How to make my computer start as Ubuntu not Lubuntu

Apparently you installed Lubuntu after (upon) the Ubuntu (Unity) installation. This action has changed some things. These are:

1) The plymouth theme, was replaced by Lubuntu theme

2) The LightDM (default display manager-login screen) theme was replaced by Lubuntu-lightdm theme.(lightdm-gtk-greeter).

You will be able to restore these themes.

How do I revert the Plymouth theme back to default ?

How to change the LightDM theme?

The default login screen for Ubuntu Unity is greeter-session=unity-greeter


There are several things you can try, in order

1) Add acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2009" to your kernel command line.

2) Add clocksource=tsc to your kernel command line.

3) Add pci=nommconf to your kernel command line.

I think the first one is the best bet.  I have an XPS and it cleared up some occasional (sometimes often) CPU lockups.  Something weird with the Dell bios or something, I am not really sure what it does.

acpi_osi

tsc

pci=nommconf (Ctrl-F "nommconf"; there was no easy link).


You might do better and not have to shell out a bunch of cash to use Ubuntu and qemu-kvm or virtualbox as the host instead of Microsoft's proprietary OS and VM.


Attempt start postgres server fails and gives no response?

I've been trying to start postgresql under Upstart with no success. AFAIK, postgresql is best started the way you're trying, or with the pg_ctlcluster command.

Try:

sudo pg_ctlcluster 9.1 main start

or failing that,

sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql start

The 'response' is likely in the log file. It's location depends on the settings in postgresql.conf. Check that to see what's failing.


Can't Install Ubuntu 20.04 on Virtual Box

I struggled with the same issue, and I know you asked for help solving the problem (I'd like that too), but while debugging I found that I had no problem installing older versions of Ubuntu.

As a workaround I would therefor propose installing Ubuntu 18.04, then upgrading to 20.04 from there. This is what I did:

$ sudo apt update -y && sudo apt upgrade -y

Updates all of your packages

$ sudo do-release-upgrade -d

Upgrades to the latest version of Ubuntu

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Release:        20.04
Codename:       focal

Displays the Ubuntu version

Tip: If you need several VMs running 20.04, you can duplicate the VM you just made.


The legacy Skype for Linux application (v4.*) that was included in the repositories and partner repositories has been retired as of 1 July 2017. You can however still use the web-based Skype for Linux application.


Ctrl + shift is not working on Ubuntu 20.04

Try to review the input sources settings -> Region & Language -> Input sources, maybe you have misconfigured that.
On the other way, you can use an application in order to view if the system catches the keystroke. You may want to look at something like https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/screenkey-show-key-presses-screen-ubuntu


Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

Install Git and get the source code for Exfat-nofuse:

sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/rxrz/exfat-nofuse.git

Install Exfat-nofuse:

cd exfat-nofuse
make
sudo make install

Load the Exfat-nofuse module to the kernel:

sudo modprobe exfat_fs

Source:LinuxG


Logitech C920 webcam on Ubuntu 14.04 hesitates / chops every 3 seconds

I experienced the same issue, although I was able to resolve it with Guvcview. As I understand, the problem is that the software re-encodes the already h264-coded video stream from the camera.

When I set the codec to "raw video codec", I got crystal clear picture without the hesitating artefact. So:
Video menu > Video codec > Raw camera input


Ubuntu alongside Windows8, grub doesn't show up and ubuntu nonexistent in boot menu

First, the lack of GRUB in the MBR of the hard disk is not a problem, because you're booting in EFI mode, which doesn't use the MBR to store the boot loader. Instead, under EFI boot loaders are stored in the EFI System Partition (ESP), which is a FAT32 partition on which boot loaders are stored as files.

That said, your ESP is /dev/sda2, and according to your Boot Repair output, there's no sign of GRUB on that partition. My suspicion is that this problem results from the Windows Fast Startup feature, which turns shutdowns into suspend-to-disk operations. The result is that filesystems are not properly unmounted, and when they're accessed outside of Windows, filesystem damage can result. Thus, your first task is to disable Fast Startup, as described here (among many other places).

It's conceivable that disabling Fast Startup will fix your problem. If not, you'll need to re-install GRUB or install another boot loader in its place. You can try Boot Repair again for this, but if it fails, I recommend you try the USB flash drive or CD-R version of my rEFInd boot manager. Given your configuration, booting from a rEFInd boot disk should enable you to boot either Windows or Linux. If this works, you can install the Debian-package version in Linux and it should take over from GRUB as your boot manager. If Boot Repair can't write to your ESP, though, it's quite possible that the rEFInd installer won't be able to, either. In this case, you could try following the instructions to install it from Windows -- but be sure to install the ext4fs driver, too. Alternatively, you could shrink a partition by about 550MiB and create a second ESP, unmount the original ESP, mount the new one at /boot/efi, and re-run Boot Repair or try re-installing rEFInd.


Issue in updating the package /etc/apt/sources.list

copy a new file from /usr/share/doc/apt/examples/sources.list:
sudo cp /usr/share/doc/apt/examples/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list


If the net is required to install an Atheros 8161 driver,how do I connect to the net without the driver?

You can download linux-headers-generic and build-essential and all their dependencies on another computer and transfer them on a USB key, CD or similar. Here is a forum post that describes the process. Caution: the driver alx described there may or may not be correct for your Atheros AR8161.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=12206899&postcount=6


Can Nautilus use correct lexicographic sort?

This is a known feature ??#!! (known since 2006), but to many (myself included), it is more of a bug; but it isn't a bug, because it works as intended, ie. it sorts numbers as integers, not as text strings...  To be kind to this issue, it is technically not a bug, but just a case of: "limited sorting options".

Here is bugzilla page on this point: Bug 355152 - Sorting by name doesn't work with digits..
A quote from that page: "This is just wrong.  Any user intent is completely nuked by a strange sorting algorithm" ... my sentiments, exactly.

This default (only?) sort algorithm is handy for some people (I assume), but it doesn't suit me, so I've learnt to live with it by simply adding leading 0's, as a matter of course...

.. Here is another well-intended (human??) but odd-ball sorting feature which could benefit from some options:  Nautilus: Copy file to same directory gives a whacky sort sequence

..and I won't even mention how the sorting algorithm completely ignores leading non-alphanumeric characters (like they don't exist).... oops, I just mentioned it :)

nautilus is significantly grafted into the desktop, and offers such features as auto mounting, and file/folder notes, so I put up with this sorting anomaly; I just name my files in accordance with this algorithm, ie zero-padded numbers, and no leading non-alphanumeric characters...


Generally a "server not found" message means that there is no active internet connection. Check to see if this is the issue first.

You may have to unplug both your Modem and router (if applicable) for at least 30 seconds, then plug them back in.


In /etc/default/elasticsearch there is a section

SysV init.d
# When executing the init script, this user will be used to run the elasticsearch service.
# The default value is 'elasticsearch' and is declared in the init.d file.
# Note that this setting is only used by the init script. If changed, make sure that
# the configured user can read and write into the data, work, plugins and log directories.
# For systemd service, the user is usually configured in file /usr/lib  /systemd/system/elasticsearch.service
ES_USER=elasticsearch
ES_GROUP=elasticsearch

I commented the entire section.

The installation was then able to proceed.

It actually prompted me with the "Install package maintainer version / Keep system version" question, which in the diff showed that the intention of the installation is to comment out that section anyways.


Why is the gnome 3 lock screen not displaying?

This new design isn't live yet. This is design waiting for approval. Read this article more carefully.


how to play video on www.mbcradio.tv on ubuntu 12.04 LTS

this problem not that much related to Ubuntu actually but I'll help you out with Mozilla Firefox Browser the default one.

Open browser
Navigate to Tools/Add-ons or press Ctrl+Shift+A
Then go to Plugins and at the bottom you must see Windows Media Player plug-in and next to him it says Ask to Activate change it to Always Activate done!


Like @neon_overload said, almost none-no difference. Usually with 32 bit, it's easier to install software, such as Skype etc. But nowadays, it's pretty easy. BTW, 64 bit is more powerful and if you can have it, why not?

Benefits of 64 bit:

16 general purpose registers instead of 8
Additional SSE registers
A no execute (NX) bit to prevent buffer overrun attacks
More powerful compared to 32 bit
Higher C integer limit

Benefits of 32 bit:

Easier install of software sometimes
Faster if low on RAM (512 MB - 1 GB)


Try this command instead:

gnome-terminal --working-directory /media/Data/work/ -x bash --rcfile .env/bin/activate

From man bash:

 The --rcfile file option will force bash to read and execute commands
 from file instead of /etc/bash.bashrc and ~/.bashrc.


CHMOD Folder + subfolder + subfolder etc

Okay, problem solved:

Just a small thing, never use the GUI users and groups option, just use your terminal.

What I did (and works):

sudo -s
[your root password]

Create a group and add users:

sudo groupadd [groupname] * creates a group
sudo usermod -a -G [groupname] [username] *add the user to the group

Make a folder executable for a group and give rights:

sudo chgrp -R [groupname] [path/to/folder] * Gives usergroup also access
sudo chmod -R 770 [path/to/folder] * Gives rights to owner, usergroup and other


Is it possible to run a Windows .msi installer?

Open the terminal, change directories with cd to the location of the .msi file, and install the .msi file with a command of the form wine msiexec /i whatever-filename.msi.
According to the official WineHQ FAQ:

MSI files cannot be run directly, you need to use the msiexec program. msiexec is a tool for installing .msi packages. MSI files can be installed in Wine from the terminal like this:
wine msiexec /i whatever-filename.msi

Alternatively:
wine start whatever-filename.msi

That will then run the MSI program the same as if you had double-clicked it in Windows.

The first command can be changed if necessary to suit the circumstances. For example:
WINEPREFIX=/path/to/wineprefix wine msiexec /i /path/to/filename.msi

or using wine64 instead of wine:
WINEPREFIX=/path/to/wineprefix wine64 msiexec /i /path/to/filename.msi

A WINE prefix is a folder that contains all of the WINE configurations as well as all of the Windows pieces that WINE uses for compatibility, including libraries and a registry.
If you want to uninstall the same .msi file later on run wine msiexec /x whatever-filename.msi


update manager failed, use previous version to recover

SOLVED the problem. I gave up and reinstalled 12.04 from CD. (By the way, how does one edit a post? I could find no links for editing anywhere on the site.) After posting "Solved" finally noticed the almost greyed out "edit" link.


worth installing Jupiter on Acer Apire Revo?

i installed jupiter on my dell lattitude and it sure helps a lot. i can now easily change the performance mode to power saving to increase battery life. moreover it has an option to turn wifi on and off which is really a boon to me coz my hardware switch is sometimes not detected by ubuntu


When I run the command sudo apt-get update , I found an error on ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Check the contents of /etc/apt/sources.list.d/canonical-partners.list if they as well exist in /etc/apt/sources.list. If yes remove either the double lines in /etc/apt/sources.list or your remove that canonical-partner.list file. Second might be an easier solution.

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/canonical_partner.list


How to force Ubuntu to access the Internet ONLY through a VPN and disable it when disconnected?

Try this:

To get your default gateway IP, show your routes with the ip route list command.

Edit your main internet connection to remove the default route: in nm-connection-editor, edit your connection > IPv4 tab > Routes > check Use this connection only for resources on its network.

Then add a specific route to reach your VPN server via your gateway. This will allow your computer to reach only one IP on the internet: your VPN server, so that your VPN connection will still work. (in the Routes window, add a route like: Adress: VPN_SERVER_IP Netmask: 255.255.255.255 Gateway:GATEWAY_IP).

To allow internet access through your VPN, you may also need to edit the Routes of your VPN connection to uncheck "Use this connection only for resources on its network", or add a specific route for a custom gateway of your VPN.


How do I get Ubuntu to use Anaconda's python instead of the standard /usr/lib/python...?

The tilde (~) character is not expanded when enclosed in quotes (even double quotes, which allow most other filename expansions). You should replace ~ by $HOME in the PATH export:

export PATH="/usr/local/texlive/2014/bin/x86_64-linux:$PATH"
export PATH="$HOME/anaconda/bin:$PATH"


Ubuntu can't see my 32GB ntfs thumb drive

The file system is only supported on Mac and PC. Ubuntu may or may or may not see it.  You may want to move the files off, format it to FAT and try again. Formatting usually does the trick, so even NTFS may work if you format it from a Mac or Ubuntu.


Wifi doesn't find any networks after 18.04.3 update

If your network manager is not restarting then try to reinstall and restart your pc. Maybe it will work.
Here is the network manager deb file find which one is suitable for you.
network manager

I am not sure it will work or not ...


My Facebook doesn't work on Ubuntu 10.10 but works on Windows XP

"I discovered it was a problem with the MTU (maximum transmission unit), wish says the largest protocol data unit that the layer can pass onwards.

I found the answer here
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1376506

Hope this help others"

This helped me:

sudo ifconfig eth0 mtu 1492

ifconfig | grep MTU

Where eth0 is the type of connection that you have, and can vary from person to person.


How do we run a script on logout of unity on ubuntu 20.04 (focal fossa)

If your login shell is bash you should be able to add your commands to ~/.bash_logout.


How to have vncviewer connections open in maximized window?

Solved with "Window Rules" plugin in Compiz Config Settings Manager.

Added class=Vncviewer in "Maximized" section, "Matches" tab.


This is probably because your profile is locked.

The quick way to solve it is to open the System Monitor, and kill the existing Firefox process. Then you can start a new instance.

See also this answer on Super User.


If you open a terminal and enter xwininfo, then you can click a window and information about that window will be printed to the terminal.


Maven 2 mysteriously showing up in $PATH

From man bash:

  When bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-inter‐
  active shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes com‐
  mands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. After reading
  that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and
  ~/.profile, in that order, and reads and executes commands from the
  first one that exists and is readable. The --noprofile option may be
  used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.

  When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash
  reads and executes commands from /etc/bash.bashrc and ~/.bashrc, if
  these files exist. This may be inhibited by using the --norc option.
  The --rcfile file option will force bash to read and execute commands
  from file instead of /etc/bash.bashrc and ~/.bashrc.

As you have logged into an interactive non-login shell, the files to look for the PATH assignment is /etc/bash.bashrc, ~/.bashrc and also in /etc/environment as its the default place to declare system wide environment variables. You should also check the directories that are sourced while logging into an interactive login shell to be sure that there is no reference or pointer to change PATH in them.

If you does not find any reference to PATH having maven-2 then there must be something in one of these files that is causing the PATH to be changed i.e. something in one of these files triggering something else that is changing the PATH. It is very hard to tell without checking the content of the files.

If you want to remove maven-2 from your PATH:

/home/elpinguino/scala-2.10.5/bin:/home/elpinguino/bin:/usr/local/sbin
:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
:/opt/apache-maven-2.2.1/bin:/bin:/bin:/opt/apache-maven-3.3.3/bin

You can either remove the directory /opt/apache-maven-2.2.1 so that PATH won't find the executable or declare PATH environment variable again discarding the /opt/apache-maven-2.2.1/bin directory and putting it at the end of ~/.bashrc.


add additional ipv4 addressess to the interface

To add secondary ip on interface you must create sub-interface.

In you case eth1:1

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
       address 10.0.0.21
       netmask 255.255.255.0
       gateway 10.0.0.1

auto eth1:1
iface eth1:1 inet static
       address 10.0.1.21
       netmask 255.255.255.0
       gateway 10.0.1.1
       metric 20

Based on comment I edit answer and add metric to interface eht1:1. This mean that gateway on eth1 will be primary routing decision. You can add metric to eth1 if you wish eth1:1 be primary.

Edit 2

I found more people which have the same problem and solution is:

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
       address 10.0.0.21
       netmask 255.255.255.0
       gateway 10.0.0.1
       up ip addr add 10.0.1.21/24 dev eth1 label eth1:1
       down ip addr del 10.0.1.21/24 dev eth1 label eth1:1
       up ip route add 10.0.1.0/24 via 10.0.1.1 dev eth1:1 metric 20
       down ip route del 10.0.1.0/24 via 10.0.1.1 dev eth1:1 metric 20


You have connected ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa that has nvidia-kernel-common-455 version 455.45.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.1.
But the Ubuntu repositories have 455.38-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 version of this package.
So remove the PPA, run sudo apt update andd all should install.
Otherwise you need to do some research about what is wrong with the PPA and you won't use autoinstall.


This is likely because the Vista partition is using the NTFS filesystem and it was mounted with an fmask that does not permit setting execute permissions on files.

To fix this you need to manually mount the partition.

Details can be found on this post.

Here are the steps you need to take:

Determine the drive's corresponding device by opening a terminal and typing: df
The column on the far left is the device, and the column on the far right is the path for the drive. Find the device for the Vista partition.
Unmount the Windows partition. (Click the eject button  that's next to it in Nautilus)
Open a terminal
Type the following:

sudo mkdir /media/vista
sudo mount -t ntfs -o fmask=0022,dmask=0000,uid=1000,gid=1000 \
    <DRIVE> /media/vista

Replace <DRIVE> with your drive's device.


Booting problem from external hard drive

Did you get into your BIOS and changed the booting order from internal hdd to external?


Ubuntu does support EFI-mode booting, but this support is still relatively new, and EFI implementations vary greatly from one machine to another. Without further details, it's impossible to say why you're having problems. I recommend you post the following information:

What hardware are you using (computer or motherboard make and model)?
How large is your hard disk?
What firmware are you using, if you know (InsydeH20, Award, AMI, etc.)?
Are you trying to install from an optical disc or a USB flash drive?
Were you able to install, or does your description ("it displays GRUB menu and then nothing gets displayed") refer to booting the installer?
What precisely do you mean by "...and then nothing gets displayed?" That is, were you able to select an item from the GRUB menu, or was the system unresponsive at that point? If you could select an item, what happened? (Did the screen clear and then nothing happened, did the GRUB menu not disappear, etc.?)

Another point: Ubuntu 12.04 makes significant improvements in its EFI support vs. 11.10 and earlier. I can't recommend you try to use 11.10 or earlier in EFI mode.

One more point: It's relatively easy in Linux (compared to Windows) to switch between EFI-mode and BIOS-mode booting. Thus, you can install in BIOS mode and then switch to EFI-mode booting. This is most easily done if you install to a GPT disk and if you partition it with both an EFI System Partition (ESP) of 100-500 MiB and a BIOS Boot Partition of ~1 MiB.


Solved by rebooting as suggested in the link to the comment.


How can I know when my screen was locked last time?

You can find the unlock screen events using the following command:

grep screen /var/log/auth.log*

But there is not so simple to find the lock screen events because by default doesn't exist any log for these events (as far as I know).

Anyway, you can run the following command for logging the lock screen events:

dbus-monitor --session "type='signal',interface='org.gnome.ScreenSaver'" | ( while true; do read X; if echo "$X" | grep "boolean true" &> /dev/null; then  echo "Screen locked on $(date)" > $HOME/lock_screen.log; fi; done )

in ~/lock_screen.log file.

If you like the above command, then use it in a script and make the script to run automatically at startup.

References:

Logging lock-screen events
Run script on screen lock/unlock


18.04 - Remove icons from top bar in flashback metacity

Press the Alt key while clicking the right mouse button. This will display a context menu allowing you to remove the launcher from the panel.


18.04: color emoji not showing up at all in Chrome, only partially in Firefox

For anyone else having the problem, uninstalling and re-installing the font pack worked for me (Ubuntu 19.10)

$ sudo apt remove fonts-noto-color-emoji
$ sudo apt install fonts-noto-color-emoji

or just

$ sudo apt reinstall fonts-noto-color-emoji

Then restart Chrome.

Edit:

The problems comesback sometimes when Chrome gets an update, and then I have to re-install the font.

IDK if it helps but maybe copying the font into /usr/local/share/fonts will solve this for future updates:

sudo cp -r /usr/share/fonts/truetype/noto /usr/local/share/fonts/truetype/noto


Not available for your current ubuntu version

During an upgrade, Ubuntu disables any third-party software repositories. After the upgrade, did you re-enable them? In the Systems Settings application, under "Software and Updates", click on the "Other Software" tab, look to see if there is a check next to the Canonical Partner's repositories, as well as any other repositories you may have added. If not, just check the ones you want to enable, then hit "Close". It will ask you to reload, hit "Reload" and then give it a try again.


How to create an ISO from a scratched DVD

Best bet is to try improving the disc surface by polishing with toothpaste (yes, seriously) or furniture polish.

For software, you can try Ddrescue but you will have the best odds trying to repair the disc surface first.

Depending on what country you are in, you may be able to obtain a backup of your DVD from an online source via Transmission. Ask a lawyer if you're not sure.


How to use the unallocated space above /boot to expand my root directory

The basic approach would be the following -

Boot using a LiveCD
Move your boot partition. Increase the size of root partition by merging with the unallocated space. Use gparted.
Update your fstab file at /etc/fstab. Use the blkid command to know the UUID's of the new partitions.
run grub-install for the new boot location (use the --boot-directory= option).

Hope that helps.


Font not properly rendering on Ubuntu 18.04 Terminal for Amharic Language

One possible solution is to look for a font where these letters aren't wider than the basic English letters (or to phrase it the other way around: the English letters are also as wide as the Amharic ones).

I'm not familiar with Amharic fonts, nor with fontconfig's details, but chances are that the English and Amharic fonts are taken from two different font files, and some fontconfig rule merges them to appear as one towards applications. You might study fontconfig and somehow tweak its configs to merge the Amharic fonts with slightly larger English ones. I'm not aware of the details, nor am I absolutely certain that this is doable, but I believe it is.

A much simpler workaround is to go to gnome-terminal's preferences, and increase the cell spacing. This option newly appeared in the version shipped by Ubuntu 18.04.


Let's have a look at that for you. As far as I can tell, there is no PPA or automated way to do this. Should someone see a way that I'm missing, please edit this answer and fix it. That said, this means that you will have to install it manually.

1) To start, open your software updater and verify that you're up to date.

2)Then go to http://sourceforge.net/projects/projectlibre/files/ProjectLibre/ and select the newest version(1.5.9 when this post was written), then download the file that ends in .deb.

3) Now, open your file manager and navigate to your Downloads folder. You should see the .deb file right there, named something like projectlibre_1.5.9-1.deb. Double click on it.

4) The Software Center will open and remind you that you had better trust this software. Click the install button on the right.

5) This should pull in the dependencies, or at least inform you as to what those are during the install.

6) Now your new software is installed and ready for use.


Setting correct baseurl for Jetbrains YouTrack

I've tried
./youtrack.sh configure --listen-address=board.my-domain.de

Listen address is completely something different than BaseURL.
You need to configure two things:

BaseURL
ReverseProxy (to change web port)

To do this, please follow official documentation:
https://www.jetbrains.com/help/youtrack/standalone/Reverse-Proxy-Configuration.html (it contains also information about how to change BaseURL)


MSI Laptop touchpad does not work in Ubuntu 16.04.4

Ok, I founded the problem. Is necessary to put "acpi=on" on the grub, in order to activate the irq controller properly.

Thanks.


Setting mouse to left handed has no effect in Xubuntu?

I'm not having this trouble with the live Xubuntu usb. The setting takes effect as soon as soon as I click left-handed. Forgive me for asking, but just to cover all possibilities, are you sure it's not working? Have you tried clicking around?

The setting in Mouse and Touchpad can be overridden by settings in Settings Manager > Settings > Other (Scroll to the bottom) > Settings Editor

In the Settings Editor, choose Pointers under the Channel pane. You should see your mouse listed. You may have to expand the drop-down arrow, but you should see a Property named RightHanded and two check boxes: Locked and Value. Make sure these are both unchecked.

If this takes care of it for you, keep in mind that the left-handed setting is just for the live environment. You will still need to set the mouse to left-handed after installing.

If this does not take care of it, I wonder if there is a compatibility problem with your mouse. Please edit you question to include to kind of mouse you are usinge


The difference in used RAM between 32-bit and 64-bit isn't huge but it does exist.

The bigger change is between the applications used. The difference in memory usage between Gnome Panel and Unity is more noticeable (in my experience) but you can reinstall Gnome Panel or try a lighter desktop like LXDE, XFCE, etc.

Will you run out of RAM? That somewhat depends on your current usage. If you're right on the border of going into swap, yeah that possibility exists. Pair that with modern applications which put less emphasis on saving memory and you might have issues.

I'd strongly consider an upgrade. 2x1GB of DDR400 is about £30 new (cheaper used) and easy to install. Then again, it's old, old, old. You might be better off running this computer into the ground and upgrading the whole thing.


How to add "shutdown" to the list of "when the lid is closed" in power settings?

Unfortunately, you cannot add this option to the menu, because it is a hard coded list of options. You would have to write a script runs in the background that detects the lid being closed and activates the shutdown automatically.

The command you need (to check to see if the lid is closed is):

cat /proc/acpi/button/lid/LID0/state

Now, I'm no scripting junkie (bash scripting I mean), so maybe someone can edit this and give you a proper answer.


Multi monitor setup reverts to 'Mirror Displays' upon Resume after Suspend

Open the terminal and issue :

sudo nvidia-xconfig

And reboot.


Date and time panel is greyed out, how do I restore it?

This looks like a bug.

Try to reinstall gnome-control-center using the following commands from terminal:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install --reinstall gnome-control-center


Question regarding a domain name ending with "ubuntu"

The Intellectual Property Rights Policy as described on Ubuntu.com has the necessary information:

  You can use the Trademarks, in accordance with Canonical’s brand guidelines, with Canonical’s permission in writing. If you require a Trademark licence, please contact us (as set out below).
  You will require Canonical’s permission to use: (i) any mark ending with the letters UBUNTU or BUNTU which is sufficiently similar to the Trademarks or any other confusingly similar mark, and (ii) any Trademark in a domain name or URL or for merchandising purposes.

The "Contact Us" section links to http://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/contact-us, which is a form:

  Please contact us using the form below if you’d like to request an Ubuntu trademark licence, or have any other trademark enquiry. A member of our trademarks team will be in touch with you shortly.

More options for contacting Canonical are given in their "About" page: http://www.canonical.com/about


Is it possible to somehow undo the results of the mv command?

You have lost ALL but the last file offered up by find, it is now called ./1. Note that find finds files in its own order, so "last" doesn't mean what you think. By inserting an echo in front of the mv, we see:

Script started on Thu 14 Jul 2016 07:02:01 PM EDT
+w3@aardvark:~(0)$ mkdir tmp/answer
+w3@aardvark:~(0)$ cd !$
cd tmp/answer
+w3@aardvark:~/tmp/answer(0)$ for i in a b c d; do
> mkdir $i
> done
+w3@aardvark:~/tmp/answer(0)$ for i in a/1 b/2 c/3 d/4 a/0 ; do
> touch $i
> done
+w3@aardvark:~/tmp/answer(0)$ touch 9 8 7 6
+w3@aardvark:~/tmp/answer(0)$ find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec echo mv {} ./1 \;
mv ./8 ./1
mv ./6 ./1
mv ./9 ./1
mv ./7 ./1
+w3@aardvark:~/tmp/answer(0)$ exit

Script done on Thu 14 Jul 2016 07:05:21 PM EDT


With ssh you have the terminal and might even start something graphical but if you just want access to the desktop like in virtual desktop the easiest way to do that is with vnc server and vnc client. Also Remmina works good. VNC clients and server are in the standard Ubuntu repository so they can be found and installed with the standard Ubuntu Software.
The advantage of VNC is that there are clients on most Operating systems so a laptop or machine with windows, (any)linux, mac, android will work. If you tweak the server settings you can even connect with an old dos machine.

I remember fiddling with this and I stumbled on having to poke a port 23 or 5900 hole in the serverside ubuntu firewall to get it working.


How to disable secure boot on acer aspire 5 running ubuntu 18.04.1

Just set the BIOS password and then reboot.


How do I stop apt-get when it's running?

If you wish to:

End a process do: CTRL + C
Kill a process do: CTRL + U

Though you should note that interrupting apt-get/apt in the middle of a package installation or removal can cause problems later on and could even corrupt your system and make it unbootable (depending on the package) so it is something which is highly inadvisable to do.

Especially by just powering down your system, that is total interruption of what it is doing, at least with the end shortcut the program can choose what to do in such a circumstance and may have a cleaner exit which allows it to resume later on (so it may take a few moments for this shortcut to work, please be patient at least for this).

If you wish later on to resume apt-get you may run either of these commands:

sudo apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg --configure -a


You need to tell scripts which version of python they should be using, otherwise the system will choose for you and it will always be the same one. There is an environment variable that also controls the python version executed when the script uses the envvar bang line (instead of #!/usr/bin/python).

If you need an older version of python, you should try to install it via a debian package. If you can't find one, then you should not install it and simply use a binary package in /opt and redirect all your scripts to use that python. I presume you might not know how to use chroot or anything similar.


They are actually three things.

The original Bumblebee project came first. It was written in Bash.

As things grew messy the original Bumblebee developer (MrMEEE) started Ironhide as a fork of the original project, layering on Ubuntu-specific configuration tools. As of Jan 2011, MrMEEE is currently less involved with the project due to his $DAYJOB but hopes to continue work on it at some point.

Bumblebee became The Bumblebee Project (TBP), now maintained by new developers starting with a complete rewrite in C. Development is still relatively active but the future of the project seems bright.

The following extract shows the relationship between the latter two projects as they forked out of the first. You can read a lot more about the history on The Bumblebee Project's history page but you should note that it is written by the new Bumblebee maintainers. There is bad

We decided to rewrite the old MrMEEE/bumblebee codebase which contained some design flaws. We established a new development architecture, a managed organization and started to rewrite everything from scratch. During this process, we got rid of the online database. This allowed for a more secure, offline installation. MrMEEE decided not to take part in this project and instead removed support for distributions other than Ubuntu and continued with the name Ironhide. We continued with the name "Bumblebee", and use TBP/Bumblebee (TBP = The Bumblebee Project) to distinguish from the legacy MrMEEE/bumblebee project.
Unfortunately, this led to the belief that Bumblebee was dead and that Ironhide is better or even "deprecates" TBP/Bumblebee. Although the configuration database is quite horrible (it downloads unconfirmed scripts which can contain even malicious or incomplete code), it sometimes just "works". The Bumblebee Project team decided not to enable such a feature by default because we are focused on stability and do not want to give users a bad experience. A lot issues on https://github.com/MrMEEE/ironhide/issues are a result of misconfiguration of ACPI calls.

If you listen to them, you want to be using the latest Bumblebee (TBP). If you listen to MrMEEE you probably want to be using TBP (for the moment until he can maintain his project again).


What algorithm is used by Disk Utility encryption?

gnome-disk-utility uses crypttab, which in turn uses luks (linux unified key setup) and dm-crypt to provide encryption.

Luks uses TKS1 and the PBKDF2 hash algorithm.


Look under /usr/share/ppd, there might be a sub-directory or 2 but ultimately your driver should be somewhere there.


Do I need Landscape?

As long as you don't manage other machines, you don't need Landscape.

But I thought it was installed ...

Maybe you infer that you have it installed from seeing it in the system settings. However, it probably isn't installed. If you click on it, you'll be asked whether you want to install it.

If you saw it in the software center and it was marked as installed: Look closer. It's the package landscape-client-ui-install which is just a minuscule package which provides the installation of landscape.

Well, thanks, but how do I figure out how whether it actually is installed?

Just click on the Landscape button in the system settings and see whether you're asked to install it.


Open Terminal (press Ctrl + Alt + T) and check this file:

cat /etc/default/speech-dispatcher

If you find RUN=yes then change it to RUN=no. This should recover back the sound. However, if the RUN is already set to no then upgrading your sound drivers could fix the no sound issue:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-audio-dev
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


gmsh won't install because libmed1 won't install either. The problem is that there is a conflict with different versions of package libhdf5.

So in order to fix it

Open synaptic and searched for libhdf5
Then install libhdf5-openmpi-1.8.4, this will remove some of the libhdf5 packages and IIRC some octave-3.2 packages too.

After that I went on to install libmed1 and once that was done I was finally able to install gmsh.

So far I haven't had any further problems related to this.


How can I change the white background in the file manager?

You can try to change the "gtk_color_scheme" (gtk-2)  or "default color scheme"(gtk-3) defined in the "gtkrc" or "gtk.css" files of your theme.

AS vasa1 explains in this answer, there are advantages to keep the themes in you ~/.themes folder.Because will be user-specific and not system-wide and you do not need sudo to edit them.

Here you have an example.

In this case I'm running Xubuntu 13.04 with the default them "Greybird".I only edit the gtkrc file (gtk-2) because Thunar (As far as I know) is a gtk-2 application.

1) Open a Terminal window and type:

sudo mousepad /usr/share/themes/Greybird/gtk-2.0/gtkrc

Search for the line nuber 6, and change the base_color from #fcfcfc to #CECECE

BEFORE:

  gtk_color_scheme  =
  "bg_color:#CECECE\nselected_bg_color:#398ee7\nbase_color:#fcfcfc" #
  Background, base.

AFTER:

  gtk_color_scheme  =
  "bg_color:#CECECE\nselected_bg_color:#398ee7\nbase_color:#CECECE" #
  Background, base.

2) Logout and Login to see the changes.

BEFORE:

AFTER:

Also you can edit the file gtk.css for the (gtk-3) applications.

sudo mousepad /usr/share/themes/Greybird/gtk-3.0/gtk.css

You can change the @define-color base_color from #fcfcfc to #CECECE

NOTE: This is just an example, please change the settings according to your needs.

Hope it helps.


I go back and forth between bash and zsh, and use the same .aliases file for both. They share the same basic alias syntax, so you can create a .aliases file and link it to .bashrc and .zshrc:
.bashrc
if [ -f ~/.aliases ]; then
    . ~/.aliases
fi

.zshrc
source $HOME/.aliases

FWIW this can also be done with environment variable declarations, in a separate .env file.


Displaylink installation Kernel version 3.13.0-55-generic is too old

You've done the correct thing by installing the Utopic HWE stack kernel, but will need to reboot to start using the 3.16 kernel. Your install of Displaylink should proceed as planned after that.

If you want to get some space back in your /boot directory then do:

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get clean

This will get rid of any unnecessary kernel files and other unused dependencies.


Having a separate C: and D: suggests there might be two physical drives.

From what I see above, you have a Root partition of 243MB in /dev/sda1, and then an ubuntu-vg LVM partition of 298GB, /dev/sda5, within the extended partition /dev/sda2. I would, very carefully, examine what's in /dev/sda5 and copy anything you want to save to an external drive, then delete (in this order) /dev/sda5, /dev/sda2, save the change, then expand /dev/sda1 to fill almost the entire drive, leaving room (2GB? 4GB? However much your RAM size is) for the swap partition.

After you have set /dev/sda1 to roughly 294-296 GB and created the /dev/sda5 swap (inside an extended partition /dev/sda2), save again.

Then, check what's in /dev/sdb by clicking on the spin box at upper left which now says /dev/sda 298.09GB for I suspect the 500GB drive is really /dev/sdb and /dev/sda is a 300GB drive.


Can Wayland have network transparency implemented as a plugin?

What a lot of people don't understand about about Wayland is that it's not intended as a complete replacement for everything Xorg does, if it were then it would have no advantage over Xorg. We've become so accustom to the display server protocal, X11, supporting network transparency, font rendering (hardly ever used anymore), drawing of polygons and archs (also hardly ever used anymore)... that we simply expect that that's what a display server does.

Wayland is a display server, and only a display server. It composites buffers to the screen using a very basic protocol, and leaves all other features to a different level, they are out of the scope of Wayland.

One way to think of it is to ask a similar question about the sound architecture in Linux rather than the graphics architecture.

Does ALSA support network transparency? The answer is no, that's outside the scope of ALSA. But you can still use network transparency in linux, that's why we have pulseaudio.

Your question is slightly different, but I think is still based on the idea that this is something Wayland itself should support.

Can ALSA have network transparency implemented as a plugin? I would answer no, because I wouldn't consider pulseaudio to be a "plugin" for ALSA, but rather something that runs on top of ALSA.

So "Can Wayland have network transparency implemented as a plugin"? No, but that doesn't in any way mean that you won't be able to use network transparency with Wayland.

Xorg can run on top of Wayland, and just as efficiently as if Xorg itself were the display server. So you can still use "ssh -X" and get a local window for a remote app, running right alongside all your other local windows that may be native Wayland clients.

So Wayland will in no way prevent you from using X11 applications remotely, exactly as you do today. And in addition it allows efficient implementations of other protocols for network transparency, like RDP, VNC, and even HTML5: http://blogs.gnome.org/alexl/2010/11/23/gtk3-vs-html5/

I hope that short novel answers your question :)


sudo apt-get install apache2 - doesn't work

Have you already tired to install it multitude of time, or do you have some other server installed already??If so, you need to shot down or delete that other server, (if you want to use Apache as a local host) When I had the need to do fresh install Apache web server I had only fallowed this tutorial

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q8Jj4aAWYw&t=100s


sofware upgrades fails to update in 11.10

Try to update only 20 -30 packages, if this succeeds, update another 20-30. That helps me when I have such a problem. I used to have it on Kubuntu.


How to find UUID for setting up LUKS with keyfile protection for external drive

sudo lsblk -o +name,mountpoint,uuid

The sudo is important to show unmounted partitions.

Disks don't necessarily have UUIDs, only partitions usually do. UUIDs are metadata which need to be stored on the partition in a format understood by the system. The system understands UUID of partitions which are formatted ext3, ext4, swap, LUKS, FAT, LVM and so on. On disks which use the relatively new GPT partition table, partitions also have a partuuid which is stored in the partition table, and you can access them as entries in /dev/disk/by-partuuid/.


Quickly application create config folder and config file under user's home folder

Quickly doesn't offer any helpers to set up a text config file, you'll have to do that yourself. GLib give you an easy way to get the user config directory, GLib.get_user_config_dir() and you can use ConfigParser to handle the file itself.

Something like so:

from gi.repository import GLib
import ConfigParser

[....]

    confDir =  os.path.join(GLib.get_user_config_dir(), 'myapp/')
    confFile = os.path.join(confDir + "conf.ini")
    config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()

    if os.path.isfile(confFile):
        config.read(confFile)
        some_setting = config.get('Some Section', 'some_setting')
    else:
        if not os.path.exists(confDir):
            os.makedirs(confDir)
        config.add_section('Some Section')
        config.set('Some Section', 'some_setting', 'some_value')
        with open(confFile, 'wb') as confFile:
            config.write(confFile)


are there any issues creating a tmpfs mount when my root partition is a RAID5 array

No problem, by the time you are mounting /tmp is mounted / will aready be mounted.  The file system you are mounting to is relatively unimportant.  It is important that it is already mounted.  Using tmpfs will actually help your raid perfomance if you do use /tmp a lot.

More important with tmpfs is the size of your swap partition.  The available memory including swap controls how large a tmpfs file system you can create.  When memory gets tight or /tmp data ages, it is likley be moved to swap.  Creating large files in tmpfs tends to involve swapping some of the data to your swap partition, but generally this should not be a problem.

EDIT: WARNING: tmpfs is temporary and will be flushed every reboot.  I've seen long multi-step runs trashed by storing data on file systems cleared on reboot. Don't use a tmpfs mount for anything that needs to survive a reboot.  Do use tmpfs for anything that should not survive a reboot.

Some systems have a script that clears /tmp and/or similar directories on reboot.  Behavior of these should be the same whether or not tmpfs is used.


Try this.. it worked for me.
First off. If the key works before passing the login screen and doesn't after it, then continue reading :D .
Go to settings > keyboard > Typing Look at (compose key) and (Alternative Characters Key) if any of them is assigned to Caps Lock change it to be something else (disable it if possible)  the caps lock will work normally


Why do I still get an older version of Dropbox when downloading the latest one?

I use 10.10 and this forums on Dropbox forum helped me.

You have to manually reinstall drobpoxd (dropbox stop; rm -r ~/.dropbox-dist/; dropbox start -i).


Sudodus's advice is correct, doing a full install to USB device is just about the same as doing an install to internal drive.
I have tried most of the things on the page he references with success. Imaging a Fully installed OS to USB simplifies installation a lot but you need the space to download the image file.

A few hints if you are building the drive from scratch:

If you ever plan on using the 32GB drive for data, on a Windows machine, you might want to use "something else" when partitioning and make the first partition NTFS.

If you are worried about wearing out the drive with too many writes, you can make a "/home" partition with an ext2 non-journaling file system.

While in the partitioning window you can confirm the 32GB drive is selected for grub.

It might be worth doing an encrypted install if you will be carrying the drive around with you.


Can't boot into Windows from GRUB after formatting old Windows drive

Grub 2 has the capability to auto-detect other operating systems and automatically add an entry to the boot menu for them. Since your setup has changed after formatting the drive, you should re-run the detection script using the following command:

sudo update-grub


Left CTRL, ALT and SUPER do not work anymore

The following worked for me:
go to settings > Devices > Keyboard, and do Reset All!
I do not know why the setting were different, perhaps it because I did the upgrade from Ubuntu 16.4!


The CD has to be burned so that it is bootable (link). If you did that, then perhaps the BIOS is not configured to boot a CD (link).

Alternative to a CD, you can boot and install from a USB (link). The BIOS will similarly have to be configured to boot a USB drive before the hard drive with the existing operating system.


Live-USB does not run sudo apt-get update

There is no need to update the apt-get in live mode.

You are installing these in the Ram, as soon as you reboot your computer it will be lost anyway, it won't affect the Ubuntu installation you have on your disk.

Type in this command in the terminal sudo update-grub

to fix your problem.


In 12.04 LTS there's a slightly cleaner way to do it. Just run

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface ubuntu-overlay-scrollbars false

in a terminal. Apps opened afterwards will have the non-ayatana scrollbar.

To get the default behavior back, run

gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface ubuntu-overlay-scrollbars

If you are using 12.10 or later, run

gsettings set com.canonical.desktop.interface scrollbar-mode normal

And to return to the default, run

gsettings reset com.canonical.desktop.interface scrollbar-mode


They are the file type.  10 is a fifo, and 40 is a directory.  From man 2 stat:

   The following flags are defined for the st_mode field:

       S_IFMT     0170000   bit mask for the file type bit fields
       S_IFSOCK   0140000   socket
       S_IFLNK    0120000   symbolic link
       S_IFREG    0100000   regular file
       S_IFBLK    0060000   block device
       S_IFDIR    0040000   directory
       S_IFCHR    0020000   character device
       S_IFIFO    0010000   FIFO
       S_ISUID    0004000   set-user-ID bit
       S_ISGID    0002000   set-group-ID bit (see below)
       S_ISVTX    0001000   sticky bit (see below)
       S_IRWXU    00700     mask for file owner permissions
       S_IRUSR    00400     owner has read permission
       S_IWUSR    00200     owner has write permission
       S_IXUSR    00100     owner has execute permission
       S_IRWXG    00070     mask for group permissions
       S_IRGRP    00040     group has read permission
       S_IWGRP    00020     group has write permission
       S_IXGRP    00010     group has execute permission
       S_IRWXO    00007     mask for permissions for others (not in group)
       S_IROTH    00004     others have read permission
       S_IWOTH    00002     others have write permission
       S_IXOTH    00001     others have execute permission


juju gomaasapi: got error back from server: 504 Gateway Timeout

If upload-tools works and it doesn't without, chances are you need the following firewall ports open:

MAAS, its nodes and the Autopilot will need to be able to reach the internet, or at least these sites (http and https):

maas.ubuntu.com
cloud-images.ubuntu.com
streams.canonical.com
an Ubuntu archive (archive.ubuntu.com or a mirror)
api.jujucharms.com
manage.jujucharms.com
jujucharms.com
store.juju.ubuntu.com
keyserver.ubuntu.com
ppa.launchpad.net
usn.ubuntu.com

If opening holes in a firewall, be mindful that these addresses may resolve to multiple IPs.


SSH manager like Tera Term Menu or SSHMenu for Ubuntu

The bad news is that there doesn't exist a Linux version of Tera Term and SSHMenu doesn't work with (starting with Ubuntu 11.04 - Natty Narwhal).

The good news is that you can use your already installed gnome-terminal to accomplish what you wish. Yes, the default terminal in Ubuntu.

You have to create a profile for each server where you want to connect.

First you need to install sshpass - a tool for non-interactive ssh password authentication if you don't have it already installed:

sudo apt-get install sshpass

And now I will show you an example to illustrate how you must create a profile for one server where you will connect via ssh:

Open a Terminal and click on File → New Profile.
Type in the Profile name for the Profile such as the server where you want to connect.
After you click Create a new windou will pops up; go to the Title and Command tab.
Tick on Update login record when command is launched.
Tick on Run a custom command instead of my shell.
In the Custom command box add something like:

sshpass -p "password" ssh user@hostname

Close.

From now you cat automatically connect to the desired server via ssh from gnome-terminal when you will open a  new window or new tab from the File menu:

Thanks to jjcv for this post from where I was inspired.


Error while opening application via terminal?

For me it seems that you have edited some theme CSS files (as gtk-main.css from Radiance theme).

You can reinstall them with:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall light-themes


Just put the command in your .bashrc file in your home directory

nano ~/.bashrc

Go to the bottom of the file and type neofetch.
Once set there, it will execute every time you start your terminal.
The .bashrc is loaded each time you start a terminal session.


Check Wine's application compatibility database: http://appdb.winehq.org/


Permitting scp but not ssh - without scponly

According to this serverfault.com answer Allow SCP but not actual login using SSH, one currently supported way is by using rssh, which is available from the universe repository:

sudo apt-add-repository universe

sudo apt-get install rssh

To allow SCP, you must uncomment the corresponding line in the /etc/rssh.conf file (plus any other protocols you wish to enable):

allowscp
#allowsftp
#allowcvs
#allowrdist
#allowrsync
#allowsvnserve

Then it is just a matter of changing the user's login shell to the rssh shell, e.g.

sudo chsh -s /usr/bin/rssh steeldriver

You can then test that SCP works e.g.

$ scp steeldriver@localhost:~/Pictures/somefile.png ./
steeldriver@localhost's password:
somefile.png                                                               100%   34KB  33.7KB/s   00:00
$

but SSH should fail with a rejection message like

$ ssh steeldriver@localhost
steeldriver@localhost's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.13.0-88-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com/

Last login: Wed Jul  6 16:23:47 2016 from localhost

This account is restricted by rssh.
Allowed commands: scp

If you believe this is in error, please contact your system administrator.

Connection to localhost closed.

Note that it does not appear to be necessary to add /usr/bin/rssh to the list of allowed login shells in /etc/shells


How to manage/preserve file privileges during an online file transfer?

NOTE: The question at the time addressed Email transfer (per comments from the OP on the question).  This answer is written to address that question as it was, in that email is the transfer method available here.

When using email to transfer files between systems, you can't 'preserve' all the file permissions as you want them to be when just sending the file.  This is because it's a 'new download' that is a 'new file' created per the terms and requirements of the system policy for 'new file creation permissions' in the download location, on the download system, etc.  This is also because email protocols do not have any mechanisms to outwardly preserve the permissions from the source system.

The GitHub example you show will 'save' the permission states for the files as a part of the version control system.  Email doesn't have that mechanism.

Since we've established that Email does not let you preserve file permissions as such, you need to evaluate other methods.

Use a tarball.  You can create a directory with the file in it, and create a tarball to hold the system.  When extracted on a Linux system, it will try and 'preserve' those permissions as things were when you zipped up the files.  tar -pczf name_of_your_archive.tar.gz /path/to/directory is the general command structure to use.  However, if they can't run tar xzf or similar on the other end, this won't work.
Use a Version Control System to hold the data, such as a GitHub repository.  You could create a github repository to hold the shell script, then have the other person clone it down to their system.  This should preserve the executable bit, but no guarantees.
Instruct the other user in how to set the executable bit via the command line.  If they download the file to /home/USERNAME/Downloads, where USERNAME is their username, you can then instruct them to login to the terminal and run chmod a+x /home/USERNAME/Downloads/FileName.sh, and then they can run it by double click or by the command line.
If email is the only transfer option, then run the script with the shell language you wrote it in (likely Bash, is my guess).   This won't need any changes to the permissions or the execute bit anywhere.  Assuming that this is a Bash script, then, simply have the remote user who downloaded the script execute the following (from the Command Line): bash /path/to/script.sh (and replace /path/to/script.sh with the actual file path, likely /home/USERNAME/Downloads or a default email download location or if downloaded via webmail in a web browser where USERNAME is the user's username)

Other than the first three methods, which I am aware of, I don't believe you will be able to 'preserve' the permissions when sending the file to the other user.  This is a limitation of Email - it can't preserve permissions in that way, because there's no way to save the permissions as part of that file in a way that is preserved during the transport over email.  The fourth option gives a method to not even need the executable bit and not mess with permissions at all.


The output shows that wl is compiled but not in use.

Disable Secure Boot in BIOS and Wi-Fi should work.

If you run sudo modprobe wl, you'll see what is the problem.


Need to deactivate NVIDIA driver from recovery mode or using Ubuntu 12.04 install disk

I figured it out

From recovery mode, select networking.  That will also mount the disk

Then I can enter a root shell and

apt-get remove --purge nvidia*

After rebooting, I was able to

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

And that one seems to work fine.


How to build a program in Launchpad which has dependencies from external repository?

Click on either of the "View Package Details" link (will take you to this page) and click on "Copy Packages" on the right side. Select which packages you want to copy and make sure the destination PPA and series are set correctly.


No that is not possible. The architectures are different, so your CPU can not execute the binary. You can try to cross compile the package or look for a build for your CPU for that package.

Take a look at here, that might help you.


Uninstalling a program misplaced in home folder

apt will never place programs in your home directory, so you did that yourself.
It is preferred to use the uninstall procedure of the program, if provided. If that is not available, then you will need to just delete the installed program folders and files.


Vmware Wayland enabling 1920x1080 resolution

What worked for me is skipping the monitor name.
In /etc/default/grub file,
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet video=1920x1080-32"

Also setting below variables helps
GRUB_GFXMODE=1920x1080x32
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep
GRUB_TERMINAL=gfxterm

Then run command
sudo update-grub

For more info: https://www.systutorials.com/configuration-of-linux-kernel-video-mode/


First of all we need to know both your incoming and outgoing mail servers, which may be different in certain cases.

Focusing on your only issue to send email, let's see how my "Sending Email" tab in the "Account Editor" window looks like, as shown in the next screenshot:

As you can see, my "Server configuration" reads the outgoing server's name plus the port after the two points symbol.

Additionally, Port 587 may require authentication based on your email's name and not just your nick and make sure you don't need to use a encrypted secure connection.

Give this a try and please inform on your outgoing server's name in order to change this answer if needed. Usually, doing what I mentioned here fixes that issue.

Good luck!


You're asking a really open ended question but here goes, you're probably looking for configuration management. Ubuntu includes Puppet for this purpose, though there are other tools such as Chef that are also available.

Since you're not asking a specific question, I can point you to the quick start documents for Puppet:

http://docs.puppetlabs.com/

The quick answer here is you have a machine called a "puppetmaster" and then you'll install the puppet client on all the machines you want to manage. The machines will check in periodically and execute whatever recipes they're told to execute that you write and put on the puppetmaster.

This can be anything from installing packages to running customized scripts, it's really up to you to decide how you want to use it.

After you've picked a tool feel free to just ask specific questions here, you'll find activity in the puppet tag.


What problems can I expect using a 13.10 saucy repository in 14.04 trusty?

I guess it will be safe to assume that at least until an newer repository becomes available it will be safe for me to use the older version.


Operations with iptables and the ip6tables (for IPv6) commands are applied immediately. You might have a rule in your INPUT chain which accepts the traffic before it reaches this one, like:

iptables -A INPUT -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

If you apply your rule with -A, the rule will be appended after the previous rules and even if you say that traffic from 123.123.123.123 should be blocked, the rule allowing TCP 80 traffic has precedence. It's recommended that you insert a new chain (blocklist below) in your ruleset as in:

sudo iptables -N blocklist
sudo iptables -I INPUT -j blocklist

And then apply rules to the blocklist chain instead of the INPUT chain:

sudo iptables -A blocklist -s 123.123.123.123 -j DROP


plex media server keeps asking me to install plex media server

Instead of the IP 1.1.1.14 you have to use localhost as hostname in the browser, even when connecting locally:

http://localhost:32400/web


Wi Fi Problem on Ubuntu 16.04.1. Connecting and Disconnecting continuously

Ok. Agreed. But some particular requirements are there internally. Means Hardware dependency related to project So how to make stable wi fi connection in Ubuntu 16.04


New 256GB SDCARD gnome-disk said that is a 249 GB Drive. Is broken?

No.  It's a different way of calculating.  Storage on computers if often calculated in powers of two.  Humans calculate in powers of 10.  In small numbers, that doesn't show.  But in large sizes it shows.


Terminal commands to add NEW custom browser to Preferred Applications?

Answer from the original poster:

Finally got it to work using a program called "System Settings": System Settings Version 1.0 Using KDE Development Platform 4.4.5 (KDE 4.4.5) (c) 2009, Ben Cooksley

First, I elevated my permissions to root (admin)
Using "System Settings"
General Tab
Under the "Personal" Section, select "Default Applications"
Go to "Web Browser," (go to 2nd selection) "In the following browser," search around and select "iron."

I could not get Xdg-open to work. Not saying that it doesn't work, just saying "I" couldn't get this to work


newbie, installing unebootin packages help

You must install these. Packages have often other packages as dependencies. This has the advantage that packages don't need to maintain their dependencies, e.g. if a used packages gets an update, the update is installed by the package manager and the package that uses the updated package gets the advantages of the update.


You can try to get into firmware by hitting F2/F12/Del quickly after rebooting/powering on the notebook.

Just in case, I'm doing weekly releases of ALT Linux Rescue which supports UEFI and can live with SecureBoot enabled -- there's efibootmgr there so you can tweak the boot order either (although firmware might be easier).


Dual booting pre installed Windos 7 and Ubuntu 14.04 (SSD + HDD)

Leave those partitions alone. You don't need to install Ubuntu on an SSD: it's pretty fast as it is. Instead, resize the Data partition and leave some space for Ubuntu, which you can format from the setup.

If you really want Ubuntu on your SSD, resize your Windows 7 partition from 220GB to 180GB, so that there's 40GB of free space. Boot into the Ubuntu installer, and choose the "Something Else..." option when asked how you want to install Ubuntu.

From here, right click the 40GB partition on the second drive (sdb), select (I think) "Properties," format it as ext4 and mount it as /. Then, right click the partition you made on the first drive (sda), format it as ext4 and mount it as /home.

Proceed with the installation, and you should have a successful dual boot of Ubuntu and Windows, with the Ubuntu OS itself on the SSD and all your data on the HDD.

If you need any more details or help with this, by all means, comment and I'll help. Sorry for the unspecific instructions; I don't have an install screen in front of me at the moment.


The normal shutdown only waits a very short time, before forcing running programs to quit.

I guess you need another approach: Start a command, which first issues the backup, and then init the shutdown.


Ubuntu displays out of rotation on wake from sleep

Try this command in terminal:

xrandr -o normal

Or depending on your setup and preferences, you can also try:

xrandr -o left
xrandr -o right

Once you find the correct one for your monitor setup, and if this issue keeps happening every time you wake your monitor from sleep, you may consider creating a script that runs every time the computer wakes up that does the correct command.

Here are some instructions on how to add a script that runs on wake up: Script on Wakeup


Is it possible to configure openvpn in ubuntu according configuration files relevant to windows?

According to SparkLabs.com >> Support the .visz file is actually a compressed .visc file. This site also shows the contents of that file.

You will likely need to configure your OpenVPN (on Ubuntu) to match the settings in this file.

OpenVPN.net >> How To

Also look at:

AskUbuntu >> How do I setup OpenVPN so I can securely use the internet from an unsecured hotspot?


Microsoft hasn't updated Skype for Linux for a long time and it no longer works. I'm not sure if a fix will be released.


Ubuntu 19.10: why is the "locate" command missing?

There was this thread: mlocate - what is it good for? with this:

  The Ubuntu Foundations team was recently looking at an issue with
  mlocate[1] and the effect it has on all users of Ubuntu. While that
  specific issue is fixable there are also issues[2,3] with keeping
  PRUNEFS and PRUNEPATHS current in updatedb.conf. So we ended up
  questioning the usefulness of installing mlocate by default on systems
  at all. We believe that find is an adequate replacement for mlocate ...

This initial post called for opinions on the matter.

Later, in the same thread, there's this:

  My own sense is that this is not a server vs desktop thing; there are users
  of locate, to be sure, but I believe they are a very small minority on both
  desktop and server (small on desktop because the user will generally use the
  gui instead; small on server because most server use is not interactive at
  the shell).  I don't think the benefit of having locate available by default
  justifies the daily disk thrashing / energy usage on every Ubuntu machine
  everywhere.  I think it's not onerous for those who want to use locate to
  manually install it the first time they need it on a machine.

And this:

  Well, I don't think this is an argument for keeping mlocate installed by
  default on desktops, because effectively this means that you have TWO
  indexers on your desktop system - both tracker and mlocate.  It looks like
  nautilus currently depends on tracker, so I'm not sure how one would
  uninstall it and usefully fall back to the mlocate backend anyway, but at
  most I'd say this should be expressed as 'Depends: tracker | mlocate' in
  nautilus, and not have mlocate kept around on the system updating its
  database daily just in case a user removes tracker.

The bottom line is that if you want it, just install it.


Setting up custom modulefiles in environment-modules on ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Multiple syntax errors are present in your modulefiles. This is why you get this Module Error: extra characters after close-quote error message.

Modulefile Tcl commands do not use (, , and ) characters, so you need to rewrite:

setenv(     "INTELPATH",        "/opt/intel/bin")
prepend_path(   "PATH",         "/opt/intel/bin")
prepend_path(   "LD_LIBRARY_PATH",  "/opt/intel/lib")

Into:

setenv       INTELPATH       /opt/intel/bin
prepend-path PATH            /opt/intel/bin
prepend-path LD_LIBRARY_PATH /opt/intel/lib

The same applies to the openmpi modulefile.

Complete modulefile command reference can be found at https://modules.readthedocs.io/en/stable/modulefile.html


How to clean/repair Ubuntu 12.04 when the stable comes out?

If you update your packages constantly the OS should be almost stable by now and if you do it after the release all your packages will be the same version as a brand new one.

If you need you can reset your user configuration files to get rid of any old issue with them but there should not be any difference between the packages from a updated system and the packages from a fresh install.

For more information on how to do that please have a look at

How do I reset GNOME to the defaults?
Reset Unity and Gnome to default values


How can I import photos with tags from f-spot to shotwell

Shotwell can import F-Spot tags out of the box. Just choose the menu "import from F-Spot" (sorry, i don't know the english menu. It's the second menu-item).

It worked fine for me.


Not all of Sony and Hp touchpad will give you problem but if they do give you you can try the following sequence of commands on the terminal. You can bring the terminal in ubuntu by pressing ctrl+alt+t key together

 echo "options psmouse proto=imps"|sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/psmouse.conf; sudo modprobe -r psmouse; sudo modprobe psmouse

Copy paste the above code in terminal, write the password. and then check your right and left click. I am sure, it will work :)


After 13.04 installation, computer only boots to windows

do you remember where you put the bootloader grub? There were the two possibilities to put it either to the mbr (e.g. /dev/sda) => in this case your ubuntu should have booted right. Or to put it to the root-partition (e.g. /dev/sda2). In this case you would have reainstall it to mbr, e.g. via "grub rescue disk"


This is a known bug, with a lot of duplicates.

I followed robamlers advice, and downgraded the driver to the previous version. It worked, at least for me.

Steps:

Remove bcmwl-kernel-source version 6.20

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source broadcom-sta-common broadcom-sta-source
I rebooted, just to make sure nothing remaining of the old driver. Not sure if this is necessary.
Download and install bcmwl-kernel-source_5.100.82.112+bdcom-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb from
http://packages.ubuntu.com/quantal/amd64/bcmwl-kernel-source/download
UPDATE: Ignore updates to bcmwl-kernel-source_6.20.155.1 untitl a new version comes available by writing:

  Package: bcmwl-kernel-source
  Pin: version 6.20.155.1+bdcom-0ubuntu6
  Pin-Priority: -1

to /etc/apt/preferences. (Courtesy of this answer)

More news: Upgrading to Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander will get you a warning about the 5.100 package, but the wireless interface still works quite fine.

Update: Now that bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.141 is available, you can switch to the new driver.

Remove pinning entry from /etc/apt/preferences
Remove driver 5.100 version.

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source broadcom-sta-common broadcom-sta-source
Install latest version from 'Software Center' -> 'Software Sources' -> 'Additional Drivers'.


Ubuntu 18.10 to 19.04, end of life version

The fault lay in Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading.
A package was held back and it was stopping the upgrade. I updated the held package and got it unstuck.


Is there any disadvantage if i install ubuntu on windows?

I am not 100% sure that I understand you question, but if you install Ubuntu you have Ubuntu. It does not truly matter how it is installed as along as the installation is successful.

So to answer you question no it does not matter.


Ubuntu MATE is the equivalent of Xubuntu in lightweight system requirements, but it is better than either Lubuntu or Xubuntu because MATE desktop environment has true HiDPI support in 18.04 and later.  Every aspect of Ubuntu MATE 18.04, its themes, its applications, its icons and its toolkit assets have been updated to take advantage of HiDPI. This is a great feature for web development.


Changing the location of (specifically) the home folder window on screen when opening it

The simplest, pragmatic solution

To make sure the window always appears on the same poissition, create a shortcut to get it done:

Install xdotool, to position the window:

sudo apt install xdotool

Add the following command to a keyboard shortcut:

/bin/bash -c "nautilus ~ && sleep 0.5 && xdotool getactivewindow windowmove 300 300"

Where you need to replace 300 300 by the actual position (x/y) where you want the window to appear: choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the command above to a shortcut you like.

Note

This works nicely, but there is a small chance that if your system is heavily occupied, the window will not appear in time so the xdotoolcommand will run in vain. Writing a separate script to prevent this from happening once a year seems overkill though in this situation.


Ubuntu Studio 20.04 Desktop Background After Upgrade

I don't know the wallpaper, but I would first check this folder /usr/share/backgrounds  or search like this.
Download the photo.
Then put the wallpaper in /usr/share/backgrounds


You need to add the fstab entry in /etc/fstab

It needs to be mentioned with your UUID

Here is my example of fstab entry

# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=c44126db-1f07-4dfa-a836-e478fecdd8d0 none            swap    sw              0       0

This is my swap entry which was Automatically created and u need to enter the value as show here

If you need to know the UUID of your drive, run the command

#blkid /dev/yourdrive

Then you will get the value like this:

/dev/sda5: UUID="c44126db-1f07-4dfa-a836-e478fecdd8d0" TYPE="swap"

See how i have run it in my PC :

root@system99:/home/sysadmin# blkid /dev/sda5
/dev/sda5: UUID="c44126db-1f07-4dfa-a836-e478fecdd8d0" TYPE="swap"


formatting/partitioning: Ubuntu installer vs GParted vs gnome-disks utility

The recommended/easiest way is to boot Ubuntu (Studio) from the live USB and either simply let the automatic installer (install Ubuntu 16.04 and let the installer do the partitioning for you) or, when it asks you how you want to partition, click 'Something Else' and use the installer's manual partitioner that comes up. Naturally I would expect that you would know what you're doing if you take that option!

I think you can also try running GNOME Disks from the Live USB if you want to try that. And you might be able to install Gparted to the live USB to run that (apparently you need to select 'stored in reserved space' when creating the live USB via Startup Disk Creator to do this) or you can use Gparted Live to partition the SSD beforehand, but this is more complex.

Really, just use the installer. I can't give any proper run-down on pros and cons (you'll need to wait for someone else to answer if you want that) but I can say that using the installer to partition is recommended and probably easiest.

If you have any serious problems (by this I mean a proper issue, not "I don't like how the installer does this") with partitioning with the installer, then try and reproduce the problem by running the installer after clicking 'Try Ubuntu' (instead of 'Install Ubuntu) at the start and running the ubuntu-bug ubiquity command in Terminal preferably after reproducing the bug (make sure you've connected to the Internet). Then the developers can try to fix the bug.


How to order the word-match via bash script

It's not the most effecient code, but it'll do the job.
#! /bin/bash

mapfile -t name < <(ads2 cls create | grep -Po "name = \"\K.*(?=\")")
mapfile -t state < <(ads2 cls create | grep -Po "state = \"\K.*(?=\")")

a=0
while [[ $a -gt -1 ]]
do
        echo "NODE-$(echo $a+1 | bc) ${name[$a]} has the state ${state[$a]}"
        a=$((a+1))
        if [[ -z ${name[$a]} ]]
        then
                a=-2
        fi
done

Paste that in a .sh file (e.g. node_status.sh), make it executable (sudo chmod a+x node_status.sh) and then run it (path/to/script/node_status.sh or ./node_status.sh if you're in the dir that the script is located in). The good thing about this script is that when you add node(s) (NODE-3 NODE-4 etc.), the script can handle that and will give you the name and status of every node (not just the first two). You can have 100 nodes, and it will give the name and status of all 100 nodes.


Intel Core i3-4* Graphics don't work on Ubuntu 12.04

OK, got it!

Ubuntu brings the xserver in many different versions. I installed the one from 14.04:

apt-get install xserver-xorg-lts-trusty

This replaces the xserver and all of its drivers (and the kernel if not happened yet). Now Intel's Haswell graphics works.


Failed to install Ubuntu 12.10 on Oracle VM VirtualBox

After complete installation make sure you change the controller : IDE settings of the virtual machine in its settings Window under "storage" to "empty" again from the "bootable OS disk " you used to install your virtual OS.

Otherwise what happens is that on restart your virtual machine, your machine keeps booting from the disk .


GRUB not updated as required, what should I do?

Just revert the file. There is only a line of modification which you can easily find. After the file has been updated, you can easily find it and update it.

In case of multiple differences you can

First take a backup of your config file
Then revert the file
After the update is complete, you can compare the updated file and your backup file using a diff tool and come with the merged file.
I use meld for this purpose


Try installing xulrunner-2.0 manually and try invoking gnome-shell. That worked for me.
[Edit]
I am not sure if I noticed the fact that you tried creating a link to xulrunner.
I identified my problem using pdb (python debugger). If you are familiar with it, give it a shot.
I added these lines before the line where the error was thrown:

import pdb
pdb.set_trace()

Then basically walked through the code until I found that one of the dependencies (xulrunner) in my case was not installed. So I installed the missing dependency using synaptic. The problem may be that it requires a very specific version.

Hope this helps.


Duplicate app icons in Ubuntu Software - install and remove

Ubuntu Software shows applications which are available both as debs and snaps, in which case you may see the same application twice. LibreOffice is one such application.


Why does postgrey not launch correctly on boot with Ubuntu 16.04?

The postgrey project does not include in a systemd "service unit" file, nor does the Ubuntu package for it. The service is instead loaded by a shim that allows systemd to manage services that use the older sysv "init" scripts. This is supposed to work, but adds an extra layer of indirection and complication. I recommend you try putting the following in /etc/systemd/system/postgrey.service:

[Unit]
Description=Postfix Greylisting Service
Before=postfix.service

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStartPre=-/bin/rm -f /var/run/postgrey.pid
PIDFile=/var/run/postgrey.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/postgrey --inet=10025 -d --delay=150 --pidfile=/var/run/postgrey.pid
Restart=always
RestartSec=1

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Then disable the sysv init versions from being run:

update-rc.d -f postgrey remove

You'll need to enable the new systemd service to start at boot:

 systemctl enable postgrey

Now try again to start the service using systemd:

 systemctl start postgrey

If it still fails to start. Check the specific log for this service, journalctl -u postgrey and also the general systemd journal: journalctl.

I also recommend submitting a patch to postgrey project to add a systemctl unit file to their contrib directory so in the future an official systemd service file will be used to start the service on systemd-based systems and a shim layer will not be required.


How can I change the default location of sidebar content folders to folders in partition shared by win7 & ubuntu

Probably the simplest way for you could be this:

When you're in your home folder where you see "Documents", "Music", "Pictures" and "Video" in Nautilus, press F3 which will switch to dual-pane mode.
Go to the other pane and click on the "Storage" partition to open it and make sure you have the same folder names there.
Now go back to the first pane (your home folder) and first check if these folders are empty. If they're not, move contents (select, press down Shift key, drag and drop) to the respective folders in the opposite pane (Storage). And now delete these empty folders (safer: move to trash).
Now go back to the second pane (Storage), select these folders, press down Ctrl+Shift, and then drag and drop to the first pane (your home folder) to create shortcuts (symbolic links) there.

That's it.
But you might also prefer to make your shared partition Storage mounted every time you login. Otherwise these links will look broken until you click and mount it. To do this you need to enter this partition in a system file called fstab like this:

Enter this command in Terminal (entering your login password when asked): sudo gedit /etc/fstab
In this file add a line similar to the one below (assuming your partiton is in ntfs format, merely entering your partition uuid number instead of the example) at the end of the list:

UUID=5D07479B6A5F6512    /media/Storage    ntfs-3g    defaults,nls=utf8,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=027,fmask=137      0    0

You can get your partition uuid with this terminal command: **ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid**
Or you can start GParted, select the partition and then "Information" from the context menu.


How to load Shell before loading desktop environment?

You can get to a root shell prompt from GRUB:

Reboot your computer and from GRUB select "Advanced Options for Ubuntu"

If GRUB does not come up on your system automatically, hit Enter after turning on your device to bring it up (for UEFI systems)

Select a kernel option with "recovery mode".

Toggle "Enable networking", otherwise the file system will be mounted read-only.

Select "Drop to root shell prompt"

Press Enter

Now you have a root shell prompt and you can install software using apt commands.  Use the command reboot when you are finished.

Another option is to use a tty.  You should be able to access a terminal from your desktop environment by using CTRL + ALT + F2.
You can get back to your desktop with CTRL + ALT + F1.


Have you tried Boot-Repair? It may help.


How to recover deleted files which are on windows virtual machine on VirtualBox?

Use the TestDisk 7 recovery, it's absolutely the best recovery I ever used. It's free as well. The interface is all in text mode, but very easy to work with. There are menus to navigate.
It has very nice dry run mode, which allows you to see what is there without affecting the storage at all.
http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk

For a tutorial: http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Step_By_Step


By itself, kill only sends SIGTERM, which asks the process to quit rather than forcing it to quit. Send SIGKILL (signal number 9), which forces it to quit, with the following:

kill -9 16819

If that doesn't work, try the following:

sudo kill -9 16819

Note that kill -9 should only be used if closing the application normally fails, as it doesn't give the application any time to clean up after itself, to finish up changing anything on disk (potentially leaving a corrupt file), or to save anything.


Does Ubuntu One sync symbolic links with Windows?

Symlinks won't be followed in Ubuntu One for Windows. The way it will work is the same way as the existing Ubuntu One for Ubuntu: you'll be able to mark any folder as synchronised with Ubuntu One. We're working on that right now. :-)


Can't move mp3 files from my laptop to my microSD card

The read only mode is the write protection switch.  Most SDCard have this.  Sometimes handling it can cause it to accidentally be turned to the protection side.

Check it when there's a problem writing to the media.


setting a tcl/tk library path inside a snap package

Here is the solution for anyone wanting to try this. Tcl was complaining about not finding init.tcl and wish wasnt even starting up. I tried every way to export the path the file was in with no luck. I noticed when generating a snap package, a wrapper is generated for each exposed binary. in this package I created 2 binaries- tclsh and wish. With no luck exporting I copied the  wrapper files to where the snapcraft.yaml file is because  cleaning the system would kill all the previous files generated. I added the following to each wrapper

export TCL_LIBRARY=$SNAP/usr/share/tcltk/tcl8.6:$TCL_LIBRARY:$TK_LIBRARY
export TK_LIBRARY=$SNAP/usr/share/tcltk/tk8.6:$TK_LIBRARY:$TCL_LIBRARY

Then I edited the apps: section to reflect the use of wrappers, not direct binary calls.

apps:
  tclsh:
    command: tclsh.wrapper #used to be just tclsh without the benefit of a wrapper with exports in it
    plugs: [home, unity7, network, x11]
  wish:
    command: wish.wrapper # same as above
    plugs: [home, unity7, network, x11]

Finally in my glue section I included those wrappers

glue:
   plugin: copy
   files:
     tclsh.wrapper: usr/bin/tclsh.wrapper
     wish.wrapper: usr/bin/wish.wrapper

made the snap package and installed it. Both tclsh and wish work as expected with no complaints.

Tthe execute command for tclsh is tcl.tclsh and for wish it is tcl.wish.


Ubuntu starts in terminal mode after deleting packages and cannot reach archive.ubuntu.com

Alright so I managed to actually fix it, here is what I did:
Since I did not have any network access in the terminal mode on startup, I tried the following:

Reboot
After the logo of the PC disappears press ESC
Select Advanced boot
Boot in any recovery mode
Activate networking
Check system status.
This did not yield any success as there was still no network connection. So I checked some askbuntu posts on this and the solution that worked for me was: (still in recovery mode)
Start root shell
Check networking interfaces with ifconfig. I only saw lo, no eth0. So checked again with ifconfig -a to find the name of my ethernet interface
Edit content of /etc/network/interfaces. At this point this file only contained something like

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

So i added something like:
auto [ethernet-interface-name]
iface [ethernet-interface-name] inet dhcp

As explained in some answer here: askubuntu

Checking with ping I saw the network connection now worked. A apt install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop fixed everything after a reboot.


Acunetix is available only for Windows Platform. You can try your luck by installing it using playonlinux.

But there are other alternatives to Acunetix called Nikto. To install Nikto, open terminal and type

sudo apt-get install nikto


AutoStart Application at login in unity 15.10

Better and complete is the configuration of startup-applications in files:

For each application create a file in

  ~/.config/autostart

with the ".desktop" suffix. do it like this from the terminal:

  gedit  ~/.config/autostart/unison.desktop

And use this template for the content:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=unison -batch robert-desktop_pub
Hidden=false
NoDisplay=false
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
Name[de_DE]=unison
Name=unison
Comment[de_DE]=unison -batch robert-desktop_pub
Comment=unison -batch robert-desktop_pub

enjoy!


Cannot upgrade to latest version of thunderbird 78

The Ubuntu Desktop Team is currently working on packaging Thunderbird 78. Be patient.
You don't need to add a PPA. The Ubuntu Desktop and Ubuntu Security teams regularly update Firefox and Thunderbird in all supported releases of Ubuntu.
The specific output you received means that nobody uploaded Thunderbird 78 to that PPA.


500 OOPS: cannot change directory: /home/user/public_html, VSFTPD error

You can check this link. It worked for me.

  Make sure that the user and group permissions for the account and the home directory match. For example, if you are logging in as:

  account:x:521:500::/some/directory:/sbin/nologin

  then make sure that the home directory defined for “account” is at
  least readable and executable by user 521 and group 500.


What is the newest version of PHP/MySQL for Ubuntu 10.04?

Mysql:

lucid main repository has mysql version 5.1.72-0ubuntu0.10.04.1
lucid-updates has 5.1.72-0ubuntu0.10.04.1

For PHP:

lucid main repository has php version 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.21
lucid-updates has 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.21

Anyway, you should consider installing 12.04 instead since 10.04 support cease in April 2015 (less than 5 months). To know where you can find the support dates, see my other answer.


From Ubuntu 15.04 on, upstart using /etc/init/*.conf is replaced by systemd using configuration files in /lib/systemd/system/ and /etc/systemd/system/. Although a file /etc/init/cron.conf is still existent in Ubuntu 16.04, the script normally in use to start cron now is /lib/systemd/system/cron.service. If you want to add extra options, edit this file with

sudo systemctl edit --full cron

and replace the line

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/cron -f $EXTRA_OPTS

by e. g.

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/cron -L 15 -f $EXTRA_OPTS

To reload the configuration, run sudo systemctl restart cron or just reboot. You can test what exact command a service was started with using systemctl status, e. g. for cron (see last line):

> systemctl status cron
● cron.service - Regular background program processing daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/cron.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since So 2017-08-27 09:56:18 CEST; 1h 15min ago
     Docs: man:cron(8)
 Main PID: 26021 (cron)
   CGroup: /system.slice/cron.service
           └─26021 /usr/sbin/cron -f


async means that when data is written to the drive it is not committed immediately. This causes writes to "bunch up" so you can write them all one at a time. It also means your commands won't have to wait for the write to complete.
Yes, you can add an entry for the drive to /etc/fstab. The line would look something like this:

/dev/sdb1 /media/a/ auto auto,async 0 0

For an explanation of what each field means, please see man fstab.
It's fine as long as you never plug out the disc without unmounting. I know people say you shouldn't do this on Windows either, but with async you really shouldn't do this. You might think that the drive is done writing, but writes can sit in the write queue for a surprisingly long time.


xubuntu 18.04 open/save file dialog, sorting

Click on the column header to sort according to that column. That, provided you are looking in a folder. This will not work when Recent files are listed.

To show folders first, change the setting in your file manager's options. If the option is not exposed there, then you still can change it with the command:

gsettings set org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser sort-directories-first true


help needed understaning ls format meaning

From info ls:

‘-F’
‘--classify’
‘--indicator-style=classify’
     Append a character to each file name indicating the file type.
     Also, for regular files that are executable, append ‘*’.  The file
     type indicators are ‘/’ for directories, ‘@’ for symbolic links,
     ‘|’ for FIFOs, ‘=’ for sockets, ‘>’ for doors, and nothing for
     regular files.  Do not follow symbolic links listed on the command
     line unless the ‘--dereference-command-line’ (‘-H’),
     ‘--dereference’ (‘-L’), or
     ‘--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir’ options are specified.


Ubuntu 20.04 high memory usage when all apps are closed

Some memory may be used to cache some disk space - it'll be freed automatically if needed by programs
do a
free -m
to see real free memory : "available" column
How do I stop Linux from doing this?
You can't disable disk caching. The only reason anyone ever wants to disable disk caching is because they think it takes memory away from their applications, which it doesn't! Disk cache makes applications load faster and run smoother, but it NEVER EVER takes memory away from them! Therefore, there's absolutely no reason to disable it!
If, however, you find yourself needing to clear some RAM quickly to workaround another issue, like a VM misbehaving, you can force linux to nondestructively drop caches using echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches.
see more here : https://www.linuxatemyram.com/


Add aditional HDD to already instaled ubuntu server

Linux has no real notion of drives; it sees one unified filesystem mounted to the root directory (/). An app such as gparted will see drives and partitions, which can be mounted to the existing filesystem somewhere of your choosing.

Partitions, or more precisely, filesystems (which may be the entire drive) can be explicitly mounted to any directory of your choosing that you have permissions to use; to do this, you use the mount command, normally using sudo, since only root can mount filesystems normally.  They can also be mounted automatically by opening it in Nautilus.

The best way to permanently use a disk is to include mounting instructions in the file /etc/fstab.  That is where all the other mounts are, including the root filesystem, the swapdrive, etc.  There is a lot of discussions on how to do this for various situations, and you should search and read some, then perhaps ask questions about specific problems rather than asking for it to be reposted here again.

The end result will look like one big disk, and can be set up in any way you want.  Try experimenting first with the mount command to get it set up, then move on to /etc/fstab to avoid mounting it every time you reboot.


Opening a port to an application accessible outside of localhost?

I can see process index.js listening on port 3000, protocol IPv6 (tcp6) but not listening on protocol IPv4 (tcp).

You will need to check your NodeJS setup and let it listen on IPv4 too.

You can then test that with curl -4 exampleAddress.com:3000


How to check if a ttf file contains a certain character?

hb-shape /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ubuntu-font-family/Ubuntu-R.ttf `echo -ne "\u2007"`

returns:

[space=0+231]

so the character is defined