VirtualBox tends to forget its EFI boot entries. I know of two solutions to this problem:

Move/rename the boot loader you're using (probably EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi on the EFI System Partition (ESP)) to EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi. This is the default/fallback filename, and so VirtualBox will boot from it by default if there are no other entries.
Use the VirtualBox EFI's menus to locate the boot loader you're using (again, probably EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi) and add it as a boot option. I don't recall the precise steps, and the menus aren't exactly user-friendly, but if you poke around in the menus, the options are there.

Doing either of these things should get GRUB starting, but then you've got the second issue, of X not starting. To solve this problem, try this:

Do a text-mode login.
Type sudo su to acquire root privileges.
Type Xorg -configure. This should create a file called /root/xorg.conf.new, IIRC.
Copy that newly-create file to /etc/X11/xorg.conf.
Optionally, edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf. This may or may not be required. Personally, I edit the file to set the fbdev driver as the default, but you may prefer something else. There are lots of online guides to xorg.conf, but I don't have any URLs handy, and it can be pretty complex, so completely describing it here is impractical.


How can I install Firefox 4 nightlies and Firefox 3.6 stable on the same system

Indeed, if you add the PPA, it will update Firefox 4 nightlies (which is what you want), and Firefox 3.6 to some nightlies (which you don't want, or it will loose its branding and become Namoroka).

What you want to do is to pin firefox so it won't update from the PPA (but firefox-4.0 will).

Create the file /etc/apt/preferences.d/ubuntu-mozilla-daily-pin-400 and add this:

Package: *
Pin: release o=LP-PPA-ubuntu-mozilla-daily
Pin-Priority: 400

Now, the PPA will have lower priority than the official repositories, so firefox will always check from the official repositories, but firefox-4.0, which is only on the PPA, will be updated from it.

(source for the configuration: Pinning the ubuntu-mozilla-daily PPA)

Another way, without using the command line, is to open Synaptic Package Manager, find the firefox package, and on the "Package" menu, check "Lock Version". But then, Firefox 3.6 won't get updates from the official Ubuntu repositories either. :-/


Use proc filesystem to know shell's process name

When in doubt, use /proc file system. There's folders per each process, with comm file, where that process's command is described. So, knowing shell's PID, we can know what shell it is.

$ echo $$
4824
$ cat /proc/4824/comm
mksh
$ bash
xieerqi@eagle:~$ echo $$
6197
xieerqi@eagle:~$ cat /proc/6197/comm
bash

There's also other files that you can reference to extract that same info:

/proc/$$/stat
/proc/$$/status
/proc/$$/cmdline
/proc/$$/exe  (symlink to the executable itself)

This may not work on older kernels or systems that don't support /proc filesystem ( Mac OS X, for instance ).

Variation on the same approach with ps command

ps command has -p flag which allows you to specify pid. We're still using the same idea of referencing the $$ variable for that.

$ ps -p $$
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
 7728 pts/5    00:00:00 mksh
$ bash
xieerqi@eagle:~$ ps -p $$
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
 7776 pts/5    00:00:00 bash

$0 vs $SHELL.

According to Arch Wiki ,

  SHELL contains the path to the user's preferred shell. Note that this is not necessarily the shell that is currently running, although Bash sets this variable on startup.

In other words, this is the users' default interactive shell, the same one that is set in /etc/passwd.  This also is the reason why $SHELL variable doesn't change for subshells . For instance, no matter how many shells i spawn, $SHELL variable is unchanged:

$ echo $SHELL
/bin/mksh
$ bash --posix
bash-4.3$ echo $SHELL
/bin/mksh
bash-4.3$ dash
$ echo $SHELL
/bin/mksh

$0 argument will display the "self" - the command with which a program or name of the file. So a simple script like this:

#!/bin/bash
echo $0

Will give output like this:

$ ./test_script.sh
./test_script.sh

This is also apparent when you do something like this:

$ echo 'one two three' | xargs bash -c 'echo $0'
one

For all shells , -c option places first command line argument into $0 variable.

As far as interactive shell goes, $0 usually would be sufficient, but as you can see, it is not reliable way to know what shell you're using. Knowing the process is far more reliable


If you ran just chmod 777 * and not the evil chmod -R 777 *, you haven't really done much bad to your system.

Notably, however, every top-level file and directory will need to be restored to their original permissions. Fortunately, this is a relatively simple operation. Simply run the below command:

chmod a=r,u+w,a+X *

This will do some fancy magic to reset all folder permissions back to 644 for files (the default) and 755 for folders (again, the default). See this Stack Overflow answer for a more detailed idea of how this command works.

From there, permissions should be reset to default. You may additionally need to change some other permissions back to what they were before, but this should (at the least) undo the damage.

Notably, you also want to run these two commands:

chmod 700 .ssh
chmod 600 .Xauthority

This will prevent any authentication errors either relating to X11 or SSH due to mismatched permissions. While these shouldn't matter, it's better to be safe than sorry.

In all honesty, running chmod on your home directory isn't the absolute worst thing in the world. While it can cause problems with things like SSH and Xauthority, it's pretty far from "catastrophic" as you own all the files in your home dir, and (ideally) only you should have access to them.

Given this, it's perfectly safe (but not necessarily the best idea) to just be lazy here and deny access to your entire home-folder to users that are either not yourself or not root. You can do this by running the below command:

chmod 700 ~

Effectively, this will allow only your user to access your home folder. Other users (except for root -- which has access to everything anyways) will have no way at all to access your home folder, and as such it doesn't really matter that everything inside is set to world-readable/writeable/executable.

If you just do this and call it a day, though, some systems (again) like Xauthority and SSH may complain, so pay heed to that. Similarly, some services that have a legitimate need to access your home folder under a different user account will also no longer be able to. You can somewhat solve this issue through advanced permissions-fu and ACLs, but that's just going down a very dark and windy rabbit-hole.


strange Unity behaviour in fresh install

Your first port of call should be filing a bug. Run ubuntu-bug unity from a terminal and file it on Launchpad (just follow the prompts).

And to save you from restarting, firing off unity --replace or compiz --replace should restart Unity without needing to restart the whole computer.

Additional Drivers saying "not in use" is a known bug. It's not always accurate.


Which iso image do I need to install Ubuntu 12.04 on a Macbook Pro so that it boots using (U)EFI?

Since there are different revisions of each Mac model what needs to be done may also differ.
Just selecting the right Image often isn’t enough.
With Mac laptops its usually boot/install problems are related to:

Graphic card chip (especially with  dual graphic card MacBooks)
Proper EFI booting.
Card connecting to the built in laptop monitor(again with dual grapgic card MacBooks)

The command:
dmidecode |grep -i macbookpro

will give you your  specific version. If you are able to boot into something that gives you a Linux shell. Try to deduce your model from the wikipedia MacBook version table.
I'm presuming models with the same hardware are of the same revision and hence the same steps should apply.
I've always used the ordinary Amd64 ISO for all installations described below. Not the alternate CD’s which seem to be mostly used for old,pre unibody, Apple hardware.
As long as you have refit installed in OSX, the ordinary Ubuntu live CD or USB disk  will present you with a "efi linux" boot option along with a bios boot option"
15" MacBook pro version 5.1   [ two gfx cards 9400 & 9600]
Since part of your question was that you wanted to disable the gfx card.
enter this in your grub terminal when booting:
(You can actually play around with this booting of a usb live cd if you feel like it)
the values to add in grub (just plain , not appending any pre-existing lines already present:
outb 0x728 1
outb 0x710 2
outb 0x740 2
outb 0x750 0

This will disable your card and switch the display over to the correct one.
If your display only turns black. Boot back into OSX and switch what card is being actively used and reboot and try again. Since we don't want to add this to the command line every time to grub to be able to boot have a look at this
15" macbook pro version 8.1   [ two gfx cards Intel 3000 & Amd Radeon 6490M ]
Apply the grub settings above from the 5.1 example to disable the Amd card.
Using the Intel card also has some quirks regarding LVDs timings. Resulting in a yellow back light colour and barely readable / viewable screen in console and Unity. Fixes have been merged to Kernel 3.4 and above. And it works out of the box with 3.5 Kernels.
You need to either need to patch your kernel, upgrade to a newer kernel or simply install  Ubuntu 12.10(currently beta) that ships with 3.5 out of the box.
13" MacBook pro version x.x?  [ nvidia9400m ]
works out of the box


Does Ubuntu server use the GPU in any way? [GPU temperature]

Normally I would suggest ripping out the graphics card but that's usually not an option in laptops. It might be worth exploring though.

When you run a graphical environment, most users use the nvidia kernel module. This manages the power consumption of the graphics card by helping scale back the clock speed when it's under lower loads and upps the fan speed when required.

When you're in the server mode the only graphics are the text-mode TTY displays. These won't use any real power but the graphics are active. You card is still going to be turned on and without the right driver it might be pulling more power than it actually needs.

I'm honestly not sure what's happening in Ubuntu server. I would assume nouveau (the open source driver) is being loaded but I'm not certain. That might also depend on the kernel you're using. Because I'm uncertain it might be worth experimenting.

Here are two separate options for you. Try them separately and see what happens with fan speed and temperature:

Is nouveau running? Find out by running lsmod | grep nouv. If it is, try blacklisting it. That's as simple as sticking blacklist nouveau at the end of /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf.
If that doesn't help try installing the real nvidia driver. I'd probably suggest you do that with jockey-text (you'll need to install the jockey-common package).


EDIT: Please note there are actually two versions of PPK files at play - one is the "older" binary one, and one is the newer "readable" one.

PPK files are Putty Private Key files, readable by PuttyGEN and Putty.  In older PPK generated versions, they are stored as binary files, meaning they do not have any human-readable bits in them.

If you intend to read the contents of an old-style PPK, such as the specific private key bits that you'd find with an ssh-keygen'd private key, you need to convert the PPK to OpenSSH format and then read the Base64'd ASCII.

This applies for the Public Key file as well, though it's in SSH2 format which is not the format that'll work for SSH.

In newer versions of PuttyGEN and Putty(and not in the repos for Linux at this time), the PPK file is human readable to an extent.  This means that in the latest PuTTY, you can read the PPK and Public Key as human readable.

However I have not found this 'newer' PuTTY on Linux yet, and only have found those binaries on Linux.

Also, without actually examining the files themselves, I can't determine whether the file you think is a PPK or a public key is actually a key that you can easily properly read or not; some keys are in 'binary form' and not openable, and those're either old PPK files or not the files you think they are and therefore aren't human readable (identification certificates for example can be used with OpenSSH connections, and if the certificate is in DER format it's in binary non-human-readable format).


Alternative to Gwibber with message indicator support

Pidgin is an easy to use and free chat client used by millions. Connect to AIM, MSN, Yahoo, and more chat networks all at once.

To install Pidgin just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below:

sudo apt-get install pidgin


In /etc/default folder there is grub file. Often settings in this file are used to alter boot options. In this case, particularly we're interested in this line : GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= . To boot into console mode , there hast to be "text" written after equals sign, and in case you want gui boot , it would be  "quiet splash" . To have ubuntu booting with startup messages displayed, it would be "splash". It appears that in your case you need to change splash to quiet splash

I'm booting with GUI enabled. Here's how those lines in my grub file look like:

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

Look at this file , and see what it says. (You could use this command just to view cat /etc/default/grub). Before editing, make a backup copy of the file, sudo cp grub grub.backup . To edit, use this command sudo nano /etc/default/grub. You didn't specify how much you are familiar with command line in your original question, so just in case you're not, nano is a command line text editor. When you're done editing,  just press Ctrl+X, then Y, then enter. Run sudo update-grub . After that reboot, see what happens.

Sources: askubuntu.com  and askubuntu.com  ; mainly for your question you should refer to the second one.

Please let me know if this helps. Also, other fellow ubuntu users, please post comments or suggested improvements to my answer


keep gnome fallback, drop everything else

if you are fine with making friends with gnome 3, Ubuntu has released a Ubuntu/gnome OS. their are instructions for switching to this flavor here.


edit1: add one mre workarround...

You installed the TeX 3d graphic library1, not the macOS ONLY sketch design tool 2

Sorry this app is only in MacOS, no windows (so no wine), no linux port.

Workaround:

Ask for exported files(PDF recomended)
Try marvelapp.com
Try (14 days trial) or Pay for avocode.com
Use a macOS machine


How to play AV1 videos on Ubuntu 16.04.5

Latest version (not the one in the default repositories) of mpv will handle it. v0.29.0 works.


Howto overlay subtitles onto video using avconv?

For anybody who is interested, I figured it out ..... avconv can't do it, ffmpeg can. I have now made the switch to ffmpeg and will drop avconv.

I compiled the latest version of ffmpeg (v 2.3.3). I converted my 'sup' format subtitles to 'sub/idx' format, then specified the '.idx' file as the subtitle file and the overlay process worked a treat.

The final command is;

ffmpeg -i input.mkv -i subtitles.idx -filter_complex '[0:v][1:s]overlay[vid]' -map '[vid]' -s hd720 -sws_flags lanczos -vcodec libx264 -crf 20 -preset medium ~/Desktop/test.mkv

x264 settings can be configured as desired, off course.


I confirmed that AO725 is indeed running hotter with Ubuntu 12.10 as well than Windows 8.
Windows 8 is measured at 45to55° C, Ubuntu at 68to84° C

Are you using Psensor to monitor the temperature? Can you try increasing the PSensor Update interval to 5 seconds and Measure update interval to 5 seconds as well? Would that slightly bring down your CPU temperature?

Some guy here Ubuntu 12.10 Laptop temperature seem to have the answer to why ubuntu is hotter.


Why is there a shell given to user for PostgreSQL?

There is a shell because we use PostgreSQL from the command line as the PostgreSQL user.


Stream music from Ubuntu One to several phones?

Yes, we're not enforcing number of concurrent clients at the moment. If we ever do, you would certainly be able to use 2 devices at the same time.


How do I make VLC handle videos in Firefox instead of Totem?

I don't recommend doing that. While VLC is one of the best players, the plugin is really bad. The recommendation on the other reply to change the Applications settings won't work. When you have multiple plugins installed, Firefox decides which one to use by the mime-type of the content. The only way I know how to force Firefox to use another plugin is to change the video object type in the page, but that is very complicated and not feasible.

I would recommend removing VLC plugin and Totem plugin, then installing gecko-mediaplayer.


Memory cache still load, after close programs

The cache has nothing to do with running programs.  The cache is memory that is otherwise unused, so it is instead used to hold recently accessed data from the disk, in case it is needed again.  This speeds up disk access by avoiding much of it since the data is already in ram.  This is a good thing as it speeds up the system essentially for free, since that ram would otherwise be going to waste.  Dropping the cache, therefore, is a bad idea except for doing cold cache performance benchmarking.

You can count memory used by the cache as free, which is why the free program prints a line with the cache added to the free count and subtracted from the used count.


Cannot get serial port to read input on Ubuntu 14.04

You keep mixing up the ports. Try looking with minicom to /dev/ttyS4
Remember the exact syntax, do not forget that capital S or the y as in your question.

Or do "sudo apt install cutecom". It is the same as minicom but graphical and it lists the attached devices so you can not miss.

(And as always with this TTL voltages you could bend two paperclips and fiddle them in port 5 (left upper) and the middle upper one and put this in your mouth with one hand suspended over a keyboard to get the data into a readable format. Use two hands for baud rates of 9600 and up.)


Autofill (with incrementing row-number) in spreadsheet programs doesn't work as expected

Well, In your question some parts are not clear. But the result is important. So I will give you the answer.
First,

I have two rows with values and third row must be a difference between first and second row, like here:

3 5 1  (first row)
2 2 5  (Second Row)
1 3 -4 (third row)

Now in Libre office calc (or in anyother spread sheet program),if you want to get the result in 3rd row by subtracting from first and second row,your formula doesn't work

I enter a formula in the 3rd row 2nd column: =$B3-$B4 (here you are subtracting the 3rd row with4th row )
I enter a formula in the 3rd row 3rd column: =$C3-$C4(here you are subtracting the 3rd row with4th row )

so if you want the subtracted result in 3rd row you have to type in 3rd row first column
=A1-A2
in 3rd row second column
=B1-B2
then inorder to move thse formula to the next part of the third row, selct the 3rd row second column,then grab the dot then drag it to the other are of the third column where you want th formula applicble.
There you have it..... you will get
third row must be a difference between first and second row
All the best from RJK


Lanuage suddenly missing - ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS

This is a bug and it is tracked here. It has been fixed but at the moment the fix is not in main repositories.

For Ubuntu 18.10 (Cosmic): the problem should be resolved when gnome-shell is updated to version 3.30.2-2.

For Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic): the fix is still under review (more information)

You can the following command to check the installed version of gnome-shell package:

apt-cache policy gnome-shell


Headphones test fine but give static during actual use

As the sound test worked without problems you could try to use a different music player. If you only tried one format (e.g. only .mp3) you could try to play something different, e.g. an .ogg file (e.g. the login sound: /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/desktop-login.ogg)


Is there an official folder in the home directory for storing keymaps?

It's is a limitation of XKB which can't be easily worked around. There is a fresh Ubuntu bug report which highlights the issue, but a possible fix should reasonably be done upstream. Can't tell if/when it will happen.

It's worth mentioning that for this very reason we usually don't update xkb-data in stable releases.


If you use NetworkManager, you can try this command to toggle wifi off and on:

nmcli radio wifi off
nmcli radio wifi on

This commands works over D-Bus and is about the equivalent to rfkill block wifi; rfkill unblock wifi.


Is it possible to re-arrange the search providers on the GNOME Shell Activities Overview display?

11.10
There is a key that is referred to in the gnome-shell search code that allows you to specify which search providers should not be displayed...
By changing the logic you can change that to be a search order list - for example
gsettings set org.gnome.shell disabled-open-search-providers "['duckduckgo.xml', 'google.xml', 'wikipedia.xml']"

gsettings set org.gnome.shell disabled-open-search-providers "['wikipedia.xml', 'duckduckgo.xml', 'google.xml']"

how to
First make a backup copy of the search script:
sudo cp /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/search.js /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/search.js.backup

Now edit the search script:
gksudo gedit /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/search.js

Look for the function containing the following code (it probably starts on line 325):
 _refresh: function() {
        this._providers = [];
        let names = global.settings.get_strv(DISABLED_OPEN_SEARCH_PROVIDERS_KEY);
        let file = Gio.file_new_for_path(global.datadir + '/search_providers');
        FileUtils.listDirAsync(file, Lang.bind(this, function(files) {
            for (let i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
                let enabled = true;
                let name = files[i].get_name();
                for (let k = 0; k < names.length; k++)
                    if (names[k] == name)
                        enabled = false;
                if (enabled)
                    this._addProvider(name);
            }
        }));
    }

Change this function to be:
_refresh: function() {
        this._providers = [];
        let names = global.settings.get_strv(DISABLED_OPEN_SEARCH_PROVIDERS_KEY);
        let file = Gio.file_new_for_path(global.datadir + '/search_providers');
        FileUtils.listDirAsync(file, Lang.bind(this, function(files) {
            for (let i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
                for (let k = 0; k < files.length; k++)
                    if (names[i] == files[k].get_name())
                        this._addProvider(names[i])
            }
        }));
    }

Press Alt+F2, type 'r' and press enter. This should restart Gnome-shell). Alternatively, logout and login.
credit

Linked Questions:

Is it possible to customise the search engine buttons in GNOME Shell?
Is it possible to remove or replace Google search in GNOME Shell's dash?


Running text editor as root uses another config

What happens in your case is that probably the configuration contains the option always_set_home which switches the home directory and thus the configuration to /root.

Solutions:

You can use sudoedit for this purpose, which will preserve your environment.
You can check your sudo configuration using sudo visudo and comment out the always_set_home option
You can use sudo -E gedit file to preserve the environment

I'm not aware of any security implications, but of course nasty things will happen if someone replaces the gedit configuration file with a symlink to a system file. But if you use sudo gedit it is assumed that you know what is going on on your system.


how to take screenshots using keyboard combo in Kubuntu 16.04.3?

Taking a picture of the desktop using keyboard shortcut and the image is automatically saved to the user desktop

Using Spectacle - KDE Framework 5 default screenshot capture utility:

$ spectacle --help
Usage: spectacle [options]
KDE Screenshot Utility

Options:
  -v, --version              Displays version information.
  -h, --help                 Displays this help.
  --author                   Show author information.
  --license                  Show license information.
  --desktopfile <file name>  The base file name of the desktop entry for this
                             application.
  -f, --fullscreen           Capture the entire desktop (default)
  -m, --current              Capture the current monitor
  -a, --activewindow         Capture the active window
  -u, --windowundercursor    Capture the window currently under the cursor,
                             including parents of pop-up menus
  -t, --transientonly        Capture the window currently under the cursor,
                             excluding parents of pop-up menus
  -r, --region               Capture a rectangular region of the screen
  -g, --gui                  Start in GUI mode (default)
  -b, --background           Take a screenshot and exit without showing the GUI
  -s, --dbus                 Start in DBus-Activation mode
  -n, --nonotify             In background mode, do not pop up a notification
                             when the screenshot is taken
  -o, --output <fileName>    In background mode, save image to specified file
  -d, --delay <delayMsec>    In background mode, delay before taking the shot
                             (in milliseconds)
  -w, --onclick              Wait for a click before taking screenshot.
                             Invalidates delay

Command:

spectacle -f -b -n -o "$HOME/Desktop/ScreenShot-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S).jpg"

will capture the entire desktop image to the user Desktop folder aka desktop.

The command can be added to the KDE menu with the KDE menu editor: https://docs.kde.org/stable5/en/kde-workspace/kmenuedit/index.html

The command can be launched with the user defined shortcut:

When the shortcut is clicked the picture is saved to the desktop:


Chromium Profile from .deb package to snap version

Looking at the man page for chromium, it seems that you can tell it where to look for profiles. You could try to install the snap version again, then execute this command pointing to your existing profile directory:
chromium-browser --user-data-dir=/home/user/.config/chromium


Ubuntu Software Center does not open - dbus error

permissions in your python packages are possibly not working.

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/

where you can replace $USER with your login name (the one in lowercase).

or preferably the same for just the packages it is complaining about


How do I change startup sound in KDE Plasma?

In KDE Plasma 5.18, follow

System Settings > Notifications > Applications > Plasma Workspace > Configure Events > Login

For older versions,

Follow the path from:

KDE Button > System Settings > Application and System Notifications

From here drill a little deeper:

Manage Notifications > Applications > Event Source > KDE Workspace

Scroll down to 'Login' and from there you can select a new sound. The screenshot below illustrates this on my own system:


Login Screen Doesn't Appear Automatically, need to press Ctrl+Alt+F1 and then Ctrl+Alt+F7

Try to reconfigure lightdm, it may fix your issue

Open terminal(CTRL+ALT+T) and execute following command:

sudo dpkg-reconfigre lightdm

Then chose lightdm from the list.
Restart your system:

sudo reboot now

It may fix your issue. If doesn't fix then follow 2nd Method.

Method 2:

Installing a new display manager can fix your problem. Steps to install GDM(a display manager much like lightdm):

Open terminal(CTRL+ALT+T) and execute following commands:

sudo apt-get install gdm
sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

then chose gdm from the list. And restart your system:

sudo reboot now

If you tried a lot and nothing seems to work then at least you can give it a try.. Hope these methods solve your issue. Reply for further assistance.


No Grub after installing Ubuntu beside Windows 7

Grub needs to be installed on primary boot partition. I fear in this case Grub is not installed on the primary partition which is active.

Edited on 4th feb: Procedure to install GRUB

I am assuming you installed Ubuntu FROM USB, but to a hard disk, not on USB.

Pre-requisites: Standard pre-caution -Have windows backed up in case anything goes wrong

Then, Boot from a live CD/USB and open terminal.

The issue the command sudo fdisk -l

This will list the partitions on every hard disk. On the boot colomn the partition with '*' marked is your default boot partition. If Linux partitions are detected, you will see the 'id' column with number 83 (Linux)and/or 82 (swap). Normal windows partitions will have ID 7 (HPFS/NTFS). There are more possible options, but these are major.

GRUB (now GRUB2) needs to installed on the default partition

Mount that partition to /mnt sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt (assuming your disk is sda primary boot partition is named as sda1, replace with your actual partition name)

Issue command to install grub2 on that partition.

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sda

This should install grub on correct location (Will look the boot partition and install it there).

Reboot, now you should see GRUB menu and should be able to dual boot to Ubuntu and Windows.


CUDA 8.0 on Ubuntu 16.04 - conflicting drivers

I am running a setup identical with yours. I think you misnamed the module, it should be nvidia_uvm. I used the Ubuntu supplied Nvidia drivers (same versions as yours, and have an identical mix of 367.48 and 57 versions.


Mounting multiple external HDD storages as /mnt/sdx might cause I/O error on wake from suspend?

Yes.

UUID is the preferred method because /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, etc. can change between boots.

It's described in detail here: persistent_block_device_naming


Grant SSH access to subfolder which is owned by root

From your auth.log notes, it appears that this is a permissions issue.  Specifically the log line that says

21:10:18 localhost sshd[16609]: fatal: bad ownership or modes for chroot directory component "/srv/"

If you leave your sshd_config line reading ChrootDirectory /srv/jarvis/carl, as it is currently, then every directory in this path need to have the following characteristics:

It needs to be owned by the root user (group is not important)
It cannot be group or world writable (i.e. would need chmod 755)

Again, these apply to /srv, /srv/jarvis, and /srv/jarvis/carl.  Unfortunately, the result of this is that this user carl will not be able to write into his top-level directory (after the chroot takes effect).  One way around this is to prepare a subdirectory there and give him ownership of it, so he has some place to create files and folders.

I haven't tested it myself, but some discussions of this topic across the web has led me to believe that if you change your ChrootDirectory directive to read:

ChrootDirectory /srv/jarvis/%u

(which, in your case, will always mean /srv/jarvis/carl since he's the only one that would match), sshd may treat the wildcard-matching folder differently.  You may be able to get away with the user carl owning the carl folder this way.  Again, no guarantees.  If not, the first method described should work.


When you're building a docker image you try to keep it the smallest possible.
So who builds an image installing a package removes the cache to keep il small. The consequence is that you must run apt-get update if you want to install any package.
And as each docker command executed produces a layer, and its content will stay there "forever", once you finish to install the package you want to remove the cache too.
The two ways to do that are either one of the following:

rm -rf /var/cache/apt/archives.

OR

apt-get clean

clears out the local repository of retrieved package files. It removes everything but the lock file from /var/cache/apt/archives/ and /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/.
(source: man page)


No animations, artifacting, no rounded corners on windows after upgrading to Kubuntu 17.04

I honestly can't believe the solution was this simple but I managed to solve this by going into System Settings -> Display and Monitor -> Compositor and changing the Rendering backend to XRender and the Scale method to Smooth (slower) rather than Crisp.


Are "file Notes" exclusive to Nautilus; is there a Terminal CLI?

I am not sure about your first and third question but it appears that it is exclusive (by that I mean that nautilus' metadata is not portable) to Nautilus and I couldn't find any tools for extracting Nautilus file annotations, but here are a few examples of how to access file annotations from the command line,

Set the notes for a file:

hello@world:~$ gvfs-set-attribute -t string Hello.txt metadata::annotation "This is a note."

Read the notes for a file:

hello@world:~$ gvfs-info -a metadata::annotation Hello.txt
attributes:
  metadata::annotation: This is a note.


how to open adhaar card in adobe reader with singed validate

I had the same problem. You need to install Adobe Reader to validate signature of aadhar card, because the signature validation implementation is specifically done in Adobe Reader only. Use this question to install Adobe Reader
How to Install Adobe Acrobat in Ubuntu 16.04?

Once you install it you should be able to validate signature of aadhar card as per instructions provided at https://eaadhaar.uidai.gov.in/#


Why can't I reduce the screen luminosity on Toshiba L775?

That seems strange... I own a Toshiba Satellite P755, and can change the brightness under both the computer settings and the keyboard short-cut (FN F6 and F7). You should (theoretically) be able to change it either way. Have you tried both the short-cut and adjusting the brightness under "Brightness and Lock" under "System Settings?"


Unity Launch Button Changes Color in 14.04- Why?

Usually, the button color is based on your desktop wallpaper, you can try to fix it by changing the wallpaper and then be back on the one you like.

P.S. The true name is "dash button".


Can't decide which drive to choose to install Ubuntu Ubuntu 20.04.2.0 LTS

Here is what I would suggest:

BACKUP ANY IMPORTANT DATA, JUST TO BE ON THE SAFE SIDE

Make note of which nvme drive is in exactly which slot on your motherboard
Remove the recently installed nvme drive from your computer (make sure you can boot into Windows, to be sure you removed the correct drive)
With the newly added drive removed, reboot the computer into the Ubuntu live USB
Make your way through the installer until you reach the Something else option (same section as, for example, Erase disk and install Ubuntu)
With Something else selected, click Continue
When you reach the partitioning screen, make note of the name of the nvme drive listed towards the top (either nvme0n1 or nvme1n1), This will be the drive Windows is installed on, and should retain it's drive name even after replacing the second nvme drive (take a picture of the partition layout just to be on the safe side)
Power down your computer, reinstall the second nvme drive, and once again boot into the Ubuntu live USB
Repeat steps 3 and 4, although this time with the intention of installing Ubuntu
Double check that the drive you noted from before (i.e. nvme1n1) still has the same drive layout (that you took a picture of)
Once you are as sure as you can be, click Back and install Ubuntu however you intend to, on your secondary nvme drive (i.e. nvme0n1)
Grab a cup of, I dunno, tea? and let the installer do it's thing
Reboot your computer
Enjoy using Ubuntu!
Check out OMG! Ubuntu's 10 Things to do After Installing Ubuntu 20.04 LTS  article for some tips and ideas


Maybe you need to install the driver of the printer. To do that, you have to go to Printers -> Add new printer and follow the instructions. You should look for the model  of you printer. If it does not work you can also specify an external source for the driver and at that point you can use your CD.


Ubuntu 18.04 Desktop freezes after opening IntelliJ PHPStorm or WebStorm twice

Yes, this is a issue that seems to be related to the bundled JDK. It recently got worse on the latest update.

What I do and sometimes it works, other times it does not is to restart the GPU:
sudo rmmod nvidia_uvm ; sudo modprobe nvidia_uvm,

then restart the sddm:
sudo /usr/share/sddm/scripts/Xsetup

and restart plasmashell:
killall plasmashell && plasmashell > /dev/null 2>&1 & disown.

I have been facing this issue for the past 2 years (or something) and on latest Ubuntu 19 its way worse.

I have updated NVidia to
 | NVIDIA-SMI 440.64       |
 |  Driver Version: 440.64 |
 |  CUDA Version: 10.2     |

and its reaching a point where the OS is practically un-usable when WebStorm/Goland are running.

The best config I got so far was Ubuntu 18 with NVIDIA 390, so I would recommend you to not update nvidia drivers so fast.


The problem was hardware decoding set to vdpau. After trying other options several of them are working fine (I don't see a control overlay, but at least the video isn't full of artifacts).


~/.pam_environment isn't evaluated by a shell but by the pam_env PAM module. So you can't use shell syntax like $PATH there and your $PATH is now set to literally /home/acer:$PATH so programs in /bin/, /usr/bin/, ... aren't found.

Boot into recovery mode (see How do I boot into a root shell?) and edit or remove your .pam_environment.


1 Yes you can do this using the unity tweak tool, which can be found in the default software sources. once in unity tweak tool go to the windows snapping section and configure it as you like.

2 Please update to 15.10, as 15.04 is no longer supported and you will most likely have your questions taken down unless you update.


Unable to boot after installing systemd-services and changing the init parameter on boot

Well, I´m not sure what Canonical did. When I installed systemd on my Raring installation (as seen in comments), the binary was there. Now it isn´t anywhere, and the changelog before Utopic version 208-8ubuntu1 is useless (utopic does have the binary there), since they just imported the package from Debian, which is a blessing to Utopic users, since the method described in the answer works for them.

Trusty changelogs doesn´t either explain what could happened either. I checked the BZR repository looking for clues directly about what happened with the package. There´s a systemd.install file in the debian\ directory, yet the package itself doesn´t exist in repositories; the systemv-init package which replace /sbin/init with a link to systemd binary indeed points to /lib/systemd/systemd, which only adds to my confusion. The control file has an entry for the systemd package too. The systemd.link file also links to /lib/systemd/systemd from the /bin directory.

All evidence points that systemd package is necesary to get systemd binary, yet the package itself is not provided anywhere for trusty. This has lead me to think that Canonical decided to not provide systemd binary for releases before trusty in their repositories, which is hinted by the fact that if you build the systemd debian source package that Ubuntu provides you will get the systemd package and all necesary binaries to boot using systemd as init.

So, to solve the problem you are facing, because the binary simply isn´t there, you just need to remove the init of your kernel parameters and revert the changes you have done to your /etc/default/grub file and run sudo update-grub, in summary everything you have done in order to replace upstart with systemd. Afterwards, is your call: upgrade to utopic, leave it as it is, or build systemd package from debian sources.

For now, I would only recommend Utopic and later users to install systemd, as before that, there´s no sure fire way to install systemd and replace the init with the packages provided by Canonical/Ubuntu repositories.


To use Windows and Ubuntu on one computer, which should I install first?

It is significantly easier to install Ubuntu after installing Windows. The Windows installation process has no option for installation alongside another operating system, so doing so involves manually resizing partitions and fiddling with your master boot record. While this is certainly doable, the process is less "on rails" and leaves more room for user error.

Installing Ubuntu second is as simple as the following screen:


Is using Firefox while installing ill-advised?

Under most circumstances, browsing will have no significant effect upon installing Ubuntu. Most desktop systems have plenty of resources to both simultaneously.

If your network bandwidth is limited, then using some of that bandwidth for browsing might delay completion of the install by a few minutes.


You need to incrementally upgrade.

Here are the instructions to go from 10.10 to 11.04.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NattyUpgrades

Continue upgrading to higher versions until 12.04 or above (Since that is what is currently supported).


You should use the option something else. From there you can select the /dev/sda4 partition and assign (mount point) it to root (/).

Keep in mind that ext2 filesystem is considered as deprecated nowadays. Use ext4 instead.


The Constant for NumberFormatter::__construct is NumberFormatter::CURRENCY
 $MoneyFormat = new \NumberFormatter('en_US', \NumberFormatter::CURRENCY);
 print $MoneyFormat->format(5.12);


A specific user is unable to log in to vsftpd

I ran across this while letting my friend piggy back off my vps. I had to set his shell to a real shell instead or /bin/false or /bin/nologin. I then used the DenyUsers option in sshd_config to prevent him connecting via ssh.

It may be a bug with VsFTP but I didnt have time to get to the bottom of it yet.


Why is the window manager showing faded things after they're removed?

The issue is resolved, but I'm not sure which of the suggestions above resolved it! I suspect aptitude had resolved broken package dependencies which hadn't shown up until I rebooted.
All happy now. Thank you, lovely people.


How to package an application that contains a binary that needs to be in $PATH?

Packages that are submitted for extras.ubuntu.com cannot install binaries that are intended to be accessible from the default $PATH - they are meant to be relatively lightweight GUI applications. This excludes installing Upstart services or other files into /etc.

The restrictions on files were made for security reasons when the ARB process was written up.

For applications such as these, you can still submit them to the Ubuntu archive (main, universe) & request a backport to the stable release.


How to embed a terminal the desktop of Ubuntu 15.10

Here is how I do it!

1.Download the Tilda.

2.Set up the Tilda to your preferred position.

3.In Compiz,  configure the Window Rules as follow.

Image of window rules

4.Add a startup option

Image of startup application settings

5.You are done!!!


How can I make Indicator Session only show my username and not my full name?

I'm not sure that you can just display the username due to this bug-report.

However - if you just want to hide your long real-name then

Install dconf editor from software center:

From the Dash open the dconf-editor:

navigate to the area shown in the picture and uncheck the option shown.

You will need to do one of the following for the change to take effect:

run from a terminal killall indicator-session-service or
logout and login


Boot partition missing? Can't boot into Ubuntu anymore. Does it have to do with GRUB or Boot partition or similar?

Boot-Repair when it is run from a live USB will create a EFI System Partition on UEFI computers if there isn't one, and also add the existing Windows OS to the grub boot menu. A swap file has been created by default on new Ubuntu installations since 17.04 instead of a swap partition, so please ignore the obsolete advice that told you to create a swap partition.
Now you have the right partitions, but Ubuntu is not always compatible with the boot partition that Boot-Repair created. Test the results of Boot-Repair by booting each of the two OSs in the dual boot. If the results of Boot-Repair are successful then you are done. If you reinstall Ubuntu it will overwrite the bootloader that Boot-Repair created and everything will be OK.
✅ After enabling UEFI in the BIOS in order to use Boot-Repair it showed the GRUB boot menu which had gone missing before.
If you are reinstalling Ubuntu please consider installing Ubuntu 20.04 instead of Ubuntu 20.10. Optional free Extended Security Maintenance (ESM) support is available for Ubuntu 20.04 until April, 2030. As your laptop that was manufactured in 2012 gets older, it will get harder and harder to install the latest version of Ubuntu on it.


Freeze installing Ubuntu 18.04 on OMEN by HP

Late answer to this question but I had the same problem which I had to figure out by myself. This problem seems to stem from the fact that gaming laptops rely on nvidia graphics cards for the display and so tend to be tied to nvidia graphics drivers so there seems to be a conflict with nvidia graphics drivers and the Ubuntu noveau drivers.

The solution is to black-list the noveau drivers and install the nvidia ones .

Disable Secure Boot (change this in BIOS)
Go to Grub Ubuntu option (BUT DONT PRESS ENTER) Press e
Find the line that starts with: linux then add: modprobe.blacklist=nouveau after: quiet splash.
After installation make sure to blacklist noveau at the installed Grub
Then install the nvidia drivers;

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa

sudo apt update

sudo apt install nvidia-driver-[**your driver version number**]

sudo reboot

I gleaned this from a solution for MSI laptops as a guide. I had already installed Ubuntu but it was freezing at startup so at the Grub menu I just modified the Ubuntu Entry to blacklist the noveau driver and then proceeded to install nvidia drivers. Note: make sure to use the correct nvidia driver for your card as it may not be the 396 used in the solution mine was 390 for the 1050Ti


This solved the issue for me:

sudo apt-get install update-manager python3-update-manager

The python module was missing. Seems to be a dependency bug in Ubuntu 18.04


sftp bookmarks - programs to open remote sftp files

Solution founded in the italian Ubuntu-it forum:
http://forum.ubuntu-it.org/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=607760

The solution is to use sshfs.


Read error rate is 20,000 times higher than the threshold?

Read error rate is an index whose value it's meaningful only if interpreted based on a manufacturer's guideline, since there's no standard way to implement it.

Conversely, the Reallocated sector count index is very alarming: 3736544 sectors * 512B = 1913110528B = 1.91GB~, and this means that almost 2GB worth of sectors are gone already.

So, to answer your question, the drive is failing.

Personally, I wouldn't store a single byte worth of important informations on it.


"Time on Server" on samba share kubuntu 17.04

I suppose you already have the smbclient package. It is very common that access is blocked by the ubuntu firewall. Additionally check the permissions on the Windows server resource. In linux.
Check firewall (you have open port 445 tcp)

In turn try to access through the IP. Then you can add such IP in the hosts file

check smb://<ip-server>/<resource>


Kubuntu 20.04 Global Shortcuts / Application Launchers not working

KDE Plasma should be the default desktop environment.
To make sure it is, use the following commands from a terminal.
First do a sudo apt-get update and then sudo apt-get remove kubuntu-desktop
folloed by
sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop or if no joy redo this step using kubuntu-fullReboot and try your shortcuts again.


Script to spread each file to its associated directory

In bash:

#! /bin/bash

for i
do
    f="${i##*/}"
    y="${f:0:4}"
    m="${f:4:2}"
    d="${f:6:2}"
    x="${f:8}"
    mkdir -p "$d-$m-$y" && mv "$i" "$d-$m-$y/$x"
done

Save it as a script (say, mover.sh) and do:

/path/to/mover.sh *

Or:

find /path/to/pics -type f -exec /path/to/mover.sh {} +

Use a echo instead of mkdir and mv to test-drive it.

f="${i##*/}" - get the filename stripping directory components.
y="${f:0:4}", and the other four - get the substrings at that position of that length.

Or, using regular expressions instead of substrings, with the benefit of actually testing for the pattern as well:

#! /bin/bash

for i
do
    f="${i##*/}"
    if [[ $f =~ ([0-9]{4})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})(.*) ]]
    then
        y="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
        m="${BASH_REMATCH[2]}"
        d="${BASH_REMATCH[3]}"
        x="${BASH_REMATCH[4]}"
        mkdir -p "$d-$m-$y" && mv "$i" "$d-$m-$y/$x"
    fi
done


No notifications from Telegram on BQ Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Edition

Telegram was unable to connect to our servers for a few hours today because we stopped allowing SSLv3 connections. They've fixed it now.


Linux process automatically starts again with new new PID after killing

You are misunderstanding the output of ps. Your first command, sudo systemctl stop nginx is the right way to stop a running service and did actually work. The line you see in the ps isn't a running nginx process, that is the grep process you launched:
$ ps aux | grep foo
terdon    642773  0.0  0.0   8944  2384 pts/23   S+   13:40   0:00 grep --color foo

When you run ps | grep, that is a process so that is also included in the output of ps. And, since your grep contains the string nginx, the grep itself is included in the output of grep. The usual ways around this are:

Use pgrep instead of grep
 pgrep nginx

That will only return anything (a list of PIDs) if there is a running nginx process.

Use a character class in grep so that you can still match the process, but will ignore grep itself:
 ps aux | grep '[n]ginx'

Because the grep process now contains [n]ginx instead of nginx, it will not be matched by itself.
Since these are set up as services and, presumably, set to launch automatically, killing them just makes them restart. To stop them, you should always use systemctl stop nginx or, if your system supports it service nginx stop.


Install a fallback version of gcc g++ alongside the latest version?

You could always download and build the version of GCC you want, then add a script in /usr/bin/ to run it.  There's other ways of doing this which involves editing the PATH but I am not 100% sure on the details so... script it is I guess. (note: gcc-x.y.z is the version you want to use, IE: gcc-4.9.0.  Don't type gcc-x.y.z it will not work)

This article from the OSDev wiki goes over installing a version of GCC (it says newest but you can do any version you want when you download from the ftp mirror).

Start by downloading the version of GCC you want from here.

Extract it into $HOME/src.  You should have a gcc folder or something like that in $HOME/src.

Go to gcc-x.y.z/ and execute contrib/download_prerequisites
This should get the correct versions of the dependencies you need.

Now decide if you want this for just you or globally.  If you're just using this you can install it in $HOME/opt/ or globally /usr/local/gcc-x.y.z (I don't think it really matters since we will be placing a script in /usr/bin but don't quote me on that one)

Now, execute export PREFIX="$HOME/opt/gcc-x.y.z (or the /usr/local/gcc-x.y.z if you're using that as your prefix)

Now, according to the OSDev wiki you want to do

cd $HOME/src

If you wish to build these packages as part of gcc:

mv gmp-x.y.z gcc-x.y.z/gmp
mv mpfr-x.y.z gcc-x.y.z/mpfr
mv mpc-x.y.z gcc-x.y.z/mpc

Then:

mkdir build-gcc
cd build-gcc
../gcc-x.y.z/configure --prefix="$PREFIX" --disable-nls --enable-languages=c,c++
make
make install

Now you can find it in $PREFIX/gcc-x.y.z (should be the $HOME/opt/cross or /usr/local/gcc-x.y.z)

now make a file in /usr/bin called gcc-4.9 (and g++-4.9).
In the script, add

#!/bin/sh

and

$HOME/opt/gcc-x.y.z/gcc "$@"

This will pass all the arguments from the command to this version of gcc.
(psst, do the same for the g++ script as well)

Test it out to see if it works.  Also if anyone has suggestions in the comments please tell me because I probably made a mistake somewhere.


16.04 LTS wifi connection lost randomly every 5 minutes

Finally, I was able to fix the issue.

Get details of your PCI wireless card by running the following

sudo lshw -class network

Get your card model info according to the product line of the wireless interface. For instance, as you can see in the question description it says product: RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter so the model of my card is RTL8723BE
Open or create /etc/pm/config.d/config and add SUSPEND_MODULES="rtl8723be"(replace rtl8723be with your own model number) Then run

echo "options rtl8723be fwlps=N" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf

and reboot.

Now your system should be able to reconnect automatically after sleep, and wifi connection never got lost once for me after doing this.


Accessing, from inside a script, the exact command that was issued on terminal to fire the script in question

You can do this:
howiwasran="${@: 2}"

In bash, $@ is a bash array of arguments, including the script name ($@ is similar to argv in C/C++).
The colon here is used to offset into the array. I include a space between the : and the 2 because an expression like
${var:-2}

has a different meaning:

${parameter:-word}
Use Default Values. If parameter is unset or null, the expansion of word is substituted. Otherwise, the value of parameter is substituted.

(source)
Therefore leaving a space between the : and the number ensures you can make negative offsets into the array, similarly to using negative array indices in python.
Note that this syntax is not valid in sh. If you use this syntax with sh, you will get a Bad substitution error.
Also note that something like file*, if unquoted, will be expanded by the shell with globbing. Globbing will be applied before the script is started, so the script will not see file* in its $@, it will see something like file1 file2 file3 ... instead.


OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory in juncBASE

Python can't find a file mentioned. Looking at the source code and manual, it mentions this:

  You may need to modify this file [IlluminaHBM_2.0_samp2test_bam.txt]
  to specify the full path of the bam files

So in your case you may not have downloaded the test files or need to edit IlluminaHBM_2.0_samp2test_bam.txt to look something like this:

kidney  /home/sabah/juncBase/juncBASE_v0.6/kidney.bam
breast  /home/sabah/juncBase/juncBASE_v0.6/breast.bam
adrenal /home/sabah/juncBase/juncBASE_v0.6/adrenal.bam
colon   /home/sabah/juncBase/juncBASE_v0.6/colon.bam
lung    /home/sabah/juncBase/juncBASE_v0.6/lung.bam
liver   /home/sabah/juncBase/juncBASE_v0.6/liver.bam


Check to see if you have lightdm installed:

lightdm -v

Install lightdm from your terminal:

sudo apt-get install lightdm

PS: Ctrl+Alt+F1 should grant you access to the console even if you do not have any screen icons


Open a Terminal an type the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) universe"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc

Vlc was not found because it's only available in the universe repository.


sublime text ask me my password every time i save

When you changed ownership of the directory, did you use the -R (recursive) flag?

If not, likely, the files that already existed in that directory are still owned by a different user.

Try running:

ls -l

in the htdocs directory to see ownership and permissions.


Should I backup my data partition before installing Ubuntu?

Hardware can and does fail all the time.

So short answer you should backup whenever your system changes by enough that were you to lose it all it would take an unacceptable amount of time to recover.

It's difficult to put an exact figure on that but for me I backup my system every week at least and I have two separate backup devices so that if one fails I can always go back to the previous backup.

If like me you are reliant on your data you will want to backup regularly.  I also backup project specific data to a memory stick on a daily basis. Unfortunately there are two kinds of people: those who will lose data and those who backup.

If there is little on your PC that is important to you: for example you only use it to play games and surf the Web you may be happier to back up less often.

However, while upgrading and installing are becoming less of a risk we see far too many questions here and on other support sites such as Launchpad and Ubuntu Forums where people have lost data so and I can't say this too strongly:

Backup all your data first

Also bear in mind that when windows talks about a C: drive and a D: drive there is no such concept in Linux.  Windows users often confuse drives and partitions.

If you tell the installer to use the whole drive it will.  If your windows D: drive is not a drive but a partition it will be overwritten.

It's possible to install Ubuntu along side Windows or to install Ubuntu where your old C: partition was but keep the data that was on your old D: partition but you need to read the instructions carefully.

You should be OK if you take your time and think about each question you are asked but if something goes wrong it will be a lot easier to fix if you have a backup.


Digital Ocean LAMP stack z-panel installation “cannot execute binary file” on Ubuntu 12.04

Figured it out …

The one-click LAMP install on Ubuntu 12.04 from Digital Ocean is 32-bit, not 64-bit. Downloaded and installed the Z-Panel 32-bit package no problem.


CUDA : Driver version is insufficient for CUDA runtime

You appear to be using a laptop. Usually, after the Nvidia drivers are installed, the Intel GPU is used by default to conserve power. However, you can run any program with the Nvidia GPU by running it with optirun:

optirun ./deviceQuery

or

sudo optirun ./deviceQuery

though I don't think you'd need sudo for CUDA samples

Edit: As pointed out by Pilot6, optirun is available through the bumblebee package in Ubuntu. Check the project's website for more details.


If the broken packages message popped up immediately after installation, it may be A) your disk is broken if you have installed it form DVD, or B) the downloaded image was broken. Download it again, and make a new live disk then reinstall it...

If that message popped up after updating your freshly installed system, I would recommend reinstalling, and disabling updates... (it happened to me that I installed ubuntu, installed proprietary nvidia driver, restarted and worked, and then I've done sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade, and when I restarted, the GUI broke...)


Is there a way to see a list of unreachable revisions in Bazaar?

There seems to be a solution in the bzrtools package with its "heads" subcommand.

Install package bzrtools . Then proceed to your project.
Proceed to your project and enter:

 bzr heads --dead-only

(From here)


You are a little troubled there.
I stumbled on similar issues yesterday while trying to build a system with xubuntu 13.04, on a old box. It seams that the nvidia drivers dont get along with latest kernel and/or X.org. I'm even unable to install the proprietary drivers from nvidia page (it seams to look for the sources in the wrong place, or expect an outdated files structure).

I have this one, with a GeForce4 MX 4000 working with nouveau driver, that is what installs by default. i decided to go on like this after several attempts to get some specific additional drivers working (and failing miserably). It mess up boot animation, and text console get weirdly small (it only uses like 2/3 of the actual screen), and give many glitches, but its kind of usable for me, as long as i will mainly access it remotely.

I still hope that nvidia or the people of canonical shows up with a 13.04 nvidia-96 latest-version-of-kernel-and-X compatible driver (not sure if you need those, or another, less ancient).

In order to regain access to your system, y would go apt-get remove --purge nvidia* , and try to install nouveau. I bet it will give you some desktop at least. Many users are having similar issues. You can find a lot of other suggestions out there.

Good luck!


install ubuntu16.04 LTS on armv7l processor

"Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS includes support for the very latest ARM-based server systems powered by certified 64-bit processors."

Ubuntu for ARM


nVidia GeForce 8600gt not working after installing additional driver

This is a known bug.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nvidia-graphics-drivers/+bug/661248


Windows UAC wont allow access to ubuntu folder?

Okay so all you have to do is:

sudo chown 777 [filename]

Obviously replacing [filename] with the name of the text documents


Following command helps a lot:

sudo service winbind stop

Somehow (I do not know exactly how) my samba server is missconfigured to talk to winbind even if it has a standalone server role. This seams to cause a misscommunication with winbind and NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY failure on first login.

Have fun ppl!


Stuck at boot screen: checking file system stage

If your problem is the the new drives you added, maybe you can boot into root, you can see this question How do I boot into a root shell? , edit /etc/fstab and check if there is anything wrong with the new disks.

If you don't find anything wrong, create a backup of the file (to be safe) and remove the new added disks entries, just make sure not to remove your Ubuntu partitions.

If you don't find anything wrong, try posting the contents of the file here maybe you can get some help with it.

Hope this helps


Audio only on honker after upgrade to 12.10/13.04

What you can try:

Open a new Terminal window using ctrl + alt + T

Type in alsamixer. This will open the sound Equalizer.

Now press F6 and choose your sound card.

After that your sound should work properly.


Does the order of kernel parameters matter when adding acpi_backlight=vendor?

Order doesn't matter here.

Kernel parameters are separated by spaces and that's about it. Your line will become:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pcie_aspm=force acpi_backlight=vendor"

and is equivalent to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="pcie_aspm=force quiet acpi_backlight=vendor splash"

or any other rearrangement of orders.

They're independent

Kernel parameters aren't related to each other. Specifying a parameter/value there for the PCIe subsystem are totally irrelevant for the ACPI/backlight subsystem. Just mix them up!


How to make bootable usb from part iso files?

1.First thing is merge three ISO files into one using ISO processing tools.

Go to this link for how to merge http://www.ehow.com/how_8771531_combine-multiple-iso-files-one.html

2.Then format your pen drive using NTFS format.

3.Extract the single Merged file directly to the pend-rive using power ISO.
i.e. select destination as your pend-rive while burning or extracting image file.


Problem in installing pip in Ubuntu 16.04

Try Purging and Installing pip again. i can see that the files where not downloaded from repository it is installing using the cache from the temp which is already downloaded. i am suggesting to make a clean install that might help.
first purge pip and do a autoclean and autoremove on the apt and then try installing again.


which system command should i use to get the desired output given below

Using a shell function instead of an alias is simplier I think.

Something close to what you want would be:

vk() { lastlog -u "${USER}" | awk -v ORS="" 'END{$1="";$2="";$3="";print}' ; hostname ; if [[ $# > 0 && $1 == "-p" ]] ; then ps -u; fi;}

The date and time of last login is printed instead of the time since login


Steam won't work after MATE 14.04 updates.

I reinstalled the driver because it was the most expedient way to go about it.  The name, "nvidia-346" seems to refer to the names that the repositories give to the drivers.  The repositories don't work for the latest proprietary drivers.  I'm not sure whether I could enter "NVIDIA-Linux-*-346.72.run" rather than "nvidia-346".

For future reference for anyone who happens to read this, the easiest way to install the latest driver is to download it from the Nvidia site.  From there, you hit Ctrl+Alt+F1.  Log in, then enter "sudo service lightdm stop".  Then "cd ~/Downloads" (or wherever else you put the file).  Next the commands are as follows:  "sudo chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux--(version, in my case 346.72).run && sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux--(version).run".  From there it's basically "yes, yes, yes".  The uninstall command is "sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-*-(version).run --uninstall".  It worked for me to say "yes" when it asked me to restore the previous xorg configuration and continue to uninstall normally.  Next, I entered the same install sequence of commands that I had originally entered and I was good to go.  (Apologies for my lack of knowledge of the appropriate ways to post this stuff.  This answer is by an idiot, for idiots :)  To summarize:  Do the update, uninstall the driver, then proceed with the normal installation commands for said driver.  Steam will work, everything will be updated, and life will be good. Cheers.

Edit:  For some reason, the asterisk isn't appearing in parts of my final post.  The name of the file I downloaded is "NVIDIA-Linux-(asterisk)-346.72.run".


What commands show pending/scheduled tasks in Terminal?

There is util called cron. Usually cron handle task scheduling in Linux. But there is also few another ways to do it.

In case of cron, you can just run crontab -l to see all task scheduled by current user.

If you want to check task for another user use -u $username key

TO check root user tasks: sudo crontab -u root -l

To understand crontab format please read wiki

If you want to detect exactly system shutdown

The one of possible solutions is to wrap shutdown command in a script.

Another solution is to write a trap detecting SIGTERM signal, but this solution do not give you time when system will start halting.  Read about trap here

Also there is another one tricky solution:

If you run sudo shutdown -r 20:00, you spawn a process that will start shutdown at 20:00.

You can find this process using ps

$ ps -ef | grep shutdown
root     32222 32032  0 15:55 pts/8    00:00:00 sudo shutdown -r 20:00
root     32223 32222  0 15:55 pts/8    00:00:00 shutdown -r 20:00
c0rp     32382 32233  0 15:55 pts/10   00:00:00 grep --color=auto shutdown

And you can see a time here. If you kill this process, shutdown will be canceled


How to enable network on Ubuntu? I installed Ubuntu Server without select any package

The system comes with dhclient, even if I haven't selected any package.

So to enable network run:

sudo dhclienteth0 (the name of your network card)

Then:

sudo apt update

and later:

sudo tasksel install server or just sudo tasksel and select desired packages

ps.: You can check the name of avaiable network card with ip addr command


Having trouble updating the repositories after installing docker

I edited :

/etc/apt/sources.list

using the vim editor : sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
And I put a # character at the beginning of the line that included the docker link.
# deb-src [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal stable


Connect to Ubuntu VirtualBox from Windows with SSH

You should configure network on your guest OS (Ubuntu).

For example, if your main host (Windows 10) connected to router with running DHCP server, on VirtualBox you can create Virtual adapter and configure it as Bridged Networking so that your guest can obtain an IP from your router. As a result you main host and your guest will be on the same local network. After you find out the IP the router assigned to the guest OS you will be able to connect on ssh.


How to playback TRM (US Court Audio Record) files?

It seems that this is a rather peculiar audio codec. Your best bet is to:

Use FTR Webplayer
Try to install FTR player from the same site through Wine.


If I understand you correctly, you've installed Ubuntu using wubi, and now wish to convert it into a native installation and delete Windows XP?

You would be less likely to run into trouble just by wiping the drive and installing Ubuntu normally, but if your heart is set on converting a Wubi install to a native install there are instructions available here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MigrateWubi though I've never tried them myself.


How do I report a bug in Ubuntu translation?

Here are two useful links.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Bugs/Triage#Translation_bugs_and_Launchpad_integration
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs#Filing_a_translation_bug


Why are KDE components being installed/updated on 12.04 with GNOME?

You probably installed a KDE app at some time in the past, which needed to pull in those libraries to run.

The KDE apps would be shown in either synaptic or the Software Center, and if you're not careful, you could easily install one without realizing it.

Edit: How to remove KDE components

I don't know if there is one command that will work, but according to this topic, you may be able to run sudo apt-get remove kdebase-bin.

Also, in synaptic, you can search all installed packages and filter on "KDE" to get a list of any installed packages that mention KDE, but it would need to be checked to make sure it's not just a Gnome program that says something such as "like the KDE program", for example.  But it's a graphical way to see and select installed KDE components.

There are also long commandlines that can be copied and pasted to delete everything KDE, such as the ones on this site.


For any one with this problem, an update using the ubuntu update package fixed the problem. I couldn't see anything specific to a fix in the update info but its done the trick!


How to install Python 3.6 IDLE, to work with Anaconda?

Download idlelib from cpython repo: https://minhaskamal.github.io/DownGit/#/home?url=https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.6/Lib/idlelib
Extract idlelib to site-packages of anaconda.
Create /usr/local/bin/idle with following content. (Remember to modify the first line to correct path of Anaconda python)

#!/usr/local/lib/python3.6.2/bin/python3.6

from idlelib.pyshell import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


Write bash script to perform series of commands with file

Try something like this:

#!/bin/bash

FILE_IN=$1
FILE_OUT=$2

convert -density 300 "$FILE_IN" "$FILE_OUT"
convert "$FILE_OUT" -trim "$FILE_OUT"

exit $?

If you save that file as conv and chmod +x conv you should be able to execute it as desired:

conv file_in file_out


What's the difference between the various open source ATI video drivers?

X.org has information about radeon, and gallium (i.e. r300g and r600g). They have a similar page for radeonhd but the driver is not actively developed any more.


Grub allows you to password protect its config and console, as well as individual operating system entries. Please note that this will not stop dedicated individuals, especially the ones that know what they are doing. But I assume you know that. Lets get started.

generate a password hash..

You could store your grub password in plain text but that is entirely insecure and anyone that had access to your account could quickly figure it out. To prevent this we hash the password using the grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 command, like so:

user@host~ % grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2
Enter password:
Reenter password:
PBKDF2 hash of your password is grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.63553D205CF6E...

While you type your password no characters will show in the terminal, this is to prevent people looking over your shoulders, etc. Now, copy the entirety of your hash with Ctrl+Shift+C.

protecting the config, console..

Run:

sudo nano /etc/grub.d/40_custom

This will create a new configuration file called 40_custom in grub's configuration directory. Now add the lines:

set superusers="username"
password_pbkdf2 username hash

Where username is a username of your choice and hash is the hash we generated in the last command. Press Ctrl+O and then Ctrl+X to save and quit. Run:

sudo update-grub

To finalize the changes. Now, when anyone attempts to edit the grub configuration or access a grub console it will prompt them for a username and password.

password protecting operating system entries..

Currently the only method to achieve this I can find is to edit the /boot/grub/grub.cfg manually. This is only temporary however as any new kernel update will rewrite this file and your passwords will be gone (note that this doesn't effect the console/editing password we set above). All other methods I have found so far are extremely out of date and I can no longer get them to work.

I've asked the grub mailing list if there is a newer method and will edit this answer as soon as I find out.


Installation problem concerning "ubi-partman"

Which way did you use to install it on your machine ? Via CD or a flash drive

Are you sure sure the downloaded (ISO) file has not been corrupted ?
Try to you check the MD5 sum of the ISOs if you can.

Try to redo the installation.

if that occurs again, do this :
   1. Start the desktop cd
   2. Choose "Try without installing"
   3. From the live environment, start the installation

These are some threads that might help you :
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1766773
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubiquity/+bug/527848


You should follow this bug report:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntuone-client/+bug/991250

In the list of the duplicates you can read one of them that is mine. In fact there is a problem with the overwhelming net's traffic in these days. Be patient.


Old ASUS eee cannot get past GRUB RESCUE>

MY BAD
This problem can be closed (or solved)
Embarrassed to say that the problem was in the BIOS, not the GRUB!
In addition to the usual boot priority list menu (hard-disk, USB, CDROM, etc), there was another list item that asked whether to choose an internal disk or a USB device as a hard disk!
Of course it was set to internal disk, not the USB.
Once fixed, the system booted from, and installed my Lubuntu ISO USB easily.
In the meantime, I have become somewhat of an expert on "Grub Rescue>" commands!


They would have to be able to reverse a SHA512 hash in order to make use of the key signature. That isn't currently possible so you should be fine.

I hope the script, containing the key, will not be stored on the same device that you're using eCryptfs on. If an attacker gains possession of that script, they will have everything they need to decrypt your files.


Lubuntu 14.04 desktop will not load after automatic update

I'm not familiar with Lubuntu, but I assume it has a Unity desktop shell.

When booted without Unity, press Ctrl+Alt+F2 and login.

Then type in the following commands then hit Enter after each.

      `sudo apt-get install dconf-tools`

      `dconf reset -f /org/compiz/`

      `setsid unity`

      `unity --reset-icons`

Did it work?


Torrents blocked by ISP in Ubuntu but on Windows works fine

Setting up P2P systems like bittorrent is a PITA and problems seem to recur even after things start working (especially with port forwarding).

Anything is possible, but it is very unlikely that your ISP even looks at your OS in this situation.

The usual problem is port forwarding. Bittorrent uses a port for incoming requests from other peers. Usually, this port will be closed by default in both your router/gateway and in your firewall on your computer. Opening the port will radically improve upload and download speeds for most torrents.

But, it should still work (slower) with it closed. So, until it does, there's no point in trying to fix the ports.

Here's what I would try:

Download (from your web browser) a torrent for a recent Linux distro like Ubuntu 16.04. Torrents like this usually have a huge number of seeders available from the Peer Exchange, DHT, and from the trackers, so you can get plenty of peers without them being able to find you via your port (which may be closed).

Start Transmission and add just this torrent to it (just to keep things simple) and start the torrent.

In Transmission, select Edit->Settings->Privacy and make sure the boxes for Use PEX and Use DHT are both checked (selected). These are the other 2 ways your client can find peers which may not be known by the tracker.

Once you have done this, this particular torrent should download/upload quickly. If it doesn't, then something really strange is going on.

Usually, the next place to start looking for issues would be in your gateway/router, but since it is letting bittorrent traffic through in Windows, there's probably nothing wrong there or at your ISP.

When you're done testing, you can delete the torrent from within Transmission to get your disk space back, but keep the original torrent file for use in future testing.

Once it works this much, we can get back to things like port forwarding to improve performance - especially on torrents with very few seeders from the trackers.

You can start with the guide they provide.

For future questions/posts like this, you should include information on your setup such as your OS/version, application (transmission) version, ... Each system is setup a bit differently than everyone else's and some problems have known solutions which have been fixed by newer versions of things.


Nasal demons.1
man ps says (emphasis mine):
comm       COMMAND   command name (only the executable name).
                     Modifications to the command name will not be
                     shown.  A process marked  is partly
                     dead, waiting to be fully destroyed by its
                     parent.  The output in this column may contain
                     spaces.  (alias ucmd, ucomm).  See also the args
                     format keyword, the -f option, and the c option.
                     When specified last, this column will extend to
                     the edge of the display.  If ps can not determine
                     display width, as when output is redirected
                     (piped) into a file or another command, the
                     output width is undefined (it may be 80,
                     unlimited, determined by the TERM variable, and
                     so on).  The COLUMNS environment variable or
                     --cols option may be used to exactly determine
                     the width in this case.  The w or -w option may
                     be also be used to adjust width.

Indeed, setting the COLUMNS variable manually helps:
watch "ps aux | grep 'ps aux'"

COLUMNS=2000 watch "ps aux | grep 'ps aux'"

1Even though we're not talking about a C compiler...


Different wallpapers on monitors in Twinview with Wallch

At the time of writing, no, there isn't. Whether or not you're using Twinview doesn't come into it.


Run fsck /dev/sdf5 to check the file system for errors.

This can preferably be done from Clonezilla, as the filesystem is unmounted when booted in clonezilla.


Calc shows title bar only when opening CSV (in Compiz)

I had the same issue with Ubuntu 16.04 + Gnome Flashback + Compiz. I "solved" it by downgrading to LibreOffice 6.1.5, available in this PPA: https://launchpad.net/~libreoffice/+archive/ubuntu/libreoffice-6-1 or in LibreOffice's website.


Try:
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update

If that does not work try this.


What is being used in the video is a program called Conky. It displays system information on the desktop. It is available in the Ubuntu Software Center, search for "conky".

The default theme isn't nearly as pretty as the one that guys is using in the video. You have to edit a config file to change the appearance of the Conky widget. There are many configurations out there that you can copy paste into the config file and try out.

Some general help with using Conky can be found here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SettingUpConky


Just get Windows Vista DVD.
Boot into Disk (Check mobo documentation for booting into dvd).
Follow on screen instructions provided by Windows Vista installation interface.
When comes to partitioning Hard Disk - Delete all partitions and install a fresh copy of windows.


I want to create a shell script wherein each project has set of instructions

Try a structure like below to process on a variable depending on what is set, it is called a case statement. I use this to correct to the aspect ratio needed in video files, I show you the 4:3 section of it.
# File processing according to extension found
        case $EXTENSION in

            mkv)

                # Use ffmpeg to correct aspect ratio
                ~/Bin/ffmpeg -i "$i" -vcodec copy -acodec copy -aspect 4:3  "newfiles/$NAME.mkv"

                # Use mkvmerge to get rid of many English ffmpeg leaves in the Metadata
                ~/Bin/mkvmerge --no-subtitles "newfiles/$NAME.mkv" -o "newfiles/$NAME"

                # remove no longer needed newly created by ffmpeg file
                rm "newfiles/$NAME.mkv"

                # Delete title (movie name) if any
                ~/Bin/mkvpropedit "newfiles/$NAME" -d title
            ;;

            m4v)

                # Use ffmpeg to correct aspect ratio
                ~/Bin/ffmpeg -i "$i" -vcodec copy -acodec copy -aspect 4:3  "newfiles/$NAME"
            ;;

            mp4)

                # Use ffmpeg to correct aspect ratio
                ~/Bin/ffmpeg -i "$i" -vcodec copy -acodec copy -aspect 4:3  "newfiles/$NAME"
            ;;

            avi)

                # Use ffmpeg to correct aspect ratio
                ~/Bin/ffmpeg -i "$i" -vcodec copy -acodec copy -aspect 4:3  "newfiles/$NAME"
            ;;

            # no mkv, mp4, avi or m4v file found
            *) echo "$NAME is not a media file."

        esac


Rename all .txt files inside subfolders with "find"

You need to use find's -exec syntax correctly, using '{}' to represent the found files

find ./ -type d -name '*.txt' -execdir rename -n 's/\.txt//g' '{}' \;

Remove -n after rename once you've tested it.

(assuming you really did want to change directory names and not regular file names - if that was the case, use -type f instead of type -d)


Are the juju charms OS version (i.e 12.04) specific?

Technically yes, there are different versions of charms for different versions of Ubuntu. Charm authors usually write charms for the current LTS (currently 12.04, soon to be 14.04) .However in practice I've found that a number of charms can be deployed to multiple series's without issue. You will have to take it on a case by case basis.

http://manage.jujucharms.com/charms

Note the Series column.


Presario v2136 AP: Which Ubuntu OS Version?

I'd suggest the lightest version, Lubuntu.

12.04 because there is no big difference in performance between 10.04 and recent versions but you'll getting a lot of great things with latest software and kernel version.

At first I also suggested Xubuntu but then I saw this comparison, according to it Lubuntu will work better on laptop with such amount of RAM.


Are you using Unity? My guess is you are (as that's the default one) and it is simple to access your programs. Click on the Ubuntu Button (Home Button or BFB, "Big Freakin' Button") and then type in Kile in the search box. It should show up and you can start it.
Note:
This will only work if you have installed Kile (logically). If you haven't, you can download/install it from the Ubuntu Software Center.


How to remove the black bars with Openshot

If you're talking about the preview, then the black bars will only show up there. Black bars are ONLY added when viewing a video at the wrong resolution, to fill space. You will need to look at your original aspect ratio, and export it at that ratio ONLY.

EDIT: It looks like you need to crop the video:
Right click on the clip in the bottom bar, and select "properties." Select the "Layout" tab and edit the Height and Width values. Then, move the video around with x and y. Do not touch Alpha. Press the green play button to preview your clip. You want to increase the zoom, and move the video around until the black bars no longer appear...HOWEVER, on the small preview, there will be bars on the top and bottom that will not appear in post. Hope this helped.


Try to:

Restore default settings

Execute the following commands in terminal, one at time.

gconftool --shutdown
sudo killall -r -I gconf
sudo killall -r -I dconf
rm -rf .compiz* .gconf* .config/dconf/ .config/compiz*

Be aware that above commands will remove any settings or configuration you've done already. Keyboard layouts (if any) will also be removed. Although above commands will not delete any files, they will restore Unity settings as were, when you installed Ubuntu for the first time.

Reboot your system for changes to take effect.


Just:

Boot from the hard drive
Insert the stick
Execute the following command:

sudo mount -o loop /media/szUserName/szMountPoint/casper-rw /mnt

where your replace szUsername by your user name and szMountPoint by the mount point created by your USB installation.
Copy the files you need from /mnt...

instead of booting from the stick...  (Looks like the stick has a problem, so do this as quickly as possible before it goes down the drain...)


how to create 3 finger and 4 finger click shortcut in ubuntu 20.04

Try fusuma-plugin-tap.
https://github.com/iberianpig/fusuma-plugin-tap
This plugin adds  3/ 4 finger tap and hold gestures.


Press Ctrl+Alt+F3 and login into the shell using your username and your password. In this case username will be your username you set when you installed Ubuntu.
Now run ls -lah and look for the output line that ends with .Xauthority
-rw-------  1 root root   53 Nov 29 10:19 .Xauthority

then you need to do chown username:username .Xauthority and try logging in.
Else, do ls -ld /tmp. Check for the first 10 letters in the left: they should read exactly so: drwxrwxrwt.
drwxrwxrwt 15 root root 4096 Nov 30 04:17 /tmp

Else, you need to do sudo chmod a+wt /tmp and check again.
If not both, I'd recommend you either

Make sure you are connected to internet with DHCP on.

sudo apt-get purge lightdm
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lightdm
dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

Now type sudo shutdown -r now to restart.


Do higher level scripting languages use shell scripts to work?

There is no relation at all between "echo" in bash and "echo" in PHP. They just happen to share the same keyword for the same action, they do not depend on each other. Often times the design of some languages influences another languages, and those that design new languages features often took inluence from existing languages. These are why many languages uses $prefix for variables, why some keywords are commonly seen across languages, and why many languages uses curly braces for block separation. While they may copy the syntax or the general design of the feature, they are usually independently implemented.

  Do scripting languages like Javascript and PHP use shell scripts to work?
  Do PHP and Javascript interpreters in any way dependent on shell scripts?

No they don't use shell scripts to work. Both the shell and these languages depends on the operating system's stream writing interface. Say in Linux, if you want to print to stdout, you need to do a write() system call to the kernel by causing a software interrupt with the syscall id for the write() syscall, the pointer to the data that you want to write, and the file number for stdout which is 1. Whether you use the shell, an interpreted language, or a compiled language, they all will have to, call the write() syscall to write to the stdout. Some languages may only allow you to write regular string, others might provide basic formatting features, but all of these will end up with a write() syscall.


How to fix the sound in Skype after starting TeamSpeak 3?

I have the same problem with SkyPE on ubuntu 12.10 on my ThinkCentre Edge 72z. It is an AIO which has mic, speaker, and camera build-in.

I may use the pre-installed recording program to record my sound. Playback is okay, too. But when I test with SkyPE, only the speaker works. It doesn't record my sound.

After I change the mic in options from default to "Integrated Camera, USB Audio (h2:1,0)",  it works correctly. I may heard my sound from mic.

Wish it help!


Rescheduling Backups: Is there a way to do it?

You could use scheduled taskstool (from the software center) to create a cron job to run  rsync to copy whatever you want to wherever you want it at whatever time you want it copied. Since rsync only copies new or changed files, you could have it run every day and never notice it. The command could be as simple as

 rsync -a --delete ~/ /backup-drive/daily.backup

Here's a nice tutorial.


Deleting empty lines in LibreOffice Calc

I assume you want to remove multiple empty lines in one step if possible. To remove a single line, there's a context menu entry.

There are two possible approaches to remove multiple lines without much hassle:

as proposed in this answer: sort the lines alphabetically so the empty lines get sorted to the start or end, then delete them.
as proposed in this blog post: use filtering to get only the blank lines displayed, then select and delete them, then remove the filter.

EDIT:

To remove hard line breaks inside cells automatically, you could use the search / replace functionality and regular expressions. Just search for \n and let the replace box empty. Don't forget to activate "Regular expressions" under More Options.... You won't see a result immediately, since Calc doesn't change the row height automatically. So you will have to set the row height using Optimal row height... in the context menu after removing the line breaks.

EDIT 2:

It may be possible that there aren't any empty lines in the cells, so the search/replace operation may fail. This is because LibreOffice automatically applies styles from the original html tables when pasting data from the web. To make sure that it isn't just a row format issue, just select the complete sheet and select Optimal height... from Menu Format -> Row.


Configuring wacom tablet on Ubuntu 12.10 by installing missing dependencies

You need a lot of -dev packages to compile this. Try the following:

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-dev libxext-dev libxinerama-dev libxrandr-dev libxi-dev libudev-dev


Why is the default delay for the static application switcher pop up set to 0.2s?

When quickly switching between two applications, you don't necessarily want to see a popup. That is what the 0.2s is for.  You can decrease the actual window switch delay by changing the speed from 4 to ~1. This is probably the setting you are looking for - I don't see any reason for delaying the pop-up.


Unity Greeter starts with a black output Screen

I don't know what caused the problem or exactly what was going wrong but I was able to solve the problem by purging and installing lightdm

sudo apt-get purge lightdm && apt-get install lightdm


User limit of inotify watches reached on Ubuntu 16.04

The current default on Xenial is 8192 (see fs/notify/inotify/inotify_user.c in the kernel source), you can verify this by printing the file to stdout:

cat /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches
8192

You can bump the number up, for example, doubling this to 16384, using:

echo 16384 | sudo tee /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches

bear in mind that inotify watches do consume memory, I think it's around 160 bytes per watch on 64 bit systems.

To set this permanently, add an entry to /etc/sysctl.conf, for example:

echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=16384 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
sudo sysctl -p

..or manually edit /etc/sysctl.conf (you need root privileges to update it) and then run sudo sysctl -p


Did I (functionally) brick my Ubuntu touch phone? (BQ Aquaris E4.5)

Here's how I managed to solve the issue:

Boot into recovery
wipe cache (don't know if that is necessary, but won't hurt either)
factory reset (the factory reset option in systems setting does not work in this context)
flash ubuntu using ubuntu-device-flash from a dedicated ubuntu machine (not in a VM)
reboot

The first boot will take a few minutes, and you will see a progress bar (not the 5 dots). Then all is good :)


A quick format establishes the format of your filesystem which involves writing small structures to certain specific locations on the drive, but it does not write to the rest of the drive at all.  This usually only takes a matter of seconds or about a minute, depending on the filesystem type.

A full format does this but also wipes the rest of the drive.  The speed of this can depend on the drive, and may take hours because it needs to, at least, write the full drive's capacity to the drive.  In worst case, say it's a 3TB drive over USB 2.0, a full format would take around 20 hours.  A fast internal 3TB drive may take less than 10 hours.

New hard drives come with their entire surface ready-to-use and there is no longer any way to alter it this at a low level or to initialize it in any way. A full format is of doubtful benefit at any time: you may do one if you suspect problems with the drive surface (in which case a full format may detect some kinds of error) but even then there are better testing tools. A full format will wipe any deleted but recoverable data remaining on the drive but again if secure erase is your goal there are better tools for this.

If you want your format to take only a matter of seconds, choose a quick format.

Note: it's safe to interrupt a regular full format before it's finished and switch to a quick format.


Error mounting /dev/sdc1 at ..... Wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error

There is no reason to try and mount the partitions on the Rescuezilla live USB stick that you have just created.
Assuming balenaEtcher validated the flashed USB stick without any errors you can simply reboot your computer and boot from. You may need to press F8, F12 or a similar button  to enter the USB boot menu.
Indeed, as I wrote on the Rescuezilla support forum:

Of the 3 partitions exposed in the GPT partition table, only the EFI System Partition appears to be correctly exposed. I'm not sure why that is, but it definitely does not matter: the ESP is all that matters during EFI boot. Regardless of this, the Rescuezilla roadmap calls for getting rid of ISO9660 and move to partitioning structure with persistence (task #8), so there's no point trying to expose the other two partitions on GPT.

It is strange that your operating system is trying to access the /dev/sdc1 partition. Regardless, your Rescuezilla USB stick created by balenaEtcher is ready to boot from.
Let me know in a comment below if you have any issues.


Can I install Ubuntu 18.04 64 bit on Intel64 (IA-64)

According to the official Intel Atom Processor N550 (1M Cache, 1.50 GHz Product Specifications- Intel ARK webpage, the Intel Atom N550 has a 64-bit instruction set, so the Ubuntu 18.04 amd64 .iso file is compatible with this processor. Ubuntu 18.04 does not have a 32-bit .iso file, so the Ubuntu 18.04 amd64 .iso file is the correct .iso file to install.

In general i386 in a file name means that it is is compatible with Intel 32-bit processors and amd64 is compatible with both Intel 64-bit processors and AMD 64-bit processors. As far as 32-bit vs. 64-bit operating systems are concerned i386 packages are compatible with 32-bit operating systems and amd64 packages are compatible with 64-bit operating systems.


The first (and often only) step required is to import the pool associated with the disk.

zpool import with no other arguments scans all the devices (whole disks and partitions) to identify ZFS pools.

FreeBSD is using its own kind of partitions inside the fdisk primary partitions (similar but different than logical partitions in an extended one).
Your Linux kernel might not detect them for some reason, have a look to the system log messages:

dmesg | egrep "\<sd[a-g]|SPL|ZFS"

There might also be issues with missing feature flags support on the target machine. That would make the pool not importable.


You need to install your .crt file in /usr/local/share/ca-certificates.
Please refer to man update-ca-certificatesfor detailed information.


Use a newer ZTE modem with usb-modeswitch

So how to switch the modem,

For this model, you can just eject the fake cdrom drive and the modem switches by itself.

For a terminal/script use:

if you can find another configuration file that is similar to this modem, copy that to somewhere convenient, and then edit so that it reflects the device and vendor ids for this modem. then try switching using

usb_modeswitch -c "path to config file"

With this model, the settings for the vodafone K380* modems works. The settings are in the files 19d2:1013 or 19d2:0013 in the /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/ folder for ubuntu lucid.
So just get those files, update with the details you find from lsusb for this modem and then you should be ok!


How do I remove Lubuntu and Keep my files?

If I understood correctly, you have originally installed Lubuntu and installed Xubuntu in addition, so you now have both of them installed and can choose one from them at the login screen. If you want to get rid off Lubuntu, apt-get remove lubuntu-desktop should be enough.


Problems with conjure-up openstack to Esxi 6.7 hosts, neutron-api is not deploying to LXD

I fixed the problem and I want to share the solution in case somebody else need it.
What I did was to try to configure a Neutron network manually in a LXD container to try to figure out where was the problem.
The first thing that you need. Is to have is a bridge in Your host to provide networking to your LXD VMs.
But if You do not have "Promiscuous mode" Enabled on your VMware Vswitch then Your bridge is not going to work and you will loose all network connectivity on your host.
So Always enable Promiscuous mode when you are creating Bridges in your Virtual MAchines.
After enabling "Promiscuous mode" all my problems went away.
Cheers.


Unmount is greyed out because the partition isn't there to be unmounted. You haven't mounted it yet.

To make the partition auto-mount, first find out the UUID of /dev/sda3 by doing:

sudo blkid

I'll assume you're using ext4 on /dev/sda3. Open up gedit like so:

sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab

(Or, in the command line, sudo vim or sudo nano instead of gksudo gedit.)

Now you want to add a line to the bottom of that file. It should look something like this (UUID will be different):

UUID=03ec5dd3-45c0-4f95-a363-61ff321a09ff /media/works ext4 defaults  0      2

For more info on fstab, this is a good resource.