What happens if I disable and uninstall Plymouth?

You don`t need too uninstall you can just disable it
Try to do this in you terminal:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Look for:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Change it too :

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"

And update Grub(be very careful you can break your boot if power goes down or something goes wong):

sudo update-grub


Forcing password policies - domain user management like Active Directory

https://www.freeipa.org/page/Main_Page
this may be the answer to that topic


Gimp hangs while trying to parse .config/GIMP/2.9/gimprc

Well you have so many potential problems it is hard to know where to start.

First, and perhaps most important, you should not be running gimp as root. More likely then not running as a regular user will fix that.

You really should not be running much of anything as root. Installing packages and updating is about all you need to run as root.

Second, you really need to understand what reinstalling will and will not do. Specifically, removing/purging/reinstalling will NOT touch any configuration files in your home directory.

Third, reinstalling rarely fixes anything. The only exceptions would be if you edited system files or very rare system files somehow became corrupt.

Fourth, why are you running bleachbit ? This is not windows, the system rarely if ever needs to be cleaned, I have never seen a performance problem solved by bleachbit, and if you do not understand what you are doing, bleachbit can do a lot of damage, at least the last time I looked, worse if you are running it as root as you are with gimp.

If you feel you need to "clean" your home directory you can delete ~/.cache , clean the trash, and delete thumbnails.

So my first piece of advice is that you stop your bad behavior before you break more then gimp.

Second, run gimp as your regular user and post any errors.

You can try:

mv ~/.config/GIMP ~/.config/GIMP.bak

Notice how we back up rather then delete ? Probably a good habit for you. If this fixes the problem you can then clean up by rm ~/.config/GIMP.bak If you need things from the backup you can always restore part or all of what you moved.

But from your bad behavior you may need to fix ownership and permission problems in your home directory. what files / directories are currently owned as root ?

ls -lAR | grep root


Go into sound preferences to turn off all system sounds, just choose the No sound theme.


I'm a Fedora user, but hear me out Ubuntu fans. I was struggling with the same problem, so here's my solution that works for Fedora 25 with GnuPG 2.1.13, and surely under Ubuntu. It's a modification of Thomas' answer. Set the Key-Type and Subkey-Type as follows (I'm using nistp256 but use whatever curve your system supports):

  Key-Type: ECDSA
  Key-Curve: nistp256
  Key-Length: 256
  Subkey-Type: ECDH
  Subkey-Curve: nistp256
  Subkey-Length: 256

If you use ECC as key-type and subkey-type, gpg will generate errors like this, and the public key will be ECDH, not ECDSA.

gpg: error reading rest of packet: Invalid argument
gpg: error reading rest of packet: Invalid argument
gpg: can't encode a 256 bit MD into a 72 bits frame, algo=8
gpg: can't encode a 256 bit MD into a 72 bits frame, algo=8

Also, note that in GnuPG v2.1 and later, the options %pubring and %secring are ignored (https://www.gnupg.org/documentation/manuals/gnupg/Unattended-GPG-key-generation.html) so don't use them.

And finally, check this out https://www.gnupg.org/faq/whats-new-in-2.1.html#ecc it's a good read about which curves to use. In fact, for me, v2.1.13 is only listing the following, during the manual command:

$ gpg2 --expert --full-gen-key
...
(3) NIST P-256
(4) NIST P-384
(5) NIST P-521


Also affected but found solution here.

  Solution is simple, before launch sh sqldeveloper.sh unset environment variable GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID or you can create another launcher.sh like this:

  unset GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID
  sh sqldeveloper.sh


How to merge multiple Internet connections into one?

I do something like that at work using Ubuntu 11.04.  We run the Shorewall firewall configuration tool, which besides being excellent at its job, provides some rudimentary multiple ISP routing tools which might fit your needs.  You can find some docs about it here: http://www.shorewall.net/MultiISP.html

What it comes down to though, is you can't use multiple ISPs for a single connection... things aren't that simple.  The best you can do is try to direct new connections evenly between the different providers.

It is a complex problem.  You will probably end up beating your head against the wall (I certainly did) before you are done debugging every problem.  So, as other posters have suggested, you might be wise to carefully consider how strong your desire is.


Invalid Argument Error while installing Ubuntu 11.10

you used wubi app to that this program very good but still have problem with somebody i'm one of them

try another partition

see that first may help you https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide

then do that

1.with any program partition tools liked parted magic or acrions or other make unallocated free space partition take al least 5 giga free space

2.create any partition in that new unallocated space and make it fat32 not ntfs because ntfs make problem sometimes

3.make this new partition primary

4.format it with slow format from partiton program or if you hard drive old you can do that with this command in cmd format X:

x refer to new hard drive

5.after that make defragmentation for it

6.now try to install it

if problem continue change step number 2 and make it ntfs if still change step number 3 and make it logical

i know that wubi must be found to don't do any of above any install ubuntu like any software in windows but as i said it still have problem with it

so it's many solution that other advise us to do and you can search in google about wubi problem to see that

and the best is install ubuntu with default way as any operting system or install it in virtualbox and i see the second idea is best beacuse you will can use windows and linux in same time


What is the gnome command for the battery applet?

Edit: The mentioned ppa seems no longer available as of April 2014. Please check before following this solution. For more information see the comments below this answer.

First Install Battery-Status by Running following command in terminal.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:iaz/battery-status && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install battery-status

To run ‘Battery Status’ as an Indicator-applet  in Ubuntu you’ll need to run the following command in a terminal:

/usr/lib/battery-status/battery-status --indicator

To launch the indicator mode on log-in add it to your ‘Start-up applications’ in System > Preferences > Startup Applications, entering the command above in the command field.


Configure run command in Awesome window manager


To compile azpainter from source code, download and unpack the source code archive, check for documentation on how to install, install whatever build dependencies you determine are necessary, and run ./configure and make as instructed by the documentation.

While that is also a good general pattern for compiling software from source code, the rest of this post is a step-by-step walkthrough for azpainter, including some useful information not currently provided in the official installation instructions. I have tested this in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and Ubuntu 16.04 LTS.

Getting the Source Code

Suppose you have downloaded azpainter 2.0.6 (later readers can check here for other versions):

wget https://osdn.net/dl/azpainter/azpainter-2.0.6.tar.bz2

If you run a command like that, or download it in your web browser, you don't get a folder--you get a .tar.bz2 archive which you must unpack in order to use. To unpack it you would make sure you're in whatever directory contains it (you can use the cd command for that) and run:

tar xf azpainter-2.0.6.tar.bz2

For that particular archive, this creates an azpainter-2.0.6 directory, which you can enter with cd:

cd azpainter-2.0.6

Determining Build Dependencies

When compiling software you're unfamiliar with from source code, you should always check for files that provide instructions. Reading the README file in this directory (you can also view its contents in your graphical file browser, if you like) contains a list of "What you need to compile." It also lists specific packages (scroll down to "Debian/Ubuntu") that you can install to provide what it needs.

Although it's okay to install gcc and make directly, I suggest installing the build-essential package, which causes those packages to be installed, as well as a number of other tools that are frequently useful in compiling software.

When you install azpainter, the gtk-update-icon-cache command is used to attempt to create an easy graphical launcher for the program and to make them immediately available through your menus. Usually this succeeds; if not, and you want a launcher, you can make it yourself (see below). Furthermore, the update-desktop-database command is used to update the database of file types and what applications are capable of opening them. However, depending on what release and flavor of Ubuntu you are running, these two commands might not be installed, so I suggest installing the packages that provide them, which are libgtk2.0-bin and desktop-file-utils, respectively.

Therefore I suggest running these commands to obtain the necessary build dependencies for azpainter:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential libx11-dev libxext-dev libxi-dev libfreetype6-dev libfontconfig1-dev zlib1g-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libpng12-dev libgtk2.0-bin desktop-file-utils

(The instructions advise installing libpng-dev for some versions of Ubuntu and libpng12-dev for others, but if you like you can just install both as shown above.)

Compiling and Installing the Software

The next section of the README file tells you what commands you can run to install the software, once you've installed the build dependencies (see above). You should run these commands from inside the directory you unpacked that contains the configure script:

./configure
make
sudo make install-strip

Using the install-strip target instead of the install target strips debug symbols from the installed binaries, making them smaller. The README file recommends this, which is why I have shown it.

This installs the program in /usr/local--different parts of it will be placed in different subdirectories therein (which is typical). Specifically, the azpainter executable itself will be in /usr/local/bin. If that directory is in your $PATH then you can simply run azpainter; either way you can run the program as /usr/local/bin/azpainter.

Optional: Manually Creating a Launcher

You don't have to do anything else. However, it is possible no .desktop file for azpainter was successfully created.

A .desktop file is also called a launcher, and it makes it easier to run graphical programs by double-clicking icons or selecting them in menus. If you don't see it in your menus then you may want to create one. You may be able to copy and use or modify the stock .desktop file included in the desktop subdirectory of the azpainter-2.0.6 directory (i.e., the directory created by unpacking the source code).

If the program runs just by typing azpainter and pressing Enter, then the stock .desktop file included in the source archive should work without modification.

Optional: Uninstalling the Software

If you want to uninstall the software, you can do this by cding back to the directory where you ran sudo make install-strip (or sudo make install) and running:

sudo make uninstall

Not all programs and libraries that you build and install from source with ./configure and make supports being uninstalled this way, but many do, including azpainter.

You may one day want to install. Even if you are very happy with the software, you may want to upgrade it to a later version, which for software you've manually installed from source like this is usually best achieved by uninstalling and then building and installing the newer version. Therefore I recommend you keep the azpainter-2.0.6 (or whatever version you are using) directory and its contents.

However, if you do ever remove it, then you can regain the ability to uninstall by repeating the steps to install it, up to and including the make step.

If you ever do this, you should use the same version of the software that was installed, starting from the same .tar.bz2 archive. (For some programs, you have to actually run the make install or make install-strip step to get the ability to uninstall, but this does not appear to be necessary with azpainter.)
You won't have to reinstall the packages you installed as build dependencies, though (i.e., no apt or apt-get commands required), unless you've subsequently removed them.

Another way to manage installing, uninstalling, and upgrading packages you build yourself from source code is to use checkinstall. See below for further reading that includes this and other useful general information not covered in this answer.

Further Reading

To learn more about installing programs from source code, see:

CompilingEasyHowTo
How do I install a .tar.gz (or .tar.bz2) file?


Has anyone deployed Swift in an OpenStack environment using Juju?

Bryan-

Here's the short howto.  I will look at adding an optional section to that Wiki that outlines this.

# branch charms
bzr branch lp:charm/swift-proxy
bzr branch lp:charm/swift-storage

# create a config yaml file for the storage charm.
# the block-device setting needs to point to a block
# device that exists on *all* storage nodes, to be formated
# mounted and used as a backing store for objects
echo <<END >swift-storage.yaml
swift-storage:
  block-device: xvda2
END

# deploy proxy
juju deploy --repository=$REPO local:swift-proxy
# deploy storage
juju deploy --config=swift-storage.yaml --repo=$REPO local:swift-storage
# add the relation
juju add-relation swift-proxy:swift-proxy swift-storage:swift-proxy
# add 2 more units to give us the minimum 3 required nodes
juju add-unit swift-storage
juju add-unit swift-storage

This should give you a functional cluster that maintains 3 replicas of each object.  It can be used as its own, separate cluster or you can tie it into the rest of your Openstack cloud to be used as the backend store for your VM images:

juju add-relation glance:object-store swift-proxy:object-store

You can test this out using the EC2 provider if you don't have 4 extra servers laying around.

A couple of notes:

The current swift charms were more of a proof-of-concept and aren't really designed to allow the storage nodes to scale up and down very well.
You'll need 4 nodes total to deploy this (1 proxy, 3 storage)
The current charms make use of a deprecated, fake authentication system called tempauth.  With Keystone added as a core Openstack component, swift should be using this for authentication/authorization (Keystone charm coming soon)
There are some work items this cycle to expand/rewrite the swift charms to allow scaling, authenticating against keystone, and taking advantage of yet-to-land Juju features that allow intelligent machine selection and placement of charms.


Are softlinks and hardlinks somewhat related to mutable and immutable objects (in java) in any sense?

No, but hard links works exactly as object references in Java. You can copy a reference to any number of variables, it will not duplicate the object. You can clear these variables or delete them, but the object will be cleared only when the last reference will be cleared (not the last created).

Hard links are the same: they're reference to the real file object, or in other words directory entries. Creating a hard link is creating another reference to the file object in another directory. When you rm a file somewhere, it doesn't destroy the file object if another reference (inode) to it exists somewhere else.

They're different from soft links (shortcuts) because deleting a shortcut never erase the file.


do i need to create separate partitions such as boot,home,swap for xubuntu 20.04?

You don't need to use separate swap, boot and home partitions. You can join all 3 together with the root partition, although I recommend setting a swap partition for virtual RAM that can make the system faster. Just make sure the disk usage doesn't explode, as Artur Meinild said.


My laptop's SSD can't be detected by the Ubuntu installer

from my experience most often microsoft windows comes pre-installed with mbr partition type (which is not what ubuntu installer works with).
My advice in your case would be:

run Ubuntu live CD
choose "try Ubuntu without installing"
fire up gPartEd on Ubuntu live usb (install if not yet there)
change partition type to gpt
install windows 10
install Ubuntu again and let grub bootloader handle choosing between windows and ubuntu partition

OR if you don't need windows, simply install Ubuntu right after your partition is changed to gpt.

As far as I remember you'll have to disable secure boot for the ubuntu installation and GRUB to be possible.


How to find out which php libraries are installed?

Open the terminal and type:

dpkg --get-selections *php*

This will list all the php packages that are currently installed on your system through apt-get.


The firmware version 16 is loading OK.

Your problem is not related to the firmware.

The 4.4 kernel module tries to load firmware starting with 19, but there is only 16 available. It is made by design.


How to write an fstab line for full access to an NTFS drive?

With umask you define the options that should not be set. So umask=777 is the same as octal permission 000.

For some examples on how to convert between octal permissions and umask, see this Wikipedia entry.


Can't access wireless network after modify /etc/network/interfaces - Ubuntu 15.10

The connection managing tool used by ubuntu is network-manager. If you edit your /etc/network/interfaces file you're going to disable network-manager for this interface. The result is it will not be shown.

You can use nmcli -d to show if they are managed or not:

$ nmcli -d
DEVICE  TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION
wlp4s0  wifi      connected  YOUR-SSID   #Managed
wlp5s0  wifi      unmanaged  --          #Not managed
enp3s0  ethernet  unmanaged  --
lo      loopback  unmanaged  --

Solution 1

You can remove the lines again and restart the system. Then use network-manager cmd-line tools nmcli or the gui shown in your screenshot to configure the network connections.

Edit Connections -> SSID -> Edit -> IPv4 Settings -> Manual -> Add address

Solution 2

Or don't remove these lines and use wpa_supplicant and wpa_client to connect and manage the connection yourself in /etc/network/interfaces.


How to find words with the same letters using a shell script

Presented without commentary:

ruby -rset -e '
  readlines.each {|sentence|
    p sentence
    data = Hash.new {|h,k| h[k] = Set.new}
    sentence.scan(/\w+/).each {|word| data[word.chars.sort] << word }
    p data.each_value.select {|set| set.size > 1}.collect(&:to_a)
  }
' << END
How can you listen if you are not silent?
I saw a tap; it was apt
END

"How can you listen if you are not silent?\n"
[["listen", "silent"]]
"I saw a tap; it was apt\n"
[["saw", "was"], ["tap", "apt"]]


Turn off WSL Ubuntu echo when typing commands

dessert was very close with his comment. set +v fixed it.


This behavior -- which came about as a result of this bug report -- is a design decision based on the Ubuntu Sound Menu specification.  To quote from the spec:

  A compliant player should also keep playing if you close its window while it is playing; exit if you close its window while it is not playing...

If you have Banshee's sound menu integration turned on, pressing the 'x' won't quit the program while music is playing.  To quit Banshee, you must first pause the music.


Is it worth reloading the PC with the new hardware when it appears to function perfectly?

No, that is not needed. That is the fun of using generic drivers.

Only the graphics card can be an issue if you change from manufacturer (nVidia<>AMD) but that is easily solved: remove the display driver upfront if possible.


Create a custom shortcut that types clipboard contents

You have two problems with this command. The first is that you need to make sure that the meta-keys in the binding are not pressed when it tries to run the command.  Second, by default xclip selects XA_Primary buffer rather than the XA_CLIPBOARD.  So you should pass clipboard as the selection parameter for xclip. Change your hotkey command to the following:

sh -c 'sleep 0.5; xdotool type "$(xclip -o -selection clipboard)"'


Ubuntu 16.04 slow boot/login time - xorg crashing on startup

More of a comment, but I lack the reputation...
The crash log you've provided points to LightDM crashing. LightDM, among other things, is responsible for showing the greeter/login screen. Since your problem occurs after you login, the crash log is likely unrelated. Nevertheless, you could try installing a different display manager. Here are instructions on how to switch from LightDM to GDM. Probably not your root cause, but always worth a shot when LightDM is giving you lemons.


Boot into recovery mode.

Immediately after the BIOS/UEFI splash screen during boot, with BIOS, quickly press and hold the Shift key, which will bring up a GNU GRUB menu screen. With UEFI press (perhaps several times) the Esc key to get to the GNU GRUB menu screen. Sometimes the manufacturer's splash screen is a part of the Windows bootloader, so when you power up the machine it goes straight to the GNU GRUB menu screen, and then pressing Shift is unnecessary.

The timing when to press the left Shift key can be tricky, so sometimes if you miss it you need to try it again. If that doesn't work try the answers to I can't get the GRUB menu to show up during boot.

You will see a GNU GRUB menu screen that looks like this:

Press the down arrow key until you select the 2nd entry from the top (the one with the recovery mode in the description) and then press Enter twice.

Now you should see this recovery menu:

Press the down arrow key until you select network and press Enter. This is the step I'm worried about. Will the network option give you networking? I don't know, but it's worth a try.

Press the down arrow key one more time and select root and press Enter. Now that you are root you can run commands.

wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt_1.6.6ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
dpkg -i apt_1.6.6ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
reboot

After the computer reboots apt will work, so open the terminal and type:

pkexec apt install sudo
sudo apt install coreutils
sudo apt install libedit2 zlib1g libgssapi-krb5-2 libldap-2.4-2 libpam0g libxml2 locales ssl-cert tzdata sysstat

You can also test the first command by simulating it without installing anything:

pkexec apt install --simulate sudo


cannot install mysql-server in ubuntu16.0.4

I solved this problem by removing mariadb's deb sources and purging mysql-common and then reinstalling it.
do:
sudo apt edit-sources and look for anything containing mariadb like: deb [arch=amd64,arm64,ppc64el] http://ftp.nluug.nl/db/mariadb/repo/10.3/ubuntu bionic main
comment it out by putting a # in front of it.
then run
sudo apt update
sudo apt purge mysql-common
sudo apt install mysql-common

after that you can install mysql-server properly via sudo apt install mysql-server
if it ever dissapears from the repo the script was:
#!/bin/sh
set -e

case "$1" in
  install)
    variant="$2"
    my_cnf_path="$3"
    update-alternatives --install /etc/mysql/my.cnf my.cnf "$my_cnf_path" 200
  ;;
  remove)
    variant="$2"
    my_cnf_path="$3"
    update-alternatives --remove my.cnf "$my_cnf_path"
  ;;
esac
```


How to remap keyboard keys in grub bootloader?

You don't need to remap any keys if you just want to select another OS in GRUB. Simply press the right arrow key after selecting the OS you want to boot.


Help Installing Linux W/ Ubuntu onto a Usb stick to boot from another computer From a Linux Machine

To create a bootable Flash Drive in Ubuntu look here.

A little more in depth

Is this what you are looking for?

Also, if you mean that you are trying to boot from the flash drive. Then there should be some settings in the bios to change the order of boot devices. ( F9, F12, ESC ) On boot up.


Can I sell a modified version of Ubuntu?

Yes, but... you must abide to the licenses in the initial Ubuntu source code. Many of these licenses require that you distribute the source code of your modifications to the code. This means that folks (or even competitors) can just take your source code and use it (or even sell it).

In practice, you cannot make much money selling software that derives from Open Source code. What you can do, if your OS has some merit, is sell support. This is for instance the "business model" or RedHat's RHEL, and they make money from it (despite the existence of CentOS, which is mostly RHEL-made-free-again).


Your dmesg output has numerous failures and errors.

I would try to reinstall the drivers for the device. If that doesn't work, upgrade to the newest kernel and then reinstall the drivers.  I had this same issue after a cleam install of 14.04 and had to reinstall the drivers with the latest kernel to correct my issue, granted, I have a different wireless device, so I can't promise you anything.  This is just due diligence.


Ubuntu 12.04 boots to command line after upgrade

Tried different drivers from the NVIDIA site and that fixed the issue.
EDIT to provide more detail:
Drivers downloaded from NVIDIA site here.
Just picked my card and Linux version of drivers.
Then from command line I executed:

sudo service lightdm stop

sudo sh drivername.run

Followed driver instructions

sudo service lightdm start


I had the same problem and eventually found the answer here:

Kernel panic on boot up with 13.10 live-USB

In my case, the format of the bootable flash drive was not a format that windows could understand.  I needed to format the flash drive as FAT32 and then use unetbootin to make it bootable again.


"Device or resource busy" sounds like the filesystem on the DVD is mounted, which is also stated in the warning. Do umount /dev/sr0 before.


Wolfram Mathematica after upgrade to Ubuntu 19.04: symbol lookup error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfontconfig.so.1: undefined symbol: FT_Done_MM_Var

As noticed by @steeldriver, the problem is specific to Wolfram Mathematica. I solved the issue by following some of the steps from this question: Can't launch Mathematica 11 on Fedora 29. For the record, I write down here what I did.

Go to MathematicaInstallationDirectory/SystemFiles/Libraries/Linux-x86-64/ (for me it is /usr/local/Wolfram/Mathematica/11.3/SystemFiles/Libraries/Linux-x86-64) and run the following commands:

sudo mv libfreetype.so.6 libfreetype.so.6.bak
sudo mv libz.so.1 libz.so.1.bak

Just to test, I tried to start Mathematica right after renaming the first file, libfreetype.so.6. It did not work and I got the following error:

$ mathematica
/usr/local/Wolfram/Mathematica/11.3/SystemFiles/FrontEnd/Binaries/Linux-x86-64/Mathematica: /usr/local/Wolfram/Mathematica/11.3/SystemFiles/Libraries/Linux-x86-64/libz.so.1: version `ZLIB_1.2.9' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng16.so.16)

But after renaming the second file, everything works fine.

NB. The link provided above has more information on other potentially helpful steps.


Install the libfmt-dev package from Ubuntu 18.04 in Ubuntu 16.04. libfmt-dev has no dependencies, so you can download it and install it with the following commands:
sudo apt update
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/f/fmtlib/libfmt-dev_4.0.0+ds-2_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./libfmt-dev_4.0.0+ds-2_amd64.deb

If you want to also install the fast type-safe C++ formatting library -- documentation package (libfmt-doc) run the following commands:
sudo apt install libjs-sphinxdoc
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/f/fmtlib/libfmt-doc_4.0.0+ds-2_all.deb
sudo apt install ./libfmt-doc_4.0.0+ds-2_all.deb


The label name and icon are defined in file autorun.inf.

e.g. autorun.inf from ubuntu-15.04-desktop-amd64.iso contains the following lines:

[autorun]
open=wubi.exe
icon=wubi.exe,0
label=Install Ubuntu

[Content]
MusicFiles=false
PictureFiles=false
VideoFiles=false

If you change or delete this file on Windows drive C:, you will get your old label name and icon of your disk.


This is a known bug. The workaround for this problem is to disable the normalization plugin.

In Brasero, go to edit and click Plugins. Remove the checkmark for Normalization.


How to remove tomcat 9 from ubuntu 18.04

Since tomcat has been installed by unpacking a tar.gz file to /opt/tomcat, the uninstall process will be to remove /opt/tomcat.

cd /opt
sudo rm -rf tomcat


problem with bluetooth audio while playing html 5 videos ubuntu 16.04

I solved the problem by purging bluez:

sudo apt-get purge bluez*; sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade; sudo apt-get autoremove

and then reinstalling it:

sudo apt-get install bluez


How to display text beside icons in Nautilus 3.6.3?

how do I make icon labels on the side?

Edit -> Preferences -> Icon View Defaults

Enable  "text beside icons".
Also decrease the zoom to have smaller icons.

You can use ctrl++ and ctrl+- to adjust the icons size as well.

Tibi


Simulate an already installed operating system

I'd suggest installing virt-manager and virtualisation infrastructure, libvirt-bin. You should be able to use virt-manager to create a virtual machine for your Windows 7 install.

This will run the OS in a KVM virtual machine. Unfortunately, you may find that the system is a little slower than when run natively. If performance is a concern for you (are you looking to run games?), then you may want to look into a VMWare or virtualbox solution instead. If performance isn't a big issue, then I'd recommend using KVM, as it works well within Ubuntu, and is completely open source.

To do this: use the virt-manager program to create your new Windows VM.

In the configuration screens, you should simply be able to connect the existing disk (eg, /dev/sdb) to the new virtual machine, and use that disk as the boot device.

No need to convert your disk to any other type of virtual storage, it should be usable as-is. I've used this method to test out the Windows 8 beta, so I assume it will work with Windows 7.

In case it helps, here's my virtual machine configuration (generated with virsh dumpxml <name>):

<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>win8</name>
  <uuid>---uuid removed---/uuid>
  <memory>2097152</memory>
  <currentMemory>2097152</currentMemory>
  <vcpu>1</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-1.0'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
    <pae/>
  </features>
  <clock offset='utc'/>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='block' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <source dev='/dev/sdc'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:0e:17:a5'/>
      <source network='isolated'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes' listen='127.0.0.1'>
      <listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
    </graphics>
    <video>
      <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
</domain>


Why is gnome-todo not installed although it's a dependency of ubuntu-desktop?

gnome-todo is a recommendation of ubuntu-desktop. As such it can be removed without removing the ubuntu-desktop meta-package.
Also to note that it will be included on the 18.04 release image.

In this case it should suffice to remove & then reinstall the ubuntu-desktop package

sudo apt remove ubuntu-desktop && sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop


Win XP bootup error after increasing virtual hdd size in VirtualBox

This is what I would try, but it's merely a hypothetical answer, so backup your virual machine if you decide to try this. By backup I mean create a duplicate of your VM folder.

step # 1 = attach a second virtual hard drive to the virtual machine

Step #2 = Attach an ubuntu iso to the virtual machine boot into it and use the default archive tool to create a .zip backup of your Windows XP partition including hidden files.

Step #2 = Create a new partition table (mbr style) on both virtual hard drives using gparted or disks in ubuntu live cd then create a partition on each drive using the same filesystem as your previous XP install was (most likely NTFS).

Step #3 = Save the .zip of your xp install to the second hard drive

Step #4 = re-install xp with your xp installation disc, or download one from here:

Windows XP - Professional SP3 X86-32:

http://download.microsoft.com/download/e/e/9/ee9d0116-c9fe-4fc2-b59c-406cbfb6d515/xpsp3_5512.080413-2113_usa_x86fre_spcd.iso

Step #5 = attach the ubuntu iso again, using disks or gparted format the windows xp installation you just did, don't delete the partition just re-format it.

Step #6 = extract the .zip you made of your old xp install onto the newly formated drive

The idea behind this is that the installation disc setups up the drive for use in terms of bootloader etc and .zip deploys the old install much like imagex or dism would deploy a .wim file.


I know this sucks, but checking the obvious, did you verify that this is not hardware failure?  Does the mouse work on another system?


There is already a bug assigned.

See here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-ui-toolkit/+bug/1158246

The ui toolkit is still under heavy development, the bug is confirmed and assigned to the tutorials author David Planella.


Why is my Laptop keyboard messed up after plugging an external keyboard?

This looks like your Laptop keyboard has an integrated Numpad. It is active when enabling NumLock.
Your Laptop Numpad might have small drawings of numbers on right part of your keyboard with the following mapping:
jkl -> 123
uio -> 789
m -> 0

Disabling NumLock should give back those keys their primary function.

Hit Shift+NumLock several times to disable Numlock.
You might also have a combination with the Fn keys depending on your Laptop model.
If for some reason you are unable to get it done with your physical keyboard, this should help:

execute onboard in a terminal. This will open an on-screen keyboard.
click 123, then NumLock. After every click check if your Laptop keyboard is back to normal.

Notes:

On Mac keyboards the NumLock button is likely to be labelled "clear".


Error installing PHP 5.3 using phpfarm on ubuntu 15.04

You are probably hitting a problem with too new OpenSSL library.  You might try downloading and compiling OpenSSL 0.9.8zg https://openssl.org/source/ and using that version.  But I would rather recommend that if you absolutely have to use PHP 5.3, use a Debian LTS (squeeze) or Ubuntu Precise versions as they have security updates beyond upstream versions provided by Debian and Ubuntu security teams.


Kill process when PID is constantly changing

You can use ps to find the PID of the process, then pass that to kill:

kill $(ps -C /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-mtp -o pid=)

The -C flag specifies a command name to search for in the list of processes, and the -o pid= option means ps will print only the PID. The result is passed as the only argument to kill.


Problems making Afl-fuzzer using BinUtils on 14.04

Unless you have a particular reason to build afl from source, I would recommend using Ubuntu Xenial (16.04), which comes with afl in the repositories. Just run this:

sudo apt-get install afl

and now afl-gcc will be in your $PATH, so you won't get the No such file or directory error.

Next, install the dependencies required to build binutils:

sudo apt-get build-dep binutils

Now you can download and build the source to binutils into the current working directory with a single command, no sudo required:

apt-get source -b binutils

This will take a while to download and build. It won't be the latest sources, but that should not be necessary for fuzzing.

Once they are finished building, you will be in much better shape for recompiling with afl-gcc and starting the fuzzing process.


Cannot save the partition table and format sd card using gparted and fdisk

Did you enable the lock switch on the edge of the sd card? That would set it to readonly on a hardware basis.


Hibernating your computer should help.

As Wikipedia page for hibernation says:

  Hibernation in computing is powering down a computer while retaining
  its state.

  Upon hibernation, the computer saves the contents of its random access
  memory (RAM) to a hard disk or other non-volatile storage. Upon
  resumption, the computer is exactly as it was upon entering
  hibernation.

To enable hibernation:

Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T).
Run the following command:

gksudo gedit /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/hibernate.pkla

Paste these in the file:

[Enable Hibernate]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

Save and close the file.
Logout and login to see the hibernate option in the cog (Switch Off) menu.


Can't have tabs in the .xml file. <ThermalSensor> has two tabs in front of it. Use the following corrected /etc/thermald/thermal-conf.xml file...

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ThermalConfiguration>
<Platform>
        <Name>T430</Name>
        <ProductName>*</ProductName>
        <Preference>QUIET</Preference>
        <ThermalSensors>
                <ThermalSensor>
                        <Type>pkg-temp-0</Type>
                        <Path>/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp</Path>
                        <AsyncCapable>1</AsyncCapable>
                </ThermalSensor>
        </ThermalSensors>
        <ThermalZones>
                <ThermalZone>
                        <Type>cpu package</Type>
                        <TripPoints>
                                <TripPoint>
                                        <SensorType>pkg-temp-0</SensorType>
                                        <Temperature>90000</Temperature>
                                        <type>max</type>
                                        <ControlType>PARALLEL</ControlType>
                                        <CoolingDevice>
                                                <index>1</index>
                                                <type>rapl_controller</type>
                                                <influence> 50 </influence>
                                                <SamplingPeriod> 10 </SamplingPeriod>
                                        </CoolingDevice>
                                        <CoolingDevice>
                                                <index>2</index>
                                                <type>intel_pstate</type>
                                                <influence> 40 </influence>
                                                <SamplingPeriod> 10 </SamplingPeriod>
                                        </CoolingDevice>
                                        <CoolingDevice>
                                                <index>3</index>
                                                <type>intel_powerclamp</type>
                                                <influence> 30 </influence>
                                                <SamplingPeriod> 10 </SamplingPeriod>
                                        </CoolingDevice>
                                        <CoolingDevice>
                                                <index>4</index>
                                                <type>cpufreq</type>
                                                <influence> 20 </influence>
                                                <SamplingPeriod> 10 </SamplingPeriod>
                                        </CoolingDevice>
                                        <CoolingDevice>
                                                <index>5</index>
                                                <type>Processor</type>
                                                <influence> 10 </influence>
                                                <SamplingPeriod> 10 </SamplingPeriod>
                                        </CoolingDevice>
                                </TripPoint>
                        </TripPoints>
                </ThermalZone>
        </ThermalZones>
</Platform>
</ThermalConfiguration>


Added trash can to panel but it opens Gimp

I looked in Preferred Applications and found that the File Manager was set to Gimp.
When I changed it to Thunar, my Trash started working properly.


How can I install qTox on (k)ubuntu 17.04?

Easier than installing qTox:
You can install uTox trivially using the instructions linked in your question:
echo "deb https://pkg.tox.chat/debian stable $(lsb_release -cs)" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/tox.list
wget -qO - https://pkg.tox.chat/debian/pkg.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt install apt-transport-https
sudo apt update
sudp apt install utox

If you insist on using qTox, you can have a go at compiling it. I followed the installation instructions on GitHub.
Installing qTox:
The procedure below is what I did to successfully compile and install qTox on Ubuntu MATE 17.04. YMMV, but the instructions are for 16.04 and later.
Install git if not already done - we need that to get started
sudo apt install git

Make a new directory for the sources
mkdir $HOME/qTox
cd $HOME/qTox

Clone qTox (yes, I know we now have /home/$USER/qTox/qTox, there's a reason for this, honest!)
git clone https://github.com/qTox/qTox.git qTox

Before we try to do anything with that, we need to install the dependencies for it:
sudo apt install \
build-essential \
cmake \
libavcodec-dev \
libavdevice-dev \
libavfilter-dev \
libavutil-dev \
libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev \
libglib2.0-dev \
libgtk2.0-dev \
libopenal-dev \
libqrencode-dev \
libqt5opengl5-dev \
libqt5svg5-dev \
libsqlcipher-dev \
libswresample-dev \
libswscale-dev \
libxss-dev \
qrencode \
qt5-default \
qt5-qmake \
qttools5-dev-tools

We also need to compile toxcore, and for that, apparently we need:
sudo apt install \
libtool \
autotools-dev \
automake \
checkinstall \
check \
libopus-dev \
libvpx-dev \
libsodium-dev

OK we need to clone the toxcore repo:
git clone https://github.com/toktok/c-toxcore.git toxcore
cd toxcore

Notice we are in /home/$USER/qTox/toxcore. Tidy, no? :) Continue with:
git checkout v0.1.2
autoreconf -if
./configure

Now if the configure script complains, check that you followed all of the above steps correctly. If you are sure you have installed all the dependencies mentioned, and it complains about a missing library, try... I hate to say "search for the answer", but I'm saying it: try searching in your favourite search engine for the error message, and most likely you will find the answer on Stack Overflow. You can also try apt search <part-of-library-name>, but then you have to do some guesswork. In this case I think the list of dependencies is complete, so hopefully you will manage. If ./configure exits successfully, you can run
make

and if make exits successfully, you can run
sudo make install

(It's a good idea to use checkinstall instead of make install to create a deb package from the compiled files - then dpkg will know about your qtox and will help you to manage it)
echo '/usr/local/lib/' | sudo tee -a /etc/ld.so.conf.d/locallib.conf
sudo ldconfig

OK that was toxcore, now for qTox, which we're using cmake for
cd ../qTox     # or if you wandered off:  cd $HOME/qTox/qTox
cmake .        # don't forget the .
make

Wait patiently (or admire your amazing CPU if it all happens fast) and when it's done
sudo make install

(or use checkinstall)
And you are done. Run
qtox

To set up and start using it.


unable to see shared folders in ubuntu(guest) installed in vmware

Follow the steps. It worked for me for ubuntu 14.04 LTS running in vmware.

Make sure open-vm-tools is not installed.
sudo apt-get remove open-vm-tools

Make sure the updates are done:
sudo apt-get update
Make sure git is installed
sudo apt-get install git
Run the command to get the tools from repository.
sudo git clone https://github.com/rasa/vmware-tools-patches.git
cd to vmware-tools-folder
cd vmware-tools-patches
Run the patch
sudo ./download-tools.sh
Run the following patch
sudo ./untar-and-patch.sh
Run the complie.sh file
sudo ./compile.sh


find is using a LOT of resources - how do I find out why?

So it turns out the find command was being executed by the greyhole spool process.  I'm not quite sure how I will resolve it yet, since I use greyhole extensively on over 14TB of storage, but at least I know what the cause is.


Static IP in a VirtualBox VM that's "mobile"

You can write a script to determine what network it is on and set the IP accordingly.  e.g., if I'm on a 10.x network, get 10.1.2.3, and if I'm on a 192.x network, get 192.168.1.52.  I can help you write this if you give me a list of preferences you want.  Here's what I need:

What networks you expect to be on (10.2.3.x, 192.168.1.x, 169.254.x.x, 192.168.199.x, 10.54.43.x, etc)
What IP you want to get on those networks


No network devices available - Ubuntu 16.04 (No wifi/no Ethernet)

I found the solution here, post#4. Please, keep in mind that in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf you should have managed=true.


Here is my ufw configuration

sudo ufw enable         #Enable ufw
sudo ufw default deny   #By default deny everything
sudo ufw allow 22       #Allow port 22 (ssh) I also use this for sftp
sudo ufw allow 80       #Allow port 80 (http)
sudo ufw allow 9418     #Allow port 9418 (git) You probably wont need this
sudo ufw limit ssh/tcp  #Limit connections to ssh/tcp to slowdown possible attacks


Installed the server using this guide recently on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. There are a few mistakes in the guide:

You don't need some packs, some you should rename (This is an Ubuntu 16.04 only problem).
nano /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf

service imap-login {
  inet_listener imap {
    port = 0
}

You need to add here the address = your ip, or dovecot won't open a socket.
There is a mistake in dovecot-mysqlconfig in the guide. They recommending to uncomment disable_plaintext_auth = yes. But doing this is what doesn't allow you to login via mail clients through IMAP.
Also an Ubuntu 16.04 LTS only trouble is, that while installing MySQL I have installed a password validation plugin. Thus, it wont allow you to create a 'usermail' user with a weak password from the guide. You should create user like 'dovepost' and with a strong password and change it in those 3 mysql config files for postfix and dovecot that you create in the beginning of the guide.


Is there a way to block the use of swap memory for a specific program?

The operating system has no provisions to allow you to indicate selectively what processes can be swapped and what cannot. What you did is the best you can do: decreasing swapiness. To make sure your game does not use swap, you could temporarily disable swap (sudo swapoff). Based on your description, however, your system will then likely crash because it probably will run out of memory. With swap, it will not crash, but eventually start to be very slow, because chunks of physical memory are swapped back and forth to the much slower hard drive.
End conclusion: run a less memory consuming game or buy more physical RAM.


Run app from removable drive without sudo

Maybe yes, maybe no. Insert the USB key, wait several seconds for it to  be mounted, then type mount. It will give you several lines of output, one of which applies to the USB key. On my system (YMMV) this is (for one of my USB keys):

/dev/sdb1 on /media/walt/ADATA UFD type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uid=1000,gid=1000,shortname=mixed,dmask=0077,utf8=1,showexec,flush,uhelper=udisks2)

You hope for the presence of the exec option, and the absence of the noexec option.

Read man 8 mount to learn what these options mean.

Consider your school's Acceptable Use Policy. Is running programs from personal USB keys allowed? Is your Academic Career at risk if you do this?


You have to download the Ubuntu Server image https://www.ubuntu.com/server and install it on your virtual machine. This image doesn't ship with a GUI, only console.

Edit: There actually is a beautiful instruction on how to install Ubuntu on your own machine: https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-install-ubuntu-server


Software Updater showing updates for removed applications

I had to purge the following three packages:

sudo apt-get purge acroread
sudo apt-get purge acroread-bin
sudo apt-get purge acroread-common


12.10: ethernet device is not created on boot

I have found a solution! I pulled the battery out of my laptop for some time (over 30 seconds) and it worked! Thanks to AndresSM's answer here - Ethernet problems in Ubuntu 12.04.

I don't completely understand reasons behind this, but it seems that it has something to do with Wake-On-LAN and this could be the case:

something has disabled the network adapter at some point - could well be Windows (I don't have it installed for a long time already, but I can't recall when the issue started either);
then when I power on the laptop, the network card is disabled and Ubuntu does not recognize it at boot;
afterwards when I restart Ubuntu, it enables the card while stopping and it is available at start up again. The weird part in that case is why this enabling was not persistent.
after completely powering of the laptop by removing the battery the state of the network card was finally cleared. Note: I did not have Wake-On-LAN enabled at any point of time in BIOS.

The issue outlined above can be usually encountered on dual-boot systems and is covered here. The link was originally found in that same thread.

If anyone understands this topic better than I do right now, it would be great to learn how this really works. Thanks.


FN+F2 opens "Power Statistics". How to make it run a command?

I had the same problem and fixed it by going to "keyboard" (settings -> keyboard, or just type keyboard into the search bar). Then, click the arrow next to "system", and choose "hardware". Click "show power statistics", double click the keyboard binding and press backspace (this will clear the shortcut). You should be good to go after that!


My workaround so far is to use libreoffice and then paste the message into the composer editor but by far not my favorite solution. Unfortunately I have to stop using Thunderbird due to PGP issues.


Locate mouse helper in Xubuntu for visually impaired

About the original question: I too am an xfce user and am somewhat visually impaired.
I use the red pointer, but often can't find it in a cluttered desktop. Then I just use Alt+F1 which pulls up a file manager menu box. I don't need it, but it's always placed on the desktop with the cursor at one of its upper corners. Once I've located the cursor, I just left-click away from the file manager menu box, and I'm back in business.
Hope this helps the OP's mother.


What are the different htop kill signals?

First try

SIGTERM      15       Term    Termination signal

if this doesn't work

SIGKILL       9       Term    Kill signal

From man 7 signal

First the signals described in the original POSIX.1-1990 standard.

Signal     Value     Action   Comment
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SIGHUP        1       Term    Hangup detected on controlling terminal
                              or death of controlling process
SIGINT        2       Term    Interrupt from keyboard
SIGQUIT       3       Core    Quit from keyboard
SIGILL        4       Core    Illegal Instruction
SIGABRT       6       Core    Abort signal from abort(3)
SIGFPE        8       Core    Floating point exception
SIGKILL       9       Term    Kill signal
SIGSEGV      11       Core    Invalid memory reference
SIGPIPE      13       Term    Broken pipe: write to pipe with no
                              readers
SIGALRM      14       Term    Timer signal from alarm(2)
SIGTERM      15       Term    Termination signal
SIGUSR1   30,10,16    Term    User-defined signal 1
SIGUSR2   31,12,17    Term    User-defined signal 2
SIGCHLD   20,17,18    Ign     Child stopped or terminated
SIGCONT   19,18,25    Cont    Continue if stopped
SIGSTOP   17,19,23    Stop    Stop process
SIGTSTP   18,20,24    Stop    Stop typed at terminal
SIGTTIN   21,21,26    Stop    Terminal input for background process
SIGTTOU   22,22,27    Stop    Terminal output for background process

The signals SIGKILL and SIGSTOP cannot be caught, blocked, or
ignored.

Next the signals not in the POSIX.1-1990 standard but described in
SUSv2 and POSIX.1-2001.

Signal       Value     Action   Comment
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SIGBUS      10,7,10     Core    Bus error (bad memory access)
SIGPOLL                 Term    Pollable event (Sys V).
                                Synonym for SIGIO
SIGPROF     27,27,29    Term    Profiling timer expired
SIGSYS      12,31,12    Core    Bad argument to routine (SVr4)
SIGTRAP        5        Core    Trace/breakpoint trap
SIGURG      16,23,21    Ign     Urgent condition on socket (4.2BSD)
SIGVTALRM   26,26,28    Term    Virtual alarm clock (4.2BSD)
SIGXCPU     24,24,30    Core    CPU time limit exceeded (4.2BSD)
SIGXFSZ     25,25,31    Core    File size limit exceeded (4.2BSD)


The font size of Java-based application for 4K screen

I find an answer there: solution

So this one is to use a script acts as the front end of xpra. It can perform a scaling to the specific applicaiton you required.

// install some dependencies
sudo apt-get install xpra winswitch xvfb

// install it
curl "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kaueraal/run_scaled/master/run_scaled" > ~/.local/bin/run_scaled

chmod +x ~/.local/bin/run_scaled

// then you can run your app
run_scaled someapp

Although this one works fine, I wonther if there is other way to achieve the scaling problem.


The above error output means that you need more dependencies to be installed manually on Ubuntu 20.10 for wicd:
mkdir -p ~/Downloads/wicd
cd ~/Downloads/wicd

wget -c http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pygtk/python-gtk2_2.24.0-6_amd64.deb
wget -c http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pygtk/python-glade2_2.24.0-6_amd64.deb

wget -c http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/w/wicd/python-wicd_1.7.4+tb2-6_all.deb
wget -c http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/w/wicd/wicd-daemon_1.7.4+tb2-6_all.deb
wget -c http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/w/wicd/wicd-gtk_1.7.4+tb2-6_all.deb

# for 20.10
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libf/libffi/libffi7_3.3-4_amd64.deb
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pygobject-2/python-gobject-2_2.28.6-14ubuntu1_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pycairo/python-cairo_1.16.2-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb
wget -c http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/d/dbus-python/python-dbus_1.2.16-1build1_amd64.deb

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ./*.deb
sudo apt-get install ./*.deb # second time for correct configuration


I see that you are running steam.  I am also running steam on 14.04 LTS and only see the issue you are seeing when steam is running.  My guess is you have steam auto start?

If you manually exit steam (right click on it in the panel and Exit), then your logout will happen normally.


The folder ~/.thunderbird includes everything you need. It includes emails, accounts, settings, (email-) passwords etc. If you simply backup the folder regularly, you can simply copy it back to your newly installed system, into ~/ (which is your home directory, /home/yourname).

Even the installed extensions, add-ons etc. will be available instantly in most cases, with no other action but simply copying back the (whole) backed-up ~/.thunderbird -folder into ~/.

Couldn't be easier :)


Permission denied to create files in particular directory under home directory

The folder, quite obviously, is property of the root user, which is why you have to use sudo in order to interact with the folder. I don't think chown is able to apply permission changes to a folder, so you would have to go for the graphical route, as explained below.

[EDIT] A folders location typically doesn't affect it's permissions level or owner. For example, I could be the owner of a folder sitting in /usr/share/, but root could be the owner of a folder on my desktop. If you're wondering why it is this way, I'd say ask Bell Labs. They started it. :)

(I used Nemo, but the steps are the same for Nautilus)

First, open a terminal and type sudo nautilus (again, I used Nemo, but it's the same procedure), and enter your sudoer's password.

When Nautilus opens, navigate to the folder you wish to change permissions on. Depending on what program you use, you may see and "Elevated Privileges" notice. This is to remind the user to be careful with what they do, as root permissions could damage the computer if used the wrong way.

Now right click the folder you want to change and choose "Properties" go to the "Permissions" tab, and it should look something like this:

Select the dropdown menu for Owner and Group, and change them from "root" to your username (in my case, ben). It should look like this now:

If desired, click "Apply Permissions to Enclosed Files". Then close Nautilus and exit the terminal.


Nevermind.  I've figured out a way to do it.  If I switch to Twinview, then disable my default monitor, the TV becomes the only monitor, and thus the default, and the sound automatically switches to it.


Try to make a change in 3rd line from end of script:

Change:

-vpre

to

-preset:v


Is there any way I can run xampp on 11.10 x64?

It should just work as normal in 64 bit Ubuntu. Running XAMPP as a development server here on my Ubuntu 11.10 x64 without problems. Just follow the installation instructions and it should work out of the box!


The controls have changed since the accepted answer was posted. From Byobu's help page:

Split screen horizontally:

Shift+F2 or
Ctrl+A then |

Split screen vertically:

Ctrl+F2 or
Ctrl+A then %

Switch focus:

Shift+↑ ↓ ← → or
Ctrl+A then ↑ ↓ ← →


Flash on Ubuntu 16.04 NEVER works on ANY browser

I blacklisted the flashplugin-installer package on all my computers and uninstalled it because it's a very old version and I don't want that in Firefox. However I have pepperflashplugin-nonfree in Chromium which plays http://www.tsfjazz.com/player.html just fine, Chrome should also be fine.

Since you didn't provide any further details (I couldn't find the other examples you mentioned nor did you provide error messages or how it looks on your end) I cannot help you any further.


Trouble installing USBDM for Freescale microcontroller after Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

USBDM v4.12 requires libxerces-c3.1, however libxerces-c3.1 was replaced with libxerces-c3.2 in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

There is no problem with installing it as it does not conflict.  However, it has a couple of dependencies.

So:

From the Ubuntu 16.04 LTS package pages, download libxerces-c3.1 and libicu55
Install libicu55 with dpkg -i libicu55*.deb
Install libxerces-c3.1 with dpkg -i libxerces-c3.1*.deb
Install usbdm as before with dpkg -i usbdm_4.12.1.210-1-x86_64.deb


Unstable wired internet connection under Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

I had network packages break a few years ago.

Make a Live USB Linux Guide

Plug it into the affected machine and load into it.

Download the packages you need from here (I have forgotten just how I pulled all the right ones for my hardware, sorry. Leaving work shortly).

Store them to the hard drive.

Boot back into your hard drive and install them via a package manager.
Alternatively, you can possibly install drivers from here but you might need to compile them yourself.

Hope this helps and maybe at the least gets you in the right direction. o7


As long as /etc/init/network-manager.override contains manual, Network Manager will not start automatically when you boot, you will have to do:

sudo service network-manager start # or restart

To re-enable automatic start for Network Manager, remove that file:

sudo rm /etc/init/network-manager.override


Well don't feel bad you aren't the first one to make that same exact mistake.

The solution from this Webupd8 post is to reset all of Compiz's settings with this command, then log out and back in (or just restart). Read the linked post before you do this, it has several points you should consider.

gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/compiz-1
gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/compizconfig-1
unity --reset

Be careful with CCSM, it's easy to really mess things up fast when experimenting with it.


This is something very simple to set up.  I would utilize the boot menu of the motherboard to get things working.  If you already have one OS set up, just disconnect the hard drive you don't want to overwrite.

Once everything is set with Linux on the SSD and Windows on the HDD, you can add the mount point for the HDD editing /etc/fstab.  You will need to get the uuid of the drive you want to mount though.

Create a mount point in /mnt/ like Windows, or whatever you want to call it.  With the uuid of the drive, mount the ntfs partion at that mount point.

Once you have got it configured, you can add the windows boot link to your grub menu by using sudo update-grub.  On the next boot you should see the Windows 7 boot loader.


How to set Nemo as the default file manager in Ubuntu 18.04?

Fully tested in Ubuntu 18.04 running the default Gnome desktop.

Update 8 Aug. 2020: also verified in Ubuntu 20.04.

Why use nemo over nautilus? See the several screenshots at the very end showing the great usage of space and features which nemo has.

This works for me: https://itsfoss.com/install-nemo-file-manager-ubuntu/
To use Nemo instead of Nautilus as your default file manager, including to manage desktop icons, do:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nemo
xdg-mime default nemo.desktop inode/directory application/x-gnome-saved-search
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons false
gsettings set org.nemo.desktop show-desktop-icons true

# Then also install these tools so we can adjust some settings next
sudo apt install dconf-editor gnome-tweak-tool

# Start up the nemo desktop to allow nemo to control the desktop icons too
nemo-desktop&  # We use `&` here to run it in the background

[also do this for Ubuntu 20.04 or later START]
(I can't remember if this is required for Ubuntu 18.04 too or not, but I had to do it on Ubuntu 20.04)
ON UBUNTU 20.04, you must also change a setting in the new "Extensions" program which we just installed (or "activated", maybe?--I'm not sure) above with sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool. Press your Super key (Windows key on a PC keyboard, or Command key on a Mac running Linux), then type in "extensions", and click the Extensions program:

Inside this program, click the slider to turn off "Desktop Icons", as shown below. This turns OFF the nautilus desktop icons so that we can just have the nemo desktop icons instead. If you don't do this, you'll get a weird desktop with unusable nautilus desktop icons covered up by usable nemo desktop icons, as shown a couple images down.

Here's a snapshot of my desktop:
Before:
(Shows the newly-activated nemo desktop superimposed on top of the now-unusable nautilus desktop):

After:
(Now shows just the newly-activated nemo desktop, with the default Ubuntu gnome nautilus desktop icons now disabled, as I want):

[also do this for Ubuntu 20 or later END]

Now add the command nemo-desktop to your startup applications to turn on the nemo desktop icons at every boot.

Reboot (or just log out and then log back in) and run xdg-open $HOME to ensure it opens up your home folder in nemo now, and NOT in nautilus like it used to.
Set up nemo desktop icons:
If you want your Computer, Home, Trash, etc. icons on your desktop again (you can see some of these shown in a screenshot farther below), see Mark Greaves' answer here. In my own words: ensure dconf-editor is installed:
sudo apt install dconf-editor

Press your Super key (Windows key on a PC keyboard, or Command key on a Mac running Linux), then type in "dconf editor", and click the program:

Navigate to: org --> nemo--> desktop. You have options to show the following 5 things. Enable whichever ones you like. I recommend you don't change anything else unless you know exactly what you're doing:

computer-icon-visile (I like to enable this one--shown in the screenshot just below)
home-icon-visible (I like to enable this one--shown in the screenshot just below)
network-icon-visible
trash-icon-visible
volumes-visible

To change the desktop icon size when using Nemo as your file manager:
In Ubuntu 18.04, simply right-click on the desktop and go to Desktop --> Icon Size, as shown here:

In Ubuntu 20.04, you'll have to right-click on the desktop and then go to "Customize". It brings up a new window as shown below. I've highlighted a few things you may want to customize. One of them is a drop-down menu for "Icon Size", for example. The sliders at the bottom and right can be used to adjust horizontal and vertical desktop icon grid spacing, respectively.

To go back to using Nautilus instead of Nemo:
xdg-mime default nautilus.desktop inode/directory application/x-gnome-saved-search
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons true
sudo apt purge nemo nemo*
sudo apt autoremove

And remove the nemo-desktop command from your startup applications.
To choose which desktop options to display in Nautilus:
For Ubuntu 18.04, first ensure the gnome-tweak-tool is installed:
sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Then open it by searching for "Tweaks" in your start menu, and going to --> Desktop tab on left:

For Ubuntu 20.04, I believe the Nautilus desktop icons are just controlled by the "Extensions" GUI tool I've previously shown above.
Why use nemo over Ubuntu's default nautilus file manager?
This one's easy. Take a look at the beautiful use of space that nemo permits in Compact view. Look at all of the files you can see at once!
(Note that this view is NOT zoomed out all the way. You can still zoom out one more time while still seeing the file names, and one more time after that to see only tiny icons). I LOVE how compact you can see everything! Let this be a model for GUI file manager designers (Microsoft & Apple & Ubuntu/Nautilus, take note! :))

Versus the really user-unfriendly and space-wasting views available in the nautilus file manager (looking in the same directory in an identically-sized window):

Icon view (zoomed all the way out):

Or, list view (zoomed all the way out):

Aweful, in my opinion! I can't see hardly any files in comparison and it's much more difficult to find things!
Enough said. Notice the nice address bar you can easily type in in nemo too. In nautilus you have to use Ctrl + L to see the address bar to type in.
Troubleshooting:
If you can't get nemo to become your default file manager used by some tool like Dash to Panel, try the following (untested):

Search the repo for nautilus and manually replace it with nemo. See the search for "nautilus" in the Dash to Panel source code here: https://github.com/home-sweet-gnome/dash-to-panel/search?q=nautilus. OR:

Make your computer open nemo whenever nautilus is run, by making a symbolic link named "nautilus" in your ~/bin folder, but have it point to nemo!:
mkdir -p ~/bin  # create ~/bin dir if it doesn't exist
# see where the executable for nautilus is; sample output: `/usr/bin/nautilus`
which nautilus
# see where the executable for nemo is; sample output: `/usr/bin/nemo`
which nautilus
# create symlink to back nautilus path up; this allows running
# `nautilus_real` to run the real `nautilus`!
ln -s /usr/bin/nautilus ~/bin/nautilus_real
# create a new `nautilus` symlink to point to `nemo`; this means
# that if you run `nautilus` it will actually run `nemo`!
ln -s /usr/bin/nemo ~/bin/nautilus

Log out and log back in. Now, running nemo will run nemo, running nautilus will run nemo, and running nautilus_real will run nautilus.
To undo these aliases, simply delete those two symlinks you just created above:
rm ~/bin/nautilus_real
rm ~/bin/nautilus

Related:

Note that this answer was moved to this location from here: Change default file manager Ubuntu 18.04
How to change desktop icon size?
How to display Trash and Home folder icons?

Other things you might want to change:

[my answer] How can I add "Show desktop" to the GNOME dash or Ubuntu Dock?
[my answer] How can I create launchers on my desktop?
[my answer] How can I snap a window in a corner with 18.04?
[my answer] Permanently fix Chrome scroll speed


Try this:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-headers-4.4.0-51-generic
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Please note that if you manually installed or compiled any kernel modules, you will need to recompile the modules for a new kernel version if a new kernel version is installed.


i5-6300HQ max CPU frequency set to 760 MHz in Ubuntu 15.04

One way I was able to fix this was by installing kernel 4.3. Noticed that this issue wasn't happening when I used a 15.10 live disk.

Note: some Nvidia drivers do not work on 4.x kernels, so I had to install mine from ppa:graphics-drivers to make it work.


A cli calculator that recognizes wrong math syntax?

What about calc

sudo apt-get install apcalc

Examples

% calc 1/0
    Error 10001

% calc foo + bar
"foo" is undefined
Error in commands

% calc 5/2
    2.5

Or qalc

% qalc 1/0
error: Division by zero.
1 / 0 = 1 / 0

% qalc foo + bar
error: "foo" is not a valid variable/function/unit.
0 + bar = 1 bar

% qalc 5/2
5 / 2 = 2.5

bc

echo "1/0" | bc
Runtime error (func=(main), adr=3): Divide by zero

echo "scale=1; 5/2" | bc
2.5

And this is correct, 0 + 0 is 0

% echo "foo+bar" | bc
0

Or gcalccmd, the console version of gnome-calculator the calculator of the GNOME desktop environment.

Examples

% gcalccmd
> 1/0
Error (null)
> foo + bar
Error 3
> 5/2
2,5

Note that gcalccmd does not have readline support, so only the most basic line editing features are available. (Backspace works, but left/right keys don't)


Nautilus crashing during a search is a known issue. As of now, the bug is being fixed. The issue is marked as fixed, and is rolling out in nautilus - 1:3.26.4-0ubuntu5 for the upcoming cosmic release. A fix for for the LTS release 18.04 also appears to be on its way.


record of swap/memory usage - how to do it?

You only use swap when:

You're out of RAM. Inactive things in RAM are paged out to disk (in swap).
You hibernate. The entire contents of RAM is dumped in swap so it can be loaded when the power is back on.

Having some swap is very useful but you only need a big swap if you want to hibernate. Otherwise a couple of gigabytes as a reserve is good enough.

And 5GB is a really weird number. RAM usually works fastest in equally specced pairs or triplets (depending on your system). You might get better performance from 2×2GB than 1×2GB+3×1GB (even though the second is more RAM).

But for long-term logging, there are a number of options. sysstat looks like the easiest deploy-and-forget.


How to prevent some packages from automatically being removed?

You can use apt-mark to mark a package as manually installed so that it will not be automatically removed while removing some other package (because it is a dependency of this package hence is marked as auto installed).

For example, in my computer i am mark-ing zenity as manually installed:

% apt-mark showauto zenity
zenity

% sudo apt-mark manual zenity
zenity set to manually installed.

% apt-mark showmanual zenity
zenity

In you case, you need:

sudo apt-mark manual transcriber


This error message occurs when the kernel runs the root PCI bridge
  _OSC control method in your firmware and the execution fails, perhaps due to a bug in the firmware or perhaps it does not exist. The kernel
  hence cannot determine the features supported or capabilities provided
  by the device (as specified by your firmware) and hence has to disable
  PCIe ASPM (Active State Power Management).

  The downside of Active State Power Management not being enabled is
  that the machine is less power efficient, however, one can force this
  on with the kernel boot parameter "pcie_aspm=force" however, forcing
  this on may cause system lockups.

Source


how do I grep specific pattern from a Line using grep command?

Use grep with lookahead. It looks for one or more number followed by a % and only prints the number.

grep -Po "[0-9]+(?=%)"

-P : Perl-compatible regular expression so we can  use lookahead.
-o : Only print the matched parts.

$ echo '/dev/sda3 22G 4.1G 17G 20% /vol/store' | grep -Po "[0-9]+(?=%)"
20


bash script move file to folders based in name

Simply transform the filename into data space, then manipulate it to extract the information you want, then use the information. NOTE: For production, use a more constrained file match than /tftpboot/*.cfg

#!/bin/bash
for file in /tftpboot/*.cfg ; do
    ipaddr=$( echo "$file" | cut -d/ -f3 | cut -d_ -f1 )
    [ -d /deploy/backups/${ipaddr} || mkdir -p /deploy/backups/${ipaddr}
    mv --verbose "$file" /deploy/backups/${ipaddr}/
done


You have to run the command with superuser privileges.

So instead of apt-get install wine, type sudo apt-get install wine.


AMD Ati Radeon HD 4870 Drivers on Ubuntu 14.04

Your card is no longer supported by AMD. AMD now only support HD5000 and above with their proprietary driver.

This is the compatibility list from the release note of the AMD Catalyst Proprietary Linux Graphic Driver v14.4:

Desktop Product Family Compatibility
AMD Radeon™ R9 290 Series   AMD Radeon™ HD 8000 Series
AMD Radeon™ R9 280 Series   AMD Radeon™ HD 7000 Series
AMD Radeon™ R9 270 Series   AMD Radeon™ HD 6000 Series
AMD Radeon™ R7 260 Series   ATI Radeon™ HD 5000 Series
AMD Radeon™ R7 250 Series
AMD Radeon™ R7 240 Series

All-In-One Desktop Product Family Compatibility
AMD Radeon™ HD 7600A Series AMD Radeon™ HD 6600A Series
AMD Radeon™ HD 7450A Series AMD Radeon™ HD 6350A Series

AMD Embedded Product Family Compatibility
AMD Radeon™ E6760   AMD Radeon™ E6460

AMD APU Product Family Compatibility
Desktop Mobile
AMD Radeon™ HD 8000D Series AMD Radeon™ HD 8000G Series
AMD Radeon™ HD 7000D Series AMD Radeon™ HD 7000G Series
AMD Radeon™ HD 6000D Series AMD Radeon™ HD 6000G Series

AMD Mobility Product Family Compatibility
AMD Radeon™ HD 8000M Series AMD Radeon™ HD 6000M Series
AMD Radeon™ HD 7000M Series ATI Mobility Radeon™ HD 5000 Series

Also see AskUbuntu: Is my ATI graphics card supported in Ubuntu? and Launchpad #1058040 fglrx-installer not working with AMD Radeon/Mobility Radeon HD 2000-4000 cards in Quantal.

The good news is that your card is now fully supported by the open source radeon driver.


Ok boot your computer to login screen and then type as CTRL + ALT + F1

login there with your username and password . Then run this command

 sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg

hope that helps .


How To Enable Disk Encryption For F2FS Formatted Drives?

F2FS supports file-level encryption. If you are looking for full disk encryption, EXT4 would be what you are looking for.

Source: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/F2FS


Reconfiguring Lightdm can fix your problem

Press CTRL+ALT+F1 when blank screen appears.
If tty1 CLI appears then login with your user name and execute following commands

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

then chose lightdm from the list, and restart your system:

sudo reboot now

If this doesn't work then you have to follow following methods.

Installing GDM (a display manager like lightdm) can fix your problem:

Method 1:

This method works when you are able to go to at least the command line interface.

Press CTRL+ALT+F1 or CTRL+ALT+F2 when your system starts and starts freezing or black screen appears. It will let you to use Command Line Interface. Then login using your username and password, and try following commands:

$ sudo apt-get install gdm
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm

then selected gdm from the list, and restarted your system:
$ sudo reboot

Your system will be restarted with a login screen which will let you to access your system.

Method 2: If 1st didn't work for you then you can try this method. But it would be very long for you:

Here are the steps how to install using 2nd method

Go to following link and download gdm for Ubuntu 12.04.2 amd64. (chose ubuntu
proposed universe out of three listed there.)

http://pkgs.org/download/gdm
Put the *.deb file just installed to any pendrive.
Then login in save mode or Recovery Mode. After a lot of text displayed in black

screen one window will come which list some options. First go to option Grub, it
will mount your file system in read/write mode. Then chose root option in order
to login as root. Then go to the pendrive where you saved the deb file. The drive
should be listed in in /media. I am assuming that you saved the file in gdm
directory inside pendrive (pendrive is the name of your pendrive)

# cd /media && ls

(which will list your pendrive if you don't get pendrive
 folder then go to Mount Pendrive Section at last, then come back here and continue to next step.)

# cd /media/pendrive/gdm

(go to gdm directory where .deb file is saved.)

# dpkg -i *.deb

(installing gdm)
While installing gdm one window will come which will ask your to chose lightdm or gdm
from the list. Chose gdm. If this window doesn't appear then try following command:

# dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

(chose gdm) Then finally execute following command:

# reboot (reboot your system)

Mount Pendrive Section

Mounting pendrive while working in recovery mode.

Run this command:

    # fdisk -l

Find your device in the list, it is probably something like /dev/sdb1. Then execute other commands one by another:

    # mkdir /media/pendrive

Run this command if your pendrive is formatted in FAT/FAT32.

# mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/pendrive -o uid=1000,gid=1000,utf8,dmask=027,fmask=137

Or this command if your pendrive is formatted in NTFS

# mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 /media/pendrive

Hope it will work for you.. For any further assistance please reply..


Is it possible to have a panel on second monitor in Ubuntu Budgie?

Currently, you can not do that.
As far as I know, it will appear in Budgie 11.0, so I guess you could wait some time for 11.0 or have a look at the Budgie 11 development repo and see if you find what you need. (I'd say it's probably not worth it, and I assume they haven't even touched that topic in development yet, but you can at least try)
As for a workaround, I didn't find any.

The other way would be using a different panel/dock like the preinstalled plank


"unable to mount location "while click on my 750gb hdd linux mint

Try the following, assuming your first partition on your hard drive corresponds to /dev/sdb1

sudo mkdir /xyz

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /xyz

The folder /xyz should be your hdd's mount point.


How to edit the notification configuration?

You are looking for NotifyOSDConfiguration. Try

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install notifyosdconfig

then either search from the dash for "notify" or run in terminal

NotifyOSDConfiguration

Capitals matter.


Ubuntu 13.10 + Gnome 3.10, some menu's lack left padding

As it turns out the instructions from webupd8 are incomplete and I was still on gnome 3.8. I tried again using the instructions given here: http://www.webupd8.org/2013/09/how-to-install-gnome-310-in-ubuntu-1310.html

This resolved my issue.


No photo album sharing like DropBox in Ubuntu One

Well, what I do for now is use both. I use the free 2GB in Dropbox for things like you've mentioned, and I purchased the $29 yearly plan for Ubuntu One which gives me 22 GB of storage for most all of my data. The more bugs you can report and more requests to U1, the better it will get!


Run in a terminall

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-dell.conf <<< "blacklist dell_wmi"

and reboot.


problem installing setup files for windows

as the best alternative to wine I can suggest you playonlinux , which is also have ability to run windows applications in Ubuntu.

to install it open your terminal and type as

sudo apt-get install playonlinux

That will install playonlinux in your Ubuntu.

More information you can find here : playonlinux


why not using this.. from german site try to ..translate..

sudo apt-get install x11vnc

sudo x11vnc -storepasswd KENNWORT /etc/x11vnc.pass

and make it permanent:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/x11vnc.service

containing this:

  [Unit]
  Description=x11vnc-Server

  [Service]
  ExecStart=/usr/bin/x11vnc -auth guess -forever -localhost -loop -noxdamage -o /var/log/x11vnc.log -rfbauth /etc/x11vnc.pass -rfbport 5900 -shared

  [Install]
  WantedBy=multi-user.target

After you save then exit from the nano text editor, run

sudo systemctl enable  x11vnc.service

then reboot.

This is from a German site,  https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/VNC/#VNC-Server-bei-jedem-Bootvorgang-starten

Greetings, bernd


What is the default apache2 log format and where is defined such default?

For Ubuntu 16.04, you can find the global configuration file here:

/etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Therein it defines some LogFormat directives.

LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

The out-of-the-box virtual host configuration file is here:

/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

And inside you will find that it declares:

CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

The combined alias refers to the second LogFormat in the aforementioned global config:

"%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\""


How to add Ubuntu One icon as an indicator?

I think you are looking for the Ubuntu One indicator.

To install the indicator, run these commands in a terminal:

12.04

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rye/ubuntuone-extras
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install indicator-ubuntuone

11.10 and earlier

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rye/ubuntuone-extras
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install ubuntuone-indicator

Reference:

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/04/ubuntu-one-indicator-applet-adds-new-features/


Cannot start rc-local.service: Failed to connect to X Server

Thanks @bodhi.zazen for their kind instruction in the comments to my question!

To answer my question:

The problem is actually caused by the commands in rc.local, which contains the following line to enable natural scrolling:

/usr/bin/synclient VertTwoFingerScroll=1
/usr/bin/synclient HorizTwoFingerScroll=1
/usr/bin/synclient VertScrollDelta=-150
/usr/bin/synclient HorizScrollDelta=-150

However, executing this command requires connecting to the X Server, which all graphical applications depend on. However, rc.local is executed before X server is started, and thus the Failed to connect to X Server error.

To fix this, simply remove that line from rc.local, and sudo service rc.local start would work fine.

To answer my actual question:

Removing that line does not enable natural scrolling, though. In order to do this, you need to put the configuration in a Xorg configuration file.

Add the following lines to /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/60-synaptics-options.conf, note that you don't have to chmod a+x.

# Synaptic options
Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "touchpad"
    Driver "synaptics"
    MatchIsTouchpad "on"
        # Enable natural scrolling
        Option "VertTwoFingerScroll" "1"
        Option "HorizTwoFingerScroll" "1"
        Option "VertScrollDelta" "-150"
        Option "HorizScrollDelta" "-150"
EndSection

reboot, and natural scrolling is enabled!


What should I put on the "Devvice for boot loader installation" part?

Choose /dev/sda (hard disk's master boot record) otherwise the computer will boot directly to Windows. And be careful, choosing "Windows 7 (loader)" will probably prevent you from boot Windows.

The default filesystem for Ubuntu installation is ext4 and there should be at least a mount point for /.


Go to xfce4's settings -> Session and Startup -> Application Autostart, and there disable "Screen Locker". After i did that, Xfce4's power manager behaved the way i was expecting. It seems that this "screen Locker" program, which seems to be part of LightDM, interfers with the xubuntu Xfce4 power manager, switching off the screen unrecoverably. After i disabled "Screen Locker" from being loaded at start, the monitor stayed on, like i wanted it to. Good luck ^^


Why is SysRq doc not where specified by `man vlock`?

The kernel documentation can be found in the linux-doc package.  Once that is installed, you should be able to find the file under /usr/share/doc/linux-doc.

The /usr/src/linux/Documentation location is a bit of an anachronism.  It used to be common to unpack the Linux kernel source code under /usr/src/linux, which would have placed the documentation in the location you mentioned.  However these days most people use the pre-built kernels from their distribution, and even if they do build their own kernel they are likely to do it in their home directory instead.


Bind9 on Ubuntu (proof of concept question)

Yes.

Bind is an advanced and more or less feature-complete dns-server. Whatever tricks you want to do with DNS, can probably be done with Bind.

It sounds like you want to set up Bind with a authoritative zone (master zone), and one or more forwarders.

It may be easier to configure dnsmasq, but Bind will certainly work in this scenario.


Ubuntu 12.04 not detecting windows 7 os during installation

Well, it says stuff like:

=================== UEFI/Legacy mode:
This live-session is not EFI-compatible.
EFI in dmesg.

Maybe it was booted in legacy mode and not in EFI mode?
It also says:

Warning: /dev/sda contains GPT signatures, indicating that it has a GPT table.
However, it does not have a valid fake msdos partition table, as it should.
Perhaps it was corrupted -- possibly by a program that doesn't understand GPT
partition tables.  Or perhaps you deleted the GPT table, and are now using an
msdos partition table.  Is this a GPT partition table?

Maybe something is broken? Or it's only a side effect of not booting in EFI mode?

Please someone, convert this answer into a comment :)


How to configure Micromax 352g USB Modem?

First edit the modules file by running this command:

gksu gedit /etc/modules

That will open a text editor. Add these lines at the bottom of the file:

usbserial
option

This works for me, hope this will work for you also.


How get system (14.04) to read/recognize a blank DVD disc?

Have you tried formatting it in GParted?  My disk reader does the same thing for blank disks, and GParted is the only program that will read them for me.


Can I run nginx and apache at the same time?

Apache and Nginx can definitely run simultaneously. The default config will not allow them to start at the same time because they will both try to listen on the same port and the same IP.

However, you can easily either change the ports or ports and IPs, or IPs.
There are various ways to make them run either one behind the other(usually Apache behind Nginx because Nginx will be the first entry point in the chain since it's faster for static resources, and Apache will then only be triggered for some advanced dynamic rendering/processing) or just side by side.
Check this to start with:
http://kbeezie.com/apache-with-nginx/


Will python2.7 be available for 10.04 in the future?

Had the same problem with a VPS that can't be upgraded to Maverick (even the new LTS images aren't always made available on time). Marius' answer did the trick to get me started, but it should be expanded upon:

Add the PPA to your sources

If you're in my situation, the simple advice of running add-apt-repository won't work for you. So let's do this the old-fashioned way:

Open the file /etc/apt/sources.list (you need root privileges; if you're on the shell, this probably means running sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list).
Go all the way to the bottom of the file (if using vim, switch to insert mode by pressing i) and add the following lines:

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/fkrull/deadsnakes/ubuntu lucid main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/fkrull/deadsnakes/ubuntu lucid main

Save and exit (in vim: type :wq) and go back to a shell.
Enter the following (you can find the correct key at the PPA; it's the part after the slash in the "technical details" -- make sure you got the right one):

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys DB82666C

Now enter the following to update your source list:

sudo apt-get update

Install and set up Python 2.7

Open up a shell on your server and enter the following:

sudo apt-get install python2.7 python2.7-dev

To get easy_install working, get the distribute bootscrap script:

curl -O http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py
python2.7 distribute_setup.py

Finally, you want pip and virtualenv working if you plan to do anything serious:

easy_install-2.7 pip
pip-2.7 install virtualenv

Setting up a virtualenv

Create the folder for your new environment and open it:

mkdir my_env && cd my_env

Create the virtual environment itself (the dot indicates the current directory is the location of the environment, replace it with the correct path if you skipped the previous step):

virtualenv --no-site-packages --python=python2.7 .

Activate the environment. You'll notice the shell prompt changes to reflect the active environment:

source bin/activate

Whatever you do in this shell now will use the scripts in the virtual environment's bin folder and that environment's Python packages. Keep in mind the option --no-site-packages means you're starting with the minimal set of packages (including pip, however), so you need to install all packages you'll need.
When you're done, deactivate the environment (this is a command recognized by the active environment):

deactivate

You can also install packages into the virtual environment by passing the -E option to pip (e.g. pip install some-package -E /path/to/virtual/environment to install some-package to the virtual environment on the given path). Keep in mind you'll have several different versions of pip corresponding to the different Python versions installed.

It's a good idea to use pip-2.7 if you want to install packages for Python 2.7 when working outside a virtual environment (the --python=python2.7 option we passed to virtualenv means the virtual environment will use the Python 2.7 versions of the tools it provides, so you don't have to worry about that).


In the Ubuntu family, the lowest resource usage is with Lubuntu which uses the lxde desktop environment. You will want the 64 bit version which can be downloaded here.
That download is for the 15.10 release which has a shorter support time-frame. So, your post indicates that you're new to Linux or, at least, to Lubuntu. Because of this, I'm going to actually suggest that you download the LTS (Long Term Stable) version. Again, your CPU is 64 bit so you will want to download the 64 bit version. For the sake of consistency, I strongly recommend that you do go ahead and use the LTS version until you're used to it and then you can decide if you want to use something a little more bleeding edge.

You will want to format your USB drive. This means that you'll loose any information that you already have on that drive so be sure to back that information up. You will want to format the drive in FAT32. Using Windows you can just insert the drive, open Windows Explorer, right click on it, and select to format the drive.

Download the .ISO file from the site linked above to your current PC. Once you have downloaded the .ISO from the site then you will want to copy the image to a USB drive. Now, this is not really a direct copy, you don't just drag and drop it there. Instead, you need to use the .ISO (an image file) and some special software to do this. I recommend that you use unetbootin for this. It is fairly simply and does a good job.

Then you'll boot the computer and change the boot order to boot to USB drive first. On the Acer Aspire One models this means that you press the DEL key during boot. In those settings you can select to boot to USB as the first order of boot.

Then, you're on the way. This page gives a nice rundown of how to do the actual installation process. If you have any specific questions then we can probably help with those.

Some final notes:

Your netbook is a bit dated now. There's not a whole lot of RAM and the CPU is woefully underpowered. Compared to your current OS, it will probably run much better than before. I've installed Lubuntu on a few netbooks (specifically from Acer) in the past and found the performance to be acceptable but one needs to keep in mind what the computer is capable of. You won't be running YouTube videos in full screen and in high definition. You won't be running a bunch of applications at one time. You won't be opening a few dozen tabs.

However, if you just want to browse the web, maybe read something on the go, or if you want to check email and maybe do some quick note taking then it's absolutely fine. I've had nary a hardware issue so there should be no difficulty in those regards. I've not done so in a while but I am presuming that the hardware support is the same as it has always been.

I should also add that, given the nature of the beast, I'd not bother with trying to dual-boot the OS. You can, if you want, but Windows 7 (the OS that the netbook came with) is no longer in mainstream support, support ended January 13, 2015 and it will be EOL (End Of Life) in 2020 - so you'll get no new updates except for security updates. You'll get no new features. Dual booting is probably not required for you - it's not likely that you're using your netbook to do any serious gaming as it is. Unless you have a very compelling reason then I'd just recommend formatting it entirely and installing Linux in its default mode.

It is easier to install and make sure that it is configured properly when it is the only Operating System on the computer but it will also give you motivation to learn about Ubuntu and Linux. Dual booting can be done but, unless you have some very specific application that you can't live without, Linux will almost certainly accomplish anything you'd want to do on netbook hardware.


the purpose of locale-gen and localization files

The locale definition files, with the information in cleartext (well, sort of...), are located in the /usr/share/i18n/locales folder. The compiled locale data is stored in the /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive file, which is normally far smaller than 50 MB. To see which locales are currently compiled you can run:

locale -a


How do I enable the "extras" repository?

This repository should be enabled by default and is only available for 10.10 and up.
Ubuntu Desktop
In the Software Center (Applications -> Ubuntu Software Center) navigate to Edit -> Software Sources...

From there navigate to the Other Software tab and ensure the Independent sources are selected

Press close and allow the sources to reload.
Ubuntu Server
Open the APT Sources list
sudoedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Locate the lines which say

Remove the hash (#) tag from those lines. If the hashes are not present then that source is already enabled. If those lines aren't there at all you will need to add them to the bottom of the file:
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main

Close the editor and run
sudo apt-get update

This will download the package cache from the extra's location.
Reference:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/AppReviews


What are the advantages and disadvantages of always running Ubuntu in "Try" mode?

When you "try" Ubuntu you basically run the operating system from the USB itself with everything needed loaded into memory.

When you setup your USB stick it asks you for additional space to use in order to keep your data. There you can store data that you may use between sessions. For example, you can "try" Ubuntu, connect to a network and then restart and boot again from the USB. The network you connected to will be remembered from data saved into the USB itself.

Main Advantages:

Not another Operating System into your hard disk. You don't have to deal with partitioning and it doesn't slow a bit your boot time by showing the grub menu.
Portable. You can boot from that USB from any PC that supports booting from USB.

Main Disadvantages:

Things generally run slower than usual because of lower read/write speed in USB sticks.
Every time you have to insert your USB and wait for the Operating System to load through it. This can be very slow if your USB is slow itself.
Very limited disk space. The 'disk space' is essentially the space you've configured to use inside the USB (while writing the ISO to the USB). So things can get tight.

All of the above considering that you are booting Ubuntu from a USB stick.

Of course, you can install Ubuntu alongside Windows and select from a menu your OS of choice on each PC restart.


The package (32 bit) you are looking for is libbz2-1.0:i386, its 64 bit version is libbz2-1.0:amd64.

At first enable multi-arch support (if not done already):

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

Now run:

sudo apt-get update

You can now install the package by:

sudo apt-get install libbz2-1.0:i386