It is not really clear where these lines come from, what has crashed, etc. What 'last' command are you running? As far as I know, the last command you would normally run is this one: show listing of last logged in users (from its man-page).

Are you checking last reboot ? If so and this means your system crashed before a reboot, you can start by checking out the system logs:

less /var/log/syslog

or, if that is too new

less /var/log/syslog.1

If you need an older entry they are most likely gzipped, zo use

zcat /var/log/syslog.2.gz

In some versions (server install) you might need special permissions to read these files, so if you get a

/var/log/syslog: Permission denied

error you need to prepend your commands with sudo

sudo less /var/log/syslog


Unable to login in Virtual Machine in ubuntu 15.10

CTRL + Alt + F1 in the Login screen to access terminal
apt-get remove --purge < full name of the package you just installed)
whereis < full name of package >
manually remove everything related to that package
sudo reboot


Tint2 do not startup when Unity boot in first time

tint2 dev here. From what you say it sounds like tint2 crashes the first time it is launched after boot. Hard to say why as I have not seen other reports of this.

Unfortunately the version packaged in Ubuntu is quite old; you could try removing it and compiling from source the latest one: https://gitlab.com/o9000/tint2/wikis/home


You can try to boot in recovery mode: How do I boot into recovery mode?

Or you can also follow this guide:
How to fix “The system is running in low-graphics mode” error?

Hope it helps, good luck!


After installing Ubuntu 20.04, can I remove older versions of Python?

Certainly Ubuntu 20.04 does not need the older versions of Python you mentioned, but you may have scripts of your own that might have "wired-in" a default interpreter (#!/usr/bin/python   etc.).


How do I install drivers for the Panasonic MB1900CX All-in-One Printer/Scanner?

1. Installing the 64-bit printer driver:

You can download it from the Panasonic webpage you linked. Here's how to install the 64-bit driver:

Open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T, and type/paste the following line-by-line:

wget -O- http://cs.psn-web.net/support/fax/common/file/Linux_PrnDriver/Driver_Install_files/mccgdi-2.0.3-x86_64.tar.gz | tar -xz
cd mccgdi-2.0.3-x86_64
sudo ./install-driver

You should see output like the below, after which the driver will be installed. Once it's working, you can renmove the mccgdi... folder from Nautilus.

start  install......
start install files......
restart spooler - CUPS
Rather than invoking init scripts through /etc/init.d, use the service(8)
utility, e.g. service cups restart
Since the script you are attempting to invoke has been converted to an
Upstart job, you may also use the stop(8) and then start(8) utilities,
e.g. stop cups ; start cups. The restart(8) utility is also available.
cups stop/waiting
cups start/running, process 2824
install driver completed
please use "system-config-printer" or "lpadmin" to add printer

2. Installing the 32-bit scanner driver on 64-bit Ubuntu

There is no guarantee this will actually work, since I don't have a MB1900CX to test it...
You have already installed ia32-libs so you shouldn't need the following, but if dpkg complains trying to install the scanner drivers, you should do the following in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install gcc-4.6-base:i386 libc6:i386 libgcc1:i386 libusb-0.1-4:i386
Download the 32-bit Panasonic libsane driver with:

wget http://cs.psn-web.net/support/fax/common/file/Linux_ScanDriver/libsane-panamfs-1.0.0-i386.deb
And install it with:

sudo dpkg -i libsane-panamfs-1.0.0-i386.deb
If all goes well, you will see output like the below, and your scanner functions should also work:

Selecting previously unselected package libsane-panamfs:i386.
(Reading database ... 150731 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libsane-panamfs:i386 (from libsane-panamfs-1.0.0-i386.deb) ...
Setting up libsane-panamfs:i386 (1.0.0-2) ...


What is the name of the printer config app

On my 18.04 64 bit system with LXDE desktop, it's system-config-printer.


Loaded config into notepad ++.
Searched for each object and deleted if required

Painful but it works :(


I just had the same problem. I used sudo modprobe uvcvideo to reconnect/reinitialize (?) the camera.


Black window covers almost the entire desktop / screen

I have resolved my problem.
Launched Xdiagnose located in /usr/share/applications and selected Disable bootloader graphics.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Troubleshooting/BlankScreen


I was able to get this working on a physical server over the weekend and did a writeup on my blog: http://darylwinsinger.blogspot.com/2012/09/installing-mpd-on-ubuntu-server.html

Basically, you need to install alsa, lame (for mp3 support if needed), and mpd. This can be done via sudo apt-get install alsa lame mpd. Configure your volume levels using sudo alsamixer, configure mpd with what folder the music is in via the music_directory in /etc/mpd.conf (make sure the mpd user can read that folder, its subfolders, and all the files contained therein as noted in the mpd config file), and configure mpd to listen on on the correct IP address via the bind_to_address in /etc/mpd.conf (or just comment that line which will cause mpd to default to "any"). Assuming all of those steps have been completed, you can narrow the issue down to an issue with the VM playing sound through VMware. "swift" already provided a link on how to install the VMware tools as a comment on Corey's answer.

Note: I used VirtualBox for my testing before rolling this out to the physical server as the config and management may be a little limited in VirtualBox, but is easier to set up each new VM.


Hmm...Something is failing in your computer. Try  this:

Burn a Live CD or USB drive of 11.10. Once it's burned, boot into the live version of Ubuntu. Once you're into Ubuntu, open the app "System Testing". Run the tests, and see if something fails. If a test fails, you will know what component is failing. It might also be a good time to recover data, if you have not already. If the Live CD/DVD doesn't boot, it is not the hard drive that is failing.

Hope this helps!


Windows 8 OEM on Dell Desktop, Installed Ubuntu on partition, reboot to see only 'grub >'

If Boot Repair didn't do anything helpful, try the following:

Disable Secure Boot. Unfortunately, the details of how to do this vary from one computer to another.
Download the CD-R or USB flash drive version of my rEFInd boot manager.
Create a CD-R or USB flash drive of rEFInd.
Boot from the rEFInd medium you've created. With any luck, you'll see the rEFInd menu with options for Windows and Linux. (You'll probably see multiple options for each OS.)
Test these options. With any luck, at least one Windows option and at least one Linux option will work. Some of these options will bring you to your non-functional grub> prompt, though.
If you can boot both Linux and Windows, install the rEFInd Debian package in Linux.

At this point, rEFInd should come up as your primary boot loader. The trick is then to clean up the unwanted boot entries, which you can do by deleting .efi files from the /boot/efi/EFI directory tree in Linux and/or by using the dont_scan_files and dont_scan_dirs options in /boot/efi/EFI/refind/refind.conf. Be careful what you delete, though. (I recommend making a backup of the entire /boot/efi directory tree; that way you can restore it if you make a mistake.)


Can't SSHing to Ubuntu via hostname and port other than 22

In Terminal on OS X when using ssh to establish a remote connection using a hostname on a local network, add the suffix .local such that the command reads ssh username@hostname.local  If you need to override the default port 22, as your example of using port 2222, add -p 2222 to the command. You can also set this up in Terminal's "New Remote Connection.." dialog (Command-Shift-K) for easy access.


How to define keys for switching to viewport left/right under Ubuntu 17.10 with Unity

Forget about compiz-config-settings-manager and got to a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and type:

gsettings list-recursively org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings | grep --ignore-case switch

Which will give you a list of all the unity switch keys:

org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-down ['<Control><Alt>Down']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-windows ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-windows-backward ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-input-source ['<Super>space']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-input-source-backward ['<Shift><Super>space']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-1 ['<Super>Home']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-2 ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-3 ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-4 ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-panels ['<Control><Alt>Tab']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-panels-backward ['<Shift><Control><Alt>Tab']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-applications-backward ['<Shift><Super>Tab', '<Shift><Alt>Tab']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-7 ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-5 ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-8 ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-9 ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-6 ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-applications ['<Super>Tab', '<Alt>Tab']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-10 ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-11 ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-12 ['disabled']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-left ['<Control><Alt>Left']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-last ['<Super>End']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-group-backward ['<Shift><Super>Above_Tab', '<Shift><Alt>Above_Tab']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-group ['<Super>Above_Tab', '<Alt>Above_Tab']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-up ['<Control><Alt>Up']
org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-right ['<Control><Alt>Right']

then use e.g.:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-to-workspace-7 '<Control><Alt>KP_Home'

to set 7 on the numeric keypad to switch to workspace 7.

switch-to-workspace-right and switch-to-workspace-left are the ones you're specifically looking for...


How do I access my software updater if it doesn't display anywhere?

If you can't get the GUI to work for you, terminal is also great and easy to use:
The basics:
Upgrading your entire system:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Installing new software:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install <package name>

Upgrading to a new release:

sudo do-release-upgrade

Of course, if you are root(whoami), you can drop the sudo


How to boot and install Ubuntu on an AMD Athlon 200GE / Ryzen 2200G / 2400G

1. Launch your kernel with "nomodeset" option:

During the boot process, press and hold SHIFT key. Now you
can see the grub menu.
Press e key on first line to edit it.
Go to line with the quiet splashsentence. Something like: linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-xx-generic root=UUID=xxxx-xxxx-xxxxx ro quiet splash.
Add the nomodeset option between ro and quiet splash. You must
see someting like: linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-xx-generic root=UUID=xxxx-xxxx-xxxxx ro nomedeset quiet splash.
Press Ctrl + X to boot the kernel.

-

2. Proceed with the installation of your distro normally

After the installation and reboot, if the screen remains black on the boot process, repeat the step 1, now editing the options for your installed Linux.

-

3. Update your kernel to, at least, 4.19

Download the .deb files below on this link: https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.19/

linux-headers-4.19.0-xxxxxx_all.deb
linux-headers-4.19.0-xxx-generic(/lowlatency)_xxx_amd64(/i386).deb
linux-modules-4.19.0-xxx-generic(/lowlatency)_xxx_amd64(/i386).deb
linux-image-xxx-4.19.0-xxx-generic(/lowlatency)_xxx_amd64(/i386).deb

Select generic for common system, and lowlatency for a low latency system (e.g. for recording audio), amd64 for 64bit system, i386 for 32bit system, or armhf, arm64, etc for other OS types.

On the folder you downloaded the kernel deb files, open a terminal and run:

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

-

4. Restart your computer

And you are done.


Unable to launch Android SDK Manager in Terminal

The directory contains a file called android, so presumably what they mean is run ./android sdk (unless . happens to part of your PATH). Also see: How to add a directory to the PATH?, so that you don't need to navigate there and run ./android.


Good news for you is the volume group has extra space, so we can attempt a live resize.

WARNING: Any time you modify data on disk or with partitioning, you should have a backup of critical data you want to keep just in case!

First we need to expand the Logical Volume ubuntu-lv to fill the available volume group space.
sudo lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv

Once that completes, if it completes successfully then we just have to expand the filesystem:
sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv

That should expand your Ubuntu root partition to fit the available disk size.
I would reboot afterwards to make sure the system recognizes the changes and any 'out of space' locks go away.


Backspace doesn't work inside running bash script

The problem is that there are many ways to represent a backspace, but the read command doesn't understand all of them. You should be able to configure what exactly is sent when pressing the ← Backspace key in your terminal emulator's settings.

Assuming you're using gnome-terminal as emulator, open the Edit manu and click on Profile preferences. Switch to the Compatibility tab and you should get these options:

Now you can change the Backspace key generates: setting. You have these five options below available to chose from. I added in braces how they behave on my system:

Automatic (works)
Control-H (prints ^H instead)
ASCII DEL (default, works)
Escape sequence (prints ^[[3~ instead)
TTY Erase (works)


Not able to set up Gwibber Online accounts

I went on to enter my proxy details using gconf and dconf editors.

Now I am able to connect to Online accounts.

The funny part is that I didn't do any of this in the LiveUSB, but it worked perfectly there.


You install a version that is too old by one release. The python3_3.8.2-0ubuntu2 it needs at least python3.8 (>= 3.8.2-1~) which is in my cache as the oldest available to me. For the configured error if you run into it again. Use dpkg --configure -a to configure the not configured packages. Your options are to download the last version I show below from Ubuntu's servers or the newest 3.8.5 that is up to date with your installation. You can search on the packages site for Ubuntu or use apt if possible to get the needed files.
root@zeus-H370M:~# apt-cache policy python3.8
python3.8:
  Installed: 3.8.5-1~20.04
  Candidate: 3.8.5-1~20.04
  Version table:
 *** 3.8.5-1~20.04 500
        500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
 3.8.2-1ubuntu1 500
        500 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages
root@zeus-H370M:~# cat /etc/os-release | grep PRETTY
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS"

https://packages.ubuntu.com/
Then there is always the manual solution unpack with ar x file.deb move the files into place if needed and edit the status file /var/lib/dpkg/status to tell it is installed and try it once more. If extracted at the / I think will put them in the proper place to be certain, I would create directory and extract in that then move into place.


Can't update properly on Ubuntu 16.04 using sudo apt-get update. Also cannot install pgadmin3 or oracle-java-8. Says you have held broken packages

At least for the first warning, the solution is to add/renovate the new GPG keys with the following command:

  sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 8B48AD6246925553

  sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 7638D0442B90D010

And for the error in the mariadb, that repository is old; you need to remove the old repository. Add the new GPG key and the new repository address (https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/#mirror=tedeco&distro=Ubuntu&distro_release=xenial--ubuntu_xenial&version=10.2):

  sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:http://mirrors.linsrv.net/mariadb/repo/10.0/debian/dists/wheezy/main/binary-amd64/Packages

  sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 0xF1656F24C74CD1D8

  sudo add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,i386,ppc64el] http://tedeco.fi.upm.es/mirror/mariadb/repo/10.0/ubuntu xenial main'


Here's a minimal working example. Note the following:

tilde (~) doesn't expand inside double quotes, so needs to be outside. Consider replacing download=~/"Downloads" by download="$HOME/Downloads"
don't use ls to generat a list of filename - it will break if any of the filenames has whitespace. Use a shell glob *, and put the results in an array

So:

#!/bin/bash

download=~/"Downloads"

options=( "$download"/* )

select option in "${options[@]}" "quit"; do
  case $option in
    *.tar.gz)
      echo "install some stuff"
      ;;
    "quit")
      break ;;
    *)
      echo "You chose $option" ;;
  esac
done


Unable to mount blank DVD-R disc. Location is already mounted error?

The question is a bit unclear about the exact nature of the problem, but I have had similar problems (including the same error message) while trying to burn .iso images to DVD-R.  And I, too, was thrown off by track by the error message.

What I thought might work, but doesn't (DVD is grayed out):

usb-creator-gtk (Startup Disk Creator)
gnome-disks (Disks)

What unexpectedly did work:

nautilus (Files) -- Just drag the .iso to the file manager opened to the DVD.  When you click the Write to Disc button, it recognizes that the file is an ISO and gives you the option of burning the contents instead of the file.

What also works:

brasero (Brasero Disc Burner) -- this is what nautilus launches anyway
cdrecord -v /dev/cdrom filename.iso

By the way, I was able to get rid of the error message "Unable to mount Blank DVD-R Disc" "Location is already mounted" by using dconf-editor to disable auto-mounting as described here: How to disable automount in nautilus's preferences.  However, my impression is that the message can simply be ignored.  I would consider its presence a bug.

I am running Ubuntu 14.04.


Why are PPA's designed for only latest version of Blender?

A PPA is what it says it is a Personal Package Archive. Its a free service provided by Launchpad for people to distribute software and updates easily.

This also means that everybody can create and maintain a PPA. This could be

Private users who want their additional software packages accessible all in one place.
Developers who want to distribute their software when it is not yet in the official repositories.
Developers who want people to have access to their alpha or beta releases for testing.
Institutions who want to maintain related software collections.
Enthusiasts who want to share everything they like.

  It could be even you to create and maintain a PPA.

Which software version, and what Ubunutu release version will be supported is entirely up to the maintainers of a PPA. The only restriction there is is that the software needs to build on a supported Ubuntu release before we can upload it to our PPA.

Therefore we always will have

  PPAs that contain software versions identical to those in the repositories.
  PPAs with newer stable versions build for older releases.
  PPAs with supposedly stable recent sub-versions not otherwise published.
  PPAs with bleeding edge unstable application releases.
  PPAs with entirely untested or brand new software.

Often we will find several PPAs for both, stable, and unstable releases of a software. It is our own responsibility to choose the appropriate PPA. It is expected that we will suffer from bugs in the unstable testing or development releases of a software.

IRIE Shinsuke, the maintainer of the Blender PPA also provides a variety of other PPAs. In the Blender PPA we will at present also find an older version (2.4.). This may change any time if the maintainer decides to do so.

If you need an interim version to run you may have to download and compile this version by yourself.

Often but not always we will have some information on the contents of a PPA from their description on the PPAs page on Launchpad. For the Blender PPA it says e.g.:

  Blender 2.6 package is (mostly) weekly trunk build. The build may be brought forward or be postponed when the trunk has some serious problem.


Parallel versions of software in the Ubuntu Software Installer

Since you've already figured out why there are two versions of same app. I'll answer your question briefly.

  If there are two versions available, like the Claws Mail example above, which one would be the preferable, and why?

Neither of them is more or less preferred, it all depends on convinience and choices. Deb packages generally depends on some other packages. If those packages aren't found, which generally happens due to incorrect/missing repository information or that Deb package isn't meant for that particular Ubuntu version, dependency problems might occur which has to be investigated. In snaps there is nothing like dependency. Snap packages contain all essential packages/files in a single snap (I'll say they bundle up all dependencies in a single package).

I personally avoid  Snap packages due to memory since it generally stores 3 packages at a time so that you can rollback your snap anytime to a previous version. Also, since snap packages contain all essential files, they are generally large packages. Moreover, dependency of a deb package can satisfy the dependency of some other deb package, thus, saves memory too.

  Which one would be the more stable version?

Both are stable. There is no difference among them. Only their distribution method is different. But as snaps says: Always newest version, so it's expected that new version of packages will arrive on Snaps first and then (may or may not) in repositories.

For example, NetBeans' latest version is 11.0 which is available via Snap but official repositories of Ubuntu still has v8.1 (in 18.04). But then there are other methods to install v11.0 if you want to avoid Snaps.

  Will there be a conflict if I install both versions?

Yes and No. Like if you are currently running Snap version of Chromium, you might not be able to open a window of Chromium installed via APT. But still you can have both versions installed on your system and run only one version at a given time. Also, if you call Chromium from terminal it may be a snap or deb depending on the alternative it is to (determine using which package_name). I believe no other conflicts will be there, they'll stay independent but they may have shared resources.


Slow boot: [drm] probing gen 2 caps for device 8086:151 = 261ac83/e

It looks like you've got a GPU driver issue.  Try using the proprietary drivers (looks like you tried and it helped - sort of).

You said you had a 54 second boot time.  That is outstandingly fast.  Even my best Ubuntu system with an SSD had a 45 second boot time at its best.  Be happy, that's a nice time.

Doing more research, however, this looks like it's a (at least partially) documented bug with an older version of Ubuntu.  I suggest you submit a bug report.


Installing Penguin subtitle player on Ubuntu 17.10

the package is not available for ubuntu 17.10 just yet.
but is available for ubuntu 17.04 and 16.04. you should wait for the release or contact them for adding support in 17.10 or just try building it from source.


Try starting Ubuntu with the following kernel parameters: nomodeset, noquiet, nosplash

Check this link if you need help settings the parameters (boot options): https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Kernel_parameters#GRUB

nomodeset is most important.  It makes the kernel wait to initialize some video settings and use the more dependable but less capable BIOS video mode.  This was described previously here.

noquiet and nosplash just turn off the splash screen so you can hopefully see the ugly startup text scroll by and catch any other possible reason for your issues.


You can reset FileZilla to defaults by making sure that all copies of FileZilla are definitely closed and then running the following command:

mv -v /home/superuser/.config/filezilla/ /home/superuser/.config/filezilla_bak

Then reopen FileZilla which will build a new, clean set of local preferences. This should be enough to get around what is more than likely a bad, local configuration file.


Go to Update manager/settings/auto check for updates ..then set to preferred setting.

From there you can also set to automatically download and install.


How do I Install Avidemux On Ubuntu 16.04.1?

Very easy, run this in your terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rebuntu16/avidemux+unofficial
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install avidemux2.6-gtk avidemux2.6-qt4

Edit: The GTK+ packages are not supported any more since the interface does not work. Users should install the Qt4/Qt5 one instead.


VLC package dependencies cannot be resolved

You need to install unmet dependencies.

You need to install:

libavcodec53 libavcodec-extra-53 libavformat53 to install this
libavcodec53, libgsm1 libschroedinger-1.0-0, libavcodec53, libavcodec-extra-53 libavformat53, gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg, gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad, ffmpeg

Run the following command:

sudo apt-get install libgsm1 libschroedinger-1.0-0 libavcodec53 \
    libavcodec-extra-53 libavformat53 gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg \
    gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad ffmpeg

If it says to install any unmet dependencies then install them first after finishing installing all those dependencies then you should be able to install vlc.

I hope it will help you


How cut a data file that have colums separated by spaces


Kingston HyperX Cloud 2 USB Headphones not working on startup

In my case I started to have this same issue after enabling Ultra Fast Boot or Fast Boot on my motherboard bios, disabling it solves the issue, may be this could help you.

I have the hyperx cloud II, ubuntu gnome 16.04 and a z170 gigabyte motherboard.


I Can't Log In to my Account after Password reset

information you missed when you skipped was - LINK I am going to guess that changing your password gets you through the login, tries to access home and cannot, changing back to original password may actually work. And I would think safe to try. Did the encrypted home have its own pass phrase, that you took note of. If you wanted to you could make a backup of the home (but still encrypted) and if home is on its own partition using dd or pv
dd bs=4M if=/dev/sdx of=/y/home.img status=progress oflag=sync
replacing x & y with your values.


command line to get hidden attribute for file on a NTFS samba share

You can use smbclient to view the share and it shows the DOS attributes.

smbclient //server/share
ls


How do I remove the home directory and Trash icons from the desktop in Ubuntu 19.04?

The simplest method is to execute these two commands in a terminal:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.desktop-icons show-home false
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.desktop-icons show-trash false


If you are new to computers, I think the best way is to go easy, step by step.

I would suggest you to boot with the live CD, then backup your data from it and reinstall; to make it easier, just backup your whole home folder.

Try to grab the latest cd image before doing that. But older releases may work better too, like 10.04 that I still use at work!

If you want to learn more, try to get some logs to we analyze, like dmesg, /var/log/Xorg.0.log; there are more logs around but these may help a lot. Research on them and post a few things that you think may be related to the problem.


Removing the gubbins that installing gnome adds

8 months later, I finally found out what was causing the terminal to look so horrible - terminator got installed. Removing this brought back the much nicer looking "terminal" that I'm used to.


You will have to download the 32-bit version. The 64-bit version is functionally identical, but contains binary files which are entirely different.


Unity 2D isn't offered package beyond Quantal. You are only seeing the version 5.14 because you are using Precise. All development is focussing on UnityNext as noticed by the wiki page of the project:

  Notice: The information on this page is likely to change soon as we switch our development focus to the UnityNext project. For more information about UnityNext, please read the spec.

If you like to have a newer version, either you upgrade to Quantal or wait for UnityNext.


How to restrict xtightvncserver to listen only to localhost connections?

Suggest you amend iptables to block all port 5901 traffic except from localhost, e.g.:

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -i eth1 -s ! localhost --dport 5901 -j DROP
/sbin/service iptables save


How to edit "Most Visited" section of new tab page in Chromium?

"Most Visited" section on new tab in Chrome/Chromium can be edited by hand, by directly changing "Top Sites" sqlite3 database inside Chrome/Chromium with sqlite3 and SQL (or by any other sqlite3 db editor, like sqlitebrowser).

The "Top Sites" database is located in user profile directory, the default one is "~/.config/chromium/Default/Top Sites" (for chrome: ~/.config/google-chrome/default, in windows C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\Local Settings\Application Data\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default).

To edit it, close the Chromium/Chrome and run for GUI editor

sudo apt-get install sqlitebrowser
sqlitebrowser ~/.config/chromium/Default/Top\ Sites

Open thumbnails table in Browse Data tab. We (and forensics experts) can see much more entries than is shown in "Most Visited".

Only eight sites with smallest "url rank" and not blacklisted by user are shown. You can see them with such SQL query (via "Execute SQL" tab in sqlitebrowser or by using sqlite3 ~/.config/chromium/Default/Top\ Sites command line tool):

select url, url_rank, at_top from thumbnails order by url_rank;

Now you can edit the database, changing url_ranks to reorder sites (you should shift half of url_ranks, if you are inserting in middle). You can ever add new url, and change all url_ranks to move your new url into "Most Visited".

When user deleted the site from "Most Visited" section by clicking "x" button, the url is blacklisted in the JSON config file ~/.config/chromium/Default/Preferences, in ntp.most_visited_blacklist section (close the Chrome, open the Preferences with text editor like gedit or vim, search for most_visited_blacklist and see URLHashes of blacklisted sites, implemented as MD5 of url string). You can delete all urls from most_visited_blacklist section (make sure that you have backup of Preferences file)

PS Actual source code of "Most Visited" implementation in Chromium: chrome/browser/history/top_sites_database.cc file, line 438, void TopSitesDatabase::GetPageThumbnails function:

  "SELECT url, url_rank, title, thumbnail, redirects, "
  "boring_score, good_clipping, at_top, last_updated, load_completed, "
  "last_forced FROM thumbnails ORDER BY url_rank, last_forced"));

// Results are sorted by url_rank. For forced thumbnails with url_rank = -1,
// thumbnails are sorted by last_forced.

Descriptions of some table fields are here: chrome/common/thumbnail_score.h

Blacklisting implemented in chrome/browser/history/top_sites_impl.cc, TopSitesImpl::AddBlacklistedURL, TopSitesImpl::RemoveBlacklistedURL (Hmm, used only by test, but not accessible in UI some time after url was blacklisted?)


typing, audio, and video - problems after upgrading to 15.04

I reinstalled 15.04 overtop the existing installation and the problem has gone away. Sadly my display is now set at 1024x768 but I hope a little tweaking will enable my correct video settings.


Does "apt autoremove --purge " also remove configuration files for the related packages that are removed?

Short Answer : Yes, but not every file related to package is deleted as purge doesn't remove data stored by packages inside the home directory or other special directories.

By Standard defination of Purge:-

  Purge - Purge is identical to remove except that packages are removed and purged. Purge meaning that any configuration files are
  deleted too.


18.04, apt-get install stuck @ 100%, "Processing triggers for libapache2-mod-php7.2"

I ended up in the same situation:
"Processing triggers for libapache2-mod-php7.2 (7.2.24-0ubuntu0.18.04.7) ...

Too long with no output (exceeded 10m0s): context deadline exceeded"

Re-ran the installation and it worked. No idea either what goes on with this.
Ubuntu 18.04


You need to be able to boot the 'ISO' file so if you have downloaded it on to the machine you will need to copy it to either a CDROM that you can boot from or other media that the computer can boot from.
The instructions for creating a bootable usb drive might be the easiest way of getting Ubuntu on that machine.


Why does an older kernel source get installed?

To get linux-source 3.19 to Ubuntu 14.04 you need to run

sudo apt-get install linux-source-lts-vivid

But you do not need kernel source to install Nvidia drivers. Headers are enough.


That screen is called the Plymouth splash screen. There are several themes for Plymouth that you can install and use. You can do your own theme, too. Take a look at the following link for more details.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Plymouth


Can cpulimit run a continuous background check?

How to run a command at login?:

  Adding the command to the end of ~/.profile should do the trick (where ~ represents your home directory).

  ..you can start a script from a .desktop file in ~/.config/autostart/

OPTIONS
      -b  --background   run in background

sudo cpulimit -l 30 -b -p $(pgrep -o "unity-panel-service")

If you put a single & at the end of the command on a cli, it's supposed to run the job in the background. And it should find the new pid from the name every time. You can check if its running by:

pgrep -o "cpulimit"

Or create a bash script from it and make the script executable and set it to auto-run using autostart in Ubuntu.


I had the same issue, but once I tried it again, the install went through in about 5 min.


If you use grub2 then the following should do the trick for every installed kernel on every boot:

make a backup copy of /etc/default/grub
Open up /etc/default/grub as root
Change the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="" (if there is more than only quiet and splash between the quotes, keep it!)
save the changes
run sudo update-grub
reboot

This way this change will even be permanent after a kernel update. Also this is the only way that works in grub2 since boot/grub/menu.lst was in grub1 and is not used anymore in grub2.

More about configuring grub2 in ubuntu: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2


What I had to do was

add a new panel by pressing Alt+Super and right click on a panel, and select new panel.
Add Main Menu and indicator applet Appmenu.
Move panel to the top of the screen.


Grub doesn't show up, just grey screen for seconds instead!

Install Grub Customizer

To do that, Open terminal by pressing Ctrl+alt+T, and enter the following commands one by one

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

After installing it open it by this command

grub-customizer

it might ask you for your password

Go to General Settings tab
Check Show menu option under visibility
After you're done click on Save button in upper left corner

That should make Grub menu appear while booting

Original Work


Screen blank ('no signal') after choice "try Ubuntu"

Video mode setting may be failing during the boot process for some reason. You may need to try setting the 'nomodeset' option at boot.

Look here for a guide to change kernel boot options on the Live media: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootOptions#Changing_the_CD_Boot_Option_Configuration_Line


Xubuntu issue - where are the default desktop icons disapeared?

Can't say what's the reason for disappearing icons.  But If you want them back here is
what you do :-

Download Ubuntu-Tweak from here
Install by double clicking.
Open it from the Dash.
Goto Tweaks button(3rd from top left) -> Desktop -> Desktop icons.
Now enable desktop icons and choose the icons you want to show on the desktop.

OR use the following commands.

$ gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.desktop home-icon-visible true
$ gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.desktop computer-icon-visible true
$ gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.desktop trash-icon-visible true


Touchpad does not work for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS with Lenovo Legion Y730

Okay, I have solved it, and believe me this is most probably the only solution; I tried every other things on-line, nothing worked.

First I upgraded to Ubuntu 18.04, but it did not solve the problem.

Then I installed ukuu to upgrade kernel.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:teejee2008/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install ukuu

Then with ukuu:

ukuu --install v4.19.10

Then

sudo shutdown -r now

Now see the magic :)


How to make an indicator to run various commands?

An indicator, running various commands

The answer below is an edited version of this one. Since this question is quite different from that one, decided to specify the answer there to serve in a flexible way to this question, reading both (menu) names and commands from a text file.

The solution

Is an indicator, reading lines from a file, named commands, in which both the name and the command are defined, one set per line. Name (as it appears in the menu)  and command are separated by ||. An example:

Gedit || gedit
Go Home || nautilus $HOME

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import os
import signal
import gi
gi.require_version('Gtk', '3.0')
gi.require_version('AppIndicator3', '0.1')
from gi.repository import Gtk, AppIndicator3

currpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

class Indicator():
    def __init__(self):
        self.app = 'update_setting'
        iconpath = currpath+"/icon.png"
        self.indicator = AppIndicator3.Indicator.new(
            self.app, iconpath,
            AppIndicator3.IndicatorCategory.SYSTEM_SERVICES)
        self.indicator.set_status(AppIndicator3.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)
        self.indicator.set_menu(self.create_menu())

    def getscripts(self):
        cmd_data = [l for l in open(
            os.path.join(currpath, "commands")
            ).read().splitlines()]
        cmd_data = [l.split("||") for l in cmd_data]
        for cmd in cmd_data:
            menuitem = Gtk.MenuItem(cmd[0].strip())
            menuitem.connect("activate", self.run_script, cmd[1].strip())
            self.menu.append(menuitem)

    def create_menu(self):
        self.menu = Gtk.Menu()
        self.getscripts()
        # quit
        item_quit = Gtk.MenuItem('Quit')
        sep = Gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
        self.menu.append(sep)
        item_quit.connect('activate', self.stop)
        self.menu.append(item_quit)
        self.menu.show_all()
        return self.menu

    def run_script(self, widget, script):
        subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", script])

    def stop(self, source):
        Gtk.main_quit()

Indicator()
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL)
Gtk.main()

How to use

Copy the script above into an empty file, save it as run_commands.py
Copy the icon below and save it as (exactly) icon.png in one and the same folder as the script.

Create a text file, also in one and the same folder, (exactly) named: commands (no extension).
Populate the file with your commands and their names, like:

Gedit || gedit
Go Home || nautilus $HOME

Both the names may include spaces and the commands may include arguments.
Run the indicator by the command:

python3 /path/to/run_commands.py


Why are these ruby gems pre-installed on Precise32?

On the hub you mention (https://atlas.hashicorp.com) every creator can publish her own build and share it for free.

Thought this is not obligated most of the times a box is created with a lot of provisioners in mind. Especially a box made by Hashicorp should support many provisioners (puppet, chef, salt, ansible, docker etc).

Furthermore these gems will not harm any other applications except if you do Ruby* tasks. But you can always override/delete etc these gems.


Sadly no, although people are trying. See www.darlinghq.org

Similar Question

You could always run virtualized though...


How can I view what groups a user is in?

If you want to find out which groups a specific user is a member of, you have many choices.

First

Issue id USERNAME command. Groups are listed after groups=.

$ id USERNAME
uid=1000(USERNAME) gid=1000(USERNAME) groups=1000(USERNAME),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),110(lxd),115(lpadmin),116(sambashare)

Second

groups shows all groups a user is member of. Groups are listed after colon (:).

$ groups USERNAME
USERNAME : USERNAME adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lxd lpadmin sambashare

Third

The file /etc/group keeps information about groups. First column (separated with colon) is group name and the last column is users that are members of that group.

$ grep USERNAME /etc/group
adm:x:4:syslog,USERNAME
cdrom:x:24:USERNAME
sudo:x:27:USERNAME
dip:x:30:USERNAME
plugdev:x:46:USERNAME
lxd:x:110:USERNAME
USERNAME:x:1000:
lpadmin:x:115:USERNAME
sambashare:x:116:USERNAME


All files created during an Ubuntu live session must be stored outside of this live session if we want to keep them.

You should therefore educate you users how to mount an existing internal or external drive, or an USB stick for storing their data. This can even be an additional partition in the USB drive you had booted the live system from but it can't be the virtual drive that was created by the live session.

If that drive was formatted with a Linux filesystem you need to take care of file permissions. Storing files on a Windows filesystem (e.g. NTFS, FAT32) will not have permission issues.


Apache2 - SSH - LetsEncrypt SSL - Certbot - Proxy - Manual Setup: How to achieve this?

Certbot has three ways to validate your ownership of the domain to letsencrypt. Two of them (http and tls-sni) open a port and serve a certain piece of content (http) or a certificate (tls-sni); both of them aren't usable for you since the domain (as you said) does not point to the host where you are running certbot.

The third way (dns) and is perfect for your scenario.
To quote the certbot documentation:

  When using the dns challenge, certbot will ask you to place a TXT DNS record with specific contents under the domain name consisting of the hostname for which you want a certificate issued, prepended by _acme-challenge.
  For example, for the domain example.com, a zone file entry would look like:

  _acme-challenge.example.com. 300 IN TXT "gfj9Xq...Rg85nM"

And that is what you need to do. Run

certbot certonly --manual --preferred-challenges dns -d example.com -d www.example.com

This command should do the following:

Ask you to create a DNS TXT record
Acquire the certificate as soon as you created the DNS TXT record
Place the certificate in /etc/letsencrypt

Finally you have to add the certificate configuration to your webserver.


Open Unity dash and type  as startup applications and open it.

Then click at add button and add the

Name as xmodmap
command as xmodmap .Xmodmap

click at Ok button.

thats it , from next time it will autostart.
For example look at the image


How can one shutdown a PC using the keyboard?

you can do

> sudo init 0

to shutdown your computer from the terminal or

sudo shutdown -r now

to reboot it. Besides you can do man shutdown which will give you more detailed information about the shutdown command.


First try enabling access to your Google account for so-called 'less secure apps' on https://www.google.com/settings/security/lesssecureapps

Then, can you share how you have set up your Gmail account? Did you use the general Online Accounts section on the Ubuntu settings screen or did you configure your Gmail account in Evolution manually without it being mentioned in the Online Accounts list?

In some forum threads about similar issues it is reported that setting up a Google account in Evolution works while going via the Online Accounts setup does not...


Dualboot (Win 8 / Ubuntu 13) is stuck at 'switching to clocksource'

We have seen where last entry in dmesg (or boot screen) is not the issue. But it may be something several steps before.

With Intel graphics have you tried these boot options.

Asus i3 with Intel graphics,

"acpi_osi=Linux" and/or
"video=1280x1024-24@75"
 or whatever native resolution is

some others with Intel newer graphics

i915.i915_enable_rc6=1

For Intel graphics running slow:

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils
glxinfo | grep OpenGL | head -n3


No TV Out or S-Video out with Intel GM965 Graphics

For me, the answer was a downgrade to Ubuntu 10.10.  Getting TV-out worked off the live cd.


In short, if you just want to setup a light weight secure file server, you can use the desktop version of Ubuntu and to setup a sftp server on it.

See the site below for detailed steps.

http://blog.markvdb.be/2009/01/sftp-on-ubuntu-and-debian-in-9-easy.html

Other remote machines can access your server by Filezilla or other tools which understand sftp or ssh.


Looking for a customizable "Did you know..." dialog application

This sounds a lot like a graphical interface to fortune with a custom fortunes database.

Creating the Custom Fortunes Database

Create a text file containing all of the tips you want to display.  Each tip should be on its own line, and there should be line containing only the % character after every tip.
Run strfile -c % tips tips.dat to produce a file suitable for use with fortune

Installing fortune and the Tips

Run sudo apt-get install fortune-mod to get the fortune program.
Now place tips and tips.dat in /usr/share/games/fortunes.  If there are other files already there, those fortunes will display intermixed with your tips; you may wish to remove them.

Graphical Interface

There are unfortunately not many options for graphically displaying fortunes.  You can either install xcowsay, which is in the normal repositories, or install the Wanda the Fish indicator applet from its PPA: https://launchpad.net/~dylanmccall/+archive/indicator-fish.  Both of these can be configured to start when a user logs in.  I believe only xcowsay can display images, however.

Neither of these programs are particularly professional looking, as xcowsay has a talking cow and indicator-fish a cartoon fish accompanying each fortune.  If that is a concern for you, you'll likely be better off writing your own graphical wrapper for fortune.


Support TrendNet TEW-643PI Wireless N network card

These two posts on the Ubuntu Forums talk about your wireless card and possible solution. Maybe give it a try.

trendnet tew-643pi wireless card not working
Wireless pci card not working with encryption


How to mount Windows (NTFS) system MBR when using USB to boot?

Windows 10 can be installed in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. The trick is controlling the boot mode. Even with the CSM enabled in the firmware, with most computers there's no guarantee that the system will actually boot in BIOS mode; it might boot in EFI mode, depending on the algorithms used by the firmware to decide how to boot and the actions taken by the user at boot time. See this page of mine for more on this topic. This issue is largely moot, though....

Based on your parted output, it appears that your partition table is badly damaged. My suspicion is that your disk originally used the Windows Logical Disk Manager (LDM), aka "dynamic disks." This system is similar to Ubuntu's Logical Volume Manager (LVM), but the two systems are incompatible with one another. In both cases, regular partitions are combined together into what's known (in the LVM case) as a volume group (VG), and the VG is in turn broken down again into logical volumes (LVs). This may sound pointless, but it adds flexibility. Windows seems to do it mainly to gain the ability to store more than four volumes (LVs) on an MBR disk, which is limited to four primary partitions. The older solution to this problem, which Ubuntu still commonly employs, is to use logical partitions -- which are different from LVs, despite the similar names! Logical partitions show up as partitions stored inside an extended partition is partitioning tools like GParted and fdisk. These tools can't cope with an LDM configuration, though; they show the underlying MBR partitions, not the LVs they ultimately house.

In your question, you note that the disk had four or five "drives" (partitions) in Windows -- you specify C:, D:, E:, F:, and "?:" ("backup disk"). If by that last one you mean a fifth partition with a drive letter you don't remember, then chances are Windows would have used LDM to set them up. There's a good chance that GParted would lead you to believe, incorrectly, that the first LDM partition was C:. Thus, you deleted the first LDM partition, not C:; and with the first LDM partition gone, everything in the LDM was compromised. By chance, your /dev/sda2 appears to be FAT32, so it might hold an intact FAT32 filesystem.

My recommendation for recovery is:

If possible, do a low-level backup of the entire disk. For instance, sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/path/to/lots/of/space/sda.img bs=4096. This command backs up /dev/sda to sda.img on some other device. (You'd have to mount it somewhere and specify the path to that device as part of the of= option.) The point of this step is that the rest of the procedure could make matters worse, so you'll be able to restore everything to a bad (but better) state if that happens.
Using fdisk or parted, delete the partitions on /dev/sda.
Using TestDisk, search for filesystems on the disk and restore them.

With any luck, TestDisk will be able to create a new partition table that will give you access to your filesystems. It will do so without using LDM, and the result might not be bootable; but at least there's a good chance that you'll be able to recover your data, delete the real C:, and then install Windows 10 or Ubuntu to the disk.

Returning to the question of boot mode, it sounds like your computer booted the Windows 10 installer in EFI mode. As such, you might want to tell TestDisk to use GPT for its restored partitions. I'm not sure exactly how to do this offhand, though. If you can't figure it out, don't worry too much about it; an alternative is to restore partitions as MBR and then do an MBR-to-GPT conversion with gdisk. Either way, the point is to have a GPT disk with empty space on it so that Windows can install in EFI mode. The alternative is to get to the point where you've got an MBR disk and figure out how to boot the Windows installer in BIOS mode. This may cause another MBR-to-LDM conversion, though, which might cause future problems should you decide to dual-boot with Linux.

If you decide to do an all-out conversion to Ubuntu, rather than install Windows 10, be aware that using NTFS on an Ubuntu-only computer is unwise. The trouble is that there are no good NTFS maintenance tools for Ubuntu. Thus, when (not if) an NTFS volume needs repair, you'll have to jump through extra hoops. If you go for an Ubuntu-only installation, you should back up your NTFS data partitions, convert them to Linux-native forms, and restore your data to them.


Are you wondering where all the space went?  Obviously, it's showing it to be full, and your du command shows only the contents of your home directory, which is not where all the space seems to be used.  In order to see the entire filesystem, you need to either start in the root directory (/), or add that to the end of the command:  sudo du -h -d 1 /

It may take a while to run.


kubuntu xenial (kubuntu 16.04) does not seem to remember all settings after restart

Session restore still does not work with Kubuntu 16.04.1.

It looks like this bug:
https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=354724

It is supposed to be fixed with Plasma 5.6 for Qt applications.


My understanding is that the sensitivity to Access Point roaming, can be setup using iwconfig;

iwconfig wlan0 sens <value>

On modern cards, this parameter usually controls handover/roaming threshold,  the  lowest  signal  level  for  which  the hardware remains associated with  the  current  Access  Point.  When  the signal  level  goes below this threshold the card starts looking for a new/better Access Point. e.g.

iwconfig wlan0 sens -80
iwconfig wlan0 sens 2

(reference manual)


How to get a .png of the Desktop background "color"

How to copy over the solid color

You probably won't need to get it as a file. What to do?

On 16.04, open a terminal window, run the command:

dconf watch /

Still on 16.04, set the plain color you like. In the terminal, you'll see something like:

jacob@jacob-Aspire-Z3-705:~$ dconf watch /
/org/gnome/desktop/background/color-shading-type
  'solid'
/org/gnome/desktop/background/picture-options
  'wallpaper'
/org/gnome/desktop/background/picture-uri
  'file:////usr/share/gnome-control-center/pixmaps/noise-texture-light.png'
/org/gnome/desktop/background/primary-color
  '#425265'
/org/gnome/desktop/background/secondary-color
  '#425265'

The two last values are the ones to copy, now on 18.04, simply set a (any) solid color, subsequentlu run the two commands:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background primary-color '#425265'

and

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background secondary-color '#425265'

where '#425265' is the color you read on 16.04

Alternatively, just set the color on 16.04 and read it directly from

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.background secondary-color

and

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.background primary-color


Make sure you have selected an image and you are in the "lighttable" tab. (I have the German version, so it says "Leuchttisch").

Then the Export field will appear in right bottom corner.

Your Version btw. is a bit outdated. Newest is 1.4.1.
I have installed it via ppa as described on Darktable Homepage Ubuntu Install.


Evolution randomly stopped supporting my Gmail account

Discover What Causes the Bug

Starting Evolution from your terminal with some special environment variables causes Evolution to display more information on what it is currently doing.

The following is a list of variables and what each one tells Evolution to do:

CAMEL_DEBUG=all — used for debugging Email (Camel is the name of Evolution's Mail Access Library)
CAMEL_DEBUG=gpg — used for debugging problems with GPG encryption
CAMEL_VERBOSE_DEBUG=1 — also for debugging Email (not as featureful as above)
CALDAV_DEBUG=all — For CalDav calendars
LDAP_DEBUG=1 — For LDAP addressbooks combined with running e-addressbook-factory on a console
GROUPWISE_DEBUG=1 — used for debugging GroupWise support
E2K_DEBUG=1 — used for debugging Exchange support: Print each request and response
E2K_DEBUG=2 — Same as #1 plus all request and response headers
E2K_DEBUG=3 — Same as #2 plus bodies (except text/html)
E2K_DEBUG=4 — Same as #3 plus global catalog debug
E2K_DEBUG=5 — Same as #4 plus text/html bodies too

It's easy to start Evolution with custom variables. One would simply run something like the following:

CAMEL_DEBUG=all evolution >& evo.log


Computer crashes (segfaults?) after upgrading from 1GB RAM to 2GB

Here are your specifications for your computer.

http://www.crucial.com/store/listparts.aspx?model=Presario%20F500%20Series&cpe=PR

Sometimes not having a matched pair of memory modules can cause a problem.


I keep getting weird errors from launchpad when I try and copy the Maverick packages to Natty for the PPA:

  The following source cannot be copied:

  wine1.3 1.3.11-0ubuntu1 in maverick (same version already has published binaries in the destination archive)

I have no idea what this error means but apparently it doesn't mean there are binaries in the destination archive.

So, until I (or Launchpad) fixes this, no Natty Wine packages.

UPDATE: I am now doing binary copies (not rebuilds) of the maverick packages to Natty.  This should work until Natty gets multiarch (which it may not), then I'll have to do a proper fork.

UPDATE: as of now the Wine PPA for Natty works just fine.  I will discontinue it when Natty becomes unsupported, and possibly earlier if there's another compelling reason.


Internet not working in my Dell Inspiron-5520

I suggest you upgrade to 13.10 it supports your wireless card by default, then run the following commands:

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo modprobe wl

wireless should come on, if it does not please post the wireless info again from the script so we can see the current state of your wireless.


System completely unusable after upgrading to 14.10

Do you have an AMD graphics card? If so, were you using the fglrx drivers? There has been an issue with them lately on this new update, as some packages needed for the driver to work correctly weren't updated to Utopic. In this case, open up tty1 (Terminal 1) by hitting the keys Ctrl + Alt + F1, log in with an account that has sudo privileges and run:

sudo apt-get remove fglrx-*

This should solve the black screen problem.


18.04 Bionic - Cannot print on HP Deskjet 2135

for

  bionic installs 3.17.10 - with this, I get File \"/usr/lib/cups/filter/foomatic-rip-hplip\" not available: No such file or directory

is tracked by https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=907900
There is a workaround on the page above by editing the ppd file directly.

  editing '/etc/cups/ppd/HP_DeskJet_3630_series.ppd' and replacing "foomatic-rip-hplip" with "foomatic-rip" did work (after restarting the cups service), as you suggested.
  So it looks like those lines are erroneous in the sid package.

Of course, the ppd file you have will depend on the printer model you have.


Where are the actual names of the packages in "apt list --upgradable"?

dpkg, file-roller, and libdpkg-perl are the packages that can be upgraded. 1.19.0.5ubuntu2.3, 3.28.0-1ubuntu1.1, and 1.19.0.5ubuntu2.3 are the versions to which they can be upgraded, respectively.


Transfer files from casper-rw to a fresh install

Well, to transfer files you can mount the Ubuntu root partition (or /home if it is on a separate partition) and just copy the files you can access on your USB that way.

Let's say you have a directory on your USB called Documents that you want to copy to your installed Ubuntu's home directory. You could do this...

First, from your full installation, find out what your root partition is on your installation by doing

lsblk

Take note of the partition mounted on / (or /home if it's separate)

Now boot the live usb and mount that partition. Replace /dev/sdxY with the correct partition name

sudo mount /dev/sdxY /mnt

Now your home directory is located at /mnt/home/username so you can do (replace with your real username)

sudo mkdir /mnt/home/username/casperdocs
sudo cp -r Documents /mnt/home/username/casperdocs

to copy the Documents directory to ~/casperdocs on your installation

Very important - don't forget to unmount the partition when you are done:

sudo umount /dev/sdxY

now reboot into your installation and you will find the files.

With programs (assuming you mean repository packages) you should install through apt rather than trying to copy their files this way.


How can I print a highlighted pdf document on Document Viewer?

Your highlights will be preserved in the PDF provided you save the document. You can just save it with the same name, or save it under another name.
Evince will faithfully continue to show the highlights if you reopen the file. How it works in other viewers will depend. At least also in Google Chrome, highights and notes are well preserved.


Ubuntu 12 heating problem in Acer 5755g Laptop

NVidia graphics card eats up a lot of power. You need Bumblebee to control power consumption. Installing it helped reduce my core temperatures and increase battery-life to about 3 hours.


If you want to connect website with VPN, I think you can allow IP VPN to port 80 on server as:

ufw allow from [IP VPN]  to any port 80

After you can check telnet to server with port 80:

[root@test test]# netstat -tulpn |grep 80

On Server OPENVPN you can add line route in file config /etc/openvpn/[name].conf as:

push "route [IP Server Web] 255.255.255.0"

On Server you can check allow IP Forwarding and Edit /etc/default/ufw and set DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY to ACCEPT:

DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="ACCEPT"


How do I allow all possible IPs for Gmail servers through my ufw firewall?

You'd need a script that periodically resolves the domain and updates firewall rules with the latest IP. Instead, try this method:

Domains like these often have multiple IPs associated with them. Use host domain.tld to get a list:

$ host smtp.gmail.com
smtp.gmail.com is an alias for gmail-smtp-msa.l.google.com.
gmail-smtp-msa.l.google.com has address 74.125.127.108
gmail-smtp-msa.l.google.com has address 74.125.127.109

But these two also probably keep changing, based on your question. So it's best to whitelist the entire netblock -- use whois with the IP:

$ whois 74.125.127.108

NetRange:       74.125.0.0 - 74.125.255.255
CIDR:           74.125.0.0/16
OriginAS:
NetName:        GOOGLE
NetHandle:      NET-74-125-0-0-1
Parent:         NET-74-0-0-0-0
NetType:        Direct Allocation
RegDate:        2007-03-13
Updated:        2012-02-24
Ref:            http://whois.arin.net/rest/net/NET-74-125-0-0-1
...

The NetRange/CIDR tell you what to whitelist -- 74.125.0.0/16. Google could assign any IP in this range to smtp.gmail.com


How to copy folders from a different account

Execute the following command:

sudo cp -R /home/OLDUSERNAME /home/MYNEWUSERNAME/OldFiles

And then:

sudo chmod +664 /home/USERNAME/OldFiles


Use Tomboy , a very good notes management software
Description:

Tomboy is a free and open-source desktop notetaking application written for Unix-like (including Mac OS X and Linux) and Microsoft Windows operating systems, written in C# using Gtk#. Tomboy is part of the GNOME desktop environment, often for personal information management. Its interface is a notepad with a wiki-like linking system to connect notes together. Words in the note body that match extant note titles become hyperlinks automatically, making it simple to construct a personal wiki.

Screenshots:

Download


LightDM comes in different flavours. The first screen indicates that you have the lightdm-gtk-greeter activated.
You control those settings settings in the /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf:
[LightDM]
run-directory=/run/lightdm

[Seat:*]
greeter-session=lightdm-gtk-greeter
user-session=xfce
session-wrapper=/etc/lightdm/Xsession

In addition to that are "slickgreeter" or "unity-greeter" which you may have to install before configuring them.
Ubuntu on the other hand uses the GDM (GnomeDisplayManager) which has a complete different look and feel.
So I'd go for the slickgreeter -I think Linux Mint uses that - to get a close look to your second screen


You don't have to downgrade. You can run a portable version of VLC. Follow these steps:

Download portable version of VLC

Copy/move vlc to your home directory.

Right click on it and select properties.

In properties dialog box select "Permissions" tab and enable "Allow executing file as program" like shown below

That's it. Now run it by right click and open.


In Ubuntu 15.04 the sound settings no longer work as they did in 13.04

its a permission issue, it happened with me as well.
on ubuntu 14.04.
open terminal and run

sudo rm -r ~/.config/pulse

and force reload alsa

sudo alsa force-reload

it should be fixed now.


if anyone has the same problem as I did, a combination of the following two solutions worked for me: 1)https://askubuntu.com/a/138858/230309  then 2)https://askubuntu.com/a/386145/230309


I discovered that this was caused by my Xfinity "Advanced Security" feature. I had to disable it in order to get SSH working normally.

Here's a link to the Xfinity support article that helped me turn it off.


Can I remove the mounted drives launcher icons in Unity 2D?

Unity-2D Launcher is controlled by file called Launcher.qml.

Whilst this method will work - changing a system file such as Launcher.qml could be overwritten by a future update.

First log out and log in using anything but unity2D(unity2D might crash if you edit that file while in use; in 12.04 Gnome will do).

Then backup Launcher.qml just in-case you need to restore the default settings.

(for 11.04 & 11.10)

cd /usr/share/unity-2d/launcher
sudo cp Launcher.qml Launcher.qml-backup

(for 12.04)

cd /usr/share/unity-2d/shell/launcher
sudo cp Launcher.qml Launcher.qml-backup

Now edit the file and find the line items.appendModel(devices);

gksudo gedit Launcher.qml

Now comment out the line using /* .... */ i.e.

Save - logout and login


Install Ubuntu 15.04 with full disk encryption, but without swap partition

The ubuntu installer (ubiquity) is quite limited in this regard. So we need to do it manually instead of the installer.

So when you run the Live CD/USB, choose "Try ubuntu", and launch gparted to partition your drive.

You need to make an ESP (sda1) (if you use EFI+GPT), a boot partition (256MB for example, sda2), another partition (for example, sda3) that will hold the crypted container called LUKS.

Then open a terminal (ctrl-alt-t)

Setup LUKS device

sudo cryptsetup --key-size 512 luksFormat /dev/sda3
sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda3 crypted

Setup LVM on LUKS

If you don't want to use multiple partition, you can skip the following paragraph and avoid LVM. In that case, use /dev/mapper/crypted as you root latter on instead

sudo pvcreate  /dev/mapper/crypted
sudo vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/crypted
sudo lvcreate -L 15G vg -n root
sudo lvcreate -l 100%FREE vg -n home

Installation

Keep the terminal opened and now run the installation. Choose "Something else" when partitioning and specify

your boot partition (/dev/sda2)
your root partition (/dev/mapper/vg-root)
your home partition (/dev/mapper/vg-home)
any other needed partition...
and check the checkbox to format your partitions

At the end of the installation, don't reboot but just click "Continue trying ubuntu"

Post-install

In our opened terminal:

Create /etc/crypttab to add crypted partition

sudo mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt
echo "crypted UUID=`blkid -o value /dev/sda3|head -1` none luks" | sudo tee /mnt/etc/crypttab
sudo umount /mnt

That's it ! Reboot now.


How I thought, you had two linux image finder in /etc/grub.d, remove one, the right list is:

00_header
05_debian_theme
10_linux
20_memtest86+
30_os-prober
40_custom

These scripts looks for OS-s when you update the grub.


Can't get my wireless worked, it keep loading

I've had this happen on and off. Couple solutions should work unless you have a deeper problem.

Simple reboot should fix this.
but that takes time, so a quicker way
Restart network manager in terminal sudo service network-manger restart
Or hover over the network indicator or the status bar until you get the dropdown.
Disable wireless, disable networking, then enable networking, enable wireless.


How to update/upgrade PHP 7.2 to latest version safely?

Open the terminal and type:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php7.3 # The latest version in this repo for 18.04 is currently php7.4.

php7.3 will be updated automatically when updates become available. Alternatively you can build php7.3 from source in Ubuntu 18.04, but it will not be updated automatically, and it also takes more than an hour to build if you want to test it too.
After installing php7.3 you can show php7.3 modules that can also be installed by running the following command:
apt-cache search php7.3 | grep php7.3

A quick one-line command to install the same packages on php7.3 as php7.2:
sudo apt install $(apt list --installed | grep php7.2- | cut -d'/' -f1 | sed -e 's/7.2/7.3/g')


External display scale to a lower resolution

What do you do?

Start by understanding the problem.

Your internal display has more pixels per inch than your external display this means that a say 64x64 pixel image (like an icon you might find on the launcher) will cover a lot more visable space on the 24" diagonal 1920x1080 (FHD) monitor which displays ~2 million pixels than on the 13" (QHD+) Display on your laptop which packs 5.7 million pixels into a 13" diagonal screen. This is to be expected. The higher the resolution (dots per inch) the smaller an image of a specific size in pixels will appear. The reverse is also true. The lower resolution makes the same image appear larger.

What can you do to resolve it?

Not much.

There's no way to make a FHD monitor display as many pixels as a QHD+ screen. Even if you were to purchase a QHD+ External monitor with the same resolution (provided you could find one) it would likely be physically larger and still have fewer pixels per square inch than your laptop screen.

You can play with the Scale options for the displays in an attempt to normalize size at the expense of clarity, but as your laptop display has almost 3X as many pixels in ~54% of the space, I doubt you'll find it to be exceptionally effective. You might however arrive at a combination of settings that you consider suitable.


How do I disable gnome-keyring ssh integration?

Just copy the relevant .desktop file from /etc/xdg/autostart to ~/.config/autostart and add Hidden=true to it:

(cat /etc/xdg/autostart/gnome-keyring-ssh.desktop; echo Hidden=true) > ~/.config/autostart/gnome-keyring-ssh.desktop

then reload gnome-shell (press Alt + F2, then type r and press Enter).

This is the only user-friendly solution that has worked for me (ie not having to softlink the .desktop file to /dev/null or chmod 0 the gnome-keyring-daemon). In fact, softlinking to /dev/null stopped working for me in GNOME 3.16.

Credit goes to nus.


Well... You did not like my previous answer? ;)

Still you should provide us with more details about your partitions:

lsblk
df -h|grep /dev/

Using complex software doesn't make the process more safe. Linux is about combining the most simple software to do the most complex tasks.

Having that in mind, I show you how to do exactly what you want but with basic software:

create empty disk image fallocate -l (max disk size)G disk.img
partition image fdisk disk.img
create loopback device for image kpartx -a disk.img so we can access the partions
format partition mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/loop0p1
create mountpoint mkdir /media/mountpoint
mount /dev/mapper/loop0p1 /media/mountpoint
copy all files from source system to image sudo cp -a (TODO?) / /media/mountpoint/
umount /dev/mapper/loop0p1
delete loopback device kpartx -d disk.img
TODO: install grub to image
convert image to vmdk qemu-img convert -f raw -O vmdk disk.img disk.vmdk

I will go into more detail if you approve you want to try this solution and provide more info on your partitions.

This will only require 2 times the space as your system really occupies, not of the disk size.
In the vm you first have to boot a linux live system to install grub and make the disk bootable.


You can use QCAD, an open source AutoCAD replacement or the community fork LibreCAD made to work using the newer Qt4 framework. You can install LibreCAD from the Ubuntu Software Center. Using one of these two programs you import DWG files, edit the drawing and export it to PDF.

QCad offered a command line tool to convert DWG to PDF directly - I'm guessing it's also available in LibreCAD.

./dwg2pdf.sh drawing.dwg


Instead of using /etc/rc.local for long-running services, create a systemd service. As an example, create /etc/systemd/system/foo.service, containing:

[Unit]
Description=Foo

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/sleep 10
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

This creates a service that will restart the command when it dies. Replace ExecStart with your command.

After creating this file, do:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable foo.service
sudo systemctl start foo.service

The first command will tell systemctl to look for new service definitions. The second enables the service according to the startup conditions it has (in this case, to start with the default.target, so that it starts at boot). The last command starts the service for this session.

For Type:

  If set to simple (the default if neither Type= nor BusName=, but
  ExecStart= are specified), it is expected that the process configured
  with ExecStart= is the main process of the service. In this mode, if
  the process offers functionality to other processes on the system, its
  communication channels should be installed before the daemon is
  started up (e.g. sockets set up by systemd, via socket activation), as
  systemd will immediately proceed starting follow-up units.

  If set to forking, it is expected that the process configured with
  ExecStart= will call fork() as part of its start-up. The parent
  process is expected to exit when start-up is complete and all
  communication channels are set up. The child continues to run as the
  main daemon process. This is the behavior of traditional UNIX daemons.
  If this setting is used, it is recommended to also use the PIDFile=
  option, so that systemd can identify the main process of the daemon.
  systemd will proceed with starting follow-up units as soon as the
  parent process exits.

So, if your command forks, then use Type=forking and set PIDFile if you can.

For WantedBy, run systemctl list-units | grep target to find other available targets that you can use for more fine-grained control.


My microphone is not working in Mac book pro 17 after ubuntu 16.04

With my old macbook 2,1 (Libreboot + Elementary OS Loki (based on Ubuntu 16.04)) the solution to getting the microphone working was installing pavucontrol and on the Input Devices tab choosing Microphone (unplugged) instead of Line In (plugged in). In fact I have nothing plugged in or unplugged.


On startup, run whichever of these works better for you.

gnome-settings-daemon
lxappearance

Or, you can try changing your screen DPI in the file ~/.Xresources. Just insert something like this. (Smaller numbers give smaller font sizes)

Xft.dpi 90


I managed to find the iptables rule to fix my issue:

iptables -A OUTPUT -d 127.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1:4433


Ubuntu Server dual boot prevents booting to windows

The reason why I could not boot to my Windows is because on installment ubuntu, which should have been installed on a separate partition, had wiped my disk clean.

Certainly not my first time installing a dual-boot system, but this has never happened to me. If my memory serves me right, the partition that I had created was already merged back to the rest of the drive prior to getting the option where to install.

I am not certain what exactly caused this and I am not feeling like trying to find out what I did wrong. Assuming it is my fault, as I reckon the installation only does what I tell it to.


I think the reason is that gvim has to load more libraries than vim. If you're using a gnome environment, some of them - but maybe not all of them - are already loaded. gvim needs to load a vim session and then wrap it too.

Then again, it could depend on your .vimrc (even though you say vim loads fast).

One workaround could be having one and only one instance of gvim running and doing something suggested here, namely

alias gvim="gvim --remote-tab-silent"

which will open all new files in the same instance as a new buffer.


I want to install a visual basic 6 in Ubuntu 14 step by step

You can install Visual Basic 6 with wine. For installing wine you just have to deploy the setup as you do in Windows and install. Then you can find the software in /home/.wine/drive_c/Program Files folder. You can check this link to get more information of wine.


The first thing I recommend you try is make sure the UUID in /etc/fstab is correct. You can do this by running

blkid

then make sure the UUIDs it gives you match what is in /etc/fstab. If that fails to help, and you have a hard drive, try using something like e4rat or  e4rat-lite . Keep in mind that both haven't been updated in a few years. They still work for me. It also appears that you have an old kernel version, try updating with

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

 I'd also recommend updating to 16.04, or reinstalling your current version.


Does Ubuntu support dynamic swap file sizing?

It doesn't look like Linux supports dynamic swap file sizing (at any rate, I couldn't get it to detect that a swap file had changed size without a swapoff/swapon).

Presumably it is easier to assume that a swap file doesn't change file size dynamically when writing code for supporting it. I don't see any great use for it either. Since you can use multiple swap files, nothing's preventing you from creating more swap files as needed.

Also note this paragraph from the swapon manpage:

The  swap file implementation in the kernel expects to be able to write
to the file directly, without the assistance of the  filesystem.   This
is  a problem on preallocated files (e.g.  fallocate(1)) on filesystems
like XFS or ext4, and on copy-on-write filesystems like btrfs.

I'd think the same problem would apply to a dynamically-sized swap file.


Is there an easy way to downgrade kernel to 4.14.x in ubuntu 18.04?

It's relatively straight-forward installing a different kernel: How to update kernel to the latest mainline version without any Distro-upgrade?

The latest kernel in the 4.14.xx chain is 4.14.67.
That said I've found kernel chain 4.13.0-xx-generic which Ubuntu maintains very stable compared to the 4.15.00-xx-generic kernel chain Ubuntu maintains. The advantage of staying on a Ubuntu kernel chain is it is automatically upgraded for you when new versions come out.
When you are on the 4.14.xx LTS Linux Kernel Chain you must periodically review when new kernels come out and install the new ones manually using the above link.


How can I have less "flickering" when booting?

If you are using an intel integrated gpu, you can try adding the i915.fastboot=1 kernel parameter to avoid the flickering caused by unnecessary mode-setting operations.

First, try adding it temporarily at grub:

Start your system and press and hold Shift (or Esc in UEFI systems) for grub menu to show up.
Press e to edit the commands before booting.
Add i915.fastboot=1 after quiet splash

Notice if it reduces flickering and if it has any side effects, like screen brightness not working.

To add this parameter permanently:

From a terminal run gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub, replace gedit with your text editor.
Add i915.fastboot=1 after quiet splash in line
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
Run sudo update-grub
Reboot and determine if it reduces flickering.

How do I add a kernel boot parameter?
https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Intel-Fastboot-Default-2019-Try


your system is running in low graphics mode with an ATI Radeon x550

I had encountered the same problem after upgrading the Linux kernel to 3.2.0-32 this morning. And the problem was solved by running the AMD Catalyst display driver which can be downloaded at http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/linux/Pages/radeon_linux.aspx


CMake library directory conflict warning and error

As I thought, the problem was Anaconda python being added as the first entry to PATH, removing Anaconda from PATH solved the issue. I did that as follows:

export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:\
/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"

I found the solution here


apt-get and aptitude seem to disagree -- do I really have broken packages?

There is probably nothing really wrong.

Simple answer: apt-get and aptitude have different dependency resolvers (how-do-i-fix-these-broken-dependencies).

To see if there is actually an issue you can run the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall foomatic-db-compressed-ppds xz-lzma

Personally, I would advise against using aptitude as it can sometimes be dangerous.

apt-get is much safer and will not install with broken packages in place, however, apt-get is rarely, if ever, able to to fix an impossible situation because of broken packages. aptitude does have ability to fix broken packages but aptitude also has the ability to create a situation where broken packages exist.

A happy medium is synaptic. synaptic has more ability to fix broken packages than apt-get but does not have quite the ability of aptitude to create such a situation.

Sources: how-do-i-fix-these-broken-dependencies


Why does the system report 7.7Gb of total Ram when I installed 8Gb?

The BIOS will reserve some memory, as will the most primitive level of the kernel, including some for video, perhaps. What is reported to you via system-info (which I don't use) or free -m is what is left.
If you observe the entries in the /var/log/kern.log file from during boot, you will see many having to do with reserving memory and such, and finally, a summary line:

May  3 14:27:20 s15 kernel: [    0.000000] Memory: 15975452K/16472972K available (8029K kernel code, 1240K rwdata, 3736K rodata, 1424K init, 1292K bss, 497520K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)


You asking very basic questions regarding Apache HTTP server configuration. I suggest that you read the Apache documentation: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/ , starting with "Getting Started" section. You should be familiar with at least basics of the configuration if you plan to set up a website.
www/html folder is defined by default as DocumentRoot in the Apache configuration (of course it can be changed). All URLs that you can access via HTTP/HTTPS are always relative to DocumentRoot. That's why you need to write only the file name to access the file and why you can't access folders outside DocumentRoot.
HTTPS is not enabled by default because you need a server certificate to connect via HTTPS. You need either to generate this certificate yourself (but then it won't be generally recognized by the browsers and requires to add exception in the browser to view the site) or purchase it from one of the generally-recognized certification authorities whose keys are built into browsers (for example, you can get a free certificate from Let's Encrypt, but ot is valid for 90 days only and must be renewed before that time if you want to keep HTTPS access to your site).


Ubuntu 20.04 Seems to Suspend When Installing on Tablet

Alright, I've come up with a series of workarounds that seem to actually do what I need.
First is,
When booting from a working live USB, hit shift to enter the Grub config and add acpi=off before quiet splash in the boot params.
Then install Ubuntu as normal.
Once installed, edit the /etc/systemd/logind.conf and then make sure the line HandleLidSwitch=ignore is there and is not commented out.
This seems to make things Just Work for my case. I hope it comes in handy for anyone else who may be struggling with Ubuntu on exotic tablets.
Also, acpi=off can be safely removed from the kernel boot params.


Mapping Mac OS X's Mission Control Key to Ubuntu's Workspaces, with Synergy

If you're running Unity, then install Unity Tweak Tool.

Then choose "window Spread." Under "Window Spread Shortcuts," click on "Disabled" next to "Start windows spread for all windows," and press the desired key (Mission Control key in your case).

That should do it.


Thumb drives and external hard drives no longer visible - Ubuntu 18.04

Probably the USB is detected by your computer but not automatically mounted for some reason. First fire up the terminal and make sure the USB is not attached to your computer before listing the devices available, as follows:
$ ls /dev # list all device nodes
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2

You might see different output depending on how your hard drive is partitioned, etc. Now attach your USB and re-run the command after hearing the sound to see which new devices are available:
$ ls /dev # list all device nodes
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1

In my case, the device node associated with my USB is /dev/sdb. Then double-check that the USB is not currently mounted by running:
$ mount | grep /dev/sdb # Replace /dev/sdb with the device node associated with your USB as appropriate

If there is no output from the above command then your USB is not mounted. In that case, create an empty folder under /media/student as follows (assuming your username is student - replace with your own username accordingly):
$ sudo mkdir /media/student/my-usb # Replace 'student' with your username as appropriate

... and mount your USB partition on that folder, as follows:
$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/student/my-usb # Replace "sdb1" and "student" with your own USB partition and username respectively as appropriate

If successful, you should now be able to access the files in your USB via /media/student/my-usb.


Update Manager crashes, says it needs 3.2.0.58.69 but linux-image-generic on system is 3.2.0.59.70

The problem you have is that linux-generic and other packages depending on it, like linux-image-generic need to be of same version.But on your system, They both are of different version.There are many reasons for this, which I won't go in details of.

As linux-generic is not an essential package, you can reinstall it to fix the system.

To do this, run the following commands.

sudo apt-get remove linux-generic
sudo apt-get install linux-generic

  NOTE:- It is a good idea to run sudo apt-get clean and sudo apt-get autoclean occasionally.This considerably decreases the chances of future dependency problems.


Graphic card maximum supported resolution

I can't see a command, but this answer may help. Quoted here.

  For Nvidia based cards of all varieties I would have gone straight to the Nvidia website rather than the  reseller (EVGA, XFX or whoever) and checked out the specifications of the card there.

  Picking one at random the Geforce GTX 570 specifications page immediately lists the maximum resolutions for both VGA cable and digital links:

2560x1600 Maximum Digital Resolution
2048x1536 Maximum VGA Resolution

  And it appears to be true for pretty much all of their graphics processors.  Just find their specifications page and the information is right there.

  Similarly AMD do the same for their graphics processors, so if you are looking at a Radeon based graphics card then again just completely ignore the reseller and go straight to AMD and find their specifications sheet.

  Picking one at random again the Radeon HD 6970 has, hidden near the bottom of their specifications page (in amongst a huge wodge of information you'll not care about) shows:

DisplayPort 1.2
    Max resolution: 2560x1600 per display
    Multi-Stream Transport
    21.6 Gbps bandwidth
    High bit-rate audio
HDMI 1.4a with Stereoscopic 3D Frame Packing Format, Deep Color, xvYCC wide gamut support, and high bit-rate audio
    Max resolution: 1920x1200
Dual-link DVI with HDCP
    Max resolution: 2560x1600
VGA
    Max resolution: 2048x1536

  So basically just ignore the reseller, as they'll just be throwing impressive sounding numbers at you in a bid to get you to buy their products, while the actual chip makers will tell you what it can actually do.

  Basically just search either the Nvidia or AMD sites for whatever graphics processor you are looking at and you should, somewhere on the specifications page, find the information you are after.


using Unallocated space when not adjacent to extended partition

Partitions must be a single blob of disk blocks, so that the partition table can be read by old BIOSs. You'd have to move partitions around. I answered a similar question at Add unallocated space to Ubuntu which should work for you


It looks like the process forked itself and the child has exited, but the parent is not correctly reaping the child.  If this situation persists, then this is a bug in the program that you should report.


You appear to object against installing extensions, but if one existed, that would be the easiest approach. Your alternative probably is editing .css source code yourself, or, worse, editing source code and recompiling.

For sure, this is not controlled by any gsetting. I am not aware of an extension that removes the "Status menu". there are extensions that break the single button into separate buttons for the different functions (e.g. different two extensions each called "Alternative status menu", or "Extend panel men"), but these do not appear to be maintained anymore.

So unless I stand corrected by other answers, there appears to be no way to remove that menu apart from editing source code.


the reason is you are not using dbus-launch infront of gsettings command.

see man dbus-launch

if you run sudo -Hu user gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri ''
you will get error

administrator@pratap:~/Music$ sudo -Hu user gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri ''

(process:11889): dconf-WARNING **: 18:54:53.409: failed to commit changes to dconf: Error spawning command line “dbus-launch --autolaunch=454398a8b6e94accb53d9b7e5361faaa --binary-syntax --close-stderr”: Child process exited with code 1
administrator@pratap:~/Music$


Using variables from a text file in Scripting

Command line arguments

You probably what to use command line arguments.

Try this bash script:

#!/bin/bash

echo "First argument is $1"
echo "Second argument is $2"

If the script file name is test1.sh, then you'll have this:

a@u1104:~$ chmod +x test1.sh
a@u1104:~$ ./test1.sh
First argument is
Second argument is
a@u1104:~$ ./test1.sh file1.tif file2.tiw
First argument is file1.tif
Second argument is file2.tiw

Reading lines from files

Another component would be to loop through your file. You can do it like this:

cat test |while read line; do
  echo "${line}"
done

Instead of echo "${line}" you can, for example, do ./test1.sh ${line}.tif ${line}.tiw


How to mount a specific directory from a partition(not the entire partition) onto mount point (say /home)?

You cannot mount directly a specific directory. You have to mount the entire partition then bind the directory. see bind mount in man mount

First you make an entry in /etc/fstab to mount your old drive:

[that partition] /mnt/[that partition] auto nosuid,nodev,nofail, 0 0

then you bind the directory you want (in fstab)

/mnt/[that partition][/that dir] /home/user/whatever bind


Problem with GRUB with Linux on USB and Windows 10 on SSD

Just wanted to let you know that I solved this by disabling fast boot in BIOS.

I also reinstalled Ubuntu precisely using the instruction from link above, and it works great.


Anne Pro 2 keyboard won't stay connected via bluetooth with Ubuntu 20.04

I have had the same issue for a while, IDK why must Bluetooth be such a pain in Ubuntu. This is what seemed to fix it for me so far.

Run bluetoothctl
Run agent on. I don't know what this step quite does, and you can likely skip it.
Now, it is possible that some residual connections are messing up the new one. So let's first disconnect the device altogether. Figure out the MAC address of your keyboard or device and do:

untrust <mac>
disconnect <mac>

Make sure this completes successfuly. Now, try trust <mac> and then pair <mac>. At this point, you may see a verification pin, type it out on the device you are trying to connect (your keyboard) and press enter. I did not know that I had to press enter but without it I kept getting errors.

At this point, the program should tell you that you are paired but not connected. It is time to connect the paired device, do connect <mac>. This should result in a successful pairing.

Something else you could try is sudo systemctl restart bluetooth.service. This will restart your bluetooth service. Before trying the above steps, maybe you should close all other bluetooth managers (the GUI based ones) just so we know that nothing else is trying something as we are trying to accomplish a connection.


Mouse lags in Draftsight 2015 SP2, Ubuntu 14.04, Video Card Nvidia Quadro 600, Nvidia driver version 340.76.

Go to Nvidia X server settings; OpenGL Settings; and uncheck Sync to VBlank. Reboot, this fixed my mouse problem in Draftsight.

SuperMicro X9-SCA series board, Intel E3-1230 Processor, 8 Gig memory.


GCC6.3.0 installation for MATLAB on ubuntu20.04

According to Jonathan Wakely via the gcc-help mailing list,
"This GCC code was actually not following the relevant standards and
was broken by a change in glibc when glibc got stricter.
You can fix it by replacing "struct ucontext" with "ucontext_t" in the
relevant files."
So as noted in this stackoverflow answer I fixed it by replacing ucontext with ucontext_t in lines 61 and 141 of the file builddir/libgcc/config/i386/linux_unwind.h.


How to submit commercial apps to the Ubuntu Software Center?

You'll find all the information you need on the Ubuntu App Developer site:

How to submit and publish apps
FAQ for commercial software


I had Mongo 2.6.7 before the update. It broke and I couldn't find anything on google regarding the problem.

Solution:
I totally uninstalled Mongo and then reinstalled from the default Ubuntu repositories. It installs 2.4.9, but it works again with no problems.

Bonus:
It should preserve your existing databases. Always back things up if you can and I make no promises, but my databases were still there even after fully uninstalling and reinstalling.

Update: This was all with Ubuntu 14.04 32-bit. I switched to 64-bit and dl'ed Mongo again. Now it's giving me 3.0.3 from the default Ubuntu repo and everything works just fine. Idk if they maintain separate repos for each version or if they just updated recently.


Windows 10 boot and repair fail after trying Ubuntu 20.04.2.0 LTS on a USB stick

I am afraid, you messed up your Master Boot Record (MBR). Your query is not Ubuntu specific & therefore it is not a wise option to expect an apt response here still you can follow this link or google for "How to repair / recover Windows 10 MBR"


ilia choly,
See if this solution works better for you:
How to force Multiple Monitors correct resolutions for LightDM?

It involves editing the /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf to make the login screen (tested on Ubuntu 12.04) call a script. The file originally looks like this:

[SeatDefaults]
greeter-session=unity-greeter
user-session=ubuntu

Adding the below line makes it call the given script still before logging in:

display-setup-script=/usr/share/lightdmxrandr.sh

And this other line makes it call the given script after logging in:

session-setup-script=/usr/share/lightdmxrandr.sh

In this example, the lightdmxrandr.sh script serves for auto recognizing the resolution of the screen and of the external monitor, if there is one. Here's the script content in my case (I adapted just a little bit from the one on the link):

#!/bin/bash

# connected external output
XCOM0=`xrandr -q | egrep '(HDMI1|VGA1|DP1) connected' | egrep -o '(HDMI1|VGA1|DP1)'`
# command to set external desktop
XCOM1=`xrandr --output LVDS1 --primary --auto --output $XCOM0 --auto --right-of LVDS1`
# command to set normal desktop
XCOM2=`xrandr --output LVDS1 --primary --auto`
# if the external monitor is connected, then we tell XRANDR to set up an extended desktop
if [ -n "$XCOM0" ] || [ ! "$XCOM0" = "" ]; then echo $XCOM1
# if the external monitor is disconnected, then we tell XRANDR to output only to the laptop screen
else echo $XCOM2
fi

exit 0;

Save this file as lightdmxrand.sh
Set as an executable file like this:

$ sudo chmod +x lightdmxrand.sh

Move it to /usr/share/ directory like this:

$ sudo mv lightdmxrand.sh /usr/share/lightdmxrandr.sh

Edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf adding the given line to it:

display-setup-script=/usr/share/lightdmxrandr.sh

If you want this script to also run after the login, add:

session-setup-script=/usr/share/lightdmxrandr.sh

Hope it works for you!


"Test Integrity" in Archive manager on Ubuntu 13.10

Ah, never mind. There is a small arrow at the far right of the toolbar, and the test integrity option is there now.

I wish it could be integrated (or better, I wish I knew how to integrate it) into the regular application menu, and as shortcut in Files right-click menu.


Video Acceleration (VAAPI) broken after upgrading to Ubuntu 17.10 Artful

There is an already reported issue that affect most applications using vaapi in a Wayland session.

The bug's details are reported here with a some partial workarounds:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/vlc/+bug/1698287

You can also avoid the issue by not using the wayland session, using Gnome/ubuntu on X.org or using Unity.


Error with grub and linux-image that can't fix

You could also use the next command to find files containing GRUB_THEME keyword:

sudo grep -r GRUB_THEME /etc/* --color

In my case it found it in /etc/grub.d/00_header file.

It says Sourcing file '/etc/default/grub', then Generating grub configuration file .... Based on that file and /etc/grub.d/* files it generates /boot/grub/grub.cfg file which is used to boot an OS.


Change the owership of files inside a Minetest snap from root to me

The path you have specified is read-only, even to superuser, as shown at https://snapcraft.io/docs/reference/confinement. You should use a different path.

The correct location to store your data for this application is ~/snap/minetest-luk3yx/6. If there aren't folders named mods and games inside  6, you can create them.