Set sound device for individual applications using alsa

There is no system-wide GUI configuration for this.

Many programs allow to configure the ALSA device name.

ALSA's default hw and default devices, when not given a card number (i.e., not hw:0 but hw), use the ALSA_CARD or ALSA_PCM_CARD environment variables.
So you can start your programs with scripts that set these environment variables appropriately.


Good or Bad?: copy and paste the source.list of apt-get from another Ubuntu machine?

No, you shouldn't.

In this case, you are comparing machines with two different architectures.  I suppose your Ubuntu server is an Intel- or AMD-based 64 bits computer, whereas your Pine64 runs on a different processor architecture. Packages from one architecture will simply not work on another, and may mess up your OS.

I suppose not all packages that are available on common Intel-based 32- or 64-bit systems are available on the single-board Pine64. That is because they need to be ported (i.e. recompiled and linked) to that platform. It won't work to download the Intel-based and see if they run on the Pine64.

To see if a package is actually available, it is enough to try and sudo apt install it. If it can't be found, or apt runs into dependency problems, then it isn't available through the official repositories. You may still be able to download a .deb from somewhere, and some packages are architecture-independent (they may be plain-text Python programs, for instance). However, that will be different from one package to another.


Weird output of 12.04 server on terminal from the start

The OP answered the question in a comment. Here's the relevant part, with a few modifications for clarity.

What I did to resolve the issue was uninstalling nvidia-common, -current, etc. As root:

aptitude remove nvidia-common nvidia-current nvidia-settings xserver-xorg xinit i then installed nouveau-firmware
aptitude install nouveau-firmware xorg

Reboot.

The first part of the booting process still prints bogus messages. But that gets better when the correct drivers are loaded.


I cannot boot into windows 7 after installing ubuntu. BIOS-Boot partition error

Recently installed in dual boot mode Windows 10 + Ubuntu 16.04 with GPT partition table.
I used Rufus tool and followed this YouTube guide Dual Boot UBUNTU 16.04 LTS & Windows 10 :UEFI


Why Dash cant see new installed program?

The tar package from Eclipse does not include creating a launcher, you have just extracted the package, there was no installation.

You need to create a launcher and add it to dash for it to be available.

This question already has a explanation on how to do it, you just need to modify the path to the files (executable and icon) but the steps are the same.


Why doesn't the bootable USB show up in the BIOS?

try disabling secure boot from boot option menu and choose the boot method from Legacy boot menu as usb drive from there.
there may be some option other than F2 in boot screen to enter Legacy boot option menu.


Ubuntu 16.04 can't connect to http://google.com

Google Page loading slow or not at all:

There are two common reasons for the problem that you have expressed.

Add a reliable name server to your /etc/resolv.conf file:

Add this as the first uncommented line of your /etc/resolv.conf file:

nameserver 8.8.8.8

You can make this a permanent configuration by added the line to your /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head file.

Some systems have a problem with the IPv6 resolution.  You can disable the IPv6 with:

$ sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

Append this:

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

Run this command:

$ sudo sysctl -p

Details at: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WebBrowsingSlowIPv6IPv4

You can resort the IPv6 back to it's default state by removing the appended lines from the /etc/sysctl.conf.


How to use ssh to transfer files from computer a to local computer

To recursively copy a whole directory using scp, you need to add the -r switch

scp -r remotehost:/path/to/remote/dir/ /path/to/local/dir/


SMplayer Plays Video in Separate Window with no controls

Launch SMPlayer and go to Option > Preferences > General > Video (tab).  Then select "x11" for Output driver and click on the "Apply" button.

If it doesn't work try selecting another option for Output driver.


The selected configuration for displays could not be applied

**First need to install the restricted drivers for access to aticonfig

I had the same problem. Run sudo aticonfig --initial, to re-initialize your configuration files.

Now I'm not sure if restart was necessary here or not.

Now run 'sudo amdcccle' and you'll be able to configure dual display. Go to Display Manager and choose Multi-display desktop with display(s)... in Multi-Display tab for both monitors.
**restart after this,
Then disable the "mirror monitors" option in the Ubuntu display settings.


Display locks up when using laptop display and nvidia-337 from xorg-edgers, ctrl-alt-f1 breaks me out

Uninstalling the nvidia drivers with apt-get remove nvidia* or apt-get purge nvidia* will re-enable the nouveau drivers. I've had similar issues and had to check a few versions of the driver before I found one that actually worked on my system.


As of Ubuntu 16.04 systemd apport does not seem to honor its config file

The systemd commands to enable / disable apport are:

Disable

sudo systemctl disable apport.service

If that does not work, you would then need to mask the service

systemctl mask apport.service

To reenable

systemctl unmask apport.service # if you masked it
sudo systemctl enable apport.service

Previous versions of Ubuntu:

You need to edit /etc/default/apport. The following changes will prevent Apport from starting at boot:

Graphical:
Open a terminal with (CTRL+ALT+T) and type this:

sudo -i gedit /etc/default/apport

and then push ENTER. You password is being typed, but will not display as dots.

or

Command line:

sudo nano /etc/default/apport

A file editor is now open. Change enabled from "0" to a "1" so it looks like this:

enabled=1

To turn it off make it:

enabled=0

Now save your changes and close the file editor. Apport will now no longer start at boot. If you want to turn it off immediately without rebooting, run sudo service apport stop.

You can also use sudo service apport stop without modifying /etc/default/apport to turn it off temporarily.

See also:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Apport
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs#A4._Collect_information_about_the_bug


Can I contribute my compiled software to the repos

Some packages are updated by community members, but the bulk of the software in the Ubuntu repository are updated by Canonical.

They categorize their software broadly into supported and unsupported. Canonical provides updates for the former and community members can provide updates for the latter. See the wikipedia page for more information on the classifications.

It appears that Eclipse specifically is unsupported free software, so the packages must be managed by a community member. I was unable to find out who exactly, but it is likely someone on the Eclipse development side. In any event, any packages in the Ubuntu repos have to go through a thorough approval process so it may be more involved than simply uploading a package you download from the source website.


You probably can run it without acceleration by using this command in Blender's directory:

LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=1 ./blender


Is there a way, ideally using the command line, to convert multiple .csv files to one multi-sheet .xls spreadsheet?

You can use the command ssconvert.

ssconvert example.csv example.xls

To do it for multiple files you have to make a bash loop over csv files and do the job. Here a hint:

for i in *.csv; do ssconvert "$i" "${i%.*}".xls; done

EDIT:

To convert and merge into one single xls file also you still can use ssconvert.

ssconvert --merge-to=output.xls file1.csv file2.csv ....

or easily

ssconvert --merge-to=output.xls *.csv


I have solved it, using Ctrl+Alt+F2 I logged into terminal right before above showed screen appears. Because on that screen I couldn't do anything. After entering into terminal I tried to login using sudo user but it stucked into a loop. I mean I was entering correct password but again and again it was asking for login and password. It happened with me 3-4 month on another system but at that time it was on GUI. But this time I was already in terminal mode. Therefore I entered

User: root
Password: sudo user password

And finally I entered into system. First of all I checked the permissions of / folders
It all seems messed up than I also checked it this is messed up only in parent directory or in recursive/child directories also. But it appeared that it was only for parent folders only. Therefore from another system which was working perfectly I checked the permissions for all / directories. And converted them into numeric form using following command

stat -c %a /lib/
stat -c %a /bin/
stat -c %a /proc/

........ so on
Using those numeric permission I have changed the permission of corrupted system's directories.
like:

chmod 755 /bin

Remember I checked the recursive directories as well but there wasn't any messing up, that's why I didn't use any R option in chmod.

Once all permission changed all seems to work flawlessly as before.


DUP means duplicate packet.

From man ping:

    Duplicate and Damaged Packets

    ping will report duplicate and damaged packets. Duplicate packets should
never occur, and seem to be caused by inappropriate link-level
retransmissions. Duplicates may occur in many situations and are rarely
(if ever) a good sign, although the presence of low levels of duplicates
may not always be cause for alarm.

    Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often indicate
broken hardware somewhere in the ping packet's path (in the network or in the hosts).

There are different reasons for this, did you capture your network traffic with an interface in promiscous mode? Sometimes this is the reason for dupplicated packets.


Ubuntu 19.10 dual boot, can't find computer's harddrive for installation

Check in the bios whether the sata configuration is in RAID mode or AHCI mode.
If it is in RAID mode(!Important: Don't change the setting directly), restart windows in safe mode and change the option to AHCI and then check if the drive is recognised.


Gwenview on Ubuntu keep crashing when I start viewing it on fullscreen or playing slideshow

Gwenview is a KDE application. Although unlikely it maybe crashing because its expecting to be used on the KDE desktop. You can file a bug here
shotwell
Shotwell is a great photo manager and comes standard in the Ubuntu 14.04 Desktop install.


VirtualBox VM's menu not visible, can't insert Guest Additions media

The guest additions CD can only be mounted to an already exisiting virtual machine. This can be done in the machine's storage settings or much easier from the Devices menu of a running VM. To make the (global) menu visible the virtual machine needs to get focus.


You should install the nVidia drivers. A program or section of software center (depending on Ubuntu version) is available for your use. Within that utility, select and activate the nvidia driver(current is optimal but past versions can be selected if the current is broken for your setup). Authenticate if prompted to, and reboot when finished.

  Did you try to install the nVidia drivers by opening a program called Additional Drivers and activating a driver? It's OK if you're unsure, but it is something that is only done by manual user request and can cause changes that can cause the issue you are having.


Failed to init PPM/PPM reset failed on Ubuntu boot

I just typed sudo ubuntu-drivers install and my machine booted, and I was able to use my graphics card as normal.  (I have had trouble with nvidia drivers before so I feel pretty lucky that this worked.)


/etc/init.d/rsyslog {start | stop | restart} : Need this to work

The last answer is a way to solve the defense4all installation problem about "Failed to start rsyslog service".This problem is caused by the bug of rsyslog (maybe, I found on the other webs), you can use service rsyslog instead of /etc/init.d/rsyslog, so you can edit the file in defense4all code files to solve this problem.

In  the file:

../defense4all/dfapp.aggregate/src/install/config_rsyslog.bash

change the last sentences:

/etc/init.d/rsyslog stop > /dev/null

to:

service rsyslog stop

and:

/etc/init.d/rsyslog stop > /dev/null

to:

service rsyslog start

And then rebuild the project to create .deb or .rpm files.Hope this may help you.


The main difference is in the desktop environment (DE) and not in the installed applications.

(The main applications like Libre office suite and Firefox and Chromium internet browsers act ok in LXDE on computers that otherwise cannot cope with Ubuntu/Unity).

People say 'Ubuntu' to refer to the main Ubuntu release which uses Unity as DE.

Ubuntu-proper = Ubuntu OS + Gnome/Unity DE

Kubuntu = Ubuntu OS + KDE

Xubuntu = Ubuntu OS + Xfce DE

Lubuntu = Ubuntu OS + LXDE

(More here.)

The difference in resources used by Unity compared to LXDE is huge (from the point of view of my 1GB RAM PC).

LXDE/Lubuntu is the lightest, but it takes some more customization to make it look stylish (like this). (It's easy in fact.)

Xfce/Xubuntu is a bit heavier, but still light, KDE/Kubuntu is close to Gnome/Unity in the use of resources, the later being the heaviest.

For example I have a computer that is sluggish in KDE and Unity but works ok in Xfce/Xubuntu and is perfect in LXDE/Lubuntu.

You can install all the different DE that make up the Ubuntu family, try them, and then stuck to the one that best meets your needs and your computer's specs, but having them together is not very useful on the long run.

I have used Lubuntu on top of Xubuntu with no problems and do not think would be any problem to put it on top of Ubuntu-proper. In fact, a fresh install of Lubuntu would mean less stuff installed initially, that you could add afterwards anyway (like Libre Office for example). It all depends on your needs.


how to find which packages from official Ubuntu repositories need to be updated (in respect to current state)?

In the beginning, you'll want to update the package lists. You could simply use apt-get update, but since you only want the official sources, this would take unnecessarily long. To speed up things a bit, use the following:

apt-get update -o Dir::Etc::sourcelist='sources.list' \
-o Dir::Etc::sourceparts='-' -o APT::Get::List-Cleanup='0'

Now that your package lists are up to date, you have to get the URLs of the individual packages. The following code is borrowed from apt-fast, you might need to adjust it to your needs.

DLLIST="/tmp/packages.list"
# Add header to overwrite file:
echo "# package download list: $(date)" > "$DLLIST"
# We use --print-uris to get the uris of the packages instead of downloading them
for urimd5 in $(apt-get -y --print-uris upgrade |
    egrep "^'(http(s|)|(s|)ftp)://[^']+'.+ MD5Sum:\S+\s*$" |
    sed "s/^'\(.\+\)'.*MD5Sum:\(\S\+\)\s*$/\1::MD5Sum:\2/"); do
  uri="${urimd5%::MD5Sum:*}"
  checksum="${urimd5#*::MD5Sum:}"
  # Here we are checking if the package comes from the official sources,
  # only then it's written to the list:
  if [[ $uri == *ubuntu.com* ]]; then
    echo "$(get_mirrors "$uri")" >> "$DLLIST"
    echo " checksum=md5=$checksum" >> "$DLLIST"
    # Here you can specify where the files go.
    # Change path to the location where you want the packages to be downloaded.
    echo " out=/path/$(basename $uri)" >> "$DLLIST"
  fi
done

Now you have a list of the URLs to the package files you want to download at /tmp/packages.list. To download the packages, we use aria2c, which you can install from the default repositories by running sudo apt-get install aria2. Here we go:

aria2c -i $DLLIST

Just put the above together in your script. It will have to be run as root of course.


Cannot log in after migration from 16.04 to 18.04 -- opening log file fails?

I chose to encrypt my home folder back in 16.04 but this option is gone in 18.04. The default install doesn't contain the tools to deal with encrypted home folders anymore, so what we have here is an inaccessible home folder. (See here and here.)

While it seems possible to get access back (potential sources: this, this, and this), if you have a backup of your data there's an easier workaround.

  Warning: Destructive commands follow!

Log in in a different run level (e.g. Ctrl-Alt-F5) with the credentials you chose during setup.
sudo rm -rf all content of your home directory (check the hidden files).
sudo rm -rf /home/.ecryptfs
sudo chmod 700 /home/myuser

Now there's no trace of the encrypted home folder left, and the home folder is writeable again.

Note: Unless encryption was enabled for the whole /home partition, the home folder is no longer encrypted.


This might work, stop when you've fixed the issue:
 1. Install gparted by sudo apt-get install gparted or other means.
 2. Open gparted by sudo gparted.
 3. Navigate to the dead partition. Does gparted call it anything? Is it still unknown?
 4. Right-click the partition and hit "check". (you could also do sudo fsck /dev/sda1 if it fails)
 5. Attempt manual mount by doing sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt.
6. Navigate to /mnt and check if your files are there.
7. This is becoming dangerous now. Install testdisk by sudo apt-get install testdisk.
8. Run testdisk and scan your partition for missing partitions. If it finds something over your broken partition, you may try to overwrite the old copy with the new copy.
9. This is even more dangerous. This is NOT RECOMMENDED, but if you have no other option, it might still work. Reopen gparted.
10. Under Device, select "Attempt Data Rescue". If it does not work, keep going.
11. Delete (not format) your broken partition.
12. Under Device, select "Attempt Data Rescue" again.
13. Come back to askubuntu.com and look for other answers....I'm spent.


IPython subcommands won't work if you alias the "ipython" command

I feel a little foolish "answering" my own question when it really is a matter of pilot error.  On the other hand, other people might have the same problem I had, forgetting that we've cleverly aliased a common shell command, and then wondering why it no longer works as advertised.  This issue has bitten me several times.

The solution, if your ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bashrc files have "alias" commands in them and they don't work as expected, is to try calling the program by its explicit path.  In my case,

ipython somecommand somescript.py

triggers the shell's alias expansion, but

/usr/bin/ipython somecommand somescript.py

Does not.


It is slightly possible that you need to disable a feature in Windows called "Fast Startup." It's just something that Windows does to log the state of certain things in the Windows OS to help it boot faster. I have seen in a few dual-boot tutorials where they say that it's best to turn that off.

In Windows: right click the battery icon in the tray, select power options, select choose what power buttons do, select change setting that are currently unavailable, and uncheck fast startup.

There's at least a chance this will help at best, and it's a good practice at worst.


SOLUTION:

When I set update frequency to 50Hz, the monitor is started working correctly.

Steps:

gtf 2560 1080 50

# 2560x1080 @ 50.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 55.60 kHz; pclk: 188.60 MHz
  Modeline "2560x1080_50.00"  188.60  2560 2704 2976 3392  1080 1081 1084 1112  -HSync +Vsync

    xrandr --newmode "TEST" 188.60  2560 2704 2976 3392  1080 1081 1084 1112  -HSync +Vsync
    xrandr --addmode HDMI-3 "TEST"
    xrandr --output HDMI-3 --mode "TEST"

I added a script to autoload resolution with start system.

I got script from there => Script for autoload resolution

I created file .xprofile and changed script for my needs:

#!/bin/sh
MODE_NAME="ULTRAWIDE"
OUTPUT="HDMI-3"
CONNECTED_OUTPUT=$(xrandr --current | grep -i $OUTPUT | cut -f2 -d' ')

if [ "$CONNECTED_OUTPUT" == "connected" ];
then
# SET 2560x1080 50 HZ
xrandr --newmode "$MODE_NAME" 188.60  2560 2704 2976 3392  1080 1081 1084 1112  -HSync +Vsync
xrandr --addmode HDMI-3 "$MODE_NAME"
else
   echo "ULTRAWIDE IS NOT DETECTED !"
fi


How can I get sound on headphones without switching back to 'Speakers' manually?

Pulseaudio always tries to switch to a newly available audio port when it becomes available. To stop this we can edit our default.pa. This file is located in /etc/pulse (defining settings for all users) or in ~/.pulse (to override these settings for a single user). Just comment out this line to stop pulseaudio from switching ports as follows:

# load-module module-switch-on-port-available

To take effect we need to restart pulseaudio server with pulseaudio -k (or restarting our session).

  Whenever you edit the /etc/pulse/default.pa please make a backup first to be able to restore previous settings in case something goes wrong.


fingerprint reader Validity sensor 138a:0010 not recognised

Same issue has been reported and fixed.Please check the ubuntu launch pad link below for further details

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libfprint/+bug/827669


How can I rename the Desktop folder after changing the system language?

Modify the folder entries in the /home/<user>/.config/user-dirs.dirs file to make them fit your needs, to do it just open a terminal and execute : nano /home/<user>/.config/user-dirs.dirs
Press Ctrl + X to close the file and confirm the changes by pressing Y - log out and back in ...

Note : Replace <user> in the provided command with your user name.
Here an example with the default content of the user-dirs.dirs file ->

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

When you change the content of your file to matching these entries, all folders should be in English.
Additionally check the /home/<user>/.config/user-dirs.locale file if the content is en_US or another English language, if it's not change it : nano /home/<user>/.config/user-dirs.locale

Note : Sometimes logging out and back in for whatever reason is not sufficient, but a reboot "fixes" it.


Ubuntu 14.04 contains the tools to fix this problem. I will need to go back and take a look, but gparted, grub and bootrepair should provide the arsenal to fix this.

I think Boot Repair may be what you  are looking for. I remember I needed this to recover from a similar problem...

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

m2k1981's answer is also the best first step to take....

Other: Boot into the USB and run gparted (if not on the distro then get to terminal and run sudo
apt-get install gparted to take a look at what is going on but note: Editing partitions has the potential to cause LOSS of DATA.


Is there a way to change what time the update manager checks for updates?

Apt updates are triggered by a script called /etc/cron.daily/apt. /etc/cron.daily contains several scripts that happen every day, but all at the same time. In order to change the time when Update Manager updates, you need to change the time when all the /etc/cron.daily scripts fire off.

To do that you need to edit your /etc/crontab file:

sudoedit /etc/crontab # or: gksu gedit /etc/crontab

This is a fairly standard cron file that should look a little something like this:

# /etc/crontab: system-wide crontab
# Unlike any other crontab you don't have to run the `crontab'
# command to install the new version when you edit this file
# and files in /etc/cron.d. These files also have username fields,
# that none of the other crontabs do.

SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

# m h dom mon dow user  command
17 *    * * *   root    cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
25 6    * * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily )
47 6    * * 7   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly )
52 6    1 * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly )
#

From this we can see cron.daily triggers at 6:25am. If you wanted to start it at 4am, you'd replace the second times line with:

0 4    * * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily )

If you need more help with the format, Wikipedia has an unusually technical page on Cron.


The version of Wine in Ubuntu Software Center (official repos) is old and not well maintained.  Install the Ubuntu Wine PPA and try again:

 sudo apt-get remove --purge wine

 sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
 sudo apt-get update

 # resolve held pack packages that might be dependencies
 sudo apt-get upgrade
 sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

 sudo apt-get install wine


In /etc/pulse/default.pa, change this line:

load-module module-udev-detect

to:

load-module module-udev-detect tsched=0

This switches pulseaudio to the older scheduling mode and gets rid of the glitches.

Hope it helps!


Ubuntu 14.04 Laptop: Mouse cursor not moving but mouse buttons work

Try to update software... I had this problem, and all I know about it is that it is related to the default PS/2 driver on 14.04 (it don't support SynPS/2 -I have the same touchpad-). You can confirm it by using an USB external mouse: it will work.

Then, go to terminal:

sudo apt-get update

Enter your password, wait for updates. Reboot... if your Synaptics touchpad still don't work, then:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

Enter your password, wait for updates... with this packages you will get also some extras like Microsoft fonts. So you will see a license agreement on terminal... use the 'TAB' button on keyboard to select the 'Ok' option and press Enter.

Once your system is updated, reboot... your touchpad should work after it.

Abraham Medina


Libreoffice presentation - Highlight / draw during the talk

You also could use Open-Sankoré, or OpenBoard


Login keyring prompt appears twice on login

You did not say if you change your password (login) recently?

If you did it is a bet that a second folder in Password and Encryption (the keyring application) still answer to the old password.

You can change the password on the folder to the new password.


From man 7z:

-x[r[-|0]]]{@listfile|!wildcard}
              Exclude filenames

To exclude file (or types) you can use the following command:

  7z a -xr@exclude.txt backup.7z /whatever/dirs/or/files

Notice -xr instead of -x. The r indicates recursive so it can match excluded files in deep folder hierarchies

The file exclude.txt is a list separated by carriage returns like this:

*.epub
*.pdf
*.html
*.HTML
*.azw3
*.mobi
*.opf
*.txt


postgresql.service vs. postgresql@.service under /lib/systemd/system

Welcome to Ask Ubuntu.

There have been 3 init systems on Ubuntu. New systems are backwards compatible, but old systems are not forward compatible.

Software projects often package scripts for multiple init systems, since they may run on multiple systems. Ubuntu in turn installs multiple styles of init files, even though they are all not used, which is the case here.

The init.d file you found is the oldest style of init script, "SysvInit".

The "service" command you found is used for both "SysVinit" and "Upstart" init scripts, but on a systemd-based system, calls to use it effectively get redirected to systemd-equivalent commands, which is why modifying the "init.d" script had no effect.

The postgresql.service file you found is there you can manage a virtual "postgresql" service, which will start and stop all PostgreSQL services at the same time, without mentioning a particular version. You can see hints of what the file is for in the "@.service" file you found:

PartOf=postgresql.service
ReloadPropagatedFrom=postgresql.service
Before=postgresql.service

This seems like a poor use of a .service file. Using a .target unit is a more natural way to group together a collection of services.  You can check out man systemd.directives to find the document entries for all these directives if you want to understand their details.

The postgresql@.service file is a "template" file, so that multiple instances of PostgreSQL can be run on the same server with different versions, but started and stopped in a consistent manner.  This is the file to focus on. As a comment in the file suggests, you can use it to start  a particular version of PostgreSQL, like:

 systemctl start postgresql@9.3-main
 systemctl stop postgresql@9.3-main
 systemctl restart postgresql@9.3-main

Of course, you actually need to have the version of PostgreSQL installed that you are attempting to start or stop!

So, the PostgreSQL systemd setup allows you start or stop all PostgreSQL clusters at once, or stop and start a particular cluster.

For your use, focus on the systemd .service files and the systemctl service command.  There's no need to use the init.d or service commands when systemd .service files are provided.

See Also: SysV, Upstart and systemd init script coexistence.


Serg is (sort of) correct. If the output of cat /etc/fstab includes a line that mentions /boot/efi, you're booted in EFI mode (proceed to EFI). If it says something like "not found", or just outputs nothing, you're not in EFI mode. (proceed to BIOS)

EFI

This will be a list of commands to run, run them from top to bottom:

sudo grub-install --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=ubuntumate --target=x86_64-efi --recheck --debug

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntumate/grub.cfg

(I don't know if boot/efi/EFI/ubuntumate will be the path where GRUB is installed, you may want to do sudo ls /boot/efi/EFI and figure out if it's in GRUB or ubuntumate)

BIOS

Do sudo grub-install /dev/sda


Ubuntu 16.04 completely freezes when using Nvidia card

Hi I am also having the same problem with my NVIDIA Geforce 940M. However mine is on my laptop.

mylaptop@laptop:~$ lspci -k | grep -EA2 'VGA|3D'
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Broadwell-U Integrated Graphics (rev 09)
    DeviceName: Onboard IGD
    Subsystem: Pegatron Broadwell-U Integrated Graphics
--
04:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GM108M [GeForce 940M] (rev a2)
    Subsystem: Pegatron GM108M [Geforce 940M]
    Kernel driver in use: nvidia

When I run:

mylaptop@laptop:~$ prime-select query
nvidia

I am running ubuntu 16.04 64-bit.

Did you manage to fix your problem?


psensor doesn't show charts on Ubuntu 18.04

Its a really silly thing - this happened to my system as well, and here's how to fix it.

Grab to top-right corner of the p-sensor window and expand it a little
Grab the left edge of the pane with the list of sensors, and drag it to the right.

If you shrink the psensor window, by grabbing the right edge and moving left for example, it will consume the space used by the plot and not leave a handle between the plot and the list of sensors that you can see.

AFAIK the problem only occurs the second time you run psensors (I reinstall often) - after that, it seems to retain the window size and position settings.


(Answered by OP)

  Got it myself! when new jobs are inserted into /etc/init then the update is not noticed until the next check. Myscript is at lot faster then check frenquence so the update needs to be initiation ny hand:

  sudo initctl reload-configuration

  Now it works as expected.


How can I upload media with MiniDLNA media server or are there any DLNA servers that allow this?

The GNOME default DLNA server Rygel  claims to be able to support file upload when the following was set to true in /etc/rygel.conf

# Allow upload of media files?
allow-upload=true

You also will have to define the upload directories in case you are not using the default directories.

# Where music files should be saved if allow-upload is true
# Defaults to @MUSIC@, the standard music folder (typically ${HOME}/Music).
music-upload-folder=@MUSIC@

We have no experience how well Rygel operates with the XBox. On our systems here (Android, SmartTV) MiniDLNA is much more stable than Rygel but we do have to upload media to the server via traditional paths.

Also see:

Rygel project page


Copy file from one ubuntu to another ubuntu

You can send the backup file to the other Ubuntu using rsync or scp then you can delete the backup on your system or not

Use this link for learning rsync

RSync useful options:

    -r                      --> Recursive
    -b                      --> Backup
    -u                      --> Update (--inplace, --append)
    -d                      --> Transfering dirs without recursive
    -l                      --> Copy symbolics as symbolics
    -p                      --> Preserve permissions
    -E                      --> Preserve Executability
    -o                      --> Preserve OwenrShip
    -g                      --> Preserve Groups
    -t                      --> Preserve modifition time
    -z                      --> Compress
    -v                      --> Increase verbosity
    -a                      --> Archive mode
    -H                      --> Preserve hard links
    -e                      --> To run shell command on the remote server
    -e <protocol>           --> Over that protocol (e.g. ssh)
    -h                      --> Human readable
    -P                      --> Show the progress during the progress (SMILE), Same as --progress
    --safe-link             --> Ignore symbolic links that point out of the tree
    --existing              --> Ignore creating new files
    --ignore-existing       --> Ignore updating existing files
    --remove-source-files   --> Sender remove synced files
    --progress              --> Show the progress during the progress (SMILE)
    --log-file=FILE         --> Sending logs will be stored to FILE
    --include=PATTERN       --> Sync files that have PATTERN filter in themselves
    --exclude=PATTERN       --> Don't sync files that have PATTERN filter in themselves
    --max-size='SomeK'      --> Only send or recieve files less than SomeK

And some examples:

    rsync -t [Pattern (e.g. *.c)] [PurposeMachine]:Path
        Send all file with that pattern in the current dir to purpose machine in the path (if exist only send differences)
        e.g. rsync -t *.c foo:/src

    rsync -avz [Machine]:Path/dir PathHere :
        Download all files recursivly that are in the dir directory to the PathHere/dir
        File transfering is archive mode that means Symbolic links, devices, attributes, permissons, ownerships, etc are preseved
        e.g. rsync -avz foo:src/bar /data/tmp

    rsync -avz [Machine]:Path/dir/ PathHere :
        Download all files recursivly that are in the dir directory to the PathHere/
        File transfering is archive mode that means Symbolic links, devices, attributes, permissons, ownerships, etc are preseved
        e.g. rsync -avz foo:src/bar/ /data/tmp

    rsync -av NowHere/dir[/] /Dest :

    rsync -av [host]:: /Dest: [OR rsync -av [host]::moudle /Dest]
        All files in remote dir will be transfered


I found out the fix for this. You only have to do it once. Since you cannot log in to your username, use log in as a guest, open terminal and type random stuff. The keyboard does work! Log out of guest, choose your username. Done. I dont know if this is a real solution, but that is what I did and it worked :)


Is there a way to force Lubuntu screen resolution?

I did a bios unlock in the past on a old computer that allowed me to change the default resolution of the screen. Other than that I'm not sure if you can "force" a resolution not supported by default.


Use Ubuntu graphical desktop without monitor at boot

Ubuntu has a great "FEATURE" (ok, it actually sucks) that disables/stops booting your system (and/or) graphical system if there is no monitor. The devs weren't smart enough to allow the system to remember the last monitor attached and/or switch to a different display automatically if you start headless and then attach a different different monitor than before.

This post will help you out (best I can do):

How to remove the graphical user interface?

Look for the answer with lots of updvotes.

You can also do this if that answer doesn't work all the way:

Create an override file for you display manager in /etc/init/ and place the word 'manual' in it. So if you have 'lightdm' you would create a 'lightdm.override' with the single word 'manual' in it, and put it in the '/etc/init/' directory. You will need to use 'sudo' to create and edit the file. Same with the grub file in the link I provided.

You can start the xserver/GUI manually:

sudo service lightdm start

and to stop it:

sudo service lightdm stop


How can I enable hardware acceleration for flash on Intel graphics?

By using libvdpau-va-gl is a VDPAU driver  we can accelerate the flash player in terms of increasing its decoding speed.

To install it and configure the instruction are here . Open your terminal and type as
To install the latest Intel Drivers( if already installed , no need)

sudo apt-get install i965-va-driver

Then install libvdpau-va-gl

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libvdpau-va-gl1

instruct the adobe flash for hardware acceleration

sudo mkdir -p /etc/adobe
echo "EnableLinuxHWVideoDecode=1" | sudo tee /etc/adobe/mms.cfg
echo "OverrideGPUValidation=1" | sudo tee -a /etc/adobe/mms.cfg

suggest your browser for acceleration

VDPAU_DRIVER=va_gl firefox

Note: chrome was not up to this.

That's it. your flash will be fast more than usual.

credit goes


How to upgrade Ubuntu 16 LTS to 18 LTS after purge-ppa crash

In your particular case I'll recommend to force package installation with

sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/libefreet-bin_1.8.6-2.5_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/libethumb-client-bin_1.8.6-2.5_amd64.deb

and then resume with:

sudo apt-get -f install

and finally install newest dependencies with

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


Did not see this problem with Ubuntu LTS 10.04 and Ubuntu 10.10.

Everything works fine for me.

Installing and configuring Linux Ubuntu 10.04 LTS under Hyper-V


How to restore default menu in Ubuntu 18.04?

I think you'll find you are using Xubuntu 18.04 LTS and not Ubuntu 18.04 LTS  (though it's also possibly have started with Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and added xubuntu-desktop or XFCE to your system)

On the panel you can add additional items.

Your picture 1 shows the Whisker Menu.
Your picture 2 shows the Applications Menu (traditional XFCE menu)

You can use/add either one in your panel (right click on empty space on the panel, select panel preferences, go to Items tab and click "+" to add additional items. Once added you can move them to where you want, or use "-" to remove unwanted items.  You can use either one, even both (I do, but I have multiple panels spread across my displays).

I suspect you'll find you are using Xubuntu 18.04 LTS though.

OP (@Bhaskar) provided the following

> --> Add New Items
> Step 2: Search for Whisker Menu
> --> Select the Item
> --> Click on Add Step
> 3: Whisker Menu came up in the top right corner
> Step 4: Right click on top panel
> --> Remove
> --> Application Menu Step
> 5: Right click on Whisker Menu
> --> Move (Dragged the menu from right to left corner).
> Now the menu is fully accessible through key strokes.
> Thank you for the solution.


How to change desktop shell to only gedit and wallpaper?

try using enlightenment desktop it can be managed so you have nothing on screen at all exept right click menu where all apps and stuff.


Upgraded Ubuntu 15.04 to 15.10, and Unity graphical elements not showing up

Hi I had the same problem you can install the compiz-config-manager from terminal and then just tick the unity box and enable unity from there

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager


This is most likely a misconfigured Grub boot loader. If you have a bootable Ubuntu installation disc or USB stick, boot from there. Choose “Try Ubuntu” to boot into the live desktop environment. From there, Ubuntu will automatically detect the messed up Grub configuration and present a wizard to help you fix it. Follow the steps and, so long as there is no hardware failure causing the issue, you’ll be good to go.
The kernel version you reported is for Ubuntu 16.04. If you don’t have a bootable disc or USB stick for 16.04, you can use one for 20.04 or 20.10 safely without losing any of your data. Just remember to choose “Try Ubuntu”, not “Install”
Hope this helps.


How do I install a driver provided as source code?

Open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T
Install the build-essential package with:

sudo apt-get install build-essential
Change the directory to the extracted driver folder; suppose it's under your home directory as Downloads/driversource, with:

cd ~/Downloads/driversource
Type make && sudo make install

This should build and install the driver. You will probably need to reboot to activate the installed driver.


How to get desktop notification for new mails using mutt?

I know this is a 1-year old question, but aside from hacking a script to run mutt, you could just get some third-party app that checks your mail for you.

I use Mail Notification and I've been enjoying it, don't have to rely so much on my tablets informing me of mail.


Missing operating system message after installing Ubuntu 12.04 on Windows 7 and Windows 8

Stop using your computer now.  You might of allow Ubuntu to use your whole disk and had Ubuntu overwrite your data.  Put your Ubuntu install disk and use TRY UBUNTU. Go to top left corner of screen, and click on the top button[DASH]. Type in disks and click on the disks button.  Hopefully you will have three or more partitions showing.  Two will be NTFS, these are your Windows partitions,  and one should be ext4, this is Ubuntu.  If you see this setup, you might only have to mount your windows partitions.  Do this by clicking on one of the NTFS partitions, and go to the small box on the bottom, left side, click on the first button.  If you only see one large partition, not do anything else on your computer, til you receive more help. You might be looking at data recovery, which I can not help with, hopefully someone here can help you with that. Only use the install disk or another computer till you get more help.  Good luck. Colin


Dual boot in windows 10 with unallocated disk space

You are supposed to get that warning about Hybrid Image. You will know if you read Offical Tutorial on creating bootable USB with Windows.

It can most certainly mess up if you do not do it properly. So like mikewatever said it is better to have backups and the installation wizard will not assign the free space automatically.

But you should be fine if you choose the Something Else option during installation. You can read this guide to get an idea how to do this. You will be fine with only th / partition. Select the free space and press the + button to create this.


How does one register an IP without DCHP?

DHCP is a method for automatically register machines in a local DNS server. If you are running Linux on the laptops as well, assign an IP address to each of the machines by editing the hosts  file.

sudo vim /etc/hosts
add the following line, change the IP address accordingly.
192.168.1.2 laptop1

Or, use NetBIOS Name Service for Windows and multicast DNS for Mac.


Press escape on that screen, any error messages?
My suggestion would be to uninstall whatever packages seemed to break your system. Type [CTRL] + [ALT] + [F1] and login with your username and password. Use sudo apt-get remove PACKAGE to remove the files that broke your system.


How to block prefix+websites combinations temporarily?

This can be done by configuring your firewall to block traffic in/out.

The network ranges in use by Facebook, which is your example turns out to be four subnets ( I've used whois to get them , there are many other methods ..)

31.13.64.0/18
66.220.144.0/20
69.171.224.0/19
69.63.176.0/20

You can filter out those addresses by using UFW OR iptables so if you have UFW installed run :

sudo ufw reject out to 31.13.64.0/18
sudo ufw reject out to 66.220.144.0/20
sudo ufw reject out to 69.171.224.0/19
sudo ufw reject out to 69.63.176.0/20

Else you can install it with sudo apt-get install ufw or just use directly iptables by running those commands with root access:

iptables -A OUTPUT -d 31.13.64.0/18 -j REJECT
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 66.220.144.0/20 -j REJECT
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 69.171.224.0/19 -j REJECT
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 69.63.176.0/20 -j REJECT


Monitor system usage to fix power consumption issues

For your boot performance, see systemd-analyze.

Your network chip likely uses a lot less power than your display.

From my recent experience with Kubuntu 19.10, a good deal of power is wasted by the external GPU. If you have a system with both an integrated Intel GPU and an external NVidia GPU, there are ways to activate the NVidia chip only when needed (google for "optimus").


How do i remove rtl8723de modules using dkms

Please do:

sudo modprobe -r rtl8723de
sudo dkms remove rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414 --all
sudo depmod -a

Reboot and check:

sudo dkms status


Claymore miner not work with screen or tmux

cd /home/Desktop/claymore
su aman -c "screen -dmS ethm ./start_only_eth.bash"

There's multiple problems with this. First of all, the path is likely to be /home/username/Desktop/claymore. Second, the cd affects the current script, and is likely not carried over to screen, across the su.

Try:

su aman -c "screen -dmS ethm /home/username/Desktop/claymore/start_only_eth.bash"

If the script start_only_eth.bash requires to have PWD set to that directory, place a line with

cd /home/username/Desktop/claymore

as the second line of the script.

Replace username with the actual username.


Where does Seahorse/GNOME keyring store its keyrings?

In Ubuntu 17.10, this is found under ~/.local/share/keyrings


I found a solution to this on this thread:

https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/1024022/linux/gtx-1060-no-audio-over-hdmi-only-hda-intel-detected-azalia/post/5216905/#5216905

Guide:

The first file should be created at /usr/local/bin/ and named fix-hdmi-audio.sh and should contain:

#!/bin/sh
setpci -s 01:00.0 0x488.l=0x2000000:0x2000000
rmmod nvidia-uvm nvidia-drm nvidia-modeset nvidia
sh -c 'echo 1 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:01:00.0/remove'
sh -c 'echo 1 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:01.0/rescan'
modprobe nvidia nvidia-modeset nvidia-drm nvidia-uvm

The second file should be created at /etc/systemd/system/ and named fix-hdmi-audio.service and should contain:

[Unit]
Description=nVidia HDMI Audio Fixer
Before=systemd-logind.service display-manager.service
After=module-init-tools.service

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/fix-hdmi-audio.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Now run these two commands in the terminal after copying the above files:

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/fix-hdmi-audio.sh

systemctl enable fix-hdmi-audio.service


I once implemented a similar idea, as a shell function, that I call psg (for "ps|grep")

psg() {
    local -a patterns=()
    (( $# == 0 )) && set -- $USER
    for arg do
        patterns+=( "-e" "[${arg:0:1}]${arg:1}" )
    done
    ps -ef | grep "${patterns[@]}"
}

This uses a trick of putting the first character of the pattern in brackets, so you get

ps -ef | grep "[s]omename"

This allows you to drop the grep -v grep part of the pipeline.

If you don't pass any arguments, it uses your username to search for your processes.


Help with major software issues after unlicensed windows 7 install over Ubuntu

When you buy a computer with Ubuntu pre-installed you either get a DVD with the operating system on it, or it will be on a recovery partition or you are told to download it yourself and burn the download to a DVD. The last option works if you have a system with an internet connection and a DVD burner. The one before that works but you need to check your hard disk if there is a recovery partition and figure out what keys you need to press during boot to get it activated.

Computers with Ubuntu pre-installed are generally NOT sold with a Windows license. Ubuntu can run on very old hardware. A machine that is sold with Ubuntu might have hardware in it that Microsoft does not support or no longer supports so Windows 7 is not possible to run on it (Microsoft would like you to buy the newest hardware to run their latest product)

So yes, your problems will fix itself if you re-install Ubuntu. You might also get a working machine installing an older Microsoft product (like Windows XP. I am not saying that an obsolete operating system is a good option though).


Intel Apollo Lake (J3455) random frequent freezes on UI and MCE error on boot

I'm in the same boat as you with a ASRock J4205-ITX running Ubuntu 16.10.
mcelog output is identical with yours but I did not experience freezes while the system is running, possibly because I'm using it as a headless server.

However, there seems to be a random problem with the gpu when booting with a monitor attached. Ubuntu boots up fine and the system is accessible via ssh but the attached monitor does not display anything (no startup messsages and no shell login). I played around with grub parameters but it's still a hit & miss.

It might be kernel related or a hardware error. Unfortunately, this is all I can tell you.


Persistent live install, stop auto login SDDM

I found an hacky solution:

Edit the file /etc/systemd/system/display-manager.service

In section [Service] in key ExecStartPre, add

rm -f /etc/sddm.conf;

Just before the [.


Rename Duplicate Files when using SCP (Secure Copy)

I believe that you will not be able to do this with scp alone. Your best bet would be to use rsync over ssh with something like the following additional options:

--backup --suffix=_`date +"%m%d%Y_%H%M"` --backup-dir=DIR

Some relevant sections of the man pages for rsync:

-b, --backup
   With this option, preexisting destination files are renamed as  each  file  is
   transferred  or  deleted.  You can control where the backup file goes and what
   (if any) suffix gets appended using the --backup-dir and --suffix options.

--suffix=SUFFIX
    This option allows you to override the default backup  suffix  used  with  the
    --backup  (-b) option. The default suffix is a ~ if no --backup-dir was speci-
    fied, otherwise it is an empty string.

--backup-dir=DIR
     In combination with the --backup option, this tells rsync to store all backups
     in the specified directory on the receiving side.  This can be used for incre-
     mental backups.  You can additionally specify a backup suffix using the --suf-
     fix option (otherwise the files backed up in the specified directory will keep
     their original filenames).

This should be able to be massaged to fit your needs. Below is a basic test, you will doubtless have other options including ssh, to add in:

rsync -av --backup --suffix=_`date +"%m%d%Y_%H%M"` --backup-dir=backup test1/ test2/

So with this in place:

A file is transferred from test1 to test2
If this file already exists on test2, but the transferred file is newer, the 'remote' file is updated, and importantly:
The original file on test2 is backed up to test2/backup with an incremental date and time suffix added

Pretty cool? And I suspect exactly what you are looking for. Note that I have used a relative path for the backup directory, an absolute path can also be used...


Removing gnome from Ubuntu 18.04 after changing to KDE Plasma

I was having the exact same question and found this https://superuser.com/a/134696/200565

Apparently we can use tasksel to also uninstall one of the environments, I have not tried yet but it would be like sudo tasksel remove ubuntu-desktop.


How to add more space to fileroot folder Ubuntu

It sounds like you have two partitions:  a home partition (w/ 166gb free) and a root partition (max 8gb).

This may be the answer you seek: What do I do when my root filesystem is full?


The issue has been resolved. After installing the Ubuntu 14.04, install the Ubuntu Restricted Packages from Ubuntu software center. Successful installation of this allow the VLC to install properly.

Regards,
Bainab


I wrote myself a little guide based on info that actually worked for me online. Hopefully it can help someone.

INSTALL PLEX

CREATE 'PLEX' FOLDER UNDRE PRIMARY USER E.G /home/ntuser/PLEX

WHEN ADDING LIBARY TO PLEX ADD UP TO .../.../PLEX

Install Plex Media Server Ubuntu 16.x and Later

Add the Plex repository GPG key and add Plex the plex repository, you can copy and paste the whole block into your SSH session

If you get the key is not found error then it may have changed name, find the .key file from here and replace it in the wget line

wget -O - http://shell.ninthgate.se/packages/shell.ninthgate.se.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb http://shell.ninthgate.se/packages/debian jessie main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/plex.list

sudo apt update

Install the Plex Media Server on Ubuntu 16.x and later

sudo apt install plexmediaserver -y

YOU HAVE TO INSTALL .DEB MANUALLY!!!! SEE INSTALL DKPG INSTALL

See if you can connect at http://ip.address:32400/web or http://ip.address:32400/manage/index.html#!/setup

Plex Media Server will autostart on boot ??

Fix Plex Permission Issues

If you are getting permission issues it is because Plex runs as its own user, there are two options: change permissions of the downloads folders or change the user Plex runs as – you can do both but option 1 should suffice.

If Plex isn’t showing your folder so you can add you videos then this will fix it.

To change permissions of your media folders, first add the plex user to your main user’s group

sudo usermod -aG ntuser plex

Then set the permissions of your media folders to 775 so your group (and the plex user member of that group) can execute files

sudo chmod -R 775 /path/to/media


Ubuntu Automatically Logs out as the Software Center is opened

I managed to solve this problem by removing 'swapspace'. For some unknown reason 'swapspace' was conflicting with ubuntu 13.04

Just type in:

sudo apt-get purge swapspace


When I try to add repositories, why are ubuntu's keyservers timing-out?

(OP has solved the issue and posted answer as a comment)

  Apparently the answer is to spend hours on myriads of troubleshooting
  only to discover you are blocking yourself via firewalls. Still seems
  odd that DNS errors would propagate from firewall blockage, but
  alas... it worked


Connecting to an MS SQL database and using Libreoffice as the frontend

I am not clear if you are using windows or linux clients, so ...

There is a whole wiki page on how to configure just this here:

http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/Connect_MySQL_and_Base

It describes configuration for windows and linux clients, including Ubuntu.

Edit for a MS SQL database see

http://www.finefrog.com/2008/04/14/connecting-to-an-mssql-server-and-others-with-openofficeorg/

It appears to be working from the comments, but I do not have a MS SQL server to confirm.


How to find recent files in Ubuntu 20.04 activities overview?

This extension might be what you're looking for:
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/72/recent-items/


Can the newest IPAD-pro run Ubuntu as a VM under an app such as VMware?

You can use something like UTM (https://getutm.app/) to get a VM running on iOS or iPadOS. But this uses emulation which is slower than virtualization.
Yet you will need a bit of tinkering, with sideloading/jailbreaking, to get it up and running see (https://getutm.app/install/).
Apple A-Series SoC's do not support virtualization on iOS/iPadOS devices although with the new 2021 iPad's this might change since they include the Apple M1 SoC that supports virtualization.


Been trying to install OpenVpn and Mullvad. followed many sets of instructions

No you can't, the only way you could do this is to go over your terminal history (kb up arrow) and then look for ways to undo commands, but this will require you to understand every single command you ran.

Some advice for you, try to avoid entering commands you don't understand, need some enlightenment use the manual to understand better, copy pasting loads of commands will inevitably cause a lot of issues, asking the meaning of commands and arguments would be on topic here, so ask, if you are not sure.

If you must run commands you don't understand, then back up the system first, so if you cause an issue you can just roll back.

Without knowing all the commands you entered and the context with which you entered them, there is no way anyone can help you, but, regardless, you say eight hours worth of commands, there is no way that can be undone here.

If it bothers you then, reinstall seems the best way to go.

Don't be disshartened by breaking your system, trial and error is the best way too learn, just back up first.


How do I remove the extra Ubuntu option on the Windows Boot Manager menu?

For Windows Vista, 7 or 8, run bcdedit as an administrator (hit Windows key, type cmd, look above and right-click CMD.EXE and select Run as administrator).

This will list the Windows Boot Manager entries:

C:\Windows\system32>bcdedit

Windows Boot Manager
--------------------
identifier              {bootmgr}
device                  partition=\Device\HarddiskVolume2
description             Windows Boot Manager
locale                  en-US
inherit                 {globalsettings}
default                 {current}
resumeobject            {1476af5e-e5bc-11de-b180-0024543ae029}
displayorder            {current}
                        {1476af63-e5bc-11de-b180-0024543ae029}
toolsdisplayorder       {memdiag}
timeout                 10

Windows Boot Loader
-------------------
identifier              {current}
device                  partition=C:
path                    \windows\system32\winload.exe
description             Windows 7
locale                  en-US
inherit                 {bootloadersettings}
recoverysequence        {1476af60-e5bc-11de-b180-0024543ae029}
recoveryenabled         Yes
osdevice                partition=C:
systemroot              \windows
resumeobject            {1476af5e-e5bc-11de-b180-0024543ae029}
nx                      OptIn

Real-mode Boot Sector
---------------------
identifier              {1476af63-e5bc-11de-b180-0024543ae029}
device                  partition=C:
path                    \ubuntu\winboot\wubildr.mbr
description             Ubuntu

C:\windows\system32>

Note the Real-mode Boot Sector entry that has a description of Ubuntu. Copy and paste the identifier and then delete it as follows (in my case):

bcdedit /delete {1476af63-e5bc-11de-b180-0024543ae029}

For Windows XP, you can edit C:\boot.ini. I recommend making a backup first as an error can prevent Windows from booting. Also you should edit it as follows:

Right-click My Computer, and then click Properties.
On the Advanced tab, click Settingsunder Startup and Recovery.
Under System Startup click Edit.
Delete the line C:\wubildr.mbr = "Ubuntu"


Copied binary to /usr/local/bin.

This location is for normal user programs not managed by the distribution package manager, e.g. locally compiled packages. This prevents these softwares from being deleted when system upgrades. This usage is the de facto convention. As was said in comments, there is not an unique location for copying packer binary to.

Also, this path is already in the $PATH environment variable.


change ssh port but i did not add port to firewall

i fixed the issues
i use VNC connection also some way than can be useful
use PHP script to execute Linux command line
use ftp with root access if you are not use sftp
contact to your server's support


Ok, so the solution is:

wget https://github.com/gnebehay/gnebehay.com/raw/master/contents/blog/lenovo-flexpad-bluetooth-debian/BCM43142A0-105b-e065.hcd
sudo cp BCM43142A0-105b-e065.hcd /lib/firmware/brcm/BCM.hcd

Then turn off and turn on (not restart).

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1509803/comments/87


Is there a login theme like mac for my ubuntu 12.04 LTS?

Yes, from this google search I found this video and then this github page with good instructions.

Please do research before asking here.

Also, this might help, as might this.

However, if you want it identical, why not buy a mac? They're different OSs, and while Ubuntu/Linux is highly customisable, there are some things it isn't built for. The login screen looks nice as it is, and works. Do you have a specific reason for requiring it look identical to a mac?


Windows doesn't start anymore from the grub boot menu

Edit /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Find the Windows menu entry (looks like)

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry 'Windows 10 (loader) (on /dev/sdXX)'

After

chainloader +1

Write

ntldr /bootmgr

It did the trick.


Can't find menu? I need it to connect to my wireless internet

Firstly, goto " System Settings" on the taskbar. Next, click on network, and then, you should see "Wireless". Click on it and slide from off to on at the top right hand corner.


Wine provides information on application compatibility with Wine in it's official website under: Wine Application Database


I am getting Input/output error while opening a folder in 12.04

It is likely that your Data disk may be dying or at least have it's filesystem corrupted (which, again, is often a symptom of the disk dying).

Firstly make sure you have backups of all important data on that disk.

Then you can check S.M.A.R.T. status of the drive and run self-checks. If the checks say the drive is OK then run a filesystem check utility, depending on the type of filesystem you have on that drive.

Read the wikipedia article
Install smartmontools package
Read Ubuntu wiki
Run "long" or "extended" test on the drive with sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sdX, wait for it to finish, see if the test completes successfully, possibly paste the output of sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdX here


Resolve Firefox dpkg error when reinstalling

Create a file called firefox on your desktop (at ~/Desktop) and copy the following text into it.

#!/bin/sh

set -e

# Firefox launcher containing a Profile migration helper for
# temporary profiles used during alpha and beta phases.

# Authors:
#  Alexander Sack <asac@jwsdot.com>
#  Fabien Tassin <fta@sofaraway.org>
#  Steve Langasek <steve.langasek@canonical.com>
#  Chris Coulson <chris.coulson@canonical.com>
# License: GPLv2 or later

MOZ_LIBDIR=/usr/lib/firefox
MOZ_APP_LAUNCHER=`which $0`
MOZ_APP_NAME=firefox

export MOZ_APP_LAUNCHER

while [ ! -x $MOZ_LIBDIR/$MOZ_APP_NAME ] ; do
    if [ -L "$MOZ_APP_LAUNCHER" ] ; then
        MOZ_APP_LAUNCHER=`readlink -f $MOZ_APP_LAUNCHER`
        MOZ_LIBDIR=`dirname $MOZ_APP_LAUNCHER`
    else
        echo "Can't find $MOZ_LIBDIR/$MOZ_APP_NAME"
        exit 1
    fi
done

usage () {
    $MOZ_LIBDIR/$MOZ_APP_NAME -h | sed -e 's,/.*/,,'
    echo
    echo "      -g or --debug          Start within debugger"
    echo "      -d or --debugger       Specify debugger to start with (eg, gdb or valgrind)"
    echo "      -a or --debugger-args  Specify arguments for debugger"
}

moz_debug=0
moz_debugger_args=""
moz_debugger="gdb"

while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
    case "$1" in
        -h | --help )
            usage
            exit 0
            ;;
        -g | --debug )
            moz_debug=1
            shift
            ;;
        -d | --debugger)
            moz_debugger=$2;
            if [ "${moz_debugger}" != "" ]; then
          shift 2
            else
              echo "-d requires an argument"
              exit 1
            fi
            ;;
        -a | --debugger-args )
            moz_debugger_args=$2;
            if [ "${moz_debugger_args}" != "" ] ; then
                shift 2
            else
                echo "-a requires an argument"
                exit 1
            fi
            ;;
        -- ) # Stop option processing
            shift
            break
            ;;
        * )
            break
            ;;
    esac
done

if [ $moz_debug -eq 1 ] ; then
    case $moz_debugger in
        memcheck)
            debugger="valgrind"
            ;;
        *)
            debugger=$moz_debugger
            ;;
    esac

    debugger=`which $debugger`
    if [ ! -x $debugger ] ; then
        echo "Invalid debugger"
        exit 1
    fi

    case `basename $moz_debugger` in
        gdb)
            exec $debugger $moz_debugger_args --args $MOZ_LIBDIR/$MOZ_APP_NAME "$@"
            ;;
        memcheck)
            echo "$MOZ_APP_NAME has not been compiled with valgrind support"
            exit 1
            ;;
        *)
            exec $debugger $moz_debugger_args $MOZ_LIBDIR/$MOZ_APP_NAME "$@"
            ;;
    esac
else
    exec $MOZ_LIBDIR/$MOZ_APP_NAME "$@"
fi

Open the terminal and type:

sudo cp ~/Desktop/firefox /usr/bin/

The results of apt-cache policy firefox show that Firefox is still installed. Remove everything that Firefox installed and reinstall Firefox.

sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq firefox # remove existing firefox package
sudo apt install firefox


How do I set my bluetooth keyboard's layout setting?

Old bluetooth pairings might not be 100% compatible with newer/upgraded Ubuntu 11.10.

Simply remove the keyboard from the list of paired devices, then "re-pair/reconnect" it.
Use the "connect" button underneath the keyboard.

Once it's been paired again, the correct layout should be active.

It's generally a good idea to unpair/re-pair all bluetooth devices after a system upgrade, as the bluetooth profiles and drivers has been updated.
New features won't activate until a device has been paired anew.


What is the sed comand to fix this file so second to last boolean is converted to opposite

Try awk:

awk -F, 'BEGIN{a["\"true\""] = "\"false\""; a["\"false\""] = "\"true\""; OFS=","} {$(NF - 3) = a[$(NF - 3)]}1'

This assumes that the third last field of each record is a "true" or "false".

The following tests if the third-last field is "true" or "false":

awk -F, 'BEGIN{a["\"true\""] = "\"false\""; a["\"false\""] = "\"true\""; OFS=","} $(NF -3) in a {$(NF - 3) = a[$(NF - 3)]}1'


How to install the Jason plugin for jEdit?

The installation instructions aren't telling you to run run bin/jason.sh. They're saying to run bin/jason.sh.

Suppose you wanted to put the Jason folder in your home folder:

cd # changes to your home folder

# change URL for different version or different mirror
wget http://superb-dca3.dl.sourceforge.net/project/jason/jason/version%201.4.1/Jason-1.4.1.tgz

tar xf Jason-1.4.1.tgz

cd Jason-1.4.1

Either or both of those steps can be performed with the GUI (via a web browser and archive manager). If you did it that way, then to continue, type cd followed by a space, drag the Jason-1.4.1 folder into the Terminal to paste its full path (the version number may be different, if you're reading this in the future), then press Enter.

A couple notes about permissions and privileges:

The Jason archive you download contains files whose permissions have to be set a certain way in order for Jason to run properly (or, in some cases, at all). It appears, based on some of the information you've recently provided, that jason.sh is not set as executable.

Maybe you downloaded the .zip file instead of the .tgz. A .zip archive does not typically preserve executable and other Unix-style permissions. As there are many more files than just jason.sh that rely on having the correct permissions, the correct solution is to start over using the .tgz file. This is one of the options when you download Jason.
31 other files in the archive are supposed to be marked executable, which is why just setting the permissions for that one file is probably not the best fix, even if you are able to do so. Several of those other files are also scripts or programs and thus clearly do need those permissions. (For some it seems odd they're +x, but it's not applied indiscriminately--other files in the same dirs with the same suffixes are -x.)

Or: Maybe the drive you've extracted the .tgz archive to is an NTFS or FAT32 drive, or some other drive that doesn't support Unix-style permissions. Then every file will have the default permissions for files and every folder will have the default permissions for folders, set when that filesystem was mounted. You can change those defaults, but you probably shouldn't--then you'd have all sorts of files marked executable that aren't supposed to be. Instead, extract Jason-1.4.1.tgz somewhere like your home folder where Unix-style permissions are supported.

Or: Maybe the drive you've extracted the .tgz archive to is mounted with the noexec option. This is the least likely (especially based on the information you've since provided), since permissions can still be changed on noexec filesystems, the files on them just can't be run as executables. But if this is the case, the solution is the same--move the archive somewhere else and extract it there.
Assuming you're putting Jason in your home folder as above, this copy should belong to your user. You don't need to--and shouldn't--perform any action as root (with sudo or otherwise) as part of the installation. You also almost certainly should not run Jason as root (even if you did install it systemwide).

Now that you're in the Jason-1.4.1 folder, run the jason.sh script located in the bin subfolder by issuing the command:

bin/jason.sh

Provided you have all the required dependencies (e.g., Java), it should run Jason.

This is good for verifying Jason works, but most of the time you'll probably want to run it from the GUI. There's two main ways.

You can make make it so Nautilus will run shell scripts (provided they're marked executable) when you double-click on them:

How do I run executable scripts in Nautilus?

Or you can create a launcher to run the script:

How can I create launchers on my desktop?
How to add a shell script to launcher as shortcut
How can I add a bash script to the Unity launcher?
How can I edit/create new launcher items in Unity by hand?

You'll probably want to make a launcher. For convenience, here's one way to do that.

This is based on this answer and that one. (If you're using the MATE desktop environment, use mate-desktop-item-edit in place of gnome-desktop-item-edit.)

Right-click on your desktop and click Create Launcher... or, if you don't have that option, run gnome-desktop-item-edit --create-new ~/Desktop.
For Type, keep Application.
For Name, put Jason (or whatever you like).
For command, enter the fully qualified path to jason.sh or browse for it (with the Browse... button). Mine is /home/ek/Jason-1.4.1/bin/jason.sh. If you're using the same version of Jason and you followed the instructions above, just replace ek with your own username.

If you're in the Terminal where you ran bin/jason.sh successfully, running readlink -f bin/jason.sh will reveal the full path:

ek@Ilex:~/Jason-1.4.1$ readlink -f bin/jason.sh
/home/ek/Jason-1.4.1/bin/jason.sh

Click OK.
Now you have a desktop launcher called Jason that you can double-click to start the application easily. (You can move this somewhere other than your desktop, if you like.)


Upgrade to Ubuntu 13.10 disabled track pad, brightness, sound on Lenovo Z570

For sound, try this:
Sound problems after upgading to 13.04

For the trackpad, I had for some weird reason a missing package, and doing

 sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

resolved the issue. Maybe it works for you too?

For the brightness I'm at a loss. I have a somewhat similar problem with the brightness, so hang on :)


Ubuntu Oneko mouse pointer animation distorted

I had the same problem in Ubuntu 17.04 with Oneko.
I think the problem is the shape or the shadow of the animation.
In the terminal I ran the following command and it solved the problem:

oneko -noshape

More info here.


How to add a 'RAM usage' icon on the panel in LXDE

I don't know if this is god enough for what you want, but here you go.  Right click on the LxPanel, and choose Add / Remove Panel Items

Click on Add

Choose Resources Monitor, and then click Add

While Resources Monitor is still highlighted, click on Edit

Choose either or both monitors, and click Close

And this is what you get (sorry the image is not that clear)

Hope that this answers your question.


can't install app using it's installer or through commands

You can install it using
sudo dpkg -i /path/to/deb/file followed by sudo apt-get install -f

If you want to install it using apt-get install package_name, you first need to move your deb file to /var/cache/apt/archives/ directory. After executing this command, it will automatically download its dependencies


Pidgin/Empathy are not recognizing webcam

If you want to audio/video chat , its better if you try Google Hangouts/Gmail chat/FB chat directly from browser instead of pidgin/empathy clients. If you want to use a client, Skype is good.

Which version of Ubuntu are you using ? Check this - http://www.howtogeek.com/114027/how-to-add-screensavers-to-ubuntu-12.04/


Unmounting the system partition when it's in use is generally not a great idea, particularly when you need to read some of the files on the partition. In order to do this, it may be better to grab your installation media (the USB stick or DVD) for Ubuntu, boot into a Live Session, then run the file system check with the -nf flags:
fsck -nf /dev/sda3

Flag
Meaning
Action

n
dry-run
Check only, do not make changes

f
force
Force a new check

If errors are reported afterwards, run fsck again without the n flag. From there, any issues will hopefully be resolved and the file system will mount properly at boot time.


How to transfer files from/to an Android device with ADB via GUI?

I found QtADB the exact software that I needed.


Used Xdummy instead of xvfb and it worked like a charm
Download Xdummy scrip Xdummy script

run it like this

Xdummy :99 -geometry 1920x1080x24

then you can run melt or any gui application headless using

DISPLAY=:99 melt

or

DISPLAY=:99 firefox


Printer prints slides in the reverse order

Using qpdfview (downloadable from the Ubuntu Siftware Centre), you can select the number of pages per sheet and then the page order from a selection.


HOLD "Shift" after the "power-on self test", i.e. the first few screens when your PC boots up, then you will get into Grub menu.


I was having the same trouble and found I had to go into 'Edit Connections'- just as you have done apparently and (this worked for my connection)- it should be the same;

Make sure the Connection Name is not "wired something" but it should be " Auto (eth0)
             MTU should be set to automatic

         IP v4 should be Automatic (DHCP),   And the boxes for "Require IP 4 addressingfor this connection to complete, AND Available to all users, should BOTH be ticked
           IP v6Settings should be  Method: Ignore,  And the ' Available to all users, should be Ticked for yes.

                           I hope it works for you


What is the difference between initrd and initramfs?

Initrd is deprecated, replaced by Initramfs, which doesn't have some of the weaknesses of initrd:

Initrd requires at least one file system driver be compiled into the kernel
A disk created by Initrd has got to have a fixed size
All of the reads/writes on Initrd are buffered redundantly (unnecessarily) into main memory

I think that's all.

How does this update-initramfs command generate /boot/initrd.img?

It makes the necessary files into a cpio  archive, which is a binary archive format (very similar to tar, not extensively used in Linux) and then uses gzip to compress that archive. Gzip is not an archive itself, just a compression (which is why you get .tar.gz archive files).
At boot time, the archive is uncompressed and unpacked onto a   ram-disk.
Also see: How a computer boots


How to create a launcher on the desktop which opens a random application?

Starting with Ubuntu 11.10, this is the fastest way (at least for me) to create a new launcher on your desktop.

That being said, let's make a script called random_app which will open a random application:

#!/bin/bash

apps_path="/usr/share/applications/"

random_app=$(grep -m 1 "^Exec" "$apps_path$(ls $apps_path | shuf -n 1)" | \
           awk -F'[=| ]' '{ print $2 }')

$random_app

Save the script in your ~/bin directory and make it executable using the following command in terminal:

chmod +x ~/bin/random_app

Now, you can create a launcher on your desktop as it is explained here for the script random_app:


Super hard battery drain and high temperatures

I have had the exact same problem on my Laptop. I have a Dell G3 15 with NVIDIA graphics card. The symptoms are the same as yours. After many hours of google I finally found that there were new drivers for my NVIDIA card. Installing this made the battery life go up to what was expected. I found this under the software and updates and the additional drivers section. Its also the same place I was able to disable the Intel drivers.


I don't think there's a way to "clean" your Ubuntu by simply running a command or program, but here are some things you can do that might help:

1) Uninstall packages that you don't need anymore, especially if they run as services.  You can list packages that are installed by typing dpkg --get-selections at a terminal.  Then uninstall those which you don't need anymore by typing sudo apt-get remove --purge [package_to_remove].

2) Look for programs that are sucking up CPU and RAM.  There are many different ways to do this.  I prefer to type top at a terminal.  Consider replacing/removing any programs that are resource hungry.

3) Switch to a lighter DE such as LXDE.  You can install this by typing sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop


If you are able to run Windows then just uninstall ubuntu windows installer.

and then from right click my computer --> select manage option and do a seaperate partition for ubuntu more than 40 GB and do another partition called swap of atleast 4-5 GB.

then your ubuntu would have no problem.


Use sudo:

sudo find / -name xorg.conf

sudo allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user.

For more info:

man sudo

(you can quit with Q)


If you don't want NordVPN to mess with your firewall settings, disable its "killswitch" feature:
nordvpn set killswitch off
I'm not going into detail on the iptables rules, but they are probably fine.
More info here


I think newer Gedit versions work with Python 3 instead of 2. So you might want to change the loader in SplitView.plugin.

Change line 2 from

Loader=python

to

Loader=python3


How do I find out if there is a better driver for my WiFI card?

This is an old question, but ...

The open source wireless drivers are in the kernel, so your best option is to upgrade the kernel. If that fails, try 11.10, 12.04, and a mainline kernel

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/

If the problem persists, file a bug report, but you first need to identify the wireless card.

How do I report a bug?

On the flip side, you can almost certainly purchase an inexpensive USB card ($10-15 tops) that works with linux "out of the box". It is sort of a one time purchase ;)


My terminal line keeps overwriting itself

Based on this answer on "How do I get long command lines to wrap to the next line?", you have a problem in your PS1:
export PS1="[\e[0;32m[\u@\h \W]\$ "

So change \e[0;32m to \[\e[0;32m\]:
export PS1="\[\e[0;32m\][\u@\h \W]\$ "

Also, you'll probably want to remove that zero in \e[0;32m since it does nothing, and* reset the color at the end of the prompt with \e[m:
export PS1="\[\e[0;32m\][\u@\h \W]\$\[\e[m\] "

*Correction from Egmont's comment:

That 0 resets the attributes, it makes a difference if the previously executed command didn't clean up after itself, e.g. left a nondefault background color, bold/italic/etc. attribute. In that case it's reverted. Under "normal" circumstances it doesn't do anything, but is harmless.


GRUB 2 "The current input timing is not supported" on Ubuntu 14.04

I have read many blogs that says this problem is specific for the DELL laptops , so the below might help you to get out the problem.
Have you tried this steps :

Hold the power button for 8+ seconds to reboot the pc.
Tap F8 key, until you see boot diagnostics menu
You will find Enable VGA mode , please select.


GRUB not installing on Ubuntu 18.04+GPT+RAID 1 (mirroring)

RED FLAG

Simular issue here with secure boot enabled and dual boot with Ten (GPT), when clicking install Ubuntu, Ubiquity won't install Grud near the end and a fatal error occurs ending the install. Passing by Try Ubuntu works normally.

This bug has been present for more than a month in all flavors of DD (1709,19H1,20H1). Works normally when not dual boot. Bootline is tweaked with iommu=soft. With or without MOK Manager. The fatal error was sent twice via Ubiquity 3 weeks ago (Mate and U).


Disk space suddenly used up for no apparent reason in 20.04

The snap application called Discord is the bad guy...

From the Ubuntu Software center...

All-in-one voice and text chat for gamers that's free, secure, and works on both your desktop and phone.

Snaps are confined, as such Discord may be unable to perform some of the tasks it typically does when unconfined. This may result in the system log getting spammed with apparmor errors. Granting access to the system-observe interface when in the snap will enable the features, and thus reduce the logging.

snap connect discord:system-observe

Note: granting access may be a security risk, and a privacy issue.

Note: from @mchid, see https://github.com/snapcrafters/discord/issues/23

Personally, because of the privacy and security concerns, I wouldn't use Discord. I'd remove it from my system. Any snap app that needs access outside of its sandboxed environment to perform its actions are very suspect... especially ones that have code to figure out what other apps you're running at the same time as Discord.

Then delete the large syslog and kern.log files.


How to completelly reinstall LibreOffice?

I haven't encountered this problem myself, so I didn't have a chance to experiment the following solution myself. But, according to this blog post, this AskUbuntu answer and even this forum thread, the solution to your problem would be as follows:

Open Terminal by pressing Ctrl + Alt + T and type:

sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice*
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove


What does the new logo of Ubuntu GNOME mean?

This one?

The new logo is a combination of the letters U and G.

I found a topic on the ubuntu gnome artwork mailing list pointing to the project page:

the shape forms “uG”, thus Ubuntu GNOME
“u” is the front liner of the branding in the Ubuntu family font and of the official brand; in a philosophical approach a pointer towards humanity (as in unity)
the symbol itself, comprised of two pieces formed together, expresses the same idea
both symbols are closely related, placed, and in their union accomplish their purpose of expressing both the philosophical and material aspects of unity via Gestalt


How can I install Ubuntu on an external hardrive from Windows?

You can't install it from windows. You have to boot it from a CD or USB drive (see http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu) and then install it from there. As far as HOW to install it, boot it up from your install disk, then install it as normal until you get to the partition part, then click "something else", and change the device from your main hard drive to your external one. Make sure you've backed up your external hard drive if you have anything on it before you do any of this. Move/ format/ re size the necessary partitions and then just install. Just be careful you select the right disk and such when you do so because you risk losing your data on whatever drive you install it on.


Problems installing Nvidia drivers, Ubuntu 15.04

I gave up and installed 14.04 LTS... that "solved" the problem - the nvidia card was detected during installation and I got the correct drivers. The default driver was nouveau, but the proprietary nvidia driver was also installed and I easily switched to it. After reboot I got 3d acceleration (the difference can't go unnoticed!) and dual monitor support with no issues.

Luckily it is a wubi installation so I could install alongside the original OS and then mount the original partition and copy whatever I needed... but I admit this solution sucks. I'm posting it just to let other miserable souls know it works.

If anyone has a better answer please add it. If this is the only answer, I would advise against trying to install new nvidia boards into existing 15.04 systems (or on any existing system? Perhaps new 15.04 systems too? I couldn't find any success stories...)


No response from Ubuntu One Oauth request

You'll want to look at passing a querystring of include_children=true to see the contents of the Ubuntu One folder.

For reference, when I make a request to https://one.ubuntu.com/api/file_storage/v1/~/Ubuntu%20One this is the JSON I get back:

 {
    "kind": "directory",
    "when_created": "2009-02-11T15:33:10Z",
    "generation": 12592,
    "has_children": true,
    "content_path": "/content/~/Ubuntu One",
    "generation_created": 0,
    "parent_path": null,
    "is_live": true,
    "resource_path": "/~/Ubuntu One",
    "when_changed": "2013-01-23T15:56:45Z",
    "key": "(removed)",
    "path": "/",
    "volume_path": "/volumes/~/Ubuntu One"
  }


How to open folders with `nemo` by clicking on folder icons on the desktop handled by nautilus or directly within nautilus?

One can use the modified version of nemo (ppa here) for unity from webupd8.org (instructions here).

I followed the instructions, but did not install but upgrade only:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/nemo
sudo sed -i 's/vivid/devel/' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webupd8team-ubuntu-nemo-vivid.list
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Then I changed gsettings to replace nautilus with nemo as desktop handler:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background draw-background false
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons false
gsettings set org.nemo.desktop show-desktop-icons true

Logout, login, and nemo handles desktop without rendering problems.


Gave up waiting for root device. Ubuntu 16.04

I fixed this issue by burning the Ubuntu install ISO to a DVD and installing from that.

I still don't know what caused my original issue, but something about trying to install from a USB causes the issue above.


Continue download if network adapter is changed

What you are asking for is called "roaming".
Here are two quite old Ubuntu pages about it, to give you an idea :

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RoamingProfilesWithNetworkManager

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/NetworkRoaming

I don't know what the current state of network roaming for NetworkManager is, but this at least gives you the keywords "network roaming" to search for.
Apart from this you can look at Download Managers like uget and wget.


purple screen/ black screen /black screen with string of text after grub. nothing fixes it not even nomodeset

I ran into a similar issue with 4.2.0-34 not booting correctly, in the kernel params, I changed intel_pstate=disable and it worked, maybe you are seeing the same issue? Upstream bug: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=110941


Install FTP server with support for virtual users

This chapter will show you how to convert your Linux box into an FTP server using the default Very Secure FTP Daemon (VSFTPD)


Can I open email by clicking on notification?

The purpose of the notifications is, well, to notify you. Nothing else. Once you receive the notification you go to the corresponding indicator (in the top right) and open it. In this case you would go to the little envelope icon.

You don't need to put the mouse over it: just read it and make use of that information. If you put the mouse over the notification bubble, it blurs so you can easily read or interact with what's under it.

Another side effect of putting the mouse over the notification is that it will last longer to fade away. You might need this if there's a lot of text to be read, too much text could be considered bad design, though. The correct way to respond to a notification is to just open the associated application/status icon.

Read on Notifications, indicators and alerts to see Mark's thinking when the concept was considered. Also, you might find useful to read How to customize on screen notifications?


getent (comes with libc-bin) is what you're looking for.

And you want to parse the group database (/etc/group and/or alike) e.g.:

getent group adm

will get you the relevant entry for group adm, including the group membership info.

The fields are:

<group_name>:<group_password>:<group_id>:<members>

If you just want the usernames of the members:

getent group adm | awk -F: '{print $NF}'

The added advantage of getent is that it would fetch the data from network too, if configured on /etc/nsswitch.conf.

On my system:

% getent group adm
adm:x:4:syslog,foobar

% getent group adm | awk -F: '{print $NF}'
syslog,foobar


How can I make update-manager require less free disk space on root partition

Test this:

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

sudo -i
apt-get autoremove
apt-get clean
UNUSCONF=$(dpkg -l|grep "^rc"|awk '{print $2}')
apt-get remove --purge $UNUSCONF
NEWKERNEL=$(uname -r|sed 's/-*[a-z]//g'|sed 's/-386//g')
ADDKERNEL="linux-(image|headers|ubuntu-modules|restricted-modules)"
METAKERNEL="linux-(image|headers|restricted-modules)-(generic|i386|server|common|rt|xen)"
UNUSKERNELS=$(dpkg -l|awk '{print $2}'|grep -E $ADDKERNEL |grep -vE $METAKERNEL|grep -v $NEWKERNEL)
apt-get remove --purge $UNUSKERNELS
update-manager -d

Software Updater will show up and search for the new release, after a few seconds, you will see a screen that saying:

However, Ubuntu 14.10 is available now.

Press the button Upgrade to start upgrading to Ubuntu 14.10.

The Software Updater will ask you to confirm still you want to upgrade, press Start Upgrade to begin installing Ubuntu 14.10.

Now, the Software Updater will prepare to start setting up new software channels, and after a few minutes, the software updater will notify you the details the number of packages are going to be removed, and number of packages are going to be installed, press Start upgrade to continue.


Network/browser issues after upgrade to 12.04

I had the same issue. No more cable network after upgrade !!! The only solution I found is to remove the network manager and manually edit my /etc/network/interfaces file to have network using cable working;

Unfortunately, this solution has the drawback than nothing is display in notification area.

For information, a fresh install didn't solve the issue for me, so I guess there is some bug somewhere with the network manager.

to remove network-manager

sudo apt-get remove network-manager

A reboot may be required ...

edit the /etc/network/interfaces file

sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

and add the following lines depending on the network connexion you want to use (eth0, th1, etc ...)

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet dhcp


How to Configure nsswitch.conf in ubuntu 18.04 (upgrading from 16.04)

In my case I run nis ( dont have nisplus) and I check local accounts first then nis.
I found that compat will do the necessary with nis checking for me( perhaps nisplus as well)ie checks the + entries in /etc/passwd  and check local passwd with + and override home directories shells etc.
If use it in this way, I can log in from command line with both a local and nis account ( with both a local and nfs home). For some reason there is a delay of 25 seconds approximately until the shell prompt is returned. On X it times out and locks screen. So I still have difficulties, but this might point you a bit further down the road or maybe it will work for you. Id be interested if you could post if you get it working fully.

/etc/nsswitch.conf
passwd: files compat  systemd

group: files compat  systemd

shadow: files compat
gshadow: files

hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns myhostname

networks: files

protocols: db files

services: db files

ethers: db files

rpc: db files

netgroup: nis


yes,whats yours Ubuntu version - Get those deleted files from similar running machines (if you are using 64-bit machine,make sure other machine also runs with 64-bit) and place it under lib or whatever files you have deleted.That should most likely work.

Sometime back - I deleted files from lib and etc , I was able to fix by copying files into that directory from another running system. It was trail & error trick , but it should work.


When you click a video link on Facebook with firefox and it doesn't work. (ie: it goes to the video but doesn't do anything.) Just re-fresh the page. It works for me.


Poor performance after reinstalling to a USB drive

Apart from the fact that accessing the drive via USB is inherently slower than via SATA (i.e. a "normal" HDD or especially SSD will be noticeably/much faster than an USB drive), one cause of your current setup being slower may be partition misalignment. I'm not sure if USB flash drives are any different, but usually SSD drives have large physical sectors so it's important that partitions are aligned with the start of a physical sector.

You can use gparted to check if the partitions are aligned and to re-align them if necessary (you'll need to boot from another USB to make any changes to your current one)

UPDATE: One way to check if a partition is aligned in gparted is to right-click on the partition, select Information from the menu and check First Sector parameter there. Make sure the number there is a multiple of a... err... alignment factor. 1024 (1MB) is a good number to use... so just make sure it's a multiple of 1024:

I'm pretty sure the absence of swap should not make things slower - but you won't be able to use more RAM than you physically have.

Logical partitions are just as fast as primary ones, provided they all aligned properly.


How can I use LightDM for user-defined sessions?

Create a new file /usr/share/xsessions/custom.desktop with:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Xsession
Exec=/etc/X11/Xsession

You should now have a new session option during login, Xsession will load the user's ~/.xinitrc.


You can route your DNS through something like OpenDNS or Google Public DNS:

http://www.opendns.com/business-solutions/premium-dns/benefits/

This is free and can easily be installed at router level to give network-wide protection.


Thunderbird filling up GBs of disk space

It doesn't limit to 100-200 MB, but you can change the settings to only download the newest messages.

Go to Edit -> Account Settings -> Synchronization & Storage under the "Disk Space" heading, select
 "Synchronize Most recent" & "Don't Download Messages Larger Than", then input your desired values.


Is Ubuntu One Files available for iPad client?

You can, if you point your browser to here and then follow the instructions.

PS: It is only Music the app will work for and it does have a monthly charge. Further information on the costs is here.

Update (06/01/2011): Canonical have released an iOS Ubuntu One Files app. It is available to download here.


In my case, I was simply trying to install updates and it hung the same way:

Setting up mysql-server-5.6 (5.6.28-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...

The suggestion above didn't work and suggests at why the upgrade process had failed:

$ sudo service mysql stop
stop: Unknown instance:

It didn't appear to have the correct PID to stop MySQL, so I stopped it through the other method:

$ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop
 * Stopping MySQL database server mysqld                                                 [ OK ]

and the installer continued normally and completed.


Create UBUNTU CD boot to a WINDOWS machine using an OS X system to create the CD

Can you use a USB drive? If that's the case, I suggest you to try UNetbootin. It works in Linux, OS X and Windows operating systems and creates bootable USB drives for a lot of Linux distributions, including Ubuntu.


How do I fix "$'\r': command not found" errors running Bash scripts in WSL?

Inside WSL:

sudo apt-get install dos2unix

Then,

dos2unix [file]

Full documentation:

man dos2unix

Saved my day, hope it helps.


I'm going to be more confident on this than evgeny:

It works marvellously!

In fact, the Intel graphics have the best drivers of them all. Sure, the performance isn't comparable to an NVidia 250 series or something, but it's more than enough for unity. If there is something wrong, you can be pretty much sure it doesn't have to do with your Intel X4500.

(This applies to all Intel graphics chipsets apart from the GMA500 aka. Poulsbo)


veth down after reboot on bionic beaver (netplan) systemd

I'm not sure why it's not working with /etc/rc.local, I would have thought this would run late enough to work; but I think you're quite close with the systemd config already.

Add:

[Network]
ConfigureWithoutCarrier=true

for each of the veth interfaces. By default systemd-networkd will not bring up interfaces if they have no IP addresses directly attached to them.

Veths are not currently directly supported in netplan, but they may be added in the future to make setting this up simpler.


Xfce4 damaged after upgrade from 15.10 to 16.04

Try this:

You can use the Ubuntu Live-Dvd/Usb  to run apt-get to get the new files to fix your system:

Boot the Ubuntu Live CD.
Press Ctrl-Alt-F1
Run in the terminal:

sudo -i
fdisk -l

The output of fdisk -l like as this:

Disk /dev/sda: 298.1 GiB, 320072933376 bytes, 625142448 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008a792

Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *         2048    206847    204800   100M  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2          206848 102402047 102195200  48.7G  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda3       102402048 307202047 204800000  97.7G  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda4       307204094 614682623 307478530 146.6G  f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5       307204096 409604095 102400000  48.8G  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda6       409606144 585385983 175779840  83.8G 83 Linux
/dev/sda7       585388032 614682623  29294592    14G 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Continue running:

umount /dev/sda6
fsck -a /dev/sda6
mount /dev/sda6 /mnt
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
chroot /mnt
nano /etc/resolv.conf

In the open file add OpenDNS name servers, type this lines:

nameserver 208.67.222.222
nameserver 208.67.220.220

Save file: Control + O -- Close nano: Control + X, continue running

dpkg --configure -a
apt-get -f install
apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade
apt-get install --reinstall xubuntu-desktop
apt-get autoremove
apt-get clean
exit
reboot

If an application stops the process by an error, repeat the command. If error persists, remove it: apt-get remove [app]