How can I get in contact with an Ubuntu developer who can give me advise for my software project?

I see cegui is a Ubuntu Universe package.

First I think you should report the bug here. We generally refer people to How do I report a bug? for help in filing bugs.

Second, you should check upstream (Debian and cegui.org.uk) to see if there is already a bug report for the bug you are seeing.

If there isn't already a fix it would be most effective if you could develop a patch for the package to fix the problem, or at least diagnose it as thoroughly as possible. If you can come up with a patch you can attach it to each of the bug reports. Getting upstream to accept the patch or develop one may convince the Ubuntu MOTU team that the patch is good.

See this page for the procedure to get the patch sponsored into Ubuntu Universe for the current development release. It's still not too late to get some patches into Ubuntu Universe for 12.10 but soon will be as its release is imminent. Getting a patch or new release into the development release is usually the first step in getting it into older releases (for reasons of quality assurance).

The MOTU team hangs out at irc://irc.freenode.net/#ubuntu-motu.


Output a list of all file names in a directory with the last 5 characters removed from each

In the bash shell, you can remove a 'dot extension' (shortest trailing pattern matching a period followed by any number of characters) from a variable that contains a file name using parameter expansion e.g. if  f=00004.time then ${f%.*} evaluates to 00004.

Putting that in a loop over a shell glob,

for f in *.time; do printf '%s\n' "${f%.*}"; done

The order will be determined by the glob (*.time) expansion, and will be the default collation order for your locale - which should be numeric ascending for the input you show. To send the results to a file, use shell redirection

for f in *.time; do printf '%s\n' "${f%.*}"; done > somefile

If you really want to remove the last 5 characters instead of the (more general) dot extension, you can modify that to

for f in *.time; do printf '%s\n' "${f%?????}"; done > somefile


Try recovery mode.  To boot into recovery mode, just press the Shift, which will bring up a boot menu.  Choose (recovery mode).  See if this fixes your issue.

For more information on what can be done in recovery mode, see Recovery Mode


Openswan's ipsec verify fails on "Two or more interfaces found, checking IP forwarding"

Stumbled over this while looking up the error :

I think this is the answer :

https://lists.openswan.org/pipermail/users/2009-September/017423.html

  I have just upgraded to 2.6.23 and run ipsec verify and I get an
  unexpected error:
  Two or more interfaces found, checking IP forwarding            [FAILED]

  cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward gives 1 so I am confused.

  If it helps eth0 is my WAN, eth1 is my normal LAN, eth1:0 is a virtual
  IP on eth1 to get round a problem I have been having with running
  Openswan on a combined gateway/file server, and eth2 is a second, unused
  LAN adaptor.

Then you can ignore it. It's a warning when running a subnet-subnet or
subnet-host tunnel on the subnet side, where you need forwarding to go
from the public side (internet) to the lan.


How do I configure /etc/hosts and /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini for sendemail

The email function is rather slow, i have had them take 20+ minutes to show up in my inbox, it probably varies with your isp, also check your spam folder
You may want to look at this project:
https://github.com/Synchro/PHPMailer
these are the files it needs class.phpmailer.php, class.pop3.php, and class.smtp.php
i have used it and it works, version 5.2.1


Application does not start after installing. Running "quickly run" works perfectly

Don't hardcode the path in the following call, use the generic function to load media files. That will allow you to correctly load the file either during development or on an installed system.

So instead of this:

css_provider.load_from_path('/opt/extras.ubuntu.com/easy-stopwatch/share/easy-stopwatch/ui/gtk-style.css')

Do something along these lines:

from foo_lib.helpers import get_media_file

css_provider.load_from_path(get_media_file('gtk-style.css'))


Have you tried TeamViewer ? It's free as long as your not using it commercially. Its great to remote in to Windows, Mac , and Linux Systems.  http://www.teamviewer.com/en/index.aspx

I hope this helps


How to get Intel® Centrino® Wireless-n 2230 to work on 11.10?

I had the same problem with same ubuntu version than I wrote below command at terminal

sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-cw-3.3-$(uname -r)

and my problem was solved after reboot. if that would not help please check the below links for reference.

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2062633

http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/WLAN/Linux-backports-modules

Good luck.


Whats the best action to take when the system freezes

Looks like some process is running wild and grabbing all of your system resources.
I would try to switch to any of the text-based consoles (Ctrl+Alt+Fn). On Ubuntu 1-6 are text based and on the 7th your xserver runs, e.g. Ctrl+Alt+F1 should be good.

If you can manage that, you probably can run top or similar to check for resource hogs.

If you're not too concerned about data loss, you can kill the offending process using the PID you got from top.

But this is just the cure for symptoms. You should note the offending process and do some more research why it suddenly runs rogue.


Does Ubuntu One effected by NSA according what Edward Snowden published?

According to the German Wikipedia and the results of Whois and GeoIP lookups, the Ubuntu One servers are located in Great Britain, which is definitely not the worst location to have servers, since it is inside EU, meaning that there are relatively strong privacy security laws in effect, and that it's a partner country grade 2 (source) of the USA, meaning it's explicitly excluded from their systematic data theft and industrial espionage (at least, officially).

The transmission of data to the Ubuntu One servers is done using SSL, meaning that it's reasonably secure, at least if you use the web interface and check the used security certificate (the NSA and other industrial espionage agencies have the wrong to have certificates for TLDs issued, allowing Man-In-The-Middle attacks if one doesn't check the certificate used).

Nevertheless, Ubuntu One stores files unencrypted, to enable the user to publish them over it. So, if for any reason a British court decides that Ubuntu One has to give data to the police, the police will get the files and will be able to read them without problems.

Therefore, it is strongly recommended to encrypt any data before it gets uploaded to Ubuntu One (or any other cloud storage). You can either do this manually (for instance with gpg or openssl), or use an automated solution. Someone reported that he used encfs with Ubuntu One successfully.


Try using html5 player on youtube. You can set your preference on youtube.com/html5.


Upgraded from 18.04 to 18.10, now alt+tab doesn't work anymore

I found myself, it was caused by "AlternateTab" gnome extension... There was an update for it too...


Ubuntu won't boot from usb - Windows 8 - non dual boot related

Looks like it won't be easy on your hardware, according to this thread (post #8 and forward). The easiest solution is to install from the netboot image.


Is it possible to show Evolution Calendar Events in applet or indicator using MATE Panel?

It is possible in Ubuntu MATE 18.04 LTS and newer versions.

We need to install indicator-datetime and GNOME Evolution with

sudo apt-get install indicator-datetime --no-install-recommends
sudo apt-get install evolution

Then set up calendar account in Evolution (E-Mail, Contacts and Calendar here) and ensure that the calendar is visible.

Note: if we are running Ubuntu MATE 18.10 or 19.04, then we need to install GNOME Calendar with
sudo apt-get install gnome-calendar --no-install-recommends before proceeding.

Start the indicator manually for the first time with:

systemctl start indicator-datetime.service --user

Then we will see the second clock (provided by indicator-datetime) with calendar in the MATE Panel:

To make it start on every boot we need to add this line to the Startup Applications (mate-session-properties) or set it with programmatical way:

mkdir -p ~/.config/autostart/
cat << EOF > ~/.config/autostart/indicator-datetime.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=systemctl start indicator-datetime.service --user
Hidden=false
X-MATE-Autostart-enabled=true
Name[en_US]=indicator-datetime
Name=indicator-datetime

EOF

All we need is to rearrange MATE Panel to have single clock and other indicators in place.
Really we need to remove right Clock applet.
The result will look like:

and clock will have the needed calendar.

For Ubuntu MATE 16.04 LTS see other answer with hacky method.


Have you tried booting directly from the windows hd/partition?  I hit f12 for my motherboard and it brings up a list of all the hard drives.  From that list select the windows one (there might be two, one labled UEFI, try both).  If you haven't logged on in a year you'll probably have to update.  You might want to set your bios to boot first from the windows drive till you have this resolved because a lot of times windows reboots while updating or repairing.

Congrats on the baby. I know the drill ;-)


You can read the history.log file in /var/log/apt.

Eg. less /var/log/apt/history.log.


Get rid of the ugly notification osd in lubuntu 14.10

That's not how the panel is intended to look - this is a known bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/lubuntu-artwork/+bug/1362555 (If you know how to use launchpad, please feel free to report that this bug also affects you.)

This file: /usr/share/themes/Lubuntu-default/gtk-2.0/images/panel-bg.png is the background of that notification and is tiled.

You could try removing that file or replacing that file with an image of your choice. Replacing it with a nice solid color or gradient would be a good option.

Or, here is an alternative workaround: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/lubuntu-artwork/+bug/1362555/comments/14


This is an issue with the BCM4352 aka Dell 1550 WLAN hardware. People running Linux got so frustrated with the driver that the proposed solution is: rip out the card, buy Intel.

Try 16.04 if possible. You need the latest driver to have a chance with it.


Installing a new cursor theme in Lubuntu (LXDE)

Step 1 :Create a folder /home/your_name/.themes

Step 2: Extract downloaded archive.

Step 3: Move extracted folders to /home/your_name/.themes

I took it from here: Youtube video about LXDE installing a theme


Just installed Rstudio 1.0.136, now where is it?

Is the package called "rstudio..."? If you've got synaptic installed you can search for rstudio and then look at the package properties to see what files are installed where.

Or, from the terminal you can search & show files with dpkg (dpkg-query) and these commands:

   dpkg-query actions
          See dpkg-query(1) for more information about the following actions.

          -l, --list package-name-pattern...
              List packages matching given pattern.
          -s, --status package-name...
              Report status of specified package.
          -L, --listfiles package-name...
              List files installed to your system from package-name.
          -S, --search filename-search-pattern...
              Search for a filename from installed packages.

So find the package name with
dpkg-query --list rstudio
or maybe with wildcards like
dpkg-query --list "*rstudio*"

Then show what files were installed using the exact package name (assuming it's rstudio below
dpkg-query --listfiles rstudio

Or, just search everywhere with find assuming the filename contains "rstudio" somewhere:

find / -type f -iname "*rstudio*" 2>/dev/null

where 2>/dev/null is just to ignore the warnings about permission denied to search some directories.


Can I recover Thunderbird e-mails from a recent backup in Xubuntu 16.04 into a recently installed version of Xubuntu 18.04?

You can simply copy the folder ~/.thunderbird from one computer to another. This folder is "hidden" by default (all folders that begin with a . aren't shown by default)


bluetooth devices not showing in ubuntu 14.04

Try Blueman

sudo apt-get install blueman


Will Nvidia gtx 650 work well on Ubuntu 12.10 / 13.04?

I'm using the gtx 650 with the nvidia 310 driver and it works ok

I made some notes at the time I installed the driver and they were:

Before installing any video drivers from the following MAKE SURE I have installed ppa-purge

http://www.webupd8.org/2012/11/install-ppa-purge-with-multi-arch.html

Then from xorg-edgers (bleading edge/latest NVIDIA support in Ubuntu):

http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/ppa/xorg-edgers?dist=quantal

To use latest NVIDIA drivers I installed this PPA
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install

and installed these packages from it to support the GTX 650 card with the Nvidia 310 drivers etc:

sudo apt-fast install nvidia-settings-310 nvidia-310

so remove these BEFORE any Distro Upgrades with Ubuntu or I'll have a broken system

by doing this command:

sudo ppa-purge nvidia-settings-310 nvidia-310

NOTE by THEM :
IMPORTANT NOTICE - If you are upgrading from one release to another and are using this PPA, be sure to install ppa-purge and use it to downgrade all of this PPA's packages before the upgrade or you will have a broken system.


Octave installation after purging previous installation

so I finally fixed the problem. I used the following -

sudo apt-get autoremove octave
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install libblas-dev liblapack-dev libpcre3-dev libarpack2-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev epstool libfftw3-dev transfig libfltk1.3-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libgl2ps-dev libglpk-dev libreadline-dev gnuplot libgraphicsmagick++-dev libhdf5-serial-dev openjdk-7-jdk libsndfile1-dev llvm-dev lpr texinfo libgl1-mesa-dev libosmesa6-dev pstoedit portaudio19-dev libqhull-dev libqrupdate-dev libqscintilla2-dev libqt4-dev libqtcore4 libqtwebkit4 libqt4-network libqtgui4 libsuitesparse-dev libxft-dev zlib1g-dev

and then in the directory that I unzipped the tar file -

./configure
make
sudo make install

IMPORTANT: I had done these things before but without the sudo apt-get update/upgrade commands and it led to problems. so that's definitely an important step.


Port numbers above 65535 not only violate the TCP standard, they're literally impossible because the TCP package header field for the port number can only hold numbers between 0 and 65535 (i. e. a 16-bit unsigned integer).


Try this, but make sure you backup all the files you wouldn't want to lose.


Ubuntu Phone alternative browsers? VPN? Mysql client? Exchange client?

Currently, Ubuntu touch phones are for early adopters that want hardware to develop and test new applications themselves …  It has most features that most phones have as well and some features that none have, but if you want Skype, MySQL, VLC, VNC, FireFox, … from the standard repositories, roll up your sleeves and start adapting them and publish them yourself.
:-)


How to install UBUNTU on micro SD of Lenovo miix 310 ideapad?

Download the latest LTS version of Ubuntu from http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop.
Create an install media, either USB or DVD from the downloaded ISO.
Boot to the install media.  Make sure you are booting mode type UEFI so that the installer will recognize you want to install in that mode, which is required for dual booting your current Windows 10 installation.

You may have to run off `Secure boot`.

Choose the Try Ubuntu without installing option for access to help with any problems during the install.  Then run the Install Ubuntu application on the desktop.

Answer the preliminary options such as language.  When you get to the installation type, choose Install alongside Windows.

If you don't see the Alongside Windows option, choose do something else.  The Do something else will give you the option of choosing the partition where you want to install Ubuntu.  For this you would have to create a partition by manually resizing the partitions you have and creating two partitions for the Ubuntu Installation.

Manually Create Ubuntu Install partitions

You can either use Windows Disk Manager or Ubuntu's Disk Manager (gparted).
You can run gparted by type "gparted" in the Ubuntu search button.  There you will have a graphical user interface to resize, move, create, and delete partitions.  Create two partitions for the Ubuntu Installation.  One for the OS I recommend at least 50 Gigs.  And one for swap.  Make the swap partition about 1 1/2 the amount of memory you have.  If you have 8 gigs of RAM.  Make the swap partition about 12 gigs.

Exit Gparted and run the Ubuntu Install again.  This time choose "Do Something Else" and specify the partition that you have chosen for your root "/" destination.

AFter following the installation prompts confirm to reboot the computer.  Choose Ubuntu in your BIOS boot option.  You'll have the option in the boot menu of choosing which OS to boot.
To have Windows as your default boot choice, count string with 0 to the boot choices on the screen.  If windows is the 4th one down, the count will be 3.  While in Ubuntu, edit your grub file and place your choice on the default boot line.

Make Windows the Default Boot option

Edit /etc/default/grub:

Change from:

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true

Change to:

GRUB_DEFAULT=3
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true

Now update your grub with:

$ sudo update-grub


You should click on the Copy to Clipborad Button on the left-bottom corner of Save Screenshot dialog box. As follows:


I believe those settings only apply to Unity; gnome shell seems to store its clock settings in org.gnome.desktop.interface, but only allows you to set whether to display seconds and/or the date.

I had a quick look on the extensions site, though, and this seems to do what you are wanting: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/795/format-clock/


Faced the same problem with all nvidia drivers available from Kubuntu 12.04 (64 bits) repository and most of the (latest) drivers from nvidia.
Problem seems to be at least partially solved with beta 302.11 from ftp://download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/ but BE WARNED this is an early beta driver, so YMMV.
I can use xrender, but not opengl (some artifacts are shown on screen when moving windows, etc).
My card is a GeForce 7300 LE.
If you don't want to live on the edge, use nouveau until 302.11 is out of beta stage, as it worked OK all the time (minus 3D acceleration I guess).
Good luck!

Miguel


LibreOffice installed by default is not a stable version

The stable version is the same as RC2, as stated in LibreOffice's release notes. That page refers to the version 4.0.4 but I remember that they have done this before (like with the version 3.6.6 mentioned on that page). LibreOffice's Launchpad page also states that the minor releases are often identical to their RC2 versions.

However, I'm not sure why the repositories have not been updated to the final release of 4.0.4, though the list of LO's version in different versions of Ubuntu suggests that Raring's current version won't be updated unless a security fix is released later for the 4.0.x series. Meanwhile, you can use the ppa:libreoffice/libreoffice-4-0 PPA to get the 4.0.4 version.


Can I use Ubuntu installed on external HDD on Macbook Air?

I am familiar with a windows enviroment, when i'm using a a windows computer, I enter the BIOS settings and change the boot sequence so it checks if it can boot from a USB device before it goes to the hard drive.  As i have looked online, apparently, there is no BIOS on a Mac, but there is a program called EFI apparently, where you can change the boot order from the hard drive(or solid state drive) being first to making your external hard drive first.
This link is about the boot order changing program, EFI.

This link is somewhat about how to use it.

EDIT: There also was a thing on the apple website that said if you press "c" during start up, it will boot from a bootable CD, DVD, or USB drive.  If this works, it might be easier.  MORE INFO

Sorry if this was not enough information for you, hopefully it is, but i could not test it out, as i do not have a mac.


Why internal hard-disk is showing twice? Ubuntu 20.04

It does not show your hard disk twice. What you see, are partitions on that drive.
/dev/sda is the device name for a classical hard drive. Other drives will be named as sdb, sdc, etc. Partitions on it are designated with an additional number, e.g. /dev/sda1 is the device name of the first partition on a drive, sda2 a second one, etc.
Your disk is partitioned according to the traditional MBR format. On your sda hard disk, the Ubuntu installer has created one primary partition, sda1, and one extended partition, sda2. That extended partition serves to hold additional partitions, known as "logical partitions". In your case, there is a single logical partition sda5, which is the partition on which Ubuntu is installed.
The sda1 partition is an EFI partition formatted with the file system FAT32 as shown in the output (also known as vfat in linux). That is a small partition that is used for booting on more modern computers.
So do not worry. All is normal and fine.


If you dual booted it, you can go to File System and look for a folder called "host" in there should be all your stuff from xp, if you don't have that folder, you may need to do what  Geppettvs said.


cannot import user.key in network manager openvpn

I have solved it. All key files had a mask of 600. After I changed it I could import everything and my VPN works.


paste the contents of one file into another file using Vi

One solution would be to:

cat originalfile.txt >> newfile.txt

and then remove the original file. It would simplify for us if you let us know exactly what you are trying to achieve.


There is currently no official Whatsapp client for Ubuntu phone till now, but there is a workaround to do that.

Please read this for more information http://www.whatsappfor.org/software/whatsapp-ubuntu-phone-touch/


Upgrade from 18.04 to 20.04 failed with error in cache.update

I would check if you are properly connected to the internet first.

Do a sudo apt update followed by sudo apt upgrade and then sudo do-release-upgrade -d


Existing partitons not recognized during installation

I found the solution here. The basic part is:

OK, then, it looks like you've got a new MBR with residual GPT data, which is confusing GParted. You'll have to wipe the GPT data. Here's how:

Boot your PartedMagic or System Rescue CD emergency disc.
For safety, back up your MBR by typing "dd if=/dev/sda of=sda-backup.mbr bs=512 count=1" and then copying the resulting file (sda-backup.mbr) to a USB flash drive, network share, or some other medium. Be sure to get the if= and of= parameters right, though!
Launch gdisk by typing "gdisk /dev/sda". When asked whether to use the MBR or GPT data, either will work.
Type "x" to enter the experts' menu. The command prompt should change.
Type "z" to "zap" (destroy) the GPT data. Tell it to proceed, but answer "N" to the question about blanking the MBR.

That's it. Windows should boot as it did before and you should now be able to continue your installation of Ubuntu; its installer should now see the same partitions as Windows.


Can I install Ubuntu on the same partition as windows 10

Ubuntu and Windows can NOT be on the same partition. Ever.
...unless one is a Virtual Machine.
...or an image file of a system (instead of an installed system).


$ nautilus --no-desktop

should do the trick.


maas-dhcpd is not on because bind9 127.0.0.1#954: connection refused

I managed to solve this issue following https://discourse.maas.io/t/facing-old-bug-lp-1683047-with-maas-2-5-stable-bind9-fails-to-start-duplicated-entry/314/7?u=atdhrhs

  I couldn’t find the duplicated ips, however i deleted those ones that i get the error about, and it worked.


What is the best way to build a package that targets a single Ubuntu release only?

Within a Debian package, there's no way to say "Allow installations on 14.04 only". That has to happen at the apt repository level (which I'll get to shortly later). The semi-exception to this is that because Trusty is newer than Precise, Trusty will have some library packages renamed (which, as long as the user's not using a PPA that provides these packages, will make them uninstallable) and will have newer versions of libraries, for which dh-shlibdeps may add a version requirement. Therefore, in both of these cases, the package will be uninstallable in Precise. Note that a package built for Precise might be able to be installed in Trusty.

As for the apt repository, packages do have a separate debian version number for each release. The format you describe could work, although using ~ is more common, partly because ~ is less than all other characters, and so if the user upgrades to a newer release (e.g. from Precise to Trusty), and the package is present in the official repos (with a version number of 1.0.0-3, then the user will upgrade from 1.0.0-3~precise1 to 1.0.0-3, even if you have a 1.0.0-3~trusty1. This won't apply if you use any other character. I personally use something like 1.0.0-0ubuntu1~ppa1~precise1; the ~ppa1 part is to make it less than any official Ubuntu package that might come in the future, and the ~precise1 part is to specify the release. Other PPA maintainers may use 1.0.0-3~12.04.1 or 1.0.0-3~14.04.1, specifying the version number instead of the codename, which is guaranteed to be increasing (as long as Ubuntu version numbers don't reset).

Note that the binary packages have the same source package, so you would need to make sure your .changes file does not include the source package.


On my Oneiric system I had to do the following to get XBell/XkbBell working again:

Load the module pcspkr (like you already did via /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf)
Remove the package pulseaudio-module-x11 (that seems to absorb all XBell events)
Put options snd-hda-intel beep_mode=2 into /etc/modprobe.d/enable-beep.conf (you only need that case you own a system with an intel sound chip like my Latitude E6420). Unmute the speaker in alsamixer after that.

Some terminals (like konsole, see bug Bug 177861) ignore the bell character. A good way to test the system beep is with the xkbbell command.

After I did all that the java call Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep() works just fine.


Internet connection problem - Broadcom + Lenovo Ideapad + Ubuntu 14.04

First off you probably mean that your wireless card is Broadcom4312, not your wireless router (two very different things, and you confused me there for a second)

I've had quite a bit of wireless driver trouble myself (Macbook with a Broadcom card) so hopefully I can help you out with my experience.

SOLUTION 1:

Forget pasting codes. The easiest thing to do is enter the "additional drivers" app (check system settings if you cant find it), and enable the "Broadcom STA Wireless Driver" (BCM4312 looks like it is supported).

For me the installation freezes after a while, that's fine. For whatever reason the driver installs fine even though the Additional Drivers program will seem like it's "downloading and installing" forever. Force shut down your computer after 10 minutes (to be safe), and when you reboot you should be good.

SOLUTION 2:

You shouldnt need to use this, but I've had success with this in the past. Open terminal and type

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

and reboot.


How do I tag files with custom emblems in Nautilus?

The Gnome 3 devs have removed the Backgrounds and Emblems tab for the following reasons:

There are some reasons for it:

the code is quite old and crufty, pulls in a lot of libeel code and
is basically unmaintained.

the feature, as it stands, is not really useful, and it's more
cosmetic than anything else, especially now that we use browser mode
by default.

we're trying to achieve a more streamlined nautilus and removing
legacy features goes in the right direction.

The article goes onto mention that the underlying API is still there and certain apps like DropBox can & does make use of it.

Linked Question:

Is there any tweak to bring back emblems in Nautilus?


How to make sure that gcc, binutils, make and the kernel source are installed?

Install the following packages via apt-get or Synaptic:

gcc
binutils
make
linux-source

The last package always contains the sources for the newest kernel. If you are running an older kernel, you should get the sources for that, e.g. linux-source-3.0.0 . If you don't know, which kernel you are running, type uname -a in a terminal.


LibreOffice Impress: change screen format from 4:3 to 16:9 without stretching images?

So, a little experimentation:

I assume you already know how to change the format of the slide, and when you do this there are two methods I found for maintaining the images on the slide:

You can select the images(s) in the screen, cut them (ctrl-x) chage the format and then paste the images back in (ctrl-v)
In the dialog for changing the screen size, there is a checkbox titled "Fit Object to paper format" - clear this checkbox, and the images on the page will not be re-scaled.  You will need to re-position them.


Mailnag works.

To install the standard Mailnag for your version of Ubuntu just do:

sudo apt-get install mailnag
mailnagconfig

To install the latest and greatest: there is a its ppa available as well:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pulb/mailnag
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mailnag
mailnagconfig

Then install the Gnome shell extension here.

If it still doesn't pull your unread mail, make sure that you have installed mailnag-goa-plugin, and that you have set up your google account in Gnome online accounts.
https://github.com/pulb/mailnag-goa-plugin


I booted from the Ubuntu installation CD. It autodetected the previous Ubuntu installation and gave options like: Erase all OSs and install this Ubuntu, upgrade old Ubuntu with this new one, etc. So I upgraded the old one with new. :) Job done!


How do you label a Launcher icon which has no icon label

First you can try to reinstall it at the Software Center.

If it does not work, check /usr/share/applications/gtkpod.desktop it should look like this:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=gtkpod iPod Manager
GenericName=iPod Manager
Comment=Manage music and video on an Apple iPod
Exec=gtkpod
Icon=gtkpod
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=GTK;AudioVideo;

If the file matches this one check if you have the gtkpod icon in your icon theme /usr/share/icons/ should be under apps or devices.

Also if you have a custom .desktop for gtkpod in ~/.local/share/applications/ you can rename the file foo-bar.old, so the original file should work properly.

After you do everything above, just logout then back to restart unity.


You can turn off swap with command

sudo swapoff -a

After that you can resize or delete existing or do something ...
If you only resize swap probably you do not have to made some change in /etc/fstab/

Swap can be added like swap file.
Try with this command to add swap of 2 GB

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1k count=2048k
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0

Edit 1

On the following link you have manual to re-size encrypted partitions, also here


The error here isn't an issue with python but with python-lxml that it is not installed. Try the following :

  sudo apt-get install python-lxml
  sudo apt-get install software-center

This shoud resolve your issue.


Why are no OCR engines working in Gscan2pdf after upgrading to 14.04?

There is a simple patch fix for this which can be found at: http://sourceforge.net/p/gscan2pdf/bugs/173/


What is the difference between kernel 3.16 and 3.18?

Too many things change, and too many changes are of a highly technical nature for a good answer. I will try to highlight a couple of things, but you can get a good summary at Kernel Newbies (3.17, 3.18).

OverlayFS
The big change, for me, was the merge of OverlayFS to the mainline kernel in 3.18. OverlayFS is a lightweight way to obtain a "merged" view of two directories. Uses including having a combined view of your media files, safely running scripts in sandbox, etc.
Thunderbolt and XBox One controller support
Signed kexec kernels - kexec is a feature that allows you to upgrade
the kernel without a full reboot.


How can I change the language from UK to US?

Open settings and select Region & Language.

Click the "Language" section. Mine is UK as well.

Select the language you want:

Click Done. You will have to log out and then log in again for the changes to take effect. You can click the "Restart Session" to do this:

When you log in, you may have to set your keyboard back to UK - but probably not. If you do have to, the changes should be persistent from then on.


The software that encrypts the stick is most probably only available for Microsoft Windows.
While you may have luck getting that to run in wine I highly doubt that it'll function properly.


Rearrange the components of filenames for a group of files

You should be able to do that using capture groups with the perl-based rename command e.g. at its simplest

rename -vn -- 's/^(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{4})/$3-$2-$1/' *.jpg

(Note: the -n is a dry-run flag: it won't actually change anything unless you remove that.)


How to mount a USB device in read only mode?

When you plug in your USB, it will be automatically mounted with some name in the /media folder.

Open a Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T). Type the following command:

mount

You will see a result something like this:

/dev/sda7 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sda5 on /home type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sdb1 on /media/84CD-D8C7 type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uid=1000,gid=1000,shortname=mixed,dmask=0077,utf8=1,showexec,uhelper=udisks)

Look at the last line in my example: /dev/sdb1 on /media/84CD-D8C7 type vfat plus some other output. Your clue is that its folder begins with /media; in this case, /media/84CD-D8C7.

You can now tell the system to remount it read-only with the following command:

sudo mount --options=remount,ro /media/84CD-D8C7

Of course, you would replace 84CD-D8C7 with the actual name that you have. To check that it worked, you can reissue the mount command. See how mine has changed — look for the ro after the parenthesis (ro stands for "read-only", rw stands for "read-write").

/dev/sdb1 on /media/84CD-D8C7 type vfat (ro,nosuid,nodev,uid=1000,gid=1000,shortname=mixed,dmask=0077,utf8=1,showexec,uhelper=udisks)

Explanation (if you are interested):

sudo means to authorise this command (i.e. run it as "root"), because the "mount" command is not available to all users. This will ask for your password.
mount tells the system to "mount" the device, i.e. attach it to your computer and give it a folder name. In this case, it has already been done; we are using the command to change the way the device was mounted.
--options tells the mount command that we are going to specify some options.
remount means just that: mount the device again, with exactly the same settings unless you tell it otherwise.
ro says to remount as read-only. This is the only change that we are making to the mount.
/media/84CD-D8C7 specifies where it is already mounted.


Docker command works in terminal but not script

Bash command in docker

Welcome to Docker ;-) The command docker run -it cli bash starts the Docker image cli and than runs the bash command as login shell inside the container. This is way you get the root@someaddress prompt. So everything is as expected.

If you want to execute a command inside the container (and exit the container after that), use this:

docker run -it cli bash -c "echo hello from \$host; ls -la /"

Beware, quoting is important after the -c switch. If you need more information on the command_string checkout the bash manpage.

Run command(s) in container

There are many ways to get bash commands executed inside the container:

# mount the script into the container with -v
script=$(readlink -f myscript.sh)
docker run -it -v $script:$script cli bash $script

# use bash array to pass the commands into the container
cmd_list=()
cmd_list+=(echo cmd1)
cmd_list+=(echo cmd2)
cmd_list+=(echo done)
docker run -it cli bash -c "${cmd_list[*]}"

# google: bash here script


I am looking for help with my GMA500 in a T91MT

Edit:
There is a custom Oneiric ISO with EMGD and all the needed modifications. You might want to try that first.
http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=11356431&postcount=4605

You've been trying to follow older howtos, none of which claim to be a solution for Ubuntu 11.10. Look closely, the EMGD PPA only claims support upto Natty, aka Ubuntu 11.04. The second guide suggests installing the old PSB driver, which worked starting from 9.04 through 11.10, thanks the community efforts, but has become impractical to support without Intel's contribution. There simply aren't any PSB packages for Oneiric.

People like GMA500 very much, if only Intel would provide a working Linux driver, open or closed, same as for its other chipsets.

Some claimed to have gotten 11.10 partially working with gma500:  http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=11378988&postcount=4643

1. boot from standard install cd in live mode (F6) with "poulsbo.asd=1 psb_gfx.asd=1" added to kernel string
2. select install ubuntu from livecd
3. boot selecting unity-2d and install updates
4. make unity-2d default interface

sudo sed -i 's/user-session=ubuntu/user-session=ubuntu-2d/g' /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

5. perform emgd install and reboot

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gma500/emgd-1.8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xorg-emgd emgd-dkms
sudo emgd-xorg-conf

6. still won't boot so blacklist other modules and disable plymouth

sudo echo "# EMGD" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
sudo echo "blacklist psb_gfx" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
sudo echo "blacklist poulsbo" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
sudo echo "emgd" >> /etc/modules
sudo mv /etc/init/plymouth.conf /etc/init/plymouth.conf.disabled

now it works, sort of, here are my problems:

1. LibreOffice is way too slow, especially Calc
2. Playing videos from youtube, etc.. is impossible, sound sync is lost immediately
3. General performance of the system is kind-of slow, but within expected netbook range (I used have an older AspireOne, and it was a little better than 1101HA after the RAM upgrade)


Libre and open office not working in Ubuntu 14.04

This PPA offers no packages for your version (14.04) of Ubuntu. In one glance: on this page https://launchpad.net/~upubuntu-com/+archive/ubuntu/office there are no packages for "Trusty", which is what the installer looks for. Only much older versions are supported by this PPA.

As @DKBose mentions, simply install LibreOffice (if it isn't installed yet).


Is it possible to downgrade gcc 4.6.1 to 4.4.x?

You can install both gcc-4.4 and gcc-4.6 if you wish. The binaries for them would be: /usr/bin/gcc-4.4 and /usr/bin/gcc-4.6.

Besides this, if you want /usr/bin/gcc to point to /usr/bin/gcc-4.4, then you have to update the link yourself or use update-alternatives as explained in this question.


How to perform a detailed and quick 3D performance test

Ubuntu since 11.04 comes with benchmarks glmark2 and glmark2-es2 which are quite good to perform simple benchmark (with shader) and are very light for download.

glmark2 is actively developed by Linaro group. With each new release, new and more demanding benchmarks are coming. https://launchpad.net/glmark2

Benchmark also runs well on devices (ARM, OpenGL-ES2 based), so it's good (hardware) cross platform comparison. glmark2-es2 running on OMAP4/powervr Pandaboard http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5jg9D1lH5Y


Command line open browser window at size?

Yes, this is possible with devilspie (As I am using this myself now). Except, this program runs as daemon and do not require shell script.

It handles application windows' border decoration, behaviour (sticky, always on top), window geometry, position and states (maximize, fullscreen) based on matched traits. It can control not only Firefox, but almost any graphical applications at launch.

To use this, you will have to create the configuration files for each application you want to control. You can find practical examples in this fullest documentation.

If you need GUI to write the configuration files, there's gDevilspie. Newer releases of Ubuntu includes this in Software Center, but you can download directly from its project page.

On second thought, perhaps you are actually looking into "tiling window manager"--which is another different approach.


How can I create torrent files from transmission or deluge using GUI?

With Transmission, it's pretty simple. Go to the File menu, click on New:

Choose the file/folder you want to share in the Source Folder/File options and the location where the torrent file will be created in the Save to option. Add any trackers and comments, and click on New. You will be given an option to add the created torrent to Transmission.
In Deluge too, the process is simple. Press CtrlN, or, in the File menu, click on Create Torrent:

When you click on Save, you will be asked where to save the new torrent file.


Can Ubuntu Phone run on LG Optimus L4 E440?

There is an official list here: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices

If your device is not in this list, you will have to port it by yourself, write drivers, etc.


Just add the accel key to the config file. I did in a terminal console:

echo '(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/ShellActions/Up" "BackSpace")' >> ~/.config/nautilus/accels

Restart nautilus after killing it by executing

nautilus -q

Extracted from:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus/+bug/1108637/comments/6


Broken file permissions when using ubuntu as guest system (vmware)

I solved it via rebooting VMWare, but yep, it sucks.


Try out this Uninstaller file.. It may work.
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide?action=AttachFile&do=view&target=Uninstall-Ubuntu.exe

And try using "EasyBCD" also.


Partititoning the hard drive after Ubuntu installation

Based on your comments above you have a primary partition (sda1), an extended partition (sda2) and within the extended partition you have a logical partition (sda5-swap).

It is not clear if you want to make a primary or a logical partition. In either case, you will need to shrink the sda1 first to free up some space.

In gparted you can click on the sda1 partition and drag it's right edge to shrink it.

Once you have some unused space, you create more partitions.

To create a logical partition you have to shrink sda1, expand the extended sda2 to cover the newly created unused space, and create new sda6 logical partition inside sda2.

You can try this in gparted, nothing will be done until you click Apply.


It seems you have selected wrong 'partition type and target system' while creating bootable USB in Rufus.

Now Do This:

First check what partition type your system has i.e GPT or MBR.
here is a link to how to check if a Disk uses GPT or MBR.

Then in Rufus while creating bootable USB select 'partition type and target system' as GPT partition scheme for UEFI if you have GPT partion scheme else select MBR Partion scheme for BIOS and UEFI

And now system will be able to detect USB in UEFI Mode.If trying this also you are not getting the option,Then you can check if system detects bootable USB in Legacy(BIOS) mode by changing to legacy in BIOS menu.If it detects it, you can install ubuntu in legacy(BIOS) mode but that is not recommended!

If your system has Only legacy mode(BIOS) then go for MBR Partion scheme for BIOS and UEFI .


unable to execute /opt/vc/bin/vcgencmd: No such file or directory

For Ubuntu 20.04 vcgencmd is included in an existing package:
apt install libraspberrypi-bin
For a script to decode the result, this is working for me.


Aside from going 2-5 years between "upgrades", what do I give up by jumping off LTS?

I've been using ubuntu since Warty in 2004 and I always upgraded every six months.
Incremental upgrades are always a bit tricky in my experience. You need to carefully prepare your system before the jump and sometimes what you get is not as polished as a fresh ubuntu installation. That's why I usually proceed with a fresh installation each time. I keep a separate /home partition and I just format my / partition every six months. After the upgrade I just apt install my favourite apps and everything works like before. I'm not saying you should do the same, but for sure jumping from LTS to LTS every two years will result in bigger jumps (and an increased risk of failing upgrades).

In my opinion you shouldn't be afraid of frequent upgrades. LTSes can be more stable in the long run (errors will be fixed down the road) but not at the beginning of each cycle, so even if you jump from LTS to LTS, you're not getting a dramatically different experience than upgrading every six months.


$ unxz sqlitestudio-3.3.3.tar.xz
$ tar xvf sqlitestudio-3.3.3.tar
$ cd SQLiteStudio/
rinzwind@schijfwereld:/discworld/Downloads/SQLiteStudio$ ls
iconengines   lib        platformthemes  printsupport  sqlitestudiocli
imageformats  platforms  plugins         sqlitestudio  styles

so it looks like ...
$ ./sqlitestudio


With ubuntu/apache how do I keep my website from being viewed from the public while I work on it?

As with all production software, work with at least two versions

your local Dev version, where all your changes go until you've tested them to your satisfaction.
your live online version, where you install tested components from your Dev version.

These versions may be on different machines. The process of moving components from Dev to live needs testing also. And of course you'll need to maintain version history and backups of both sites.

Remember to test the backups!


Is there a podcasts player which remembers the time?

I would suggest Miro which you can get from the software centre.

It can play both video and audio podcast's and remembers the where you stopped and will start again from that position.

as you can see the bottom podcast was stopped at 17:14 if I start it again it will resume from that point.


You can use the gnome keyring plugin, as the name describes it only works with the Gnome Keyring.

You can build it from source:

https://github.com/aebrahim/pidgin-gnome-keyring

Or use a PPA:

https://launchpad.net/~pidgin-gnome-keyring/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

This is a still valid post that describes how it works and how to install it:

http://www.webupd8.org/2011/08/save-pidgin-passwords-in-gnome-keyring.html


Run JNLP (Java Network Launching Protocol) file on Ubuntu 20.04

The current package you need to install for .jnlp to run is:
sudo apt install icedtea-netx


ntfs partition missing when I installed ubuntu mate 14.4

Unless you've got another physical disk, it looks like you've accidentally overwritten your Windows installation, including both C: and D: partitions.

If you have good backups, now is the time to use them.

If you do not have good backups, shut down and stop using the disk immediately! Your best hope for recovery is to use a tool like PhotoRec, which can recover files from badly damaged filesystems. (I've heard that some Windows tools can do a better job than PhotoRec on NTFS, but I don't remember the specifics or have pointers to these tools.) You'll need a second disk with sufficient capacity to hold your recovered files, and you'll need to boot to an emergency system to run PhotoRec (or whatever you use instead of it).


Solution for the above problem is to fire the terminal and enter

sudo nano /etc/ssh/ssh_config

Add at the end of the file:

ServerAliveInterval 60

Save and exit.
Restart ssh with

sudo service ssh restart


Installation of HPLIP-3.18.7 or earlier ineffective in enabling printing from Ubuntu 18.04

best delete an existing version of hplip; before adding a newer version;

delete thoroughly with sudo apt purge hplip

so even if you think you have already installed 3.18.7, do the above and reinstall as described below

to install 3.18.7 of hplip; go here https://developers.hp.com/hp-linux-imaging-and-printing/gethplip and click to download and SAVE what will be hplip-3.18.7.run

open a terminal; (hold down control and alt and t keys all at once);
copy each command below and paste into the terminal;
to paste into the terminal, click in the terminal window to make it live, then hold down three keys there: control and shift and v

cd Downloads

sh hplip-3.18.7.run

and that should install this version; check it is installed with dpkg -l hplip and it should say 3.18.7


gzip: stdin: unexpected end of file -> problem in extracting jdk-7u55-linux-x64.tar.gz

Please don't use sudo unless necessary. If you are extracting this into a directory you have access to, there's no need for sudo.

Anyway, the error you're getting is usually due to an incomplete download. The archive ends before the expected footer of the gzipped file. It will probably work fine if you just download it again.


How to restore the default chown permissions on a directory / file?

As gertvdijk suggests (by reference to this question), reinstalling is almost always the best and easiest way to fix this (and the only way you can be sure will completely fix it), especially if you don't know exactly where the permission were changed or what they were changed from.

This method, which private has suggested, might work, and you may consider it worth a try. However, there is some variation from version to version of where files and folders are and what their ownership and permissions should be. Furthermore, with any solution besides reinstalling, you'll never know if there are some files or folders with wrong permissions, which may at some point in the future cause problems.

You can usually fix--or at least make progress--on the problem of sudo not working (i.e., problem 1, as you've listed it) by fixing its ownership:

pkexec chown root:root /usr/bin/sudo

In a situation like yours, that's mainly useful as a convenience measure to make it easier to perform whatever administrative tasks you need to get done before reinstalling. (Or before attempting to apply some more complicated solution.) A backup is definitely in order now, if your backups of important files (e.g., documents) are not completely up-to-date.

Finally, please note that it's only ownership, and not permissions, that were modified. So you might try recursively changing directories' ownership back to root. However, that is not that likely to fix the problem either, because:

it's unclear if you know exactly what directories have been changed.
some files should not be owned by root because they have to be accessed by less privileged parts of the system; setting their ownership or permissions too restrictively could break the system.
some files could cause security vulnerabilities if owned by root. A setuid executable always runs as the user who owns it. Your system may contain setuid executables that are intended always to run as some non-privileged user; making them run as root could be bad. Or someone may have--intentionally or unintentionally--created an setuid file (without having permissions to make it owned by root). If you make it owned by root, it will execute as root, no matter who runs it. That could be very bad.

So, if this is a production system, you should just reinstall.


Ubuntu 11.10 64 bit and 32 bit on two drives

I believe update-grub right from your current install should do all this for you.

/etc/grub/30_os-prober seems to be what handles all the nitty gritty details, but you don't really have to care about that.

My suggestion? Plug in the other HD, try update-grub and see what happens. It ought to all just work, but if not, come back and edit the question :)


Maximized windows go under vertical taskbar with dual monitors on KDE

Unfortunately, it is a long known issue with X according to this page: http://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=66&t=102303

I was searching for a solution to similar problem when I came across this page.


Just as PRATAP mentioned:

try no-screenblank gnome-extensions

No Screen Blank does exactly that. I used firefox extension to use it. Instalation process is just a click on on/off switch.


Unable to open terminal & File Manager in Ubuntu 18.04

I was facing the same symptoms and resolved this. Please correct me in the comments if I am writing something wrong because I am new to OS in general.

Tl;dr

  I have changed my password and everything got back to normal

It all started when I have established a connection using noMachine from a remote PC. My guess is, that due to enabling noMachine to remember my user and password for future login I have somehow enabled the automatic login on the Ubuntu host.

As a result, each time I logged in, the system did not recognize me as an admin without typing my password for each operation. This is demonstrated by a popup massage:

  Enter password to unlock your login keyring
  The login keyring did not get unlocked when you logged into your computer
  which appears on opening chrome after a reboot.

Also, you gave a hint when you stated that "I'm able to open nautilus from VS Code terminal using- sudo nautilus". I proceeded to use xterm for the same results as well as launching gnome-terminal successfully using sudo gnome-terminal from xterm.

So something is definetely wrong with explaining my self as an admin to my OS. In short, a simple password change saved the day and I am refraining from autologing in with noMachine. I am sure that all Ubuntu experts here will be able to explain what happened better than me, so go ahead and comment. I will edit this answer accordingly if needed.


No version of Ubuntu can be installed with any Skylake 6th generation Intel processor

Boot with nomodeset boot parameter as it is described in this answer.

You will be able to install Ubuntu. After you do it, the system will probably won't boot again.

You will have to get to grub menu by pressing Shift or ESC button and enter nomodeset again.

Then  install 4.3 kernel. It can be done this way. Run in terminal:

mkdir ~/linux-4.3
cd ~/linux-4.3
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.3-wily/linux-headers-4.3.0-040300-generic_4.3.0-040300.201511020949_amd64.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.3-wily/linux-headers-4.3.0-040300_4.3.0-040300.201511020949_all.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.3-wily/linux-image-4.3.0-040300-generic_4.3.0-040300.201511020949_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

and reboot. I hope the system will boot without the nomodeset parameter.

Notice: The kernel will not get updates. You will need to install them manually from Mainline kernel PPA.


unable to install and configure chef-server on ubuntu 12.04

I took the hint from here https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21735878/chef-server-ctl-reconfigure-fails-after-customizing-the-postgresql-port. There is already an installed PostgreSQL. The fix is as follows.

  Modify existing PostgreSQL installation's port number to be 5433 and
  let Chef's instance use 5432. Now the "chef-server-ctl reconfigure"
  command completes successfully.

It is also possible to change the port that Chef Server is using to access PostgreSQL.


As you can see from Ubuntu Pacakages site http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/texlive-full. This is

  TeX Live: metapackage pulling in all components of TeX Live

Feel free to use command-line tools to examine packages, for example: apt-cache show texlive-full gives the following output
http://paste.ubuntu.com/12904879/
As you see this package has all texlive-* packages as dependencies, and it is not conflicts with them but instead depends on them.
So installing texlive-full will just install addition packages, not touching another packages. It's like a superset.


The error has nothing to do with gedit and/or nano. Your script call is a bit wrong. This error occurs, if you start sh with an non-existing file in the current folder. Therefore start your script with a full path:

sh /path/to/your/script.sh

or change your current folder and start your script inside this folder:

cd /path/to/your
sh script.sh


Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS unable to access Wifi

Edit your /etc/netplan/*.yaml... keeping the exact same indentation, spacing, and no tabs...
sudo -H gedit /etc/netplan/*.yaml # use the correct .yaml file name
# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
#
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply
reboot
Then go to the NetworkManager applet at the right side of the top panel and select your wifi network.
Update #1:

boot into Windows
open the Power control panel
choose change what the power buttons do
choose change options that are unavailable
uncheck fast startup
close the Power control panel
open an administrative command prompt window
type powercfg /h off
type chkdsk /f c:
approve to run chkdsk at next reboot
type chkdsk /f x: (replacing "x" with drive letters of other visible NTFS partitions)
reboot into Windows to let chkdsk run on drive C:


Can't create .desktop launcher for XMind

When you run it as ./Xmind, your current directory is the same directory as the Xmind executable. To duplicate that effect in a .desktop file, add a Path= line to set the working directory:

Path=/home/user01/.installed/xmind-8-linux/XMind_amd64/

For more information, see the .desktop file specification on what the Path entry does.

I'd also recommend moving the .desktop file from /usr/share/applications to /home/user01/.local/share/applications/, since, if you store the application within your home directory, it's probably an application just for you, rather than all users on the system.


How to set environment variable through vi in Ubuntu 16.04

Vim steps would be:

From your terminal open document for editing with commands:

sudo vi /etc/environment
Note that the sudo is needed since only users with elevated priveleges can edit files in the /etc folder

To start editing the file from your keyboard use the following key combinations:

Start to edit: i
To move around, use keys h, j, k, and l

After edit to get out of edit mode [ which was entered with i ], use esc
After exiting to save: Shift + ;, then [wq | x], now press Enter

These are just basic steps, others exist so search and read up.

Quick tips:

Always use the esc to get out of vim modes.
I wrote something but don't want to keep it (provided you didn't do esc, Shift+;, w, Enter), use esc, then Shift+;, then q followed by !, then finally Enter.
Finished want to save and quit at the same time, use esc, then Shift+;, then x, now finish with Enter


How do I install Tor Browser on Ubuntu 17.10?

Extracting the Tor Browser Bundle
You downloaded the file to your Downloads directory, which is a subdirectory of your home directory. When you open a terminal, you would not normally be in your Downloads directory. You would normally be in your home directory.
To change directory into your Downloads directory, use the cd command:
cd Downloads

That works if you're in your home directory already, which you probably are when you open a terminal window. However, you can also put ~/ in front of Downloads. The ~/ gets expanded into the full path to your home directory.
So this works from anywhere:
cd ~/Downloads

If you ever want or need to, you can return to your home directory simply with cd, though cd ~ or cd ~/ would also work.
If you actually want to extract the archive in your Downloads folder, you can then do so with the command you ran (assuming the filename is correct for what you downloaded). However, the Tor Browser Bundle doesn't really install--it unpacks to a directory full of files, and you just run it from there. So I suggest unpacking it somewhere more suitable. I would probably put it straight in my home directory:
cd
tar xf Downloads/tor-browser-linux64-7.5.3_en-US.tar.xz

(Future readers will want to use the latest available Tor Browser Bundle, whose filename will eventually be different at least in its version number. It is extremely important to avoid using an old version because security vulnerabilities--including vulnerabilities of the sort that could compromise your privacy--are discovered from time to time, and then new versions are released that fix those bugs. The linux64 part may also be different if you're running the 32-bit version of Ubuntu and thus downloaded the 32-bit version of the Tor browser bundle.)
You don't have to use that exact command. I omitted the v because I didn't feel the need to see a list of all the files being extracted. I omitted the J because, for many years now, tar has automatically detected what type of compression is used.
That extracts the contents of the archive into your home directory. Currently this consists of a single directory called tor-browser_en-US. Inside that directory is a file called start-tor-browser.desktop, which works as a launcher for starting the program graphically, and a subdirectory Browser which contains everything else.
The suggested way to set up the Tor Browser to be run easily is to execute that outer start-tor-browser.desktop file. The rest of this answer is about how to do that as well as what, exactly, that does the first time you do it.
Launching the Tor Browser Bundle for the First Time
After you run that tar command shown above, I recommend that you change into the tor-browser_en-US directory that it created:
cd tor-browser_en-US

And then look at the contents of that outer .desktop file, which explains what to do:
cat start-tor-browser.desktop

Even though I'm giving instructions here, I still recommend you read that file. Part of what that file currently tells you is:
# This file is a self-modifying .desktop file that can be run from the shell.
# It preserves arguments and environment for the start-tor-browser script.
#
# Run './start-tor-browser.desktop --help' to display the full set of options.
#
# When invoked from the shell, this file must always be in a Tor Browser root
# directory. When run from the file manager or desktop GUI, it is relocatable.
#
# After first invocation, it will update itself with the absolute path to the
# current TBB location, to support relocation of this .desktop file for GUI
# invocation. You can also add Tor Browser to your desktop's application menu
# by running './start-tor-browser.desktop --register-app'

So I suggest you run:
./start-tor-browser.desktop

Then you can copy that outer .desktop file wherever you like and it will still work as a launcher for the Tor Browser.
You may also, or alternatively, want to put it in your desktop environment's menus. As explained in the excerpted text above, running this command (still from within the extracted tor-browser_en-US directory) should do that:
./start-tor-browser.desktop --register-app


Disable persistence on HDD install (public pc)

Add a Guest User to Ubuntu 18.04

Install lightdm:

sudo apt-get install lightdm

At popup select lightdm as display manager.
After install run:

sudo gedit /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-disable-guest.conf

Change: allow-guest=true.
On next boot there will be a guest user, no changes will be saved during the session.
The administrator may change settings and add programs.

Customize Guest Session


curl: (1) Protocol https not supported or disabled in libcurl

I managed to fix the issue after some hours of trying various options! Here's what I did:

Downloaded from http://curl.haxx.se/download.html.

tar -xzf curl-***.tar.gz
cd curl-*.*.*
./configure --with-ssl
make
sudo make install


Windows 8 boot failure after install of Lubuntu 17.04

There is a very easy way to run windows(that is installed in efi) if ubuntu was installed in legacy. Shut down the computer and when starting up press the key that brings you into boot manager,mine was f12. From the boot manager screen choose the windows efi option, and it should load windows. This may not be the best fix, but it allows you to get into windows. This worked for me on my lenovo flex 3. Hopefully this helps anyone else who installed ubuntu in legacy mode.


Are there any kernel optimization for multi-arch?

No. The multiarch changes only relate to the way executables and libraries are packaged and installed to the system. There is no change to the way the code is executed, nor any changes to the kernel.

In a nutshell:

Ubuntu has 64 bit and 32 bit versions. In order to run 32 bit software (the main one being Adobe Flash) on the 64 bit version of Ubuntu, you need some 32 bit support libraries.

Under the old system, all these libraries existed in 32 bit form in the 32 bit version of Ubuntu, but you could not use those packages as they would overwrite your 64 bit versions. So these 32 bit libraries had to be specially packaged for the 64 bit version, into a single package called ia32-libs. This package was huge (the source was several gigabytes) and constantly needed new libraries adding to it.

Under multiarch, you just install packages from the 32 bit and 64 bit repositories side by side, which is much simpler for everyone.


Boot Issues with Ubuntu Server 16.04 on Raspberry Pi 3

The image at the "Flavour Maker" site has unattended upgrades turned on.

One of the upgrades it automatically downloads breaks the boot process on my RPi3 model B (not "+"), so it hangs at the "Starting kernel..." phase.

If you don't turn it off, and make sure it hasn't already downloaded upgrades, the next time you install anything with apt it will install those upgrades and hose your system.

I haven't had time to figure out exactly which upgrade package is causing the failure, because I'm now in the middle of my FOURTH (bleep)ing complete re-install caused by it.

After more than a decade of using Ubuntu as my main desktop OS, and several years for headless servers and SBCs, I have to say that, if this were my first experience with it, it would put me off Ubuntu forever. Between fighting with cloud-init to set my simple static networking configuration, and having my system commit suicide because I forgot to edit an obscure config file to prevent it, it's like being back in the pre-disto 1990s.


Login crash and can't open terminal 14.04 LTS

On the Login page press ctrl+alt+f1 and use your login credentials to log into the TTY.

Then do:

sudo dpkg -r <packagename>
sudo apt-get -f install
# now check if all runs smootly
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
reboot

If this will not work you have to access the machine via the rescue options root. To do this press shift when the BIOS is done doing it's work (you ma need a couple of tries to get the timing right), there you can then choose Advanced options for Ubuntu --> <newest kernel> (recovery) there you will then be greeted by a dos like selcetion menu where you can choose to be root. there you want then to do the above procedure after having remounted your HDD to be read/write access.

# replace sdX with the actual drive name
mount -o remount,rw /dev/sdX


Installing Ubuntu on a MacBook Air 7,2 keeping MacOs recovery

Hold down the Option button as you start the Macbook with the bootable USB drive in it. Choose "EFI boot" and then "Try Ubuntu". You will see an "Install Ubuntu" icon on the desktop with which you can install to the disk partition you created under OS X. During the install procedure, choose "Something else" and make that partition Ext4, root. Click Install.

Now you can dual boot by holding down the Option key during boot.

This works fine on my Macbook Pro 11,4 with OS X High Sierra and Ubuntu 17.10.


"analog out of range 92.6kHz / 58Hz" message  - unable to boot to desktop

Prepare a live usb or use the ubuntu live cd if you have. Boot through it.

Install and Run Boot-Repair (for Installation instruction follow the link)
Click Advanced options
Go to the GRUB options tab
Tick the out-of-range option
Apply

Now reboot your system.

For slowness of drivers of nvidia, install nvidia from x-updates ppa. (I am guessing you don't have an optimus laptop)

Connect to internet,Open a terminal and issue following commands,

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get install nvidia-current


How Do I Remove Multiple Files Using The Terminal

Why not use rm ?

sudo rm path/to/file1 path/to/file2


Cannot find wireless after installation, please help

Seems like you've driver problem, but to be sure try the following:
1. Is you wireless card detected?

Run the following command in terminal(CTRL-ALT-T)

sudo lshw -C network

2. In case your card is disabled, enable it by:

sudo rfkill unblock wifi

3. If it still doesn't works, update your system(Dash > Update Manager).

This will update your driver.

4.
 Still doesn't works, search for additional driver(Dash > Additional Drivers)
   If a wifi driver is listed (Broadcom or anything else) install it.

More resources:
    https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessTroubleShootingGuide


Ubuntu server default password using Raspberry Pi image?

I found that it takes a few minutes after it boots for Ubuntu on the Pi to create the 'ubuntu' user and its password.

I searched for a solution and found this question.  The existing answer was no help.  When I went back, some text had come up on the console about cloud init and SSH keygen.  I tried again, and ubuntu:ubuntu worked!


Copying a dynamic home directory to a new drive

If it's not possible take the system offline for a few hours to just copy files without hurry, I would do something like this:

copy the old /home to the new location using the "archive" mode of cp command: cp -a /old/home /new/home. The external process may still continue to add files to the "old home".
make the changes to /etc/fstab so the "new home" is mounted on boot
reboot. On boot the "new home" will be mounted but it's possible that some recent files are missing. The system is online again and the external process start uploading files to the "new home"
use rsync to copy the missing files from the "old home" to the "new home":   rsync -av /old/home /new/home

The above scenario assumes that the external process uploads new files every few seconds but does not modify/override the any existing files.

(all shell commands from the top of my head, treat as pseudocode)


Which Ubuntu version do you use? At least on 14.04 gufw already comes with a desktop file, /usr/share/applications/gufw.desktop. These are its contents:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Firewall Configuration
Comment=An easy way to configure your firewall
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Settings;Security;X-GNOME-Settings-Panel;X-GNOME-SystemSettings;    X-Unity-Settings-Panel;X-XFCE-SettingsDialog;X-XFCE-SystemSettings;
Exec=gufw
Icon=gufw
Terminal=false
Type=Application
X-GNOME-Settings-Panel=gufw
X-Unity-Settings-Panel=gufw
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=gufw

gufw doesn't need gksudo, it asks for your password on its own. You can also start it from a terminal window and it will ask for the password.


How do I disable desktop icons? (no nautilus in gconf-editor)

gsettings set org.nemo.desktop show-desktop-icons false

Should do what you want


Configuration files for apache are found under /etc/apache2.
The default document root for apache is /var/www/html (not the /usr/var/www that you stated) and that should be created by installing the apache packages.
Please edit your question to link to the instructions that you used - it sounds like there will be follow-up questions.


Click on Something else if it doesn't recognize your Windows OS and create the partitions manually.


How do I paste text using the Mindterm Java SSH client on an Amazon EC2 Ubuntu server?

Mindterm is a browser-based, Java-applet SSH client.
Copy/paste may be available using either the Edit menu or the Ctrl+Ins (Copy) or Shift+Ins (Paste) shortcuts:

Copy/paste from your local clipboard may not be available depending on the version of Java you have installed and Mindterm's settings by Amazon
In that case, use a native SSH client such as the excellent PuTTY.

The AWS-SSH wrapper makes using PuTTY with multiple Amazon EC2 instances much more convenient. It can be downloaded as a single EXE file, no installation needed, from here


Ubuntu 16.04 + Bitnami WP AWS+ Webmin Installation Fails + E: Package [] has no installation candidate

Did you try to populate /etc/apt/sources.list ?
This is my fie for 16.04 in aws:

cat /etc/apt/sources.list | grep -v '#'

  deb http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
  restricted deb-src http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
  xenial main restricted

  deb http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates
  main restricted deb-src
  http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
  restricted

  deb http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
  deb-src http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial
  universe deb http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
  xenial-updates universe deb-src
  http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates
  universe

  deb http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
  deb-src http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial
  multiverse deb http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
  xenial-updates multiverse deb-src
  http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates
  multiverse

  deb http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports
  main restricted universe multiverse deb-src
  http://eu-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main
  restricted universe multiverse

  deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
  deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main
  restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security
  universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security
  universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security
  multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security
  multiverse

running

apt-cache madison  libnet-ssleay-perl libauthen-pam-perl libio-pty-perl apt-show-versions python

shows packages availble from selected repos

libnet-ssleay-perl | 1.72-1build1 | http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages

libauthen-pam-perl | 0.16-3build2 | http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages

libio-pty-perl | 1:1.08-1.1build1 | http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages

apt-show-versions |     0.22.7 | http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages

apt-show-versions |     0.22.7 | http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe i386 Packages

python | 2.7.12-1~16.04 | http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages

python |   2.7.11-1 | http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages

Hope this will help.
Thanks


Here an example from Qt official site (C++)

http://qt-project.org/wiki/QtSerialPort
If Visual Basic is your background you may prefer Gambas3

http://gambasdoc.org/help/comp/gb.net/serialport?v3

Gambas have similar syntax of Visual Basic(VB), and support Qt as GUI tool kit.

See http://gambasdoc.org/help/comp?v3
In Linux/BSD, Serial port is more accessible then windows. So you can even write to it from shell/terminal, or use system call from most programming languages.

Example in shell with an Android phone as modem, it may help for debugging:

Reading serial port (need to be root):

sudo su
cat /dev/ttyACM0

As you can read just few lines as needed:

head -n2 /dev/ttyACM0

Writing serial, Open other terminal tab or window:

sudo su
echo -e "AT" > /dev/ttyACM0

It shows OK on reading port window, Also you can sent hexadecimal data (use -n option to avoid sending new line at the end)

echo -e -n "\x41\x54\x0a" > /dev/ttyACM0

same as:

echo -e "\x41\x54" > /dev/ttyACM0

Shell will show undisplayed hex as small square with its value written inside it. Try this.

echo -e "\x13"


What is the best directory for script files?

$HOME/bin is probably a good place if you want to call them without directory prefix. That folder is in your path so you can run your scripts like if they were installed in /usr/bin for example.

But you can place them wherever you want, to keep your directory structure organised and optionally add those folders to PATH aswell.


It's a normal file so you can cp top create a backup

sudo cp /etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf.backup

and restore it

sudo cp /etc/mysql/my.cnf.backup  /etc/mysql/my.cnf

You may use whatever file name and path you want instead of /etc/mysql/my.cnf.backup


Issues with Ubuntu 20.04 on HP ProBook 4530s

After some more looking around I've found a solution, might not be the best one but it's better than before, by changing the BIOS' settings switchable graphics to integrated graphics and then a fresh re-install of Ubuntu, just in case.
Now it boots correctly and graphics seem to be working properly, although it might only be using Intel's integrated graphics card, so it might not be performing at its maximum.
If someone else has had a similar problem and has managed to make both AMD Radeon HD 6470M and Intel integrated graphics card work, let me know!


Your script might benefit from some modifications (see below updated version of the script).

Q: why the 'debug rospackage find' is displayed within echo statement of the final echo statement and not within its own line.

A: The output of the following line:

echo 'debug rosbash first $pkgdir', $pkgdir

Will be:

The text "debug rosbash first $pkgdir" followed by the result of the command in $pkgdir which is the command _ros_package_find

In the below example you can see that the tempvar variable holds the result of running the ls command, when running echo "debug debug", $tempvar - you will get one line of result:

$ ls
123  234  345
$ tempvar=$(ls)
$ echo "debug debug", $tempvar
debug debug, 123 234 345

When running two echo commands e.g. below - you'll get two lines of output:

$ echo "debug debug"; echo $tempvar
debug debug
123 234 345

Modified version of your script:

#!/bin/bash
pkgdir=$(_ros_package_find "$1")
echo "debug rosbash first $pkgdir", "$pkgdir"

function _ros_package_find {
    echo 'debug rospackage find', "$1"
    local loc
    loc=$(export ROS_CACHE_TIMEOUT=-1.0 && rospack find "$1" 2> /dev/null)
    echo 'loc', $?
    if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
        return 1
    fi
    echo "$loc"
    return 0
}


Please try to downgrade Thunderbid:
sudo snap refresh thunderbird --channel=stable


You need to install the 32bit version of Ubuntu.


What is the difference between `VAR=...` and `export VAR=...`?

The 1st one sets the value to the variable. For instance you can do

echo $MAVEN_OPTS

and have it return the value but if you would issue that outside your shell you will have an empty string returned.

In comes export.

Export is an instruction to the shell. It tells the shell to make this environment variable available to other programs. Without the export, they are only available within the shell itself.

If you want the variable to be permanently available ssh reads ~/.ssh/environment,ssh2 reads /etc/environment and ~/.ssh2/environment, and adds lines of the format VARNAME=value to the environment. From the ssh man page.


How to install driver for TP-Link TL-WN722N on Ubuntu 14.04?

Part One

Open a terminal and run the following commands:

First, you will need to install a few applications to build and compile from source:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
apt-get install gcc build-essential linux-headers-generic linux-headers-`uname -r`

Save any unsaved work and reboot. When you sign back in, open a terminal.

Part Two

Download the needed file:

wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/backports/stable/v4.4.2/backports-4.4.2-1.tar.gz

Now, unzip the tar.gz file:

tar xvfz backports-4.4.2-1.tar.gz

Then, c hange your d irectory to the uncompressed file:

cd backports-4.4.2-1

Because there is a Makefile, we will be using the make command. First, clean the build area by typing this command:

sudo make clean

Then, use this command to build and compile:

sudo make

You should receive an error and some instructions. Following these instructions to specify the driver you want to build and install by running the following command:

sudo make defconfig-ath9k

Now, run make again:

sudo make

This time you should receive no errors. This may take some time to finish. When it is done, install the driver with the following command:

sudo make install

You will see some messages saying something about a key. These errors can safely be ignored and should not impact the overall outcome.

Part Three

Now, run these two commands in an open terminal to load the driver modules at boot time.

echo "ath9k" | sudo tee -a /etc/modules

echo "ath9k_htc" | sudo tee -a /etc/modules

For the next command, I will use gedit as the text editor but you can use nano, leafpad, kate, mousepad or any text editor.

sudo gedit /etc/rc.local

Now, we need to insert the following two lines before "exit 0" so the last four lines of the file should look exactly like this:

# Declare TP-WN727N USB ID to ath9k_htc module
echo "148F 7601" | tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/ath9k_htc/new_id

exit 0

Click on save before exiting out of gedit.

Part Four

Finally, the script mentions something about updating your initramfs. It might not be needed but these are kernel modules so that's what we will do by running the following command:

sudo update-initramfs -k all -u

and don't forget to update grub when you are done:

sudo update-grub

Save any unsaved work, leave the device plugged in and reboot for these changes to take effect.


How can I disable gnome-panel's context menu?

You can do it manually by using ~/.gconf/apps/panel/. Run this command:

mkdir ~/gnomepanelbackup ; mv ~/.gconf/apps/panel ~/gnomepanelbackup

Then run:

killall gnome-panel

After running these commands you will have backup of gnome-panel settings in /gnomepanelbackup in your home directory.


I cant remove packages and shows E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution)

You can completely remove codeblocks and it's dependencies by running the below command on terminal
sudo apt purge codeblocks
sudo apt autoremove codeblocks


configure Logitech Trackman Marble on ubuntu 20.10

The following link is more Ubuntu specific for the Logitech Trackman Marble.  Hope this helps.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Logitech_Marblemouse_USB


How to get nvidia driver installed on 13.10

Install throught "Additional drivers" or try this

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-331

If it won't work, enter virtual console CTRL + ALT + F1 give login and password when asked, go to location where you downloaded latest NVidia drivers and:

sudo service lightdm stop
sudo chmod a+x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-331.20.run
sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-331.20.run
sudo reboot


In your [service] section add this line:

TimeoutSec=infinity

For more reading: How to change systemd service timeout value?

That said you are intentionally putting 60 second delay into your startup and perhaps there is a better way...


In newer Ubuntu releases the Opus codec is included in the libavcodec libraries that will be installed with ffmpeg. Audio encoding is then done with
ffmpeg -i infile.ext <options> outfile.opus

The audio converter shipped with the opus-tools can convert audio in raw, wave or AIFF format. The minimal syntax uses default settings:
opusenc input.wav output.opus

We may want to add a better bitrate as the default 96 kbps with the option --bitrate N.nnn (for all options consult the manpage for opusenc).
To convert mp3 "on the fly". i.e. without creating a temporary file we can pipe the output from ffmpeg to opusenc like this:
ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -f wav - | opusenc --bitrate 256 - output.opus


Changed ISP to DSL and now certain websites won't load (Xubuntu 16.10)

I solved this issue by setting my MTU value down to 1300.  I tried using 1492 (the value my ISP gave) previously, but that didn't work.  I read a few posts suggesting to go down to 1300, and now all sites seem to load.


You don’t need the PM because there is no 23:17am

Its a 24hr clock so just write it in 24hr format you cannot go wrong.

stephenm@mcr:~$ sudo at 6:00 tomorrow
[sudo] password for stephenm:
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh
at> reboot
at> <ctrl+d>
job 4 at Sun Sep 22 06:00:00 2013


How to access shared network files in Ubuntu Touch?

The Ubuntu Touch File Manager now has built in Samba support, just click "Network" under "Places". A little bit slow and sometimes buggy, but a big step forward... For tranfering large files I have to keep the screen active.


How can I debug frequent unrecoverable freezes?

Disable intel_cstates (power saving states meant to reduce CPU waste heat and power usage) by editing /etc/default/grub:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Find the line containing GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Add intel_idle.max_cstate=1 directly following splash.

Alternatively, if your BIOS supports doing so, disable said C-states from there.

Note: this is not a long-term fix. Disabling C-states heavily increases power-draw and waste heat. Only try this if there are no other solutions and updating your kernel does not solve anything!


Ubuntu 15.04 RTL8188EE Slow/Unreliable Wifi

You can install a driver from my ppa. It should build.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtlwifi-new-dkms linux-firmware

and reboot.


If you're installing Debian packages (*.deb), this won't result in unmet depencencies. APT does the same: It downloads the deb file from the Ubuntu archives (or other PPAs) and installs them. The difference is: APT resolves unmet dependencies automatically. If you got unmet dependencies after installing a deb file, run apt-get install -f. This will try to resolve all unmet dependencies for you.

Installation by script usually keeps its fingers from APT or deb files, mostly it just copies the downloaded files to the destination directory (and compiles them previously if needed)

So either way: Fix unmet dependencies with apt-get install -f


Booting into Windows after 14.04 Install (dualboot)

Frankly, I would use EasyBCD. It provides a pretty simple, handy gui and it makes configuring your bootloader a snap...

Good luck, hope it helps.


last | cut -d' ' -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn

It'll output something like:

189 user1
 73 user2
    ...
  7 reboot
    ...
  1 wtmp
  1

When the username column contain 'reboot' it means system reboot, not a login.
When the username column contain wtmp or it's empty it's also not a login.


Why isn't 'java Class' working like normal from the current directory?

You need to compile your Java source code with javac Test.java which makes a new file named Test.class before you run it. Otherwise you will get this error message: Error: Could not find or load main class Test as shown below. If you run these commands one at a time, it will show you which command gives unexpected results.

$ cat Test.java
class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Test complete!");
    }
}
$ java Test
Error: Could not find or load main class Test
$ javac Test.java
$ ls
Test.class  Test.java
$ java Test
Test complete!
$ java -cp ~/Desktop/ Test # test using classpath
Test complete!

As you can see, the last command has the directory containing the Test executable file after the -cp classpath option, not the Test file itself as you wrote in your question.


How can I install IDL 8.4 from .pkg installation file on Ubuntu?

That's an Apple package.  If you're dual booting OSX and Ubuntu, install it under OSX.

If not, you've downloaded the wrong package.  Download the one for LINUX, not Mac OSX.


Dual boot XP and ubuntu, (XP installed first)

/dev/sda1 is a primary partition.

/dev/sda2 is an extended partition, think 'container' and is 172 gig TOTAL, made up of sda5 thru 9.

And yes, that is mounting.

Hope that helps.


I'm having the same problem with Ubuntu 18.04 LTS I've tried the kernel 5.3.28 in Grub (Advanced options to Ubuntu) and the sound works. The problem is in kernel 5.3.42.


Ubuntu 12.04 does not boot after installation appears to succeed

If you installed Ubuntu by itself (so it's the only OS on the PC), or alongside another OS by booting from a live CD/DVD or USB flash drive, and you get an "Operating System Not Loaded" error when you try to boot up, reinstall Ubuntu's GRUB2 boot loader to the Master Boot Record. (This is sometimes caused by it not being correctly installed by Ubuntu's installer.) You can use any of the methods on these pages:

How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?)
(This applies even though your problem was not caused by a recent installation of Windows.)
GRUB2/Installing, Reinstalling GRUB 2, Fixing a Broken System

If you installed Ubuntu inside Windows with Wubi, then you should not use those techniques--in that case, the problem is most likely that the Windows boot loader is not booting Ubuntu. In that case, you'll have to let us know you used Wubi, and provide more information (any other errors? does the error occur before or after you select Ubuntu in the boot menu? does Windows still boot?).

I'm guessing you installed Ubuntu as a standalone system (not in Wubi) since you said you installed it "through CD." But you can also install Wubi by running wubi.exe on an Ubuntu desktop CD, so I don't know this for sure.


why does my windows always changes time? (dual os)

It's not an unknown issue. The "issue" stems from the fact that Linux uses "UTC" (Grenwich Mean Time or GMT, also referred to as Zulu) whereas Windows uses your local time to set the system master time.

You can fix this from Windows or Linux based on these instructions at webupd8.

From Windows, first create WindowsTimeFixUTC.reg and apply it by double clicking it:

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation]
     "RealTimeIsUniversal"=dword:00000001

And then from a Command Prompt as Administrator:

>sc config w32time start= disabled


It's called "Ubiquity".

You can find the source code on the Launchpad project page or download the release used in your Ubuntu version using

apt-get source ubiquity


PC boots into GRUB console after Windows update

Windows 10 Anniversary Update, and the more recent Windows 10 Creators Update, have a really bad habit of wiping out Linux partitions on MBR disks. Microsoft has known about this bug for quite some time, but has chosen not to fix it. Sounds like you're a victim.

Recovery is possible, but it can be tricky.

Boot to the Ubuntu Live DVD/USB.

Open Software & Updates and make sure that all of your software repositories (except proposed) are enabled.

In terminal...

sudo apt-get update           # update the software database
sudo apt-get install testdisk # install testdisk
man testdisk                  # read the manual
sudo testdisk                 # start testdisk

You can also get specific instructions here: http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Step_By_Step

Note: after recovery, strongly consider changing your MBR formatted disk to GPT format, so future MS updates won't wipe it again.


How to force a password request when using apt-get install?

sudo caches your elevated privilege for about 15 minutes  (sudo, sudoedit - execute a command as another user | Ubuntu Manpage) It's likely you didn't get asked for a password because you'd already entered it within that time. You can change the default by editing /etc/sudoers by typing sudo visudo eg:

Defaults:user637251 timestamp_timeout=30

see:
Change sudo default password timeout | ScottLinux Blog


Failed To Install Ubuntu 18.04 or 20.04 Alongside Windows

@Tatsat Dave, before installation of Ubuntu alongside Windows 1.) go into BIOS and check that 'UEFI' or 'UEFI Boot' is turned off and instead of UEFI switch (turn, select) on 'Legacy devices' (or 'Legacy installation' or something similar, exact names may be a little bit diffrent in different BIOS versions); and then 2.) go into Windows and disable 'fast boot' feature.


Set of packages needed to satisfy cmake dependency:

sudo apt install cmake rpm valac libwnck-3-dev libxfce4panel-2.0-dev libxfconf-0-dev libpeas-dev libgtk2.0-dev libxfce4util-dev libdbusmenu-glib-dev bamfdaemon unity-gtk-module-common unity-gtk2-module unity-gtk3-module appmenu-qt

The only packages not fulfilled are libmatepanelapplet-4.0, vala-panel, and budgie-1.0, since they are not required for XFCE DE.
Jayatana support also disabled since it spewed this error:

[  2%] Building Java objects for jayatana-java.jar
[  4%] Generating CMakeFiles/jayatana-java.dir/java_class_filelist
[  7%] Creating Java archive jayatana.jar
[  7%] Built target jayatana-java
Scanning dependencies of target java-headers
[  9%] Building C header files from classes...
[  9%] Built target java-headers
Scanning dependencies of target jayatana
[ 12%] Building C object jayatana/lib/CMakeFiles/jayatana.dir/com_jarego_jayatana_basic_GlobalMenu.c.o
In file included from /PATH/TO/FILE/vala-panel-appmenu/jayatana/lib/com_jarego_jayatana_basic_GlobalMenu.c:29:0:
/PATH/TO/FILE/vala-panel-appmenu/build/jayatana/lib/../java/com_jarego_jayatana_basic_GlobalMenu.h:2:17: fatal error: jni.h: There is no such file or directory
compilation terminated.
jayatana/lib/CMakeFiles/jayatana.dir/build.make:62: recipe for target 'jayatana/lib/CMakeFiles/jayatana.dir/com_jarego_jayatana_basic_GlobalMenu.c.o' failed
make[2]: *** [jayatana/lib/CMakeFiles/jayatana.dir/com_jarego_jayatana_basic_GlobalMenu.c.o] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:382: recipe for target 'jayatana/lib/CMakeFiles/jayatana.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [jayatana/lib/CMakeFiles/jayatana.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:160: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

Flags used are:

vala-panel-appmenu/build$ cmake -DENABLE_XFCE=ON -DENABLE_JAYATANA=OFF -DMAKE_BOLD_APPNAME=ON -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr ..


Cannot locate file from parent directory(s)

Your running that command the wrong way, this:

find ./pkgconfig cairo.pc

should have been:

find ./pkgconfig -name cairo.pc

In your case your asking find to search in two paths ./pkgconfig and cairo.pc(which is a file not a directory). If you had done:

find ./pkgconfig ./another_folder -name cairo.pc

It would find cairo.pc in those two locations, but in your case your searching in just pkgconfig folder so find ./pkgconfig -name cairo.pc is the right command to use.

Please see man find for how to use the find command and here for more explanations.


How to add Skype to the Ubuntu
  Messaging Menu:

  Install Skype : http://www.skype.com/intl/en-us/get-skype/on-your-computer/linux/
  Download and install the .deb package @ http://ubuntuone.com/p/nl1/
  Run the commands below in a Terminal to place a shortcut to Skype
  in the Messaging even when its not
  running (just like ‘Chat’ or
  ‘Broadcast’):

  mkdir -p ~/.config/indicators/messages/applications/ && cp /usr/share/skype-wrapper/skype ~/.config/indicators/messages/applications/skype

  Remove Skype from the systray
  whitelist by entering the following
  command into a Terminal or Alt-F2
  dialog: –

  gsettings set
  com.canonical.Unity.Panel
  systray-whitelist
  &quot;['JavaEmbeddedFrame', 'Mumble',
  'Wine', 'hp-systray']

  Log out/Log in Click the Messaging
  Menu icon, Click Skype. You will be
  promoted to ‘allow’ permission  for
  the menu entry to work as intended.

Source: OMG! Ubuntu!