ubuntu install "sogou pinyin" doesn't work

Sogoupinyin is a Chinese input method very popular in China. The linux version of the software is available here: http://pinyin.sogou.com/linux/ .

If you have been messing with your Ubuntu you may want to follow the installation instructions outlined in another thread
on askubuntu.com.

This worked for me on a clean Ubuntu install:

Install fcitx.
Fcitx is an input method framework. Linux' sogoupinyin is based on fcitx, so we have to make sure it is installed. You can do so by firing up a terminal with SHIFT + ALT + T and typing:

  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install fcitx

This should run on its own. After installation is complete, your system uses fcitx as input method. To check if it does, go to language support and check the entry Keyboard input method system. It should now say fcitx.
Install Sogoupinyin.
Then run the installer file sogoupinyin_xxxxx.deb that you have downloaded from the Sogou website. It will open the Software Center of your Ubuntu installation and ask for your root password.
Restart your machine.
You are good to go. After the restart the fcitx-autostart should be called upon login. Alternatively, simply run fcitx-autostart from the terminal with the same effect, but give it a second or two for the startup. You will then be able to configure sogoupinyin in a way similar to the Windows or Mac versions of the software.

Hope it helps.


Have to run dropbox with `~/.dropbox-dist/dropboxd`, why not just dropbox?

The package manager (apt) failed to install nautilus-dropbox because it depend on package dropbox, the main software, but didn't find it in the package list. Note that  nautilus-dropbox is just a nautilus extension. Usually 3rd party softwares are not included into software sources of an OS due to security reason. In that case we need to manually add it to software sources. PPA are commenly used for this. After successfully updating the sources we can install software without problem using the following command.  sudo apt-get install nautilus-dropbox.  AFAIK there is no PPA for it. They have an online installer package which can be downloadable From here. After completing the installation you can use the earlier command to install nautilus-dropbox.
In your case dropbox is not installed to the system. It's a  kind of copying, as we use a portable software. So the system is unaware of the program. If you want to launch it with a single command run the following command.
    sudo ln -s /home/$USER/.dropbox-dist/dropboxd  /usr/bin/dropboxd


See 10.1. Manipulating Strings-TLDP.org for a thorough discussion of bash string manipulation. This unix se answer has the essential part of the answer. Just change "txt" to $ext and "text" to $next. The resulting script could look like.

#!/bin/bash
read -p "type the path for folder " folder
read -p "type the extension of files to be renamed " ext
read -p "type the extension you want to add " next
# TODO add sanity checks for the user supplied input
cd $folder
# rename
#rename "s/.$ext$/.$next/" *.$ext
# mv in a loop
for f in *.$ext; do
# the '--' marks the end of command options so that files starting with '-' wont cause problems.
# Replaces the first match for '.$ext' with '.$next'.
#mv -- "$f" "${f/$ext/$next}"
# Replaces the any match for '.$ext' with '.$next'.
#mv -- "$f" "${f//$ext/$next}"
# Replaces front-end match of for '$ext' with '$next'
#mv -- "$f" "${f/#$ext/$next}"
# Replaces back-end match of for '$ext' with '$next'
mv -- "$f" "${f/%$ext/$next}"
done

This question has many approaches that don't necessarily need a loop. I would favor rename, see the commented lines in the above script.


Where is the system menu for Desktop Ver 20.04.1

I also have the same problem. The system menu exists in the older version of Ubuntu, but I guess you want to install the Wi-Fi driver. If your Wi-Fi router is RTL or something similar, you can search your Wi-Fi name using this:
lspci -knn | grep Net -A2

I was able to solve this problem as follows:

Buy a new (inexpensive) Wi-Fi adapter.
Install an older version of Ubuntu, and before installation you can check if your Wi-Fi is safely connected or not. You can find the older version of Ubuntu in this link: http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/

When I tried to troubleshoot this issue, I tried to install the Wi-Fi driver but it failed. Then I tried Ubuntu 19.10 and it was fine for me.
This problem originally happened about 8 months ago. Today I re-installed Ubuntu 20.04.01 and now there are no Wi-Fi problems.


Please  check the link and install boot repair

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


How to correctly upgrade all python modules to newest stable versions with pip or pip3?

This Could work for older versions of pip:

pip freeze --local | grep -v '^\-e' | cut -d = -f 1  | xargs -n1 pip install -U


ALPS Touchpad speed adjustment with synaptics driver

First check what touchpad device you have and what's its id:

$ xinput list
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Logitech USB Optical Mouse                id=9    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ AlpsPS/2 ALPS DualPoint TouchPad          id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ DualPoint Stick                           id=12   [slave  pointer  (2)]

Then copy name of touchpad and see what options does it have and what are the defaults:

xinput list-props "AlpsPS/2 ALPS DualPoint TouchPad"

My ALPS touchpad have Device Accel Constant Deceleration option with default value of 2.5. To increase cursor speed you need no decrease deceleration value (min value is 1). Do it like this:

xinput set-prop "AlpsPS/2 ALPS DualPoint TouchPad" "Device Accel Constant Deceleration" 1


Execute sudo Bash script as another user while being root

This is expected, that $(whoami) will return "root", since it's running as root due to the second sudo.

Also, $USER will return "root" because sudo always sets that variable to the target user (which, again, is root on the second sudo.)

If you're interested in knowing which user invoked sudo, which would be "me" on the case of the second sudo, then look at the $SUDO_USER variable, which sudo sets to the user who invoked it.

See SUDO_USER and USER in the "Environment" section of the sudo man page.


You need to install video drivers. Connect to internet by cable and run in console

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352 nvidia-prime
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo reboot

Be very careful with the commands.


I can change the password of one user from other user in ubuntu

If you are a sudo user, it's normal that you should be able to change other users' passwords.


You need to create /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf and add something like:

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://...:port/";

Acquire::https::Proxy "http://...:port/";


To be able to write to a partition, you need to have the proper permissions. Therefore, either

Change the owner of the mount point of that partition (/media/data) to your own user.

or

Set permissions for others to "Read, Write and Execute". This is a less secure option because then, any user, including users that log in over the network, can do anything on that partition.

Of course, you need to have administrator rights ("root") to change permissions.

You indicate that you want to share that partition with Windows. You should realize that Windows does not natively support the ext4 file system, so it will not be accessible from within Windows. The file system of Windows, ntfs, is preferred because Ubuntu supports it.


How can I have only two specific keyboard layouts in my system without 'us'?

You are probably experiencing bug #688936. It hasn't been fixed yet, but you could try the workaround in comment #5:

  I've finally found a solution for this:

  Log out.
  Click on your account, but don't enter the password yet.
  A small bar with several drop-down lists appears on the very bottom of the login screen. You probably never noticed it before - I for sure didn't ;)
  Select the correct keyboard layout in the second-from-left drop-down list.
  Login.

  Fixed :)


Ubuntu Upgrade from 11.04 to 12.04 on Mulitple PCs

Simple: Create a 12.04 CD or USB- Stick, boot it up and choose the upgrade option when asked.

You will not loose any settings and/or data this way.

EDIT:
It seems I didn't do my homework properly, I'm sorry. You will have to do the whole procedure twice, first by upgrading to 11.10, and then to 12.04. I wish there was a better solution (besides a fresh install), however I don't know of any.


"Upgrade to 12.04" greyed out as option on 12.04 Disc

You really would do well to boot into the 'Try Ubuntu' option before attempting either to install or upgrade.  Also please note that however you choose to upgrade, the process is not always data safe, so please back up.  When you eventually choose the 'install' option after trying 12.04 and backing up everything, there may be an option to retain your data.


X Error of failed request: GLXBadRenderRequest

My solution:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-video-intel libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg


PhpMyAdmin shows warning: PHP MySQL library version 5.0.51a differs from your MySQL server version 5.5.24

The thing is, the PHP team need to launch an update to the libmysql file, this way, you can use a newer version of the Database.

If you want to update the PHP installation, just update the file libmysql to the version you want (if there is any available yet).

Try executing these commands:

apt-get update
apt-get install php5-mysql
apt-get install php5-mysqli

Here is the official installation guide.


Why would a suspend issue exist on an installed OS but not its Live Disk?

Looking Into your dmesg | grep -i acpi output I can see what suggests that this is an ACPI issue. In particular, this:
[    1.045638] acpi PNP0C14:02: duplicate WMI GUID 05901221-D566-11D1-B2F0-00A0C9062910 (first instance was on PNP0C14:01)
[    1.045676] acpi PNP0C14:03: duplicate WMI GUID 05901221-D566-11D1-B2F0-00A0C9062910 (first instance was on PNP0C14:01)

WMI:
Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) is a complex set of
proprietary extensions to the Windows Driver Model that provides an OS
interface to allow instrumented components to provide information and
notifications.

This actually means that your machine was originally manufactured for Windows OS and although Ubuntu and other Linux distributions will mimic the Windows OS calls to the BIOS using different mechanisms amoung which WMI, there are times when this transaction is unsuccessful on ether ends and such issues happen.
The issues caused by this can range from just suspend issues to WiFi, Ethernet, battery, hard drives, SSDs and others.
Some of these issues appear with certain Linux kernels and disappear with others. They might differ but, are unlikely to disappear completely until the communication between system BIOS and the kernel is fixed. The ideal fix is a BIOS update from the manufacturer that addresses this issue.
What you can do besides that is to experiment with the hardware ie. the SSD and change the graphics drivers to open source or proprietary until the machine is stable. Also Upgrade to the next release of Ubuntu that comes next month as it might provide better support for your machines BIOS.


If MySQL database is not required in your setup you can disable it permanently with:

sudo systemctl disable mysql

But if you wish to remove it (keep in mind that your MySQL databases will be deleted), then first you should check what version of MySQL is installed:

dpkg -l | grep -E "^ii.*(mysql|mariadb)-server"

Then remove these packages with:

sudo apt remove mariadb-server*

or

sudo apt remove mysql-server*

depending on what version you have.


Okay, I figured it out.

The thing causing problems is the implicit declaration of the function vmalloc() throughout the various files of the driver's source.

I added #include <linux/vmalloc.h> to the relevant files, which are rtsx.c, rtsx_chip.c, rtsx_scsi.c and ms.c.

I still got a lot of warnings and notes when running make, but was able to compile and install the driver, and the SD cards work now!


Found the problem:
htpasswd uses -m (encrypting password with Apache's modified version of MD5)
but Squid's (Squid 3.1.20 on Ubuntu 13.04 repository) ncsa_auth uses system's crypt function (unistd.h or crypt.h) to check password (if there be any crypt() - I didn't check other scenarios)
So if we run /usr/lib/squid3/ncsa_auth /etc/squid3/users and check user/password manually we will get:

~$ /usr/lib/squid3/ncsa_auth /etc/squid3/users
user pass
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

Solution:
for creating password file -d switch should be used:

htpasswd -d /etc/squid3/users myusername

(using -d tells htpasswd to use system's crypt function)

Good Luck


Interactive shell script autostart on custom Xubuntu live CD/USB

Thanks to sixsixfive (https://forum.xfce.org/viewtopic.php?id=10029), I tried to create desktop file before xfce session starts (I did not know that 'on the fly' home directory of xubuntu user already exists at that point). So, if I add this to /etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc file, just before "xfce4-session" command, it works.

mkdir -p /home/xubuntu/.config/autostart
cat > /home/xubuntu/.config/autostart/terminal.desktop <<MYEOF
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Terminal autoarranque
Exec=xfce4-terminal -e /usr/bin/myscriptfolder/myscript.sh
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
MYEOF
sudo chmod 777 /home/xubuntu/.config/autostart/terminal.desktop


Problem to set two network interface on a virtual ubuntu 14.04 server

Ops, I'm so inattentive....this has been the error

auto eth1
iface eth0 inet static

I wrong the iface


Ubuntu 16.04: suddenly very slow opening folders and files

Looks like your RAID is resyncing. Given the size of your hard drive, it may take quite a long time.


I also had an empty steam.sh. To solve it I did the following:

Delete /home/user/.local/share/Steam/steam.sh
Run /usr/bin/steam
Maybe you'll need to install some missing library (in my case I did, but can't remember which one - terminal window closed too soon. Sorry.)
Missing content (steam.sh) will be downloaded again.


I got the start menu to launch again by right-clicking on the desktop and then going to Add Panel > Default Panel.

Then, I modified that "default panel" to be like the custom (non-default) panel I created. After that, I deleted the custom panel and placed the modified default panel where the custom one was. After this, the super key began toggling the menu again.

The original reason I deleted the default panel, is because it kept some launchers separate from running tasks (showing redundant icons). Now, I realize that this unwanted behavior can be change by right-clicking on the default panel, then: Edit Panel > Hover over Task Manager Widget > Show Alternatives > select Icons-Only Task Manager.

Anyway, I'm just reporting back here in case someone else has the same oversights I did.


KDE start Thunderbird on specific Dekstop at startup

Right click on titlebar ot ThunderBird, click More Actions -> Special Application Settings -> Size & Position.  Check the box to the left of Desktop, select 'Apply Initially' or 'Force' (depending on whether you might move it later) in the first dropdown, then the desktop you want in the second dropdown.


The Java runtime has no graphical frontend.

Show the java version with:

java -version

or run a jar file (java archive)

java -jar <your_jar_file>

For OpenJDK7, a desktop file doesn't exist by default.

To start a java application (jar), via double-click or context menu in your file manager, you could create a desktop file for OpenJDK7:

Create a new file in ~/.local/share/applications/

nano ~/.local/share/applications/openjdk7.desktop

Add the lines below:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Open JDK 7 Runtime
Comment=Open JDK 7 Runtime
Exec=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java -jar %f
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=java
MimeType=application/x-java-archive;application/java-archive;application/x-jar;
NoDisplay=true

Replace the line:

Exec=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java -jar %f

with the location of your java installation. You can check the installed JREs with:

update-alternatives --display java

Sample output:

java - auto mode
  link currently points to /usr/lib/jvm/java-9-oracle/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java - priority 1071
  slave java.1.gz: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1/java.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java - priority 1081
  slave java.1.gz: /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1/java.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin/java - priority 1083
  slave java.1.gz: /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/man/man1/java.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-9-oracle/bin/java - priority 1084
Current 'best' version is '/usr/lib/jvm/java-9-oracle/bin/java'.

Policy tool

The last security-related tool that comes with the Java platform is policytool. This tool allows you to manage entries in a java.policy file. Unlike the other tools we've discussed, policytool is a graphical tool. As such, it has no command-line options or arguments.

When you first start policytool, you see a blank window with two pull-down menus: File and Edit. Initially, there are no policy entries loaded into this tool; if you want to work on an existing policy file, the first thing you must do is choose the Open command from the File menu. Otherwise, you can add new entries and create a new file containing those entries. Whichever method you choose, keep in mind that policytool is designed to operate on a single policy file.

When you've completed editing the entries for a policy file, you can save your changes. Under the File menu, you can use the Save or Save As command to overwrite the file you loaded or to save your changes to a new file.

Source


The duplicate answer provides two solutions: reduce Screen brightness in battery mode automatically

But for me in this case the solution was somewhat simpler: I just set the brightness to 50% on each system start in the startup programs (gnome-session-properties) with the command:

xbacklight -set 50%

Info: It doesn't work to call xbacklight in rc.local, see set the screen brightness on startup

Because rc.local is not running in an X environment.


I was able to install it using this page steps: https://gist.github.com/levsthings/0a49bfe20b25eeadd61ff0e204f50088

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88

sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu zesty stable"

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce


How can I add multiple languages in Ubuntu GNOME 16.04?

Actually, Region & Language in Ubuntu GNOME does basically the same as Language Support (language-selector-gnome) when it comes to adding languages, even if the UIs differ. However, you are right about Kannada - for some (to me unknown) reason it's available as a language in Language Support, but not in Region & Language.

When you add a language, some language support is installed besides the translations, including extra fonts if applicable. So it's advisable to install the language first if you are about to add an input source for some non-latin script. This is true for both Ubuntu GNOME and other flavors.

With that said, and even if Language Support is not installed by default in Ubuntu GNOME, it's compatible with Ubuntu GNOME, and can be useful as a supplement occationally.


How to start GNOME session from chainroot?

You should be able to do this with a combination of startx and /etc/X11/Xsession, as long as you've got the necessary trees bind-mounted (I'd guess that you'll need /dev, /sys, and /proc)

Chroot into your… chroot and run

sudo startx bash

which should give you an X term with a shell.  To start a GNOME session you can simply run

/etc/X11/Xsession

from that shell.

You should be able to get this on the VT of your choice; check out the man page for startx for this, and other potentially interesting options.

Note that this doesn't make for a secure chroot - since /proc and /sys and /dev are mounted in the chroot a sufficiently advanced malicious user break out of the chroot with ease.


This issue was reported in Ubuntu Forums in 2011. The problem appears to be a corrupted .cache. I removed $HOME/.cache and after a log out/log in, dash went back to its normal behaviour.


Memory partition for ubuntu to be increased using unallocated partition

You can move allocated partitions to the end of the disk right-clicking them one by one and choosing Resize/Move, so you obtain your unallocated space adjacent /dev/sda1. Then you right-click on /dev/sda1 and choose Resize/Move to increase its dimension.

Pay attention: You must boot GParted from Live CD/USB in order to edit your disk.


Installed Ubuntu in BIOS mode, can't access BIOS anymore

I've seen quite a few reports since the switch from BIOS to EFI about EFIs refusing to launch their setup utilities. I haven't tracked these closely enough to recognize patterns (say, does a specific firmware vendor or motherboard/computer brand have more problems than others?), but this definitely qualifies as a firmware bug, not an OS bug. That said, it may be triggered by changes made by the OS to firmware settings such as the boot order. The unusual thing in your case is that you've done a BIOS/CSM/legacy-mode install, which means that the OS installation should not have made such changes. My guess is that your change from EFI-mode to BIOS-mode booting in the firmware itself has caused the bug to manifest; or perhaps changing some other firmware setting did it.

There are several ways to work around this problem, such as:

You can unplug your hard disk and boot the computer. This normally causes it to launch the setup utility.
If you boot Ubuntu in EFI mode (say, the installer booted in this way), typing sudo systemctl reboot --firmware-setup in a shell should reboot into the firmware setup utility.
Some EFI-mode (but not BIOS-mode) boot managers provide an option to boot into the firmware setup utility. GRUB has this functionality, but I'm not sure if it's enabled by default in Ubuntu, and as you're using the BIOS-mode version, this point is moot. You can, though, use my rEFInd boot manager on a USB flash drive or CD-R (there are download images for both on the page to which I've just linked). The option should appear on the second row of (smaller) icons. You can also use rEFInd to boot your regular installation to EFI mode to use systemctl, if you like.

Note that Boot Repair is very unlikely to solve the problem, since it's caused by issues in the firmware before GRUB (or anything else provided by Ubuntu) takes control of the computer.

Once you're in the setup utility, using the option to reset the firmware to its defaults is likely to fix the problem, but I can't promise that. Given your configuration, you'd need to either switch the CSM back on or add an EFI-mode boot loader to the disk to get booting again, and either procedure runs at least some risk of re-creating the problem.

As this is a firmware bug, looking for an update from the manufacturer is worth doing. If there is no update, I recommend you report the bug; manufacturers can't fix bugs if they don't know they exist.

Note that this case illustrates one advantage of booting in EFI mode: There are ways to get into the firmware setup utility from the boot manager or OS. EFI-mode booting is also usually a little bit faster, it's less restrictive on large (over-2TiB) disks, it supports Secure Boot, it's the native boot mode on modern hardware (meaning it's less likely to create confusion, as described on this page of mine), and it has some other minor advantages over BIOS-mode booting. For these reasons, I generally recommend EFI-mode installations on new hardware unless there's a compelling reason to do a BIOS-mode install.

You can safely ignore the complaint about boot files residing far from the start of the disk. That's been a recurring problem with BIOSes, with the definition of "far" changing over time. Your disk is only 119.2 GiB, with the caveat that you've shown output for /dev/sdb but not /dev/sda, so if /dev/sda is bigger and the boot loader is installed there, it could be an issue. On most modern computers, I'd expect the BIOS (or EFI's CSM) to be able to read up to 2 TiB, so any disk smaller than that should be OK.

I suspect that your GParted problems are unrelated to anything else, but they are troubling. They could indicate a disk that's failing -- but it's more likely random filesystem corruption, particularly if the computer has hung or completely crashed at any point. I strongly recommend you look into this, but as I suspect it's a separate issue from your main problem, I won't provide advice on this here.


How do I configure Keyboard layouts using XMonad as my Window Manager?

This is how I chose to configure my keyboard in XMonad.  I tend to shy away from editing the X11 files in XMonad since the Haskell language is so powerful.

In your xmonad.hs file (should be in ~/.xmonad/) I used these two lines to handle keyboard switching via hotkeys in the additionalKeys section.

-- keyboard layout --
      , ((mod1Mask .|. shiftMask, xK_d), spawn "setxkbmap -layout dvorak")
      , ((mod1Mask .|. shiftMask, xK_u), spawn "setxkbmap -layout us")


Installing leiningen, how to move script to ~/bin?

The directory ~/bin
~/bin is simply a folder named "bin" in your personal home directory.
"~" stands for your home directory, so ~/bin is actually: /home/<yourname>/bin.
You probably still have to create the folder. You can do that just like you make any other folder, and move the executable into that folder (make sure the file is executable).
$PATH
~/bin is included in $PATH by default, which means that you can run executables inside the folder by a command that is simply equal to the name of the executable; you don't need to include the path to the script to run it.
Note
After you created ~/bin and added the script, you will probably have to log out and back in for it to work (or alternativeley, run source ~/.profile, as suggested by @muru, @Thomas W.)


Connecting to ubuntu box at home from work

In teamviewer you have at the top of the screen the menu point 'View' containing a dropdown menu to configure the partner's screen resolution.


Is "shut down" missing from Dash a bug or feature?

It is intended by design. This functionality has been moved to the HUD ( What is the HUD? ) because shutting down and restarting are commands, not applications, files, folders, movies, music, or any of the types of data that the Unity Dash is supposed to search.

The Unity Dash answers the question: "Where can I find it?" The Unity HUD answers the question: "How can I do it?"


The first thing you should do is clone an image of the drive so that you have a copy in case something more goes horribly wrong. You might want to start here.

Based on your current /etc/fstab, It looks like the partition you want to run  testdisk on is /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root - Refer to the linked related answer for detail and adjust your actions accordingly. If something is unclear, comment and I'll try to clear it up.


How to edit a file to add contents in Ubuntu

The source you provided states that:

  You need to add the following entry in /etc/apt/sources.list or a new
  file in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/:

  deb http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org utopic main
  deb-src http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org utopic main

Which means you'll have to open the /etc/apt/sources.list file in a text editor to add the changes. You will also need to prefix the command with sudo which will run the command as the root user which has full read and write permissions for your system.

From a terminal session run sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list to open the file with the nano text editor, then add the following lines to the file (making sure to change utopic for your version of Ubuntu):

deb http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org utopic main
deb-src http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org utopic main

Then press F2, Y, then Enter to save the file.


Gnome looks weird after logging in. When manager replaced works ok, until next re-login

It appears you have replaced the DM.
Try sudo dpkg-reconfigure gnome-shell and pick gnome-shell as the DM


ubuntu 14.04 completely freezes during login

Could be a number of things. Are you running proprietary video drivers? What kernel version are you running? Try and boot into recovery from the grub menu or to a previous kernel version and see if you have the same problem. Sorry for submitting an answer but I need more reputation to comment.


How do I remove CompizConfig Settings Manager via the terminal?

You could sudo apt-get remove compizconfig-settings-manager

Or if you want to remove the program and the downloaded package you could
 sudo apt-get purge compizconfig-settings-manager

If you are using aptitude (apt-get's big brother ^^) then do

sudo aptitude remove compizconfig-settings-manager to remove it or

sudo aptitude purge compizconfig-settings-manager to eliminate the program and the downloaded package.


As normal user you have no rights to create the necessary folder in /var/lib. Therefore start the installation via

sudo gem install rails -v 4.2.4

Or for Ruby >= 1.9

sudo gem install rails:4.2.4


Remastersys creating 36k ISO files 14.10/15.04/15.10

OK so I figured out that if you need to install syslinux-utils and isolinux packages onto the main system and not the ISO. For some reason when installing Remastersys these two packages are not installed with it but it is needed if you want Remastersys to make fully functioning ISO files.


I tried to find the answer to this last night and I got the same problem as you have. I having been trying again this morning. Is this what you want to do?

ㅂㅈㄷㄱ쇼 that is qwerty. Here is what I did:

1) Use System Settings>Language Support to select IBUS as the Keyboard Input Method System.

2) Use Ubuntu Software Centre to install ibus-hangul.

3) Shut down and restart.

This should put a second keyboard icon in the top panel.

Click on it and select Preferences. Go to the Input Method tab and select Korean. Click Add.

Now when you click on this second keyboard icon you can select Korean and a Korean icon will appear.

You can activate or deactivate the keyboard switching method by using Ctrl+Space.

Now if only I knew some Korean I could show off my success.

(사랑 우분투)

By the way this should work for Chinese as that is the other input method option.

Regards.


What program should I use to convert a CDA file to MP3?

I think Sound Juicer(Click To Install) is a good tool for conversions.

I use Banshee for my conversions from cd to Flac or Mp3.
For Banshee go first to Edit-->preferences and change the folder and the output type and then from the main GUI you can push the button for conversion.

Of course you can use Gnome sound converter.


What is the closest equivalent to Melodyne in Ubuntu?

As @ridgy said, it runs with wine. The standalone is working already, You can try to get a running version with airwave or another VST-Linux bridge in your DAW.

Update 12.05.2018: On Ubuntu 18.04 LTS is airwave not working yet for me.
I'll reupdate this, if that changes. This post was originally created with an 16.04 or 17.10 install.


Is there a way to look at the raw logs of zeitgeist?

The logs are stored in ~/.local/share/zeitgeist/activity.sqlite. They are stored in an SQLite database, so you will need an SQLite database browser to view them.


Is it safe to remove GRUB if I have only Ubuntu installed?

Do not remove grub - it is your bridge between bios and operation system (just as @user535733 described).

If you do not want to see the grub while starting open the file /etc/default/grub (use sudo with your editor) and change the lines to

GRUB_TIMEOUT=2
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden

This will hide the menu but still will give the chance to enter it - when you press the ESC key while booting see reference


Installing R on Ubuntu - getting updates to work

From http://cran.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu/README:

  To obtain the latest R packages, add an entry like

deb http://<my.favorite.cran.mirror>/bin/linux/ubuntu precise/
deb http://<my.favorite.cran.mirror>/bin/linux/ubuntu oneiric/
deb http://<my.favorite.cran.mirror>/bin/linux/ubuntu natty/
deb http://<my.favorite.cran.mirror>/bin/linux/ubuntu lucid/
deb http://<my.favorite.cran.mirror>/bin/linux/ubuntu hardy/

  in your /etc/apt/sources.list file, replacing
  <my.favorite.cran.mirror> by the actual URL of your favorite CRAN
  mirror. See http://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html for the list of
  CRAN mirrors.

Then later in the README

  The Ubuntu archives on CRAN are signed with the key of Michael Rutter
  <marutter@gmail.com> with key ID E084DAB9. You can fetch
  this key with

gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key E084DAB9

  and then feed it to apt-key with

gpg -a --export E084DAB9 | sudo apt-key add -

  To install the complete R system, use

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install r-base

For additional details see

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu#Authentication_Tab

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SecureApt


I think the best way to manage your android from Ubuntu is to use [AirDroid]

There are a lot of features,
Manage your Android devices on the web, all over the air.

No USB cable required.
No driver installation required.
Same WiFi network or Internet.
Pure web app, works on Windows, Mac, Chromebook and Linux.

Simply install AirDroid on your Android and you’ll be able to enjoy the following features on your computer

SMS: send and receive individual or group messages.
Apps: Import and export .apk files.
Files: Manage files on Android and transferring files between Android and computer.
Photos: View and manage photos on Android and transferring photos between Android and computer.
Music & Videos: Play and manage music & videos on Android and transferring them between Android and computer.
Ringtones: Set music as ringtone and export any ringtone.
Contacts: View and edit all the contacts.


USB burnt 17.10 iso from Startup Disk Creator corrupted

you should check Etcher, which is a great tool for flashing ISO images to usb drives.

I've flashed the 17.10 ubuntu ISO to a 2GB drive just yesterday. Worked as a charm.


crontab doesn't execute python file on reboot

As @WinEunuuchs2Unix mentioned it is good to set up sleep time before python execution, given the fact python script may include services (example: MySQL), which are not active immediately on reboot.
the solution for my case is:
@reboot sleep 300 && /usr/bin/python3 /root/mydirectory/mypythonfile.py


An upgrade will in no way destroy any of your data.
The worst thing that could happen is that the upgrade fails or breaks booting of the system.

The consequence of that will be that you cannot boot your operating system Yes.
But the DATA will still be safely available on the disk itself.

You simply need to boot of a live CD to retrieve it.

If you are so afraid of loosing data in an upgrade (improbable) you should already have a system backup available since its a higher risk of loosing your DATA through disk failure than an upgrade


Can I reformat a Windows PC hard drive and install the Ubuntu Operating System

If I download the Ubuntu software, can I burn it on a CD and re-format the hard drive, and also install the Ubuntu operating system on the hard drive?

Yes, Actually Ubuntu is more than a software, It is an Operating System.

  Will that CD have accessory software applications included, e.g. a word processor, a spreadsheet, a video player, video editor, photo application, etc., as indicated on your website?

Yes, it includes

Word processor = LibreOffice writer
Spreadsheet = LibreOffice Calc
Video player = Totem
Video editor = No (Earlier versions of Ubuntu had pitivi video editor, but 12.04 has none) You can of course download the video editor after installing Ubuntu

  If I can't get Internet access on the Ubuntu PC would I be able to download some freebie applications such as Irfanview and OpenOffice on my other (Windows) PC, and transfer the download files to the Ubuntu machine, and install them?

Not exactly, You may have assumed that, Windows programs and Ubuntu programs are similar. Actually it isn't. You can't expect Windows program to run on Ubuntu just like you run it in Windows. Such as Irfanview. But of course, Some of the Windows program can be run using WINE, but it is not like Ubuntu native programs.

See this Wikipedia article to know How Ubuntu differs from a Windows PC.

See this question to have an alternative to Irfanview: Ubuntu replacement for IrfanView

For OpenOffice, you have LibreOffice pre-installed which is very much compatible with Microsoft Office and OpenOffice.


Problem setting shortcut for Tor Browser

The command needs the full path. I've tried it with a bash-script for now and ./Path/To/File/Script.sh does not work. But bash /Path/To/File/Script.sh does.

In: Running a .desktop file in the terminal i found it should be deskopen, so the command for your shortcut should be:

deskopen /home/user/tor-browser_de/start-tor-browser.desktop

I hope that helps!


Well, seems to me that you have integrated graphics(intel) and dedicated graphics AMD HD8790M (perhaps with 2GB GDRR5), with AMD Enduro technology.
→ Enduro technology what allows the HD 8790M to switch between integrated and discrete graphics so as to increase battery life of notebook.

As your card is GCN(Graphics Core Next) generation,you can use,amdgpu or amdgpu-pro driver..
Amdgpu-pro driver you can use,but is only supported on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS,and that is what you use..
I recommend for you to use amdgpu-pro ,and to install it you need to follow link from amd page.
Amdgpu (without pro) is open source driver you can use it too,but then you do not need to follow that procedure.(procedure is different,esp.for best top results,and that will be your only option if you upgrade from 16.04 up ,seems till next LTS)
To use amdgpu-pro, what not came with ubuntu LTS but is build and tested from AMD company to use it with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ,you need:
→
Note1!  You do not need to install that SDK..if you dont have plan to build applications...
Note2!→Really i enter for you, and check on AMD page,notebook linux drivers,ubuntu and Radeon HD seria,Radeon 8700 seria,and get redirected to amd-gpu -pro page...(if someone else reading this is GCN card!regardless HD prefix )so if you wanna use amdgpu-pro ,first download driver package from link for ubuntu from amd page→
  http://support.amd.com/en-us/kb-articles/Pages/AMDGPU-PRO-Driver-for-Linux-Release-Notes.aspx (today is this version on page→AMDGPU-Pro Driver Version 17.10 for Ubuntu 16.04.2)
Then how to install is described here(remember my note 1)
 http://support.amd.com/en-us/kb-articles/Pages/AMDGPU-PRO-Install.aspx

Well, if you already installed amd-gpu-pro driver,as title suggest it,really we need to know if installation pass without errors ...
So really we need to see output of this command,(to see IF amdgpu-pro is really installed)as answer on this post(please) when you typed in terminal

  dpkg -l amdgpu-pro

As amdgpu and amdgpu-pro are NOT same drivers!

Well,i can write also how to install amdgpu (without pro sufix) driver,but in this case of notebook and 16.04 LTS version of Ubuntu i recommend that amdgpu-pro driver((partly) closed source AFIK),even installation is more complicated for some people,as in this case involve use of terminal,what is not needed for using amdgpu without "pro" sufix driver(open source)as is built in ubuntu kernel,even updating is possible without using terminal,and as i know even if person wanna use non ubuntu kernel,or build kernel, amdgpu open source driver can be installed on one click,in any case,what is nice surprise how far open source drivers came.
Also to be noted perfomace in games amdgpu and amdgpu-pro are more less same.(one is better in some,other in other ones..)
So lets see output of that command...


Package installation freezes at "building initial module for 4.15.0-33-generic

Finally after couple days of research and trying different stuff out I found a solution.

There is a hidden password input field. So one has to type the sudo user password couple of times. Source: https://www.reddit.com/r/Ubuntu/comments/8r3zov/stuck_at_building_initial_module/e0z7oli


I had the same issue. I didn't do anything, just rebooted the system few times and everything worked fine. If the problem persist try this:

1) Open a terminal
2) Type sudo -i
3) Type your password
4) apt-get update
5) apt-get autoclean
6) Reboot your system and try again.

Hope that worked for you :) Don't give up, sometimes Ubuntu fix the problems along the time without user interaction.


Ubuntu mounts external ntfs drive as read-only?

This is a common question and has been answered numerous times in AskUbuntu (for example, here).

In short, you probably have fast boot turned on in Windows, which is why Linux will only mount it in read-only mode.

You should also have ntfs-3g installed, which you likely will because it is installed by default on Ubuntu

Q1. Just mount your Windows partition and see if you can create or edit a file there.

Q2. To mount it reliably in read-write mode, you need to disable fast boot in Windows. Then just double click the Windows partition in your file manager. Alternatively, you can do it from the terminal:

Find out which partition is your windows partition:

[van@z97:mnt]$ lsblk -f
NAME           FSTYPE   LABEL    UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
loop0          squashfs                                               /snap/ohmygiraffe/3
loop1          squashfs                                               /snap/core/2844
loop2          squashfs                                               /snap/core/2774
loop3          squashfs                                               /snap/core/2898
sda
├─sda1         ntfs     Recovery E6A60CE2A60CB559
├─sda2         vfat              A80E-CD6E                            /boot/efi
├─sda3
├─sda4         ntfs              3C5E17DD5E178F30
├─sda5         swap              e0f12aa3-2b9f-4e04-a91d-806a9eccb688
│ └─cryptswap1 swap              c738647d-8719-4f4e-b454-14802635d295 [SWAP]
└─sda6         ext4              4295796e-0535-4fbf-843d-7c9970c9155e /
sdb
├─sdb1         ext4              4c9ee94a-d2b3-46a0-99a7-7f434814bda5 /home
└─sdb2         ext4              cc902d7c-591b-4a44-8b68-51a7ca7c4e7f /opt

In my example above, it's sda4.

Now mount it to mount-point /mnt/windows:

sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/sda4 /mnt/windows
ls /mnt/windows

Then just navigate to /mnt/windows in your file manager and create a test text file and make sure you can save it.

You can umount the mount using:

sudo umount /mnt/windows


Error MySQL: ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket (Ubuntu 14.04.5)

Seems that you've installed mysql-client and not mysql-server. Or may the MySQL server service has not been started.

To install MySQL server, follow these steps (Or just to start mysql service, jump directly to step 3):

Install the MySQL server by using the Ubuntu package manager: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mysql-server. The installer installs MySQL and all dependencies.
After the installation process is complete, run the following command to set up MySQL: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation. The secure installer goes through the process of setting up MySQL including creating a root user password. It will prompt you for some security options, including removing remote access to the root user and setting the root password.
After the installation is complete, you can start the database service by running the following command. If the service is already started, a message informs you that the service is already running: sudo service mysql start.
After the installation is complete, you can start the database service by running the following command. If the service is already started, a message informs you that the service is already running: sudo service mysql start.
To ensure that the database server launches after a reboot, run the following command: sudo /usr/sbin/update-rc.d mysql defaults.

Start the MySQL Shell:

At the command prompt, run the following command to launch the the mysql shell and enter it as the root user: /usr/bin/mysql -u root -p.
When you’re prompted for a password, enter the one you set at install time or, if you haven’t set one, press Enter to submit no password.

Hope this helps you. If not, visit https://support.rackspace.com/how-to/installing-mysql-server-on-ubuntu/ or comment below. Thanks!


Thankfully, Dough manage to help me out,

virbr0 isn't needed and my assumption about br0 turned out to be correct (after reading the guide it showed it was a static IP),

So essentially br0 will have that static IP for the kvm-host and the rest will be for the kvm-guest.


Choosing GDM login window theme via GUI without Ubuntu Tweak

First approach

If you don't like Ubuntu Tweak, may be you like the GDM2 Setup tool:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gdm2setup/gdm2setup
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python-gdm2setup

Second approach

TheeMahn has made a Nautilus script that help you to easily make your GDM theme:

cd ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/
wget http://ubuntusoftware.info/scripts/MakeGDM
sudo chmod +x MakeGDM


Ubuntu 14.04 32bit.iso will not load, at all, from KINGSTON usb

If you are using windows and want to install Ubuntu via USB stick flash drive it's here Installation/FromUSBStickQuick. Or not if you just to create a bootable USB stick it's here How to create a bootable USB stick on Windows


How can I get root-like permissions so I can download stuff from the software center?

Open a terminal by pressing CTRL+ALT+T and enter id This lists the groups you belong to.

If you are using Ubuntu 12.04 or later then look for the group sudo in earlier versions the group was admin.  If you are shown as being in this group you are a system administrator and can run commands with administrator privileges.  If not then you will need to ask an administrator to either make you an administrator too or do what you want

An administrator can make you one too by running sudo adduser username sudo or sudo adduser username admin as appropriate for the version of Ubuntu you have replacing username with your user name.

If you are already an administrator then to run a program with a GUI with admin privileges press ALT+F2 to open the command line and type gksu or gksudo followed by the name of the program you want to run.  For example gksu nautilus runs the filemanager. gksudo is just a link to gksu so both commands are equivalent.

For command line applications then prefix the command with sudo you will be asked to enter your password.  There is no feedback when you type but it is being acceped.

For the specific example of installing preload the command is

sudo apt-get install preload

This is explained in more detail in the RootSudo - Community Ubuntu Documentation


Transferring data on HDD to SDD with a Sata to USB Cable?

The gparted can be used for the partitioning of the SSD but you would need another program like rsync to copy the files. Best done from a live USB install disk, you mount the old and new drives then a simple rsync -avP /path/to/old/install/root_partition/* /path/to/new/install/root_partition/ should copy everything for you if just a one partition setup now. Once done switch the drive out and boot the live USB again to do a boot-repair so it will be bootable again once GRUB is installed on the new SSD.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


Recently, I did an evaluation myself. I'm actually a Nix/NixOS contributor, and former researcher interested in deployment technology.

I have tried to stick myself to the facts as much as possible, but it's probably impossible to remain fully unbiased. To summarize my findings:

Both approaches store packages in isolation. Snappy stores apps and frameworks in folders using the following name convention: /app/name/version.vendor, whereas Nix uses /nix/store/hash-name-version.

Nix's naming convention is more powerful, because it uses hash prefixes that are derived from all buildtime dependencies. With Nix you can easily make distinctions between any variant of a package and store them next to each other. Any change (e.g. different build procedure, library upgrade, compiler upgrade) yields a new hash making making it possible to store any possible variant next to each other.
To allow a package to find its dependencies, Nix binds them statically to an executable (e.g. by modifying the RPATH of an ELF binary) or by wrapping them in scripts that set the appropriate environment variables (e.g. CLASSPATH, PYTHONPATH, PERL5LIB, etc.).

Snappy composes containers in which executables can find their dependencies in their common FHS locations, such as /lib and /bin

However, Nix also supports Snappy's container approach but this is only used in very rare cases. The most prominent Nix package using a containerized approach is Steam in NixOS, because Steam is a deployment tool itself with conflicting properties.
The Snappy Ubuntu Core uses a so-called "A/B" partitioning scheme to upgrade (and roll back) the base system. It only supports a limited number of versions (typically two) at the time.

In contrast, NixOS (the Nix-based Linux distro) composes the base system out of Nix packages in the Nix store as well and is much more powerful. You can roll back to any previous configuration that has not been garbage collected yet. Moreover, similar system packages among generations can be shared.
Both tools support unprivileged user installations. However, Snappy stores all files in the home directory of the user. If two users happen to install the same package then they are installed twice on the system.

In contrast, Nix packages also allow ordinary users to install packages in the central Nix store so that identical packages can be shared among users. Partly because of the naming convention (using hashing) this can be done in a secure way.
Snappy restricts the runtime behaviour of packages out-of-the-box whereas Nix does not
Snappy does not seem to help users to construct packages from source code. Nix however has a DSL allowing people to do this quite easily and automatically install all buildtime dependencies (compilers, build tools, libraries etc.) when needed
Snappy hardly supports modularization and reuse. In the example packages, all library dependencies are bundled statically consuming much more diskspace and RAM. Moreover, the documentation does not seem to provide any facilities except frameworks. However, frameworks are not meant for reuse according to the documentation

With Nix modularizing packages and safely managing dependencies are some its key features.

The full blog post can be found here: http://sandervanderburg.blogspot.com/2015/04/an-evaluation-and-comparison-of-snappy.html

Hopefully you find it interesting to read and maybe there are some things in it that you find worth thinking about.


Using two keyboards in KDE with a dedicated layout each (typically azerty / bépo)

It's an old question, but I wanted to achieve the same as the OP and this works in KDE Plasma 5.19.
I created the following (executable) script:
#!/bin/sh
#set-keyboard-layout.sh

#when using multiple keyboards at once, KDE overrides xorg keyboard configs
#using this script in autostart can set the correct layout for one of the
#keyboards again.

KEYBD_ID="Logitech HID compliant keyboard"
KEYBD_LAYOUT="fr"
KEYBD_VARIANT="bepo"

setxkbmap -layout "$KEYBD_LAYOUT" -variant "$KEYBD_VARIANT" -device $(xinput list --id-only "$KEYBD_ID")

Change the variables to suit your needs. Use xinput list --short to find the value to for KEYBD_ID.
I then added it to KDE Autostart scripts (System Settings > Startup and Shutdown (under Workspace) > Autostart > Add script...)
It leaves the laptop keyboard layout as set in KDE, but changes the USB keyboard to its correct layout. It will probably be overridden if you manually change keyboard layouts, but rebooting or logout/login will probably fix it again.
Thanks to this and this answer.


I tried replicating your situation by going into offline mode, clicking "Show Remote Content" and then switching back to online mode. It loaded the images automatically. If that didn't happen then I think it is a bug in Thunderbird and you should file a bug with it's developers.
Have you tried restarting Thunderbird?


Switch between microphones in Ubuntu 13.04

To be able to switch input sources, and settings for recordings we may install and run pavucontrol .
Select recording source
Only after we had started recording with our recording application we can then select the device where we want to record from:

Choose "Monitor of..." device for recording the sound that plays from this device, or any other input source.

Select a duplex audio device
Alternatively we can switch to a duplex audio profile for our sound output device to allow simultaneous listening and recording from our audio output device.


How to execute a command in a "while" loop after a background command has finished executing, while still looping through the loop

Remember the PID of the long running process, and use that for checking in the loop . bash returns the PID of the background process in $! just after you put the job in the  background.
Do something like (untested):
command_1 &
cpid=$!

....

# inside the loop,
if [[ -d /proc/$cpid ]] ; then
   : command_1 still running
else
   : command_1 not running
fi


Where is package linux-kernel-devel for 12.04?

Try sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)

That should download the the required files. YOu may need build essential packages also .


Please install the mesa-utils package (sudo apt-get install mesa-utils) and reload the indicator or reboot your system.


Getting same patch from two different people at the same time

Suppose that both works completely and both send at the send time, still coding varies from a programmer to another.

The more optimized code will applied.
Programmer reputation also helps
previous works done the programmars
How much each code will be dynamic to later changes

you can find many criteria that affect the chose.

UPDATE:

Thanks to @ThomasW comment, if it happens that two patches are identical and other criteria the same (which is generally considered rare, I think):

  If that is the case then there's no rules for which to use or not, and
  you can credit both contributors for the same patch.


Black screen on login, can get thru decrypt disk and access command line but no GUI

I run the command below and it mentions VGA compatible controller: Intel Corp. So I didn't think it's a driver issue:

lspci

But then when running startx, error message mentions a log file:

/var/log/Xog.0.log

Log file mentions:

"Warning, couldn't open module intel"
"Failed to load module "intel""
I get the same message for vesa, fbdev,

Running startx mentions Wiki page but it wasn't very helpful (few / no results).

FTW: Install Intel drivers

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-intel

I had to do a restart and be patient after logging-in, now I'm in business.


My cursor is blinking and the style of everything is cycling

sudo dpkg --configure -a

seemed to fix it, but I had to restart again to get the internet running.


Can a Unity Dash display be made persistent

It is not currently possible, but it's obviously possible to develop it that way. I would file a feature-request bug on Launchpad.net. One way to accomplish your goal, would be if you had to press the Ubuntu button again to close it. I don't think that would disrupt anything and it shouldn't be too much work. The only issue I can see, is that it would make the Ubuntu button act differently from the other launchers.


"GPT detected. Please create a BIOS-Boot partition" while using boot-repair

First, the bios_grub flag in parted or GParted is a way to identify a BIOS Boot Partition. GRUB 2 uses this partition to hold part of its boot code when the computer boots in BIOS mode. It's normally about 1MiB in size, although it can be smaller in some cases. Most importantly, if Boot Repair re-ran the GRUB installer after you set the bios_grub flag on your Linux root (/) partition, you may have trashed that partition. Thus, before you do anything else, I recommend you:

Remove the bios_grub flag from your Linux root (/) partition.
Test your Linux root (/) partition with fsck (or equivalent functionality in GParted or other GUI tools). If the partition has errors, fix them or restore your system from a backup. Only once you're sure that you can mount the partition and use it normally should you proceed.

Second, you had this problem because you booted your emergency disc in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode rather than in EFI mode. You need to learn how to control your computer's boot mode. You can usually do this via a boot manager that's accessed by hitting Esc or a function key early in the boot process (before GRUB appears); but there's no standardization on how to access this boot manager or what options it provides. Thus, you may need to experiment to figure this out.

Third, if you can figure out how to boot your live CD in EFI mode, Boot Repair should fix the problem. Alternatively, you should be able to use a CD-R or USB flash drive version of my rEFInd boot manager to get Linux booted. Once Linux is up and running, you should be able to use efibootmgr to restore GRUB as the default boot loader, but the details depend on how it's configured now. Briefly, you must use the -o option to efibootmgr to set GRUB's entry as the first one. This question and answers cover the issue from a different angle. Instead of restoring GRUB, you could consider installing rEFInd to your hard disk, too.

EDIT: Try using my rEFInd boot manager: Use the USB flash drive or CD-R image to create a suitable medium and boot from that. This should give you an option for Windows and at least one option for Linux. If you can boot both Windows and Linux, install the Debian package of rEFInd in Linux. This should switch the computer to use rEFInd by default, and you should be able to boot everything normally.


where to find the tftp installed server in ubuntu

Since you installed tftp via the packaging system (good newbie), you can ask the packaging system where the files are via:

dpkg -L xinetd
dpkg -L tftpd
dpkg -L tftp


What version of Ubuntu?
I saw that problem in the past, with a maybe 8.04 and I was able to solve it with the "alternate" version, so I can suggest to try the alternate versions of 12.04:

ubuntu-12.04-alternate-i386.iso.torrent (32 bit)

ubuntu-12.04-alternate-amd64.iso.torrent (64 bit)


Problems with libgtk after upgrading to 16.04

looks like you are missing the libgtk2.0-0:amd64 package

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0:amd64

I verified this by finding the file on my system and running

dpkg -S /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0

my hunch is that you will have more missing libs because some part of installation didn't work right. It might be worth running these commands to ensure you have all packages you need.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist upgrade

Edit:

it looks like you might have a corrupted version of that file
you could try reinstalling that package

  sudo apt-get purge libgtk2.0-0:amd64
  sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0:amd64


How can I back-up my Home without including previous back-ups?

I think this is not a good idea, Because files change, they work all together, creating backup of single files seperately is not good.


Follow these steps :
1.Enable 32-bit architecture
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

2.Download and install the repository key
wget -nc https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key; sudo apt-key add winehq.key

3.Add wine repository
sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ focal main'

NOTE: Replace focal with eoan for Ubuntu 19.10,
bionic for Ubuntu 18.04,
xenial for Ubuntu 16.04
4.Add PPA for the required libfaudio0 library
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cybermax-dexter/sdl2-backport

5.Do an update
sudo apt-get update

6.Install Wine 5.0 stable
sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-stable


When will Ubuntu One for Windows be released?

We will be releasing a public beta of the Windows client within the next couple weeks. When it's ready, we'll be sure to announce it on the Ubuntu One blog: http://voices.canonical.com/ubuntuone


"No such file or directory" error when downloading with 'youtube-dl'

The version of youtube-dl in the 12.04 repositories is out of date, update it with the following command:

sudo youtube-dl --update

It should work after that.

If you don't have root privileges, set an output file as a workaround:

youtube-dl -o ~/Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0YiWsAM0O8


Using Courier's authdaemon works, but it is necessary to perform the following to make the courier authdaemon usable from within Postfix's chroot:

sudo service courier-authdaemon stop
sudo rm -rf /var/run/courier/authdaemon/ /var/spool/postfix/var/run/courier/authdaemon/
sudo mkdir -p /var/spool/postfix/var/run/courier/authdaemon/
sudo ln -s /var/spool/postfix/var/run/courier/authdaemon/ /var/run/courier/authdaemon
sudo service courier-authdaemon start

Then just include the following in /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf

pwcheck_method: authdaemond
authdaemond_path: /var/run/courier/authdaemon/socket
mech_list: plain login
log_level: 9

source: https://www.hostsom.com/postfix-mysql-courier-imap-ubuntu-16-04-part3/

source: http://wiki.tolien.co.uk/Postfix_w/o_Maildrop#Courier-Authdaemon

(posting this as a new solution rather than a comment on the existing solution because I don't have the reputation to comment yet, and the existing solution was missing an important step)


Banshee doesn't support bubble notifications? (libnotify)

It should be working. Check your Banshee extensions.

Open Banshee. Go to Edit > Preferences > In the General Tab select Show Banshee in Sound Menu under Miscellaneous.

Also under the Extensions tab check if you have Sound Menu Integration checked. If not check the box. The MPRIS D-BUs Interface extension should be checked automatically.

Then try to play. Should work.


How to Safely Update the ATi Propietary Drivers?

The easiest way is to use the X-Swat PPA. The AMD drivers here are currently a version behind those released by AMD (they are based on Catalyst 10.11 rather than 10.12) but work perfectly well and of course install (and update) without any issues.

If you want the latest Catalyst version then the AMD installer is very good unless you use an unsupported kernel; AMD do not yet officially support kernel versions greater than 2.6.35. Assuming you are using Ubuntu 10.10 with 2.6.25 you will have no issues.

Otherwise, look at my thread here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1615594. This gives details on patching Catalyst 10.12 for use on kernel versions 2.6.36 and 2.6.37.


This has been marked as a bug in Launchpad. Hope someone can find a fix for it.


The exact cause might be something slightly different but perhaps I just missed the ruby gem for puppet (puppet seems to utilize ruby a fair bit (which I don't have much knowledge on). I  executed the following command:
gem install puppet

And then can see the locations for puppet as:

whereis ruby
ruby: /usr/bin/ruby /usr/lib/ruby /usr/bin/X11/ruby /usr/share/man/man1/ruby.1.gz

And after that showed up, calling puppet from the terminal appears differently:
phil@phil-HP-xw8600-Workstation:~$ puppet
See 'puppet help' for help on available puppet subcommands


I want to keep the OS intact and only clean out the free space

No, you don't. Not only is that far more likely that you'll have missed something, it's bucketloads more manual work for you checking every nook and cranny.

Nuke the disk from orbit in a filesystem-agnostic way (per Rinwind's comment: 1, 2) from a Live CD. The wipe is going to take time. It has to write to every sector on the disk. A few extra GB for the installation won't make much of a difference. Set it off and leave it going overnight.

Then just do an OEM install. This will allow the new owner to select their username and computer name. An OEM install takes under 20 minutes from a USB stick.


How do you restore the last minimized application in Unity from the launcher?

That is a bug, and there are updates for Unity just around the corner. It'll be available in a few days, I think. Hopefully, that'll fix it.


Change wallpaper at random time intervals?

This website suggests 4 automatic wallpaper changer applications: http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2018/07/4-wallpaper-changer-ubuntu-18-04/

Hopefully one of these will be of use to you. In fact, the first suggestion is a pre-installed program on Ubuntu 18.04, so if you are happy with that, you won't need to install any software at all!


Try this page: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2139480&page=2

...it's a tad tecchy, but it boils down to the following:

sudo apt-get install xutils-dev libudev-dev
git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/linuxwacom/xf86-input-wacom
cd xf86-input-wacom
./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr --libdir=/usr/lib
make
sudo make install

If you get these errors when you try the above:

No package 'xorg-server' found No package 'randrproto' found

....then do the following:

sudo apt-get install libx11-dev libxi-dev x11proto-input-dev xserver-xorg-dev tk8.4-dev tcl8.4-dev libncurses5-dev libx11-dev libxi-dev libxrandr-dev libxinerama-dev

& then go back into the xf86-input-wacom directory & re-do the

./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr --libdir=/usr/lib

command.

Followed by:

make
sudo make install

...and you should be all set to use your lovely Wacom tablet on Ubuntu 13.04

I've just done the above on a 64-bit machine with no problems (& the above will work on a 32 bit machine too).

Cheers,

Dez.


apt-get: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution)

It looks like you are using Ubuntu 9.04 "Jaunty Jackalope" (which isn't supported any more) and you have tried to install the package virtualbox-4.1 that requires at least Ubuntu 10.04.

Remove the package and upgrade your system.


Landscape Openstack not showing utilisation

I cant answer to what is wrong. But to get you into where you could find out.

On your MAAS server do export JUJU_HOME=~/.cloud-install/juju

Then

juju ssh landscape-server/0 sudo 'JUJU_HOME=/var/lib/landscape/juju-homes/`sudo ls -rt /var/lib/landscape/juju-homes/ | tail -1` sudo -u landscape -E bash'

if you then run juju status you should see the states and location of all the parts of your cloud.


Docking G2 to ubuntu for syncing and running apps

You're probably referring to Ubuntu for Android. That's not yet available.


How to bind all the subdomains to 127.0.0.1?

This is actually dead-simple with dnsmasq:

# install dnsmasq
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq
# map anything ending in .dev to 127.0.0.1
echo address=/dev/127.0.0.1 | sudo tee /etc/dnsmasq.d/dev
# restart to make it read new config
sudo service dnsmasq restart
# verify it's working
host gsdf.gsd.fg.sdf.g.dev
# gsdf.gsd.fg.sdf.g.dev has address 127.0.0.1


Ubuntu on touchscreen computers: what am I missing?

So it turns out that, indeed, you must enable touch gestures for every application that doesn't have it enabled out of the box. Firefox seems to have touch gestures disabled because the feature is said to be buggy. I haven't noticed any bugs, though. You can enable it by adding an environment variable to .bashrc . In case anyone else is wondering how to do it (including my forgetful future self), here's a quick terminal command that should get it running for you in Firefox:
echo "export MOZ_USE_XINPUT2=1" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

As for LibreOffice and Thunderbird, I haven't found the name of the environment variable to get touch gestures running in these applications, if there is one at all. I'd still appreciate it if anyone could provide help on this.


How do I start gnome-terminal with a specific width/height?

man gnome-terminal reveals that this is the way:

gnome-terminal --geometry=20x20

The above will create a 20x20 window (measured in characters, see Specifying X windows' geometry in the coordinates obtained from  wmctrl)


How can I display directories in the "Recent" folder?

Are you looking for the folders in which Recently Used Files reside, or are you just looking for Recently Accessed folders?

(Note that, Recently Accessed folders are listed on the Unity Dash "Home" scope, under "Files and Folders").

If you follow the premise that a folder will be considered to have been Recently Accessed, if a file within the folder was recently used, then you can see all folders for recently used files...

Click on "Recent" in the Nautilus left pane, under "Places".
Click on the "View items as a list" button at the top right of Nautilus.  (It is the button icon with three bars).
Right click on the column header bar ("Name", "Type", "Size", "Modified") in the files pane of Nautilus.
Then select elect "Location" from the pop-up menu. This will add an extra Location column to the display.


Icq is now available in beta Version:

Installation:

For 32-bit:

Install Adobe Air.
Download and install ICQ.

For 64-bit:

Follow the instructions to install Adobe Air for 64-bit:   How do I install Adobe AIR?
Download and Install ICQ


MAAS, JUJU help: MAAS Nodes have no access to the internet while PXE booting

If you can add a second NIC to the master server, and enable IPv4 forwarding and NAT, you can use the second NIC to connect to the switch and all the other machines, while using the first NIC on the server to access the outside, both for the server and the machines.

You might find this useful: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Internet/ConnectionSharing


Ubuntu 14.04 failed to boot after a failed upgrade to 16.04

First, advice to others who want to install a beta version, besides the classic "backup your data":

if update-manager -d fails with too many errors and does not rewind what it has done, do not force a restart.
close update-manager, if necessary, kill the process.
do an apt-get -f install, followed by apt full-upgrade.
Repeat with apt update and apt full-upgrade and make sure that the process runs without complaints.

This should let you succeed in 9 of 10 cases. Only then restart into the new kernel.

For your situation:

Make a bootable installation media (flash drive or DVD) of the latest 16.04.
Boot into the installer CD.
Use the repair option with whatever suits you. Try to repair the existing installation, keeping your data - this works surprisingly well.
After the repair has done its thing, reboot and remove the installer drive.

To clarify what the 'repair' means: When you try to install to an existing Ubuntu system without formatting, the installer detects the existing system and gives you a repair menu in the next step where you can choose to overwrite or repair the existing installation.

You have to choose the install option, it is not mentioned that the repair option pops up later in the process if it is an existing installation.

Enjoy 16.04LTS.


Xubuntu 15.04 fails to boot into a live session from a live USB, but only when my SSD is plugged in

Using the kernel that comes from LTS (3.19).
Noticed that having persistent on the command line and NO caspar-rw FILE will stop the boot process in busybox. Adding the casper-rw file removes that problem. My work-around for now is use a small casper-rw file AND and home-rw partition which cover the remainder of the thumb drive.


A tabbed PDF reader that saves and restores the last session?

Qpdfview has a setting for saving open tabs:

You can install it with this command:

sudo apt install qpdfview


Still having trouble running Zelda Classic on Ubuntu?

This is what I did (BTW Thank you for showing me this. I will be offline for several days now ^^)

Downloaded game from http://www.zeldaclassic.com/downloads.php (Version 2.50 as you mentioned)
Went to the Download folder and right clicked the file and selected Extract Here. This should create a folder in the Download folder named Zelda Classic. Go to this folder from within your terminal and simply ./zelda-l

It should start right away...

Note that I did not check any options to execute, only used the files the same way they arrived (No permissions were modified)

It this helps, line 48 of the ag.cfg file inside the Zelda Classic folder showed this

linux_qst_dir = /home/cyrex/Downloads/Zelda Classic/

So maybe that line can help. Am also running 14.04 64 Bit.


Using FTP

Here is another way to easily transfer files between your laptop and Android phone.

Prerequisite:

Install ES File Explorer (File Manager) on your Android

Procedure:

If both your Android and Ubuntu are connected to the same WiFi (same LAN), skip to step 3. Otherwise, create a WiFi hotspot on your Android:

Connect your laptop to this WiFi network.

Open ES File Explorer and open left-side menu.

Go to Network -> Remote Manager

Turn on the FTP Server and note down the IP:port address

Open Nautilus file explorer on Ubuntu. In connect to URL, type your phone's FTP server URL (from the previous step) and click on Connect

If you need, You can set user name and password in ES File Explorer. By default, It will be public (anonymous).

In your PC, click on Connect. You can use the username and password that you set in ES File Explorer and connect as registered user.

Now the internal memory of your phone is mounted. You can copy new files, remove files, do anything.

If you wish to mount your SD card, you can set that in ES File Explorer settings.


Disconnect your power cable. On the bottom of your notebook there should be a small hole in which you can stick a paperclip. This will poweroff your laptop. Now connect your power cable again and you should be able to boot.

source: https://superuser.com/questions/290132/how-to-force-power-off-of-a-samsung-series-9-laptop


Accidentally erased the entire Ubuntu hard drive

If you want to recover the data (I mean, if you have something very important), first, do not attempt to re-format or reinstall, if you only formatted you can try to recover pluggin-in the HDD in another computer and running Recuva. But if you created a new partition table, it will be hard to recover.

Don´t expect to recover the entire system, focus on recovering the important files. Probably (the most) you will have to reinstall ubuntu again.

You can try this proccedure: https://askubuntu.com/a/537143/829050


How to turn off blinking LED while suspend?

This is hardware specific. If you cannot change the setting in the BIOS of your PC, the next way would be to remove the LED connector from your mainboard, which would effectively turn off the LED completely.

You could also try to hibernate instead of suspend, if that's an option.


Looking to specifically customize Ubuntu SSH banner

This is not a banner, but a MOTD (Message of the Day). It is generated by PAM dynamically and the static part can be simply appended as noted in the /etc/pam.d/sshd:

# Print the message of the day upon successful login.
# This includes a dynamically generated part from /run/motd.dynamic
# and a static (admin-editable) part from /etc/motd.
session    optional     pam_motd.so  motd=/run/motd.dynamic
session    optional     pam_motd.so noupdate

The dynamic part is generated from the /etc/update-motd.d/ to /run/motd.dynamic by the pam_motd.so module.


Ubuntu cannot see disk partitions when installing

We can't see the disk in ubuntu at any version because all disk is has allocated ubuntu.
If we want to see whole disk space then go to system setting and its show all configuration of computer as well.


how to install Windows XP guest in virtualbox with Ubuntu 12.04 host

Create a new virtual machine, set the type to Windows XP, add a virtual harddisk (type: IDE is recommended), attach a Windows XP install ISO to the guest CD drive, start the machine. Installation will run normally inside the guest.
After the OS is installed, it is recommended to install the Virtualbox Guest Additions inside the guest VM.

Alternately, if you're looking to test old IE versions, you could download pre-made virtual machines from http://modern.ie/


Can't boot Ubuntu after installing it and it looks like it isn't even installed in the disc management

Simple answer (for linux newbies): There may be multiple probable causes to your problem. It depends on many factors that you didn't cover. How did you created the linux partitions, how did you install Install Ubuntu? From LiveDVD? From LiveUSB? Manual or automatic? Does your PC have a BIOS or a UEFI? Is your partition table an MBR or GPT? Etc. I know all these questions scare you. It did to me too, a long time ago when i started learning linux.

First, Windows will never recognize ANY other operating system. That's the Microsoft way. Or any other partition types except their own. Windows, bootloader (winboot) will never recognize any other bootloader.

Secondly, Ubuntu (as well as other linuxes) will always recognize other operating systems like Windows and MacOS. Ubuntu's bootloader (GRUB or GRUB2)     will always recognize winboot.

Every operating system needs a bootloader - a small software that tells the PC hardware the identity of the operating system, how it works and how to load it into RAM memory. An installed operating system without a bootloader is useless, because it will never be recognized by the hardware.

What happens when we install multiple OSes (each one with its' own bootloader) on the same PC? Well, one bootloader must rule them all. A single GRUB is sufficient for multiple linuxes. For a Windows + a linux PC, a winboot must be present and a GRUB too. Preferably on different partitions (because if one fails, at least you'll have the other still available). But the GRUB must be the ruler, because it recognizes any other bootloader, and winboot does not.

How to make GRUB rule the world? First install Windows. Automatically. Don't erase/merge any partitions. Secondly install Ubuntu. During Ubuntu install process, it should recognize the Windows installation. Choose install Ubuntu along Windows option. When asking you where to install GRUB choose /sda. That means the root of your first hard-disk. Highest priority possible! Don't choose any /sda1, /sda2, etc, because that means installing GRUB in the root of the specified partition 1, 2 ,etc and may result in conflict with winboot, erase winboot or not superseding winboot.

One last thing: Although it is sometimes possible to install Ubuntu to NTFS or FAT partitions, that is only advisable to advanced and expert linux users. Any typical linux (Ubuntu included) needs AT LEAST 2 partitions: a swap partition and an ext2/3/4 partition.The swap partition is always inaccessible, it acts as virtual RAM memory, the ext partition is where your Ubuntu will be installed. For adequate usage SWAP size should be = (1.5...2) x RAM size. EXT partition can be any size you want, but no less than minimum size recommended by Ubuntu.

Tip: The Windows' Disk Management equivalent in Linux is called GParted. And you can use it before (as in liveCD) and after you install Ubuntu.
For proper viewing of ALL partitions on your disk ALWAYS use GParted!! A had an unpleasant surprise with Win8: it automatically creates a recovery partition upon install that is not visible in Disk Management, but is recognised by GParted!


Can I add a personal launcher to favourite toolbox in GNOME Shell?

You could copy your launcher to ~/.local/share/applications, or use the one below:

Here's a sample:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Firefox Web Browser2
Comment=Firefox Web Browser
GenericName=Web Browser
Exec=/my/path/to/run_mozilla
Terminal=false
X-MultipleArgs=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Internet;
MimeType=text/plain;
StartupNotify=true

If you save this as, say, Firefox_custom.desktop in ~/.local/share/applications it will show up in your gnome overview and then you'll be able to drag it as a favorite.

Edit:

Guess I'll add some extra information based off Luigi's comment.

An easy way to create a .desktop file in the proper directory is using gtk-desktop-item-edit like so:

gtk-desktop-item-edit --create-new ~/.local/share/applications


How to uninstall old versions of the kernel?

Go to synaptic package manager and search for 'linux-image'. Then select and remove the older versions. To remove right click on the package and select 'Mark for Removal'.


Where is the Python source? (needed in pyqtdeploy)

From the apt-get man page:

   source
       source causes apt-get to fetch source packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory the
       newest available version of that source package while respecting the default release, set with the option APT::Default-Release, the -t option or per package with the pkg/release syntax, if
       possible.

       Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via deb-src lines in the sources.list(5) file. This means that you will need to add such a line for each repository you want to get
       sources from; otherwise you will probably get either the wrong (too old/too new) source versions or none at all.

       If the --compile option is specified then the package will be compiled to a binary .deb using dpkg-buildpackage for the architecture as defined by the --host-architecture option. If
       --download-only is specified then the source package will not be unpacked.

       A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used for the package files. This enables exact
       matching of the source package name and version, implicitly enabling the APT::Get::Only-Source option.

       Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the dpkg database like binary packages; they are simply downloaded to the current directory, like source tarballs.

As the last line says, they are downloaded to the current working directory.  Therefore, if you open a terminal and it's looking at your home directory, it'll be downloaded there.

You may wish to make a subdirectory first for your source package downloads first, then change into that directory, and then run the command and download the source package.


Won't boot after upgrade 18.04, encrypted swap

In addition to the two steps I mentioned in my question, here's what I did to solve the problem:

removed/commented out the line in /etc/crypttab that corresponded to the swap partition -- cryptswap1 /dev/sda5 /dev/urandom swap,cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
removed/commented out all swap related lines in /etc/fstab, including the line /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 none swap sw 0 0

Note: you probably won't have any swap after this, unless your installation is successfully using a swapfile as well.


How to stop Steam from installing itself to other users?

When a user logs in, Steam should not automatically open. It's likely that Steam is still set to open in their Startup Applications. Disabling it there should prevent it from starting when a user logs in.


What information should I preemptively store to be able to recover encrypted data?

Run  ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase  at the terminal screen and write down the output for disaster recovery.

type    ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase  in the terminal screen
it will prompted you with "Passphrase:", it wants your user login password
The output will look like this example "1b6acbada5e3a61ebe324a4745e61ba8"
 the 32 character output is your "passphrase" you need to write down and store
 in a safe place.

To recover your data in the future follow this guide..

http://www.howtogeek.com/116297/how-to-recover-an-encrypted-home-directory-on-ubuntu/


Wine or CrossOver. You will loose SO MUCH performance with VMs.

Try:
    http://www.codeweavers.com/products/ (I am not affiliated with them)

or:

sudo apt-get install wine

If you're trying wine, you might also want to check here to resolve winetrick dependency and specific wine versions working and others not issues.


Which root paths (e.g., /lib) can never be symlinks?

In archlinux, /bin, /lib, lib64, /sbin are all symlinks and this works fine.

I don't see why it's not working with you. You should have made the symlinks while the system was not running, ie by mounting the filesystem in a live session or similar

Also, if you use partitions and mount them, then I don't see why you need to use symlinks at all? For example, you could copy only the content of /lib/* into your new partition and mount it under /lib with /lib directory still on your root partition. That way, there is no need for symlinks.


How to Access Boot Options 12.04 Live USB

As soon as you start to boot from the USB, hit any key and the Ubuntu Menu will come up...

If you press F6 you will get the other boot options (in the gray box in the corner) selecting one or more will append it to the boot command automatically.  If nomodeset doesn't work the next one to try would be apci=off.  After selecting the extra boot commands select "Try Ubuntu" and see if it will boot.

You are likely right about the problem being your Nvidia card but solving that problem is beyond me.  I think I was able to answer you initial question at least.


How do I find out when debian packages were last updated?

You can use stat -c %y /var/lib/apt/periodic/update-success-stamp to find last update date.

It will give the date of last apt-get update.


Make 2 workspaces on 1 monitor in GNOME Shell?

It is not possible to have two workspaces displayed on a single screen, not in Gnome Shell and not in any other desktop environment I know.
An easy way to put your browser in half of the screen is to use the shortcut key Super+Left/right. This will tile the browser window on the left or right of your screen. With similar hotkeys, other applications can then be made to occupy the other half.
A similar approach works for maximizing the window on the entire screen: use Super+Up or drag the window to the top edge.
With the mouse, you quickly achieve the same by dragging the window to the left or right edge of the screen. Once the cursor is close to the edge, a colored area will appear, indicating that you can now release the mouse button to have the window tiled.


How to extract/inject ID3 tags via bash?

Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install eyeD3

eyeD3 is a terminal program to display and manipulate id3-tags on the command-line.
A command-line editor to add/edit/remove ID3-tags on mp3 files. It supports version 1.0,1.1,2.3 and 2.4 of the ID3 standard.  Additionally it displays several information about the file such as length and bitrate from an MP3 file.

A web search using the search terms bash script eyeD3 will bring up examples of bash scripts using eyeD3 designed to do several different kinds of tasks such as reading mp3 tags, writing mp3 tags, read/write ID3V1 (ID3 version 1) tags, and read/write ID3V2 (ID3 version 2) tags.


Is it possible to convert LVM filesystem back to normal?

If you're willing to wipe everything in the LVM, then yes: Just delete the LVM partition and let the new distribution's installer create whatever it needs, or do so manually before or during the installation.

If you want to save some or all of what's in your LVM, then it gets more complex. One option is to shrink your LVM to make room for the new distribution. This will require either heavy-duty command-line tools like various LVM command and fdisk or gdisk; or use of a GUI LVM front-end like system-config-lvm. Another option is to back up your data, delete the LVM, and restore everything to a non-LVM setup. Another is to install a new hard disk and use that for your new distribution, leaving the current LVM setup intact. Yet another option is to install LVM support into the new distribution. This can probably be done just by adding the right packages to the installer, but I can't be sure of that.


How do I exit a terminal so that any processes I started keep running?

You can exit the terminal by pressing Ctrl+D; this will break the parent-child chain, so that the terminal is no longer the parent.

Using the ampersand only places the process in the background; it doesn't disassociate the parent from the child, so when the parent process exits, so do its children.


Upgrading VIM 7.3 to latest release via apt-get

I was wondering why can't I just do the following: "sudo apt-get
  update vim" ?

The correct way of running it is sudo apt-get update.
This command resynchronize the package index files from server, so that information about new and updated packages is available.

The current version of Vim in Ubuntu 12.04 repository is 7.3.
So running sudo apt-get upgrade( which  is used to install the newest versions of all packages currently installed on the system from the server) will not upgrade your Vim to it's latest release.

However you can  install its latest version (i.e 7.4) by adding   the third party ppa.

To install it, open terminal and type

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcwu-tw/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vim

(I have not tested it,but should work perfectly.)

You can also install the latest version of Vim by compiling it from the source.
For this see this answer

  I tried to do a search via: sudo apt-get search vim to see which one
  is installed and it doesnt seem to find it

You can dpkg -s <packagename> to get the status of specified package which also include the version of installed package.
If you are intrested in version only refine your query using dpkg -s <packagename> | grep 'Version'

For eaxmaple

dpkg -s vim | grep 'Version'

Update

  Ubuntu 12.04 LTS reached its regular End of Life on April 28, 2017. No
  more package updates, including security updates, will be accepted to
  the 12.04 primary archive.


Cannot get juju works with OpenStack Juno

The metadata commands you used will generate the index and other files. What seems to be the problem is a mismatch between the cloud/region name in those files, and what you have in your juju environments.yaml file. Could you compare them? Specifically the keystone (auth) url needs to match, byte for byte.


G3 B&W w/Encore G4 ZIF upgrade, freeze on live boot

Ubuntu MATE 16.04 worked well on an iBookG4, this might be worth trying on your machine.  I found that even with windows PCs its worth trying different versions of a distro to find one that works.  If you get lucky, that is easier than hacking about to make something work.

A bit of google-searching finds some posts from the early 2000's reporting that Linux kernel cannot run with the Sonnet upgrade cards.

http://www.jonh.net/lppcfom-serve/cache/375.html

the advice refers to very old versions of linux, so its not clear what you might be able to try on your machine.


Copy file1 to file2 except the final byte in 1 command

Using head -c:

   -c, --bytes=[-]NUM
          print  the  first  NUM bytes of each file; with the leading '-',
          print all but the last NUM bytes of each file

So

head -c -1 file1 > file2


Boot option missing in Windows Boot Manager after installing live Ubuntu on hard disk with UNetbootin

Looks like your problem is that GRUB2 is properly configured correctly. To solve your problem you have to do the following:

Install EasyBCD.
Open EasyBCD.
In the left menu (EasyBCD Toolbox) select "Add New Entry".
In the right of EasyBCD Toolbox select "Linux/BSD" under "Operating Systems".
As Ubuntu 18.04.2 uses GRUB2 so select "GRUB 2" in the "Type" dropdown menu.
In the "Name" field give the name of the entry you want. (Eg. Ubuntu, Ubuntu Linux, Ubuntu 18.04.2)
In the "Drive" field select the partition you used to install Ubuntu. The option should contain "Partition [the number of partition] (Linux - [the size of the partition])".
Click the + to add the entry.

Now try to boot Ubuntu with that entry. If it fails then:

Create a folder named "boot" in the root directory any NTFS partition.
Create a folder named "grub" inside that directory.
Create a file named "grub.cfg" inside the "grub" directory.
Write the following in the file.

source (hd0,1)/boot/grub/grub.cfg

Boot with that entry.
If you fail to boot Ubuntu then open that file and replace 1 with 2, 3, 4... until you are able to boot Ubuntu.

After booting Ubuntu, you can reconfigure the GRUB by executing the following commands:

sudo su
grub-install /dev/sda
update-grub


Inherited 2nd Gen Ipod Nano - cannot delete iPod music

One does not simply plug an iPod and expect it work's - unless you're using Mac OS.

It's the same with Windows - there you need iTunes.
When I used an iPod, I used to use gtkPod to manage the music on the device.

As far as I know there is a iPod plugin for Rhythmbox already installes (can't tell, using Amarok), have a look at this.


Airplane mode - Use hardware switch to turn off; HP ProBook 4540s

The issue of HP wireless being inoperable because of a hard block and therefore the usual wireless key not toggling wireless on and off is long-standing. There are only a few things you can try.
First, try removing the helper module hp_wmi and then try to switch the wireless on with the key combination.
You could also try:
sudo modprobe -r hp_wmi
sudo rfkill unblock all
rfkill list all

Second, check the user guide for your HP laptop and be certain that the wireless key combination you are using is correct. Be certain that you are not using Fn+F12, for example, if the user guide says it is simply F12. On the other hand, if you are certain you are using the correct sequence, try the wrong sequence as an experiment; i.e., use Fn+F12 (or whatever your sequence is) if the user guide says it’s F12 and vice versa.
Next, you can remove the card, tape off pin 20 and re-insert it: https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2150597
You can, if all these steps fail, file a bug report against the module hp_wmi: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/
Finally, in many, but not every case, a USB wireless will also be hard blocked for the same reasons. If you want to try one, be certain to try it within a return period.
I regret that there isn’t a better answer for HP laptops.

Possibly related: Why does "Airplane Mode" keep toggling on my HP laptop in Ubuntu 18.04?


What's the default /etc/network/interfaces?

For eth0 with dhcp:

# The loopback network interface
auto lo eth0
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
iface eth0 inet dhcp

For eth0 static:

# The loopback network interface
auto lo eth0
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.10.33
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    broadcast 192.168.10.255
    network 192.168.10.0
    gateway 192.168.10.254
dns-nameservers 192.168.10.254

link:
http://www.iasptk.com/ubuntu/20202-ubuntu-server-networking-configuration-dhcp-address-static-ip-address-second-ip-address-or-virtual-ip-address


windows virus on usb will run on ubuntu 16.04?

I use the same USB stick on both my Ubuntu and my Windows PC. Normally, Windows viruses should not be able to affect your Ubuntu OS, because the viruses that affect your Windows PC are written for Windows and don't do their 'work' on a Linux OS such as Ubuntu.

However, Ubuntu is getting more popular and therefore it may become more profitable to write viruses for Ubuntu. A lot of people claim that you should not worry about viruses on Ubuntu, but nevertheless, it doesn't hurt to install anti-virus programs written for Ubuntu. ClamAV is one that is regularly updated. You may find an old version of it in the Ubuntu software repository which you can find on your ribbon, but I would recommend you install the latest version which you can find on the ClamAV site. It does come with instructions and a readme file.


It looks like you already have it installed.

If you want to remove something you installed just run

sudo apt-get remove libopencv-dev

then you can install a new version

sudo apt-get install libopencv-dev

It is also pretty easy to compile from source and then you always know where it is located and you can manage versions and build parameters.

If you want to compile opencv it is pretty easy

sudo apt-get -y install libopencv-dev build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config python-dev python-numpy libdc1394-22 libdc1394-22-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libtiff4-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libxine-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils unzip

then get opencv 3 which is the latest version

mkdir opencv
cd opencv
wget https://github.com/Itseez/opencv/archive/3.0.0.zip
unzip opencv-3.0.0.zip

then compile

cd opencv-3.0.0
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_TBB=ON -D WITH_V4L=ON -D WITH_QT=ON -D WITH_OPENGL=ON ..
make -j $(nproc)
sudo make install

You can also use ccmake .. if you want to configure the options a slightly easier way.  Then at that point just point your include path to your build directory, or your make install directory which should be /opt/opencv I believe.


Summary concerning the size of the SSD

lsblk (size in GiB):

NAME     SIZE OWNER GROUP MODE
sdb     29,8G root  disk  brw-rw----
└─sdb1  29,8G root  disk  brw-rw----

parted (size in GB):

Model: ATA SanDisk SSD i100 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32,0GB

Both of these tools see the SSD size as 32 GB, so I think that it is a 32 GB drive.

I found this link, that I think describes this drive and some other similar SSDs,

SANDISK LAUNCHES TWO NEW SOLID STATE DRIVES (SSD) FOR TABLETS AND ULTRA-THIN NOTEBOOKS

If the drive was sold to you as a 64 GB drive, I suggest that you tell the vendor to replace it with a a drive, that contains 64 GB, or that you can return it and get the money back.


Test this:

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

sudo -i
apt-get update
apt-get install --reinstall aptitude deborphan
aptitude remove '?and(?reverse-depends(lubuntu),?not(?reverse-depends(?exact-name(kubuntu-desktop))))'
aptitude remove '?and(?reverse-depends(lxde),?not(?reverse-depends(?exact-name(kubuntu-desktop))))'
apt-get install --reinstall kubuntu-desktop
deborphan
apt-get --purge remove $(deborphan)
deborphan --libdevel
apt-get --purge remove $(deborphan --libdevel)
deborphan --find-config
dpkg --purge $(deborphan --find-config)
apt-get autoremove
apt-get clean
reboot

This removes the installed packages that reverse-depend on lubuntu and not those for kubuntu-desktop.