After looking around I found this link: http://www.gnuplot.info/docs_4.2/gnuplot.html#x1-6900018

Which has the following info:

18 Start-up

  When gnuplot is run, it looks for an initialization file to load. This
  file is called .gnuplot on Unix and AmigaOS systems, and GNUPLOT.INI
  on other systems. If this file is not found in the current directory,
  the program will look for it in the HOME directory (under AmigaOS,
  Atari(single)TOS, MS-DOS, Windows and OS/2, the environment variable
  GNUPLOT should contain the name of this directory; on Windows NT, it
  will use USERPROFILE if GNUPLOT isn’t defined). Note: if NOCWDRC is
  defined during the installation, gnuplot will not read from the
  current directory.

  If the initialization file is found, gnuplot executes the commands in
  it. These may be any legal gnuplot commands, but typically they are
  limited to setting the terminal and defining frequently-used functions
  or variables.

which means that it reads into your home directory if the file is not found BUT it also checks for the GNUPLOT variable which contains the name of this directory. So just jumping into a conclusion I have not tested since I do not have gnuplot but yo might like to try it you can do something like this in the terminal:

GNUPLOT = /home/user/gnuplot that way you set the GNUPLOT variable to that particular value. Before doing this I recommend to see what value GNUPLOT has before. type this: echo $GNUPLOT

the other is creating the file the program is looking for in the directory where the program is (gnuplot.ini) and if this file has some variable that tells it where to read, yo might like to try that other method.


Complete features of Ubuntu 12.04 on USB without installing it on Windows 7 laptop

First you have to download the iso image for a flavour of Ubuntu at your choice. I recommend Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS iso image. Next you need to burn the image to some DVD (it has 731MB in size so it won't fit on a regular CD). If you run windows 64bit, try to burn the image using a 32bit machine, ask some friend for help.

Next you can boot the Live DVD with Ubuntu, choose Try Ubuntu instead of Install Ubuntu from the boot menu. Once you are in the Live session, you need to setup your Internet connection, and then plugin your USB pendrive.

You can start ubuntu installer from the desktop icon present there. Choose the 3rd choice for installing Ubuntu when presented with 3 choices. The 3rd choice is Something else. You will be getting to the partition table for both your HDD and your USB pendrive. Select your USB pendrive from the drop down menu, delete all partition present on it, and create 2 new partitions, one for root formatted as Linux etx4 with foreslah / as startup-mount point which should be a large partition, and the other one up to 2 GB in size for linux swap.

You can now select your newly created root partition and press Next to begin installing Ubuntu. Very important, while still facing the partition table window, choose to install bootloader on your USB pendrive (select USB and not HDD from the drop-down menu for bootloader). This way you'll be sure your USB will be bootable, but you also have to change BIOS settings so you'll be able to boot from the USB or press the boot menu key when you startup your computer and choose USB for boot-up instead of HDD.


Using keyboard-shortcuts with convertible

The easiest way I could come up with was to create a shortcut on the sidebar, that would launch a script in Python which would send the required keystrokes that would trigger, in turn, the screenshotting function.

First, you would have to install the prerequisites: python3-pip - a Python package installer, and python3 itself if you don't have it installed already.
You can do that by executing the following line in the terminal:

sudo apt -y install python3 python3-pip

Next step would be to install the required package, pynput, which will send the keystrokes. This can be done by executing the following command in the terminal:

pip3 install pynput --user

Next, create a script named script.py which sends the required keystrokes in the home folder containing the following content:

from pynput.keyboard import Key, Controller

keyboard = Controller()

keyboard.press(Key.shift)
keyboard.press(Key.print_screen)
keyboard.release(Key.shift)
keyboard.release(Key.print_screen)

The last step would be to create a shortcut which can be later added to the dock for ease of access. This can be done by creating a file in the /usr/share/applications folder. For the sake of this example, I will name it shortcut.desktop (the extension here is important). Next, add the following lines to the file:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=true
Exec=python3 /home/username/script.py  # change username to match your username
Name=Shortcut
Comment=Shortcut

Now, when searching for Shortcut in the list of applications (The lowest button on the dock) you should find your shortcut which sends these keystrokes. You can also add it to your favourites.


Cannot deploy local charms after Juju upgrade

So, there's a workaround for this as its an undocumented change right now. There are new bits landing in the store portion of the code that have altered the behavior of "ambiguous urls"

the present workaround to make this work using your example would be:

juju deploy --repository=$HOME/charm local:precise/storm stormmaster


Try this, may be helpful...
http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/core/precise/universe/base/ekiga-dbg


Firefox opens clean window from application

Oke, so apparently I had multiple Firefox profiles.
And a clean profile was used when opening from the application.

In a terminal I did:

firefox -P

Removed the redundant profile and now it works as expected.


Kernel panic after updating Linux server 16.04.2

to remove the new kernel, boot up in the previous kernel.

then type sudo apt-get purge linux-image-4.4.0-83

or if you have aptitude, it gives you a text based interface for selecting packages. "_" is the key for purging packages. "g" to execute selections.


How to save data files after failing to boot Ubuntu 20.04 on a dual boot laptop?

Now it seems the only option is to reinstall Ubuntu from a bootable usb.

You also have these 2 options.

boot from a live session/usb.
use emergency mode from grub.

You need to mount your user disk after that and you can then navigate to your personal data.

I need to back them up

Sure but you already made one before you upgraded so use that one. Otherwise you can the live session usb (is easier than grub) to do that.

Also, when I try to install, the only options I get is to either erase ubuntu and reinstall or erase the disc and reinstall.

You always also get an option "something else" and you can there mount user disks without formatting.


In a Cybercafe - how to make the Ubuntu 13.10 to be auto deepfreeze?

AuFS can solve this problem for you. Here is an example of people merging the filesystem with a RAM disk so changes go away on reboot.

If you don't have much memory, you could do the same using a loopback file or partition to store the changes, and re-format the loopback file/partition once a day.


Can Unity and GNOME Shell apps run on LXDE?

There is no special reason why gnome-shell or unity applications should not run under LXDE or any other desktop environments.

The only exceptions are applications that make specific use of capabilities and functionality that is very specific to a particular desktop environment.

LXDE/Lubuntu applications you will find are often GTK+ based - thus the vast majority of GTK+ apps you see in blogs running in Unity/Gnome-shell should work for LXDE.

If you are a purist, you should look out for the dependencies that a particular application brings with it.  Some applications will have a dependency that would involve installing the majority of one desktop environment/stack.

To test what dependencies an application requires try a simulated install i.e.

sudo apt-get -s install [package-name]

Look at the sections:
The following extra packages will be installed:

and

The following NEW packages will be installed

If the list is particularly lengthy then perhaps you should consider an alternative - less bulky/dependent application.

Occasionally after installing an application, it does not appear in the menu.  For these applications have a look at the applications .desktop file in /usr/share/applications.  Some applications desktop file has an entry similar to OnlyShowIn=Unity.  I would remove this entry and it should (after logging out/logging in) appear in the menu again.


Rewriting logs received via syslog from another machine

The question is a bit vague but I'll try to propose a possible solution.
To rewrite messages rsyslog provides a number of modules one of which is mmfields.
It splits an incoming message at a certain character (just one character) into fields and
then allows to access these fields. For a message like

a=1 b=two c=3 d=four

the separator would be a blank  and the fields are then accessible as $!f2, $!f3, $!f4, and $!f5.
Unfortunately, the very first field ($!f1) is always empty because the message is preceeded by
a space and that would be the first field. Thus, for the above message we get $!f1=="",
$!f2=="a=1", $!f3=="b=two", $!f4=="c=3", and $!f5=="d=four".

rsyslog ships with other message modification modules as well but in lack of further
details I chose this one. Store the following file as /etc/rsyslog.d/10-so.conf.
Change the name according to the desired order of execution but keep the .conf extension.

# Load the "Message Modification" module "mmfields" to split
# incoming messages into fields at a certain separator:
module(load="mmfields")

# Format used for messages that are forwarded to another host.
# The fields are re-ordered and field #3 is omitted.
template(name="rewrite_forward" type="list") {
    constant(value="<")
    property(name="pri")
    constant(value=">")
    property(name="timestamp" dateFormat="rfc3339")
    constant(value=" ")
    property(name="hostname")
    constant(value=" ")
    property(name="syslogtag")
    constant(value=" ")
    property(name="$!f4")
    constant(value=" ")
    property(name="$!f2")
    constant(value=" ")
    property(name="$!f5")
}

# Format used for messages that are written to a local logfile.
# The format is almost the same as above, but lacks the priority,
# uses a different timestamp format, and ends with a "\n" as this
# is suitable for messages printed to a logfile.
template(name="rewrite_file" type="list") {
    property(name="timestamp")
    constant(value=" ")
    property(name="hostname")
    constant(value=" ")
    property(name="syslogtag")
    constant(value=" ")
    property(name="$!f4")
    constant(value=" ")
    property(name="$!f2")
    constant(value=" ")
    property(name="$!f5")
    constant(value="\n")
}

if ( $programname == "so" ) then {

    # split message into fields at (exactly) one space character.
    # The "fields" can then be referred to as "$!f1", "$!f2", ..., "$!fN".
    # Note that "$!f1" will always be an empty string because the message
    # usually starts with a blank and that is considered to be the first
    # field.
    action( type="mmfields"
            separator=" "
    )

    # If the second field is the string "b=2", then go ahead and log and
    # forward the message. Change the condition to your liking.
    if ($!f3 == "b=2") then {

        # write rewritten logmessage to local file
        action( type     = "omfile"
                file     = "/var/log/so-rewrite-fields.log"
                template = "rewrite_file"
        )

        # just for reference: write the unmodified message to the
        # very same logfile. Drop this for actual processing. It
        # serves just as a debugging aid.
        action( type = "omfile"
                file = "/var/log/so-rewrite-fields.log"
        )

        # forward rewritten message to another host
        action( type = "omfwd"
                target   = "127.0.0.1"  # change to actual destination
                port     = "514"        # change to actual destination
                protocol = "udp"        # change to actual destination
                template = "rewrite_forward"
        )

    }

    # no further processing:
    stop
}

Restart rsyslog (via sudo systemctl restart rsyslog.service) and try it out:

# A message that won't be logged because `$!f3 != "b=2"`:
logger -t so --id=$$ "a=1 b=3 txt=Hello number=$RANDOM"

# A message that will be logged because `$!f3 == "b=2"`:
logger -t so --id=$$ "a=1 b=2 txt=Hello number=$RANDOM"

The output of the second logger statement will be:

Mar 14 21:40:34 stratum9 so[3533]: txt=Hello a=1 number=6484        # rewritten msg
Mar 14 21:40:34 stratum9 so[3533]: a=1 b=2 txt=Hello number=6484    # original msg

To change the hostname, simply replace

constant(value=" ")
property(name="hostname")
constant(value=" ")

in the templates with

constant(value=" fromElsewhere ")

To change the syslogtag (what you called service), replace

    constant(value=" ")
    property(name="syslogtag")
    constant(value=" ")

with

constant(value=" otherService: ")

The output will then be:

Mar 14 22:05:51 fromElsewhere otherService: txt=Hello a=1 number=11763   # rewritten
Mar 14 22:05:51 stratum9 so[3533]: a=1 b=2 txt=Hello number=11763       # original

See here for further message properties.

Note that my approach (with mmfields) relies on the fields to always have the same order
and does not easily allow for rewriting messages like a=1 b=2 to b=1 a=2 (reorder and change
key-value-pairs). For that, another module might be more appropriate.


@Fabby suggested I put this as an answer, so here goes.

PenDriveLinux is pretty bad. A mod here is actually trying to contact Canonical and suggest an alternative be recommended on the Ubuntu website.

The alternative is called Rufus. It works much better than PDL/UUI, and is able to burn any ISO, not only Linux.

Every problem people have with USB installers has been solved by using Rufus instead.


The easiest way is to install via System Settings ---> Additional Drivers
(!!! I keep forgetting that I use MATE, which uses this interface... you can also reach this by opening the Software Updater and clicking on Settings)


After latest update, laptpop can't find network devices, can't connect to wifi

Are the respective drivers loaded?

lsmod | grep -e iwl -e r8169

If not, load them:

sudo modprobe iwlwifi
sudo modprobe r8169

Is the wifi blocked by the hardware switch?

rfkill list all

It appears that something has gone very wrong in the update. I suggest you reboot and get to the GRUB menu by interrupting the boot process with the SHIFT key: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2 Select Advanced options and boot into the previous kernel version, presumably 3.13.0-43-generic. When booted fully, open a terminal and remove 3.13.0-44-generic:

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.13.0-44-generic

Reboot and do:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade

Reboot, presumably to x-44, and see if both devices are now working.

Once I have more information, I will edit this answer to refine the solution.


server is a synonym for local

so your dnsmasq config would contain

listen-address=127.0.0.1
local=/dev/
domain=dev

then open /etc/hosts and add

10.254.20.4  www.mydomain.dev

save and restart dnsmasq


Mouse Cursor Freezes Randomly with Intel GMA 950

It happens to me sometimes too.

I just click something using the touchpad (not the mouse) at it returns to normal. I'd open a bug, but I can't replicate it, seems to be random. Likely it's related to some weird touchpad/mouse driver combination.


Invisible and not working icons on launcher bar / applications menu until I go look for them

It seems that the icons are invisible until you mount the extra disk where the applications are installed.
To make sure the disk automatically mounts at startup, open the Gnome Disks application.
Then, select drive, partition, the gear icon, "edit mount options", and then make sure "mount at system startup" is checked.
One user also mentioned to uncheck "Automatic mount options".
You can read more about automatically mounting the disk or partition on this related answer.


Solved it.

My computer is a Dell Inspiron 1520 and there is a bug in the kernel that affects those laptops. It tries to start an svideo adapter, which the laptop doesn't have.

This post has the solution: Boot very slow because of drm_kms_helper errors

The solution is to disable the svideo connector using grub at boot up.

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Add the kernel boot parameter: video=SVIDEO-1:d, so it will look like this: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash video=SVIDEO-1:d"

sudo update-grub
sudo reboot


How do I connect to a hidden WiFi network on Ubuntu 20.04

Open Wi-Fi Settings, click on the 3-dot menu, select Connect to Hidden Network...


Right click and middle button click swaped

Execute this, then configure from gnome-tweaks
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad click-method areas


The problem is with the nginx/stable ppa.

The ppa status page indicates it failed to build. That could explain why the ppa is not having binary packages, and therefore apt-get can't find suitable versions to install.

You could ask the ppa maintainers about the build failure.


Different behaviour of Nautilus in Unity Launcher and Gnome 3 shell

After some more googling with some different variations of my search terms I have found a "solution," or more likely, just a work around that may not work for everyone.  Editing copies of the desktop files from /usr/share/applications that I put in ~/.local/share/applications I changed the line

DBusActivatable=true

to

DBusActivatable=false

and now every thing works.  I must admit I don't completely understand what this does. Also, be warned I'm using an X11 session.  I'll try to test this under Wayland, but I suspect I'll have some different problems because I use gksudo to launch Synaptic and its ilk.


Export Rhythmbox ratings and play counts to ID3 tags

this may be little late, but check out this tool:
https://github.com/shatterhand19/RhythmboxPOPM

The read me file in the repository explains in detail how to use the tool.

I had tested it on my computer, Ubuntu 16.14 and it works perfectly. If any problems post in the Issues section in the git hub repo.

Hope this helps someone reading this :)


What do I do when "which python" doesn't show a location for python?

No, that's not safe or common at all.

Historically python refers to python2, not python3
Many python(2) scripts will break if run using the py3 interpreter
The reverse is also true: Many py3 scripts will break if run using the py2 interpreter.
There is no graceful failure - a script run using the wrong interpreter simply spits out a series of cryptic error and quits.

See PEP 394 for all the details on what the 'python' command should symlink to. Don't stop at the 8-year-old first paragraph, read the entire history section to see how the recommendations have changed over time.

Older releases of Ubuntu (16.04 and older) include both Python2 and Python3 with the default install. Changing python on these releases may break your system quite terribly.

Newer releases of Ubuntu (18.04 and newer) include only Python3 with the default install. However, Python2 is trivial to install (sudo apt install python2).

Python2 will reach End of Life during 2020, according to PEP 373. However, changing python afterward is still not recommended at present.


I found a very helpful article for installing Steam in Ubuntu here -> http://www.dedoimedo.com/games/steam-ubuntu-ringtail.html. Hope this helps.


Chromium downloads all PDF files initially instead of of opening them within the browser

You have two main options:

Install an extension. For example this one: Docs PDF/PowerPoint Viewer (by Google) which lets you view PDFs in Google Docs.
While chromium does not provide this, chrome does, so you can steal it from there. First, download the chrome .deb:

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

Or, if you are running a 32bit system:

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb

Now, extract libpdf.so from the file you downloaded. I don't use Unity but I believe you can do this using by right clicking the file and choosing Open With => File Roller or Archive Manager or similar. From the terminal you can do:

dpkg -x google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb ./ &&
cp ./opt/google/chrome/libpdf.so . && rm -rf etc opt usr

That will unpack the .deb, copy libpdf.so to the current directory and delete the unpacked data. You can now copy libpdf.so to /usr/lib/chromium-browser/:

sudo cp libpdf.so /usr/lib/chromium-browser/

Now restart your chromium and you should be able to view PDF files.


How do I install the open-source Radeon Vulkan driver?

You are asking for open source yet did the proprietary drivers give you Vulkan on your AMD GPU ?  I am away from my AMD box until new year ... https://support.amd.com/en-us/kb-articles/Pages/AMD-Radeon-GPU-PRO-Linux-Beta-Driver%E2%80%93Release-Notes.aspx

to install latest open source graphics drivers

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:paulo-miguel-dias/mesa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo reboot now

as per https://launchpad.net/~paulo-miguel-dias/+archive/ubuntu/mesa

then to verify

glxinfo
...
OpenGL Mesa 13.1.0-devel - padoka PPA


18.04 upgrade only boots to command-line screen

"startx" will indeed get you into the normal desktop environment from command-line purgatory.  Once in, from the link Helene gave me, the problem was easy to fix.  Apparently the upgrade process leaves display manager package "lightdm" in a broken state, and it has to be reinstalled (then selected in place of "gdm").  So it was just a matter of running "sudo apt-get install lightdm", once the system was up.  Now everything boots normally.


Ubuntu 14.10 transparent window title bar

Install and then open dconf, then goto org > compiz > gwd, edit ''metacity-theme-active-opacity'' and/or ''metacity-theme-inactive-opacity'' change value 1.0 to 0.9...done, works for me in ubuntu 14.10.


How to create guest account in Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS

You need to install the gdm-guest-session package. But in 10.04 there is no way to enter a guest session from the login screen; you can only enter it from within a regular session.

If you switch to 12.04 or 14.04, you'll get what you ask for.


It turns out that the question I mentioned in the comments regarding nautilus does work for nemo.  However, if you have already set the folder via this method, you need to undo that information.  If you're trying to change the icon for a_folder from /file_location/icon.svg to the set of icons all named a_folder_icon, for example, you can figure out the current icon info with the command

gvfs-info a_folder

This will output a bunch of data about this location, there will be a line with

metadata::custom-icon: file:///file_location/icon.svg

showing the icon metadata.  By entering the command

gvfs-set-attribute -t unset a_folder metadata::custom-icon /file_location/icon.svg

you can remove this metadata, and gvfs-info a_folder should no longer list the icon you set.  Now you can set the icon name with

gvfs-set-attribute a_folder metadata::custom-icon-name a_folder_icon

However, this does not seem to change the icon in the nemo sidebar, and it might be impossible to do so.


Reset User Password on Ubuntu Terminal in Windows 10 Environment

Open the command prompt, type either ubuntu config --default-user root or lxrun /setdefaultuser root. Hit Enter.

Next, open the Linux Bash shell and it will log you as root without asking a password. So you can then use the following command to reset your forgotten user password:

passwd user_name

When done, open the command prompt and run this command:

ubuntu config --default-user user_name

This will set your Linux Bash shell to run with your regular user.

Source: https://www.top-password.com/blog/forgot-linux-bash-password-in-windows-10/


How To Upgrade Wine from 1.2 to 1.5 in Maverick 10.10

Maverick is already EOL.

The Official Wine PPA offers Wine 1.3 for Maverick, 1.5 and 1.4 are for Oneiric and Precise Only, dependencies and all.

I suppose installing from source could be an option otherwise you'll have to upgrade.

http://www.winehq.org/docs/wineusr-guide/installing-wine-source/


Problems while upgrading from 11.10 to 12.04

Yes, the ubuntu version will be ok. But the obsolete files will still be there, and the restart step will be fine as you have just restarted. So you will be fine, and the obsolete files will not affect the system.


Please try the following steps-

Open the installation directory of Web Storm (dpkg --listfiles webstorm or which webstorm)
Find the executable (i.e., webstorm.sh)
Run as sudo sudo ./webstorm.sh
Update


Ubuntu 13.04 Firefox 20.0 and Yahoo Mail

I have same problem. Linux mint 14 Nadia, is just fine with yahoo mail, only in ubuntu 13.04. It is only yahoo for me, as gmail is fine. Fond a solution here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2139807&p=12623430. I opened synaptics and marked for full removal, but synaptics crashed. So I opened up in terminal and typed:

sudo apt-get remove unity-webapps-yahoomail

And everything works again! I do not know what the webaps does for me, I read that I could reinstall it and it would work, but for now, I will leave it uninstalled and enjoy my yahoo. mail! Thank you Jenks 141 for leading me to the solution!


How to upgrade kile2.1 beta 4 to kile-2.1.3 in ubuntu 11.04?

You can try sudo apt-get install kile--upgrade.  Why don't you upgrade Ubuntu to 12.04 or even 13?

If the above works, you wont need the tar ball.

To extract the file, you can also do tar tar jxf filename.tar.bz2

I don't know if the file is called kile from the terminal you may need to check that.


How do I tell what type of RAM I have in Ubuntu?

you can type the following commands in the terminal

sudo su

dmidecode --type 17

you will then see your RAM properties displayed... bingo!
Hope this helps you.


How do I reset and restore an Ubuntu without the password

Try re-installing Ubuntu
1: Bring a Flash drive of 8Gb or more
2: Download your own choice of Ubuntu ISO from "https://www.ubuntu.com/#download"
3: Make the drive bootable and Burn ISO in it.
4: reboot, go into Bios setup and Boot from USB
5: Follow the steps, and make your laptop brand New... :)


Android studio doesn't detect any connected android device

Configure the device to connect as MTP.
Enable USB debugging in your device's Developer options.
In a terminal type lsusb. You will get a USB devices list where each line looks like this:

Bus 002 Device 004: ID 17ef:1004 Lenovo Integrated Webcam

Notice the number right after ID.  In this case it's ID 17ef.  This number is the device's Vendor number, in this case Lenovo.
As root, create the file /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules. Open it with a text editor like gedit for example and add this line:

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="17ef", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"

Of course you must replace 17ef with the vendor number of your device (list).
Save the file and you're good to go. The first time Android Studio detects your device, it will send an SHA1 number to the device and you have to accept it for the connection to be made.  You can save this number to the device and from that moment on, it will recognize your computer automatically and won't ask you for a permission again.


ASUS M5A78L-M LX3 network drivers - Ubuntu 12.04

So I found a solution myself.

Download this
Install alx driver with:

make defconfig-alx
sudo make install


sed new lines with \n as part of the line text

As noted in the GNU Sed manual for the i\text command:

  Escape sequences in text are processed, so you should use \ in text
  to print a single backslash.

Hence to insert the literal sequence \n, you will need to use \\n


Oracle Database Express 11.2 job for oracle-xe.service failed

To resolve the issue, you should uninstall completely (uninstall instructions) and then reinstall following the next steps.

Instructions to install Oracle Database Express (install instruccions)

1) Download the Oracle 11gR2 express edition installer from the following link

2) Unzip it :

unzip oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm.zip

3) Install the following packages :

sudo apt-get install alien libaio1 unixodbc vim

4) Convert the red-hat ( rpm ) package to Ubuntu-package :
sudo alien --scripts -d oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm

(Note: this may take a while , till that time you can go for step 5 )

5) Do the following pre-requisite things:

a) Create a special chkconfig script :

The Red Hat based installer of Oracle XE 11gR2 relies on /sbin/chkconfig, which is not used in Ubuntu. The chkconfig package available for the current version of Ubuntu produces errors and my not be safe to use. Below is a simple trick to get around the problem and install Oracle XE successfully:

sudo vim /sbin/chkconfig

(copy and paste the following into the file)

#!/bin/bash
# Oracle 11gR2 XE installer chkconfig hack for Ubuntu
file=/etc/init.d/oracle-xe
if [[ ! `tail -n1 $file | grep INIT` ]]; then
echo >> $file
echo '### BEGIN INIT INFO' >> $file
echo '# Provides: OracleXE' >> $file
echo '# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog' >> $file
echo '# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog' >> $file
echo '# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5' >> $file
echo '# Default-Stop: 0 1 6' >> $file
echo '# Short-Description: Oracle 11g Express Edition' >> $file
echo '### END INIT INFO' >> $file
fi
update-rc.d oracle-xe defaults 80 01

Save the above file and provide appropriate execute privilege :

chmod 755 /sbin/chkconfig

b) Set the Kernel parameters :
Oracle 11gR2 XE requires to set the following additional kernel parameters:

sudo vim /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf

(Enter the following)

# Oracle 11g XE kernel parameters
fs.file-max=6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65000
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmax=536870912

(Save the file)

Note: kernel.shmmax = max possible value, e.g. size of physical RAM ( in bytes e.g. 512MB RAM == 512*1024*1024 == 536870912 bytes )
Verify the change :

sudo cat /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf

Load new kernel parameters:

sudo service procps start

Verify: sudo sysctl -q fs.file-max

-> fs.file-max = 6815744

c) Increase the system swap space : Analyze your current swap space by following command :

free -m

Minimum swap space requirement of Oracle 11gR2 XE is 2 GB . In case, your is lesser , you can increase it by following steps in my one of previous post .

d) make some more required changes :

i) ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk

ii) mkdir /var/lock/subsys

iii) touch /var/lock/subsys/listener

6) Now you are ready to install Oracle 11gR2 XE. Go to the directory where you created the ubuntu package file in Step 4 and enter following commands in terminal :

a) sudo dpkg --install oracle-xe_11.2.0-2_amd64.deb

Update : Before you proceed to next step , do have a look at this trouble-shooting post in order to avoid MEMORY TARGET or any other "shared memory" error.

b) sudo /etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure
Enter the following configuration information:

A valid HTTP port for the Oracle Application Express (the default is 8080)
A valid port for the Oracle database listener (the default is 1521)
A password for the SYS and SYSTEM administrative user accounts
Confirm password for SYS and SYSTEM administrative user accounts
Whether you want the database to start automatically when the computer starts (next reboot).

7) Before you start using Oracle 11gR2 XE you have to set-up more things :
 a) Set-up the environmental variables :
Add following lines to your .bashrc :

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe
export ORACLE_SID=XE
export NLS_LANG=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/nls_lang.sh`
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

b) execute your .profile to load the changes:

. ./.profile

8) Start the Oracle 11gR2 XE :

sudo service oracle-xe start

The output should be similar to following :
user@machine:~$ sudo service oracle-xe start
Starting Oracle Net Listener.
Starting Oracle Database 11g Express Edition instance.
user@machine:~$

9) Create your user :

a) Start sqlplus and login as sys :

sqlplus sys as sysdba

( provide the password you gave while configuring the oracle in Step 6 (ii) ).
This should come to following :

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Wed May 9 12:12:16 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Enter password:

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL>

b) Enter following on the sql prompt : Replace username and password by your desired ones.

SQL> create user username identified by password;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource to username;

Grant succeeded.

10) Now as you have created the user , you can login to it :

user@machine:~$ sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Wed May 9 12:28:48 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: temp
Enter password:

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> select 2+2 from dual;
2+2
----------
4
SQL>


Kate forces itself to be the default application for HTML

Making the suggestion by @user26687 the "official" answer...

This bug is already filed at kde.org against the KDE kcm_filetypes component.

I used the suggested workaround:

  A workaround on the user side is to merge $HOME/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list to $HOME/.config/mimeapps.list, and create a symbolic link to $HOME/.config/mimeapps.list at $HOME/.local/share/applications. System Settings then works fine.

It sort of works. Sometimes (most of the time?) moving things up and down doesn't properly apply. Also, if I open mimeapps.list in a text editor and move things around manually, the System Settings dialog doesn't reflect it. However, at least I can open links in Firefox now.


upgrading from 14.04LTS to 16.04LTS failed due to power cut

i searched on ask ubuntu for this query and i found the answer in (Lost power during upgrade, how do I recover?)

i run the command sudo dpkg --configure -a which was stated in answer of that question

thanks to that guy


Installing Using Terminal Brings Up Long List of Auto Removable 'Options'

Personally, I've never had any problems autoremoving, however, other users have reported the uninstallation of all kinds of stuff they didn't want to uninstall so there is the very real possibility of unforeseen consequences.

If you are the kind of person that would rather not have to fix things, you should probably leave it alone.


Audio input delay in VirtualBox Ubuntu 20.04

I have the exact same problem but my host and guest are both Arch. I have tried adjusting various pulseaudio settings on host and guest, and switching to pipewire-pulse (which was even worse). I have also been working around it by passing my USB mic through.
Another work around is to enable pulseaudio to listen on a tcp port on the host and then set PULSE_SERVER to the host IP in /etc/environment in the guest (and restart the guest). This will make the guest pass sound through to the pulseaudio server on the host.
I have to use Anyconnect VPN in the guest for work, so unfortunately I cannot connect to the host IP from the guest when VPN is active, but that might be an easier solution for you.


Enabling zoom in and out gesture on touchpad

I honestly do not know but, until someone comes along to help you that does know, I can offer you a fairly simply work-around that is pretty universal.

My solution has been to simply use the 'Ctrl' and the '+' or '-' keys. This is pretty universal and I have just checked in Opera, Firefox, and Chromium. In all three cases, depressing the 'CTRL' Key and pressing the '+' key increases the text size and the '-' key decreases the text size and the image size.

Until someone comes along with a better answer there's that option and it may serve your needs.

You have indicated that you're using the Alps touchpad. As such, I'd suggest taking a look at this page:
Installing ALPS Multitouch drivers in LINUX | ayushyajaiswal.blogspot.com


Open the file in ns-2.35/linkstate/ls.h and in the line 137 replace the :

void eraseAll() { erase(baseMap::begin(), baseMap::end()); }

whith :

void eraseAll() { baseMap::erase(baseMap::begin(), baseMap::end()); }


Skype don't recognize HP Pavilion DMI webcam

There is a (more or less) known problem with some 64bit drivers. On my system I could solve it this way:

Install (if needed) the compatibility layers for webcam at 32bit:

 sudo apt-get install  libv4l-0:i386

Prepare this script:

#!/bin/bash
#
export LD_PRELOAD="/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l2convert.so"
export PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC=60
export QT_PLUGIN_PATH="/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/qt4/plugins"
exec skype &

Call it "myskype" or whatever, make it executable, and run it instead of skype from a terminal emulator.

The three environment variables fix a couple of bug present in 64bit version of skype or ubuntu, depending on who you are speaking with.

As an alternative, you can edit /usr/share/application/skype.desktop and change the line where you find:

Exec=env PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC=60 skype %U

to

Exec=env PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC=60 LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l2convert.so QT_PLUGIN_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/qt4/plugins skype %U

(all in one line).

Caveats:

If it doesn't work, try to change v4l2convert.so to v4l1convert.so .
Check the real paths of the *.so files on your system (you need the 32bit ones; either in i386 or lib32 directories).
On all my systems minus 1 the QT_PLUGIN_PATH variable is not needed.
The PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC variable is badly needed or you lose the audio.


Resize root partition when using LVM on 14.04

Found the answer:

sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/borren--vg-root

Creds to http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/40702/how-to-manage-and-use-lvm-logical-volume-management-in-ubuntu/


Can i Install new emoticons on Ubuntu as in Kubuntu?

What you are referring to specifically is a KDE specific feature, so no, you cannot do the same on Ubuntu.

Pidgin and emesene support emoticon themes, so maybe you can give one of these two a try.


Sending sms is possible via:

/usr/share/ofono/scripts/send-sms /ril_0 +4917432xxxxx "good evening ali" 0

I've managed to get calling working via ofono too, once.
But unfortunately I have neither the snippet nor the time to work it out right now. But in order to answer your question, yes definitely possible.

Keep in mind that calls/sms made or sent this way do not show up in your phones log unless you enter them manually (there's a sqlite database IIRC).

Please consider showing some more effort in your question next time.
(Like what you've tried so far and what did not work out as expected)
That way you'll probably getting a faster answer next time.


HP ProBook 4720s - Fans running constantly at full

Have you checked whether you use the proprietary ATI driver (flgrx package)? The open source radeon driver is known to have poor power management support.


To build from source code then visit the download page and you can find the instructions linked from here. It's too long to list here and too hard to implement, instead you can install it this way:

If you use Ubuntu 12.04 you can use the PPA:

sudo apt-get install kompozer

Else if you Ubuntu version is greater(>14.04) then you can install itsource this way:

First, install dependencies:

sudo apt-get install libatk1.0-0 libc6 libcairo2 libfontconfig1 libfreetype6 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libglib2.0-0 libgtk2.0-0  libidl0 libnspr4 libnss3 libpango1.0-0 libpng12-0 libstdc++6 libx11-6 libxft2 libxinerama1 libxrender1 libxt6 zlib1g

Then, get the two packages, and install them in the correct order.

For 32bit systems:

wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/kompozer-data_0.8%7Eb3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_all.deb
wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/kompozer_0.8%7Eb3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i kompozer-data_0.8~b3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i kompozer_0.8~b3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_i386.deb

if you have error then run:

sudo apt-get install -f

for 64bit systems:

wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/kompozer-data_0.8%7Eb3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_all.deb
wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/kompozer_0.8%7Eb3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i kompozer-data_0.8~b3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i kompozer_0.8~b3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_amd64.deb

if you have error then run:

sudo apt-get install -f


Unable to resolve host in Ubuntu using sudo

I had the same problem after upgrading from 14.04 to 16.04.

It is not evidence of being hacked.

I solved the problem by adding my hostname to the line containing "127.0.1.1" in the "/etc/hosts" file and then issued "/etc/init.d/hostname.sh start"


There are 3 things you need to concern yourself with:

The looping construct for iterating over the list of names
The method for determining whether a user should be deleted
The user deletion

In pseudo-code, the algorithm would be something like the following.

for each name N in the input file
    ask if N should be interpreted as a user and deleted; wait for a reply R
        if R is yes delete the user else skip

With respect to (3), we can reuse your approach. I have corrected to remove the echo as that prevents the user deletion.

With respect to (2), there are at least 2 ways.

read -p "Should ${user} be deleted? (yN)" -r yn
case $yn in
    ...
esac

and

echo Should ${user} be deleted?
select yn in "Y" "N"
do
    case $yn in
        ...
    done
done

With respect to (1), there are at least 2 methods.

for user in $(<badUsers.txt)
do
    ...
done

while read -r user
do
    ...
done < badUsers.txt

The last method is similar to the cat construct you use above, but is preferred as it allows for file descriptor redirection. If we prefer the methods used in the example you provide, we get something like the following.

while read -u 3 -r user
do
    read -p "Should ${user} be deleted from the system? (yN)" -r yn
    case $yn in
        [Yy]) echo "Deleting: ${user}"
               userdel -r -- "${user}" 2> /dev/null
               ;;
        *) echo next user
           ;;
    esac
done 3< badUsers.txt

exit 0

As you may already know, read redirects the file to standard in, which is numbered 0. The nested read, used to prompt the user, inherits this redirected file descriptor. This means the read with the prompt will take its input from 0, which is now not the terminal, but a file.

To avoid this problem it is better redirect the file to descriptor 3, and configure the outer read to use descriptor 3 as its input.


Download picasa web photos without picasa

Install digiKam from the software center and run it .
If you are running GNOME see this to make it look native .

Now Press Shift + Ctrl + Alt + P or go to  Import (Menu) -> Import from Picasa Web .


VNC can control desktop, but only displays black screen

Alright. I found the culprit. In case anyone is googling this later, if you're using Virtualbox as your VM manager, disable 3D acceleration. As soon as I did that, VNC worked like a charm.


Live CD: Script doens't work correctly after login

Because some processes are keeping files open for writing, try to use:

while :; do mount $SERVER:/srv/nfs/updatefiles ~/nfs && break || sleep 3; done

This will run mount command every 3 seconds (change this as you wish) until success.

And try also a lazy unmount:

umount -l ~/nfs

Read also man mount and man umount for more info and more options.


How to **really** suppress kernel messages during boot?

So apparently console=tty5 doesn't work or any virtual console for that matter. What does seem to work is console=ttyS0 set in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX (the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT doesn't work for some reason, even though that option should send kernel parameters to normal boot, while GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX - to both diagnostic and normal). I'll update this answer if I figure out anything else but so far this seems to be it.


What's equivalent of BasicTeX in Ubuntu?

TeX Live is divided into several packages in Ubuntu. If you don't want the whole thing (and indeed most users don't need the whole thing), install texlive-base , which is similar in size to BasicTeX. You may want to install texlive-latex-recommended  and texlive-fonts-recommended  as well as support for the language(s) you write in (texlive-lang-…).


Unable to append quote sign in terminal out put for offset sequence

You could simply use sed.

sed 's/$/"/' ~/Desktop/offset.txt

$ matches the end of a line. So by replacing the boundary which exists at the last with double quotes will give you the desired output.

Example:

$ echo '0x00000000
> 0x00000419' | sed 's/$/"/'
0x00000000"
0x00000419"

Add the inline edit -i paramter to save the changes made to that file.

sed -i 's/$/"/' ~/Desktop/offset.txt

Some other methods in awk.

$ echo '0x00000000
0x00000419' | awk '{$0=$0"\""}1'
0x00000000"
0x00000419"
$ echo '0x00000000
0x00000419' | awk '{sub(/$/, "\"")}1'
0x00000000"
0x00000419"
$ echo '0x00000000
0x00000419' | awk '{print $0"\""}'
0x00000000"
0x00000419"

OR

while read -r i; do sed 's/$/"/' <<< "$i"; done < ~/Desktop/offset.txt


I solved my issues.

Error: "X11 forwarding request failed on channel 0"

and

"Error: no display specified"

Solution:

Add the following to /etc/ssh/ssh_config on the client:

ForwardX11 yes

On the remote, install the following package: xauth

apt-get install xauth


Ubuntu on x64 sees 2G of 12G RAM installed

According to the specifications of your system, it is limited to 4GB RAM.

dmidecode shows the correct size of the memory modules, because the size is read from the EEPROM on the memory modules, and is correctly reported by the BIOS. Then the BIOS limit the usable size to what this machine is able to handle.

This is most likely a hardware limitation of the motherboard. Supporting bigger RAM requires more address lines to be connected on the motherboard (from the CPU to the RAM slots). More lines on a PCB means making either the PCB bigger or with tighter tolerances, resulting in an extra cost.

Even in desktop computers, this is not really uncommon. My Dell OptiPlex 7040 is limited to 16GB even it's processor (core i7-6700) can manage up to 64GB RAM. Now this 64-bit CPU is limited to 64GB RAM for exactly the same reason your motherboard is limited to 4GB! More lines in the silicon, means extra cost...

In your case, you see 2GB of RAM instead of the 4GB specified maximum, because of a difference in the number of row and columns addresses supported or because of a BIOS bug. I've already seen computers simply refusing to boot, even in the BIOS, just beeping or blinking because an unsupported memory module was plugged-in.

About the 16 GB RAM (and relationship to Core i3)

Searching the internet, I could not find any reference for the 16 GB RAM support, but I found many references worded like that:

ASUS Chromebox CN60 M075U - Core i3 4010U 1.7 GHz - 4 GB - 16 GB

Unfortunately, 16 GB in this description is not the maximum RAM size, it's the SSD size, and I think this wording caused confusion.


Are you trying to prevent someone from accessing your HDD by booting up a system from USB? If an attacker have physical access to your machine, he can always take out your HDD and do what he want. So in this case it won't help if you could disable booting from USB. This "hibernating method" is no more safer then password protecting your BIOS.

Drive encryption is the only way to prevent an attacker with physical access to your machine from accessing your files.

I see you want an answer from credible/official source, so for example look at this. It also says that the resolution is to encrypt your files/drive.


Ubuntu : unattended apt-get upgrade : GRUB install dialog

Sounds like you'll want to change the debconf question priority and/or change the frontend to noninteractive. See debconf(7)


How can I setup gstreamer to work with specific sf2 sound bank?

Here are instructions to make sf2 files available to wildmidi (and thus gstreamer): https://cybolic.wordpress.com/2011/04/26/gstreamer-midi-and-ubuntu/

Worked beautifully for me (although unsf may crash for your sound bank, didn't seem too robust).

Should work ok in rhythmbox, assuming that it uses wildmidi plugin. From the command line: gst-launch filesrc location=test.mid ! wildmidi ! pulsesink did the right thing.


Unmanaged network icon - Network manangement disabled

I find this happens after a bad shutdown.  Just change

managed=false

to

managed=true

in /etc/NetworkManager/nm-system-settings.conf

Note: In newer versions of Ubuntu, the file is at /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf


Can I control where an application launches so it doesn't make my launcher autohide?

Stop Unity Launcher to auto-hide:

1) Install ComfigCompiz Setting Manager (you find int in Ubuntu Software Center)

2) Open it, and at Desktop -> Ubuntu Unity Plugin -> In the Behavior tab for the Hide Launcher select "Never"

That's it.

Regarding setting fixed position for applications to launch, I don't know.

Cheers


memtest is usually run separately to a Linux kernel (selected as a boot option instead of Ubuntu), although you could download a memtest package and run it from within Ubuntu with the following commands.

sudo apt-get install memtester
sudo memtester 1024 5

Running it separately to Ubuntu gives it greater access to the machine's memory, so is the preferred method.

See How to check for errors in RAM via linux? for more details.


Colour font installation (emoji) in Maverick Meerkat

As an alternative, installing the Symbola font made it so that characters in the emoji Unicode space displayed properly for me in Firefox/Chromium.
You have two options:

Either you manually download the font from a web site like this one and manually install it or
You install the Ancient-Fonts-package via apt-get install ttf-ancient-fonts


I installed wine-6.6 (Staging) by adding wine-hq repo and it works.


Ubuntu not seeing Windows 7 in bootloader

Maybe you try install grub.
Browse for boot-repair.

help link


It may be a bug. You can reset the power led after suspend manually. Run the following command as root:

# echo '0 on' > /proc/acpi/ibm/led

If you have found any other better solution, please tell me.


Do I have to restart apache server each time I change a PHP script?

The answer is "no" unless you have added rather weird things in your Apache config.

The most likely thing is that you accidentally didn't save your PHP script. (It happens to everyone—even when they try it twice. Tends to suddenly work if someone is watching.)

The second most likely is a caching problem. Try loading the page with curl instead of a web browser to eliminate a couple of possible sources of caching.


Are there search and dictionary panel applets available for Unity?

Artha

Artha is a handy English thesaurus having distinct features like look up on a global hot key press, passive notifications of a selected text's definitions, suggestions for misspelled words, etc. Once launched, it sits on the system tray monitoring for a pre-set hot key combination. When some text is selected on any window and the hotkey is pressed, it pops-up with the word looked-up. Should the user prefer passive notifications over the app. popping-up, this can be done by enabling the notifications option

Artha is available in the Ubuntu Software Centre for installation and come with a Panel indicator.


docker daemon: Error initializing network controller

After looking through /var/log/syslog I have seen Error starting daemon: Error initializing network controller: invalid CIDR address: .

The issue was in the unit file /etc/systemd/system/docker.service more exactly the --bip flag used in ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd  (which tells the daemon  change the default range of the default docker-bridge) was not good.

PS: useful link for restoring the docker.socket unit-file (version 18.09):

https://github.com/docker/docker-ce/blob/v18.09.0/components/packaging/systemd/docker.service


Spice enabled KVM packages should land in the development release this week (hopefully).  I'm currently reviewing them before sponsoring them.

I'm not sure if anyone is currently backporting them to a stable release.


Is the top panel in Unity currently transparent by default?

Solid, but you can make it transparent using the CompizConifg Settings Manager ccsm:


after software update, website not accessible

I finally found the command sudo iptables -F which can be used to erase all the firewall rules (it's a dev machine, so I don't really care), and used it. Now everything is accessible.


Keyboard and mouse is not working properly

Salam. Go to all settings and see carefully all and their tabs. I think it was a choice in "universal access" tabs same as "stop mouse when i use keyboard". I unchecked this before, but I forgot where it was. excuse me.


cd/popd back into a previously renamed, then recreated directory goes into the wrong directory

You never changed directory until...

If, on the command line after the script has run, I manually go up one level and then back, all is normal again.

You cannot change the current directory of a terminal by running another script in the usual way.  This is because scripts are executed in a subshell which has no effect on the environment of the parent shell, i.e. your terminal session.
You need to source your script as:
source script

which can also be abbrieviated as:
. script

to run it in within the same shell.


GNOME Terminal - identical I/O among multiple tabs

Well, it turned out that I'm an idiot. :D Instead of switching tabs ('ctrl' + 'Pg Up/Dn) I was moving their position ('shift' + 'ctrl' + 'Pg Up/Dn') and since they were both named the same I couldn't tell the difference.. Thank you for your reply!


What is the difference between mcrypt and scrypt?

Mcrypt is a simple crypting program, a replacement for the old unix crypt . When encrypting or decrypting a file, a new file is created with the extension .nc and mode 0600. The new file keeps the modification date of the original. The original file may be deleted by specifying the -u parameter. If no files are specified, the standard input is encrypted to the standard output.

Mcrypt uses all the symmetric algorithms included in libmcrypt.Man Page

Scrypt is a password-based key derivation function created by Colin Percival. The algorithm was specifically designed to make it costly to perform large scale custom hardware attacks by requiring large amounts of memory, and is designed to be far more secure against hardware brute-force attacks. In 2012, the scrypt algorithm was published by IETF as an Internet Draft, intended to become an informational RFC, which has since expired.Tarsnap


is there any way to change ssh or vnc config using ftp?

Looks like you've got the same problem I had a few years ago, though I only had to put a router in my back-pack!

A few hints before you go trek up a mountain:

Take a new server identical to the one you've locked yourself out of just in case you can't solve the problem with physical access.
Have an Iridium phone plugged into a modem attached to the new server so you can always dial in if the excrement hits the fan (like now)
Ensure the new server has fully redundant hardware (dual Power supply, NICs, RAID 1, ...)
Ensure you have dual switches in the facility.
Leave the new server behind even when you get the first one up-and-running.

And most important of all: from now on, have a test server next to you so you can test things out before you change production servers on mount Everest!

Sorry to be the harbinger of bad news...


Are there any utilities available on Ubuntu that convert bootable USBs to ISOs?

This command will make complete copy of your device, replace the name with name sdx of your device:

dd bs=4M if=/dev/sdx of=/windows10.iso status=progress && sync

Alternative: mount your usb to VirtualBox and install from it.


kernel multitouch events injection / example / source where can I find?

You can read input documentation for the Linux kernel.

Perhaps more specifically the Multi-touch Protocol.

You can also get help at the Linux Kernel Mailing List (LKML).


Problems with Ubuntu 14.04 on Dell XPS 13

Install Ubuntu 15.04 as it includes a lot of bug fixes.

I have written a complete step-by-step guide  on how to install Ubuntu 15.04
and get everything to working properly on the Dell XPS 13 9343 notebook.

This is what you have to do:

Install Ubuntu 15.04
Connect your computer with a USB Wifi/Ethernet adapter and run (to make Wifi work):

sudo apt-get install dkms bcmwl-kernel-source

After that your XPS 13 should work properly (some additional fixes and tweaks may be needed, refer to my guide).


Ubuntu SDK: How can I use PyQt for developing Ubuntu Touch apps?

Using pyotherside that is already packaged for ubuntu as pyotherside (for trusty you can just manually download and install the utopic package, or build from sources). You only need to have this installed in your $QML2_IMPORT_PATH/io/thp/pyotherside.

Then on Qml side you can just load the Python component, and do the magic. See the examples and read the documentation.


intel-pstate processor frequency very high even if in idle

Finally I have found a solution.

The intel_pstate driver has some problem with some Intel Hswell and later processors. Arch Linux users have noticed that this is the intel_pstate and the kernels internal timer problem. When timer is set to 300Hz (the default in arch) the intel_pstate driver is to sensitive. In Ubuntu this timer is set to 250Hz in a generic kernels.

When I test the linux-lowlatency kernel (whitch has set CONFIG_HZ to 1000) the problem seems to disappear (seems, because I have tested this in 4.11 lowlatency kernel and solution do not solve this problem). Battery lifetime increase from 2.5 to 4.5 hours for chrome html5video decoding. Below my test with lowlatency 4.10.0 kernel.

Collecting data for 62 seconds...
# NumSamples = 62; Min = 799.80; Max = 3325.80
# Mean = 1332.198387; Variance = 413667.275965; SD = 643.169710; Median 1091.200000
# each ∎ represents a count of 1
  799.8000 -  1052.4000 [    29]: ∎∎∎∎∎∎∎...∎∎∎∎∎∎∎ (46.77%)
 1052.4000 -  1305.0000 [    14]: ∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎∎ (22.58%)
 1305.0000 -  1557.6000 [     3]: ∎∎∎ (4.84%)
 1557.6000 -  1810.2000 [     5]: ∎∎∎∎∎ (8.06%)
 1810.2000 -  2062.8000 [     3]: ∎∎∎ (4.84%)
 2062.8000 -  2315.4000 [     0]:  (0.00%)
 2315.4000 -  2568.0000 [     5]: ∎∎∎∎∎ (8.06%)
 2568.0000 -  2820.6000 [     0]:  (0.00%)
 2820.6000 -  3073.2000 [     0]:  (0.00%)
 3073.2000 -  3325.8000 [     3]: ∎∎∎ (4.84%)


How to install and configure SAS storage driver

sorted it with this link :: https://baldpenguin.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/

has to delete the raid.

Show raid dar index with this command :: sas2ircu LIST

root@lancache:~# sas2ircu LIST
LSI Corporation SAS2 IR Configuration Utility.
Version 13.00.00.00 (2012.02.17)
Copyright (c) 2009-2012 LSI Corporation. All rights reserved.

         Adapter      Vendor  Device                       SubSys  SubSys
 Index    Type          ID      ID    Pci Address          Ven ID  Dev ID
 -----  ------------  ------  ------  -----------------    ------  ------
   0     SAS2008     1000h    72h   00h:01h:00h:00h      1028h   1f1dh
SAS2IRCU: Utility Completed Successfully.

Index is 0

Now I need the Raid Volume ID

root@lancache:~# sas2ircu 0  DISPLAY
LSI Corporation SAS2 IR Configuration Utility.
Version 13.00.00.00 (2012.02.17)
Copyright (c) 2009-2012 LSI Corporation. All rights reserved.

Read configuration has been initiated for controller 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Controller information
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Controller type                         : SAS2008
  BIOS version                            : 7.11.01.00
  Firmware version                        : 7.15.04.00
  Channel description                     : 1 Serial Attached SCSI
  Initiator ID                            : 0
  Maximum physical devices                : 39
  Concurrent commands supported           : 2607
  Slot                                    : 1
  Segment                                 : 0
  Bus                                     : 1
  Device                                  : 0
  Function                                : 0
  RAID Support                            : Yes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
IR Volume information
------------------------------------------------------------------------
IR volume 1
  Volume ID                               : 79
  Status of volume                        : Inactive, Okay (OKY)
  Volume wwid                             : 0edea3a351dff36d
  RAID level                              : RAID0
  Size (in MB)                            : 7629392
  Physical hard disks                     :
  PHY[0] Enclosure#/Slot#                 : 1:1
  PHY[1] Enclosure#/Slot#                 : 1:0
  PHY[2] Enclosure#/Slot#                 : 0:0
  PHY[3] Enclosure#/Slot#                 : 0:0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Physical device information
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Initiator at ID #0

Device is a Hard disk
  Enclosure #                             : 0
  Slot #                                  : 0
  SAS Address                             : 0000000-0-0000-0000
  State                                   : Missing (MIS)
  Manufacturer                            : SEAGATE
  Model Number                            :
  Firmware Revision                       :
  Serial No                               : Z1P14BEL0000C225
  GUID                                    : N/A
  Drive Type                              : Undetermined

Device is a Hard disk
  Enclosure #                             : 0
  Slot #                                  : 0
  SAS Address                             : 0000000-0-0000-0000
  State                                   : Missing (MIS)
  Manufacturer                            : SEAGATE
  Model Number                            :
  Firmware Revision                       :
  Serial No                               : Z1P00HSD0000S129
  GUID                                    : N/A
  Drive Type                              : Undetermined

Device is a Hard disk
  Enclosure #                             : 1
  Slot #                                  : 0
  SAS Address                             : 5000c50-0-342c-217d
  State                                   : Optimal (OPT)
  Size (in MB)/(in sectors)               : 1907729/3907029167
  Manufacturer                            : SEAGATE
  Model Number                            : ST2000NM0001
  Firmware Revision                       : 0001
  Serial No                               : Z1P0288F0000S137KRQ9
  GUID                                    : 5000c500342c217f
  Protocol                                : SAS
  Drive Type                              : SAS_HDD

Device is a Hard disk
  Enclosure #                             : 1
  Slot #                                  : 1
  SAS Address                             : 5000c50-0-8d46-33cd
  State                                   : Optimal (OPT)
  Size (in MB)/(in sectors)               : 1907729/3907029167
  Manufacturer                            : SEAGATE
  Model Number                            : ST2000NM0001
  Firmware Revision                       : 0002
  Serial No                               : Z1P2JXMV0000C2426MCF
  GUID                                    : 5000c5008d4633cf
  Protocol                                : SAS
  Drive Type                              : SAS_HDD
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Enclosure information
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Enclosure#                              : 1
  Logical ID                              : 5782bcb0:2a464900
  Numslots                                : 8
  StartSlot                               : 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SAS2IRCU: Command DISPLAY Completed Successfully.
SAS2IRCU: Utility Completed Successfully.

So the Volum ID os  79 ...

Now to delete the volume.

root@lancache:~# sas2ircu 0 DELETEVOLUME 79
LSI Corporation SAS2 IR Configuration Utility.
Version 13.00.00.00 (2012.02.17)
Copyright (c) 2009-2012 LSI Corporation. All rights reserved.

You are about to delete an existing RAID Volume on a controller. This command
will delete the specified RAID volume and associated HotSpare drive(s).

WARNING: Proceeding with this operation may cause data loss or data
         corruption. Are you sure you want to proceed (YES/NO)? yes

WARNING: This is you last chance to abort this operation. Do you wish
         to abort (YES/NO)? no
Please wait, may take up to a minute...
SAS2IRCU: Volume deleted successfully.
SAS2IRCU: Command DELETEVOLUME Completed Successfully.
SAS2IRCU: Utility Completed Successfully.

Now the disks are back to normal

root@lancache:~# lshw -c disk
  *-disk:0
       description: SCSI Disk
       product: ST2000NM0001
       vendor: SEAGATE
       physical id: 0.0.0
       bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
       logical name: /dev/sdc
       version: 0001
       serial: Z1P0288F0000S137KRQ9
       size: 1863GiB (2TB)
       capabilities: 7200rpm
       configuration: ansiversion=6 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512
  *-disk:1
       description: SCSI Disk
       product: ST2000NM0001
       vendor: SEAGATE
       physical id: 0.1.0
       bus info: scsi@0:0.1.0
       logical name: /dev/sdb
       version: 0002
       serial: Z1P2JXMV0000C2426MCF
       size: 1863GiB (2TB)
       capabilities: 7200rpm
       configuration: ansiversion=6 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512

Now I can fdisk the drives and set them up with zfs.

Disk /dev/sdb: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/sdc: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I know it's an old post but worth an update for everyone.


Well, your original problem which mainfests in a SyntaxError exception is a funny one: you started a python interpreter and then trying to run a shell command from there. This won't work. You need to exit the Python interpreter (with Ctrl-D) and execute your file from the shell prompt. The actual command will be the same:

python tutorial1.py

(provided that your current directory contains tutorial1.py file)

If you need cvxopt module installed in Python, you can do that with

sudo apt-get install python-cvxopt

You don't need to use build-dep command. Also, I'd suggest to try running a simple "Hello, World" script first which doesn't depend on complex third-party stuff and only then proceed to trying to use cvxopt.


How to install .tar.gz files which don't have .config file?

There is NO installation file in the .tar.gz file that you downloaded from Adobe website.

Ditch the manual installation. Here's how you can install flash from the terminal:

Open the program Software and Updates
Go to Other Software
Enable (check) Canonical Partners and close Software and Updates
Open up a terminal and run: sudo apt-get update
Now install flash: sudo apt-get install adobe-flashplugin

If you are using Chromium Browser, you can do it manually:

Download the .tar.gz file (I downloaded it in my /home directory)
Extract the compressed file
From the extracted folder, copy libpepflashplayer.so and manifest.json to /usr/lib/chromium-browser/plugins directory
Open /etc/chromium-browser/default as root and append --ppapi-flash-path=/usr/lib/chromium-browser/plugins/libpepflashplayer.so --ppapi-flash-version=22.0.0.209 within " " of CHROMIUM_FLAGS

You can find the correct flash version in the manifest.json file.


Screen Rotates After Closing Laptop Lid HP, Ubuntu 18.04.02

I don't know if what you describe is a bug, but you can run xrandr -o normal at wake-up from suspend by doing the following (based on this answer and the comment below it):

Create a shell script named xrandr_normal.sh (you can use another name if you wish) that runs your xrandr command:
nano /path/to/script/xrandr_normal.sh

Put the following inside:
   #!/bin/bash
DISPLAY=:0.0 ; export DISPLAY
xrandr -o normal

Give execution rights to your script:
chmod u+x /path/to/script/xrandr_normal.sh

Create a service file that will run your script after suspend (you can use whatever name you wish for the service file):
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/xrandr_normal.service

Put the following inside:
   [Unit]
Description=Some description
Before=sleep.target
StopWhenUnneeded=yes

[Service]
User=YOUR_USERNAME
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes
ExecStop=/path/to/script/xrandr_normal.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=sleep.target

Make sure to replace YOUR_USERNAME in the first line below [Service] with your actual username and put the correct path to your script in ExecStop.

Enable the service you created:
sudo systemctl enable xrandr_normal

Start the service:
sudo systemctl start xrandr_normal

As the author of the answer that this one is based on suggests, you can check for errors if the service does not work after suspend with the following command:
journalctl -u xrandr_normal.service


Installing the latest texlive via command line on ubuntu 18.04 LTS virtual machine

You will get TeXLive 2019 on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS by using JonathonF PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/texlive-2019
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install texlive

Another option is to install Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and use TeXLive 2020 from it.

As usual this PPA may be removed by the commands below:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:jonathonf/texlive-2019


Using the GUI look for "Preferences > Brightness and Lock". Or run

gnome-control-center

then choose "Brightness and Lock".


Can't copy from clipboard to any Java applet

gksudo gedit /etc/java-6-sun/security/java.policy

and/or

gksudo gedit /etc/java-6-openjdk/security/java.policy

or (for example)

gksudo gedit /opt/java/64/jre1.7.0_04/lib/security/java.policy

Add the following line down the bottom before the last closing bracket.

permission java.awt.AWTPermission "accessClipboard";

If you are having trouble finding the correct java.policy file to edit, you can try to locate the file using

$ sudo find / -name "*java.policy"


Formatting USB thumb drives for Ubuntu in Windows

Ubuntu 14.04 should work with FAT32 and NTFS from the get-go. However, FAT32 has a max file limit of 4GB (any files larger than this can't be put on it).

If you install exfat-fuse on Ubuntu by typing sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse into the command line, Ubuntu should also mount the exFAT filesystem, which is similar to FAT32 except it does not impose the 4GB file limit.


Ubuntu Virtual Machine Hard Drive re-size (GParted)

The easiest way to do this is, booted to the Ubuntu Live DVD or USB flash drive, start gparted, delete partitions sda5, then delete sda2. Then resize sda1 (maximum to the right - leave some room for a swap partition 1x the size of RAM). Then create a new swap partition in the remaining unallocated space. Right click on this new swap partition and issue a swapon command. Reboot.

In terminal, type sudo blkid and note (and copy to the clipboard) the UUID of the swap partition that you just created. Then type sudo gedit /etc/fstab and change the UUID of the swap partition, to the new value you just recorded (paste from the clipboard). Save and Quit. Reboot.

Questions? Problems? Let us know how you do! Cheers, Al


Why is 'speech-dispatcher' listed so many times in sound settings and what is it?

You have enabled the ScreenReader in GNOME, that's all. To disable the Screen Reader start Universal Access and click Screen Reader.

You can see four entries in Sound, because there are four processes

% ps xa | grep -P 'speech-dispatcher.*\.conf'
14520 tty2     Sl+    0:00 /usr/lib/speech-dispatcher-modules/sd_generic /etc/speech-dispatcher/modules/generic.conf
14523 tty2     Sl+    0:00 /usr/lib/speech-dispatcher-modules/sd_cicero /etc/speech-dispatcher/modules/cicero.conf
14527 tty2     Sl+    0:03 /usr/lib/speech-dispatcher-modules/sd_espeak /etc/speech-dispatcher/modules/espeak.conf
14532 tty2     Sl+    0:00 /usr/lib/speech-dispatcher-modules/sd_dummy /etc/speech-dispatcher/modules/dummy.conf

Sometimes the processes, however, seem to be not properly terminated after the Screen Reader was terminated. Therefore:

killall speech-dispatcher

As said here, it is a known upstream bug which is currently being worked on.


un-mounting a davfs2 fails without any error (no open files)

Same problem here. I was not able to unmount the webdav folder with umount. No error reported, but the resource was not unmounted.
Reporting all mounts shows the webdav resource as  fuse type and not davfs, as I was expecting. That triggered the solution.
mount

(...)
https://server/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/geonext/ on /home/qgis/nextcloud type fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,user_id=1002,group_id=1002,allow_other,max_read=16384,uid=1002,gid=1002,user=qgis,helper=davfs)

Solution
fusermount -u /home/qgis/nextcloud

The resource was unmounted.


Cannot dual boot Ubuntu 14.04 LTS along with Windows 8.1

Actaully I was too facing this problem. I suggest you to do a boot repair. Make a bootable Ubuntu pendrive and den boot it through that and then after booting to ubunty click on try ubuntu and den follow the steps listed : http://www.howtogeek.com/114884/how-to-repair-grub2-when-ubuntu-wont-boot


When watching video full screen online, screen goes grey

Your FlashPlugin may crashed, install adobe flash plugin from ubuntu software center,

if it not installed your system install it.


There isn't really any receive option. Go to Personal File Sharing Preferences and select Always under Accept File: option if you want to receive files from your device without pairing it, though I'd recommend pairing as if you select this option any device can send malicious/bogus files to your computer without pairing while visible.


How do I add a local mirror to my software sources?

Go to the "software sources" > Ubuntu Software > Download From > Choose Server> look for your "institute hosts" > select and save. Let it update.

Open a terminal Ctrl+Alt+T and typesudo apt-get update

Done


There are services that can be enabled/disabled using the GUI (like the startup application) or the terminal.

For the Terminal you have several options. First, open a terminal (Type "terminal" in the dash, for example, and open it). Then:

Temporary enabling/disabling services

To stop and start services temporarily (Does not enable / disable them for future boots), you can type service SERVICE_NAME [action]. For example:

sudo service apache2 stop (Will STOP the Apache service until Reboot or until you start it again).
sudo service apache2 start (Will START the Apache service assuming it was stopped before.).
service apache2 status (Will tell you the STATUS of the service, if it is either enabled/running of disabled/NOT running.).
sudo service apache2 restart (Will RESTART the service. This is most commonly used when you have changed, a config file. In this case, if you changed either a PHP configuration or an Apache configuration. Restart will save you from having to stop/start with 2 command lines)
service apache2 (In this case, since you did not mention the ACTION to execute for the service, it will show you all options available for that specific service.) This aspect varies depending on the service, for example, with MySQL it would only mention that it is missing a parameter. For other services like networking service it would mention the small list of all options available.

SYSTEMD

Starting with Ubuntu 15.04, Upstart will be deprecated in favor of Systemd. With Systemd to manage the services we can do the following (through the systemctl action SERVICE pattern):

systemctl start SERVICE - Use it to start a service. Does not persist after reboot

systemctl stop SERVICE - Use it to stop a service. Does not persist after reboot

systemctl restart SERVICE - Use it to restart a service

systemctl reload SERVICE - If the service supports it, it will reload the config files related to it without interrupting any process that is using the service.

systemctl status SERVICE - Shows the status of a service. Tells whether a service is currently running.

systemctl enable SERVICE - Turns the service on, on the next reboot or on the next start event. It persists after reboot.

systemctl disable SERVICE - Turns the service off on the next reboot or on the next stop event. It persists after reboot.

systemctl is-enabled SERVICE - Check if a service is currently configured to start or not on the next reboot.

systemctl is-active SERVICE - Check if a service is currently active.

systemctl show SERVICE - Show all the information about the service.

sudo systemctl mask SERVICE - Completely disable a service by linking it to /dev/null; you cannot start the service manually or enable the service.

sudo systemctl unmask SERVICE - Removes the link to /dev/null and restores the ability to enable and or manually start the service.

UPSTART (Deprecated Since 15.04)

If we want to use the official Upstart way (Note that, for the moment, not all services have been converted to Upstart), we could use the following commands:

status SERVICE - This will tell us if a converted service is running or not. Note that this is deprecated in favor of start, stop, status & restart. It will also tell us if a service has not yet been converted to upstart:

A converted service would typically output the current status (Starting, Running, Stopping...) and process ID. A non converted service would give an error about an unknown job.

Some shortcuts may only work with the service command above but not with the commands below unless they are 100% converted to upstart services:

START - sudo start mysql
STOP - sudo stop mysql
RESTART - sudo restart mysql
STATUS - sudo status smbd

Enabling / Disabling a service

To toggle a service from starting or stopping permanently you would need to:

echo manual | sudo tee /etc/init/SERVICE.override

where the stanza manual will stop Upstart from automatically loading the service on next boot. Any service with the .override ending will take precedence over the original service file. You will only be able to start the service manually afterwards. If you do not want this then simply delete the .override.
For example:

echo manual | sudo tee /etc/init/mysql.override

Will put the MySQL service into manual mode. If you do not want this, afterwards you can simply do

sudo rm /etc/init/mysql.override

and Reboot for the service to start automatically again. Of course to enable a service, the most common way is by installing it. If you install Apache, Nginx, MySQL or others, they automatically start upon finishing installation and will start every time the computer boots. Disabling, as mentioned above, will make use of the service manual.


What is the easiest way to add watermark to a video?

Two options I found:

Using ffmpeg:
 ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i watermark.png -filter_complex "overlay=1500:1000" output.mp4

Using avconv:
 avconv -i input.mp4 -i watermark.png -filter_complex 'overlay=x=main_w-overlay_w-10:y=main_h-overlay_h-10' output.mp4

Information:

ffmpeg's overlay= option allows me to specify where the top left of the image will appear on the video. So adjust those number based on the resolution of your watermark and of your video. Specifying a specific position of the overlay in pixels – 10:10 puts the video 10 pixels from the top and 10 pixels from the left. (x:y coordinates)
avconv has a more complex syntax. It's possible to specify the absolute position using overlay=x=1500:y=1000 or to use relative positions with overlay=x=main_w-overlay_w-10:y=main_h-overlay_h-10.

Source:
https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2016/08/easy-ways-to-add-watermarks-to-images-and-videos-in-linux/
http://ksloan.net/watermarking-videos-from-the-command-line-using-ffmpeg-filters/


How to create a symbolic link in a linux directory?

Use ln:

ln -s /var/www/vhosts/ecash_cfe /var/www/vhosts/ecash-staging.com/ecash_root

-s stands for symbolic link
/var/www/vhosts/ecash_cfe is the source file
/var/www/vhosts/ecash-staging.com/ecash_root is the link name


What is a good Bazaar cheat sheet for the most common tasks?

I prefer this page.

Version 2.6
Version 2.7


How do I change the "favourite" files and folders in the files and folder lens in natty?

No it does not just show all the folders in the home folder. It shows the nautilus bookmarks you create. Since the default bookmarks are the Pictures, Video, Music, Downloads and Documents folder present in your home folder they appear under the favorite files and folders category in the files lens.


rEFInd Question: Remove multiple boot items?

There are a number of ways to do what you want, but first, understand that you've got three (or maybe four) entries that boot Ubuntu in different ways:

The grubx64.efi entry launches GRUB, which in turn launches the Linux kernel (and may also offer its own menu for booting other things, depending on how it's configured).
The boot\vmlinuz-3.11.0-18-generic.efi.signed entry launches the 3.11.0-18-generic kernel without using GRUB. (It boots via the EFI stub loader, which is built into the kernel itself.)
The boot\vmlinuz-3.11.0-15-generic.efi.signed entry launches the 3.11.0-15-generic kernel -- a slightly older kernel than the preceding one.
The "Boot Legacy OS..." option might launch a BIOS-mode version of GRUB -- you don't describe what happens when you select that option, so it's not really clear if it does this or is useful at all.

In any event, the big distinction here is between GRUB and the EFI stub loader. In most cases, both approaches to booting Linux work equally well, but sometimes one works better than the other. Personally, I dislike GRUB; IMHO it's bloated and unnecessarily complex. It's also an extra step in your boot path, given that you probably need rEFInd to manage your triple-boot on a Mac. OTOH, GRUB is the standard way of booting Ubuntu. Note that, although GRUB has just one entry in rEFInd, its own menu (if you set it to appear) will probably enable you to boot either of the two Linux kernels that rEFInd lets you boot directly.

Personally, I'd keep all of those three entries (GRUB and the two kernels), at least if they all work. The reason is that they give you multiple options to boot your computer; if one fails, you'll have the others as fallbacks. Note that your kernel selection is likely to increase as you upgrade your system and new kernels are released. You can keep the list to two or three by using sudo apt-get autoremove once the list grows beyond that limit.

If you want to remove entries, you have several options, most of which involve editing refind.conf (which is probably in /boot/efi/EFI/refind under Linux):

Add the filename(s) you want to avoid scanning to dont_scan_files. Note that hiding individual kernels in this way is inefficient, since you'll need to update the list when new kernels are installed. This could be a good way to hide GRUB, though.
Add the directory/ies where unwanted boot loaders are described to dont_scan_dirs. (For instance, boot to remove the Linux kernels or EFI/ubuntu to remove GRUB.)
Add the volume names associated with unwanted boot loaders to dont_scan_volumes. Note that this is the only dont_scan_* option that works with BIOS/CSM/legacy boot options; add any subset of the relevant name to block that entry.
To disable all disk-based BIOS/CSM/legacy boot options, uncomment scanfor and ensure that hdbios is not among the options. This is probably undesirable in your case, though, since you say you're booting Windows 7, and that usually boots in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. If you managed to install Windows in EFI mode, though, this might be a good option.
To remove both the kernel options, and all future kernel options, you can remove the EFI filesystem driver for your Linux filesystem from the drivers (or drivers_x64 or drivers_ia32, depending on your architecture) subdirectory of the EFI/refind directory on your ESP. This will render rEFInd unable to locate the Linux kernels, so those options will disappear. GRUB does not rely on these drivers, so it will continue to work.
BIOS/CSM/legacy options appear only when rEFInd thinks it's detected boot code on a disk's MBR or in a partition. Given the description of your "Boot Legacy OS..." option, rEFInd has probably found boot code in the MBR. (Bugs in some recent versions of rEFInd cause misidentification of the location, though, so if you're not using version 0.8.7, that identification may be incorrect.) Wiping the boot code can therefore remove an entry from rEFInd's menu. This approach is DANGEROUS, though. I recommend trying it only if you already understand how to do it, which is why I am deliberately not providing explicit instructions on doing it -- I could write a whole answer about how to do this task and it would still probably be incomplete.

The refind.conf options are described in more detail in comments within refind.conf and on the rEFInd configuration documentation page.


Assuming stock Ubuntu 20.04 with Xorg Server and Mutter window manager.

Window-positioning keyboard shortcuts (best and quickest solution candidate):
The first task is to get the mis-positioned window focused. You can get it focused by using the Alt+Tab cycle, or, in some configurations, through clicks on the app's icon in the dock.
With the window focused, the combination of a modifier key + arrow keys can position it such that it gets resized to the active monitor's exact size.
This modifier on 20.04 by default is the left Super key (the left "Windows" key).
(On older releases, the modifier was the Alt key, and in 20.04, through user preferences, Alt can still be made that modifier. But it's not the default any more.)
Super + up arrow will maximize the window size on the active monitor.
Super + left / right arrows will move the window to the corresponding side of the active monitor.
Again, each of these will resize the window to match the active screen's size.
Bonus:
Super + shift + left / right arrows will move the window to the next adjacent monitor. (This however will not resize the window, and will keep its disturbing offset, even if on the other monitor.)

Full-window-area click-drag:
Holding down a modifier key during a click-dragging mouse gesture makes the entire surface of the window available for click-dragging (not just the header).
This modifier key used to be Alt on older releases, and left Super (the left-side "Windows" key) on recent releases. Try both.

Tweaking the system monitor app's window geometry through gsettings API:
(Note: this is not available for all apps. System monitor however has this feature.)
gsettings get org.gnome.gnome-system-monitor window-state

and
gsettings get org.gnome.gnome-system-monitor maximized

seem relevant.
But both of these seem to get updated every time you close the system monitor window. So after you have already recovered the window to a usable position with mouse, or cursors, or anyhow, there is no point in setting these; they will just get updated again.
With that said, here is a command capable of restoring the window; from the above it can be seen that it has to be issued while there is no window open for system monitor:
gsettings set org.gnome.gnome-system-monitor window-state '(1000,800,50,50)'

Subsequently starting the app should place the window with the prescribed geometry.
See more info about window-positions here.


How to take the executable file of the particular software and install in other system?

This answer helps if you only need to move eclipse to another computer, with same OS, which is Ubuntu

There is a better generous solution in comments, given by user hash.

First of all you should find where exactly you eclipse installation folder is. Usually it is /usr/lib/eclipse. You can put it in tar sudo tar -pcvzf eclipse.tar.gz /usr/lib/eclipse, and copy to your another computer.

Then do this line by line on computer where you want to copy:

cd /usr/lib
sudo mkdir eclipse && cd eclipse
sudo tar -pxvzf /path_to_tar/eclipse.tar.gz

Then you should create symlink in /usr/local/bin/ to execute eclipse.
Create a file named eclipse in /usr/local/bin/, fill it with this:

#!/bin/sh

ECLIPSE=/usr/lib/eclipse/eclipse
if [ ! -d ~/.eclipse/ ] ; then
    $ECLIPSE -clean -initialize || exit $?
fi

exec $ECLIPSE "$@"

Give execute permission to this file:

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/eclipse

Now you should be able to run eclipse from terminal using eclipse command:

eclipse


How to pair computer with bluetooth hearing aids?

Open System Settings by clicking the "gear" icon in the top-right corner of your screen:

Under Hardware, you will see Bluetooth.
Open the Bluetooth sub-menu by clicking on that. Search for devices and press the Pair button that should be on your hearing aids.
You will then see your hearing aids appear in the list of devices.
Click on them to pair.


This is a simple thing. You try to MAKE INSTALL as a normal user, and a normal user can't put the files into those directories, because the user is not allowed to do that.

Try the following

make clean
make
sudo make install


How to set defaults of the new ubuntu version after an update?

Normally the dist-upgrade updates all core "programs", which are necessary for the new version. It also changes the repository's to the newer version and then update all programs, if not a update with the update-manager (or in the terminal) should solve this problem.

To be clear that the new repos are set:

Open update-manager
preferences
other software (the second tab on the left)
control if ubuntu raring main is checked

The default version of python in 13.04 is 2.7.4 (I made a clean install). But you can upgrade to python 3.


Location of start-up configuration files - Firefox launching at startup, Ubuntu MATE 16.04

If you want to either autostart or cancel autostart for any given app upon login, You can:

A) go to the Dash, and open "Startup Application". Select the application you want to not autostart anymore and hit the button "Remove".

or

B) go to yr terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) and type:

 $ cd ~/.config/autostart ; ls -AF

 # check that you see the file `firefox.desktop`

 $ mv firefox.desktop firefox.desktop_bak

You're done and the next time you launch a gui session, fx should not launch on its own.
You don't need to purge an app to prevent it from autostarting. The autostart config has nothing to do with the app itself.


Will my screen process continue after i log out?

Screen is meant to do exactly that. You can test this in advance by doing this:

$ sudo su -- # Note that you should use 2 dashes, here, if you use any (you don't have to, `sudo su` would do the same thing).
# screen
# # Press [enter].
# sleep 100 && echo foo
# # Press [ctrl]+[A], then [D].
# # Press [ctrl]+[D].
$ sudo su
# screen -r
# # You'll be shown the line you entered before, again. After some time (100 seconds after you entered the 4th line), "foo" will be printed.

All lines starting with $ are executed as a normal user. All lines starting with # are executed as root. # later in a line marks the beginning of a single-line comment.

In the first line, you log in as root. You should probably figure out whether it's necessary to run the Minecraft server as root.

In the second line, you enter screen.

Pressing enter is just to make the text screen shows you when you open it without parameters go away.

In the 4th line, a command symbolizing your Minecraft server is executed. It sleeps for 100 seconds and then prints "foo".

By pressing crtl+A and then D, you disconnect from the screen in the 5th line.

In the 6th line, you disconnect from the terminal session by pressing ctrl+D. Note that this leaves your terminal open as you are logged in as a regular user on a lower level. You only disconnect from the terminal session on the top level. Your logging out as root and may as well use exit to do this if it helps you to understand that you're really logging out. You can log out as the regular user, too. Just press ctrl+D, again. If this is the lowest level and you're on a tty, you'll be shown the login screen, again. If it's the lowest level and you're using a terminal emulator, the terminal window will close. There is absolutely no problem with this.

In the 7th line, you log in as root, again.

In the 8th line, the magic happens. You call screen with flag r which as taken from screen's man page (run man screen) means:

  Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.

Because you only have one session in screen, you get back to the right one.

After some time, "foo" will be printed on the screen which means that you'll see it on your terminal when you are connected to the screen or connect to it later. All your commands and their outputs will still be visible. Execution happens while you're not necessarily logged in.


Copy Server/Applications Settings and Data to New Ubuntu Install

If you are up for the learning experience, try backing up your current new /etc and then copying the files from /etc incrementally from the old drive to the new drive. As long as you arent changing versions of packages most software will gracefully handle that. There are however a few files that wont work, /etc/fstab being one prominent example. Also be careful with files in /etc/udev (as this will most likely contain hardware specifics, like MAC addresses of your networking hardware, etc)

If however you want to be on the safe side, just don't copy the files and manualy redo the changes.

Of course you could also use a tool like kdiff3 or similar to compare the differences and visually migrate the settings.

I personally would assume that the fact that you changed the admin username (I presume you mean user which you will be mainly using the computer with) might indeed cause some trouble, specifically with the SQL DBs as they tend to have the access rights stored somewhere within the DBs, however this could possibly be solved with an automated search and replace SQL statement. Additionally run grep -R with your old username over your old /etc directory and see if you get any hits other than the usual (passwd, shadow, groups) and improvise ;-)


Don't use cario dock, it sucks, it looks horrible on my mac OS mod

I suggest plank

sudo apt update
sudo apt install plank

Ubuntu 16.04-18.04


Update problems due to "installation of packages from not authenticated sources" error

Running sudo apt-get update from a terminal is likely to reveal more information about which is coming from the untrusted source. This generally just means that you don't have the key for that repo yet.

If you are sure that the PPA is one you are happy to use then you can add the key with a terminal

gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 36FD5529 28949509
gpg --export --armor 36FD5529 28949509 | sudo apt-key add -

Then update

sudo apt-get update

Hope that helps

If you want to add PPA's in future you can use the add-apt-repository command, this will get the keys as well for you.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:user/ppa-name

As far as the duplicate is concerned I would check your sources - you can open the file for editing as root and check for duplicates.

Backup the file first

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources/list.bak

Then

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Check for exact duplicates and put an # at the beginning of the line, save, exit and apt-get update.


There are a number of options for you.
First of all, there won't be a noticeable difference between setting up a dual boot system with Windows and Linux or just erasing Windows. Only one is running at a time, so you shouldn't have a problem. If you want to keep Windows and you have the hard disk space, go ahead and install Linux on its own partition (as long as you're willing to do the work and the research to get the partitioning right).

Otherwise, go ahead and install Linux on its own. It's the easiest and the quickest path.

As for which distribution you might like, that's a common linux question.
You'll want something fast and lightweight, but not too difficult to use. Ubuntu is great for beginners, so you seem to be on the right track.

Because you're so familiar with Windows, I would definitely suggest Lubuntu:
https://lubuntu.net

Xubuntu is a close second, however: https://xubuntu.org

You can try either one by using a live bootable USB. That way you can get a feel for them before making the decision. Make sure to get the appropriate 32-bit isos though.


Fist you need to install the andriod sdk tools. Even After installation if you are facing these error

then

You need create symbolic link.

Say your have installed the the andro-sdk in in home folder. Determine correct path for your installation

so, execute

sudo ln -s ~/android-sdk/platform-tools/adb /usr/local/sbin/adb

sudo ln -s ~/android-sdk/platform-tools/fastboot /usr/local/sbin/adb

to start adb deamon use

sudo adb start-server


Just as a hunch I'm adding your question to last 24 hours of problems:

Cannot reboot or shutdown after kernel update
After "security update" to 4.15.0-24-generic #26-Ubuntu screen shows log content not login
Why a system crash after latest kernel upgrade to 4.15.0-24?
Ubuntu desktop 18.04lts freeze whith usb wifi-dongle
Why did Bionic kernel update to 4.15.0-24 get removed from the repos?
Wake-on-LAN quit working with latest kernel (Bionic)
Long boot delay on Ubuntu loading/splash screen following regular dist-upgrade on clean SSD install (18.04)

If you're suffering the same as the rest the same answer applies:

Reboot
At grub menu select Advanced Options
Pick an earlier kernel to boot with
Monitor this site for bug reports and fixes
Wait for 4.15.0-25 to be released and carefully test it

In your case reboot and shutdown are broken so close all applications and do 10 second power button press.


How do I get a ZTE MF651 USB Modem working?

This is a bug in ModemManager. You should manually start DHCP client AFTER connection with NetworkManager, just type in the command prompt:

sudo dhclient usb0

Instead of UDEV rules you can use usb_modeswitch utility, see this thread: http://www.draisberghof.de/usb_modeswitch/bb/viewtopic.php?t=889


Ubuntu desktop keeps "resetting" and putting my cursor in lower-right of the screen

Do you have a touchscreen? My screen cracked and it caused some issues with the touchscreen. To fix it I opened up a terminal and typed the command 'xinput'. Under the pointer inputs I found the ID for my touchscreen then used the command
$ xinput disable your_id_here