Keyboard switching, multiple languages, define keyboard sequence for each

I do not think it is directly supported, but you can use the command line setxkbmap with the generic custom shortcut keys.

You have first of all to find the exact command that sets you keyboards; in my case I have

 setxkbmap es -variant standard_tlde

for the my custom Spanish keyboard and

 setxkbmap us -variant altgr-intl

when I want the US-AltGr international one. The exact name of the variant is found in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/es (or us, or it --- change as needed); for example, for the US variant I use, which is called "English (international AltGr dead keys)", it's here:

When you have it, open Settings -> Keyboard -> Shortcut Tab, go on Custom Shortcut, and add (with the +) the shortcuts:

Type a name and the command you need. After that, you need to click on the "Disabled" word and type your shortcut:

And you're set.

Notice though that keyboard layout switch is plagued by several and important bugs, so you will have to use a lot of patience...


What is GTK

At its simplest level - GTK is a graphical toolkit i.e. a series of libraries and a known Application Programming Interface (API) to allow developers to create applications using these predefined libraries of code.

By using such a toolkit, applications have a consistent look and feel - various graphical components will behave in a similar manner

Gnome-Shell & Unity

At their simplest level - Gnome-Shell & Unity are similarly an "application" that uses GTK to give them their look-and-feel.

I'm being highly simplistic - Gnome-Shell & Unity are complex beasts using many programming technologies, window managers etc.  They are in-fact many-many individual "applications" pulled together to provide a User Interface you interact with.

I'm counting here scripts of various sorts (python/bash etc), individual applications built in C/C++/Python/Javascript etc etc.

Conclusions

You dont need to do anything to "take advantage" unless you are yourself an aspiring developer - you just need to be aware of the underlying technologies - GTK is just one of many.

Resources:

How to know my GTK version?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTK
https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/3.10/gtk-getting-started.html
https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeShell
https://unity.ubuntu.com/getinvolved/development/unity/


APT is not working at all: "E: The value 'jessie' is invalid for APT::Default-Release as such a release is not available in the sources"

I noticed a file /etc/apt.conf.d/10apt which had things about jessie in it and turned out to be causing my problem. Deleting that file resolved the issue.


How to get back Refresh button in nautilus

I do not know how to get refresh button back, but you can press ctrl+R to refresh. Hope that helps you in some way. :)


How to restore/change Alt+Tab behaviour/ram usage and a few other things after Ubuntu upgrade from 11.04 to 11.10?

Everything solved but #3: it was the difference between Unity 2d and Unity 3d
I've found an answer to my own question: I've read about Unity and have found that there are two versions of it: Unity 2d and Unity 3d. Also I found, that default was Unity 3d, but when on start-up/log-on screen I've pressed wrench and chosen "Unity 2d" instead of "Ubuntu" from drop-down menu, all problems seem to be gone except for #3. It seems that in this menu "Ubuntu" is a nickname for Unity 3d.

Problem #3 (transparency) was asked in a separate question.


I think the real question here is...Do you really want to do all that work on a small phone screen? Theoretically, this will all work as you wish (I used to use Ubuntu on my tablet through a LinuxDeploy install to test a few things). However, it would be more practical to continue using a laptop, no?


Create a file ( Desktop File ) with this content:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Android Studio
Type=Application
Icon=/PATH/TO/ICON/studio.png
Exec=/PATH/TO/studio.sh

Change /PATH/TO/ICON/studio.png and /PATH/TO/studio.sh accordingly.
save the file as: android-studio.desktop in /usr/share/applications

Now you'll be able to search in the Dash for Android Studio


Why is size of paid/0$ apps "unknown" in USC?

This was a bug in Ubuntu software-center (Bug #911215 ).
But a fix was released and in Ubuntu 13.10 I can see the sizes of paid applications too.
For more information on this bug see: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/software-center/+bug/911215


Unity not coming up after 12.10 -> 13.04 upgrade

Try using the following commands in command-line:

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get purge unity
sudo apt-get install unity
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

You can get to command-line using CTRL-ALT-F3, and get back into the GUI mode by using CTRL-ALT-F7. You will need to log in using your username and password in CTRL-ALT-F7. The password display won't change when you type into it.

Probably not all of the above commands are going to help, but I suggest using all of them just to try to catch whatever is causing the error.


How can user mount an encrypted file container in VeraCrypt?

Warning: Only use @Pawel Debski solution if agree the following:

Any user or hacker getting access to an user account in veracryptusers group can run any commands as root, by downloading a prepared container file containing malicious code running as root.

So using that solution you might consider to use a special user profile for veracrypt. As a result, sodo is easier to use.

Steps to test the security problem:

Create a container file (ext2-4)
Copy or create a binary file (e.g. whoami)
Change binary owner to root
Add setuid to the binary
Call the binary with a non-root-user account

The binary will run with root privilege.

Hint: I added this solution as the warning at Pawel Debski is   inconspicuously. The risk is much greater than the benefit as long as the system has an internet connection.


How to check if a particular Ubuntu repository is used?

You have to check each package provided by repository individually.
If package is only a local rebuild and version string is the same as in another repository you have to check manually md5sums in /var/lib/dpkg/info/PACKAGE.md5sums (if package does not compile anything and repository structures don't differ there is no way to clarify origin).

If version strings differ you can use following code snippet:

#!/usr/bin/python
# Check original repository of installed packages from list.
# Usage: script PACKAGELIST

import apt
import sys
import re

# set values for local repository
component = "main"
archive = "experimental"
origin = "Debian"
label = "Debian"
site = "ftp.debian.org"

def main():
  try:
    pkglist = []
    f = open(sys.argv[1], "r")
    for line in f:
      if re.match('^Package: ', line):
        pkglist.append(re.sub('^Package: ', '', line).rstrip('\n'))
    f.close()

    cache = apt.Cache()
    for package in pkglist:
      pkg = cache[package]

      # check if package is installed
      if not pkg.installed:
        continue

      if pkg.installed.origins[0].component != component or \
          pkg.installed.origins[0].archive != archive or \
          pkg.installed.origins[0].origin != origin or \
          pkg.installed.origins[0].label != label or \
          pkg.installed.origins[0].site != site:
        print package
        #continue
      #else:
      #  print package + " is in repo."

  except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print "\nShutdown requested...exiting"
  except Exception, e:
    sys.stderr.write("An unecpected exeption was encountered: %s" % str(e) + "\n")
    sys.exit(1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
  main()

Usage is script PACKAGELIST e.g.:

script /var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.debian.org_debian_dists_experimental_main_binary-amd64_Packages

You also have to adjust component, archive, ... for your local archive (see related Release file under /var/lib/apt/lists).

If package is installed but not from your repository you get package name - everything is fine if not.


How to Voice Chat in Kopete for Google Talk contacts

From Kopete's handbook,

  "Since Google Talk is based upon
  Jabber, it is well supported in Kopete
  with the exception of voice chat, which is worked upon."


In short: All of the are device entries. So anything written to these items will (should) have the corresponding hardware act on it.

Longer copy/paste with lots of examples:

The /dev directory contains the special device files for all the devices. The device files are created during installation, and later with the /dev/MAKEDEV script. The /dev/MAKEDEV.local is a script written by the system administrator that creates local-only device files or links (i.e. those that are not part of the standard MAKEDEV , such as device files for some non-standard device driver).

This list which follows is by no means exhaustive or as detailed as it could be. Many of these device files will need support compiled into your kernel for the hardware. Read the kernel documentation to find details of any particular device.

/dev/dsp

Digital Signal Processor. Basically this forms the interface between software which produces sound and your soundcard. It is a character device on major node 14 and minor 3.

/dev/fd0

The first floppy drive. If you are lucky enough to have several drives then they will be numbered sequentially. It is a character device on major node 2 and minor 0.

/dev/fb0

The first framebuffer device. A framebuffer is an abstraction layer between software and graphics hardware. This means that applications do not need to know about what kind of hardware you have but merely how to communicate with the framebuffer driver's API (Application Programming Interface) which is well defined and standardized. The framebuffer is a character device and is on major node 29 and minor 0.

/dev/hda

/dev/hda is the master IDE drive on the primary IDE controller. /dev/hdb the slave drive on the primary controller. /dev/hdc , and /dev/hdd are the master and slave devices on the secondary controller respectively. Each disk is divided into partitions. Partitions 1-4 are primary partitions and partitions 5 and above are logical partitions inside extended partitions. Therefore the device file which references each partition is made up of several parts. For example /dev/hdc9 references partition 9 (a logical partition inside an extended partition type) on the master IDE drive on the secondary IDE controller. The major and minor node numbers are somewhat complex. For the first IDE controller all partitions are block devices on major node 3. The master drive hda is at minor 0 and the slave drive hdb is at minor 64. For each partition inside the drive add the partition number to the minor minor node number for the drive. For example /dev/hdb5 is major 3, minor 69 (64 + 5 = 69). Drives on the secondary interface are handled the same way, but with major node 22.

/dev/ht0

The first IDE tape drive. Subsequent drives are numbered ht1 etc. They are character devices on major node 37 and start at minor node 0 for ht0 1 for ht1 etc.

/dev/js0

The first analogue joystick. Subsequent joysticks are numbered js1 , js2 etc. Digital joysticks are called djs0 , djs1 and so on. They are character devices on major node 15. The analogue joysticks start at minor node 0 and

/dev/lp0

The first parallel printer device. Subsequent printers are numbered lp1 , lp2 etc. They are character devices on major mode 6 and minor nodes starting at 0 and numbered sequentially.

/dev/loop0

The first loopback device. Loopback devices are used for mounting filesystems which are not located on other block devices such as disks. For example if you wish to mount an iso9660 CD ROM image without burning it to CD then you need to use a loopback device to do so. This is usually transparent to the user and is handled by the mount command. Refer to the manual pages for mount and losetup . The loopback devices are block devices on major node 7 and with minor nodes starting at 0 and numbered sequentially.

/dev/md0

First metadisk group. Metadisks are related to RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) devices. Please refer to the most current RAID HOWTO at the LDP for more details. This can be found at http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Software-RAID-HOWTO.html . Metadisk devices are block devices on major node 9 with minor nodes starting at 0 and numbered sequentially.

/dev/mixer

This is part of the OSS (Open Sound System) driver. Refer to the OSS documentation at http://www.opensound.com for more details. It is a character device on major node 14, minor node 0.

/dev/null

The bit bucket. A black hole where you can send data for it never to be seen again. Anything sent to /dev/null will disappear. This can be useful if, for example, you wish to run a command but not have any feedback appear on the terminal. It is a character device on major node 1 and minor node 3.

/dev/psaux

The PS/2 mouse port. This is a character device on major node 10, minor node 1.

/dev/pda

Parallel port IDE disks. These are named similarly to disks on the internal IDE controllers (/dev/hd* ). They are block devices on major node 45. Minor nodes need slightly more explanation here. The first device is /dev/pda and it is on minor node 0. Partitions on this device are found by adding the partition number to the minor number for the device. Each device is limited to 15 partitions each rather than 63 (the limit for internal IDE disks). /dev/pdb minor nodes start at 16, /dev/pdc at 32 and /dev/pdd at 48. So for example the minor node number for /dev/pdc6 would be 38 (32 + 6 = 38). This scheme limits you to 4 parallel disks of 15 partitions each.

/dev/pcd0

Parallel port CD ROM drives. These are numbered from 0 onwards. All are block devices on major node 46. /dev/pcd0 is on minor node 0 with subsequent drives being on minor nodes 1, 2, 3 etc.

/dev/pt0

Parallel port tape devices. Tapes do not have partitions so these are just numbered sequentially. They are character devices on major node 96. The minor node numbers start from 0 for /dev/pt0 , 1 for /dev/pt1 , and so on.

/dev/parport0

The raw parallel ports. Most devices which are attached to parallel ports have their own drivers. This is a device to access the port directly. It is a character device on major node 99 with minor node 0. Subsequent devices after the first are numbered sequentially incrementing the minor node.

/dev/random or /dev/urandom

These are kernel random number generators. /dev/random is a non-deterministic generator which means that the value of the next number cannot be guessed from the preceding ones. It uses the entropy of the system hardware to generate numbers. When it has no more entropy to use then it must wait until it has collected more before it will allow any more numbers to be read from it. /dev/urandom works similarly. Initially it also uses the entropy of the system hardware, but when there is no more entropy to use it will continue to return numbers using a pseudo random number generating formula. This is considered to be less secure for vital purposes such as cryptographic key pair generation. If security is your overriding concern then use /dev/random , if speed is more important then /dev/urandom works fine. They are character devices on major node 1 with minor nodes 8 for /dev/random and 9 for /dev/urandom .

/dev/sda

The first SCSI drive on the first SCSI bus. The following drives are named similar to IDE drives. /dev/sdb is the second SCSI drive, /dev/sdc is the third SCSI drive, and so forth.

/dev/shm/

By default Ubuntu has ramdisk mounted into /dev/shm/ directory so you can just copy/move files into that dir and be sure they’ll be stored in RAM memory. That could be useful for, say, video conversion when both input and output files are stored in ramdisk — resulting performance will be better as read and write speeds are higher for ram than for hdd or any other storage. This is due to the fact CPU cannot access to HDD directly while it can do it with RAM.

/dev/ttyS0

The first serial port. Many times this it the port used to connect an external modem to your system.

/dev/vcs /dev/vcsa

virtual console memory. /dev/vcs0 is a character device with major number 7 and minor number 0, usually of mode 0644 and owner root.tty.  It refers to the memory of the currently displayed virtual console terminal. /dev/vcs[1-63] are character devices for virtual console terminals, they have major number 7 and minor number 1 to 63, usually mode 0644 and owner root.tty. /dev/vcsa[0-63] are the same, but using unsigned shorts (in host byte order) that include attributes, and prefixed with four bytes giving the screen dimensions and cursor position: lines, columns, x, y.  (x = y = 0 at the top left corner of the screen.)

/dev/zero

This is a simple way of getting many 0s. Every time you read from this device it will return 0. This can be useful sometimes, for example when you want a file of fixed length but don't really care what it contains. It is a character device on major node 1 and minor node 5.

Not a complete list but it shows the gist of these items.
Large part of it from: linux.about.com. The others by using google ;)


Not sure if this makes you feel better, but what you are observing doesn't occur in Ubuntu 16.04.  It does occur in Ubuntu 15.10 (which is what I presume you're using...or perhaps something older?).

Fortunately, I have a 16.04 and a 15.10 machine to try.  Under 16.04, I only have to enter the password once.

Not sure where the difference is, though.  I just checked and both are using the same version of bash (4.3.42).  I don't believe there are any settings in my .bash* files that is changing the behaviour...

(Perhaps you can try an Ubuntu 16.04 boot disk to confirm yourself what I'm seeing?)


Apt-mirror created offline HDD repo which errors on apt-get update

Success! I have figured out my issue. It was a couple of things.

Firstly, the issue I was having is partly a duplicate of this:

Ubuntu 16.04 apt-get update doesn't work with local repository

But I was also having an issue where the Translation-en file was for some reason not visible to the OS. To solve that problem I used the answer to this question:

How can I remove the Translation entries in apt?


Reinstate window snapping feature after reverting to Gnome Classic

By default Gnome Classic does not run compiz which has the windows snapping feature.

By choosing Applications - Other - Startup Applications you can add the following startup application compiz --replace:

You can control windows snapping via CCSM -

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager


Shell script ssh to login multiple servers with password passing from a file

Just like me and others say, this is a bad idea.

$ SSH_ASKPASS="/opt/bin/password.sh" sh -c 'setsid ssh user@localhost'

or

#!/bin/bash
SSH_ASKPASS="/opt/bin/password.sh" setsid ssh user@localhost

/opt/bin/password.sh:

#!/bin/bash
echo test1234

The idea is to set up ssh in a new session with setsid and use a ssh_pass agent to supply the password.


WUBILDR.mbr file error on windows 7 and windows 8 : UEFI boot

The last I heard, WUBI didn't work on EFI-based computers, so you won't get Linux working that way unless you re-install Windows in BIOS mode. Instead, I recommend you look at either a conventional dual-boot configuration without WUBI or run Ubuntu in a virtual machine.


Screen blurry, overflows visible area in Gnome classic on Ubuntu 11.10

OK, so this is going to sound ridiculous. But I switched the screen itself off and on again and it is working now.


Software Properties KDE is not opening after installation!

software-properties-kde is a program bundled with the KDE desktop environment for configuring what repositories are used for software sources. It requires superuser privileges, hence you are getting the error message to run it with kdesudo software-properties-kde (although I agree the error message is slightly misleading).

However, since you are using the Unity desktop environment, then I'd suggest sticking with the bundled application for configuring software sources that comes with Unity. I would suggest doing this via the GUI. i.e. Software Center > Edit > Software Sources…, similar to this answer.

(Side note: if you run software-properties-kde from the GUI in KDE, i.e. from Muon Software Centre, it will automatically attempt to run with kdesudo.)


How to download just one package from a PPA?

You really need to provide more details; it's not clear to me what you're asking.

There's no need to install all of the packages from a PPA; simply add the PPA using apt-add-repository and install the relevant package using apt-get.

Are you concerned that it depends on other packages from the PPA that you don't want to be installed? Package management was created for a reason, and I don't think going out of your way to not install listed dependencies for a package would be advisable.

Is it that you have installed some other packages form the PPA that you don't want to upgrade? Then that's completely solvable, as long as the desired package is OK with the current versions of the packages you don't want to upgrade. Simply freeze the package as described in this question: How to prevent updating of a specific package?

The Ubuntu Apps and Launchpad websites normally provides downloads for listed PPAs. In case you want Trusty's Project X, this is the link.


Dual os partitioning - is it possible to make connected hdd unrecognised?

Linux ubuntu can hide drives with udev, the device manager for the Linux kernel.
Simply create some rules for specifying the drives you want the be hidden.

The rules must be written in a file
/etc/udev/rules.d/99-hide-disks.rules

For example, you want to hide drives /dev/sda2 and /dev/sdb1, the file will be:

# file /etc/udev/rules.d/99-hide-disks.rules
KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="1"
KERNEL=="sdb2", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="1"


Try the following:

Install php for Apache with sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php

Restart apache with
sudo service apache2 restart

Place code to the /var/www/html/phpinfo.php:
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Navigate web-browser to http://localhost/phpinfo.php.

These steps will help to check that PHP is working normally.

Note: this method works for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, 20.04 LTS and 20.10 too.


Is there a tool that comprehensively shows/manages all applications?

In Ubuntu 19.04 (it will feature the majority of Gnome 3.32): A new ‘Applications‘ panel has been created by developers that offers users more control over the majority of locally installed applications, including Flatpak and repo apps, and on a per-app basis.
Access is with Settings > Applications, it lists all installed applications (repo and Flatpak, probably not AppImage but we will see).
There is a button to Open in Software where you can uninstall it.

In Ubuntu 18.04 the Ubuntu Software shows in the tab installed "regular" deb apps (installed in the Ubuntu software or via apt get install in a terminal), snap and flatpak apps but not yet AppImage apps (see thread on the latter).
And it let's you all also install snap apps as well as flatpaks app, but not yet AppImages (but volunteers are welcome).
When you click on an app, the details shows what source it uses:

Snap apps should be available and shown by default in the Ubuntu Software.
For Flatpacks you have to install a plugin. It is recommended to first add
the official Flatpak PPA to be able to install Flatpaks. To install it, run the following in a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexlarsson/flatpak
sudo apt update
sudo apt install flatpak

The Flatpak plugin for the Ubuntu Software app (which is based on GNOME Software) makes it possible to install apps without needing the command line and to see the flatpaks in the Ubuntu Software. To install, run:

sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak

You can add the Flathub repository to easily get flatpaks

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

To complete setup, restart your system. Now all you have to do is install some apps!
Source: Flatpak.org


Why are Flash applications so sluggish/crashy?

This is an issue with the Flash Player - the Linux version has some performance issues with playing video.

Your best bet for sites like YouTube that support HTML5 video is to use that instead. (See here for details.) The performance is much better.


I suggest you to use the Tor which is the best Anonymity open source software
How to install instruction Link
that run on local host (127.0.0.1:9050) port 9050 on socket5
and you can use this cool add-on Proxy Selectorto switch between the tor network or direct connection.
 hope this will help you :)


I researched the answer to my own question:

There are three phases required.

Find the font files.
Copy the missing files.
Update the font cache.

Finding the Font Files

Look inside /etc/fonts/fonts.conf. It contains a number of different directories, marked with <dir> and </dir> tags.

In practice, I found 4 directories listed, of which 3 were empty or non-existent. Note: One is probably ~/.fonts, which is on a per-user basis.

Copying the Font Files

Copy the font files from each directory into the corresponding directory on the target.

I only bothered moving the files that were missing at the destination.

Updating the Font Cache

On the destination machine, run:

sudo fc-cache -f -v

(If fc-cache is not available, you need to install fontconfig, e.g. sudo apt-get install
fontconfig)


On Xubuntu, so using the xfce desktop, and therefore with xfce4-panel, you can have as many independent taskbars as you wish. One of the items you can add to the taskbar, is the "Window Buttons". And one of the configurations of Window Buttons, is "Show windows from all monitors". It does precisely what you want.

Check image for details: https://i.imgur.com/scgnEph.png


17.04 all system icons turn into boxes and all applications become unresponsive

If these problems occur only when the laptop is running on battery power, then maybe the battery is worn out and it needs to be replaced. If these problems occur only when the laptop is running on power from the power adapter, then maybe the power adapter needs to be replaced or the adapter cable is damaged or there is a bad electrical connection to the adapter.

Before you spend money on replacing the power adapter, you can take your laptop to a computer repair shop and try renting one of their adapters.

HP Memory test that is part of the System diagnostics is sufficient to test if the memory is working properly.


bash: syntax error near unexpected token '<'

 and  are HTML tags controlling how text is displayed in the site. They leaked into the commands for some reason, and the page is full of such formatting errors:

sudo sh -e ~/Downloads/crouton -u -n chrootname

The  tags shouldn't be there.

sudo apt-get upgrade

Again,  and  tags shouldn't be present. And the  tag here:

sudo sh -e ~/Downloads/crouton -r ubuntuversion -t keyboard -u

&amp; instead of & here:

sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get upgrade

And probably other such mistakes. Consider looking for another guide or asking the author to fix these errors.


How can you do a full system scan with ClamAV on Ubuntu only?

Easily you have to exclude the windows partition

clamscan -rv --exclude=/path-to-mounting-point-of-windows-files

Or just unmount the windows disk

Details

Determine the windows disk/partition

sudo fdisk -l | grep NTFS

for example you'll get result such as

/dev/sdc1   *        2048  1953521663   976759808    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

Thus the disk/partition for windows is  /dev/sdc1.

Now you should determine what is the mounting point of this partition

mount | grep /dev/sdc1

The output would be like

/dev/sdc1 on /media/Windows type ext4 (rw)

Then the mounting point is /media/Windows

Now you can run the command again

clamscan -rv --exclude=/media/Windows


How to I check whether my installer is corrupt?

You can only check the ISO itself, not the USB drive...

To check the validity of the downloaded ISO file:

md5sum /PathToYourIso/FileName.iso
8c271271c1d94a94a1d06248176e8eaf  /PathToYourIso/FileName.iso

and then check the weird number in the front (the checksum) with the one you have to find on the web site you downloaded the file from.

Use sha1sum if the web site provides these checksums.

In your case, I suspect a problem on the USB (but that's just a hunch) Try

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/YourUSBdev

to completely wipe it before formatting.


How do I customize unity on Ubuntu 13.04?

I find Unity Tweak Tool very powerful read here: http://lifehacker.com/5982844/unity-tweak-tool-customizes-every-inch-of-your-ubuntu-desktop

Open up a terminal and do as follows:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:freyja-dev/unity-tweak-tool-daily
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

Also check out this theme call elementaryish which I think is exactly what you are looking for: http://www.noobslab.com/2013/04/elementaryish-theme-for-ubuntu.html


How do I 'cat' a text file but start from the bottom instead of top

Try the tac command, which reverses the input, line by line.

Alternatively, less is more. Start at the end of the file using +G:

less +G some-file

You might have to get used to pressing b (which jumps back a screen) instead of Space.


How to remake Ubuntu-Mate 16.04 faster and lightweight?

Ubuntu mate will need nearly more then 1 gb ram. I really doubt it is possible to speed it up.

Reference: https://ubuntu-mate.org/download/

Try lubuntu 32 bit os:

https://docs.lubuntu.net/


Allow ftp permissions for every directory

Try to open the files using the following command in a Terminal:

sudo gedit /location/of/thefile.conf

Replace /location/of/thefile.conf to the file that you want edit.


Well your question seens difficult to understand but from what i comprehend you want to do 2 things

Add desktops icons like Thrash , home folder etc
Administrator rights while using Lubuntu's file manager pcmanfm.

Solution for 1
Type this in terminal
sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
then press  Alt+F2 and type dconf-editor
Then navigate to  apps ----> nautilus ----> desktop
You might find something lke this

Just change the No value  to what you want and click on the check box (the second one should be an example)
Solution for 2
For administrator rights for the file manager pcmanfm
type
gksu pcmanfm
You could also add a .desktop shortcut for the admin privileges
Right click your desktop. Choose New > Blank file. When the dialog opens, enter the name
pcmanfm-root.desktop
and click OK.
Open the file with leafpad and enter the following (use copy and paste)

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Icon=system-file-manager
Name=PCManFM Super User
Comment=Browse the file system and manage the files
Categories=FileManager;FileManager;X-MandrivaLinux-System-FileTools;
Exec=gksu -l pcmanfm /root
StartupNotify=truegksu pcmanfm /root
Terminal=false
MimeType=x-directory/normal;inode/directory;
Encoding=UTF-8
X-Desktop-File-Install-Version=0.11

Save and exit. This will create an icon on your desktop.


Unable to `apt-get` upgrade: How can I replace corrupted `systemd` `.conf` files?

An I/O error almost always indicates a failing hard drive. Back up you important data immediately, and use SMART to make sure of that. Then get a new drive and reinstall.


What ARM tablet can I run regular Ubuntu and XBMC and hook up an external HDD...?

You can attach an external HDD to the (officially supported) nexus 7 and 10 and play videos. XBMC is not yet available for Ubuntu Touch (as far as I know). There is an XBMC for Android though.


i got the same thing but first back up your HDD and then grab your UBUNTU SETUP DISK/DRIVE and use it to go into advanced options (if you can) and select REPAIR


I found the problem: i was missing the jdk installation. I only had the jre.

apt-get install python-software-properties python g++ make ant openjdk-7-jre openjdk-7-jdk


Why does apt not display an error message even if flock is used?

dpkg (and in turn apt) doesn't use flock(2) for locking. Checking the system calls, involved, it seems they use fcntl(2):

$ sudo strace -f -e trace=desc apt install foo |& grep -B2 F_SETLK
close(4)                                = 0
open("/var/lib/dpkg/lock", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_NOFOLLOW, 0640) = 4
fcntl(4, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
fcntl(4, F_SETLK, {l_type=F_WRLCK, l_whence=SEEK_SET, l_start=0, l_len=0}) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
close(4)                                = 0

And from this SO post:

  In Linux, lockf() is just a wrapper around fcntl(), while flock()
  locks are separate (and will only work on local filesystems, not on
  e.g. NFS mounts). That is, one process can have an advisory exclusive
  flock() lock on a file, while another process has an advisory
  exclusive fcntl() lock on that same file. Both are advisory locks,
  but they do not interact.

So flock isn't effective in locking it against other package management commands. (Thinking about it... if it were, then the subsequent apt-get would have failed anyway.)

The simplest way I can think of is to create an immutable /var/lib/dpkg/lock file for the duration of the task.

touch /var/lib/dpkg/lock
chattr +i /var/lib/dpkg/lock

Or you can write a short C program (or any language that provides  an easy interface to fcntl) that uses fcntl to lock it the way dpkg does.


This is just a note, no error or something. There is no "real" package called ubuntu-private-fonts. The package in the private repository is called ttf-ubuntu-font-family, too. So, if you are an approved member of this group here, then your package will contain the monospaced font.

If you are an approved member and you added the PPA appropriately then make sure to update your package manager before updating the package itself.


Command to get the hostname of remote server using IP address

NetBIOS

Windows (and Linux devices with Samba) use NetBIOS to 'publish' their addresses. This is what NBTSTAT uses to look up the IP address.

To find a hostname in your local network by IP address you can use:

nmblookup -A <ip>

Or you can install nbtscan by running:

sudo apt-get install nbtscan

And use:

nbtscan <ip>

Multicast DNS

If systems publish their address via Multicast DNS (OS X, Windows 10 and Linux devices with a running avahi-daemon do this), do a lookup using avahi-resolve (requires installing avahi-utils):

avahi-resolve -a <ip>

Reverse DNS

If the host has a public IP-address and a working reverse DNS entry, use the dig (requires installing dnsutils) or host (requires installing bind9-host) programs:

dig -x <ip>
host <ip>


Here is what ended up working. I installed alternate Lubuntu on a USB with Unetbuntin, booted the computer and worked! Hope this will help other persons with a similar problem.


Generating, Signing and Verifying Digital Certificates

Generating private/public key pair.
1. openssl genrsa -out private.pem 1024
2. openssl rsa -in private.pem -out public.pem -outform PEM -pubout

Sign.
openssl dgst -sha256 -sign private.pem -out SLA.txt.sha256 SLA.txt

Verify
openssl dgst -sha256 -verify public.pem -signature SLA.txt.sha256 SLA.txt


You may want to see my question here:

https://askubuntu.com/questions/73765/qemu-networking-problems-when-trying-to-get-it-to-connect-with-the-host-bridgin

which may include some answers to your question.


Sorry, but to me it sounds like a memory leak or a fired piece of hardware.

I recommend trying a fresh install and inspecting your hardware for issues or loose cables.


Thunderbird: Missing folders after restore

In the original(your backup) .thunderbird  directory there should be a file that is named with a bunch of random letters and/or numbers followed by .default.  That is you profile that has all your data stored in it.  in the screen shot below it is 5euxiyvw.default

Paste that file from the backup into the new .thunderbird directory.  You will then need to open the profiles.ini file and edit the last line to match the name of the new directory.  Here is a screen shot of the file in the above screenshot. As you can see the Path= file was edited to be Path=5euxiyvw.default

Then you should only have to save the file and start Thunderbird.  Thunderbird will now be looking at the newly pasted file folder for your profile and you should have all the emails and folders that were saved locally when you backed up your .thunderbird directory.  All the setting for the old profile should be the same as well.


Default for ubuntu sessions is numlock on.

To make the default numlock off so your keyboard works:

sudo apt-get install numlockx

...then go to Startup Applications Preferences and add a new entry:


I can't install Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS alongside windows 7 system restarts

Do the following:

1-In windows 7 free up some space for Ubuntu. Keep at least 30 GB. Keep this space unallocated. Don't make it into a separate partition. You can create a separate partition using Disk Management utility of windows.

2-Now try installing but instead of choosing Install alongside Windows 7 choose Something Else

3-In there you locate the unallocated space, select it, and press the + button.

4-In the drop down list you will find option Swap Area or something like that, choose it, and make the size near about the size of your RAM, and click OK.

5-If you have a GPT disk you will have to create boot area. Not sure create anyway. It does no harm. For creating boot area select the remaining unallocated space,click +, choose Ext4 and choose the mount point as /boot. Give 1 GB max to /boot.

6-Now create the main root area. Select the remaining unallocated space, select '+', Choose Ext4, take the max size available, aand choose mount point as /.

7-Click next or continue. It might show a warning message or something. Click OK.

HOPE THIS HELPS.


You are looking for pydoc, followed by the "thing" name. In your case, pydoc pzybar.

From man pydoc:

  pydoc2.7  name  Show text documentation on something.  name may be the
  name of a Python keyword, topic, function, module, or package, or a
         dotted reference to a class or function within a module or module in a package.

You may also use pydoc3 if you have installed packages for Python3.


LXD: Shared Host Directory Permission Issues

The default container root user is 1000000
The default ubuntu user is 1001000
Your post indicates 100000 which is one 0 short.
Done it myself many times ;-)


When you get a message E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

Run only this command

sudo apt-get -f install


Found a solution that works but is not a satisfactory.
Read a post that suggested I change the settings in my router.
This worked but I now have this on all my networked devices, which is not an ideal solution.


Is it necessary to enable default-ssl in apache2

I believe default-ssl is only the configuration for SSL Enabled Websites. So, it must not be necessary for cgi-bin.

You could try locating the path needed to access your cgi-bin in default, under DocumentRoot /cgi-bin section.


VMWare Workstation 9.0.2 for Linux build 1031769. Failed to execute child process "@@BINARY@@"

In my case, the way I was able to get it to work was to make a copy of the .desktop file (vmware-workstation.desktop) located at /usr/share/applications and save it on my desktop.

Then change the permissions so it can be executed and run it from the desktop.

$ cp /usr/share/applications/vmware-workstation.desktop ./Desktop/vmware-workstation.desktop
$ cd ./Desktop
$ sudo chmod +x vmware-workstation.desktop
$ ./vmware-workstation.desktop

Fixed some spelling


Ubuntu iso customization with a different kernel version, hangs on initramfs

This is the code for the message:

 # Confirm the final format was valid.
    if [ "${UNIONFS}" != "unionfs-fuse" ]; then
        modprobe "${MP_QUIET}" -b "${UNIONFS}" || true
        if cut -f2 /proc/filesystems | grep -q "^${UNIONFS}\$"; then
            :
        else
            panic "/cow format specified as ${UNIONFS} and no support found"
        fi
    fi

1st IF is always true.
2nd IF: if union-fs can not be found in /proc/filesystems error notice.
Basically you are missing an overlay
Seems to be a bug in Casper 1.34+

Fix:

edit /shared/livecd/work/rootfs/etc/initramfs-tools/modules
add overlay.ko
run update-initramfs -u -k $(uname -r)


What do I do if I want to execute ls command everytime I do a cd to any directory?

There are 2 ways to do this. You can create an alias as LnxSlck posted or another one is creating a function in .bash_aliases

mycd(){ cd "$1" && ls; }


How to record ip connections on my machine?

"Record continuously" and "record the IPs" aren't the same. However, if you install the tcpdump package, and read man tcpdump, you should be able to accomplish what you want.


What service automatically mounts the partitions on the external drives?

Automatically mounting of external (USB) disks is usually done by the script /usr/share/usbmount/usbmount, which is called by udevd when an external disk is attached (controlled by the rules in /lib/udev/rules.d/usbmount).

usbmount by default first looks in /etc/fstab, if it can find an entry corresponding to the device name or UUID of the attached device. So, one simple solution might be to add an entry in /etc/fstab with the UUID of the filesystem, the mountpoint and the options wanted. Don't forget to add option nofailto the line, as otherwise without the disk attached the boot process will hang. Example:

UUID=9325-22B3  /mnt/tmp    vfat    defaults,nofail 0   0

Instead of defaults you may add the parameters you want to.

Unfortunately the usbmount script does not react on filesystem labels; I made changes for myself to achieve that, but that does only work with labels of specific kind.

There is an additional way to modify the behaviour of usbmount. In the file /etc/usbmount you can define mountpoints, mountoptions and filesystem specific mountoptions. So, if no corresponding entry in /etc/fstabis found, usbmount looks for options matching the filesystem(s) of the disk attached. You may edit /etc/usbmount/usbmount.conf to read (e.g.):

.
.
 FS_MOUNTOPTIONS="-fstype=vfat,gid=floppy,dmask=0007,fmask=0117"
.
.

to fit your needs for all vfat formatted partitions (change the options as you need!)

Edit: Maybe usbmount is not installed by default in ubuntu. You can install it the default way:

sudo aptupdate
sudo aptupgrade
sudo apt install usbmount


Changing the permission of utmp and wtmp

Changing it to 660 does not cause any problems if you do it through logrotate.conf. That is the proper way to do it.

You can however test it by changing it manually

sudo su
chmod 660 /var/log/wtmp

would be the 2 commands to do this. For example the command "last" will then show a "permission denied".

Setting it to 644 will cause problems though: the file will no longer be updated except for the users in the group (and there should be none in it).

Same goes for "utmp".

Commands related to these 2 files are for instance "last", "w" and "who". And you can always set the permissions back using the 2 commands I posted in the beginning of this answer.


Use Private and Public IPs to ssh outside the LAN?

What you’re looking for is port forwarding.

Option 1. If your router/gateway have public ip simply setup port forwarding on device interface/cli from public-ip:port to internal-host-ip:port. Don’t forget to open port (default 22, but most likely already used by router) on the firewall

Option 2. Setup dynamicdns.

Option 3. Use port mapping service like portmap.io. It will generate you openvpn configuration site. Then simply setup tcp mapping between external address portmap.io will provide you and port 22 on the machine you want to access.


creating directory in ftp server using ncftp command from ubuntu terminal

When using ncftp you should have the ability to create directories at both a local and remote location:

lmkdir This command creates directories on the local host
mkdir This command creates directories on the remote host

Bear in mind that you will need suitable permission on the remote host to create any directories.

Below is an example on my own ftp server, I have obscured the username and password and added in a few arrows:

andrew@corinth:~$ ncftp ftp://username:password@andrews-corner.org/andrews-corner.org/test/
NcFTP 3.2.5 (Feb 02, 2011) by Mike Gleason (http://www.NcFTP.com/contact/).
Connecting to 208.113.217.97...
DreamHost FTP Server
Logging in...
User username logged in
Logged in to andrews-corner.org.
Current remote directory is /andrews-corner.org/test.
ncftp /andrews-corner.org/test > mkdir hello_sysadminboy                      <-----
ncftp /andrews-corner.org/test > dir                                          <-----
drwxr-xr-x   14709624 227249                Sep 12 12:50   hello_sysadminboy  <-----
ncftp /andrews-corner.org/test > quit
andrew@corinth:~$

You can see from the above that I have:

Successfully logged in and automatically changed to a test directory
Created the remote directory 'hello_sysadminboy'
Tested the directory with the dir command

If you wanted to script this sort of thing something like the following works well on my system:

#!/bin/sh

ncftp ftp://username:password@andrews-corner.org/andrews-corner.org/test/<<EOF
mkdir hello_sysadminboy
dir
EOF

Unfortunately the mkdir -p command does not work remotely to create nested directories and brace expansion is ignored...


Can i upgrade ubuntu without losing my apps and files?

Yes, you can. However, the restriction is the versions you can upgrade to.

Ubuntu's versioning scheme is that 12.04 and 14.04 are LTS releases and are supported for a longer period of time than non-LTS releases, which are the releases inbetween (12.10, 13.04, 13.10). Due to support length changes before 13.04 was released, the current supported non-LTS releases are 12.10 and 13.10 (13.04 has reached End-Of-Life).

As for upgrading, you cannot directly upgrade from 12.04 (LTS) to 13.04 (non-LTS) (nor can you upgrade to 13.04 in any way, since it is EOL); You will have to go through 12.10, and then jump to 13.10. Usually, for non-LTS releases, you have to go through each version inbetween.

However, you will be able to upgrade directly from 12.04 (LTS) to 14.04 (LTS) when 14.04 is released.


Had to revert to 16.04 and install AMDGPU-Pro to get HDMI audio to work.  Thanks for the help awesome community.  Too bad I cannot be on the bleeding edge.


This would not be possible, at least since 12.04 and beyond this has not been possible. Disabling every single Unity animation would require someone to recompile Unity completely, as the animations are hard coded into it. Another option was available at one point and that was "Ubuntu 2D", but that has been marked discontinued for a good period of time.

So at this time being, there is no way of disabling the animations that appear in the Unity Dash. The only option that you could do is make the responses quicker, but that would not relate to anything dealing with the animation.


the above answer is an easy and efficient solution but if you want to install through tar.gz first you need to extract is using

tar -xvvf [filename.tar.gz]

then you need to configure the source code contained in tar.gz with command

./configure

after that do

make
make install

to install your program and you are done.

PS: you need to be present in the specific folder extracted. that's all.


Is there an iMac brightness gadget/widget?

I wrote a simple script to adjust the brightness om my iMac 27" running Ubuntu 11.10 oneiric. The script is using the gsd-backlight-helper thats also available in Ubuntu precise 12.10 so I suppose this also works in 12.10. (let me know)

My solution is to add two brightness icons on the gnome-panel. One for brightness-up and one for brightness-down. (see screenshot)

Copy the script imac-brightness.sh in your /home/USER/ directory

#!/bin/bash

# get the brightness as it is now
BRIGHTNESS=$(pkexec /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gsd-backlight-helper --get-brightness)

# Get the maximum possible brightness to set
MAXBRIGHTNESS=$(pkexec /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gsd-backlight-helper --get-max-brightness )

# If the user want to set the brightness higher than now the
# script is calles with the argument --up
# ./imac_brightness.sh --up
if [ $1 == "--up" ];
   then
    # Check if we got more brightness steps left to raise the brightness
    if [ $BRIGHTNESS -lt $MAXBRIGHTNESS ] ;
        then
        pkexec /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gsd-backlight-helper --set-brightness $(($BRIGHTNESS + 1 ));
    fi
fi

# If the user want to set the brightness lower than now the
# script is calles with the argument --down
# ./imac_brightness.sh --down
if [ $1 == "--down" ]
   then
    # Check if the brightness is't  as low as 1.
    # We won't go lower than 1
    if [ $BRIGHTNESS -gt 1 ] ;
        then
       pkexec /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gsd-backlight-helper --set-brightness $(($BRIGHTNESS - 1 ));
    fi
fi

Make the script executable

chmod 755 ./imac-brightness.sh

Copy the brightness-icons in your home directory (or wherever you want, as long if you know where you put them)

Now add the icons to the gnome panel (Mouse pointer on the gnome-panel and press left Alt key + right mouse button)

For Brightness DOWN

add to panel
Custom Application Launcher
Name: Brightness Down
Command: /home/USER/imac_brightness.sh --down
Select the Brightness Down icon

For Brightness UP

add to panel
Custom Application Launcher
Name: Brightness Up
Command: /home/USER/imac_brightness.sh --up
Select the Brightness Up icon

Notice the double "-" (minus sign) in --up and --down

Now you got two Icon on your gnome-panel. Simply click the Up or Down to adjust the brightness.


Widget or taskbar indicator to show my IP + IP Geo Location

If you can write a script or one-liner terminal command to obtain your IP and/or Geo IP location, then refer to this answer and swap in your code.


Ubuntu Server 18.04: How to use a preinstalled image?

Yes, download the server image and then use Balena Etcher to flash the SD card.

To get the latest server image go to:
https://ubuntu.com/download/raspberry-pi

For installation instructions see:
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/how-to-install-ubuntu-on-your-raspberry-pi#1-overview

This tutorial suggests using the Raspberry Pi Installer to flash the SD card, but you can also use Balena Etcher.


How to check when was the last time anacron successfully run?

When cronjobs fails to run you will get an e-mail in /var/mail/user.
This e-mail will contain a line like this:

  Subject: Cron <root@server28> test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily ) (failed)

...

Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2012 06:25:05 +0100 (CET)

/etc/cron.daily/logrotate: error: error running non-shared postrotate script for /var/log/fail2ban.log of '/var/log/fail2ban.log ' run-parts: /etc/cron.daily/logrotate exited with return code 1

You can  see the time and which cronjob failed to run.


How to install Ubuntu on a single partition

You have already 3 primary partitions as you said you can create just one more primary in that case why not create a logical partition for the unallocated then split it for swap and Ubuntu

To create logical partition install Gparted when running on Ubuntu live Usb

In Gparted use the shrink option by right clicking unallocated space then create swap and os space

After this start the installation and choose something else


How to change Gedit embeded terminal plugin colors?

The OP is asking about a problem in Gedit embedded terminal plugin.

The only problem here is that the colour scheme is not good i.e., white prompt on light grey background makes it almost impossible to work. To change the colour scheme follow the next series of steps:

Open dconf-editor. If it is not installed, install it through the following command :

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

Once installed, execute it using the following command :

dconf-editor

In the dconf editor window, go to org->gnome->gedit->plugins->terminal

deselect the use-theme-colors option.
clear palette settings
set foreground color: #FFFFFF
set background color: #000000

Now restart the gedit program.

Observe that a colour scheme of black prompt over light background is now active.


nohup literally means no hang up ie. make the process ignore closure of the terminal. If you do not use nohup, then your process will be killed when you close the terminal (logout).

& means run in background. Your key presses go to the foreground process. So if you use & the process you start will not get your key presses.

The downside of what you propose (to run each process on a spare terminal) is that you will run out of spare terminals. You might want to look into using screen, which enables you to create terminals dynamically (ctrl-a c). Then you can start every process in a different terminal. You can also make the scrollback buffer huge (eg. 5000 lines) so you can scroll back and see all of the log data without having to redirect it to files.


I lose keyboard and mouse focus during installation onto VirtualBox?

At the bottom right of your Virtualbox window, you have a key specified (Right Ctrl by default I think) calle "Host Key". Here is an example (sorry it is french localized)

This is the key you have to press to exit from Virtualbox window and come back to your host system.

Later when your virtual system will be installed, you will be able to install VirtualBox Guest Additions to have your mouse and your keybord focus automatically and correctly handled between your host and your virtual system.

The host key can be configured in general settings (not settings for your virtual host, but for the whole Virtualbox application)


Bluetooth headphones HSP/HFP mutilates audio, microphone still doesn't work

You seem to be confused on what the profiles do. The HSP profile supports mic and sound mind you the sound quality is poor and mono only. The A2DP profile does not support mic and sound at same time but the sound quality is usually better and stereo instead of just mono. I had a similar problem and the best I could do since I wanted good sound and no mic was to always use the A2DP profile.


How can I force apt to optimize the dependency tree for minimal download size?

You could always have apt list all the dependencies then by hand you could install the packages that you would rather install but I've searched man pages and several forums but I could not answer your exact question other than rewriting the source to apt that's how opensource works anyways.


PDFs can be downloaded easily by wget command as mentioned below

#wget -c pdf_url_link_here

and if you want to download all available PDF files from multiple websites in once. kindly make a text file(website_list) with websites name as I have made a file and play below-mentioned one-liner script

#wget -c $(for website in $(cat websites_list); do     lynx -cache=0 -dump -listonly "$website" | awk '/.pdf$/{print $2}';done)


Depending on your hardware the sensors on your motherboard need additional calibration. Unfortunately the standard values given in /etc/sensors.conf and in /etc/sensors3.conf can only give you rough estimates because of variations in your hardware.

However there is nothing that can't be set up. There are many self-explanatory notes in the sensors.conf file and you will also find additional information in man sensors.conf on how to do this.

If your really need precise values there is no way other than taking a thermometer and measure yourself for setting up the calibration. This can take hours as you need to measure at different temperatures. Such precise values are not really needed for a normal hardware setup. If you feel like overclocking then maybe you need at least calibrate the upper limits to avoid hardware damage.

If you use the lm-sensors panel applet then you also have access to a GUI to ease calibration.


Why Network Manager is not available to new user accounts in 16.04? Why nm-applet does not start for new users?

If you know the name of your network device, try ipconfig device up
If you don't know the name of the device, try ifconfig and iwconfig and look for the device name. If you don't see the device name, or you don't know where to find it, update your original post with the output of the commands.


Installing from bios with no current os, help

Well you will need a working windows or ubuntu running computer to make a usb bootable disk for installing ubuntu on your laptop. 8gb flash drive should be enough for this job. download the setup iso file from official ubuntu website. go for the iso with AMD64 architecture. Then if you are making the usb on windows, download RUFUS and on linux based systems you can use etcher for making bootable usb drives. The process is straight forward from there. (both software) select the .iso file, select the drive. and start. For rufus you might want to use dd mode.

The laptop should detect and load the setup menu automatically. if not then google your laptop model for startup boot selection key. everything else should be fine.


My terminal takes a long time to respond to a command?

This is almost certainly due to NSS. sudo (or any other program which needs to resolve names) may take a long time if it has to look up usernames or host names over the network.

First, try to understand which one is causing trouble. Take a look at nsswitch.conf, or make a test with other NSS aware programs, like ping or chmod. If you have anything network-related configured for users (LDAP, NIS etc.), check that those services are available. If pinging your own host also takes lots of time, the issue is probably with hostname resolution, and you'll need to fix your DNS settings.

Checking /etc/hosts and /etc/passwd may also be worth a try, but I wouldn't expect failures with local files to introduce a 30 second delay.


How to run a packet from archive manager

sleepyhead sleep tracking software can be installed in Ubuntu 16.04 and later from the default Ubuntu repositories or from the terminal with the following command:

sudo apt install sleepyhead

For information about usage type:

man sleepyhead
cat /usr/share/doc/sleepyhead/usage.html


Error while updating R in ubuntu 14.04 trusty

I don't know where you copied those commands from, but they subsituted pretty quotes (‘’) instead of '. See:

sudo add-apt-repository ‘deb

Use ' instead:

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://star-www.st-andrews.ac.uk/cran/bin/linux/ubuntu/trusty/'


Long running kiosk application eats up memory without freeing it

The memory is not "available", it has been allocated for use by a program. These programs are called "memory hogs". Use commands like top and ps -eF (and, of course man top;man ps) to see which program has the most memory allocated. Then, fix that program.


Can I play internet radio that uses the .aspx format in Ubuntu?

.aspx is the tipical extension for a web page created with the ASP .Net framework, so it's simply not a media file but a container for a web page.

You can investigate all the components presents in that page with some key command, i.e. in Firefox do a CTRL+I and select the media tab, you can browse all the media in that page and reach all the linked contents.

this is probably what you are looking for:

http://www.mediacorpradio.sg/radioliveplayer/asx/xfm963/fm963.asx

and in this case VLC is better than Banshee.


Ripping a CD: how to write ISRCs into ID3 tags?

It's not in the repos, but there is a snap etc of a software called fre:ac.
fre:ac can be set to write the ISRC into a ID3-Tag labeled "ISRC".


12.04.4 server can't verify common SSL certificates, usual fixes failing

I also have this problem, try this:

openssl s_client -host google.com -port 443

this command will also print a cert chain, the last one is:

s:/C=US/O=GeoTrust Inc./CN=GeoTrust Global CA

i:/C=US/O=Equifax/OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority

so you also need https://www.geotrust.com/resources/root_certificates/certificates/Equifax_Secure_Certificate_Authority.pem.

This cert path is different with cert path showed in browser (IE, Firefox, Chrome), I don't know why, but this fix my problem.


20.04 Google Chrome opens but freezes when I enter full screen in YouTube, or when I resize it and then maximize it

It is probably due to latest versions of the chrome, can you try disabling Hw acceleration,  it must be in settings->advance->system


Easy way to do that is to open the terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) , and follow the steps :

go to Your home folder , there should be .wine directory that contains /drive_c directory, open them

  kocurr@ux:~$ cd ~/.wine/drive_c

Look for folder / files that You would like to copy to Your desktop

  kocurr@ux:~$ ls
  FOLDER Program Files  users  windows

Copy folder / files that You wanted to Your desktop for example:
a) as for directory :

  cp -r FOLDER/ ~/Desktop/

b) as for files :

  cp FOLDER/file_1 FOLDER/file_N  ~/Desktop/


My Ubuntu 12.10 does not show the wireless network list

Try this. Simply uncheck Eneble Wi-fi (in the network menu by the volume control) and check it again. It worked for me with similar issue.


Ubuntu 12.04 GUI doesn't load after Virtualbox crash

I have same error on my Ubuntu 12.04 Server and I fixed with:

rm /var/run
mkdir /var/run
reboot


Your system is telling you exactly what to do here:

dpkg: error processing package hwdata (--configure):
 package is in a very bad inconsistent state; you should
 reinstall it before attempting configuration

Simply re-install the package using apt, like so:

sudo apt --reinstall install hwdata

This should silence any DPKG errors and fix the package. If you need to, repeat this with any other inconsistent packages (if any).


The OP resolved the issue by installing Xubuntu

  i installed Xubuntu and my machine is now way quicker. I still get the glitch but have only had it once so far.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=11521040&postcount=3


It looks like you haven't finished downloading XAMPP. Are you sure you have the correct file (xampp-linux-1.8.2.tar.gz) for your command? Also, make sure you include a dash before xfvz, so that it reads sudo tar -xfvz xampp-linux-1.8.2.tar.gz -C /opt.


WiFi and Bluetooth coexistence: Qualcomm Atheros ar9462: Ubuntu 16.04

Since yours is an Atheros wireless device and not an Intel, it is not surprising that a driver parameter for an Intel is not working. Let's try a better option:

sudo -i
rm /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-opt.conf
echo "options ath9k btcoex_enable=1"  >  /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf
exit

Reboot and let us hear your report.


For my distribution of Xubuntu, Alt+Tab cycles through open windows. To change this shortcut, go to Settings > Window Manager > Keyboard, find the 'Cycle windows' action, and hit the edit button.


I guess something wrong in your .alias or .bashrc file.
You can try to remove all the alias, connected to cd. See if something is wrong, using:

cat $HOME/.alias | grep 'cd '

or

cat $HOME/.bashrc | grep 'cd '

If something is wrong indeed, then open it with nano and remove / fix this wrong line.

nano $HOME/.alias
source  $HOME/.alias

or

nano $HOME/.bashrc
source  $HOME/.bashrc


Bluetooth turning on, but cannot scan any device on Ubuntu 16.04

The fix is to open terminal and then enter
bluetoothctl
This opens the bluetooth control in terminal, then enter the command to power the bluetooth device with
power on
And finally turn scanning on
scan on

If more commands are needed type help


where is the code file resposible for increasing and decreasing screen brightness

I am not clear about your question. However, looking at the topic of your question I can propose the following commands to try and change the screen brightness. Follow the link for the script.

If you need to set your brightness to 50%

select the primary display

DEV=$(xrandr -q | grep connected | grep primary | cut -d' ' -f1)

adjust the brightness

xrandr --output "$DEV" --brightness "0.5"

Script:
[https://github.com/kusal-rabbie/dont-lift/blob/master/bl][1]


If you go to System Settings - or type "user" in the dash - you should see an icon there for user settings.

If you are the administrator, which you most likely are unless you're using Ubuntu on a network, say at work, your own login is enough. Click on that icon to open the follwoing window:

Click on the Unlock symbol in the top right corner to enter your credentials (administrator rights required):

Then click on the + symbol on the bottom left side to enter a new user as this:

Choose the account type "Standard" or "Administrator".

The account will be disabled until a password was given. To do so click on "Account disabled" next to password:

Then enter a password for the new account:

Log out and you will have the choice now to log in as that user.

Normally you will be the admin user and since Ubuntu doesn't give you root but rather allows you to run with root permissions via sudo, it isn't meaningful to have root as a user to log in.

You can create a password for root. Not sure if that's worthwhile, as Ubuntu specifically avoids that path.


apt sources.list disabled on upgrade to 12.04

Install Y PPA Manager mate, it's really intuitive: http://www.webupd8.org/2012/10/y-ppa-manager-0092-released-with-new.html


As conveyed in the error message, you should compile the code using -std=c99 or -std=gnu99. So, for example, your file is filename.c, then compile using:

gcc -std=c99 filename.c

which will produce a binary a.out if there are no more errors. If you don't want to use this option, you can declare i before the for loop as follows:

int i;
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++)

and compile it using:

gcc filename.c


Facing problem in partitioning in ubuntu installation ( alongside windows)

In a "standard" configuration, it would be the /dev/sdc2 partition.

Assuming you are using gparted, there is a drive toggle up to the right, where you can select the third drive (corresponding to E:).


Netbook running ubuntu 11.10 screen backlight never comes back after it dims

There is already a bug report on Launchpad for your problem and I think that it should be solved soon; if you can't wait, there are some tricks suggested in the comments of that bug.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/872652


Installed PHP I need to Get write the timezone

Run the following command as sudo user:

sudo timedatectl set-timezone your_time_zone

For example, to change the system's timezone to Asia/Calcutta:

sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Calcutta

Run the timedatectl command to verify the changes:

timedatectl

           Local time: Thu 2019-01-24 00:27:43 CET
           Universal time: Wed 2019-01-23 23:27:43 UTC
           RTC time: Wed 2019-01-23 23:27:44
           Time zone: Asia/Calcutta
System clock synchronized: yes
systemd-timesyncd.service active: yes

OR

You can change timezone to modify php.ini file.
Open the php. ini file and go to ;date.timezone =

Uncomment this line and modify it

date. timezone=time_zone

Example:

date. timezone=Asia/Kolkata

Change the default timezone settings by adding your new timezone by modifying this line: date. timezone=Asia/Kolkata
Save it and Restart the Apache server.


Open a terminal in that directory and run the following commands:
$ chmod +x Installer
$ ./Installer


Was /media mount point location a planned change?

The /media directory for temporary mount points has been here already for a while when it came to USB sticks and other removable media. I assume that this is just extending the same logic: mount the available resources to /media/xxxx, unless otherwise specified.


How to completely suppress output of a command?

This should do the trick
script -qec "echo foo | sudo -S ls > /dev/null 2>/dev/null " > /dev/null

Keep in mind there are security concerns if you wish to pass password as an argument to your script, or store it in a script file.


Thinkpad trackpoint and trackpoint keys disabled after suspend

Having to unload and reload the psmouse driver when resuming from suspend is a common problem. You can automate the process with a script though:

Create a new file in the  /lib/systemd/system-sleep/ directory containing:

#!/bin/bash

case $1/$2 in
  pre/*)
    echo "Going to $2..."
    # Place your pre suspend commands here, or `exit 0` if no pre suspend action required
    modprobe -r psmouse
    ;;
  post/*)
    echo "Waking up from $2..."
    # Place your post suspend (resume) commands here, or `exit 0` if no post suspend action required
    sleep 2
    modprobe psmouse
    ;;
esac

Make it executable:

sudo chmod a+x /lib/systemd/system-sleep/script-name

After the next reboot, the script will be active.

A script like this has worked for many people over the years. Of course your other option would be trying the previous kernel version and if it works sticking with it.


Error linking standard header file in gcc

itoa doesn't seem to be ANSI C++ and thus is very likely to be not supported by gcc.

According to this source, a the following workaround is suggested:

This function is not defined in ANSI-C and is not part of C++, but is supported by some compilers.

A standard-compliant alternative for some cases may be sprintf:

    sprintf(str,"%d",value) converts to decimal base.
    sprintf(str,"%x",value) converts to hexadecimal base.
    sprintf(str,"%o",value) converts to octal base.

A sprintf reference can be found here.


So found out that the issue was not with ubuntu but with the speakers, I should have run the system diagnostics first and then tried to see if the issue was with the software,

For anyone else who might be experiencing a sound issue,

Please run System Diagnostics first (Press F12 while booting)  and see if you are able to hear the sound from the speaker,
If that is not working try to run a Ubuntu/any other distro without installing and do a sound test.

If both of these are not working the issue might be with the hardware. If one of them is not working try to see if it is a problem with pulse audio, or if your system audio is set to 0 through alsamixer.


How can I find out where `apt install` has installed the program (and when)?

There are many ways you can accomplish this, my common fallback (because its simple) is

apt-file show chromium-browser

You'll have to add apt-file if you choose this method.

guiverc@d960-ubu2:~$   apt-file show chromium-browser
chromium-browser: /etc/chromium-browser/customizations/00-example
chromium-browser: /etc/chromium-browser/default
chromium-browser: /etc/default/chromium-browser
chromium-browser: /usr/bin/chromium-browser
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/MEIPreload/manifest.json
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/MEIPreload/preloaded_data.pb
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/WidevineCdm/manifest.json
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/chrome-sandbox
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/chrome_100_percent.pak
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/chrome_200_percent.pak
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/chromium-browser
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/headless_lib.pak
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/icudtl.dat
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/keyboard_resources.pak
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/libs
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/locales/en-US.pak
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/mus_app_resources_100.pak
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/mus_app_resources_200.pak
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/mus_app_resources_strings.pak
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/natives_blob.bin
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/resources.pak
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/snapshot_blob.bin
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/swiftshader/libEGL.so
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/swiftshader/libGLESv2.so
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/transport_security_state_generator
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/v8_context_snapshot.bin
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/views_mus_resources.pak
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/xdg-mime
chromium-browser: /usr/lib/chromium-browser/xdg-settings
chromium-browser: /usr/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop
chromium-browser: /usr/share/apport/package-hooks/chromium-browser.py
chromium-browser: /usr/share/doc/chromium-browser/README.source
chromium-browser: /usr/share/doc/chromium-browser/changelog.Debian.gz
chromium-browser: /usr/share/doc/chromium-browser/copyright
chromium-browser: /usr/share/doc/chromium-browser/copyright.problems.gz
chromium-browser: /usr/share/gnome-control-center/default-apps/chromium-browser.xml
chromium-browser: /usr/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/chromium-browser.png
chromium-browser: /usr/share/icons/hicolor/22x22/apps/chromium-browser.png
chromium-browser: /usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/apps/chromium-browser.png
chromium-browser: /usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/chromium-browser.png
chromium-browser: /usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/chromium-browser.png
chromium-browser: /usr/share/icons/hicolor/64x64/apps/chromium-browser.png
chromium-browser: /usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/chromium-browser.svg
chromium-browser: /usr/share/lintian/overrides/chromium-browser
chromium-browser: /usr/share/man/man1/chromium-browser.1.gz
chromium-browser: /usr/share/pixmaps/chromium-browser.png

fyi: the extra spaces before the command (after my prompt) were so the command didn't show in my history. this of course doesn't work if you're remote (eg. you ssh'd into your box), or its been secured to prevent this.

If its a box you want to keep light though, I'd recommend dpkg -L as @steeldriver suggested (it is installed by default), and is likely the tool used by apt-show anyway :)

As for when, you could use something like

zcat /var/log/apt/hist* |grep chromium-browser -B 2 -A 2

which searches my logs for "chromium-browser"; displaying that line (plus 2 lines before & after it to ensure I see the date/time). This is what @AlexP referred to in his comment. An example of the output for my box included

Start-Date: 2017-11-16  13:53:13
Commandline: apt install glances htop iftop cowsay fortune figlet nfs-common chromium-browser
Requested-By: guiverc (1000)
Install: python-six:amd64 (1.10.0-4, automatic), ttf-bitstream-vera:amd64 (1.10-8, automatic), fortune-mod:amd64 (1:1.99.1-7), fonts-lyx:amd64 (2.2.3-1, automatic), python3-pystache:amd64 (0.5.4-6, automatic), liblapack3:amd64 (3.7.1-3ubuntu2, automatic), javascript-common:amd64 (11, automatic), python3-dateutil:amd64 (2.6.0-1, automatic), iftop:amd64 (1.0~pre4-4), figlet:amd64 (2.2.5-3), blt:amd64 (2.5.3+dfsg-3, automatic), python2.7-minimal:amd64 (2.7.14-2ubuntu2, automatic), python2.7:amd64 (2.7.14-2ubuntu2, automatic), python3-netifaces:amd64 (0.10.4-0.1build4, automatic), libjs-jquery:amd64 (3.1.1-2, automatic), python-matplotlib-data:amd64 (2.0.0+dfsg1-2ubuntu3, automatic), python3-matplotlib:amd64 (2.0.0+dfsg1-2ubuntu3, automatic), fortunes-min:amd64 (1:1.99.1-7, automatic), python3-psutil:amd64 (5.0.1-1build2, automatic), libquadmath0:amd64 (7.2.0-8ubuntu3, automatic), python3-numpy:amd64 (1:1.12.1-3.1ubuntu4, automatic), python:amd64 (2.7.14-2ubuntu1, automatic), python3-cycler:amd64 (0.10.0-1, automatic), librecode0:amd64 (3.6-23, automatic), htop:amd64 (2.0.2-1), python3-pyparsing:amd64 (2.1.10+dfsg1-1, automatic), python3-docker:amd64 (1.9.0-1, automatic), libpython-stdlib:amd64 (2.7.14-2ubuntu1, automatic), hddtemp:amd64 (0.3-beta15-52, automatic), chromium-browser:amd64 (62.0.3202.89-0ubuntu0.17.10.1386), libgfortran4:amd64 (7.2.0-8ubuntu3, automatic), python3-pysnmp4:amd64 (4.3.2-2, automatic), libtirpc1:amd64 (0.2.5-1.2, automatic), libjs-jquery-ui:amd64 (1.12.1+dfsg-5, automatic), tk8.6-blt2.5:amd64 (2.5.3+dfsg-3, automatic), glances:amd64 (2.10-2), python3-tk:amd64 (3.6.3-0ubuntu1, automatic), python3-tz:amd64 (2017.2-2, automatic), lm-sensors:amd64 (1:3.4.0-4, automatic), python3-influxdb:amd64 (4.1.1-1, automatic), libblas3:amd64 (3.7.1-3ubuntu2, automatic), chromium-browser-l10n:amd64 (62.0.3202.89-0ubuntu0.17.10.1386, automatic), cowsay:amd64 (3.03+dfsg2-3), python3-websocket:amd64 (0.44.0-0ubuntu2, automatic), rpcbind:amd64 (0.2.3-0.6, automatic), python-minimal:amd64 (2.7.14-2ubuntu1, automatic), python3-bottle:amd64 (0.12.13-1, automatic), nfs-common:amd64 (1:1.3.4-2.1ubuntu2), libjs-angularjs:amd64 (1.5.10-1, automatic), libjs-lodash:amd64 (4.17.4+dfsg-1, automatic), python3-pyasn1:amd64 (0.1.9-2, automatic), libnfsidmap2:amd64 (0.25-5.1, automatic), cowsay-off:amd64 (3.03+dfsg2-3, automatic)
End-Date: 2017-11-16  13:54:13


How do I get a Dell Wireless 1350 adapter working?

This is a quite common problem, first of all you should check that you've installed the restricted drivers for your wireless adapter. You can find these if you just search for "driver" in the Unity search bar. After installing these, you might get it to work.

If it still does not work, you might need to try other options. I would recommend you read the following:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessTroubleShootingGuide

Here's another link that I found by searching askubuntu for other questions regarding wireless connectivity on Dell laptops:

http://blog.tech4him.com/2011/09/broadcom-wireless-on-ubuntu-11-04-and-11-10/

Good luck!


You can continue to run from your thumb drive as is, this is a Persistent install if you have provided "extra space".

I am not afraid of wearing out thumb drives from overuse, my entertainment center runs off one and has been used daily for years.

If you do not want the Try/Install screen, replace the contents of the file syslinux.cfg with:

[CODE]    default persistent
    label persistent
      say Booting a persistent Ubuntu session...
      kernel /casper/vmlinuz
      append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper persistent initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash noprompt --[/CODE]

You can also do a Full install to thumb drive.
Just disable your internal HDD and install to an 8GB or larger thumb drive as normal.


Which RDP client have possibility to mount disks from client PC?

I've just tried rdesktop from command line. To mount your local hard drives you can use rdesktop with -r option command ... It's working :)


Is a virus scanner really needed with wine?

Well, a "Windows Virus" is not going to run without Wine, and if you see that wine is running while you are not really using it, you should see what program is actually using it. But it's very unlikely that you will get a virus that way, I can't say it's imposible, but now you know how to detect one if it exists.

So I would not be worried about wine and viruses, because if you get one, it will be through your internet browser or mail for sure.


why it didn't work is simple: you used a kernel (3.8) that didn't have yet support for dpm - go with kernel 3.11 / Ubuntu 13.10

if you use a linux distribution with 3.11 it most likely includes an updated version of Mesa (9.2) that offers UVD (hardware video acceleration) for radeon cards too.

to check if everything went fine after setting radeon.dpm=1 in grub:

modinfo radeon
vermagic:       3.11.0-4-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
parm:           dpm:DPM support (1 = enable, 0 = disable, -1 = auto) (int)

dmesg | grep dpm
[drm] radeon: dpm initialized

more info:
http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTQyNDE


I found out by using the -u flag with the argument critical it will force it to show, a workaround.

notify-send -u critical foobar "foobar is a nice word"


Front headphone jack not being recognized

I had this exact problem. My solution:

1) open PulseAudio control

2)go to the configuration tab.

3)select analog stereo duplex to use the computers built in audio&mic.

Reference from question answered here.

It may help. Worked for me.


folder/file share between ubuntu gnome and lubuntu

Lacking reputation point to comment on your question in order to ask for more information... I can't really help you with setting up file sharing via Samba.

What I can do is suggest you use Syncthing or Demonsaw to share files on local network. Both applications should be able to recognize other machines on a local network without needing a running internet connection.


With admin privileges, edit /etc/sane.d/epkowa.conf.
add the line:

`net 192.168.X.XX'

Replace the X's with the actual location of your printer.
This should allow iscan to find your scanner.


Your disc drive being checked for errors?

Every so often (More or less after 30 reboots) your hard drives will be checked bu the system. This is normal. Does not mean your hard drive has a problem, it is just routine for the system to make sure everything is ok.

If you do a man fstab there is a part that talks about the sixth field of the fstab file in /etc/fstab which says:

   The  sixth field, (fs_passno), is used by the fsck(8) program to deter‐
   mine the order in which filesystem checks are done at reboot time.  The
   root  filesystem  should  be specified with a fs_passno of 1, and other
   filesystems should have a fs_passno of 2.  Filesystems within  a  drive
   will  be checked sequentially, but filesystems on different drives will
   be checked at the same time to utilize  parallelism  available  in  the
   hardware.   If  the sixth field is not present or zero, a value of zero
   is returned and fsck will assume that the filesystem does not  need  to
   be checked.

The fields in fstab are (if you do a nano /etc/fstab ):

      Field 1        Field 2     Field 3  Field 4       Field 5   Field 6
   <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>


I suggest installing the same deb file again. Then you will be able to remove it.


More emoji system wide (especially on empathy)

I doubt you could add new set instead you can have a workaround.

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/icons/gnome/16x16/emotes/

Now download the set of emoctions to this directory, so you can can override empathy icon theme on a per user basis by installing the similarly named .png icon.

Now you have to rename those icons to the same name of the default which is founded in /usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/emotes.

Then all you have is to close then start again empathy and you could use the new set instead of the default one


How can I install OpenSSH_7.6p1 on ubuntu 16.04?

Try building this after you uninstall your current version.

wget "http://mirrors.evowise.com/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-7.4p1.tar.gz"

If you encounter errors, try

sudo apt install -y build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev

Then rebuild the source :-)

Hope that helps :-)


Moving large QEMU image files from damaged HDD to new drive impossible

Allright pv did the trick with option -EE


ubuntu 14.04 flash drive install not booting unless UEFI

weird thing guys the problem was the flash drive, i was using a 8 GB "Kingston DataTraveler 2.0", then i switch to a 8G kingston G3 and it worked just fine, problem solved, i guess i'll have to figure out what's wrong with the defective flash drive, worked one way and not the other.
Thanks for the answers


From a terminal while you're logged in try:

sudo shutdown -h now


How can I close the lid on my HP Pavilion g7 running Ubuntu 11.10 without crashing it?

First, start by going to the power cog in the upper-right hand corner of the screen and clicking 'System Settings".

You will see a screen like the following:

Click "Power", then change what happens when you close the lid to something other then "Hibernate".

Hope that helps!


Ubuntu is not detecting wireless router Cisco dpc3825. Newbie to Ubuntu, can connect via Ethernet cable, but no wireless detection

Please try an earlier bcmwl-kernel-source as mentioned here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1110139/comments/42 With a temporary wired ethernet connection, please open a terminal and do:

wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_5.100.82.112+bdcom-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i bcmwl*.deb

Reboot and give us your report.


Issue with Metasploit/Armitage install on Ubuntu

I've found this fix, works for me:

Edit Gemfile.lock with your favorite text editor where it says: msgpack (0.6.0)
To say: msgpack (0.5.12)
Then you have to run:
bundle install
Run armitage

You will have to do this each time you run msfupdate.


Toshiba Satellite L745-S4110 brightness keys not working

I would try changing the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor" in /etc/default/grub.

Then run sudo update-grub.


I believe there's something wrong with the mirror server and since you don't have a gui to change the Download location, you can try this:

sudo nano etc/apt/sources.list
then find http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu and replace it with http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu.

More info here: How do I change mirrors in Ubuntu Server from regional to main?
Tell me if that helps.


Cannot install mysql-server-5.5/the following packages have unmet dependicies

Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get purge mysql-client-core-5.6
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt install mysql-client-core-5.5
sudo apt install mysql-server

Both MySQL database core client and MySQL Server packages will be the same version 5.5. MySQL Client 5.5 and MySQL Server 5.5 are the current "best" versions of these packages in Ubuntu 14.04 as determined by the package maintainers. If you would rather install MySQL Client 5.6 and MySQL Server 5.6 you can also find the mysql-client-core-5.6 and mysql-server-5.6 packages in the Ubuntu Software Center. The important thing is that the client and server version numbers match in either case.

In Ubuntu 16.04 and 18.04 the names of these two packages are mysql-client-core-5.7 and mysql-server-5.7.


Looks like we can't do it directly.

Answer from Lubuntu Dev (who doesn't have enough time for Lubuntu anymore):
https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/lubuntu-users/2012-March/000826.html

But you can support LXDE: https://salt.bountysource.com/teams/lxle


Deleted \home, files were backed up, computer froze and now I can't log in

Try the command sudo mkhomedir_helper <username>. That should recreate the user folder with the right permissions and minimum required dot files.

Alternatively you could try the following, which should have the same effect:

sudo mkdir /home/username
sudo cp /etc/skel/* /home/username/
sudo chown -R username:username /home/username


Yes, it's due to your graphics card. GNOME Shell checks for certain features, and falls back to the classic mode, if they are not available.


Where can I find a minimal installation CD for Lubuntu 11.10?

All flavors of Ubuntu 11.10, including Lubuntu, have been 'end-of-lifed', which means they are not supported anymore so I do not think you will be able to find a download for it, but even if you do, I strongly suggest not to install it, for it will not receive important security updates. For more version info, here is a great site: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases.

Hope this helped!


Incompatibility between Conky and Ubuntu SDK?

Conky 1.10.1 has all kinds of problems for myself and others. Downgrading to Conky 1.9 seems the simplest solution. To downgrade and freeze Conky at version 1.9 use:

sudo apt-get remove --purge conky-std conky-all
wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/c/conky/conky-all_1.9.0-6build1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install gdebi
sudo gdebi conky-all_1.9.0-6build1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-mark hold conky-all


Access denied when trying to access server with PuTTY "invalid user" "failed password"

I figured out to solve the problem.

The account name had to be written in lower case.


I think you can monitor it like this:

using ps, get the PID and the log fd, e.g.

$ ps aux | grep duplicity
username  12345 97.2  4.9 878235 345123 ?       Rsl  02:21  15:02 python2 /usr/bin/duplicity --exclude=/run/media/..... --tempdir=/home/username/.cache/deja-dup/tmp --log-fd=18

The PID is 12345, and the file descriptor is 18.

Then go to /proc/PID/fd (/proc/12345/fd) and instead of trying to tail the file descriptor 18, use cat or grep.

$ cat 18

This shows way too much info for me.  90% of it are my exclude globs.

$ grep "examining path" 18

works well for seeing which file is being examined.  If you look at the output, you can also focus on when it finds files match (and don't need backing up) or when they're different.


See LP#1086783.
Essentially, the new version's inclusion was initially blocked due to the dependency on mozjs, which was considered by Marc Deslauriers to be too insecure and unsupported to be supported by Canonical (as polkit is a core security component, it and its dependencies would have to be in main, to be officially supported by Canonical).
There's been some recent activity as mozjs is now in main (some versions, anyway) due to being a dependency of GNOME Shell. Robert Ancell was gathering opinions in this Ubuntu Discourse post in January 2020, so you can comment there, if you have use cases for the newer version.


WiFi won't work on another kernel version

It appears that you compiled the driver rt5390sta from source code. It is compiled only for the kernel version that was running when you compiled. When a later kernel version is installed, typically by Update Manager, you must re-compile after rebooting into the later kernel.

cd Desktop/rt5390sta_files  <--or wherever you downloaded and extracted the driver
make clean
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rt5390sta

I expect that upgrading to 13.10 will probably solve your issue.


Is there a way to create a new directory, containing subdirectories and documents?

You'll need some template for your index.html to copy from. But you can create such a template on the fly and then copy it to the desired destination. The install command may be of help:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

template=$(mktemp);     # creates a temporary file, usually in /tmp

# Add the HTML code to that temporary file:
cat << EOF > $template
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title></title>
  <script src="js/project.js"></script>
  <link href="css/project.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body></body>
</html>
EOF

# "Install" the file with the given mode
# and create any intermediate directories:
install -m 0644 -D $template /var/www/html/projectName/index.html

# remove the temporary file
rm $template;

exit 0;

You probably need to run this script via sudo because /var/... isn't world-writable.


Undetected Logitech MX 5500 Keyboard and Mouse

That is part of a bug had been around for a while. Launchpad Bug 870227.

The only fix for now for 12.10 is to have a separate keyboard (or boot in to an OS that can modify your installation) and go in to /lib/udev/rules.d/97-bluetooth-hid2hci.rules and comment out these lines:

# Logitech devices
#KERNEL=="hiddev*", ATTRS{idVendor}=="046d", ATTRS{idProduct}=="c70[345abce]|c71[34bc]", \
#RUN+="hid2hci --method=logitech-hid --devpath=%p"

Just put a # at the beginning like in the code above.


Changing the desktop file name width under 18.04

I found a way to do this but involves a number of steps. Essentially the idea comes from here: http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2019/05/change-desktop-icons-size-ubuntu-19-04/

What you have to do:

Install Gnome tweaks
Install the Gnome Desktop-Icons extension
Change in a text file the 'width' of symbols. The file is located in your home folder at:

.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/desktop-icons@csoriano/prefs.js

For this, open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+t then type in:

gedit .local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/desktop-icons@csoriano/prefs.js

There change the following value:

const ICON_WIDTH = { 'small': 200, 'standard': 200, 'large': 200 };

Of course, if 200 is to wide or to narrow for your liking you can make the value bigger or smaller.

To avoid double drawing of icons by the extension and Gnome, use Gnome tweaks to switch of the regular drawing of desktop icons.
Restart Gnome to see the result.


How do I recover/reset the postgres password?

In general you can use the following procedure:
Go to the terminal and type:

sudo -u postgres psql

When you're logged in and the psql prompt appears then issue this SQL command:

ALTER USER postgres PASSWORD 'newpassword';

This may have consequences for any software using these login details too, so check if everything is still working after doing this.


Upgrading Ubuntu 16.04 to Ubuntu 18.04 not possible because of a problem with Oracle Java 9

Try this fix mentioned in another question with same error on a different package and upgrade:

Try this simple workaround:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo dpkg --clear-avail
sudo apt-get -f install


Where is Trash Bin in Ubuntu 11.10 with Gnome Shell?

Open a folder (any folder). In the sidebar, you'll see an entry for the trash. That's it.


How to allow Upstart task to block system boot?

vonbraun, runlevels mean something very different than they used to, so I don't believe runlevel 1 is actually where you want to be.

Sine you want to run ASAP, there are two options.

If you can work without writing to the root filesystem, and your data is guaranteed to be on the root filesystem, you can use the mounting event.

start on mounting MOUNTPOINT=/

The mounting event is a "hook", so mountall will wait for anything that uses it to unblock. You definitely must use the 'task' keyword so that your checks can run fully before mountall is unblocked.

At this point in the boot, the root filesystem is still readonly, but should be available. Other filesystems may not be available, so be aware (/var/run, in particular, can be tricky in this way). Do not use "AND" with another mounting event as that will lock up boot.

If you need to write to the root FS, you can use

start on mounted MOUNTPOINT=/

This will block mountall again, but after / is remounted read-write. This should prevent the resulting signals that kick off other parts of the boot from happening.

There are no guarantees here though, some other things will be going on in parallel. However, most of the boot will be delayed waiting for access to the filesystem, and in the stated scenario, that seems like the desired result.

Note that there are a lot of good related ideas in the Upstart cookbook

http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/

Good luck!


It looks like your Nvidia adapter is always in use.

Install nvidia-340 driver.

sudo apt-get install nvidia-340 nvidia-prime

Reboot.
Select the Intel adapter

sudo prime-select intel

If it does not work make sure that the Intel adapter is not disabled in bios.


Xbindkeys does not trigger some keys when keyboard layout changes

This is a bug in xbindkeys.
You need to download latest source (1.8.6) and apply patch (fix_layout.patch).
Bug discussed here.

fix_layout.patch

From d4a943caa3d700a5edb18d5ab528e8cf7f6d54c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Alberto=20S=E1nchez=20Molero?= <alsamolero@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2014 21:11:05 +0100
Subject: Fix keyboard layout problems - Ignore 13th and 14th bits of button
 state

Author:    Alberto Sanchez Molero <alsamolero@gmail.com>
---
 xbindkeys.c | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/xbindkeys.c b/xbindkeys.c
index b0adef9..5b1b86b 100644
--- a/xbindkeys.c
+++ b/xbindkeys.c
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ event_loop (Display * d)
          printf ("e.xbutton.state=%d\n", e.xbutton.state);
        }

-     e.xbutton.state &= ~(numlock_mask | capslock_mask | scrolllock_mask
+     e.xbutton.state &= 0x1FFF & ~(numlock_mask | capslock_mask | scrolllock_mask
                   | Button1Mask | Button2Mask | Button3Mask
                   | Button4Mask | Button5Mask);

@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ event_loop (Display * d)
          printf ("e.xbutton.state=%d\n", e.xbutton.state);
        }

-     e.xbutton.state &= ~(numlock_mask | capslock_mask | scrolllock_mask
+     e.xbutton.state &= 0x1FFF & ~(numlock_mask | capslock_mask | scrolllock_mask
                   | Button1Mask | Button2Mask | Button3Mask
                   | Button4Mask | Button5Mask);

--
cgit v1.0


The problem was resolved by setting the regulatory domain on my computers and reflashing my router with country specific firmware. I noticed that I could set my regulatory domain and connect to the router, but once I pinged a device on the network, my regulatory domain would revert to global (00).

I started with the standard discussion of setting the reg domain. I had some problems using crda to set the regulatory domain, so I added options to the cfg80211 module, as other users have done. To make these changes permanent, I had to create the file /etc/modprobe.d/cfg80211.conf and add the following:

options cfg80211 ieee80211_regdom=US

Anyone searching for a diff tool to compare network configurations should use this script.


What are the new Nautilus (3.6) shortcuts in Ubuntu 13.04?

It's not obvious looking at the user interface that there are any shortcuts. However most of the ones that worked in Nautilus 3.4.2 (as used in 12.04) still work in 3.6.

This list may not be exhaustive, feel free to edit this answer to add more if I have missed any out. All the following work in Nautilus 3.6 (as shipped with Ubuntu 13.04):

New tab Ctrl+T

New window Ctrl+N

New folder Shift+Ctrl+N

Open folder in new tab Shift+Return

Properties Alt+Return

Close window Ctrl+W

Close all windows (quit) Ctrl+Q

Make link Ctrl+M

Add bookmark Ctrl+D

Edit bookmarks Ctrl+B

Undo Ctrl+Z

Redo Ctrl+Y

Cut Ctrl+X

Copy Ctrl+C

Paste Ctrl+V

Select all Ctrl+A

Select items matching Ctrl+S

Invert selection Shift+Ctrl+I

Show hidden files Ctrl+H

Zoom in Ctrl++

Zoom out Ctrl+-

Normal size Ctrl+0

List view Ctrl+1

Icons view Ctrl+2

Go to home directory Alt+Home

Go to parent directory Alt+Up Arrow

Go back Alt+Left Arrow

Go forward Alt+Right Arrow

Go to specified location Ctrl+L

Search files (find) Ctrl+F

Rename F2


how to install Ubuntu on a fresh hard drive

In this case perhaps you should create a LiveCD (since you're being told your USB stick might have a problem).

Boot from the CD (or DVD, whatever you created) and choose "Try Ubuntu" when given that option.  You'll end up with an Ubuntu desktop, and if you open the Dash (top button on the Unity taskbar) and then start typing "gparted" (it'll probably show the icon for it before you've typed more than "gp..."), click on the icon, and GParted will open.  With it you can work with partitions: create, delete, resize, move, format, etc.

It'll be interesting to see what partitions there are on your HDD, if it's just one or if there is something else there.  Let us know what GParted shows.


Why are most of my fonts missing from LibreOffice?

To keep getting the benefits of snap packages there is a bit of a hacky solution available over here that might solve your issue.

How can you install new fonts to LibreOffice snap?