You could try out this PPA, which provides you with cutting-edge Xorg builds and related packages. To add:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Also make sure you install this tool, which will allow you to revert the changes made by the PPA:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

Then reboot your computer.

Note that this PPA has a profound impact on vital system components. If something goes wrong, you might end up in graphical safe mode, or even worse, in a recovery console.

To undo the changes, run:

sudo ppa-purge xorg-edgers


How do I find number of NICs in my system?

One way could be to use lspci:

# lspci | grep -i ethernet
00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82567LM-2 Gigabit Network Connection
01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82574L Gigabit Network Connection

Another would be to use lshw:

# lshw -C network | grep -i product
   product: 82574L Gigabit Network Connection
   product: 82567LM-2 Gigabit Network Connection

Considering the ifconfig output, yes, you do have two cards - one Ethernet and one wireless.

With dmidecode, you might need to look at a different place:

# dmidecode -t baseboard | grep Ethernet
Type: Ethernet
Description: Intel 82576 Ethernet 1
Type: Ethernet
Description: Intel 82574L Ethernet 2


sudo service iptables stop

My understanding is that this won't actually stop the ufw service, but will set the chains to policy ACCEPT, and won't block any incoming traffic.

It probably isn't a good long term solution unless your router is appropriately secure, but it will allow you to test whether the firewall rules are what is causing the problem - which given your testing with another machine they almost certainly are.


Can't install Ubuntu alongisde Windows 10 , Should i convert to GPT

You can convert from MBR to GPT form with my gdisk program, which comes in the gdisk package in Ubuntu. The process is documented in detail here.

HOWEVER, doing so will render Windows unbootable -- at least, unless and until its BIOS-mode boot loader is replaced with an EFI-mode boot loader. This is a moderately complex task in and of itself. If you want to pursue it, check out this blog, which describes the process in detail. Note that converting from a BIOS-mode to an EFI-mode boot requires support in your motherboard. If you're booted in BIOS mode, you really can't tell if this support is present from within Windows; you must reboot into the firmware setup utility and look for telltale options, such as just about any mention of "EFI" or "UEFI"; "legacy-mode booting" or a similar term; or "Secure Boot." Most PCs introduced since mid-2011 support EFI. Any computer that shipped with Windows 8 pre-installed and with a Windows 8 sticker on it should use an EFI (a UEFI, in fact -- UEFI is just EFI 2.x).

Instead of converting Windows to boot in EFI mode, you can probably either delete one of your partitions or convert one from primary to logical form, as others have suggested. My FixParts program (also part of the gdisk package in Ubuntu) can convert from primary to logical. There are constraints, but as you must resize at least one partition to install Ubuntu, these shouldn't be too onerous. You must be cautious, though -- Windows will boot only from primary partitions in BIOS mode, so you must not convert a boot partition (either your regular boot partition or an emergency boot partition).

One final twist: If your computer does use an EFI, using BIOS for dual-booting presents its own risks. The biggest risk is that you may accidentally install one OS in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode and the other in EFI/UEFI mode. This sort of cross-mode installation is difficult to get working. See this page of mine for details. Thus, if you find that your computer has an EFI, you might want to consider converting Windows from BIOS-mode to EFI-mode booting, even though it's likely to be the harder approach in the short term, in the interest of greater long-term flexibility and less chance of stumbling into a cross-mode boot nightmare. This is admittedly a difficult dilemma, though; the odds of encountering a complication with either path are higher than I'd like.

Another alternative is to install Ubuntu in a virtual machine (VMware, VirtualBox, etc.), which will bypass partitioning and boot-mode problems.


Skype for Linux does not launch itself in the background

First make sure that the setting "Upon closing, keep Skype running" is active under Tools -> Settings -> General, otherwise this solution will not work.
Then open /usr/bin/skypeforlinux and add the following lines at the end:
# Launch Skype in the background
sleep 10
wmctrl -F -c Skype

This change must be applied again after each update of Skype since the file /usr/bin/skypeforlinux is part of the Skype installation and will be brought back to its original state after each update.
wmctrl interacts with an X Window manager. wmctrl -c closes a window gracefully. wmctrl -F matches the exact, case sensitive window title.
A short wait is needed until the Skype window appears, hence the sleep command. 10 seconds worked for me, other/slower computers may need a longer wait. This is a bit flimsy and there are probably more elegant ways to wait for a window to open but it does the job as a workaround.
The setting "Launch Skype in background" under Tools -> Settings -> General will have no effect. Skype will always start in the background independent of the setting.


How many different modifier keys can we have on a keyboard?

I'm not sure if I completely understand your question but, without n-key rollover using PS/2 you can only have 4 modifier keys per keyboard.

Excerpt from this article.

PS/2 vs USB Technical Limitations

Keep the following in mind if you have an n-key rollover keyboard that can be hooked up to your computer through either USB or a PS/2 port:

USB protocol limitation - A max of 10 simultaneous key presses are recognized, 6 non-modifier keys ('w', 'a', 's', 'd', etc) + 4 modifier keys (Shift, Caps, Ctrl, etc).  Although you are limited to 6 regular keys you are still guaranteed that any combination of keys will be recognized properly if you have an n-key rollover keyboard. I would guess that most people would not need support for more keys than this. I would also guess that the 6 key limit may have had something to do with braille input requirements rather than someone choosing an arbitrary limit (although that doesn't explain why the limit exists in the first place).
    PS/2 - There are no limitations when using a PS/2 connection with your keyboard. You will truly get full n-key rollover support.

So using 2 standard keyboards without without PS/2, I think that you could have a maximum of 8 modifier keys.


using rsync between 2 ubuntu servers having a folder with SPACE in the name, how to make it work?

A space in a name is no problem, as long as you put the directory step between "". for example /home/james/"some folder"

It is not rsync that cannot handle the space, but the shell that assumes the command ends at the space.


Are these the right permissions for a webserver

If your web server run as www-data and your user belong to www-data group is sufficient:

sudo chown -R username:www-data /var/www/

(-R is for recursion) and

find /var/www/ -type f -exec chmod 640 {} \; && find /var/www/ -type d -exec chmod 750 {} \;

You do not need to assign rights to other users, so 750 is the best choice in my opinion.

the find changes files to 640 and the directories to 750 (type f and type d are the main parts in there). If you need more permissons 660 and 770 are the next step (execute permissions for group).


How to build kernel 4.15.0 on ubuntu 18.04 and avoid missing libperf-jvmti.so

I've finally found out JDK installation was needed. After installing it, the compilation was finished successfully.

apt install default-jdk


apt-cacher won't work: port 3142 blocked, how to open?

I had same problem too. To solve this issue you must edit /etc/apt-cacher/apt-cacher.conf and find the line that has this word: #allowed_hosts:*.

After finding the line delete "#" and add your allowed network to use for example:

allowed_hosts:192.168.1.0/24

save the file (use sudo for saving), restart your server and apt-cacher-server accessible from every allowed client on your network.


Ubuntu 12.04.1 dual boot - boots directly to Windows 7

I found the answer from Ubuntu forums.

Boot to live Ubuntu

sudo mount /dev/sda5 /mnt
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda
sudo umount /mnt

Reboot

Original thread: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1499828&page=2


Couple of different ways to do this. The easiest may be

mysql -u root -p <<EOF
use dbname;
create ....
....
exit;
EOF

This feeds everything between the command line and the EOF into mysql as input.


Window manager warning: Overwriting existing binding of keysym XXX with keysym XXX (keycode XX)

I temporarily it solved by uninstalling (using purge) the gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock package and restarting.


Can't install Syncdrive - dependency is not satisfiable gambas3-runtime ( =3.5)

Gambas v3.5 is not available in the official Ubuntu software sources.

According to the Gambas web page it is available from the PPA ppa:nemh/gambas3

See What are PPAs and how do I use them? if you don't know what a PPA is.


Upgrade to 17.10, now no network: Cable or Wireless

You are probably seeing the same problem that has been answered here DNS not working after upgrade 17.04 to 17.10

Your /etc/resolv.conf is pointing to networkmanagers resolv.conf, it should point to

 /run/resolvconf/resolv.conf

Restart after fixing the symlink, restart resolvconf and you network should work again.


Can't install Ubuntu because I don't have enough free space

If you cannot access your system and you want just access and manage the data of your hard disk, I think you can allways use the DVD "try before install", just delete the files on your hard disk, and then you can install it normally.

Take a look at this for instructions: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/try-ubuntu-before-you-install

I hope it help


failing to install RVM while trying to install RoR

It is a security feature introduced in the latest version of RVM, so you have to import the keys manually. Do what the error suggests:

gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3

The gpg command contacts a public key server and requests a key associated with the given ID. In this case we are requesting the RVM project's key which is used to sign each RVM release. Having the RVM project's public key allows us to verify the legitimacy of the RVM release we will be downloading, which is signed with the matching private key.


Pulseaudio not working kernel driver broken

It seems that removing and reinstalling pulseaudio fixes this problem for some people. However, the only methods I have seen are quite destructive as many packages depend on pulseaudio. To circumvent the dependency issue, we can purge pulseaudio using dpkg instead of apt.
First, run the following commands:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo dpkg -P --force-all pulseaudio
sudo rm -r ~/.pulse ~/.asound* ~/.pulse-cookie ~/.config/pulse

If you get an error at the last step, ignore the error.
Next, reinstall and restart ALSA and pulseaudio:
sudo apt install --reinstall pulseaudio
sudo alsa force-reload
systemctl --user restart pulseaudio

Finally, you can check the status of pulseaudio with the following command:
systemctl --user status pulseaudio

It should return as "loaded" and "active". If not, reboot and check the status again.


I suppose you want to download packages that will be later installed on a Ubuntu machine. The official Ubuntu repository can be accessed over the net at http://packages.ubuntu.com/. You can download .deb packages in that website and install it with dpkg -i on the Ubuntu system.


Cannot scale frequency of a Core i7 2720QM

Have you tried installing Jupiter

This app clocks down your processors when on battery to their lowest setting and kicks them back up once A/C power is restored. I have used other linux power mgmt tools but haven’t had a great experience. I have a system76 Pangolin and it’s pretty power hungry, it’s pretty much a mobile desktop and during the Natty / Oneiric releases of Ubuntu I was lucky to get 40 minutes on the beast. But that was because everything was running full power, After installing Jupiter and making some additional changes I managed to turn 40 minutes into about 1 hour & 45 minutes.


It's sudo apt-get upgrade and sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

There is no install before upgrade and dist-upgrade.


Cinnamon desktop background changes to my old Unity background intermittently

Fixed it! See here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/cinnamon/+bug/1581263

Run this command in Terminal:

xdg-mime default nemo.desktop inode/directory application/x-gnome-saved-search

The problem was that Ubuntu was defaulting to Nautilus as the file browser, instead of Nemo.

(on a side note, why are all the file browsers named after things in the ocean?)


How do I enable Trim on an SSD in a Wubi install under Windows 7?

Installing Ubuntu with Wubi creates a container file (root.disk) that occupies the full size you specified on your NTFS Windows partition. As soon as you boot Wubi-Ubuntu, it loop mounts a virtual hard disk within the root.disk container file and boots from it. Note that when you delete files in this virtual hard disk, the free space cannot be seen by Windows TRIM because the root.disk container file still occupies the full specified size.

Thus, TRIM would be only enabled when writing data to root.disk from Windows, but as explained Wubi does not do that. Files are written to this container from Ubuntu. Therefore the TRIM functionality of Windows will have no effect here.

  We can not enable TRIM for write access from Ubuntu booted with Wubi.Source

Therefore you should seriously consider installing Ubuntu as dual boot if possible, if you are running from an SSD.


I purged the .pulse folder in my home directory, the sound is now online on startup.


Subtitle Overlapping: How to comparing two timelines in subtitles (e.g. 00:18:06 vs 00:16:01) and overwriting one of them if it's overlapping?

I asked this question on #awk IRC an @geirha wrote the below great scripts. The script may be usable for other people. Subtitles overlapping problem is common because of Human error during subtitling a movie!

Suppose your timelines are in the below format:
A --> B
C --> D

Replacing B with C:

gawk '
  BEGIN {
    RS = "";
    OFS = FS = "\n";
    getline;
    n = split($0, prev_rec);
    split($2, prev_time, / --> /);
  }
  {
    split($2, a, / --> /);
    if (a[1] < prev_time[2])
      prev_rec[2] = prev_time[1]" --> "a[1];
    for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
      print prev_rec[i];
    printf("\n");
    n = split($0, prev_rec);
    split($2, prev_time, / --> /)
  }
  END {
    print
  }' SUBTITLE.srt > RESULT.srt

The above code compare B and C in this way:

If B > C => then run that charming command to replace B.
If B < C => Do nothing!

Replacing C with B:

gawk '
  BEGIN {
    RS="";
    OFS=FS="\n";
    prev="00:00:00"
  }
  {
    split($2,a,/ --> /);
    if
      (a[1] < prev) $2=prev" --> "a[2];
      print $0"\n"; prev=a[2]
  }' SUBTITLE.srt > RESULT.srt

To use scripts on some amount of srt files in a folder:

for file in *.srt
  do xxx "$file" > "$file.tmp" && mv "$file.tmp" "$file";
done

Replace xxx with the right script codes!


A lil' search, showed Those are RAM disks.

What is a RAM disk?

A RAM disk is a portion of RAM which is being used as if it were a
disk drive. RAM disks have fixed sizes, and act like regular disk
partitions. Access time is much faster for a RAM disk than for a
real, physical disk. However, any data stored on a RAM disk is lost
when the system is shut down or powered off. RAM disks can be a great
place to store temporary data.

For short,  a RAM disk is a virtual file system that runs entirely from your PC’s main memory, which means it’s lightning fast to read and write anything you want.


Apparently Evernote aren't planning to release a Linux client, however there are many alternatives compatible with Evernote. Try the following:

Tusk Great Editor
NixNote
Geeknote Not available anymore
Springseed
Red Notebook

Try some of these, it's up to personal preference really. I'm currently using Tusk, and it works pretty well


How to disable framebuffer in initramfs?

I solve it on my own.

I find that when splash doesn't show, I see there's a text on the screen:

"plymouthd could not start boot splash too many levels of symbolic links"

I unzip initrd and look into it, I check lib/plymouth/themes,

the default.plymouth is a s link which links it self!!!

I edited it and zip the initrd, reboot, works fine.

Even though there's still something wrong in fb and initramfs, splash came back, I got what I wanted.


Welcome to Ubuntu.
The answers to your question:

Firefox - yes
Lotus Word Pro - via Wine - see https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=6789  or as alternative Libreoffice
Ccleaner - not needed in Ubuntu - You will mostly install programs via package manager in Ubuntu, this keeps your system clean by default
Dfraggler - not needed in Ubuntu, the method of storing files in Linux file systems (EXT FS) is different than Windows NTFS
Nikon camera software - check this forum: https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=191844
Old Printers software - depending on your printer model there might be a printer driver for linux available


What does "Run command as a login shell" do?

Assuming that your shell is Bash (the default in Ubuntu), these are the differences:

When running as a login shell, Bash will read ~/.bash_profile (or, if that doesn't exist, ~/.profile) on startup. In some cases, this file reads ~/.bashrc as well.
When running as a non-login shell, Bash will read ~/.bashrc.

So, why do you see different behaviors when running as a login/non-login shell? Because your .bash_profile/.profile is doing different things than your .bashrc.

The solution I would recommend in your case is to copy the customizations made to .bash_profile/.profile, paste them into .bashrc and disable "Run command as a login shell".


Libreoffice-templates package - how do I access them?

The template files are installed to:

/usr/lib/libreoffice/share/template/

However, there seem to be only a handful of Impress templates, and not one Writer template.

Source: http://packages.ubuntu.com/quantal/all/libreoffice-templates/filelist

(You can change "quantal" in the above address with "raring" if your release is 13.04).


What is the terminal command to show desktop?

Ah, found it for Xubuntu! No terminal command is needed.

The shortcut is in Settings Manager > Window Manager > Keyboard.

Originally I was only looking in Settings Manager > Keyboard > Application Shortcuts, thinking I needed to know the terminal command to use Show Desktop to apply it to a keyboard shortcut, but looks like I don't need to know the terminal command after all.

Thank you for your help, sorry for the confusion~


The key part is "using password: NO". You need to provide a password:

sudo mysql -u root -p

and enter the password you set MySQL up with during installation.

Workaround in case you do not know it:

sudo -i

insert the admin password and then do

mysql

It will allow you to set a user if wanted and a password through the MySQL command line.


What do I need to do to get Software Updater to work though I'm connected and can browse the internet?

Please click the "check" box, which is next to the "update" box.  Sometimes that detangles the updater.


The right way should be:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Now, run:

ubuntu-drivers devices | grep recommended

to find out recommended Nvidia driver for your machine. If this is let's say, for example, nvidia-319, then, to install it, run:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-319

This should be enough.

More about: How do I install the Nvidia drivers?.


Thinkpad 13 2G - i7-7500U - freeze after wakeup

I found problem is caused by the touch screen driver. During wakeup the module i2c_hid drop out a lot of error visible in the kernel log as:

Apr 20 20:25:46 domenico-T132G kernel: [  230.882336] i2c_hid i2c-RAYD0001:00: i2c_hid_get_input: incomplete report (58/16946)

this problem set the kernel in some strange condition casing it to OOPS.

The workaround is to unload the module before go to sleep and re-load after wake-up.

I created a script in /lib/systemd/system-sleep/disabletouch that do this:

#!/bin/sh
set -e

if [ "$2" = "suspend" ] || [ "$2" = "hybrid-sleep" ]; then
    case "$1" in
        pre)
                modprobe -r i2c_hid
                sleep 1
                ;;
        post)
                sleep 1
                modprobe i2c_hid
                ;;
    esac
fi

I would appreciate if someone can send the problem to the Kernel guys.


Dual boot Ubuntu 15.04-windows 8.1 ubuntu missing boots to windows

Windows cannot or does not want to read ext4 file systems, that's why you see them as empty. Assuming you have a Windows 8 or 10 operating system installed in UEFI mode, follow this :

Boot into Windows installation and disable hibernation and Fast Boot.

To disable hibernation open command prompt as administrator and execute:

powercfg /h off

To disable Fast Boot open Control Panel (the old version - not the modern design),
select the Energy Settings, enable show hidden settings and uncheck Fast Boot.
Shut down the machine completely - do NOT reboot !
reinstall the GRUB boot loader to your Ubuntu installation  in EFI mode.
Boot from the Ubuntu installation media - then  open a terminal and execute:

sudo mount /dev/sd*** /mnt
sudo mount /dev/sd** /mnt/boot/efi
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
sudo chroot /mnt
grub-install /dev/sd*
update-grub

Note:

sd* = disk | sd** = efi partition | sd*** = system partition

To identify the partition numbers use GParted.
The tool is included in the Ubuntu install media.

Boot into BIOS and change the boot order in UEFI settings.
Select Ubuntu to be the default operating system to boot.

You can select which OS to boot from the GRUB boot menu.


Is the copy speed from ext4 to NTFS the same as from NTFS to NTFS?

There is no relation between a file server source drive and destination drive (from a format perspective).
Unless you have some unusual extra fast network it is not likely to make any difference. The bottleneck on a file transfer over the network is the network transport itself, reading from the server is expected to be faster. Anyway accessing the data from Linux is expected to be faster using ext4 than ntfs.


How do I find the starting and end block numbers of a file using terminal in Ubuntu?

Use hdparm:

sudo hdparm --fibmap FILENAME

where FILENAME is the path to your file.

Regarding your calculations:

97504*512/1024^2=47,6 that's how you do this.

Regarding the not fitting in the block range:

You circled the NTFS drive in the fdisk output, which ends at LBA 251863039, the hdparm output reports, that the file system on which the tested file resides begins at LBA 251863040. So you are looking at the wrong file system in the fdisk output, because your file is on sda2 not on sda1.


How to get more detailed reason for Thunderbird crashing?

Reporting and Getting Information About this Crash Bug

Since this is a bug (application crashes are definitely not intended behavior), you can do the following.

Enable Apport crash reporting, so that when the crash happens next, information will be automatically gathered, displayed, and (if you wish, which I highly recommend) submitted for attachment to your bug report.
When you submit the information to Launchpad for attachment to your bug report, a new browser window/tab will open. Wait for the information to be processed, and you'll be able to describe what happened (as best you can).
Launchpad may suggest existing bugs that this is a duplicate of. If any come up, you can read the information written there and see if you think you can be pretty sure yours is the same. If not, submit your bug report--it can be marked as a duplicate of another bug later, if it turns out to be one.
Before submitting the bug report, please read this thoroughly and carefully, as that explains the important considerations for reporting bugs in Ubuntu. That also explains the whole process in more detail than this answer. (You may want to do read this even before doing the other steps.)
When you're happy with your bug report, submit it. It may be marked as a duplicate of another bug, and if so, you might find information in that bug. Even if not, triagers and developers, in the process of investigating your bug, may be able to give you information that would help. And even if they cannot, submitting the bug report is the first step to getting the bug fixed, which should help you and anyone else suffering from it.

A Possible Workaround for Thunderbird Crashes In General

Many Firefox and Thunderbird crashes happen because of bugs handling your profile or other user-specific data. You should see if the crash occurs when you run Thunderbird in another user account. (If you only have one account, you can create another one to test this.)

If the problem does not occur when you run Thunderbird in another user account, then you can move your Thunderbird profile "out of the way" by renaming the directory that contains it. Thunderbird will not have access to your locally stored emails, and you'll have to reconfigure it for all your email accounts, but this may solve the problem for you, and this also useful information for your bug report.

I recommend submitting your bug report before doing this, so that information from the crash gets submitted even if this technique solves the problem and you don't want to reverse it. Then you can edit your bug report to include information about what happened. Alternatively, produce the crash, submit the crash data to Launchpad, try this, and include information about it in your original bug report.

To move your Thunderbird profile out of the way:

Make sure Thunderbird is not running.
In your home directory, find the folder called .thunderbird. (You will have to do View > Show Hidden Files--or Ctrl+H--in the Nautilus file browser to see it, as files and folders that start with a . are hidden by default.)
Rename this file to thunderbird.old.
Start up Thunderbird.

Alternatively, you may prefer to do this from the Terminal:

Make sure Thunderbird is not running.
Open the Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T).
Run this command:

mv ~/thunderbird ~/thunderbird.old

Start up Thunderbird.

I think some older versions of Thunderbird might store your profile in ~/.mozilla/thunderbird rather than ~/.thunderbird, so if ~/.thunderbird doesn't exist, you might want to look in ~/.mozilla.

Ensuring All Systemwide Configuration Files From the PPA Version Are Removed

The output of apt-cache policy thunderbird confirms that the PPA version is no longer installed. However, it's possible that there are some systemwide configuration files left over from it. It may have left systemwide configuration data that the newer version (from Ubuntu's official software sources) is choking on. To account for the possibility that it left configuration files other than those automatically created by the current version, you should purge not just the current systemwide configuration data, but the old one too. And this is an opportunity to reinstall Thunderbird as well, in case the installation is somehow corrupted.

So, the following directions do the following:

Remove Thunderbird and all its systemwide configuration files.
Install the old PPA version of Thunderbird. (This is temporary, and only to facilitate remove it more completely than before.)
Remove the old PPA version of Thunderbird and all its systemwide configuration data files.
Reinstall Thunderbird (the current version, from the official software sources).

Here's how to achieve this:

Make sure Thunderbird is not running.
Run these commands in a Terminal window:

sudo apt-get --purge --reinstall install thunderbird=11.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.10.04.1~mts1
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get --purge --reinstall install thunderbird

Run Thunderbird, and see if the problem is fixed.

This will probably not help...but it might fix the problem, and it's definitely worth trying. If/when you report this as a bug, whether or not this worked will be relevant. (Though if it does work, you might decide not to report the bug.)

Please note that your current systemwide Thunderbird configuration files (if any) will also be purged, but that won't make you lose stored emails or account settings because that is user-specific rather than systemwide.


You may not have the correct settings in place in Setings > Privacy > Screen Lock.

Set to On with the other options set as required in the sub-menu which then opens.
If you have set the User account to  Automatic Login, you will need to select left Windows key and enter users on the search box (or use the search tool in Settings
This will produce the following screen. Select Unlock to make changes and set Automatic Login to OFF.


Your compile failed so the binary doesn't exist to begin with.
You don't have the requisite compile dependencies - python3-pip - installed so the compile fails because you don't have the Python requirements.
Start by installing python3-pip and then retry your compile.
If python3-pip IS installed, then you need to edit the Makefile and replace pip with pip3, then run make.


Some udftools will have a udffsck. That would be the better approach but the upstream project is dead so unlikely Ubuntu will ever have it.

You can try fsck for "udfs" like this...

sudo su
fsck -F udfs /dev/{device} {device-name}

From man fsck: " fs-specific-options. Options which are not understood by fsck are passed to the filesystem-specific checker.  These arguments must not take arguments, as there is no way for fsck to be  able  to  properly  guess  which  arguments  take options and which don't." If it works
{device} and {device-name} should be changed to the device and name used for your portable hard drive
you probably will need to do this on a root prompt so sudo su 1st. Be careful when using the # prompt.

Otherwise you will not be able to do this...


Screen freezes when going full-screen mode - Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Create a file named 20-modesetting.conf under the /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d directory, with the following content:
Section "Device"
   Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
   Driver      "modesetting"
EndSection

Some people suggest removing the Intel graphics driver entirely (https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=606152#c73):
sudo apt-get purge xserver-xorg-video-intel

This will essentially force Ubuntu to use the modesetting driver.
I think it is a more elegant solution to leave the Intel graphics driver as is and just override it with a simple configuration file.
For the moment, the Intel graphics driver is responsible for many problems, such as freezing when in full screen mode and flickering in Google Chrome.


Php script not showing errors but only redirects to homepage

In this section

$updsql = "UPDATE orders SET total = total + "
          . $totalprice . " WHERE id = "
          . $_SESSION['SESS_ORDERNUM'] . ";";
mysqli_query($updres);

You have a variable named $updsql but on the query, it is named $updres.


You can install it with pip:

pip install pyhton-pkcs11

But you need build dependencies:
 debhelper, swig, python-dev


How can I use remote desktop (VNC) without having logged in first?

Sinse you want to keep it simple - enable autologin. Settings - Details - Users - Unlock = click on auto login for one of users

More complicated way is X11VNC, details how to install and configure it is searchable, I'll not including it in answer as you want it easy way


Google Chrome will drop 32-bit machines but Chromium is still going. (Source)

Just install Chromium instead of Google Chrome. You'll find it in the software centre.

I think that one difference between Google Chrome and Chromium is that there's a plugin called Widevine Content Decryption Module installed in Google Chrome by default but not in Chromium.

Try (this):

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:pipelight/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pipelight-multi

then

sudo pipelight-plugin --enable widevine

This should install pipelight and install the plugin in Chromium.

There's another source that say that you might require to install flash. If so just install it from Adobe's website.


Today I released a new version of Gnome Commander in which I removed the dependency of libgnome, libgnomeui and gnome-keyring-1. You could give it a try. But as far as I heard, gnome-vfs was also dropped in Ubuntu 20.04, so you probably won't be able to build GnomeCommander on that distro as it still depends on that library.
By the way, as discussed above already... if anyone here want's to help creating a snap or a flatpak package, you are more than welcome to jump in.


Find files with the same name but different extensions and delete the oldest

I've written a short bash script.
It takes all non-folder files in a folder (from which it is executed) and moves the older files with same name to folder.
 I named the folder "remove_##" where ## is a number.
The names of files are taken as same if they are same before the last dot! e.g. 123.png is taken as same as 123.jpg but not as 123.tar.gz.
If two (or more) files have same modification time than the script preserves the first one it encountered and writes a message to output. It shouldn't do anything bad if you use it in right folder!

remove_older.sh:

#!/bin/bash

REMOVE_FOLDER="remove_"$$
mkdir $REMOVE_FOLDER

ls --color=never -p | grep -v / | sed "s;\..*;;g" | sort -n | uniq  | \
while read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
    time=0   # currently a youngest mtime of files with $line name
    newest=0 # currently a youngest file with $line name

    for file in $line.* ; do
        mtime=`stat -c %Y $file` # reads mtime of $file
        if [[ "$mtime" -gt "$time" ]]; then # we found younger file
            time=$mtime
            newest=$file
        elif [[ "$mtime" -lt "$time" ]]; then # we found older file
            mv $file $REMOVE_FOLDER
        else  # files have same modification time -> does nothing
            echo "File $file has same modification time as $newest!"
        fi
    done

    if [[ "$newest" != 0 ]]; then # we found some files!
        for file in $line.* ; do
            if [[ $file != $newest ]]; then
                mv $file $REMOVE_FOLDER # remove older file
            fi
        done
    fi
done


I did some research earlier and also reached AWS support for comments.

And the short answer is: Yes they are official images

AWS official images for Ubuntu as same as those provided by the Canonical organisation. Only thing AWS does is, mark them as official in "Getting Started" page.

Important thing to note is that they are not currently available under Free tier unless specified under the image in future.

To find Official Canonical Ubuntu 18.04 image for AWS, visit https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/locator/ec2/ and filter for the particular image, in the particular region. And then use that AMI id to search in AWS console.


Remove default entries from Files (Nautilus) quicklist in Ubuntu 13.10

Finally, I found an answer in Nautilus bookmarks are missing since upgrade to 13.04 answer, section Manual approach and removing default entries. Works also for Ubuntu 13.10.

To summarize:

Bookmarks for Nautilus are stored in an editable file in ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks where we may manually (or programmatically) add and remove path entries which take effect immediately. Bookmarks for default places in Home folder (like Pictures folder, Downloads folder,...) are also included there and can be removed and will not be autmatically recreated on login.


Why should I use SSH keys instead of passwords?

SSH is a must use tool for system administrators. However, residing access security on a human entered password is not very wise.

Script kiddies may break into your system due to a lazy user with a weak password. And it is beyond the system administrator power to make users choose good passwords.

The good news is that there is a way to leave remote access open and have not to worry about passwords. The method consists on authentication via asymmetric cryptography. The user’s private key is the one that grants the authentication. You can even lock user’s account to disallow completely password authentication.

Another advantage of this method, is that one does not need different passwords to log on different servers. One can authenticate via the personal private key on all servers, needing not to remember several passwords.

It is also possible to make logins with no password asked with this method.

Implementation

More Detailes


Xrandr has brightness parameter not backlight. You can set brightness level (eg. 0.9):

xrandr --output DSI1 --brightness 0.9

or use solution from here


I want to be able to update my software, how can I do this? Its asking for a password and I don't know where to get it from

You do have a password, or else how do you logiin? When doing "sudo" or similar root operations, the password is your password.


How to run spotify in the background in 18.04?

You need 1st to update spotify. Open terminal and paste one by one the following lines:

 echo deb http://repository.spotify.com testing non-free | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install spotify-client

Then install missing tray with:

sudo apt install sni-qt

Then try either these commands:

spotify --minimized

OR

nohup spotify

you are done.


I solved the problem with :

sudo mongod --dbpath=/var/lib/mongodb and then mongo to access the mongodb Shell.


You would most likely be looking for how to install ubuntu. There are countless guide scattered about the internet but here are some links to some easy guide to it
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-ubuntu-desktop
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation

Some things you will need beforehand, The operating system on a DVD or on a USB that is the big things you need to use these guides above. I hope I helped you with this, if you have anymore questions just ask all over the site.

(Also you dont just "Access" Ubuntu from your computer its a process that involves rebooting your computer, Windows 7 is an operating system, While ubuntu is also an operating system, Ubuntu however is free and does not cost large amounts of money like other operating systems. Also Do you just want to get ubuntu for anything in specific? As ubuntu is a very hard operating system to use if you have no other knowledge of it. Ask around on the site if you have any more questions about ubuntu) P.S Appropriate tags for this would be ubuntu installation or questions


How to convert webm video to mp4 when encountering errors for unsupported LBRR frames and decoding SILK/Opus

You might want to check https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/kurento/-csxDrMgLnE for the answer : basically the built-on OPUS support in ffmpeg is not perfect but libopus does a better job for situations like that so simply add -acodec libopus in front of your input and that should do the trick (it does for me).


RUN_DAILY

If "yes" it runs daily automatically, it "no" you need to run it manually. Als have a look at /etc/cron.daily/chkrootkit. Here you can add something like it sending the report to an e-mail address.

RUN_DAILY_OPTS

These are options you can include. -q means quiet so it does not print anything on screen when running.

DIFF_MODE

If this is set to "yes" chrootkit compares the files /var/log/chkrootkit/log.expected with /var/log/chkrootkit/log.today.

Have a look at /etc/cron.daily/chkrootkit and $CHKROOTKIT $RUN_DAILY_OPTS. You can expand this with a | mail -s $HOSTNAME $YOUR_EMAIL_ADDRESS (untested!) to have it send mails after the scan is done.


Unable to run apt-get update command !! due to docker repo

the problem is about repository being in /etc/apt/sources.list.d folder or directly in /etc/apt/sources.list file.
Once you remove it from there you should be good to go.

However, I'd suggest fixing missing GPG keys as explained in
https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/ubuntu/#set-up-the-repository
as user Rovo sugested


How to watch High quality youtube videos in movie player (totem)?

You may want to try minitube. For some reason I dont know, it can play streams in high quality and has the opportunity to save those streams


From the desktop, click on Files and select Home.

Files :

Move the cursor to the top of the screen and click on Edit, then Preferences from the drop down menu to open the Files Preferences window.

Select the Behavior tab, Under Trash check mark “Include a Delete command that bypasses Trash“. Click on Close.

Source : https://www.avoiderrors.com/ubuntu-delete-context-menu/

I've tested it on Ubuntu 18.10


Strange behaviour when minimizing virtualbox in fullscreen mode

I'm pretty sure it's a bug in Unity since a recent update. I've started experiencing it about a month ago with the full screen writing app Focuswriter and I've found out that it happens when any full screen program on my system is minimized.

I've filed this bug report:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/1069451

If you confirm it, maybe they will do something about it ...


How will Dropbox work in a third data partition?

There is a native dropbox app for Linux, but nothing from the Microsoft and Google for OneDrive and GoogleDrive respectively.

Dropbox is ending NTFS support in Linux systems on November 7, 2018. Only ext4 file system will be supported in Linux system and NTFS will only be supported in Windows.

The original answer below will not work!

Partition setup

Your idea of three partitions, one for Windows, second for Ubuntu, and third for data is fine. Make the data partition NTFS, so that both Windows and Ubuntu can read it. In the data partition create a folder that Dropbox would sync.

Dropbox setup

In Windows

Dropbox sync folder usually is at C:\Users\<username>. Once you have setup Dropbox in Windows you can move the Dropbox folder to your data partition using the method described in How to change the location of your Dropbox folder

The main steps are:

Click the Dropbox icon in your system tray, click the Settings icon, and then choose Preferences.

In the Dropbox Preferences window, switch to the Account tab. Next to the current folder location, click Move.

Browse for the data partition. A folder named Dropbox will be created inside it any folder you choose, so don’t create a new folder named “Dropbox”–just pick the folder you want your “Dropbox” folder to reside in. Click OK.

In Ubuntu

Make sure the Multiverse repositories are active. Install Dropbox using the Ubuntu Software app and set up as usual.

Click the Dropbox icon in the top panel, click the Settings icon, and then choose Preferences.

In the Dropbox Preferences window, switch to the Sync tab. Next to the Dropbox  folder location, click Move.

Browse for the data partition. A folder named Dropbox should already be there if you moved the folder from Windows there. Choose the parent folder of that Dropbox folder and click OK.


iwlwifi fails occasionally with "Hardware error", "Queue stuck" and "Microcode SW error"

I have written a bash script to conveniently restart my iwlwifi module whenever the problem comes back.
I am sharing it here just as a temporary fix that worked for me. This script accepts input parameters to be passed to modprobe iwlwifi. I haven't still found a parameter that fixes the problem for sure, thus I leave it blank for now.
#!/bin/bash

params=""
delay=5

# if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
if [ $USER != 'root' ]; then
    echo "Must be run as root!"
    exit
fi

# if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
#     echo "Script run with no input arguments..."
# fi

for i in $*; do
    params=" $params $i"
done

echo "removing iwlwifi module..."
modprobe -r iwlwifi

if [ -z "$params" ]; then
    echo "iwlwifi will be reinserted with no additional settings specified..."
else
    echo "iwlwifi will be reinserted with the following params:$params"
fi

echo -n "reinserting in $delay seconds"
for ((i=0; i<$delay; i++)); do
    sleep 1
    echo -n .
done
echo

modprobe iwlwifi $params

echo "end of script" `basename "$0"`


In order to remove window you need to use disk utility or Gparted to format the partition that windows is on.
Once that has been done open a Terminal (using Ctrl+Alt+T) then use the following command

sudo update-grub

This will update grub and remove the windows entry.


Stuck trying to get NVIDIA binary drivers 14.04

I believe what you're experiencing is a bug. I don't know the specifics, but other people with Optimus and your particular video card experience similar issues. See here for instance: https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/731416/-337-12-beta-gm107m-geforce-gtx-860m-ee-no-devices-detected-/

Seeing as lspci sees your video card, I believe installing the proper driver will work. The nvidia 340 driver has been suggested to work with your setup, and can be installed from the xorg-edgers PPA on Ubuntu 14.04 with:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-340


GRUB rescue error on installed Ubuntu 13.04 with my Windows 8 pro. I tried to merge a partition of e drive that was not my os drive

Run a live Ubuntu CD or USB, then open Terminal , you need to install boot-repair, it just simple tool to install GRUB boot , and scanning for other OS exiting on your HDD,

Connect to Internet.
Open Terminal
then type sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
then sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)
Launch Boot Repair from Terminal : boot-repair
Press Recommended Repair.

You can find fore info Here.


If I install a development library, do I need to install th regular library package?

Generally speaking, every time you use a packaging tool (like APT, APTITUDE or SYNAPTIC) to install the development file of a library, such packaging tool will automatically select dependencies for that installation, and the library itself will be one of the dependencies.

This happens because, generally speaking, the development package of a library file is configured to depend on the installation of the library itself.

A possible reason why the compiled library is configured to be installed along with the library's development file is because after the installation of the library the packagin tool runs ldconfig, thus making it easier for the developer to test the compiled library's features and performance before deciding wheter to modify the library's source or not. It also makes it easier for the developer to test new compilations of the modified library under the same library name.


It means there is no package version for vivid. You can try download this package manually from this repository page and install that. But it doesn't mean it really not available for vivid, usually maintainer just didn't build this package in vivid environment, but it still could work in newer Ubuntu release.


What is GIT (program that Linus created)

I will try with simple terms:

Git is a program where you can save your files in a repository and make versions of these files. This means you can share a document with another person and both of you can modify these documents and know exactly who wrote each line!

Besides that, if you accidently removed a line or the entire document you can restore it to a previous version!

I hope my explanation helped you.


How can I switch between windows of the same application?

This is old question, but I had the same problem and found Alt + ` switches the windows of the same application. Thus, sharing the same for reference.


Swift installation error on Ubuntu 14.04(32 bit installation) - 64bit Machine

To date, Swift is only available for 64-bit systems. You are running on 32-bit, as is visible from your error.

Currently, you have three options:

Install a 64-bit distribution;
Buy a 64-bit PC;
Wait for Apple to release a 32-bit version.

I'd probably opt for the 64-bit choice...


Chances are you can offload the video playback onto the video card, instead of using the CPU(s).

Make sure you have the vaapi packages installed (for Intel/AMD video card):

  sudo apt-get install libva1 libva-x11-1 vainfo vdpau-va-driver

If you have an Nvidia card add this:

  sudo apt-get install vdpauinfo libvdpau

Since mplayer is working fine, it may already be using hardware acceleration. So these packages may already be installed.

Next, see if VLC will start with hardware acceleration:

  vlc -v /path/to/name-of-file

There also is an option in the GUI to turn on hardware acceleration. Check to see what it is set on (Tools>Preferences>Input/Codec):


Removed Flash Drive after installation before restarting

I would suggest re-install, primarily because 16.10 reached End-of-Life on 20 July 2017.

LTS versions have five years (plus ESM - extended service if you pay), but non-LTS releases have shorter life.  Use 16.04 LTS or 17.04.


Install the proprietary driver by

sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates

and reboot.

Then switch the adapters using Catalyst GUI or

sudo aticonfig --px-dgpu

to AMD

sudo aticonfig --px-igpu

to Intel.


Try this, a little tedious but worked for me:

If the system boots without showing you GRUB, when it stalls press "ALT+F1" (or fn-ALT-F1) to enter console mode. Enter your credentials and when the prompt appear enter :

sudo nano /etc/default/grub
Then find the line "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=“quiet splash" and enter after "splash":

i915.lvds_channel_mode=2 i915.modeset=1 i915.lvds_use_ssc=0

so the line should look like this:

`GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=“quiet splash i915.lvds_channel_mode=2 i915.modeset=1 i915.lvds_use_ssc=0"`

Uncomment (remove the "#" before) the line "GRUB_TERMINAL=console"
Exit with CTRL-X and confirm saving the changes without changing the output name.
Then do: sudo nano /etc/grub.d/10_linux
Locate the line

echo "    insmod gzio" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"

with CTRL-W (you can use the string „gzio“).

Immediately BEFORE this line, enter the following so it looks like this:

echo "    outb 0x728 1" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"

echo "    outb 0x710 2" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"

echo "    outb 0x740 2" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"

echo "    outb 0x750 0" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"

echo "    insmod gzio" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"

(one line after the other, don't jump lines. I don't understand why askubuntu website don't let me just press enter once to break a line, anyway...)

Double check your edits carefully.

Save and close this file too with CTRL-X.
Now you can do : sudo update-grub

Update your system, reboot, press ALT and boot into MacOS. Re-Install rEFInd and you can boot back to Ubuntu. First linux option in boot menu is to boot with intel graphic chip, second linux option is to boot with discreet card.

So the key here lies in those lines :

outb 0x728 1
outb 0x710 2
outb 0x740 2
outb 0x750 0

and :

i915.lvds_channel_mode=2 i915.modeset=1 i915.lvds_use_ssc=0

Which deactivate (as I understand) the discreet graphic card so that Ubuntu is not confused at boot (so it finds only one graphic chip).

EDIT: one more thing: if you find yourself stuck at "[ OK ] Any sentence here", you may enter the graphical interface by doing "ALT+F1" and then "ALT+F7" (you may need to hold the -fn key along with the others). It seems to refresh the boot process.

Reference :
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2157775


I think it's because xrdp doesn't allow multiple sessions with the same user, and when you open the VM via the virtual manager, it's already consumed. Just for the sake of the test, could you create a new user and try to open a session with it?


What are my best options for converting a physical 14.04 install to a VM?

While a direct P2V seems like it would be ideal,  the issues I was running into made it really not worth the trouble.  If you could go directly from a physical machine to a vmplayer file that would have been great (and I think in the past were able to do this).  Anyway here is how I managed to do this, and it is pretty painless in the end.

Shrink your existing volume, with gparted,  to a size that makes sense,  for example if you are only using 100G on a 1T real disk you might want to reduce the volume to something close to the minimum needed.
Image the partition with clonezilla
Install vmplayer or virtual box client on the host
Create your VM,  using the option to defer the OS install
Use gparted on the VM to create your partion. Create a partition larger than the partition you imaged (maybe 2X?)
Create a swap partion in the VM as well
use clonzilla to restore the image to the VM partition
Install grub on the VM partition.
Use blkid to find the uuid of your swap partion and update the /ect/fstab file accordingly.


If your computer has an optical drive (or you have an external optical drive that connects to your computer through an interface such as USB from which it can boot), you can install by burning the installation CD .iso image to a CD or DVD and booting from that. You could try using the alternate .iso rather than the desktop .iso, though that seems that it would be unlikely to help, considering how early in the boot process the error occurs.

Besides that, you can try the specific suggestions I've posted in the two questions themselves.


Applying patch automatically to file from a package each time the latter is upgraded

You could merely add a test to your post-upgrade hook.

function test_for_theme(){
  // Scrape /var/log/apt/history.log for newest upgrades
  // Return 0 if $PACKAGE_NAME is not in the log
  // Return a different integer if $PACKAGE_NAME is in the log
  tail -n4 /var/log/apt/history.log | grep Upgrade | grep -c $PACKAGE_NAME
  }

if [ test_for_theme -ne 0 ]; then
  apply_patch
  do_other_things
  notify_me
fi
exit 0


How to use Intel HD Graphics for regular desktop usage, while just using my NVIDIA GPU for DNN training

You can install the prime indicator and it allows you to switch manually without a password. More information can be found here. This works with the Unity desktop but you will need nvidia-331 or greater.

Open a terminal and type the following commands one at a time to install:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gdebi nvidia-prime nvidia-331 nvidia-settings python-appindicator
wget http://ppa.launchpad.net/nilarimogard/webupd8/ubuntu/pool/main/p/prime-indicator/prime-indicator_0.1-1+git20140109~webupd8~0_all.deb
sudo gdebi prime-indicator_0.1-1+git20140109~webupd8~0_all.deb

UPDATE: NEW INSTRUCTIONS

purge nvidia-331 and the prime-indicator with this command:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia-331 prime-indicator

Reinstall your old drivers (340 cuda etc...) and reboot the system using your preferred drivers.

Now, install git if not already installed on your system with this command:

sudo apt-get install git

Then, clone into the source code and install prime-indicator from source using the following commands (also, make sure your firewall is open to git I believe it's port:9418):

git clone https://github.com/beidl/prime-indicator.git
cd prime-indicator
chmod a+x setup.sh
sudo ./setup.sh

You can select y to start the indicator automatically or if it doesn't show up right away in your Unity panel up top, run the following command to get it started (no need to reboot):

nohup prime-indicator

You may now close the terminal.

Click here for more info>


Why does the grub menu list two different versions of Ubuntu to boot into after I upgraded?

Try the following: open a terminal, type sudo update-grub, hit enter and type your password (there won't be any stars or so) and hit enter again. Wait a little, and reboot your computer. Did this erase the Ubuntu 10.04 entry?

If it doesn't, try to select the 10.04 entry and boot on it. Please edit your question to explain what happens.


It seems that the package in cache is damaged. Clean first the cache with the command:

sudo apt-get clean

before install the package with:

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool


I had a very simular situation a couple years ago, with a simular nvidia card. When you installed Ubuntu, how did it run from the live disk? Grub is the bootloader. Press right shift while booting until a screen comes up with boot options, select Ubuntu (recovery mode). From there select "drop to a root shell", and than remount your hard disc as read/wite:

mount -o remount,rw /

Now let's get rid of all the Nvidia drivers:

apt-get purge nvidia* && apt-get update && reboot

.
See what happens. The system will boot and try to use Novuea (however you spell it) which is the default nvidia open source driver, i think. With that card, IIRC, you may want to try the Nvidia 331 driver. If that does not work, perhaps one from the Xorg guy's repo:

ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

When you installed Ubuntu, how did it run from the live disk?

This thread suggests perhaps the 304 driver would work for you. Basically, Nvidia cards are really finicky. If you install the wrong one than the machine sometimes fails to boot at all. (I am pretty sure I've seen a video of Lynis Torvalds himself tell nvidia straight up that they suck) ... but there is a driver that will work for you, unless your system is really, really old. What kind of processor do you have btw?


How to fix unstable wireless internet connection with BCM4312?

According to your pastebin you need to install the firmware files for your wireless adapter.

 [   36.601067] b43-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "b43/ucode15.fw" not found
 [   36.601073] b43-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "b43-open/ucode15.fw" not found
 [   36.601075] b43-phy0 ERROR: You must go to http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43#devicefirmware and download the correct firmware for this driver version. Please carefully read all instructions on this website.

Ubuntu has a page dedicated to helping users with broadcom WIFI adapters.


You generally don't need to install BIND. You generally use the registrar's (web-based) tools to configure the registrar's nameserver such that it includes A and other records for your domain.


Installing Ubuntu 20.04 on external ssd gives errors

I was able to solve this by repartitioning the ssd.  I created a 200 MB partition, which resulted in a 33 MB free space (like above) and a 167 MB partition.  I made the 167 MB partition EFI.  Then I made the rest of the ssd an ext4 partition with a root file system.  Then Ubuntu 20.04 installed onto the extssd.
Apparently the failure I was seeing above was trying to set the 33 MB free space to an EFI partition.  Apparently 33 MB is too small for an EFI partition.
Since I did this on a Ubuntu 20 system I didn't have the problems of fixing up the Windows boot loader that other blogs describe after creating a bootable external ssd with Ubuntu.
I'm able to boot into Ubuntu 20.04 from my external ssd on another laptop with Windows 10 as long as I disable secure boot first.  I also added my external ssd as another UEFI boot option in the firmware settings.  When I want to boot back into Windows 10 I have to go into the firmware settings and enable secure boot.  If I don't it invokes bitlocker on me.
So the only downside to booting Ubuntu 20.04 from an external ssd is having to edit the firmware settings to disable secure boot first (and then re-enabling secure boot when I want to boot into Windows 10).


This particular plugin can be added to vlc and set running but it is very old with a copyright date of 2010 and does not work as advertised.

However you can try it out by copying the downloaded lua file 140695-imdb.lua to the correct location of ~/.local/share/vlc/lua/extensions/140695-imdb.lua. You may have to create this file structure manually by running the following command from a Terminal window:

mkdir -pv ~/.local/share/vlc/lua/extensions/

Then the plugin is activated by accessing 'View --> The Internet Movie Database' as seen in my screenshot below:

But this plugin is old and does not appear to work as advertised, the IMDB search link did not manage to appropriately find movie information in my testing...


Upgrade Ubuntu 12.04 to 14.04 without upgrading Apache. Or downgrade back to 2.2.22 without losing configs

apt-mark hold

This will hold back a package even in an OS upgrade. So I am left with Ubuntu 14.04, running Apache 2.2.22. Turns out I have to update it anyway, but this made my life easier to hit the EOL deadline, while I work on successfully updating apache.


UEFI machine doesn't boot Ubuntu through NVRAM bootcatalog. How to fix?

The short answer

You can create a bootx64.efi binary from within the Ubuntu live media with grub-mkimage and write a custom grub.cfg to chainload the loaders you wan't to boot and copy both files to the EFI System Partition (ESP) into the directory \EFI\BOOT\.

If you don't know your way around in the terminal, the script available in the following section of this answer will do this for you. For more details have a look at the Technical details section in The longer answer.

Scripted for your convenience

Regarding this script:

Be warned that this script installs the grub-efi-amd64 package where it runs and therefore will break legacy MBR installs. Probably only run it from live media if possible.
Preferably you already know the device name of your ESP.
You just paste the code below into an open terminal Ctrl+Alt+t and run it Enter.
You can cancel scripts and programs in terminal with Crtl+c.
Files on the drive that the live media has been booted from are accessable through /isodevice. GUI: Computer ➜ isodevice in Nautilus/File Manager.

echo -en "\ec"; \
if [ -e "/boot/efi/EFI" ] && [ $(mount | grep -c "/boot/efi type vfat") -gt 0 ]; then \
    esp=$(mount | grep "/boot/efi type vfat" | sed -e 's/ on.*//'); \
    echo "The following device appears to be mounted as an EFI System Partition: $esp"; \
    read -p "Is that correct \"yes\" or \"no\"? Note, that answering \"no\" will unmount $esp! " correctesp; \
    if [ "$correctesp" == "no" ]; then \
        sudo umount "$esp"; \
    elif [ "x$correctesp" != "xyes" ]; then \
        echo "Invalid input, refusing to do anything."; \
    fi; \
fi; \
if ! [ -e "/boot/efi/EFI" ] && ! [ $(mount | grep -c "/boot/efi type vfat") -gt 0 ]; then \
    echo "Possible EFI System Partitions (ESP) found, but none appear to be mounted:"; \
    sudo blkid -t TYPE="vfat"; \
    read -p "Please enter the device name of your ESP (/dev/sd[a-z][1-9]): " esp; \
    sudo mkdir -p "/boot/efi"; \
    if [ "$(echo $esp | cut -c 1-5)" == "/dev/" ]; then \
        sudo mount "$esp" "/boot/efi"; \
    else \
        echo "Invalid input, refusing to do anything."; \
    fi; \
    sudo mkdir -p "/boot/efi/EFI"; \
    correctesp="yes"; \
fi; \
if [ -e "/boot/efi/EFI" ] && [ $(mount | grep -c "/boot/efi type vfat") -gt 0 ] && [ "$correctesp" == "yes" ]; then \
    project="$HOME/uefi-bootfix"; \
    mkdir -p "$project"; \
    echo "--- Begin installing grub-efi-amd64 package (could throw some dpkg errors) ---"; \
    sudo apt-get install -y grub-efi-amd64; \
    echo "--- End of installing grub-efi-amd64 ---"; \
    echo "--- Installing GRUB EFI image and configuration to ESP ---"; \
    grub-mkimage -o "$project/bootx64.efi" -p "/efi/boot" -O x86_64-efi fat iso9660 part_gpt part_msdos normal boot linux configfile loopback chain efifwsetup efi_gop efi_uga ls search search_label search_fs_uuid search_fs_file exfat ext2 ntfs btrfs hfsplus udf; \
    echo -e "set timeout=3\nmenuentry 'Ubuntu' {\n\tchainloader /efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi\n}\nmenuentry 'Windows' {\n\tchainloader /efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi\n}\nmenuentry 'Firmware Setup' {\n\tfwsetup\n}\nmenuentry 'ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso' {\n\tset isofile="/efi/boot/ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso"\n\tloopback loop $isofile\n\tlinux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile noprompt noeject quiet splash\n\tinitrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz\n}" > "$project/grub.cfg"; \
    sudo mkdir -p "/boot/efi/EFI/boot"; \
    if [ -e "/boot/efi/EFI/boot/bootx64.efi" ]; then \
        sudo cp -v "/boot/efi/EFI/boot/bootx64.efi" "/boot/efi/EFI/boot/bootx64_uefi-bootfix-backup-$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S).efi"; \
    fi; \
    sudo cp -v "$project/bootx64.efi" "/boot/efi/EFI/boot/bootx64.efi"; \
    sudo cp -v "$project/grub.cfg" "/boot/efi/EFI/boot/grub.cfg"; \
    echo "--- Done. ---"; \
fi

The longer answer

The problem

The UEFI specification recommends firmware implementers to boot via a default bootloader named \EFI\BOOT\BOOT{arch}.EFI for booting from external media, e.g. where relying on NVRAM entries in the platform – the computers' mainboard – to boot a particular operating system is not possible. Currently defined values for arch are x64 for AMD64, ia32 for i386 and ARM orA64 for ARM.

Windows and Fedora install such a bootloader on the ESP, while Ubuntu currently does not. The firmware in some computers – like budget-priced laptops – shows a behaviour where these devices seem to completly ignore correctly registered UEFI bootloaders in the NVRAM bootcatalog and default to booting from \EFI\BOOT\BOOT{arch}.EFI, which will usually result in booting Windows instead of Ubuntu.

Technical details

This configuration currently doesn't support Secure Boot and also hasn't been tested for Apple computers, as I don't own such a machine. (Help is much appreciated.)

If it hasn't been clear until now: This will also allow booting the OS installations on the disk in another UEFI-capable computer, similar to how it has been with legacy MBR.

Generating the bootx64.efi image with GRUB

grub-mkimage -o bootx64.efi -p /efi/boot -O x86_64-efi fat iso9660 part_gpt part_msdos normal boot linux configfile loopback chain efifwsetup efi_gop efi_uga ls search search_label search_fs_uuid search_fs_file exfat ext2 ntfs btrfs hfsplus udf

Creating a corresponding grub.cfg file

This configuration covers the basic cases of booting Ubuntu, booting Windows and launching the firmware setup. The last entry allows for loop mounting and booting an ISO image, which might look odd at first because the ESP usually is only a few hundred megabytes large and can't store such big files, but both files also work on FAT formatted USB drives. A multiboot USB drive with several ISOs is just a few edits away. Also you could easily replace ubuntu with fedora to create another menu entry that boots Fedora or any other Linux distribution, just have a look at the contents of your ESP.

set timeout=3
menuentry 'Ubuntu' {
    chainloader /efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
}
menuentry 'Windows' {
    chainloader /efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}
menuentry 'Firmware Setup' {
    fwsetup
}
menuentry 'ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso' {
    set isofile="/efi/boot/ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso"
    loopback loop $isofile
    linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile noprompt noeject quiet splash
    initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
}

Appendix

What about gummiboot and PreLoader?

I have posted something like that in the past and there is nothing wrong with that as far as I can see. It even works with Secure Boot. Good if it worked for you, but the user experience including downloading, creating and extracting several files manually isn't quite optimal and rather difficult for the average user.

Example output

Example output of running the script from live media:

Possible EFI System Partitions (ESP) found, but none appear to be mounted:
/dev/sda1: LABEL="ESP W8" UUID="8AEF-2F66" TYPE="vfat"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="ESP HDD" UUID="CBB5-B769" TYPE="vfat"
/dev/sdc1: LABEL="ESP EVO" UUID="288D-5954" TYPE="vfat"
/dev/sdd1: LABEL="SANDISK" UUID="B67A-5BFF" TYPE="vfat"
Please enter the device name of your ESP (/dev/sd[a-z][1-9]): /dev/sdb1
--- Begin installing grub-efi-amd64 package (could throw some dpkg errors) ---
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  efibootmgr grub-efi-amd64-bin
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  grub-gfxpayload-lists grub-pc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  efibootmgr grub-efi-amd64 grub-efi-amd64-bin
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/722 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2,399 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 169555 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing grub-gfxpayload-lists (0.6) ...
Removing grub-pc (2.02~beta2-9ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package efibootmgr.
(Reading database ... 169536 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../efibootmgr_0.5.4-7ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking efibootmgr (0.5.4-7ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package grub-efi-amd64-bin.
Preparing to unpack .../grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.02~beta2-9ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking grub-efi-amd64-bin (2.02~beta2-9ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package grub-efi-amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../grub-efi-amd64_2.02~beta2-9ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking grub-efi-amd64 (2.02~beta2-9ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ...
Setting up efibootmgr (0.5.4-7ubuntu1) ...
Setting up grub-efi-amd64-bin (2.02~beta2-9ubuntu1) ...
Setting up grub-efi-amd64 (2.02~beta2-9ubuntu1) ...
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
grub-install: error: failed to get canonical path of `/cow'.
dpkg: error processing package grub-efi-amd64 (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 grub-efi-amd64
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
--- End of installing grub-efi-amd64 ---
--- Installing GRUB EFI image and configuration to ESP ---
‘/boot/efi/EFI/boot/bootx64.efi’ -> ‘/boot/efi/EFI/boot/bootx64_uefi-bootfix-backup-2014-11-13_22-39-42.efi’
‘/home/ubuntu/uefi-bootfix/bootx64.efi’ -> ‘/boot/efi/EFI/boot/bootx64.efi’
‘/home/ubuntu/uefi-bootfix/grub.cfg’ -> ‘/boot/efi/EFI/boot/grub.cfg’
--- Done. ---


You can use apt-offline:

Apt-offline

You can download the update from other computer an apply it in your servers computer.


Is it possible to remove my default gateway from /etc/resolv.conf after successful VPN connection?

This is a well known bug of NetworkManager, specifically it is #1211110. It goes back to Ubuntu 13.04 up to 16.04 and to a worse extent to Ubuntu 16.10.

  It seems that I do not have DNS leak issue with my current configuration.

Then consider yourself pretty lucky. :) Most users (including myself) experienced severe DNS leaks and tried different approaches to solve them.

Here are some approaches suggested in the bug report (summarized):

Comment #22 by Mac Bassett

  Make a backup copy of this NetworkManager file:

sudo cp /usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-openvpn-service-openvpn-helper /usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-openvpn-service-openvpn-helper.orig

  Add the following 3 lines to the file.

#!/bin/bash
/etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf $@
/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-openvpn-service-openvpn-helper.orig $@

  Then:

sudo chmod +x /usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-openvpn-service-openvpn-helper

  Caveat: you need to run the following command after disconnecting the VPN.

sudo script_type=down dev=tun0 /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf

Comments #27 and #29 by myself

  Edit your VPN connection (via NM) and set up static DNS, for example using Google servers:

8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4

  This way, the DNS request is sent through an external IP, hence it is routed using the VPN.

  Then also set up your wireless connection to use those static DNS servers.

Comment #31 by DaveHenson

  Run openvpn through the command line.

(... some other cumbersome solutions that I won't discuss here ...)

Comment #81 by Çağatay Yüksel

  Remove this configuration file:

sudo rm -rf /etc/resolv.conf

  Add this line to the [main] section of /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf:

dns=dnsmasq

  If you have the dnsmasq package installed, you should make sure the dnsmasq service is not enabled otherwise this will not work. You should also reboot.

The real solution

This bug has been fixed in Ubuntu 17.04. Rather than trying random patches on your system, it is probably a better idea to simply upgrade. :)


Pdfchain doesn't start, crashed with segfault

I will first try purge pdfchain:

sudo apt-get purge pdfchain

And check. If this doesnt work try to reinstall it with and purge config too:

sudo apt-get remove pdfchain
sudo apt-get purge pdfchain

Then install it :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pdfchain-team/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pdfchain

Tell me if it works. If not you may try to debug the pdgchain with gdb for example.


How I can change the reply-to address in Evolution?

If you want to change the reply-to setting on your mail account then do this.

In Evolution goto Edit -> Preferences.

In the Mail Accounts page select the account you want it changed and hit the Edit button.

On the Identity tab set the email address you want to set as your reply address in the Reply-To input field.

Hit Ok.


It sounds like your Ubuntu boot media is not set up correctly, and even though your computer is trying to boot from the disc it can't. If you have a Windows computer on hand, I would grab a fresh copy of the Ubuntu 14.04.1 Desktop .iso from the website and then install Linux Live USB Creator to create a bootable Ubuntu thumb drive. Alternatively, you can just burn the new .iso file to a DVD, but I like Linux Live USB Creator because it verifies the integrity of the disc image for you. If you do choose to burn the new disc image to a DVD, make sure you check the hash and compare it to the list here.

Another minor note would be to grab the 64-bit .iso because your computer is capable of running it.


Canon irADV-C3525i is not printing though drivers are installed

when I look on the Canon site, they recommend their UFR driver; that was released 8th Feb 2018 as the right driver. http://support-asia.canon-asia.com/contents/ASIA/EN/0100924010.html and it comes down as linux-UFRII-drv-v350-uken.tar.gz
 so to install the commands would be

cd Downloads
tar -zxvf linux-UFRII-drv-v350-uken.tar.gz
cd linux-UFRII-drv-v350-uken
sudo ./install.sh

sounds like your are happy with the other driver but I thought to mention what Canon would recommend


I would boot from a System Rescue CD (http://www.sysresccd.org) and mount your filesystem, chroot into it and then change the password.

This is done like so:

Either run fdisk -l or blkid to identify which disk and partition is your root filesystem. I will assume it is /dev/sda5.
Mount it with mount /dev/sda5 /mnt. Sometimes it might be necessary to specify which filesystem is used, for example mount -t ext4 /dev/sda5 /mnt.
Then chroot into it, chroot /mnt. This is done so that the commands that follow is issued from within the filesystem root of your on-disk installation.
Change the password with passwd chastain or any other user.

Note that there are many ways in which this procedure can go wrong. Refer to the excellent documentation at http://www.sysresccd.org/Online-Manual-EN for how to handle LVM, etc.


How can I encode wav to mp3 in dolphin from contextmenu on Xubuntu?

You can install the KDE service menus manually on Xubuntu:

download kde-services  to /tmp
install:

cd /tmp

tar xf kde-services*.tar.bz2

cd kde-services-1.9

make

sudo make install

This will add

  multimedia tools: [extract|convert] audio track

to folders in dolphin that are containing media files


Ubuntu 16.04 Live USB Install wants to format other hard drives

The installer does reformat the swap partition; but then it resets the uuid back to the original uuid, which is why you don't notice a problem later.

The message that the installer gives you, however, does not mention that the uuid is preserved. I filed a bug on this a while back.

Systemd automatically mounts all of the swap drives that it finds.


Simply said. No.
Have a look at this site https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices.
Currently the only supported devices are:

Galaxy Nexus
Nexus 4
Nexus 7
Nexus 10


I had a similar problem with my Dell G3 when getting it to dual boot kubuntu 18.04.

Check your BIOS setup and see how your SATA controller is set up. Mine was set to RAID and apparently ubuntu doesn't like that.

I followed the article below to switch my SATA controller from RAID to AHCI and after that the kubuntu installer could detect the SSD. I did not have to reinstall windows 10 but could now install kubuntu next to it.

http://triplescomputers.com/blog/uncategorized/solution-switch-windows-10-from-raidide-to-ahci-operation/

I'm far from a linux guru so YMMV but that fixed my problem and it sounds a lot like your problem :)


How do I upgrade from x86 to x64 without losing settings?

You can just perform an x86-64 install over the top of your existing i386 install.  There's no need to reformat or repartition - the Ubuntu installer has supported keeping the contents of /home and (most of) /etc (and other data directories) for a couple of releases now.

That will get you most of the way there; you'll keep all your configuration, but you won't have the same software installed.

To do that, the guide from this answer should work:

Before installing the x86-64 version, dump a list of your currently installed packages by running dpkg --get-selections > ~/installed-software in a terminal.
After installing, restore the list of installed packages by running sudo dpkg --set-selections < ~/installed-software followed by sudo apt-get -f install.  There will probably be some packages that can't be installed, as there are some i386 packages without x86-64 counterparts - libc6-686, the 686-optimised libc is the common example.


I found a possible solution, I reactivated Ondrej's PPA and was able to install PHP 7.4.5 (the latest). I dont know why I still do not see the PHp 7.4 from the official repository


Getting back Ubuntu's default boot splash

If you want to quickly change it back, sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth will give you a list of screens you can choose from.


You can append input strings to an array with a loop.

#!/bin/bash

array=()
while true; do
    read -rp "vi: " input
    [[ -z $input ]] && break || array+=("$input")
done

echo "${array[@]}"


After login to phpmyadmin(ubuntu15.04), no 'phpmyadmin' option in the list

Remove the entry

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['hide_db'] = 'phpmyadmin';

in /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php via

sudo sed -i '/hide_db.*=.*phpmyadmin/d' /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php

Restart your http server.


Check for solution on this link

Alternatively you can edit xstartup file located in your home folder by running sudo vi .vnc/xstartup from the terminal.

#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:

unset SESSION_MANAGER
#exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

gnome-session --session=gnome-classic &
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources

xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &

#x-terminal-emulator -geometry 1280x1024+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &


According to this page https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MountWindowsSharesPermanently

It seems smbfs is deprecated and you should use cifs instead.
try :

sudo apt-get install cifs-utils


Will Ubuntu 18.04 LTS still support Upstart or do we have to change to systemd?

Since Ubuntu 17.10 Ubuntu has dropped support for the Upstart init daemon in the default Ubuntu repositories. The latest version at http://upstart.ubuntu.com/, Upstart 1.13.2, was released on September 4, 2014.


How to hide/remove the clock from the menu bar of Ubuntu 20.04?

I am also working on ubuntu 20.04.
Please install gnome-tweaks: sudo apt install gnome-tweaks gnome-tweak-tool. After that open the application gnome-tweaks and choose top bar from the left list, then you can customize your head bar.
This gives you opportunity to customize your date and weekday, but if you wants to remove the clock totally you would need to install further extensions, see if https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1110/hide-clock/ helps.


How to install Qt-Creator 2.5.2 in Ubuntu?

It is possible to install qtcreator version 2.5.2-0ubuntu1 from Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal) which is EOL (will not get security updates for its packages).
But it will not work because of version problems of corresponding qt4-qmake.

So I'll suggest to use modern Qt Creator from your Ubuntu version to build Qt projects.
To setup it for Qt4 your need to install the needed packages:

sudo apt-get install qtcreator qt4-qmake qt4-default qt4-qmlviewer

For Qt5 you need also install the following package:

sudo apt-get install qt5-default


Periodic tick / click /crack sound from Logitech QuickCam Pro 5000 USB webcam

Apparently this is a firmware bug (see the bug report). Buying a new webcam seems the only solution.


Cloned mac address not working with kernel 4.13.0-38-generic #43~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP

I found out that the issue can be solved by not using the Ubuntu default network manager. Just adding the interface in /etc/network/interfaces solves the issue:

#auto lo
#iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
hwaddress ether aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff


Chrome browser has started core dumping on Ubuntu 14.04

Before you start Chrome again, delete the following directories:

~/.config/google-chrome
~/.cache/google-chrome

This will reset Chrome to its default settings and delete any file that may be corrupted and cause this issue.


Unable to adjust display brightness in Ubuntu 18.04

I'm having the same problem with the same laptop. I tried 20.04, 20.10, but none of them works. Also the USB-C and hdmi doesn't work either.


Using curl with filename containing a dynamic date

The way I would normally specify the date in a cron job is not to have quotes around the whole name and to use backticks around the date command, so:

50 00 * * * curl -T ~/Desktop/logs/log`date +'\%m\%d\%y'` -u user:pass ftp://example.com/logs/

Although I would expect the $(date ...) syntax to work aswell.

(Oh and I'm assuming the ampersand before the y in the second cron job is a typo in the question - but if it's also in your cron job that will be a problem.)


How do i generate a certificate to sign pdf electronically?

There are three basic stages to obtaining a certificate.

You can get a certificate from a certification authority. No matter if you choose a governmental institution or a private company it is common to be charged for this service, for example when they certify your identity. Few other authorities issue certificates free of costs, like the Open Source Project "CAcert" which is based on the well-known and reliable Web of Trust model and is of growing popularity.
If you are using Solaris or Linux, you must install a recent version of Thunderbird or Firefox to install some system files that are needed for encryption.
Sign the macros inside a document. Normally, macros are part of a document. If you sign a document, the macros inside the document are signed automatically.

Reference


Accessing WP8.1 Lumia 930 phone in 14.10

I have the same problem. For my old Lumia 920 I could use gMTP or mtp-sendfile to transfer mp3 files to the phone. This does not work with the 930.

According to this thread it has to do with the device id not being recognized by the libmtp library. Until this is fixed, I use the "Music Drop" app to transfer music.


How to change the default terminal directory?

By adding cd /tmp to your .bashrc, bash will go to /tmp directly after you open a Terminal.


lpr command is not printing A5 correctly

I managed to fix this issue.
The problem was with the wrong printer driver.
I installed recommended printer driver provided by ubuntu but this did not work .

Installing the exact printer driver and the a5 was printed correctly .

Hope this helps someone. Cheers


How to change the LightDM theme/greeter?

Just edit the greeter-session option in /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf to the desired greeter.

If you for example want to use the lightdm-gtk-greeter.

Open up '/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf' with any editor as root. For examplesudo vim /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf then change the line

greeter-session=unity-greeter

to

greeter-session=lightdm-gtk-greeter

If the file does not exist, let it contain

[SeatDefaults]
greeter-session=lightdm-gtk-greeter

Then all you have to do is make sure that the greeter is installed (e.g. the package lightdm-gtk-greeter) and then restart lightdm.


If you use Wayland desktop architecture, then desktop sharing is not implemented yet. It will be using pipewire in the future. Have you tried logging in with x server x11?


Skype animation not working on my ubuntu machine

From Skype, choose Options->Chat and select "Show animated emoticons".

Then click apply.


Delete Ubuntu 18.04 with dual boot with linux mint on SSD

if you want to delete or concatenate a partition, you can use gparted.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install gparted
sudo gparted

to remove ubuntu entry from grub bootloader( if installed ), run

sudo update-grub


What package is meant to replace thinkfinger in 11.10?

I think you have the same fingerprint reader as me. My Googling turned up this: https://launchpad.net/~fingerprint/+archive/fingerprint-gui It works flawlessly for me.


Unable to install Deepin Desktop on Ubuntu 17.04

I don't think that Deepin desktop is supported on ubuntu 17.04, and that you can install it. I would wait for the developers sort it out. In fact, when executing the commands on a brand new clean install I get the error:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 dde : Depends: dde-control-center (> 2.90.5) but it is not going to be            installed
   Depends: dde-daemon but it is not going to be installed
   Depends: deepin-metacity but it is not going to be installed
   Depends: startdde but it is not going to be installed
   Depends: dde-session-ui but it is not going to be installed
   Recommends: dde-trash-plguin but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.


Adding Debian Sid as Package Repository?

You're mixing two different distributions' packages together. For various reasons, this is a bad idea:

Security.
Stability.
Conflicting updates, which you have right now.
If you let above updates go through, you encounter the first two problems, and then you're in deep trouble if say, as an example a kernel update comes through!

Also, this makes getting an accurate bug report or stacktrace almost impossible, if not entirely impossible.

In short, if you need Debian sid, run sid. Otherwise, run Ubuntu, and just add newer software you want to via a PPA or backports.

More explanations here:

How is Ubuntu different from Debian?
How is Ubuntu more updated than Debian?


How to enable right click button for mousepad on Dell inspiron 13 with Ubuntu 18.04?

Step 1: Install the gnome-tweak-tool

sudo apt update
sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Step 2: Open the  "gnome-tweak-tool"  by writing "gnome-tweak-tool" or simply "tweaks" in the Activities menu and navigate to the tab "Keyboard and Mouse".
 There go to the tab "Mouse Click Emulation" and choose one of the options "Fingers" or "Area".

Probably you want the "Area" option


I can't take credit for the fix. But this broke on me today. <3-3-17>

Found the answer here:

http://askubuntu.com/questions/464388/no-sound-from-laptop-speakers-in-ubuntu-14-04-after-booting-into-windows-8-1

  Blockquote: It finally worked by adding the below line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf file "options snd-hda-intel model=auto"


Those users are users created for OSSEC and you should not change them. They are disabled because you need not see them and need not use them. Very simple: this software locks down these users so a normal user can not mess with them. If someone knows your admin password and gets access you are in deep problems anyeways and a normal user can not change these users settings. So the integrity of the checks OSSEC wants to perform can be sort of guaranteed.

The makefile has a lot of settings that include the users you mention and a couple of groups. Default is:

User settings:
OSSEC_GROUP:     ossec
OSSEC_USER:      ossec
OSSEC_USER_MAIL: ossecm
OSSEC_USER_REM:  ossecr

If you look at the daemon it explains parts of the users:

  ossec-agentd

  ossec-agentd is the client side daemon that communicates
  with the server. It runs as ossec and is chrooted to /var/ossec by
  default.

Main point here is "chrooted": to prevent someone messing with the ossec user and being able to circumvent the checks OSSEC wants to perform it is disabled by default.

Same applies for ossecm:

  ossec-maild

  The ossec-maild daemon sends OSSEC alerts via email. ossec-maild is started by ossec-control. Configuration for ossec-maild is handled in the ossec.conf. (see ossec.conf: Global options)

The default user used for the mail checks is ossecm.

Same applies for ossecr:

  ossec-remoted

  ossec-remoted is the server side daemon that communicates with the agents. It can listen to port 1514/udp (for OSSEC communications) and/or 514 (for syslog). It runs as ossecr and is chrooted to /var/ossec by default. ossec-remoted is configured in the  section of ossec.conf. (see ossec.conf: Remote Options)

Their documentation is pretty decent. Have a look at the manual, FAQ and user cookbooks.

In general: I would take software to scan for root kits and intrusion detection as is. These pieces of software should have the security tied down as much as possible.


When I create files using  command, files are now all locked. What changed?

Handuel's answer is right. If you created the files using sudo, they belong to the root user and you don't have privileges as yourself to edit them. You can check this is the case by listing the directory's contents with ls -l.

If you want to be able to modify them as yourself (your user) you should change their ownership with sudo chown youruser:yourgroup <file> (eg sudo chown matt:matt test.txt). Changing their permissions would also work (sudo chmod 777 test.txt makes it universally editable, which isn't advised, but is useful to know) but changing ownership is preferable. If you prefer the GUI, you can change ownership/permissions graphically with sudo -H nautilus and then right-clicking the relevant files to access their properties.

A lot of problems are commonly encountered when using sudo where it doesn't need to be used, like not being able to log in, or programs not starting right, so use sparingly.


The instructions you used are ancient, your incomplete step is likely irrelevant now. I don't see anything else wrong with the process. I'm thinking grub wasn't properly installed. What you'll need to do is boot into a live environment and install grub. This guide has the relevant info:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows

For reference, the command you need to run is:

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media/0d104aff-ec8c-44c8-b811-92b993823444 /dev/sda

You just need to replace the long 0d104* string and sda with the UUID and /dev name (respectively) for your system. You can find the info by matching the name in /media with the output of df.


How do I switch back to lightdm after upgrading to Gnome 3.4?

You need to install unity-greeter and configure lightdm to use it.  You are running the gtk greeter now for some reason.  When lightdm is mis-configured it enters "low graphics" mode.  You can confirm the reason by looking at /var/log/lightdm.log

Make sure unity-greeter is installed.  You can easily do this by just reinstalling it with apt sudo apt-get install unity-greeter.

Edit lightdm.conf, it should look like this (below), the key line being "greeter-session=unity-greeter"

[SeatDefaults]
user-session=ubuntu
greeter-session=unity-greeter
allow-guest=false

After you do that, start lightdm from a virtual terminal.  sudo initctl start lightdm.  I'm not sure if lightdm is "running" when in low-graphics mode, if so, stop it first with sudo initctl stop lightdm.

Note: You do NOT need to uninstall the lightdm-gtk-greeter, just leave it for a backup or once everything is working, then you can remove it if you want.


FINALLY. I can confirm that since two years I finally fixed my wifi problem. The solution was actually super easy and near to me: I had to change REGDOMAIN in crda (I had there different country code):

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/crda
REGDOMAIN=<YOUR COUNTRY CODE>
reboot (mandatory!!)

You can take your country code from here.

To sum up, I'm using bcmwl-kernel-source wl driver for my Broadcom BCM4352 card. (good info/tutorial about it is here). I still receive sometimes those errors and have few small timeouts for ~1 second (no disconnects!), but I think it's natural and it doesn't bother me compared to what I had before...


How to control cursor in xfce4 LXTerminal?

As noted in my edit above, the machine boots to /bin/sh - dash.  To assign existing users to bash or set bash for new users see How do you change the default shell for ALL USERS to bash?


Is there any dictionary on Ubuntu that comes with built in pronunciation?

Goldendict is the most customizable dictionary on Ubuntu. It supports audio output for pronunciations, but you will have to supply it with a dictionary that includes these audio samples. I don't know of any free ones that have this functionality and I don't have enough free time on my hands to search for one right now).

You might find some more information on the GoldenDict forums.


How to install package with dependent libraries into separate directory

Add it your path!

Change to your home directory.

cd $HOME

Open the .bashrc file.
Add the following line to the file.  The path should be to the directory containing your libc.so.6 dependencies.

export PATH=/path/to/dir:$PATH

Save the file and exit.


How will this terminal command affect my partitions?

I would recommend using GParted since you will have a visual cue of what is going on. In GParted, you will have list of partitions on a particular disk. You can make your preferred changes to a disk or partition and apply those changes when done.

I read your other question and it seems there might be a problem with the bootable USB you created. If you have access to another computer, try recreating the bootable USB (using a new iso if possible).


problem with grub ( blackscreen with flashing white line)

I suggest you to recover your grub installation with a live cd?

my source is https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Grub2#Recover

but i personally tried it works

This method of installation uses the chroot command to gain access to the broken system's files. Once the chroot command is issued, the LiveCD treats the broken system's / as its own. Commands run in a chroot environment will affect the broken systems filesystems and not those of the LiveCD.

1) Boot to the LiveCD Desktop (Ubuntu 9.10 or later). Please note that the Live CD must be the same as the system you are fixing - either 32-bit or 64-bit (if not then the chroot will fail).

2) Open a terminal - Applications, Accessories, Terminal.

3) Determine your normal system partition - (the switch is a lowercase "L")

sudo fdisk -l

If you aren't sure, run

df -Th

Look for the correct disk size and ext3 or ext4 format.

4) Mount your normal system partition: Substitute the correct partition: sda1, sdb5, etc.

sudo mount /dev/sdXX /mnt

# Example: sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

5) Only if you have a separate boot partition: sdYY is the /boot partition designation (for example sdb3)

sudo mount /dev/sdYY /mnt/boot

6) Mount the critical virtual filesystems:

sudo mount --bind /dev  /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /dev/pts  /mnt/dev/pts
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys  /mnt/sys

7) Chroot into your normal system device:

sudo chroot /mnt

8) If there is no /boot/grub/grub.cfg or it's not correct, create one using

update-grub

9) Reinstall GRUB 2:

Substitute the correct device - sda, sdb, etc. Do not specify a partition number.

grub-install /dev/sdX

10) Verify the install (use the correct device, for example sda. Do not specify a partition):

sudo grub-install --recheck /dev/sdX

11) Exit chroot: CTRL-D on keyboard

12) Unmount virtual filesystems:

sudo umount /mnt/dev/pts
sudo umount /mnt/dev
sudo umount /mnt/proc
sudo umount /mnt/sys

13) If you mounted a separate /boot partition:

sudo umount /mnt/boot

14) Unmount the LiveCD's /usr directory:

sudo umount /mnt/usr

15) Unmount last device:

sudo umount /mnt

16) Reboot.

sudo reboot

hope it will work


In general your setup will be like this:

Windows. C: formatted as NTFS as your primairy disk for the OS. Fast boot needs to be disabled or you can loose data on your NTFS disk when you change it from outside Windows since it will boot from a hibernation file that does not have the alterations. Regarding fast boot: Why disable Fast Boot on Windows 8 when having dual booting?
Windows. D: formatted as NTFS
Ubuntu. Formatted as ext4.

Ubuntu will mount D: automatically. It will set it up as a root owned disk so to access it you need sudo permissions. If this is a dedicated disk for a single user you can change the ownership of that disk (or partition in Ubuntu) using the chown command (chown $USER:$USER /media/{partition}).


Can I choose desktop (vs server) build, for server hardware?

if it's a server then I would install the server version and then install a desktop like ubuntu-desktop. Because you get the server kernels that you want and you get a GUI which is nice and easy.

Install the desktop by typing in the command line, sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop, or whatever GUI you want.


Show presenter notes in LibreOffice Impress without a second monitor

Select View / Notes from the menu.

It shows a format with the slide at the top of the page and the notes below it. Not beautiful but OK for practice on a single screen.


2880bps is not a valid speed on most serial chips.

Common speeds are 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 and 115200bps. I would suggest using the highest speed at which you get a stable connection. Typically 115.2kbps is fine over short cables. If you want longer cables, you should investigate RS-485, which can pull high speeds over long distances by using differential signalling.