What can be done to fix LVM partition problems? Can't boot Windows after attempting to install Ubuntu

Your /dev/sda2 is an extended partition, which means that it's a placeholder for one or more logical partitions. Thus, what you're seeing in GParted is normal. Furthermore, your Boot Repair output indicates that you're using a Logical Volume Manager (LVM) setup, which is why you can't directly access /dev/sda5 -- it's further subdivided in an LVM way. None of this is cause for concern by itself, although an LVM setup is relatively advanced, and I think you've misconfigured it....

Your disk has SYSLINUX installed in the MBR, which is unusual but not necessarily wrong. (Ubuntu uses GRUB by default, not SYSLINUX.) When using an LVM, though, you normally have a separate /boot partition, but you don't seem to have one. Furthermore, your /dev/sda1 is marked with a Linux partition type code (0x83), and it's of a reasonable size to be /boot; but Boot Repair has identified it as being NTFS and holding Windows boot files.

Overall, it looks to me as if you followed advanced instructions for Ubuntu installation but mis-read one or more steps and ended up with a rather mangled hash of things. My recommendation is to back up any user files (using a Windows emergency disk), wipe both your disks clean, and start again with re-installing both Windows and Ubuntu, but don't try to be as fancy in your installation. If wiping Windows is too painful to contemplate, then you could try recovering that and start over just with Ubuntu. You'd probably need to use fdisk to change the type code of /dev/sda1 from 0x83 to 0x07, delete /dev/sda5 and then /dev/sda2, and then ask on a Windows forum about recovery. Be careful, though! It's entirely possible that you'll dig yourself in even deeper -- for instance, if /dev/sda and /dev/sde change identities (as can happen), you might delete your NTFS partitions if you follow this advice.

Remember: Backups are your friends!


Ubuntu 16.04 Desktop performance - setting CPU frequency governor to performance

You had 3 questions:

  Should I be changing the governors like this?

Sure, if that is what you want to do. The cost is higher energy consumption. Note that even using the performance governor the CPU itself can backoff the pstate (performance state) under very low load.

Some further research said that you shouldn't force performance with the intel_pstate driver. Is this true?

One shouldn't notice a great lot of difference between the powersave and performance CPU frequency governors using the intel_pstate CPU frequency driver. However, and apparently, you seems to have some sort of unique work flow that accentuates the difference. To answer your question: You can do whatever you want and whatever makes sense for your application.

  If it's ok, how do I permanently set the governor to performance? I
  tried making a systemd service that set it at boot, but I'm not sure
  if it's working. It sets the governor to performance at boot, then
  changes it to powersave after a few minutes. This is when using the
  intel_pstate driver.

Ubuntu uses a script, /etc/init.d/ondemand, to change the governor to ondemand (or powersave if there is no ondemand) after 1 minute. So you'll have to delete, or modify it, or add some other boot script that sleeps for more than 1 minute before changing the governor back.

The default, defined by the Ubuntu kernel configuration file, is the performance governor during boot.


Ubuntu 16.04 MariaDB 10.1 installation in Retrograde :D

This article helped get mariadb 10.1.20 up and running on 16.04.1, after all that mess.

https://www.linuxbabe.com/mariadb/install-mariadb-10-1-ubuntu14-04-15-10

I still don't know how to read the murky retrograde :D and how to avoid it in future.

Perhaps now I would be able to use my old database files from the tarball ... tips anyone?

Specifically, from this article, I didn't use the sudo apt-key adv... line because I had already done that, and IMPORTANT I tried to use aptitude to delete unused files before using Xiao Guoan's steps.  Seems I don't have aptitude :) yet.

Well, some people having this problem are clearly newer than me to this, ... consider running mysqyl_secure_installation right after it.

See https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/mysql_secure_installation/

I still don't know how to read how the retrograde :) happened.

Thanks... esp., if you'd have any tips


Messing around with Unity on Ubuntu 19.04, resulted a messed GNOME

I fixed it.

By figuring out GNOME and Unity shares their configuration each other, I logged in to Unity and applied GNOME's configurations. Then I logged back in to GNOME and everything is back to normal!

I could then purge the desktop without losing any components.


Yes, this is very possible, and there are several paths you can take.  Even though your original machine is a virtual one already, you'll find that guides provided for physical-to-virtual conversions are very helpful - for instance, this one from Linode.  Other VPS hosts will likely provide at least one way to boot from a separate disk.

If you'd like to be more efficient with your local bandwidth, you can transfer a list of your installed packages, and have the remote host install them before sending your configuration files, presumably in /etc and/or your /home or /root directories.  You can send files to your remote server using SFTP, if it's running an SSH server daemon.  SFTP is encrypted over the wire, and  supported by various file managers like Nautilus and Thunar.

Note: RSync will also use SSH/SFTP as its transfer protocol, so anything transferred by it will be encrypted as well.  Even if you don't use RSync, it's still a good idea to stop each service before copying its configuration file to the remote server.


Where has the hotkey for "Insert" -> "Cross-reference" gone in LibreOffice Writer?

It's just the way it is in the new version.  As I use cross-references a lot, I never even noticed because I've got a short-cut key defined for that: Ctrl+Alt+E

Go to Tools then Customise and click on the Keyboard tab.
Navigate to the shortcut key Ctrl+Alt+E as in the above screenshot
Click category "Insert", function "Cross-reference"
Hit Modify and then OK


There is no Ubuntu touch for this device (that I could find).

You should look at xubuntu as your CPU is weak, it comes with an on-screen keyboard, find it in Applications > Universal Access > Onboard Settings, so no worries there, on the log in screen you will see the accessibility icon ( a little man symbol) and can start the keyboard from there.

Also any usb keyboard will work too.

If your tablet is old and not important, whats wrong with just trying some distros ? If something won't work, try a different one.

UPDATE: This may be of interest to any x86 tablet users.

There is actually a early daily build of Ubuntu Touch 15.10 (Wily Werewolf) on ubuntu.com, can't say how well it works, it is a daily.

Looking at the tablet in this question, it should meet the requierments for running Touch.


How to reconfigure or reset keyboard layout switching?

Yes, that setting was for old releases (if i remember <13.10) which expect only one input method (xim). It is still used for Xubuntu & Lubuntu. For Ubuntu/Gubuntu, You are right the new setting is:

Settings → Keyboard → Shortcuts → Typing

I see you are using ibus as default input method. So some shortcuts may override by ibus because it has its own settings and can filter input.

If you have to use ibus for CTL language input, check it configuration ibus-setup, probably these below options are related, however check all settings:

Advanced tab → Use system keyboard layout
General tab → Net input method shortcut

Also check that all you GUI kits (GTK, QT ..) use same input method:

env | grep -i im

If you don't really need it disable ibus (Also you may disable it just to test, if the issue originates from it)


My Ubuntu 20.04 appearance settings are mostly grayed out

I was able to figure out a workable solution by installing a gnome extension. Using this answer: Install GNOME Shell extensions from terminal

Text below in case the link goes away.

  Dash to Dock GNOME extension

  As seen at https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/307/dash-to-dock/

  Download the .zip file here
  https://micheleg.github.io/dash-to-dock/releases.html

  Note: the name of the downloaded .zip file may be different than the
  dash-to-dock@micxgx.gmail.com.zip shown in the unzip command shown
  below. Adjust the command as necessary for the correct .zip name.

  See the manual installation notes here
  https://micheleg.github.io/dash-to-dock/download.html

  Manual installation

  You can also obtain the extension in the form of a zip archive from
  the release page. Look for the latest version supporting your shell
  version. The extension can be installed by means of gnome-tweak-tool,
  or alternatively by directly extracting the archive in the a directory
  named dash-to-dock@micxgx.gmail.com inside
  ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/

  unzip dash-to-dock@micxgx.gmail.com.zip \
  -d ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/dash-to-dock@micxgx.gmail.com/

  Shell reload is required Alt+F2 r Enter. The extension can be enabled
  with gnome-tweak-tool, or with dconf by adding
  dash-to-dock@micxgx.gmail.com to the
  /org/gnome/shell/enabled-extensions key.

  Note: DtD is not compatible with 19.04.

  rumor has it, that if you uninstall Ubuntu Dock, that DtD will work
  with 19.04

  it also appears that the manual installation of DtD will make this
  work in 19.04

I was able to download the .zip for dash-to-dock and extract it to the right location so gnome-tweaks would pick it up. The extensions section had the Dock to Dash entry and enabling it allowed me to move the dock around and see resize it as I expected.

I'm not sure if this dock behavior is a new feature of 20.04 or something on my system is broken, but I hope this helps someone.


"yo" (Node/Javascript module) installation failed

i had the same problem, maybe this will help you:

sudo npm install -g yo --unsafe-perm

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30570698/permission-denied-while-installing-yo


Crontab script writing just NULL to database

It seemed to be a problem with my paths. I edited crontab -e like this and it worked on a every minute schedule (So it will at 1am too, I guess):
0 1 * * * cd /home && /bin/bash /home/performanceRatio.sh


${HOME} means your home directory which is /home/username by default. Simply create a new Folder there named "VST3 SDK" and unpack the archive there.

The "\ " is used to indicate a whitespace, because if you would use a terminal command a whitespace also seperates arguments.


You should open your case and read all the data you are interested in at the power supply only or at the laptop adapter because power supplies don't have signals(no data bus) to "tell" about themselves to the any device like mainboard.


directing Ubuntu install to correct device

IN the end I just took the inelegant approach of disconnecting the 2nd HDD, and redoing the Ubuntu installation on the sole primary drive. This time it prompted me as described in the install steps to allocate space between Windows and Ubuntu.
I reconnected the 2nd drive and on reboot, I got the Dual Boot prompt choices.
There must be a more elegant approach but this got the job done.

Peter


The order of the options on the command line was wrong.
See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45135/why-does-the-order-in-which-libraries-are-linked-sometimes-cause-errors-in-gcc as suggested above.


Unable to install or update to fastqc v0.11.9

After removing the older version of fastqc using apt purge fastqc, I downloaded the latest version folder and extracted the files in my Users folder. To make it recognizable by Ubuntu, I set the FastQC directory in my PATH using

 export PATH=$PATH:/mnt/c/Users/shivani/fastqc_v0.11.9/FastQC

and checked the version by

fastqc --version

The only downside is that every time I launch Ubuntu, I have to set FastQC in PATH to make it accessible.


Why shell and browser return diffrent ip address?

If you want to use wget with a proxy, use the --proxy=on option and export the proxy address with export http_proxy="http://proxy.example.com:8080"

See here: http://tech.gaeatimes.com/index.php/archive/how-to-use-wget-through-proxy/ or check the wget man page https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/manual/wget.html


It turns out mkfs.ext4 was the reason, since the command is newer on Ubuntu 18.04 than the mounter on the embedded system, causing the following error during boot:

EXT4-fs (mmcblk1p2): couldn't mount RDWR because of unsupported optional features (400)

Based on this thread and this information, I disabled the metadata_csum feature with the following option while creating the filesystem, and the system booted normally:

/usr/bin/sudo /sbin/mkfs.ext4 -O ^metadata_csum -L 'rootfs' /dev/sdc1


memory allocation different when lookup in system monitor

Answer it by myself.
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=linux+overcommit+memory&atb=v203-1&ia=web
Linux waits until actually start doing things like
ptr[i][0] = 1;
before actually mapping memory into your program address space.
After I assign values of array, the memory usage from lookup in system monitor is correct!


According to the bug report, the file doesn't exist so you have to create it in the first place.

Run the following commands in terminal:

If you run gksudo gedit /etc/pm/config.d/unload_modules

And then add SUSPEND_MODULES="xhci"

Then save it, you will have to reboot in order to get the module suspended on boot.

See if that gives you your suspend functionality back.

However. It does look like the XHCI module is important and this work around may cause more bad than good.


To install jdownloader try this.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the commands below.

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:jd-team/jdownloader

sudo apt-get update

 sudo apt-get install jdownloader-installer


Can't copy files on external 1 tb toshiba drive

Not sure what filesystem is on the external drive, but if it's one that knows "owners" maybe you're not the owner of the directory/files, so can't change it. Could try going into (cd) the mounted drive and

sudo chown [yourusername] -R .

using whatever your username is (see whoami) so you become the owner.


Do the following:

Edit NetworkManager.conf by executing:

gksudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

Comment out dns=dnsmasq with "#"
reboot.


Likely your issue is that what you think of as startup is not what upstart uses it for. Startup is one of the first events emitted during the system init script boot. So you may well be missing things like network stack and drivers, filesystems, almost everything really. Re-read the manpage carefully about the meaning of the startup event, and also what started means too.

Here's the process I use to check and test upstart services.

Firstly check your config:

# silent if the config is valid
initctl check-config sonar
# reload the configuration to pick up latest changes
initctl reload-configuration

I also add a script -- that does run on startup -- to switch upstart into debug logging mode:

sudo -s
cat <<EOCONF > /etc/init/upstart-debug.conf
description "enable debugging of upstart from within"
author      "@dch__"
version     "0.1"

start on startup

task
exec initctl log-priority debug

As it's a task it runs just once. The result now is that you get a lot more detail in /var/log/dmesg - just | grep init: for the history.

For your specific upstart job I'd change the following:

for normal user daemons I run start on started networking and filesystem which works successfully on Quantal and Precise, but probably not earlier versions.
use an absolute path rather than a relative one.
check to see if your sonar.sh script forks or daemonises, if so you will likely need to add expect fork or expect daemon as a stanza.
finally, sprinkle either emit ... stanzas, or shell echo here statements in your pre-exec and exec scripts and check for this output in the corresponding /var/log/upstart/sonar.log.


Evince is no longer auto-reloading documents. How can I troubleshoot this?

Luis' suggestion worked. I used the following command:

echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=100000 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf; sudo sysctl -p

as suggested by the question he linked to, which was addressing Dropbox syncing.


These parts of the PS1 have length 0, because they set the formatting (using ANSI escape sequences) but do not produce any other output:

\e[1;34m
\e[m
$(tput sgr0)

Also:

You can take out $(tput sgr0) because \e[m does the exact same thing.
Put the PS1 in single quotes, so that variables and commands in it are dynamic, not static. (Though it's not important in this situation.)

So you're looking for this command:

export PS1='\[\e[1;34m\]\u@\H : \[\e[m\]'


How to setup dual boot (non windows) and switch later

Ok, I found that I can install Grub4Dos http://sourceforge.net/projects/grub4dos/ I used bootlace.exe from DOS to setup Grub4Dos in the MBR, and created a menu.lst which boots into DOS (and then into windows CE). To swap to booting from linux, I then just need to modify the menu.lst file on the c: drive to make it boot into Linux on the second partition...

It seems like the documentation for grub4dos is pretty terrible, but http://diddy.boot-land.net/grub4dos/Grub4dos.htm helped a lot


How can I install ubuntu from the ISO in Windows?

If you mount the ISO using something like Daemon Tools, it should have wubi.exe autostart immediately and install using the mounted drive.
If this has changed in recent times, when you run the windows installer, you should be able to choose either the iso file or the mounted iso drive as the source.
Edit:
Yes you are right, there is no manual source change option. You need do the below

How can I use a manually downloaded ISO?
You need to download the DESKTOP CD ISO of the appropriate version. Place the ISO in the same folder where you have wubi.exe and then run Wubi. For example, Wubi 11.10 requires the 11.10 DESKTOP ISO, available here.
Note that you need a DESKTOP CD ISO. A DVD ISO may not work (except for Edubuntu). Alternate ISO files are not supported.

Source : WubiGuide
Good Luck!


icons are not displayed properly after removing gnome

sudo apt-get autoremove gnome*

That is definitevly not the way to remove gnome or any oher desktop enviroment. Since you installed xubuntu you might wanna reinstall the xubuntu desktop package to install wathever you removed with the first comand.

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

If you are planning to try other desktop enviroment in the future please check http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/purexubuntu


Cannot find drive after installing Ubuntu

Open gparted and note the name of the 130GB drive,it will be like(/dev/sdxx).
Run the below command to manually mount a partition or drive.

sudo mount /dev/sdxx

In the above command replace xx with your 130GB partition's last letter and number.

Once you executed the above command,your drive will be mounted in /media.


Sadly; there is no iPad App. but you may use the compatible iPhone App that will also work on your iPad.

1- From You iPad, open App store and search for Ubuntu One Files and/or Ubuntu One Music (Remember to search iPhone Apps)

2 You may also get them from https://one.ubuntu.com/downloads/iphone/ and you will have a direct links to the App Store


Why does ls -l output a different size from ls -s?


How to change volume of pulseaudio playback apps and streams that aren't currently in use?

Pulseaudio comes with a command line interface (man pulse-cli-syntax) to control many settings.

We can either load the command line parser pacmd or we call commands directly in a terminal or script:

pacmd set-sink-volume <index> <volume>
pacmd set-source-volume <index> <volume>

controls the volume of a given sink where <index> is the sink index (listed with pacmd list-sinks) and <volume> is any value from 0 (= Mute) to 65536 = 100%.

The configurations files in ~/.config/pulse (formerly ~/.pulse which may still be active in an upgraded installation) are not meant to be read or edited in a default setting. We can however create a custom default.pa there to override settings in /etc/pulse/default.pa.

For 12.04 earcandy may be used for audio control. Sadly this application is not further developed and not available in later releases.

See also notes for this answer.


A rather long question about installation/uninstall

You just need to go the disk management in the windows and delete the partition you have made,so that you can regain that space without any uninstalling or reinstalling


It should work out of the box. Just plug it in and you're good to go. You can test it out with the simple (yet powerful) program called "mypaint", available in the software center.

If it doesn't work (usually because it's a brand new piece of hardware) it's possible that you need to update the module for wacom tablets. You can do that by entering the following in the terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:doctormo/wacom-plus
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install wacom-dkms

Restart your computer and plug in your tablet. It should work now.


Ubuntu installer wants to download itself again

There is another way if u have a USB stick or a dvd. burn the iso to the dvd or make a bootable usb using rufus and then install it.
Here is a great tutorial to get ur things done.


Using duplicity directly, is it possible to have multiple backup plans?

In general, the answer is yes. Duplicity is highly flexible and you can back up different portions of your system differently. It's all about mastering the duplicity command line, however.


Error mounting in Ubuntu and Unmountable boot volume in Windows

don't run ntfsfix... it's only a last resort... and it has consequences.
fix your Windows to work in a dual-boot environment...

In Windows...

boot into Windows
open the Power control panel
choose change what the power buttons do
choose change options that are unavailable
uncheck fast startup
close the Power control panel
open an administrative command prompt window
type powercfg /h off
type chkdsk /f c:
approve to run chkdsk at next reboot
reboot into Windows to let chkdsk run on drive C:

And lastly...

as @MichaelBay suggests... create a new NTFS partition to share files between Windows and Ubuntu.


How secure and portable are Cryptkeeper encrypted folders?

Regarding the 1st question: How secure the data is largely depends on the user. EncFS works with a private and public folder where the public folder is the encrypted version that can be used to upload to an on-line service or across machines. If for example you place an unencrypted file inside the public folder it will be shared making the contents visible to anyone.

If you log in the private folder will not be mounted. A user that would assume something is broken and starts messing with it, instead of just mounting the private folder will loose data. Mind though that "user" here might not be "you".

  Is there a chance that using Cryptkeeper causes data loss?

Here you are probably misunderstanding and also as an answer to your 2nd question: Cryptkeeper is a tool to make it easier to mount/unmount encypted folders. It has nothing to do with the actual encryption. That is done with EncFS.

Question 3 is off topic but as a general answer: EncFS is not Ubuntu specific and can be used on all Linux systems. It will act the same on all those systems; only the method of installation will differ (rpm, yast instead of apt-get). Regarding Windows: there is an experimental implementation of EncFS call EncFSWin. To me an indication to stay away from it unless you make sure to keep the originals away from it (if "experimental" means you someday face an unrecoverable bug you still have the originals).


connection established but browsers say unable to connect

Update: I tried to use other OS like Xubuntu. And by that I mean I had the live CD and then "tried Xubuntu" to see if the connection would work and it didn't I also messed with a few settings in my BIOS and now when I connect to my wifi and my browser connects to the Google main page but nothing else and when I ping 8.8.8.8 it doesn't output anything different


Fresh Ubuntu 14.04 LTS doesn't detect Broadcom BCM4312 Wi-Fi

I see that you have a wired connection. Then install the driver this way.
But close all programs before that. Like Synaptic or others.
Or just reboot. Some program is blocking installation.

Run in terminal

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo modprobe -r b43 bcma
sudo modprobe wl

Wi-Fi should work.


System directly booting to Windows without showing GRUB menu

If I understand you correctly, but it sounds like F9 would be the right choice. I'm not sure though because every PC I've ever owned uses F12 to select a boot device. If F9 doesn't work try F12. Basically you want to get to the menu where you'd select a boot device (like when you're booting from a live usb) and choose the correct partition.

All you have to do is arrow down to the partition ((device) with Ubuntu installed and press enter. Then open a terminal and type sudo update-grub. It should find Ubuntu and re-add it to the grub menu.


I am also using VPCEH Sony VAIO and I got both bluetooth and Wifi working simultaneously. This is how i did it.

Run lsmod | grep sony and you will find a module sony_laptop.

Blacklist it by editing /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf and inserting blacklist sony_laptop.

Save the file and reboot.

Now you should be able to access both Bluetooth and Wifi.


Increase partition size on which Ubuntu is installed?

As a matter of fact, you CAN enlarge the root filesystem while Ubuntu is running (I learned this recently myself here) - this sounds incredible but it's true :)

Here's the list of steps for a simple scenario where you have two partitions, /dev/sda1 is an ext4 partition the OS is booted from and /dev/sdb2 is swap. For this exercise we want to remove the swap partition an extend /dev/sda1 to the whole disk.

As always, make sure you have a backup of your data - since we're going to modify the partition table there's a chance to lose all your data if you make a typo, for example.
Run sudo fdisk /dev/sda

use p to list the partitions. Make note of the start cylinder of /dev/sda1
use d to delete first the swap partition (2) and then the /dev/sda1 partition. This is very scary but is actually harmless as the data is not written to the disk until you write the changes to the disk.
use n to create a new primary partition. Make sure its start cylinder is exactly the same as the old /dev/sda1 used to have. For the end cylinder agree with the default choice, which is to make the partition to span the whole disk.
use a to toggle the bootable flag on the new /dev/sda1
review your changes, make a deep breath and use w to write the new partition table to disk. You'll get a message telling that the kernel couldn't re-read the partition table because the device is busy, but that's ok.

Reboot with sudo reboot. When the system boots, you'll have a smaller filesystem living inside a larger partition.
The next magic command is resize2fs. Run sudo resize2fs /dev/sda1 - this form will default to making the filesystem to take all available space on the partition.

That's it, we've just resized a partition on which Ubuntu is installed, without booting from an external drive.


It looks like memory related fault.  You may try running memtest+ from your boot menu, or Ubuntu installation CD to make sure.

And there are some other tools available, that goes with more hardware tests and not only memory.  Some of them are presented as answer in this question.


From the Official FAQ Page at Raspberry Pi:

What Linux distros will be supported at launch?
Fedora, Debian and ArchLinux will be supported from the start. We hope
to see support from other distros later. (Because of issues with newer
releases of Ubuntu and the ARM processor we are using, Ubuntu can’t
commit to support Raspberry Pi at the moment.) You will be able to
download distro images from us as soon as the Raspberry Pi is
released, and we will also be selling pre-loaded SD cards shortly
after release.

Source: My answer on Raspberry Pi SE

EDIT
It seems that since the launch of Raspberry Pi 2, Snappy Ubuntu Core can be run on RP2.

Thanks to a very successful collaboration between the Raspberry Pi Foundation and Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, we are pleased to announce that Snappy Ubuntu Core is available for the Raspberry Pi 2, the latest Raspberry Pi family member.

Snappy Ubuntu Core on Raspberry Pi 2 | Ubuntu Insights

However, it should be noted for the anxious that this is not a desktop version of Ubuntu.


Can't execute binaries in a mounted ext filesystem, why?

The issue got resolved by changing the mount option from 'user' to 'nouser'. I have not idea why though...


How to remove the MySQL Server 5.5 from Ubuntu 14.04?

rc  mysql-server-5.5 means, that the package is uninstalled (r), but some configuration files remain (c) (in case you want to install it again later). In order to remove them (and make the package disappear from dpkg -l altogether), use sudo apt-get purge mysql-server-5.5.


How do I quickly move a file from one tab to the other in PCManFM

To move a file between folders open in two adjacent tabs:

Press Ctrl, and without releasing it, press one after the other: X, Tab, V (then release Ctrl).

This is just Ctrl+X to cut, Ctrl+Tab to switch tabs and Ctrl+V to paste, thus accomplishing a move to the next tab.

Do the same using a single shortcut (but still two or three key presses)

xdotool allows automation of keyboard and mouse clicks/movements; install it with sudo apt-get install xdotool
Copy and paste the below to an sh file, say pcmanmove.sh in your home directory:

#!/bin/bash
xdotool key --clearmodifiers ctrl+x
sleep 0.125
xdotool key --clearmodifiers Ctrl+Tab
sleep 0.125
xdotool key --clearmodifiers ctrl+v

Make it executable with chmod +x ~/pcmanmove.sh
Open Settings...Keyboard, and go to the Shortcuts tab. Create a custom shortcut, naming it whatever you want, and setting the "Command" path to /home/username/pcmanmove.sh. Click Apply. The right-column will say "Disable", click on it and you'll see "New Accelerator": press your shortcut key combo. I chose Ctrl+Alt+X, for example.

Now, with two tabs open in PCmanFM, press the custom shortcut to accomplish the move in one-quarter of a second! ;)


How to install a higher version of wine?

Install latest Wine in Ubuntu via PPA. Open Terminal (Press Ctrl+Alt+T) and copy the following commands in the Terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine1.5
sudo apt-get install winetricks

Source : NoobsLabs

Note: The above answer is outdated now and only goes up to Wine 1.8. For the latest Wine version, you can add this repository instead:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wine/wine-builds
sudo apt update
sudo apt winehq-devel

From the answer to this question.


How to clean cache and orphan dependencies in snap and flatpak?

I have not come across one but the following should help:
Snapd
Snap generally preserves at least three revisions (older versions) of any software / package you have installed at any point of time. This makes snapd/cache very bulky. You can set to 1 or 2 using
sudo snap set system refresh.retain=2  // starting from snapd version 2.34
This way you preserver lot of space. Now, clearing the cached installation
sudo rm -rf /var/cache/snapd

flatpak
The analogous process of sudo apt autoremove in flatpak is
flatpak uninstall --unused


It depends why you were getting blue screens for. If they were caused by a failing hard disk, then you will probably get similar problems with Ubuntu.

Check your disk for errors and if bad sectors show up, you need to consider forking out for a new HDD


How to install latest HPLIP on my Ubuntu to support my HP printer and/or scanner?

Installation
Currently there are no PPAs with newer hplip packages.
But user can download and install binary from HP as described in their manual.
Before you proceed you should remove any hplip related packages to avoid possible future conflicts.
HP have note about this problem on support page:

Warning: If you are upgrading HPLIP and HPLIP is already preinstalled with your distribution, or you if you installed HPLIP using an RPM, DEB, or other package, please uninstall the previous version using the method specific for your distribution. If you do not do this, you may have package conflict issues or functionality problems.

I have experimentally determined the list of packages (tested on 16.04 LTS and 18.04 LTS) and below are commands:
sudo apt-get purge hplip hplip-data hplip-doc hplip-gui hpijs-ppds \
libsane-hpaio printer-driver-hpcups printer-driver-hpijs
sudo rm -rf /usr/share/hplip/

sudo apt-get autoremove

Then you should perform the following steps:

Step 1: Download the Automatic Installer (.run file) from official link for the Ubuntu or as for today using wget
wget https://download.sourceforge.net/project/hplip/hplip/3.21.4/hplip-3.21.4.run

Step 2: Run the Automatic Installer
sh hplip-3.21.4.run

Then follow instructions on screen (it should ask password of your sudo-capable user to run apt, and remove hplip-gui files if they were installed). The installation process is already well-documented on HPLIP site.
After installation it will show printer installation wizard and you can add printer to the system.

Uninstallation
Here we start with binary HPLIP installation (so we do not have HPLIP-related deb-packages installed).
Let's consider that we have installation file hplip-3.21.4.run in the current directory. We need to extract archive from it and then run uninstallation script.
sh hplip-3.21.4.run --noexec
cd hplip-3.21.4
sudo python3 ./uninstall.py
sudo rm -rf /usr/share/hplip/

Afterwards we install official Ubuntu packages instead (optionally):
sudo apt-get install hplip-gui

Note: I have reported bug 1782137 to HPLIP's LaunchPad account asking developers to include uninstallation feature of deb-packages HPLIP components from Ubuntu.


Edit: I just read about piper on Phoronix and noticed that I missed this answer.

Almost all mice work with Linux, but not the software they come with. You can configure all buttons in some configuration files, but for advanced features there probably needs to be written a Linux equivalent of the Windows software.

This is where manufacturers fail. I don't know of a manufacturer developing free and open Linux drivers and software for their mice. Of course from their point of view it's so unbelievable that all of them should combine their efforts into writing one good solution that works for Linux with every advanced gaming mouse they produce. Stoneage thinking. We've been there with WiFi, too.

Some articles I found that may help you:

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/All_Mouse_Buttons_Working
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Razer

You should probably just choose the mouse that matches your criteria and look for solutions on how make special features work with Linux.

Hint: A scroll wheel is no special feature, it's just 2 buttons (or 4 for a tilting scroll wheel). So it doesn't matter how many scroll wheels and buttons the mouse has, but how you assign the buttons.


Wifi adapter found in ubuntu after giving 777 Permision to all directory

how to overcome from this issue.

Re-install your system without using the "format" option when setting up your partitions.

  Explanation

chmod 777 is -always- the wrong method. It does not distinguish between files and directories. Most files you do not want to be set as "executable". This is likely also wrong:

chmod 777 -R /Documents

I expect you meant (unless you made a /Documents/ in root yourself) ...

chmod 777 -R /home/$USER/Documents

and even then: directories should be 750 and files should be 640 if you want the best security settings. Particularly for user owned content it is the best setting.

A correct method would be:

find /home/$USER/Documents/ -type d -exec chmod 0750 {} \;
find /home/$USER/Documents/ -type f -exec chmod 0640 {} \;

The "others" in the permissions have not a single valid reason to access your files so don't allow access. If "others" can have read access change the last 0 to a 5 and 4 in the 2 commands.


Solved the problem by using Johannes Wilm's thinkpad-yoga-14-s3-scripts on GitHub that fix rotation and backlight. Apparently, the laptop was always in tablet mode, hence the keyboard was always disabled.

Include the following commands in /etc/rc.local so they are always executed at startup:

systemctl start yoga-rotate@username.service
systemctl start yoga-backlight@username.service

This trick solved the issue.


I had to add the line

QT_AUTO_SCREEN_SCALE_FACTOR=0

to my /etc/environment file, and it works now.


You can increase the Mouse/Touchpad acceleration on the Settings Menu:


Ubuntu 16.04 and three monitors - doesn't work

I had similar symptoms with totally different hardware setup. Two out of three screens would go black but not always. I changed graphics drivers from default open source to latest proprietary nVidia drivers. Now I have built in laptop monitor plus two external monitors working. It seems like this might be a driver related problem.


How can I install pipelight-multi on Ubuntu 17.04 to steam Silverlight videos?

You can install pipelight on Ubuntu 17.x. It isn't impossible, just tricky. These steppes worked for me, and now I can enjoy HBO from Ubuntu 17.10. Just open your terminal and type the following commands.

Step 1: You need proper rights to do things. Type your password.

sudo su

(If you have no proper rights to do this try the sudo command before every other command in the list.)

Step 2: Add pipelight's repository.

add-apt-repository ppa:pipelight/stable

Step 3: Advanced Packaging Tool's update.

apt-get update

Step 4: Open the following directory.

cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/

Step 5: File listing.

ls -l

Now you should see a file in the list, named something like this:

pipelight-ubuntu-stable*.list

Step 6: Open the following file with nano or vi or whatever you like.

nano pipelight-ubuntu-stable*.list

Step 7: Change your Ubuntu's version everywhere in the text to xenial. In my case from artful to xenial. But it could be other, it depends on your Ubuntu's version.

From one of these:
(16.10) yaketty,
(17.04) zesty,
(17.10) artful

To this:
(16.04) xenial

Step 8: Save the edited file. If you are using nano, just press control+x.

Step 9: Install pipelight.

apt-get install --install-recommends pipelight-multi

Step 10: Pipelight's update.

pipelight-plugin --update

Step 11: Remove existing flash version. (Or other plugin versions which you want to install with pipelight.)

apt-get remove adobe-flashplugin

Step 12: Enable the necessary plugin.

pipelight-plugin --enable flash

Or other plugins like:

pipelight-plugin --enable silverlight

and so on.

Step 13: Pipelight's update to recognizes enabled plugin(s).

    pipelight-plugin --update

Step 14: Add the plugin(s) to firefox.

pipelight-plugin --create-mozilla-plugins


They are not really working, look at this bug:
bug at launchpad


How to use different input language for different active (application) windows?

I opened System Settings, Keyboard Layout and Layouts.

On the right pane of that tab, I chose Allow different layouts for individual windows and that worked.

Note: For Ubuntu 14.04 use System Settings, Text Entry


How to detect files with the same name but different extensions?

You can use the shell's ${var%ext} parameter substitution features to remove the original extension on a per-file basis: to illustrate

touch file{1..6}.NEF file{1,2,4,6}.JPG

Then

for nef in *.NEF; do [[ -f "${nef%.NEF}.JPG" ]] || echo rm -- "$nef"; done

results in

rm -- file3.NEF
rm -- file5.NEF

Explanation:

The first command just creates 6 .NEF files numbered file1.NEF to file6.NEF and corresponding .JPG files for 3 of them i.e. just some empty files to test the second command on.


You might try writing a service file, in /etc/systemd/system/kill_bluetooth_on_hibernate.service

[Unit]
Description=Kill bluetooth on hibernate
Before=hibernate.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/rfkill block bluetooth

[Install]
WantedBy=hibernate.target  # Note that this would work on suspend.target though
                           # I'm not to certain about hibernate.target

Make sure you remember to start it (and enable it if you want it to be persistent across boots).

systemctl restart kill_bluetooth_on_hiberate.service

The only problem I see with this, is now you won't be able to use your bluetooth keyboard/mouse to wake the computer at all when it is hibernating (unless this is what you want)

Also make sure that you have a separate service file to reenable bluetooth when the computer wakes up

/etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service

[Unit]
Description=Revive bluetooth on wakeup
After=hibernate.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/rfkill unblock bluetooth

[Install]
WantedBy=hibernate.target

Also start/enable this service as well


Patch Firefox to not change the page title, or write an extension which overrides all page titles to be "Mozilla Firefox" would be the only ways.


Connecting to NAT virtualbox guest from bridged network

Looks like the vagrant box has 2 network interfaces: eth0 and eth1.

  NOTE: The eth1 has a post-up action to delete the default route, which means it cannot reach the outside world. You may have set up private only network.

You can SSH to it because it is via NAT port forwarding, in other words, you are connecting to 127.0.0.1 port 2222 (mapping to guest 22).

In theory, to be able to ping the guest 10.0.2.15/24 in 10.0.2.0/24 network, the host MUST have a route to the network.

In your case, this is a VirtualBox VM hiding behind the virtual NAT router, and what you see (host cannot ping the virtual machine) that's how NAT works. The host won't be able to reach the host behind NAT unless port forwarding rules for (TCP/UDP) are configured. Unfortunately ping replies on ICMP, no way. I am not sure if you can figure out a route that doesn't break your existing networking.

So to sum up, you would like to ping the guest VM from host, switch to bridged networking or enable a secondary network adapter as bridged so that it will be reachable from host (as the VM will have a IP address in the same subnet).


This error is unrelated to installing ubuntu-make. Just continue with 'sudo apt install ubuntu-make'

To get rid of the error, you will have to remove the linuxgndu ppa by deleting the relevant ,list file from /etc/apt/sources.list.d


Since you can get in using the Ctrl+Alt+F1, using nano editor change:

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk-9
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java
export PATH="$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin"

To:

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"
JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk-9
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java

Then remove this:

export JAVA_HOME='/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java'
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH

To:

JAVA_HOME='/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java'
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH

The restart the system.


which tool you used to burn iso on the usb? I suggest using pendrive for burning linux images on USb sticks. Manual how to do so is located on the official ubuntu website http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows
Seems like some config files missing due to wrong iso burning.


Not the correct answer, but the famous workaround seems to suppress it for now:

Add this to eclipse.ini file:
-Dorg.eclipse.swt.browser.DefaultType=mozilla


KeePassX 0.4.3 no tray icon and not in unity launcher

I think they disabled this feature. But you can compile keepassx from the sourcecode, that fixed it for me.

Remove keepassx via software center , apt or what you like. Go to www.keepassx.org and download the sourcecode. Extract the files and change into the directory. Open a terminal. Type:

qmake-qt4
make
sudo make install

You need the qt4 libs for this. Make sure you have the following packages installed:

sudo apt-get install libqt4-core libqt4-dev libxtst-dev

Now you can use the tray icon again.


juju ssh <machine-id>

...is easiest , and:

ssh ubuntu@<host>

...is roughly equivalent. You'll always need to log in as the ubuntu user, and you'll need to authenticate with one of the private keys (id_dsa, id_rsa, or identity) in your ~/.ssh directory.

(When you bootstrapped, juju will have looked in ~/.ssh and automatically chosen one of id_dsa.pub, id_rsa.pub and identity.pub to authorize for all machines; if necessary, you can override this behaviour by setting authorized-keys-path in your environment configuration, but you may need to do more work to configure ssh to use the appropriate private keys.)


How to switch off HP printer catridge protection / check the ink level / check printer messages?

I have a HP ENVY 5530 printer but the solution I found may work. Actually you can access the configuration of the printer through "FutureSmart 3 (or 4)". For this,

find the IP of your printer in the network menu (on the printer itself). On a local network, it is usually 192.168.xx.yy.
go to this address in a browser (on your computer). You should access a configuration menu
The go to parameters > preferences > HP cartridge protection and choose disable

The menu may change from one printer to another. More info can be found on the HP website.


Simultaneous output with paprefs no more working on ubuntu 13.04

Paprefs

We can not confirm a malfunction of the simutaneous output in our setup on 13.04.. We can successfully add a combined output sink from all available sinks by following the answer to this question:

Analog and digital audio output at the same time

Please make sure the pulseaudio module module-combine-sink was loaded appropriately after we had selected it from paprefs. This may need a restart of the sound server with

pulseaudio -k

in a terminal or by log out and log back in to our session.

We can then see that the module was loaded from an additional output sink "Simultaneous output to..." in our sound settings. Alternatively we can issue the following command to see all loaded modules:

pacmd list-modules

Command line

Other than with paprefs we can manually combine sinks for playback. This may also be needed in case we had more than two sinks but only need some of them to be combined.

Find out the names of available sinks

pacmd list-sinks

Combine two sinks

pacmd load-module module-combine-sink sink_name=combine sink_properties=device.description=myCombine slaves=sink1,sink2[,...] channels=2


How can I disable the automatic edge flip when dragging a window to the left/right edge?

In 'Window Manager' settings, under the 'Advanced' tab, disable 'Wrap workspaces when dragging a window off the screen'


how to open "Ubuntu Software" on Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS

Try snap-store. That will launch the default Ubuntu software center, provided it is installed on your system (provided it is installed).
If it is not (anymore) installed, you can install it with the command sudo snap install snap-store.


Problems with kio sftp in Dolphin/Konqueror

This is a known issue with Dolphin and ECDSA keys. OpenSSH in recent versions have moved to use ECDSA by default over RSA, and this works fine with most implementations that rely on OpenSSH's "known hosts" file.

Dolphin's kio_sftp module uses libssh instead of OpenSSH's own libraries, and that library appears to not support ECDSA keys. The workaround is detailed in the KDE bug report - remove the existing key, and either force OpenSSH to cache the RSA host key (an example command line is detailed in the bug report and below), or just use Dolphin to connect directly.

Because the KDE bug is resolved, but we still see the bug in Kubuntu 15.04, I've opened a bug on the Kubuntu KDE implementation.

Sample command to reset the host key:

ssh-keygen -f "$HOME/.ssh/known_hosts" -R server
ssh -o HostKeyAlgorithms=ssh-rsa user@server


Ubuntu default `sources.list` causing `sudo apt-get update` to fail

That's not the default configuration. It seems like you didn't wipe the sources lists in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/.


How do i get internal names of gui programs?

I didn't find a tool without console, but there are some console tools: xwininfo and xprop

You can start a console and type

xprop|grep WM_CLASS

click on the desired window and you get for example

WM_CLASS(STRING) = "Navigator", "Firefox"

some programs already have the program name in that output, for example:

WM_CLASS(STRING) = "muon", "Muon"
or
WM_CLASS(STRING) = "xfce4-taskmanager", "Xfce4-taskmanager"

If not, then use xwininfo to search for that name:

xwininfo -root -children|grep Firefox

you get a list of all processes, and some of them contain the program name "firefox"

 0x1424f98 "Firefox": ("firefox" "Firefox")  1x1+-100+-100  +-100+-100


Why is su preserving SHELL=/bin/bash in this case?

su by default preserves the current user's environment when switching to another user, this includes the current user's shell.

To use the target user's environment and configuration, you need to start a login shell by adding the -l/--login option or simply a -:

su - monty


You can install xrdp (sudo apt-get install xrdp) on the i5 side and Remmina (available from Software Center) on the P4 side. This will make him have access to your machine desktop.

I recommend you to set up a new user for him so you won't have problems of the kind "Firefox is already running on this machine..." and your files will be protected and separated from his ones.

To make the connection you will need to open the port corresponding to the connection type you choose in Reminna. I recommend you to use RDP with SSH tunneling (You can configure Reminna to do this alone) and open SSH port (22) on your machine. The security problem of opening this port is to consider and you should install something to block brute force attacks (like fail2ban - in software center too) and only allow ssh connections with ssh-keys, no password and no root login - configurable in /etc/sshd_config). But if you are not familiar with it, see Ubuntu SSH doc


sudo dpkg --configure -a to try and resolve those broken dependencies.
more information on dpkg can be found in the ubuntu manpages:
dpkg manpages


I have variety installed, which is a wallpaper switcher. One of the options in the preferences was to have a large digital clock in the lower right corner of the desktop. Disabling this feature fixed my problem.

The iowait I was getting every minute must have been variety opening the wallpaper file and writing the new clock to it. The reason iowait showed the culprit to be nautilus is because nautilus manages the desktop and wallpaper in Ubuntu.


How to restore /lib/modules/4.4.0-116-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/serial/usbserial.ko?

Simply reinstall the package that contains the file.

To find what package contains /lib/modules/4.4.0-116-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/serial/usbserial.ko, run:

dpkg -S /lib/modules/4.4.0-116-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/serial/usbserial.ko

This should output (in your case):

linux-image-4.4.0-116-generic: /lib/modules/4.4.0-116-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/serial/usbserial.ko

Simply reinstall the package:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-4.4.0-116-generic

If this does not fix it:

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-4.4.0-116-generic
sudo apt-get install linux-image-4.4.0-116-generic


Creating a script to monitor /root/.bashrc

This might work: sudo inotifywatch -r /root/.bashrc

For more information see the man page.


Software to add watermark to photos in bulk?

Take a look at Phatch. It seems like it's pretty much abandonware these days, the latest release was in 2010, but I've been using it for probably that long and it makes batch editing very easy. It's in the Ubuntu repositories, so you can install it pretty easily from the Software Centre or from Synaptic (or with sudo apt-get install phatch). Unfortunately, the website seems to be down at the moment, so the documentation is also down - but I'm sure you can figure it out by pressing buttons.   ;-)

To add your own watermark to the Phatch option, save it as a PNG into ~/.local/share/phatch/watermarks. If you already have Phatch open when you copy the watermark image across, you will need to close it and open it again.

Then add the "Watermark" action in Phatch, and select your image file. Then add a "Save" action, and run the action list against your files.


nm-applet knows secrets that nmcli does not

Use nmcli con up network-name.

The command nmcli device wifi connect network-name tries to create a connection, rather than using the stored data for the old one.


AER device [15b7:5006] error on Ubuntu 20.04 and Intel SpeedStep Technology

First af all, following the directions of David, according to
https://superuser.com/questions/454101/is-there-a-way-to-disable-intel-speedstep-steppings-on-an-ubuntu-server-using-a
I used these commands to read and change the status of the cpufreq's gestion in Ubuntu:
to reading the current available settings for your system:
sudo cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors
to set each core to performance mode:
sudo echo performance > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
to check if the option was successfully changed:
sudo cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
to install cpufreq-info:
sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils
to check and get information about the current frequency:
cpufreq-info
Therefore I have found in my Lenovo E15 performance and powersave as "available settings":
sudo cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors
performance powersave

I check the status after switch off the Intel SpeedStep Technology in the setup of the computer and I got "powersave":
sudo cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
powersave

I tried to change the status in performance, but I obtained a "permission denied":
sudo echo performance > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
bash: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor: permission denied

Therefore, I think, in Ubuntu 20.04 on Lenovo E15, superuser can't change the status of the cpufreq's scaling_governor
After excluding in the setup the Intel SpeedStep, I executed the commands:
cat /proc/cpuinfo
lscpu
cpufreq-info
to know the CPU's frequency status:
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor   : 0
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 142
model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10510U CPU @ 1.80GHz
stepping    : 12
microcode   : 0xde
cpu MHz: 700.064

$ lscpu
Architecture:    x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):  32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:      Little Endian
Address sizes:   39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
CPU(s):          8
Model name:      Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10510U CPU @ 1.80GHz
Stepping:        12
CPU MHz:         600.317
CPU max MHz:     1800,0000
CPU min MHz:     400,0000

$ cpufreq-info
bounds hardware:    400 MHz - 1.80 GHz
available settings: performance, powersave
current governor:   frequency must be between 400 MHz and 1.80 GHz
governor "powersave" can decide which speed to use. in this range.
CPU's current frequency is 1.80 GHz.

I switched in the setup of the computer:
SpeedStep=OFF and CPU power manag.= ON and then: Ubuntu boots OK
SpeedStep= ON and CPU power manag.= ON and then: Ubuntu boots only in recovery mode
SpeedStep= ON and CPU power manag.=OFF and then: Ubuntu boots randomly
I googled "Intel speed step and Ubuntu" and below follow the results:

http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man4/est.4freebsd.html  says: "the est (Enhanced Speedstep Technology) capabilities are
automatically loaded by the cpufreq driver";

https://www.intel.it/content/www/it/it/support/articles/000007073/processors.html
gives brief explanations about the Intel SpeedStep Technology;

other pages are all about "Ubuntu run slowly" and "Ubuntu's
performances".

But the most important page seems to me to be:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/CPU_frequency_scaling
it explains with clarity and completeness the CPU frequency scaling and the troubleshooting.
Especially for the IBM/Lenovo Thinkpads refers to thinkwiki for more thinkpad related info on this topic:
http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Problem_with_CPU_frequency_scaling
This page at the end says:

Add "processor.ignore_ppc=1" to kernel boot command line or run
$ echo 1 | sudo tee /sys/module/processor/parameters/ignore_ppc
This allows to disable BIOS frequency limit, but can be cause the computer to malfunction if its power consumption is higher than 65W and you are running off a 65W AC power adapter with no battery installed.

In conclusion, I can't risk leading to malfunction the computer changing CPU's parameters, because my job doesn’t allow it.
I prefer, without changing the CPU's parameters in Ubuntu, to leave Intel SpeedStep off in the setup of the Lenovo E15: this allows a normal boot of Ubuntu 20.04.
Thank you David, for your directions and your prompt response!


The system is running in low-graphics mode in Ubuntu 14.04 and /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf missing

The Unity greeter is not starting up. From /var/log/x-0-greeter.log:

/usr/sbin/unity-greeter: symbol lookup error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libido3-0.1.so.0: undefined symbol: ubuntu_menu_item_factory_get_type

You could try with another greeter, or another Display Manager. For the first option, try:

sudo apt-get install lightdm-gtk-greeter

Just installing it should set it as the default. You can force it to be the default:

sudo tee /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/99-gtk-greeter.conf <<EOF
[SeatDefaults]
greeter-session=lightdm-greeter
EOF
sudo service lightdm restart

This should let LightDM start up if the problem is solely with the Unity greeter.

Installing GTK3 and GLib from source will cause problems, since Ubuntu applies patches to them (here's a similar instance where a patch wasn't applied in a PPA). If you wish to install higher versions of these, look for PPAs, like the GNOME3 PPAs (Main, staging).


Actually it isn't that simple, first of all you have to follow this instructions:

For Windows (here)
For Linux (here)
For MacOSx (here)

Then go to BIOS setup (When you turn on your computer hit F2 until you enter in the BIOS setup) and set the USB stick as the first bootable device, then you will be able to install Ubuntu in your computer with that USB stick.

If you have any other questions, please let us know.

Note: Within the links there is detailed information to follow if you get stucked.


If you have connected some HDMI cable before this problem, probably you can solve connecting again the cable and change the audio output.
Or check Pulseaudio software to solve it.
I solve it testing both options.


Where are my Ubuntu files (pictures, music) after reinstalling Windows 7?

It's in /home/username, assuming that you didn't overwrite your Ubuntu partition.


How can I emulate an amd64 system on an i386 system?

You cannot use KVM on a 32bit host to emulate 64bit machine, see this:

http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ#Can_KVM_run_a_32-bit_guest_on_a_64-bit_host.3F_What_about_PAE.3F

QEMU allows you to do it using x86_64 target with --no-kvm, see this:

http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-945502-start-0.html

However, emulating without kvm is rather slow, see e.g. these for more info:

https://superuser.com/questions/630860/64-bit-guest-on-a-32-bit-host
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56124/can-i-run-a-64-bit-vmware-image-on-a-32-bit-machine

Hope this helps.


Set global environment variables from a custom file

/etc/environment

  This file is specifically meant for system-wide environment variable
  settings. It is not a script file, but rather consists of assignment
  expressions, one per line.

That means that you cannnot include something like you meant to.

This information comes from Environment Variables. You will find there alternatives for what you were trying to do.

The right way to modify /etc/profile is by adding a script to /etc/profile.d with the a name in the form my_script.sh and a content like this:

export MYVAR="my value"

As this is now an actual shell script, you can also add something like:

. /path/to/variables


Sorry for not being of specific help. But I want to share what I did. I had Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS. I wanted to upgrade. I made a live DVD of Ubuntu 13.10. I booted my system. Automatically it connected to my internet connection through LAN port of my WiFi router. Worked on all aspects. Downloaded large files. Then I clean-installed Ubuntu 13.10 only, on my whole HDD. It auto-configured my internet connection.


With the command

sudo chown -R my_user my_project/

you have changed all files in a huge (as you said) repository, therefore your KDE/GNOME/Unity file indexer has a lot of work now. Give the process time to complete its work. Go and drink a coffee ;)

To watch what's happening from an Input/output perspective, install iotop via:

sudo apt-get install iotop

and watch the output of:

sudo iotop


Running "grub-install --no-nvram" seems to have fixed it for me.
Solution taken from https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2-signed/+bug/1872212


How can I update an offline Ubuntu machine? (no internet at all)

Through ongoing discussion with you in chat, it sounds like you're in a hyper-locked-down environment where you can't even use USBs for updates.

This adds some additional considerations.  There are many methods such as apt-get download or apt-offline for obtaining updates, however since you can't use USBs it seems on the environment, and would be restricted to CDs/DVDs, you're going to run into physical resource consumption issues with how many CDs/DVDs you'd have to use for such a setup.

While it is entirely doable with apt-offline per another post's answer on apt-offline, and the (translated) blog post about using apt-offline (yes this is a Google Translate link), your primary limitation here is going to be the use of CDs and DVDs.  You'd technically be burning one or more disks each time you update.

There are other still-secure methods for updating a private lab environment, however this typically will involve an opening in the 'environment' that will be allowed to communicate to a specific, dedicated system running apt-cacher-ng as an APT proxy, which can then be used as the update mechanism out to the 'net without any other data being able to traverse outbound.  However, also in chat, you had mentioned this is a completely isolated, air-gapped, no Internet at all type of setup, so this approach won't work either.

If you are truly in such a restricted lab environment, then your only other update would be regularly rotating out the 'lab' computer that is involved here, and working with a cloned disk image that you'd 'restore' to the lab computer, which you'd pull from an identical system put on an Internet-accessible system that would then pull in its own updates, and then you can use as a disk image base.  However, this approach also won't work if you are stuck using only CDs and DVDs; the disk image approach needs space to store the disk images, and that kind of necessitates the use of large-space USB storage.

I think the higher-ups involved here need to have a sit down with someone familiar with building secure lab environments, and discuss what exactly they're attempting to achieve in this 'lab' environment that would require such a heavily locked down environment (Government and security-clearance-needed things come to mind, but it doesn't sound like this is the case here).  There are many ways, several of which I use and know as a secure setup thanks to my IT Security background and the needs of the environments at my employers' locations, to keep a 'secure' lab environment while having several acceptable methods for getting updates in a secure method.  This is ultimately, however, going to end up as a logistics discussion that goes beyond the scope of this question... at least, as how you explained the environment to me in chat.


How do I customize the Launcher in Unity 2D?

To arrange applications on the
launcher in Unity 2D, press Alt-F2, then type the
command below and select
gconf-editor program to open.

 gconf-editor

Next, scroll down to
desktop>unity-2d>launcher then
right-click on favorites and select
‘Edit Key’
Now you can re-arrange applications
on the launcher as you like by using
the Up / Down buttons.

To quickly add your favorite applications the Unity Launcher, open an application, then right-click on the application icon on the launcher and select ‘Keep in Launcher’


Updating a mysql production server without having problems

If you're just using lucid-updates, the policies are pretty solid for stable release updates. Basically only small changes that won't change the behavior of the software in an incompatible way are allowed.

Here are some steps you can take to make sure it goes smoothly.

1) Read the change logs for all new packages. If you're using apt-get upgrade, look at the list of packages that are going to be updated. The easiest way is to use aptitude (apt-get install aptitude if you don't already have it):

aptitude changelog foo

This will show you the changelog of the package, including un-applied updates. If you see something like "LP: #123456" this is a Launchpad bug report that has been fixed by that update, you can read the full bug report at http://launchpad.net/bugs/123456

2) backup our system. You should be doing this anwyay!

3) Schedule downtime. While most updates won't cause LONG downtime, they will probably involve restarting services to pickup updated configurations and/or libraries, so be ready to have brief service interruption.

3a) Test stopping/starting your services BEFORE the update. We get a lot of bug reports in Ubuntu from users thinking an update broke their system, when in fact the configs had been wrong for a while but the problems had gone unnoticed because the service was running fine with the old, non-broken configuration.

Good luck!


Total newbie unable to install a programme

uGet actually has instructions on its website.

You need to run the commands below to add the PPA, then install it.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:plushuang-tw/uget-stable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install uget

Just a pointer, I don't think I've ever seen a package name with uppercase letters, so when you install a package through the terminal, use lowercase. I also think package names are case-sensitive, but I'm not sure about that.

If you want the Ubuntu Software Center, you need to run one of the following commands.

If you have Ubuntu 15.10 or lower, run:

sudo apt-get install software-center

As you are getting an error when trying to install this, I'm assuming you have 16.04

16.04 (and above):

sudo apt-get install gnome-software packagekit


Ext4 has been around for some years now and I have never had problems with it even if the power was "accidentally" gone. The page that you have linked has not changed since at least 2010 (it's essentially a duplicate of https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/installation-guide/i386/apcs03.html).

As far as I know, Ext4 has been the default filesystem since 9.10 Karmic. If it was unstable, we would have known it now.


Pressing F9 in a pdf will open up the side panel and pressing it again will hide it.

Your selection will be remembered.


Eclipse Execute from Home - Eclipse.org Version

Do this thing

1. get a JAVA RUN ENVIRONMENT (jre) extract it and put it in the eclipse folder

2. Or simply make a link to the to your system's jre and put it in the eclipse folder

make sure that name the folder or link jre


Need my random effects to show the full line

You need to set the IFS (Internal Field Separator) variable of bash to newline \n while creating array out of the variable so that each newline separated entry of the variable will be taken as an array element. In your primary script the array is being created out of the entries of variable separated on the default IFS value i.e. space, tab and newline.

In a nutshell, you need to change those two array declaration lines to:

IFS=$'\n' things=( $Things )
IFS=$'\n' effects=( $Effects )

So, your final script:

#!/bin/bash
# Random lists picks
# This is a script for picking random choices as a prediction.

Things="Walk
Song
Talk
Friend
Spontaneous act
Call"

Effects="will bless you
will lift your spirit
is healthy
can help
will touch you
will make you smile
is what what you need
makes a difference in your life
can add comfort
isn't necessarily without virtue
adds something to your day"

IFS=$'\n' things=( $Things )
IFS=$'\n' effects=( $Effects )

num_things=${#things[*]}
num_effects=${#effects[*]}

echo -n "A ${things[$((RANDOM%num_things))]} "
echo "${effects[$((RANDOM%num_effects))]}"


How do I force Spotify's cache into RAM?

Partial answer... work in progress...
Step #1:
To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

Step #2:

undo the changes that you tried to make to Spotify's cache to /dev/shm. I'm not sure if that's the right place to try and do that. The data file that it's writing is not that large, and if it deletes it on its own, then there's no worries.


press ctrl+a to go to the start of the line

press ctrl+k to cut ("kill") the text from the cursor to the end of the line

to paste ("yank"), press ctrl+y


Problems Removing or installing mysql-server on Ubuntu 15.04 "Vivid Vervet"

Alright, I tried something else, What I did was, Copied the backed up /etc/mysql folder from the old verison, renamed my.cnf to mysql.cnf, and ran

    root@thegamingcorner:~# dpkg --configure -a
    Setting up mysql-server-5.6 (5.6.25-0ubuntu0.15.04.1) ...
    update-alternatives: warning: alternative /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback (part of link group my.cnf) doesn't exist; removing from list of alternatives
    update-alternatives: warning: forcing reinstallation of alternative /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf because link group my.cnf is broken
    2015-09-28 10:40:02 0 [Warning] Using unique option prefix key_buffer instead of key_buffer_size is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.
    2015-09-28 10:40:02 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
    2015-09-28 10:40:02 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.25-0ubuntu0.15.04.1) starting as process 9669 ...
    Setting up mysql-server (5.6.25-0ubuntu0.15.04.1) ...

After that, I was able to successfully purge and reinstall mysql.


File's order got destroyed while grepping and echoing into for loop

You need to quote variables and the result of command substitution to prevent word splitting:

for i in "$(<newtest1 grep customer -B2)"; do
  echo "$i"
done

Of course to just output the matching lines you don’t need the for loop, but I suppose you want to do other things with the lines. In any case you don’t need the cat, you can let grep open the file with grep … newtest1 or let the shell open it and assign its content to grep’s stdin as I did above. The latter has a number of advantages explained in this great answer: When should I use input redirection?


try out sudo apt-get install vlc. Using apt-get can be more reliable than the software center sometimes


the issue comes from too new trackpads that are just barely being added to the linux kernel as we speak,

fear not! you may use your trackpad on ubuntu yet!

simply open a trusty terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), run :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:teejee2008/ppa -y &&
sudo apt-get update &&
sudo apt-get install ukuu -y

then, from your start menu, open up "ukuu"

use it to update your kernel to 4.19 or higher.

your trakpad should work after a reboot, cheers!


Error:BrokenCount>0'. This usually means that your installed packages have unment dependences

It will be sudo apt-get --fix-broken install instead of sudo apt-get install --fix-broken

If any dependency is missing try sudo apt-get --fix-missing install

You can also try the following steps:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg -a --configure

To install initscripts try:

sudo apt-get --dry-run install initscripts

You can try removing broken packages by:

Open the /var/log/dist-upgrade/apt.log log file in a text editor.
Locate any "broken" packages and remove them with sudo apt-get remove <package>.

Note: in newer versions, the log is located in /var/log/apt/term.log instead.


Installing 12.10 on Macbook Pro Retina with rEFIt

I had a problem following that guid which I JUST solved.  I found that step #5 in http://cberner.com/2012/10/19/installing-ubuntu-12-10-on-macbook-pro-retina/ which was used to install the nvidia driver needs to be done after an update (I think?) as if you build it for your current kernel ('uname -r') and then update the new kernel won't be able to load the graphics driver.  For me at least, after the install I had 3.5.0-17-generic and after the update 3.5.0-23-generic.

I did the basic install, then first thing I updated the system, then a reboot, then step 3 in cberner, then step 5, and then it seemed to work.  I just managed to install CUDA and run some tests with it as well, so it's definitely working.

What I can't do though is change the resolution from 2880x1800 which is a bit too 'small' for me, but at least it's working now.

Hope this works for you!  I'm quite new to Linux myself so sorry if this isn't very clear. :(


Replace one Ubuntu with another from USB pen drive

I think there is no easier way than this illustrated here.

In short:

After Downloading Ubuntu.
Open the dash and search for Startup Disk Creator (for the dash click the icon on top right).

Start the Startup Disk Creator and Click on Other

Then select open and search the location that you have downloaded Ubuntu (normally in ~/Downloads)
Select the USB stick in the bottom box and click 'Make Startup Disk'.

Taken from this excellent guide.


I will begin by saying this is a post for users who are unable to use Ubuntu on the Alienware 15 (R4). This may or may not apply to other users, but I'm willing to bet this will be useful for others.

First in order to get Ubuntu to detect the Killer wireless card installed on all Alienware 15s in 2018, you should use 18.10, or newer if applicable. I installed on Ubuntu 18.10 and it detected my AC Killer WiFi card with maximum capable speed due to the Intel update in the Linux kernel.

On to the good stuff:

Install Ubuntu 18.10.

In my case, I was unable to utilize the touchpad. Instead, I installed using the keyboard.
Run the following in the new installation:

sudo su
echo 'blacklist i2c_hid' >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
depmod -a
update-initramfs -a
reboot

At this point, everything should still be working okay. In order to utilize the proprietary NVIDIA GPU drivers, I had to install them with

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

Reboot again, but boot into grub to access your desktop, using Esc, or Shift. For me, Esc worked. Press E to access the GRUB config of the default Ubuntu boot option. Then append nomodeset to the Linux /boot... line.
Press F10 to boot with this configuration.
You may experience a hang with this setup, press Alt+F2, Alt+F1, then the boot should continue with some screen flashes to the Ubuntu login.
Add the nomodeset to the GRUB bootloader settings (search how to do this, it's relatively straightforward).

NOTE: I have not found a workaround to fix the Alt+F2, Alt+F1 key sequence, but this will have to be done per boot into Ubuntu. If I find a fix, I will update.

An image showing the NVIDIA GTX 1080 driver fully loaded:


Find out if installed package is a dependent to other installed package

If in doubt, just use the -s (aka --simulate, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon and --no-act) flag. You can run the command without root and it'll tell you what it would do based on your current packages.

$ apt-get remove -s python-gpgme
NOTE: This is only a simulation!
      apt-get needs root privileges for real execution.
      Keep also in mind that locking is deactivated,
      so don't depend on the relevance to the real current situation!
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED
  python-gpgme
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 1 to remove and 217 not to upgrade.
Remv python-gpgme [0.3-0ubuntu3]


I can't get a native resolution of 1920x1080 on 11.10 (AOC f22 on a Nvidia Geforce GTS 450)

Following options from X Config Options chapter of the proprietary Nvidia driver documentation might be helpful:

Option "IgnoreEDIDChecksum" "string"

This option forces the X driver to accept an EDID even if the checksum is invalid. You may specify a comma separated list of display names. [...]

Option "UseEdidFreqs" "False"

This option controls whether the NVIDIA X driver will use the HorizSync and VertRefresh ranges given in a display device's EDID, if any. [...]

Option "ModeValidation" "string"

This option provides fine-grained control over each stage of the mode validation pipeline, disabling individual mode validation checks. This option should only very rarely be used. [...]

http://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/295.20/README/xconfigoptions.html

But be careful and don't try all possible options, just because they sound interesting.


With dual-monitor setup, is it really required to have NVIDIA software installed?

The proprietary nvidia driver will give better performance.

Personally I use the nouveau driver with dual monitors as the open source drivers are not so slow that I find I "need" the nvidia driver.

If you are having a problem , first try configuring your resolution in system settings under display

If that does not work, you can use xrandr, I wrote a blog about how to to this here, although you can also see man xrandr


Installed 12.04 from CD problems with compiz-core - wont continue - just

I am still searching for this answer myself. For the time being on the login page before you enter your password and boot into Ubuntu, click on the Ubuntu symbol and there should be two options, "Ubuntu" and "Ubuntu 2D". If you pick the 2D option then you can see everything in a less graphical mode. Still looks great and runs faster than Windows!

I'll update if I find out how to fix the compiz-core and libglib packages.


Unable to move launchers for bash scripts onto 'favorites' on ubuntu 18.04

I moved the .desktop files from ~/Desktop/ to ~/.local/share/applications/

Everything works now.


What is the equivalent command to pathmunge in CentOS?

Apparently in RHEL and CentOS, pathmunge is a shell function declared in /etc/profile (source). You can simply  add  that very same function to your /etc/profile or ~/.bashrc (which needs to be sourced after you add the function).

For simplicity, run nano ~/.bashrc && source ~/.bashrc and paste this:

pathmunge () {
        if ! echo $PATH | /bin/egrep -q "(^|:)$1($|:)" ; then
           if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
              PATH=$PATH:$1
           else
              PATH=$1:$PATH
           fi
        fi
}

Save the file after pasting with Ctrl+o (that's lowercase o, not zero), and exit with Ctrl+x. The command will be available for use after that.

Alternatively, you can just add directory to PATH by hand, temporarily as in PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/openssl/bin , or permanently as provided in How to add a directory to the PATH? by modifying /etc/profile (global for all users) or better by modifying ~/.bashrc file if you just need this for your user.


HP Pavilion g6. Ubuntu 12.04. Kernel 3.5.0-39. Wifi/bluetooth suddenly stopped working

One of the recent updates was an updated kernel version, known as linux-image. When you installed the driver manually, you compiled it for your then-currently running kernel version only. Now you must build the driver for your newer kernel version. Please open a terminal and do:

cd Desktop/DPO_RT3290_LinuxSTA_V2600_20120508

...or wherever you downloaded and extracted the file you used to compile the driver originally.

make clean
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rt3290sta

Your wireless should now be working. Whenever a newer kernel version is installed, repeat the process.


cannot see recent files Nautilus (Ub 16.10)

I found a solution here.

Adding Environment=DISPLAY=:0 in the service file

/usr/lib/systemd/user/gvfs-daemon.service

and reboot/relogin solves it.


How do I get the parent process ID of a given child process?

How to get a parent PID (PPID) from a child's process ID (PID) using the command-line

Use ps -o ppid=

e.g. ps -o ppid= 2072 returns 2061, which you can easily use in a script etc. ps -o ppid= -C foo gives the PPID of process with command foo. You can also use the old fashioned ps | grep: ps -eo ppid,comm | grep '[f]oo'.
Fuller explanation: ps -f 2072 returns

UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY      STAT   TIME CMD
izx       2072  2061  0 07:16 ?        S      0:00 /usr/lib/pulseaudio/pulse/gconf-helper

The pstree relation is: pstree -s -p 2072:

init(1)───pulseaudio(2061)───gconf-helper(2072)


cupsd using 100% CPU, creating large (80GB+) error_log

For Ubuntu 15.10 what worked for me was:

sudo service cups stop
sudo rm /etc/cups/subscriptions.conf*
sudo rm -r /var/cache/cups
sudo service cups start

(If you cannot stop cups try):

ps aux | grep cups

Get process id (pid) from output and:

kill -9 (pid you have learned here)


To undo something you've done just query/read documentation for your actions.

The line echo options hid_apple fnmode=2 | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/hid_apple.conf passes the text options hid_apple fnmode=2 to the tee command, which writes the text to the /etc/modprobe.d/hid_apple.conf file. The -a option forces it to append the content, so now the end of your file is:

options hid_apple fnmode=2
options hid_apple fnmode=0

Accidentally this could even work because, I think, the last option should override the previous, but you forgot run:

sudo update-initramfs -u -k all

Be sure to save your work and then reboot your computer:

sudo reboot

TL;DR: remove the options hid_apple fnmode=2 and options hid_apple fnmode=0 lines from the /etc/modprobe.d/hid_apple.conf file (or, if there's no other content, use sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/hid_apple.conf to remove the file whatsoever). Then run:

sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
sudo reboot # Again: be sure you have saved all your work, will reboot your computer without asking!


Can I hide files so that they are hidden on both Windows and Linux?

Add the files you want to hide to a file named .hidden with 1 file per line inside the directory those files are. Somehing like ls {files} >.hidden will work to quickly do this.

You can hide files looking from Windows with C:\>attrib +h D:\*.hidden /S (this will hide the .hidden file from the previous method). The directory I assumed D:.
You can hide these files from ls on Linux by adding this into your ~./bashrc:

ls () {
  if [ -f .hidden ]; then
    declare GLOBIGNORE="$GLOBIGNORE:.*:$(tr '\n' ':' < .hidden)"
    ls "$@"
  fi
}

This will hide the files when using ls and ls only. It also assumes you do not already have an alias for ls. ls -l will still show them but that is just another alias.

The last command I found on superuser. Please upvote that answer ;)


If anyone is still interested, here on GitHub is the instruction for FireTray 0.5.4:

For the fix, try Preferences > Advanced > Config Editor
search extensions.firetray.with_appindicator, set it to false, and restart
Thunderbird.

After applying that, everything works as it used to. The regression seems to be caused by porting the addon to Unity and Plasma 5 with new app indicators.
PS Note that this is not a solution for KDE5. In that DE you need to leave the setting as true and pray, otherwise you'll get no icon at all.


keyboard shortcuts doesn't work in applications after changing layout

I think this has something to do with the way keys are mapped for the Persian layout. For example, the letter Z might not be mapped to the exact key (the one with the Z written on it). I don't know how the Persian layout is, but perhaps you could try finding which key corresponds to Z (if it's not the Z key) and try Ctrl+that key to see if it works as Redo. Then you'll have to check this for each shortcut you use.  I repeat, it's some sort of educated guess from me...


WiFi driver from Windows 7 to Ubuntu 16.4

Executable files not only contain the executable code, but also information like static and dynamic data, linker info and library imports.

When you execute a .exe or linux executable, there's another program that loads the file, sets up the memory, sets up the various data and code blocks contained inside the executable file, and makes sure the executable has access to the shared library functions it needs.

On Linux, executables are stored in ELF format (Executable and Linkable Format). On Windows, executables are stored in PE format (Portable Executable).

There are also major differences between ABIs and APIs, and on Unix-y systems. Wine in an example of loader that can open, link, and execute code and libraries in PE format on an ELF-based OS.

So, in simple words, you cannot run a windows executable(.exe) on your Ubuntu to install your drivers.


Understanding the functionality of a button with a rotating arrow in GNOME 3 status menu

The 2nd button from left at bottom in the image you have attached is for "screen rotation lock" (landscape/portrait orientation).

Currently it is unlocked which means if you physically rotate your device screen by 90 degrees, your screen also should rotate accordingly (change orientation). When it is "locked", the screen won't change the orientation even if you physically rotate the display device (monitor).


How do I fix the menu items background color in MediterraneanNight theme?

I came across the same issue, but I couldn't find any real solution (how could there be any, if simply the theme doesn't support Eclipse, and Eclipse doesn't support the theme), so I simply searched for a dark theme for Eclipse, and found one looking good named Dark Juno.

You can find the theme, and installation instructions on GitHub:

https://github.com/eclipse-color-theme/eclipse-ui-themes

The readme includes rough instructions for setting a dark editor colour scheme as well. I hope it helps, the result satisfied me.


YAY fixed... I remembered. Copying and pasting my synaptic downloads I spotted Bumblebee, which I half-remembered another post on frozen resolutions mentioning.

I removed Bumblebee - problem solved.


Not Optimum Mode: Recommended Mode: 1280x1024 60Hz

The problem lies with the AMD Rage XL PCI (rev27) video card and the solution is to get a new card.


How to start freecell, installed from software center

Search for Sol in dash

Once it opens, click on game, and choose select game. when it opens navigate to freecell, and select it.

Or start it from terminal as the bkd.online stated in his answer.


How can I change sound theme from terminal?

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.sound theme-name 'yourinstalledsoundtheme'


I suggest to download newer version from official GitHub repository:

wget https://github.com/a-atalla/tuxcut/releases/download/6.1/tuxcut_6.1_amd64.deb
sudo touch /usr/bin/run-tuxcut # to fix 5.0 removal script
sudo apt-get install ./tuxcut_6.1_amd64.deb

Then start its service with

sudo systemctl start tuxcutd.service

and launch the application with tuxcut (on Wayland or on Xorg - does not matter):

Note: on my clean Ubuntu 18.04 LTS with GNOME Shell and Wayland I can't launch version 5.0 of tuxcut (I get the "Invalid MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 keyrun.py: cannot connect to X server :0" error).

To run the application you should logout from the session and select Ubuntu session on the login screen.

Then it should work with tuxcut command:

but I can't understand its output :)


How to kill a process that I know it freezes my ubuntu?

If the DE has frozen, switch to a different run-level by using ctrl-alt-f3 and login to the terminal presented. You can kill any offending processes by using kill or killall, if the DE has gone into hardlock it may be worthwhile to kill xorg by sudo killall Xorg to restart the DE (usually drops you back to the DM to login),switch back to the graphic run-level with ctrl-alt-f7.

If you are unable to stop the offending process as described you can also try to enable ctrl-alt-backspace to kill the xserver without swapping run-levels, as a last-ditch effort to avoid a reboot on a hard hang.

As others have said, it may be worthwhile to pull the latest version of the software if the crashes are predictable and regular - indicating a bug (if it is not available on the repo, check ppa's or learn to install from source), however this may not always be possible so knowing how to recover a system without a hard reset is useful.

There are options available to restrict the ability for an application to crash the system, at the most basic you can attempt to run the offending process with nice to lower the priority so that attempts to lock down resources won't affect other processes. Depending on the exact sequence of calls leading to the crash there may be other ways to sandbox the application to avoid this repeating hang.

EDIT: Personally I use LXC for lightweight virtual sandboxes to keep development environments seperate from the base system, it may be helpful in your case  to do the same, graphical applications use their own instance of Xorg and so crashes won't take down your host system, access to graphical output is easily achieved with xpra (and since the sandbox is running locally you have no latency issues with forwarding X over ssh). You may also see the answers to this question for other options on sandboxing

FURTHER THOUGHTS: If X has hung and is not responding to keyboard input (but the os itself hasn't crashed), you can also attempt to kill the process remotely via sshor other remote console system.


Changed /etc/fstab Boot freezing in startup, before login. Working in recovery mode

I think you should at least include / the root partition into your /etc/fstab but maybe your tutorial had a different approach, that i am not aware of.

To fix this quickly, just uncomment your root and swap partition:

# / was on /dev/sda3 during installation
UUID=bdc8b32c-3b83-4d89-a3f6-cacb61e3c19c / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda6 during installation
/swapfile swap sw 0 0

If something to this setup changed: You can see the list of currently mounted volumes with cat /etc/mtab. Try to mount the volumes you need in recovery mode, then list them. After that you can find out the uuids with sudo blkid and then insert them into /etc/fstab. This is a good idea, if you have some external/changing drives that may end up getting different IDs (sda/sdb...). If you are using some lvm other mappers (e.g. with encryption) then it should look like / in my example below.

Here is how my /etc/fstab looks like:

# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# encrypted virtual device
/dev/mapper/kubuntu--vg-root /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=12345678-1234-1234-1234-123412341234 /boot           ext4    defaults        0       2
/dev/mapper/kubuntu--vg-swap_1 none            swap    sw              0       0
# data drive that may get a different id on boot
UUID=1234123412341234 /media/user/Data  ntfs    rw  0 2


Lenovo laptops are the best supported computers for most any flavor of linux, including Ubuntu.  As a result, you should not even need to seek drivers for them as such drivers tend to be automatically installed at installation time.  A couple of years ago I saw one Lenovo laptop which had failed to have its drivers properly installed because the internet wasn't connected during installation.  If your computer has a wired ethernet port, I recommend using that during installation.  If you don't wish to reinstall, you could open system settings and click on the "additional drivers" icon.

PS: Ubuntu is really the easiest operating system to install, the only caveat being that there are quite a few laptops which resist installation, most of them being made between 1998 and 2004.  The only way to tell is to boot such computers to the live cd/usb stick.  If it doesn't work with those, it probably won't work on the hard disk installation.

Here's another tip.  when in doubt, try disconnecting the internal hard drive and installing instead on a high performance external usb stick or hard drive as a "dry run test".  I am particularly fond of the Patriot Rage Pro XT sticks.  32g is overkill so these drives, for all their performance, don't actually cost that much. Best of all, after you have made your customized external stick, you can apply it to many valid purposes, not the least of which is introducing your friends computers to ubuntu by running their windows pcs to Ubuntu.  These sticks will also facilitate data recovery on your friends computer even when their windows is so corrupted that the machine wont boot.  You can save your friends hundreds of dollars by assisting them in data recovery, or of course you can probably persuade them to give you a few bucks for the service.  I suppose that may depend on how fond you are of them.  ;-)

Almost forgot, if you install CLAMtk VIRUS SCANNER on the stick you can help your friends to see how much malware and viruses their windows computers are suffering from.  Pay close attention as most of these are password stealers and scamware, so your friends will thank you when they see how much danger they are in.  My guess is they'd pay you to install Ubuntu for them.  It can be great fun. (or profitable) but at present I don't even charge for this simple service.


Network not working properly after restart notebook closed lid

Go to Settings -> Power and set this screen as follows:

Change When the lid is closed from Suspend to Do nothing.

When not logged in
Run this command:
$ cat /etc/systemd/logind.conf | grep LidSwitch

#HandleLidSwitch=ignore
#HandleLidSwitchDocked=ignore
#LidSwitchIgnoreInhibited=yes

Systemd could be suspending the laptop when not signed into Ubuntu.


VMWare Fusion Folder Sharing Not Working with Server

I had the same problem running Kubuntu 10.04 in VMWare Fusion 3.1.3 on a Mac OS X Snow Leopard. Suddenly, after booting up in the morning, a folder, shared from the mac to the vm (linux), stopped working. The only thing I could think of the possible cause was the installation of nfs-kernel-server on the vm.

For me it worked to:

Shut donw the virtual machine (Linux)
Disable the share in Fusion.
Disable sharing in Fusion.
Boot and shut down the vm again (most likely a superfluous step).
Enable sharing and recreate the share.
Boot the vm.
Reinstall VmWareTools (this step does really does it).

Now the share was availble again and nfs server still worked too.
And after rebooting the vm, all still worked ok.


Help with hauppauge wintv-hvr-2250 on ubuntu 13.04

I recently purchased the same card knowing nothing about tv-tuner cards and linux.
I had a rough time setting it up and at one point I almost returned the card thinking it was a bad buy.

I'm glad I didn't because the card works nicely with my setup.

Here's what I did

I copied these files

NXP7164-2010-03-10.1.fw
v4l-saa7164-1.0.2-3.fw
v4l-saa7164-1.0.3-3.fw

to /lib/firmware

you can get them from here  http://www.steventoth.net/linux/hvr22xx/firmwares/

just look through the folders and you'll find them.

reboot and they should load.

you can check with dmesg | grep saa7164

this is my output

[   23.126026] saa7164 driver loaded
[   23.126116] saa7164 0000:05:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 16 (level, low) -> IRQ 16
[   23.128214] CORE saa7164[0]: subsystem: 0070:8851, board: Hauppauge WinTV-HVR2250 [card=7,autodetected]
[   23.128224] saa7164[0]/0: found at 0000:05:00.0, rev: 129, irq: 16, latency: 0, mmio: 0xfd800000
[   23.128234] saa7164 0000:05:00.0: setting latency timer to 64
[   23.305001] saa7164_downloadfirmware() no first image
[   23.305024] saa7164_downloadfirmware() Waiting for firmware upload (NXP7164-2010-03-10.1.fw)
[   24.346108] saa7164_downloadfirmware() firmware read 4019072 bytes.
[   24.346113] saa7164_downloadfirmware() firmware loaded.
[   24.346129] saa7164_downloadfirmware() SecBootLoader.FileSize = 4019072
[   24.346136] saa7164_downloadfirmware() FirmwareSize = 0x1fd6
[   24.346139] saa7164_downloadfirmware() BSLSize = 0x0
[   24.346142] saa7164_downloadfirmware() Reserved = 0x0
[   24.346145] saa7164_downloadfirmware() Version = 0x1661c00
[   31.208034] saa7164_downloadimage() Image downloaded, booting...
[   31.312020] saa7164_downloadimage() Image booted successfully.
[   33.436032] saa7164_downloadimage() Image downloaded, booting...
[   35.308041] saa7164_downloadimage() Image booted successfully.
[   35.352417] saa7164[0]: Hauppauge eeprom: model=88061
[   35.961461] DVB: registering new adapter (saa7164)
[   38.890487] DVB: registering new adapter (saa7164)
[   38.891328] saa7164[0]: registered device video0 [mpeg]
[   39.122255] saa7164[0]: registered device video1 [mpeg]
[   39.332681] saa7164[0]: registered device vbi0 [vbi]
[   39.332747] saa7164[0]: registered device vbi1 [vbi]

I've used both the analog and digital parts of the card but at the moment I'm only using the analog side because my cable provider only gives me what I'm currently paying for via analog.

I'm sure you already know this but

ivtv-utils and vlc are great tools for testing and debugging