Proper way and place to unzip and install software at in Ubuntu 14.10?

The binary packages on the page that you mention are intended for use on 'generic' Unix systems, where you have no software management system, or don't want to use one. However, Ubuntu's software management is excellent.

I would advise to stay away from the binary versions, and instead go to the Repositories guide. Enter the commands under apt. That way, you don't need to worry about where to put the files. Also, if you change your mind, you can easily remove the package from your system.


How to change screen settings or display options from terminal (L)ubuntu 18.04

Try with
lxqt-config-monitor

It should open monitor settings and you can change resolution from there


Kubuntu sddm rotated login screen (20.04)

Open the file at /usr/share/sddm/scripts/Xsetup and add this line
xrandr -o left.
Now open the file at /usr/share/sddm/scripts/Xsetup and add these lines:
[X11]
DisplayCommand=/usr/share/sddm/scripts/Xsetup
Log out and enjoy your now correctly rotated login screen.


The Ubuntu Wiki has even easier instructions on how to create a minimal server with UEFI boot.


Create wifi hosptot but AP mode not supported

You need the brcsmac open source driver instead of broadcom-wl. See Installing Broadcom Wireless Drivers.


How do I upgrade PHP progressively over several sites on a single server?

You should probably have two or more different servers, one for testing, the other for production, etc.. VPSs are really cheap now, and a VPS based solution would be way easier than this to configure, maintain, update, etc... The principle to keep in mind is called "KISS".

Anyway, back to the question: I would be looking into multiple FPM instances running on the same machine, one for each PHP version. This way it would be just a matter of one line of ProxyPassMatch to switch one site (i.e. vhost) from one PHP version to another. This would allow you to have a single Apache front-end with multiple PHP back-ends.

(Multiple Apache's on the same machine look like a nightmare to me).

Php-fpm is a separate CGI server that runs PHP outside of Apache. If you are still using mod-php, then you should first migrate to fpm and learn how to do proxying with Apache.

You would need to build each PHP version from source and install it to a different folder, prepare all the configuration, and create your init scripts. It's not too hard. You can find  an example here (it's nginx based, but that's easy to migrate): http://www.sitepoint.com/run-multiple-versions-php-one-server/

If you do it, remember that you will need to keep PHP up to date with respect to security patches, so you will need to allocate time for downloading, recompiling and testing.


Configuring dpkg stops processing when calling an HTTP request to Adobe Flash Player

Unfortunately, with Flash having reached EOL and it no longer being supported, the only option you have to fix this is to remove the package and anything depending on it.
sudo apt remove pepperflashplugin-nonfree

The above command will simply remove the package, thereby no longer hanging up on Adobe's "Flash is End of Life" page.  This does, however, prohibit you from running Flash content now.  (Though, most of the browsers on the market have already disallowed the Flash plugin because of the December 31, 2020 EOL date)
NOTE: As of January 19, 2020, the process has begun to make the pepperflashplugin-nonfree package a 'dummy package' that removes the existing Flash plugins and then doesn't install Flash anymore.  This came as an OEM request, and is in the process of being SRU'd.
As of January 26, 2020, a Stable Release Update has been released for pepperflashplugin-nonfree that essentially fixes this issue and kills Flash installed by the package.  This was an OEM request, and is now live, and SHOULD resolve the issue being observed by people running into PepperFlash hanging dpkg and apt installs.


If you just want to create a Live USB for Ubuntu, use unetbootin instead. Easy to use, either download from internet and create, or create from a local ISO file.

Otherwise, you can use dd to do the same thing. For example sudo dd if=/path/to/Ubuntu.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=8M.


How do I get a list of all applications that can be executed from Ubuntu Dash Home? Is there is some xml file that stores this information?

I understand from the comments that the OP likes the output from the linked code but would like the information placed into an xml file that can be queried.

Her'es how to modify the script given at Get contents of .desktop files to process the output into an XML file.

filename="MyDesktopFiles.xml"
rm $filename
touch $filename

echo '<?xml version="1.0"?>' >> $filename
echo '<items>' >> $filename

for files in /usr/share/applications/*.desktop;
do
  echo '<item>' >> $filename
  echo '   <name>'$(grep -e "^Name=" $files | sed 's/Name=//g')'</name>' >> $filename
  echo '   <command>'$(grep -e "^Exec=" $files | sed 's/Exec=//g')'</command>' >> $filename
  echo '</item>' >> $filename
done

echo '</items>' >> $filename
echo '</xml>' >> $filename


Dual booting Ubuntu 19.10 on Dell XPS 7390 fails at Dell logo

Ok I think I figured it out.  Turns out that for this version of ubuntu, secure boot should actually be ENABLED, and the partition scheme when you make the bootable USB should be GPT if you have UEFI instead of BIOS.

I imagine some other issue will soon show up, but at least I can get to the grub screen now.


I just mistyped the file directory.

This line fixed it:

  /dev/md1 / ext4 grpjquota=quota.group,usrjquota=quota.user,jqfmt=vfsv1 0 2


How do I share files between computers without using a password?

Here is one method. Another would be to use the 'connect to server' button after setting up passwordless SSH. Note that this will work if both computers are running a Linux flavor, but not between Windows and Ubuntu.

**Step 1:**Setup a passwordless SSH connection between the two computers: How can I set up password-less SSH login?

**Step 2:**Then mount the shared folder from the remote computer: Mount remote directory using SSH


Possibly, this is a form of a known bug. If indeed, then it will not manifest in Ubuntu 2D. Try to log out and choose 2D as your session; do you still experience the same problem?

If not, then your problem is related to compiz. Compiz in 12.04 has several bugs. I had to install an older version of Compiz from a PPA; the instructions are here. However, as a word of warning, some people report that they still have your problem ("white menues") even when using this compiz version; see comment #144 here.

To change to Unity 2D, logout and when you get to the login screen click on the Ubuntu logo at the top of the panel, just to the right of your login name.  Select Unity 2D from the drop down menu then type your password and continue with the login.  If you get the password wrong you will have to re-select Unity 2D from the drop down as it will reset back to the previous default.


Ubuntu Server 18.04 setting WiFi connections when install

You need to use the older version of the installer aka. "the d-i installer". When I say "older version", it's still an installer for Ubuntu Server 18.04, it just uses the installer framework ("d-i") used by previous versions of Ubuntu. The newer installer framework ("subiquity") is very much a work-in-progress right now.

This information came from comment #5 on bug #1750645, linked in a comment on the question. As it notes, the server download page has a link to alternative downloads, and that has a section further down the page saying:

  If you require advanced networking and storage features such as; LVM, RAID, multipath, vlans, bonds, or re-using existing partitions, you will want to continue to use the alternate installer.

...which links to the d-i-based installer downloads.


How to specify which keys CapsLock affects?

Answers in the comment lead to the impression that there is no easy GNOME setting to toggle. Vote up mikel's answer in the comments, not mine: http://launchpadlibrarian.net/29195040/mswindows-capslock.patch to adapt the belgian solution.


Recovering user data after misinformed username change

When you boot your computer, press shift when the BIOS is done.

You should end up in the grub boot menu, if now try again. There you choose advanced options for UBUNTU, and then your your actual kernel in recovery mode.

You should end up in a menu where you can choose to be root and end up in a shell as such. Now remount your drive into read/write access.

mount -rw -o remount /

from there reverse your changes you made and reboot by

reboot

Read more here ...


How to install a windows 7 disk with Ubuntu 13.04 in a uefi computer?

I think backup data,DELETE EVERYTHING, (don't use uefi, for me (i thing for most users it's a little confusing)) install windows, then ubuntu. Best choice... Try some GRUB tools anyway... try partedmagic liveCD With this you can try to resize (do smaller) your partition (of course it need to have some free space.) (backup even with this choice, just in case if something went wrong...) GOOD LUCK! Sorry if my english is confusing!


How to find package name for particular class of java from terminal

I'm not sure what you use for development, but I'm using IntelliJ IDEA and I never have to care about any import statement. I just start to type ArrL and IDEA will take care of the rest. It will suggest ArrayList<E> for autocompletion and fix the import statement instantly. It just knows what you want to do and you can concentrate on development and not on remembering package names:

Edit:
An easy way to do it in the command-line is to search the src.zip file which comes with the SDK. So if you try to find ArrayList then you can do
7z l src.zip | grep ArrayList

and you get
2013-03-26 21:10:27 ..... 42659 8916 java/util/concurrent/CopyOnWriteArrayList.java
2013-03-26 21:10:27 ..... 21547 5814 java/util/ArrayList.java

where you can see the package structure because it is similar to the sub-folders. I'm sure there are corner-cases where this doesn't work, but you can at least try.


First of all - try to ping some server (google.com ?) while trying to reproduce this problem. It might be a case with wireless card drivers. Also try using ethernet cable.

If the problem appears only on SSH try ssh'ing with -v parameter and paste here the output.


How to disable Steam check autostarting on every user login?

Found it in /var/lib/update-notifier/user.d/steam-install-notify.

Notice: it doesn't belong to any package.


How can I discover a wifi smartnet camera connected to the LAN by DHCP

You can use command-line tool nmap to do a simple scan which will show you IP address and Mac address of devices (assuming you know or can find the mac address of the camera). So if your local network is on 192.168.1.x you would run this command to scan all addresses in the range 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.255
sudo nmap -sn 192.168.1.0/24

Or if you are on 192.168.0.x then:
sudo nmap -sn 192.168.0.0/24

Install nmap with
sudo apt install nmap


Ubuntu 18.04: FontConfig update not possible (fc-cache: FcDirCacheCreateUUID)

After manually removing fontconfig:i386 I apparently solved by reinstalling it:

sudo apt-get install fontconfig:i386

No idea why this has worked but apparently it did.


How to make "open in terminal" in the right click menu use Terminator instead of gnome terminal?

The settings in gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec doesn't affect the behavior of the context menu entry. The used terminal is gnome-terminal and that's hard coded in libterminal-nautilus.so in the package gnome-terminal. And this library is used by Nautilus.

Perhaps this will be changed in future versions, but currently it is a fact.


The new Ubuntu upgrade (13.04) wont let me connect to wi-fi

This article helped me with my thinkpad t420

Install Broadcom b43 and b43-legacy wireless driver in Ubuntu 13.04 / 12.10 / 12.04
http://www.howopensource.com/2012/10/install-broadcom-b43-legacy-wireless-driver-in-ubuntu-12-10-12-04/


Ugly/Non Anti-Aliased fonts in Java-Swing Applications

This problem has long been fixed so I decided I should post the solution. Note that the problem is still there by default but it can be fixed by a parameter.

Adding this line:

_JAVA_OPTIONS='-Dawt.useSystemAAFontSettings=on -Dswing.aatext=true'

to /etc/environment fixes the issue.

This fix works as of Ubuntu 16.04 and OpenJDK 8u151 (haven't checked with Oracle JDK or Java 9).

Working example:

Note: Some fonts and AA settings complicate the problem. In jEdit, I use the default Java fonts ("Dialog" as it's called) for everything. You can probably use a different font for the Text-Area but Dialog is the best for buttons, etc. The best Text-Area AA setting I've found is standard but your mileage may vary.


I have never work before with an Microsoft SQL, but I think there is far simpler solution than change encoding of whole PHP script.

There is a function (mb_convert_encoding) which converts the character encoding of string, so I think you can build queries using it.

Check reference on PHP Documentation.


Best half mini PCI-E (laptop) Wireless card

I get the cheapest one I can find, look at the technical details, and check the chip for compatibility.

http://linuxwireless.org/

You can also google search the chip set and see if people are having problems or not on the major forums (Ubuntu, Debian, and Fedora). Generally the driver is in the kernel, so more dependent on kernel then distribution.


Since I got no replies I filed a bug report to the XFCE project. However, what I see is seemingly the lightdm-gtk-greeter. So a kind admin propagated my bug report to the proper project. It can now be found here.


Unable to use touchpad during Ubuntu installation

I am seeing this same issue with new Lenovo Ideapad 3 and V15 laptops. Please try to change grub settings according to this answer: https://askubuntu.com/a/1302468/9578


Trying to Install steam with property graphic drivers (Ubuntu 16.04.2)

Does mesa libs installed if yes delete them and install 375 in addinional drivers from main server and it should be fixed


Command-line control login remotely from another computer

You can use ssh. You'll need to install an ssh server on the remote machine:

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

You can then connect to the computer with:

ssh username@remote-pcs-ip


How do I set windows to boot as default in the boot loader? Unable to locate theme engine?

To get rid of the warning you must install the gtk2-engines-pixbuf package.

If that doesn't fix it you can use, for example, nano, is not as easy as gedit but you should be able to make the modifications the tutorial states.

Just type:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

navigate with the arrows, save with [Ctrl] + O  and exit with [Ctrl] + X


How to add openvpn connection in the GUI using .ovpn .p12 and .key files

Turns out I had ipv6 enabled, and because it wasn't configured correctly on my laptop the whole thing broke down. After disabling ipv6 in the ipv6 tab it works like a charm.

So as a tip for future users banging their head like I did; disable ipv6 when in doubt.

Regardless, I wish you all a beautiful day!


Duplicate copy of printer on Ubuntu 18.04

It's easy! Simply navigate your browser to the CUPS Admin page, http://localhost:631 and add a printer with the new name and characteristics, but the SAME device URI. I have a bash script and a couple of aliases that help me with multiple CUPS queues:

walt@bat:~(0)$ alias lpqa
alias lpqa='for i in $( lpstat -a | cut -f1 "-d " ) ; do  lpq -P $i; done'
walt@bat:~(0)$ alias lpqac
alias lpqac='for i in $( lpstat -a | cut -f1 "-d " ) ; do  lpq -P $i| egrep -v "no entries" | $HOME/bin/rcg "is not ready" BRIGHT_RED "is ready" BRIGHT_GREEN; done'

~/bin/cupsswitch:

#!/bin/bash
# Walt Sullivan, Walt Sullivan Software, Ltd.

# determine my name
me=$0
me=${me##*/}

declare -i debug=0
declare -i verbose=0

# -h or --help
help () {
    cat <<EOF
${me} [-h|--help] [-v|--verbose] newqueue
${me}: Tell CUPS to disable the current  print queue and enable newqueue.
EOF
    exit 2
}

# from /usr/share/doc/util-linux/examples/getopt-parse.bash 2015-Sep-06
# # Note that we use `"$@"' to let each command-line parameter expand to a
# # separate word. The quotes around `$@' are essential!
# # We need TEMP as the `eval set --' would nuke the return value of getopt.

TEMP=`getopt -o dhv --long debug,help,verbose \
     -n 'cupsswitch.bash' -- "$@"`

if [[ $? != 0 ]] ; then echo "${me} --help for help." >&2 ; exit 1 ; fi

# Note the quotes around `$TEMP': they are essential!
eval set -- "$TEMP"

while true ; do
    case "$1" in
        -d|--debug) debug=1; shift;;
        -h|--help) help; shift;;
        -v|--verbose) verbose=1; shift;;
        --) shift; break;;
        *) echo "Internal error! ${me} --help for help";exit 1;;
    esac
done
if [[ $# -ne 1  ]] ; then
    help
fi

newqueue="$1"

lpstat -p | egrep -q "^printer $newqueue "
if [[ ${PIPESTATUS[1]} != 0 ]] ; then
    echo "Cannot switch to $newqueue - not a printer" >&2
    exit 3
fi

for p in $(lpstat -p | grep enabled | awk '{print $2}') ; do
    [[ $verbose -ne 0 ]] && printf "Disabling $p\n"
    cupsdisable $p
done

[[ $verbose -ne 0 ]] && printf "Enabling $newqueue\n"
cupsenable $newqueue

[[ $verbose != 0 ]] && lpstat -p | egrep -B1 "ready to print"
[[ $verbose != 0 ]] && lpstat -p | egrep "is idle"
exit 0

For rcg: Regex Colored Glasses see the O'Reilly Linux Server Hacks book, or https://stackoverflow.com/questions/981601/colorized-grep-viewing-the-entire-file-with-highlighted-matches/1056786#1056786


Keeping multiple terminal windows in focus

Try Terminator. It allows you to split the terminal window (You can also have tabs and separate windows).

You can install terminator from your current terminal with this command:

sudo apt-get install terminator

Or you can search 'terminator' in Ubuntu Software Centre (or Synaptic).


You could use awk here:

awk 'FNR==1{ header=$0;next} {print >"file"header}' filexx*

Will produce one or more new files concatenating files with having same headers in first line:

$ cat file1945
Zenon

$ cat file1950
Frank
Church
James
McClure
Bob

Explanations with including quotes from awk documentation:

The pre-defined built-in variable FNR is the current record number in the current file. awk increments FNR each time it reads a new record (see Records). awk resets FNR to zero each time it starts a new input file. So when we do FNR==1 means we only take action and get that line when it's very first line of current file and save its contents into a variable called header.

The next statement forces awk to immediately stop processing the current record and go on to the next record. This means that no further rules are executed for the current record, and the rest of the current rule’s action isn’t executed, so the next time FNR!=1 and this will cause to awk execute the next block which is redirecting the print output (records/lines) into the file named file#### (#### will substitute with the value of header variable; remember you need to have quoted the part of the filename that it's a string.

We used single-‘>’ redirection here. When this type of redirection is used, the output-file is erased before the first output is written to it. Subsequent writes to the same output-file do not erase output-file, but append to it. (This is different from how you use redirections in shell scripts.) If output-file does not exist, it is created.


Desktop Files don't seem to use $PATH correctly

The tilde doesn't get expanded in .pam_environment the way it would in a profile script, and desktop files don't do shell expansion on their Exec lines the way the shell would, so it's looking for a file that's literally named ~/usr/bin/eclipse, which of course doesn't exist.

Replace the tilde in the PATH assignment with ${HOME} and it seems to work.


Subdomain always redirects to main domain in ubuntu

You need to create a separate DNS record for each of the main domain and the subdomain.  In other words, you need two A records - one for the main domain and another for the subdomain.


smartphone-like / touch-device behavior in Chromium 41 and Opera browsers in VirtualBox

The solution proposed in Chromium Issue 465660 worked for me.
Go to Terminal and run

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop

Find this line in the file:

Exec=chromium-browser %U

Then replace it with:

Exec=chromium-browser --touch-devices=123 %U


Segmentation fault (core dumped) using matplotlib on Ubuntu Mate 16.04

I had the same issue.
Turns out the order in which to import your modules was the problem.
If I import all matplotlib modules first, problem was solved


Mobile broadband device was detected before but now not any more

Try removing and reinserting the SIM card, my broadband modem does the same from time to time.


There is no policykit agent running.

sudo apt install --reinstall policykit-1-gnome

Make a reboot.

I could swear the agent would startup with your desktop-session, after reboot.

sorry for link add application on startup

I don't use gnome3 for about 2 years.


Is it normal that the installation takes more than 2 hours?

When I recently installed Ubuntu 11.10 on my desktop, it took a long time too because I had selected to download and install updates during initial install.  For what it's worth, my install was 3+ hours long and I have a fairly quick cable modem connection.

Should I reboot the computer?

No, just let it sit for a while and it should come back.
If you're interested, you can use CTRL-ALT-F1 to get to a text console and tail the install log to see if it is stuck at some step.
If it does get powered off, you should be able to re-start the installation and it should be fine.  If you do restart, don't select the updates option - it should go much faster since it will only use the DVD install media files.


It looks like you have written this on windows, and when you create a new line in windows it inserts \r, but bash doesn't understand that.

Look Here to see how to remove it.


After using tablet mode touchpad and keyboard not responding on Aspire R13 - Ubuntu 15.10

I have a brand new R13 and am having the same problem. I'm not sure what is turning the touchpad and keyboard off. I suspect it is the laptop itself, and linux doesn't know it is happening.

I have a partial fix that may help you. I wish I had a full solution.

The following script will restore your keyboard and possibly your touchpad. If the touchpad is not restored, then Fn+t will turn it back on:

#!/bin/sh
[ "root" != "$USER" ] && exec sudo $0 "$@"
lsmod |grep hid|cut -f1 -d" "|xargs -n1 rmmod
udevadm trigger
sleep 1
xinput|grep SYN1B|cut -f2 -d"="|cut -f1|xargs -n1 xinput --enable

There is a wrinkle though. It may need to ask for your password to run as root. In my case, I have a onscreen keyboard (like onboard, or cellwriter) so that I can enter the my password. An external keyboard works too.

Strangely, I have found that after running the above script once, my laptop is no longer disabling the screen and touchpad. I don't have time to see if it's a one-off thing, or happens every time.

I have limited time to play, though, so this partial answer is what I have for now. Here's hoping it helps someone come up with a complete solution.

Later edit as requested: The script removes all kernel device drivers that had HID (Human Interface Device) in the name, which includes the touchpad drivers, digitizer pen, keyboard, etc., and then tells udev to trigger the installation of any missing device drivers, which reinstalls them. This hopefully resets the drivers for those devices (and gets the keyboard back). Then we wait a second, get a list of X input devices and specifically enable the one that corresponds to the touchpad. This gets the touchpad back unless it's disabled by the laptop itself, in which case Fn+t on the (now working) keyboard gets it back.

Line by line:

1: Use /bin/sh shell to run script
2: If we aren't root, sudo and rerun the script
3: List all modules, remove modules with "hid" in the name
4: Insert modules for any devices for which drivers are not present
5: Wait 1 second
6: List X input devices, find one with SYN1B in the name, enable it.

It's a brute force solution, but it's a start. I'll do a better job narrowing down the problem later, when I'm not moving to another continent. :)


Set Icons themes to Adwaita (default) then refresh gnome desktop (alt+f2 then type r then press enter). Also if you're using custom Shell theme, change it to default then do the Icon change and change shell theme beck (if you want to). Also try hovering over the icons if it doesn't cha


How to compile and integrate ffmpeg with openssl support?

I have finally managed to get the ffmpeg cross compiled with openssl support,
The below git link is what i used.
The instructions are given in the readme file .
https://github.com/Khang-NT/ffmpeg-binary-android


Dynamically reboot server periodically using cronjob

You can use the dow, or Day of Week, part of the crontab syntax, to execute the command on every occurrence of a particular day, using numbers in the form:

0-6 Sunday to Saturday
1-7 Monday to Sunday

Or even shortened word notation such as WED or THU for Wednesday or Thursday
# m h  dom mon dow   command
00 07 * * 5 your-command-here

The example above would run the command at 7:00 am every Friday


How can I prevent a user from navigating out of their home folder with SFTP?

You will need to setup a root jail (commonly called a chroot) for the user logging in to your server. The SSH daemon (which handles incoming sftp traffic) has a ChrootDirectory property which can do this.

Though it is no detailed step by step guide, this other question on AskUbuntu may get you on your way. A step by step walkthrough is provided in this article.


All images are gone after open a doc file created by libreoffice writer

It seems you've hit one of those cases where LibreOffice barfs on .doc/.docx files and doesn't save some data.

Try this:

Save .doc template as .odt (OpenDocument) format
Edit the .odt.
After you've done editing save the .odt (it should save fine)
Save the file as .doc or .rtf.
If it still doesn't work, and you need to save the file as .doc, you'll have to open the .odt file in a computer with Microsoft Office 2010 and save it as .doc.

Keep in mind that LibreOffice is only guaranteed to work without issues with OpenDocument files (and maybe .pdf files), it still has issues when dealing with Microsoft Office files.


Push e-mail for mail clients instead of timed polling?

Nylas n1 is worth a try , I gave up on all the other Linux mail clients because of their low grade handling of IMAP disconnection. Nylas processes your mail and pushes it at the client.


What's the difference between ssh and openssh packages?

Ok... Simple:  Let's ask the package manager aptitude search ssh.  You will get a rather large output, but I'll pick a few for you:

i A openssh-client                  - secure shell (SSH) client, for secure acce
p   openssh-server                  - secure shell (SSH) server, for secure acce
p   ssh                             - secure shell client and server (metapackag
v   ssh-client                      -
v   ssh-server                      -

That is my desktop and it doesn't have a ssh server. It does have a client.  See the first letter?  Here you see three different ones: i, p and v.  They stand for installed, purged and virtual.  Installed is obvious, the program is there.  purged means not installed, if you remove a program completely, it is called purging and that is indistinguishable from a program that has never been installed.  Finally, there is virtual.  Those are not real packages but point to one or more packages to be installed.

As you can see in the description ssh is a normal package which will install the client and the server.  Let's ask the package manager what exactly it means:  aptitude show ssh, which will give you:

Package: ssh
State: not installed
Version: 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.8
Priority: optional
Section: net
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Architecture: all
Uncompressed Size: 29,7 k
Depends: openssh-client (>= 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.8), openssh-server (>= 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.8)
Description: secure shell client and server (metapackage)
 This metapackage is a convenient way to install both the OpenSSH client and the OpenSSH server. It provides nothing in and of itself, so you
 may remove it if nothing depends on it.
Homepage: http://www.openssh.org/

The description is pretty straightforward, but you can gather more information from it than just the description.  There is a line starting with Depends.  That means, "in order to install this package the following packages must also be installed".  Now look at that: it installs both openssh-client and openssh-server.

So, what is the difference?  aptitude install openssh-server will install only, and only openssh-server.  aptitude install ssh will both install openssh-server and openssh-client, but unless you have a very strange configuration, you almost certainly already have openssh-client.

So practically?  There is no difference... but you got to learn something about packages today.


Panel (top bar) date format not reflecting Language & Region Settings (Ubuntu 18.04 Minimal Installation)

It seems to be an issue with GNOME shell.

But you can override the date format using a GNOME shell extension called Clock override. It lets you

  Override the Gnome Shell clock with a new time format or text of your choice.

It supports Python's strftime format (so you'll be able to set your preferred "%d/%m/%y" format to display).


I think it's been blocked by rfkill. Try using this command to unblock it.

rfkill unblock bluetooth

If it is successful, then have a look at /etc/default/tlp file. Most probably, TLP is blocking bluetooth. There should be a line like this

DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_STARTUP="wifi bluetooth"

Edit the file and remove bluetooth from there. Then bluetooth will be available from startup.

Also make sure, you have enabled all hardware switches.


Can I launch the GRUB loader after I have loaded Ununtu?

grub is a boot loader so is only executed during boot.

The term 'dual boot' means you can boot more than one operating system yes, but only one will run at a time (the bootloader is used to select which will run).

To run another OS inside a different OS, usually a VM or virtual-machine is used.


This happened to me when I installed the Google Mail Checker Extension. Removed the extension, and the problem went away.


How do I install dkms package without internet?

I would assume whatever guide you followed says to use the command sudo apt install dkms. If you cannot tether to a phone or other device, as suggested by Jeremy31, you can download the .deb file manually from The Ubuntu packages website for the appropriate version, and copy it via a flash drive. You can then install it with sudo apt install /media/flashDriveName/package.deb.


Ctrl+V is not paste in nano, or most other terminal applications.

Nano's own manual is a good read regarding keyboard shortcuts in nano, and most of them are displayed at bottom of screen. Note that ^ generally means Ctrl, so ^v is Ctrl+v

You can also press ^g to get help in nano. This will give you a overview of functionality and key combinations that you can use within the editor.

To cut a line in nano, use ^k, and paste it with ^u. You can also paste into a terminal using middle click, or your terminal emulators paste function.

^v is next page in nano, and ^h is backspace (delete character to the left of the cursor).

This question covers how to paste into a terminal.


How to hide zip files in a jpg file in Ubuntu?

Hiding secret information in images is a topic of steganography. Some linux tools which deal with hiding information in images:

steghide (sudo apt-get install steghide)
stepic (sudo apt-get install python-stepic)
outguess(sudo apt-get install outguess)

Using steghide:

Steghide supports BMP and JPG images. To embed a secret.zip file in a cover.jpg and make a new file for the embedded jpg use

steghide --embed -ef secret.zip -cf cover.jpg -sf embedded.jpg

steghide will prompt for a password, type in one, this will be needed to recover the secret. After this you can view embedded.jpg just like a normal picture, you won't really notice that it is manipulated.

To recover the secret run

steghide --extract -sf embedded.jpg

Type in the password and your secret will be recovered with its original name, secret.zip.

An important thing to know that an image can only contain a certain amount of secret data, since putting a lot of data into the image would need too much manipulations on the image and the image will be no more like the original. To view how much secret data can steghide embed in a certain image, run:

steghide --info cover.jpg

For other features of steghide look in man steghide.

With python-stepic you use these commands:

for embedding:

stepic --encode -t secret.zip -i cover.png -o embedded.png

for extracting:

stepic --decode -i embedded.png -o recovered.zip

stepic uses the Python Image Library so it should work with most of the image formats, but png is recommended for the output image format by the authors. For more info on stepic go here.


Hearthstone graphics glitch (shadows on Blackrock board)

This is actually for problems with the battle.net launcher, but maybe it will help you as well to start with OpenGL? Unsure if it then changes launching Hearthstone as well...:

https://www.reddit.com/r/linux_gaming/comments/32u25q/battlenet_on_wine_not_working/cqempxt


How to move data from SSD to HDD - Ubuntu 18.04

The ssd will have your system files including /home, /home/$USER/ and all your personal files in there. The hdd will be mounted at a mountpoint.  I used /discworld as an example and it will look like this (important: everywhere I use "discworld" you need to change it to your mount point):

/
/discworld

Open a terminal and 1st make a backup of your /home/$USER/

sudo chmod -R $USER:$USER /discworld
cd ~
tar cvz /home/backup /home/$USER/*
cp ~.config/user-dirs.dirs ~.config/user-dirs.dirs.old

That last one is a settings file that points to all your user directories and we will use this.
The 2nd one is a backup of your current files. If you have a lot of videos that might be a large file so if you are confident to do without a backup feel free. But it is recommended ;)
The chmod will change the permissions of your hdd to your user.
Confirm with ls that it will show directories like Pictures, Downloads (they might be in a different language if you do not use English) and you are in the correct place before proceeding.

Before moving your files all over do a ...

gedit ~.config/user-dirs.dirs

and change the directories to this

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="/discworld/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="/discword/Downloas"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="/discworld/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="/discworld/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="/discworld/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="/discworld/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="/discworld/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="/discworld/Videos"

Save it and then move all your directories to the mount point:

mv -R Documents Music Pictures Templates Videos Desktop Downloads  Public /discworld/

On the desktop do a control-f5 or a "organize desktop by name" and it will reload the desktop. In your "files" (Nautilus) you can replace the defaults with the new directories.

If you ever decide to re-install: format / and /home but MOUNT the HDD without a format and it will automatically add the mount point to your fresh installation.


How beginner-friendly are new versions of Ubuntu Studio? (details within)

The new versions are significantly more beginner friendly than in the past. Jack2, Pulseaudio and ALSA are preconfigured to work together and the audio configuration application (called Ubuntu studio controls) has an audio setup dialog where everything is easy to reconfigure and restart.

In the past and in other distributions I used custom shell scripts for such things, here it just works. Carla is included and set up so that you can visually connect hardware devices, inputs, outputs and virtual plugins.

There is a nice handbook that can get you started, you can look into it and see how things are setup. - https://ubuntustudio.org/audio-handbook/ (the link is visible from the official web-site homepage)

The only thing you need to check is if the specific hardware you have or that you want to use in the future, works at all under linux. For this I would recommend checking the forums on https://linuxmusicians.com/ (where there is already a recent discussion on Scarlett 18i20) and also the http://opensourcemusician.com/index.php?title=Main_Page (and the freenode IRC channel #opensourcemusicians linked from the website).

In the end, you can always check if you like and if things work before installing, by running it live from a boot-able USB stick (or DVD if you prefer). Just download the latest official version from https://ubuntustudio.org/ and use the standard procedure to create a  boot-able stick describet at https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/tutorial-create-a-usb-stick-on-windows. Currently the pre-release version 20.04 due to be released in April is under wider testing, check https://ubuntustudio.org/2020/03/ubuntu-studio-20-04-testing-week/ on how to get it.


Crash when maximizing Thunderbird on 13.10

Actually, Its a Bug, here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/1244754
It will be soon fixed in Ubuntu 14.04. So, You must use Evolution instead of Thunderbird.

To install Evolution mail press the SuperKey and type: software center.

When the software center is open follow these steps:

In the search field type: evolution mail
Select the search result
Click on the More Info button
Mark the plugins you want to install
Click on the Install button
Enter your password
Click on the Authenticate button

When Evolution mail is installed you can close the software center. To start Evoilution       mail press the SuperKey and type: evolution.


How do I install Flash Player 11 debug version in 11.10?

You need to copy libflashplayer.so to either ~/.mozilla/plugins or /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins. If you choose the first option, the debug version will only be available for your user. The usr folder in the archive is just the settings manager, a program for changing preferences and settings.


i know what is the problem with my sound in ubuntu 15.04 but i don't know how to fix it?

The issue here was the volume levels in alsa were muted.

Open a terminal and run

alsamixer

Find the output you want to use and if it says mm underneath it is muted, just press m to unmute it.

If the audio quality is poor try adjusting other outputs levels in alsamixer until it sounds good.

If all else fails, switch the sound to pulse audio

Install this software to get a set of applications for audio management

sudo apt-get install paman pavucontrol

Search pulse in dash to find what was installed, setting the sound device in pavucontrol should set you to pulse audio.


I don’t want to View Photos or Listen to Music from the Dash, how can I change them to something I will use?

There is currently no way to do this in 11.04.

Right now the categories on the first row are hardcoded and the 2nd row is hard coded to the browser, photo app, mail, and music player that the user has set.


wlan0 is missing, shows lo instead (14.04)

You're probably missing the non-free Linux firmware package. To install, run

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree


GRUB- error: no such partition grub rescue and Error: No default or UI configuration directive found  boot > on pendrive

Put your USB in the port, boot from it.
When it displays Error: No default or UI configuration directive found , press Tab key twice quickly. This will show you the available options. such as live, local etc
Type live and Hit Enter to enter to the Live Session.
Then install Ubuntu from there.

Install Ubuntu & Win7 side by side


Uninstall Firefox 4 from the software Center.
Download Firefox from  Firefox and install it.

See this Question and this Question for installation.
If you want you can lock the current version of Firefox by going to Synaptic :

So you will not get notified of an upgrade in the update manager of a newer version of Firefox.


how to type special characters in wijesekara layout ?

By using the numeric code point feature. Basicially replace Alt with Ctrl+Shift+U.


issue setting a password before erasing ssd in what seems like the proper way

Unless you need to destroy the data on the hard disk (to make it irrecoverable by data recovery software), you don't need to secure erase; simply formatting the drive should be adequate.

That said, when you type the command, be sure to replace the entire <password> phrase, including < and > characters. For example, if you want the password to be hunter2, the command would look like:

sudo hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass hunter2 /dev/sda


.bashrc and .bash_profile not created with adduser but created with useradd

This behavior of adduser is due to the option --system. With this option you are create a system user, with UID under 1000. From man adduser:

  If called with one non-option argument and the --system option, adduser will add a system user... A home directory is created by the same rules as for normal users. The new system user will have the shell /bin/false (unless overridden with the --shell option), and have logins disabled. Skeletal configuration files are not copied.

The skeletal configuration files are these files, located in /etc/skel, that are copied do the user's home directory when a new normal user is added to the system.

If you want to add a normal user, by default, you do need to add any options to adduser, just use:

sudo adduser username

On the other hand, if you want to create fully qualified normal user by adduser you need to add few additional options, for example -m to create user's home directory and copy the content of /etc/skel.

Read also: At what point is the ~/.bashrc file created?


How to install Ubuntu in Android Tablet? Can I remove the Android OS from the EEE Pad transformer?

Please look at How to install Ubuntu on an Asus EEEPad Transformer.

However, this is not really a question for Ask Ubuntu. The method of doing this is experimental, fast changing and is not suitable for Ask Ubuntu. The wiki article was only created this month.

Also see Ubuntu on the Transformer (eMMC install) and Ubuntu on the transformer.


Failed to load module fglrx (module does not exist 0) on Backtrack 5

Try:

sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-amdcccle

If that doesn't work:

sudo apt-get purge xorg-driver-fglrx fglrx*
sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-amdcccle

If that doesn't work then there's definetley something wrong with the driver or possibly your hardware (not likeley).

sudo apt-get purge xorg-driver-fglrx fglrx*
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri fglrx-modaliases
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

...And (you will probrably need this in the future and it told system settings what driver I was using) install mesa-utils.

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils


How should I convert ext4 to F2FS for main system usage?

Warning: You may not be able to boot into  a desktop  environment due to F2FS lack of support for selinux, As far as a know, archlinux supoort f2fs as root partition, Fedora linux will always fail, please search before do it

First, You should create a ext4 partition of 512MB for /boot and a f2fs partition for /, I should notice you that F2FS could not shrink size, I suggest you make a partition just a few gigabytes larger then your original size

Then copy /boot and / to new location

# rsync -aAXv /boot /path/to/newboot/folder
# rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} / /path/to/newroot/folder

Modify new fstab file, change uuid to new partition, you could execute blkid to check your new partition's uuid

Execute update-grub to generate new boot options

If you stacked in rootfs, try use fallback img to boot

When you boot into the new system, reinstall grub by execute grub-install


PowerEdge R510 can't boot to 20.04 after install

The solution is stupidly simple.
The Dell PERC 6i and PERC 6iR RAID controllers can create VDs bigger than 2.2TB but do not handle the large VDs correctly after OS installation.
So, when your system is equiped with a PERC 6i(R) RAID controller, create a RAID volume with a total size smaller than 2.2TB.
When configuring a RAID 5 of 6 disks of 600GB, the VD size is 2.7TB. Installing OSs like Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora or Red Hat Virtualisation Hypervisor runs fine.
But after reboot, the system lands at a grub> prompt.
This behaviour is the same for BIOS and UEFI systems.
After I created a RAID 5 with only 4 disks of 600GB (RAID size of 1.8TB) and installed any of the above OSs, the system booted normally.
Happy GNU/Linux,
Thierry


My media storage HDD is constantly spinning in my laptop even when I'm not using that

This might help you:
find /{mount point} -mount -newer /proc -print

Note: Be sure to change {mount point} to the proper location where the disk partitions are mounted. For example: /home/robert
This command will list all of the files modified since boot on the physical device of the /{mount point} file system. If you can identify which files are being accessed then you may be able to determine which process(es) is/are responsible for the issue.

Talk to the Drive
If the output of the find command is empty or lists files that have not been updated in hours/days/weeks/etc., then the lack of idle sleep could be the result of the device's power management settings not allowing an automatic spin down.
You can query the device's Advanced Power Management value like this:
sudo hdparm -B /dev/sdb

You could see something like this:
/dev/sdb:
 APM_level  = 128

From the hdparm documentation for the -B option:

Get/set  Advanced  Power  Management feature, if the drive supports it. A low value means aggressive power management  and  a  high  value  means  better  performance. Possible  settings  range  from  values 1 through 127 (which permit spin-down), and values 128 through 254 (which do not permit  spin-down).   The  highest  degree  of power  management  is attained with a setting of 1, and the highest I/O performance with a setting of 254.  A value of 255  tells  hdparm  to  disable  Advanced  Power Management altogether on the drive (not all drives support disabling it, but most do).

For the drive queried above, it returned a value of 128, which means that "spin down is not permitted". However, you can change this by setting a value after -B:
sudo hdparm -B 64 /dev/sdb

This will (hopefully) result in the following output:
/dev/sdb:
 setting Advanced Power Management level to 0x40 (64)
 APM_level  = 64

At this point, the drive will be permitted to spin down. Feel free to change the Advanced Power Management value to anything between 1 (very aggressive power management) and 127 (less aggressive, but still allowing spin-down). At this point, the system should start to honour the -S 12 spin-down setting.
Hope this gives you what you're looking for.


Pause music with bluetooth headset button

Well, since I can't promote fossfreedom's comment, I'll repost it ;-)

This is a bug, currently assigned to unity-settings-daemon: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity-settings-daemon/+bug/1397142


Ubuntu Hyper-V doesn't allocate dynamic memory

I've been having the same problem. It still isn't fixed, but the virtual servers run much better with a static allocation of RAM.


Problem with AngularJS and jQuery libraries in Ubuntu SDK - HTML 5 App

I have solved my issue. The problem was caused from the library version of AngularJS. I have changed the library, and now all works fine.

Thank you.


36 SYNs in a row. How to limit Firefox connections to one website?

Try disabling the race cache with network (RCWN) feature in Firefox.

  The Race Cache With Network (RCWN) feature in Necko adds the ability to race the cache with the network when the cache is slow. So if reading from the disk is slow, we will send a network request, and return the channel from the network, even though we have the entry in the cache. This way we provide the content to consumers faster.

An answer by David Balažic to "How to turn off network probing in Firefox?" on Stack Overflow stated that RCWN can cause exactly the sort of misbehavior I was seeing.

I opened Wireshark, recorded my connections to this website using the host example.com capture filter, switched back to Firefox, opened Web Developer > Network (Ctrl+Shift+E), and browsed around until I hit a page that caused Wireshark to show ten or more SYNs for one page view. Whenever this happened, things like 174 B (raced), 336 B (raced), and 248 B (raced) showed up in the log. I opened about:config, changed network.http.rcwn.enabled to false, and browsed some more. The misbehavior ceased.

I can understand how RCWN might help on a 5400 or 7200 RPM mechanical HDD with heavy file traffic going on in other applications, particularly on an operating system where real-time antivirus is the norm. But because my Xubuntu laptop has a Samsung SSD, I highly doubt that I need RCWN.

The excessive connections generated by RCWN have been reported to Mozilla as bug 1622859.


How to disable Zend Server CE auto start?

Zend Server CE installs a run script in /etc/init.d/zend-server (which is in fact a symlink to /usr/local/zend/bin/zendctl.sh).  The easiest way how to stop Zend Server CE from starting is to remove the symlink, e.g.:

rm /etc/init.d/zend-server

That way the original file will be kept on your system, but it will not run at startup.

[Edit]: If you want the service back just symlink it back:

ln -s /usr/local/zend/bin/zendctl.sh /etc/init.d/zend-server


Setting up Apache2 VirtualHost to run multiple sites locally Ubuntu 16.04

The content of your configuration file looks good. The problem is the filename - my-site.com. The configuration file must end with .conf, otherwise it wouldn't be included in the Apache's configuration by the directive IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf in the main conf. file /etc/apache2/apache2.conf. So:

# remove the previously created symbolic link
sudo rm /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/my-site.com

# rename the configuration file
sudo mv /etc/apache2/sites-available/my-site.com{,.conf}

# enable the configuration file (create the symlink); use 'a2dissite' to disable
sudo a2ensite my-site.com.conf

# restart Apache2:
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service

Don't forget to flush your browser's cache and try to access your site.


There are a couple software tools to do this in a GUI:

RescueTime [Paid]Allows tracking of user activity, what apps they're using, etc.
arbtt [Free]Allows tracking of what applications are open and for how long. Most similar to RescueTime, but free.

For the commandline, you can track .bash_history and record all the commands executed.

However, you must trust your users. Anything you install can (pretty easily) be disabled by the end-users to hide their true activity and time.


Implications of manual server time change

No. SSH does not care about time.

Only service I know which cares about time is kerberos (also if you are using kerberos authentication in SSH, or some kind of IDM - IPA, or so). But somebody might point out some more troublesome.

Another drawback would be in log files. I know that rsyslog had some problems when playing with time, but it is probably not serious.


Is there a LibreOffice equivalent to microsofts office themes?

Yes, there is.

First create what you want your slide to look like, with the colours and fonts all correct. Then go to File -> Templates -> Save.

Give it a name, then click OK. The window will disappear. Then go to File -> Templates -> Organize.

A new window will open. Double click on the My Templates folder (on the left), then select by clicking the template you just made.

Click on Commands -> Set as Default Whenever you open a new LibreOffice Impress file, all the fonts / shapes / colours that you've set just now will be configured.

If you then send these instructions, along with the Impress template (saved in /home/USERNAME/Templates) to everyone else who need the style, you will all be using the same one.


Ubuntu Installation hangs on 1.5yr old PC?

I would suggest that there's something awry somewhere, check the download and burn.

You shouldn't have any trouble installing it to a 'newish' machine

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuHashes

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/CDIntegrityCheck


how can I enable wobbly windows without using CCSM

Well I just did this thing and it worked for me.
Here's the way:

You must have gconf-editor, known as Configuration Editor to enable wobbly plugin without using CCSM.
Once you have it installed, browse to /apps/compiz-1/general/screen0/options/.
Open active_plugins. And first, you have to remove snap plugin. It's to prevent crashing.
After that, you just have to add wobbly plugin, the one you wanted.
Enjoy.


Momentary freezes about every 60 seconds

The problem was in the fact that, while my Ubuntu was installed on SSD, my videos and music where residing on WD Green HDD. These HDDs are known for their very aggressive power saving features. So, HDD sometimes managed to fall into suspend between video frames, and then player could not retrieve the next frame in time.
I have sidestepped the  problem by turning on video caches for local files.


Try to re-download the .iso file from here, or wherever you downloaded it from. Then try to burn that disc image to the disc and try again. May I ask why you are using 14.02.2 instead of 14.04, 14.10, or 15.04?


One option is to move your /home to another drive.  Just make sure that you enough room on the new drive, and then check out Partitioning/Home/Moving.

Note: when dealing with partitions, and drives, make sure that you have a current backup just in case.


I usually use the hostname, set via $PS1. However, if you'd take the trouble, you can start using GNU screen and then you could define a function like so:

function ssh-title () {
    host="${@: -1}"  # You could customize it to make it identify the hostname better
    IP=$(host "$host" | awk '/has address/ { print $4 }')
    echo -ne '\033]0;'"$host"' - '"$IP"'\007'
    screen ssh "$@"
}

Explanation:

Even if you set a title from your local shell, it may get overwritten by the remote shell settings. screen doesn't directly let the remote shell do this, and you have to customize it to allow it do so, making it easier for you to set a title locally and stick to it.
Look up IP from hostname, while considering the last parameter as the hostname, and set it as the title. I had to do a bit of trial and error before I got a right echo string. You might have to do it too.
Finally, use screen to start a session with the ssh command. The session ends when the command exits.

You can customize this in various ways. For example, you may save the hostnames and IPs in a file and read from it (kinda like the ssh_config) (and maybe save other things for the title, like usernames).

Now use ssh-title some.host to connect. I think this is the only way you can do this without editing anything server side.


It would seem that your configuration is broken somehow. You should try deleting all your settings for gnome3 and/or Unity. There is a very good explanation of this in the answer to this question:

How do I reset GNOME to the defaults?


NetBeans requires Java 8 to run. It's doesn't support Java 10 at the moment. As for your second question, I'd start with Java 8 also.

EDIT: Installation procedures

Add ppa repo

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

SRC: Launchpad.net

This is supposed to work for 18.04 and 18.10

Download Netbeans 8.2 installer. It's a bash shell script ending in .sh. Make sure it has executable permissions.

Navigate to your Netbeans installer download folder and open a console and type:

./netbeans-8.2-linux.sh

SRC: Netbeans.org

Follow the onscreen prompts for the installation. Refer to the appropriate links I've provided should you have any troubles.


Full Description of different Tasksel Kubuntu options?

Q:

  what's the difference between kubuntu-full and kubuntu-desktop?

MetaPackages

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MetaPackages

  One of the handy features of apt (the packaging system used by Ubuntu)
  is the use of metapackages. These packages do not contain actual
  software, they simply depend on other packages to be installed...

kubuntu-desktop

http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/kubuntu-desktop

apt-cache show kubuntu-desktop

Description: Kubuntu Plasma Desktop/Netbook system
 This package depends on all of the packages in the Kubuntu desktop system.
 Installing this package will include the default Kubuntu Plasma Desktop or
 Netbook installation.

kubuntu-full

http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/kubuntu-full

apt-cache show kubuntu-full

Description: Full Kubuntu Plasma Desktop/Netbook system
 This package depends on all of the packages in the Kubuntu DVD for a very
 complete system.  Installing this package will include much more than the
 default Kubuntu Plasma Desktop or Netbook installation.


ALERT! /dev/disk/by-uuid/... does not exist (after lvextend and aptitude upgrade)

the solution was to run lvm tool to activate the inactive logical volume. After exiting initramfs system was able to boot again.

After logging in it was necessary to run grub-update.


Mercurial no color in commands after doing su

Sounds like a simple configuration issue. You successfully got colored ls output after copying suitable .bashrc and .profile files to the other user's (e.g., www-data) home directory. Obtaining colored output in mercurial should presumably be as simple as additionally copying a suitable .hgrc file.

Also see the mercurial man page.


Ubuntu server upgrade 11.04 to 11.10 fails

My upgrade  to 11.10 finally worked! Here's the post-mortem:

Over the weekend, I did some more searching for similar problems--specifically 404 errors while upgrading. This page among others suggested that it might just be a temporary problem with the mirror site. Okay, I thought, I'll try changing mirrors when I get in on Monday.

The first thing I tried to do Monday was install a software package. It failed, of course--this problem affects apt-get just as much as do-release-upgrade. Just for kicks, I ran apt-get update again, just to watch it fail--but this time it succeeded. I was able to install my package. Next I ran apt-get dist-upgrade; it still had some errors, but fewer than before. So today, I tried the do-release-upgrade--and it worked. Hooray!

FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Temporary problems with the mirror site(s)--either us.archive.ubuntu.com, or security.ubuntu.com, or both. It's also possible I had transient network issues, although I think that's less likely.

RECOMMENDED SOLUTION: Wait a couple weeks and try again. If that doesn't work, switch mirrors. (See the list of archive mirrors. I'm sure there are good online tutorials for how to switch, though I'm too lazy to look them up right now).

Hope this helps somebody. Now I'm off to see if I can get the upgrade to 12.04 to work! =^P


The spooled file can be viewed, printed, copied, etc.

The spooled file for CUPS request 123 is:

walt@bat:~(0)$ type cupsname
cupsname is a function
cupsname ()
{
    printf "%05d" "$1"
}
walt@bat:~(0)$ ls -l /var/spool/cups/d$(cupsname 123)-001

For the non-programmer:

Point your web browser to http://localhost:631/jobs (respond with your login userid and password, when prompted). Click the buttons "Show Completed Jobs" or "Show All Jobs"


list of package versions by ubuntu releases?

go to page Ubuntu Packages Search. this is Ubuntu official
packages website.
type package name in search box and select architecture and version
of Ubuntu and click on search
after clicking on search there will be Search in specific suite using that you can switch different version
there you can get package description , repository name etc.


Looking at the code, and I'm not an experienced FX developer, but it looks like the line "root.setTop(menuBar);" is locating the menu bar at the top of your container, not in the top row of the total display. I think some other command is necessary. I only have Java AWT and Swing experience and may be wrong.


Ubuntu file sharing server (with samba) using external hard drive

After lots of research i've found an answer. Decided to answer incase anyone else ever needs this:

So the best way to do this (i think) is to install ubuntu on the computer's hard drive and then use the external drive for file shares.

After installing ubuntu on the internal drive, format the external drive to ext4 (ext3 if you wish). You can do this from the command line. Create only one primary partition since this will be used for only file storage. Check out this link for how to format a drive from command line: http://www.ehow.com/how_5853059_format-linux-disk.html

Once you've done that, you need to mount the drive. Create a new folder in /media For example, we can call it "ext". Run "mkdir /media/ext". You're going to mount the drive to this folder.

Run "fdisk -l" to get the /dev/xxx name of the partition on the external hard drive. Lets say it's /dev/sdb1. Then, run "mount /dev/sdb1 /media/external" to mount the drive to the /media/external folder.

That's it. The drive has been partitioned.

Then, you can create your folders for your samba shares in the /media/ext folder and this will create them on the external drive. For example, If you run "mkdir /media/ext/Public", this would create a folder called Public on the drive. It could then point to /media/external/Public in the samba configuration file (path = /media/external/Public).

Hope it helps


Restart an application if taking lot of memory

Why would you want to use a script to do that? Close the application. Or, in the system monitor, end or kill the process. If you don't want to use the GUI, then you can open a terminal, run ps ax to find the process ID and use kill prosessid to end it. Use the -9 switch to use force, but avoid that whenever possible.


Would I need to reinstall OS after I inserted hard drive from one laptop to another

Ubuntu will work. But a few things you need to consider:

the video card driver. If you go from nVidia to AMD or the other way around you should remove the driver on the old system and re-install it when the disk is inserted.
going from 32-bit to a 64-bit system will work but a re-install might be better (so you get the benefit of 64-bit). The other way around (64->32)... just don't.


If usbfs has been deprecated, then why is /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usbfs directory present?

The deprecated usbfs refers to a pseudo-filesystem which was typically mounted under /proc/bus/usb and was completely removed from the kernel with the 3.5 release.

However the functionality provided by the old usbfs filesystem is still present, via sysfs and the “usbfs driver”.

So what was deprecated was the separate filesystem; the functionality survives in a different location, and isn’t deprecated.


I used kleopatra instead of kgpg to solve issue.


GUI ways
You can use the following GUI tools to change filesystem label.
GNOME Disks (gnome-disks, in older versions of ubuntu gnome-disk-utility)

Open it (in MATE - Applications -> Accessories -> Disks).
Select partition and unmount  (it is tooltip is Unmount selected partition)
Click on gears icon  (it is tooltip is Additional partition options)
Then select Edit Filesystem drop-down menu

Set filesystem label in opened window and click Change:

Gparted (gparted-pkexec)

Open it (in MATE - System -> Administration -> GParted).
Select proper disk in top right drop-down menu:

Select partition in list below

In Partition menu click Label File System, change Label

Click OK

Confirm operation by clicking on  (tooltip is Apply All Operations).


How to make Rhythmbox use Notification Area instead of Indicator Applet

In Rhythmbox, go to Edit > Plugins, and find the Status Icon plugin. Click configure. Change the Status Icon from "Never Visible" to "Always Visible." There are some other options there that you can play around with as well.

I'm not quite sure about how to remove it from the Sound Menu (I'm assuming you're talking about showing up when you click the Volume icon), but I would like to know the answer to this as well.


How should I install jpeg62 for Synfig Studio?

To install libjpeg62 whilst offline, you'll need to download the .deb files for all its dependencies (see Ubuntu Packages) that you don't already have installed as well as the package itself. You would also need all the sub-dependencies, so doing this by hand can quickly become tedious. If you go down that route, once you've downloaded all the .deb files and copied them onto your unconnected computer, install them by running the following in a terminal:

dpkg --install <filename1> <filename2> <etc...>

If you have no way of getting this computer connected to the Internet, though, you might want to look at the answers to this question if you are going to need to install anything else in future: How can I install software or packages without Internet (offline)?


Why does Software Center fail to open with a "could not get usefulness..." error?

The OP solved this by opening the terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T and typing:

rm -r ~/.cache/software-center

When doing this, it's very important to not accidentally have a space after ~ or the first /. If you do, it will remove all the files in your home directory, which generally includes all your documents!
An alternative command to run, which doesn't turn into such a bad thing when typed slightly wrong, is this:

cd ~/.cache; rm -r software-center


How to reduce screen brightness on Sony Laptop using Ubuntu 13.10?

Open the Terminal (ctrl+alt+T)
$ sudo apt-get install xbacklight
to increase the brightness 10% from the current value simply type

$ xbacklight -inc 10
to reduce the brightness 10% from the current value

$ xbacklight -dec 10
perhaps it's necessary to set the range (example below)

$ xbacklight -set 50


Operating system not found; can't dual-boot

As ask you Question very difficult to search your Question.
Your problem may be the BIOS problem.
you are first of all update your BIOS through this link
Or else also not solved problem the you Format whole HDD , that is very difficult because of important data but It is one of the solution.
then you First install the WIN 7/8.1 whatever you prefer and then you install Ubuntu.
as my suggestion you install Ubuntu 12.04 or 14.04 your problem will be solved.
if you are formatting whole HDD and not successfully format the you start live session & From a live session start Gparted Partition Editor from System -> Administration:

and then just delete all partition then you perform step no 4 in this solution.
If you have any problem with this answer must comment me...:)


How can I access my Ubuntu phone over ssh?

With the official final release Ubuntu for Phones ships the "android-gadget-service" tool with which you can manage adb, mtp, USB tethering and ssh.

Connect your device via USB, enable Developer Mode in:

"System-Settings->About This Phone->Developer Mode"

...and run (from your PC, make sure to have the phone screen unlocked, else adb will refuse to let you in):

adb shell android-gadget-service enable ssh

Copy your public key to the Phone:

adb shell mkdir /home/phablet/.ssh
adb push ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /home/phablet/.ssh/authorized_keys
adb shell chown -R phablet.phablet /home/phablet/.ssh
adb shell chmod 700 /home/phablet/.ssh
adb shell chmod 600 /home/phablet/.ssh/authorized_keys

Now you can look up your IP on the phone and use ssh to connect:

adb shell ip addr show wlan0|grep inet
ssh phablet@<IP from above command>


Chromium-browser always reports it didn't shut down properly

If the problem persists try removing rm -r ~/.config/chromium/


Can I program the F10 button on my keyboard to input .com?

This is not really related to Ubuntu itself, this related to the Web brwoser you are using.

For example you can get the Firefox shortcuts from here

Complete .com Address   Ctrl + Enter
Complete .net Address   Shift  + Enter
Complete .org Address   Ctrl  + Shift  + Enter

Toggle Menu Bar activation (showing it temporarily when hidden) Alt (KDE) or F10  (GNOME)

As you can see you already have a shortcut for your need which is Ctrl + Enter instead  Firefox uses the shortcut F10 to Toggle Menu Bar.

But if you really want to change the shortcut to meet your needs, you can find some extensions that help you, here is a link to Customizable Shortcuts firefox extension which is used to change the shortcuts:

  Allows to customize or disable most of the shortcuts offered by
  Firefox. This add-on does not allow to add new shortcuts, but it
  might help you discover new ones.

The same procedure can be done for other web browsers.


I believe I found the answer to your question here:

Two points:

You must be using a 64-bit kernel to use a filesystem > 16TB due to page cache limitation.
Version 1.41 and lower of e2fsprogs (used when formatting ext2/ext3/ext4 drives) will fail on volumes > 16TB due to software limitation.  Using a newer version of e2fsprogs will help.

In your case I think it's more likely to be the 32-bit kernel limitation.

Another option for you is simply to limit your volumes to 16 TB, for example if you don't want to run a 64-bit kernel.


bluetooth headset connects but not showing in sound settings

Try this command:

sudo -H pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover

I run this whenever I have paired, and successfully connected, but still can't see them in sound settings. It essentially tells pulseaudio to load reload it's list of bluetooth devices.


Where to re-build kernel from in http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/?

If you want to just use linus' tree and to tweak the config to your own perferences then here is a method I use:

git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux

checkout the version you require, e.g.

git checkout -b v3.6 v3.6

grab a copy of an existing Ubuntu config

cp /boot/config-3.5.0-17-generic .config

..and modify it to if you want to add or remove various config options. You probably need to interactively answer some config option questions too.

and build:

make oldconfig
make deb-pkg INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1

Note you won't be getting any of the Ubuntu kernel team fixes, CVE updates and SAUCE patches this way, so you are pretty well on your own to maintain this yourself.


You should create another Virtuabox Image with another name or delete that file George.vbox


This is possible through snapcraft. Have a look at https://developer.ubuntu.com/en/snappy/build-apps/snapcraft-advanced-features/ (and search for nodejs in the page). This should give you the first good hints for your next steps!


The touchpad and function keys for my Asus ROG didn't work when using kernel version 4.15. I tried all sorts of stuff, the only thing that worked for me was to update my kernel.
check your kernel version using

  $ uname -a

Now after updating my kernel to 5.1.5 (latest at the time of writing) the touchpad started working along with the function keys.

You can use ukuu to update your kernel or manually downloading and installing. I would suggest you use ukuu as it is very easy to use.

Check this link for more info https://rog.asus.com/forum/showthread.php?103220-Is-your-ELAN1200-touchpad-not-working-on-Linux-D

Note: Make sure i2c-hid is not blacklisted and no ACPI parameters are supplied to GRUB.


There is tamil in ubuntu ..Goto settings->language support-> install or remove language -> check Tamil ->apply


What happens when battery is fully charged in Ubuntu 18.04?

AFAIK The battery charging thresholds are hardware dependent.  There are some notable exceptions, such as the Thinkpad line of computers in which the upper level of battery charge can be set in Ubuntu, but controlling the rate of charge is usually performed by the laptop hardware.

As a thought exercise, what happens to your Windows laptop when Windows is off, but the computer is plugged into a wall?  Does it 'overcharge'?  Windows is not running (the computer is off).

If power management is a concern for your computer, consider using TLP


Run in terminal  sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf. Change the ip adress after nameserver as 8.8.8.8 or another dns server adress.
If you want to change dns in one command try this

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8">>resolv.conf

echo "sudo cp resolv.conf /etc/">>dns.sh.

You have created dns.sh. You can run the dns.sh with ./dns.sh to change dns easly.


Poor video quality on Ubuntu 17.04 with Radeon HD Graphics Card

Ok so first check what driver your system is currently using by running lshw -c video as root. The output should look like this:

  *-display
   description: VGA compatible controller
   product: Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller
   vendor: Intel Corporation
   physical id: 2
   bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
   version: 02
   width: 64 bits
   clock: 33MHz
   capabilities: vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
   configuration: driver=i915 latency=0

Take note of the value of driver=

Now run modinfo <drivername> and more details on the driver will be presented. You should be able to see if it's using the generic linux driver for AMD or if it's using a proprietary driver.

If it's using the generic Linux driver's then there is nothing we can do in terms of drivers, except if you want to compile and install the proprietary drivers and kernel yourself.

From my expereince working on a AMD and Linux system, best to work with VLC for video player.


can I access plex media server from the android app?

apt did not have the latest version of plex in it's libraries. I added plex as a source and updated.


Cannot use sudo apt-get update in linux 18.04

It sounds like a DNS issue. To fix it, you need to ensure that

/etc/resolv.conf has good entries for DNS servers.

Google has public DNS servers that you can use.

So for example, you could add the following 2 lines to the top of your /etc/resolv.conf file (these point at the Google DNS servers) as detailed above:

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

In addition, if you use a proxy, be sure that you have created/modified the file /etc/apt/apt.conf to specify your proxy as below:

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://Your_Proxy:Port";

Acquire::https::Proxy "http://Your_Proxy:Port";

Acquire::ftp::Proxy "http://Your_Proxy:Port";


Dual monitor flickers and resets periodically

Try updating your BIOS.  There is a BIOS update for some of these models that include:
Fixed an issue that might have screen corruption on Linux.

http://download.lenovo.com/ibmdl/pub/pc/pccbbs/mobiles/g4uj14uc.txt


Under the printer properties, try changing the media type to "plain papers-Standard-Vivid".
For me, changing it in the printer properties from the System Settings doesn't seem to change the default in apps like the PDF viewer. I need to set it each time I print.


The disk drive /boot/efi is not ready yet or not present Error

Edit your /etc/fstab file and comment out or remove the entry for /boot/efi; that should do away with the error message. You're now booting Ubuntu in BIOS mode, not in EFI mode, so you no longer need the /boot/efi partition. (That partition is the "FAT32 boot partition" you referred to earlier, also known as the EFI System Partition, or ESP.)

That said, my suspicion is that you're booting Windows in EFI mode. If so, you'll probably need to use your firmware's boot manager to select which OS to boot. That might or might not be convenient. If you prefer to use something else (GRUB Legacy, GRUB 2, rEFIt, rEFInd, or whatever), you'll need to get EFI booting working again for Linux. By deleting the ESP and re-creating a fresh one, you also deleted the EFI-mode boot loader for Linux. The fix you followed was the hard way to do it; the easy way was to boot into EFI mode (using the Ubuntu installer, say) and use the efibootmgr program to add the Linux EFI boot loader (probably GRUB 2) back to the NVRAM options. You can still do this, but you'll have to uninstall grub-pc and re-install grub-efi. This will entail jumping through a number of hoops. Alternatively, you could switch to something else, such as GRUB Legacy, ELILO, or the kernel's EFI stub loader (if you're using a 3.3.0 or later kernel). See my Web page on EFI boot loaders for much more information on these options. Overall, if you're happy selecting your OS the way you're doing it now, it's probably easier to stick to that method, at least in the short term.


Cannot connect to x11vnc server before login

There are only three things I can think of that might be preventing you from connecting:

Do you have a firewall in place? Have you unblock access to port 5903? You can do that using UFW which is a GUI for your firewall in Ubuntu.
Are you trying to access the server from outside your network? In that case you also have to forward the 5903 port on your router to access the VNC server (in addition to point 1). If you are getting this error when connecting from the same network, ignore this option but keep it in mind when connecting from outside the network.
Last one, which is silly but I wanted to cover my bases. Are you trying to connect from the same computer? I don't think x11vnc allows for loopback connections, so always try use a different computer when testing (or your phone).

I also use x11vnc server on my computer, but the difference is that only the localhost can access it. I also run an SSH server, that way I have a way more secure connection, and once a user ssh to your computer, they can connect to the VNC server as a localhost.

I hope this helps

EDIT

After trableshooting, the problem is that Ubuntu 15.10 doesn't have upstart so x11vnc will never run on boot.
Instead, you have to create a service and make it available at boot. Here's what to do:

sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/x11vnc.service

Insert this into the file:

[Unit]
Description="x11vnc"
Requires=display-manager.service
After=display-manager.service

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/x11vnc -display :0 -auth guess -loop -forever -safer -shared -ultrafilexfer -bg -o /var/log/x11vnc.log -rfbauth /home/moore/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5903 -http -users moore -nowireframe
ExecStop=/usr/bin/killall x11vnc

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Then you can start the service with:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start x11vnc

And to make the service start on boot:

sudo systemctl enable x11vnc

This solution was previously posted by babelmonk here


Switching from Ubuntu Desktop to Ubuntu Tablet

There is only Ubuntu, it's the same OS on tablet, desktop, phone, server, and cloud.  That's convergence.  So to answer your question about whether Ubuntu will run on your Lenovo Yoga 11S, that answer is yes.
While it does not ship this way out of the box, there is a package that surfaces the position sensor (as well as the 9DOF and ambient light sensors) into userspace, and that can be scripted to hook into other functionality such as rotating the display, disabling the physical keyboard, and enabling the on-screen keyboard.  I have a Yoga, I have done this.
You may want to experiment with the Unity 8 shell, since most applications built for X11 and the Unity 7 shell work poorly with a touch-only device.
Work is ongoing in Ubuntu to make convertible devices work smoothly out of the box, but don't expect it delivered in 16.10.  Maybe (no promises) 17.04, so keep on top of the current -dev version if you're willing to experiment.


Is there a way to define a hotkey to solely unhide the Launcher?

I have to recognize that is a very strange behavior what you asked. The best what can I do for you is to suggest you the following shell script (I named it (un)hide_launcher.sh):

#!/bin/bash

launcher=$(gsettings get \
         org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ \
         launcher-hide-mode)

echo $launcher

if [ $launcher -eq 1 ]; then
    gsettings set \
    org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ \
    launcher-hide-mode 0
else
    gsettings set \
    org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ \
    launcher-hide-mode 1
fi

Make the script executable from terminal with the following commands:

cd /path/to/script/
chmod +x (un)hide_launcher.sh

To set a (shortcut) key to run this script, go to System Settings... → Keyboard, select Shortcuts tab and click + sign to add a new custom shortcut key. For "Name" field add whatever you wish; for "Command" add the path to the script:

Then click where is written "Disabled" to add a new accelerator and press your key combination (I chose F7).

The result:

[Click to enlarge]


yes, Ubuntu and many of it's flavors have feature called "ad-hoc network"
and "wifi tethering"

To make wifie hotspot, you need to have some connection (cable connection, or another wifi connection (that woudl require a second wifi adapter).

Remember, you can't use the same adapter as WiFi receiver and wifi spot.

Go to network settings -> Edit Connections -> Wireless -> Add.
Create a new connection and select Ad-hoc in Mode you can specify a password and enjoy.


Connecting to wireless networks from command line

I'm assuming you're using Ubuntu Desktop as you didn't specify otherwise.

You can create a wireless network configuration that will be managed by Network Manager by creating files in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections. Look at existing files to see how the format looks like.

Once the connection is created, you can use the nmcli command to manage NetworkManager from the command line, doing things such as enabling, disabling and querying connections.

Incidentally, the System Testing tool (checkbox) has a script that does exactly this: creates a connection and enables it, with parameters that you supply on the command line.

For instance, this creates a connection to the open "duck" network:

sudo /usr/share/checkbox/scripts/create_connection duck

This will create a connection to a network using WPA2 security, with "wings" password:

sudo /usr/share/checkbox/scripts/create_connection -S wpa -K wings duck

The script is written in Python so it should be easy for you to look at and adapt to your needs.

The script's help says this:

Usage: create_connection [options] SSID

Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -S SECURITY, --security=SECURITY
                        The type of security to be used by the connection.
                        One of wpa and wep. No security will be used if
                        nothing is specified.
  -K KEY, --key=KEY     The encryption key required by the router.
  -U UUID, --uuid=UUID  The uuid to assign to the connection for use by
                        NetworkManager. One will be generated if not
                        specified here.
  -R RETRIES, --retries=RETRIES
                        The number of times to attempt bringing up the
                        connection until it is confirmed as active.
  -I INTERVAL, --interval=INTERVAL
                        The time to wait between attempts to detect the
                        registration of the connection.


That's a way too common issue. It is possible that you have enabled automatic updates from your Ubuntu Settings and you tried to install something while that process was running.
You could wait for it to finish the update (there are no visual clues whatsoever) or you could try to kill the snapd process.
The brutal soulution would be to reboot your system, run updates and then install VS Code.
sudo reboot

Then, when it's up and running again....
sudo snap refresh
sudo snap install code

Hope this helps.


Finding all files and folders starting with a specfic letter using upper and lowercase

Assuming you want to search from the root of the file system located at / then I would suggest running the find command such as this

find / -iname "r*"

The command work as followed:

find - the search command
/ - Search root down (including all sub directories starting at root)
-iname - Mean run a case insensitive search
r* - The r is the letter and the * is a wild card which mean anything starting with r

You could also add an -ls at the end to get a listing of the results. If you don't add an ls you just get the path to the result.

Is this what you are after?


Access Windows 7 Files from Ubuntu 12.04

In my case i just go to the Home Folder-->> File System-->> host-->> Users


I had the same problem, so I googled,And it turned out, that I could edit this file:

sudo nano /usr/share/kupfer/kupfer/icons.py

Changed variable

LARGE_SZ = 128

to

LARGE_SZ = 32

I hope it was helpful. Greetings from Debian!


network UNCLAIMED : Lost Ethernet/WiFi drivers after updating to Ubuntu 16.04.6 simultaneously on 2 different computers!

You can always boot with a previous kernel using grub menu.

Your current kernel is partially installed for some unknown reason.

After you boot with a previous kernel the missing kernel modules should appear.

Then connect to the internet and run

sudo apt install linux-generic-hwe-16.04


You are compiling the code, not running it, the correct procedure is:

Create the source file (test.c)
Compile it with gcc test.c -o test
Run it with ./test

Also you can make a oneliner with these commands:

gcc test.c -o test; ./test


The implementation probably can't dlopen one of the libraries it uses, try running your app with LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/nvidia-current:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH ./yourapp, and if that doesn't help run it with strace, and look out for libraries it's unable to load and adjust the path so it can find them.


How to create a HDR file from set of image files?

I suggest you use the package enfuse:

sudo apt-get install enfuse

Then change to the directory with the photos:

cd ~/Photos/HDRstack
enfuse -o result.jpg --exposure-weight=1 --saturation-weight=0 --contrast-weight=0 --hard-mask *.jpg
gimp result.jpg

Find out about more options:

man enfuse


Short Answer

Given the syntax $(command) &, the result is the same as if you took the output of running just command and then tried to run that as a command. And all of this would be done in the background, meaning that there would be no visible output or hanging in the terminal.

For example, if we had a text file named mycommand.txt with the contents:

echo "Hello World"

Then the command

$(cat mycommand.txt) &

would be equivalent to running

echo "Hello World" &

But since we added the ampersand (&), we wouldn't see any output from this command, so it would be pretty useless in this example.

Long Answer (Explanation)

Dollar sign $ (Variable)

The dollar sign before the thing in parenthesis usually refers to a variable. This means that this command is either passing an argument to that variable from a bash script or is getting the value of that variable for something. The difference in bash scripting for calling on and declaring variables goes as such:

Declare a variable without the dollar sign and call it with a dollar sign. For example, a script that contains this

#!/bin/bash
STR="Hello World!"
echo $STR

Would output this

Hello World!

Parenthesis () - Command substitution

Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace the command itself. Command substitution occurs when a command is enclosed as follows:

$(command)

or

`command`

Bash performs the expansion by executing the command in a subshell environment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $(cat file) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $(< file).

Ampersand & - Background process

And then the ampersand, or & symbol, is as you said, used for running it in the background.


Error using Backups in Ubuntu 18.10 (it was Deja Dup)

Uninstall the snap version of deja-dup, and install the non-snap version. Use deja-dup to backup specific folders in your home directory (not all of / or ~/).
sudo snap remove deja-dup # remove the snap version
sudo apt-get update # update the software database
sudo apt-get install deja-dup # install deja-dup

Install timeshift and use it to backup system/OS files...
The closest thing to a Windows-like restore point is by using Timeshift. I use it to save snapshots to an external USB hard drive. Although it can, it's normally not used for backing up your /home directory, just system-level changes. Use Backups (Déjà Dup) for backing up /home files.
Timeshift is a system restore utility which takes snapshots
of the system at regular intervals. These snapshots can be restored
at a later date to undo system changes. Creates incremental snapshots
using rsync or BTRFS snapshots using BTRFS tools.

More information at https://github.com/teejee2008/timeshift
Add the PPA and install with:
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install timeshift


The main asciidoc executable in 18.04 LTS and newer versions is located in asciidoc-base package.

You have to remove it:

sudo apt-get purge asciidoc-base


Install dconf-editor and navigate to org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings. There, you can edit the key assignments for move-to-workspace-down and move-to-workspace-up to remove the keyboard assignment you do not want.


How to automatically mount usb flash drive at startup

Edit your fstab via

sudo nano /etc/fstab

and add the line below

UUID=0e281f8d-1117-451d-9b1b-b07405a631bc /media auto nosuid,nodev,nofail 0 0

Replace the UUID in my example above with the UUID of your partition

sudo blkid /dev/sdb2 | awk -F'"' '{print $2}'

Note, the entry in your fstab doesn't mount the drive if it's not present during startup.


There's a tool in the Ubuntu repositories called likewise-open that allows you to join an Ubuntu machine to a domain hosted by Active Directory. Once you join your machine to the domain, you can log in to Ubuntu using your domain account (although I have had to type in my full user name, DOMAIN/user, to get it to work properly).

You will need to have special "Domain Admin" privileges to join your computer, however; you may have to ask someone from your IT department to use their domain account if you don't have these.


This playlist is readable with any old text-editor, which will reveal the URL?

[playlist]
numberofentries=1
File1=http://91.121.91.110:4000
Title1=(#1 - 26/150) M2 CALIENTE : ONLY LATIN MUSIC - Live From Paris France - www.m2radio.fr
Length1=-1
Version=2

So unless you mean something else entirely, the url you are looking for is http://91.121.91.110:4000 ?

In that case the utility is anything that can read txt files (Vim, gedit, less, more, cat etc :)  )

For clarity, this is what I did:

go to that url in my browser, and save it as a file

alternatively you could use "wget" in the commandline to download it.
the object of this step is to get that file (called tinein-station.pls) on your computer

Open the file with any program that you would use to read .txt files. This can be LibreOffice, MS-Word, Gedit, anything you wish.

you could even rename the file as playlist.txt and let nautilus figure out what to use :)

You see above contents, and there is the hidde url (3rd line)

This is the failsave commandline version:

open a terminal (ctrl-alt T, or find it in the menu)
type wget http://yp.shoutcast.com/sbin/tunein-station.pls?id=1280625

you will see something ending like

2012-11-12 16:18:47 (13.5 MB/s) - `tunein-station.pls?id=1280625' saved [176/176]

type cat tunein-station.pls\?id\=1280625

you will see the contents as described above :)


Upgrade from 18.04 LTS to 20.04 LTS fails

Try the below and see if that works.
sudo apt purge lxd lxd-client
sudo do-release upgrade


Is there a script that runs as root when user logs in?

Based on your comment, it sounds like you want user 'fred' to not have a regular shell but run the script 'foo' upon login. This can be done easily if you don't expect Fred to try very hard to escape his "sandbox".

$ cat ~fred/.bash_login
#!/bin/bash
exec /usr/local/bin/foo

## in ubuntu each user has a group of his "own"
$ sudo chown foo:fred ~fred ~fred/.bash_login /usr/local/bin/foo
## prevent fred from altering the files and directories we care about
$ sudo chmod g-w ~fred ~fred/.bash_login /usr/local/bin/foo
## make script foo run with user foo's privileges
$ sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/bin/foo

So fred will now not even get a shell prompt because the first thing his login shell does is replace itself with foo; when script foo exits, fred will be logged out. The reason Fred should lack motivation to climb out of this sandbox is that many programs allow subordinate shells to be opened which would allow fred to undo the poor-man's lockout shown here.

Using this method with "root" instead of some non-superuser foo can be used to hijack root, so don't do that.


Hibernate and restart immediately instead of powering off

I found a way to do this using s2disk instead of pm-hibernate here: Hibernate with reboot on Linux

I replace the command

sudo pm-hibernate

with

sudo s2disk -P 'shutdown method = reboot'


How to make an app start with a lower 'nice' value

Remove the quotes.

Exec=nice -n -10 eclipse

Edit: though only the root user can set a niceness lower than 0, so

Exec=sh -c 'eclipse & gksudo -- renice -n -10 $!'

Or maybe better:

Exec=sh -c 'exec gksudo -- nice -n -10 sudo -H -u $USER eclipse'


Controlling multiple audio outputs volume?

Bluetooth devices are recognized in PulseAudio as soon as they are present.
However connection needs to be made manually in audio settings. There is a GUI that allows one-click connection to BT devices (stream2ip).
This answer can show an example of python script that may be modified to suit your needs
thanks to Tkkat


How do I copy text from PuTTY to another window?

I've copied from the PuTTY manual:

  PuTTY's copy and paste works entirely with the mouse. In order to copy text to the clipboard, you just click the left mouse button in the terminal window, and drag to select text. When you let go of the button, the text is automatically copied to the clipboard. You do not need to press Ctrl-C or Ctrl-Ins; in fact, if you do press Ctrl-C, PuTTY will send a Ctrl-C character down your session to the server where it will probably cause a process to be interrupted.


Dual Boot Win7 Ubuntu 12.10 use 2nd HDD for all My Docs

The solution I've been using for this:

Adding an entry in the /etc/fstab file like this: UUID="YourDataDriveUUIDHere"  /media/"YourDataDriveLabelHere"  ntfs-3g defaults,nls=utf8,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=002,fmask=113  0  0
Creating symbolic links under Home folder, either as Documents, Pictures, etc. or as sub-folders under the such default Home folders.


In NetworkManager, my nm-dispatcher is never called

You don't really need to look into the source code to fix this; the dispatcher runs the scripts in /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d until it completes or until one of them returns with an error. This was the case on a few releases, because the initial dispatcher (01ifupdown) didn't understand the vpn-up and vpn-down (or hostname, even) states.

You'll be able to see what's happening from the logs in /var/log/syslog; they will contain a line such as:

Nov 5 21:38:57 chris-laptop nm-dispatcher.action: Script '/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/01ifupdown' exited with error status 1.

This particular issue has been fixed now; but if you're still having issues you should consider filing a bug, or the obvious stuff like verifying permissions (as in, whether the script is executable).


Ended up reinstalling Ubuntu over the corrupted one.

Didn't have any data at that partition so I guess that's OK.


(Urgent) Hybrid Graphics: AMD Card faulty, need to use Intel card ONLY

Check out this link to see if anything here works for you: http://usernamepending.wordpress.com/2011/11/02/getting-back-some-battery-life-in-ubuntu-11-10-by-disabling-discrete-graphics/

If that doesn't work try:

Add the following lines to /etc/rc.local above the 'exit 0' line

modprobe radeon
echo OFF > /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

Then add this to /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-local.conf

blacklist fglrx

Reboot and then check to see if it has worked by typing:

sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

You should see something like this:

0:IGD:+:Pwr:0000:00:02.0
1:DIS: :Off:0000:01:00.0

IGD is your Intel chip and the + means it is currently being used, and Pwr means it's on. DIS is the ATI card and if it says Off, then it as worked :)