on the whether the system is on battery power or not. The "low" power state are selected when the monitors are in the dpms off state.
"low" forces the gpu to be in the low power state all the time. Note that "low" can cause display problems on some laptops; this is why auto only uses "low" when displays are off.
"mid" forces the gpu to be in the "mid" power state all the time. The "low" power state is selected when the monitors are in the dpms off state.
"high" forces the gpu to be in the "high" power state all the time. The "low" power state is selected when the monitors are in the dpms off state.


Installing TortoiseHg: need higher Mercurial version

Use the mercurial PPA

apt-add-repository ppa:mercurial-ppa/releases
apt-get update
apt-get install tortoisehg


It is possible create a Network LAN like in windows 7,8,10?

I am not an expert in Ubuntu.

I am using Ubuntu 18.04 and I use to connect other PCs running in windows using samba. It works well with earlier versions, but in 18.04 I find difficult to configure samba, as the windows hosts are not displayed. After some research, I've found that I have to install samba client. I use the following command:

sudo apt install smbclient

After running this, I am able to list the other hosts and  network and shares works well.

But in the case of cellphone, I don't know how to network with it. I usually transfer from cellphone, using direct cable connection, Bluetooth or by using apps like xender etc.


Boot hangs on crc32c-intel since kernel 4.19.94

I gave up. I finished by a complete reinstall. 2x in fact, the first di not boot at all, secvond attempt worked after a round trip to partitioning the disk again. Remove all partitions and put them back worked a charm. Next few days trying to grab all soft that was added on the original setup.

Cheers


How do I setup SSH key based authentication for GitHub by using ~/.ssh/config file?

Here is short manual how to setup SSH key based authentication for GitHub.

1. Install the openssh-client if it is not already installed, and of course git:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y openssh-client git

2. Create user's ssh directory and a sub directory where your dedicated GitHub ssh key will be stored:

mkdir -p ~/.ssh/github
chmod 700 ~/.ssh ~/.ssh/github

3. Generate the SSH key (the output key will have octal permissions 600):

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C 'your@email.com' -f ~/.ssh/github/id_rsa -q -N ''

-q - silence ssh-keygen; -N '' - empty (without) passphrase, you can assign one if you want.

4. Copy the content of the file id_rsa.pub, use the following command to output it:

cat ~/.ssh/github/id_rsa.pub

5. Go to your GitHub account. From the drop-down menu in upper right corner select Your profile. Click on Edit profile button and then select SSH and GPG keys. Click on the New SSH Key button. Type some meningful for a Title and paste the content of ~/.ssh/github/id_rsa.pub in the field Key. Then click on the Add SSH Key button.

6. Create the ~/.ssh/config file, if it doesn't already exist:

touch ~/.ssh/config
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config

Edit the config file and add the following entry for the new SSH key:

Host github.com
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/github/id_rsa

7. Test the setup. Use the following command:

ssh -T git@github.com

On the question - Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? - answer with yes. If everything went well you should receive a greeting message like this:

Hi pa4080! You've successfully authenticated, ...

How to use the SSH key.

1. If you have already cloned repository through HTTPS, by using a command as these:

git clone https://github.com/username/repository-name.git
git clone git://github.com/username/repository-name

Go inside the repository's directory and execute the next command to allow work via SSH:

git remote set-url origin git@github.com:username/repository-name.git

2. Direct clone a repository via SSH:

git clone git@github.com:username/repository-name.git

3. In addition if you are using VSC it will work without problems with this setup. For already clonned repositories just use the Open Folder option and all VSC Git features will work.


The simplest way is to use gparted. Fdisk is not the preferred tool, parted ( or gparted) is better because they support the newer gpt/efi disk layouts.

In a terminal run

sudo apt-get install gparted


Try this:

In a terminal, run this command:  sudo apt-get update

Then run this command:  sudo apt-get autoclean

Then run this command:  sudo apt full-upgrade

If that doesn't work, a fresh install may be easier than extensive troubleshooting, after backing up your personal data.

I hope this helps.

RCline7


How do I turn down GPU heat / usage on a Sony Vaio Z21?

for ati card with open source driver two ways are there both can be also used

install the gnome shell extension for this u will have to switch to the gnome shell    which is worth to give a try the shell extension is \
: raedon profile manager https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/356/radeon-power-profile-manager/

after installing this extension u need to set the profile to low from the icon of this extension at the top panel

2 if u r adamant to use unity try this :
Open your terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and open the Grub config file by using the following command:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Now here search for this line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Replace the above line with this one and save the file:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pcie_aspm=force"

Update the Grub by using this command:

sudo update-grub

if possible to use gnome shell use both the method it will surely decrease the temp i did this to solve my heating problem hope this works for u too


Can I create a launcher for keyboard shortcuts?

The very "basic" version of what you are looking for would be:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Show
Exec=/bin/bash -c "sleep 0.25&&xdotool key Shift_L+Super_L+w"
Type=Application

How to use

You would have to install xdotool (as mentioned by @Takkat):

sudo apt-get install xdotool

Then paste the code above into an empty file, save it as (e.g.): show.desktop
Then:

if you want to run it from your desktop: make it executable and run it by double-click
If you want to run it from the Launcher: move it into ~/.local/share/applications, drag it from there on to the Launcher.

Explanation

With xdotool, you can simulate keyboard strokes. The command to run your keyboard combination by xdotool is:

xdotool key Shift_L+Super_L+w

Why the pause of 0.25 sec?

Without the pause, the script would start while you were double clicking the icon, and break the command.

If you strictly use the starter from the Launcher, the Exec= line can be:

Exec=/bin/bash -c "xdotool key Shift_L+Super_L+w"

Note

The .desktop file is the most (possible) basic version of a .desktop file. You can "dress" it with an icon, for example, with an Icon= line, with the path to an icon you'd want to use. More on options here.


Redirect system sound to audio card (headphones)?

I don't believe that redirecting the "beep" output to anything other than the system speaker is possible.

(I get an error when trying to change the device to e.g  beep --device /dev/snd/controlC0)

But perhaps this kernel module might help you:

http://www.carcosa.net/jason/software/beep/


How to redistribute binary programs built on modern Ubuntu so that they can be executed on any older Linux system?

If you insist on doing that, then you can not use any shared libraries; you must link with -static.

To find out what it links to from the source, look at the linker command for -lfoo switches.  To inspect a binary, run ldd on it.


It is a bug in libvte. Is fixed in newer versions of libvte, but there are no plans to backport it to the versions currently in use.


How do I include the latest package updates in a customized LiveCD?

In general, you can do this with the LiveCD by chrooting into the expanded squashfs filesystem and running apt-get with upgrade or dist-upgrade. Note that the repacked customized filesystem may not fit on a 700MB CD (run clean, delete apt caches, etc. anyway)


sddm / plasma have problems with OpenGL after upgrading to 18.04

I have finally found the culprit: The problems were indeed caused by wrong permissions on /dev/nvidia* files!  These files belonged to the group vglusers, which I was a member of.  However, apparently there are some daemons (like colord, sddm-related, probably more) which were not in that group, and that caused problems.  Furthermore, there's no reason these files should not have the default permissions.

However, it was quite hard to find out how to fix that, since chmod/chgrp would apparently work (according to ls -l), but the devices would magically get their permissions changed back when I used them (e.g. when restarting sddm).

At some point in the past, I had virtualgl installed.  Uninstalling that (long ago) left two configuration files, namely /etc/udev/rules.d/99-virtualgl-dri.rules which contained

KERNEL=="card[0-9]", MODE="0660", OWNER="root", GROUP="vglusers"

and /etc/modprobe.d/virtualgl.conf contained

options nvidia NVreg_DeviceFileUID=0 NVreg_DeviceFileGID=1005 NVreg_DeviceFileMode=0660

I removed both files, ran update-initramfs -u in order to let the changed options take effect, and did delgroup vglusers (which was 1005, of course).

I hope this helps other people in the future; I spend (too) many hours debugging this!


Applications that confirm to the Gnome-Shell menu specification list their menus through the top panel.

This contains the menu's that you previously saw in the top-toolbar in earlier versions of Rhythmbox.

To complete the story - where you previously right-clicked playlists to see a sub-menu, these have been relocated to a source toolbar location:


startup after installation problem in choosing w7 and ubuntu

You should use your startup cd/dvd to start an ubuntu live session, and then either install boot-repair and run it, or follow the detailed steps from here: Recovering GRUB after installing Windows 7?


Identify "rogue" internet accessing Applications

If you don't mind having an infinite loop running for some time, you can run netstat continuously and filter the output for the IP address of the computer to which your program is connecting. I suggest using IP addresses instead of domain names because it's much faster, reducing the time each netstat call takes and therefore increasing the chances of actually catching your process. You should run the netstat command as root, if you think that the process does not belong to the currently logged in user. So, first use nslookup to figure the IP of the domain:

nslookup weather.noaa.gov

For me this gives at the moment: 193.170.140.70 and 193.170.140.80. Now you can put up an infinte loop of netstats. The output you can filter using grep (and discard STDERR).

while [ true ] ;  do netstat -tunp 2>/dev/null | grep -e 193.170.140.70 -e 193.170.140.80  ; done

Of course edit the IP addresses in the above example. This example is probing for TCP and UDP (-tu) connections, does not do DNS resolution (-n) and lists the processes (-p). If you think there's enough time to do DNS resolution, simply omit the -n option for netstat and put the domain for grep instead of the IP. You can stop the infinite loop by simply pressing CTRL+c

Hope this helps,
Andreas

PS: I know, this is not the ideal, efficient or clean way to do it, but for a one-time search this should be sufficient.


How to fix a key that sends a modifier+key

The key code conversion is likely happening within the ACPI BIOS routines, making the key press indistinguishable from a Win+L key sequence.

There is a similar issue with some laptops that generate a Win+P key sequence when you press their dedicated video output switch key, and there isn't much you can do about it.

Depending on how common this lock screen key stroke becomes, Unity may just have to adapt.


WD Passport external HD connected but not recognized

If it's a brand new hard disk that came with an enclosure: return it to the store and get a new one under warranty.

If you've mounted it yourself into an enclosure, use a different USB port/cable and if that doesn't help: same solution as above.


Installing ubuntu 12.04 on a separate partition

Boot with live usb
There will be screen asking for install options like install along with windows 7,install ubuntu as only OS etc. Choose Do something else option at the end.
Now partition tool will open. You can see the unallocated space. Select that and then click on Add.
Now we will add SWAP partition. Give disk space value as 1024MB (1GB) or 2GB. If you have good amount of RAM (~2GB), 1GB swap space is enough. Select SWAP in file system dropdown.Press "OK".
Now again continue previous step for the rest free space. This time select filesytem as ext4 and mount point as /.
Check in partition tool window, grub installation location is same as your hard disk not your usb disk. (most likely bootloader location -> in sda ...)
Now go ahead and installation will finish in minutes.

Note: Don't enable downloading of 3rd party apps and update in previous screen. Better don't connect to internet while installing.Good luck. Let us know how it went.


How to bring up onboard only when physical keyboard is disabled

Unfortunately, not at the moment. Unity 8 is supposed to bring those features.

There are an assortment of scripts available on GitHub and the like for rotating the screen and disabling the touchpad, but those still require a shortcut.

And regarding onboard, you can call that from the statusbar.


How to get $DESKTOP_SESSION from sudo script?

You need to pass -E option to sudo:

  -E, --preserve-env

  Indicates to the security policy that the user wishes to preserve their existing environment variables.  The security policy may return an error if the user does not have permission to preserve the environment.

- see man sudo (or online).

And run your script as

sudo -E '/path/sample.sh'


Where did libgmp3-dev for Ubuntu 16.10 go?

From your sources.list file, I see that you're missing main component of the repository. Add these two lines to the sources.list file and then do a package index update using sudo apt update

deb http://mirror.nodesdirect.com/ubuntu/ yakkety main
deb-src http://mirror.nodesdirect.com/ubuntu/ yakkety main

Then install the package as usual

It's gone nowhere. Available for yakkety too. http://packages.ubuntu.com/yakkety/libgmp3-dev

Check your software sources if you enabled respective ones.


Can I stop apps from selecting "Recently Used" by default in file chooser dialogs?

To my knowledge, this is a "feature" of GTK+ 3.x, and I'm not so certain it can be changed.

If I find a solution I will update my answer, but for now I don't know of any (other than reporting a bug).

Update:

I believe I may have found a partial solution. It's not a permanent one unfortunately.

Install dconf-tools.
Run dconf-editor.
Navigate to org.gtk.settings.file-chooser.
Change the last-folder-uri value to the folder of your choosing, for example file:///home/rolandixor/Desktop.
Your file chooser dialogues should now use this folder by default. However, they will revert to recently used if you use the dialogue but do not actually open/save a file.

Update2:

As this is rather tricky, here is another possible solution (partial):

Open gedit.
Open a file (from the folder you want to use).
Save a file (save as) to the folder you want to use.
Close gedit. This will only work if you actually open a file from a folder and save to a folder. If you open the dialogue and don't do anything, it will revert when you close it. There is no way around this.


Based on gid, system users and service users can be separated as follows,

/etc/passwd contains list for all users along with some other information. Service users or real users have gid greater than or equals to 1000. So a list of real users can be obtained as,

awk -F: '($3>=1000)&&($1!="nobody"){print $1}' /etc/passwd

Also a list of system users (gid < 1000) can be extracted as,

awk -F: '($3<1000){print $1}' /etc/passwd

How it works

The contents of /etc/passwd are like,

    root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
    ...
    souravc:x:1001:1001:Souravc:/home/souravc:/bin/bash

When using awk with -F: it splits the contents of a line into several fields treating : as field separator. First field contains the user name and third field has the gid.

Hence to extract real users awk just check value of third field is greater than equals to 1000 and it is not nobody user and prints the first field i.e., the user name.

To list all system users it just checks gid is less than 1000 and prints the user name.

Edit

As you want to list root(gid = 0) in real user list. Get real users as,

awk -F: '($3==0)||($3>=1000)&&($1!="nobody"){print $1}' /etc/passwd

Get system users as,

awk -F: '($3<1000)&&($1!="root"){print $1}' /etc/passwd

Note I am always ignoring nobody user.


can't unbind device in privileged lxc container

Since I was using Ubuntu here and AppArmor was configured on the system, therefore the issue.

In lxc configuration file /usr/share/lxc/config/ubuntu.common.conf, following is commented. Uncomment the last line.

# When using LXC with apparmor, the container will be confined by default.
# If you wish for it to instead run unconfined, copy the following line
# (uncommented) to the container's configuration file.
lxc.aa_profile = unconfined ( ***** UNCOMMENT THIS LINE ******************** )


Drivers for HP Ink Tank 415 for Ubuntu 16.04

It appears that you have an HP Ink Tank Wireless 415 printer and are running this under Ubuntu Linux.  If this is the case, then you should find the driver you require using the following link to HP Developers Portal, home of HP's Linux Imaging and Printing software (HPLIP):

https://developers.hp.com/hp-linux-imaging-and-printing


The MultiSystem Multiboot usb allows you to load multiple iso files on to one usb.
With Multisystem you just have to drag and drop your iso files to a window and that's all.  -

To install MultiSystem Multiboot -

sudo apt-add-repository 'deb http://liveusb.info/multisystem/depot all main'

wget -q http://liveusb.info/multisystem/depot/multisystem.asc -O- |
sudo apt-key add -

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install multisystem


Failed to start mongod.service: Unit mongod.service not found. but now sh: 0: getcwd() failed: No such file or directory

This error actually has nothing to do with MongoDB and would happen for many commands, it's because you've actually deleted the directory your terminal is currently opened for. For example, if you did this:

mkdir foo
cd foo
rmdir .
service blah blah

Also explained via this Unix Stack Exchange answer


How to make my IP direct to my website instead of router?

Forward port 80 and 443 to the local server that is hosting your site. For more information on port forwarding please visit http://portforward.com/.

Explaination of ports

HTTP  - 80/TCP

HTTPS - 443/TCP


So to get Bumblebee to work

a) Run the following command to find out the BusID for your Nvidia graphics card:

 lspci | grep NVIDIA

The BusID is the number in the beginning of the line returned by the command above. Here's how the output for the command above looks like on my laptop:

 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF108M [GeForce GT 525M] (rev ff)

The BusID is the number in bold, "01:00.0" in my case.

b) Now we'll have to add the BusID to /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia and for this, we'll open the file as root with a text editor (I'll use Gedit in the command below):

 sudo gedit /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia

And in this file, in the "Device" section, add the following:

    BusID "PCI:YOUR_BUS_ID"

Replacing "YOUR_BUS_ID" with the BusID returned by the command used under step a). For me (remember, for you, the BusID may be different), this line looks like this:

  BusID "PCI:01:00:0"

Then, restart your system and Bumblebee should work so when you want to run an application or game on your Nvidia card, use:

 optirun APP_OR_GAME
 optirun glxspheres

Help > W E B U P D 8 Check Bumblebee Section

Update

so your /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia  look like this

 cat /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier  "Layout0"
Option      "AutoAddDevices" "false"
EndSection

Section "Device"
Identifier  "Device1"
Driver      "nvidia"
VendorName  "NVIDIA Corporation"
BusID "PCI:01:00:0"
#   If the X server does not automatically detect your VGA device,
#   you can manually set it here.
#   To get the BusID prop, run `lspci | grep VGA` and input the data
#   as you see in the commented example.
#   This Setting may be needed in some platforms with more than one
#   nvidia card, which may confuse the proprietary driver (e.g.,
#   trying to take ownership of the wrong device).
#   BusID "PCI:02:00:0"

#   Setting ProbeAllGpus to false prevents the new proprietary driver
#   instance spawned to try to control the integrated graphics card,
#   which is already being managed outside bumblebee.
#   This option doesn't hurt and it is required on platforms running
#   more than one nvidia graphics card with the proprietary driver.
#   (E.g. Macbook Pro pre-2010 with nVidia 9400M + 9600M GT).
#   If this option is not set, the new Xorg may blacken the screen and
#   render it unusable (unless you have some way to run killall Xorg).
Option "ProbeAllGpus" "false"

Option "NoLogo" "true"
Option "UseEDID" "false"
Option "UseDisplayDevice" "none"
Option "ConnectedMonitor" "DFP"
EndSection

Bumblebee.conf Check your /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf

# Configuration file for Bumblebee. Values should **not** be put between quotes

## Server options. Any change made in this section will need a server restart
# to take effect.
[bumblebeed]
# The secondary Xorg server DISPLAY number
VirtualDisplay=:8
# Should the unused Xorg server be kept running? Set this to true if waiting
# for X to be ready is too long and don't need power management at all.
KeepUnusedXServer=false
# The name of the Bumbleblee server group name (GID name)
ServerGroup=bumblebee
# Card power state at exit. Set to false if the card shoud be ON when Bumblebee
# server exits.
TurnCardOffAtExit=true
# The default behavior of '-f' option on optirun. If set to "true", '-f' will
# be ignored.
NoEcoModeOverride=false
# The Driver used by Bumblebee server. If this value is not set (or empty),
# auto-detection is performed. The available drivers are nvidia and nouveau
# (See also the driver-specific sections below)
Driver=nvidia

## Client options. Will take effect on the next optirun executed.
[optirun]
# Acceleration/ rendering bridge, possible values are auto, virtualgl and
# primus.
Bridge=auto
# The method used for VirtualGL to transport frames between X servers.
# Possible values are proxy, jpeg, rgb, xv and yuv.
VGLTransport=proxy
# Should the program run under optirun even if Bumblebee server or nvidia card
# is not available?
AllowFallbackToIGC=false

# Driver-specific settings are grouped under [driver-NAME]. The sections are
# parsed if the Driver setting in [bumblebeed] is set to NAME (or if auto-
# detection resolves to NAME).
# PMMethod: method to use for saving power by disabling the nvidia card, valid
# values are: auto - automatically detect which PM method to use
#         bbswitch - new in BB 3, recommended if available
#       switcheroo - vga_switcheroo method, use at your own risk
#             none - disable PM completely
# https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki/Comparison-of-PM-methods

## Section with nvidia driver specific options, only parsed if Driver=nvidia
[driver-nvidia]
# Module name to load, defaults to Driver if empty or unset
KernelDriver=nvidia-304
PMMethod=auto
# colon-separated path to the nvidia libraries
LibraryPath=/usr/lib/nvidia-304:/usr/lib32/nvidia-304
# comma-separated path of the directory containing nvidia_drv.so and the
# default Xorg modules path
XorgModulePath=/usr/lib/nvidia-304/xorg,/usr/lib/xorg/modules
XorgConfFile=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia

## Section with nouveau driver specific options, only parsed if Driver=nouveau
[driver-nouveau]
KernelDriver=nouveau
PMMethod=auto
XorgConfFile=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nouveau


It's because Canonical has disabled SMB1 for security reasons. SMB2/SMB3 still works.
smbtree command also no longer works.
Either...
Use //server/pathname or //IP/pathname when using the Connect to Server, or in your /etc/fstab
or
Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf, and add this to the Network section, and restart smbd and nmbd...
# allow SMB1
client min protocol = NT1
server min protocol = NT1
name resolve order = bcast host lmhosts wins

Use the testparm command to confirm that your smb.conf file is correct.


tar cannot modify compressed files:

$ tar Ajf archive1.tgz archive2.tar
tar: Cannot concatenate compressed archives

$ tar rjf archive1.tgz file.txt
tar: Cannot update compressed archives

If there isn't enough space for the uncompressed files, I think you can't do this.


That sounds like a hardware issue to me. If you boot to a cd or usb drive does the screen still show this behavior?  I'd suggest reaching out to dell for support/repair.


Random error message that causes restart of computer

After a little research, I have learned that this is a problem specific to some Lenovo laptops. In fact, it seems pretty specific to your model.

These laptops have something special built into the firmware that verifies EFI boot files, and makes sure they are valid and not dangerous. This works fine with Windows, but the problem arises when you install Linux.

Someone discovered a vulnerability in this protection script:

  Certain firmware implementations may not correctly protect memory that stores the BIOS S3 Boot Script when a system is suspended.  Exploitation of such vulnerabilities could potentially lead to bypass security features and/or denial of service the platform.

Your laptop is on the affected list. If you installed this BIOS update, then it might be the reason for your problem. That is meant to be the fix for the vulnerability, and it seems to cause issues with Linux.

Supposedly, the problem occurs only when waking from suspend, and unfortunately, there seems to be no fix. Your best option is to just avoid sleep mode, or reinstall Windows and have a dual-boot. You could modify the BIOS firmware ad re-flash, but I doubt you want to do that.

More details:
https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=212044


If you're on 16.04, you'll probably need to wait a few more months for the next HWE kernel version to get backported to 16.04 (in the 16.04.4 release). You should probably file a bug on Launchpad against the kernel for the Ubuntu version you're on, and see if perhaps you can convince the kernel team to get it into a kernel update before the next HWE.

In the meantime, you could download the 17.10 beta image, and boot from a live USB to test if the kernel in the coming release has the fix already. Note that the patch referenced landed in master, after the 17.04 release, and so likely wasn't backported upstream to the older kernels, and may not be. The fix may be in the kernel that is going in 17.10 though (and which will be in 16.04.4 HWE update).


I had similar issue with Windows 10.
Please refer this

I referred to this one which is the golden source of information.

and for me, this command once you are booted again and again into Windows

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi

worked


Why does Ubuntu 16.04 set all drive IO schedulers to "deadline"?

The Ubuntu Kernel Team regularly run a lot of analysis of different simulated workloads on different file systems and I/O schedulers to get an idea of the best generic I/O scheduler choice.  The general answer is that there is no perfect I/O scheduler choice for a generic configuration across all the different types installs for all the different kinds of media.  The salient points to remember are:

Systems are moving to SSD, so noop or deadline are best for these; noop has less CPU overhead than deadline.
CFQ vs Deadline is a hard call.  CFQ does allow greater flexibility. However, we found that for a wider range of simulated I/O operations, deadline provided lower latencies and slightly higher higher throughput than CFQ.
I benchmark kernels regularly (each kernel test takes 3+ days to complete) for a range of file systems and I/O schedulers.  From this, and other assorted data we try to make an informed decision on the best choice, see:

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~cking/fs-tests/

There are pros/cons to all I/O schedulers, so any default is not perfect and the Ubuntu kernel team is always willing to have input to the default choice if compelling data and reasons show us to change otherwise.


Trouble pairing Raycon earbuds with 18.04 Bluetooth system

I had the same exact issue and thought about it for a few minutes then decided to turn off the Bluetooth on my phone and try pairing with my computer. After doing this, they worked perfectly fine.
I think what happened is the earbuds themselves are only able to have one device approaching them and whichever device latches on first trumps the other(s)
Hope this helps


Review the instructions on the upgrade.  I have had to uninstall programs before the upgrade.  I have done a number of installations over SSH without a problem.  If there is a problem, booting a CDROM installation to complete the installation is an option.  You may need someone to configure the IP address and start the ssh server for you.

Usually, you will be able to reconnect via ssh, although I would keep a second connection open in case you accidentally kill the first one.  The installation process is very good at not killing existing session when running the upgrade.

You may need to mount the partitons and chroot into them to complete the installation.  You may need to bind some devices from the live system into the directories to get the installation to complete.  If you do, the missing device is usually obvious from the error.  Just exit the chroot, do the bind, and begin again.

This is the kind of situation where IP access to the console can be extremely useful.  An IP accessible KVM would be ideal.


Server out of memory - started to kill all processes

To list the processes sorted by the memory usage

ps --sort -rss -eo pid,pmem,rss,vsz,comm

More information here : how-to-detect-a-memory-leak

The server is killing processes to free memory, this is what happens when all the virtual pages are allocated (swap+ram). If possible the best would be to restart the server to have all the stopped services restarted and and memory free.

More information here : Debug out-of-memory with /var/log/messages

Edit:

May  8 03:53:21 bwnet kernel: [5088999.370529] Free swap  = 0kB
May  8 03:53:21 bwnet kernel: [5088999.370530] Total swap = 0kB

Reading your logs it seems that you have no swap. You may allocate some, that will allows you to manage the problem before it becomes critical.


transmission stopped working - doesn't download anything

From the pictures it looks like something is blocking your connection to the tracker, which is what connects you to everyone else that is seeding/sharing the ISO file. Depending on where you are and what ISP you have P2P stuff like torrenting might be blocked (or illegal, even though this is a legitimate usage). I would say check your network settings and make sure nothing is set to filter out P2P (Peer-to-Peer), connections. Specifically any kind of proxy server your connection might be using, like if you're doing this at work for example.


New HD - Can't get USB boot working to install Ubuntu

Did you MD5 test the .iso image that you used to create the USB flash drive? If not, you should do that now, and see if it was corrupted (e.g., during download). If it was, you'll have to download the .iso image again and start over.

If that checks out OK, then try writing the USB flash drive with UNetbootin instead, and see if that works any better.

If neither of those work, please edit your question to indicate this, and also to tell us what specific model of Acer Revo you have.