Lubuntu 20.04 denies my own hard disk partition any access

Addressing your questions:

The way I understand it, the lubuntu file manager doesn't let one use any partition that doesn't have a mount point unless one has root access.

and

I never would have had to change permission to a brand new-formatted hard disk as if it is owned by someone else.

It's not about Lubuntu. This works like this in Ubuntu and at least several other Linux distributions.
This is not about the file manager. Command line access also works like this.
It's not about the disk or the partitions. It's about the folders. (And later on, the contents of those folders too, like files and subdirectories in them. But that comes later.)

Do an experiment:
sudo mkdir /mnt/test_dir_1

or, to demonstrate that it's not related to /mnt at all, another one directly in /:
sudo mkdir /test_dir_2

As you have seen, sudo was needed to create these directories.

Nothing is mounted, nothing is about disks; these are just normal directories.

Now go ahead and try to copy anything into these directories.

Errrr. Permission denied. You need sudo to change the contents of these directories at all.

Why is that? Because you have created them with sudo. And you had to use sudo because they are outside your /home/<YOURUSERNAME> directory. You get to freely move things around and change files only in your user's own directory. Elsewhere you get restricted very soon.
/mnt/, /mnt/test_dir_1, and /test_dir_2 are outside of your home directory, and therefore restricted areas for your user. You need sudo to put or modify anything in there. In most of the places you get at least a read permission without sudo: listing contents and opening files are allowed. But changing anything requires sudo. This is standard Linux stuff. Later on we will get to why it works like that.

The funny thing is, without root access I couldn't even modify the fstab file.

Now you see why. the /etc/fstab file is in /etc, a highly restricted system folder.

Now comes a different experiment. Follow along:
# This creates an empty text file:
sudo touch /mnt/test_dir_1/test.txt

# This lists the contents and shows you the new file in there:
ls -l /mnt/test_dir_1

Now when you mount a partition, then things can get a bit (more) confusing.
Mounting a partition to /mnt/test_dir_1 somehow replaces that directory with another one, one that represents the partition.
test.txt will disappear from /mnt/test_dir_1, while the partition is mounted there.
When you unmount the partition with the umount command, the original contents "return", and you get to see test.txt in there again.

On to:

when I did use the chown command with sudo, nothing happened, neither did it fix the problem. It just accepted the command but didn't react to it in any way.

When chown manages to run without any issues, it does not return any message.
The reason you might have not perceived any change afterwards, could be that all the contents in there were already impacted by the fact that you have previously used the file manager as administrator, to create and modify them. Now all that content belongs to root, not you. Permission is still denied to your user, you still need sudo to modify them.
Theoretically,
sudo chown -R YOURUSERNAME:YOURUSERNAME /mnt/my_stuff

(note the -R part, for recursive) should fix that.
By now, you may notice that it makes an important difference whether the partition is mounted on this directory or not, when you issue this command.
For a good measure, in this specific case, you can run it in both cases. Once when the partition is not mounted, and once when it is. That should do it.
How can you form an idea about ownership and permissions?
Use the ls -l command to list stuff in a directory. That shows you.
Let's use our previous example where we used sudo touch to create a text file.
ls -l /mnt/test_dir_1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb 14 16:26 test.txt

This line shows you that the test.txt file is owned by the root user belonging in the root group.
# This will change the ownership of all contents, giving them to you.
sudo chown -R YOURUSERNAME:YOURUSERNAME /mnt/test_dir_1

ls -l /mnt/test_dir_1
-rw-r--r-- 1 YOURUSERNAME YOURUSERNAME 0 Feb 14 16:26 test.txt

But why does it all have to work that way?
I believe it's for system security. When you log in, you end up as your regular non-sudo user.
Any command that is issued, and any script that is being run, is being done so as your user. If you want to do anything that would impact the system itself, you have to authenticate first, with your password, triggered by sudo before commands.
Thing is, scripts can sometimes run without your knowledge. Potentially malicious  scripts might find their way onto the computer, might run in the background, and try to change the system. But thanks to this system of restrictions nearly everywhere, an evil script will not get far compromising the system. Because everything is protected by this system of ownership and permissions.

A theoretical demonstration for this kind of defense could be a case called "arbitrary code execution" vulnerability. It can happen to various programs that process data that is originating from outside of your computer; like content originating from the internet.
Video codecs can sometimes suffer from this kind of vulnerablity. When you watch a maliciously prepared video, the video stream may contain a "booby-trap" for the video-parser codec that the video-player app uses. That can trick the codec/player into a so-called "arbitrary code execution" state, where a "script" is being spawned and being run on your system.
Then it's important that the video player app is being run by your user. That way the spawned and executed malicious code will also be run on behalf of your user: Without having the sudo password, the script will end up failing to meet its goal.
A long-term defense of course is to keep updating packages on the system. As soon as such vulnerabilities are identified in software, an update is being released for them, and the new, improved version replaces the old vulnerable one.
But the system of controlled ownership and permissions nicely held your system together even before installing the security update.
But it seems inconvenient
You could say, like tens of thousands of novice Linux users before you: "Now I will be smart, and run everything as root / administrator, so I will never have to worry about passwords."

It will compromise the security of the system, from day one (I have added an example, just above).
Directory and file ownerships may end up in a sorry mess that will need extra work to sort out.

Don't get tempted; instead, recognize that this system is in place for your long-term enjoyment of your operating system. Get used to it.
What you can do to make your life easier is choosing a password that is easy and quick to type. When it becomes muscle memory, you will even draw reassurance from it.


Ubuntu 13.04 onwards:

The default path for user roms changed in MAME v0.147 to ~/mame/roms, while settings are still at ~/.mame, so before changing any ini files, please first try putting a known-to-work ROM zip there and test it.

When you run mame for the first time, ~/mame or its roms subfolder may not be automatically created. So do this:

mkdir -p ~/mame/roms

Personally, instead of cluttering my top-level home dir and my small HOME partition with MAME and large ROMS, I usually choose to symlink it to my data partition ROMs folder:

ln -s /path/to/your/roms ~/mame/roms

You can also edit ~/.mame/mame.ini (note the leading dot, it's a hidden dir!) and set the location of all MAME-related data paths, or edit the global config /etc/mame/mame.ini for all users, including changing the default top level data path ~/mame or the settings path ~/.mame to other paths.

Also it's worth noting that you don't need all those packages to install MAME. sdlmame* was a dummy transitional package and was removed in recent Ubuntu releases, mame-tools is not needed to run games, and gnome-video-arcade is just a GUI (that you're not using, considering you're starting MAME in the terminal). So mame is the only package you really need.

Note for previous Ubuntu releases:

The user paths for MAME-related dirs were changed in recent Ubuntu releases. For older releases such as 12.04, both settings and data (like ROMs) are inside the hidden ~/.mame

After a lot of digging and researching, I've found out when and where such changes were made: the .ini location and default user paths are not an upstream setting, so it's not the MAME developers that set it, but rather configured by each distro.

It was changed in Debian, and later incorporated in Ubuntu, starting in MAME v0.146-5 and finished in v0.147-1.

From the Debian Changelog:

mame (0.146-5) unstable; urgency=low

  [ Cesare Falco ]
  * Replace -march with -mtune=generic gcc flag for compatibility issues
    with older CPUs (LP: #1063993)

  [ Emmanuel Kasper ]
  * Add support for parallel building using DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS
  * Reorganize default paths:
       $HOME/.mame for ini file and output files
       $HOME/mame for data search paths

 -- Emmanuel Kasper   Tue, 13 Nov 2012 22:54:27 +0100

mame (0.146-4) unstable; urgency=low

The relevant commits for such changes were

2012-10-26 - 9677867a63c6 - Switch local folder to ~/mame (from ~/.mame)
2012-11-14 - 824bc168084b - Edited config files; use personal non-hidden resources dirs.


In Ubuntu, you don't need to use apt dist-upgrade. Best practice is to use apt full-upgrade instead.

dist-upgrade dates back to before Ubuntu's birth.

Way back then, when migrating from Debian release to another, you had to manually edit your sources.list, then you used dist-upgrade to calculate and execute the upgrade. This was a huge improvement over the older and much more laborious methods.

When Ubuntu came along, Ubuntu users began to use dist-upgrade for an unanticipated purpose: Kernel packages change names frequently, so a plain apt update won't work. It became commonplace to use dist-upgrade to recalculate the dependencies and pull in the new kernel packages.

There's a risk using such a big hammer for such a small nail -- if your sources changed, apt might implement large, unexpected changes to your system. Remember, that is dist-upgrade's original purpose!

Ubuntu developers closed that window years ago by adding full-upgrade to apt, which protects your system from unexpected major changes.

dist-upgrade is a habit for many older Ubuntu users, and it rarely causes them problems -- they generally don't need to change their habits. However, newer users are encouraged to understand the difference, and to use the full-upgrade tool that is more likely to protect their system when bad fortune strikes.


Why aren't the BFQ and BFS schedulers included in the official Ubuntu kernel?

Quick answer :

Both schedulers does not work at all or work well for all the supported platforms of
Linux (frequency, architecture, resource consumption, ...)
It seems that Torvalds simply does not want to support more than one scheduler

Explanations :

Since the schedulers are alone initiatives (aka not supported by the kernel) then the mere fact for including it would means to focus people in those schedulers (security patch, maintenance patch, speed up adaptation to new kernel releases, ...). It means financial investment for a project that is still unsure about it's existence in future.

They are still quite young. The best example is what is explained on the FAQ of BFS at "How scalable is it?".

Behind the lines of this part tells us that BFS has performance issues when you have a lot of logical CPU. This single point takes out for servers and high end PC (the number of 16 is given so it means that a simple 1000 USD server would have performance troubles with this). So you exclude Ubuntu Server of this patch, you also exclude physical bi CPU configurations that now easily reach this number.

Ubuntu can't reach masses if they use another scheduler. Scalability wins over performance.

As always, with many "if" ... :

If every user of Ubuntu is a desktop user
If every machines of each Ubuntu user are the correct pc for the schedulers

In fact the best approach is the current one : Let the user apply the schedulers they want if they have the hardware and are interested in it.

Applying it may work better for some during some time (because, As I've said, the scalability is a big issue and the future will increment the number of processors). But will give serious troubles to others.

Extra Sources :

The link may not stay forever, here is an article I found about BFS on h-online. It's the most official I've found. However if you google hard you may find the real statement. I think it may be on kerneltrap.

See third paragraph of the phoenix title of the article. I'll quote it here in case the link dies :

  At present, the integration of BFS into the Linux main development
  branch seems very unlikely, as Linus Torvalds has already made it
  clear that he doesn't want to maintain multiple schedulers. In
  addition, the Linux distributors tend to prefer a single kernel image
  that achieves optimum performance on a wide variety of systems without
  requiring special configuration. It could be that the CFS developers
  will improve their scheduler in the areas covered by BFS – a bonus for
  the user community.

Linus Torvalds Thread about it.


In the GUI of Nautilius, simply double-click. It may ask you to install some packages, but it will guide you through that.

In the console, make sure you have the zip package installed. (Try running zip)

If it works:

cd /path/to/the/zip/
mkdir extract (OPTIONAL, BUT RECOMMENDED)
mv file.zip extract/ (OPTIONAL, BUT RECOMMENDED) (Needed if above was run)
cd extract/ (OPTIONAL, BUT RECOMMENDED) (Needed if above was run)
unzip file.zip
Open Nautilus/whatever and browse to that folder
???
Profit.

If zip DOESN'T work:

sudo apt-get install zip
Proceed from steps above, or Nautilus.


read -p "Who are you? " NAMES

if [[ "$NAMES" == "Mallory" ]] ; then
    echo "Hello, me!"
elif [[ "$NAMES" == "Palmer" ]] ; then
    echo "Hey, baby! I love you!"
else
    echo "Gtfo here..."
fi

if requires then and fi
not else [test] but elif [test]
your grouping braces are not needed


Remove the default wired connection, or at least uncheck "Automatically connect to this network when it is available" for it in the General tab, otherwise you won't automatically connect with the PPPOE. And set the PPPOE to connect automatically, if you didn't already.


Just found the answer...

update-initramfs missing /lib/modules/4.4.0-13-generic

That pointed me to the left-behind junk.

root@S20:/etc/depmod.d# cd /var/lib/initramfs-tools/
root@S20:/var/lib/initramfs-tools# ls
3.13.0-62  3.13.0-63  4.10.0-15-generic  4.8.0-46-generic
root@S20:/var/lib/initramfs-tools# rm -rf 3.13.0-6?


Cannot install bomi media player in Ubuntu 18.04

I see three moments:

The mentioned PPA was updated at 2015-05-20 (for Vivid Verver);
Bomi player's GitHub account have releases from 2015 year too;
You cannot simply install Bomi by deb-packages because of non-satisfied dependencies (libva1, libavcodec-ffmpeg56, etc.).

But you can install it from other newer PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nemonein/bomi
sudo apt-get install bomi

and use it.


How can I use my usb-c equipped laptop in device (gadget) mode?

I have more questions than answers so bear with me.  I'll start with an answer, if your laptop can charge from USB-C then it is likely that the hardware supports gadget mode.  Another way to check is to plug the laptop into another computer using a USB-C to USB-C cable and see if the laptop appears on the other computer as a "USB billboard device", if it shows up like this then it likely can support other gadget modes.  Using a cheap USB-C to USB-A cable might explain why nothing happened, it might be that the cable doesn't have all the wires to support USB 3.x and that might be why it's not working.  I'm new to experimenting with USB gadgets too, and I haven't bothered to experiment with USB 2.0 cables, so I'm speculating quite a bit.
Now, some questions.  Which model of laptop are you using?  What do you mean by a "USB OTG converter"?  Which version/flavor/distro of Linux are you running?  It's likely some have better support for USB gadgets than others.  What kinds of gadget modes do you want from your laptop?  It appears to me that the most work has gone into serial, ethernet, and mass storage device gadgets.  What have you tried so far?  Personally I'm kind of spinning my wheels on my USB gadget experimentation since I had some hardware die on me after a power surge.  It could be a while before I get things back to normal.


Ubuntu Server - "Virtual" Network Interface with Internet Access

I was able to solve this using the following guide:

https://josephmuia.ca/2018-05-16-net-namespaces-veth-nat/

Basically I had to create two veth interface pairs and attach one to a new network namespace. The following commands accomplished this:

First I enabled IP forwarding with the following:

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Then I created a new network namespace (netns0) and attached a new loopback adapter to it. It will not work without this step:

ip netns add netns0
ip netns exec netns0 ip link set lo up

I then created two veth pairs. These basically function as two ends of an Ethernet line. One end stays on the main network and the other end is connected to the network namespace:

ip link add veth0a type veth peer name veth0b
ip link set veth0b netns netns0

Then I set IP addresses for each interface in the pair and enabled them:

ip addr add 192.168.0.1/24 dev veth0a
ip netns exec netns0 ip addr add 192.168.0.2/24 dev veth0b
ip link set veth0a up
ip netns exec netns0 ip link set veth0b up

The following iptable rules enabled forwarding and nating:

iptables -A FORWARD -o eth0 -i veth0a -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o veth0a -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.2/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

The following command set a default route for the namespace. This is essential for communicating with the main network:

ip netns exec netns0 ip route add default via 192.168.0.1

Finally I created a namespace specific resolv.conf file with my DNS servers. This is essential for domain name resolutions from the network namespace:

mkdir -p /etc/netns/netns0
echo "nameserver 1.1.1.1" > /etc/netns/netns0/resolv.conf

After these steps I am able to communicate with the Internet using the network namespace:

$ ip netns exec netns0 ping google.com

PING google.com (172.217.10.238) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from lga25s59-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.10.238): icmp_seq=1 ttl=57 time=2.50 ms
64 bytes from lga25s59-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.10.238): icmp_seq=2 ttl=57 time=1.44 ms
64 bytes from lga25s59-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.10.238): icmp_seq=3 ttl=57 time=1.39 ms
--- google.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.392/1.779/2.505/0.514 ms

Using "ip netns exec netns0 (COMMAND)" allows you to run commands with this namespace.


Why am I getting this error while using gedit?

This is a harmless message that you will see popup when running most gtk applications on the command line. You can ignore it really. I'm not sure what causes it, but usually it's no problem, unless you are getting other problems with the application.


Can i use Ubuntu 14.04 32bit on 4GB ram?

32-bit processors can access 4GB of RAM maximum without PAE (physical address extension). With PAE, it can access 64GB of RAM.


LXDhost doesn't report packages to landscape in container

The issue (specifically the one at position 724) is related to a stray unicode character in the Veeam package list, /var/lib/apt/lists/repository.veeam.com_backup_linux_agent_dpkg_debian_public_dists_stable_veeam_binary-amd64_Packages. I discovered this

We have reported this issue to Veeam, so it might or might not get fixed soon (I will update this post).

The easy (but non-permanent way) is to delete the stray character at the end of /var/lib/apt/lists/repository.veeam.com_backup_linux_agent_dpkg_debian_public_dists_stable_veeam_binary-amd64_Packages. However, this change will get overwritten when apt updates the veeam package list.

The permanent solution (which will only be overwritten by a launchpad-client update) is to add a try/except UnicodeError block around the relevant code in skeleton.py

See my blogpost for more details on how to do that.


i am not able to install hp laserjet 1007/8 in ubuntu 12.04, please help

You should install the drivers manually by downloading them from here


download the .torrent file of the torrent you wanna download
now go to that .torrent file and right click > open with(or properties > open with tab) click qtorrent
qtorrent opens asks for location to download, specify it > ok
thats it :)
welcome to ubuntu


Are boot log messages anything to be worried about?

The "fail whale" error happens when a message is logged by GNOME when something goes awry. If it is "dead" it means that there's not enough of the GNOME libraries running to display the error. You may find details in /var/log/syslog, though.


Ubuntu Server On Airlive Access Point Device

With 2MB Flash, 16MB SDRAM and an unknown processor architecture, I'm going to have to say no. The server kernel alone would fill this several times over.

This really isn't the level of device that Ubuntu is aimed at. For this you want something like DD-WRT, although on their forums the requirements are still too restrictive even for that. I don't think you're going to have much luck in customising this.


VirtualBox, mounting Ubuntu 12.04 on windows 7

This is normally a problem with your /etc/fstab file.
Does pressing 's' let you go into the operating system? If so you could paste the output of 'cat /etc/fstab' so we can see if there's a problem.

Also run 'ls -l /' in the terminal and post the results to that. Your /tmp folder could be a symlink, so you could remove it, recreate the directory normally and after a restart should work fine.

If you are only just installing the operating system now, I would recommend scrapping this installation and install 14.04.


Remmina 1.2.0-rcit-26 - Saving Passwords for SSH Sessions

Does it help to install gnome-keyring as suggested in https://github.com/FreeRDP/Remmina/issues/1440?

I've installed remmina via snap and the information in the link above helped me with the same issue as you, although I had to follow the advice from "antenore" where I enable the keyring as well.

UPDATE

It seems the link went dead at some point. If I recall correctly the command Antenore recommended was this:

sudo snap connect remmina:password-manager-service :password-manager-service

In later versions (1.3.0 for example) of the snap package they inform the user what needs to be done the first time it's run by the user.


There seem two questions here:

How to package the new software so dependencies get installed
too.
How to distribute the new software

These two problems are as old as computers and have been solved several different ways.

The standard Debian/Ubuntu solution is a deb package hosted in a Debian or Ubuntu Repository. There are other methods: Pip, PPAs, Snaps, github, etc. You will generally encounter the least trouble and find the most support with the standard deb/repo method.

Creating a deb is not easy - mostly because the creation process makes you ask a lot of questions that don't have easy answers: License, dependency versions, file locations, conflicts with other packages, etc. These questions ensure the widest compatibility with other packages, and prevent a lot of user problems. AskUbuntu is littered with unnecessary pleas because a packager cut corners.

An excellent place to start is the Ubuntu Packaging Guide http://packaging.ubuntu.com/html/packaging-new-software.html

Plan for Updates - you will probably need to release a new version of the package to address bugs and changed dependencies. The Ubuntu cycle of six-month is convenient for these updates.

After you have created a package, you can simply post it on a website (or github) or you can simply mail it to your peers. However, best practice is to contribute the software to Debian. Start that process at http://mentors.debian.net . The package will be merged into Ubuntu a few months before the next six-month release of Ubuntu.

The big benefits of using Debian and Ubuntu for distribution include discoverability in apt, testing and feedback by the community, community support for your package on sites like AskUbuntu, bug tracking in Launchpad, and convenient code storage and package maintenance tools in Alioth and Launchpad.


While IBus is integrated into GNOME settings to a large extent, I would think that you need to use IBus Preferences to handle your input languages in case of Cinnamon. It should be available in the menus somewhere, or you can also start it via the terminal command
ibus-setup

In IBus preferences enable the Show icon on system tray checkbox:

If you still cannot see the IBus icon on the panel, open Cinnamon settings, go to the Applets section and enable the System Tray applet:


Is there a way to change GNOME wallpaper change from fade effect to crude replace?

I use the program variety:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:peterlevi/ppa

and

sudo apt-get update

then

sudo apt-get install variety

It has lots of good options.


how to control pen tablet pressure input with a joystick?

I don't think there is any easy way to accomplish that, Gimp has some functionality to read from other input devices, but I don't think you can freely mix and match inputs from different devices (see Edit->Input Devices and Preferences->Input Devices). Not sure about Krite, MyPaint and all the other graphics apps.

Linux however has the uinput interface that lets you create virtual input devices and with that you can read input events from your tablet and your gamepad and mix them together into a virtual input device. However that requires some programming. You can find some example source code that might get you started at:

https://github.com/Grumbel/udraw


Ok the problem was "Bluetooth" receiver was disabled in BIOS, so I just enabled it there. SOLVED!


The program 'gsi' is currently not installed. Gambit Scheme

Remove old link in the /usr/bin

 sudo rm /usr/bin/gsi

Make new Link

 ln -s ~/Downloads/gambc-v4_6_0/gsi/gsi /usr/bin/gsi

And enjoy


Create ISO installation from current Ubuntu Server installation

The way I ended up creating an image of my current system status is using clonezilla. It was as easy as downloading the Clonezilla Live and install it on a USB with Universal Usb Installer and when the computer is booting, chose to boot from the USB and follow the Clonezilla guided steps. I've also used this video for some steps.


Sharing phone's internet connection on laptop without the help of USB cable

First of all, your phone needs to support Bluetooth tethering. Where to find this setting depends on your phone. If you happen to use Cyanogenmod, it would be under Settings > Wireless & Networks > More > Tethering & portable hotspot > Bluetooth tethering. On other Android flavors you would need to look around. If you don't have this setting, you might be able to get it to work by installing an app – Google Play has a few that claim to do the job, though I haven't tried any myself.

Having made sure your phone supports Bluetooth tethering, get Blueman (from the Ubuntu repositories). With that you can pair your phone and computer and then use it for Internet connection.


Install dconf-editor if it's not installed yet:

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

Open dconf-editor
In dconf-editor, explore to /org/gnome/desktop/background/
Unmark the show-desktop-icons option.

Please note that on (at least) Ubuntu 13.10-14.10, using Nitrogen can cause desktop freezes ( https://bugs.launchpad.net/variety/+bug/1394770 , https://github.com/l3ib/nitrogen/issues/51 )


Keyboard not working after login after update to 18.04

Turn on the on-screen keyboard (accessibility menu). After that perhaps the command "sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-all" will do it.


How can I open a browser tab after resuming from sleep?

What works for me is to place this script bellow into /etc/pm/sleep.d/ call it 70resumescript.sh, and give it executable permissions with sudo chmod +x scriptname.sh. In addition, I wrote the script with sudo nano scriptname.sh so that the script will be owned by root. So the script must have +x permission and be owned by root. Feel free to modify the scrip to suit your needs

#!/bin/sh

case "$1" in
    resume|thaw)
        # date >> /home/serg/LOG
        # echo "Script runs" >> /home/serg/LOG
        DISPLAY=:0 ; export DISPLAY
        sleep 4
        su serg -c 'firefox google.com'
        ;;
esac


Second monitor suddenly can't be detected (Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS)

I had a similar issue like this. I downloaded and selected the proprietary drivers I needed in software&updates->additional drivers, and did a couple of restarts. You can check which driver you need with:
ubuntu-drivers devices

Select the right one and restart. It should resolve itself. If that doesn't work try this:
sudo apt-get purge 'nvidia*'
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers
sudo apt-get update
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall


Left and Top menu disappear after wake up

On the contrary, up to a certain point of slowness, the older the laptop is, the more likely it is to be compatible with Ubuntu.

I'm not sure what is causing your difficulty, but I have a trick which should make it tolerable until such time as a solution is found.  I had a similar problem on a gateway and I discovered I could refresh the GUI desktop by pressing two key combinations in sequence.

First you press:

  ctrl - alt - F1

Then after the screen is black, you press:

  ctrl - alt - F7

In reality you are taking yourself to the full screen terminal, and then you are taking yourself back to the GUI, only this time everything works right, at least for me anyway.  Please let me know if this works for you.

PS:  Don't be surprised of a more knowledgeable user comes up with a way to refresh the  GUI in a slightly simpler, or perhaps more complicated way.


Crontab running bash script logs "command not found"

When you call applications or commands from within scripts or CRON jobs, it helps to spell out the entire path of the application.

In your case I would try re-writing your script to:

#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/bin/pm2 restart appname

However, this seems like overkill and you might as well just call pm2 directly from your crontab:

* * * * * /usr/local/bin/pm2 restart appname >> /var/log/cronlog.log 2>&1


How do i join a new node to conjure Open Stack Mitaka

conjure-up might let you go back into a running cloud and increase the number of machines allocated to a particular service.

But a better way is to start becoming familiar with the underlying Juju tools that conjure-up uses, because then you gain complete architectural flexibility. You can build any cloud you like, with any combination of services, spread across any number of machines.

conjure-up is basically a wizard that walks through a single "bundle of charms", but its relatively easy for you to make your own bundles and deploy them yourself. With Juju 2.0 and LXD you can learn that all on a laptop (with LXD as the "cloud" giving you "container machines"). If you have MAAS, then you bootstrap and deploy straight to bare metal.


Can't connect to the Internet via PPPoE DSL

You didn't mention whether you are using a router or not.  You mentioned it works when you use wireless, which I presume is done through a router.  If you plug into the wired port on the same router, it should work the same way.  If you are not using a router, then it is normal for eth0 to not have an address.  Instead pppoe ( which is a terrible protocol by the way, so if you have a choice, switch to an ISP that doesn't use it ) creates another interface when you "dial up" and that interface gets the address.


Can I change OS from Widows 8.1 Pro to Ubuntu?

all you have to do is go to http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop
Then download one of the versions there, either 12.04 Long Term Support, or the last version (I recomend 64-Bit in each case).

or go to http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/
download the USB installer, connect a thumb drive, then look for the image you already downloaded in the first step I told you, and create your Bootable USB.

Once that is done, restart your pc and press whatever button gives you access to the boot menu (it depends on the machine but in most cases one of the F keys gives you access to that), and then follow the instructions to install Ubuntu.


Nagios remote execution problem libc-so-6-version-glibc-2-14-not-found

You can not just take a binary compiled on one Linux system and run it on another, unless they have exactly the same architecture and libraries. In this case, the remote system is complaining that the the C library that your compiled binary requires (glibc 2.14) is not present. You need to either:

Build nagios on the remote server so that it gets compiled and linked against its libraries
If both local and remote are the same arch (i386 or amd64) do apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade on both, then reboot, then recompile nagios. Since both will thehn have an up-to-date Ubuntu 12.04 on same arch, they will have the same libraries, and you can use the same binaries between them.


How can I tell which of these video devices is a webcam?

You can do this with v4l2-ctl in a terminal:

Open Terminal (if it’s not already open)
Install the utility (if it’s not already installed)
sudo apt update
sudo apt install v4l2-ctl

Run the utility:
v4l2-ctl --list-devices

You will see output like this:
Integrated Camera (usb-0000:00:3b.0-1.2):
    /dev/video0

One of the video devices you see in /dev/video* is a virtual device.


Run diff command to compare all files in directory

You've missed the -r (recursive) option to diff:

diff -r folder1 folder2

For a concise output also add the -q flag; it will only output that the files differ, but doesn't output the actual differences. See the manpage (man 1 diff) for more information and options.


How to move some files to their parent directory?

Try:

find . -path "*/flac/*" -name '*.mp3' -execdir mv -t ../ {} +

How it works

find .

Start a find command working on the current directory.
-path "*/flac/*"

Select only files with flac in their path
-name '*.mp3'

Select only files with extension .mp3.
-execdir mv -t ../ {} +

For any files found run the mv command from the directory that the file is in and move the file to the parent directory.

In addition to making this particular task easy, the option -execdir is also more secure than than the traditional -exec option.

Simplification

find . -path "*/flac/*.mp3" -execdir mv -t ../ {} +


This is due to LibRaw, the library Shotwell relies upon for RAW processing.  LibRaw is based on dcraw.

We've seen this problem pop up on various cameras over the years.  The problem is usually solved in dcraw at some point, at which point the code migrates to LibRaw, where it's eventually available to Shotwell.  It may be that dcraw / LibRaw still doesn't process your camera's images correctly; it just depends when the authors fix these problems.

What to do?  First, I recommend upgrading to the newest version of Shotwell and LibRaw if possible.  I don't know what version of Xubuntu you're using, so I don't know if that requires upgrading your operating system.  You can find the latest version of Shotwell at Yorba's PPA: https://launchpad.net/~yorba/+archive/ppa  Even if your version of Xubuntu has an old copy, you may be able to upgrade to the latest (0.14.1) through our PPA.

Second, if that doesn't work or you can't upgrade easily, you should try changing the RAW Developer to Camera in Shotwell.  This is available by selecting the photo and choosing Photos -> Developer -> Camera.  If you see this problem with all your RAW photos, I suggest changing the default RAW Developer to Camera in Edit -> Preferences.

The Camera Developer uses the RAW file's built-in JPEG file (or paired RAW+JPEG if that's the case).  This JPEG is created by the camera itself and shouldn't have discoloration issues.  You can probably try the second step right now and see if you get the right results; either way, I recommend upgrading if at all possible.

NOTE: I didn't notice until I posted the above that you're using the Shotwell Photo Viewer (i.e. you're double-clicking on the RAW file in Nautilus).  The Camera Developer is only available in Shotwell's library mode, that is, you run Shotwell and import the photos into your library.


I suggest:

Rename your .bashrc so that it’s not capable of causing problems, then reboot.

If that works, fix your .bashrc.

Type Enterstty saneEnter to clear any tty-related problems.

If this works, fix your .bash_aliases or whatever.

Log on as another user.

If this works, fix your offending .bash* file.

Try another keyboard.

Good luck.


Yes you can use the VLC Media Player to join/merge multiple video files. Open a Terminal in the folder with the video files and then type:

vlc InFile1.mp4 InFile2.mp4 --sout "#gather:std{access=file,dst=OutFile.mp4}" --sout-keep

This opens up VLC GUI and you can close it once the files are joined/merged. You can find more info here.

It seems this can also be achieved through VLC GUI but I never go that working properly.


Seeing as that is a fairly new GPU I would try with the latest 346 Nvidia drivers. You can download them directly from http://www.nvidia.com/object/unix.html or use the PPA https://launchpad.net/~mamarley/+archive/ubuntu/nvidia


Determine when laptop was last plugged in to power

See this question:

UPower stores its historical information in four files in /var/lib/upower/
This is the data gnome-power-statistics uses to draw its charge/discharge profiles.
For example:

$ ls -t /var/lib/upower/* | head -4
/var/lib/upower/history-time-empty-AL15B33-48-3241.dat
/var/lib/upower/history-time-full-AL15B33-48-3241.dat
/var/lib/upower/history-charge-AL15B33-48-3241.dat
/var/lib/upower/history-rate-AL15B33-48-3241.dat

Looks like you could check charging/discharging state changes in the history-charge file:

$ cat history-charge-AL15B33-48-3241.dat
1475784954      58.000  discharging
1475785164      57.000  discharging
1475785344      56.000  discharging
1475785598      57.000  charging
1475786432      58.000  charging

Fist column is timestamp. You could use date -s @timestamp to get something more readable:

$ cat history-charge-AL15B35-48-3241.dat | while read f; do
  d=$(date +"%b %e %H:%M:%S" -s @`echo $f | cut -d\  -f1`);
  echo "$d  $f" ; done
Oct  6 22:15:54  1475784954      58.000  discharging
Oct  6 22:19:24  1475785164      57.000  discharging
Oct  6 22:22:24  1475785344      56.000  discharging
Oct  6 22:26:38  1475785598      57.000  charging
Oct  6 22:40:32  1475786432      58.000  charging


18:04: How to solve no sound in Asus laptop?

I followed the second option of this answer and fortunately it solved my problem.


grub2 not booting after changes to grub file

You have a lot of questions in there.  I can address this one of them:

  How do I correct the /etc/default/grub file?

Boot into live USB

Mount the ubuntu partition drive
       sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

Mount the virtual filesystems:

        sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
        sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
        sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

To ensure that only the grub utilities from the LiveCD get executed, mount /usr

       sudo mount --bind /usr /mnt/usr
       sudo chroot /mnt

Make your changes to /etc/default/grub using nano

run the updater
       update-grub

Exit chroot : CTRL-D on keyboard.

Unmount virtual filesystems:

       sudo umount /mnt/dev
       sudo umount /mnt/proc
       sudo umount /mnt/sys
       sudo umount /mnt/usr
       sudo umount /mnt

sudo reboot

Source: Sadly can't remember where I found this, but it worked, so I copied it and saved it.


Logitech M515 does not work after upgrade to 12.04

Here's the clean workaround for this problem. A part of the solution has already been given.

Explanation: instead of having to type in modprobe -r hid_logitech_dj
&& modprobe hid_logitech_dj each time you startup linux we will make a very simple startup script that implements these two commands. To make sure it starts up at boot we put it in the init.d folder.

To make sure everybody can follow it I will tell step by step what to do.

Make a file named:

logitech-unifying.sh

Open that file (by clicking on it) and add these lines:

#!/bin/bash

modprobe -r hid_logitech_dj

modprobe hid_logitech_dj

Open the terminal and make sure you navigate to the folder where 'logitech-unifying.sh' is located. Then type this command:

sudo mv -i logitech-unifying.sh /etc/init.d

Enter your password
Close the terminal
Reboot

When you startup linux, your logitech unifying device should be working.


Hard Drive not detected in ubuntu 12.04?

I would remove the cables and re-connect them, or even try different sata/power cables.

Also, try to power off the computer and unplug it from the power socket (leave it unplugged for 1-2 minutes).

Can you provide a screenshot of ubuntu running "disk utility" from a live cd? Edit your question and add it.


I remember from once trying the MacUbuntu theme pack that it included a step to change the name at the top left corner of the Unity screen - these instructions are for 14.04:

  Enter following commands to change 'Ubuntu Desktop' text on the panel:

Terminal Commands:
cd && wget -O Mac.po http://drive.noobslab.com/data/Mac-14.04/change-name-on-panel/mac.po
cd /usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES; sudo msgfmt -o unity.mo ~/Mac.po;rm ~/Mac.po;cd

  Revert back to 'Ubuntu Desktop' text, enter following commands in the
  Terminal:

Terminal Commands:
cd && wget -O Ubuntu.po http://drive.noobslab.com/data/Mac-14.04/change-name-on-panel/ubuntu.po
cd /usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES; sudo msgfmt -o unity.mo ~/Ubuntu.po;rm ~/Ubuntu.po;cd

This is the contents of the ~/Mac.po file:

msgid "Ubuntu Desktop"
msgstr "Mac OS X"

and here is the contents of the ~/Ubuntu.po file:

msgid "Mac OS X"
msgstr "Ubuntu Desktop"

So at a guess (not tested - not using Unity) you can do this to change it to 'Titan OS':

echo -e 'msgid "Ubuntu Desktop"\nmsgstr "Titan OS" > ~/Titan.po
cd /usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES
sudo msgfmt -o unity.mo ~/Titan.po

This should change it back

echo -e 'msgid "Titan OS"\nmsgstr "Ubuntu Desktop"' > Ubuntu2.po
cd /usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES
sudo msgfmt -o unity.mo ~/Ubuntu2.po


I can't download Java or WINE due to similiar error

this message means that you some broken URLs in packages list, you have to edit the list and remove those URLs, to do that open: /etc/apt/sources.list and save the file after editing it. then try to update again.

to understand apt-get command more follow http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/saucy/en/man8/apt-get.8.html


How do I file feature request bugs on Launchpad?

You can file a bug for small issues but a member of the QA team will have to set the importance to 'wishlist'.

For bigger features, if you have the expertise and time to write a blueprint then you should enter it on https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ You should make sure that you can fill it out in enough detail for a developer to start work, and also the perseverance to bring it to the attention of someone to do the work if you can't do it yourself.


Installing Samsung network printer on Ubuntu 14.04

I wrote instructions for the m2022w in ubuntu forums:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2263245&p=13218825#post13218825.php?t=2263245&p=13218825#post13218825

I am quite sure it is similar for all samsung wireless printers.


How is `initrd` for debian installer being built?

The initrd for the debian installer is a normal root file system, stripped down to the components required for the installer (i.e. using udeb packages that do not contain documentation).

Regular system boot uses a minimal initrd that loads a few modules, and then switches to the real root file system, but from the point of view of the kernel, the system is already running at this point, and the switch is entirely optional.

The installer runs from a ramdisk, which is initialized with the contents of the initrd archive. The only requirement the kernel has is that there is a file called init either in the root or below sbin, and this file will be invoked.

You can, for example, create a full installation using debootstrap, create an archive of that using cpio, and use that as an initrd -- so the process used by the kernel package to generate a small initrd is really a special case.


Can't recognize my Colorpage hr6 slim scanner

According to the sane-backends documentation and the source code in 12.04 for sane, your scanner is unsupported:

http://www.ok-solution.ca/upload/scanner.html

There's been a little bit of digging on what the scanner might be:

http://www.sane-project.org/unsupported/genius-colorpage-hr6x.html

But so far, no code in gensys or any of the other backends and no udev rules for your scanner. Your only recourse is to find a programmer who can implement the required functionality for you. If you'd like to email me, we can talk about possible solutions.


check related questions on the right of screen

one of the questions is:
MicroSD card is set to Read Only State. How can I write data on it.

here is the link:

MicroSD card is set to Read-only state. How can I write data on it?

good luck, I am in the same boat, just came on line to check answers

Once there keep scrolling down there are several answers already posted


Low disk space in Ubuntu partition does not allow me to login - stuck at /dev/sda clean ... files ... blocks (on Ubuntu 20.04)

Before you try partitioning operations, first check what the problem really is.
That message "/dev/sda clean XXXXXX/XXXXX files XXXXX/XXXXX blocks" is the output of fsck, and it's actually good news: It tells you that the filesystem check did not find any problems.
You wrote that you got a "low disk space" warning. Was that while software packages were being upgraded, i.e. the normal system update?
Did you get a chance to check your disk space to see what was going on? It might be a runaway log file, it might be files that you created in your home directory, it might be anything.
First, find out where that disk space went, and if you really need to resize partitions. What size are your Ubuntu partitions? Do you have a separate partition for /home? Are you using LVM and/or full disk encryption?
I recommend you get a Ubuntu live system on a USB stick, boot from that and mount the root filesystem from your Ubuntu disk and first have a look. Follow the link provided by @guiverc for the first steps to boot and mount the partitions.
Then please edit your question to include the output of

lsblk
sudo parted -l
findmnt
df

each one formatted as code, please, i.e. with a line consisting of three backticks ```  before and after.
If it turns out that your root filesystem is really nearly full, we can continue to give you more hints.


Ubuntu 16.04 does not boot correctly from Toshiba Notebook (EFI)

The solution to the problem is to copy the two missing efi files from the ubuntu folder and create empty gbr files. After that I get the Grub menu immediately.

$ cd /boot/efi/EFI
$ sudo cp -p ubuntu/grubx64.efi Boot
$ sudo cp -p ubuntu/MokManager.efi Boot
$ sudo touch ubuntu/grubx64.efi.gbr
$ sudo touch ubuntu/MokManager.efi.gbr


Xubuntu add Launcher that launches two applications

On the edge of being a dupe of this question, also on Xubuntu, in a .desktop file, you can combine the two like:

/bin/bash -c "java -jar /usr/share/minecraft/minecraft.jar & /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable"

You have to use  /bin/bash -c to combine the two in a .desktop file
If you use && or ; instead of a single &, the application ('s command) waits for the first application to terminate


As you can read in this message you have saved this host in your know_hosts file. So now, you should remove it:

ssh-keygen -R IP_of_your_RPI

and after that try to ssh to your RPI.
But please remember, that you cann't have possibility to ssh to them on root account. It depends on ssh daemon configuration: "PermitRootLogin" option in /etc/sshd_config file.


You need to get an external HD for your music. The other profiles wont look into your home folder for stuff as it's owned by sudo, and cannot be accessed.

If you cannot get another HD, then follow these instructions to give the other profiles access to your files.


Many apps including terminal dissapeared after installing an app

It was my mistake I accidently unistalled python and that's why all the apps that used python (Almost all) were gone, no solution on the internet worked so finally I had to reinstall it


The Juju clients (command line and GUI) both use a websocket protocol to communicate with the Juju controller (main agent).

We have plans to provide client libraries that will wrap this API nicely and allow you to develop your own clients that can control Juju.

If you're interested in studying the wire format of the protocol, this document is a good starting point: https://github.com/juju/juju/blob/master/doc/api.txt

There are already some (unofficial) libraries available. More info here: What's the best way to have a charm control Juju?


Ubuntu installation not proceeding after loading screen 16.04.4

This is most likely a GPU driver issue, when you're at the GRUB bootloader at boot time, could you select start Ubuntu and press e to go into command mode, then on a new line after all other kernel header commands add nomodeset? This usually bypasses the purple and black screens of death.


ATI proprietary driver (post release) install fails. How can I fix it?

Package with driver version of 11.9 fglrx has been merged or dropped I believe, there is no more the post release package listed for 11.10. To install the current driver select package marked as current. Note that current installs package with 8.881, that is the 11.8 catalyst driver.

If you need the latest ATI 11.10 drivers have a look here for instructions.


The default settings for an XRDP installation are not optimized. To increase XRDP performance try the following:
Make a backup of the configuration file:
cp /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini.bck

Now edit the configuration file:
nano /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini

Inside the file edit the variables "max_bpp", "xserverbpp" and "crypt_level", these are optimized values:
max_bpp = 128
xserverbpp = 128
crypt_level = low

It is convenient to add the variable "max_bpp" the variable "use_compression" with the following value:
use_compression = yes

Finally, when connecting low, lower the color quality to 16 bits instead of 32 bits.


You can look uninstall.sh for your installed tool like below:

find / -name uninstall.sh

cd /to/path: and execute command:

 ./uninstall.sh

Or

sudo /opt/netbeans-x.x/uninstall.sh --javahome /opt/jdk1.x.0_x/


How can I install KDE 4 on Kubuntu Wily 15.10?

So far I don't know a way to "downgrade" the KDE Version of kubuntu 15.10 to KDE4.
Depending of what kind of problems you have you can try to upgrade to Plasma 5.4.3 and KDE Applications 15.08.3 with adding the ppa ppa:kubuntu-ppa/ppa see kubuntu news
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/ppa

As an alternative you can give Linux Mint 17.3 KDE a try.

Linux Mint 17.3 features KDE 4.14, MDM 2.0, a Linux kernel 3.19 and an Ubuntu 14.04 package base
Kernel 4.2.0 is also available in the repositories. However please be cautious with it if you are using proprietary drivers.


Why are the characters in xterm so small and how do I change it?

You have no configuration defined for xterm. Create a configuration:

nano ~/.Xresources

and add these lines

xterm*faceName: Ubuntu Mono:style=Regular:antialias=true
xterm*faceSize: 12
XTerm*Background: black
XTerm*Foreground: grey

and run this command:

xrdb -I$HOME ~/.Xresources

Read more


Gnome extensions give me error when updating

It has happened to me too on Ubuntu 20.04.1 each time I have updated a gnome-shell extension using the firefox gnome-shell integration plugin.
If you dig into the system logs you will discover that there is nothing to worry about:
sudo journalctl /usr/bin/gnome-shell | grep -i 'error.*extension'
nov 17 12:38:48 sunyata gnome-shell[1699]: JS ERROR: Extension wsmatrix@martin.zurowietz.de: Error: A different version was loaded previously. You need to log out for changes to take effect.
dec 14 09:44:26 sunyata gnome-shell[1985]: JS ERROR: Extension nightthemeswitcher@romainvigier.fr: Error: A different version was loaded previously. You need to log out for changes to take effect.

As you can read, the error is actually just a warning. gnome-shell is reporting:
A different version (of the extension, N/A) was loaded previously. You need to log out for changes to take effect.
So, no need to worry about it. The error will disappear at the next login (either after log out or reboot).
If you want to make it disappear immediately you can force gnome-shell to reload extensions restarting it:
alt + f2 # to execute a command
r then enter # restart gnome-shell
I hope this information will be useful to the error-free-systems maniacs like me :)


Slack shows opened links to browser as another slack instance in task bar

Firefox users have this workaround:

In Slack, click on a web link
In the new Firefox browser instance opened by Slack, go to "about:profiles"
Change the profile used as default to your regular profile

Thanks to Michev for the comment on the snapd bugtracker:
 https://bugs.launchpad.net/snapd/+bug/1835024/comments/13


This was a bug inside of skype, which affected Windows too !

After update of skype (under Windows) this bug was fixed.

Look for update-feature inside of skype program.


New 18.04 install, Sublime Text 3 menu layout is broken

The problem turned out to be a GTK theme issue. Apparently, though Ubuntu ships with lots and lots of themes to choose from, almost all of them don't work.  From xfce4 you get to those via the "Appearance" setting tool. One of the themes that does work is "Adwaita", and as it's not offensive that's what I ended up with.


Allocate memory from Windows to Linux partition

Without the need of re-installing or completely formatting anything, test this:

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

    sudo -i
    umount /dev/sda3
    gparted

Since gparted add space unallocated to /dev/sda3 and apply the changes

You have added 30,54 Gib to /dev/sda3

Close gparted and reboot, running on the terminal:

    reboot

If everything works correctly, do you think a file in free space from /dev/sda3 to use in Ubuntu.

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

    sudo -i
    cd /media/milkncookiez/4C60D12760D11912
    dd if=/dev/zero of=part-ext count=31457280
    mkfs.ext3 /media/milkncookiez/4C60D12760D11912/part-ext

From now on, you have available a file of 30GB space to mount as ext3 in Ubuntu.

Assuming you want to mount it as /data in your /home/user directory, you must:

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

     sudo -i
     mkdir /home/milkncookiez/data
     mount -o loop /media/milkncookiez/4C60D12760D11912/part-ext /home/milkncookiez/data
     chmod -Rf 777 /home/milkncookiez/data

And you have available a 30GB in /home/milkncookiez/data.

To make the changes permanent, you must:

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

     sudo -i
     nano /etc/fstab

You should add this line to the end of file:

   /media/milkncookiez/4C60D12760D11912/part-ext  /home/milkncookiez/data  ext3 loop,rw,auto  0   2

Ctrl + O, save file. Ctrl + X, close nano.


Often a keypress isn't delivered until I press a second key

Turns out VirtualBox was the problem. Poor screen refreshing functionality I guess. I've switched to use VMWare Workstation Player and the image is now behaving properly.


There are at least two options to search pdfs on the command line:

Using the tool pdfgrep, which does what it's name suggests. It is compatible with GNU grep but works for pdf files.

pdfgrep 'pattern' yourfile.pdf

Use pdftotext from poppler-utils (should be installed by default on Ubuntu Desktop), convert it to a plain text file and use standard grep:

pdftotext yourfile.pdf - | grep 'pattern'


Google Earth cannot be installed on ubuntu 12.04 as it needs ia32-libs, but this cannot be installed for unmet dependencies

Try the package with *i386.deb (32-Bit-package).


Chinese text rendering strangely after upgrade to 12.04

You can look at what fonts are available for a certain language (such as Chinese "zh") by running fc-list :lang=zh.

Try first installing any other Chinese fonts that you might want and then manually rebuild the font cache by running fc-cache -f.

You can manually set the order of fonts by editing your ~/.fonts.conf. Here is one example I found from the Ubuntu forums for prioritizing Japanese:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<fontconfig>
 <alias>
 <family>serif</family>
 <prefer>
 <family>DejaVu Serif</family>
 <family>Times New Roman</family>
 <family>ＭＳ 明朝</family>
 <family>IPAPMincho</family>
 <family>Sazanami Mincho</family>
 <family>Kochi Mincho</family>
 <family>Bitstream Vera Serif</family>
 <family>Thorndale AMT</family>
 <family>Luxi Serif</family>
 <family>Nimbus Roman No9 L</family>
 <family>Times</family>
 <family>Frank Ruehl</family>
 <family>MgOpen Canonica</family>
 <family>AR PL SungtiL GB</family>
 <family>AR PL Mingti2L Big5</family>
 <family>FreeSerif</family>
 <family>Baekmuk Batang</family>
 </prefer>
 </alias>
 <alias>
 <family>sans-serif</family>
 <prefer>
 <family>DejaVu Sans</family>
 <family>Verdana</family>
 <family>ＭＳ ゴシック</family>
 <family>IPAPGothic</family>
 <family>Sazanami Gothic</family>
 <family>Kochi Gothic</family>
 <family>Bitstream Vera Sans</family>
 <family>Arial</family>
 <family>Albany AMT</family>
 <family>Luxi Sans</family>
 <family>Nimbus Sans L</family>
 <family>Helvetica</family>
 <family>Nachlieli</family>
 <family>MgOpen Moderna</family>
 <family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family>
 <family>AR PL KaitiM Big5</family>
 <family>FreeSans</family>
 <family>Baekmuk Dotum</family>
 <family>SimSun</family>
 </prefer>
 </alias>
 <alias>
 <family>monospace</family>
 <prefer>
 <family>DejaVu Sans Mono</family>
 <family>Courier New</family>
 <family>ＭＳ ゴシック</family>
 <family>IPAGothic</family>
 <family>Sazanami Gothic</family>
 <family>Kochi Gothic</family>
 <family>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</family>
 <family>Andale Mono</family>
 <family>Cumberland AMT</family>
 <family>Luxi Mono</family>
 <family>Nimbus Mono L</family>
 <family>Courier</family>
 <family>Miriam Mono</family>
 <family>FreeMono</family>
 <family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family>
 <family>Baekmuk Dotum</family>
 </prefer>
 </alias>
 <match target="font" >
 <edit mode="assign" name="embeddedbitmap" >
 <bool>true</bool>
 </edit>
 </match>
</fontconfig>

Note that I haven't actually tried this yet.


I'm locked out of my main account, its suddenly become unreadable, and the super user password is no longer working

It is possible that you machine was hacked.

If so, I'd suggest:

Disconnect it from the internet
Recover root password using the answers here
Remove the pen-drive
Restart the machine
Boot into your machine using the root password
Change your main-user password, and try to login into the account
Backup your data to external disk
If you managed to backup all your data, or if the data on your main account is NOT needed:

Format your disk and re-install Ubuntu

If the data on your main account in needed, and you didn't manage to get it:

Open a new question and provide more data about the status and your problem with decryption of the data in the main account (Now that you have root access to your machine, and maybe even can login into your account)


Touchpad Freezing on a Sony VAIO VPCF22S1E

Here is a fix worked for first reboot but now it's not working :

Edit /etc/default/grub to include GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=”i8042.nopnp”
Run: sudo update-grub
Reboot.


My experience is that the 32-bit version of Ubuntu (I prefer Xubuntu) works just fine on any computer when configured as a LiveUSB. I take the same stick and plug it in different computers (32- or 64-bit), then the kernel detects all necessary hardware at load time and loads the required drivers. It has worked for me on several occasions without a hitch (well, unless Ubuntu has incompatibilities with specific hardware).

If you're actually looking into installing Ubuntu on the USB key (NOT just a LiveUSB), then I would suggest to check out this question: How do I install Ubuntu to a USB key? (without using Startup Disk Creator). I've never tried something like this, and there might be issues here and there, but I would expect the kernel to handle hardware changes intelligently.


Blackscreen after installing nvidia drivers

Installing the latest nvidia drivers seem to help in some cases so please check this link for a step-by-step guide: Insall Latest Nvidia Drivers for Ubuntu

...also...  Check out how to fix and use a dual-graphics setup as well: Using Dual-Gfx on Ubuntu Fix


Video brightness unreadable on a Dell Inspiron 9400

Same here for GeForce 330m, 12.10 update killed open source drivers, I am no longer able to adjust screen brightness via Fn + +/-

I believe that can help: How do I downgrade nvidia drivers in 12.04?


How do I exclude specific packages from installation with apt-get?

So, mate-core depends on mate-desktop-environment-core which in turn depends on mate-terminal. A depend cannot be broken easily. Nor apt-get nor aptitude supports a --without or --exclude option and "holding" the packages won't help:

$ echo "mate-terminal hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
$ sudo apt-get install mate-core
[...]
Some packages could not be installed...
The following packages have unmet dependencies:

Sure, one can use dpkg --force-depends to install a package, but that's maybe not what you want.

A possibility would be to fullfill the Depends: flag with a dummy package:

$ sudo apt-get install equivs
$ equivs-control mate-terminal
$ vi mate-terminal
Section: misc
Priority: optional
Standards-Version: 3.9.2
Package: mate-terminal
Version: 1.8.0
Description: Dummy package for mate-terminal
:x

$ equivs-build mate-terminal
$ sudo dpkg -i mate-terminal_1.8.0_all.deb

Now mate-core should be able to install w/o mate-terminal. Repeat the same for other packages to be excluded.

Admittedly this is quite an effort and a --without option would be nice. Maybe a wishlist bug can be opened to provide such functionality in the future, but I somehow doubt that this will be implemented.

However, a more realistic option would be to petition the PPA owner to provide another meta package for MATE with lesser Depends packages set.


How can I make my bash script open cat for input, and then save input to a variable in the script

I don't think what you're asking for is possible. When using read, you only have access to very minimal text editing abilities, it simply isn't designed for what you want it to do. Even if you can find a way to allow backspace and newlines, it is still a very cumbersome way of asking your users to provide input. It is very rarely a good idea to expect your users to type text directly into the running program. I suggest an alternative:

Have your script read the subject from the command line.
Have it read the body from an input file.

That way, your user doesn't need to type everything out manually, your script can be automated to send multiple emails, greatly increasing its usefulness and your users don't need to start everything again from scratch if they make a typo. Finally, they can format the email body as they want. So, for example, you can do something like this:

#!/bin/bash
## Parse command line options.
while getopts ":s:f:" opt; do
  case $opt in
            s)
                subject="$OPTARG"
                ;;
            f)
                file="$OPTARG"
                ## Exit if the file isn't a file or isn't readble
                if [[ ! -r "$file" && ! -f "$file" ]]; then
                    echo "File doesn't exist or isn't readble"
                        exit
                fi
                ;;
    \?)
      echo "Invalid option: -$OPTARG" >&2;;
  esac
done
## Read the email body
body=$(cat "$file")

## Inform the user. The "\033[1m" starts bold formatting and the
## "\033[0m" ends it. Remove them if you don't want bold.
echo -e "\033[1mYour message is as follows:\033[0m"
cat<<EoF

From: $USER
To: Administrator
Subject: $subject

$body

------------------
EoF

read -p "Send to Administrator (y/n)?" choice
case "$choice" in
  y|Y ) echo "$body" | mail -s "$subject" email@gmail.com;;
  n|N ) echo "Roger Dodger. Email canceled";;
    * ) echo "invalid";;
esac

Then, you give it the subject and an input file. For example, if you have a file called message with the following contents:

$ cat message
Dear John,

I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to inquire about the
price of the bridge you are selling. I would love to have a bridge
like that in my garden since I think it would make my cows look
larger.

Looking forward to hearing from you,

best,

Jack.

You would run the script like this:

$ foo.sh -s "about that bridge..." -f message
Your message is as follows:

From: terdon
To: Administrator
Subject: about that bridge...

Dear John,

I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to inquire about the
price of the bridge you are selling. I would love to have a bridge
like that in my garden since I think it would make my cows look
larger.

Looking forward to hearing from you,

best,

Jack.

------------------
Send to Administrator (y/n)?

Alternatively, if you insist on having the users write the message on the fly, you could use the default editor available on your system:

#!/bin/bash

clear
echo -e "Please Enter Subject of email:\n "
read subject

## create a temp file
tmpfile=$(mktemp)

cat<<EoF

Press Enter to open an editor where you can write the body of the email.
When finished, save and exit.
EoF
read

## Open the editor
"$EDITOR" "$tmpfile"

## Read the body and delete the tmp file
body=$(cat "$tmpfile")
rm "$tmpfile"
## Inform the user. The "\033[1m" starts bold formatting and the
## "\033[0m" ends it. Remove them if you don't want bold.
echo -e "\033[1mYour message is as follows:\033[0m"
cat<<EoF

From: $USER
To: Administrator
Subject: $subject

$body
EoF

read -p "Send to Administrator (y/n)?" choice
case "$choice" in
  y|Y ) echo "$body" | mail -s "$subject" email@gmail.com;;
  n|N ) echo "Roger Dodger. Email canceled";;
    * ) echo "invalid";;
esac

Finally, if you insist on making your life and that of your users more difficult than it needs to be, you can use cat > $tmpfile to write the body to the tmpfile, tell your users to hit Ctrl+D when they've finished writing:

#!/bin/bash

clear
echo -e "Please Enter Subject of email:\n "
read subject

## create a temp file
tmpfile=$(mktemp)
## Enter the body
printf '\nPlease enter the body of the email below. Hit Ctrl+D when done.\n\n'
cat > $tmpfile
body=$(cat "$tmpfile")
rm "$tmpfile"
## Inform the user. The "\033[1m" starts bold formatting and the
## "\033[0m" ends it. Remove them if you don't want bold.
echo -e "\033[1mYour message is as follows:\033[0m"
cat<<EoF

From: $USER
To: Administrator
Subject: $subject

$body
EoF

read -p "Send to Administrator (y/n)?" choice
case "$choice" in
  y|Y ) echo "$body" | mail -s "$subject" email@gmail.com;;
  n|N ) echo "Roger Dodger. Email canceled";;
    * ) echo "invalid";;
esac


Three screens with Nvidia video card and Intel HD graphics?

Same problem here...

$ lspci
00:02.0 Display controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF116 [GeForce GTX 550 Ti] (rev a1)

Proprietary Nvidia driver 352.63

To work with this config, need to enable xinerama inside xorg.conf and configure both cards.

Unity don't like xinerama, xorg get poor performance. I used openbox to test.

Almost worked:

Removing proprietary nvidia driver, and using nouveau opensource driver, all works, but nouveau is unstable with my card and xorg crash.

Other try:

$ xrandr --listproviders
Providers: number : 2
Provider 0: id: 0x2b3 cap: 0x1, Source Output crtcs: 2 outputs: 4 associated providers: 0 name:NVIDIA-0
Provider 1: id: 0x48 cap: 0x2, Sink Output crtcs: 3 outputs: 6 associated providers: 0 name:Intel

then set output

$ xrandr --setprovideroutputsource 1 0
$ xrandr --auto


I'll write complete explanation here to make things more clear.

Really you do not need binary driver package from HPLIP SourceForge site.

If you have already downloaded, then remove it with and setup MFP with steps below:

Navigate to the folder where hplip-3.19.3.run saved.

cd ~/Downloads

Remove this HPLIP 3.19.3 from the system if was installed with

sh hplip-3.19.3.run --noexec
cd hplip-3.19.3
sudo ./uninstall.py
sudo rm -rf /usr/share/hplip/

Then install HPLIP deb-package with APT from the repository:

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt-get install hplip-gui

Launch HPLIP setup

hp-setup

and follow wizard steps:

  Select your connection type and click "Next".
  Select your printer from "Selected Devices" list and click "Next".
  Enter your root password when prompted and click "Next".
  Use the recommended installation method and click "Next".
  Check the box to accept with the "Driver Plug-In License Agreement" and click "Next".
  Finish the installation of the printer as normal, however you may be prompted to re-enter your user name and password.

And finally install the HPLIP binary plugin/addon:

hp-plugin

Enjoy!


How can I solve the printer status problem "Backend /usr/lib/cups/backend/lpd does not exist!"?

Go into Print Settings, open the printer's properties, and click 'Enable'.  It's such a crazy error message!


Have you tried applying the parameters the other way?

sudo bindfs --create-with-perms=0770 --force-group=joe --force-user=joe --create-for-user=www-data --create-for-group=www-data /var/www/html/thermos /home/joe/websites/thermos


Cannot access Windows 7 machine from Ubuntu 14.04 via Telnet

I'm quite unsure if it is a good idea to help you?!
But I will help. I'll show you how to set it up both ways.

A small notice up front. Telnet is quite old, has no encryption and is a guaranteed invite for a hacker. So if you can avoid using telnet, please do so!

1. Connect from Windows to Ubuntu with telnet

Telnet server won't work by default because it is insecure and therefore not installed by default. To do so, do the following:

sudo apt-get install xinetd telnetd

This will install the telnet server. After the install you should be able to connect to your ubuntu server from windows.

2. Connect from Ubuntu to Windows

To connect the other way, you need to have the telnet client installed on Ubuntu. As telnet is considered insecure, the telnet client also is not installed by default.

apt-get install telnet

After that you should be able to connect with the telnet command from the console.

telnet your-server.here

3. Troubleshoot connection

If this doesn't work you will have to troubleshoot your connection.

Make sure Ubuntu isn't stopped by a firewall

Just check if the Ubuntu firewall is enabled

sudo ufw status

and disable it for the time being, if it is on

sudo ufw stop

and you should probably allow the tcp port

sudo ufw allow 23/tcp

Use nmap to test if the windows telnet service is available

sudo nmap -sS your-server.here

If you can't see the port listed after the scan, the problem is with your windows machine.


Logging everything to diagnose random shut downs

Normally journal ist stored in /run/log/journal meaning it is not persistent.

but you can enable it. In /etc/systemd/journald.conf

storage=persistent

source

journalctl --list-boots

show's you how many boots are stored. the previous boot has always
number -1

journalctl -b -1

show's you the journal from previous boot.

For more output in /etc/systemd/system.conf set

LogLevel=info

Or even

LogLevel=debug

very much output


Sound has disappeared on my account, works perfectly on Guest Session

This happened to me last year, sorry but I can't find the original source I found the fix from. But the solution was to do this:

rm -r ~/.config/pulse;
pulseaudio -k

Then logout and log back in. The first line removes the config folder for pulseaudio (which is I believe what @David Foerster was trying to have you do, maybe the folder is in different places in different versions of Ubuntu? I'm on 14.04), and the second command kills it. Hope this helps.


VIM: Open multiple file in specfic order

Something like this could work:
TMP=$(mktemp); ARG= ; for d in * ;  do ARG=\"$d/\"{c,a}\ $ARG ;  done ;  echo "vim $ARG" > $TMP ;  . $TMP ;  rm $TMP

A temporary file is created to hold the final command. A variable ARG is initialized. A for ... do loop creates a list of the files in the desired order into the variable. The command line is written to the temporary file and sourced from there. Once you close the editor, the temporary file will be removed.
The length of arguments is limited, so that is one factor that will impose a limit on the number of files you simultaneously can open this way.


Exclude hidden directories from subvolume/snapshot

Dot-files have no special meaning to the filesystem, and btrfs send cannot currently (Feb 2014) exclude files or directories from the target subvolume.

However, btrfs subvolume snapshot does exclude subvolumes which are contained in the target subvolume (it creates empty directories in the snapshot), so

You may replace the directories that you want to exclude with subvolumes.

rsync, or a graphical frontend such as grsync, can exclude files and directories and allows for incremental backups.

If you give the parameter --inplace to rsync, it only overwrites the different portions in the files that have changed, rather than rewriting the entire contents of the files. This is an incremental backup, by definition, and saves space on btrfs.

Instructions:

Backup @home the first time with btrfs send/receive.To do further backups: create a snapshot of the backup of @home, then run rsync to copy the current home over the newly-created snapshot, and remember to give rsync the parameter --inplace.

rsync allows for extensive customization of the backup process, you can read the list of parameters by running man rsync on the terminal.

For completeness, I'll add another approach, which is not useful once you know how to use rsync: deduplicate after a "normal" copy (rsync or cp or whatever else).

Copy the files normally, then deduplicate with bedup. (A new bedup branch was introduced that supports kernel 3.12, but it is not applicable on Ubuntu at the time of writing, because not even Ubuntu 13.10 has such a recent kernel). This is not necessary if you pass --inplace to rsync, as suggested above.

Speaking of back-ups: Remember that btrfs is experimental and so is bedup.


The best option: FGLRX - Proprietary drivers, downloaded directly from ATI and compiled yourself!

In addition to obysr's answer, I always had trouble installing using the Additional Drivers. Below are a bunch of commands I used to build and install the drivers directly from the AMD website.

sudo apt-get install build-essential cdbs fakeroot dh-make debhelper debconf libstdc++6;
sudo apt-get install dkms libqtgui4 wget execstack libelfg0 dh-modaliases;
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic xserver-xorg-core libgcc1;
sudo apt-get install ia32-libs lib32gcc1 libc6-i386;
cd /usr ; sudo ln -svT lib /usr/lib64;
cd ~/; mkdir catalyst12.4; cd catalyst12.4/
wget http://www2.ati.com/drivers/linux/amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13.1-linux-x86.x86_64.zip;
unzip ./amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13.1-linux-x86.x86_64.zip
chmod +x amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13.1-linux-x86.x86_64.run;
sudo sh ./amd-driver-installer-catalyst-13.1-linux-x86.x86_64.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/precise;
sudo dpkg -i fglrx*.deb;

Copy and paste these into a file.
Save as installATI without an extension on your Desktop (important!).
Right click on the file and select properties.
Select the 'Permissions' tab and tick the 'Allow executing as a program' textbox.
Close that window.
Press Ctrl + Alt + T to open a terminal.
Type sudo ./Desktop/installATI and enter your password


How to install openstack in Ubuntu 14.04?

You are running currently the newest version of Ubuntu - Trusty (14.04), however version of OpenStack you are trying to install on it is Havana, but Trusty was build in mind to support newest OpenStack IceHouse. Look at the picture below to see release cycles:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/CloudArchive/

So you have several options. Go with Ubuntu 12.04 if you want to use DevStack, which currently supports:

  Only Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise), Fedora 20 and CentOS/RHEL 6.5 are documented here. OpenStack also runs and is packaged on other flavors of Linux such as OpenSUSE and Debian.

you can follow simple steps to deploy OpenStack Havana on Ubuntu Precise with DevStack here:

http://devstack.org/

Or (and I really encourage you to try, if you find it interesting) to deploy OpenStack Havana on Trusty using official guide:

http://docs.openstack.org/icehouse/install-guide/install/apt/content/

It might seem a bit more complicated, but trust me you will learn a lot of stuff along the way! And it works (personal experience : ) ).

Have fun!


Ubuntu 15.10 - No internet connection with Broadcom BCM43142 802.11b/g/n Wireless Driver

I had similar issue with this for BCM4352 and been compiling drivers for each new kernel. Until one day, I've found out that in "Software & Updates" you have magical tab "Additional drivers". Just select alternative, proprietary drivers and you should be fine.

In case above doesn't give anything to choose from, here's manual way to make it working. Drivers I used were downloaded from here: http://www.broadcom.com/support/802.11/linux_sta.php - but it seems it's no longer there.

Most probably, you can use the newest one available here: https://www.broadcom.com/support/802.11 - then choose 64-bit version (https://www.broadcom.com/docs/linux_sta/hybrid-v35_64-nodebug-pcoem-6_30_223_271.tar.gz) or 32-bit version (https://www.broadcom.com/docs/linux_sta/hybrid-v35-nodebug-pcoem-6_30_223_271.tar.gz).

You can also go for drivers that I've used, thanks to Wayback Machine (Internet archive) - https://web.archive.org/web/20141213071440/http://www.broadcom.com/support/802.11/linux_sta.php - links on this website point to the exact drivers (version) that I've used. Links for both: 64-bit and 32-bit are working.

Download, extract and follow the readme file precisely. In a nutshell, something like this should be enough:

start by opening terminal and get required packages for building drivers locally:

apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic
apt-get build-dep linux

Navigate to the directory with extracted content and execute:

make clean

If this is the first time you install this driver, please make sure to follow all 3 bullets in section "INSTALL INSTRUCTIONS - Fresh installation" that is:

1: Remove any other drivers for the Broadcom wireless device.
2: Insmod the driver.
3: Setup to always load at boot time.

remeber, this are only headings, well explained in readme file. I'm writing to follow this explicitly, as initially I just removed other BCM drivers and "insmod-ed" this one, but I had to insmod it after each reboot. This third section (3: Setup to always load at boot time) is easy to miss.

Hope this works for you as well!


Encrypted root with a detached header in Ubuntu 20.04

With detached headers the disks don’t usually have a partuuid for crypt to lock on to, full disk anyway which I’m assuming your using for root.
Have you tried aiming your source as /dev/disk/BY-ID/ as that is how mine is set up.


It is solved: i startet from terminal sudo apt-get install startup to edit grub2,(editing is not working!) and get i should use because of problems: sudo dpkg --configure -a _ It worked for some time and then all was ok. Problem seems to be a pending update of nouveau, a NVIDIA-driver. There are 2 graphic cards, one integrated Intel and a seperate NVIDIA, which is still not at work, because of not installed "switcheroo" or similar to use a hardware switch on front for choosing one (powersafer)._Gnome-system-monitor works like "task-manager in win", but didn´t show the damaged update.


Is it good to install Windows after or before Ubuntu?

The solution is already pointed out, I just want to sum up everything:

When running a dual boot environment, a boot loader has to show you the operating systems installed and let you select which one you want to boot. The Ubuntu boot loader, GRUB, is capable of doing this, while the one of Windows is not.

Therefore, it is easier to first install Windows und Ubuntu afterwards. The Ubuntu installer will offer you to install Ubuntu beside Windows and will take care of everything. It's easy and the standard procedure.

Nevertheless, the other way round is possible, too. But the Windows bootloader will override GRUB. Because of that you'll have to reinstall GRUB. This can for example be achieved by booting a live system and running boot-repair.


How can I change the default date output format for the date command?

You can make an alias for date in .bashrc by typing alias date='date +%Y.%m.%d.%R' and then doing source .bashrc, if you want to change date default format.


It's still being worked on:
http://git.gnome.org/browse/rhythmbox

It's still a part of Gnome's base apps so for the most part unless Gnome dies, Rhythmbox will still be patching bugs and adding features.


wunderlist not execuring on ubuntu 12.04 64bit

Checking on one of my systems which package provide the shared library mentioned returns

$ dpkg -S /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0
libgtk2.0-0: /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0

So you probably have to run

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0

to install the shared library that wundelist complains missing...

Edit:
Turned out the link on the Wunderlist website points by default to the 32bit version of Wunderlist. On a 64bit system (as you have), it's better to use the 64bit version of Wunderlist, which is just a little bit hidden: https://s3.amazonaws.com/wunderlist/wunderlist-1.2.4-linux-64.tgz
Using this version and the method described in the links in your post, we got it working!


Ubuntu 20.04 internet connection drops after few minutes

Try this command in terminal sudo sed -i 's/3/2/' /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/* and restart network manager by using command sudo service network-manager restart and if this didn't worked disable ipv6 and do the second command again.


You can switch nvidia graphics drivers from the commandline using this command:

$ sudo apt install nvidia-###

(Replace the ### with the number of the version you want to switch to.)

Currently the latest version from the repository is nvidia-384.  The latest version # from the Official nVidia Website will depend on which specific card you specify in the download option.

You have nvidia [GeForce 940MX] which is compatible with nvidia-384 driver (currently the highest nvidia in the repository).  You can install it with this command:

$ sudo apt install nvidia-384

The following command will show you the current drivers you have installed on your computer:

$ ubuntu-drivers devices

This command will show you all the available drivers in the repository, and will include any PPA's you have installed:

$ apt search nvidia - | egrep "^nvidia-[0-9]+\/"

Because it appears that you have downloaded drivers from nvida, you will see a later version than the one in the default repository.  You can use the command to install that driver by replacing install nvidia-384 with the number you see from the previous command install nvidia-xxx.

Note:

If you inadvertently select an unstabled version that causes the desktop not to properly load, you can change the driver to the nvidia-384 (or working version) from the console (Alt+Ctrl+F2).

After the install of a different driver, this command shows which one is currently in use:

$ lspci -nnk | grep -i vga -A3

In your case, results from the requested command shows that you currently have the [HD Graphics 520] driver being used.

You can use this direct link to nVidia's Driver Downloads.  From the Operating System drop-down, choose your version of Ubuntu.

Currently the highest nVidia driver version that I find is in the PPA provided by Webupd8, which is version nvidia-396.


What does this mean? `LIBGL_DEBUG=verbose glxinfo`?

The provided information is useful for users troubleshooting the OpenGL library and producing information that can help developers debugging the OpenGL library.

  LIBGL_DEBUG
  If defined debug information will be printed to stderr. If set to verbose additional information will be printed.

Source: http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/TestingAndDebugging

The command you are typing in: LIBGL_DEBUG=verbose glxinfo defines an environment variable LIBGL_DEBUG and sets it value to verbose. Then glxinfo starts and check certain environment variables and outputs more debug info in your case. After execution of program glxinfo this environment variable is set back to its prior value (most like it is undefined then).


Misaligned Partition and Other Questions

I do not know about the partitions (1), but
I would guess it could be that your system has a graphics card/chip with shared video memory, like the graphic chips which are part of Intel iCore processors. If this is true, that missing memory is reserved for the graphics. This may be the case even if your system has also a dedicated graphics card with its own video ram. Also, some cards may have its own video ram, but it can be expanded by shared RAM. It should be possible to set the amount of RAM dedicated for the graphics in the BIOS, and maybe also in some manufacturer tools within original Windows, if it came with that OS. In the case of system with dedicated video card along with a built-in one with shared video RAM, it should be possible to disable the later (again in BIOS) if it is not used.
Such problems can be solved by boot parameters, try to look for example at this:

http://linux.koolsolutions.com/2009/08/04/howto-fix-linux-hangfreeze-during-reboots-and-restarts/

http://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootOptions


Try htop in a screen session, press F6, order by MEM, and you'll see that. Alternatively you can set up a munin-node, and get a graph that visualizes your system-behavior. atop -m also works very well for me. Some systems hide super-use processes. In that case perform your analysis as root.


Nautilus crashes when viewing directory with .jp2

This is a confirmed bug.

To disable thumbnails of .jp2, see this question.


If your issue is driver independent, then you could try the next options:

Use different desktop manager: lightdm instead of gdm3
Use different desktop environment: xubuntu-desktop, budgie-desktop, mate-desktop, lubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-desktop
Use older kernel
Try other cable


What is the difference with all the different types of .tar archives?

The .gz, .xz, .bz2, .7z, .lz, .z suffixes are used to make clear that the file is compressed with said compression algorithm. Its use is not limited to .tar files, you will also see files such as initrd.gz (an compressed initial ramdisk) or manual.txt.gz (for a compressed text document). You may also see file.tgz which is also indicates a gzip-compressed tarball (like file.tar.gz).

The file extension is a convention, it does not necessarily describe the file contents. To check what kind of file you are handling, use the file command. Example:

$ file data.tar.gz
data.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, from Unix
$ gunzip -c data.tar.gz | file -
/dev/stdin: POSIX tar archive (GNU)

In my experience, gzip-compressed files (.gz) are the most common ones. It is fast in compressing and decompressing, though there are other algorithms that yield better compression ratios.


“Emoji Choice” popup (Ctrl-Shift-E) stopped working in 20.10

This may be because GNOME has put IBus in the off state, sort of, since you don't have any input sources which require IBus.
$ gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-im-module
'gtk-im-context-simple'

A workaround to make Ctrl+Shift+E work is to:

install some IBus input method, for instance:
sudo apt install ibus-libpinyin

re-login

Open Settings -> Region & Language and add "Intelligent Pinyin" to your list of input sources (even if you have no intention to input Chinese)

Then you'll see that the gtk-im-module dconf value has changed:
$ gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-im-module
'ibus'

and that Ctrl+Shift+E works as expected.


There is a tool called motion.

sudo apt-get install motion

when installed you could possibly run it with

motion

It saves lots of jpg files in your personal folder, when there is motion detected in front of your webcam.

You can configure motion under /etc/motion/motion.conf to save an mpeg movie of the movement, instead or in addition to the jpegs...

sudo gedit /etc/motion/motion.conf

Here is a link to the Config Options, just in case: http://www.lavrsen.dk/foswiki/bin/view/Motion/ConfigFileOptions

Have Fun!


Unable to change brightness of Thinkpad X1 Extreme 4K using function keys

Ok, I've figured it out for me, at least with ubuntu 18.04 as of 2/11/2019.

Install ubuntu nvidia drivers:

# use auto-install (as mentioned by @Ibrahim)
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

Edit the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT entry in the /etc/default/grub to the following:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nvidia.NVreg_EnableBacklightHandler=1"

Update grub configuration after edit and save:

sudo update-grub

Reboot:

sudo reboot


Creating a file but with an specific name

#!/bin/bash
clear
read -p "enter name" v
echo "Beginning" >$v


How can I set the Gnome 3 cursor theme consistently for one user?

Select Wayland instead of X.org when logging in Ubuntu 17.10.


Your server containing the home directories can share them via NFS and the clients can mount them.


How do I install a Ubuntu on the cloud that can be accessed by any computer browser?

Juju only helps you here to fire up the instance with juju deploy ubuntu.

The other stuff you'd need to by hand for now unfortunately.


Need Drivers for D-link DWA 525 PCI Wireless adapter

Background on the support in Linux

It seems that support for this has been added upstream in May 2012 (see this on the mailing list):

  [PATCH] rt2x00: Add support for RT5360 based PCI devices.

  This chip is used at least by the D-Link DWA-525 adapter.

  [...]

This was committed in the kernel as commit ccf91bd and has not hit the 3.5 kernel series, unfortunately, but it is in 3.6 and up:

$ git branch -a --contains ccf91bd
  remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master
  remotes/origin/linux-3.6.y
  remotes/origin/linux-3.7.y
  remotes/origin/master

Steps for a solution

Now get connected to the internet first to be able to install packages. Use a wired connection for a while, buy an USB-to-Ethernet thingy if you don't have a wired connection or borrow a well-supported wireless adapter from a friend or neighbour.

Then try to install the backported kernel modules via the package linux-backports-modules-cw-3.6-quantal-generic as well as all the firmware packages: linux-firmware and linux-firmware-nonfree. You should have more luck with this version and firmware files.

If that still fails, try installing a complete 3.6 or 3.7 kernel (reboot afterwards) as I've described in my more general troubleshooting Q&A for wireless issues:

My WiFi adapter is not working at all, how to troubleshoot? (step 6: Try the latest stable Linux kernel)


Can I install an old version of my sound drivers on a new version of Ubuntu?

The best way to know which version works for you is to create a LiveUSB. Things you will need to do:

Download an old Ubuntu images (ISO file) from http://releases.ubuntu.com/
Go for something like ubuntu-12.04-desktop-amd64.iso
Create a LiveUSB for it, insert a USB, search "Startup Disk" in your dash, and select the ISO file for it, detailed instructions could be found here: How to create a bootable USB stick
on Ubuntu
Once you have it ready, boot the system from the USB that you just created, and select "Try Ubuntu without installation".

I would recommend you to give Precise 12.04 a try (12.04 or 12.04.1, not 12.04.2 ~ 12.04.5). Since it's released in 2012, and it runs on 3.2 LTS kernel, which means that it will be maintained till 2017.

For other releases in-between 12.04 and 14.04, you still could give them a try, but note that some of them are not supported anymore.

Good luck.


Found the answer so im adding it here for others with my problem to know: users are the pc/server's users created on your pc/server


You can use this command to disable the action:

trap "" 3

To go back to default you should use:

trap " " 3

In this example date is called when you press Ctrl+D:

trap "date" 3

kill -l gives you a list of signals.


I cant install sound for my PC. If I install win XP on virtual box, then how can I use Win xp sound driver

Virtual Box uses "virtual" hardware that communicates with your host operating (this case Ubuntu) system.  If Ubuntu doesn't see the hardware, Virtual Box can't communicate with the hardware.


13.04 black screen when waking up from suspend

try Ctrl + Alt + F6 and after return to tty7 with Ctrl + Alt + F7 (the default terminal for desktop manager) or increase brightness monitor.


Reset terminal after each command in ZSH

This post was helpful, so I put this into .zshrc:

precmd()
{
    stty sane
}


pdftk

To merge two pdf files, file1.pdf and file2.pdf:

pdftk file1.pdf file2.pdf cat output mergedfile.pdf

More info available hereWay Back Machine.

To install, run:

sudo snap install pdftk


Depends. If you are going to use ANY kind of laptop. Stick with Intel. Any Intel will do. Nvidia, although very good, heats up very fast the laptop and you will always need some kind of cooling system to have a normal temperature inside the laptop. Most heat problems in laptops are do to some of the Nvidia cards if not all. Having a source of heat so strong inside a laptop is a bad idea if the laptop does not count with a very good cooling system.

If you are into Desktop, i highly recommend NVIDIA. From a GeForce 4200 and above you should be fine using Compiz with full effects. With TNT and Geforce 2 cards i recommend having Compiz with less effects. But overall NVIDIA has a VERY GOOD performance using the proprietary drivers. (The Nouveau Open Source drivers are also good but not for 3D games yet)

ATI has many issues still (Am a Ati hater still) but i can not put aside the fact that Ati/AMD has made open sourced the Ati Code which has improved many times over from the beginnings of this year up to now. Ati drivers have come a VERY long way in so little time and i have a big hunch (I hope it does not happen for Nvidia lovers sake ;) ) than next year we will see a very strong Ati Open Sourced driver that can deliver even better than the Nvidia closed source. Please do remember that just a year ago, the Closed source Ati driver for linux was several times better than the Open Sourced one and now the Open Sourced and Closed Source are very much like (And in some instances better than the closed one). So despite the fact that i hate Ati, i see a very bright sun shiny future for it in the coming months. (Arggg i still hate you hehe)

So in conclusion, for the time being:

Use INTEL if you are using a laptop and want the laptop to last several years ALIVE!

Use NVIDIA if you want to play games, use compiz effects a lot, etc...

Use ATI closed/open drivers but be warned that you will have problems sometimes with compiz effects, games, etc.. At least for the time being.

For you question about "are all NVIDIA cards alright" yes they are. From an 16MB TNT to a 9800 1GB Ram and up. But be sure to use the correct drivers for it.

For VERY old than Geforce 4 or less use: nvidia-glx-96
For Geforce 4 up to starting the 6xxx series use: nvidia-glx-173
For 6xxx series up to the last one use: nvidia-glx-185

Note that you can use any of them for any card but that combination made above is the best you can have. Do not limit yourself with for example, if you have a 6xxx series card and do not know which one to use, go for the last nvidia-glx version. But if you are sure to have a very old one, i recommend the 96 version of nvidia-glx.

Hope all this info helps you.


Ubuntu 14.04 x64 encrypted home - signature not found in user keyring

Solved it with

ecryptfs-rewrap-passphrase /home/my_user/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase

The problem was that when I tried rewrapping the passphrase I was trying to set a passphrase different than my account password. It worked when I set it the same as my account password.


Total format and clean start of Win10/Ubuntu/Kali tri-boot hdd?

So, you want to delete everything and want to fresh start!

Do as follows:

Download ubuntu and make a bootable USB drive.
Boot your system with your bootable USB.
Then click on ‘Try Ubuntu'
Now search for a program gparted Install if not available.

sudo apt-get install gparted
Now, run gparted.
you must be greeted with list of partitions.
Delete all the partitions.
And now create new partitions as you needed, like you may want to create three separate partition for your triple booting.

Now you can install ubuntu first cause you don't have any OS in your laptop now, So it will be good to have one in first place and you don't need to do any preparation for installing ubuntu
or if you want to install any other OS first then it is your choice.


Unable to compile Broadcom wireless driver on kernel 4.x update

The answer is quite simple.

The Broadcom wireless driver from stable Ubuntu repositories does not support kernel 4.1 yet.

You can try to install bcmwl-kernel-source from wily repostory.

It is patched for Ubuntu 15.10 and works with 4.0 kernel. May work with 4.1 as well.

Copy the file to your Home folder via terminal

cd
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.248+bdcom-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb

and run

sudo dpkg -i bcmwl*.deb


Is there documentation for Ubuntu Studio operating system?

you can see the Official UbuntuStudio guide here:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuStudio/UserGuide


You forgot to close the ", and you should put spaces before/after the brackets ⌴[⌴ ... ⌴]⌴. Here is what you could do :

#!/bin/bash

crontab -l

echo "Do you want to make a change (y/n) ?"
read YES_NO

if [ "$YES_NO" == "y" ]
then
    echo "Ok great, do it !"
    crontab -e
else
    echo "Too bad, go out !"
fi