How well supported is the Nexus 4 by Ubuntu Touch?

Nexus 4 does have HERE.
Nexus 4 does not have all the scopes that BQ ships with.
There is a real risk that Nexus 4 official updates will stop in the future.  It is not a shipped product that has paying customers.  It's just a developer reference device.  And those change.
Nexus 4 is showing its age.  You can't get it direct from Google anymore.  And it's performance is adequate but not impressive.  For example, Cut the Rope does not run in a playable fashion on a Nexus 4, but it does on the BQ device.


Can't delete files from external hard drive / Input - Output error

There's nothing wrong with your disk.
 Some tool (a Windows ripper?) has taken names off the CD and used them unaltered on your Linux filesystem.  These names contain characters that are illegal in filenames, like the slash (/), because that / indicates a directory path. Dealing with the resultant files (which can be created, but are hard to subsequently deal with) becomes an extended exercise in trying to find a quoting mechanism to allow specifying the illegal characters, so you can rename the files without them.  Even the file gui will block an attempt to create a name with a slash.
However, try to use it to remove the slash, maybe that would work.  Other bad charactersto remove are: (, ), [, ], {, }, ', ", ;, and even space.  Maybe you'd have better luck renaming the files on a Windows system, since the / does not mean directory there.
  If you can rerun the ripper, look for name output options to translate the illegal characters into something else.

To delete the files, run the file manager, which is the filing cabinet on the launch bar.  Click on the "Other Locations" in the left side, then click on "Computer" on the right, then select media, then camilo, then... etc. until you see the file you want to delete.  Right click on it, and select "move to trash". When you have moved all the files to trash you want to delete, on the desktop, right click on the Trash icon, and select "empty trash".


What is arios-automount startup command?

I think that the command for the arios-automount package should be "automount"

Make sure you have installed the package, there is a file name "automount.desktop" in the /etc/xdg/autostart or in  ~/.config/autostart/ folder with the following content:

[Desktop Entry]
# @location ~/.config/autostart/
Name=Auto-mount
Type=Application
Exec=automount
Icon=gnome-dev-harddisk
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true

Comment[en_US]=Automatically Mounts Partitions
Comment=Automatically Mounts Partitions

If you want to add this command to the startup list, open the Startup Applications from the dash.

Add the following:

Name: Auto-mount
Command: automount
Comment: Automatically Mounts Partitions

Hope it helps.


Laptop (thinkpad x201t) with i7 overheats and shuts down. How to manage turbo boost?

There is a bug-report on launchpad which fits your tablet/laptop observation problem.

Reading through this, there are several suggestions, for example

In your BIOS - make sure you are using the latest BIOS version (see the Vendor website for any updates
Also in your BIOS - look for "Advanced Thermal Management" - Set this to "Balanced" rather than "Maximum"
Look at installing the package "thinkfan" from the repositories - NOTE THE WARNING IN THE BUG REPORT - read the documentation first, as incorrect usage can cause serious damage
Take a close look at your fans - clean out any dust etc


Safest option for resizing /home and merging newly freed space with existing free space to form shared partition

Your root and /home exceed 13GB right now. 4GB is not adequate for the Ubuntu OS and its swap file. I'd make it 30 GB to allow room for growth, or at the least, 20 GB.

Fortunately you can do this without robbing any space from Windows, since you can eliminate your swap partition in the process. When the installer comes to disk allocation, choose Something Else and you can delete p5, p6, and p7, then create one new partition p5 which picks up all their space plus the 2.4GB of free space.


Apt not working after Ubuntu 15.10 Upgrade

In the highly unlikely event you haven't done so, shut down - NOT simply reboot your computer.

Next, again assuming that you haven't done so:
sudo apt-get autoclean  && sudo apt-get autoremove

Then:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Even though you've just upgraded your computer, some of the older config files occassionally still linger around.


Edit /etc/default/grub so GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="3" (yes, remove text and just add a 3 in its place).

You can achieve this by running, in a Terminal window:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Edit the file and exit

sudo update-grub

Reboot and you should be dropped in the command line.

The 3 boot parameter sets the runlevel to 3 instead of the default (5), which is needed to start the GUI.


Add "Kubuntu Backports" PPA or "Kubuntu Updates" PPA? Or both?

I would suggest installing only the kubuntu-backports ppa when it becomes available for 18.04.

  Backports of new versions of KDE Platform, Plasma and Applications as well as major KDE apps for Kubuntu

from https://launchpad.net/~kubuntu-ppa/+archive/ubuntu/backports

Also, you could monitor https://www.kubuntuforums.net/forumdisplay.php/30-Kubuntu-Announcements where Kubuntu devs will announce the kubuntu-backports releases.

You could also monitor The kubuntu-devel Archives and, in particular https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-devel/2018-May/011659.html as to what exactly will be provided via the kubuntu-backports ppa in 18.04.


I have found on the internet a solution that worked for me.
http://www.tylergale.com/?p=77

I am posting it here for future reference if someone else has the same problem

Install Java. The suggestion was to install Java 7, but I couldn't run Serviio later, got some version mismatch error. I installed 8 and this solved the problem.

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java -y

  sudo apt-get update

  sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Install FFMPEG

  sudo apt-add-repository ppa:jon-severinsson/ffmpeg -y

  sudo apt-get update

  sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

Download Serviio from the official site http://www.serviio.org/download and extract it in your desired destination folder. I personally called it 'serviio' and placed it in Home
Give permissions

  sudo chown -R YOURUSER:YOURUSER SERVIOFOLDER (e.g. sudo chown -R tyler:tyler /home/tyler/serviio)

Run from terminal

  sudo sh SERVIIOFOLDER/bin/serviio.sh

  and

  sudo sh SERVIIOFOLDER/bin/serviio-console.sh

I personally had problems to run it from terminal, but I managed to run it from GUI instead.


You can encrypt a file using GPG: http://www.linuxdynasty.org/how-to-encrypt-file-using-gpg.html


I'm by no means an expert on this topic, however your configuration appears to be missing:

TLSCert
The file name of an RSA certificate to use for TLS, if required.
TLSKey
The file name of an RSA key to use for TLS, if required.
TLS_CA_File
A file of trusted certificates for validating the server, if required.
TLS_CA_Dir
A directory of trusted certificates for validating the server, if required.

I would assume these are required if using TLS

Source: http://linux.die.net/man/5/ssmtp.conf


Fewest steps to partition a post-install added harddisk?

Use software such as Gparted or in terminal:

fdisk /dev/sda1(use your hdd instead)

After editiing and writing changes update your fstab file.

To list hard disk's use:

fdisk -l


Output awk to file and print at the same time

Use tee for this.
sudo iwlist wlan0 scan | awk -F ':' '/ESSID:/ {print $2;}' | tee test.txt


The apps gzip and sed are not launching by themselves.

The most likely cause to launch them is a script called by cron, by a job in crontab. Take a look into the cron jobs in that system to see if there's a job which calls them. Some useful guidance is shown at http://linuxacademy.com/guide/21076-crontab-in-ubuntu


The process listed here is the grep command, not the bash process. The grep process finishes running when the output is produced. Thus you get a error message stating that there's no such process when you try to kill it!

ps aux does not include the path in the output, and you search for the complete path - and find nothing.

To find bash processes run

ps aux | grep bash

Then you can kill the desired bash process.


This seems to be a bug with the open source Nvidia driver, nouveau.
The fix is simple but you'll have to use the command line to do it to avoid the screen corruption. To get to a terminal, press Control+Alt+F1 and then log in. If the terminal is corrupted (it might be) let me know and I'll give you a longer solution.
Then follow the second answer here to get jockey-text to show you the available drivers, then install and enable them.
If the terminal is corrupt or you can't connect to the internet while things are so corrupted...
The simplest intermediate fix (in order to get you into Ubuntu and connected to the internet so you can install the proprietary Nvidia driver) is disabling the nouveau driver at boot. This is a non-persistent fix so if you reboot before installing the proper driver, you'll need to do it again.

Hold Left Shift as you turn the computer on until a menu appears asking you to select your version of Ubuntu.

Press E on the top item (assuming it says Ubuntu)

To the end of the linux line (note it may be wrapped), add the word nomodeset so you end up with something like:
linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-30-generic root=UUID=... quiet splash nomodeset

Press Control+X to boot.

You should then see Ubuntu in a horrible low-graphics mode but it should work enough for you to get to the graphical Additional Drivers dialogue and install the right Nvidia driver.


Booting from usb just goes back to bios menu

Im not sure if @Zanna is going to post the answer but all I needed to do is add a file to the boot drive and make sure secure boot was off.

Here is the file Ubuntu on 32-bit UEFI (only) based tablet pc


cloud-front is not available for Ubuntu 12.04!

You can find the 13.04 version here.


Client (Ubuntu 20.04) unable to access internet, but router is (Debian 10.5)

There are several problem areas:

If you intend on your client to route through your router, the client's gateway must be set to the router's IP address

In your case, that means the client's gateway should be 10.0.20.15, not 10.0.20.1

Your router needs to have IP forwarding enabled, there are a few ways of doing this:

Run (as root) echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward  Note that this will NOT persist across reboots
Run (as root) sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 Note that this will NOT persist across reboots
If you want for it to persist across reboots, edit /etc/sysctl.conf and ensure that the "net.ipv4.ip_forward" value is uncommented and set to "1".  This will not affect the current state of the OS so you'll need to do one of the above commands the first time.

Remove the "gateway" entry from the router's enp0s8 config.  I don't know if it hurts but it doesn't make sense for the router to be its own gateway
As someone else pointed out, it appears you have the client's DNS server set to be the router but (probably) don't have a DNS server running on the router. Remove the "10.0.20.15" entry from the client's nameserver list.
As a FYI, it doesn't hurt but the "-A FORWARD" lines in your iptables rules are unnecessary assuming your default policy is "ACCEPT".

Assuming your router can access the internet, this should get you working.


You can setup a connection manually on yourself.

Just open Edit Connections from the connection menu and Add a new wi-fi connection. Fill in SSID and select WPA2 security and enter the password. I hope this will work.


Proprietary nvidia 310m driver - temperature issues?

You could try running:

nvidia-settings

And under the PRIME Profiles tab on the left of the Nvidia settings window switch to your Intel GPU instead of Nvidia GPU. This will turn off the graphics card and help with cooling, but isn't going to help with cooling when you want to use the graphics card.

Though you can change settings there to limit how much power the graphics card will use.


Thunar & command line
Like you, I could not find any direct command to open a new window in either treeview or shortcuts (left) pane. I doubt if they are available.
There is however a workaround, but I don't know if you want it to be "pure", or if your goal is mainly to make it functional via command line, so that you can make a starter. If the last is the case, there is a pretty straightforward solution in xdotool.
Using xdotool to create a command
The side pane view in Thunar is set by key combinations. You can simulate these key combinations with xdotool in a command. xdotool is not installed by default, so you have to install it first:
sudo apt-get install xdotool

To generate a working command which you can use in a starter, you need to know that the key combinations to set the tree/shortcut view are:
ctrl+e
ctrl+b

The command to open a new Thunar window in tree view:
thunar; xdotool key ctrl+b; xdotool key ctrl+e

or shortcut view:
thunar; xdotool key ctrl+e; xdotool key ctrl+b

To make a double xdotool command seems odd, but that is necessary to prevent Thunar from cycling through the options, and hide the side pane.
if you want the window to open in a specific directory; add the directory to the command:
thunar /path; xdotool key ctrl+e; xdotool key ctrl+b

Other Thunar options
No need to say that you can use other options in Thunar in a similar way, just look at the key combination(s) after the menu options.


For this instructions we assume your virtual server has IP: 83.170.XXX.XXX (replace with the real IP everywhere).

Then login via SSH as root

ssh root@83.170.XXX.XXX

Following these commands and instructions, update Ubuntu:

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
apt-get install pptpd

Edit the file /etc/pptpd.conf and add:

localip 192.168.0.1
remoteip 192.168.0.2-254

Insert the name servers in /etc/ppp/pptpd-options:

ms-dns 8.8.8.8
ms-dns 8.8.4.4

Create two test users in /etc/ppp/chap-secrets

user1 pptpd password1 *
user2 pptpd password2 *

Setup routing for VPN server in /etc/sysctl.conf:

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Now edit /etc/rc.local (insert before exit 0 and replace 83.XXX.XXX.XXX with your VPS IP number):

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.0/24 ! -d 192.168.0.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source 83.XXX.XXX.XXX

Restart and we are done.

shutdown -r now

Now you can log in with VPN over PPTP with either of the credentials you created before:

user1/password1
user2/password2

Source

This video will help you also

See this also


Use nginx it is much fast, lightweight and easy.  as mentioned at few places as I read.
open terminal and type:
sudo apt-get install nginx

after installation of nginx. type:
service nginx start

now open web browser and type localhost if it opens nginx page then your server is running.
To host a website: in terminal type:
cd /var/www

/var/www ls

here you will find folder html.
here you can copy and paste your website folder. and when you refresh your localhost page on web browser it will open your website.
If in case you want to name your website folder other then html or want to host more then one website. for example your website folder name is "www2". Then in terminal type:
cp /etc/nginx/sites-available/default  /etc/nginx/sites-available/www2

in this file you have to change the default path to your website:
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/www2

in this file you have to make some changes like:
change root /var/www/html; to /var/www/www2
change server_name _; to server_name www2.com;
and save & exit
now to enable your www2 website in terminal type:
cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

ln -s ../sites-available/www2 www2

cd

now to test nginx type:
nginx -t

service nginx restart

To successfully run nginx if you have installed firewall you may need to configure that also.


Boot problems after deleting dual boot Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS with windows 10

Not an answer but I don't have enough rep to comment. Are you able to get into Windows at all? This seems due to the MBR and if you can get into Windows then I would know the steps from there.


I can't trust USB pendrive finished copy in Ubuntu 1404

Try re-copying what you have on the pen drive. Hopefully that will work. Now your question how can I tell if it's done? Assuming you have ubuntu go to the GNOME-System_Monitor and go to the Procceses tab, and when your copying the files the nautilis file manager might be on the top. When it goes down back then the files have probably been copied. Another way is to go under the Performance tab. When you are coping the files the disk might go up on the graph. But when it goes down it is probably done. Finally you can copy the files via terminal. Go to your GNOME-Terminal and type in this command.

cp (File being copied) (Destination folder)

when it is done you will see something like this

nicholas@nicholas-desktop:~$

Also the drive or the drive writer might be corrupted.
In that case you might have to buy a new drive or use a different drive port on your computer.


FlashBuilder 4 Linux -- Debugger disconnects after a while

here's a trick i found useful,

set your debug configuration to launch about:blank and then as its waiting to attach to a debugger, connect to it with the flash context menu by right clicking -> Debugger -> Connect.

http://www.jeffryhouser.com/index.cfm/2007/12/4/Connecting-Flex-3-to-a-running-Debugger-session


remmina no longer working "cannot connect to RDP server localhost"

I have no idea why it worked, but I started changing settings one at a time.  When I edited the connection properties, I looked on the "advanced" tab and changed the security from "negotiate" to "TLS", and voila, everything works.

Strangely, "negotiate" still works on the laptop, but at least I'm back in business with my bigger monitor :)


Based on your comment it seems you have an overscan issue. That can be fixed in two ways.

Via Catalyst Software installed but that might be hard to access due to the overscan issue.

So type the following into terminal. It sets the overscan value to the correct value.

  sudo amdconfig --set-pcs-val=MCIL,DigitalHDTVDefaultUnderscan,0

Hope that helps you. Reboot recommended after you type the command.

PS: Alt-Ctr-T opens terminal, if window is out of view you can drag it by holding down the alt key while drag the window.


14.04 Keyboard Ctrl-L, Super-L, Alt-L register as Shift L for some reason

Your keyboard likely uses the Microdia chipset 0x0c45:0x7603. You can check by running lsusb -v and look for your keyboard in the output.

I wrote a driver for a keyboard with that chipset: https://bitbucket.org/Swoogan/aziokbd/overview

I also blogged about it.


You said in the comments you're using an IP address to connect. IP addresses don't have subdomains since they aren't domains in the first place.

http://example.192.168.0.1 treats example.192.168 as the subdomain and 0.1 as the actual domain. example.192.168.0.1 will just search that text if you have an omnibar like Chrome.

If you want subdomains and virtual hosts, you need an actual domain. There are free options out there, like Dot TK (Now Freenom). Register something there, then set up CloudFlare to have better DNS management.


From here:
http://ewen.mcneill.gen.nz/blog/entry/2014-07-17-mininet-on-ubuntu-14.04-in-kvm/

"WRITE SAME failed. Manually zeroing"

If you get reports of "WRITE SAME failed. Manually zeroing" logged to the console, they seem to be caused by this patch to the SCSI disk driver in Linux 3.7+ (and a later patch which enabled WRITE SAME via the disk mapper path from Linux 3.10 onwards), which enables use of the SCSI "WRITE SAME" command (write multiple blocks with the same content -- Linux seems to use it mostly for ensuring blocks contain all zeros).

The patch defaults to using 0xFFFF (65535) blocks for WRITE SAME, except for certain classes of disks (ATA, USB, and Firewire) which are known not to implement the feature (and will use more if SCSI READ SUPPORTED OPERATION CODES reports more). It appears that particularly for certain virtualised disks (eg, KVM, perhaps only older KVM installs -- my host machine still runs Ubuntu 10.04 LTS), this results in assuming WRITE SAME functionality will work even if it is not supported. (Various people have found this problem, in various kernels; it looks like there is a patch to disable it if it fails)

The work around where it is being inappropriately used is to manually set max_write_same_blocks to 0 for the underlying SCSI devices in the /sys file system -- this needs to be done each boot. The affected SCSI devices can be found with:
find /sys/devices -name max_write_same_blocks

and something needs to write 0 into the file; on machines with systemd people are using /etc/tmpfiles.d to do that. For Ubuntu 14.04 it looks like the simplest solution is to create a simple script called "disable-write-same", (in /usr/local/sbin), that finds all the max_write_same_blocks files, and echos 0 into them -- then add a call to that to /etc/rc.local. (For good measure run the script immediately, to avoid rebooting.)

ETA, 2014-07-31: I also found I needed to do the same thing when installing under VMWare Fusion.


how do i install microsoft office from usb

You can't. MS Office only runs on Windows.

You could try running it on WINE, but no guarantees.

WINE stands for Wine Is Not an Emulator
It is a compatibility layer that allows running Win32 apps on Linux.

However, it is FAR from perfect. Many applications will will simply crash during install or on luanch.

You can install wine with:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine

Then you can try installing office by double-clicking the setup EXE.

It will probably crash during install.


I need step by step guidence to recover grub

EDIT:My problem stemmed from deleting a partition in my hard drive.

1)  If you rebooted your machine and you stuck in grub menu then you can use a live DVD.  After mounting your partition that your Ubuntu OS installed (in my case it switched from sda6 to sda5)

  sudo mount /dev/sda5 /mnt

  sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda

will fix the grub

2) If you delete a partition and you haven't rebooted it yet ( it won't boot since partition tables changed) then you can apply below guide to fix it.
Prior to breakage of grub it was installed on SDA6 partition, since I deleted  partitions, partition table entries got out of order, naturally it won't boot.

sudo fdisk -l to check out a message like partition table entries are not in disk order if you get that message
to fix it; issue commands

sudo fdisk /dev/sda then enter x , f and finally w

what they do

 x (extra functionality - experts only)
 f (fix)
 w (write to disk and exit)

You may get a warning that devices are in use and the new table will be used at the next boot.

It should fix failing of grub at boot.

If you missed above step and you want to reinstall grub check out this link https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB#Install_to_partition_or_partitionless_disk

EDIT:

if you get a message like

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

no worries, it's just a warning message, just reboot your comp and your grub will be detected in the right partition.

Every time you alter partitions in your drive before shut down your comp, you must run  sudo fdisk /dev/sda  to fix partition tables otherwise you end up with missing grub in the next reboot


My Ubuntu won't boot it only boots to busybox

Please start by checking that the download was good. You can use md5sum according to the following link,

Ubuntuhashes

  I looked at your video clip, but it was somewhat difficult to see the
  output. I think you tried to create a persistent live drive with
  Rufus, and there was an error output similar to the following:

(initramfs) mount: mounting /cow on /root failed: invalid argument
overlay mount failed

  If this happened you are adviced to run Rufus such that it does
  not try to create a persistent live drive. You can use 'dd mode'
  in Rufus, and it will create a live-only drive. 'dd mode' is cloning, a very
  reliable way to create a USB boot drive.

Or you can use another tool, for example

in Windows: Win32 Disk Imager
in Ubuntu:

the Ubuntu Startup Disk Creator
Disks alias gnome-disks
mkusb can create both a live-only drive and a persistent live drive with Ubuntu 18.04.x LTS.

Rufus should be able to create a persistent live drive with Ubuntu 19.10, which will be released next month. See also this link.


How to extract aac audio from an mp4 file to m4a

I finally found the solution myself in using mp4 or m4a as output format and adding -vn to prevent also copying the video.

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vn -c:a copy output.m4a

(Source: https://superuser.com/a/706622/180675)

Seems simple now :]

Fast and lossless stripping


Go to terminal and run those commands :

sudo update-grub
sudo os-prober

then reboot.

GRUB should display before booting the OS.


Rootkit scanner with graphical feedback or GUI

You can use the script here to get notified by a zenity Notification on your desktop

see: Run rkhunter regularly on a desktop system


How to properly set up a 'network drive' in Ubuntu 14.04

If you are sharing with Windows , go with CIFS. You can do NFS with windows , but last time I looked it takes more work. See How do I mount a CIFS share? or http://wiki.ubuntu.com/MountWindowsSharesPermanently .

Please update your question with specific details and/or configuration information if you come across a problem.


Terminal output scrolling is gone (Headless 11.10 Server, Upgraded from 10.10)

The behaviour you describe sounds like your terminal was stuck in the full screen "cursor addressing" mode used by tools like less and vi.

The mode can become stuck if those programs do not exit cleanly.  For instance, if you kill -9 them, or are running them through an ssh session that disconnects.  You can exit this terminal mode by running the following command:

tput rmcup

Or just try browsing a file with less and quit as normal.  You should then have access to your scrollback and the contents of the screen when cursor addressing mode was entered.


How can I get the Rhythmbox visualization window back in Rhythmbox?

Hovering a mouse over the visualization, a window appears that allows the selection of the visualization mode.


Why can't I access Ubuntu without my Flash Drive?

you need to change the boot priority in the bios menu.
You are still using the USB drive as the default device in the boot.
Restart your system, get the boot menu and select the hard disk as your device to boot from.


For the /usr/lib/libgfortran.so.3 was not found

1) Get the libgfortran from command line.

apt-get install libgfortran3

2) Once downloaded, located the libgfortran and create a symbolic link to /usr/lib/

ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgfortran.so.3.0.0 /usr/lib/libgfortran.so.3

[You have to find where the libgfortran was downloaded, mine was in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/]

3) Install again ArcReader

Cheers!


How to get this Java -program CPLEX working in Ubuntu 11?

It seems the installer looks for /lib/libc.so.6 and can't find it, and that can be the cause of the error.

In Ubuntu 12.10 that library is stored in /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (32bit) and /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (64bit). So you can try to create a symbolic link to one of those files so the installer finds it:

sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /lib/libc.so.6

If that don't works then you should use locate to find where those library files are stored in 11.10.


Auto config netplan for specific interface

In theory you can configure your networking based on macaddress matching and specify the name for the interface that way.

This is a potential configuration that might work for your needs, assuming you can get the MAC Address for your interface and put it in for the mac address below:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      match:
        macaddress: "de:ad:be:ef:ca:fe"
      dhcp4: true

This will define the network interface name as eth0 which is the old naming convention, but should work regardless of the name set up by predictive interface naming.

This configuration is partially based off of this example in the Netplan examples documentation but with dhcp4 spin on it (and no VLANs).  (This is an untested solution on my part, however, so if this does not solve the issue for you I will remove this answer.)


Check if the floppy module is loaded:

lsmod | grep -i floppy

This command should not return anything. If it returns "floppy" then you have the floppy module loaded and this answer does not solve your problem.

If you want to load the floppy module:

sudo modprobe -v floppy
lsmod | grep -i floppy

Try adding your username in the floppy group:

sudo adduser $USER floppy

You could also try installing fdutils package:

$ apt-cache show fdutils
Package: fdutils
[...]
Description-en: Linux floppy utilities
 This package contains utilities for formatting extra capacity
 disks, automatic floppy disk mounting and unmounting, etc.
 .
 The package includes the following items:
 .
  - superformat: formats high capacity disks (up to 1992k
    for high density disks or up to 3984k for extra density
     disks);
  - fdmount: automatically mounts/unmounts disks when they are
    inserted/removed;
  - xdfcopy: formats, reads and writes OS/2's XDF disks;
  - MAKEFLOPPIES: creates the floppy devices in /dev;
  - getfdprm: prints the current disk geometry (number of
    sectors, track and heads etc.);
  - setfdprm: sets the current disk geometry;
  - fdrawcmd: sends raw commands to the floppy driver;
  - floppycontrol: configures the floppy driver;
  - general documentation about the floppy driver.
 .
 Note that these utilities do not work for USB floppy drives, because
 these do not allow direct access to the floppy controller.
Homepage: http://fdutils.linux.lu/

fdmount seems useful. Try: sudo fdmount -l
Check if your floppy drive is listed here:

nautilus computer://

If you're still facing problems, post the output of the above commands, plus this:

dmesg > dmesg.log
gedit dmesg.log

Post the content of dmesg.log to a pastebin somewhere (i.e. http://www.pastebin.com ) and give us the link.

P.S. You may be suffering from this bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/441835 -- Try:

udisks --mount /dev/fd0


Why doesn't Chromium get quicker updates?

Unfortunately, the last 2 Chromium updates I tried to push out failed verification (bug 819991 and bug 834922).  Recently, the person who was "maintaining" Chromium in Ubuntu also left the project.  I plan on uploading Chromium 14 as soon as possible.


What are the default file permissions for the home folder?

Mine says

root45@Ubuntu:~$ ls -dl
drwxr-xr-x 31 root45 root45 4096 2011-10-31 14:06 .


What's lost+found and where did it come from?

lost+found is the directory in which fsck (filesystem check) will put files it restores from orphaned blocks. This can happen when something corrupts filesystem meta-blocks (also called i-nodes) in which the references of the blocks are stored which contain the data of a file.

Look also at http://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/lostfound.html http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-229143.html


No login screen/Stuck at Ubuntu logo in 18.04

For Ubuntu 18.04, to resolve the issue, I have disabled Wayland in GDM3.

sudo vi /etc/gdm3/custom.conf

  Change #WaylandEnable=false to WaylandEnable=false and reboot the
  system.

This can be done in either of the following ways,

Choose recovery mode, from advance option in grub menu and drop to root shell to modify file /etc/gdm3/custom.conf.
Set nomodeset to login,and follow the above steps. (In my case, I've already set.)
With live dvd or bootable media: make sure the path of your installed drive
/media/ubuntu/XXX/etc/gdm3/custom.conf which can be found with df -h

UPDATE:

It seems like this bug has been fixed with upgrading mutter package, so if the above solution did not work out, try to upgrade mutter package or install Ubuntu 18.04.2 or if you have installed 18.04 then upgrade it with sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade.

If Ubuntu 18.04.2 is installed, then there is no need to disable Wayland.


I lost my wired connection but wifi works fine

One of two things is happening here. either your ethernet drivers are out of date/missing, which is resulting in it not connecting completely, or the cable or router ports that you are connecting to are faulty.

First, you should double check that is isn't the latter by hooking up another computer to the same cable and see what it does.

If that isn't the issue, you could try running this:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-wireless-lucid-generic


Switch between keyboard languages by CLI in GNOME

Already added layouts:

If you already added input-sources via GUI.. get the list with below command

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources sources

Example:

pratap@pratap:~$ gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources sources
[('xkb', 'se'), ('xkb', 'us'), ('xkb', 'ru'), ('xkb', 'de')]
pratap@pratap:~$

Count it from 0, 1, 2 & 3 Once you remember the numbering.. use the below command to change the input-sources (replace the number with your choice)

gdbus call --session --dest org.gnome.Shell --object-path /org/gnome/Shell --method org.gnome.Shell.Eval "imports.ui.status.keyboard.getInputSourceManager().inputSources[2].activate()"

Example:

pratap@pratap:~$ gdbus call --session --dest org.gnome.Shell --object-path /org/gnome/Shell --method org.gnome.Shell.Eval "imports.ui.status.keyboard.getInputSourceManager().inputSources[2].activate()"
(true, '')
pratap@pratap:~$

to add new layouts:

In the similar way, you can add new input-sources with gsettings set command, the order you want and count it from 0, 1, 2 & 3 etc..

and run the gdbus command to switch between input-sources..


How to connect to Windows Server 2008 Remote Desktop with Network Level Authentication Required

As of Ubuntu 12.04, you can use Remmina to connect to Windows servers with Network Level Authentication enabled.

sudo apt-get -y install remmina

Remmina uses FreeRDP for RDP connections and NLA support was added to FreeRDP in version 1.0, which is available to Ubuntu 12.04 and above. If you happen to be using an earlier version of Ubuntu and cannot upgrade, here's an updated version of remmina here, although I can't vouch for its stability: https://launchpad.net/~freerdp-team/+archive/freerdp

If that doesn't work, you might be able to connect directly:

Install the above PPA
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:freerdp-team/freerdp
Install the freerdp package:
sudo apt-get install freerdp
xfreerdp --plugin cliprdr -g 1024x768 -k no -u {username} -d {domain-name} {target-machine}

If you do the latter, you can can always create an alias in ~/.bash_aliases:
alias rdp='xfreerdp --plugin cliprdr -g 1152x864 -k no -u username -d DOMAIN'


How can I automatically connect to wifi + openvpn on startup/resume when "Automatically connect to wifi" is enabled?

The actual steps depend on how OpenVPN was installed, but if it was installed via the package manager (vs built manually or tarball), there should be a startup script already available. If your (single) config file is in /etc/openvpn/, it should be used to start your OpenVPN daemon (background process).

Notes:

https://openvpn.net/community-resources/how-to/#configuring-openvpn-to-run-automatically-on-system-startup
in the past, I recall the extension had to be .conf on linux, and .opvn on windows? (going off memory, I've used several OS's w/ OpenVPN)
add only a single config file to that directory, because by default (it's configurable), openvpn is going to start all config files located there: see /etc/default/openvpn & /etc/init.d/openvpn
This also assumes the authentication info is supplied in the ovpn config file.


MaaS initial pxe boot failure can't find data-source, where is log?

Regarding the last question, after analysing the squashfs image that is handed out by the server when a node is enlisted or commissioned, I found that neither the respective /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg nor any of the entries under /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/ actually contain a single datasource definition, let lone one for MAAS, which is not even documented.

Looks like somebody forgot to include a MAAS datasource in the image's cloud-init config.


Create flexible alias for an application

The EDITOR and VISUAL variables are well-known variables commonly used for this purpose (cron, sudo, bash, etc. use it). Usually, VISUAL takes precedence over EDITOR. However, both are typically used in non-GUI environments. Nothing prevents either from being a GUI program, but they usually aren't.

You can usually respect the user's settings in an desktop environment by using xdg-open. xdg-open relies on various desktop-environment specific tools like gnome-open or kde-open (How does xdg-opendo its work?).

So, in scripts, just do:

xdg-open /some/file
xdg-open proto://some/uri


How to mount an ISO on a SATA Drive so that it can be read as the VDI for VirtualBox?

Add a new DVD drive to your VM.  You can do this from the VM menu by:

Click Storage
Under the "Controller:IDE" item click the first +.
Respond with adding an empty optical drive.

After you save it you can now mount two ISO's at the same time by clicking on the Storage then clicking on the one the Optical drives and selecting the ISO from the "Attributes" Menu.

You can also mount drives by right clicking the Optical drive on the Status bar of the VM and selected the desired ISO from the GUI menu.  You'll find the two available Optical drives you have configured, of which you can attach separate ISO's at the same time.


Ubuntu 14.04 mouse not working but detected

I've been having this problem since I got Ubuntu, My mouse would work for like 30 minutes after each time i started the computer and even though the hardware was visible in lsusb the mouse wouldn't move and the lights on my razer imperator wouldn't light up.  I fixed the issue by removing another USB mouse out of my computer, its been almost 10 hours now and the mouse works fine.  The other mouse probably interfered.


ubuntu 18.04 does not recognize intel graphics card after update

Fixed, using steps 1 and 2 of the answer here:
Ubuntu 18.04 not working with Intel Integrated Graphics

It explains how to force Xorg to use intel drivers.
It is still a mystery why it stopped using them in the first place.


Your drivers are included with the kernel. For this reason you do not have to install any proprietary drivers via 'Additional Drivers'.

If you would like you can add the following:

  sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

This will enable information to be displayed about your drivers in System Information.

I have never bothered though so it is totally optional to do so.


Shell script to start a new process but close the terminal window

You can detach it from your current process with nohup and &

if [ $1 = "groovy" ]
then
    cd Works/Groovy/groovy-1.8.6/bin
    nohup ./groovyConsole &
fi

This would leave the command groovyConsole running until you kill it.
This does not close the terminal window though buy you do that like this ...

sh Starter.sh groovy && exit


This is called an accordion effect, it is still present in Unity in 11.10. If you move the mouse over the launcher the effect disappears, all icons expand, and you need to scroll up and down to see them.


SSD temperature sensor readout with hddtemp

Sorry but I can't comment...anyway

Hddtemp usually reads field 194 from the smart data of the hard disk but in this case the info from the sensor is stored in field 190. With that command you tell hddtemp to read the value of field 190 for that particular model.

To check:

smartctl -a /device

hddtemp --debug /device

In both cases field 190 shows the temperature of the hard disk, (eg. 190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel)


Removing Virtualbox-5.1 in a stuck state

I had the same problem, but just a little bit differently. I tried to reinstall virtualbox (switching from distro to official release) and it failed to uninstall, so I could not remove or install the new copy. I managed to fix the issue by creating an empty file:
/usr/lib/virtualbox/prerm-common.sh

Edit: Make the file executable with chmod +x /usr/lib/virtualbox/prerm-common.sh

Then running sudo apt-get remove virtualbox


Picasa is being officially dropped for Linux, here

http://googleblog.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/spring-cleaning-in-spring.html

  We launched a WINE-based version of Picasa for Linux in 2006 as a
  Google Labs project. As we continue to enhance Picasa, it has become
  difficult to maintain parity on the Linux version. So today, we’re
  deprecating Picasa for Linux and will not be maintaining it moving
  forward. Users who have downloaded and installed older versions of
  Picasa for Linux can continue to use them, though we won’t be making
  any further updates.

The Linux Picasa Homepage doesn't exists anymore.

Though you can still use it using wine.


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS fails to boot after Linux kernel update and restart on Intel® Core™ i7-3720QM CPU @ 2.60GHz × 8 laptop

One thing you can try right off the bat is to boot up your computer while holding the left SHIFT key until you get to the GRUB prompt. Then select an older Kernel version to boot using the arrow keys and enter key. You may have to choose "Advanced Options" to get to the kernel versions.

Failing that, you can try booting with Recovery Mode, also from that same Grub menu. For backing up, this answer should help you access the files on your hard drive while booted with the Live CD. How do I get root access to hard drive from livecd?

If you still cannot access your hard-drive files, they may be encrypted. Try this answer to access encrypted drives & files: How to recover encrypted home data with Live CD?


I don't know what is the problem actually! but i had the same problem, hotspot works fine only at the fist time.
so i just did sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade and changed hotspot ssid with nm-connection-editor command then with turned on wifi and turned off airplane mode, i opened hotspot again and my hotspot is working properly now.


Automatic kernel security updates no long being installed

The linux-generic package is not installed for some reason. That's why you do not get kernel updates.

You can install it by running:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic


Acer Aspire 5742 HDD activity pilot light is always on when I insert a SD card

I have an Acer Aspire 5755-6699 and I was wondering the exact same thing. Except I didn't figure it out until I decided to put the SD card back into my Nikon DSLR. I guess it's a hardware feature of the Acer laptops. It happens when I boot Ubuntu as well as Windows 7. Laptop isn't running any slower with or without the SD card in it regardless of the HDD indication light. Hope this answers your question, or at least puts you in the right direction. Cheers!


Does the size of your home directory affect startup performance?

The size of your home folder, and of your connected drives in general, will generally not affect general performance. In theory, a larger drive could require some more time for checking, which would affect startup times. However, with journaling filesystems, such as the default filesystem ext4, this is not of any practical concern.


How to fix 500 Internal Server Error using AuthConf in HTTPD?

Check your webserver error logs.  They should detail the specifics of the 500 error.


I want files in fat32 partition to be shown in my personal folder

This should be very easy to do.  You can easily mount the drive wherever you wish.  I would recommend mounting it in the directory /mnt, then possibly creating links to different directories within the drive, to the conventional Music, Pictures, Video, etc directories in you home directory.  Here is my suggestion.

Create a directory called /mnt/shared.  You will need to use a terminal commandline to create this: sudo mkdir /mnt/shared.  You can then take ownership of this directory using the command sudo chown yourname:yourname, where "yourname" is your login name.

Mount the partition in /mnt/shared.  To make it permanent, you will create an entry in /etc/fstab using a text editor such as "gedit".  The first thing you need to do is to find the UUID of the partition (the UUID is a unique ID for the partition that never changes).  To do this, enter sudo blkid and find the correct partition.  It will list logical names, labels, UUIDs, and types.  You will want to copy the UUID to the clipboard for pasting into the file.  This is the part within the double quotes after "UUID=".  Also, make note of the "TYPE"; I don't have any FAT32, so I'm not sure what it will say.

As suggested in the comment by ObsessiveFOSS below, you might want to make a backup copy of the fstab file before editing just in case.

Enter the command gksu gedit /etc/fstab and add a line at the end that will look like this (substitute the UUID you copied for the ###### part):

UUID=######### /mnt/shared vfat user,rw,umask=111,dmask=000 0 0

Save the file, but don't close it yet, and test using this command: sudo mount -a.  This will mount everything in fstab, and output an error if there is one.  If there is no error, you should be able to access the drive at /mnt/shared.

If there are any errors, you can try correcting them right away and repeating the command sudo mount -a if you think you see the error.  If not, and you need more advice, I would advise disabling the command temporarily by adding a pound sign at the beginning, which makes it into a comment.  This way, you won't inadvertently reboot with errors in the file, although this is usually harmless, especially with the new entry at the end of the file.  A disabled entry would look like this:

# UUID=nnnnnnn /mnt/shared vfat user,rw,umask=111,dmask=000 0 0

Then, if you have a directory such as "Pictures" in this directory, you can create a soft link to it in ~/Pictures if the existing Pictures is empty by deleting the existing directory, and creating a link.  The easiest way to do this is to use Nautilus, and in your home directory, right-click on "Pictures" and choose "Make Link", delete the existing "Pictures", rename the new link to "Pictures", then copy and paste the files from /mnt pictures folder into this one.

Alternatively, you can create links with new names in your Home directory.

Edit:  Creating links to FAT32 files/folders

It seems that Nautilus will not create a link on a FAT32 partition, and there's no way to use Nautilua to create a link on the target drive, so I think the links will have to be made using the terminal (I can't test due to no FAT32 partitions).

To create a link to the entire shared directory, you can enter something like this command:

ln -s /mnt/shared ~/shared-drive   (-s is for symbolic link)

You can also create multiple links to directories within the shared drive.  You must specify the entire path to the linked drive - it can't be a relative path.


Go here http://smashingweb.info/install-flash-player-on-ubuntu-12-04/ or goto the software center and install the restricted extras


Can't boot to Ubuntu, after messing with GRUB file

If you still have access to Linux, try using Grub Customizer.
http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2014/04/install-grub-customizer-ubuntu-1404/
See if you can find your old Ubuntu partition, put it at the top of the list (it doesn't necessarily have to be at the top of the list. I just suggested the top so that it would boot automatically if you don't press any keys within 10 seconds) and save the file.


output ascii art in a red color on terminal

While tput is very handy for mobile environments, ASCII colouring is always an alternative:

echo -e "\x1B[31m MR ROBOT \x1B[0m"

will output the term MR ROBOT in red font.

\x1B[31m = RED
\x1B[32m = GREEN
\x1B[96m = Blue
\x1B[01;95m = PURPLE
\x1B[01;94m = VIOLET
\x1B[01;93m = Yellow
\x1B[01;91m = ORANGE
\x1B[01;90m = GREY
\x1B[01;89m = WHITE
\x1B[0m = Back to your terminal's default colour

Related: How to change the output color of echo in Linux on Stack Overflow


How to get intel 82845 graphic drivers for ubuntu?

I am assuming you installed Ubuntu 11.10.

The last sentence of your questions tells all you need to know: You dont need anything for Ubuntu (not in your case anyways).

Intel has been one of the companies supplying the open-source community with good support, their drivers are already included in the packages of most Linux distros.

You dont need any graphics drivers to install in your system. Just update it, thats is enough.


Ubuntu not displayed in Windows boot manager

Prajwal,

I had to deal with the same issue over and over again just a few days ago, so I hope any advice I can provide will help.

'v2r' referred you to a great link, but if that didn't solve your problem, this might help.

upon bootup,
enter your BIOS (sometimes it may be the 'del' key, or it could be function keys depending on how you machine is built).

get into advanced settings / and get to your boot up settings

Be sure to use 'page up / page down to set the priority list so your boot device is the 1st one. If it is through a USB port, make sure the all usb options are in order.

then reboot your machine

After you do this, you may need to continuously press F10 or F8 (depending on your machine) and this will allow you to boot from the live disk... be it optical or USB

Prajwal, as you know there are a lot of variables involved in this process, and its hard to understand the details without a screen share or a better understanding of your machine components, but I hope I provided some help.

like 'v2r' mentioned, there are a tons of available resources available that are probably more reliable than any advice I can provide, but I thought I would do my best to help a fellow Linux user.

Just think of it as a two step process on stubborn machines

1.set up boot order in BIOS
2.get into bios and verify
3.run

Good Luck


Please try a sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get update after changing your software mirrors :)


The command you are trying to run is:

sudo fdisk -l

That last character is a lowercase L, not the number 1. A lot of commands in Linux take options that are usually specified by a hyphen and then a character, for example -l, -i, or -h. That character is usually a letter.

Sometimes, an option could also include a number, but it usually comes after a letter as well, for example:

du -d1 /path/to/folder

The command is du and the option being passed is -d1, that's a d followed by the number 1.


Too much noise while recording sound from mic on 14.04 LTS

Type in the terminal alsamixer. It will open the present levels, adjust the microphone level at 75 and set the microphone boss level to 50. Worked for me perfectly and removed the noise from microphone.


Right clicking a file, Can't delete files/folders, no option to delete.

Make the current user owns everything inside the folder,itself as well as the parent folder.

chown $USER -R /desired.folder


Ah Linux, where there's usually an answer, but it's different for everyone. Maybe I can get you started. Ubuntu 12.10 picked up an upstream change that automounts media in a directory that changes by user ID. (Justification for the change can be found at freedesktop.org.) You want a static location shared by all users.

The quick and dirty fix is to symlink all your users' mount points back up to the shared directory, something like sudo ln -s /media/$USER/* /media/. See How to configure the default automount location? Note a comment by rocko in that reference claiming a better, general solution is coming in Ubuntu 13.04.

In 12.10 a solution better than the symlink hack is to arrange a static mount point in /etc/fstab. In my case, I have a USB CDROM drive, and this works as far as I've tested it:

Find the symlink for the CDROM device in udev rules:
cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-cd.rule
in my case, there was a series of entries for my PLDS_DVD device including one with SYMLINK+="cdrom", meaning the device shows up at /dev/cdrom.
Create a suitable static mount point:
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom
Link these things together in /etc/fstab with a line like this:
/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 ro,user,noauto,unhide
Create a Samba share using path=/mnt/cdrom (you know how to do this already)

I'm just piecing things together here, and honestly I haven't tested this whole series in exactly this way, but you should be able to share the CD after some user, any user, manually mounts: mount /mnt/cdrom.


This was an intermittent issue due to an erroneous upload of python-django to the Cloud installer PPA which has subsequently been resolved.


Accidentally installed wrong network drivers on Ubuntu Desktop - How to set to default settings?

Regarding the wi-fi drivers...

sudo dkms remove bcmwl/6.30.223.271+bdcom --all # remove this dkms driver
sudo dkms remove rtlwifi-new/0.10 --all         # remove this dkms driver

See `man dkms` for command assistance, if need be.

sudo apt-get update                             # update the software database
sudo apt-get install broadcom-sta-dkms          # install this dkms driver

dkms status                                     # review current dkms status

Regarding the bluetooth drivers/problem...

Please describe if your bluetooth problem got resolved with the installation of the btusb driver. What were you trying to fix?

btusb, 4.0, 4.13.0-45-generic, x86_64: installed

Update #1:

btusb is not installed on your current kernel. You need to sudo dkms remove btusb/4.0 --all to get this old driver out of your system. Then find a current dkms driver and reinstall it on your current kernel.

Also, check this out here.

Update #2:

The user is now booting to the 4.13 kernel, but still has kernel drivers that are not needed, or are not fully installed.

The bcmwl driver needs replacement with the broadcom-sta-dkms driver, as per my previous instructions.

If you're using a Realtek USB wireless dongle, then rtlwifi-new driver needs to have its install completed, with...

sudo dkms install rtlwifi-new/0.10

otherwise, you should remove it, as per my previous instructions.


You can install Caffeine Gnome shell extension https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/517/caffeine/

If you don't have extensions installed this link shows you how.

You will need to:

 sudo apt install chrome-gnome-shell

after which you can select the required extension.


Open up a terminal and enter alsamixer. Navigate with the left and right arrows, unmute by pressing m and change the volume by using up or down.

Out of all of the solutions I have tried this is the only one that worked on my Intel® Core™2 CPU T7600 @ 2.33GHz × 2 Macbook Pro.  And it is so easy to do!


Ubuntu 18.04 not booting after Windows 10 install

Assuming that Windows was installed after Ubuntu, boot in Windows and open cmd prompt in admin mode. Run this cmd line:

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

The computer should boot into Ubuntu directly. Open the terminal and update Grub:

sudo update-grub

If you see Win Boot Manager, you'll be set to go. The actual Grub menu (screenshot) is the result of Grub repair and there is no need of using it, since the problem is on the Windows side.


How do i fix 'Error:Opening the cache...' or 'The package list or status file could not be parsed'?

As we discussed, the problem is with your download server, found in "Software & Updates" tab 1. Change to another server and it'll work fine.


Graphics glitches - red and purple flickering pixels

I've tested the graphics card in another computer where it had the same issues, and then had it replaced by the store I bought it at. The new card doesn't have this issue, so it looks like this was a hardware issue.


Start a screen session and run a script without attaching to it?

Method 1

I created a demo setup you described here in my machine. I also faced the issue you reported. But adding a small line of script solved my issue.

I added the following line at the end of myprogram

exec $SHELL

After your script is finished, the Bash process will replace itself with a new invocation of itself.

Method 2

Or you can try the following method in which we start a detached screen first and send command to that screen using stuff

For this first you need to start a detached screen.

screen -dmS MySessionName

And then send the script to that screen.

screen -S MySessionName -p 0 -X stuff 'myprogram\n'

This also worked for me.


Diff reports difference but both lines are the same

1st line: a stands for added, d for deleted and c for changed. Line numbers of the original file appear before these letters and those of the modified file appear after the letter.

2nd line: line with < are from file 1 and are different from file 2.

3rd line is a divider.

4th line: line with > are from file 2 and are different from file 1.

(If you ever see = it means the lines are the same in both files)

And your problem might be whitespaces or other non-human readable characters: those trigger a difference too.

There are some options to manipulate output.

Example:

rinzwind@discworld:~$ more 1
test
test2
test3
rinzwind@discworld:~$ more 2
test
test2
test3

contexted format:

rinzwind@discworld:~$ diff -c  1 2
*** 1   2011-08-13 17:05:40.433966684 +0200
--- 2   2011-08-13 17:11:24.369966629 +0200
***************
*** 1,3 ****
  test
! test2
  test3
--- 1,3 ----
  test
! test2
  test3

A "!" represents a change between lines that correspond in the two files. A "+" represents the addition of a line, while a blank space represents an unchanged line. At the beginning of the patch is the file information, including the full path and a time stamp. At the beginning of each hunk are the line numbers that apply for the corresponding change in the files. A number range appearing between sets of three asterisks applies to the original file, while sets of three dashes apply to the new file. The hunk ranges specify the starting and ending line numbers in the respective file.

Expanding on Lekensteyn's comment about unified format:

rinzwind@discworld:~$ diff -u  1 2
--- 1   2011-08-13 17:05:40.433966684 +0200
+++ 2   2011-08-13 17:11:24.369966629 +0200
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 test
-test2
+test2
 test3

The format starts with the same two-line header as the context format, except that the original file is preceded by "---" and the new file is preceded by "+++". Following this are one or more change hunks that contain the line differences in the file. The unchanged, contextual lines are preceded by a space character, addition lines are preceded by a plus sign, and deletion lines are preceded by a minus sign.

Some useful options:

-b Ignore changes in the amount of white space.

-w Ignore all white space.

-B Ignore all blank lines.

-y output in 2 colums.


Japanese Anthy(ibus) not working for Skype 2.2 Beta?

Not sure, but if you update your Skype Client to version 4.0, maybe your problem will be solved!

http://skype.com/intl/de/get-skype/on-your-computer/linux/


Why is Wubi copying files so slowly, mostly with no hard drive activity? (11.04)

Following the advice in the comments, it seems that disabling the Wifi sped things up. I don't know if the system kept trying to connect to one of the networks instead of copying files or something.

Alternatively, if the Wifi wasn't what helped, then just keep trying. For me, the install finished on the third attempt.


Configuration Editor does not show active plugins under Screen0

It simply means that the gconf settings have been migrated to the dconf database (See When to use gconf vs dconf?).

You'll now find the active-plugins list in the dconf-editor:

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

You can edit this list and put both 'expo' and 'scale' plugins at the end to make them work the way you want.


Catalyst 15.7: Could it run on Ubuntu 15.04

Now fglrx driver 15.7 also known as 15.20 is in Ubuntu repositories for trusty, vivid and wily releases.

It can be installed by running

sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates

and it was there some time before AMD officially released Catalyst 15.7.


Dual boot with Windows 10 on separate hard drives

Switching boot modes (BIOS vs. EFI) is a bit awkward with most computers, and there's seldom a real need to do is. When there is such a need, it's to support OSes that require different boot modes -- for instance, OS X (EFI) and Windows XP (BIOS) on a Mac. Macs can handle this a bit more seamlessly than PCs, but they typically require an ugly and dangerous hybrid MBR to do the job. That's going off on a side track, though....

In terms of Ubuntu, the only reasons I can think of for booting in both BIOS and EFI modes have to do with developers working on boot issues and individuals wanting to learn about the boot modes. In both cases, IMHO using installations in virtual machines is likely to be a better option, since the installations will be closer to the relevant standard setups.

If you really must do it on a real machine, you'll need:

At least one disk partitioned with the GUID Partition Table (GPT).

If you have two disks, the second can use the older Master Boot Record (MBR) system.
MBR can be used for EFI-mode booting, but some EFIs react badly to it and the Ubuntu installer will (IIRC) refuse to install in EFI mode to an MBR disk, so as a practical matter MBR is a bad choice for EFI-mode booting. GPT, OTOH, can be used in both modes, although it sometimes causes problems in BIOS mode.

Assuming a 1-disk GPT setup and GRUB as the BIOS-mode boot loader, the GPT disk must contain a ~1MiB BIOS Boot Partition to handle BIOS-mode booting.
The disk must have an EFI System Partition (ESP) to hold the EFI boot loader.

You can install in either BIOS mode or EFI mode, which will install the version of GRUB for that boot mode. After installation, you'll need to install the boot loader for the other boot mode. Doing this using APT will be tricky at best, since the EFI-mode and BIOS-mode GRUB packages are mutually exclusive; installing one will remove the other. Thus, you'll need to install one package in some way other than APT.

Alternatively, you can move away from GRUB for one boot loader. One particularly good choice is my rEFInd boot manager. rEFInd is an EFI-mode boot manager that has the ability to shift from EFI-mode to BIOS-mode booting. That feature is disabled by default, but can be enabled by uncommenting the scanfor line in refind.conf and ensuring that hdbios is among the options. When so configured, rEFInd will enable directly booting Linux kernels in EFI mode (without using GRUB) or switching to BIOS mode to boot via your BIOS-mode GRUB (or other BIOS-mode boot loader). Note, however, that this procedure doesn't work on all computers; some lack the necessary support.

If you don't use rEFInd, you'll have to use your computer's built-in boot manager to switch boot modes. This can often be done by hitting Esc, Enter, or a function key at boot time, but details vary greatly from one computer to another. Using this feature will require both a BIOS-mode GRUB and an EFI-mode boot loader be installed.

Overall, setting everything up correctly is likely to be a pain, and the configuration will be more delicate than a more conventional single-mode boot. Using the built-in EFI boot manager can be a nuisance, but rEFInd can help with that a bit.


Cinelerra-HV is the non community version of cinelerra (Heroine Virtual LTD maintained) and does not have ppa. Cinelerra-HV is original author's version cinelerra from Adam Williams http://www.heroinewarrior.com/cinelerra.php

If your system 64-bit, you can run HV 6 (pre-compiled package) without installation. https://sourceforge.net/projects/heroines/files
(choose cinelerra-6-x86_64.tar.xz   2016-11-17  43.6 MB).

If your system 32-bit, you should compile it yourself.

However, compilation of Cinelerra-HV is not a trivial task for newbies.
You should install all dependencies.

Some info can be found on my blog http://linuxvideoediting.blogspot.com/2016/11/compilation-cinelerra-hv-6.0.html
But it is in Russian.

Cinelerra-GG 5.1 is the merging CV 2.3 + HV 6.

https://cinelerra-cv.org/download.php

Any questions - here -> http://lists.cinelerra-cv.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/cinelerra

Note that settings directories of HV and CV have the same name  /home/user/.bcast

Do not forget to remove settings directory before running a other branch.

Settings directory of Cinelerra-GG  is  /home/user/.bcast5


Script to Capture VHS Tapes Using the Hauppauge 610 USB-Live 2 Analog Video Digitizer and Video Capture Device

This script has been efficient for me for digitizing home VHS's. You'll need VLC Media Player and FFmpeg if you want to convert to mp4 for ideal compression level. Adjust v4l2:///dev/video0 :input-slave=alsa://hw:2,0 (video and audio input) if needed according to your machine. You can find this information by using VLC and going to Media > Capture Device. There you can see the Video device name and Audio device name.

It is an mpeg2 device. Using VLC to encode directly to mp4 or h264 will produce video with lips out of sync. This is why I first encode to mpeg2 and then process to mp4. FFmpeg here is set to use 3 of 4 CPU cores so it does not max out the CPU. You'll want to adjust -threads 3 according to your CPU. If you're not sure, -threads 3 can be removed. Be sure to mark the script as executable before using: chmod +x your-script-name

#!/bin/bash

# Enter the name of the file.
read -p "Enter file name: " filename

# Enter how many minutes.
read -p "How many minutes? (If left blank by hitting enter, the default is 124 minutes.): " minutes
if [ -z "$minutes" ]; then
    minutes=124
fi

# Remove any spaces in the file name.
filename=$(echo "$filename" | sed 's/ /-/g')

# This is for metadata. It will show up in the media player playlist or after clicking Properties (in OS X Info) on the file context menu.
read -p "Enter a description: " details

# Turn off sleep. You can uncomment this only if using Xfce.
# xfconf-query -c xfce4-power-manager -p /xfce4-power-manager/inactivity-on-ac -s 14

# Create Videos directory if not there.
if ! [ -d $HOME/Videos ]; then mkdir $HOME/Videos; fi

# Encode video.
timeout --foreground ${minutes}m cvlc v4l2:///dev/video0 :input-slave=alsa://hw:2,0 :v4l2-standard=NTSC :live-caching=300 --sout '#transcode{vcodec=mp2v,acodec=mpga,ab=128,channels=2,samplerate=48000,fps=29.97,deinterlace}:std{access=file{no-overwrite},mux=ts,dst='$HOME/Videos/$filename.ts'}'

# Convert to libx264 to compress further, add in the metadata comments, and keep CPU usage to 75%.
ffmpeg -i $HOME/Videos/$filename.ts -s 720x480 -c:v libx264 -preset medium -crf 22 -acodec copy -metadata comment="$details" -threads 3 $HOME/Videos/$filename.mp4


Is installing Kali Tools from Katoolin same as using Kali Linux itself?

Katoolin is the best method to use Kali Tools on Ubuntu.

It's an easy method, but the result is sub par. I wouldn't call it the best thus giving the impression that it's a great piece of software one can use without risk. Removal is tricky too.

  However it states a warning like: "Please remove all Kali repositories before updating the system".

That's not exactly what it says, this is:

    Before updating your system , please remove all Kali-linux repositories to avoid any kind of problem .

There is superfluous white space and also no sense for least privilege in the instructions¹ or where to put scripts to execute them².

Back to topic:

  to avoid any kind of problem

Similar to how Ubuntu itself disables third party repositories during release upgrades and how it does specific checks to ensure that the upgrade will be successful this warning has been put there to tell the user that the autor cannot ensure that everything will be working the way he intended if there are other active kali repositories. That's all.

Is Katoolin the same as Kali?

Katoolin installs a lot of packages from the Kali and Ubuntu repositories on a fresh typical Ubuntu desktop to make the tools work, just as it says. The OS installation may be heavily modified but is still based on Ubuntu. The amount of changes however may be to broad to get support here on AskUbuntu, but it's not 100% equal to the changes made in Kali either.

Ubuntu is still running it's own kernel after Katoolin has completed, there is no customized Kali kernel.

Should you use it?

No. Kali has a specific usecase, use it when you need it or learn to use the tools you actually need on any Linux distribution you want without breaking the distro. If things are unclear or broken on Kali, ask the Kali users and developers, for anything else ask the users and developers of the respective distribution. If you mix both topics you can be certain that only very few people will care to spend their valuable time.

Option dialogs that came up during installation

I tried to install all the tools the script offered on a Yakkety VM, nothing bad happened, here are my notes:

kismet: asked for elevated privileges/setuid
openvas-scanner: required redis datbase
wireshark-common: offered an option, but defaulted to no
macchanger: offered an option, but defaulted to no

Running sudo su followed by a git clone then copying the script and adding permissions, then calling the script with sudo while already being root.
~/bin/ or /usr/local/bin/ would have been better. If the author would have been a bit more considerate he would have found Google's repo command which is also a python script fetched from the web to bootstrap a complex process.


Yes your card should support AMDGPU, see here

The installation steps from AMD are

mkdir /tmp
cd tmp
wget https://www2.ati.com/drivers/linux/amdgpu-pro_16.30.3-315407.tar.xz
tar -Jxvf amdgpu-pro_16.30.3-315407.tar.xz
cd amdgpu-pro_16.30.3-315407
amdgpu-pro-driver/amdgpu-pro-install

Ensure that your user account is a member of the "video" group prior to using the vulkan driver. You can find which groups you are a member of with the following command:

groups

If not add yourself

sudo usermod -a -G video $LOGNAME

That should be it, to check it installed

dpkg -l amdgpu-pro

To remove it

amdgpu-pro-uninstall


Gnome shell online accounts fails connection

The solution is simple: go to Network settings and turn your proxy settings to none.


Activities button in Ubuntu 20.04 not working

I had a similar issue that was caused by the "Appfolders management extension" GNOME extension.

If you're using that extension, this post might help you disable the extension and get your applications list working again.


Remove Evolution integration from Gnome 3

Evolution is (by design) tightly integrated into gnome 3 and you can not easily remove it. Some people have used thunderbird in place of evolution. Removing the evolution package is likely going to break gnome.

I suggest:

File a bug report(s).
Learn to overlook evolutions short comings.
Or use an alternate desktop (Unity, KDE, XFCE ...)


Anything like Scroll Lock key in the bash of Linux subsystem in windows 10

Either use Ctrl S/Ctrl Q to stop/resume output, or:

Read man less:

   -r or --raw-control-chars
          Causes "raw" control characters to be displayed.  The default is
          to display control characters  using  the  caret  notation;  for
          example, a control-A (octal 001) is displayed as "^A".  Warning:
          when the -r option is used, less cannot keep track of the actual
          appearance  of  the screen (since this depends on how the screen
          responds to each type  of  control  character).   Thus,  various
          display  problems  may result, such as long lines being split in
          the wrong place.

   -R or --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS
          Like -r, but only ANSI "color" escape sequences  are  output  in
          "raw"  form.   Unlike  -r,  the  screen appearance is maintained
          correctly in most cases.   ANSI  "color"  escape  sequences  are
          sequences of the form:

               ESC [ ... m

          where  the  "..." is zero or more color specification characters
          For the purpose of keeping  track  of  screen  appearance,  ANSI
          color  escape sequences are assumed to not move the cursor.  You
          can make less think that characters other than "m" can end  ANSI
          color  escape  sequences  by  setting  the  environment variable
          LESSANSIENDCHARS to the list of characters which can end a color
          escape  sequence.   And  you can make less think that characters
          other than the standard ones may appear between the ESC and  the
          m  by  setting  the environment variable LESSANSIMIDCHARS to the
          list of characters which can appear.

and do ll --color=always | less -R


As you happen to know your Hardware why don't you give this a try?

Click on the volume icon and go to sound preferences.
Under the hardware tab, select the correct hardware in case it has changed.

Under the output tab select the same thing you selected in the hardware tab.

Lastly see if anything is muted. If so un-mute it. :)


How to access the internet on 64 bit UBUNTU through wine?

Unless you're a diehard fan of that particular youtube downloader app, save yourself the hassle of setting it up in wine and, like Wilf suggested, just grab a native downloader like youtube-dl instead.

Instructions:

Open a terminal window by pressing ctrl+alt+t
Enter the following commands to install youtube-dl

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8 -y
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install youtube-dl
Download your videos by entering the following command into any terminal window

youtube-dl http://youtube.com/watch?v=[VIDEO_CODE]

e.g.

youtube-dl http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxD_kWK8A5M
For more advanced usage instructions, like downloading videos in a particular format, or downloading multiple videos at once, see this article.


Why does remote server over ssh prompt for password even if I locked user?

A locked password doesn't mean the system won't ask for a password. It will ask for a password but it is impossible to give a correct password and login. That's how it works. If you unlock the password the old password will be reset.

From man passwd:

   -l, --lock
       Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it
       adds a ´!´ at the beginning of the password).

       Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To
       disable the account, administrators should use usermod --expiredate 1 (this set the account's expire date to Jan 2, 1970).

   -u, --unlock
       Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value
       before using the -l option).

I'm not sure that when the manual says it adds a ! to the beginning of the password is correct, I think it adds that ! to the beginning of the hashed value in /etc/shadow. Please correct me if I'm wrong.


I got a black screen every time Ubuntu boots, and I can't get to the GRUB menu

This black/blank screen is caused by nouveau kernel drivers.

  Nouveau is the open-source graphics driver for NVIDIA graphics cards.

They should be disabled at grub during boot or tty before you login.

SOLUTION A

You need to update your grub with nouveau.modeset=0 at the line starting with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="

  You can do this by clicking e at boot time to edit grub or before you login by switching to tty.
  To switch to tty click on ctrl + alt + f3/f4

In tty login and type

nano /etc/default/grub

to edit grub. Type nouveau.modeset=0 after quiet splash to disable loading of nouveau kernel drivers.
Then type

sudo bash -c "echo blacklist nouveau > /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf"
sudo bash -c "echo options nouveau modeset=0 >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf"

Confirm the content of the new modprobe config file:

cat /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf

  It should have an output similar to the one below:

blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0

Update kernel initramfs

  Enter the following linux command to regenerate initramfs:

sudo update-initramfs -u

Update Grub

  Enter the following command to update grub

sudo update-grub

Reboot your computer.

sudo reboot

SOLUTION B

To disable the Nouveau kernel driver:

Remove the installed NVIDIA drivers:

sudo apt-get purge "nvidia*"
sudo apt autoremove

Create a new file named /etc/modprobe.d/disable-nouveau.conf with the following lines:

blacklist nouveau
blacklist lbm-nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0
alias nouveau off
alias lbm-nouveau off

Append this line to /etc/modprobe.d/nouveau-kms.conf:

options nouveau modeset=0

Update the boot environment for your kernel:

sudo update-initramfs -u

Reboot your computer and you should get a low resolution GUI which indicates that nouveau graphics driver is not being used.

SOLUTION C

Cleanup all nvidia package ( remove all nvidia related packages).

sudo apt-get remove nvidia* && sudo apt autoremove

  If you get the following error it means that you never had an nvidia package installed and is ok:

no matches found: nvidia*

Now install some required dependencies:

sudo apt-get install dkms build-essential linux-headers-generic

Black list nouveau driver (block and disable nouveau kernel driver)

sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Append the follow lines to the blacklist.conf:

blacklist nouveau
blacklist lbm-nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0
alias nouveau off
alias lbm-nouveau off

Disable the Kernel nouveau by typing the following commands:

echo options nouveau modeset=0 | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/nouveau-kms.conf

Update the boot environment for your kernel:

sudo update-initramfs -u

Finally update and reboot:

reboot

I hope this helps.

References

How to disable nouveau driver link 1
How to disable nouveau driver link 2
How to remove nouveau kernel driver
How to remove nouveau-kernel-driver-Nvidia-install


Session is restarted continuously without request (Ubuntu 11.10)

Just a hunch you could have upgraded to an Nvidia driver which has been known to crash X.org in 11.10 and 12.04. The symptoms sound similar: suddenly you find yourself back at the Lightdm login screen. Typically, this happens when web browsing, often with Flash in the page (but sometimes not). No warning. Just a dropped session. Seems random. Let's first verify that you have the problem.

Check to see if you have the Nvidia driver. Launch nvidia-settings and look for the Nvidia driver version. The problems are with the default version installed (295.40) and later. If that's the version shown, you should verify you're getting the same X.org crash.

Next time your system crashes (or if you know when it last crashed), you can check your syslog for the error. Use  System Tools > Log File Viewer in the menu, then click on syslog. Scroll until you're around the time of the crash and look for a line that contains: "Gdk-WARNING: gnome-session: Fatal IO error 11 (Resource temporarily unavailable) on X server" If you have the Nvidia driver and see that error, you know you have run into the Nvidia driver bug.

Here's how to downgrade to the previous Nvidia driver version that works.

Find the 290.10 version in Launchpad. I found the AMD 64 version here: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/precise/amd64/nvidia-current/290.10-0ubuntu2. The download link is on the right side. Download it to your home folder.

Now deactivate the old driver by opening a terminal and type "jockey-gtk". Select the driver that's got the green dot next to it and select the "Remove" button. Close it when it's done.

Now we're going to install the new driver. Type the command "sudo dpkg -i nvidia-current_290.10-0ubuntu2_precise_amd64.deb" to install that version. It will ask you for your password. It will take a while as it runs a kernel module version sanity check, but it will finish.

You'll want to force and lock that version so it doesn't get upgraded by accident. There's probably a quick way to do this command-line, but I use synaptic to make it easy. Install synaptic (run: sudo apt-get install synaptic) and launch it with "sudo synaptic". Search for the package we just installed. It will just be named nvidia-current. You should select Package > Force Version, and choose 290.10, and hit "Force". Now lock it in place by choosing Package > Lock Version from Synaptic's menu. The line in Synaptic will turn red, but have a green square with a lock icon on the right.

Now it's time to activate it by re=launching jockey-gtk from the command line. Select "version-current" and choose "Activate". You'll get the green dot next to it again. Close jockey-gtk.

Reboot. Let's make sure everything's in place. Go to nvidia-settings again and check the driver version to make sure you are running 295.10. You may have to reinstall nvidia-settings (sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings). If the version number says 290.10, you should experience no more sudden session losses.


Try to clone the MAC address of one of your network cards from the other laptops, and use it in Ubuntu for eth0 / dhcp cable connection. See if you get the same problems with the other laptops which are running Windows once you cloned the mac address from a computer running Windows to the one running Ubuntu.

My guess is that your ISP does not allow you to use your Internet connection for more than 1-2 computers, and this is why you get these errors. Maybe they want you to pay something extra to be able to use more computers with the same connection...?


Processing Nikon D5300 Raw images in Ubuntu

https://launchpad.net/~dhor/+archive/ubuntu/myway  update DCRAW with this PPA and the latest DCRAW supports D5300.


It is not error 500. It is priority 500. From man apt-cache:

  policy [pkg...]

    policy is meant to help debug issues relating to the preferences
               file. With no arguments it will print out the priorities of each
               source. Otherwise it prints out detailed information about the
               priority selection of the named package.


Does ping 127.0.0.1 test the status of my wifi card?

Just to answer the original question: no, ping 127.0.0.1 will not test a wifi card, or any other hardware network interface for that matter. All Linux machines have a localhost network interface, which exists just in software and does not correspond to some hardware. ping 127.0.0.1 will send an ICMP 'echo request' packet to the localhost network interface, and the software will respond with an ICMP 'echo reply' packet.
If the wifi card is broken, you can try to replace it. In recent laptops that I've opened, its a separate card using a Mini PCIe slot. The cards are either full-height or half-height. See here for example.


I have experienced the same problem.

Upgraded from Ubuntu 13.04 to 13.10 and Virtual Box could not start any virtual machines anymore.

It displayed the "0 % dialog" as in the pic for a couple minutes, then switched to a "20 %" progressbar, and after that nothing happened.

CPU usage for VirtualBox is 2% or less.

The last two lines from the VBox.log are:

00:00:16.340506 Audio: Trying driver 'pulse'.
00:00:16.350789 Pulse: Audio input/output stopped!

Therefore I disabled the soundcard in the virtualmachine setup, and now VirtualBox will start virtual machines again.

Great!


Boot Repair -Also handles LVM, GPT, separate /boot and UEFI dual boot.:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

Or from Ubuntu you can directly install the lilo boot loader which works just like Windows boot loader.
Restore basic windows boot loader - universe enabled if error on lilo not found
Simply open Synaptic and Settings > Repositories and tick the box against the Universe repo in the Ubuntu Software tab. Close that window and click on reload before installing lilo with Synaptic or command line.

sudo apt-get install lilo
sudo lilo -M /dev/sda mbr

May show error messages about the rest of lilo missing, ignore, we just want MBR with bootloader to boot partition with boot flag (Windows).

Or just use a Windows RepairCD or flash drive and run fixMBR.


X11: How to disable the combined display desktop, so screens can be adressed with DISPLAY=:0.x

OK, just for the record. After digging around a little I found the ZaphodHeads setting ( -> /etc/X11/xorg.conf ), together with the xrandr tool enabled me to find a setting where all monitors work now.

As I have an Intel chipset in my computer this link also was of great help: https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/4-intel/

Here comes the relevant part of my current /etc/X11/xorg.conf:

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Intel0"
    Driver      "intel"
    BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
    Screen      0
    Option      "AccelMethod"       "sna"
    Option      "Monitor-HDMI1"     "HDMI1"
    Option      "ZaphodHeads"       "0:HDMI1"
    Option      "TearFree"  "on"
    Option      "ReprobeOutputs"    "on"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Intel1"
    Driver      "intel"
    BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
    Screen      1
    Option      "AccelMethod"       "sna"
    Option      "Monitor-HDMI2"     "HDMI2"
    Option      "ZaphodHeads"       "1:HDMI2"
    Option      "TearFree"  "on"
    Option      "ReprobeOutputs"    "on"
EndSection


Determining if a soft link already exists

As a user

$ ls -l

if the first character of the mode bits (first column) is l it's a link.

If you just want to test this from a script,

$ test -L maybealink && echo "it is a symlink"


Disadvantages to using Lubuntu on a modern PC?

Things works a little bit different from what you are thinking ...
People suggest Lubuntu for slow computers, because Lubuntu itself does not requires a lot of resources to get up and running.
But Why?
Mostly, that's because it uses a desktop environment named LXDE.
LXDE is famous for less resource needs, it does not provide any special graphical effects in contrast of other other options like "Gnome Shell", "Plasma Shell" (KDE), etc. it also includes a lot of alternative programs that requires less memory and processing power for your day to day jobs so you can run it on almost all kind of systems.
It's worth to mention that LXDE itself uses a window manager named OpenBox which is highly customizable, fast and light which makes LXDE to inherit all of these and beside all that fast lightweight applications it will be one of the best choices for slower computers.
I like to use pure OpenBox myself and pick exactly what I want, anyway...
They are the same thing
However it does not matter whatever it's Lubuntu, Ubuntu, Debian or any other GNU/Linux distribution that you are using, they all are using the same Kernel (Linux) which manages everything and assigns resources to the applications.
A good example can be memory allocation in Linux systems, if you search about it you will find out that Linux (Does not matter which distribution) uses almost all of your memory for buffering and caching purpose to increase performance.
Programs uses as much as needed from available resources for their computational process, in my opinion it's even a good choice to use a lightweight distribution, cause it leaves us with more available resources for other process.


(Ubuntu Server 20.04) I was able to share a hard drive through samba, but I can't get it to work with my other hard drive. I'm moving in circles

I think your question is too big for one answer since it involves Samba and partition mounting. All I can do is offer a template on how to mount an ntfs partition in Linux and maybe the samba part will take care of itself.

[1] Run the following command to determine the correct UUID number for your partition:

sudo blkid -c /dev/null -o list

Note: You mentioned that Ubuntu automatically mounted these secondary partitions. The only thing Ubuntu automatically mounts is the partition the OS resides in so if the partition is mounted ( and the command above will tell you that ) unmount it. Then check to see if you already have an entry in /etc/fstab for the ntfs partition and comment out the line by placing a # sign at the beginning of the line.

[2] Create the mount point:

sudo mkdir /Share

[3] Edit /etc/fstab and at the bottom of the file instruct the system to mount the partition at boot - replace the UUID number below with the one you found in step [1]:

UUID=200C11850C1156DE /Share ntfs defaults,nofail 0 0

[4] Run this command to mount it now:

sudo mount -a

[5] Verify the contents of the mounted partition.


How to interact with window behind gnome-terminal on shortcut key press?

Not literally what you asked for, but if you have a key combination that would automatically recognize both the gnome-terminal -window and the window directly below it, you could switch (toggle) between the two quickly without further effort.

The setup does exactly that: If (and only if) either the active window or the window directly below it is a gnome-terminal window, the script makes them switch places, as shown in the images. I left a few irrelevant windows to illustrate they don't take part in the toggle:

Having a gnome-terminal window on top of a gedit window:

Pressing the shortcut:

Press it again:

And so on. As mentioned, this will only happen if either one of the topmost windows belongs to gnome-terminal.

How to set up

The script(s) need wmctrl

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

Save both scripts below in one and the same directory, since one of the scripts imports functions from the other:

Script 1
to be saved as (exactly) z_list.py:
This is actually a background script, keeping track of the z-order of windows. The z-order cannot be determined by the "normal" tools like wmctrl or xdotool. Running a simple script to keep track of the currently active window, will give us the z-order however.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time
import os

rootdata = os.environ["HOME"]+"/.focus_history"

def current_windows():
    try:
        return subprocess.check_output(["wmctrl", "-lp"]).decode("utf-8")
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        pass

def convert_format(w_id):
    return w_id[:2]+(10-len(w_id))*"0"+w_id[2:]

def read_data():
    return open(rootdata).read().splitlines()

def get_top(wlist):
    try:
        top = convert_format([l.split("#")[-1].strip() for l in \
           subprocess.check_output(["xprop", "-root"]).decode("utf-8").splitlines() \
               if "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW(WINDOW)" in l][0])
        return [l for l in wlist if top in l][0]
    except IndexError:
        pass

if __name__ == "__main__":
    open(rootdata, "wt").write("This is an empty line")
    while True:
        time.sleep(0.5)
        wdata = current_windows()
        if wdata != None:
            wlist = wdata.splitlines()
            # get frontmost window (as in wmctrl -lG)
            top = get_top(wlist)
            oldlist = read_data()
            if not any([top == oldlist[0], top == None]):
                # clean up closed windows
                [oldlist.remove(l) for l in oldlist if not l.split()[0] in wdata]
                # remove possible other mentions of the active window
                [oldlist.remove(l) for l in oldlist if l.startswith(top.split()[0])]
                open(rootdata, "wt").write(("\n").join([top]+oldlist))

Script 2
to be saved as toggle_terminal.py:
As mentioned, save this script in one and the same directory, together  with z_list.py.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import z_list

try:
    termpid = subprocess.check_output(["pidof", "gnome-terminal"]).decode("utf-8").strip()
    wlist = z_list.read_data(); top = wlist[0]; second = wlist[1]
    if any([termpid in top, termpid in second]):
        subprocess.Popen(["wmctrl", "-ia", second.split()[0]])
except subprocess.calledProcessError:
    pass

How to use

Since the background script keeps track of active windows and creates the z-order that way, it needs to run before you open (at least) the windows you'd like to toggle, preferably as a Startup Application.

To test:

Open a terminal window, run the background script by the command:

python3 /path/to/z_list.py

Open a new terminal window and (e.g.) a gedit window. Focus the gedit window and open a new terminal window on top of it. Then run in the terminal window the command:

python3 /path/to/toggle_terminal.py

The windows should change places (order). Unfortunately you won't be able to run the command again (in the terminal) to bring the terminal window to top again, since the gedit window is now active :). You may assume however it will work from a shortcut key.

If all works fine, make the setup permanent:

Add z_list.py to Startup Applications: Dash > Startup Applications > Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && python3 /path/to/z_list.py"

Add script 2 to a shortcut key combination: choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the command:

python3 /path/to/toggle_terminal.py


Rocket.Chat: cannot perform readlinkat() on the mount namespace file descriptor of the init process: Permission denied

You should update your kernel. I had the same issue, and I found this bug:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/snappy/+bug/1709155

I use Ubuntu Server 14.04 at DigitalOcean, so I found the following information very useful:

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-update-a-digitalocean-server-s-kernel
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack

I was stuck with an older kernel. Once I updated it, my Rocket.Chat runs like a charm.


If you know the device file, say /dev/sdb, you can unmount all partitions of the device with the command:
sudo umount /dev/sdb?*

The command sudo umount -a should be avoided, because it would unmount also partitions you do not want to unmount at that moment.

By the way, I think that the gnome right click menu item "Safely remove" is the graphical best way to operate.


This problem occurs when using Banshee under a KDE environment.  KDE shows the CD as a loaded device, and one can select 'Open Banshee', but if Banshee is already open, it does not load the CD automatically.

One has to close Banshee and restart it for the program to recognize the CD.


With 2GB of RAM these days you might try several things :

use Lubuntu
go through the Low RAM installation recommendations
change window manager to openbox
disable all system services you do not need ( e.g. via stacer)
switch to low-ram distros like slax / porteus or tinycore

To sum it up: 2GB RAM is no fun, unless you reduce the background noise to a minimum


Running multiple services on a home server

Each server will run as it's own user by default. So for example, Apache (and other web servers) run as www-data.

In general you should be good to go, but you can read about hardening each server. In addition I would use apparmor. Most if not all servers in the repositories should have an apparmor profile already.

Other then that, you would need to ask a specific question about a specific server.

My only other piece of advice is to isolate the server on your LAN. Specifically I use iptables on my LAN to reject packets from the server local IP.


Enable nvidia driver in UEFI mode in Ubuntu 16.04

As of 18.04 this (installing nvidia driver with UEFI) is done automatically by Device Manager (Read it carefully where it says to type password into MOK to add drivers, on restart. I missed it first time.)

For a DIY version of the same
How to install nvidia driver with secure boot enabled?
Although you may have to disable nouveau more forcefully by blacklisting it
https://gist.github.com/Rambou/c6769caee19b0b9915d8342b86c3ef72

You can check which driver your gpu is using with:
sudo lshw -c video
which will contain a line that says:
configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0
(or will say nouveau instead of nvidia if hasn't succeeded)


If you are not familiar to non-GUI servers (text only), and you are going to use LAMP (as mentioned in Moodle's website) in order to host your web site with Moodle (or any other CMS like Joomla, Wordpress, personally I can't say the differences or special powers of Moodle). So you should try Ubuntu Desktop (common version) and make it run no desktop environment nor GUI at all in the boot.

This way, if you need to do something, you can simply start the GUI and your favorite desktop environment in order to do whatever changes/testing you need.

If you choose to install the server edition you may be able to use non graphical tools to admin your files/folders (midnight commander for browsing, nano, vim/emacs to edit files and a lot of useful text based tools).

I can't provide any support for the remote administration account but if you install online services you can edit web files directly from your webpage. Check the eXtplorer project for file browsing/editing, phpMyAdmin for editing MySQL Databases and if you have a special need please drop a new question with such need in order to get the proper support.

As everything is running to be online (such as documents in web services, etc.) you should consider installing enough services that allow you to do whatever you need. There are services for editing your PHP, HTML, CSS and other popular files directly from the website so that you won't be in need to gain access to the server just to make small changes. However, you must consider to gather the proper support in order to have the remote administration account in order to be able to run powerful tasks directly on the server.

What I mention is based on my own experience using a desktop web based server on which you can gain access to the files/folders and certain administration (like files/folders permissions, etc.) just by using web based services like those I have mentioned over here.

Good luck!