How do you change the apn for a mobile broadband connection

Choose "I can't find my provider, and I wish to enter it manually:" in "Choose your Provider" Type the name of your provider (doesn't matter what you type) Then type your APN in the given text-box.


I had the exact same issue.

Open the terminal, and enter the following command.

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Once it's installed, open CompizConfig and scroll down the window until you see the Unity Plug-In with the checkbox ticked next to it. Be sure you have CairoDock open. When you uncheck the box it'll shut down Unity.

Reboot your system from the dock, and at the login prompt click the Unity icon and select CairoDock.

That, hopefully, should be it.


Installaing ruby fails on ubuntu 10.04 server edition

I believe your problem is due to obsolete information your package manager has. I.e. it knows that ruby package depends on ruby1.8 package, but when it tries to install the latter, it can't find it in the repositories.

This is because Ruby in Lucid Lyx has been updated to version 1.9.1 since Lucid Lynx was released: http://packages.ubuntu.com/lucid/ruby/

So you need to update the information used by the package manager:

sudo apt-get update

Then you can install ruby:

sudo apt-get install ruby

You'll get version 1.9.1

(also, consider applying security updates and bug fixes using sudo apt-get upgrade - at the moment your system is likely lacking 2 years worth of security updates)


netplan how to set hostname via option 12

As documented in netplan(5), you can specify use-hostname: true as part of the dhcp4-overrides for an interface.


I added the -E switch to my sudo command and it worked. Try:

sudo -E apt-add-repository ppa:ansible/ansible

This moves (or copies) your environment variables, including http_proxy into the sudo context.


How can I paste text by pressing the left and right mouse buttons at the same time?

Clicking the scroll wheel does not work on a two button mouse =)

The feature you are wanting is called "middle button emulation" and is not enabled out of the box as of Ubuntu 11.04 or so (not sure).

IMO easiest method is to install gpointing-device-settings

sudo apt-get install gpointing-device-settings

You then 'use wheel emulation'

There is a longer discussion on this bug report if you wish to manually edit xorg.conf

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-input-evdev/+bug/710762


Ubuntu Phone on bq: How to show which sim is used while incoming call

Following the suggestion, I have open request about it. If you are affected by this, you can join:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/dialer-app/+bug/1455069


How to fix "Power calibration error" when trying to burn DVD?

your drive dislikes the medium. You will have to use
a different media product or a different drive.

Regrettably the brand name on the box tells few
about the real manufacturerer and the product inside.
You will have to guess.
A bold and significant change should be a switch
from DVD-R[W] to DVD+R[W], resp. vice versa.

The error message text stems from libburn.
The code [3 73 03] was reported to it by the DVD drive.
The problem is not specific to the operating system.
Ubuntu's Linux kernel was only the messenger between
libburn and drive.

"Power calibration error" is the human readable text that
is registered in the MMC specification for that code.
MMC-5 has about power calibration:
"3.1.53 Optimum Power Calibration [...]
OPC is a procedure performed by an optical storage device
to calibrate laser power. Values from this calibration
are used for subsequent write operations."

I.e. the burner did a few test writes on the medium
and was not satisfied with the results.

Have a nice day :)

Thomas


nvidia-smi : Kernel API version mismatch

This happens when installing Nvidia drivers from a .run file downloaded from the Nvidia website.
Ubuntu has a libnvidia-compute-4xx package which provides some library version (440.82 in your case). The nvidia-smi provided by the .run file expects a slightly different version (440.44). The solution is to remove libnvidia-compute-4xx: # apt purge libnvidia-compute-4xx.
All Nvidia driver install guides tell you to remove apt packages using # apt remove nvidia*, but the libnvidia-compute-4xx package escapes that wildcard, causing this library version mismatch problem.
I found this solution by looking at the commands in this blog: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43825748/article/details/112979312.


How do i put my password in to terminal?

You are entering it, it just does not appear to change as the password is hidden for security reasons. Not even asterisks appear

For example, here is my 20+ character long password:

:-)


Cronjobs not showing up using crontab -u  -l

User crontabs are stored in /var/spool/cron/crontabs/. You can't use the crontab command to see or edit the system crontab /etc/crontab.

Note that only the system crontab contains a user field after the date. User crotab entries  are always run the corresponding user so they don't need an user field.


Ubuntu armhf 15.04 raspi2 - Tilda, terminal and keybinding at statup issue

I have just had the problem occur in Ubuntu Mate 15.04. This is a simple way I found of fixing it (for new users such as myself).

When the Tilda 1 Config window appears, go to the Keybindings tab.
Click on "Pull Down Menu" at the top left of the window. A new dialogue will open with a place to click "Close": ignore that.
Press the key you wish to assign to Tilda's terminal. I used F12 for this.
Click "Close".

As Christian stated, you can also remove it from the Startup, which I have also done.


In LibreOffice if you press alt button for 1 sec you can see highlighted keys for the shortcut. same as word you can type alt+f to open file menu.

you can refer this for more details.
https://help.libreoffice.org/Common/General_Shortcut_Keys_in


How to disable the shortcut Ctrl-Alt-Arrow in GNOME 3.8

The new keybinding you define in 'Settings-->Keyboard-->Shortcuts-->Navigation' will get appended to the previous/default one.

It will become, for example.

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-down

['<Primary><Shift>Down', '<Control><Alt>Down']

I managed to remove the default keybinding using the following commands

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-down "['']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-up "['']"

This clears all defined shortcuts for those tasks. And then just use 'Settings-->Keyboard-->Shortcuts-->Navigation' to define the desired shortcuts.

Source : https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=982695


What program can I use to convert text into binary numbers?

You could try ppt from the bsdgames package. It will output ASCII as a binary punchcard.

You could also use a python script:

$ python -c 'for char in "Hello, world!": print(bin(ord(char)))'
0b1001000
0b1100101
0b1101100
0b1101100
0b1101111
0b101100
0b100000
0b1110111
0b1101111
0b1110010
0b1101100
0b1100100
0b100001


I was struggling for days to make such setup. When I gave up, my machine boots to X only with just one screen (I have 2 connected). It is really running on VESA mode.

$ sudo lshw -c display
  *-display UNCLAIMED
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
       version: 09
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list
       configuration: latency=0
       resources: memory:f6400000-f67fffff memory:e0000000-efffffff ioport:f000(size=64)

$ xrandr --verbose
xrandr: Failed to get size of gamma for output default
Screen 0: minimum 1366 x 768, current 1366 x 768, maximum 1366 x 768
default connected 1366x768+0+0 (0x270) normal (normal) 0mm x 0mm
    Identifier: 0x26f
    Timestamp:  34274
    Subpixel:   unknown
    Clones:
    CRTC:       0
    CRTCs:      0
    Transform:  1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
                0.000000 1.000000 0.000000
                0.000000 0.000000 1.000000
               filter:
  1366x768 (0x270) 79.731MHz *current
        h: width  1366 start    0 end    0 total 1366 skew    0 clock  58.37KHz
        v: height  768 start    0 end    0 total  768           clock  76.00Hz

$ find /dev/ -iname "fb*"
/dev/fb0

$ udevadm info -a /dev/fb0

Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.

  looking at device '/devices/platform/vesa-framebuffer.0/graphics/fb0':
    KERNEL=="fb0"
    SUBSYSTEM=="graphics"
    DRIVER==""
    ATTR{bits_per_pixel}=="32"
    ATTR{blank}==""
    ATTR{console}==""
    ATTR{cursor}==""
    ATTR{mode}==""
    ATTR{modes}=="U:1366x768p-76"
    ATTR{name}=="VESA VGA"
    ATTR{pan}=="0,0"
    ATTR{rotate}=="0"
    ATTR{state}=="0"
    ATTR{stride}=="5504"
    ATTR{virtual_size}=="1366,768"

  looking at parent device '/devices/platform/vesa-framebuffer.0':
    KERNELS=="vesa-framebuffer.0"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="platform"
    DRIVERS=="vesa-framebuffer"
    ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"

  looking at parent device '/devices/platform':
    KERNELS=="platform"
    SUBSYSTEMS==""
    DRIVERS==""

Not sure yet for all things needed to make so, but here I remember:

Locate i915 driver file and delete it

sudo updatedb
locate i915.ko
sudo mv /.../i915.ko ~/i915.ko.backup

Update RAMDisk

sudo update-initramfs

Reboot

Notes:

Install xdm if not already installed and you need a display manager. lightdm may fail ot start.
Remove any old xrandr command from .xprofile and .xsessionrc if you have set one. Because it will fail as you see the above xrandr outputs and block the session start up.


How can I put the Launcher on the other display?

currently there is no way to chose which monitor the launcher shows up on. there is an open bug about this issue on launchpad.


Steam 20.04 not working, while i have CUDA

I had the same issue (Ubuntu 18.04 and CUDA 11.0, but the issue seems to be the same)
NVidia has 3 install options. An installer by NVidia itself and two options for a .deb. The .debs don't include any i386 packages. The custom installer however does. So for Steam you need to install with the .run file.
I needed TensorRT, but that had some dependencies that didn't seem to be installed via de the .run file. It wouldn't surprise me if TensorFlow will have similar issues. The solution for that was also to install the .deb, but not cuda via the .deb.

Since things could go wrong you better make a backup of your system-files

Remove your old cuda and nvidia drivers

sudo sudo apt-get --purge remove "*cublas*" "*cufft*" "*curand*"  "*cusolver*" "*cusparse*" "*npp*" "*nvjpeg*" "cuda*" "nsight*"
sudo apt-get --purge remove "*nvidia*"

Blacklist Nouveau:

sudo bash -c "echo blacklist nouveau > /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf"
sudo bash -c "echo options nouveau modeset=0 >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf"
sudo update-initramfs -u
sudo reboot

Get and install the runfile installer (CUDA 10.1 doesn't seem to be support Ubuntu > 18.10 though?)

Install Steam
sudo apt install steam
Steam should be able to run now

Install TensorFlow. If it complains about dependencies you might also need to install the .deb repository before TensorFlow. But make sure not to do the last step of actually installing cuda


Issue with Nova-Cloud-Controller and Ceph-Mon with Openstack base bundle

I've resolved that issue. it was an error on the configuration of the port channel on VMware ESX between the physical Host and the switch of core layer.


How do I get lxde desktop to start automatically in Lubuntu?

To get the Lubuntu desktop back, I right-clicked in the black openbox desktop and selected logout.  This brought up the greeter screen that I was familiar with.  I had never noticed the buttons in the top right corner before (never needed to use them).  One of these is a pull-down which allows me to select the desktop environment.  Openbox was selected.  I changed the selection to Lubuntu Desktop and logged in as normal.  This gave me the desktop I am used to with all my taskbar customisations intact.

The good thing is that the desktop selection is rememembered.  Subsequent reboots took me straight to Lubuntu desktop instead of Openbox.


3rd level key has no effect, how do I make it work or are there any other good ways to type less common characters quickly?

The standard "English (US)" layout doesn't have any characters associated to the 3rd level key, so it's not surprising that the key does nothing.

Add "English (US, international with dead keys)" or something similar to your input sources and use it to access some extra characters.


How to move windows files to ubuntu without dual booting?

You can keep the NTFS partition with your files, if you have enough free space. Just shrink the NTFS partition, install Ubuntu, then copy your files to an Ubuntu partition.

After that you will be able to safely remove the NTFS partition and expand Ubuntu partition(s).

That is one of the ways not involving external storage.


How to fix hdajackretask error tee: /sys/class/sound/hwC0D0/reconfig

I was able to fix it by making the changes (Microphone→Headphones, Channel 3→1) and then setting it as a boot setting. There was no error on boot and it totally worked.

I guess some other service was using the resource or something.


Trying to install Ubuntu 12.10 on iBook G4 from a USB key

find another mac (any type) and a FireWire (male to male) and put the ios image on the computer yout not installing it on and pressing "T" during startup until you see a FireWire symbol, then bott the computer you want to install vit on and press command+option (option boot) then select the computer which will dhow up as whatever thats computers hard drives name is then find the ios and boot it off there.

Or you could put it on a firewire hard drive and do that. hope that helped you


Can't install python-distutils-extra from source in Ubuntu

You should install programs from Ubuntu repositories with Ubuntu Software Centre or apt-get. Ubuntu Software Centre like Android market or Apple app store. It can be found at left in Main menu.
And if you get on well with console, use apt-get:

sudo apt-get install python

You should install python-setuptools module. try:

sudo apt-get install python-setuptools python-distutils-extra

but you were trying install from tarball - the wrong way


How to permanently mount a remote share?

You can try to do a

sudo su
ssh-copy-id username@nas

to enable certificate based auto login for the user root.

Now the user root should be able to login to the server viva ssh without a password and i think sshfs now also does not need a password.

So you have to write a little script executing sshfs and start the script on startup (checkout the update-rc.d command)


Indefinite "Scanning for btrfs filesystem" after enabling both iGPU and dGPU in BIOS with primary dGPU; dGPU not active if iGPU set as primary

I fixed the problem by renaming /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf to /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf~

This is the configuration it held.

Section "Device"
   Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
   Driver      "intel"
   Option      "TearFree"    "true"
EndSection

It was what interfered with dual GPUs.

Problem solved. I hope this question can help someone else.


Kernels that are not supported by Ubuntu will never be updated.

You can install the latest stable supported Ubuntu kernel 3.19 by running

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid

It will get updates.

If you just remove 3.13, you will get no kernel updates at all.


pip install --user means users cannot run application from Dash or terminal

After talking with the Ubuntu devs on IRC, my understanding now is that Ubuntu follows Debian and adds ~/bin to the PATH if the folder exists. There are no plans to do the same for ~/.local/bin. So the end user must manually adjust their path, or add a symlink, etc. As an application developer I guess I'll need a special install script for Ubuntu and Debian users that does some of these things, which is a real shame, as I'm sure this hits every other Python application developer who relies on pip too.


How to fetch a string in CSV, create a new CSV by strings name and add that particular line to it?

Using awk

$ awk -F, '{print >> $2".csv"}' file.csv

$ cat ab.csv
04/Feb/2016:06:38:44-0500,ab,3,10,57,200,10254
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ab,1,43,170,304,0
$ cat cd.csv
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,cd,1,42,168,304,0
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,cd,1,44,171,304,0
$ cat ef.csv
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ef,1,43,169,304,0
04/Feb/2016:06:39:07-0500,ef,1,45,172,304,0
$

Do bear in mind though that real CSV files might include quoted commas within their comma separated fields - so a proper CSV parser is always recommended for serious use: see for example How to read a CSV file using Perl? or PyMOTW: Comma-separated value files.


sound for headphones no longer works but does work on windows

You can check this points:

Windows problem: Some users have reported that you must really "shutdown" pc from Windows8 , just "reboot" cause audio problems. Also, "fastboot" must be disabled in the bios.
Pulseaudio problem: in the "sound parameters"  output tab, you should see device  automatically changing from speaker to headphone when you plug a jack . As Pulseaudio stores independent level for each state, it could be bad just for headphone .
You can also run this command a terminal to reset pulseaudio config:
rm -r ~/.config/pulse; pulseaudio -k
Alsa setting problem: Do you see "headphones" fader  when you launch  alsamixer in a terminal (eventually press F6 function key to select your main soundcard which is the "not hdmi" one).
The fader must be unmuted (check toggle mute by pressing "m" key when the headphone fader is selected via left/right arrow keys). Set fader level with up/down keys.

Finally, a software update solved the problem

If nothing works, run "Alsa-info" to show your audio config (someone can have an idea) :  copy the following command in a terminal , choose "upload" option  when asked ("tab" key to select it) an post url printed at the end.
wget http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh -O alsa-info.sh && bash alsa-info.sh


No bootable device on single boot ubuntu for Acer Aspire ES14

The problem appears to be this, from lines 570-579 of your Boot Repair output:

=================== efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0001
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 2001,2002,2003
Boot0000* Unknown Device:   HD(1,GPT,0d8e467f-f6a9-4029-a832-f87387ec93df,0x800,0x100000)/File(EFIubuntushimx64.efi)RC
Boot0001* USB HDD: Generic Flash Disk   PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x15,0x0)/USB(2,0)/HD(1,MBR,0x94cd578,0x800,0xf40800)RC
Boot0002* ubuntu    HD(1,GPT,0d8e467f-f6a9-4029-a832-f87387ec93df,0x800,0x100000)/File(EFIubuntushimx64.efi)
Boot2001* EFI USB Device    RC
Boot2002* EFI DVD/CDROM RC
Boot2003* EFI Network   RC

Basically, your computer's boot order (BootOrder: 20001,20002,20003) includes only the USB device (Boot2001), the optical drive (Boot2002), and the network (Boot20003). To boot Ubuntu, the boot order must be amended to include the ubuntu item (Boot0002). There are several ways this can be done. The three easiest are likely:

From the firmware

Boot into the firmware setup tool.
Locate the option to change the boot order.
Add the ubuntu item to the boot order. (Details of how to do this depend on the firmware implementation, so I can't be more specific.)

From Ubuntu

Boot an Ubuntu installation/recovery/emergency disk in EFI mode. (Your Jan. 1 comment reveals that you booted at least one recovery attempt in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode -- see here for details on the perils of the CSM.)
Open a Terminal window.
Type sudo efibootmgr -o 0002,2001,2002,2003.
Reboot.

Using Boot Repair

Boot the Boot Repair tool in EFI mode (see the caveat above about not using BIOS/CSM/legacy mode).
In the Boot Repair tool, use the option to repair the boot process.
Reboot.

There is one very big caveat: Some computers, especially from a few years ago, have very buggy EFIs. Yours may be one of them. Such computers may ignore attempts to adjust their boot order. On such computers, you may be left having to cope by using some hackish workaround, such as installing a Linux boot loader using the filename normally used by a Windows boot loader (EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi) or by the default/fallback boot loader (EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi). IIRC, Boot Repair has an option somewhere to make this adjustment, but I don't recall precisely where it is, offhand. Since you've already run Boot Repair, you've either neglected to actually use its option to repair the boot process or your firmware is afflicted by this problem.


As yet I have not seen any Jabber paps in the app store. You could use the internet site to search, if you search uäpp you will find it. If not there is a wish list section you could add to.. This may prompt some development in it or if work is already going on, you may get an update.


Switchable Graphics switching from Graphic Card to another

Arr dirty old switchable graphics are still a pain in the ars...

first, open a terminal and become root:

sudo su

check if there is a 'debug' directory in /sys/kernel/

if it's not, go and add this line to /etc/fstab

none                    /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0

(and reboot)

You should now see a debug directory in /sys/kernel
check if the vgaswitcheroo directory exists in /sys/kernel/debug

if not, make sure to use Intel and Ati Foss drivers ( not fglrx )

once you see the file /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch you're ready to party hard!

If you want to use the intel card, just paste in a terminal (as root)

echo DIGD > /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

now log out and in again ( not rebootin'! ) -> welcome to the intel card's power

if you want to switch to the ati card, do same as above but paste this time

echo DDIS > /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

and you're ready to fire more 3d performance up!

if your laptop's fan is always on, this might mean that both cards are activated.
as you're only using one at a time, we simply power the unused one off:

echo OFF > /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

you can always check wich card is currently running with this command

cat /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

i want you to notice at this time, that the intel's and the foss ati driver's 3d-performances are ... well ... not actually that awesome. And the foss ati driver's powermanagement is just crap or no one ever implemented that i dunno...

if you desire full 3d performance and working powermanagement (you know, there is a difference between having 2h of batterylife or 6h ..)  you can still try to fight with fglrx ( ati's propetary driver ). Once you made it working with fglrx, you can simply switch graphic cards via the ati catalyst control center ( including re-logins ). But fglrx is a tricky * ... i might be a long dark path to success - if it's ever working on one's machine ...

however, check this site for more details about switchin' with foss drivers and vgaswitcheroo:
http://asusm51ta-with-linux.blogspot.com/


Boot into recovery mode by selecting Advanced options for Ubuntu in the boot menu and then the option that has appended recovery menu to the latest kernel version string. If the Grub menu does not appear when booting, press Shift or Esc while booting.

You will be presented with several options as seen below:

Choose the Enable networking option (you need a wired connection at this point). After that is finished choose the option to Drop into root shell prompt. In the shell do:

$ apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
$ reboot

If updating the software packages did not solve your issue, you can try to install the proprietary ATI drivers in recovery mode:

$ apt-get purge fglrx*
$ reboot  # only if there was something to uninstall otherwise go to the next step
$ apt-get install fglrx
$ amdconfig --initial
$ reboot

If network is unavailable, download the driver from here http://support.amd.com/en-us/download/desktop?os=Linux+x86_64 and unarchive. Copy the folder on the laptop using the live CD and then in the recovery mode root shell do:

$ cd /path/to/driver.run
$ chmod +x amd-driver-installer-XX.XXX-x86.x86_64.run
$ ./amd-driver-installer-XX.XXX-x86.x86_64.run
$ amdconfig --initial
$ reboot

You should be able to boot into Ubuntu normally now.

NOTE: for nVidia systems use the following commands after dropping into root shell:

$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.4/0000:03:00.0 ==
model    : GM107M [GeForce GTX 960M]
modalias : pci:v000010DEd0000139Bsv00001028sd000006E1bc03sc02i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
driver   : nvidia-352-updates - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-352 - distro non-free recommended

$ apt-get install nvidia-352  # the number must match the version you got above
$ nvidia-xconfig
$ reboot


18.04 Change shortcut for switching workspace

The setting is available, but  is not exposed in the user interface.

You can install dconf-editor to have a graphical interface to change a plethora of settings. The settings you are looking for are

org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-down ['<Super>Page_Down', '<Control><Alt>Down']

and

org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-up ['<Super>Page_Up', '<Control><Alt>Up']

You can change the assigned keys using dconf-edit. The settings can also be changed through the terminal with the command gsettings, e.g. the command

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-down "['<Super>Page_Down', '<Control><Alt>Down', '<Alt>d']"

would add Alt+d as a shortcut key to switch to a workspace down.

One can reset a dconf setting to the factory default setting with gsettings reset, as in

gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-down


Cannot run virtual machines after upgrading virtualbox from 5.0 to 5.1

Seeing this, I had to add to the last answer as there is some possible improvement.

If you removed virtualbox 5.0 and upgraded to 5.1, there may be some packages that were not fully removed.

Here is what works best if you want to keep everything fine without any corrupt packages:

close virtualbox
remove Virtualbox 5.1

sudo apt-get remove virtualbox-5.1

Remove all unused packages, which will remove some Virtualbox packages. It may also remove more packages and previous linux headers if you upgraded and did not run this command before.

sudo apt-get autoremove

Make sure there is nothing left from virtualbox

sudo apt-get purge virtualbox virtualbox-qt

Reinstall virtualbox 5.1 (or virtualbox, if you want 5.0)

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-5.1

or

sudo apt-get install virtualbox

Configure virtualbox

sudo vboxconfig

If you want to rollback, you may use the same process, but install virtualbox instead of virtualbox-5.1, but if you add some virtualbox modules installed like guest additions, you may have to reconfigure it.


Delete colon from filenames and links to them in html-file

This part will rename your files.
for file in $(find . -name "*T??:??:??*")
do
     mv -i "${file}" "${file//:/}"
done
This part will replace filename in your *.html files
for file in $(find . -type f -name "*.html")
do
    sed -i -re 's/([[:digit:]]{2}):/\1/g' $file
done


Using python3 To Install Git -> If Statements/File Reading Error

Yes it could happen (computers tend to make very few mistakes ;-)

Your variable git most likely has a newline character attached to it. So it's neither 'no' nor 'yes' but rather 'no\n'

You can either query for git.rstrip()=='no' which would chop off any whitespace (space, newline tabs) or you can try to check by some other route for the presence of git. Maybe issue 'git --version' and see whether it gets back with something reasonable or not.

Let us know if you need help with the latter approach.


Can't view Wifi networks after upgrading to Ubuntu 16.04

I think its network manager issue. I had same problem with Intel Wireless-AC 7260.

I executed iwconfig - and the card was there but it was down (iwlist scan failed) - so I run these commands to bring it up manually:

sudo ifconfig wlp4s0 up
service network-manager restart

and it appeared in gnome just like a charm.


Plug in your headphones, click on the "Sound" icon on your bottom panel, click on "sound settings", on the "Device" box, you should have "Speakers" and "Headphones", click on "Headphones", sound should come out of your headphones now.


apt-get upgrade fails due to dependency issues

You currently have libboost1.40-all-dev from Maverick installed. Now you are trying to install libboost1.46-dev from Oneiric. It's similar for libboost-python1.46-dev.

That doesn't work, mixing packages from different versions of Ubuntu only works in very few special cases.

Try to remove the packages libboost-python1.46-dev and libboost1.46-dev.


Installation CD doesn't boot - how to add nomodeset?

I finally managed to boot and install a new version of the system. I had to switch to UEFI boot option in BIOS and then I was able to boot from a USB stick. I installed only Ubuntu software, but after reboot the computer hanged again. After I installed everything including third-party SW, the system "survived" reboot. My guess is that all the troubles were caused by NVidia graphic card and its drivers.


Is there any command to list "local" packages? like in Synaptic GUI

Find installed packages that does not originate from any source.list or cannot be downloaded.

$ aptitude search \
  '?narrow(?or(!?origin(), ?obsolete), ?installed)'

Or short form:

$ aptitude search '~S (!~O|~o)  ~i'

?narrow(filter, pattern)Select packages which matches both filter and pattern.
?or(pattern, pattern)Matches any of the patterns or both.
?origin(pattern)Select packages with given origin.
?obsoleteMatches installed packages that cannot be downloaded.
?installedSelect installed packages.
?not(pattern) or ! Select any package not matching the pattern.


HiDPI monitor and window resize after lock

My setup is 1x 4k monitor 3840x2160 and PC under my desk. The issue I had was similar to yours. I observed it mainly on two apps: terminal and chrome.

Now everything works fine, what helped in my case:

Disabling HiDpi deamon in settings
cp /usr/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop ~/.local/share/applications
In copy, change the [Exec] line to:
Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %U --high-dpi-support=1 --force-device-scale-factor=2
logout/login (or restart just to be sure ;)

TBH I'm not 100% sure if disabling the HiDpi daemon was necessary but since I'm using PC not a laptop, it's not necessary.


Ubuntu Server 16 from ISO in UEFI preseed file

Try adding the following into your preseed:

  d-i partman-efi/non_efi_system boolean true

I ran into same issue with Ubuntu Desktop 16.04.1 on a blank disk, so I turned on the debug options, and saw in the /var/log/installer/debug file that the "Force UEFI Install" text corresponded to that component.  Adding that to my preseed automated that step for me.


Compiling IcedTea: JDK home directory could not be found

Looks like Ubuntu puts it a different directory to what IcedTea expects. Try

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/ /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk


Customization: Specific DE for specific User

In 12.04 and 12.10:
First install these desktop environments from Ubuntu Software Center, then reboot. In Unity Greeter (login screen), click on the Ubuntu icon. You can choose which DE to use. Your choice will be stored for each user, so you have to do it only once.


What is the sed comand to fix this file so last value on each line is double quoted

You could try something like:

sed -r 's/",([^,]*)$/,"\1"/' input-file

That's  a ", followed by anything that's not a comma ([^,]) till the end of the file $. \1 is the part matched by in the parentheses - ([^,]*).


Can I uninstall compiz and metacity on 12.04?

Unity is a shell interface (think GUI for the OS) for Gnome. You have lots of Gnome libraries because Ubuntu is still Gnome-based behind-the-scenes, it just doesn't use Gnome's shell. Don't uninstall the Gnome libraries because Ubuntu relies on them.


Give full permission to a folder in an Ethernet

Basically, I see two possibilities: Samba or NFS.  Both are client/server software which means you need to install the client part on your machineA and the server part on your machineB.  From that point on, you can get access the files on the server via any software (including terminal) on the client.

On the differences, samba is based on the windows world.  Therefore, files made available in samba are readily available also to Windows-based PC.

NFS stands for Network File System and allows you to mount on PC A (the client) directories that reside on PC B (the server).  Once setup, it is completely transparent to the user.  A standard windows PC would not see them, however.
A more complete discussion on the differences can be found here: Which to use NFS or Samba?

For a fairly complete discusion on how to install NFS, see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SettingUpNFSHowTo


I encountered the same kind of issue and I've fixed it by checking my /etc/hosts.

My computer was entered twice :

127.0.0.1   localhost

127.0.1.1   the_host_name <- I commented this line

Since I commented this line internet broswing is faster than ever.


How can I type ASCII characters like Alt + numpad in Windows?

When you type Alt + numbers in Windows, you are actually typing Alt + character's ASCII code.

To achieve the same in Ubuntu, you must type Ctrl + Shift + U, and then type character in Unicode hexadecimal value.

If this shurtcut doesn't work check if your input method is iBus.

Example 1

Alt + 255 on Windows creates a non-breaking space (ASCII 255)
This character in Unicode is U+00A0
On Ubuntu, type it as Ctrl + Shift + U then A0, then Enter

Example 2

Alt + 173 on Windows creates an inverted exclamation mark (ASCII 173, "¡")
This character in Unicode is U+00A1
On Ubuntu, type it as Ctrl + Shift + U then A1, then Enter

The Unicode four-digit hexadecimal number can be found via the Character Map (gucharmap). For just ASCII table type man ascii on a terminal.


I don't know what is the correct way, but I found this simple solution:

Run your desktop file from terminal
As it opens, a launcher entry is shown
Move this entry up or down and the launcher let you to put it there permanently


Log in loops again for a particular user

The Xauthority file was pointing to a group that doesn't exist and thus stuck at the login. I SSHed into my machine and removed the .Xauthority file, logging out and logging in creates a new Xauthority file with relevant permissions and thus logs into the account. Thanks @muru a lot for helping me on this issue. Also setting the Xauthority file to another existing group will solve this issue.


Have to hold mouse button down to access menus with Xinerama enabled - can this be changed?

I discovered quite by accident that the old behaviour comes back after setting the Show the menus for a window option to In the window's title bar (System Settings, Appearance, Behaviour tab).

(I don't personally much mind where the menus are, making this workaround OK from my perspective.)


Ok, let's try and see if Ubuntu knows the second monitor.
Open the Dash and type "Display". Enter the program and you should see 2 monitors there, one your laptop and the other your monitor connected trough HDMI.
Click on the external monitor and make sure it is set to "ON".


Gnome online accounts not syncing with Gnome Shell calendar

As hinted here: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=127358

I found that having Evolution running while adding the online account got the email and calendar added as expected.


Tripleboot windows7 and ubuntu and linux mint

Unless Linux Mint does something really weird it should just update GRUB automatically and you should end up with an extra option in the GRUB menu at startup.

If it should fail you can just boot from an ubuntu live-cd and reinstall GRUB


Yes, it should. Your GPU and CPU are different. So, Ubuntu would work. Just make sure you disable the AMD in the UEFI, before this. This is because it may happen that Ubuntu would get confused and select the wrong GPU.


How can I change the location of the default "snap" folder?

Judging from the response to LP: #1575053, I don't believe it's possible to do what you want.


can't install Realtek RTL8723de on ubuntu 16.04 kernel 4.15

For anyone finding this page via Google, it is not necessary to downgrade the kernel, use the official drivers instead. See this thread at the HP forum and the instructions at the GitHub repo.

git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
cd rtlwifi_new
make
sudo make install

REBOOT

That's how I got this error fixed on my HP 14-bp071nd with rtl8723de and kernel 4.15.


You could open a terminal using Ctrl+Alt+T and then using sudo apt-get purge steam. The other option is to try restarting the system and then deleting it from the Software Center again.


How to solve this error `sudo: /usr/local/bin/sudo must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set` without reinstalling ubuntu?

must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set

Check the current owner and permissions with ls -l /usr/bin/sudo. It should similar to:

-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 157192 2018-08-23 10:36:40 /usr/bin/sudo
Run pkexec bash in a terminal to get a shell with root permissions.
Fix ownership of the file:

chown root:root /usr/bin/sudo

Set the setuid bit:

chmod u+s /usr/bin/sudo

sudo should now be available for you to make further repairs.


Ubuntu Software Center ("Software" program) and "Snap Store" missing on fresh Ubuntu 20.04 install (& can't install *.deb files from GUI file manager)

For some reason, both my Ubuntu Software Center (now simply called "Software") and the Snap Store weren't present on my Fresh Ubuntu 20.04 install. To install them, simply run the following two commands:
sudo apt install gnome-software  # "Software"
snap install snap-store          # Snap Store

Here's what their icons look like now when I press the Super key (Windows key on a PC keyboard, or Command key on a Mac running Linux), then search for them:
Ubuntu Software Center (now just called "Software"):

Ubuntu "Snap Store":

Now, to install a *.deb file using the GUI file manager, such as nautilus (default), or nemo (my preferred choice), simply right-click the *.deb file and go to --> Properties --> "Opens With" tab --> select "Software Install" (which is now available since you just installed gnome-software) --> and click "Set as default" --> Close.

Now you can just double-click the *.deb file in your GUI file manager to install it!
Note: you might also consider trying the gdebi package installer, as described here: Problem installing .deb in Software Install Ubuntu 20.04. Apparently, in some cases where the "Software Install" GUI option fails, and you would have to otherwise manually run sudo dpkg -i myfile.deb to install the *.deb file, the "GDebi Package Installer" GUI option works.
Other references:

This answer helped me identify the existence of gnome-software and the snap-store: Ubuntu Software doesn't open in Ubuntu 20.04


Mouse, Mx Revolution Search to Paste Highlighted Text

I was able to do just that with btnx .

Hit Alt + F2, enter btnx-config and hit ENTER to open the configuration screen.


Yes, you must follow the steps for each kernel upgrade, fortunately they can be scripted and you can add any script you want to /etc/kernel/postinst.d/ to be executed after each kernel update.

Another option would be to build a small script and put it in your /etc/rc.conf to check for the kernel module and build it if not present during boot, something like:

#!/bin/bash

module="iwlwifi"
check_module=$(modinfo $module 2>/dev/null)

if [ check_module != "ERROR: Module $module not found." ]; then
    echo "FAILED: $module not present in your kernel. Not loaded"
    module_make
    exit 0
else
    echo "PASSED: $module is loaded and present in this system"
    exit 0
fi

module_make{
        #pseudo steps, can' t figure out what exactly worked on the posted answer, to be completed later
    uncompress_file
    compile_module
    install_module
    exit 0
}

Created a new script with these contents, make it executable with chmod +x wifi_script and add it as a line in /etc/init.d/rc.localor copy all the lines and add them directly to/etc/init.d/rc.local`.

If the script detects that everything is ok and the module is loaded it will just boot your system normally, else it will download, extract, compile and load the module and continue to boot your system. Nothing fancy.


/dev/sda5 is a logical partition inside an extended partition (/dev/sda4), while the unallocated space lies outside of that extended partition.

You need to resize /dev/sda4 to include the unallocated space first, then resize /dev/sda8.

Unfortunately GParted won’t let you touch /dev/sda4 (note the key symbol), because some of its child partitions are still mounted (more key symbols) and you can’t unmount the root file system on /dev/sda7. To circumvent this issue, you need to perform the above procedure from a live system (analogous to How do I resize root partition?).


Convert FAT32 partition to NTFS without data loss

As Rinzwind stated,

  it is not possible unless you use Windows.

Now that being said, even if you have windows, you have to be careful when doing it.

You have to move the drive to another machine in order to be able to accomplish that, since you can't convert a live volume.

The command to use to do the conversion is:

convert <drive_letter>: /FS:NTFS

Note: Always keep in mind that when dealing with anything to do with partitions, make sure that you have a current backup, in case something goes wrong.


You can print with Shotwell: Just mark the picture and press CTRL-P.

It will fill the whole page by default, but you can also change the scaling. You also can change between potrait and landscape, of course.


Installing netcdf c++ interface on 12.04.1

Open your terminal and run these commands:

wget http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/downloads/netcdf/ftp/netcdf-4.2.1.1.tar.gz
tar -xvf netcdf-4.2.1.1.tar.gz
cd netcdf-4.2.1.1
./configure
make
sudo make install

For more information, in the netcdf-4.2.1.1 directory you will have a README file.


Building an arcade machine on iMac 2007 has anybody done it?

I was successful turning an 24" iMac 2008 into an "arcade machine" the other night by getting both MAME and RetroArch up and running on 20.04.1 LTS.

Is there a RetroPie / RetroArch for Ubuntu precompiled available

This worked like a charm for me:
sudo apt-get install retroarch

I specifically used this to install a single core:
sudo apt-get install retroarch libretro-snes9x

I personally didn't have to add any new repositories (I just double-checked /var/apt) and in the event you have any trouble, these are the official instructions:
https://www.retroarch.com/index.php?page=linux-instructions
I had equal success with:
sudo snap install retroarch

good luck and have fun!


how to create a shortcut to unlock my pc

You can not set short cut to login but you can set user with no user following the steps given below.

First, if your user has sudo privileges, you must enable its NOPASSWD option. Otherwise, sudo will ask for a password even when you don't have one, and won't accept an empty password.

To do so, open the sudoers configuration file with sudo visudo, and add the following line to the file,

User_name ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

Close the editor to apply the changes, and test the effect on sudo in a new terminal.

Delete the password for your user by running this command, replacing david with your username:

sudo passwd user_name -d

If you ever get prompted for a password, just type enter and it should work.

Note : You can use GUI to select Log in without a password option from user accounts


How to setup "show-user-menu false" as default setting

Copy the code below into an empty, file, save it as nouserinfo.desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=/bin/bash -c "sleep 10 && gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session user-show-menu false"
Name=NoUserInfo

Copy the file to /etc/xdg/autostart

From now on, the default will be set to not show the users. The setting will be applied shortly after log in.

Explanation

The command to disable the list can be run on log in, by placing a .desktop file that runs your command in ~/.config/autostart. This will however only run for one user.
If you do the same, but put the .desktop file in /etc/xdg/autostart, the command will be run, equally what user logs in.
The sleep 10 is to make sure the command runs when the desktop is ready for it.

Exclude one user?

Simply put the file below in the user's ~/.config/autostart:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=/bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session user-show-menu true"
Name=NoUserInfo

Local versions of global .desktop files will overrule the global ones, also on Startup Applications' .desktop files.


How to downgrade Flash from 11.x to 10.3

You will not get Adobe Flash 11.3 on Linux as released by Adobe themselves, but if you install Google Chrome it comes pre-packed with PepperFlash 11.3 and the hardware acceleration does indeed work (for me at least).

If not being open-source concerns you, then you can install Chromium and use the PepperFlash plugin on that also.


You can download the Computer Modern font family and add it into your ~/.fonts folder (create it if it doesn't exist. Restart Chrome, and you should see the font being used.

You can find them here. Unarchive with Archive Manager.

Also you can install the texlive-fonts-extra package (note that it has about 170 MB) which already contains those fonts. But it will also install you texlive binaries and maybe you don't need that.

sudo apt-get install texlive-fonts-extra


For the first issue you need a set of fonts for WPS and this should be dropped into the /usr/share/fonts folder for system wide access.

Now I have created a git repo with these fonts download it from here and add it like this:

download fonts from here
create a folder sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/kingsoft
copy the contents of that download to folder in (2)
run sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /usr/share/fonts/kingsoft
run sudo chmod -R o+rw,g+rw /usr/share/fonts/kingsoft or leave as is if it has read and write permissions for owner (you)
run sudo fc-cache -vfs

For the second issue. You could try this qalculate:

Install: sudo apt-get install qalculate

Qalculator resource: https://www.maketecheasier.com/qalculate-powerful-calculator-for-linux/


Launch GUI apps from text-mode tty without loading window/desktop manager

That's easy. All you need to do is edit your .xinitrc and enable command line login.

WARNING: The following steps tell you to do "exactly" what you are asking. You will not be able to move any windows with your mouse because there won't be a window manager running. I advise you to at least have a window manager running so that you can move the windows or at least have a tiled window manager such as i3.

If you still wish to proceed despite this warning, follow these steps:

Install xterm: sudo apt install xterm
Open/Edit ~/.xinitrc and put xterm at the bottom and save the file
Disable GUI: sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target
Restart and the system should now start in command line mode.
Log in and type startx and X will start with xterm running
Launch any program you want from there. To exit, type exit.
To re-enable GUI mode, type: sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target

Special note: You may need to click inside the xterm window with your left mouse button before you are able to type. Another way to exit is via pressing simultaneously Ctrl+Alt+Backspace.


cannot ping FQDN from outside LAN (Glassfish)

So, First of all, this has nothing to do with glassfish. If you can browse to the ip address, glassfish is working fine. This is a purely DNS problem.
Why doesn't it work?
Your router is using NAT. This means that if PC1 wants to connect to askubuntu.com, it uses the router public IP and a random port: IP_ADDRESS:PORT. Askubuntu.com thinks that your router is requesting a webpage from IP_ADDRESS:PORT. Askubuntu.com sends the webpage to your router(IP_ADDRESS:PORT). Your router then forwards this to your PC1. Your router knows it has to forward it to your PC1 and not PC2, because your PC1 started the connection. PC1 requested the webpage.
In the case of your server, you want people on the internet to connect to your server. So the connection will not start from PC1 but from the internet. The FQDN points to your router. Your router will get a request for a webpage on IP_ADDRESS:80. Because the connection was started from the internet and not from PC1, the router does not know it has to forward the traffic to PC1. Your router will drop the traffic.
What can you do to fix it?
You have to configure a static port forward on your router, so your router knows that he has to forward all the traffic he receives on PUBLIC_IP:80 to PC1_PRIVATE_IP:80.
How you can configure port forwarding on a specific router is described here: http://portforward.com/english/routers/port_forwarding/
Even after you configure this port forward, you will not be able to ping the FQDN of PC1, because ping uses another port. HTTP (browsing) uses port 80, PING uses port 1.


How to remove gocloudly.com malwaare from firefox on ubuntu 16.04

The first thing you'll want to do is to find out if the system is effecting just the one browser, user account, or device. To do this, firstly see if another device on the network is also seeing the issue. If it is, you have a problem on your network, so see the Network Problem section below. If it is not, try a different browser on the computer - if you still see the issue, you'll want the Computer Problem section. If you don't see the issue still, try create a new user profile - if this doesn't show the issue, check the User Profile section. If the error does show with the new user profile, check the Browser Installation section.

Network Problem

The network itself is probably compromised. This is usually because the DNS servers you are using have been changed on the network, which means whenever you request the address of a given site, the request goes to someone it shouldn't, who gives you the address of a pay to click advert or similar (thus profiteering from your web browsing). The best way to fix this is to configure your routers DNS settings - there are many options, I would recommend asking your ISP for the ones they provide, or using Google's free ones (4.4.4.4 and 8.8.8.8 if memory serves). If you're unsure how to do this, you might perform a factory reset. Keep in mind you may need to get information to set up your router again from your ISP, so make sure their contact center is open before proceeding.

Computer Problem

Here, I believe you have a local DNS issue. That is to say that your computer is configured the same way that the router is above, but by default the DHCP server on your network tells your computer to use the DNS server which it wants you to. It is possible to override this and specifically tell your computer to use another DNS server, and this is most likely what has happened. You can try looking at all of your network configurations including for network-manager, wpa-supplicant, dnsmasq, and so on. I won't go into individual detail, but this should point you in the right direction.

User Profile

This is where a nasty script has been attached to your profile using either something like a tampermonkey script, or as a plugin in its own right. In this instance you should disable all plugins and confirm that the issue does not reproduce. If it does, you will likely want to start looking in your user profile directory to find the nasty stuff. If it doesn't, re-enable the plugins one by one in the browser to see which one causes the problem, then uninstall it and check your user profile directory to ensure all traces of it are removed.

Browser Installation

This is where things get a bit difficult, as really I'm not sure how difficult this would be to do, but I believe it's possible to either add a modified binary, to modify the launcher (e.g firefox.desktop) file, or to modify the applications configuration so that it starts a process which hijacks your requests, or so that it makes changes to the application as it runs to modify your requests (e.g through memory manipulation or through giving it specific environment variables/launch parameters to set the DNS). At this point, your best option is to fully remove the browser and install from a PPA. If this does not work, try a portable version - if that does work, you might want to install it manually to somewhere such as /opt/, which will remove your ability to update it using the apt package manager. The difficult, really, is that the malware still exists on your system at this point and without a forensics analysis, it will be impossible to predict what exactly it has done or how to remove it.


You can try this

In the default Ubuntu 11.04 install without any extra drivers downloaded from realtek website,

a) Modify /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf and put an entry near the end blacklist acer_wmi

b) Reboot and press Fn+F1 to go into the bios. Then look for Wireless settings and disable Wimax and Wireless WAN. Then save and continue booting.

It should work. However, if you've downloaded drivers from realtek site and compiled them yourselves then by using this method you'd not be able to boot properly. System hang or kernel panic related errors (thus there may be a need to go into recovery mode and undo the changes)


How to disable alternative international keyboard

install the other keyboard setting and select the proper keyboard setting when logging in.


configuring USB modem( Huawei EC156) in ubuntu 13.10

After so much pain, the following post by Jaydeep worked.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1814583

Will still post the answer below.

Check the name of your USB device by running the following command on Terminal

lsusb

type the following to go to usb_modeswitch.d folder

cd /etc/usb_modeswitch.d

create a config file (.conf) using the following command.

sudo gedit

Copy and paste the following to the file and save.

DefaultVendor= 0x12d1
DefaultProduct=0x1505

MessageContent="55534243123456780000000000000011062000000100000000000000000000"

Keep in mind that the12d1 and 1505 in DefaultProduct and DefaultVendor values are as per the output received in lsusb for your Huawei device.

Save the file as 12d1:1505. ( any other name should also work !!)

Run usb_modeswitch command as below.

sudo usb_modeswitch -I -W -c 12d1\:1505

Device should get detected, please add new connection and see if it is connected.

If not, please restart, run the same usb_modeswitch command again and see if it is working ! ( For me, it worked after restart )

Note, to make it work, you have to run the usb_modeswitch command every PC starts, to avoid it, a script may be used.


Configure Jenkins CSP for Ubuntu Service

To run Jenkins every time you restart the server with the option to relax the content security policy, run it as a service with the options you require.

Download jenkins.war file to any convenient destination, eg. /home/jenkins_user
Create service file /etc/systemd/system/jenkins.service specifying the relaxed security policy
Reload service manager: systemctl daemon-reload
That's it! Now manage the service

Full instructions including examples are given here Installing Jenkins as a Linux Daemon


How to change the resolution of an ATI Rage Mobility 128 above 800x600 in 10.04?

You may have been using fglrx on Hardy, however AMD/ATI dropped support for older graphics cards such as yours.  So you will need to use the -ati driver instead.

The suggestion in the previous comment to purge fglrx when you have used both fglrx and ati is good advice in general.  If you're trying to use -ati and there's still some fglrx kernel driver or glx library lying around, it can cause confusion.  Generally that doesn't affect resolution but the problems are rather unpredictable.

Assuming you're using the open source -ati driver now, one option you can try is to turn off kernel mode-setting.  This is because whereas X used to be responsible for selecting resolution, these days the kernel does it.  (This is called Kernel Mode-Setting, or KMS).  If it used to work (in the old days with UMS) but now isn't (with KMS), here's a guide to switch back to UMS for -ati:

Another common thing to check on these old graphics cards is the AGPMode setting.  Possible values are 1, 2, 4, 8.  It seems a bit unpredictable what number is required; 2 might work for one machine, and on a seemingly identical one you have to use a different value.  The -ati developers haven't figured out a good way to guess this reliably in all cases.

Beyond that, check your Xorg.0.log; midway through it goes through the resolutions and decides which ones fit the refresh rates of the monitor.  Sometimes if there are problems it'll become evident there.  For instance, if its trying to find a common resolution that works for both the LVDS and for VGA (even though no VGA is present), or if there is an error in the EDID or something.

Finally, in theory -ati should run fine with no xorg.conf present.  If you haven't tried it already, just move aside your /etc/X11/xorg.conf and see what happens when you run without it.  Half the time this will solve the problem.


Try to free some space on Windows 8 (depending on your needs, like 50 GBs) and install Ubuntu with custom installation and make a second partition


Replacement for system monitor applet for 17.10

The extension system-monitor depends on a few packages. To install them, run

sudo apt-get install gir1.2-gtop-2.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-1.0

Then log out and log in again as some extensions are not loaded properly right away. Alternatively if you're in an Xorg session (instead on Wayland) you may restart GNOME shell by pressing alt+f2 then typing r and pressing enter.


How can I type the "at" @ symbol on a Spanish keyboard?

The unicode character entry keyboard sequence is Ctrl+Shift+U hex value Enter so the @ sign would be Ctrl+Shift+U 40 Enter.

You might want to check the keyboard locale settings in the keyboard layout pane of the settings center to make sure you have the right layout.

◕‿◕


My Primary Domain Controller does not work with other laptop

here are some questions:

Checked DHCP/IP-Settings?
Is your second Laptop able to ping the PDC?
Have your Laptops both the same Windows-Version?
No Misspelling in your Windows-Configuration?

Otherwise look at this page, probably you have only to update your registry:
http://www.1stbyte.com/2009/05/...

hope this helps,
tobi


Are keyboard layout settings handled by two different applications in Xfce?


Flash videos do not stay full screen on second monitor

Unfortunately this is just one of joys-of-Flash. As soon as it detects it has lost focus, it'll shut back down to regular size.

There are a couple of workarounds that work in the same way:

Compiz's Enhanced Desktop Zoom (magnifier - whatever it's called!).
kmag (KDE's magnifier app)

Both allow you to zoom in on something on the screen and both allow you to do this on one screen without affecting the other. Zoom in on the Flash applet (or game, or whatever) and you're away!


If you like to change the keyboard shortcuts of various operations then you can do it through settings.
Please follow the following steps.

Go to the system settings.
Click on "text entry."
Now go to the bottom right corner of the dialogue box and click on "keyboard settings."
There you will find the list of various shortcuts and what they do.
You can change the shortcuts from here.


MY SQL unmet dependencies. I am trying to install but can't not even remove it. How can I make it correct?

Remove this file if you are sure to downgrade as installer says:

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/debian-*.flag

Then try again:

sudo apt -f install

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade


Are the deb files stored in /var/cache important?

No, they are not important.
You can remove them safely.
Those files are just like the name says cached for later use.
That means that if you installed some software and later removed it, you do not need to download the package again,but just install it from local debian package.

To clear the whole cache use

sudo apt-get clean


Very good!  I like a man who thinks like I do and PHYSICALLY DISCONNECTS drives for safety.  Around here I'm oft treated like I'm some sort of a nut, but I too believe in safety.

Rest assured, provided that you actually disconnected the correct drive, everything is going to be fine.  Of course if you disconnected the blank drive and formatted the windows drive... there's no going back, but I'm going to hope for the best.

What I believe happened is that when Ubuntu installed on the blank drive, it installed its own boot sector on that drive, and for some reason, your bios is preferring to boot to that drive.  In my opinion, you have THREE GREAToptions.

1) You can use your bios' own "Boot Menu" (most bios have them these days.  sometimes you have to press a key such as escape or f12 at boot time).  The problem with this plan is that it doesn't actually protect you from rampant viruses which can literally reach out and wipe your drives.  If it's connected, it's game.

2) You can do things the way I do them, with a removable hard drive system such as this one so that there is only one hard drive connected at a time.  Trust me, this is really your best bet if you like safety!  Windows can reach out and hurt things.  I've experienced it first hand!

3) You can do things in a somewhat more normal way, which works very much like partitioned hard drives in so much as you select boot media from a menu at boot time, with both drives connected at once and no switching of anything in the bios.  Best of all this solution is EASY and doesn't cost anything.  You just open this link, burn the self booting CD, and shut down the PC.  If you have not already done so, connect both hard drives such that they are both recognized by the computer.  Then you boot your computer to the boot repair CD, and follow its easy one click operation to repair your boot.  When it is done, your computer should present you with a sort of menu at boot time offering you the choice of Ubuntu (at the top) and Windows (usually at or near the bottom).  By default it usually boots to Ubuntu first.


Might have installed some malware or spyware. Need help to uninstall

There isn't any way you can be sure that your system is secure except for reinstalling the OS because you gave the bogus printer driver root permissions when you installed it. Because it was given root permissions, the bogus printer driver could meddle with parts of your filesystem that are owned by root without you knowing about it.


I can get you there with there from the commandline.  I don't use Gadmin.

First off, most of the default would probably work without making any changes.  All you should have to do is just add the folder specifications you want to share.

Pick a folder or create a folder called, for instance, "myshare".  Now edit and append these lines to the /etc/samba/smb.conf file:

[myshare]
        comment = My Shared Area
        path = /myshare
        writeable = yes
        browseable = yes
        valid users = user1, user2

The [myshare] is the name of the share that will appear on the network for connecting to the resource.  This doesn't have to match he actual folder name.  But having something similar to it will have you to remember the resource you have setup.

The valid users are the ones you have created to have access to the shares.  The user names will have to be a name that is actually on the Ubuntu machine.  You'll still have to add the names to Samba's access list.  You can do this with:

$ sudo smbpasswd -a user1
$ sudo smbpasswd -a user2

When the users are added you can always modify their passwords with:

$ sudo smbpasswd user1

After that is done you connect to the share with Windows the same way as you would any other windows shared folder.  The network resource would be:

For windows:

\\machine\myshare

For linux it would be:

//machine/myshare

A convenient way (semi GUI) is to bring up your file browser (either Windows or Linux) and type in the associated shared connection above into the address field of the file browser (windows' explorer or Ubuntu's natilus).

You can also connect to the Linux shared by typing this into a command terminal on Windows:

explorer \\machine\myshare


Should I be worried about these insserv warnings?

I believe it's a scripting issue for the developers making their scripts LSB Compliant, See here. There it states that for a LSB compliant script it should:

provide, at least, the following actions: start, stop, restart, force-reload, and status. All of those, except for status, are required by the Debian Policy, chapter 9.3.2 Writing the scripts. "Status" support has been requested into policy, see #291148 and LSBInitScripts/StatusSupport.
return proper exit status codes.
document runtime dependencies.
[optionally] Log messages using the Init.d functions: log_success_msg, log_failure_msg and log_warning_msg (This would introduce consistent output in scripts, as requested in http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2005/06/msg00729.html

and should also follow Debian Policy, chapter 9.4 Console messages from init.d scripts)

So I guess that script isn't complaint with the above requirements and are lacking these headers seen in old SysVinit files:

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          scriptname
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start daemon at boot time
# Description:       Enable service provided by daemon.
### END INIT INFO


Newly created directories and files are assigned to docker group

Actually I think I found the answer. This behavior began after using the following command
newgrp docker

So it seems what has to be done to use that command with one's username.


bridge on interface with public address (ubuntu 20)

I'd recommend checking this page for various netplan examples including your case of a VM on a bridge with external network connectivity.


There is a well known option on the live cd where you can "stress" test your memory (fourth option in the menu):

This will have you end up into something similar to this:

This image actually is showing bad memory as you can see. If this shows up for you too you can assume those crashes to be caused by memory. If not please update your question ;)

Oh and checking memory can take up a lot of time. And when I say a lot I mean a lot ;)


Lost the root privilege after try to add the user to a group

From boot meny, select recovery mode (ususally second from top), wait for the boot-up till you are presented with the Recovery Menu. Select the root option from the menu and you will drop in the root shell.

Re-mount the file system as read-write

 mount -o rw,remount /

Add your user to sudo group

adduser username sudo

And, exit.

exit

You will go back to the Recovery Menu. Select resume option for normal boot. You will be able to use sudo again.


Ubuntu 18.10 has experienced an internal error

/var/log/syslog and dmesg will provide additional information
You could narrow it down by using grep

grep dbus-daemon /var/log/syslog
and
dmesg | grep dbus-daemon


Networking failed to start and mouse also not working

Ok I found the solution somewhere, which I am putting here for reference and help for someone.

To fix this you have to reboot with another kernel version or reinstall the needed kernel package:

apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-3.13.0--generic

So I have rebooted with previous kernel, where networking was working, but not the mouse, but after running the above command and reboot everything is working fine.


How to use Ubuntu for load sharing with multiple NICs

You can use the package ifenslave-2.6 to do this. You can install this package by typing in the command sudo apt-get install ifenslave-2.6. There is some configuration to do but, there is a good amount of online resources out there to help you with that.

If you cannot find any good online resources for your needs I might have some resources to help you out.

I really hope this helps you out and please ask for help, I I am always here.


Try getting a fresh release from:

https://www.dropbox.com/install?os=lnx

Make sure that your browser is logged out from dropbox.com when you visit this link; otherwise download links are not shown.


18.10 upgrade from 18.04 Graphics driver issues

Try and uncomment WaylandEnable=false in /etc/gdm3/custom.conf and reboot.
I did this on my desktop w/Nvidia card and it allowed me to boot.  There are still random graphics problems when the computer wakes from sleep, but maybe you wont have those.


How to make the Delete key work in micro (text editor) when this is running under st terminal (from bspwm)?

You can solve this by editing the file:

~/.config/micro/bindings.json

Replace the line "Delete": "Delete",
with this: "\u001b[P": "Delete",

And append this line at the end of the list:

"\u001b[4h": "ToggleOverwriteMode" (this will fix the Insert key as well). Just remember to put a comma (,) at the end of the line just before this one.


How to shut down when only at encryption password page?

As you are using full-disk encryption on the OS drive, and you have not yet entered the password to decrypt that disk, you may be sure that nothing is being written there. You can also know that nothing is being written to the disk containing /home, as without decrypting the OS drive the system can't access /etc/fstab and thereby discover that it needs to mount /home, let alone actually mount it.

As such, it should be entirely safe to power off the machine in any reasonable way. While pulling the plug seems unnecessary, an ACPI power-off (by holding the power button) should be fine.

As a side note, if the system were booted to such a point that disk writes were a possibility, but login (or display-manager shutdown) wasn't, my first instinct (though probably not the best answer) would be a Magic SysRq sequence, probably REISUO, with appropriate multi-second pauses between commands.


Will that kind of configuration share the two WAN, or will it randomly use one of them?

The Linux kernel will only use one default gateway.

  Is there a way to merge these two WAN to be considered as only one with a better bandwidth? If so, then how can we configure that?

unless you add a load-balancing route:

ip route add default scope global nexthop via 172.16.4.106 dev eth0 weight 1 nexthop via 172.16.1.18 dev eth1 weight 1

**note: weight (1/1) tells the kernel to evenly distribute the connections between the gateways

Then do this to enable forwarding:

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

source (try using this. it works pretty well on my setup)


Why it cannot get past 4096 max open files for non-root user?

Using Ubuntu 14.04 I got the described hard limit:

user@notebook:~$ ulimit -Hn 4096

I could lower it using ulimit, but not increase it, just as the question describes it. As ulimit's manual describes:

  only root can increase the hard limit

So I tried to set a higher limit in /etc/security/limits.conf like this:

user hard nofile 9999

and a fresh login like ssh localhost -l user gave me the new limit:

user@notebook:~$ ulimit -Hn 9999

Hope this works for you, too.


Disk Partitioning while installing Ubuntu 12.04

This is the Recommended Partitioning Scheme for new users from Ubuntu.com


after upgrade from 10.04 to 12.04 cannot boot with linux 3.2.0-24-generic-pae

Based on this upstream Debian bug report I'd say the two cryptsetup warning messages are not related to the cause of the boot failure.

http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=641662

There are suggestions that removing the canonical-census package fixes the issue about not being able to open /scripts/casper-functions

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=9741353


Is it possible for Adobe Flash to kill my GPU?

Not sure if this helps, but I had a failed GPU fan, and so my computer would hang whenever I did anything which was GPU intensive (the temperature would reach 90-100 degrees and auto poweroff).  Flash can be GPU intensive, are you sure your GPU is working ok?


This is a caching issue with the kernel's file system driver. I've seen issues like this crop up before and it's almost certainly that. You need to report a bug and help a developer to discover what is wrong/special with your system in order to get a fix.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs

For now, check if you can write to the usb sticks using the Ubuntu LiveCD. Determine what would happen if you were to do a fresh install and then do a fresh install if you need to.


WoeUSB Error Code 256 with NTFS formatted USB

I tested the current woeusb from the PPA (running a persistent live Lubuntu 18.04.1 LTS), and the following command lines work for me.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt update
sudo apt install woeusb

sudo woeusb --target-filesystem NTFS --device path/windows.iso /dev/sdx

In my case the iso file was in /media/lubuntu/usbdata/images/ and the target device was /dev/sdb, but in your case check carefully that you will write to the intended drive (avoid destroying valuable data in some other drive),

sudo woeusb --target-filesystem NTFS --device /media/lubuntu/usbdata/images/windows.iso /dev/sdb

Notice that all partitions on the target device must be unmounted.

The created USB boot drive has a small FAT partition (for UEFI boot) and a big NTFS partition with the Windows files. It can install Windows both in BIOS and UEFI mode with woeusb 3.2.10.1 (dated 2018-09-19 (Sept 19 2018) in the PPA).

Using NTFS makes it is possible to use file size > 4 GiB. The size of install.wim is

smaller than 4 GiB in some of Microsoft's own iso files, for example in

Win10_1809Oct_Swedish_x64.iso

$ <<<'scale=3;4274234443/2^30' bc
3.980                              # < 4 GiB

greater than 4 GiB for some iso files for particular computers, OEM, but also in several of Microsoft's own iso files, for example

Win10_1809Oct_English_x64.iso

$ <<<'scale=3;4396229344/2^30' bc
4.094                              # > 4 GiB

Win10_1809Oct_EnglishInternational_x64.iso

$ <<<'scale=3;4386496792/2^30' bc
4.085

Win10_1809Oct_German_x64.iso

$ <<<'scale=3;4401709065/2^30' bc
4.099

Win10_1809Oct_Spanish_x64.iso

$ <<<'scale=3;4404104344/2^30' bc
4.101

There is also a GUI version woeusbgui. I don't think is has the option to create a target drive with a FAT file system for UEFI plus an NTFS filesystem, so I would recommend using the command line version woeusb.

Edit 1:

You can do it yourself with detailed help at

help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/iso2usb/diy/windows-installer-for-big-files

This method works in both BIOS and UEFI mode and also with secure boot. (But in most cases it should be possible to turn off secure boot, use the drive created by woeusb, and turn on secure boot again.)

Edit 2:

Thanks @John for your comment that there should be no space character in the source file name. If there is you can rename the file, and then woeusb works.

  Thanks @qbit. This did not solve my problem but your idea of a parsing
  error helped me to realize that it does not like having a space in the
  source filename. That got me to move one step forward.

Edit 3:

There is a problem in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.

$ LANG=C sudo apt install woeusb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 woeusb : Depends: libwxgtk3.0-0v5 (>= 3.0.4+dfsg) but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Until this problem with woeusb is solved, you can use mkusb-plug according to this link:

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/plug

The tool mkusb-tow of mkusb-plug is now available also via dus (mkusb version 12.5.6). See this link

mkusb 12.5.6 with new installer for Windows

Edit 4:

A set of workaround commands for woeusb in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is described in the following link,

NTFS partition service issue with creating Windows 10 bootable USB on Ubuntu


You can try to set it in the  nvidia-settings program.

For me the nvidia driver is so bad that i removed the nvidia-driver and use nouvau now. Much faster and more stable.. But in your case the card is probably not supported nicely.


Activate spare for RAID-5 in Disk Utility

It will automatically use the spare as soon as the array becomes degraded, which either happened before you added the spare, or when you failed and removed the bad drive.  Check the status with sudo mdadm -D /dev/md127 and it should show that either it is in the process of rebuilding, or it has finished and everything is fine.


How can I install 13.04 on Nexus 7 instead of 13.10?

The install files you need are available at:

http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-touch-preview/raring/monthly-06/

These are not currently being regularly updated.

Note: You may be better served by being patient. The current development on 12.10 (saucy) has regressed as they change the underlying OS structure and UI code. Once they fix these issues, you will again be much further ahead than development got to on 12.04 (raring).

Not sure if you can currently use the phablet-flash utility to do the install for you.

Will investigate further ..


The problem is that jstest-gtk only changes the mapping of the joystick device, i.e. /dev/input/js0. Most modern games that use SDL however do no longer use the joystick device, but use the raw evdev instead, i.e. /dev/input/eventX and that doesn't allow any remapping.

The quickest workaround is setting an environment variable:

export SDL_JOYSTICK_DEVICE=/dev/input/js0

This will force SDL based applications to use the old joystick device and thus respect the mapping. It won't help with non-SDL applications.

Another alternative is xboxdrv, it's a userspace Xbox360 driver that allows a wide variety of configuration options at the driver level (including keyboard andd mouse emulation). This will work for all games.


Is this example of volumes and filesystems still valid?

Ubuntu 10.04 changes two important things related to the choice of filesystem types and layout: GRUB 2 and ext4.

When Ubuntu's default filesystem was ext3, it made some sense to look for alternatives, because ext3 is pretty reliable and flexible, but somewhat slow. Ext4 is perceptibly faster. Barring special requirements, I would recommend ext4 over the alternatives (ext2, ext3, ReiserFS, XFS, JFS, ZFS, Btrfs). Ext4 sees wider use, so it gets more testing and more optimization on typical Linux platforms. Ext4 has generally better tool support (data recovery, resizing, etc.) under Linux, as well (most ext2/ext3 tools were quickly adapted for ext4). The main contenders now are ZFS and Btrfs; but ZFS isn't well-integrated into Linux and Btrfs isn't quite ready for production use yet.

Wikipedia has a comparison of filesystems. Look there if there's a feature that really matters to you and that ext4 doesn't have. If at all in doubt, pick ext4.

What GRUB 2 changes is primarily the need to have a separate /boot partition. This is higher-maintenance, and no longer has any benefit unless you have old hardware where the BIOS can't access the whole disk (old, as in older than Ubuntu at any rate). GRUB 2 can be installed on LVM.

So just keep it simple:

/      LVM    ext4     50GB
swap   LVM    swap     varies
/home  LVM    ext4     everything else

A separate /var doesn't do much for you. Separating out specific pieces of /var (e.g. /var/log, /var/mail) can make sense if that piece gets a lot of action (e.g. a busy mail server).

How much swap to put depends on what you're going to use the machine for. On a server with many users with shell access, be generous since there'll be a lot of idle applications. On a dedicated web server, you aren't going to be swapping much. There's a historical recommendation of 2*RAM; the reason for that recommendation is wrong but the figure isn't stupid.


Install Linux on an external drive with physical write protection switch

You can install Ubuntu into an external drive (like you would install it into an internal drive). But when an installed system is running, it 'wants to' write to its root partition and that will not work if you make the drive read-only with a hardware switch.

Boot Ubuntu from external drive.

Maybe it is possible to work around this problem, if you use the boot option toram, which puts some of the disk activities into RAM. It is worth trying.

But I think the best alternative is to use an Ubuntu live drive made by cloning from the iso file to the target drive (USB pendrive or memory card). It has an ISO 9660 file system which is read-only by design, so there is no risk, that it will be modified. All disk activities will be run in RAM.

You can clone with the Startup Disk Creator in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and newer versions, and with Disks alias gnome-disks and with mkusb.


It's Google's fault: youtube or chromium, or maybe both. It happens to me too. Quite often. They are making some radical changes to Youtube, completely removing flash from it, and , at the same time, adding more features like webm standard, in-motion preview of clips, implementing some torrent-like local streaming for faster incremental loading, etc.

Try changing your browser for a while, or watching youtube clips in SMPlayer, Minitube, etc. Youtube will load slower, but the overall performance will be more stable.


How do you copy a directory that has a variable in a path to a designated destination with a standard path

Here is an example you can use.

34 23 * * * /bin/bash -c '/usr/bin/rsync -aH --delete ~/"Backup/$(date +\%d_\%m_\%Y)_files/LoadsofStuff/" ~/"Backup/Daily/LoadsofStuff"'

The first 5 columns specify when the job will run: hour, minute, etc. in your local time zone. It's 11:34 PM in the example above. For details on these 5 columns, see section 5 of Crontab – Quick Reference. After the 5 columns is the command to run.

To configure cron jobs, type EDITOR=nano crontab -e (or vi in pleace of nano if you prefer) and add the above line (all on one line) to the file. To list current jobs, type crontab -l.

The example will overwrite and delete files in ~/Backup/Daily/LoadsofStuff each day. I just want to be sure this is what you want.

Note the / at the end of the source folder. This tells rsync to copy everything inside of the LoadsofStuff folder to the target folder.

On each run, bash will run date and replace $(date +%d_%m_%Y) with the output. The backslash before each percent sign is something crontab requires.


Notification download for XChat with Unity?

No, I don't see that feature in the Xchat shipped with Ubuntu 11.10.


How to separate 2 variables in awk print with echo?

#!/bin/bash

# exit if input is empty.
[[ -z $1 ]] && exit 1

# Check in the file /etc/portals for
# the existens of the word "$1" and place
# first word in "$a" and rest in "$b".
while read -r a b; do
    printf %s\\t%s\\n $a "$b"
done < <(grep -P "^(?!#).*$1" /etc/portals)


Keep it simple; this works alright (tested in Ubuntu 12.04):

#!/bin/bash

function isitthere
{
    [ -f TheFile ]
}

if isitthere; then
    echo "Your program is properly installed."
else
    echo "Your program isn't properly installed."
fi


I encounter this error a lot if I forget that I have had an active VPN on from another session, it sometimes gets buggy.

Try running sudo pkill vpn
To remove any active openvpn processes.
This bug normally only occurs when a VPN remains active through a reboot.


Gaming in a Virtual box will not give you a good experience. 3D resources (e.g. GPU RAM) will be shared with your 12.04 host. Some games will probably work, like Minecraft. But running heavy programs like recent DirectX games will not work.

So my suggestion will be to run a XP Virtual machine for old games and dual boot Windows 7 for recent games.


Mounting a flash drive on Ubuntu 16.04 failed

I recommend to switch to the Main Server in Software & Updates (software-properties-gtk):

and ensure that you have all updates enabled:

then run sudo apt-get dist-upgrade again.

And finally run:

sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils


If you define a shortcut on window manager's level, it won't go to Nautilus. Combined with Zenity, you can even show yourself an alert.
First make sure Zenity is installed
sudo apt-get install zenity

Now go to System Settings (or run gnome-control-center) → Keyboard → Shortcuts tab, select Custom shortcuts (last item in the left menu), click + to create new shortcut. Call it however you want, and set this command:
zenity --error --text='Stop doing that!'

Once you add the shortcut, assign Shift+Delete to it. Now every time you press Shift+Delete, you get a warning box. Unfortunately this means you can't use this shortcut within any application, but it's rather quick workaround to get rid of a habit.


Exclude user from using systemwide installed programs

Below a combination of measures you can take, to restrict users locally from using defined applications. They are not meant (nor fit) for unattended usage, in public spaces for example, but do create a usable restricted desktop. It is mainly the combination of measures that makes it more difficult to bypass. Furthermore if someone manages to launch a "forbidden" application, it will be logged.

The answer is a bit extensive. The setup is not, and you are assisted by two scripts.

What the setup exists of

A selection of software, made unavailable from the interface by editing their local desktop file by a script (further below)
Making the terminal only available via password, so running applications from the terminal is made more difficult.
Changing the default keycombination of opening the terminal, instead of ctrlaltt
Logging the usage of a "blacklist" of software you define, in case some smart user might surpass your setup

How to setup

Setting up a broad selection of software, unavailable from the interface.

Log in, to the user account you want to restrict
Make a (temporary) folder (no matter where, on the desktop for example) to edit some
files.
Browse into the directory /usr/share/applications Select all (desktop files of) applications you want the user to be excluded from (don't select all of them without looking, some of them are necessary to set up your desktop)
Copy these desktop files into the temporary directory you created, for bulk-editing.
Copy the text below, paste it into an empty file, save it in the same temporary folder as no_openapp.py.
CD into the directory(!) and run it with the command: python3 no_openapp.py.

The script did a few things:

1] Create a blacklist of commands (for later use, see further below) 2] Edit the desktop files to show a message instead of running the application. If you move the desktop files to ~/.local/share/applications, on next login the applications will not run from Unity or Dash.

#!/usr/bin/python3

import os
import getpass
import subprocess

desktopfile_dir = os.getcwd()
file_list = os.listdir(os.getcwd())
edit_subjects = [desktopfile_dir+"/"+item for item in file_list]

def create_blacklist():
    command_list = []
    for item in edit_subjects:
        with open(item) as blacklist_source:
            searchlines = blacklist_source.readlines()
        try:
            native_command = [
                line for line in searchlines if line.startswith("Exec=")
                ][0].replace("Exec=", "").replace("\n", "")
            cleaned_command = native_command.split(" ")[0]
            command_list.append(cleaned_command)
        except IndexError:
            pass

    with open(desktopfile_dir+"/blacklist.txt", "wt") as created_blacklist:
        created_blacklist.write(str(command_list))

def make_unavailable():
    for item in edit_subjects:
        try:
            with open(item, "r") as make_unav:
                lines = make_unav.readlines()
                line_range = range(0, len(lines))
                for index in line_range:
                    if lines[index].startswith("Exec="):
                        lines[index] = 'Exec=zenity --info --text="You are not allowed to use this application"\n'
                    else:
                        pass
            with open(item, "wt") as make_unav:
                for line in lines:
                    make_unav.write(line)
        except (IsADirectoryError, IndexError, PermissionError):
            pass

create_blacklist()
make_unavailable()

Restrict the use of the terminal

make the terminal accesible with a password, like in this post.
if the user is familiar with the key combination of ctrlaltt, change the default combination:

System>Preferences>Keyboard Shortcuts > key combinations (tab).

In case you have a wizzkid bypass your measures, catch him

In case a user manages to get a forbidden application running, make sure you catch him. for this, we use the blacklist, created in step one.
create a folder on a hidden location. Copy the "blacklist.txt", created in step one to the directory.
copy the text below, paste it into an empty textfile and save it to the same directory as the blacklist, as processes.py.
open a terminal window, type crontab -e. add the following line to the crontab file:

* * * * *  cd /path/to/script; python3 processes.py

The blacklist is a list of process names. The script checks every minute if one of the black-listed applications is running, and keeps record in a log file (in the same directory as where the script is located). The name of the log file is log.txt. Optionally, you can make the script kill the forbidden application (not the default). To make it kill the application(s), change the line kill_apps = "no" into kill_apps = "yes" (in the head section of the sript).

#!/usr/bin/python3

import os
import datetime
import subprocess
import getpass

curr_dir = os.getcwd()
curruser = getpass.getuser()

# should forbidden applications be killed?
kill_apps = "yes"

def produce_commands_ofapp():
    with open(curr_dir+"/blacklist.txt", "r") as blacklist:
        blacklist = eval(blacklist.read())
    return blacklist

def createlist_runningprocs():
    processesb = subprocess.Popen(["ps", "-u", curruser], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    process_listb = (processesb.communicate()[0].decode("utf-8")).split("\n")
    return process_listb

def runsornot():
    check_blacklist = produce_commands_ofapp()
    runningprocs_list = createlist_runningprocs()
    found_matches = [item for item in check_blacklist
                       if item[:15] in str(runningprocs_list)]
    if len(found_matches) != 0:
        with open(curr_dir+"/log.txt", "a+") as logfile:
            logfile.write(str(found_matches)+" "+str(datetime.datetime.now())+"\n")
    else:
        pass
    if kill_apps == "yes":
        for application in found_matches:
            kill_forbidden(application)
    else:
        pass

def kill_forbidden(app_command):
    # get the pid length of system
    get_size = subprocess.Popen(
        ["cat", "/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max"],
        stdout=subprocess.PIPE
        )
    size = len((get_size.communicate()[0].decode("utf-8")).replace("\n", ""))
    # get the appropriate pid line & pid
    process_list = createlist_runningprocs()
    appr_pid = [
        line for line in process_list if \
        app_command[:15] in line][0][:size+1].replace(" ", "")
    # kill the found process
    subprocess.Popen(["kill", "-9", appr_pid])

runsornot()

As said, the setup can be bypassed. However, the combination of measures, and the fact that you have to know what they are, make it a reasonable defence in case of an avarage usere with an average knowledge on how to manipulate the system.


I usually edit the /etc/init.d/ondemand file and change echo -n ondemand > $CPUFREQ to echo -n performance > $CPUFREQ.

The system uses performance during boot and then that script sets it to ondemand after boot.

Edit: You can also disable this script: sudo update-rc.d -f ondemand remove


Ubuntu server 16.04 installations have no udev rules

Ähm, Udev rules from system are in /lib/udev/rules.d/. Otherwise you would not be able to boot.

dpkg -L udev

Is one of the Server an upgrade from trusty? Since systemd version 204 cannonical droppt 75-persistent-net-generator.rules and others. systemd 204

But own rules in /etc/udev/rules.d are read bei udev.


Stuck at loading screen after removing LightDM

1- Run ctrl + alt + f2
2- Login with root or an admin.
3- sudo apt-get install lightdm
4- sudo apt-get update
5- sudo service lightdm start
6- sudo reboot


Ubuntu 20.04 - different scaling for multi display setup

I solved this question simply installing gdm3 and choosing this display manager instead of lightdm which was the default installation of ubuntu session on 20.04 release. Now it is possible choose different ad fractional scaling on multiple monitors (eg. native 1920x1080 and 3840x2160 on auxiliary monitor)


Deleting iso file used to install Ubuntu on VirtualBox

You have to open the Virtual Media Manager window. Under Ubuntu's Virtual Box it is located under File -> Virtual Media Managers. Then you can go to the Optical disks tab and delete the iso image from there. Once deleted, you can remove the actual iso image file stored on your Windows host.

In addition, I would recommend to open the settings of your virtual machine and delete the iso image from the  Storage tab. Typically if you delete actual iso image, the virtual box will complain and you have to remove the iso from list in Virtual Media Manager like I said before, but just to avoid extra unforseen issues , delete it from Storage tab as well


Difference between Ubuntu LTS and normal version in terms of packages offered

As long as all your computers are running the same version of Ubuntu (14.04) with the same repositories they will have the same packages available to you when you update (upgrade).

Updates, for the most part, contain security patches and bug fixes. Sometimes a packages update will contain a newer version, but, in general, the backport repository or a ppa would be used for more recent or higher versions of packages.

See:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports

What to expect from an update is outlined here  - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuUpdates

You may of course elect to do security only updates - How can I install just security updates from the command line?

If you need a newer package that is not in the repos or a ppa you would have to search for a .deb / repository (check the project home page), build from source, or upgrade to a higher version of Ubuntu.

Generally speaking, server side, most people prefer long term releases (such as Ubuntu LTS, Centos, RHEL) for stability at the sacrifice of newer packages and newer feature.

With that general overview, what is it you are wanting ? security only updates ? A package not in the repositories ? Please update your question if this does not answer what you are asking.


Ubuntu 20.04 freezs with Lenovo Thinkpad t14

Remove the
/dev/mapper/vgubuntu-swap_1 none            swap    sw              0       0

line from /etc/fstab. It sets up an encrypted swap that probably doesn't exist.


Nothing wrong with your RAM, CPU, Disk or swap.

In the following lines the 2> /dev/null just means "ignore any errors"

Make a full system backup  (You're user type 4)
sudo apt-get purge gedit
sudo rm -r ~/.local/share/gedit/* 2> /dev/null
sudo rm -r /usr/lib/gedit/* 2> /dev/null
sudo rm -r /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.gedit.plugins.* 2> /dev/null
sudo apt-get install gedit

gets rid of anything that can cause stability problems in gedit and then re-installs it.


You might want to add the nfs-kernel-server to autostart with

update-rc.d nfs-kernel-server enable


isc_stdio_open '/var/log/bind9/query.log' failed: permission denied

On /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.named

/var/log/named/** rw,
/var/log/named/ rw,

You must adjust permissions or dir here.

Some people like to put logs in /var/log/named/ instead of having syslog do the heavy lifting.


What happened to "Backgrounds and Emblems" in Nautilus?

Emblems was removed for the 3.0 release.

  with Nautilus 3.0 around the corner, I went ahead and removed
  'Backgrounds and Emblems' from nautilus.

  There are some reasons for it:

  the code is quite old and crufty, pulls in a lot of libeel code and is basically unmaintained.
  the feature, as it stands, is not really useful, and it's more cosmetic than anything else, especially now that we use browser mode
  by default.
  we're trying to achieve a more streamlined nautilus (see e.g. [1] and [2]), and removing legacy features goes in the right direction.

Reference: http://mail.gnome.org/archives/nautilus-list/2010-July/msg00023.html


Cant boot back into windows10 cant install Ubuntu

First of all, you might want to ensure that the data on the hard disk is secure. So, boot into a live session of Ubuntu through "Try Ubuntu without installing" and check out the drives.

Next, try re-installing Ubuntu the right way as explained here.