Least Number of Manual Partitions during Ubuntu (Say 18.04) (Standalone, not along with any other OS) Installation

One. You must have a partition named /.

All other partitions are fluff.

swap nowadays is a file.
/home/ is useful for separating system and personal files
/datapartition/ is useful for separating personal files where more than 1 user on the system would like access to these files. You can mount this when you reinstall / (and optional /home/)
/var/ used to be a partition for SERVERS to prevent / from filling up. Due to large disks (TB+ in size) that got unneeded.
A /boot/ is only required if root partition is encrypted

You also need a partition for EFI if you use it but that one is not part of Ubuntu You make that outside of Ubuntu and not during installation ( Is separate EFI boot partition required? )


Weird error when trying to install packages with apt

Finally found the answer to this problem, all you need to do is
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/triggers/Unincorp
sudo touch /var/lib/dpkg/triggers/Unincorp

and then just run
sudo dpkg --configure -a

IDK why this solves the problem but I guess it's because the file was corrupted...


can't connect wifi on ubuntu 16.04 dual boot windows 10

I think there are similar questions. What I found online says that the problem is with some missing firmware.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware

Sources:

Ubuntu 14.04 Wireless not working: no network interface. Atheros [168c:003e] device

No Wifi in Qualcom Atheros - Ubuntu 16.04 - Acer Aspire E 15


How to search for files through hashsums

Use this:

#!/bin/bash
saved='b3eeb9430063ee4db5f80b97d4dfb4c4f7667e6e58fd12f849a4ed6779b7f212'
find /home/user/ -type f | while IFS= read -r file; do
    [[ "$(sha256sum "$file" | cut -d' ' -f1)" == $saved ]] && echo "$file"
done

saved will contain the hashsum of the file you have
It will find all the files in /home/user/ (replace it with the location(s) you want) and subdirectories and will match their hashsums with saved
If matched, it will print the file name

Run the script using sudo in case if you want to search the places you don't have required permissions.

Note that this operation is quite cpu intensive as it will calculate the hashes of all the files and then try to match with the saved one. I am not aware of any standalone tool that can achive what you want, so this might be the way to go given the task and input in hand.

Also note that you can minimize the amount of files to be searched by applying relevant options to find e.g. if the file was accessed within last 24 hours use find /location -atime 0 -type f.


Is it possible to access a history of your clipboard in Ubuntu?

You can install a clipboard manager to keep and manage entries that were previously copied to the clipboard. One such tool, developed for the Gnome Desktop, is gpaste. It also includes a Gnome Shell extension for tight integration in the Ubuntu desktop. You can install this Gnome Shell extension using Ubuntu Software, or Synaptic Package manager, or with the command
sudo apt install gnome-shell-extensions-gpaste

This will set up both gpaste and the gnome-shell extension. After installation, you will need to turn it on using Gnome Tweaks or the "Extensions" tool (Ubuntu 20.10 and up).
Alternatively, there is a stand-alone Gnome Shell extension, gnome-shell-extension-clipboard-indicator. That extension is not officially supported by the Ubuntu developpers, but can be installed from the Gnome Shell extensions website.
Other clipboard managers are also available in the Ubuntu software center, including CopyQ, Parcellite and  Diodon, among others.


What did Ubuntu 17.04 (Zesty Zapus) do to my ssh-agent?

This might help:

  Ensure that a reasonably up-to-date version of the OpenSSH SSH Agent is    installed.
  Add this to ~/.bashrc:

if ! pgrep -u "$USER" ssh-agent > /dev/null; then
    ssh-agent > ~/.ssh-agent-thing
fi
eval "$(cat ~/.ssh-agent-thing)" >& /dev/null

  Using GNOME Tweak Tool, go to "Startup Applications" and remove "Passwords    and Keys".
  Add this to ~/.pam_environment:

GSM_SKIP_SSH_AGENT_WORKAROUND DEFAULT=1

  Log out of the GNOME Desktop Environment (or, if needed, reboot).

  After performing this workaround, running ssh-agent or ssh-add
  from GNOME Terminal should result in OpenSSH's SSH agent being
  invoked.


You are likely compiling everything yourself. if you are 'unskilled' (I don't think so, just new) ubuntu user I would highly suggest the deb maintainers do the hard work for you.

so check to see if apt-get has a copy which you want to use by searching like so.

aptitude search clang

if it does great it will handle things, if not you can download tar ball here

Extact it to /usr/local or /opt from there you can use it and delete the entire folder if you wish without any affects on your system.

Goodluck.


terminal unable to generate en_IN.ISO8859-1?

locale-gen doesn't work that way. You only need the first language_COUNTRY:

$ sudo locale-gen en_IN
Generating locales...
  en_IN.UTF-8... done
Generation complete.

Of course, you must have the locale installed:

$ locate en_IN
/usr/share/i18n/locales/en_IN


I solved it removing my libcurl4-openssl-dev:

sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove libcurl4-openssl-dev

And installing the previus version of libcurl:

sudo apt-get install libcurl3 -y


How do I install and use voice commands?

Voice Control for Ubuntu 12.04

I think, Gnome-Voice-Control is not in the repositories ("Unable to locate package gnome-voice-control"). And as you can see here and here it is not longer developed.

If you would like to make and use your own voice commands ("Update system now") try Simon listens.

Simon Listens

Installation:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:grasch-simon-listens/simon
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install simon

In Simon, for example, you can record a command and link it to a bash-script doing what you want or link it to DBUS-commands. In this way it is very easy to create any voice command! I tried it and it works fine. The more you train your Speech-commands, the better it understands your commands after that.

Youtube Video about Simon Listens
Blog about Simon Listens
Documentation

Alternatively try VEDICS. But, until now, it can handle only one (?) command.


Is there a limit to the number of gnome shell extensions one can install on ubuntu 18.04

You take a performance hit during startup if you have numerous gnome-extensions and depending on what the extensions do, may pay performance penalty during run time but beyond Ram and swap space limiting the amount of gnome-extensions that can run concurrently, you should be able to run many gnome-extensions.

For reference, I have a 8GB RAM machine and with around 15 or so extensions enabled and have no issues arising from this number of extensions except some hiccups during startup.

I believe there is another issue to why you are having issues. You can first check if there is something wrong with your system by manually installing extensions.

To do this, git clone or download one of these extensions to ${HOME}/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions, making the path if it doesn't exist, and opening up dconf-editor and navigating to /org/gnome/shell/extensions/ to turn off disable-user-extensions key and adding the name of the extension to the list of enabled extensions in enabled-extensions key. The format of the name should match the directory name of the extension but most importantly the uuid key in metadata.json of the extension. You can also use   gnome-shell-extension-tool with extension uuid and gnome-shell-extension-prefs to manage them. Atleast look at disable-user-extensions key if you are doing this trough gnome-shell-extension-tool and it is till not oworking.

If the manually loaded extension doesn't work or works after restarting Gnome (alt+F2 and enter r), try reinstalling gnome-shell-extensions (sudo apt install --reinstall gnome-shell-extensions). If it still doesn't work reinstall gnome-shell-common (sudo apt install --reinstall gnome-shell-common). last measure would be reinstalling gnome-shell (sudo apt install --reinstall gnome-shell).


What do I need to tell a developer if I want them to move their indicator under a system indicator menu?

It seems (but I'm not 100% sure) that moving application indicators under system indicator menus requires Canonical to develop a spec for such integration. Unless an existing spec exists (for example, music player integration with the Sound Menu), asking a third-party application developer to move their indicator under a system indicator doesn't make sense.

The available system menus are listed in this 11.04 help doc.

Some integration specs I found:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SessionMenu (no integration points I know of)
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SoundMenu (music player integration)
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MessagingMenu (IM, email and microblogging integration)

apparently UbuntuOne shouldn't be here

The Me Menu will be dropped in 11.10 and related integration has moved to the Messaging Menu.


You can not have more that 4 primary partitions on MBR disk.

You need to remove one of the existing partitions and create an extended in it its place.

Then it will be possible to create logical partitions in extended.


how to reformat, fix or repair a partition that was wrongly placed?

The partitions are completely up to you which one maps to which mount but, if your intention was to make NVME01p5 your /home, then that's correct.
It's a few steps to fix this (run all the commands as root or with sudo):

Ensure that you're the only one logged into the OS
Mount the new /home somewhere temporarily, you can do something like:

mkdir /mnt/new_home
mount /dev/NVME01p5 /mnt/new_home

Make sure that /mnt/new_home is empty (if there's a lost+found directory, that's fine)
Copy all the data from your old home to your new home using rsync -a /home /mnt/new_home
Unmount the new home:

umount /mnt/new_home
rmdir /mnt/new_home

Edit your /etc/fstab by finding the line that contains /home and replace the /dev/NVME01p6 with /dev/NVME01p5
Reboot


How to make a marginal WiFi connection automatically reconnect if it drops? - Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

You can use Network-Manager dispatcher scripts to achieve such behavior. You can find more info about those in the Ubuntu manpages. In short: you put a script, which is owned by root and executable, in the folder: /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d.

If you plan on putting more such scripts in there, be aware, that they get executed in alphabetical order.

A script that starts a connection, if the same connection went down could look like this:

#!/bin/bash

if [ "$CONNECTION_UUID" = "put_your_uuid_here" ]; then
    if [ "$2" = "down" ]; then
        sleep 10
        nmcli con up uuid $CONNECTION_UUID
    fi
fi

Be aware, that you need to put the uuid of your connection in the script where it says put_your_uuid_here. To find your connections uuid you can run the command nmcli con show in a terminal.

Cheers


To Install Burg:

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/burg sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install burg burg-themes

Now to make  BURG integrate the HardDisk enter the following command in terminal:

  sudo burg-install "(hd0)"

Remember to substitute ‘hd0′  with the drive on which your MBR is installed.

Now update burg:

  sudo update-burg

Finally, run the following to test and set your theme:

 sudo burg-emu

 burg4

Press F2 To change theme .

Press F3 to change resolution

If you want to use  another easy way to configue burg, you need to install Burg- manager, for this check our previuos post.

Here are the hot-keys defined in the boot menu:

* t – Open theme selection menu
* f – Toggle between folding mode
* n – Jump to the next item with the same class
* w – Jump to the next Windows item
* u – Jump to the next Ubuntu item
* e – Edit the command of current boot item
* c – Open a terminal window
* 2 – Open two terminal windows
* h – Display help dialog (only available in sora theme)
* i – Display about dialog (only available in sora theme)
* q – Return to old grub menu
* F5/ctrl-x – Finish edit
* F6 – Switch window in dual terminal mode
* F7 – List the folded boot items
* F8 – Toggle between graphic and text mode
* F9 – shutdown
* F10 – reboot
* ESC – quit from the current popup menu or dialog.


I was able to get some Blu-ray movies to work by downloading VLC media player

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc browser-plugin-vlc

then

sudo apt-get install vlc libaacs0 libbluray-bdj libbluray1
mkdir -p ~/.config/aacs/
cd ~/.config/aacs/ && wget http://vlc-bluray.whoknowsmy.name/files/KEYDB.cfg

then

vlc which should open a VLC media player window

Go to the tab that says: Media > Open Disc
Make "Disc Selection" Blu-ray, click "Browse..." and select the movie under the media tab, and under the current session holder's name, you should see the name of the movie, select that and click "OK" and then "Play"! Then it should play!


Why does Grub report two items for Windows 7?

This 2nd entry has been added by Boot-Repair as a security: from now, if you accidentally delete the sda1 partition, you will still be able to boot Windows via the 2nd entry.

If you want to hide or rename one one these entries, you can use GRUB-Customizer, that you can install via its PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer


Can't print PDFs from windows 7 to ubuntu 14.04 print server

If the same PDF on the same server on another Windows laptop works, you've got a Windows issue on the first laptop...

Where in Windows is another question altogether.

I would try Foxit instead of Adobe first, but it's my humble opinion you should ask this question on http://SuperUser.com (a sister site of Ask Ubuntu) as they have better Windows experts there then here on Ask Ubuntu.


We happened to provide the solution this way:

Go to browser settings as in edit>preferences>content>advanced and uncheck the box that allows other programs to choose the fonts for the page and use the fonts that I choose.


Why is there no laptop certified under 64-bit?

By default all client systems are certified for 32-bit, unless the vendor specifically requests 64-bit certification. Servers, though, are only certified in 64-bit.

This reflects the fact that the recommended (i.e. the default you get when you go to download) Ubuntu version for client systems is the 32-bit one.

This in turn obeys a variety of factors, not all of which I'm aware of. I know, for instance, that Flash support (which prior to Oneiric and multiarch support was suboptimal on 64-bit systems) meant that recommending 64-bit and expecting a great end-user experience wasn't feasible.

As Ubuntu moves towards defaulting to/recommending 64-bit, expect to see certification transitioning to 64-bit instead. A capabilities survey revealed that about 80% of systems are 64-bit capable nowadays. This becomes a necessity as more systems ship with over 3 GB RAM, which is the reasonable limit for the 32-bit kernel. Also this is made possible by the fact that the end-user experience on 64-bit has improved considerably as of late.

Two specifics about certification: Only one arch is certified because it would be quite burdensome to certify both for all systems. Also, we have seen cases where a system would work under 32-bit Ubuntu but fail under 64-bit (and vice-versa), so don't be 100% certain that it will work (you can be highly confident, but if you want to deploy on a non-certified combo (architecture/machine) please test before you buy).


what is the correct and reliable way to freshly install Ubuntu Gnome in an NVMe SSD with UEFI enabled?

I finally managed to figure out the issue: the usage of UNetbootin for creating Live USB.

So, do not use UNetbootin for creating a Live USB with UEFI-enabled installation. Instead, the correct way to create a Live USB is to use the Startup Disk Creator from some working Ubuntu systems.

1) Creating Live USB (Reference guide)

First, format the USB with (FAT-32) filesystem using GParted. (No need to set the boot,esp flag in USB)
Then launch Startup Disk Creator and select the ISO image and target device which is the USB that we want it to make bootable. (Most of the times, Ubuntu does this automatically if ISO image is present & USB is mounted properly)
It will take 2-4 mins for the process to be completed. Then you'll get the message that this USB can be used for installation. Success!

2) Changing Settings in APTIO utility

Simply power on the system and immediately press F2 which will throw the APTIO utility screen.

To make UEFI-enabled installation work without issues, we have to disable the following:

Secure boot
Fast boot
Intel RST (i.e. do not use a RAID volume, either RAID0 or RAID1)

(I have read in forums that these can be turned on after OS installation but I haven't tried this option.)

And enable the AHCI mode instead. Finally, change the order of boot option so that our Live USB appears as first in the order.

3) Creating Manual Partitions in SSD

The next step is to partition the (NVMe) SSD and other SSDs or Magnetic Disks (HDDs) as we wish. Since we already have a Live USB, we can use that to Try Ubuntu without Installing and access the disks to create partitions.

Once we're in, use GParted to create manual partitions. Note that I deleted the Microsoft Reserved Partition that came along as default when I purchased the system. I figured out deleting this partition is not an issue but it is mandatory to have an EFI System Partition (ESP) as the first partition in SSD. So, we have to create one.

First make sure the SSD where Ubuntu is to be installed is in Global Partition Table (GPT) format. Then:

Delete all existing partitions; thus the whole disk space will be unallocated.
Create first partition of 550 MiB or more which is the recommended space for Ubuntu based installations. This partition must be in FAT32 file system format as per UEFI spec. Additionally, the flags must be set to boot,esp. I used manage flags option to do this. Also the label has to be EFI, though partition name field can be left blank.
The next partition has to be swap space for efficiency reasons. You can have this partition at the end as well but I made it as second partition. I allocated around 8.5GB with no partition name and no label but the filesystem type has to be linux swap.
third partition would be where the Ubuntu installation will live. i.e. the / root file system. I allocated rest of the space (around 450GB). To create this partition, use ext4 journaling filesystem with label as per your wish; Again, the partition name field can be left blank.
Use other SSD (e.g. 850 EVO) to create a partition for /home.
I deleted all existing partitions in this disk and created a single partition (without any ESP partition).
Use ext4 filesystem with a friendly label and provide the mount point as /home. This is where all the documents, pictures, audio, video etc., will live.
the label that we give during partitioning will be used to load disks later on. partition name can be left blank.

Partitioning work is done. So, reboot the system and now select the option install Ubuntu.

4) Installing Ubuntu
It is recommended to connect to an Ethernet cable during Ubuntu installation because it downloads some files from the internet which are important for successful installation.

First few steps are self-explanatory from the wizard menu. But, choose the option Something Else when asked where to install. Now, we have to do some more work here since we have created our own partitions.

make sure boot, esp flags are checked in the ESP partition. After this the mount point will change to /efi (or sometimes /boot/efi)
make sure that the swap space partition is of the filesystem swap area
in the partition where Ubuntu is to be installed, make sure that the mount point is \  with format option checked and filesystem is of type ext4
in the partition earmarked for /home, set the mount point to /home with ext4 journaling filesystem; additionally with some friendly label to access the disk later on.
the external disk (like magnetic HDDs) can be left as is without any modifications.

device for bootloader installation has to be the ESP partition. But sometimes this can be detected automatically. So, no worries.

We're almost done with all the procedures. Just click continue.. It will ask for more details like your location, name, computer name, username, password. Enter these details and patiently wait for 3-4 minutes to let the installation finish..

In the meantime, watch the progress to make sure that everything is going on smoothly and without any errors. Hopefully, it will be successful and throw a message to restart the system to use the new installation.

Reboot it and login with your username and password.

This installation by default uses nouveau drivers. If you're having a modern video card such as nVidia GTX 1070 or so, we've to install it. Go to Softwares & Updates -> Additional drivers and install the proprietary Nvidia drivers (as of this writing the latest version is 384.111)

Once successfully installed and rebooted again, you can verify whether the video card is Nvidia or not by checking in: All Settings -> Details

Hope this would be a helpful guide for anyone struggling to have a correct and working installation of Ubuntu Gnome with UEFI-enabled.

P.S. Note that this guide assumes that no important data is available in all disks. Backup all your files before trying this way of installation.

References which have been quite helpful:

1) How does UEFI boot actually work?
2) more background on UEFI


How should I change encryption according to *** WARNING : deprecated key derivation used

Comparing the Synopsys of the two main and recent versions of OpenSSL, let me quote the man pages.
OpenSSL 1.1.0

openssl enc -ciphername [-help] [-ciphers] [-in filename] [-out filename] [-pass arg] [-e] [-d] [-a/-base64] [-A] [-k password] [-kfile filename] [-K key] [-iv IV] [-S salt] [-salt] [-nosalt] [-z] [-md digest] [-p] [-P] [-bufsize number] [-nopad] [-debug] [-none] [-engine id]

OpenSSL 1.1.1

openssl enc -cipher [-help] [-ciphers] [-in filename] [-out filename] [-pass arg] [-e] [-d] [-a] [-base64] [-A] [-k password] [-kfile filename] [-K key] [-iv IV] [-S salt] [-salt] [-nosalt] [-z] [-md digest] [-iter count] [-pbkdf2] [-p] [-P] [-bufsize number] [-nopad] [-debug] [-none] [-rand file...] [-writerand file] [-engine id]

There obviously are some greater differences, namely considering this question, there are these two switches missing in the 1.1.0:

pbkdf2

iter

You have basically two options now. Either ignore the warning or adjust your encryption command to something like:
openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -md sha512 -pbkdf2 -iter 100000 -salt -in InputFilePath -out OutputFilePath

Where these switches:

-aes-256-cbc is what you should use for maximum protection or the 128-bit version, the 3DES (Triple DES) got abandoned some time ago, see  Triple DES has been deprecated by NIST in 2017, while AES gets accelerated by all modern CPUs by a lot; you can simply verify if your CPU has the AES-NI instruction set for example using grep aes /proc/cpuinfo; win, win

-md sha512 is the faster variant of SHA-2 functions family compared to SHA-256 while it might be a bit more secure; win, win

-pbkdf2: use PBKDF2 (Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2) algorithm

-iter 100000 is overriding the default count of iterations for the password, quoting the man page:

Use a given number of iterations on the password in deriving the encryption key. High values increase the time required to brute-force the resulting file. This option enables the use of PBKDF2 algorithm to derive the key.


AutoKey - how do I make it send a message at an interval

Careful on that frequency. You might get chat-spam/bot-banned.

import time

# Retrieve current or set initial value.
try:
    # Toggle the value if it already exists. True <-> False
    store.set_global_value("helloRepeat",not store.get_global_value("helloRepeat"))
except:
    # Value did not exist, set it True now.
    store.set_global_value("helloRepeat",True)

# Loop de loop.
# This will not execute on toggle-off key-press.
# Existing loop from previous key-press will terminate.
while store.get_global_value("helloRepeat"):
    # Set chat and channel trigger/characters appropriately.
    keyboard.send_keys('<enter>Hello!<enter>')
    # Sleep for seconds..
    time.sleep(5)


I was able to fix this by recreating an older Ubuntu file  69-xserver-xorg-input-wacom.rules in  /lib/udev/rules.d/69-wacom.rules/ thanks to Phi at AskUbuntu.com

The Stylus pen and eraser are detected in the xinput list and both have pressure sensitivity.

The code is posted in this response and is also found in older Ubuntu/Lubuntu versions.


Boot repair unable to solve dual boot problem after Windows Update

Thank you for your replies.
Fast startup in Windows was already disabled.
UEFI secure boot was already OFF
The Toshiba BIOS does not have the facility to directly specify particular partitions for boot, only the disk itself.  Windows used its own settings and therefore booted into Windows by default.
Thank you in particular to the final contributor, "oldfred", for the information on efiboot manager.  I had not come across this before.  I used a combination of rerunning "Boot Repair" with different Advanced Options from before and efiboot manager.  "sudo efibootmgr -v", "sudo efibootmgr man" etc.
My situation is now much better than before in that the computer boots into Ubuntu (great!).  However, when the Windows boot option is selected from the Ubuntu grub menu, it boots into Ubuntu not into Windows.  Quite honestly I may leave it like that with Windows inaccessible as it has caused so much trouble on numerous occasions that Windows is more of a liability than an asset!  I use Ubuntu 98% of the time anyway!  Thanks again.


How do I upgrade from 10.04 to 10.10 in one command by using the terminal?

check this:

Upgrading from the command line?


Back-up every file, remove linux and install Windows and THEN install Ubuntu, otherwise I have no idea how to do it through Linux without getting errors etc.


Why does the AMD Proprietary graphics driver not support old cards?

Hardware companies do not support their products with software updates forever. In this case, AMD announced that support for cards before Radeon HD 5000 would be ended. To put this in context, HD 5000 (still supported) was released in 2009, HD 4000 (unsupported) was released in 2008.

Downgrading your x-server is not recommended, it may cause dependency or stability problems with your system. Also note that the makson96 repository does not support recent releases of Ubuntu:

  If there will be no more driver updates made by AMD, than this
  repository will not support Ubuntu 13.10 and beyond
  ...
  Ubuntu 12.04.3 is not supported.

For more details see Launchpad #1058040 fglrx-installer not working with AMD Radeon/Mobility Radeon HD 2000-4000 cards in Quantal.


No touchpad and cursor issues in ubuntu 14.04

Found a solution that works perfectly as long as you don't use gestures or scrolling etc
Adding the line "psmouse.proto=bare" to the kernel cmd line on boot will, as I understand, emulate the basic moving and clicking tap to click etc using generic ps2 mouse drivers for the touchpad.
There appears to be no drivers or support for the touchpads use in many asus laptops so as far as I can tell this is the best solution until drivers are added.

  Permanently Add a Kernel Boot Parameter Log in to the system and start
  a terminal window (Applications->Accessories->Terminal).

  In the terminal window at the $ prompt, enter the command: sudo gedit
  /etc/default/grub
  Enter your password when prompted by [sudo]. At the line beginning with
  "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT" add psmouse.proto=bare to the text inside the
  double-quotes after the words "quiet splash".
  (Be sure to add a SPACE after "splash" before adding
  your new parameter.) Click the Save button, then close the editor
  window.
  In the terminal window at the $ prompt, enter the command: sudo
  update-grub
  Restart the system.


Multiple problems revolving around ubuntu software center

Skype not being shown in Ubuntu Software is a known issue. You can install it from terminal instead:

sudo apt install skype

As regards the other message, it's probably what it says. You may want to open Software & Updates and try another download server.


Create VLAN to use as a single-NIC router

All it is needed to configure vlan with iproute2 is as below:
ip link add name ${VLAN interface name} link ${parent interface name} type vlan id ${tag}

"VLAN interface name" - any name;
"parent interface name" - trunk interface;
"tag" - 802.1q vlan id


Just installed Ubuntu on my PC in a new partition. Nothing after

I am going to assume that you chose to restart now and your computer booted straight into Windows without giving the option for Ubuntu.

Log into Windows and click the power icon next to your username in the top right corner.

Hold down the shift key and select to restart your computer. Keep the shift key held down until your computer reboots.

At the point of the UEFI settings appearing choose to boot from USB again.

You will now be booted back into the live session of Ubuntu.

Now open a terminal: Ctl + Alt + T

Update your grub by typing 'sudo update-grub'

This will detect all boot options and update them. You may now restart your computer. 'sudo reboot'

If the comupter still loads into Windows continue to next steps:

Restart the computer again by selecting restart and holding the shift key to login to ubuntu live cd.

Now open up a terminal: Ctl + Alt + T

Type the following command:

'sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo sh -c "sed -i 's/trusty/saucy/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yannubuntu-boot-repair-trusty.list"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair'

A boot repair screen will appear after install completes.

Click -》 "Recommended repair".

You may receive a message stating "EFI is detected". This is just an informational message as far as I am concerned because it is perfectly fine to install Ubuntu with EFI turned on.

After clicking "OK" to the EFI detected message the utility performed a few tasks and then asked me to select some text and run it in a terminal window.

If you are asked to do this open a new terminal window (press the "super" key, enter "term" into the Dash and click on the icon that appears).

Copy the text from the boot repair window by selecting it with the mouse. Press CTRL and C and then right click in the terminal window and select paste.

Make sure all the commands have run correctly. You may need to press return to get the last command to run.

Now click on the "Forward" button within the boot repair application. You may be asked to copy and paste more text.

Repeat the process of selecting all the text, press CTRL and C and then right click in the terminal window and select paste.

Make sure the commands run.

Keep following through on the process until the boot repair finishes.


Broken packages on 16.10 yakkety trying to install libsdl2-dev

First clean and update your repositories with:

$ apt-get clean
$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
$ sudo apt-get -f install
$ sudo apt-get update

Then cleanly remove the problem app.

$ sudo apt remove --purge libsdl2-dev

After purging the app reinstall it normally.  If this fails perform a more forceful removing:

$ sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq libsdl2-dev

After having should sufficient clean the conflicts and allow it to be properly installed.


As it turns out, my wireless card was dying. I purchased a Panda Wireless adapter (on Amazon), plugged it in, and it now works perfectly.


how to set proper environment diplay settings for 3840x2160 resoultion on Asus Zenbook Pro UX501

The font size issue is easy to fix, and I doubt that it has anything to do with the drivers. Open Settings and go to Displays. There, select 200% under Scale. Now apply the changes when prompted and your screen should go back to normal size.
As for the keyboard, is the correct information shown in the Region & Language section of Settings? If not, change those to reflect your hardware. (You should have been able to select them when installing as well.)
I hope this helps!


Automatic Mount Options enabled, no boot

# <file system>                  <mount point> <type> <options>       <dump>  <pass>
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root               /     ext4 noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1
UUID=9762da9f-b9f0-4a9f-9796-ab14d69b3f5f /boot ext4 defaults,noatime  0  2
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1             none  swap    sw  0 0

Edited the fstab file to the above and it worked.


I was able to fix the issue. I'm not sure exactly what fixed it, but I was following another stack overflow post which suggested reinstalling bluez after deleting /etc/bluetooth as well as installing linux-firmware.
I did both of these and shutdown and rebooted after a minute. Everything now works. Dmesg no longer shows the failed to disable LE scan message either.


I've talked this over with some OpenShift developers and here's the current state of this.

OpenShift requires the use of SE Linux, which is in Ubuntu but we're not sure if installing that from universe is sufficient enough to get OpenShift to work.
Someone would need to get OpenShift running and working on Ubuntu.
Someone would need to actually write the charm and test it in order to include it in the charm store.
Juju only deploys to Ubuntu currently, someone would need to enable it to spawn off SL or CentOS instances.

Does juju run on non-Ubuntu distributions?

If you or anyone is interested on working on this check out the Juju mailing list.


No, you decided what operating system to use when you signed up with them.
If you picked Windows, Fedora or CentOS you wont be using Ubuntu. If you chose Ubuntu it will be the version they installed for you. This only applies to dedicated servers.

If you have a managed Virtual Private Server Ubuntu is not even an option.


How do I tell what type of CPU cache is in my laptop?

open your terminal and type this

cat  /proc/cpuinfo

Example output:

 processor  : 0
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 15
model       : 6
model name  : Intel(R) Pentium(R) D CPU 3.00GHz
stepping    : 5
cpu MHz     : 2400.000
cache size  : 2048 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 2
core id     : 0
cpu cores   : 2
apicid      : 0
initial apicid  : 0
fdiv_bug    : no
hlt_bug     : no
f00f_bug    : no
coma_bug    : no
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 6
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc pebs bts pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est cid cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm
bogomips    : 5983.63
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 128
address sizes   : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor   : 1
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 15
model       : 6
model name  : Intel(R) Pentium(R) D CPU 3.00GHz
stepping    : 5
cpu MHz     : 2400.000
cache size  : 2048 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 2
core id     : 1
cpu cores   : 2
apicid      : 1
initial apicid  : 1
fdiv_bug    : no
hlt_bug     : no
f00f_bug    : no
coma_bug    : no
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 6
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc pebs bts pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est cid cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm
bogomips    : 5983.48
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 128
address sizes   : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:


OpenGL GLX extension not supported by display ':0'

means, that the graphics adapter driver for the first local display (:0) doesn't support a feature set (called an “extension”) required by the application. As I see it, there are 3 possible solutions depending on your situation:

If you're using open-source graphics drivers, install proprietary drivers with proper hardware acceleration.
Get a more powerful graphics adapter with proper Linux drivers.
If the message comes from the guest system of a virtual machine, you may need to set up “guest extensions” and an appropriate set of graphics drivers to make use of hardware acceleration. The previous two points apply for the host system.


How can I create a script that allows all users to change network connections?

WARNING: This answer is only for 12.04. The file in question could change in future releases, so don't try it in other Ubuntu versions.

I was able to find the answer to my problem thanks to this site. I need this for Ubuntu 12.04 and the line I need to change is line 695, so this command will get the job done no matter how many times I run it.

sudo sed -i "695s/auth_admin_keep/yes/g" /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.policy


For a GUI way, it's under Preferences / LXQT settings / Session Settings

Then pick Autostart on the left.


if you made no partition when installing ubuntu, then you must have deleted windows completely so there is no other solution than reinstall windows.
The problem is if you reinstall windows you will lose the ubuntu grub, so install windows, and then install ubuntu, when you do that there is an option that says, "install ubuntu with windows" there is where you have to say yes, then it shows you how big do you want the partition, your set it as you like, and then install it. Now it should work well.


windows boot loader does not detect ubuntu

Windows bootloader is not going to see Ubuntu by itself. You need an application called EasyBCD or edit config manually.


I found that the /etc/init/failsafe.conf file was holding up the boot time.  In ym /var/log/syslog a message popped up saying failsafe: Failsafe of 120 seconds reached which lead me to looking into this file.  I am assuming since both IPs are being set to static the network configuration is taking longer to setup due to this.  I am however not 100% sure about this reasoning.  Any explanation would be nice to why it had to wait the full 120 seconds.


I would try suspending (standby) with this command:

dbus-send --system --print-reply \
    --dest="org.freedesktop.UPower" \
    /org/freedesktop/UPower \
    org.freedesktop.UPower.Suspend

Change Suspend to Hibernate if you want to hibernate instead

I would probably create an alias in ~/.bashrc such as alias standby="dbus-send --system --print-reply \
    --dest="org.freedesktop.UPower" \
    /org/freedesktop/UPower \
    org.freedesktop.UPower.Suspend"

Note that the mentioned commands don't require superuser privileges.


The first one is this one here ;)
the second one doesn't work, the key is set correct, but it doesn't has any effect on the background. when i change the wallpaper in the appearence tool, the key isn't changed
is there a way to see which keys are changed by an application?

Edit: Oh, it was my fault. I ran the commands as root, not as normal user. Sry for the trouble.

"gconftool-2 -s /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename --type string" still works


Wireless issues on 16.04 with RTL8821AE, ASUS E202S

RTL8821AE wifi drivers in Ubuntu 16.04
First thing first, you need to identify which device is being used in your
hardware, to find it, I opened a terminal and wrote the following:

lspci | grep Wireless

The system replies with the following line
03:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8821AE 802.11ac PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
The model of the device (RTL8821AE) is very important, we will come back to this later.
For some reason, realtek adapters have had a history of disconnects and signal drops, but, lucky for us there is an answer.

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential git
git clone http://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
cd rtlwifi_new
make
sudo make install

These commands build and install the drivers for
rtl8192ce, rtl8192se, rtl8192de, rtl8188ee, rtl8192ee, rtl8723ae, rtl8723be, and rtl8821ae, all in one go.
Just in case the system doesn’t load the appropriate kernel module, you can execute the following command from within your rtlwifi_new directory

sudo modprobe rtl8821ae

and reboot your system.
Congratulations your Ubuntu Linux kernel now has working Realtek wireless drivers.


I never did an upgrade to 18.4,rather just a clean install. So i'm not sure if this will help. Try sudo apt-get install -f to fix broken packages.

TC.


Create Subfolders into multi folder at once time by cmd

the solution is as follows in bash while being in Mango
or if you don't want to cd into it, simply change line from for i in *; do to for i in path/from/current/path/* do directory:

for i in *; do
  mkdir "$i/Single photos"
done


How to install gcloud in a Docker container on 19.10?

Manually installing Python2.7 solved the issue. But since Python2.7 wasn't in the default repos on this image, I had to add them.

Adding the following lines before attempting to install gcloud solved my issue:

RUN echo "deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ eoan universe" | tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/python27.list

# Fix the zany problem of user apt not being able to access a file from curl
# https://askubuntu.com/questions/908800/what-does-this-synaptic-error-message-mean
RUN chown -R _apt:root /var/lib/apt/lists

RUN apt update

RUN apt install -qy curl git screen vim gnupg python2.7


How do I add a DNS server via resolv.conf?

If /etc/resolv.conf contains nameserver 127.0.0.1 then adding entries to /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/tail won't really do anything useful.

If you are using NetworkManager then you should instead statically add nameserver addresses via network indicator: Edit Connections... | Edit... | IPv4 Settings | Additional DNS servers.

If you really want to add more entries to /etc/resolv.conf, create a /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/tail and add them there.

As with every Ubuntu release, it's recommended to read the Ubuntu Release Notes, available here:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PrecisePangolin/ReleaseNotes/UbuntuDesktop

The Desktop and Common Infrastructure sections contain a link to

http://www.stgraber.org/2012/02/24/dns-in-ubuntu-12-04/ covering the changes to the DNS infrastructure in 12.04.


Open a specific workspace on i3 when launching a specific app

You can change to specific workspace using i3-msg (in Your case):

exec i3-msg "workspace $ws2"

More general example from the i3 documentation website:

Documentation: https://i3wm.org/docs/userguide.html

# Start iceweasel on workspace 3, then switch back to workspace 1
# (Being a command-line utility, i3-msg does not support startup notifications,
#  hence the exec --no-startup-id.)
# (Starting iceweasel with i3’s exec command is important in order to make i3
#  create a startup notification context, without which the iceweasel window(s)
#  cannot be matched onto the workspace on which the command was started.)
exec --no-startup-id i3-msg 'workspace 3; exec iceweasel; workspace 1'


How to close terminal without shutting down Android emulator booted from terminal

To prevent any process that was started from a terminal being killed when the terminal the process was launched from is closed, you need to prefix the emulator command with nohup or setsid.
nohup is short for no hang-ups, and you will probably want to redirect output to /dev/null otherwise it wants to generate a nohup.out file. The ampersand & at the end causes the command to be run as a background process.  Usage example:

$ nohup ./emulator -avd Nexus_5X_API_29_x86 >/dev/null &

setsid runs a process or program in a new session preventing the process/program being killed when the terminal it was launched from is closed. Usage example:

$ sudo setsid ./emulator -avd Nexus_5X_API_29_x86

Note: On my system, I had to first cd into ~/Android/Sdk/emulator to run the emulator, in case any one tries to run the emulator from the command line right out of the box and gets a command not found error.

see the man pages for nohup or setsid for more information.


Why does my terminal attempt to execute 'sudo apt-get update' at every launch?

The error message

sudo apt-get update: command not found

means that something is trying to execute a command called "sudo apt-get update", not the command sudo with arguments apt-get and update.

There must be such a command in one of the several scripts that are invoked when bash starts. It could be any of:

/etc/profile
~/.bash_profile
~/.bash_login
~/.profile
~/.bashrc

or something invoked by any of them. Try grepping for apt-get in those files. If that fails, look at other scripts and commands they invoke.

For example, I just reproduced the error message by (temporarily) adding this line:

"sudo apt-get full-upgrade"

(including the quotes) to my ~/.bashrc.

You can also try running bash -lx from the prompt; -l makes it a login shell, and -x causes it to trace commands. To save the output in a file:

bash -lx < /dev/null > bash-lx.log 2>&1


Why my computer shuts down tryng ubuntu 18.04 LTS?

I had a problem once trying to install Ubuntu 16.04 on a Dell laptop which had a little onboard Nvidia gpu . Worked around it through the GRUB boot menu, pressing 'e' to edit the boot parameters, finding the line that starts with "linux", and adding "nomodeset" (without the quotes) at the end of that line.


How to remove unused or outdated folders?

find /home/user -type f -mtime +108 -exec rm {} \;

where for example, 108 taken as a number of days, so change it to whatever you need.


BIOS Boot Scheme

BIOS is only capable of direct hardware access. It can not mount drives, partitions, or files systems. Thus, it can only access the drive with CHS or LBA addressing via the HDD controller. This means that BIOS can only access the first 8GB of the drive.

For flexibility, manufactures designed their BIOS to read the first sector of the HDD and execute the code. Since it has to fit in 512 bytes, this code is usually a pointer that tells the system to load X number of sectors starting at a specified location. Then executes it. This is why moving boot files can cause boot failure.

As drive sizes increased beyond 8GB, drive partitioning began leaving a 1GB of space before the partition table to accommodate addition boot code.

In terms of GRUB

Stage 1 - this is the 512 byte pointer that tells the system where to find the bootloader. If Stage 2 can be located within the first 8GB it will point to the sector containing stage 2.

Stage 1.5 - If Stage 2 can not be located withing the first 8GB, then Stage 1.5 is written in the 1GB before the partition table. It contains file system drivers so that Stage 2 can be accessed by name via the drive path. (note:this practice may be standard now even if stage 2 can be located in the first 8GB)

Stage 2 -- This stage mounts partitions and executes the grub binary which produces your boot menu and allows you to select boot options.


Hi welcome to ask ubuntu!

It may be the best when you start here: Ubuntu: An absolute beginners guide. There you will see the dash, the panel and the applications explained and how to go further steps.

Or for more elaboraton, I can recommend the Ubuntu Manual Project. This is also available in many languages.

May be this community can become your new comfort zone =)


The color-coding of file types in my terminal has stopped, help?

Launch a terminal and enter ls --color, is the output in color?

Try logging out of your desktop and back in again, test ls in a terminal again - what happens?

If the above hasn't helped you can alias ls to ls --color in ~/.bashrc .. simply add a line to that file : alias ls='ls --color'


Where do I put java programs (SeleniumRC in my case)

From what I understand Selenium RC is run from the terminal with:

java -jar selenium-java-<version>.jar

So you can save it in whatever folder is convenient for you. You could just leave it in your home folder or make a java folder in your home folder to save other jars in. Wherever you save it you'll have to navigate to with cd or type the absolute path (e.g. ~/java/selenium-java-.jar), so put it somewhere with a nice path.


I was experiencing the same problem. What seems to have solved the problem for me, though I don't know how, is installing an NVIDIA binary driver. If you have an NVIDA graphics card, this might work for you too.

But beware, there appears to be a bug in the NVIDIA driver package (see e.g. here: Desktop does not show when I installed nvidia drivers!). You need to first run:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic


In modern Kubuntu there is an Info Center app which you can find in K menu -> Applications -> System -> Info Center or start from console using kinfocenter. It shows Plasma version, Frameworks version, Qt version and other useful info.

A command-line solution for KDE/Plasma 5:

$ plasmashell --version
plasmashell 5.9.4
$ kf5-config --version
Qt: 5.7.1
KDE Frameworks: 5.31.0
kf5-config: 1.0

Previous answer for older KDE versions:

Start any "standard" KDE program, such as Konsole or Kate and select Help - About KDE

If you want to do the same from the command line, you can invoke any "standard" KDE program with --version (or -v) parameter. The program then will print the version and exit:

# kate --version
Qt: 4.8.6
KDE Development Platform: 4.14.2
Kate: 3.14.2
# konsole --version
Qt: 4.8.6
KDE Development Platform: 4.14.2
Konsole: 2.14.2
# plasma-desktop --version
Qt: 4.8.6
KDE Development Platform: 4.13.3
Plasma Desktop Shell: 4.11.11


In versions 2.1.x playing multiple VLC instances and different streams in each is as easy as clicking tools -> Preferences... (or just press ctrl+p)(note this does not exist on the Mac version):

in Interface tab scroll down to playlist and instances

untick checkbox Allow only one instance

untick checkbox use only one instance when started from file manager

Press Save.

Source: https://wiki.videolan.org/How_to_play_multiple_instances_of_VLC/


Good idea is to make a dedicated Virtual Host (who will run separate subdomain) for each MediaWiki on your server. Apache2 virtualhost.conf files are contained in the folder /etc/apache2/sites-available/.

For example, the VH configuration file could be named as follow (note its name must end with .conf): /etc/apache2/sites-available/wiki.example.com.conf. And its sample content should be something like:

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerName wiki.example.com
    ServerAdmin admin@wiki.example.com

    # Redirect Requests to SSL
    Redirect permanent "/" "https://wiki.example.com/"

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wiki.example.com.error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wiki.example.com.access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>

    <VirtualHost _default_:443>

            ServerName wiki.example.com
            ServerAdmin admin@wiki.example.com
            DocumentRoot /var/www/wiki.example.com

            # According MWiki Manual:Security
            php_flag register_globals off

            ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wiki.example.com.error.log
            CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wiki.example.com.access.log combined

            SSLEngine on
            SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/wiki.example.com.crt
            SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/wiki.example.com.key
            SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/ssl/certs/wiki.example.com.root-bundle.crt

            <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
                    SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
            </FilesMatch>

            <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
                    SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
            </Directory>

            <Directory /var/www/wiki.example.com>
                    Options None FollowSymLinks
                    #Allow .htaccess
                    AllowOverride All
                    Require all granted
                    <IfModule security2_module>
                            SecRuleEngine Off
                            # or disable only problematic rules
                    </IfModule>
            </Directory>

            # According to MWiki Manual:Security
            <Directory /var/www/wiki.example.com/images>
                    # Ignore .htaccess files
                    AllowOverride None
                    # Serve HTML as plaintext, don't execute SHTML
                    AddType text/plain .html .htm .shtml .php .phtml .php5
                    # Don't run arbitrary PHP code.
                    php_admin_flag engine off
                    # If you've other scripting languages, disable them too.
            </Directory>

            #According to MWiki Manual:Security
            <Directory /var/www/wiki.example.com/images/deleted>
                    Deny from all
                    AllowOverride AuthConfig Limit
                    Require local
            </Directory>

    </VirtualHost>

</IfModule>

Note that, this example is for configuration with enabled HTTPS/SSL. For pure HTTP it must look like:

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerName wiki.example.com
    ServerAdmin admin@wiki.example.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/wiki.example.com

    # According MWiki Manual:Security
    php_flag register_globals off

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wiki.example.com.error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/wiki.example.com.access.log combined

    <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
            SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
    </FilesMatch>

    <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
            SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
    </Directory>

    <Directory /var/www/wiki.example.com>
            Options None FollowSymLinks
            #Allow .htaccess
            AllowOverride All
            Require all granted
            <IfModule security2_module>
                    SecRuleEngine Off
                    # or disable only problematic rules
            </IfModule>
    </Directory>

    # According to MWiki Manual:Security
    <Directory /var/www/wiki.example.com/images>
            # Ignore .htaccess files
            AllowOverride None
            # Serve HTML as plaintext, don't execute SHTML
            AddType text/plain .html .htm .shtml .php .phtml .php5
            # Don't run arbitrary PHP code.
            php_admin_flag engine off
            # If you've other scripting languages, disable them too.
    </Directory>

    #According to MWiki Manual:Security
    <Directory /var/www/wiki.example.com/images/deleted>
            Deny from all
            AllowOverride AuthConfig Limit
            Require local
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

To activate the VirtyalHost you need to run:

sudo a2ensite wiki.example.com.conf
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service

Read also:

How to redirect in local domain web site www.mydomain.com/website to www.mydomain.com
When does Ubuntu 16.04 use /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt?
Let's Encrypt, Apache2 - Editing vhosts properly


How can I get a temperature sensor on my gnome panel in Ubuntu?

Try restarting your computer.  I know it sounds silly for Linux, but I just installed it (read the post and realized I wanted it too!), couldn't add it, and gave it a restart.  Works great now.


Battery not charging above 34% on Lenovo E430

The battery reached his end of lifecycle and needs to be replaced. Don't try to overcharge it, it can even explode!


How do I install Skype on 11.10 when using kubuntu (kde4.7)?

Skype, apt-get, aptitude

With the apt-get:

Updating the package database:

:~$ sudo apt-get update

Cleaning the package archives:

:~$ sudo apt-get clean

Looking packages:

:~$ apt-cache show skype

=>

Package: skype
Priority: extra
Section: net
Installed-Size: 29200
Maintainer: Brian Thomason <****>
Architecture: i386
Version: 2.2.0.35-0oneiric2
Recommends: sni-qt
...
Filename: pool/partner/s/skype/skype_2.2.0.35-0oneiric2_i386.deb
...

-> It is in the partner repositories /1/,/2/.

Simulation with the apt-get:

:~$ sudo apt-get install -s skype

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  sni-qt
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  skype sni-qt
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 10 not upgraded.
Inst sni-qt (0.2.5-0ubuntu1 Ubuntu:11.10/oneiric [i386])
Inst skype (2.2.0.35-0oneiric2 Partner archive:11.10/oneiric [i386])
Conf sni-qt (0.2.5-0ubuntu1 Ubuntu:11.10/oneiric [i386])
Conf skype (2.2.0.35-0oneiric2 Partner archive:11.10/oneiric [i386])

-> Will install two packages, shouldn't remove KDE.

apt-get help:

:~$ apt-get  --help

man pages:

:~$ man apt-get

With the aptitude you could ask why,why-not

 why          - Show the manually installed packages that require a package, or
                why one or more packages would require the given package
 why-not      - Show the manually installed packages that lead to a conflict
                with the given package, or why one or more packages would
                lead to a conflict with the given package if installed.

aptitude help/man pages:

:~$ aptitude --help

:~$ man aptitude

Maybe the

:~$ aptitude why-not skype

could tell what package(s) is/are conflicting with the skype.

Oneiric & muon

The Muon is a GUI  /3/,/4/. Kubuntu 11.10 /5/ is using the muon suite (Muon Software Center,Muon Package Manager) as default package manager GUI.

Links

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Kubuntu
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu
http://jontheechidna.wordpress.com/
http://jontheechidna.wordpress.com/2010/07/05/introducing-qapt-and-the-muon-package-manager/
https://wiki.kubuntu.org/OneiricOcelot/Final/Kubuntu


Crash Reporter strangely suggests Apport UgradeStatus is "No upgrade log present (probably a fresh install)"

This refers to the installation of your operating system, not updates or "upgrades" to your installed programs.  If you fresh-installed 14.04, you'll see this. If you upgraded your operating system from a prior version, you'll see something different.

apport is the name of the error reporting program itself.


There is hope for you. There are programs online that can restore partitions after they have been formatted and are completely "gone."

An example is this: http://www.partition-recovery.com/

I've never made your specific mistake, but I did accidentally format the wrong partition and loose all of my files, and a software like this brought it back. I would recommend finding a software that offers a trial edition to test to see if it can access some of your lost files, before running out and purchasing\"downloading" something.


Can I use Kubuntu Live CD to install kubuntu-desktop package on a Ubuntu installation?

First make two directory to mount the iso and squashfs filesystem.
Part 1: Get all required deb files
Open the terminal and execute these :
mkdir /tmp/iso
mkdir /tmp/filesystem

Then mount the iso and the live filesystem inside the iso:
sudo mount -o loop <path-to-iso-file/kubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso> /tmp/1
sudo mount -o loop /tmp/iso/casper/filesystem.squashfs /tmp/filesystem

Then make a directory to create all the dependencies of kubuntu-desktop package
mkdir ~/kubuntu-desktop-repacked , I assume you have created this in your home directory.
Then issue this command in the terminal
sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

and copy the packages name after the line The following NEW packages will be installed:
you can save the packages name in a new file.
Then generate all the required packages by this command, (make sure you are in a folder for repackaged files, in this case 'kubuntu-desktop-repacked' )
sudo dpkg-repack --root=/tmp/filesystem <all-the-names-of-packages-you-copied>

then press Enter, wait until it finishes.
Part 2: Create a local repository
Now you have all the deb files required for kubuntu-desktop package. you need to install these packages now from your local computer, to do this, you need to setup a local repository.
Open a terminal and cd to the folder where all the deb files reside. (here, kubuntu-desktop-repacked)
Now Issue this command in the terminal
apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages

This will create a file with the name Packages which apt will use to get information about your local repository.
Now open the /etc/apt/sources.list file with administrative power, to inform apt that you have a local repository with neccessary packages.
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

will open gedit with the files, it should have already many repository line already.
At the top of file, add the following line and save and close the file.
deb file:/home/<path-to-debs-folder> /

replace  with the actual path in your newly repacked debs folder.
In this example this is /home/anwar/kubuntu-desktop-repacked (My user name is anwar, of course your's may be different).
Now issue this command in the terminal to install your desired package_(kubuntu-desktop)_
sudo apt-get install --allow-unauthenticated kubuntu-desktop

This will install all the packages.
Note 1: Trusted repository
This example uses an untrusted local repository, so we issue --allow-unauthenticated switch to the apt-get. You can create a trusted repository also for this same purpose. See the reference line below.
Reference: trusted repository.
Note 2: Still wants to download packages
If you still need to download some other packages, this can be the result of the updates of the online repository. If a package has an updated version on the online repository , the apt system will try to install that package first.  The solution is disable the main repository doing software-properties-gtk command.
Open terminal, type sudo software-properties-gtk and press Enter. Then remove the tick marks from main an universe repository. also disable the update repository in the updates tab
Then update the repository cache by doing this
sudo apt-get update , you should now install package from your local repository.
Note 3: Showing broken dependency error
If you already installed some KDE software (usually starts with 'K' letter, such as kate or kile) and the installed softwares are updated version of the packages included in the Live CD, and You disables the main and universe repository from solution of Note 2, You will face a broken dependency error which says "Some packages depends on some other packages, but that packages cannot be installed".
To solve this you can try adding the -t <release> switch to apt-get command.  such as
sudo apt-get install --allow-unauthenticated kubuntu-desktop -t precise,
replace precise with your release (oneiric, or natty, or lucid).
If this does not solves your problem, then enable the main and universe repository again. It will definitely download some packages (updated), but that download will not be huge.
Note 4: Installing dpkg-repack
If you do not have dpkg-repack program, you can install it via terminal by simply issuing this
sudo apt-get install dpkg-repack


I just installed Ubuntu 12.04, but I can't connect to WIFI

If you google the Realtek RTL8188 you will see that lots of people have problems with it, regardless of the kernel and drivers. You might have to spend a lot of energy to get it to work. In my case, I was able to connect with that card, but performance was very poor and there were lots of disconnects (it was unusable).

I initially tried an external USB dongle (Panda Ultra Wireless-N), which immediately solved the problem. I then eBayed an Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6205 and just swapped out my internal card with it... have had no problems since. The cards are inexpensive ~$10 US on Amazon)...


You have confused the service (ssh) with the name of the daemon providing the service (sshd).

service sshd status

Will show you more.

As will

sudo service --status-all


How to permit a standard user open the partitions without requiring the Admin password?

To achieve this, edit the /etc/sudoers file using the command sudo visudo and add the line xyz ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/mount, /usr/bin/umount to the last. Install vim editor beforehand in case it is not installed.


A .desktop file will either open an URL, or run a command, but not both at the same time. To have it open the URL and do something with the created windows, combine both actions in the exec = line.

There are two ways you can combine two actions on an Exec = line.

Pass multiple commands to your shell using a construct such as sh -c "command 1; command 2". This is a way to pass two commands through a single command: anExec=` line handles only a single command.
Create a bash script containing the needed commands, and call that bash script in your Exec= line.

Thus, delete the line URL=, and change the Exec= line to

sh -c 'google-chrome https://www.youtube.com/ && xdotool search "google chrome" windowactivate --sync key F11'

You can replace sh by bash. Instead of && you could also use ;, but the former will make sure the xdotool command is only executed if the first command is executed successfully.

If there is a timing issue, then try inserting a pauze, e.g.

...&& sleep 0.3 && xdotool

would wait for 0.3 seconds before executing xdotool. xdotool also has a build-in sleep command, so && xdotool sleep 0.3 search should also do the trick.


Saving and reusing mate-terminal configuration

You are going in the right direction.
To backup settings and profiles use:
dconf dump /org/mate/terminal/ > bkp

To restore use:
dconf load /org/mate/terminal/ < bkp

Practical example about profiles is available in other Q&A.
If you want to have customized tab layout - then Terminator may be a good choice. It uses the same VTE library under the hood.


Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported for first word, TAB lisits possible command completions

In my case the problem was with the filesystem as my mount and kernel file where missing or corrupt.
The only was to install Ubuntu again and do manual file allocation.
The steps which i figured it out was.

Step1 : make a live usb.

Step2 : was to start live Ubuntu 14.04.06 and use gparted to remove the /boot/efi (if you have made it while installing as i made it)partition on my computer and make it a free space. Make sure you don't delete any other partition which may cause you problems.

Step 3: start the installation of ubuntu.

Step 4: on the page of installation type select something else as it allows you to manually partition the hard drive.

Step 5: as the manual step start you would see your other partition. Then you need to delete the swap area and make new swap area and /boot/efi partition make sure you don't make any other partition delete.
Then change the mount of the file as made earlier while installing (i had 4 partition / as ext4, /home as ext4 , boot loader and swap area.) So i did change / to once again from do not use this partition to  / and ext4 and /home and ext4 for my home partition.

Step 6: i even made the same user name and password as earlier as i was not confirm weather i would get my files back or not.
So i recommend it.

Step 7: then i started my installation and make sure you don't format the other partition (in my case / and /home). When it give you warning prompt for installation of the .
Let it install success Fully and once installed.
You can recover your file and data.( as in my case all the data where in /home directory.)
And re-install Ubuntu as some problem might occur.
So i Highly recommend to re-install after data recovery.


Will adding a libreoffice ppa automatically update the libreoffice that I just installed from the libreoffice official website?

It is best to remove the LibreOffice from original website

I don't know if the remnants of the other version will create any problems. Removing it is safer. The wiki linked below seems to say the same thing.

You can do it using Ubuntu Software Center or from the terminal. Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:

sudo apt remove libreoffice

This will uninstall the LibreOffice but keep your settings.

Add the PPA

Enter:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/ppa

Update the lists

Enter:

sudo apt update

This will make sure the updated version from the PPA will be installed.

Finally install LibreOffice again

Enter:

sudo apt install libreoffice

Source: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LibreOffice


How to collect laptop hardware information?

This seems to have been discussed before but your needs are a little bit different, I think.

However, take a look at this answer, which contents is placed here for your convenience:

  You may wish to give a try to HardInfo or Phoronics which doesn't
  indeed do as many things as Sandra does, but it shouldn't as we are
  talking about Linux Systems.

  Take a look at:

  Hardinfo at http://hardinfo.berlios.de/HomePage

  From the site: System Profiler and Benchmark HardInfo can gather information about your system's hardware and operating system, perform
  benchmarks, and generate printable reports either in HTML or in plain
  text formats.

  I prefer to use Hardinfo, here is my screenshot of a benchmark in
  action in my system:

  Phoronics at http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/

  From the site: The Phoronix Test Suite is the most comprehensive testing and benchmarking platform available that provides an
  extensible framework for which new tests can be easily added. The
  software is designed to effectively carry out both qualitative and
  quantitative benchmarks in a clean, reproducible, and easy-to-use
  manner.

Additional answers to the original question maybe useful for you.

Good luck!


Ubuntu 16.04 Gnome software does not list all apps

This is a known bug, have to wait until it is resolved.


Unity (Ubuntu) option is missing from login menu

Most likely you removed some packages that depend on Nautilus but did not reinstall them.

Make sure that the package ubuntu-desktop is installed, for example by running

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

in a terminal.


I suspect there may be a bit more to what you want to achieve, besides sharing the environment as you describe, but I'll go with what you've posted

If pair programming isn't a prerequisite, you can just run a virtual machine, like VirtualBox. It can be placed in a shared location accessible to other users. Whoever wants to carry on can fire up the virtual machine and carry on from whatever state it was left in.

Otherwise, have a look at the following official documentation on desktop sharing:

https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/sharing-desktop.html


First, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I recommend a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

sudo nano /etc/default/crda

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

I have worked on more than one case where a space in the name of the SSID or router hindered smooth, constant connection. I recommend that you change the name of your SSID to FamiliaMunoz or Familia_Munoz or some such without any space in the name.

After making these changes, reboot the router. Please test and report.


Is it possible to run `Extract here` or `Compress`/`Create archive`with other archivers than the three listed (in PCManFM)?

I had similar problems with the default file type program associations in ubuntu. You probably need to choose on of those in the list for the auto extract here options to work nicely. That does not mean that you cant change the default archive managing application.

These posts go into some detail about how to change the association manually by editing the files used to map file types with programs.

http://oldpapyrus.wordpress.com/2012/04/25/create-default-file-associations-manually-in-ubuntu-precise/

Where are file associations stored?

How can I change the default text editor from gedit to vim?

To change the stored associations, and priorities. ie which app show up first in a list have a look here.

gvim ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list

Try creating a new entry in the open with menu. I am not sure this will work as different command line programs use different options. A little experimentation my be need to get this working correctly. The problem is most probably linked to the parameters that pacman passes to application.

First, to get 7z (or any app) into the "open with other application" list, you need to create a .desktop file in ~/.local/share/applications with a line in it like this:   Exec=<command> %f.  I just made one called 7z.desktop with these lines:

[Desktop Entry]
Categories=;
Comment=Edit file in Vim
Exec=7z %f
GenericName=Process Viewer
Hidden=false
Icon=vim
Name=Vim
Terminal=true
Type=Application
Version=1.0


Lenovo - E420s - sound from laptop speakers and headphones

I noticed the same problem once I got the most recent updates.

I see you're also using alsa-mixer. If you're using it because PulseAudio was giving you problems, then my solution might work.

It seems that PulseAudio got reinstalled (at least partially) with this round of updates. Once I removed Pulse, which you can do with this command:

sudo apt-get autoremove pulseaudio

(with more tips if need be in these instructions) I was able to reconfigure my speakers and headphones again in alsa-mixer, and everything works.

I hope that'll do it for you. (Thanks for the tip, Mitch)


Printers disappeared from system-config-printer- 16.04 - xfce4

I also need to copy cupsd.conf.default  file, as others here: CUPS service not working, can't find any logs. This problem seem to appears often! :/

Check if you're in the same case as us:

 locate cupsd.conf.default

If it is not in /etc/cups/cupsd.conf, then copy it:

sudo cp /usr/share/cups/cupsd.conf.default /etc/cups/cupsd.conf

And restart cups

sudo service cups restart

Everything should be back. Thanks ec2011.


Python packages not found while running cron jobs even after using sudo pip install

I had the same issue on Ubuntu 18.04 and using the explicit path in the crontab did not work. For some reason, cron did not work and sudo from my account did work. I would have assumed they would be the same but alas, they were not. I came to the conclusion that it was an environment variable issue.

You can simulate the cron issue in sudo by running the following:

sudo bash -c "HOME=FOO;python3 -c \"import xgboost\""

For me the fix was to have crontab call a shell script which then executes the python script. Also had to set HOME and PYTHONPATH environment variables:

crontab:

# Execute shell script and pipe stdout and stderr to a log file
# Which will enable you to see what's going on in real time
* * * * * <your_path>/yourscript.sh  >> <your_path>yourscript_cron.log 2>&1

yourscript.sh:

#!/bin/bash
echo yourscript.sh called: `date`
HOME=<your_home_dir>
PYTHONPATH=<path_to_dist_packages>
cd <path_to_your_python_script>
<python_executable> ./<your_python_script> 2>&1 1>/dev/null


Accidently deleted partition now stuck in grub error: unknown filesystem

Get a copy of the Ultimate Boot Cd and boot your Pc with that.
Launch "Parted Magic"  from the menu
When the boot completes, launch "TestDisk" from the menu.
Follow the on-screen instructions to perform a quick scan of the drive in question. It's not quick but does usually work. It can scan for "lost" partitions by looking for markers common to the different file system types then offer to repair the MBR based on what it finds.


Set up users on Xubuntu with a workspace plugin and 2 workspaces

The panels
Install Panel Profiles in all the machines you want to customize:
sudo apt install xfce4-panel-profiles -y
Replicating panels

Create your custom panel
Backup your panel(s) to your home folder using xfce4-panel-profiles save ~/myPanel.bak
Copy myPanel.bak to the home folder of the users you want to customize
For every user, load the configuration with xfce4-panel-profiles load ~/myPanel.bak

Customize Workspaces

Set the amount of workspaces with xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/workspace_count -s X, where X is the number of workspace you want

You can probably script this using ssh, but thats beyond the scope of this answer

Other userful xconf settings:

Window Manager theme xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/theme -s 'THEME_NAME'
GTK theme xfconf-query -c xsettings -p /Net/ThemeName -s 'THEME_NAME'
Thunar location bar style xfconf-query -c thunar -p /last-location-bar -s 'XXX', where XXX can be either ThunarLocationButtons or ThunarLocationEntry


Will a manually installed program over a program isntalled by repository be replaced back on upgrade?

As always, it depends. This is one of the potential problems when installing from source, the names and locations of libraries and binaries can conflict between apt (apt-get) and sudo make install

There are 2 general solutions:

First - Installing source code into /usr/local - minimizes conflicts with system files in /usr

This is what I generally do

./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
sudo make install

Second - Probably better, use check install

sudo apt-get install checkinstall
./configure
make
sudo checkinstall

This makes a .deb from your source code and thus works better with apt. The package can then be installed and removed similar to any other .deb.

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CompilingEasyHowTo

You would then put the package on hold

see How to prevent updating of a specific package?

and then update the package, manually downloading the source code and re-compiling (with checkinstall) or taking it off hold and using the ubuntu repositories (apt).

Note: IMO installing into /usr/local is LEAST likely to result in problems with system files as it is cleaner (keeps the source files and system files completely separate). checkinstall is very relilable, but, if there is a conflict you can break the system.


How do I select the keyboard layout when I log into my Kubuntu 14.04 machine?

take a look at this link.select German as the input source


The instructions you have followed is an old thread. Probably there might be some issue with the version. I recommend you to go to the official website for downloading the Debian package (Link).
After downloading, performing
sudo dpkg -i file_name.deb will help you to install the package.
Note: Links are subjected to change and could be broken. Always refer the official website for confirming version of any package before downloading.


Where does apt-get install get packages from?

Whenever you call apt-get update the repositories contained in the sources.list get read, this tells apt-get from where to get packages lists. This list get downloaded and stored in /var/lib/apt/lists for posterior use. These are lists of all packages available from the repositories you selected. Even if you remove your sources.list, this list will be available for APT. That's why you should always do update whenever you add/remove/modify a repository, to keep these lists updated.

How does the terminal know that chromium-browser is a valid package to install?

"The terminal" knows nothing. APT read all the lists in /var/lib/apt/lists and determine if the package is available. If the package is not found in any of the lists, you will get:

E: Unable to locate package <package>

Is there some list of all packages that can be installed?

This changes from repository to repository. Your local copy/list of your active repositories is found in /var/lib/apt/lists.

How does it find the packages?

$ sudo apt-get check
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done

The line of interest is

Reading package lists... Done

which tells you that APT reads the list, from /var/lib/apt/lists.


Problems with Thinkpad w520 nvidia driver which were actually due to a broken uninstall of prime-select

This was not a bug with the nvidia driver.
The nvidia driver was being blacklisted due to a residual file in /etc/modprobe.d from prime-select, the Ubuntu Optimus tool. I have not seen this before. Something odd in the upgrade from 17.10 to 18.04 perhaps, somehow prime-select did not clean up after itself. I will leave this answer here in case it's of help to someone else.

The W520 works fine with the 390 driver.

* NOTE * activating prime sync in ubuntu 18.04's new nvidia packages requires a subtle configuration change.

option nvidia_drm modeset=1

if you are using a zz_nvidia.conf file in /etc/modprobe.d
Note that the version number of the driver is no longer included in the module name.


Is there some application to download files from popular file hosting websites?

Firefox has an add-on for that purpose, called Skipscreen.

Description from AMO:

  Skips unnecessary pages on sites like
  Rapidshare, Megaupload, zShare,
  Mediafire, and more. Try it out, or
  watch a demo at
  http://www.skipscreen.com

  Why click through ad-laden pages and
  wait for countdowns when your computer
  can do it for you


Your symlink points to the device file associated with the USB drive. That's different from the mount point where you can access the file system on your USB drive.

As a device file is not a directory you can't use cd with a device file or a symlink pointing to a device file.


I wrote about this issue some time ago; please look it up on my blog. First, you need to download gtk-theme-switch  and gtk2-engines-oxygen . Then, start up gtk-theme-switch2 and select oxygen as the new theme. After restarting your application, your kde application should look normal again.

sudo apt-get install gtk-theme-switch gtk2-engines-oxygen
gtk-theme-switch2


syslog, kernlog, xorg.log - is it safe to post them?

There can always be private/sensitive info in them. You should review any file before posting it online, including logfiles.


I've done this before, add the toram option to the grub/grub.cfg file, turning the

linux ... noeject noprompt --

boot line into

linux ... noeject noprompt toram --

If you've got the live iso on a usb drive with a FS that's writable it's a lot easier, just mount & edit the grub file.
If you're using a cd/dvd or just dd'ing the iso straight to a usb then you'll have to edit the iso file before writing it, changing the grub file first and then write to cd/usb. I once found a nice little gui program that could do that, could've been isomaster but not sure. Or extract files -> edit -> make new iso with anything like mkisofs, k3b, brasero, etc.

(FYI, I can't recommend dd'ing an iso to usb, less than optimal and shreds the usb's MBR/fat)

Using the toram option is different from the regular overlayfs (formerly aufs?) that all Ubuntu (all Debian too?) live iso's use. This option copies all the needed data from the cd/dvd/usb into ram, so you can remove or edit the cd/usb, and generally run with ram FS read/write speeds (+2GB/sec) instead of cd/usb speeds (1-10MB/sec). But the expense is using up about a GB of ram.


Gmail SMTP

Server: smtp.gmail.com **or** smtp.googlemail.com
Port: 465
Security: SSL/TLS
Password: Normal Password

Other Potential Problems

Some ISP's block outbound SMTP connections.  Typically, they will only block port 25 outbound, but it could be that your ISP doesn't want you connecting to any other SMTP servers.

Your gmail or Google Apps account must have IMAP/SMTP enabled in your Account Settings.


Dual Desktop Setup / Extended. Mouse gets stuck at edges if it does not have same resolution

you can check this answer.

How do I disable mouse magnet on middle edge with multi monitors?

In case you are using Nvidia, ensure that a primary monitor is set using "Nividia X Server settings".

Cheers.
Senthil Gopal


Terminal flashing between current and previous screen

It's possible this is a compiz/nvidia bug.

I noticed very similar "screen flashing" that seemed tied to screen redraws, e.g. chunks of the screen would redraw strangely as the cursor blinked, or if I turned off the blinking cursor, would just fail to redraw at the right time.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xorg/+bug/1314367/ describes the following workaround:

  To fix it, you get CompizConfig Settings Manager (ccsm) and you go
  down to "Workarounds" in the "Utility" Category and check the box that
  says "Force full screen redraws (buffer swap) on repaint".

...which seems to have worked for me. At least for now.


Xubuntu new install: need scanner driver

Here are the steps needed to install using the file you already downloaded.

Double-click iscan-bundle-1.0.2.x86.deb.tar.gz and extract to your home folder (it's the same folder that contains Documents, Music, etc.); you should see there a new folder with the name iscan-bundle-1.0.2.x86.deb
Open the terminal (it opens by default in your home folder) and do cd iscan-bundle-1.0.2.x86.deb, press Enter; you're now at the iscan-bundle-1.0.2.x86.deb folder
Run the installer script with ./install.sh (./ indicates the file install.sh is inside the folder you're already in)


Syncing WM6  Evolution.... opensync-module-python missing?

You can use the following PPA to overcome that problem, the missing package is in here..

https://launchpad.net/~opensync/+archive/opensync-0.22?field.series_filter=maverick


Why does my computer run slower on ubuntu than on Windows?

It's generally a matter of whether your CPU and/or GPU is better optimized on Windows or Linux kernel you are using. In addition, there may be performance differences b/w Windows and Ubuntu on the device drivers with your peripherals or GPU.  Manufacturers usually provide-optimized device drivers to Windows (e.g., Nvidia).


Permanently re-enable Chromium extensions in 16.04

--disable-extensions should only apply to the session you launched with that parameter.  It does not change settings.  Are you sure you did not do anything else, like delete/rename your session directory as well?

See my post here for a work around and test packages for the original crash issue.


Installed Nginx with Apache Ubuntu 14.04

There are several ways to run Apache side by side with nginx on the same machine.

Here's one way: assuming you have both Apache and nginx installed on Ubuntu/Debian, follow these instructions.

The end result will be Apache as a "master" server and nginx as an Apache virtualhost.

Change the port for nginx

Open the nginx default site:

cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
sudo cp default default.bak
sudo nano default

Change the port on the listen lines under server from 80 to 81:

…
server {
    listen 81 default_server;
    listen [::]:81 default_server ipv6only=on;
…

Save and exit nano.

Enable the required modules for Apache

sudo a2enmod proxy_http

Set up the virtual host

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available
sudo nano nginx.conf

Paste this in to nano:

<VirtualHost *:80>

    # (optional) Set a ServerName:
    # ServerName nginx.mydomain.com

    # Set the below line to your desired subdomain:
    ServerAlias nginx.*

    <Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
    </Directory>

    ProxyRequests Off
    <Proxy *>
            Order deny,allow
            Allow from all
    </Proxy>

    # Forward requests to nginx (port 81)
    ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:81/
    ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:81/

</VirtualHost>

Note the ServerName and ServerAlias in the file above. Change these to your desired domain if you have one.

Save and exit nano.

If you don't have a domain and/or would like to run it locally only, open /etc/hosts:

sudo nano /etc/hosts

Then add these two lines to the bottom (you may change nginx.localhost to what you desire):

# nginx
127.0.0.1       nginx.localhost

Now enable nginx on Apache:

sudo a2ensite nginx
sudo service apache2 restart

View in your browser

http://nginx.localhost (or your desired domain that you configured)

A couple of notes

If you run PHP-FPM you'll have to set the SERVER_NAME, SERVER_PORT and HTTP_HOST variables to match Apache: http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html#variables
If you have any issues with starting nginx always check the error.log (in Ubuntu I had to sudo su to even see inside the log folder)


Can't log into Ubuntu. How to remove the ATI Catalyst driver?

When booting, press and hold shift key to get the GRUB menu, and enter the recovery mode:

Then drop into the root shell prompt:

You will be given a command line interface. Issue these commands to remove ATI drivers:

  sudo apt-get remove fglrx
     sudo apt-get remove fglrx-updates

If you have manually installed the ATI driver by downloading the installer package, you can use it to remove the driver as well:

  sudo ./amd-driver-installer-*.run --uninstall

You will need to install the open source ATI driver as well:

  sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati


How do I install Ubuntu 14 with UEFI and software raid0 on GPT SDDs

The 1 mb bios_grub partition is for bios booting, not efi.  For EFI, you need one disk to have a 100 mb fat32 partition flagged as bootable and mounted to /boot/efi.  You do not need a /boot partition at all, so you just need two partitions on each disk, combined into two raid arrays, one for / and one for swap.  The server installer should set this all up for you automatically if you choose the guided raid option.


How do I install Ubuntu 11.10 on an Acer travelmate 240

bcbc appears to have essentially answered the question in a comment:

  The 'backend' error is a wubi bug, but it only occurs after the ISO is
  rejected. So there is likely a problem with the DVD (which explains
  why you can't boot from it) and perhaps the ISO (which might explain
  why the USB stick fails as well)

– bcbc Feb 28 '12 at 17:42

So the error only happens after Wubi looked at the files on the CD and found it not to be the right file. This is usually due a corrupted or damaged ISO or CD/DVD/USB, so:

MD5 test the ISO image. If it's bad, download the ISO again (and MD5 test that one too).
If your DVD and USB flash drive were created from an ISO image with a valid MD5SUM:

Make sure you are writing the USB flash drive and burning the DVD correctly. Try making them again. (You'll need a new DVD but you can use the same flash drive.)
Try burning the DVD at the slowest possible speed. This can sometimes reduce the risk of errors, or of physical damage to the DVD's surface if your DVD media are not entirely compatible with your DVD writer. (This applies to CD's too, to a degree.)
That should let you install a normal Ubuntu system, alongside (or in place of) your Windows system. I recommend that, as it performs a bit better and is considerably easier to fix if something goes wrong. However, if you prefer to use Wubi, you can install without having to prepare a CD/DVD or USB drive at all. Just make an empty folder, and put the ISO image and wubi.exe in the folder. (You can get wubi.exe here.) Then run wubi.exe.

Also please note that if you're able to boot an Ubuntu CD/DVD or USB flash drive, you can test the burn/write itself using this method (also explained here). This is highly advisable, especially if you've already experienced problems like you have.


Is Ubuntu 15.10 safe for an Ubuntu beginner?

No. (BTW bugs are not intentional features.) Only when using a beta version should you expect major problems.

What you really should be looking for is whether or not your hardware works with Ubuntu. Check that upfront by looking online or by using the Live feature of the installer. Most hardware is fine with Linux, however, and the main problem is generally graphics. AMD and NVIDIA are usually fine (although NVIDIA does cause problems). Other graphics cards are a hit or miss. SIS (if those are still around) is crap.

Another thing to worry about is what WiFi card you have. If you have one and it's Broadcom, take a look here. You need to be somewhat comfortable with a command line to follow it.

Printers: HP is good. Most others are problematic if they're newer models (In general Linux works better on hardware that was released a while ago since some volunteer needs to add it to the hardware stack and it can take some time before someone with the necessary knowledge can get a hold of the hardware).

No. Security on Linux in general is as good as it gets, and it ismuch  better than how Microsoft does it. But with security it is most of the time the user that is the problem: clicking on stuff one should not click; installing stuff you should not install; etc. Our software center is wonderful in that regard: no browsing the web for software, having you end up on some obscure website. Not handing out your admin password helps a lot.

The best thing to do is to install the newest LTS version (now 14.04). That one tends to be rock solid after a few months of release and only offers the next LTS version as an upgrade path by default.

And just to make it clear: my 70 year old mother is using Ubuntu 14.04 for internet, emails, newsletters, listening to music, and watching YouTube videos. She even told me she found a very good Dutch instruction site for using Libreoffice Writer. And she brags to her friends about having a system that does not get viruses when one of them complains about Windows needing to be re-installed.

If she can use it so can you.


Getting the list of available parameters for a Wacom device

Murat gave the right answer to this question already. This is just to add some knowledge on top of it.

xinput --list-props <device_name>

also shows some properties that can be modified/retrieved through the xinput interface. However, property names here may not be compatible with xsetwacom.


Find out which file a process is writing when PID changes all the time

We may use pidof to determine the PID(s) of an application for iotop

sudo iotop -p $(pidof chromium-browser | sed -r 's/[ ]+/ -p /g')

For any other command needing a different separator of the PID list replace the separator in the sed command, e.g.

top -p $(pidof chromium-browser | sed -r 's/[ ]+/,/g')
sudo lsof -p $(pidof chromium-browser | sed -r 's/[ ]+/,/g')


Unallocated space partition to Primary Partition

Make sure that you have a good backup of your important Ubuntu files, as this procedure can corrupt or lose data.
Keep these things in mind:

always start the entire procedure with issuing a swapoff on any mounted swap partitions, and end the entire procedure with issuing a swapon on that same swap partition

a move is done by pointing the mouse pointer at the center of a partition and dragging it left/right with the hand cursor

a resize is done by dragging the left/right side of a partition to the left/right with the directional arrow cursor

if any partition can't be moved/resized graphically, you may have to manually enter the specific required numeric data (don't do this unless I instruct you to)

you begin any move/resize by right-clicking on the partition in the lower pane of the main window, and selecting the desired action from the popup menu, then finishing that action in the new move/resize window

Do the following...
Note: if the procedure doesn't work exactly as I outline, STOP immediately and DO NOT continue.

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted
move sda4 partition all the way left
move sda5 partition all the way left
move sda6 partition all the way left
resize the right side of sda6 all the way right
click the Apply icon


Is it possible to install Adobe Master Collection CS5.5 into ubuntu without using a Virtual Windows?

Try installing the suite with Wine.

According an entry from the WineHQ, a 'working installer for the entire CS5 suite or individual products may be created by using the AppDeploy Repackager on a supported platform. The resulting MSI package installs silently and works almost perfectly.'

These claims date from last year, however!
The installation may work without a hitch with the latest version of Wine; or it may not work at all. The best way to find out is to try it yourself.


In Ubuntu 18.04,

gsettings set org.gnome.mutter edge-tiling false

turns off maximizing a window when it's dragged up against the top bar. Unfortunately, it also turns off dragging a window left or right to maximize windows vertically while resizing them to half the screen width.

gsettings reset org.gnome.mutter edge-tiling

resets the default.


Logitech Solar Keyboard K750 Only Works in USB 2.0 but not in USB 3.0

Hope this link helps :)

http://logitech-en-amr.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/38032/section/troubleshoot/crid/404/lt_product_id/7454/tabs/1,3,2,4,5/cl/us,en

Have Fun !


How to remove Lubuntu LXDE applications when upgrading to Lubuntu LXQt?

The switch from LXDE (18.04) to LXQt (18.10) was a huge one, and the Lubuntu team recommended a clean install rather than upgrade for a number of reasons

  The most major and notable problem is that upgrading Lubuntu from
  18.04 to 18.10 causes a fair amount of issues. Therefore, we are not officially supporting this upgrade path at this time, however we have
  prepared a page in the Lubuntu Manual which can help address the
  problems that arise after the upgrade.

https://lubuntu.me/cosmic-released/

The Lubuntu team however wrote notes, for their official manual (https://manual.lubuntu.me/D/upgrading.html)

Please note: The manual now reflects 19.04 which is the latest, but the detail you specifically asked about had this written

  After the installation, reboot into the new 18.10 system. You be
  greeted by a new login screen that is the SDDM display manager and a
  notification that this is now your first time running LXQt Power
  Management.

  Many of the old applications will not be removed. Newer and often
  times more featureful, Qt-based applications with the same
  functionality are installed during the upgrade. Having many
  unnecessary applications could bloat your system and isn't the true
  Lubuntu experience, so uninstalling them may be a good idea. The
  following command will remove unnecessary applications:

  .. code::

  sudo apt purge leafpad file-roller galculator gpicview xpad xfburn
  simple-scan mtpaint pidgin sylpheed transmission-gtk abiword evince
  gnumeric audacious gnome-mpv guvcview pcmanfm gdebi lxterminal
  hardinfo lightdm lxpanel lxsession obconf gnome-software
  gnome-disk-utility system-config-printer-gnome lxhotkey-gtk synaptic
  update-manager lxpolkit lxtask lxshortcut blueman usb-creator-gtk
  evince-common

  To remove uneeded dependencies enter the following command:

  .. code::

  sudo apt autoremove

I'm copying this from the Lubuntu team's phab infrastructure, sorry I don't know how to navigate it as a normal user.  I know the manual will show release specific pages in the future, but I don't know if it's already been implemented and or to operate it sorry.  It could be this wasn't published officially because of the decision to not-support 18.04 to 18.10 upgrades