Get old Workspace Switcher back after upgrading to 18.04 Bionic Beaver?

Gnome Shell can be customized with extensions, so these may partially meet your wishes.

You can rearrange workspaces from the vertical layout to the 2x2 layout using the well maintained Gnome Shell extension Workspace Grid. This extension updates the layout of your workspaces in the Shell overview, and adjusts the Ctrl+Alt+arrow keys accordingly.
The 4 quadrant icon in the taskbar is not back, of course, but a click on the "Activities" button will bring you to the overview, and thus also to the workspaces.
You may complement the experience, if you wish, by adding the extension Always Zoom Workspaces. This extension ensures that the workspace switcher in the overview is always expanded.

With this setup, the functionality approximates that in the old Unity: workspace arrangement and shortcut keys are similar, and you can change workspaces visually with two clicks.


Allow users to change file ownership of a specific file without sudo

You can do this, although I think there's probably a more practical solution designed for this kind of collaboration.

Anyway, here's what to do:

Create a group, add the users to the group, and give the group write permission on the parent directory. Then they will be able to chown and chmod the file without using sudo

Demonstration:

sudo addgroup devs
sudo adduser zanna devs
sudo adduser pixie devs
mkdir development
chmod g+w development
sudo chown root:devs development
touch development/testfile
cd development
sudo chown root:devs testfile

That's the setup done. Let's test it:

zanna@xubi:~/development$ chown $USER testfile
$ stat -C "%U %G" testfile
zanna devs
$ chmod 600 testfile
$ stat -c %a testfile
600
$ su pixie
[enter password...]
pixie@xubi:/home/zanna/development$ chown $USER testfile
$ stat -c %U testfile
pixie

and so on... but this will only work at all if people check permissions or try to write to the file before they start running chown and chmod, which probably isn't intuitive... And if they have write permission on the parent directory, they will always be able to force write to the file, though they should get some warning, depending on the editor they use.


Yes, indicator-sysmonitor.
You can install it using this PPA

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexeftimie/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-sysmonitor

It displays memory and CPU by default, but you can use the command or script you want.

See that script for example: http://www.webupd8.org/2011/05/how-to-display-network-upload-download.html


You have to add one configuration option to ~/.newsboat/config config file:
browser "firefox %u"

See man newsboat for details locally or online.


19.10 big issue with intel 9260ac wifi: iwlwifi brings system to a halt

For now, here's a solution that seems reasonably stable for me on Ubuntu MATE 19.10 with kernel 5.3.0-19:

Copy the 9260 firmware microcode version 34 from wireless.wiki.kernel.org to /lib/firmware.
Put the following line in /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf:

options iwlwifi power_save=0 11n_disable=1

Reboot.


Fire up terminal by

Ctrl + Alt + T

Install ttf-vlgothic by

 sudo apt-get install ttf-vlgothic

Logout and log back in if you need.


Make a live CD in a partition of my EHD?

I have figured out the process by myself and this is what I did:

I'm doing this in Linux and the process is simple. You need both UNetbootin and GParted.

I made a Fat32 partition on my EHD using GParted with size enough for the distro image. I then used UNetbootin to make a live CD from it.


Just to note:

If you starting svnserve without rooting to parent of repo-collection (-r parameter), URL in path-part must contain full path from the root of filesystem to the repo-folder, like

svn://127.0.0.1/home/user/svn/MyProject


How to disable screensaver in Xubuntu 18.04?

Since you're running Xfce, you could try changing the settings of the Xfce Power Manager.

Find Power Manager in the Applications menu or run xfce4-power-manager -c from the terminal. Then you can change the settings in the Display tab.

If Display Power Management is turned ON, then the Power Manager should be in control instead of X11. You should then be able to prevent blank/sleep/power off by setting the appropriate sliders to Never.


Why does my indicator-weather sometimes turn gray?

That icon is displayed by Weather Indicator when an unknown weather condition is reported by the service. In other words it shows up when the icon theme has no icon representing the current weather.

The weather condition is what shows up on the second line of weather report:


pam / ad issues with server-based application

In the section for your domain in /etc/sssd/sssd.conf add

ad_gpo_map_service = +rstudio


Scale issues - Some windows are too big after setting scaling back

I figured it out. For others with the same issue, if you want to change the scale mode on Ubuntu 16.04 (Unity), there are three places to change:

System Preferences > Screen Display > Scale for menu and title bars:

Tweak Tool > Fonts > Scaling Factor:

Tweak Tool > Window > Window Scaling:


Why is apt-get unable to locate bitcoin and bitcoin-qt package?

Bitcoin is not available in the official repositories, and the Bitcoin PPA is not maintained anymore. Instead, install the official snap version with the command
sudo snap install bitcoin-core


How to make the disk utility ask for password before making modifications?

Unix is featuring a groups system. You can easily avoid certain users from doing things, by removing them from the required group. That means they can start the program, but it won't be able to do anything!
You can see the groups of the currently logged in user by the "groups" command.

Use "gpasswd" to remove the desired user from the "disk" and "storage" group.

Of course you must also remove him from the "wheel" group, so that he cannot use "sudo" to become another user(root).

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Groups


Ubuntu 19.10: EFI boot options gone after deleting Windows

This is why I don't recommend folks put both OS on different drives; if both OS were on the same drive, when you removed Windows 10, Ubuntu and its boot files would still be there.

When you install Ubuntu, it asks which partition OR drive to use to store the boot information; I normally use the first drive, not any partition; just /dev/sda (or equivalent).

Then /home and  \Users end up on the second SSD, so all the data's together and you only need to back up that second drive frequently.

Can /boot/efi and the GRUB files be recovered? Try the free, Open Source app TestDisk which has oodles of documentation and can be installed for Windows, Linux, and MacOS X to recover files from lvm and many, many, more filesystems.

I'd suggest downloading one of the LiveCDs from https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Livecd and writing it to a USB flash drive; booting from there, and start your recovery.


Ways to mount a Sd card / Usb drive in a different location

You can use something like (assuming your desired directory is ~/usb and the current mount point is /media/xcy/CCD3-9E9D):

$ mkdir ~/usb
$ sudo mount --bind /media/xcy/CCD3-9E9D ~/usb

then you can use both of these two directories, or here is another way (assuming your device name is /dev/sdb1)

$ umount /dev/sdb1           # unmount if it's already mounted
$ mkdir ~/usb                # make dir if it isn't already exist
$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 ~/usb

then you can use ~/usb.

You can find out your device name and mount point with mount (without any options or arguments), in my case, they are /dev/sdb1 and /media/xcy/CCD3-9E9D/ when I insert my usb drive.


You are using Kernel version 4.8 release candidate 5. Although the very latest and greatest kernel version can fix newly discovered glitches they can sometimes have regression and older glitches can occur.

I'd recommend rolling back to the latest stable Kernel version 4.7.3 which has solved a number of Intel CPU issues for me that first started with Kernel 4.4 and continued to 4.6.3. The primary concern was Intel Turbo Boost constantly running (processor at 3.4 Ghz, instead of 1.2 to 2.4 Ghz) and running hot (10c to 20c above normal).

To rollback to Kernel 4.7.3 (or to upgrade for others reading this post bearing in mind the current date is Sept 11/2016) copy and paste the lines below one by one into the Terminal and press Enter:

$ cd /tmp
$ wget kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.7.3/linux-headers-4.7.3-040703_4.7.3-040703.201609070334_all.deb
$ wget kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.7.3/linux-headers-4.7.3-040703-generic_4.7.3-040703.201609070334_amd64.deb
$ wget kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.7.3/linux-image-4.7.3-040703-generic_4.7.3-040703.201609070334_amd64.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i 'linux-headers-4.7*.deb' 'linux-image-4.7*.deb'
$ sudo reboot

If the recently installed kernel version is unsatisfactory you can choose a different version at boot time in grub by picking Advanced options sub-menu.

It is generally recommended that you do not update the Kernel beyond the version provided automatically by Ubuntu unless you have a specific reason for doing so.


Maximal power-saving on a laptop when sleep/hibernate is not possible?

You will get maximum battery life from the machine by ensuring that the CPU can stay in low power states for as long as possible.

The powertop utility (from the powertop package) is useful for diagnosing the causes of wake ups.  It will also provide suggestions about configuration changes that can improve things.

You should run powertop using sudo in order to get the best use out of it, since it won't be able to monitor the system fully with regular user privileges.


merging particular text files in different directories

An implicit method (can fail if unrelated files with filename ending with _ and a number are in the same directory) which names each merged file according to the file number:

DIRS_BASE=directory_
for ((FNUM=1; FNUM<9; FNUM++)); do
    cat ${DIRS_BASE}[1-6]/*_${FNUM} > merged_${FNUM}
done

An explicit method (safer) using a list of prefixes, which names each merged file according to the file number:

DIRS_BASE=directory_
PLIST=(abc def ghi jkl mno pqr)
NDIRS=${#PLIST[@]}
for ((FNUM=1; FNUM<9; FNUM++)); do
    PLIST_NUM=(${PLIST[@]/%/_$FNUM})
    cat ${PLIST_NUM[@]/#/$DIRS_BASE[1-$NDIRS]/} > merged_${FNUM}
done


Netplan - How to describe veth peer links?

@slangasek is correct.  As of 0.39 there is no support in the netplan yaml.  However, netplan is based on systemd-networkd and plays nicely with it.  So here's the solution I came up with:

Create a file called /etc/systemd/network/25-veth-b1b2.netdev with the contents:

[NetDev]
Name=vethb1
Kind=veth
[Peer]
Name=vethb2

Then add to your /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

Under:

ethernets:

Add:

    vethb1: {}
    vethb2: {}

What this does is tells netplan to expect interfaces from somewhere called vethb1 and vethb2.  ({} is an empty match.  match: {} works also, but leaving it blank or just match: causes a parsing error.)

Then you can add those interfaces to your bridge:

bridges:
  b1:
    interfaces: [vethb1]
  b2:
    interfaces: [vethb2]

Then rebuild your netplan config and restart systemd-networkd:

$ netplan generate
$ service systemd-networkd stop
$ service systemd-networkd start


I would suggest getting Linux Pen Drive. This will allow you to mount your iso to a usb. From there, you can install it to your computer provided it is selected in the boot options.

Here is the link

http://www.pendrivelinux.com/


I believe that you are getting this error message in browser. Regarding this kindly check whether previous version of adobe is available and try uninstalling it and also remove the dependencies from the installation location and try reinstalling it using the below command.

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer

If above not working then just downloaded it (again) from here: http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/otherversions/ (choose your OS and the version "for other browsers") and check.


Since VMware Player is not provided by the repositories, you have to instead download it here at the VMware website.

Note that VMware Player (like VMware Workstation) no longer has a 32-bit version, so if running uname -m shows x86_64, you can run it, but if it shows i686, you can't (or would have to use an old version).

After the download completes, go to the folder to which you downloaded it in the Terminal. You can do this with the cd command. For example, if you put it in your Downloads folder, run:

cd ~/Downloads

(In the Terminal, the ~ character at the beginning of a file path represents your home folder.)

Now make this installer file executable with the chmod command. Currently, VMware Workstation 15.1.0 Player Build 13591040 is the latest version. For that, you would run:

chmod +x VMware-Player-15.5.0-14665864.x86_64.bundle

Use the full name of whatever file you download. The naming convention might change in the future, but even if it does not, the filename contains version numbers, so each version of VMware Player has a different filename. (Tab completion is handy for this: if you type the first few characters of the filename and press Tab, your shell should expand it automatically to the whole filename if it's the only file in the current directory that starts that way.)

The installer may need to build and install kernel modules, so it's advisable to make sure you have the necessary packages to facilitate this. Run uname -r. These days, the output usually ends in -generic. On old versions of Ubuntu, generic-pae, server, and virtual were common too. If it doesn't end in -generic, replace -generic below with whatever it does end in.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic

Now run the installer. You have to run it as root, so use sudo:

sudo ./VMware-Player-15.5.0-14665864.x86_64.bundle

(As before, you should use the name of the file you downloaded, and tab completion can help. Note that ./ immediately before the filename is important in this command.)

The rest of the installation process is guided and graphical. While you had to run the installer as root with sudo, you do not generally need to run, and should not generally run, VMware Player as root after you've installed it. Occasionally, after an update to your kernel or VMware Player, VMware Player may ask you to allow it to build and install new kernel modules as root. That's okay.

With old versions of VMWare, you may get a kernel error when running it for the first time. If possible, you should use a newer version--or at least a version that is still supported--not just to solve those problems, but also because hypervisors like VMware Player and VMware Workstation can contain security vulnerabilities that get patched in supported versions. However, if you do use an old version and get kernel errors, see this page. If you believe you have the problem described there, you can download and run patch-modules.sh.

cd /tmp
wget http://communities.vmware.com/servlet/JiveServlet/download/1553530-39784/patch-modules.sh
wget http://communities.vmware.com/servlet/JiveServlet/download/1553530-39785/vmware-7.1-2.6.35-3-generic.patch
sudo sh patch-modules.sh

If that doesn't work (and it asks you for the patch location) try this for the location:

/tmp/patch-modules.sh

This extra information was taken from that page, and all I did was add the /tmp/patch-modules.sh. You should refer to the forum link above if you're going to attempt this (or have trouble with it). Most users today will not need to do that.


Try Linux boot repair disc, it can wipe off the disk partition.
or make another bootable usb with windows version 8 or higher and try to clean install the windows i.e. by formating the hdd partition.


A question about installing Ubuntu by VMware

It sounds to me like you accidentally downloaded the server iso of ubuntu rather than the desktop iso. You can install the default desktop installation on server by typing "sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop" in the terminal. It's going to take a while to download.


Why does MOTD and "landscape-sysinfo" show different disk usage to "df"?

Having a look at the landscape-sysinfo script which lives in /etc/update-motd.d/  it is clear that the calculation of the disk space is being done with cat /proc/partitions rather than the df command.

Performing the same test on my machine but using / as an example I get the same results, cat /proc/partitions shows less disk space being used while df shows a bit more disk usage. The method used to calculate the partition size is different hence the different results:

cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name
   8        5  606765056 sda5

df
Filesystem            1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5             597111968 53985732 512787984  10% /

Both are correct in their own calculations, I would rely on df to get a better indiciation of disk usage for your /home partition.


Get a Wacom Intuos CTL-490 Working in Ubuntu Crouton?

NOTE: I don't own a Chromebook and hence I've not tested any of the below steps. Attempt this after making a backup of your important data

Step 1 :: Build Kernel Headers
All commands to be performed in the chrooted Ubuntu Shell
a) Get Kernel Sources
Install the following packages to get kernel sources:
sudo apt-get install git-core make kernel-package bc
Now pull chromeos-3.18 from the kernel repo:
git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/third_party/kernel -b chromeos-3.18

Now there are possibly multiple versions of kernels that can be under the 3.18 version (which is what the numbers after 3.18 specify in uname - r
So perform the following steps:
cd kernel
./chromeos/scripts/prepareconfig chromeos-intel-pineview
make oldconfig
make kernelrelease

If the version from the uname command above does not match what is displayed, and is instead a later version, you need to figure out the right commit from which your kernel was built, to do that
git reset --hard origin/chromeos-3.18
git checkout HEAD~[commits-before]
./chromeos/scripts/prepareconfig chromeos-intel-pineview
make oldconfig
make kernelrelease

Replace [commits-before] with a number. You might have to do this multiple times until you get to the right kernel version specified by uname -r
b) Make the kernel image and headers
Disable halting on warnings by:
cd kernel && sed -i s/CONFIG_ERROR_ON_WARNING=y/CONFIG_ERROR_ON_WARNING=n chromeos/config/base.config

Now make the kernel by
./chromeos/scripts/prepareconfig chromeos-intel-pineview
make oldconfig

Now we must create deb packages of the kernel-image and headers by using
sudo make-kpkg --rootcmd fakeroot kernel_image kernel_headers

Ensure that the .debs are made by using ls ~/linux-*.deb
Do not install them yet as that will lead to ChromeOS becoming unbootable as  /lib/modules is still mounted within the chroot
Create the following /etc/rc.local or add this to your /etc/rc.local if you already have one.
#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

# umount bindmounts /lib/modules from enter-chroot
for m in `cat /proc/mounts | /usr/bin/cut -d ' ' -f2 | grep /lib/modules| grep -v "^/$" `; do
        umount "$m"
done
# try to load wacom drivers
if [ `find /sys/module/ -name "wacom*" -type d` ]; then
    # check if module_locking is disabled
    if ! grep -q "module_locking=0" /proc/cmdline; then
        exit 2
    fi
    modprobe wacom
    modprobe wacom_w8001
fi

exit 0

Mark it as an excecutable by sudo chmod +x /etc/rc.local and logout and log back in. Check if everything in /lib/modules is umounted so we can install our two deb files:
cat /proc/mounts | grep /lib/modules
Now install our debs by
sudo dpkg -i linux-*.deb

Reboot and proceed

Step 2 :: Install wacom drivers
Download the sources for the wacom driver:
git clone https://github.com/linuxwacom/input-wacom

Now install the drivers:
cd input-wacom && if test -x ./autogen.sh; then ./autogen.sh; else ./configure; fi && make && sudo make install || echo "Build Failed"

The updated driver should automatically load after rebooting the system.

Sources:
Installing VirtualBox on Crouton
Installing Wacom modules for old linux kernels


Devanagari characters do not render properly in gvim

Update: I searched a bit and found that you can use any monospaced font in vim but if you choose a non-monospaced font, the results will be ugly because vim has a fixed character cell. So, you can't use Devanagari fonts in gvim.

It seems to me that gVim treats every font as monospaced and that is creating the problem.

You can try other editors which can render the font correctly. Some of them are:

Gedit

Emacs

LibreOffice Writer - A word processor


Fail to boot after downgrading from ubuntu 15.10 to 14.04lts

Did you check if your BIOS boot order includes your /dev/sda disk?

If it does, you may try to fix GRUB bootloader using a live cd. The easiest way is using Super Grub2 or Rescatux.

Advanced users would go with SystemRescueCD following this guide: http://www.sysresccd.org/Sysresccd-Partitioning-EN-Repairing-a-damaged-Grub


first.. duplicity will never overwrite data while restoring. that is a design choice to protect your data. what you've got to do is to restore to a temporary folder and copy/move the restored data manually to your desired location.

second.. how come you cannot login into X but use the command line as root?

..ede/duply.net


How to install MySQL-server-5.5 on ubuntu16.04

MySQL 5.5 is not officially available for Ubuntu 16.04, neither from the Ubuntu developers (the only available version is 5.7) nor from the MySQL ones (only 5.6, 5.7, and the in-development 8.0).

It is available unofficially from this PPA, so if you really need 5.5, that's probably your best bet. However, you should really install from an official source if at all possible; this would mean either installing MySQL 5.6+ on 16.04, or installing 14.04, which has MySQL 5.5 in its official Ubuntu repositories.


Grub is only a command line, and cant see windows

Boot into Ubuntu , just as you described, and run sudo grub-install /dev/sda && sudo update-grub. Reboot to test.


issues intalling ubuntu 12.04on sony vaio vgn fe780g

I have the same laptop. I had to use Ubuntu Alternate 12.04.3 LTS 32bit.
The regular 12.04 would load and then hang. The Alternate install works great for me.

http://releases.ubuntu.com

ubuntu-12.04.3-alternate-i386.iso


There are many executables in /bin. If you want to copy their corresponding man pages into files, you use something like this in your terminal

for f in /bin/*;do man $(basename $f) > $HOME/man_$(basename $f); done

After execution of the command you will find all the man pages corresponds to the executables in /bin/ in your home. For example man page corresponds to ls will take name man_ls.txt inyour home.

If you want copy only a part, say the executables name begins with r, use,

for f in /bin/r*;do man $(basename $f) > $HOME/man_$(basename $f); done

You may get several note like,

No manual entry for <some_executable>
See 'man 7 undocumented' for help when manual pages are not available.

for the executables which does not have a man entry.

Do this for other folders which contains executables like, /usr/bin/ ,/usr/sbin/ ,/sbin/ etc.

Note:

you can use 2>/dev/null with your command to suppress the error messages for executables without man entry. like,

for f in /usr/bin/r*;do man $(basename $f) > $HOME/man_$(basename $f) 2>/dev/null; done

According to your approach

Navigate to a folder and use this for the same result,

for f in $(whereis -m * | grep '.gz' |awk '{print$1}' |sed s/://g); do man $f > $HOME/man_$f.txt; done


Whenever I try to log my facebook account in empathy I get a message saying "authentication failed"

try updating empathy or maybe your username is wrong or sometimes it just genuinely wont connect. this used to happen a lot in empathy (for me at least) i suggest copying and pasting your username from your address bar on your profile page (as empathy instructs , you use  the section after www.facebook.com/(your username is here) and entering your passwords again even if empathy is at the latest version.


Opening shell files via Terminal (default application)

Most probably, there are a few things to check :

Make sure you are running your shell file on a way that lets understand to your terminal that it is a file that is stored in the current folder. For instance, if the filename of your script is myscript.sh, do not type myscript.sh but ./myscript.sh. If you don't, the terminal would think that the script is in an other place, such as

/bin/
/usr/bin
/usr/sbin
/sbin

the most of the time, concerning installed or system commands. The dot refers to current folder, whereas two dots (..) refer to parent folder.

The other point you can check, is that you have the permission to execute the file. If you are running Ubuntu, right click on your file -> properties -> permissions -> check "Allow execution as a programm".

I'm not sure, but you may also need to begin you script with following line : #!/bin/sh, altough I've already used script without such a header line.


Preventing Gnome-Shell from constantly freezing

What you can do is try to reload gnome by running the following command in a terminal

DISPLAY=:0 gnome-shell --replace

once you run this command you press Ctrl-Alt-F7 and you GNOME will be up and running again :)


GNOME has grey bar on top and bottom after upgrade from 17.04 to 17.10, how do I fix it to how it's supposed to look?

It seems you have somehow logged into a GNOME classic session.

Reboot and after entering your password click on the cogwheel (⚙) next to the sign in button.

It should show you different available sessions. Try "Ubuntu" (or Ubuntu on Xorg) or "GNOME" (or GNOME on Xorg, but not GNOME Classic or GNOME Flashback or anything else) session.


What are some good uses for custom live CDs

One good idea is a stripped down recovery CD, containing the tools you need to check drives, perform backups, and chroot into the system to perform fixes.

Method:

Install Ubuntu Minimal (in a virtual machine)
Add the remastersys repository and install remastersys.
Install openbox and any commandline tools you need.
Install gnome-terminal/a terminal of your choice.
Install a file manager.
Run remastersys in dist- mode to create your live CD.
Have a big party with friends to show them how awesome you are, and hand out free copies of your new recovery system!


There are many options to confine a software in Linux, but it depends if it is a deb package or a snap.
Slack Debian Package
If you have installed the Debian package of Slack, you can go with firejail as it already has a default profile for confinement (see the profile).

To install and use firejail to confine Slack deb package:

sudo apt-get install firejail firejail-profiles
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/firejail /usr/local/bin/<application>

Replace <application> with the name of Slack binary in /usr/bin. The second line creates a symbolic link for the software-to-be-sanboxed to run under firejail.

Add your username to /etc/firejail/firejail.users, one line per username.

Open Slack, and check if the confinement works via: firejail --tree.

You can check the default Slack profile in your system via: cat /etc/firejail/slack.profile. If you are curios about what each line does, check out the firejail.profile man page.
Slack Snap package
Snaps are different, and (might) have built-in confinement system using kernel namespaces, apparmor and seccomp. However, the Slack package is installed via sudo snap install slack --classic, and the --classic flag here tells that there will be no strict confinement.
Depending on the firejail version you install, you might get snap support with a default firejail profile, but the firejail release notes shows that the support for snap packages were dropped in 0.9.60.
References

https://firejail.wordpress.com/documentation-2/
https://snapcraft.io/docs/snap-confinement


how to set up dnsmasq wildcard to 127.0.0.1 on Ubuntu 19.10?

Try putting this as the top line in the resolv.conf:

nameserver 127.0.0.1

And also try installing named.


Boot repair disk shows nothing under "Grub location"

You seem to be in a very tight spot with very little help...

As you haven't given much data on what exactly is wrong with your system (no logs or anything) I can only conclude, based on the data you provided that I would:

Boot from a LiveDVD
Back up all of my data and config files without password (the last one are mine: Your mileage may vary)
Wipe EXT4 partitions and install again in UEFI mode, restore system config files
Restore all of my data
Re-install all applications, restore application files


New apps not showing in file manager when adding to application launch bar

Try this:

cp /usr/share/applications/app.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/

And then check Application Launcher Bar again and it will appear.
It works for me!


Kubuntu 18: Power management not working


Palm detection not working in xfce on Ubuntu Studio 15.10

You can add syndaemon -i 1 -K -d to startup applications.

Probably Ubuntu Studio has not it on default.

You can also play with parameters. I use

syndaemon -i 2 -tKRd

You can get details by running man sysdaemon

You will need to disable the palm detection option in system settings. Otherwise the cursor may freeze if two instances of syndaemon is running.


Dual boot: several Windows 7 loading entries in GRUB2 - should I delete any?

For future reference, code samples should be entered with four spaces preceding each line. Using carats (>) at the start of the line is used for quoting content, and does not preserve critical code formatting. I've fixed your question so it's properly formatted. See here for more on formatting features on this site.

As to your question, there are two answers. The first is empirical: Try each option from your GRUB menu and remove any that does not work. If two or more work, you can choose which to delete randomly.

The second answer is more theoretical: The /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi file is the official location of the Windows boot loader, whereas /EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi is the fallback/default EFI boot loader. In practice they may be the same binaries under two names, but another OS might overwrite the latter. The Windows boot loader shouldn't be replaced or erased, but buggy tools and hackish workarounds for buggy EFIs may dictate otherwise. The third GRUB configuration that you quote is simply a more elaborate version of the first one. Personally, I'd keep it simple if simple works.


it should be able to run using the openjdk 7. Make sure that if you have another java in the system, the default version is Java 7.

In order to help you can you please do this for me:

Open a Terminal
type "frostwire", press Enter
Copy and paste all the output here, so we can see exactly the error.

Make sure you have the latest FrostWire .deb download (5.6.2)


How to install Ubuntu 18.04 on a new system with blank hard drive, will I have UEFI issues?

Actually when you load optimal BIOS setting, ASUS motherboard will disable secure boot for you if there's no windows there.

Ubuntu 18.04 supports secure boot so you will not run into any problems unless you want to use unsigned drivers.
If you boot installer under efi mode, choosing simple install using entire disk, the installer will create efi partition for you and put relavant efi files into it, so you don't need to worry about anything.


programs to interact with hard drive and RAM from terminal

Using the terminal, you can get all kinds of good information from the /proc/ directory.

Using the command:

awk '/MemTotal/{print $2}' /proc/meminfo

You can extract memory totals.

Using similar methods, you can parse the /proc/diskstats file.

I do not have a one size fits all command line tool for you, but hopefully, this helps you on your way to figuring out a solution to your issue.


Make sure you have all your code files in the current working directory, otherwise you'll have to include their path(s) in the compile command.

This page at http://wiki.codeblocks.org (the official wiki for Code::Blocks) is a guide to many of the beginning features of the creation and modification of a Code::Blocks project. If this is your first experience with Code::Blocks, here is a good starting point.


Why does the "all settings" button in unity-control-center have no effect?

When you open the System Settings (unity-control-center from command line) you get all the settings:

Then, if you enter some setting, like Appearance, it will look like this now:

Now, if you click on the All Settings button, it will work going to the main menu.


Freeze when io operations after SSD replacement

I found the culprit and the solution, after contacting the manufacturer of the SSD.
Culprit
The issue is in the SSD firmware, in the implementation of APST. From what I understood, the SSD gives wrong timing information to the kernel.
APST is a power saving mode that put the SSD into sleep mode and need to know the "wake-up delay" needed by the SSD. The Firmware in the A2000 advertises a faster wake-up delay which blocks the wake-up and the SSD.
To solve this issue, you can either disable APST or override the value advertised by the SSD.
Solution
You have to edit the nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us config. Use 0 to disable it, or a sufficiently large value to avoid issues.
Open /etc/default/grub and add nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=500 at the end of the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT variable.
The answer comes from that post: https://askubuntu.com/a/1100886/33386


Will pure Java written software be accepted in Ubuntu Software Center

Yep, there's no reason why not. Your package will just depend on JRE, so when installing your software, the USC will automatically install Java as well should it be missing.


You can use mkusb-nox or guidus (the new version). These programs work with the current Ubuntu versions. See this link,

How can I create a Windows bootable USB stick using Ubuntu?

and these links,

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/gui#Installation

Should work with minimal instructions


In order to understand the problem here it is necessary to know how disk partitioning works.
A classic DOS partition table can only contain four entries. To circumvent this restriction while staying compatible, one partition type was defined to be a so-called extended partition which can itself contain additional "logical partitions".

On your drive, there is a "hole" in the extended partition where no logical partition is defined. Instead a primary partition overlaps the extended partition and fills that hole exactly. So no data is really overlapping, and there is no immediate danger of data loss.

The easiest solution is to delete the offending partition (/dev/sda3) if you don't need it. Afterwards you can try to create a new logical partition at the same position. I recommend using fdisk for this as it doesn't try to format anything, so if you made a backup of your partition table you can simple restore it and try again.

WARNING

This is dangerous, and you should have a full backup of your drive before doing it.


Why does command apt-cache show result in "E: no packages found"? Ubuntu 16.04

The apt-cache show (or apt show) command needs an argument: the name of a package:

$ apt-cache show gimp
Package: gimp
Priority: optional
Section: universe/graphics
Installed-Size: 16188
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Ari Pollak <ari@debian.org>
Architecture: amd64
Version: 2.8.18-1

... and many more lines

Perhaps you want apt list to see available packages or apt list --installed for installed packages?


access prompt asks for password when using howdy

You can't really change that. Your keyring is encrypted and decrypted with your password. The only way I could think of how to make this even possible theoretically would be to kinda extract the password out of your face information and then use that. But this just not works with face recognition because it's so inaccurate.
The only thing you can do is to either remove the keyring password completely or to change it to some other password and unlock it with some startup scripts. Both ways are horrible insecure, so use that approaches careful.
Here is a related issue: https://github.com/Boltgolt/howdy/issues/39


root folder /opt/ is disappeared (By command mistake)

There are three possibilities when mving a directory:

mv directory file fails with the message mv: cannot overwrite non-directory 'file' with directory 'directory'
mv directory1 directory2 moves directory1 inside of directory2
mv directory nothing-yet renames directory as nothing-yet

Since /opt is gone, possibility 1 isn't the case. Since opt doesn't appear in the directory listing you present in the comment under your question, possibility 2 isn't the case. The only remaining possibility is possibility 3.

To fix it, rename it back to /opt:

mv /home/hasan/Desktop/DataGrip-2017.1 /opt


You can try this:

grep -o '"[^"]*"\s*:\s*"[^"]*"' | \
grep -E '^"(code|name|is_action|action_from|action_to)"' | \
tr '\n' ',' | \
sed 's/,$//'

Details:

grep -o '"[^"]*"\s*:\s*"[^"]*"' find all "key": "value" pairs and prints them on separate lines;

Example:

echo '{ "article": {"code": "01333457004","name": "ALAZANIS VALLEY 2015","note": "ČERV VÍNO EVROPA VÝCH OSTATNÍ","sel_unit": "Kus","unit_price": 229.0,"category": "ČERVENÉ,POLOSLADKÉ","unit": "L","EAN": "4867601700052","unit_volume": 0.75,"producer": null,"tax": 21.0,"text": "Alazanis Valley 2015;Gruzie,Kachetie;červené polsladké;750ml;16°C;Alazanis Valley 2015;Gruzie,Kachetie;červené polsladké;750ml;16°C;","is_action": "1","action_from": "20190905","action_to": "20190918","ordered_from": "20190126","ordered_to": "20190830","shelf_id": "1030542","is_outlet": 0}}' | grep -o '"[^"]*"\s*:\s*"[^"]*"'

Output:

"code": "01333457004"
"name": "ALAZANIS VALLEY 2015"
"note": "ČERV VÍNO EVROPA VÝCH OSTATNÍ"
"sel_unit": "Kus"
"category": "ČERVENÉ,POLOSLADKÉ"
"unit": "L"
"EAN": "4867601700052"
"text": "Alazanis Valley 2015;Gruzie,Kachetie;červené polsladké;750ml;16°C;Alazanis Valley 2015;Gruzie,Kachetie;červené polsladké;750ml;16°C;"
"is_action": "1"
"action_from": "20190905"
"action_to": "20190918"
"ordered_from": "20190126"
"ordered_to": "20190830"
"shelf_id": "1030542"

grep -E '^"(code|name|is_action|action_from|action_to)"' filters only needed keys.

Output:

"code": "01333457004"
"name": "ALAZANIS VALLEY 2015"
"is_action": "1"
"action_from": "20190905"
"action_to": "20190918"

tr '\n' ',' replace new line to comma.

Output:

"code": "01333457004","name": "ALAZANIS VALLEY 2015","is_action": "1","action_from": "20190905","action_to": "20190918",

sed 's/,$//' removes last extra comma.

Output:

"code": "01333457004","name": "ALAZANIS VALLEY 2015","is_action": "1","action_from": "20190905","action_to": "20190918"

Full example

Command:

echo '{ "article": {"code": "01333457004","name": "ALAZANIS VALLEY 2015","note": "ČERV VÍNO EVROPA VÝCH OSTATNÍ","sel_unit": "Kus","unit_price": 229.0,"category": "ČERVENÉ,POLOSLADKÉ","unit": "L","EAN": "4867601700052","unit_volume": 0.75,"producer": null,"tax": 21.0,"text": "Alazanis Valley 2015;Gruzie,Kachetie;červené polsladké;750ml;16°C;Alazanis Valley 2015;Gruzie,Kachetie;červené polsladké;750ml;16°C;","is_action": "1","action_from": "20190905","action_to": "20190918","ordered_from": "20190126","ordered_to": "20190830","shelf_id": "1030542","is_outlet": 0}}' | grep -o '"[^"]*"\s*:\s*"[^"]*"' | grep -E '^"(code|name|is_action|action_from|action_to)"' | tr '\n' ',' | sed 's/,$//'

Output:

"code": "01333457004","name": "ALAZANIS VALLEY 2015","is_action": "1","action_from": "20190905","action_to": "20190918"


Can anyone explain me in a simple word what is FND server and is it possible to make one using java?

What it is.

Friendly Net Detection (FND) is a technology that allows the computer to automatically recognize "friendly networks", FN in short. It is our aim to guarantee maximum security for the central data network in remote access VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) and to provide the user with secure and transparent access to the company network - no matter in which network environment the user is working.
FND is a classic client / server application. The FND server (FNDS) is a separate service which is installed independent of the VPN gateway. It can be installed on any computer within the "known company network". The FND client (FNDC) is part of NCP's Secure Client Suite. It is configured within the clients firewall settings.
The FND technology is based on established standards and guarantees consistent system security. Furthermore, it protects your system from errors which are frequent in proprietary solutions.
Prerequisite for the use of FND is installation of FNDS in a network that has been declared as FN. This service has to be available from all ports of the network; i.e. in some cases, router settings may have to be changed.
If an employee connects his end-device to the company network, the FNDC tries to contact the configured FNDS. If the device is able to contact and authenticate with the FNDS, it is confirmed that the device is within a FN. The firewall rules of the NCP Secure Client are automatically set on "internal operation".
The administrator centrally sets all rules of the personal firewall, which comes as standard with the NCP Secure Client. The user can neither manipulate nor deactivate these rules.
In large remote access VPN's, all templates and changes of all configuration parameter of the NCP Secure Client are ideally carried out with NCP's Secure Enterprise Management (SEM) System as "Single Point of Administration".

Like PerlDuck has said "you buy and install" not "make"! But of course you could study the architecture and design yours.
Source:
https://www.ncp-e.com/en/solutions/vpn/remote-access-vpn-technologies/friendly-net-detection/


The normal way to boot from CD is to change the boot order in the BIOS. Often pressing the F12 key during POST (PowerOnSelfTest) will temporarily do this, otherwise you can 'permanently' change it in setup (F2 or DEL usually).

If your grub.cfg file doesn't already have the commands to boot from CD, typing them manually would be tedious.


It has a detailed guide, where are you stuck? Essentially, you download the files provided and you move them to themes and icons directories so ubuntu can recognize them as such. You can use a tool like Ubuntu Tweak to change to this theme.

Also be aware that this theme was submitted at 2004 so I am not sure it works on newer versions of linux.


Issue the following commands:

sudo rm /usr/local/bin/eclipse
sudo ln -s /opt/eclipse/eclipse /usr/local/bin/eclipse

sudo /opt/eclipse/eclipse -clean &

If you have errors after these commands check this question (answer 2) askubuntu.com/questions/26632/how-to-install-eclipse


How to enable multiple displays in 16.04 with ThinkPad X1 Carbon and Intel HD Graphics 520 card

This question is fairly old, but hopefully this answer helps still.

The best course is to upgrade your display drivers. Intel has upgraded their graphics updater to work with Ubuntu 16.10, however it might not work yet with Ubuntu 17.04, even with the suggested changes in the link above (my blog).

Once the display drivers are up to date, you can install the latest DisplayLink drivers. I've verified that they work with Ubuntu 17.04, but they will need a slight modification to an xorg configuration to make them responsive. You can see my results here: https://github.com/DisplayLink/evdi/issues/85

Next make sure that you have the correct cables from the DisplayLink to your monitor. You cannot use an HDMI to DP connector unless it's powered, or so I read (some other cables may support video but I haven't tried them), so the easiest method is to use a DVI to HDMI, DVI to DVI, DVI or HDMI to VGA, or HDMI to DVI. You can also use a DisplayPort (DP) to DP cable.

Make sure that your cables are securely installed. I made the mistake of having a loose connection so the monitor showed in the Displays tool but wouldn't turn on and wouldn't display video on the monitor.

For reference, my machine is a Yoga 900 with an Intel HD 520 as well. It should be a close match to OP's ThinkPad X1 in terms of hardware.

https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/intel-graphics-update-tool-linux-os-v2.0.3


To "revert" to rev. 4, try the following commands:

svn merge -r:14:4 http://my.repository.com/my/project/trunk
svn commit -m "Reverted to revision 4."

Source: http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.7/svn.branchmerge.basicmerging.html#svn.branchmerge.basicmerging.undo


Run a 32 bit software on a 64 bit architecture under Ubuntu 13.10

I found a way that seems to work so far.

I had this version of java:

ludovic@ludovic-N61Jq:~$ java -version
java version "1.7.0_25"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.3.12) (7u25-2.3.12-4ubuntu3)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.7-b01, mixed mode)

and found that on the virtual machine where it worked it was rather a version 1.6.xxx, so that I installed this version of java using this webpage.

The process was fairly easy:
1) add a ppa
2) update
3) install the version of java you want

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java6-installer

after that I checked the current version of java used

ludovic@ludovic-N61Jq:~$ java -version
java version "1.6.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_45-b06)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.45-b01, mixed mode)

and run my program which worked. Conclusion is that apparently it is not a 32-bit/64-bit problem but rather a java version problem.


That ppa is only available for Ubuntu up to 12.10 - http://ppa.launchpad.net/deluge-team/ppa/ubuntu/dists/. As it is not supported, you might as well just remove it.

Open 'Software & Sources'

Then under the the Other Software tab, untick/remove the following:

Exit, and press the Reload, or exit and run sudo apt-get update.

You may also be able to remove it by running:

sudo ppa-purge ppa:deluge-team/ppa
sudo apt-get update


Well, I will answer my own question again since I found an easy way to solve my DNS problem. Installing an DNS server looks too complicated for me and a little overkill for a LAN with only 8 systems. The easy way is to edit the hosts file /etc/hosts. Change dir to /etc. first I copied the file with sudo cp hosts hosts.bak. Then (I like nano) sudo nano hosts. And then just add lines just below the localhost line:

192.168.0.20  systemname1
192.168.0.21  systemname2

Save the file and that is it. No need to reload or restart something. This I did on all my systems, and I set and configured static DHCP in my router to keep same IP address to same system.

Hope this helps someone.


How do I identify OpenGL in my package management system?

You can install all of the dependencies needed to compile Octave by running the following commands.

First, enable the source repositories:

sudo sed -i 's/^. deb-src/deb-src/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

Next, update apt:

sudo apt update

Finally, install the build dependencies:

sudo apt-get build-dep octave


How to change the default location of /home/.encryptfs

Question 1:

Move the folder /home/.ecryptfs to /raid/home/.encryptfs.

Create a link from /home/.ecryptfs to /raid/home/.encryptfs with the following command.

sudo ln --symbolic /raid/home/.encryptfs /home/.ecryptfs

Question 2:

I am not aware of any way to do as you ask.


Fujitsu Battery Issue: Battery not charging when it is above 90%

Do not change your batteries. This is normal behaviour of Fujitsu Lifebooks. It is a deliberate strategy to conserve battery lifetime.

Fujitsu Lifebooks are business notebooks that normally pass most of their time sitting in docking stations that are plugged in. To prevent them from permanently being charged at 100% the manufacturer has chosen to let the charge fall below 90% before charging again up to 100%.

I have 2 Lifebooks behaving the same way (at home and in the office). You can also see this in the Fujitsu support forum.

You can change this behaviour in BIOS: Advanced - Miscellaneous Configurations - HW Power Management - CPU Power Saving(Battery).


Why is my conky shown above other windows?

I can't be sure without seeing your ~/.conkyrc file, but yours probably includes these lines:

own_window_type normal
own_window_hints undecorated,above,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager

The details might be different but you nee to change above to below and the set the window type to desktop:

own_window_type desktop
own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager


What partitions do I need to replace to uninstall Ubuntu and re-install OSX?

You can erase the disk with diskutil. Answering your question, your disk should look like this:

/dev/disk1
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *64.0 GB    disk1
   1:                        EFI                         209.7 MB   disk1s1
   2:          Apple_CoreStorage                         63.2 GB    disk1s2
   3:                 Apple_Boot Recovery HD             650.0 MB   disk1s3

Ofcourse, the sizes are according to your disk.
To erase and reinit the disk, use: diskutil eraseDisk JHFS+ name disk1


Re-install virtualbox-dkms package first

sudo apt-get autoremove virtualbox-dkms
sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r` dkms virtualbox-dkms

After that You can enable it manually

sudo modprobe vboxdrv
sudo modprobe vboxnetflt


Block badbot with fail2ban via user agents in access.log

The correct way to deal with annoying bots is to block them in "robots.txt". But your comments indicate they're ignoring that directive. Blocking by user-agent will ultimately be a cat and mouse game, but if you want to do it you want the following.

So, you need to enable the apache-badbots jail that reads the Apache access log if you haven't already. Create the file /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/apache-badbots.local with the contents:

[apache-badbots]
enabled = true

The main portion of the apache-badbots jail is defined in /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf so all you have to do is enable it.

Next, modify the apache-badbots filter to include your bots. Edit /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/apache-badbots.conf. In it there is a particular line for custom bots:

badbotscustom = EmailCollector|WebEMailExtrac|TrackBack/1\.02|sogou music spider

The bots are specified using a regular expression. Either replace those or tack yours on the end separated with |s.

badbotscustom = EmailCollector|WebEMailExtrac|TrackBack/1\.02|sogou music spider|BLEXBot|ltx71|DotBot|Barkrowler
# OR
badbotscustom = BLEXBot|ltx71|DotBot|Barkrowler

Next, you'll want to modify the failregex line so that the regular expression matches any part of the user agent, not just the whole thing. Change the line:

failregex = ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST).*HTTP.*"(?:%(badbots)s|%(badbotscustom)s)"$

to (note the two additional .*):

failregex = ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST).*HTTP.*".*(?:%(badbots)s|%(badbotscustom)s).*"$

Finally, reload the fail2ban configurations.

sudo fail2ban-client reload

This information may be helpful for reference.

Looking at /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/apache-badbots.conf on an update to date Ubuntu 16.04 server I have, it looks outdated. In particular there's this comment:

# DEV Notes:
# List of bad bots fetched from http://www.user-agents.org
# Generated on Thu Nov  7 14:23:35 PST 2013 by files/gen_badbots.

I generated a new one from the fail2ban git repository, but it still didn't include those bots (maybe the source is outdated or incomplete). If you're curious, you can generate a new one with following.

git clone https://github.com/fail2ban/fail2ban
cd fail2ban/
./files/gen_badbots

The new file will be available at config/filter.d/apache-badbots.conf. If you want to use it replace /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/apache-badbots.conf with it.

For reference, this is the definition of apache-badbots from /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf.

[apache-badbots]
# Ban hosts which agent identifies spammer robots crawling the web
# for email addresses. The mail outputs are buffered.
port     = http,https
logpath  = %(apache_access_log)s
bantime  = 172800
maxretry = 1

The %(apache_access_log)s variable comes from /etc/fail2ban/paths-debian.conf and is defined as /var/log/apache2/*access.log.

For reference, here is the apache-badbots.conf that I generated (without modifications).

# Fail2Ban configuration file
#
# Regexp to catch known spambots and software alike. Please verify
# that it is your intent to block IPs which were driven by
# above mentioned bots.

[Definition]

badbotscustom = EmailCollector|WebEMailExtrac|TrackBack/1\.02|sogou music spider
badbots = Atomic_Email_Hunter/4\.0|atSpider/1\.0|autoemailspider|bwh3_user_agent|China Local Browse 2\.6|ContactBot/0\.2|ContentSmartz|DataCha0s/2\.0|DBrowse 1\.4b|DBrowse 1\.4d|Demo Bot DOT 16b|Demo Bot Z 16b|DSurf15a 01|DSurf15a 71|DSurf15a 81|DSurf15a VA|EBrowse 1\.4b|Educate Search VxB|EmailSiphon|EmailSpider|EmailWolf 1\.00|ESurf15a 15|ExtractorPro|Franklin Locator 1\.8|FSurf15a 01|Full Web Bot 0416B|Full Web Bot 0516B|Full Web Bot 2816B|8484 Boston Project v 1\.0|Atomic_Email_Hunter/4\.0|atSpider/1\.0|autoemailspider|bwh3_user_agent|China Local Browse 2\.6|ContactBot/0\.2|ContentSmartz|DataCha0s/2\.0|DBrowse 1\.4b|DBrowse 1\.4d|Demo Bot DOT 16b|Demo Bot Z 16b|DSurf15a 01|DSurf15a 71|DSurf15a 81|DSurf15a VA|EBrowse 1\.4b|Educate Search VxB|EmailSiphon|EmailSpider|EmailWolf 1\.00|ESurf15a 15|ExtractorPro|Franklin Locator 1\.8|FSurf15a 01|Full Web Bot 0416B|Full Web Bot 0516B|Full Web Bot 2816B|8484 Boston Project v 1\.0|Atomic_Email_Hunter/4\.0|atSpider/1\.0|autoemailspider|bwh3_user_agent|China Local Browse 2\.6|ContactBot/0\.2|ContentSmartz|DataCha0s/2\.0|DBrowse 1\.4b|DBrowse 1\.4d|Demo Bot DOT 16b|Demo Bot Z 16b|DSurf15a 01|DSurf15a 71|DSurf15a 81|DSurf15a VA|EBrowse 1\.4b|Educate Search VxB|EmailSiphon|EmailSpider|EmailWolf 1\.00|ESurf15a 15|ExtractorPro|Franklin Locator 1\.8|FSurf15a 01|Full Web Bot 0416B|Full Web Bot 0516B|Full Web Bot 2816B|8484 Boston Project v 1\.0|Atomic_Email_Hunter/4\.0|atSpider/1\.0|autoemailspider|bwh3_user_agent|China Local Browse 2\.6|ContactBot/0\.2|ContentSmartz|DataCha0s/2\.0|DBrowse 1\.4b|DBrowse 1\.4d|Demo Bot DOT 16b|Demo Bot Z 16b|DSurf15a 01|DSurf15a 71|DSurf15a 81|DSurf15a VA|EBrowse 1\.4b|Educate Search VxB|EmailSiphon|EmailSpider|EmailWolf 1\.00|ESurf15a 15|ExtractorPro|Franklin Locator 1\.8|FSurf15a 01|Full Web Bot 0416B|Full Web Bot 0516B|Full Web Bot 2816B|8484 Boston Project v 1\.0|Atomic_Email_Hunter/4\.0|atSpider/1\.0|autoemailspider|bwh3_user_agent|China Local Browse 2\.6|ContactBot/0\.2|ContentSmartz|DataCha0s/2\.0|DBrowse 1\.4b|DBrowse 1\.4d|Demo Bot DOT 16b|Demo Bot Z 16b|DSurf15a 01|DSurf15a 71|DSurf15a 81|DSurf15a VA|EBrowse 1\.4b|Educate Search VxB|EmailSiphon|EmailSpider|EmailWolf 1\.00|ESurf15a 15|ExtractorPro|Franklin Locator 1\.8|FSurf15a 01|Full Web Bot 0416B|Full Web Bot 0516B|Full Web Bot 2816B

failregex = ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST).*HTTP.*"(?:%(badbots)s|%(badbotscustom)s)"$

ignoreregex =

# DEV Notes:
# List of bad bots fetched from http://www.user-agents.org
# Generated on Sat Feb  9 12:59:57 EST 2019 by ./files/gen_badbots.
#
# Author: Yaroslav Halchenko


Ubuntu 18.04: Steam Proton / Steam Play Games doesnt start

I have found a Solution: The Steam Library was installed on a NTFS-Partition.
I moved the Library to a ext4 Partition. Now it works well


What's the difference between transmission-daemon and service transmission-daemon?

transmission-daemon by itself is a direct invocation of the program /usr/bin/transmission-daemon. This directly accepts options, but is not the correct way of running the daemon - it will run as yourself and hence exit when you log off.

service transmission-daemon refers to a script /etc/init.d/transmission-daemon. This script checks for a running instance of transmission-daemon when starting/restarting etc, and runs the daemon as a specific user (also called transmission-daemon). This is also the mechanism that will automatically launch the daemon at startup, if enabled.

You shouldn't edit this script to add options, but rather the daemon's configuration file - /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json. See the transmission website for an explanation of the options. Note that you'll need to stop transmission-daemon (sudo service transmission-daemon stop) before making changes, otherwise the daemon will overwrite the settings with the ones it is currently using when it exits.


The problem why simply adding the text kernel parameter in GRUB to the live Ubuntu's boot options no longer works since 15.04 is actually our good old friend and enemy systemd once again. It ignores this option and just normally boots to its default target, which is graphical.target for a desktop GUI. For text mode, you would need multi-user.target though.

After a bit of research, I found out that it is indeed possible to specify the systemd target to load as kernel parameter at boot time in GRUB, it is:

systemd.unit=multi-user.target

Append that to the kernel boot options instead of text as you used to do in older releases and you should be fine.

Sources: Arch Wiki: systemd and "Non-graphical boot with systemd" on Unix&Linux


Default path changed after uninstalling python and reinstalling ubuntu-desktop

OP wrote:

  [...]the problem was with the $PS1 variable in the ~/.bashrc. There was
  another line above, and I just uncomment it and comment the second
  one. The new echo $PS1 is \[\e]0;\u@\h:
  \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ $(parse_git_branch)$(parse_svn_branch).


systemd-networkd - No networking in recovery mode

1: Boot to recovery mode
2: Drop to a root shell prompt (read only)
3: Remount file system to read and write:
mount --options remount,rw /
mount --all

4: Add dns server just to be safe that DNS will work:
vi /etc/resolv.conf

add
nameserver 8.8.8.8

(8.8.8.8 is the Google DNS server)
5: Reboot and get into a root shell again with read/write access
Remount to read and write:
mount --options remount,rw /
mount --all

6: Stop networking:
systemctl stop network-manager

7: Setup wireless connection and scan:
ifconfig wlan_name up

iwlist wlan_name scan

8: Create wpa configuration file and connect:
wpa_passphrase NETWORK_ID WIRELESS_KEY > /home/(username)/wpa.conf

wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan_name -c /home/(username)/wpa.conf

Ignore any IOCSIWENCODEEXT and SIOCSIWGENIE errors, and finally run:
dhclient wlan_name

If you don't want to create a file to save your config, use these commands instead:
iwconfig wlan_name essid NETWORK_ID key s:WIRELESS_KEY

dhclient wlan_name

Source:
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2164398


Can I Hurt my Ubuntu System by installing LXDE

Whenever you add or update a package, it's possible that the package or its dependences will have bugs that can affect how the rest of your system preforms.  The most common way this happens is that currently working customized configuration files are over written by the default version upon installation of an updated package (the bug I mention below is a result of this).

However, especially when a user is trying to install a package that is no longer maintained, or one that hasn't yet been accepted to the general repository, it's not all that uncommon to come across dependency related issues.

The most simple form of this is a versioning issue that is caused when the package you want to install has a co-dependancies with other packages on your system that can only be satisfied by installing an downstream or upstream version of a file on your system.

While usually not a problem, package-maintainers often claim that their package has indefinite forward compatibly with packages they are dependant on.  However if the maintainer of the package depended on makes an unexpected change upstream, this can break your system (and indeed has caused me problems when adding new desktop environments to saucy)

In other cases, the dependences required by the package you are installing conflict with what's already installed on your system.  When this happens the package manager may ask you to remove some packages that you may be relying on in order to install and satisfy the dependencies of the new packages.   This can be avoided by carefully reviewing the purpose any packages that are requested for removal.

In some rare cases where packages on your system did not adequately declare all of their dependencies, you may find some packages no longer work even though they claim to have all their dependencies satisfied.

If you always use either synaptic, or aptitude to do your package installs, then you'll have a better chance of recovering form this situation.  Unlike apt-get, synaptic, and aptitude keep a log of exactly what was installed and removed, and thus allow you to easily revert to your previous state.

I have personally experienced a problem with trying to co-install Unity and another lightweight desktop environment, so I wouldn't be surprised to hear that LXDE also doesn't work well with unity installed.  That said, the likely hood is low and recovery via aptitude (or synaptic provide you can still access the GUI) is easy.

Nevertheless, I found the fight to keep unity happy with openbox and enlightenment really wasn't worth it to me, especially considering the extremely slow performance of Unity's dash.

After trying a plethora of other environments and distros, I settled on KDE via Kubuntu and/or LinuxMint as a better choice to replace Unity as a full fledged desktop because it still provides access to ubuntu support channels, and overall seemes to be better suited for traditional desktop use.  I do, however, still run Unity on my lower powered netbooks/nettops/tablets where I'm less likely to use dash anyway.


How do I save Updates/Installed Packages?

For backup of all your GNU/Linux system, use Remastersys

It can make a full system backup including personal data to a live cd or dvd that you can use anywhere and install. It'll create a ISO image compressed.

What happens with drivers?

Things like the graphics card and other hardware will be configured and setup automatically and you do not have to use identical hardware. But there is a problem with the Nvidia and AMD proprietary drivers so they will not be available on the live system and will need to be reinstalled after installation of your custom system.

Size of ISO

The maximum single file size for the ISO to be set at 4GB which means the entire compressed.

Where I can burn?

The ISO can be easily backed up to a dvd or external portable drive and copied back afterwards.

For save only your updates:

Save all the package, files located in /var/cache/apt/archives. And do a backup of the repository indexes, files located in /var/lib/apt/lists.

Now in the other computer launch Synaptic and select: File->Add Package Downloaded

Then search the folder were you put the files and open it, accept all. With your repository indexes you will not have dependency problems.


WIndows XP desktop, CD drive and no USB boot option

Yes there is a way and i've used it before, You will need a cd, but the size doesn't matter. There are many other ways. You can use Plop: http://www.plop.at/en/bootmanager/download.html to install it you burn the iso. Then boot of it, and select usb to boot of your usb with ubuntu on it.


How do I force Recoll to not check file contents?

If you really want to do this, you can add the following line to $HOME/.recoll/recoll.conf:

indexedmimetypes = none

But, as Ron noted, this does not make much sense. 'locate' or any as its front-ends will do the job, just as "instantaneously"


Taking input from a file and writing to it in the same command

You want sponge ; it's in the moreutils package.

cat file.txt | encoder | sponge file.txt


If you use the option labeled "Guided - Use entire disk and setup LVM"
and then keep clicking Yes or Next, then everything will install just fine.

keep in mind that this will erase everything on your disk.


etc/apt/sources.list file for Ubuntu 17.10

A standard sources.list file for Ubuntu 17.10 (Artful Aardvark) looks like this:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu artful partner

A standard sources.list file for Ubuntu 18.04 looks the same as the above sources.list except all 5 times artful appears it is replaced by bionic

Make sure to run this command after changing sources.list to refresh the list of available software.

sudo apt update


I have not tried this, but you should be able to install Docky and then the timer-applet on it.
Check Install Docky Stacks From An Ubuntu PPA
and, Enhance your productivity with Docky’s timer applet.


How to upgrade libgnutls30 from 3.5.18 to 3.6.6 through dpkg or other ways

From other forums, I found the solution.
The root cause is that the download is corrupted.
So I re download again, namely, I execute

wget http://ftp.br.debian.org/debian/pool/main/g/gnutls28/libgnutls30_3.6.6-2_amd64.deb

again.

The system automatically named it libgnutls30_3.6.6-2_amd64.deb.2

And then we can run dpkg -i libgnutls30_3.6.6-2_amd64.deb.2


using cp command without destination operand on large directory does not give error and uses up disk space

On closer inspection, I saw my cp command and noticed that I had forgotten to put a '.' as the second operand to direct the copy to my current directory, and it did NOT give an error?

Why should it? In cp -r ../dhcppc0/*, cp is not handling ../dhcppc0/*. The shell expands ../dhcppc0/*, and then passes the expanded content to cp. So if it expanded into ../dhcppc0/bar, ../dhcppc0/baz, and  ../dhcppc0/foo, then the expanded command would be:

cp -r ../dhcppc0/bar ../dhcppc0/baz ../dhcppc0/foo

And if foo is a directory, cp will happily copy all the content of the other directories to foo.

  [W]hat and where is all the disk space gone? and how to I get it back? is there some temporary buffer space somewhere on the system that I can clear?

Do echo  ../dhcppc0/*, look at the last name that comes up and inspect that directory.

This is why when copying directories or using wildcards, always use the -t paramater:

cp -t . ../dhcppc0/*
# or cp --target-directory . ../dhcppc0/*

And note that you will miss out on any dot-folders and dot-files if you use *. You don't need to use it, so better to simply do:

cp -t . ../dhcppc0/


There is no on button showing in gnome shell extension

No need for a screenshot, just log out of your current session.

If you're on 11.10, click the cog button above where you enter your password, and it will let you select gnome 3 as your shell. Then you'll be able to enjoy a far superior UI to unity for as long as you want.

If you're using 11.04 I've heard you can't go back to unity after using it, because it messes with gtk2 (I don't know -- I never tried to go back), but the process is approximately the same, only this time the selection will be at the bottom of the screen, near where you select the keyboard.


How to configure Tilix to start with 4 splitted terminals by default

Surprisingly, there indeed appears no direct way to indicate Tilix to always start with a certain configuration. You can achieve it in a somewhat more convoluted way. Key is to save a .json configuration file of your current session, then load Tilix with that session using the --session option.
Open Tilix, and open splits the way you want. Then hit Ctrl+S to save the session. Specify a name for the .json configuration file. You could save the configuration file for example as .config/tilix-split. You can then open tilix with
tilix --session=~/.config/tilix-split.json

in the desired layout.
▶ To conveniently launch tilix this way in a terminal, you can create an alias:
alias tilix="tilix --session=~/.config/tilix-split.json"

▶ To launch it this way from a keyboard shortcut, specify the full command for the keyboard shortcut.
▶ To launch it this way from your application menu, you need to customize the launcher of Tilix:

Copy the file /usr/share/applications/com.gexperts.Tilix.desktop to the folder .local/share/applications under your home folder.
Edit the copy, and change the line that reads Exec=tilix to Exec=tilix --session=~/.config/tilix-split.json.


Wifi only works after reboot - how to comepltely reset wifi?

I had issues also.  Now I love Wicd Network Manger.  I will have nothing available through the wifi settings in Ubuntu and Wicd sees my connections, lets me choose and connects while Ubuntu's Wifi still shows a 802.1x error. also try this cmd, worked well for me
maybe sudo in front: systemctl start NetworkManager I thought for a while it was my intel 8260. Could be driver problem with Ubuntu?  Hope it helps you, did me.


How to reinstall Ubuntu over my old installation?

What would you want to happen.

The installation will provide you with a few options - one of them to re-install, the other to use existing space and install there. Of course, you can always choose the custom way of doing things your own way, but there is a risk is you are not sure how to handle the partitions.

The re-install will remove and overwrite your partitions, along with any data you have on them, so tread carefully there. You won't have too remove the old os.


Are there any known vulnerabilities to Ubuntu's full disk encryption feature?

There are no currently known vulnerabilities in encryption in Ubuntu 11.10. There have been some. Generally the ecryptfs vulnerabilities involved an attacker already logged into your system who could cause denial of service. There was a LUKS problem in which users were surprised that a simple configuration option in a partitioning tool could fully and permanently destroy a partition.

In about 5 * 10^9 years, we expect this planet will be engulfed by the expanding Sun. AES-256 encryption can quite possibly resist attack for that long. However, as you seem to be aware, there are many other potential weaknesses and they bear repeating.

Will you know that you encrypted the disk effectively? It's complicated. Thoughtful people disagree about which installation options are sufficiently effective. Did you know that you're supposed to install full-disk encryption from Ubuntu's alternate install CD using LUKS, not ecryptfs? Did you know that LUKS has stored the passphrase in RAM in plain text, or that once a file is unlocked by any user via ecryptfs, then ecryptfs does not protect it from any other user? Was your disk ever connected to a system that permitted attaching unencrypted storage, rather than setting an explicit SELinux policy to prohibit that? Where did you keep your backups of your encrypted disk? You made backups because you knew that encrypted disks are much more sensitive to normal errors, right?

Are you sure your passphrase is not among the top billions (more like trillions, or whatever it is now) of possibilities that might be guessed? Is the person attempting to decrypt your disk really a random, poorly motivated and funded, unresourceful stranger? Are you sure your passphrase could not have been obtained by software tampering ("evil maid" attack), observing the running system ("shoulder surfing", "black bag" or "cold boot" attacks), etc.? How well have you avoided attacks that everyone gets: email and download viruses, malicious JavaScript, phishing?

How deeply are you committed to keeping your passphrase secret? What jurisdictions will you be in? Would you be content to go to prison? Are there other people who know the secrets that are protected by your disk encryption? Do you want to pay the price for your secrets even if those people reveal them?


How do I capture the output of a command and put it in a label?

This is not really a Quickly question, but a  pure Python one.

Have a look at the Subprocess documentation, especially the check_output method.

You could do something like this (untested):

def on_apachestart_clicked(self, widget):
    result = subprocess.check_output(['sudo', 'service', 'apache2', 'start'])
    if result.split('[ ')[1].startswith('OK'):
        text = "Success!"
    else:
        text = "Failed!"
    self.label1.set_text(text)

Maybe also catch the CalledProcessError in the call.


You can't upgrade Kali(backtracks' new name) to Ubuntu. Kali is Debian Testing based.


Error on Multiboot (Windows 10 + Lubuntu 19): "Failed to boot both default and fallback entries"

I finally got it working (none of the other suggestions here worked, but thanks!)

If anyone is interested, here's how

Installed Grub2Win in Windows, then in it added a new entry to Manage Boot Menu, Title: Lubuntu 19.10, Entry type: Custom code with following:

set partlabel=LUBUNTU
getbootpartition  label  $partlabel
linux   /boot/vmlinuz    verbose root=LABEL=$partlabel
initrd  /boot/initrd.img

Quit, shutdown
Labelled the Lubuntu partition via GParted Live CD to LUBUNTU (this is important!), Reboot
'Lubuntu 19.10' added as 2nd entry to PC's Power On Boot Menu created by Grub2Win

Now the PC boots via Wake-On-LAN and autoloads into Windows 10 (as desired.) If I need to use Lubuntu, I just have to select it from the Boot Menu presented if I manually turn on the PC (as desired.)

(I don't fully understand why nothing worked via Lubuntu's own GRUB Customizer, probably something to do with EFI Partition and Wake-On-LAN not playing well together.)


If your computer is running on Ubuntu 18.04, you can follow this method:

Open Terminal (alt+ctl+T)
Type of copy and past sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer then press Enter
Blindly type root user password and then Enter
Y followed by Enter
Wait until the installation is complete

Don't forget to restart your Browser

Hope it helps!


Can Ubuntu be installed on Dell XPS15 9530

Yes, it will work fairly well. See the answer and comments here Does Ubuntu work on the 2013 Dell XPS 15 (9530)?

If you have anything you wanna keep on your computer like documents and pictures, you will need to make a backup of it on some external device or cloud service or it will be permanently deleted.

You can't brick a computer in any serious way by installing Ubuntu. A install can in some rare cases cause a soft-brick so it won't boot into the OS, but then it's often easily fixable by some simple setting like nomodeset, or simply a matter of reinstalling or installing another OS of your choice. Given the popularity of Ubuntu, Ubuntu is likely one of the OS's with least possibility of causing soft-brick by install.

Welcome on board! :)


how to select the specific string from 'ls' command console output?

ls -d [!b]*[13579]

This command will select all files whose name doesn't start with 'b' and ends with a odd number.


Lubuntu three monitor setup - Make middle one primary - Tray icons not appearing (3rd monitor has smaller resolution)

Similar problem - but with two monitors and not such good ones :-(

If I make sure the edge of the monitor with the task bar are aligned (xrandr or ARandR gui tool), the task bar still extends across both monitors - but I can at least see tray icons.

Not ideal - but I have yet to find any other solution.

4 minutes later :-)

Hmmm - just found another solution. right click on the panel, select Panel Settings -> Geometry. Set the Panel Width to Pixels, put in the width of the monitor you want it on. I have mine set to the left-most monitor - to get it onto the middle monitor, playing with the alignment and adding a margin should work :-)


Startupmanager no longer exists in the 12.04 repositories.

This application has been superseded by much better tools

You can use excellent alternatives (but not in the official repositories):

grub-customizer

If you are looking about how to customise certain aspects of grub then there are great questions here on Ask Ubuntu:

Decrease GRUB timeout
How do I set Windows to boot as the default in the boot loader?
GRUB background resolution and text?
Change boot entry names and grub background?


$ sudo dd if=/dev/dvd of=dvd.iso

A little explanation

sudo makes sure the command is executed as root. That's needed only if the user you're working under doesn't have enough permissions to access the device. But it's ignored if it's not needed so you can just ignore it as well.

dd stands for Disk Dump
if stands for Input File
of stands for Output File


The application is probably re-creating the file as a regular file (e.g. imagine a delete followed by file creation).

You can track down this behaviour by using strace.


You don't have to upgrade the system. Update youtube-dl by adding this PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install youtube-dl

Then you may download any video as usual. For example:

youtube-dl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ix1rD4JD3eo


Configure Remmina or other GUI control app through ssh without X forwarding

My understanding is that you were trying to execute Reminna on your target computer, i.e. W. That's not the way to do it.

Method #1

You need to

change your W AND B computer settings to allow remote desktop connection
Use a remote desktop client (e.g. Reminna) from your H computer, connect to B. You would see your desktop on B. Use Reminna (or any other remote desktop client) on B to connect to H.
 3.

To enable Remote Desktop Connection on a host computer (here W, and B) from terminal you should do the following (assumign the hosts are also Ubuntu):

Enable remote desktop sharing
set the authentication method to vnc
Restart lightdm

dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/remote-access/enabled true
dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/remote-access/prompt-enabled false
dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/remote-access/authentication-methods "['vnc']"
dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/remote-access/require-encryption false
sudo service lightdm restart

You may also want to disable lock on suspend and keep the screen live on the host computers:

dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/screensaver/lock-enabled false
dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/screensaver/ubuntu-lock-on-suspend false
dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/session/idle-delay "uint32 0"

Then on your client machine, (first on H, and then on B) use Reminna to connect to the host (H -> B, and then B -> W).  Make sure that you set your Reminna connection to us VNC as protocol, and Enable SSH tunnel.

Method #2
The steps for setting the host W to share desktop is the same as before.
The steps for using Reminna on H is also the same.

The alternative way is to configure your computer B to act as a Bridge Network Connection. This is advanced, unless you know what you are doing and you have the admin privilages, you should not do this. Or get help from your IT team.
In case you want to try doing this, check this page.


Virtual Audio Sink (Virtual Audio Cable) on Ubuntu

Pulse Audio allows you to create virtual sinks.
#Start pulseaudio daemon
pulseaudio -D
#Create a virtual sink (the software that is the source of your audio will output to this sink)
pactl load-module module-null-sink sink_name=vspeaker sink_properties=device.description=virtual_speaker

Pulse audio naturally creates a source for this sink called vspeaker.remote which you can remap as a virtual mic.
pactl load-module module-remap-source master=vspeaker.monitor source_name=vmic source_properties=device.description=virtual_mic

Now open up pavucontrol and assign the software that is the source of your audio to output to vspeaker. Assign Discord or whatever else you want to route this audio to, to use vmic as a mic.
Some more info is here.
The link you've given uses alsa-loopback - similar, but probably more complicated to use than pulse audio.


Unity in Ubuntu 10.10 doesn't run very well on certain systems and unfortunately, there's nothing you can do about it. Personally, I'd just use Ubuntu 10.04 with the old netbook interface, and wait for Ubuntu 11.04 with Unity/Compiz, which is a major step forward performance-wise.

Edit: Maybe you can install the old netbook interface in 10.10. I haven't tried this, but here's a question covering this topic: Uninstall Unity, rewind to old UNR interface, keeping 10.10?


ubuntu 12.04 in vmware can't detect the shared folders

There is another askubuntu.com article that helped me with this problem:
How do I mount shared folders in Ubuntu using VMware tools?.

The article is meant for win7 but the solution also worked for my mac.


The image says that your are installing Ubuntu 11.10. Can you be more specific about what exactly your are having issues with when attempting to install Ubuntu 12.04? You can download Ubuntu 12.04 (Intel x86) from here. Copying the iso file to a USB from that link, and then rebooting your computer and pressing F12 should help you boot up into Ubuntu. If you need more help, feel free to look at tutorials such as this one.


Can't add Canadian Multilingual keyboard layout in Lubuntu

You can use setxkbmap to change your keyboard layout settings. Just open a terminal window and type:

setxkbmap ca multix

This will get you a Canadian Multilingual Standard keyboard layout. You can also create a desktop launcher with your keyboard layouts. Create a file named multix.desktop in $HOME\Desktop and open it with a text editor. Add the following lines:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Exec=/usr/bin/setxkbmap ca multix
Name=Keyboard Layout
StartupNotify=false
Name[fr_CA]=multix

If you prefer to use the old Canadian French keyboard layout you can use setxkbmap ca and to get back to the US layout use setxkbmap us.


Netinstall PXE for Ubuntu 13.04 keeps rebooting

Turns out that the pxelinux.0 i was using was largely outdated, and couldn't boot properly.

Fortunately Ubuntu ships a good pxelinux.0 kernel at the address http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/

and those should be used to load the PXE system.

In addition I had problems with the configuration, but in that folder the Ubuntu team placed the whole configuration to boot the system, so I just copyied it and it started.


"Failed to open/Failed to load image" messages for EFI files

Your computer uses EFI firmware, and the Boot Repair output looks like the computer came with a Windows installation that you deleted and replaced with Ubuntu. I know you say it came with "an Acer Linux distribution," which is why I'm leading with what your Boot Repair output suggests, since the two are at odds. My suspicion is that, for whatever reason (maybe a defective firmware), Acer installed their Linux boot loader in a way that makes it look like the Windows boot loader, and the computer is still trying to boot via that boot loader. Other changes must have deleted follow-up boot loader programs, resulting in the error messages you're seeing.

I can think of several ways to fix this problem, but none of them is guaranteed to work, so you may need to try multiple approaches. I'll describe a couple that are most likely to work....

Method 1: Boot Repair

Boot your Ubuntu installation medium in "try before installing" mode.
Launch Boot Repair.
Click the Advanced Options item.
Select the "Backup and Rename Windows EFI Files" option.
Click Apply to run Boot Repair.

Method 2: rEFInd

Download the CD-R or USB flash drive version of my rEFInd boot manager from the links here.
Create a medium using the image you downloaded.
Boot into your firmware setup utility and disable Secure Boot. Unfortunately, how you do this varies from one system to another. See this page of mine for several examples of how to do it.
Boot with the rEFInd medium.
In rEFInd, select a Linux kernel image (Boot boot\vmlinuz...) to boot your current Ubuntu installation.
Install rEFInd by using the Debian package or PPA.
Reboot. If rEFInd comes up, you should be able to boot Ubuntu and you'll be good. If not....
Boot with the rEFInd medium you prepared earlier, and boot to Ubuntu, as in step #5.
Open a terminal and type sudo mvrefind /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot.
Reboot. With any luck, rEFInd will appear.

You may optionally re-enable Secure Boot, and you may want to delete redundant boot loader files from /boot/efi/EFI/*/ directories or edit refind.conf in /boot/efi/EFI/refind/ or /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot to uncomment and add boot loaders to the dont_scan_dirs or dont_scan_files lines.


Cursor from login screen does not go away after logging in

I had same problem after activate fractional scaling in display settings. Try to disable this.


Notifications problem, notify-osd is deleted

Reinstall notify-osd package again using the command in a terminal

sudo apt-get --reinstall install notify-osd

It will restore the file.

And for God's sake, don't delete random files here are there without knowing what that file's responsibility is. You will fall into trouble


sudo problem. I can't write my password to terminal

Instead of doing su root, you should use sudo instead, as the root account is not enabled by default in Ubuntu, and will not work. This is why you are getting an "Authentication failure" message.

Regarding password entry - it won't show you anything as you type, but, it will accept your password after you press enter. Make sure you entered the right password.

This is a security feature so that someone looking over your shoulder doesn't know how many characters your password has.


I had the problem of invisible mouse pointer after an upgrade from Ubuntu 14.04 to 16.04, though the mouse pointer was always invisible (even after several reboots). Plus neither the solution to press 'Ctrl + Alt + F1' and 'Ctrl + Alt + F7' successively, nor to enter commands in the terminal worked for me.

But I tried the solution of user417467 edited by Ravan, which you can see here Mouse cursor invisible after 15.04 update. So here is what I did :

Open a terminal ('Ctrl + Alt + T' for me) ;
Type sudo apt-get install gdm to install gdm ;
In my case, the installation ended by the question wheter I wanted to use 'gdm3' or 'lightgdm' as display manager. I chose 'lightgdm'.
I rebooted.

My mouse cursor was back, and everything seems to work fine so far.


Changing the color of the openbox menu can be done with the program openbox configuration manager or obconf from the command line. Lubuntu comes with several different themes preinstalled. To choose that particular theme for the color of the menu looks like oynx-Citrus. If you wish to add an external theme like one you downloaded from boxlook.org you can click the install new theme and point it at the .obt archive. If you have lxappearnce and lxappearnce-obconf the window border tab also lets you have the same functionality just in a different application.

The content and the items in the menu are actually stored in an xml file. The full specification is found at http://openbox.org/wiki/Help:Menus. If you want a GUI application to make your own custom menus I suggest the obmenu package. http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/utopic/en/man1/obmenu.1.html


Kill Software Center and open it again. The broken task should die with it, and you can go back to using it normally.


I would like to wipe my encrypted HD and start all over (kubuntu)

I assume by the fact that you're asking ths question that you no longer have the live usb drive you used originally?

The easiest way would be to pop down to your local supermarket, grab a Linux Format (o other) magazine with a coverdisk.

If you're lucky, Kubuntu will be one of this month's live distros. If not, just use one of them to download the distro of your choice and you can then install it the way you did in the first place.

If you encrypt your drive again my advice would be to keep a copy of the password somewhere (sometimes I'll even email them to myself so I can search on my phone)
Yes, it reduces security slightly but security can be a hindrance when you forget a password and sometimes you have to balance risk with usefulness.


Hardware acceleration of Chrome's Flash plugin

You should check your about:gpu section in Chrome/ium. In older PC's HW Acceleration is disabled by default and you only can enable it by overriding the settings in the about:flags.

Open the about:flags in your address bar
Look for Override software redendering list
Click "Enable"
Restart Chrome/ium

You can also start chrome using chrome --ignore-gpu-blacklist but having to do so each time is not ideal.


Ubuntu doesn't show up after complete installation

First option
try this if it does not work try below one.
Try entering your BIOS menu by entering f10 or f9 or f12 or delete key OR any other key that you can try.
Once there, there will be an option for boot order and in that after selecting OS boot there will be options for choosing windows OR ubuntu as first option.
In my BIOS for rearranging I have to press f6 and f5 yours may be different.

second option
Make a live Ubuntu USB or CD and boot to it.
Select "try Ubuntu without installing" Once there, open terminal and execute the following:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

After installing, open it by executing boot-repair and select recommended repair then follow on screen instructions.
After booting for first time  execute sudo update-grub to add all entries and you are good to go


How to open a PDF form file that says Please wait...?

Try Master PDF Editor (proprietary). The free version is good for viewing, but for editing probably not (I read that it leaves watermarks).

You can also use the outdated, unsupported, probably very insecure, old Adobe Reader 9 for Linux.


The only way I've found to fix this is to save my project, close KDEnlive, then relaunch and open the project.  KDEnlive will pop up a box with all the missing clips and give you the option to search recursively to find them.

Once it finds each clips' new folder, click "OK".

Be sure to save your project again after KDEnlive has made the changes.

(aside: would be nice if KDEnlive had an option to perform this recursive search when right-clicking a clip that has gone "missing"... maybe someday)


An example script to get all users logged in and send a warning to them. After the first time the script is run the log must be checked to see if the cut field needs adjustment, due to potential differences in who's output. On subsequent uses the logging echo lines can be commented out. The while loop is overkill for a single user system but may prove useful.

#!/bin/bash
###
USERLIST=($(who | sed -e 's/[)(]//g' -e 's/  */ /g' | cut -d ' ' -f1,5 | sort -u | tr -d '\n'))
LOG=/tmp/"$(basename $0)".log
###
echo "$(who | sed -e 's/[)(]//g' -e 's/  */ /g')" >> $LOG
echo "${USERLIST[@]}" >> $LOG
C=0
while [ $C -lt ${#USERLIST[@]} ]
    do
        D=$((C + 1))
        export DISPLAY="${USERLIST[$D]}"
        export XAUTHORITY="/home/${USERLIST[$C]}/.Xauthority"
        export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$(id -u ${USERLIST[$C]})
        /usr/bin/notify-send 'shutdown warning'
        C=$((C + 2))
    done


How do I configure my static DNS in interfaces?

As the questioner gives the contents of his /etc/network/interfaces I infer that he is using ifup to configure interfaces. But since he may actually be using NetworkManager, I will discuss that as well.

If you are using ifup then DNS settings go in /etc/network/interfaces.  For each interface you add dns-* options appropriate for the nameserver(s) available over that interface.  E.g., if a nameserver at address 1.2.3.4 is available over interface eth0, then add dns-nameservers 1.2.3.4 to the iface eth0 stanza.

If you are using NetworkManager then settings are entered in the Connection Editor (network indicator | Edit Connections...) in the IPv4 Settings tab.

Doing /etc/init.d/networking restart to reconfigure interfaces is deprecated. If you are using ifup then first ifdown each active network interface, then ifup each interface. If you are using NetworkManager then, first, disable networking using the indicator (top of the desktop); then open a terminal and run

sudo /etc/init.d/network-manager restart

and then enable networking using the indicator.

Or you can just reboot.

Regarding the fact that /etc/init.d/networking restart resulted in

RTNETLINK answers: File exists
Failed to bring up eth0

This means that ifupdown thinks that eth0 is already up. Use ifdown --force eth0 to cause ifupdown to stop believing that it has already configured the interface.

Regarding the "deprecated" message, this message is no longer printed in Ubuntu 12.10 but you should still note that initscripts are "on their way out". To restart a service foo, use service foo restart or restart foo. Note also that if you want to reconfigure your interfaces it is better to ifdown them one by one than to rely on restarting "networking".


Running programs are not displayed in the panel

Maybe the taskbar (Windows List) has been removed?

Right click on bottom panel, that click Add to panel, select Windows List and confirm.


Touchscreen ELO(touch) not recognized on Lubuntu at startup

Been looking for a solution for 3 days. Finally found it thanks to the sources below. For anybody who is facing a similar problem. You need to add the following rule to /lib/udev/rules.d/40-inputattach.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="tty", KERNEL=="ttyS4", ACTION=="add|change", RUN+="/lib/udev/inputattach --elotouch /dev/%k"

http://who-t.blogspot.nl/2012/07/elographics-touchscreen-setup.html

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touchscreen

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EloTouchScreen


Where do I go to learn about writing device-drivers

Since you are asking here at askubuntu, I'll just assume that you intend to develop for the Linux kernel. You are not mentioning anything in specific, so here are some tips:

Concept:

  A device driver is a program that controls a particular type of device that is attached to your computer.

This means that a device driver acts as translator between a hardware device and the applications or operating systems that use it.

Requisits:

  In order to develop Linux device drivers, it is necessary to have an understanding of the following:

  C programming. Some in-depth knowledge of C programming is needed, like pointer usage, bit manipulating functions, etc.
  Microprocessor programming. It is necessary to know how microcomputers work internally: memory addressing, interrupts, etc. All of these concepts should be familiar to an assembler programmer.
  Last but not the least, the Linux Kernel is what stands between all that you'll be doing.

Resources, Links and Help:

Writing device drivers in Linux: A brief tutorial (knowing what you're in for)
Linux Kernel 2.6 Programming guide (learning about the backstage)
Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition (PDF)
UbuntuDevelopment (here you might get some help from other Ubuntu developers)

Practical example:

A step by step how-to, with a goal of making a simple USB lamp device, and its driver for Linux:

Writing a Simple USB Driver | Linux Journal

  Give your Linux box a multicolored light you can see from across the room, and learn how to write a simple driver for the next piece of hardware you want to hook up.


If you are using Compiz, this answer provides a good way to do the trick by using it in combination with the "Commands" plugin inside of Compiz.

What I did is to set the proper command line in the desired position, as shown in the next screenshot:

The commands starts in the "Command line 3"

Then we can setup the proper key binding for each command in the "Key Bindings" tab as shown in the next screenshot:

The proper key bindings also starts in the "Run Command 3"

It is working, and must work on every Compiz based/capable desktop environment. I am using XFCE for this example and this trick is doing a great work. And this also works in Unity. I hope this help you.

Good luck!


Ubuntu 13.04 Wallpapers
 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-wallpapers-raring

System Settings > Appearance > Wallpapers


how to open multiple vlc interface (window) in xubuntu 14.04 lts

Open Vlc Media player. Choose preferences from the tools option in menu bar. Under Interface tab, disable both "Use only one instance when started from file-manager","Allow only one instance" options and click on save to save the changes.

Now you can be able to open two interfaces for vlc at the same time.