How can I discover and install a list of dependent libraries?

Install the apt-file package, that gives you the reverse mapping you want.

apt-file search libstdc++

Should build the index (first time only), and result in the packages, one of which is libstdc++6.
Searching for libSDL results in only the 1.2... versions, not the 2.2 version.


How can I connect Ubuntu 14.04 to my wireless printer canon MG5520

if you open a terminal and do lpinfo -vand hit the Enter key; if you see the canon recorded there, then it should mean it is talking ok to the router;

use the Canon drivers; so go here and look for MG5500 series IJ Printer Driver Ver.4.00 for Linux (debian Packagearchive) click to download and SAVE it and it should end up in your Downloads folder as cnijfilter-mg5500series-4.00-1-deb.tar.gz

open a terminal; copy each command below; paste into the terminal; hit the ENTER key

cd Downloads

tar -zxvf cnijfilter-mg5500series-4.00-1-deb.tar.gz

cd cnijfilter-mg5500series-4.00-1-deb

sudo ./install.sh

that last command is the install script; watch as it runs as it will ask you questions; we hope all goes well


Upgraded to Ubuntu 19.10 from 19.04 - System no longer boots (boot-repair also not working)

Boot-repair is intended to be run from the LiveCD as it says. Make a LiveCD or Live-USB and use that. Or fix boot manually, as detailed in this related question. E.g. Boot through Grub rescue. (Type ls to get list of partitions. And then ls on each to find one with ext2).

set root=(hd0,msdos6)
set prefix=(hd0,msdos6)/boot/grub
insmod normal
normal

And then follow more detailed instructions in the above link for discovering and entering in the details for your particular setup, probably just

update-grub /dev/hdb
grub-install

(I put /dev/hdb instead of the usual /dev/hda, assuming your output of fdisk -l is showing the correct place to put /boot. Or wherever you want to put your Grub boot loader)


The reason why it does not work is that the sda1 partition is 'mounted'. It is accessed  by some software and kept in RAM memory for various reasons. It's just like in Windows when some file is being blocked from deletion while accessed/opened by some software. You need to 'unmount' that partition in order to edit it in GParted.

This cannot be done from within a running system, you will have to (create and) use a GParted or Ubuntu LiveCD/LiveDVD/LiveUSB. Insert the live medium into PC and boot to the desktop. At this point, all partitions on the internal disk should be unmounted, thus unlocked. Open GParted and edit them as you desire.

Note : When doing it from an Ubuntu Live media, right-click the swap partition - select swapoff.


How to watch a directory and `cp` file on change?

If you just want to keep files in sync, lsyncd is the program of choice. You can install it via sudo apt-get install lsyncd. It's very extensible and can almost certainly handle your use case. However, if you want a simpler wrapper around the underlying inotify (the system call that tells programs when files change), you can use inotifywait or inotifywatch from the inotify-tools package.


Free download manager (using wine) browser (in ubuntu) integration?

You can't actually integrate FDM with chrome on Linux. For browser integration FDM uses npapi plugin which runs as a service on Windows. On Linux, I suppose Wine doesn't support running Windows services. You will need to recompile the plugin on Linux for that. If you use firefox you can use flashgot addon.

If you want to use Linux alternatives, you can try out FlareGet which supports browser integration with all the browsers - firefox, chrome and opera. There is just one limitation with the free version that it allows only two segments per download if file size is greater than 25 MB.


If you were originally able to boot from this live CD to install Ubuntu, then the CD may have become damaged and you should make a new CD/DVD or USB flash drive.


After upgrading to 16.10 no desktop enviroment anymore

Perform the following steps:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop (will reinstall desktop environment)
sudo reboot (reboot computer)

You may need to press Ctrl+Alt+F1 to get to a terminal you can login to. (sorry mods if I got the formatting wrong).


If you install Ubuntu first and then Windows , the Windows is going to overwrite the MBR and create bunch of errors.
Provided that your Windows is healthy

Burn Ubuntu Live USB / DVD (You can do it via Unetbootin).
Boot the machine in Live Ubuntu environment.
Open up terminal and type

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair; \

sudo apt-get update; \

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair
Once the boot-repair window pops up , click on recommended repair.
Reboot.
This might do the trick


Cannot boot Failed to open \efi\boot\grubx64.efi - not found

Some key things I've noticed about your output:

You have two EFI System Partitions (ESPs), /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1. This is legal, but makes it harder to troubleshoot the computer.
Your /dev/sda1 ESP seems to be empty -- or at least, Boot Info Script has not identified any boot files on it. This could be a bug in Boot Info Script (it misses things sometimes), or it could be it was accidentally wiped, has filesystem damage, etc.
Your /dev/sdb1 seems to have files that normally reside on a Linux root (/) filesystem and seems to be missing the usual ESP files. This makes me think you accidentally copied those files or something went badly wrong when specifying mount points in the installation process.
Your main Ubuntu installation seems to be on /dev/sdb2. This is fine; I'm just pointing it out in case you believed it was somewhere else.
Some of your GRUB entries seem to point to an installation on /dev/sda2, but there's no evidence of an Ubuntu installation at that location.

The Failed to... messages you report are from Shim, which is Ubuntu's way of dealing with Secure Boot. They indicate failures to launch various follow-on programs. In your case, they probably indicate a badly broken GRUB installation.

Overall, it's not clear to me how your system got into its current state. At a minimum, its GRUB installation is badly messed up. At worst, critical system files may be mis-placed or missing, which could be very difficult to track down and repair.

I recommend the following actions for repair:

If you have any critical user files on the computer, back them up.
Delete all the partitions on both disks.
Use GParted, parted, gdisk, or some other tool to create new partitions.

If you use parted, gdisk, or something else that does not create filesystems, create new filesystems, too. (If you happen to create a new partition with the same start point as the old one, the old filesystem will re-appear, and you do not want that to happen, hence the instruction to create fresh filesystems.)
Create one ESP on one disk (probably /dev/sda).
There are many ways to use two disks -- you can set up separate partitions for filesystems like /home or /var, use LVM, etc. Decide ahead of time what to do and set it up appropriately.

Re-install Ubuntu on the freshly-partitioned disks. If you used another program to create partitions, you should use the "Something Else" installation/partitioning option and manually specify mount points. See here for the basics of how to use the "Something Else" option. (Note that if you install the server version of Ubuntu, the installer is different, so these details will be different, too.)
If necessary, restore the user data you backed up at the start.

The point of this procedure is to eliminate all the peculiarities with your current setup. It's unclear to me how some of these peculiarities came to be, and they could be signs of even more fundamental problems. Thus, tracking down the true cause(s) and repairing what you've got could be quite time-consuming. Because you mentioned that you've done a fresh install, chances are you won't be throwing away a lot of customizations by doing another re-install, so that's almost certain to be the quicker and easier course of action.


How do I convert any ubuntu istallation to a command-line system?

There is information here about how to remove most desktop environments from an Ubuntu installation.

Effectively, that is probably what you want to do: remove all the desktops and X. Once all the desktops are gone, doing a full autoremove should pull all of the dependencies, which should include all of X.


How do I download Ubuntu One files to my new computer?

Install/configure UbuntuOne and login to your account, your selected files/folders should start synchronizing automatically from the servers to your new computer.

For more information on how to setup UbuntuOne on different Ubuntu releases please refer to the official wiki guide.

If you are running Ubuntu 11.04 or 11.10 this simple illustrated guide will aid you on setting your account. After this is done you need to way a bit before all your files are downloaded from the server, the process time will change according to the amount of files you need to synchronize.


How do I downgrade Thunderbird (or get a working version of Lightning)

You neednot downgrade thunderbird to get working version of Lightning. Install this addon

https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/addon/lightning-nightly-updater-unof/?src=search

It will search for compatible version of Lightning and install it


"dpkg status database is locked by another process" while trying to use dpkg along Synaptic

First, you can't use at the same time Synaptic and package-related commands (such as apt-get or dpkg).

Normally, a simple sudo apt-get update should generate a new pkgcache.bin, since you seem to have deleted it as well. Can't test it right now, however...


Assuming your C: Windows drive is already mounted under /media/ACER, you can create a symbolic link to the subdirectory you're interested in:

$ sudo ln -sf /media/ACER/Users/Me/Folder /mnt/Folder

The -s option tells ln to create a symlink instead of a hard link, and the -f option instructs it to replace /mnt/Folder if it exists, so you won't have to delete it beforehand.


Partitioning the drives on a new laptop (Ubuntu installed)

Gparted cannot resize partitions if they are used. Try to boot your computer from a flash drive with ubuntu on it.


Can going into "suspend" have negative effects on applications?

Are there any negative effects to go into "suspend mode" wile an application is in the middle of running?

No, an application should be able to cope with this just fine.  If it doesn't, it would indicate a problem with the application.

An application doesn't even have to know it suspended, it may just notice the normal side-effects of associated things like active network connections being cut off.

An application like Transmission will notice that any network connections it had open suddenly close.  It should just continue to try to open new connections, no harm done.  This is just the same as if your internet connection went down temporarily.

An operation like cp or mv should be fine particularly if the operation is on local drives - it should continue after resuming, except in the case that the device it was copying from or to has been disconnected in the mean-time (or was a network device and the connection was lost), in which case it would issue an error message, just as if you had disconnected the device yourself while the computer was running.

So to summarise, suspending your computer usually won't harm the running applications any more than the network dropping connection, or changing the time on the clock, or disconnecting devices, might at any time.  An application doesn't need to be specially programmed to be able to suspend and resume properly.


I wonder if this is driver related somehow. As in, if Windows 7 somehow adjusted a setting on the firmware of your card by installing one of it's drivers. Now, the standard Ubuntu driver is no longer working correctly as a result of this setting change. This is just a theory, but have you tried downloading or installing any "restricted" manufacturer specific drivers within Ubuntu for your particular network card?

To test this theory, if you can't find Linux specific drivers from the manufacturer, then have a look at trying a configuration using ndiswrapper, specifically ndisgtk. This would theoretically let you use the same "driver" as Windows is using and thus may alleviate your issue.

To install ndisgtk, in a terminal just do a:

sudo apt-get install ndisgtk

Best of luck!

Update: Seems to be related to your chipset/hardware as listed in the comments below. I did a Google search on "ndisgtk RTL8111" and sifted through to find this link, where someone solved an issue with this same chipset using Windows drivers and ndisgtk. Hope this helps.


Here is what I end up doing.  I couldn't boot from USB.  I downloaded the Power-PC ISO from Ubuntu, for my G4 Mac, and this is what I did:

Macintosh-HD --> Applications --> Utilities --> Terminal

hdiutil burn <file_name>.iso

Placed the CD in the drive, and powered the machine down.  Then I held down the option key, and powered on the machine, clicked on CD, and then on right arrow.  Hope that this will help you.


With an SSD, do I need to change my swappiness to increase SSD life?

Reducing the swappiness to 0 means that the OS will only start using the SSD for swap when there is no more available free RAM.

Theoretically this can increase the SSD's lifetime because the SSD will suffer less writes. It depends whether it is practically increases the SSD's lifetime:

Linux rarely use the swap  (especially compared to windows) even with higher swappiness values too, so this setting likely won't change the swapping behaviour on systems with plenty of RAM compared to RAM usage. If you are short on RAM then swapping can happen quite frequently with the default value of 60, in this case decreasing swappiness will likely have a significant impact on the SSD's write cycle limit.
The SSD's write endurance is still pretty high for a simple consumer usage, at least for MLC based SSDs. They say that the current MLC based SSD's can tolerate ca. 3000-5000 write cycles before they wore out. Calculating with the 3000 limit that means that a 128 GB SSD with a daily 10 GB writes will work happily for ca. 38000 days, that means ca. 100 years. If you have a bigger SSD of course that will wore out much later. So it is very unlikely that your SSD will die because of the cells wearing out. (Of course if you use your SSD in a corporate/server environment then the daily writes are much higher, but in corporate environments usually SLC based SSD's are used.)
This write cycle limit is so high that the SSD manufacturers (at first SAMSUNG) started to manufacture TLC based SSD's for consumers, which can only tolerate ca. 1000 write cycles, but are cheaper. These companies say that even these SSD's write cycle limit will last longer than the time the product is expected to be used. (It is unlikely that in 2024 we will be still using our 128 GB SSD's) Although if you have a TLC based SSD and you write quite frequently to that drive, e.g 50GB/day, than decreasing the swappiness value will likely have a significant effect on your SSD's life length.
Here is a giant thread where enthusiasts tested the SSD's endurance by constantly writing to them. Although their test method is probably not totally correct, their results are quite impressive and soothing.

So to sum up: In theory yes, decreasing the swappiness will result in longer SSD lifespan, in practice it will likely not. But if you have a TLC based SSD and you are short on RAM and you generally write frequently to the SSD then it can have a practical effect too.

I have an MLC based, 128 GB SSD and I mostly use my system for office/browsing and I have plenty of RAM compared to my RAM usage so my SSD is not under heavy write load (although my machine is on 24/7). But because I don't need swapping at all and it is so easy to lower the swappiness I did for myself set swappiness to 0 when I installed my SSDs, because why not do it? (Actually I set swappiness to 0 on all of my machines, even on machines which only have HDDs.)

You can check how much write has your SSD suffered during it's life with smartctl, look for the line with Total_LBAs_Written, this will show you how much 512b sectors have been written to the SSD. (Yes I know that the SSDs have physically 4K blocks, not 512b, but SMART still says: Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical and with 512 blocks I get results which are comparable to the tune2fs -l Lifetime writes output.) So multiple that number with 512 and you get the writes in byte, or for short:

sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep Total_LBAs_Written | awk '{print $10*512/1024/1024/1024 " GiB"}'

will print out in GiBs for /dev/sda. (Just change the device name to your SSD's name.) My 128 GB SSD has suffered ca. 800 GB writes in a little more than one year, that means only 7 write cycles used from the 3000.


No suspend/hibernate after last apt-get upgrade

This isn't a direct fix to the problem, but uswsusp may be able to provide you with alternative suspend and hibernation programs.

To install the package, run sudo apt-get install uswsusp. Run the s2ram program to suspend your computer and s2disk to hibernate. s2both can be used for hybrid suspension (similar to pm-suspend-hybrid).

More information regarding installation of uswsusp on Ubuntu is available here.


CMake Warning at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cmake/Qt5Core/Qt5CoreMacros.cmake:273 (find_package):

I misspelled one word: Widgets

  qt5_use_modules(${PROJECT_NAME} Core Widget OpenGL Gui Xml)

should be

  qt5_use_modules(${PROJECT_NAME} Core Widgets OpenGL Gui Xml)


what is Remmina's "remoteFX" secret to running ANY sort of application remotely?

RemoteFX is a feature of RDP (Remote desktop) that enables "rich application" such as yours to run remotely. Remmina can do RDP, TightVNC doesn't.

This is why is working with one and not with the other.


Yes.  Legacy can be installed on a GPT Partition Table disk format.  By the way, it's the new standard that's gradually replacing MBR.  This format type is a better choice because it doesn't have the MBR limits.

Read and booting to GPT Partition table drives are compatible with all Intel-based computers since 2003.  It's quiet unlikely that you will find a PC that can't read the format.

Results of Copy from MBR to GPT:

I used dd to copy a partition from source drive in MBR and destination drive in GPT partition.  The only partition that was affected was the destination partition on the destination drive.  All the other partitions on the destination drive remained in tact.

The destination drive was a bootable drive with a GPT partition table.  The OS on the 120G drive is Ubuntu 16.04.  The drive boots in either a computer that has EFI compatible or just legacy.  I tested booting the drive to a 10 year old Dell laptop, that only has legacy support.  It booted flawlessly before the copy and after the copy to the Laptop, as my computer that has the UEFI capability.

DD Copy Script

When I perform what I consider critical task such as this, I usually create a very easy to follow script first and study it closely and run the critical command from the script.  Also I have a huge command history buffer, and try to minimize accidentally running a wrong commandline from the history.  I call the script from the directory with: ./ddcopy.sh

The script I used is:
ddcopy.sh:

#!/bin/bash

source="/dev/sdb1"
destination="/dev/sdc4"

read -p "Copy from device $source to $destination: [y/n] " -n 1 -r
if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
then
    # do dangerous stuff
    echo "..."
    echo "Proceeding..."
    time sudo dd if="$source" of="$destination" bs=4M status=progress ; espeak "Application Completed."
else
    echo "..."
    echo "Applicaton canceled."
fi

After the copy I used gparted edit's check command to correct the integrity of the partition.  The two partition sizes were different.  While the disk mounted and the data's checksum was correct, the check corrected the size discrepancy.

Integrity of the Files verification

I ran a checksum check of the files on the source and and the destination partitions to ensure the integrity of the  files transferred.  I also performed before and after checksum test of the destination drive to ensure the other partitions remained unaffected after the dd copy.

An example of the multiple checksum test is:

$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
$ md5sum /mnt/* >> ~/checklist2.chk ; espeak "Application completed"


Ubuntu keeps displaying UTC time despite setting timezone

You need to reconfigure timezone data.

sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata


Run the file in folder called `python` not the python interpreter

Specify the path. If you're in the directory with the binary, that's as simple as:

./python

Or yes, do as Muru suggested and add it to the path. That said, changing the path could interfere with how applications (running under your user) call Python. If you deflect them to the wrong version, they may function incorrectly.

There is not a good way to override the global python.
It should point to the version that ships with Ubuntu.


Is it worth installing Ubuntu instead of wubi?

The difference between the different desktop environments (Unity, KDE, Xfce, LXDE) concerning the amount of resources used is very important, more important than that involved by an application or other. For example, with just 1 gb of RAM, Unity and KDE are not good options, almost beyond reach, while Xfce works decently, and lxde flies. If you have less than 1 GB of RAM, go with LXDE/Lubuntu. So, while you should try a dual boot, try first Xubuntu or Lubuntu in wubi.


Update messages no longer appearing upon login

The answer is that because you've done a update and an upgrade there is nothing to update.  the motd message is generated by the update-motd tool.   You'll find the scripts used to generate them in /etc/update-motd.d/ these are normally triggered by PAM (on login).
You can even run them from the command line to see what they would output.
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man5/update-motd.5.html


Unable to mount iPhone unhandled lockdown error

Here's what worked for me (from imobiledevice.org):

When your device is plugged in, close out the error. Then run

idevicepair unpair && idevicepair pair

Then unplug your device and plug it back in.

Also, if it worked in the first place, but then you reset the iPhone (used Erase all Content and Settings option in the Reset menu in Settings) and it stopped mounting, then the solution is to remove the ~/.config/libimobiledevice/ directory and then replug your iPhone.


Actually, I have a posteo-account and so I just wrote the support team an email. They told me that the emails wouldn't be deleted if IMAP was used.

(Note that if you set up a posteo-account, it is probably better to just delete your old mail account, just as I did.)


How do I combine Multiple TIF files into a Single TIF file?

Use tiffcp

Usage: tiffcp [options] input... output.tiff

For instance:

tiffcp *.tiff output.tiff

And you will have a resulting multipage tiff

Then tiff2pdf (a wrapper for ghostscript)

Usage:  tiff2pdf [options] input.tiff

Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11135405/how-to-merge-many-tif-files-to-single-tif-file

A multipage tiff needs a multipage viewer, like qfaxreader, but if you convert to pdf, resulting file can be more easily seen with pdf viewers


There is no apt-cacher for windows, although you could just as easily proxy the internet connection from the windows machine to your ubuntu machine. This assumes you have admin access to the windows machine... wich you would have needed for an apt-cacher service install anyway.

Your other option is to do an apt mirror, this involves downloading the entire ubuntu archive onto your local computer (about 3GB) which you can host from windows via apache. You can then point your Ubuntu machine at it.


Upgrade to 12.04 did not seem to work, can I restore back to 10.04 as I was, am stuck at grub prompt?

Put a livecd or live usb into the computer, and boot from it. This way you can access your files, and save them to somewhere else.

You cannot restore the 10.04 ubuntu. The only way is to reinstall.


wget -c http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debconf/debconf_1.5.58ubuntu2_all.deb

Try to install it directly with

sudo dpkg -i debconf_1.5.58ubuntu2_all.deb

if this works

sudo dpkg --configure -a && sudo apt -f install


Ubuntu 16.04 System crash when out of RAM

I have switched to a standard swap instead of cryptswap using [1]. I did not experienced the issue again. I believe that my cryptswap partition was not being used when the physical memory was 100% used and the system would just crash.

[1] https://www.logilab.org/blogentry/29155


Hardware problem. This one has nothing to do with Ubuntu. Make sure your hardware works; is the disk broken?


Because you know it is a 32-bit int, try casting it before passing it to printk:

printk("%d", (int32_t) val);


Having minimize issues running games in wine with gnome shel

From my experience, switching out of fullscreen 3D applications (games) works flawless with the open source radeon drivers but does not work at all with the proprietary ATI/AMD fglrx drivers.


Download and run Gparted, you can download it from here:

http://gparted.org/download.php

It's a live ISO so burn to cd and run. Then delete all partitions on the hard drive. Then remove the Gparted from the dvd-rom and insert the Ubuntu install disc. Now run the Ubuntu install from scratch.


Seems that I solved the issue. I installed
apt-get install gnome-setting-deamon and now all works great!

As @9a3eedi saw, this is not THE solution,for mate is mate-setting-deamon the package.I deleted gnome-setting-deamon and the pc worked in the same way.

So I don't know the solution and why I got that problem.


Command to generate all aplications from Startup in a txt file

This is not possible with just a single command since programs tend to be in several locations (based on when they need to start and if they need to start for a system or for a single user). 2 main directories that hold services that start during boot time ...

/etc/init/
/etc/init.d/

But these directories include more than just the programs that get started: some might be turned off because of a configuration. Some are old scripts and are there for backward compatibility and do nothing since they got turned to an upstart service.

Then there are also ...

/etc/xdg/autostart
~/.config/autostart

These last 2 have .desktop files so the command they use is inside the file itself.

If you want them all into a text file you could do this, as a 1 liner, from command line:

ls -lR /etc/init/ >  /tmp/test.txt &&
ls -lR /etc/init.d/ >> /tmp/test.txt &&
ls -lR /etc/xdg/autostart >> /tmp/test.txt &&
ls -lR ~/.config/autostart >> /tmp/test.txt

This would get you a recursively long list of all the contents in a file called test.txt inside /tmp/. It will be a long list but I also do not claim it to be perfect: it is totally possible that there are more programs started inside a .bashrc for instance.


I had a similar error, and this worked:

rm -rf $HOME/.dropbox-dist
dropbox start -i

After running those commands in the terminal, let the dropbox downloader run and install. It should work immediately after it finishes.


How to install Pageant or other on Ubuntu

Linux/Ubuntu Already has Everything you Need

You don't need to install anything. Putty and Pageant are windoze utilities to give windoze linuxy capabilities.

To set up authentication for ssh on your linux box, you will need to work in your .ssh folder in your home folder. Here is a helpful link for setting up and understanding ssh and key based authentication:

SSH Essentials: Working with SSH Servers, Clients, and Keys

You might be able to avoid a lot of setup, by exporting your keys from putty, and using them on your linux machine by following the answer here:

How to convert SSH keypairs generated using PuttyGen(Windows) into key-pairs used by ssh-agent and KeyChain(Linux)


Is there an RDP client that can work with a dual monitor setup?

You can run rdesktop -f or run rdesktop -f <width>x<height>.

  -f

  Enable fullscreen mode. This overrides the window manager and causes the rdesktop window to fully cover the current screen. Fullscreen mode can be toggled at any time using Ctrl-Alt-Enter.

  -g  Desktop geometry (WxH).
  If geometry is the special word "workarea", the geometry will be fetched from the extended window
  manager hints property _NET_WORKAREA, from the root window. The
  geometry can also be specified as a percentage of the whole screen,
  e.g. "-g 80%".

Recently I read about FreeRDP. I should support multimonitors, but I have no experiences with it.


File Manager is not working in Ubuntu Desktop

File System root and /boot/efi should always be there.
Perhaps it is because you turned off your desktop icon extension unintentionally? Run gnome-extensions list and find the one start with desktop-icons (on Ubuntu 20.04 it is desktop-icons@csoriano), then run
gnome-extensions enable desktop-icons@csoriano

and see if things become normal?


thinkfan control doesn't use the fan full potential when needed

I used in my Lenovo Thinkpad x220 (this is an updated answer that related to systems with systemd

sudo -i

install thinkfan

apt install thinkfan

configure kernel module

echo "options thinkpad_acpi fan_control=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/thinkfan.conf

reload kernel module

modprobe thinkpad_acpi

configure default thinkfan configuration

sed -i 's|START=no|START=yes|' /etc/default/thinkfan
sed -i 's|DAEMON_ARGS="-q"|DAEMON_ARGS="-q -b 1 -s 15"|' /etc/default/thinkfan

Check your sensors

find /sys/devices -type f -name "temp*_input"

and this is the result in my Lenovo Thinkpad x220:

/sys/devices/virtual/hwmon/hwmon0/temp1_input
/sys/devices/platform/coretemp.0/hwmon/hwmon2/temp3_input
/sys/devices/platform/coretemp.0/hwmon/hwmon2/temp1_input
/sys/devices/platform/coretemp.0/hwmon/hwmon2/temp2_input

write in /etc/thinkpad.conf based on the results above

tp_fan /proc/acpi/ibm/fan
hwmon /sys/devices/virtual/hwmon/hwmon0/temp1_input
hwmon /sys/devices/platform/coretemp.0/hwmon/hwmon2/temp3_input
hwmon /sys/devices/platform/coretemp.0/hwmon/hwmon2/temp1_input
hwmon /sys/devices/platform/coretemp.0/hwmon/hwmon2/temp2_input
(0,     0,      40)
(1,     32,     55)
(2,     54,     66)
(3,     65,     76)
(4,     75,     80)
(5,     78,     85)
(6,     82,     88)
(7,     85,     32767)

Enable the service so it will be started automatically at every boot and drop privileges.

systemctl enable thinkfan
exit

Reboot your notebook

systemctl enable thinkfan

After reboot, check the service

systemctl status thinkfan.service

the result will be like this:

● thinkfan.service - simple and lightweight fan control program
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/thinkfan.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Jum 2016-10-07 20:09:30 WIB; 28min ago
  Process: 2494 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/thinkfan (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2496 (thinkfan)
   CGroup: /system.slice/thinkfan.service
           └─2496 /usr/sbin/thinkfan

Okt 07 20:09:30 thinkpad-x220 systemd[1]: Starting simple and lightweight fan control program...
Okt 07 20:09:30 thinkpad-x220 thinkfan[2494]: thinkfan 0.9.1 starting...
Okt 07 20:09:30 thinkpad-x220 thinkfan[2494]: Daemon PID: 2496
Okt 07 20:09:30 thinkpad-x220 systemd[1]: Started simple and lightweight fan control program.


I've found out the issue with it. This seems to be some sort of bug, but I noticed that the text seems to have a "drop shadow" now, so I decided to add the 'draw_shades false' option to my .conkyrc and that seemed to have fixed the problem.  I don't know how it did this in the first place, since I never had that option, but it's fixed now.


How to use ALSA instead of pulseaudio without uninstalling pulseaudio?

Open your terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install gconf-editor

Then

gconftool-2 --type string --set /system/gstreamer/0.10/default/audiosink "alsasink"
gconftool-2 --type string --set /system/gstreamer/0.10/default/musicaudiosink "alsasink"

If you want to enable it for Audio/Video Conf also then

gconftool-2 --type string --set /system/gstreamer/0.10/default/chataudiosink "alsasink"

for more information & Indeed credit too.


If you configured samba with command prompt (Terminal), you've need to set guest ok = yes

Example:

[Shared Folder]
  comment = My Folder
  path = /files/my folder
  browseable = yes
  read only = no
  guest ok = yes

Test out "guest ok = yes"!


How to get UUID partition form a given file path in Python

I found this answer working in bash:

file='/home/'
blkid -o value $(\df --output=source "$file"|tail -1)|head -1

In python

import os
def getUUID_from_path(filepath)
    return os.system("blkid -o value $(\df --output=source " + filepath + "|tail -1)|head -1")


Make sure that this package has not been removed accidentally:

gnome-control-center-unity

If so, reinstall it:

sudo apt-get install gnome-control-center-unity


Is there an alternative to Microsoft Office Visio?

I especially like yEd.

DIA is unusable in comparison. I still wonder how I managed to document my Bachelor's Thesis using it. Try aligning objects in DIA, try creating any diagram so that it doesn't look like it was done in 3 minutes.


If your game supports generic gamepads, than its going to work with this one as well.

To calibrate your gamepad use this command:

jscal -c DEVICE

You have to replace DEVICE with the path to your device (e.g  /dev/input/js0 ).

To test your device use jstest DEVICE

To realy see on which path your device is use cat /proc/bus/input/devices

e.g H: Handlers=event6 js0  =  /dev/input/js0


Ubuntu ONE (Windows BETA) locks up - What to do?

Currently the windows beta is a sequential operation. At the end of the sequential operation, the metadata used by the application to know the state of your machine is updated.

When you launch a sync on Windows, a new process is spawned to avoid blocking the UI during the sync step. This of course exposes an possible flaw in which the user (in this case you) kills the application leaving the sync process in an unknown step and not updated metadata. To avoid this case, the windows port kills all the process that are ran by the application except those that are performing a sync with the server.

What you are experiencing is the sync process working until it finishes. This is a feature added to the beta because we(it was me actually) considered that it was worse to have a corrupted sync in which you data could be removed than to use extra CPU until the sync is done.

This will remove as soon as we have a continues sync in the application in which the metadata will keep synced in a much smarter way.


The problem was in the BIOS all along!
With my ASUS BIOS I had to enable iGPU multi-monitor. At first the setting was not present, but after a BIOS update it was available.


Is Logitech MK220 Wireless Keyboard and Mouse Combo compatible with ubuntu 14.04

According to Logitech, it's not. However, keyboards and mice often work just fine in every OS, unless you need support for keybinds or such things.

Having said that, I found this via a search:

http://onubuntu.blogspot.com/2014/08/logitech-mk220-impressions.html


Upgraded my 32 bit machine with 64 bit live image of Ubuntu 14.04 by accident!

If your desktop is a 32 bit machine then 64 bit OS cannot be installed. You have to download and install the 32 bit Ubuntu 14.04.


ubuntu image is not being read from usb on windows 10

I typically us Etcher to flash my USB's, dunno why, but it seems to work 99% better than rufus, https://www.balena.io/etcher/

Ensure that you have turned off Fast startup on windows, or partitioning for dual boot will be non existent.

Turn off Secure boot in your Bios uefi, if you have TPM and any other fancy gadgets disable those to be safe.

boot your usb and do your thing

then make sure you turn the stuff back on.


Data getting deleted without being moved to trash

Replace the options you have used to mount the partition with rw,auto,users,exec,nls=utf8,umask=003,uid=1000, replacing uid=1000 with the id of your user (you can get your id using id -u) so that the line in /etc/fstab looks like this:

UUID=TheDrive'sUuid    /media/username/TheDrive    ntfs-3g     rw,auto,users,exec,nls=utf8,umask=003,uid=1000     0    0

Files deleted from NTFS partitions are not moved to "Trash", they are moved to the /media/username/TheDrive/.Trash-1000 directory. You will have a files directory here which will store the thrashed files.

.Trash-1000 is a hidden directory. To see hidden directories in nautilus press Ctrl+h when you open nautilus.


Can Python 2 be safely removed from Ubuntu 14.04?

14.04 does have python 2.
You cannot remove python 2 without removing all the packages that depend on python 2. That is probably more than 50%.

Have a look at this list:

  The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:

  accountsservice-ubuntu-schemas accountsservice-ubuntu-touch-schemas
  gnome-control-center-data gnome-settings-daemon
  gsettings-ubuntu-touch-schemas indicator-network libappindicator1
  libbit-vector-perl libbonobo2-0 libbonobo2-common libbonoboui2-common
  libcarp-clan-perl libclass-data-inheritable-perl
  libclass-method-modifiers-perl libcommon-sense-perl
  libcrypt-openssl-bignum-perl libcrypt-openssl-rsa-perl libdata-random-perl
  libdate-calc-perl libdate-calc-xs-perl libextutils-depends-perl
  libextutils-pkgconfig-perl libfile-which-perl libgd-perl libglade2-0
  libgnome2-canvas-perl libgnome2-gconf-perl libgnome2-wnck-perl
  libgnomecanvas2-0 libgnomecanvas2-common libgnomeui-common
  libgoa-backend-1.0-1 libgoo-canvas-perl libgoocanvas-common libgoocanvas3
  libgtk2-appindicator-perl libgtk2-imageview-perl libgtk2-unique-perl
  libgtkimageview0 libhttp-server-simple-perl libidl-common libidl0
  libindicator7 libjson-perl libjson-xs-perl libkeybinder0 libmouse-perl
  libnet-dbus-perl libnet-dropbox-api-perl libnet-oauth-perl libofono-qt1
  libonline-accounts-client1 liborbit-2-0 liborbit2 libpath-class-perl
  libproc-processtable-perl libproc-simple-perl libqgsttools-p1
  libqt5multimedia5-plugins libqt5multimediaquick-p5 libqt5multimediawidgets5
  libqt5systeminfo5 libsort-naturally-perl libsystemsettings1
  libtie-ixhash-perl libubuntu-download-manager-client0
  libubuntu-download-manager-common0 libubuntu-download-manager-priv0
  libubuntuoneauth-2.0-0 libunique-1.0-0 libwww-mechanize-perl
  libx11-protocol-perl libxml-twig-perl libxml-xpathengine-perl
  linux-headers-3.13.0-18 linux-headers-3.13.0-18-generic
  linux-image-3.13.0-18-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-18-generic
  packagekit-tools perlmagick python3-gnupg
  qtdeclarative5-folderlistmodel-plugin qtdeclarative5-qtmultimedia-plugin
  qtdeclarative5-systeminfo-plugin qtdeclarative5-ubuntuone1.0 suru-icon-theme
  system-image-common system-image-dbus ubuntu-download-manager
  ubuntu-keyboard-data ubuntu-mobile-icons ubuntu-purchase-service
  ubuntu-touch-sounds ubuntuone-credentials-common

  ...

  The following packages will be REMOVED:
  aisleriot apt-xapian-index apturl checkbox-gui compiz compiz-gnome
  compizconfig-settings-manager deja-dup deja-dup-backend-gvfs
  deja-dup-backend-ubuntuone duplicity flashplugin-installer gconf2 gedit
  gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-user-share gvfs-backends hplip
  hplip-data ibus ibus-pinyin ibus-table indicator-bluetooth
  landscape-client-ui-install libbonoboui2-0 libgnome2-0 libgnome2-bin
  libgnome2-common libgnome2-perl libgnome2-vfs-perl libgnomeui-0
  libgnomevfs2-0 libgnomevfs2-common libgnomevfs2-extra libpurple-bin
  libreoffice-gnome libsmbclient nautilus-share oneconf oneconf-common
  plainbox-provider-checkbox printer-driver-postscript-hp
  printer-driver-sag-gdi pybootchartgui python python-apt python-aptdaemon
  python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python-cairo python-chardet python-colorama
  python-commandnotfound python-compizconfig python-configglue python-crypto
  python-cssselect python-cups python-cupshelpers python-dbus python-debian
  python-debtagshw python-defer python-dirspec python-distlib python-gconf
  python-gdbm python-gi python-gi-cairo python-glade2 python-gnomekeyring
  python-gobject python-gobject-2 python-gtk2 python-html5lib python-httplib2
  python-ibus python-imaging python-keybinder python-ldb python-libxml2
  python-lockfile python-lxml python-notify python-ntdb python-oauthlib
  python-oneconf python-openssl python-pam python-pexpect python-pil
  python-pip python-piston-mini-client python-pkg-resources python-protobuf
  python-pycurl python-pyinotify python-pyquery python-qt4 python-qt4-dbus
  python-renderpm python-reportlab python-reportlab-accel python-requests
  python-samba python-serial python-setuptools python-sip python-six
  python-smbc python-support python-talloc python-tdb python-twisted-bin
  python-twisted-core python-twisted-names python-twisted-web
  python-ubuntu-sso-client python-ubuntuone-client
  python-ubuntuone-control-panel python-ubuntuone-storageprotocol
  python-urllib3 python-webob python-xapian python-xdg python-zeitgeist
  python-zope.interface python3-oneconf rhythmbox rhythmbox-mozilla
  rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder rhythmbox-plugin-magnatune
  rhythmbox-plugin-zeitgeist rhythmbox-plugins rhythmbox-ubuntuone
  samba-common-bin samba-libs sessioninstaller shutter smbclient
  software-center software-center-aptdaemon-plugins streamtuner2
  system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-gnome
  system-config-printer-udev totem totem-mozilla totem-plugins
  transmission-gtk ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk
  ubuntu-sso-client ubuntu-sso-client-qt ubuntu-system-service
  ubuntuone-client ubuntuone-control-panel unity unity-control-center
  unity-control-center-signon unity-tweak-tool unity-webapps-common
  update-manager update-notifier update-notifier-common
  webaccounts-extension-common xdiagnose xul-ext-webaccounts zeitgeist

  ...

  0 upgraded, 71 newly installed, 169 to remove and 4 not upgraded.

Let's say you remove python2.7. This will restore the desktop:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop


Recommended workflows for Apache virtual hosts?

When I had to do shuch things I proceed creating a VirtualHost whit a wildcard name:

Choose a fancy domain name like 'example.com' for localhost
Place it in /etc/hosts file as 127.0.0.1 *.example.com
Install and activate mod_rewrite
create a wildcard VirtualHost in apache sites directory:

<VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80>
  DocumentRoot /default/path
  ServerName example.com
  ServerAlias *.example.com
  RewriteEngine On
  UseCanonicalName Off

  RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(.*).example.com
  RewriteCond /srv/%1/ -d
  RewriteRule ^(.+)   %{SERVER_NAME}$1 [C]
  RewriteRule ^([^.]+)\.example\.com/(.*) /srv/$1/$2 [L]
</VirtualHost>

Now you can place any folder under /srv/ and it will be the root for <foldername>.example.com

This is borrowed from memory, it could need some more minor adjustments and it may conflict with any other rewrite rules each webapp would have. But it fits me for my webapp testing needs.


Can't access any storage devices on 12.10

I too have been facing the same problem until coming to the link below.

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/udisks2/2.0.0-1ubuntu1/+build/4023153/+files/udisks2_2.0.0-1ubuntu1_i386.deb

The above address is actually one single line (i.e. no space/new line between +files and /udisks2_2.0.0-1ubuntu1_i386.deb)

After downloading the .deb in firefox right click on the completed download on the download window and select "open folder containing the download". Double click on the downloaded file "udisks2_2.0.0-1ubuntu1_i386.deb" to install/upgrade. Please ensure the internet connection is on while install/upgrade. U R Done. Now open File Manager and choose any drive to mount/surf.


I want to install audio and video plugins

You can run the following command lines

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

to install a meta-package that will bring a lot of packages with codecs etc for playing multimedia.


This is what I found in bullet-train's github issues.

  Do you want to see nvm/node segment? If yes - you need to install
  node. If no - you need to remove it from BULLETTRAIN_PROMPT_ORDER
  variable. (see
  https://github.com/caiogondim/bullet-train-oh-my-zsh-theme/wiki/Tips#bullettrain_prompt_order)
  origin link


Is there a way to display a notification every time you change the keyboard layout?

I wrote a script called notify-kbd-layout.sh and symlinked it to /usr/bin: sudo ln -s ./notify-kbd-layout.sh /usr/bin/notify-kbd-layout

Obligatory source code:

if [ "$(xset -q | grep -A 0 'LED' | cut -c59-67)" = '00000000' ]
  then
  notify-send 'Current Keyboard Layout:' 'US (English)'
fi
if [ "$(xset -q | grep -A 0 'LED' | cut -c59-67)" = '00001000' ]
  then
  notify-send 'Current Keyboard Layout:' 'CMS (French)'
fi

Then, I went into Settings>Keyboard>Shortcuts>Custom, and added a shortcut for ALT+Shift to run notify-kbd-layout.


The problem was related to IPv6.

In Firefox's URL bar type: about:config
Click the button with the text I'll be careful, I promise!
Enter IPv6 in the filter field. Just one entry named network.dns.disableIPv6 should remain in the list.
Right click on this and press Toggle. The value must be true.

After that, logout and login again, and it should work.


Unable to mount USB device after creating "gpt" label with `parted`

You've created an empty partition table and still need to create a partition itself:

sudo parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary ext4 0 8 GiB

The above creates an 8 GiB partition, so change this to the size you need or just use gparted...

I would not mount this partition in fstab as this happens at boot time and this is a removeable drive, so no need to do that!


Ubuntu 14.04 - Top right sound screen icon, greyed and not working

After some investigation, I solved the question using the first answer for that question >
https://askubuntu.com/questions/33089/what-user-settings-control-audio-access


I have problem when I implemented this command sudo apt-get install tcl8.5-dev tk8.5-dev

Enter the following commands into the terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove

Then enter:

sudo apt-get install tcl8.5 libx11-dev libxss-dev libxext-dev libxft-dev tk8.5.11-1

Now try installing tcl8.5-dev and tk8.5-dev again:

sudo apt-get install tcl8.5-dev tk8.5-dev


openstack-install fails to bring up public/external interface using 14.04

Did you change the interfaces on these two nodes after commissioning? If you did, can you try commissioning them again in their current state and then try to bootstrap with juju manually?

Instructions on how to configure juju with MAAS can be found here: https://jujucharms.com/docs/1.20/config-maas


Booting Lubuntu I get EDIC Checksum is invalid remainder is 8 error

I tried many things but not the nomodeset and guess what? It works.  Anyone else having the same problem can follow the instructions here:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1613132

Basically the instruction was adding nomodeset option to /etc/default/grub files GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT key. Like this

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

and it worked great.  The boot time is a little longer but no EDID errors.


How does my sys admin know that I haven't rebooted my system?

A quick way to check this remotely can be done using SNMP (provided your SysAdmin has set this up on your network):

admin@yourcompany:~$ snmpwalk -v 2c -c <snmpstring> MachineName sysUpTimeInstance
DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (9461615) 1 day, 2:16:56.15

Most likely, the data would be polled and stored in a network management/monitoring system of some sort (i.e. Nagios or Cacti).

In case anyone is interested in playing around with the snmpwalk command, see the answer here to get a basic SNMP configuration set up on your system.


The CPU is overheating and going into MCE (machine check events)... ie: it's crashing. If you don't see other temperature related events in syslog, it's probably because your CPU cooler/fan/thermal pipe/thermal paste isn't doing the job.

Check syslog with this terminal command...

grep -i -e temp -e therm /var/log/syslog*

If the machine is very dirty/dusty, that could play a major role in the machine overheating. Clean it out.
If your machine has Intel processors, make sure that intel-microcode is installed.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install intel-microcode
reboot

Install thermald to try and control the temperature.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install thermald
reboot

Check your BIOS version. Enter your BIOS at power on time, and note the version #. Go to the manufacturer's web site with the make/model of your computer. Go to the support/downloads section, and look to see if there's a newer BIOS.
Lastly, and very likely, if this is an older machine, the thermal compound that sits between the processors and its heat pipe/fan cooler needs to be re-applied. This requires some technical experience.


What could be the reason, that private keys are not unlocked?

Yes, ssh-agent is the answer. To save the passphrase, all you have to do is:

ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Then put in your password, and log back in.


Bq not working after upgrading to OTA 12. Ubuntu touch, phone

I have tried:

Go into fastboot-mode (hold VolumeUp + Power)
Connect via USB to PC
in Ubuntu: type in Terminal:
ubuntu-device-flash touch --bootstrap --channel ubuntu-touch/stable/bq-aquaris.en --recovery-image recovery.img

as suggested here: https://m.reddit.com/r/Ubuntu/comments/2zljaw/ubuntu_phone_aquaris_e45_ubuntu_edition/

I got this answer:
2016/07/27 18:08:24 Expecting the device to be in the bootloader... waiting
2016/07/27 18:08:24 Device is |krillin|
2016/07/27 18:08:25 Flashing version 34 from ubuntu-touch/stable/bq-aquaris.en channel and server https://system-image.ubuntu.com to device krillin
can't flash recovery image


internet connection not working with Ubuntu 16.04

For a start - I'd try to eliminate any user configuration issues as a cause.

I'd start by booting from a live Ubuntu 16.04 USB/CD, and starting a live session, and connecting to the network and playing around for a bit.

You can snag a 16.04 live image from here:

http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/

Personally, I'd use unetbootin to burn that image to a USB stick and boot from that.

If this results in everything working - maybe think back to configuration changes you may have made?


Password used during installation of Ubuntu 15.10

Since it is a fresh install you should try reinstalling it.

  Don't get stuck in just one thing,you have to explore a lot of things in Ubuntu.

So if you have tried everything and you think that you are using the right passsord then reinstall Ubuntu.


After 2 days of searching I found the solution.
In fact, if you install Ubuntu and windows 10, your windows system will block your wifi card.
To prevent this, you have to disable the fast boot mode on windows.
this is how : https://help.uaudio.com/hc/en-us/articles/213195423-How-To-Disable-Fast-Startup-in-Windows-10


How to run a command before the machine automatically shuts down?

cron isn't the tool for this.  You need to set up an upstart job which executes during shutdown, preferably declaring a dependency so that it runs before any services it requires shut down.  man 5 init for the details on how to properly define a startup or shutdown task; I can't help beyond that without more information, as it depends on what you're trying to do and what other upstart jobs it depends on.


Sounds like he wants to route lan1 via wan1 and lan2 via wan2.

Get a cisco router <- much easier to implement.


Ubuntu on Oracle VM VirtualBox running SLOWLY

Take a look at the minimal requirements for ubuntu: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

You are running your VM at the minimum. Try to increase the RAM and Video Memory.
How fast is your CPU? (Is it a Tablet-PC?)

You can try to use xubuntu instead of ubuntu. It runs faster on hardware with minmal ressources.


How Do I Install Another Distro Over Ubuntu?

What you have to do is:

Remove Ubuntu, by erasing the partitions that Ubuntu uses
Boot with the distro CD and install

I don't know what distro are you planning on installing, but Ubuntu has lighter variations.

You can simply download one of them, boot form the CD and install over your current Ubuntu instalation

Some variations:

Lubuntu - Ubuntu with Lxde

Xubuntu - Ubuntu with XFCE

Fluxubuntu - Ubuntu with Fluxbox

More variations here

There's also a Ubuntu Light  it could do the trick for you, but the official site is down.

I suggest you download a minimal instalation of Ubuntu and build your system from the ground, install only what you need.

If you're not confortable with this, try Xubuntu or LUbuntu


Programming error in aptdaemon, how to fix it?

This seems to be the error:

  E:I wasn't able to locate a file for the ttf-mscorefonts-installer package.

Try to reconfigure unpacked packages first.

sudo dpkg --configure -a

And then install it:

sudo aptitude install ttf-mscorefonts-installer


Well, I found the solution to my problem. If you are using Ubuntu 14.04 and want to install libccd-dev, you have to add the following PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libccd-debs/ppa

and then do:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libccd-dev

as explained here:

https://bitbucket.org/ompl/ompl/issues/79/ompl-on-ubuntu-1404.

My main motivation to install libccd-dv was because I wanted to install OMPL.


How deactivate TTY and set GUI as default after booting Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS

I noticed that in the logs there was (30: Read-only file system) meaning that my HDD partition at dev/sda6 was in ro  read-only mode so literally even if I tried to sudo apt-get install anything that would fail.

Solution

I had to remount the dev/sda6 to rw read and write:

sudo mount -o remount,rw /dev/sda6

Then, I run startx in the terminal which activated the GUI and I could finally see the log in screen.


You can configure Powermizer via Xorg config options, as described here. I remember reading about these options in the documentation (select your version and click on "See the README for more detailed instructions." on the next page), but I'm currently not able to find the right chapter.

Adding this option to your xorg.conf device section might work for you:

Option     "RegistryDwords" "PowerMizerLevel=0x2" "PowerMizerLevelAC=0x2"


In KDE (Kubuntu), System Settings > Date & Time > check Set date and time automatically. You may want to adjust the NTP server to your region.

In Unity / Gnome the settings will be something similar.


16.04.1 LiveCD briefly boots into TTY1, then black screen; TTY1 asks for username/password

Try using EasyUEFI in Windows to adjust the boot order -- move the ubuntu item to the top of the boot list. This should fix the problem; however, be aware that there are buggy EFIs that may forget boot entries or have problems with re-ordering them. There's also a slim chance that Windows has deleted the Ubuntu entry, in which case it will have to be re-created.


Don't use an overly bright wallpaper for your desktop. Select a less bright wallpaper, like the default Ubuntu wallpaper for better contrast between the open window(s) and the wallpaper.
Don't autohide the Launcher so that it will be there when you need it. Only put the most frequently used icons in the Launcher so you won't have to search through too many Launcher icons to find the icon you need.
Use an LED monitor or screen. It's brighter, the colors are better, and it's easier on the eyes. Whether you are using a desktop or a laptop, use a screen that's a comfortable size for you.
Close all the window curtains and blinds and turn off the lights when you're using the computer.
Continuation of 4. -- Learn to touch type. It's distracting to have to look at the keyboard while you're typing.
If you can touch type and you're using a desktop computer, use an ergonomic keyboard to help you know what keys your fingers are on without looking at the keyboard.


Problem in Installing xdman in Ubuntu via terminal

The problem was with the OpenJDK's java distribution. I installed Oracle JDK 8 and tried installation and it worked perfectly fine!!!!! So the error messages printed doesn't mean much at all (atleast for my case) as suggested in many of the other websites as a solution for this problem,


How to prevent etckeeper from saving cups/subscriptions.conf.0

It seems that cups/subscriptions.conf.O is added to version control. So even though you marked it ignored, changes will be tracked. If this is indeed the case, you can remove it from version control using this command:

bzr rm --keep cups/subscriptions.conf.O

This will not delete the file, it will keep it in the filesystem as it is, but remove it from version control, so that future changes won't be tracked.


Which kind of installation files should you prefer - .deb or tarball files? And why?

Possible duplicate

But on a personal note:

Using .deb lets you keep track of the install. (e.g. So you can uninstall or upgrade later).  Installing from source (.tar.gz or otherwise) puts you in charge of what and where to install.  You can have multiple versions installed at various locations, and they are hard for me to uninstall.  Personally I prefer to .deb files.


Dropbox is in the Ubuntu repositories and can be installed with Ubuntu Software or

sudo apt install dropbox

and it works as expected.

Use with --reinstall parameter if it replies with an "already installed" message:

sudo apt install --reinstall dropbox

Whenever possible always prefer the software already available at the official repositories for your Ubuntu release. When a newer or specific version is required and not available at the official repositories the next best option is to add a trusted PPA. Installing deb files from third party websites is always the last resource.


state of multitouch gestures in 14.04 / Unity

On the latest ubuntu, all the advanced multi-touch only work from the touchscreen, not from the touchpad.

So what is left is:

scroll (two fingers drag up or down),
list of running software (3 fingers double tap)
launcher (4 fingers tap)

all the other advanced multitouch gestures are only available from the screen. I'm still puzzled by that design choice.

Touchégg seems to work with 14.04 (I'm on 14.10, can't confirm/deny)
https://code.google.com/p/touchegg/


How can I automatically time commands in bash?

I don't think you can achieve exactly the same effect without modifying the bash source. But you can get close, hopefully close enough for you.

You can combine bash's hacky precommand hook and the SECONDS variable to show the wall clock time in a non-intrusive way. Here's a simple implementation due to Ville Laurikari. The functions timer_start and timer_stop are executed immediately before starting a command and immediately before displaying the next prompt.

function timer_start {
  timer=${timer:-$SECONDS}
}
function timer_stop {
  timer_show=$(($SECONDS - $timer))
  unset timer
}
trap 'timer_start' DEBUG
PROMPT_COMMAND=timer_stop
PS1='[last: ${timer_show}s][\w]$ '

To get the full time information for every command, here's a way due to Dennis Williamson:

bind '"\C-j": "\C-atime {\C-e;}\C-m"'

When you press Ctrl+J instead of Enter to start a command, you'll get time information. Rebinding Enter (i.e. Ctrl+M) is not recommended because the modified command will sometimes be syntactically incorrect.

See How can the last command's wall time be put in the Bash prompt? and Automatically timing every executed command and show in Bash prompt? on Stack Overflow for other methods (note however that most only give the elapsed real time, not the CPU time).


Brand new user with Ubuntu and I need help with Firefox

please use this method to install software in ubuntu and avoid downloading and extracting software from external sites!

using the software center will guarantee that not just the operating system, but the whole system (with installed applications) will be up to date. - and by the way you can be sure that every application from the software center is checked, tested and won't harm your system...

concerning your "problem": after using the software center, the desired software will appear automatically in your menu...! ;-)


Is it possible to connect to pcanywhere host?

pcanywhere claims to run on Linux, you may want to contact Symantec

  Offers heterogeneous host platform support across Windows® (now including Vista), Linux®, and Mac OS X®

http://us.norton.com/symantec-pcanywhere-host/

Or you can try open source alternates, I suggest FreeNX

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FreeNX


The problem in my case was that I had messed up the installation of the Wacom drivers. Because the gnome-control-center uses the Wacom drivers, and I had my Wacom tablet plugged in, it would hang.

I had already figured that this might be the problem, so I disconnected the tablet, but the problem seemed to persist. What I did not understand was that the problem was now different: the hanging version of gnome-control-center was still running in the background. So for me to fix my problem I had to:

Disconnect the tablet.
Run killall-gnome-control-center.
Fix the problems with the drivers before plugging in the tablet again.


Starting Libeoffice from the command line opening a csv file does not produce a clickable launcher icon

Its a bug in libreoffice see this for more information and you can report your state


How to convert ubuntu 20.04 physical machine to virtual machine in vmware

I cannot speak for vmware, I know my method worked on virtualbox, and there is probably a better way than what I use on that, but...
-Create a VM and boot into it with a live install/iso and "try without installing".
-you will need ssh installed on your source system
-In your live system, establish a network connection that can talk to the system with the source drive.
-In your live system locate your Target hard drive device, /dev/sdT, it should just be one device if you are to copy the entire source device.... If you have a specific partition then it will be up to you to organize that on the new layout... This example just assumes one entire device copy for explaining purposes...
-Inside the live system, you want to dd your Source drive onto your virtual hard drive device in your VM. ssh user@hostmachine "sudo -S dd if=/dev/sdS bs=4M" | dd of=/dev/sdT status=progress
-It will take a while. When it is done copying, if all goes well, you should be able to restart the VM and it should boot into your system.
Gotchyas:
-You may have to make adjustments on the virtual manager if UEFI is involved.
-You may have to disable or uninstall your graphics software, as it will be using the VM's drivers.
-You will have to rebuild the network interfaces, as they are config'd based on the MAC addresses. OR config your virtual manager with the same number of NICs your source system has and assigning it the existing MACs... AFTER YOU do the dd!
This is how I copied my ubuntu 18.04 off of my failing drive in my physical box INTO a .vdi in virtualbox.
And if all else fails... you could actually just do this with virtualbox. Get it running and config'd properly in virtualbox... and then convert it from virtualbox to vmware... I've converted virtualbox to kvm before and it worked pretty well.


How do I query the gvfs metadata for a specific attribute?

As for doing it properly, this would probably involve replacing the backend code that services metadata with a couchdb backend. You can also access all of the metadata from code if you want to program something to solve this killer feature.


No Mouse/Keyboard interaction in new Ubuntu install with xfce4 (VirtualMachine)

Run:

sudo apt install xserver-xorg-input-all

This installs all the input drivers for X.org.


Configure your proxy in network settings of your PC for each of items like HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and Socks and apply settings to system wide if you are using proxy.

Remove the existing packages and then try as follows:

apt-get clean
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
apt-get clean
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

(copied from above message)


How to change the Unity lockscreen wallpaper?

This solution will change the lock-screen wallpaper and the logon wallpaper (greeter screen) at the same time.

Note: In Ubuntu 18.04 only the lock screen wallpaper is changed. A different technique will be required to change the login wallpaper.

gksu gedit /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/10_unity_greeter_background.gschema.override

Then add the lines below:

[com.canonical.unity-greeter]
draw-user-backgrounds=false
background='/home/user_name/Pictures/picture_name.png'

In my example change /home/user_name/Pictures/picture_name.png to whatever directory and file name you want to use. Note .jpg file formats are also accepted.

Next compile the schema using:

sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas

The final step is to log-out or reboot.

This works in Ubuntu 16.04 but I haven't tested it in Ubuntu 16.10 please respond via comment if you know for sure. Thanks.

You can use Nautilus to view wallpaper images and right click to change login screen and lock screen wallpaper: (Nautilus can set desktop wallpaper. How can it set login and lock screen wallpaper?).

Sample screen:


There are multiple possibilities for degrading performance, but the most likely cause is a shortage on RAM, causing the system to swap.

You can use free -m to get the memory usage, an example output:

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          3632       2512       1120          0        233       1456
-/+ buffers/cache:        822       2810
Swap:         8192          0       8192

The actual free space that can be allocated is visible on the row with -/+ buffers/cache. If you find that your server is swapping too fast, you might want to lower the vm.swappiness setting. You can find your current swappiness setting by running sysctl vm.swappiness. It ranges from 0 - 100, a lower value will use the swap later, a higher value make the kernel use the swap earlier. If you decide to set this value to 10, you should run the next command to change it at run-time:

sudo sysctl -w sysctl vm.swappiness=10

To make it persistent (i.e. after a reboot), add the line sysctl vm.swappiness=10 to /etc/sysctl.conf.


I found a solution for it in the Ubuntu Forums. I have not tested it, will do so later on. Give it a go, if its broken maybe we can fix it.


How to auto-install runlevel control for existing service/daemon?

The official way is to use update-rc.d. Default settings are usually good:

update-rc.d bind9 defaults

but if you need to, you can explicitly chose the start/stop runlevels with:

update-rc.d bind9 start 19 3 5 . stop 98 1 .

where 19 and 98 are the sequence numbers that determines their start/stop priority respectively and 3, 5 and 1 are the start/stop runlevels respectively. Runlevels exact numbering and meaning can be found here.


How to zoom in and out of text in Gedit?

Under Edit → Preferences → Plugins, you can tick the Text Size box and zoom in with ctrl++.

Click on gedit-plugins  to install the Gedit plugins.
You can also manually download/install the plugin.

ctrl+Trackpad scroll (up/down) enables you, to zoom in and out as well, not only within gEdit, but also in your Webbrowser, File System etc.

Both possibilities work just fine in Ubuntu 11.10.

Update information for Ubuntu 17.x.x, 18.x.x and later, as suggested by code_dredd - tested and works:

sudo apt-get install -y gedit-plugin-text-size


Ubuntu uses only the top left quarter of the screen

I encountered the same issue on Ubuntu 16.04 when launching some Steam games.

The only solution I have found is to restart the display manager, at the cost of logging out and losing the session.


Linux 16.04 - can't install Install Android Studio?

Try

sudo apt-get install lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 libbz2-1.0:i386 lib32stdc++6

It worked for me.
If you don't have multi-arch support enabled, you'll need to run

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update


How to install vncserver for multiple remote desktop users on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS?

A vnc server has the permissions of the user who runs it.  I would start a VNC session for each user that wants a connection.  Simply run the vncserver with a different port numbers for each user (e.g. Fred is with "su fred -c 'vncserver :1;", Nancy is "su nancy -c 'vncserver :2'").  Each time vncserver is run, it will ask to setup a unique password for that user.

However, I'm not sure that vncserver is the solution you're looking for, you may want to check out other remote desktop applications that manage sessions more intuitively.


Clean install of 12.04.2 on Asus Sabretooth 990Fx UEFI and SSD

I was able to intall Ubuntu 12.10 on the same board using a flash drive an live boot installed. i went in to bios, dragged the usb to first boot, rebooted an followed the prompts. worked flawlessly. also have same ubuntu on m5a97 board with Kingston SSD. booted same way an followed the prompts. However i didnt see or remember seeing any options for trim or partition size. I am not dual booting so the partition did not matter to me. My SSD is a 120gb , by the time install was done i still had 110gb free i believe. i have less now after additional software an such.


Ubuntu does not boot successfully with btrfs root partition errors

a btrfs filesystem check --repair might fix it but it is seen as dangerous.

 btrfs check /dev/sda3

see https://linuxreviews.org/Btrfs#more_btrfs_instructions


Where can I get a list of SCHEMA / PATH / KEY to use with gsettings?

gsettings list-schemas gets you all the schema. You can also use gsettings list-recursively for what you want but this program will list all the values for all the keys for all schemas:
(Lest's call the script gsettings-iterate-all)

#!/bin/bash
# Gnome 3 can be customised from the command line via the gsettings command
# This script should help you to find what you're looking for by
# listing the ranges for all keys for each schema

for schema in $(gsettings list-schemas | sort)
do
    for key in $(gsettings list-keys $schema | sort)
    do
        value="$(gsettings range $schema $key | tr "\n" " ")"
        echo "$schema :: $key :: $value"
    done
done

Expanding on your example gsettings-iterate-all | grep com.canonical.Unity2d.Launcher  yields

com.canonical.Unity2d.Launcher :: edge-decayrate :: type i
com.canonical.Unity2d.Launcher :: edge-overcome-pressure :: type i
com.canonical.Unity2d.Launcher :: edge-responsiveness :: type d
com.canonical.Unity2d.Launcher :: edge-reveal-pressure :: type i
com.canonical.Unity2d.Launcher :: edge-stop-velocity :: type i
com.canonical.Unity2d.Launcher :: hide-mode :: type i
com.canonical.Unity2d.Launcher :: only-one-launcher :: type b
com.canonical.Unity2d.Launcher :: reveal-mode :: type i
com.canonical.Unity2d.Launcher :: super-key-enable :: type b

You can reroute the output to a file for easy reading.

And for creative folks out there. Here is a list of possible options to gsettings that might help create other scripts.


Ubuntu 20.04 Sees my LiDE30 scanner, but cannot use it

There seems to be a driver conflict for many Canon scanners in Ubuntu 20.04, where  ippusbxd tries to claim the device, locking it from use. If you disconnect and plug the scanner back into your machine then run dmesg -w, you'll likely see this message somewhere in the output:
usb 1-11: usbfs: process 5756 (ippusbxd) did not claim interface 0 before use

The most common solution is to unplug the scanner, then remove the ippusbxd driver completely:
sudo apt remove ippusbxd

Once this is done, reconnect the scanner. It should be visible and usable in any document scanning application.


Can't start/enable timesyncd on 20.04 LTS

unfortunately by "installing NTP" you did effectively remove systemd-timesyncd. I can understand that it can fly by too fast on an install/upgrade to notice - but those are mutually exclusive.
This is due to the fact that there can only be one NTP service reasonable working on a system.
So you could either $ apt install systemd-timesyncd which will remove NTP and make what you initially wanted work. Or alternatively if you want more sophisticated control of time sysncing then you should be aware that since 18.04 the supported and recommended package is chrony. Thereby the alternative is $ apt install chrony (which also will remove NTP).
See the bionic release notes which is when this switch happened:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes#Chrony


How to highlight buttons in a GTK toolbar

The issue is a problem with the Ambiance theme. There is a highlight, but the background color for the prelight is darker. If thunderbird is showing a light highlight and inverting the colors of the icons, then it is because it's using custom widgets in XUL (which isn't Gtk+), which aren't following the GTK+ or icon themes, for everything.


You can revert to the terminal with ctrl alt F1 (go back with ctrl alt f7) and check the logs with dmesg and cat /var/log/syslog to check what is going wrong.


Polish KDE translation in Kubuntu 13.10?

Should be: KDE System Settings > Locale > Languages

Pick the Polish and move it to the right

There should be password query and the installation should start

At here, this is installing: calligra-l10n-pl, firefox-locale-pl, kde-l10n-pl, language-pack-pl, language-pack-pl-base.

Viewed from the dpkg.log:

grep install /var/log/dpkg.log

If the 'Available Languages' is empty you could try with the command:

sudo apt-get install calligra-l10n-pl firefox-locale-pl kde-l10n-pl language-pack-pl language-pack-pl-base


Can't use free space to install Ubuntu Server in a manual installation

This is what i did to fix this issue. I used Disk Management in Windows or other HDD tools to create a volume of free space. You don't have to format or assign drive letter to it. Just create a volume using any HDD tool or if you have windows already installed on this same HDD then boot to windows first and use Disk Management to create volume of this free space. Comeback to ubuntu installation and you should be able to select free space. It won't be greyed anymore. Select the free space, select format ext4 and mount '/'. Complete the installation and you should have ubuntu alongside of windows or other OS.


How can Quickly create new milestones/releases and upload tarball files to Launchpad?

Quickly would be using the Launchpad API to perform those actions.

To manually do them, you can go to the project page on Launchpad, go to the series you wish to create the milestone/release on (likely trunk if you don't have multiple series to manage), and choose the "Create Milestone" or "Create Release" links on the page. Creating a release requires the creation of a new milestone if one doesn't exist, and you can do that from the create release UI. If a milestone already exists, you can go to the page for that specific milestone, and click "Release now" on it, or from the list of milestones. Once you create a release, the release page itself will have an "Upload file" link.

To do this from a terminal, you can grab lptools from bzr, with bzr branch lp:lptools and use the lp-project-upload contained within, to upload a file to a project release. It can upload a file to a project, and create a new milestone and release for the upload. I'm not sure if it allows uploading to an existing milestone, or  uploading additional files to an existing milestone, though.


Screen brightness not changing on Acer 5742 notebook

This worked for me. Run:

gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

Change the line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

Make it say this instead:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_osi=Linux"

Then run sudo update-grub and reboot. Credit to this guy.


How to install the Open Source Intel drivers to get OpenGL 4.5?

Try using the Updated Open Graphics Drivers PPA:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers

$ sudo apt-get update

Comes from this PPA: https://launchpad.net/~oibaf/+archive/ubuntu/graphics-drivers?field.series_filter=bionic


Copy specific text from a multiple line file and paste it in another file automatically using terminal

There are probably a dozen ways to do this, using various text-processing utilities (awk, perl) and/or stream editors (sed, ed)

One way would be to cut the list at the colon delimiters (-d:), retaining only the second field (-f2), and then use xargs to pass pairs of lines (-l2) as arguments to printf:

$ cut -d: -f2 list.txt | xargs -l2 printf 'This computer ip address is %s and is under the name %s\n'
This computer ip address is 192.168.1.25 and is under the name computer7office
This computer ip address is 192.168.1.69 and is under the name computer22office
This computer ip address is 192.168.1.44 and is under the name computer12personal


Changing the colour of 'string' in Gedit when typing C++

Ok I've found the solution. It's not in the style file, but deeper into the Gedit infrastructure in the language definition file instead. These files are store in /usr/share/gtksourceview-2.0/language-specs/ and the file in question is cpp.lang. Look for the list enclosed called id = "keyword" and add to this list the entry <keyword>string</keyword>, save the file, and restart Gedit. Done.


Have the cron job record it's PID. Assuming your cron job is wrapped in a bash script, putting

echo "$$" >/var/run/BigJob.pid

at the beginning  will let you simply do

kill -9 `cat /var/run/BigJob.pid`


Edit /etc/sudoers using sudo visudo, and remove the last line:

ALL ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

(By the way, please note that this line at the end of the file is not the preferred way to make sudo not prompt for a password, for those who want to do that.)


Developer of E-UAE is still.
There is another Amiga Emulator: FS-UAE that syncronized with WinUAE code.

http://fengestad.no/fs-uae/


Ubunutu 20.04: What is the Ubuntu appropriate method of setting a static IP address?

This configuration works for me.  After running ip link I see that Pi4 uses eth0 rather than enp0s3.
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      addresses: [192.168.0.50/24]
      gateway4: 192.168.0.100
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]

Followed by:
sudo netplan --debug generate  # generate the config files
sudo netplan --debug apply     # apply the new configuration


How to include environment Variable in launcher for icon

Honestly the best way to use an icon in a launcher is to make sure the icon file is in the icon search path. Referring to the freedesktop.org icon directory scheme and base directory definitions, icons should be searched for in at least the following directories on Ubuntu systems:

$HOME/.icons
$HOME/.local/share/icons
/usr/local/share/icons
/usr/share/icons
/usr/share/pixmaps

So if you want to use your own icon and do not have root privileges, install the icon into either $HOME/.icons or $HOME/.local/share/icons. Using the latter, you can even mimic the system icon directory structure with multi-resolution icons using the same base name under directories like $HOME/.local/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps and $HOME/.local/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps.

If the icon is in one of these searchable directories, you can simply use Icon=myapp in the .desktop file.


Firefox loads google searches quickly, but website loading is slow

Contrary to other browsers, Firefox may use its own Connection Settings (in preferences - Network Settings). There are 4 possible choices: No proxy, Auto-detect, system proxy and manual proxy. Since your Chromium browser works fine, I am sure the problem is there.


tune2fs complaining about "unsupported read-only feature(s)" on fresh ext4 filesystem

The problem was that my version of tune2fs was too old. I downloaded the current one from here, then it worked.


There are a number of browser extensions that allow you to control YouTube videos without having to switch to the tab, such as this
Multi-tab Controller for YouTube which is an extension/add-on for Chrome or Firefox


How to disable tomcat7 from autostarting?

edit /etc/init.d/tomcat7 and fix it. this is basically what update-rc.d is failing to operate on. not totally sure how, but it'll be explained in /etc/init.d/README and man insserv.

One possibility that may work is just delete /etc/init.d/tomcat7. I think you may be supposed to do this via update-rc.d tomcat7 remove though.


Nautilus doesn't have type-ahead search in Ubuntu 17.10

As pointed out here, type-ahead find has been removed in favour of full text search.

However, it is possible to make full text search behave more like type-ahead find. Simply open the Nautilus Preferences, click the Search and Preview tab, and make the following adjustments under the "Search" heading:

Search in subfolders: Never
Full text search: do not set as default

Now typing letters in Nautilus will only search files by their names, not by their contents, and only for files in the current directory, not subdirectories. Unfortunately, this also affects the results you see when you do a Ctrl+F search.

I would just like to add my voice to the many who think that disabling type-ahead find was a mistake, and the fact that it is not even available as an optional feature is an incomprehensibly poor decision on the part of the Nautilus developers, especially given that full text search was always available via Ctrl+F for those that wanted it. I hope Ubuntu switch back to using a patched version of Nautilus for 18.04.


The packages it's talking about are not snap packages, ie. a sudo apt full-upgrade will upgrade your deb packages that can be updated.

Normally I'd use a sudo apt update to update the software lists so it finds all packages that can be updated, but your system has already detected 44 packages that can be upgraded.  It may be worthwhile doing sudo apt update to ensure it's not going to find some more when very soon, but it's optional.

A sudo apt upgrade will upgrade most (if not all) packages, but sudo apt full-upgrade upgrades all [deb] packages on your system from your software lists.  Snap & other types of packages use different tools; these commands work on core deb packages.

From man apt

   upgrade (apt-get(8))
       upgrade is used to install available upgrades of all packages currently installed on the system from the
       sources configured via sources.list(5). New packages will be installed if required to satisfy dependencies,
       but existing packages will never be removed. If an upgrade for a package requires the removal of an installed
       package the upgrade for this package isn't performed.

   full-upgrade (apt-get(8))
       full-upgrade performs the function of upgrade but will remove currently installed packages if this is needed
       to upgrade the system as a whole.


Do note: This should work (and has been tested on) Ubuntu 10.04, 12.04 and 14.04.

Boot the server, and then change the hostname to

  puppet

To do that, run sudoedit /etc/hosts and then change the $HOSTNAME (not localhost) entry to puppet.

Then, run sudoedit /etc/hostname and delete the $HOSTNAME line, and then add puppet to it.

Now, reboot the server.

To properly set up puppet, you need to be the root user. So become root by running:

sudo -i

and then entering your password when asked.

Now, we're going to use the official Puppet repo, since it has newer versions of most of it.

We will download the latest puppet from http://apt.puppetlabs.com/, the command below will download the version designed for your version of Ubuntu, if the link fails, then your version of Ubuntu is not supported.

wget http://apt.puppetlabs.com/puppetlabs-release-$(lsb_release -sc).deb
dpkg -i puppetlabs-release-$(lsb_release -sc).deb

Now we have the puppet repository added.

apt-get update

Now we have updated our sources.list, so apt-get knows where to find the puppetmaster package.

apt-get install puppetmaster

Now, you're ready go and pull the strings!


"Failed to mount Windows share" error in Samba

What you want to do is add a "force user" line to that share definition so that the remote user appears to be you

  [share-name]
  comment =
  path = /media/some-name
  read only = No
  force user = your-user-name
  guest ok = yes

Try this.


Does GUI have shell behind it like terminal?

By definition, a graphical user interface (GUI) is used by a shell.[1]

Moreover, Unity, the default user interface in Ubuntu, is a shell interface for the GNOME desktop environment.[2]

References:

Shell (computing)
Unity (user interface)


Where can I find the latest news on Ubuntu 11.10?

For getting news and stuff, you'll probably find all that information in this question: List of blogs to learn more about Ubuntu

You can find the notes for the default applications discussion here:

https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/desktop-o-default-apps
https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/desktop-o-default-email-client


Sounds like you didn't hit the root device. Besides which, rather than setting up for a chroot, it is more expedient to simply do:

sudo mount --bind /mnt/etc/shadow /etc/shadow
sudo passwd # in the host system (!)


An easy way is this:

NOTE Replace "wlan0" in all commands with your wireless interface found by running iwconfig

Open Terminal
Type "wpa_passphrase "YourNetworkSSIDHere" YourNetworkPasswordHere > ~/wpa_supplicant.conf" without quotes
Type "wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c~/wpa_supplicant.conf" without quotes
In new terminal tab, type: "dhclient wlan0" without quotes.
In another new terminal tab (unless it allows a new command after dhclient) type: "sudo apt-get install network-manager" for the old network connection, or "sudo apt-get install indicator-network" for the upcoming one.

Badabing badaboom!


Ubuntu 14.04.03 blank screen on install (Nvidia 970 Graphics Card)

Installing Ubuntu by using wubi is not recommended and may lead to a lot of trouble.
Completely remove the wubi installation from the disk - then start over from scratch.
Create an installation media ... boot from it ... highlight Try Ubuntu without installing.

On the live desktop press the Windows key and type GParted into the search field.
Open GParted and reduce the Windows partition if there is no unallocated space.
Create two new partitions - format one with ext4 and the other with linux-swap.

Start the Ubuntu installer and when asked what to do, choose Something else.
Select the ext4 partition that you created and choose root / as mount point.
Select the disk on which Windows is installed to install the GRUB boot loader.

Boot into BIOS and choose Ubuntu as the default operating system to boot.
The first action you should perform : install the proprietary NVIDIA drivers.
Do not forget to disable hibernation and fast startup in Windows before.


Can't creatw WIN10 boot usb using WINUSB

WinUSB functions require Windows XP or later. You can use these functions in your C/C++ application to communicate with your USB device. Microsoft does not provide a managed API for WinUSB.


How can two versions of the Linux kernel show as being installed at the same time?

That's normal behavior.

Your Ubuntu system will keep at least two kernels installed. Sometimes more.

New kernels occasionally have regressions for some folks, or (for a very few) won't boot at all. The ability to boot from an older kernel is a welcome feature for folks affected by these rare issues.

You can choose which kernel to use at the GRUB menu during boot. Generally, if you don't choose, GRUB will boot the newest kernel that it knows about. You can only choose at boot, you cannot switch kernels on a running system.


Compiz' Switcher shows window titles. Start using compiz --replace.


"btrfs filesystem show" gives me "failed to read" errors

I answered my own questions while I was typing it on askubuntu.com. Since I previously did not find the somewhat obvious answer on the Internet I though I would add my question anyway and answer it myself. For posterity.

The command need to be run as su:

sudo btrfs filesystem show


Ubuntu 12.10, I can't clean up space in boot directory

It's probably because you have too many kernel packages installed (you can only run one at a time).

Check which kernel packages are installed:

dpkg -l 'linux-image*' | grep '^ii'

Check what your current kernel is:

uname -r

And just remove the older versions. For instance on my machine my /boot directory contents looks like this:

% ls -al /boot
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root     1024 May  2 13:00 .
drwxr-xr-x 27 root root     4096 Apr 18 01:09 ..
-rw-------  1 root root  3018381 Mar 11 22:39 System.map-3.5.0-26-generic
-rw-------  1 root root  3020028 Mar 26 19:54 System.map-3.5.0-27-generic
-rw-------  1 root root  3020830 Apr 24 23:04 System.map-3.5.0-28-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   850088 Mar 11 22:39 abi-3.5.0-26-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   852365 Mar 26 19:54 abi-3.5.0-27-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   852490 Apr 24 23:04 abi-3.5.0-28-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   147953 Mar 11 22:39 config-3.5.0-26-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   148105 Mar 26 19:54 config-3.5.0-27-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   148105 Apr 24 23:04 config-3.5.0-28-generic
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root     5120 May  2 13:01 grub
-rw-------  1 root root 23540031 Mar 28 18:31 initrd.img-3.5.0-26-generic
-rw-------  1 root root 23574269 Apr  9 08:26 initrd.img-3.5.0-27-generic
-rw-------  1 root root 23578154 May  2 13:00 initrd.img-3.5.0-28-generic
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    12288 Oct  5  2012 lost+found
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   176764 Nov 27  2011 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   178944 Nov 27  2011 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw-------  1 root root  5180064 Mar 11 22:39 vmlinuz-3.5.0-26-generic
-rw-------  1 root root  5180864 Mar 26 19:54 vmlinuz-3.5.0-27-generic
-rw-------  1 root root  5183296 Apr 24 23:04 vmlinuz-3.5.0-28-generic

I have the following kernel image packages installed:

% dpkg -l 'linux-image*' | grep '^ii'
ii  linux-image-3.5.0-26-generic                      3.5.0-26.42~precise1                                Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-3.5.0-27-generic                      3.5.0-27.46~precise1                                Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-3.5.0-28-generic                      3.5.0-28.48~precise1                                Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  linux-image-generic-lts-quantal                   3.5.0.28.35                                         Generic Linux kernel image

And my currently running kernel is:

% uname -r
3.5.0-27-generic

Thus, in my case I could free up space in /boot by removing:

linux-image-3.5.0-26-generic
linux-image-3.5.0-28-generic

by running apt-get remove <package_name>


It turns out that you have to set up the tun/tap device on the openvz host.
To do this you need to make sure the host is running with lsmod | grep tun.
If nothing appears then run modprobe tun before running lsmod | grep tun to check it appears. Now that that is done you need to give the container access with the following commands (I suggest putting this in a script and then calling that):

CTID=YOUR_CONTAINERS_ID_HERE
vzctl set $CTID --devnodes net/tun:rw --save
vzctl set $CTID --devices c:10:200:rw --save
vzctl set $CTID --capability net_admin:on --save
vzctl exec $CTID mkdir -p /dev/net
vzctl exec $CTID mknod /dev/net/tun c 10 200
vzctl exec $CTID chmod 600 /dev/net/tun

I got a warning error message shown below, but restarting openVPN on the client now seemed to work.

Also, after having done this, I was able to connect successfully but couldn't connect to anything else. I spent ages checking all iptables and packet forwarding, but the error was actually that I had left the client.conf in the /etc/openvz directory. Removing that and restarting the openvpn service fixed this issue.


Touchpad settings not found for LUbuntu 18.04

It appears that gpointing-device-settings was removed possibly due to never being finished and debugged.

In any case, I found touchpad-indicator (site is in Spanish, but Google translated it for me pretty good), also with the code here.

I installed it using:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/atareao
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install touchpad-indicator

And then running touchpad-indicator I got an icon in the task bar.  Clicking on it brought up preferences.  Note that the icon was very light by default for me, but under the icon -> preferences -> theme you can make it darker if you like.  It also crashed on me the first time with something about a missing file, but the second time I ran it, it seemed to work fine.  It may be necessary to manually add it to the default apps for LXSession (under LUbuntu menu -> Preferences) so it will start whenever you log in.


Declare variable inline to use with parameter substitution

One approach is to use basename instead of your parameter substitution.

FULL=$(basename "$(cd $(dirname $0) ; pwd -P)")

The quotes are there to deal with directory names with spaces.
There must be a more elegant way to handle this, but this quick and dirty approach does what you need with a small modification to your current command.

Another method would be to rely on the PWD variable:

FULL=$(cd $(dirname $0) ; echo ${PWD##*/})

A method that does not require changing directory would rely on the readlink command:

FULL=$(basename "$(readlink -f $(dirname $0))")


Need to shrink Windows 10 partition, expand Ubuntu 20 partition

Create a Ubuntu LIVE CD, boot into it, run gparted on the live cd, shrink windows partition and expand linux partition, now you are done


How do I install a Realtek Wireless-N USB Adapter on my Linux OS laptop

You likely don't need to install anything. The drivers for many of the Realtek wireless adapters are already in-tree. I have an 8192CU myself.

At least the following RT chipsets are supported:

8192CU
8188CU
8712
8188EU
8821 (USB?)

As for ancially matters:

It's NOT "Linux OS", just Linux to be generic, or Ubuntu.
You can't run Windows PE executables (.exe) under Linux. They're different. Linux uses ELF , and regardless the libraries seutp.exe is linked against are neither present nor of the appropriate format. You could use Wine to try and run the program but that is obviously futile here. This is a different OS.
Vendor-provided drivers are often outdated. In Linux, be wary of anything not in-tree, save a few.
If the vendor provided additional userspace to manage your wireless device, it's just reinventing and reimplementing the wheel. There's already a plethora of generic better-developed Linux-target programs for managing wireless adapters.


Simply open a new tty using Ctrl + Alt + F3, login using your username (name of the home directory) and use shutdown now . This should work


What IRC servers are available for Ubuntu

This is answered thoroughly (including both server packages and installation instructions) here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IrcServer


How download in ubuntu with specific date?

Try this: http://archive.org/web/web.php You can enter the address of the website and see whether snapshots of earlier versions are available.


I got exactly the same error. with Ubuntu 18.04 in the Hyper-V Environment on kernel 4.15.0.44.

Replacing it with the previous Kernel version 4.15.0.43 solved the problem.


Solution walk through

Solution:
I had to edit the sourves.list and un-comment any lines that started with deb-src

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Change:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful main restricted
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful main restricted

To:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful main restricted

Continue to un-comment any other lines that start with deb-src

Save the document and then do sudo apt-get update

now apt-get source <package name> should work

If above fails try git clone https://repo.or.cz/r/git/debian.git/


LightDM and GDM are not login prompts, they are login or display managers (DM) that let you select the environment to login to. LightDM happens to be the default one in 11.10. Click the cogwheel to see the available login options or, as you call them, prompts.


Apache2 install attempt on Lubuntu 18.04: Errors were encountered while processing: apache2

From comments:

Purge gitweb and apache2 and reinstall apache2.

sudo apt-get purge apache2 && sudo apt-get purge gitweb && sudo apt-get install apache2


change the desktop appearance from my new version 12.10 to the old 10.04

One way to do so would be by installing an alternative desktop environment. You could add the Xubuntu or Lubuntu desktops to give you the GNOME 2 look by running sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop or sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop and then logging into whichever desktop environment you want.


Dell Precision Tower 7810 goes to sleep on boot Ubuntu 18.04.2

So it turns out it was a graphics card issue :/ got myself a replacement and everything is now working fine.


Make sure BIOS is set to legacy mode and is not in EFI mode and try running boot-repair from your installation live session USB (boot up using the USB to do the repair).

Use the 2nd option listed on the following page. http://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair