What are the minimum system requirements for Ubuntu Snappy Core?

According to this article (not offical docs, I can't find any :/ ), the minimum  requirements are:

Processor – 600 MHz processor (ARMv7 or greater, or x86)
System Memory – 128 MB RAM or greater (The system itself uses 40 MB RAM)
Storage – 4GB flash / storage for factory reset and system rollback

I am  not sure if any other specs need to be atleast something, or whether the above is accurate.

Note that ARMv6 and earlier (used on the old Raspberry Pi models etc) is not supported.

x86 is apparently supported, though a image for 15.04 does not seem to be available, though you can get one for 15.10


Where does Nautilus store bookmark names?

They are stored in the ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks file

In older versions of Ubuntu they are stored in the ~/.gtk-bookmarks file.

The format is:

file:///path/to/folder Bookmark_name

You can also specify other location protocols such as SFTP, FTP, or SMB:

sftp://username@hostname/path/to/folder Bookmark_name


Postconf errors (valid_hostname) after install mail-utils

It appears that your system hostname is set to a number, not a name.  Read /etc/hostname to check.

Depending on how postfix is configured, it may be getting this from your /etc/hostname.  Try updating this with the command

sudo hostname <newhostname>

If this fixes the problem you'll need to make it permanent by editing it in /etc/hostname which contains only the hostname and /etc/hosts if you have a reference to it somewhere in that file.

Or, check your postfix configuration in /etc/postfix/main.cf to see if you have overridden anything there which may cause this issue.


How can I get rid of of Wine's Steam icon in the Dash?

Browse to /usr/share/applications, find file called "Steam" and delete it.
If it is not there look for it under ~/.local/share/applications/ (~ means your home folder).


Separate icons for Chromium and Hangouts in Unity (Ubuntu 16.04)

If you use the extension (not the separate app), you can add the icon by yourself.
So in terminal copy this command:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/chrome-hangouts.desktop

And now paste this code and change the values with whatever your extension id is:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Name=Hangouts
Exec=/opt/google/chrome/google-chrome --profile-directory=Default --app-id=*extension_id*
Icon=*use_your_icon_path_here*
StartupWMClass=crx_*extension_id*

You can find your extension id by going to Tools>Extensions and from
here.
And this is the end result.

Edit:
The guide was for Chrome (since that's the one I use on my machine). For chromium I guess you just need to change the Exec=/opt/google/chrome/google-chrome into Exec=/usr/bin/chromium-browser --profile-directory=Default --app-id=*extension_id*
 for chromium (use another .desktop entry from the same path).
And the extension id is usually the same, but sometimes they update it and change it, the reason why just copy/pasting earlier answers wouldn't work.


You may also need to grab Curl if it’s not already installed.

to install, use this command:
sudo apt-get install curl

Once you have fully downloaded the .zip you need to extract it, and move the files inside to your home folder (/home/USERNAME).

You may have completed the following, if not then keep reading.

That’s all that's needed to install the Conky theme. But you'll need to edit the weather location to match that of your own:

Go to weather.yahoo.com
Search for your location in the weather search box (underneath forecast)
Copy the numerical string in the URL
Open .conkyrc in your Home folder
Find the number: ‘2294941’
Replace it with the numerical string you copied from the Yahoo! Weather URL Save

Source


How can I get a panel allways centered in xfce4?

Right-click the panel, in the context-menu choose Panel > Panel Preferences

In the now open Panel Preferences-window uncheck the box Lock panel. The panel is unlocked now and two handles are added to it. Left-click on one of the handles and move the panel to the center (keep left mouse button pressed). Move slowly, you should feel the panel snapping to center position if you are near to the center. Release the mouse button when the panel is in the desired position.

Leave the panel there and lock the panel (check the box Lock panel in the Panel Preferences-window). The panel-handles disappear and the panel is locked at center position, you can close the Panel Preferences-window now .


Why don't my Fn keys work for brightness or media after upgrading?

I discovered that running gnome-settings-daemon fixes this issue (and gives me a functional battery status indicator again), so I added it to my startup commands.


After upgrading from 12.04 to 14.04 samba has big issues

I have the issue too with the latest UBUNTU 14.04.

Each time the samba share was broken, I have to manually reimport the users by using smbpasswd  -a.

Why this issue was not solved till now during the long alpha/beta testing?


PlayOnLinux cannot find Wine (though it is installed with POL)

The original poster, PDiracDelta, provided their solution in a comment:

  Actually, I've found the solution: apparently it takes several seconds to populate the list of available Wine versions, with no warning that POL is still populating the list. I seem to have closed it too early each time. But thanks anyway!


The Sound Blaster X-Fi HD USB works out of the box with Ubuntu 11.04.


iptables/ufw: Block specific host access to internet based on time

Thanks for your help! It all got me to where I was hoping, which was an outcome.

In the end what worked is adding the below to before.rules for each host that I wanted to limit internet hours to:

# time restrictions for kids devices

-I FORWARD -o enp5s0 -s 192.168.1.211 -m time --timestart 10:30 --timestop 21:00 -j DROP


vim colorschemes don't appear correct when using sudoedit

The difference in your screenshots is due to Vim using a different filetype for the two files being edited. The reason for this is most likely the name of the temporary file that sudoedit creates when editing.

When comparing syntax highlighting differences between two Vim instances, the first thing to look for is the filetype variable that Vim sets automatically. You can check what the current filetype is by executing

:set filetype?

in Vim. You can also refer to the setting as ft for short. Vim should show a result on the status line, such as

  filetype=sh

Vim has a large script of heuristics for setting the filetype automatically based on the file name, or sometimes on the file contents. If the name of the file is /etc/profile, for example, Vim sets the filetype to sh automatically.

When you use sudoedit to edit /etc/profile, a temporary file is made, as shown in your ps listing. Since the name of this file doesn't match any of Vim's scripted rules, it attempts to set the filetype based on the content. Based on the screenshot, I would guess that Vim has set the filetype to conf, meaning a generic config file.

Possible Solutions

Manual

There are a couple of ways to deal with this. First, you can set filetype manually every time you edit a file. To force sh syntax to be used, execute

:set filetype=sh

The syntax highlighting rules should be reloaded and applied immediately.

Syntax Hints

Another way is to add a hint to Vim in the content of files that you frequently edit that a particular filetype should be set. For example, if the first line of a file is #!/bin/sh, Vim will use the appropriate syntax regardless of what the file's name is. Note that this makes /etc/profile look like an executable shell script even though it is not, so you may or may not want to do something like this on your system.

Vim Modelines

A third way is to force Vim to set the filetype variable by using what Vim calls "modelines". See :help modeline for more information. This involves adding a comment to your file that contains a string that Vim can parse for commands. Back to your example with /etc/profile, adding a comment like

# vim: set filetype=sh

would instruct Vim to set the filetype properly when the file is edited regardless of its name.


How can I turn down the sensitivity of my volume slider

This answer for How can I make the volume change in smaller increments? answers it, and I've used it to good effect on my HP 6710b.

Run gconf-editor (Applications > System Tools > Configuration editor in Ubuntu 10.10)
Navigate to /apps/gnome_settings_daemon
Change the volume_step value. Mine was originally 6, 2 works better for me.


Turns out the upgrade to Natty had removed the compose package, and I didn't know this. Fixed it by reinstalling compose :)!

óĺá!


Accidentally deleted the Contest folder inside /usr/share/backgrounds

Here you are:

<background>
  <starttime>
    <year>2009</year>
    <month>08</month>
    <day>04</day>
    <hour>00</hour>
    <minute>00</minute>
    <second>00</second>
  </starttime>
<!-- This animation will start at midnight. -->
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/Twilight_Frost_by_Phil_Jackson.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/Twilight_Frost_by_Phil_Jackson.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/Precise_Pangolin_by_Vlad_Gerasimov.jpg</to>
  </transition>
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/Precise_Pangolin_by_Vlad_Gerasimov.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/Precise_Pangolin_by_Vlad_Gerasimov.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/The_Forbidden_City_by_Daniel_Mathis.jpg</to>
  </transition>
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/The_Forbidden_City_by_Daniel_Mathis.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/The_Forbidden_City_by_Daniel_Mathis.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/Winter_Morning_by_Shannon_Lucas.jpg</to>
  </transition>
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/Winter_Morning_by_Shannon_Lucas.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/Winter_Morning_by_Shannon_Lucas.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/Morning_Dew_by_Lars_Clausen.jpg</to>
  </transition>
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/Morning_Dew_by_Lars_Clausen.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/Morning_Dew_by_Lars_Clausen.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/Early_Blossom_by_Dh0r.jpg</to>
  </transition>
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/Early_Blossom_by_Dh0r.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/Early_Blossom_by_Dh0r.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/Delicate_Petals_by_lefthandgergo.jpg</to>
  </transition>
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/Delicate_Petals_by_lefthandgergo.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/Delicate_Petals_by_lefthandgergo.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/Golden_Bloom_by_Twinmama.jpg</to>
  </transition>
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/Golden_Bloom_by_Twinmama.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/Golden_Bloom_by_Twinmama.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/Tie_My_Boat_by_Ray_García.jpg</to>
  </transition>
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/Tie_My_Boat_by_Ray_García.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/Tie_My_Boat_by_Ray_García.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/Murales_by_Jan_Bencini.jpg</to>
  </transition>
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/Murales_by_Jan_Bencini.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/Murales_by_Jan_Bencini.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/Flocking_by_noombox.jpg</to>
  </transition>
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/Flocking_by_noombox.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/Flocking_by_noombox.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/London_Eye_From_Beneath_by_Fernando_García.jpg</to>
  </transition>
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/background/London_Eye_From_Beneath_by_Fernando_García.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/background/London_Eye_From_Beneath_by_Fernando_García.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/Floorboards_by_Dawid_Huczyński.jpg</to>
  </transition>
   <static>
     <duration>1795.0</duration>
     <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/Floorboards_by_Dawid_Huczyński.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/Floorboards_by_Dawid_Huczyński.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/Speaker_Weave_by_Phil_Jackson.jpg</to>
  </transition>
  <static>
    <duration>1795.0</duration>
    <file>/usr/share/backgrounds/Speaker_Weave_by_Phil_Jackson.jpg</file>
  </static>
  <transition>
    <duration>5.0</duration>
    <from>/usr/share/backgrounds/Speaker_Weave_by_Phil_Jackson.jpg</from>
    <to>/usr/share/backgrounds/Twilight_Frost_by_Phil_Jackson.jpg</to>
  </transition>
</background>


Is it Possible to Make a USB With Multiple Full Linux Distros Installed?

What worked for me:

Created GPT partition table on 32GB flash drive.

Made five ext4 partitions.

Booted Live drive inserted 32GB target drive.

At partitioning selected "Something else".

Chose  sdc1 for /.

Installed grub to root of the 32GB drive.

I did this several more times with sdc2, sd3, and different versions of 'Buntu.

After the last install I booted the flash drive and did an update-grub.

Everything seems to work ok for me, what a good idea for a multibooter!


Connecting to other LAN computers using their names

Ubuntu comes with the Avahi implementation of mDNS service discovery (also known under Apple's trademarked name Bonjour), which advertises your hostname over the local network under the .local domain.  The standard hostname resolver will also do mDNS lookups.

So if you set the hostname of one of your computers to foo, you should be able to ping it from another machine on the local network with:

ping foo.local

You should be able to use these .local names with most software on Ubuntu.


Swap on SSD - will it decrease life sizeably?

I do not swap on ssd to avoid reduction of the life cycle, but I also have 16 GB RAM.
Depending on your system ram is very cheap (8gb ddr3 30€). This would be the only good solution.
You can try to turn off swapping, but this can decrease the performance of your system. You can install lubuntu-desktop and switch to lxde to safe ram


How to confirm sun java 6's license agreement automatically?

Create a file containing this line (columns separated by a tab):

sun-java6-bin   shared/accepted-sun-dlj-v1-1    boolean     true

Import this into debconf with sudo debconf-set-selections < file.
Install the packages


How can I make a permanently updated copy of a file in a different place to the original file?

Many options come to mind but here are two.

1) Work directly from files on the actual network share. (I personally would use NFS on the nix machine and tell the coding app on the Win7 machine to open / save all the working files on that mapped drive)

2) Dropbox or equivalent tool/service which synchronises folders on multiple computers in real-time. Technology is built-in to use your LAN as well so you're not constantly uploading downloading over the WAN.


What's the best way to update the linux kernel if I have no internet connection?

You can donwload the package linux-generic or linux-server from http://packages.ubuntu.com, copy it on your traget system and install it via SoftwareCenter or in shell using dpkg -i PACKAGENAME.deb. That should do it for the most part. Unless you need additional

Dependencies

As for dependencies: Software Center / dpkg will tell you if any dependencies are not met. Worst case is, you'll have to download them all manually and install them. If we're talking about just one or two packages, I'd do so.

I have not much experience about auto-installing dependencies. You can try one of the following and see if it works:

Warning: Stuff gets increasingly riskier further down the list!

dpkg -i PACKAGENAME.deb then apt-get -f install. The former installs the package no matter what, the latter fixes broken dependencies.
Try to install it with gdebi
See if this howto helps
You could try the daly build kerne-ppa:

apt-add repository ppa:kernel-ppa/ppa
apt-get update
apt-get install PACKAGENAME

Enable natty repositories in synaptic for a short while (do not run update-manager, while enabled).

Sorry, I can't be of more help. When I tried it back in the days, I just had to install the one package. Maybe this also helps: How do I add the kernel PPA?


Searching: I don't know how to perform a regex search over source package names using apt on the target machine, but one can perform a regex search over source package names by selecting "Source package names" under "Search package directories" at http://packages.ubuntu.com

Listing: Once you know the source package name 'foo', apt-cache showsrc foo shows the source package records for foo.


When I try to install Ubuntu on my mac, the option to install alongside mac osx does not appear

To install manually alongside mac OS, first reduce the size of your hard disk partition in mac OS. Then start the installation, choose install manually and create two partitions. One big one type ext4, mount point / and a swap partition the size of your RAM or a bit more (4Gb?).

That should do the trick. The / partition is called the root partition and should contain all your Ubuntu system and your home folder as well.

Since this is your first such operation it is strongly recommended to do a backup of your important data on the drive just in case you mess things up.


You can't start an application if it's not executable.

To make it executable use the following command. For example, if I had a file "mycoolapp" in my Desktop folder, I would type this:

sudo chmod +x ~/Desktop/mycoolapp

and so you don't have to be root to run the app you need to gain ownership over the file

use the chown command to regain ownership of the file

sudo chown -R roger:roger ~/

This command will give you ownership over every file in /home/roger/

Also, to start Nautilus with root permissions you have to use sudo or gksud

sudo nautilus

or

gksudo nautilus

From there you can right-click on the offending file and select properties and then permissions. If you need to make the file executable to run it as a program, make sure the file is check marked as executable.


MySQL server not accessible from remote machine

Your MySQL service is bound to serve localhost only (interface binding). This is the default for security reasons. If you really need to access it directly from other hosts, there is a nice How to enable remote access to MySQL on Ubuntu which you could follow:

as root, open your /etc/mysql/my.cnf or /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf  with your favorite editor, as on different systems it is found to be different.
look for the [mysqld] section, and in there for the bind-address keyword. This usually is set to 127.0.0.1 -- change that to match your "normal" IP-address
save the file, and reload the service (e.g. using service mysql restart)

Remember you must enable your remote users to access their database(s) from remote, by setting the appropriate GRANTs -- e.g.

GRANT ALL ON mydb.* TO remoteuser@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'SomePASSWORD';

Note the @'%', which means "from any host".


Try upgrading from the Ubuntu 12.04 CD instead. When you select the install option it should ask you if you want to upgrade the existing Ubuntu system.


What site can I use to generate a custom sources.list?


What is the easiest way to back-up and archive DVD's to another DVD?

Brasero can do the trick. Just copy from one DVD to another of the same size. Or were you thinking something more complex?
If you are I'll add more applications (leave a comment).


How to delete or replace an already created symbolic link?

ln has -f switch that 'forces' a symlink to be created whether it exists or not.

sudo ln -sf /home/vinaychalluru/ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34/ns /usr/bin/ns


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS - Toshiba touchpad not working

Had problem with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and Toshiba Satellite L50 B. Lost 2 days and accidentally found a solution.

Reinstalling OS(Ubuntu) does not help !!!

Problem cause:

First I pressed Fn+F4 - go to sleep mode.
After that I accidentaly pressed Fn+F5 - disable touchpad, can happen easily because F4 and F5 are next to each other (thanks Toshiba :))

When I go to normal mode and press Fn+F5, touchpad remains disabled !!!!

So a fix is:

Press Fn+F4 - go to sleep mode
Press Fn+F5 - enable touchpad
Press Power button - go to normal mode

Good luck!


I need to change the Read Only in gedit to Read/Write

To edit configuration files, I would always use in your place a text-based editor:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub


You can use the "variable" $RANDOM which is actually an internal Bash function (not a constant) that returns a pseudorandom integer in the range 0..32767. To convert this number to an integer in the range 0..2, you can multiply it by 3 and (integer) divide by 32768 (=32767+1).
# Set a string that will contain your characters:
str='pat'

# Calculate the number of characters in the string:
strlen=${#str}

# Get a random integer in the range 0..2 (0..strlen-1):
let r=RANDOM*strlen/32768

# Get one random character from the strlen-character string (str):
echo ${str:r:1}

Or you can use the shuf command like this:
shuf -e -n1 'p' 'a' 't'


I reinstalled my ubuntu again. And this time I did not install mesa-utils. (for showing my intel GPU name in system details)
After that I installed bumblebee to support optimus technology. And now I can run "optirun" fine and my ubuntu starts normally.

I am going to update packages. If the problem appear again I will enable this question again.

Thanks


How to view hostname locally, works external

2 options:

Check on the musicserver with ifconfig that its ip address is indeed 192.168.0.191 and remove the 127.* entries of the music server from the hosts file. This will keep dns lookup and traffic local. Make sure your router always assigns this ip-address to the music server.
Remove all hosts entries for the music server. DNS lookup will then likely go out to the Internet, but your router will notice that the traffic is internal anyway.


Can't pass PCI scans for vulnerability compliance SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS

This sounds like a false-positive.
If you are running the latest OpenSSL package on 12.04, then you should not be affected.

According to this update released a few days ago, the OpenSSL package is not affected and Nginx is not listed as an affected package as far as this CVE is concerned.

I would recommend going through the list in the link provided above and see if there are any packages installed on the system which might be affected by this vulnerability.

The latest release in the repository for OpenSSL is 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.7 and should already have counter-measures in place for this vulnerability as this was patched upstream by Debian some time ago. See  Launchpad for more details.

If none of these packages are on your system, I would question the validity of the software that alerted you (Does it have all of the latest CVE signatures?, etc) and check your system again with another scanner if at all possible.


Get remote desktop on remote headless server

You will need an external rdp client, else there IS no display that can be recognize

Also, you must tell xrdp to use GNOME and allow non root login (if desired). No matter the desktop, the first command is needed for non root user login

sudo sed -i 's/allowed_users=console/allowed_users=anybody/' /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config

echo "gnome-session" > ~/.xsession

The last command will be done with every user that needs to login via RDP

My advice, though, is use cinnamon, XFCE, or MATE. GNOME has issue with xrdp.

For cinnamon

sudo apt install cinnamon xrdp

echo "cinnamon-session" > ~/.xsession

For mate:

sudo apt install ubuntu-mate-desktop xrdp

echo "mate-session" > ~/.xsession

For XFCE:

sudo apt install xfce4 lightdm xrdp

echo "startxfce4" > ~/.xsession

Please also note you need a display manager (DM), which the server doesn't come with. Some desktops come with one, else I recommend lightdm

I also do not recommend VNC; it has performance and security issue. I usually tunnel rdp over ssh for security


How to eliminate the delay in NTP synchronization?

I assume you use ntpq, which gives delay in milliseconds. 0.170 in the delay column of ntpq -p means a delay of 0.170ms, not 0.170 seconds.

0.170ms is a reasonable delay over a switched ethernet. 170ms does not make a lot of sense.

Explanation of the output is given in the ntpq documentation:

  peers
  Obtains a current list peers of the server, along with a summary of each peer's state. Summary information includes the address of the remote peer, the reference ID (0.0.0.0 if this is unknown), the stratum of the remote peer, the type of the peer (local, unicast, multicast or broadcast), when the last packet was received, the polling interval, in seconds, the reachability register, in octal, and the current estimated delay, offset and dispersion of the peer, all in milliseconds. The character at the left margin of each line shows the synchronization status of the association and is a valuable diagnostic tool. The encoding and meaning of this character, called the tally code, is given later in this page.

My formatting.


su asks for the root password. Since Ubuntu doesn't set a root password by default, you can't use it to become root.

Instead, to become root, use sudo -i with your personal password.


External HDMI monitor detected but no signal

I had the same problem. The monitor would sometimes be detected but would receive no signal or in other cases wouldn't even be detected. I did the following things and this fixed it for me:

Change the bios mode to legacy and turn off secure boot. (Changing the bios mode made it so that the monitor would or wouldn't be detected. No idea why)
Update all packages. (sudo apt update/upgrade)
Changed the 'Additional Drivers'. I changed it to something that was not from NVIDIA. I noticed that depending on the bios mode, it uses a different setting for 'Graphics' (Settings>About).
Rebooting lots of times and changing the bios mode to see if the monitor got a signal.

I know this isn't a great or even decent answer but this seemed to fix it for me. I hope it fixes things for you as well.


What version of ubuntu can I install and use in the current situation when 11.04 even not installable ("monitor out of range")?

10.04 is probably your best bet - it's a long time support release and , as such, it is usually more stable than the latest ones.


Desktop install: Separate home partition (LVM on LUKS) without using terminal

I don't think GUI installer supports that. But you can still do it without terminal just in more steps.

First install with these default settings.

Then resize your LVM Logical volume containing root file system. This step has to be done from live CD. KVPM can be installed on Ubuntu 16.04 live cd or alternatively you can use KDE Partition Manager 3.0. Here I'll focus on KDE Partition Manager since I'm more familiar with it because I'm it's maintainer and main developer. Probably the easiest way for you to obatain it is to download Neon Live CD. Boot it.

Then go to Menu->Applications->System->Software Center (Discover) and search for Partition Manager and then install KDE Partition Manager. Then click launch.

In KDE Partition Manager you will see your encrypted LUKS partition. Right click on it and click decrypt. Enter your passprase to open the volume. Then rescan your disks (either from menu or F5). Now you should be able to see new device corresponding to LVM volume group. Click on it. There you'll see your root file system. Resize it to free up space for your home partition. Create a new partition for your home in the freed space (you can leave it as default ext4). Now you need to mount both your root file system and home file system. One way to do it is open dolphin and on your left panel you should be able to see those devices. Or from system tray device notifier... Once you have mounted both partitions, move the contents of your home folder into the newly created home partition. Make sure you don't create extra home folder in that partition, it should be the contents of home folder.

You need to add that new home partition to fstab file but your normal user does not have permissions to do that. One way to avoid terminal is go to Software center again, install Krusader, then go to Menu->Applications->System->Krusader (root mode). Find fstab file you want to edit in your mounted rootfs/etc/. By the way, krusader can also be used in the previous step to copy your home folder to new partition.

Instruction how to edit fstab are https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Fstab but basically you can copy entry for your rootfs, change the path at the beginning to point to your home lvm lv (you can see that path in KDE Partition Manager) and change the number at the end from 1 to 2.


This is a failure in your understanding how DNS works, combined with the fact that .onion isn't a valid TLD in public DNS.  Let me give you a crash-course in CNAME resolution, as well as a solution for you to try to 'alias' this on your side of things.

DNS CNAME Resolution

DNS CNAME records are called aliases.  They act as a pointer saying "This domain is an alias for this other domain, resolve that domain and go to that destination."

If I have a domain example1.com with an A record of 1.2.3.4 which is my actual server, and example2.com set as a CNAME of example1.com, then when I go to example2.com DNS will see that the DNS records for example2.com for A record resolution depend on the record of example1.com.  This works in NORMAL DNS because it's publicly addressed and able to be looked up.

The CNAME destination isn't really "shared" as the DNS lookup result for a DNS lookup that is being done, only the resulting A/AAAA record is cared about and since there can't be one for .onion it fails to DNS properly, and fails.  Explanation below.

Why ONION Resolution Fails

CNAME records are NOT the same as Tor ONION addresses.  When you look up a CNAME record against a .onion address in standard DNS, it hard-fails.  This is because in public DNS, .onion isn't addressable and isn't a valid TLD.

CNAME records also do not 'resolve' to the alias address in the format of a 'redirect' like you think - the CNAME will only properly resolve if the destination of the CNAME pointer actually can return a public DNS record.  Because it's a .onion it never will so it either NXDOMAINs or SERVFAILs on the lookups.

This is why you get the error you're getting.

How can I get this to work then?

By 'cheating' and configuring your SSH config a bit.

Try adding this section to your ~/.ssh/config file (create the file if it doesn't exist):

Host mydomain.com
    Hostname myaddress.onion

Then try to SSH again to mydomain.com.  It should repoint this to your .onion address behind the scenes.

However, DO NOT rely on DNS to point domains to .onion addresses - they don't work in public DNS for domains.


How to access localhost remotely - Wordpress?

Change the port of LAMP server or of your router to get rid of this conflict

To change the management port of your LAMP server check this


Getting values from variables - bash script

Bash doesn't support that kind of syntax directly. You could use 'eval', however with modern versions of 'bash' the cleanest way imho is via an array

input=( "/tmp/dir1" "/tmp/dir2" "/tmp/dir3" )

for i in {0,1,2}; do echo "${input[i]}"; done

(note that bash arrays are zero-indexed); or to list all elements you can use

for i in "${input[@]}"; do echo "$i"; done


As the author of the site states;

  I wrote this page when Ubuntu 10.10 was current. Since then, Ubuntu
  11.04 has been released with improved support for installing directly to EFI-based computers.

This has also changed considerably since 11.04 and newer hardware has been released. I recommend you have a good read through the documentation found on this MactelSupport documentation page.

Follow the steps outlined there and report back with any issues.


Use abcde to produce high quality flac and mp3 output with album art under Xenial?

The version of abcde under Xenial is quite capable but some extra applications are needed as well as abcde itself:

sudo apt-get install abcde lame eyed3 glyrc imagemagick cdparanoia flac

Now to create great quality mp3s and flacs at the same time (with album art also downloaded) the following simple commandline is required:

abcde -o 'flac:-8,mp3:-b 320' -G

abcde will ask you a few questions and then you can sit back while your CD is converted into 2 of the most popular audio formats today :).

Full disclosure: I was formerly one of the maintainers of abcde.


Is the a way to make hp-scan or scanimage to automatically select de right area to scan?

I am also using X*Y coordinates when using scanimage. For your use case, I would have used the following command:

scanimage --progress  --format tiff --mode Color --resolution 300 -l 0mm -t 0mm -x 85mm -y 58mm | convert - -resize 50% -quality 75 teste.jpg


Bash script to pull all interface MAC address

As xhienne mentioned, it is sufficient to use ip link with a few filtering techniques. Personally, I use awk.

$ ip -o link  | awk '{print $2,$(NF-2)}'
lo: 00:00:00:00:00:00
eth3: f0:76:1c:8c:6d:f7
wlan7: d0:53:49:3d:53:fd
docker0: 02:42:bc:cd:0b:4d

If so desired , it can be also done with any other language, for example python:

$ cat get_iface_mac.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function
import netifaces as ni
for iface in ni.interfaces():
     print(iface + " " + ni.ifaddresses(iface)[ni.AF_LINK][0]['addr'])

$ ./get_iface_mac.py
lo 00:00:00:00:00:00
eth3 f0:76:1c:8c:6d:f7
wlan7 d0:53:49:3d:53:fd
docker0 02:42:bc:cd:0b:4d


Error when installing RTL8188CUS wireless driver from sh: "/lib/modules/3.5.0-27-generic/build: No such file or directory"

You probably need to install the headers

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)


The Music folder in a fresh Ubuntu installation is configured as a special user folder, an XDG user dir. You can see that from the music emblem on the folder icon. After your action, i.e., deleting the folder, and replace it with a symbolic link, the link will not have that status anymore: the folder icon of your link will not have the music emblem.

You can return the special status to your link by editing your user configuration file ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs. After that, it will acquire the music emblem on the folder.

Whether there will be problems actually depends on the applications you want to use and how they are configured. If you use other apps, and you do not want them to interfere in the folder where your Music symbolic link refers to, then it is probably wise to use another name for the link to your ~/NextCloud/Music folder, and leave another Music folder in place as the XDG folder. Alternatively, you will need to configure the other app to look elsewhere, if the app allows that.


Where can I find out when the next kernel version will be released for my distro version?

Kernel version X.YY do not change by default for installed Ubuntu
Except for LTS HWE installations. (See below)
No one knows which future version of Ubuntu will get which future version of the kernel
Short Term Supported versions of Ubuntu
Short term support versions of Ubuntu such as 18.10 are supported only for 9 months after the day of their release. They don't get any new kernel version. For example, Ubuntu 18.10 was released with kernel 4.18 and it will remain at that level till its end of life.
Security and (some) bug fixes are backported from newer kernels to the supported kernel. That is, as long as Ubuntu 18.10 is supported it will continue to get updates for kernel 4.18 which will incorporate some of the benefits of newer kernels.
Long Term Supported (LTS) versions of Ubuntu
LTS versions of Ubuntu such as 18.04 are supported for 5 years minimum. The version of the kernel it came with will be updated with security fixes for that time. For example, Ubuntu 18.04 started out with kernel 4.15. If you installed Ubuntu 18.04 when it was released, then by default it will remain at kernel 4.15.
The main purpose of making newer versions of kernel available for the LTS version of Ubuntu is to support new hardware that comes out after the initial release of the LTS version of Ubuntu. When Ubuntu 18.04.2 was released earlier this month the new ISO came with kernel 4.18, the same kernel Ubuntu 18.10 comes with. There were no kernel 4.16, or 4.17 for Ubuntu 18.04.2.
Almost all the features of the existing installations of Ubuntu 18.04 and 18.04.1 were updated to 18.04.2 earlier this month except the new kernel 4.18 and drivers that support newer graphics cards. There is a way to update existing installation of Ubuntu 18.04 to kernel 4.18. This is described here.
LTS HWE Exception
Those who installed Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS directly from the ISO image or enabled HWE manually in 18.04 or 18.04.1 installations will continue to get kernel updates associated with 18.04.3, 18.04.4, 18.04.5, and 18.04.6 as they are released.
Your 3rd link has all the information for the future
Look for a graph titled 18.04.x Ubuntu Kernel Support Schedule. You may have to zoom in to see the dates. Ubuntu 18.04.x LTS will not get all the kernels that will  be released. In particular it will only get the kernels that will be built for various "Short Term Releases".
In August of 2019, Ubuntu 18.04.3 will be released. It will get the same kernel Ubuntu 19.04 gets when it released in April of 2019. The exact kernel version is not decided yet. It will depend on the stable kernel at the time of Ubuntu 19.04 development kernel freeze on April 1, 2019. Around April 1, the Ubuntu development team will decide based on which stable kernel versions are available and how much work needs to be done to customize that version for Ubuntu, the actual kernel version that will go into Ubuntu 19.04. This decision will in turn determine the kernel version number for Ubuntu 18.04.3 that will be released in August, 2019. The next version of the kernel used in Ubuntu may be 4.19, 4.20, 5.0, 5.1, or 5.2 or higher. Watch out for an announcement from Canonical on or around April 1, 2019.
Based on the kernel of Ubuntu 19.04, the Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS has kernel 5.0
This is why the graph shows vTBD in place of kernel version.
Hope this helps


How do I repair Ubuntu 18.04 after login loop issue?

Ok. So after waiting to find some answers from here and trying to figure it out from the internet, I reinstalled windows in it. Thanks for letting me post here.

Goodbye.

Imran


Why does mounted drive show a "prohibited" sign?

Easy, just ask somebody and you'll figure it out yourself! :-D

Just omit the x-gvfs-icon and x-gvfs-symbolic-icon from the mount options and you will get a sensible default.

Edit:
Here are the mount options from gnome-disks with the Icon Name and Symbolic Icon Name options. I guess you could do some cool tweaks with these if you wanted to :-)


I had that recently too. I needed to install the NVIDIA graphics driver to fix that (and a whole lot of other problems).


Compiz issues on Intel Integrated Graphics Chips

EDIT: I have edited my /etc/default/grub to have the line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi="

Where previously was: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

I have also gone into gconf-editor in Desktop>Gnome>Applications>Window_manager and removed the current and default window manager entries entirely (not just change values).

THEN, compiz --replace works, if I set it to load at boot. What a pain.


Authentication token manipulation error when I try to change password

I found the solution.

Open the terminal. Type passwd. Type in new password.


How to install MS Combat Flight Simulator 2 in 12.04

You should be able to run it with wine.
Just install wine with the following and then install/run the program like you normally would:

  sudo apt-get install wine

See this page for more info on wine and MS Combat Flight Simulator 2


update-grub ignoring some options in /etc/default/grub

Grub checks GRUB_OS_PROBER_SKIP_LIST against EXPUUID not UUID, so the
proper format for GRUB_OS_PROBER_SKIP_LIST is UUID@/dev/???? for example:

GRUB_OS_PROBER_SKIP_LIST="A3F5-6DF3@/dev/sda1"


At this time Samba 3 and Samba 4 are mostly complementary. Samba 3 is a mature file server, etc., and Active Directory domain member. Samba 4 is the first version of Samba that can act as an Active Directory domain controller. Just want to share files? Install Samba 3. Want to run a DC? Install Samba 4.

Ref: the recent release announcement of Samba 4.0: https://lists.samba.org/archive/samba-technical/2012-December/089397.html

Ref: https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Samba_AD_DC_HOWTO


Finally, I found out that I can get the source apt-get source and debuild. And by that, I learned the slapd in debian package has all the options enabled.


You can boost your preformance on the machine with the Nvidia chip by enabling VDPAU, which offloads some of the video rendering to your GPU instead of the CPU.

Install the package libvdpau1 and try using Mplayer to play your video. You'll need to have recent proprietary Nvidia drivers too.


How do I interact with a script started by rc.local?

What you want to do is use screen. It allows spawning a process inside its session and detaching from it. Essentially , your question is similar to this.

The 3 steps that you want to do:

The line below has to go into your /etc/rc.local. Add & sign at the end of it ( important !)

screen -S MyMinecraftServer -d -m  java -jar ./SOMEFILES/CLEANUP/minecraft_server.1.8.8.jar nogui

This is what you'd do from command-line to find your session:

screen -ls

Example output:

There is a screen on:
    1720.MyMinecraftServer  (2017年01月12日 13时54分36秒) (Detached)
1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-xieerqi.

And this is how you attach to it:

screen -x 1720.MyMinecraftServer

NOTE: starting minecraft server from /etc/rc.local can be a potential security hole. Consider using su username -c '<screen command here>' & to run the server as a different user. See also :  https://serverfault.com/a/422952/363611


16.04 on EC2 with nomachine server, screen res stuck at 800 x 600

I was not able to solve this problem. It's a limitation of EC2 and the free NX server. Instead I tried some different remote servers, and decided that tigervnc is the best. Only v1.7 (currently in beta) has debian packages. The project has .deb build scripts but apparently not for stable releases, which is perhaps why it is not packages in repositories. It works well, it's an active project and it's the best VNC server I tried. The performance is much better than I expected; having the EC2 machine is the same country as me may help (latency rather than bandwidth may be the more important part of a decent VNC connection).

I found this link very helpful:
http://www.hiroom2.com/2016/05/24/ubuntu-16-04-remote-connect-to-gnome-classic-desktop-with-vnc-xrdp/

Out of the box, xfce supports a range of different screen resolutions (as soon as I changed to tigervnc). I am not using the official tigervnc client, I'm using Jump, a mac client. It works really well: good performance, easy to change desktop size.


How can I make a shortcut key to disable the mouse pad?

If you are using Synaptics Touchpad, you can toggle the touchpad on and off by using synclient. To turn the pad off, run synclient TouchpadOff=1, and to turn it back on use synclient TouchpadOff=0.

You can set up keyboard shortcuts by System > Preferences > Keyboard Shortcuts.

If you're not sure if you are using Synaptics Touchpad, run xinput list, and one of the entries will mention Synaptics if you are.


BIOS not detecting boot files for 14.04LTS single OS installation

It should be booting OK now. My suspicion is that you've got a buggy firmware that refuses to boot anything but Microsoft's EFI boot loader. The workaround to this is to rename your boot loader to use either the default filename (EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi) or the name used by Microsoft's boot loader (EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi). You can rename either GRUB or rEFInd to one of these names, since you've got them both installed. The rEFInd documentation covers this in more detail here:

http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#naming

You can do the same thing from the "Advanced" menu in Boot Repair; however, that tool is reporting problems with the version of GRUB, which makes me a bit wary of continuing to use it -- it could be you're running into a bug that could end up preventing it from doing what it should, and that might even make matters worse.


When encountering similar situations, try setting the default locale as en_US, in your case with the command is ls -l, you would run:

LC_ALL=en_US.utf8 ls -l

It will produce all output in en_US so there will be no confusion.

-rw-rw-r-- 1 ravexina ravexina  79 Sep 20 2016 test.txt

You can change it using:

localectl set-locale LC_ALL=en_US.utf8

or only for date:

localectl set-locale LC_TIME=en_US.utf8

then logout and login again, if it did not take effect, reboot your system.


How can I properly see lyrics in DeaDBeef?

The latest DeaDBeef 0.5.5 doesn't seem to have this problem - the empty space disappears and the player looks fine with lyrics: but only as long as the File Browser plugin (or maybe some other plugin) is not used. Similar problems with other plugins are very possible.
The cause of this is explained by the author of infobar (here) as follows:

"Unfortunatelly, deadbeef doesn't provide API which allows to integrate third-party UI plugins into its interface (situation gonna be changed with release of version 0.6.0). In this situation infobar and filebrowser plugins use hacks to integrate themselves into deadbeef's interface and can't work together."

In v. 0.5.6 the Filebrowser and the gtk2 version of Infobar have the same incompatibility. But there is a gtk3 version of Infobar, and Deadbeef v. 0.5.6 has a gtk2-gtk3 GUI switch.

 Installing Infobar gtk3 and the File-browser, which is gtk 2, will result in using the two plugins alternatively: in the gtk2 GUI of Deadbeef only the file-browser will be visible, in the gtk3 GUI, only the Infobar. Switching between GUIs will switch between plugins too.

When lyrics are not found by Deadbeef/Infobar, use Foobar in wine and install the lyrics grabber addon.

But usually would not need that (the difference with Foobar is that it embeds the lyrics into the file: Deadbeef displays them from internet)


How to make Ubuntu open the exact same state after restarting?

That is depending on what you really want:

If you want to save your session you should hibernate instead of restarting.

If you want to restart you should add your program to startup application.

You can also make a shell script to start your programs.


on my asus netbook [lubuntu], I need to "enable wifi" or the same with Ethernet. Once I did that, Lubuntu is recognizing both types of network. Then, it will show the wireless networks that are available.
Check it on the right of the desktop, downside.


How can I get and install the asa utility on ubuntu 14.04?

According to this bug, you won't get it in the repositories anymore, you will have to download it from source and recompile.
You can download the tarball from here(the asa-1.1.tar.gz file). And then extract the file by right-clicking on the tarball and clicking on "Extract here".
Now you need to modify the Makefile since the MANDIR variable in the file is incorrect as of a debian system. Open the file using your favourite editor and go to line no 4 which reads as:
MANDIR = /usr/man/man1

and correct it to:
MANDIR = /usr/share/man/man1

Now open a terminal(Ctrl+Alt+t and to the location where you have extracted the tarball and type the following:
make

to compile the source files and create the binaries and then
sudo make install

to move the binaries to the appropriate location.
After this you should be able to use asa.


Two network cards - block port on one of them

1st Approach: specify the destination ip address

Iptables -I INPUT 1 -p tcp --dport 8888 -d 44.55.66.77 -j DROP

2nd Approach: blocking all trafic except that one designated to ip address from 1st NIC

iptables -A INPUT -d 12.34.56.78 -p tcp --dport 8888 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8888 -j DROP

Explanation: As long as the traffic is designated to that particular ip addres, doesn't matter what is the interface from which is comming from.


LXD containers
There is a LXD provider in the works for Juju. It was demoed recently: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QyXLRDN0ERo You can see the blueprints and test it by building from the feature branch. afaik, it currently doesn't have support for creating LXD containers on multiple machines.
LXC containers
What you currently can do, however, is create LXC containers on multiple machines. To deploy wordpress to a new lxc container on machine 1 you run juju deploy wordpress --to lxc:1. This will create a new lxc container on machine 1 and deploy wordpress into it.
How the container is networked depends on the type of environment. Maas will set up networking for you. In manual provider, the container is on a private network with the host machine (so containers on machines other than 0 will not be accessible by Juju). However, in manual provider you can hack around this by letting the containers dhcp to the host network. I made a Charm that bridges the network of lxc containers to the host network.


i think you haven't installed flash player,
for this install synaptic by typing

sudo apt-get install synaptic

in the terminal and open the synaptic by typing

sudo synaptic

search for the flashplugin-installer in synaptic and mark it for installation and click apply, then it will work.


How to manage two efi parition for two different installations of ubuntu?

Launchpad bug #1396379 (During installation user's input for location of bootloadder is ignored and first EFI found is used), is the cause of these sorts of problems.  Do add yourself to the "Does this affect me?" on the bug if you ever install to a second disk. Outside the installer, grub works fine, and may be used with appropriate options to specify where you install it.
The result of installation to a second disk is that the EFI of the first disk is updated and still boots grub, but now grub's additional files are located on the second disk.  This works as long as the second disk is attached. Without the second disk attached, grub cannot find the files it needs to continue booting.  Copying the first disk's EFI file to the second disk's EFI will result in a working boot for the second disk. Select/put the disk as first in the boot order to boot.
The fix for the first EFI is to edit the EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg file (it's only a few lines) to change the disk/partition references back to the the first disk, and use the UUID (provided by running sudo blkid in a terminal) for the Ubuntu on the first disk.  This change allows grub to boot off the first disk.  The only other change you (might) need is to restore the Windows bootloader to the default for the device.  The file /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi was originally the Windows bootloader, but it probably got renamed to /EFI/Boot/bckbootx64.efi (or maybe bootx64.efi.bup). Check the size of the Windows bootloader in /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi to ensure bckbootloader.efi is really the Windows bootloader. Then just copy it (or /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi) back to /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi. Put the device or the /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi second in the boot order, so if the second disk is not attached, it will boot the second entry.


Intrusive frame around Gedit windows in VirtualBox seamless mode

You can get rid of window borders by appending

decoration, decoration:backdrop {
    border-radius: 0;
    border-width: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
    margin: 1px;
}

to ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css file (create it if it doesn't exist)

Note that while you can set the margin to 0 and get rid of the border completely, that would break ability to resize windows by dragging their edges.


Ubuntu Touch is still in its infancy. There is really only 10 or so apps currently available for Ubuntu Touch at the moment providing some core features.

I havent heard of any plans to provide a screen reader to improve accessbility. I believe there will be one eventually however as I havent seen any design plans to implement one I imagine there won't be anything within the next 3 months.

At present Ubuntu Touch can't provide what you're looking for and I can't really even provide an estimate as to when one will be implemented.

If you are able, your best bet would be to contact the mailing list for the Ubuntu Phone developers: https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-phone


First go to vt2 (Ctrl + Alt + -->) then type:

cp /opt/google/chrome/pepper/libpepflashplayer.so /home/chronos/[your user # *]/Downloads/

Then, in Ubuntu, copy the file to /usr/lib/chromium-browser/plugins and type in the terminal:

gksudo gedit #(or preferred text editor)

Now open /etc/chromium-browser/default in that editor and add to this file:

CHROMIUM_FLAGS="--ppapi-flash-path=/usr/lib/chromium-browser/plugins/libpepflashplayer.so --ppapi-flash-version=[Your flash version # **] --ppapi-flash-args=enable_hw_video_decode=0,enable_stagevideo_auto=0,enable_trace_to_console=0"

*In Chrome OS, your user number can be found by pressing Ctrl + Shift + j, then clicking the gear in the top right corner, then click the "Workspace" option and then click "Add folder" click open and your user number will be at the top of Chrome in the "Allow/Deny" bar.

**You can find the version by going to chrome://plugins in Chrome OS and copy it from the Flash Player. It should look like 14.0.0.177-r1.

Note: This is not working for chromium 36 but seems to work for other versions of chromium.


Maybe the more efficient is  to  use the reboot parameter in your crontab with the line like that:

@reboot /home/user/script.sh

It will launch  the  script every time the server boot. I use that on several servers to send me a mail when it boots.


How do you forcibly unmount a disk when you press the eject button on an optical drive?

There's a wide variety of hardware eject buttons for optical drives.  Some of them send a software signal, so that the operating system knows that the disk has been ejected.  Some of them do not do this.  It sounds like your new system has an optical drive that falls into the latter category.  Since optical drives tend to be slow, read-only media, there's a high chance that the operating system will have cached some of the data if you were using it.  Removing the underlying storage without clearing the cache may not immediately result in the data being unavailable (although there is a strong chance that only some files, or even some parts of files remain available without the media).

The simple workaround is to always tell the software to eject, rather than using the hardware button.  You might also look at alternate input devices that have an eject button (some keyboards, or wire a special button as an input device, etc.).  The last resort would be to switch your optical drive for another one.

In the event that you have removed a disk without unmounting, it should be safe to unmount it from software independent of the removal of the media.  Some drives will automatically rescan when this is done: others will physically eject and need to be reinserted.


Install ImageMagick, and then use the command convert:
convert -crop 20%x100% rose.jpg rose2.jpg

Explanation:

20% is 1/5 of 100% and therefore will crop the image in 5 equal parts.
100% so that it will not be cropped vertically.
rose.jpg is the original file.
rose2.jpg is the output.


Not enough space on parition mounted at /

You can check the individual file/directory disk usage by running the du -sh * command in the / directory... It can take a considerable amount of time because it recursively scans the directory structure.... What you have here is a single / partition which means that your boot/var/ reside inside /.... this isn't ideal.... First of all check If there are too many kernels in the /boot directory, keep the latest two and remove the rest (very carefully).... Also check if any log files in /var are using too much space... clear those files if they aren't important


How to get a list of installed programmes with python?

The default GtkAppChooser is probably what you want. Here is an example:

from gi.repository import Gtk

dialog = Gtk.AppChooserDialog()
dialog.set_heading("Choose an application below")
widget = dialog.get_widget()
widget.set_show_all(True)
response = dialog.run()
if response == Gtk.ResponseType.OK:
    appinfo = dialog.get_app_info()
    print "Selected:", appinfo.get_name()
    appinfo.launch(None, None)

Have a look at this documentation page which will show the GtkAppChooserWidget, GtkAppChooseButton and GtkAppChooseDialog to implement inside your application, and the GtkAppChooser interface to work with the options.

GAppInfo.launch() documentation.


"The selected disc image file isn't valid" error

Have you tried using CDBurnerXP to burn the ISO? Always worked for me when burning ISO in Windows. Brasero just works now. :)

Check that your disc download matches the hashsum from Canonical for the download as well. Your download may have been corrupted or dropped packets in-flight. You would not want to start from a bad image.

Hope this helps.


Printer output shifted on a Brother DCP-135C

Take a look at file /usr/local/Brother/Printer/**your model**/inf/br**your model**rc (probably /usr/local/Brother/Printer/dcp135c/inf/brdcp135crc) and verify if the value of PaperType matches your paper size.

That happened to me when settings were "Letter" and my paper was "A4".


On Ubuntu Precise, go to:

System Settings > Universal Access > Typing > Bounce Keys

Set the toggle for Bounce Keys to on and adjust the delay to as short as is necessary to remove the bouncing issue, but not so short that you end up typing "adres" instead of "address".

I have a rather bouncy Dell keyboard (kept randomly sending the same key twice in a row) and this setting appears to have fixed it.


Why are my laptop fans spinning all the time at high speed even though CPU usage is under 20%?

It might not be a software problem. After a few years, the thermal compound that's sandwiched between the CPU and the heatsink becomes hard and brittle and doesn't conduct much. If you're able to get to it, I recommend buying a kit that includes:

a cleaner to get the old heatsink off
a prep compound to prepare the CPU surface for the new thermal compound
and the thermal compound itself.

One thing you might try first to make sure it's not a software issue, is to boot from a LiveCD, open a few browser tabs like you described, and see if the fans race. If they do, it's very likely the hardware issue I described.


Can't open terminal in Ubuntu 18.04 after upgrade from 17.10

This mostly happens if the language setting on your system got messed up, to fix this simply re-set your language settings (see Screenshot).

After this your terminal should work as expected.


Login bar disappears when I try to log in

Try to :

1-Restore the /etc/issue file: sudo mv /etc/issue.backup /etc/issue

2-Restore the /etc/rc.local file: sudo mv /etc/rc.local.backup /etc/rc.local

3-Then reboot (sudo reboot)


What replaced Python's gnomekeyring module in Ubuntu 18.04/Bionic?

It appears that the answer is libsecret

However, it also appears that some functionality has been removed.

  In libsecret you can unlock items directly, and the result is (with
  gnome-keyring daemon) that the enclosing collection will be unlocked.

  It is no longer possible to pass a password to unlock keyrings. These
  are automatically prompted for.


How to embed a terminal into the desktop on Ubuntu?

Dolphin (KDE's default file manager) integrates a terminal whose current working directory is set to the windows' current working directory:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install dolphin

To activate the terminal you'll have to hit F4 in Dolphin after the installation, and it will always be present in any new opened window after that until you hit F4 again.

The only downside is you'll have to install most of KDE itself (around 85 MB in my current Debian installation).


How to rebuild a package for a different Ubuntu release

The same version can't be built for multiple releases, that would mean different binary packages, with the same verison. Either you copy the binaries forward to a newer release (assuming they'll be installable and functional on it) or you have to bump the version number.

Oh, and 12.05.6 isn't a great version for a PPA. It feels like a Debian version. I'd suggest 12.05.6-0qreatorppa1. That makes it far easier for people to understand what they have installed on their systems, and get back to a clean state.


How to configure the foward/rewind step size (in seconds)?

I don't know if you're still looking for a solution, but this article describes how to do what you seen to want. I came across both your question and the article when I was looking for a solution myself. It worked for me on Win7 and will hopefully work on Ubuntu as well.
Steps:

Launch VLC. Click "Tools" in the top menu bar, then click "Preferences" to open VLC's preferences section.

Click the radio button next to "All" in the lower left-hand corner to display VLC's "Advanced settings" section. Click the arrow next to "Interfaces" in the left-hand column, and then click "Hotkeys settings."

Click the text box next to the jump size you want to change in the "Jump sizes" section. Type the length of time, in seconds, that you want to set as the skip length. Repeat the process for all of the skip lengths that you want to change.

Click "Save" to apply the new skip times, and close the "Preferences" window.


How can host access the files on guest on VM?

You can share a folder within your network using samba.
you can share files with ftp/http servers like Xampp on your real machine and access them in virtual machine or reverse.
You can share a folder using virtualbox share folder feature, if you use shared folder with virtual box feature, then you can access it with a samba client within virtual machine. you must try to access vboxsvr.


Dash to panel/ Dash to dock in Ubuntu 19.10

I just upgraded to 19.10 myself from 19.04.  Dash to Dock seems to have stopped working.  I just installed Dash to panel and that seems to work.  You can position it on either the top or bottom.  And I do like the extra space it provides.

For me I installed it as a gnome extension from the website.  https://extensions.gnome.org/

You will need to make sure to have the Gnome Integration Add-on installed in Firefox if it isn't installed already.  If it is installed you will see a black foot print towards the top right of the Firefox browser for the Gnome Integration add-on and that can take you to the website.

I hope this helps you out.


How to kill a GNU `screen` session programatically?

You can use the following command,

$ kill -9 My_Screen_name

After that, you can check the Screen Status using the command,

$ sudo ps -auxf|grep My_Screen_name

Currently running or closed!!


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS: Can't update network configuration!

After you click "Apply", you have to turn off the wired connection by the toggle and turn it on again.
Edit
First you need delete all connections by sudo nmtui and then set it up again.


rhythmbox won't play radio stations from 13.04

While trying to play a station, you've got to enter this into a terminal:

sudo killall gvfsd-http

... And you should be OK. The "sudo" part will require you to input your password. Hopefully, we'll all laugh about this later. And yes, you'll have to do this each and every time, for each and every station. It's a bug.


Cannot connect to wifi using lubuntu GUI on Ubuntu server 14.04

The ip address in the address line must be the reserved ip address you
  have configured within your router.

That works well, but the more common method is to pick an address outside the DHCP range in the router. For example, if the router is set to allow 50 addresses for DHCP from, for example, 192,168.1.2 to 192.168.1.51, pick an address outside the range, such as 192.168.1.100. Keep a journal of the various addresses assigned statically, or do as I did years ago; write '100' on the back of the machine with a marker. Crude but effective.


UBUNTU 11.10 will not boot after succesfully installed on 8GB usb 3.0 pendrive

If i were you, I would have downloaded the 12.04 LTS Non-PAE core, which will just work almost on any configuration.
After installation, you will get a terminal CLI, then you'll have all the possible option to get a complete desktop environment.

to install Ubuntu desktop

sudo apt-get update && dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get -y install ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get check
sudo reboot

Please note that if you hav RAM more than 4 GB, then non-PAE version is "NOT SUGGESTED" to use.


Don't know any GNU/Linux distro which will be more battery friendly than Ubuntu. But of course lightweight flavour of Ubuntu- like Xubuntu should consume a bit less power than vanilla Ubuntu.
You can try tool like TLP to improve battery consumption.TLP is a tool that can  help laptop users save battery power. It is highly customizable to fulfil specific user requirements.

Installation:- Run this command in Terminal to install TLP-

sudo apt install tlp linux-tools-generic

After installation, go to this address. Scroll down, copy all the texts from the box Raw Paste Data. Then open Terminl & run-

sudo -i gedit /etc/default/tlp ("gedit" is the name of default text editor of Ubuntu. If you use other text editor, put it's name in the command instead).

Select all the text (Ctrl+A) on the upcoming window and replace it with the text you just copied on your browser (Ctrl+V). Save the file & restart your PC. See if it makes any difference.

You can visit TLP’s website to learn about tweaking it’s configuration.

Additional tips:

Make sure that all the necessary drivers required for hardware acceleration is installed on your system-

sudo apt install i965-va-driver-shaders va-driver-all vdpau-driver-all mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-utils gstreamer1.0-vaapi beignet-opencl-icd vainfo
Be sure hardware acceleration enabled on Firefox/Chromium. Then install the add-on "h264ify". It'll force YouTube to stream videos encoded with H.264 codec. By default, YouTube streams VP8/VP9 encoded video. However, this can cause problems with less powerful machines because VP8/VP9 is not typically hardware accelerated.
In contrast, H.264 is commonly hardware accelerated by GPUs, which usually means smoother video playback and reduced CPU usage.
Use MPV for hardware accelarated video playback. MPV is usually a command-line based player so install SMPlayer after installing MPV to use it normally. Make sure to select "vaapi" for both as video driver and GPU acceleration codec in SMPlayer preferences. Nvidia GPU users should select "vdpau" (instead of vaapi). People who want to use the post-processing feature should select "vaapi-copy" or "vdpau-copy (for Nvidia)".

Notes:

Make sure MPV is selected as the playback engine in SMPlayer preferences.
AMD GPUs are supported by both vaapi and vdpau drivers so selecting any of them will be fine.


In general, downloading via torrent is more reliable than getting a single large file from one server.

See this list for alternative downloads, including links for torrents. In case you don't want to torrent, you'll also find servers that may be geographically closer to you. You can download the 64bit version of 12.10 and then put it onto a USB. See here for instructions.


Different font rendering with other window manager

I found a solution here:

http://lovingthepenguin.blogspot.com/2011/07/fixing-ugly-qt-fonts-in-openbox-fluxbox.html

It turns out, however, that I only need to set hintstyle and rgba since the other settings are the same as the default ones. Add the following lines to ~/.Xresources (or ~/.Xdefaults if you start X from the console) and restart X Windows:

Xft.hintstyle: hintslight
Xft.rgba: rgb

Edit 2014-10-26: Debian 7 uses different default values so use these settings to make sure the fonts look good:

Xft.antialias: true
Xft.autohint: false
Xft.dpi: 96
Xft.hinting: true
Xft.hintstyle: hintslight
Xft.lcdfilter: lcddefault
Xft.rgba: rgb

Edit 2016-01-10: Some applications, like Chromium, use fontconfig settings instead. The Xft values above corresponds to the following XML in ~/.fonts.conf:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
    <match target="font">
        <edit mode="assign" name="antialias">
            <bool>true</bool>
        </edit>
    </match>

    <match target="font">
        <edit mode="assign" name="autohint">
            <bool>false</bool>
        </edit>
    </match>

    <match target="font">
        <edit mode="assign" name="dpi">
            <double>96.0</double>
        </edit>
    </match>

    <match target="font">
        <edit mode="assign" name="hinting">
            <bool>true</bool>
        </edit>
    </match>

    <match target="font">
        <edit mode="assign" name="hintstyle">
            <const>hintslight</const>
        </edit>
    </match>

    <match target="font">
        <edit mode="assign" name="lcdfilter">
            <const>lcddefault</const>
        </edit>
    </match>

    <match target="font">
        <edit mode="assign" name="rgba">
            <const>rgb</const>
        </edit>
    </match>
</fontconfig>

In Debian I have also noticed that to get the same character shapes you also need to set DPI to 100 instead of 96*.

*https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/165250/why-is-a-ten-point-font-smaller-in-debian-compared-to-ubuntu


A persistent Live USB is essentially a copy of the installation DVD.
The files in the original ISO remains as is in a read only file system. All the Updates and extra software you install are saved in the space designated for keeping the changes. Say, you update Firefox. in a normal installation the old one is replaced. In persistent installation the old one stays as is, the newer version is located in the persistent virtual disk (within the USB) taking up extra space and sometimes creating problems. If you install an extra software like Chrome in a persistent Live USB, it will get installed in the same virtual disk. Now if you install Ubuntu from this persistent copy into another hard drive the original version of Firefox in the DVD image will get installed and the Chrome will be ignored.
Also see What would be the differences between a persistent USB Live Session and a installed Ubuntu in a USB drive?
How to make a custom ISO
To have a Live USB that includes all the software you want in Ubuntu, you need to create a custom ISO file with those software packed in it. Make sure this custom ISO is less than 4GB to fit your USB drive. Then you will need to create a Live USB using this custom ISO.
See Ubuntu help on customizing the ISO file.
ISORespin and Cubic are two software options mentioned in the comments. I don't know anything about these.
I hope this helps


Shortcut to change playlist in Audacious

There is Control-Tab and Control-Shift-Tab as in most applications that use tabs.


I got it!
What worked for me was creating a live USB disk with Ubuntu and then selecting the "try Ubuntu" option. From there I download the boot repair tool found here:
How to install the Boot-Repair tool in an Ubuntu live disc?
From the log of the boot repair it seems like all that was done was GRUB being reinstalled.
Lesson learned: back up your files in case stuff like this happens again...


Ubuntu-based distro with a rolling release?

Ubuntu has Rolling Rhino
If you want to read a blog about it, I'll refer you to
https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2020/06/ubuntu-rolling-release-rhino-tool

Ubuntu desktop lead Martin Wimpress has created a tool called Rolling Rhino. Its aim: convert an Ubuntu daily build image into a “rolling release” distro by opting into and tracking the devel series of changes/packages.   (Joey Sneddon)

or from the source directly
https://github.com/wimpysworld/rolling-rhino

Convert Ubuntu into a "rolling release" that tracks the devel series; for the toughest of Ubuntu users.

Created by Martin Wimpress, (lead of Ubuntu Desktop at Canonical)
Note:  Using Rolling Rhino will put you off-topic for sites such as this, just like my own use of the development cycle does (I moved to groovy the day after release of focal, i'll move to the h series the day or so after groovy becomes 20.10, so be aware that you'll have less support options using Rolling Rhino, thus the warning given for the toughest of Ubuntu users.


Is it possible to patch without spiking the CPU?

I think this answer contains everything you are looking for:

  OK, I managed myself to do the same you did, but with some changes:

1) I installed the same utilities:

sudo apt-get install cgroup-bin cgroup-lite cgroup-tools cgroupfs-mount libcgroup1

2) I edited conf files like this:

sudo -H gedit /etc/init/cgroup-lite.conf

description "mount available cgroup filesystems"
author "Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>"

start on mounted MOUNTPOINT=/sys/fs/cgroup

pre-start script
test -x /bin/cgroups-mount || { stop; exit 0; }
test -d /sys/fs/cgroup || { stop; exit 0; }
/bin/cgroups-mount
cgconfigparser -l /etc/cgconfig.conf
end script

post-stop script
if [ -x /bin/cgroups-umount ]
then
    /bin/cgroups-umount
fi
end script

sudo -H gedit /etc/cgconfig.conf

# Since systemd is working well, this section may not be necessary.
# Uncomment if you need it
#
# mount {
# cpuacct = /cgroup/cpuacct;
# memory = /cgroup/memory;
# devices = /cgroup/devices;
# freezer = /cgroup/freezer;
# net_cls = /cgroup/net_cls;
# blkio = /cgroup/blkio;
# cpuset = /cgroup/cpuset;
# cpu = /cgroup/cpu;
# }

group limitcpu{
  cpu {
    cpu.shares = 400;
  }
}

group limitmem{
  memory {
    memory.limit_in_bytes = 512m;
  }
}

group limitio{
  blkio {
    blkio.throttle.read_bps_device = "252:0         2097152";
  }
}

group browsers {
    cpu {
#       Set the relative share of CPU resources equal to 25%
    cpu.shares = "256";
}
memory {
#       Allocate at most 512M of memory to tasks
        memory.limit_in_bytes = "512m";
#       Apply a soft limit of 512 MB to tasks
        memory.soft_limit_in_bytes = "384m";
    }
}

group media-players {
    cpu {
#       Set the relative share of CPU resources equal to 25%
        cpu.shares = "256";
    }
    memory {
#       Allocate at most 256M of memory to tasks
        memory.limit_in_bytes = "256m";
#       Apply a soft limit of 196 MB to tasks
        memory.soft_limit_in_bytes = "128m";
    }
}

cgconfigparser -l /etc/cgconfig.conf

sudo -H gedit /etc/cgrules.conf

user:process                                         subsystems   group
[user]:/usr/lib/chromium-browser/chromium-browser   cpu,memory      browsers
[user]:/usr/bin/clementine                        cpu,memory     media-players

Note: This section needs to be updated with /usr/bin/apt

That is an example, use your username instead of [user]. You can add the applications you need to limit and define whether you want them to be CPU-, memory- or both limited.

I edited the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line in /etc/default/grub:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="cgroup_enable=memory swapaccount=1"

Updating it:

sudo update-grub

3) And finally rebooting to apply changes.

  And that is how I've got this working. Before this I was having
  frequent OOMs with multitasking - with chromium-browser, clementine,
  sublime-text and other applications using a lot of resources -, now
  they are running smoothly and I can multitask better.

Additional cgroups resources:

cgroups was developed by Google in 2006: Wikipedia
Everything You Need to Know about Linux Containers, Part I: Linux Control Groups and Process Isolation


Wireless Atheros Qualcomm AR9285 not working

There is no need to install that driver since your wireless card is supported out of the box.

Run the command
rfkill list all

You will get an output similar to

Wireless LAN

Soft blocked: yes/no

Hard blocked: yes/no

To unblock, enter the command

sudo rfkill unblock all


Is my Windows installation booting in UEFI mode or legacy mode?

If you would prefer to check from Ubuntu:

In Ubuntu open the terminal and type "sudo parted -l".
Scroll to the part with information on the disk your Windows installation is using. Under "Partition Table:" it should say gpt or msdos. GPT is required for Windows to run in UEFI mode. msdos means you're using BIOS/Legacy Mode.


Why do PDFs with forms create black bars on some pages?

The only viable solution I've found so far:

Upload PDF file with wrong fields to https://www.pdfescape.com
Fill in any field, without at least one change to the fields, the uploaded file will be returned directly as is rather than recreated properly at point 3.
Click on 'Save & Download PDF...' and download it onto your computer

The black form fields should now look normal. Whatever is wrong with them, rewriting the file completely with PDFescape seems to fix it.

Who knows what's wrong with them. Maybe Wizards of the Coast use some outdated Windows-only writer or something. Though strange that only the 'Character details' & 'Spellcasting sheet' pages are rendered wrongly...


The Suspend is Killing Me (14.0.3, 15.10, Elementary Freya) Acer Aspire E11

I also had this problem on my acer e11 aspire (tried several linux distros). Aparently, the problem was using the BIOS firmware in legacy mode. Switching to UEFI mode in the BIOS menu solved all problems for me. I hope this works for you too.


Honestly this is a problem.

Adobe has pulled the plug on supporting its PDF reader app for Linux. This should come as no surprise, as the last time Adobe Reader for Linux was updated was in 2013.

Some alternatives do survive but they seem to be outdated or "slow" PDF web viewer's has been my way to view PDFs quickly however you can't edit on them.

Here is a article


Puddletag format value formating all selected fields

Thanks to @KevinBowen for helping me figure this out.

Turns out that it is intentional, quote from tutorial 2 on puddletag.net "Quick Action runs an action as normal but ignores the fields defined in the functions and uses the selected cells.", I never actually knew what quick actions where for, I just use it because the button is easier to click on for me.


Whong php-config, right php -v and phpize

You need to uninstall the php7.3-dev package. Alternatively, use versioned php-config (e.g. pass php7.2-config to ./configure).


How to implement a custom dead-key based keyboard layout?

From the site you provided

https://github.com/workman-layout/Workman/blob/master/linux_console/workman.iso15.kmap

This gets fed into xmodmap

  xmodmap - utility for modifying keymaps and pointer button mappings in
  X

   The xmodmap program is used to edit and display the keyboard modifier map and keymap table
   that are used by client applications to  convert  event  keycodes  into  keysyms.   It  is
   usually  run from the user's session startup script to configure the keyboard according to
   personal tastes.

(http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/disco/man1/xmodmap.1.html)

(Pointers only, For LXQt Lubuntu you maybe able to use the Keyboard and Mouse settings (Keyboard Layout) found through menu search using "keyb")

For more information :

Problems with xmodmap
How do I set Xmodmap on login?


The tut on the link you provided looks fine. If you mess up the boot loader you do NOT need to do a full install again. You can reinstall grub using a live CD or something like Super GRUB Disk.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/burg
ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install burg burg-themes grub-customizer
sudo burg-install "(hd0)"
[Or (sda)]
sudo burg-emu
(to test it out)


First try this in terminal and see if it fixes it

sudo apt-get update && apt-get upgrade

If not Try the following commands in a terminal

sudo apt-get remove --purge firefox ubuntu-restricted-extras

This unistalls Firefox and the flash plugin you can then reinstall them and see if it works

sudo apt-get install firefox ubuntu-restricted-extras


Please clarify: Using SFTP on LAN for development

Working backwards in your group of questions:

3) If we presume that your FTP server is not exposed to the wilds of the Internet, then FTP is fine for transferring files internally on your LAN.

2) SFTP works just like FTP for implementation regarding users and access privileges. Only the security of the connection between host and client is increased through encryption.

1) SSH works at both the machine and user level. Users with host machine accounts can SSH in to the host; hosts can be configured with non-machine users to allow SSH (see running an OpenSSH Server).


This should be set in nvidia-settings

Of course you need to save your settings as well ("Save to X configuration file").

If it is not working, likely file a bug report, likely with nvidia.


The 1st URL.

Both locations hold the same software though so in the end it won't matter. As soon as Xenial reaches end of life only "archive" will be useable but it wont get any security updates anyways.


Assuming you have followed the steps properly installing LAMP stack. To make things simpler and easy, you can check the service status.

For Apache:

sudo service apache2 status

for PHP

php -v

will print all the required information with php version. If you need more, you can simply even create info.php page along with below information, while placing it on the server root.

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

As for MySQL, you can check with;

sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql

Installing Drupal should be straight forward as installing other framework such as wordpress, Joomla... etc. However you need to refer to a document on installing drupal and place them right at the root of where apache's httpd.conf points to.

Hope this helps!


display just blinks after installing Lubuntu

Your system is fairly old (some would call it ancient). Your RAM is also too low. Try installing a lighter version of Ubuntu, like Lubuntu.


dpkg error message upgrading from ubuntu 15.04 to 15.10

You may wish to perform a a fresh install and restore your data from backup.

You did perform a a backup before you started the upgrade ? If not, start with a backup.

If you wish to try to upgrade anyways, I suggest you remove all those broken packages.

sudo apt-get purge evince brasero libbrasero-media3-1 rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder ubuntu-desktop brasero-cdrkit

Then re-try your upgrade and re-install those packages after the upgrade.

sudo apt-get install evince brasero libbrasero-media3-1 rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder ubuntu-desktop brasero-cdrkit

If you get errors, you can try to manually remove the packages, one at a time if necessary

sudo dpkg --remove --force-all evince

If you still get errors you will need to manually remove the package

cd /var/lib/dpkg/info
sudo rm evince.*

Re-run the upgrade, install the packages you removed

sudo apt-get install evince brasero libbrasero-media3-1 rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder ubuntu-desktop brasero-cdrkit

See the apt-get and dpkg man pages and/or http://blog.bodhizazen.com/linux/apt-get-how-to-fix-very-broken-packages/ for details on those commands.


Ubuntu VM: why is it still there after remove?

The reason you still have all your virtual machines and their settings after removal and reinstallation of the Virtual Box application is a strictly separated storage of the actual application, and user created data.
From Virtual Box >= 4.0 all files created by any user will be stored in a subdirectory in our HOME directory (see Virtual Box manual):

Global settings
From 4.3. global configuration settings for your Virtual Box environment are stored in ~/.config/VirtualBox/. If we had upgraded from a version < 4.3 of Virtual Box the directory ~/.VirtualBox will still be used instead. It is also the location where registered VMs are stored in an .XML file.

Virtual machines
All virtual machines and their settings are stored in an own directory, per default in ~/Virtual Box VMs/<Name of VM>/. Old machines from previous releases of Virtual Box will still reside in the ~/.VirtualBox/Machines for compatibility reasosn.

To delete virtual machines we will therefore have to unregister any machine and then also delete the machine's hard disk(s) and settings. This can easily be done from the Virtual Box Virtual Media Manager.


You can not bridge a firewire. From http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/bridge

  Does it work with Token Ring , FDDI, or Firewire?

  No, the addressing and frame sizes are different.

You would need to work around this with route or NAT.

There are several possibilities, see http://adterrasperaspera.com/blog/2011/08/05/linux-layer-2-bridging-cant-do-firewire/ and  http://blog.bodhizazen.com/linux/bridge-wireless-cards/


Unable to switch subtitle and audio language in VLC/Totem via menu

Okey, I did some research and managed to get menus back in VLC!  In summary you need to reset the preferences. You can try these commands in terminal:

rm -r ~/.config/vlc
rm -r ~/.cache/vlc
vlc --reset-config

This is how it looks now!


How can I make a zip file of a directory except specific folder of it?

The zip command has an --exclude (or -x) flag to exclude some files:

zip -r --exclude 'img/' compressed_filename.zip path/foldername

Adjust the paths if necessary.

You can also use the find command to list all the files to be included and pass them to the zip command.

find path/foldername -name 'img' -prune -o -exec zip compressed_filename.zip {} +

This will search the path/foldername for all files (and folders). If it finds img, it stops processing it (-prune). All other (-o) found items will be (together, because of + at the end) passed to the zip invocation.


Please help me type following words in Hindi

Have you tried looking at the 'Keyboard Layout Chart' found under the language indicator? You'll find every key and how it's mapped on your keyboard based on the 'Indian' layout.
If you can't find the letter that way, you can always use the Character Map, found on the list of Ubuntu apps.


VLC unable to play mp4 files downloaded from youtube

Download and install all G streamer libraries to play different video formats in VLC using this command sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0-*


How to clone outputs instead of "unify" in Kubuntu 16.04?

It works with HDMI monitors, just not with VGA.


Error:Broken Count>0 help? Can't download anything from software center.. Ubuntu 12.04 lts

Launch Ubuntu Software Center and when it starts a window will pop telling you that there is an error etc. Press on repair.


Ubuntu does not load after installing it alongside Windows

Solution
Reinstall GRUB2 to the MBR, either:

with the instructions here*, or
(if you prefer) using any of these methods.

* This should fix the problem even though in this case it was not caused by a recent installation of Windows, see below.
Explanation
You're installing alongside Windows 7 (not Windows 8 or later) and there's no reason to believe this is a UEFI system (no "Secure Boot"). Therefore, we should expect that the cause of this problem is the usual cause of Ubuntu failing to boot after being installed as a fully-fledged (i.e., non-Wubi) system.
Sometimes Ubuntu's installer will not successfully install the GRUB2 boot loader to the Master Boot Record. As I answered in this related (but somewhat different) question:

While most installations go without anything going wrong, this is
actually one of the more common installation problems. It can occur if
you manually tell the installer not to install GRUB to the master boot
record of the first hard drive, if it identifies the first hard drive
incorrectly (its idea of first isn't necessarily what the BIOS tries
to boot first), if it thinks a suitable boot loader is already in
place (and is wrong), and possibly for other reasons.
Reinstalling the GRUB2 boot loader to the master boot record of the
drive that the BIOS is trying to boot almost always solves this
problem. When someone with a working Ubuntu system installs a Windows
system alongside Ubuntu, the Windows installer will overwrite the
master boot record with its own boot loader, which does not detect and
provide an option to boot Ubuntu. That's what your situation has in
common with that of users who've just installed Windows beside Ubuntu.


SSH graphical session without graphical environment installed on server

Only connecting to manage folders from Nautilus

To do this, you only need ssh installed on the server.

Go to File>Connect to Server

Fill the dialog up with the settings like so:

Make it a bookmark

Use the bookmark whenever required

As far as SSH is concerned, AFAIK its not possible to Xforward a whole session

  Note: You need a graphical environment for this

What you want to use is probably XRDP

On the Debian install run the following command

sudo apt-get install xrdp

And on ubuntu, do this:

sudo apt-get install remmina&&remmina

You'll get this window

Click New

Configure the settings

Click the connect button

You will get a session which has a gui of the server


Install ant 1.8 (and uninstall eclipse, but not what it depends on) and download eclipse from http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/packages/eclipse-ide-java-developers/heliossr2. All dependencies are already installed, two things upgraded.


How can I access old KMail emails after upgrading to Ubuntu 11.10?

Use this shell script for conversion of mdir to mbox format

#! /bin/sh
#
# Get a directory name as input and convert all mail files inside
# to mbox format
#
# NOTE: processing of subdirectories not yet implemented correctly:
#       all mails in subfolders are put into the same mbox
#       (it would be better if an mbox file will be generated for
#       each subfolder)
#
# History:
# Feb 06 2001 Joerg Reinhardt
# - first edition
# Feb 07 2001 Joerg Reinhardt
# - added usage output
# Feb 12 2001 Joerg Reinhardt
# - mails not containing a 'From:' field but an 'X-From-Line:' or a
#   'Reply-To:' field are now recognised and also processed (e.g. put into
#   the mbox file); this works fine for all my mails
# - added progress information
# - warning about corrupt files is now written to stderr
# Sep 8 2012 Kim Johansson
# - Time conversion to local timezone added
# - changed grep "Date:" to grep "Date: "

# check for argument or help argument respectively
if [[ ($1 == "") ||
($1 == "-h") ||
($1 == "--help") ||
($1 == "-help") ]]; then
echo "Usage: "$0" <Xfmail-mail-directory>";
fi;

# check if parameter is a directory
if [[ -d $1 ]]; then
# set target filename
dirname=`echo $1 | awk '{while(substr($0,length($0),1)=="/"){$0=substr($0,1,length($0)-1);}print $0;}'`;
mboxfile=$dirname'.mbox';

# check if directory is empty
if [[ `find $dirname -type f` == "" ]]; then
        echo $dirname": directory empty."
        exit 1;
fi;

# prevent automatic overwriting of target
if [[ -e $mboxfile ]]; then \
        dialogtext="Write file "$mboxfile"?";
        if dialog --yesno "$dialogtext" 10 60; then
        clear;
        rm -vf $mboxfile;
        else
        clear; exit 1;
        fi;
fi;

echo "writing xfmail mail directory '$1' to '$mboxfile'.";

# so we can handle filnames with space
IFS=$(echo -en "\n\b")
# collect files inside Xfmail mail-directory and produce MBOX format
# target file
#    for i in `find $1/* -type f -ls | cut -b 69-`; do
for i in `find $1/* -type f`; do
# output progress information
        echo -n -e \\r"                                                                               "
        echo -n -e \\rprocessing $i
# look for senders email address in the order
# 'From:'
# 'X-From-Line:'
# 'Reply-To:'
        shortfromflag='true';
        fromline=`grep 'From:' $i`;
# parse 'From:' field
        from=`echo $fromline | awk 'BEGIN{FS="<";}{if($0~/</) {pos=index($2,">");if(pos!=0) {print substr($2,1,pos-1);}} else {pos=index($0,":");print substr($0,pos+1);}}'`;
        if [[ $from == "" ]]; then
        shortfromflag='false';
        fromline=`grep 'X-From-Line:' $i`;
        from=`echo $fromline | awk 'BEGIN{FS="Line:";}{print $2;}'`;
        if [[ $from == "" ]]; then
                shortfromflag='true';
                fromline=`grep 'Reply-To:' $i`;
# parse 'Reply-To:' field
                from=`echo $fromline | awk 'BEGIN{FS="<";}{if($0~/</) {pos=index($2,">");if(pos!=0) {print substr($2,1,pos-1);}} else {pos=index($0,":");print substr($0,pos+1);}}'`;
                if [[ $from == "" ]]; then
                echo;
                echo "WARNING: "$i": no 'From:' nor 'X-From-Line:' nor 'Reply-To:' field found." >&2;
                continue;
                fi;
        fi;
        fi;
        if [[ $shortfromflag == "true" ]]; then
# parse date field
        dateline=`grep 'Date: ' $i`;
        if [[ $dateline == "" ]]; then
# set dummy date if no date field found
                dateline="Date: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 +0000 (GMT)";
        fi;
        datel=`echo $dateline | cut -b7- -`
# Convert to local time
        dateli=`date --date="$datel"`

# output MBOX mail header
        echo "From " $from $dateli >> $mboxfile;
        else
# output long MBOX mail header found in 'X-From-Line:' field
        echo $from >> $mboxfile;
        fi;

# output mail itself
        cat $i >> $mboxfile;
done;
echo;
else
echo $1": not a directory.";
fi;


How can I minimize an application from the Ubuntu dock?

Shift+Middle-Click is the default way to do this.


You need Plasma 5 on your system. There are three ways to get this with Kubuntu.

The Project Neon 5 PPA offers frequently updated development snapshots of KDE Frameworks and Plasma. Packages will be installed to /opt/project-neon5 and will co-install on your Trusty 14.04 (but not earlier) system.

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:neon/kf5
apt update
apt install project-neon5-session project-neon5-utils project-neon5-konsole

Log out and in again.
Releases of KDE Frameworks 5 and Plasma 5 are being packaged in the Kubuntu next PPA. These will replace your Frameworks 4 / Plasma 4 install and requires a working Utopic 14.10 system.

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/next
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ci-train-ppa-service/landing-005
apt update
apt install kubuntu-plasma5-desktop
apt full-upgrade

Log out and in again.
The Neon 5 live image, updated every Friday with latest source from Git to run a full system from a USB disk.

(source)


you are tying to use a http_proxy environment variable with HTTPS url https://install.meteor.com/ .

To set your HTTPS proxy use HTTPS_PROXY environment variable  (all upper case)

from manual for curl

  Curl reads and understands the following environment variables:

    http_proxy, HTTPS_PROXY, FTP_PROXY


You can either switch to a TTY by pressing ctrl+alt+F1, and login there, or start a terminal emulator, often by pressing ctrl+alt+t.


NO UBNLDR error while booting from unetbootin

Try re-formatting the USB drive as FAT32. I had the same problem and after using FAT32 I can boot properly.


Configure sudo for UserA to run commands as UserB (not root)

I think the problem is that when several entries match for the same user, the last match is used. Since invadm is in group sudo the %sudo entry applies, hence the request for a password.
Simply move your specific rules to the end of the file.


i am not able to install flash plugin in firefox and chromium

It seems that some programmes are creating this issue. Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and issue the following (replace user with your user name):

sudo chown -R user:user /home/user/.*

And then try installing the flash plugin again:

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer


Gnome-Shell 3.10.4 on screen keyboard can't type when prompt appears

I used gksu-properties to change the "Grab mode" to disable.

simply type:

gksu-properties

in a terminal or run dialogue box.

This changes weather the screen is "grabbed" or not while entering the password. Disabling this allows other applications to eavesdrop, a security vulnerability. But insistently it allows other applications to input to the password field, useful for on-screen keyboard and scripts. You can switch between the modes by setting "Grab mode" to prompt, as the setting suggests you will be greeted by a prompt before your able to enter your password.

I'd like to point out that most of us enter passwords in the terminal without grabbing anything, this presumably has the same security vulnerability as using gksudo without grab. The "secure keyboard" option found in xterm by holding down ctrl and Left Clicking then selecting "secure keyboard" has what seems to be the same function as grab.


How do I stop the 'Free the Fish' Easter Egg?

Press Alt + F2 then paste pkill gnome-panel and your panel will disappear and reappear but the fish will be gone.


Java 8 vs. Java 1.8 installation (directory name)

Choose Java version:

sudo update-alternatives --config java

Example output:

There are 2 choices for the alternative java (providing usr/bin/java).
Selection     Path                                            Priority  Status
------------------------------------------------------------
  0           /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin/java          1081     auto mode
  1           /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java   1081     manual mode
* 2           /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin/java          1081     manual mode

Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

You may also see the alternatives for java, javac by using the --list option:

sudo update-alternatives --list java
sudo update-alternatives --list javac