Install an old version of Ubuntu, say, 11.04 over my current 11.10?

I don't know about install "in" unless you use a virtual machine. You can install "over" by getting a 11.04 CD and installing like you did 11.10.
You don't happen to have a separate /home partition do you?
 Either way it seems like backing up your data and doing a fresh install is what you're looking for.  If you're fortunate enough to have a separate /home partition, when you install select the "manual" or "something else" (no really, that's what it's called in 11.10). Then Highlight the partition you want as root (/), set the mount point to /. Then select the partition you want to use for /home, and set it as /home.
 This will let you keep your personal data, while installing the new OS.
 If you don't have a separate /home partition do a standard install and consider making one with gparted.


Localhost printer stuck at "Rendering Completed"

This happened once when I launched the print job before the printer was powered on.

Using Maintenance > Resume printer from the cups Printers page did launch the print job successfully.


error: Failed to create /var/spool/cups/tmp/.hplip

This is the solution that worked for me:

Reinstall hplip:

sudo apt remove hplip
sudo apt install hplip

Reinstall the printer from the command line (not from the Printers GUI):

hp-setup -i
n (=network printer)
d (=download driver)

Remove the old printer from the Printers GUI.


How to tail output of program started from crontab that prints to stdout?

You can redirect the output to a file and then read it with tail.

#!/bin/bash
while ( true ){
    echo 'hello' >> $HOME/tmp/log
    sleep 10
}

Now you can view the output with tail.

tail -f $HOME/tmp/log


Changed to using Mint cinnamon 19.2 with no problems and a simpler user experience for guests. Sorry to leave ubuntu.
During the upgrade from my existing mint 19.1 to 19.2 I noticed a comment that ubuntu 18.04 doesn't handle samba very well with recommended mods to smb.conf. I might try these and see if ubuntu then works.
bye bye ubuntu, yes I know mint is ubuntu revamped.


How to install latest version of tomcat on ubuntu using apt?

If you want latest version,which is not available on ubuntu repos, there are following alternate ways of getting it.

manual download from website
download from unofficial repositories.
download and build latest source code.
download from other linux repository and convert using alien.

Now as you don't want to install manually,lets speak about other methods.

download from unofficial repositories.

once you find the repository you need,open a terminal and type.

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:(Your ppa here)
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install tomcat

NOTE:-

you will first have to temporarily block the repo which contains older version of tomcat,or they will interfere.you can do this by

  sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:(Your ppa here)

and dont forget to add it back, once you are done.

download and build

this link provides the source code.for building and installing software read software documentation/forums and compile easy how to

download from other source

download package using website or any other place.then use alien to convert package.read alien man pagesfor help on using alien.


Measure amount of traffic in Ubuntu in GBs?

You can use System monitor to see the traffic used in a single session. Use gnome-system-monitor to open it in a terminal.

You a totalistic view of usage, you can use ipac-ng. Install it with the command

sudo apt-get install ipac-ng

Here is a good guide about usage of this software.

Alternatively, You can also use vnstat. Install it wit the command:

sudo apt-get install vnstat

To start vnstat cron job, you would use this simple command:

sudo vnstat -u -i eth0

Replace eth0 with the actual interface for you. It is eth1 for me. This job will run every five minutes measure and update the usage data. At any given time you can use vnstat command to see the usage.

A good guide about using vnstat is here. You can also check Ubuntu manual
 page for vnstat


Nope, they should work just fine as wireless keyboard and mice problems in Ubuntu are quite rare. Try a wubi ubuntu install and find out if they work, the only way to know is to test them.


Is there a download manager for all videos?

Yes, try Xtream download manager and install the browser plugin, it will automatically detect any downloadable video from the webpage.


`install-grub` claims that I have multiple partiton labels and that embedding is impossible

Nuke the gap between the boot sector and the first partition.

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX seek=1 count=2047

That's for if the first partition starts at sector 2048. Some start earlier, especially on drives that were partitioned by Windows. To be sure, run

# fdisk -l /dev/sdX

before starting and check to see where the first partition starts. Use count=S-1, where S is the start of the first partition.


How to chmod files that have a specific set of permissions

find /path/to/folder -perm 640 -exec chmod 666 {} \;


how to launch grub menu for ubuntu guests in virtualbox?

Hold the shift key as the VM boots.

If that fails, boot a desktop iso, mount the root partition at /mnt, and manually edit what you need or make an update in a chroot.


Should I always use the terminal for a portable program?

You can just right click on the sidebar icon after sqlitestudio is launched and select 'pin' or 'add to favorites'.


Installing BitNami Redmine Stack

Regardless of which operating system you are running (Windows / Linux / Mac), the install process is the same.

Download the latest version of Redmine Stack from the BitNami website.

Find the installer you just downloaded (the filename will be similar to bitnami-Redmine-VERSION-linux-installer.run). Double click on the icon to launch the installer.

Note: If you are using Linux you will have to give executable permissions to the file first, using this command in a terminal:

chmod +x /path/to/bitnami-redmine-VERSION-linux-installer.run

Reference

Removing old packages or installs may depend on how you originally installed Redmine. You can try

sudo apt-get autoremove


How do we know that a directory is apache writable?

Apache, is a program running in the background. Apache is originally started by user root (also called root-process). This root-process launches several child processes which handle the client requests. For security reasons, the child processes are not run by user root but as a user with minimal privileges. Usually this user is named apache or www-data.

To find out what user this is for apache v1:

ps -ef | grep httpd | grep -v grep

or for apache v2:

ps -ef | grep apache | grep -v grep

Result for apache 2 will be something like this:

root      5001     1  0 07:21 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data  5021  5001  0 07:21 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data  5022  5001  0 07:21 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data  5023  5001  0 07:21 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

In this case the user/group is www-data

So, in order to make a directory writable by the webserver we have to set the directory’s owner or group to Apache’s owner or group and enable the write permission for it. Usually, we set the directory to belong to the Apache group (apache or `www-data or whatever user is used to launch the child processes) and enable the write permission for the group.

chgrp www-data /path/to/mydir
chmod g+w /path/to/mydir

(www-data is the name you found with the ps command above).

Regarding:

  2) I've also been told to make the app/runtime directory web-writable. Is this the same as apache writable ?

Yes, this is a directory you need to set writable to the group Apache expects. Probably this will be somewhere in /var/www/ or it is set as a virtual host in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ and/or /etc/apache2/sites-available


Changing permissions in fstab in order to allow writing in Windows NTFS partition

You can specify owner of the partition using uid and gid options:

/dev/sdb1 /media/sdb1  ntfs rw,noauto,users,uid=1000,gid=1000,permissions 0 2

Note that uid and gid values are numeric. If you are not the only user of the box you can discover those values by id command.


You can try a similar script:

while true
do
    fileName=$(inotifywait -r -e create ~/Documents/Process | sed -r 's/^.*CREATE(,ISDIR)*\s+(.*)$/\2/g')
    zenity --warning --text="You have a new file/folder named $fileName"
done

The fileName variable holds the extracted file name that inotifywait detects and outputs. (It is filtered from the output by using a sed command.)

Then the $fileName is displayed by zenity using the --text= switch.

These two lines run in an endless loop to enable detection of other creation events. Use CTRL + C to abort the watch.


It looks like you are trying to invent new Pandoc.
Instead:

Install Pandoc:

sudo apt-get install pandoc

Create input file:

$ cat << EOF > file.md
**This is bold text**
*This is italicized text*
EOF

Run conversion from Markdown to LaTeX:

pandoc file.md -o file.tex

Enjoy the result:

$ cat file.tex
\textbf{This is bold text} \emph{This is italicized text}


The quoting in the script is wrong. The expression in the line

if [ "$NORDSTAT1 = 'You are not connected to NordVPN.'" ]; then

is one complete string that gets interpolated (variable resolved) to

if [ "You are not connected to NordVPN. = 'You are not connected to NordVPN.'" ]; then

This simply checks whether that string is non-empty. You want

if [ "$NORDSTAT1" = "You are not connected to NordVPN." ]; then

instead to test for equality of the two strings.

The test could also be rewritten with grep -q. It tests for the existence
of a pattern without printing. Instead, the result can be determined from
grep's returncode (which is 0 for found and !=0 for not found).
In that case the test must changed a bit:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

if nordvpn status | grep -q "not connected"; then
    echo "Not Connected"  # the string "not connected" is contained in the output
else
    echo "Connected"      # ... is not contained
fi

I think it's just a matter of taste in this case, though.


Increase the size of address bar and tabs bar in Google Chrome: screen res. 1920×1080, 15" LCD screen

@Apoorv Pontis answer does scale fonts, but at best it's a hack. It is equivalent to lowering your display resolution by the same factor (although it allows more finer increments).

Using a 4k display (3840px wide) and starting with font scale of 1.0. Go into Chrome developer tools and select the  element of the page. It will measure 3840px wide. Now using Gnome tweaks, change font scaling to 2.0. Again use Chrome developer tools and select the  element. You will see it is now about 1920px wide with some round off error in scaling.

This not only scales the fonts but the entire content of the browser by a factor of 2.0. Using other things, you will see you effectively downgraded your 4K display to HD 1920 x 1080 for your entire desktop.

From what I have seen from Arch Linux wiki, looks like this uses something similar to what xrandr does.

For everything, but Chrome its better to adjust font sizes than using this font scaling feature. If you use a shell theme, you can also adjust font size of the shell font for the top bar. Do that by editing the appropriate .CSS file for the theme.

It appears the only way to fix Chromes address bar is to dig into the source code. Everything else obeys font size but that. It appears to be fixed tiny for some reason.


Can we sneak into informations of RAM allocation

In my knowledge, there is no way to check specific applications' permanently dedicated ram, however using system monitor or htop, you can check ram usage, and set priorities.

The install of htop is basic and much like any other, just sudo apt-get install htop, or use any package manager to install.

Then either run htop to view tasks on just your user account, and files on user accounts you have shared access to, or use sudo htop to view all running process on your machine.

As far as I know, the way Ubuntu allocates memory to a process is storing it in a file somewhere in the installation, as a priority, rather than an integer itself. If the program itself allocates "X amount of RAM," it will be sent as a specialized request to the system.

Imagine, however, that you have two programs running, both wanting to allocate, let's say 12 GB of RAM. If you have 16 GB, this cannot be done (obviously,) so the higher priority program will take the 12 GB. If both are of equal priority, the memory will be split between, leaving a fair bit out for system processes.

The System Monitor can also be used to set priority:

Hope this helps!


Resize/rotate image from Nemo (Ubuntu 18.10)

so your link has this :

from the same website : https://www.ubuntuupdates.org/ppa/mint_main :

sudo apt-get install linuxmint-keyring
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.linuxmint.com/ tara main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mint.list'
sudo apt update

run the .deb again or

sudo apt install nemo-image-converter


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and Virtualbox prerequisites

To check qt version:

qmake --version

If it spouts qmake: could not exec '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt4/bin/qmake': No such file or directory error, please install:

sudo apt install qt4-qmake

The sdl libraries package is called libsdl and is not sdl, the website even mention this.

  SDL 1.2.7 or later. This graphics library is typically called libsdl or similar.

If you installing VirtualBox from Oracle repositories—yes you will also install SDL and qt, you can check this from:

apt-cache depends virtualbox-6.0


Gnome Panel becomes fully transparent when window is not maximised!

the behavior in your question is from the user-shell theme.

you should look for the below values in a style sheet that you are using as a user-shell theme.

#panel -->> when no window is maximized.
#panel.solid  -->> when a window is maximized.

in below example I took /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css file in my Ubuntu 18.04

at line number 658

/* TOP BAR */
#panel {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  /* transition from solid to transparent */
  transition-duration: 500ms;
  font-weight: bold;
  height: 1.86em; }

and at line number 1950

/* panel color */
#panel.solid {
  background-gradient-direction: vertical;
  background-gradient-start: #58554d;
  background-gradient-end: #3f3e39;
  text-shadow: 0px 0px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
}

Changed to

/* TOP BAR */
#panel {
  background-color: green;
  /* transition from solid to transparent */
  transition-duration: 500ms;
  font-weight: bold;
  height: 1.86em; }

and

/* panel color */
#panel.solid {
  background-gradient-direction: vertical;
  background-gradient-start: blue;
  background-gradient-end: blue;
  text-shadow: 0px 0px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
}

since i have changed the colors to green and blue in above. I should see top bar as Green color when no window is maximized. and Blue color when a window is maximized.

here are some screenshots.


What package is responsible for modem (not) working and how do I downgrade it after a broken update?

ok If you feel like due to updates its broken , then you can restore it to its born. Depending upon your arch of PC download the proper package of network-manager from here Ubuntu-package

Then install with sudo dpkg -i filename.deband say yes to install.


In case someone else has this problem, here's how I solved it, there's probably a lot of other ways and if someone has a better one, please let me know.

Cron was not running the script in the correct environment, so it could run the script but it was looking in the wrong directory for the attachments.  It couldn't find them.  What I did was write a shell script like this:

#!/bin/bash
cd /path/to/directory
python file.py

This allows the environment to change to the directory that I want to work in.  Now that attachments are found since the script and the attachments are in the same directory.

I changed the Cron job to run the shell script:

30 01 * * * /path/to/script/./script.sh

I'm not sure if this is just a work around or an actual solution, but it works and that good for me!


Writing a bare-bones indicator is simple.  My indicator-fortune here will give you a first step into writing a Python 3 (and GTK+ 3) indicator.  There's a multitude of indicators listed which will give you other examples.

The hard part is figuring out how to connect to taskwarrior - does it have an API or some way to send/receive information which is accessed via your indicator?  Would you instead parse it's config/data files (it that's what it uses)?

Your first step might be (after getting the vanilla indicator running) to simply display information from taskwarrior, so the indicator is read-only.  After that you might then push your luck and see if you can send data back from the indicator.


Where has Baldur's Gate II GOG version been installed to?

While I have no idea where the files would be exactly, I suggest searching for them. It is reasonable to assume, that the any folder containing the files would contain baldur. So you can open a terminal and execute

find . -iname "*baldur*"

To try and locate those folders/files. Or if you know a more specific filename you can search for that


Ubuntu 14.04 log in fails and returns to log in screen, and runs in a very low resolution

For anyone else who has this issue (low resolution and login loop after update on Ubuntu 14.04) I've just encountered it on my machine... It has a nvidia graphics card too (GTX 750ti) which seems to be the source of the problem. I booted in safe graphics mode and selected the option "drop to root shell prompt". From here I logged in and then reinstalled the nvidia driver, which for me was conveniently still in Downloads.

sudo nvidia-xconfig
cd ~/Downloads
sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-352.55.run

I followed the install prompts (saying continue/OK to everything!) and then rebooted. Now everything is back to normal again :)

I've not tested this, but if you don't have the appropriate nvidia driver you could find it on the nvidia website: http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us

And then retive it using wget:

wget "http://uk.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/352.55/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-352.55.run"


Can I find duplicate songs with different names?

there are discussions on this matter on community.metabrainz.org going on (see https://community.metabrainz.org/t/how-can-i-remove-all-of-my-duplicate-music/20495/8 for example).

additionally a wiki page on wiki.musicbrainz.org is showing an example on how you could find some duplicates:

https://wiki.musicbrainz.org/History:Find_Duplicate_Music_Files

This wiki boils down to get the deprectated libtunepimp (https://wiki.musicbrainz.org/History:libtunepimp/Download), install it and use the included trm util in the following script:

find / -regex '.*\(ogg\|mp3\|wav\)' -exec trm '{}' ';' -print0
   | tr '\n\000' ' \n'
   | sort
   | uniq -c -W1
   | grep -v -e '^ *1'
   | cut -b9-44
   | xargs -iXX -n1 grep XX /tmp/trms.log
 > /tmp/trmdupls.log

in /tmp/trmdupls.log should be a list of all those duplicates. You should make sure there are no false positives in there before deleting all those files blindly.


Ubuntu 14.04 gedit error cannot open display

You do not have to use gedit. Since you are on a server system, likely with only a terminal console available, you will need to either use X11 forwarding with ssh, or a terminal based editor.

To edit the file under sudo, just use sudo nano rather than gksudo. If you wish to forward your display, you can use ssh -X and then gksudo and gedit will work, but be somewhat slow, depending on your connection to the server.


The latest releases of Ghostscript can do this too. Just add the parameter -dFILTERIMAGE to your command.

The are even two more new parameters which can be added in order to selectively remove content types "vector" and "text":

-dFILTERIMAGE: produces an output where all raster images are removed.
-dFILTERTEXT: produces an output where all text elements are removed.
-dFILTERVECTOR: produces an output where all vector drawings are removed.

Any two of these options can be combined. (If you combine all 3, you'll get all pages getting blanked...)

Examples

Here is the screenshot from an example PDF page which contains all 3 types of content mentioned above:

Screenshot of original PDF page containing "image", "vector" and "text" elements.

Running the following 6 commands will create all 6 possible variations of remaining contents:

 gs -o noIMG.pdf   -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dFILTERIMAGE                input.pdf
 gs -o noTXT.pdf   -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dFILTERTEXT                 input.pdf
 gs -o noVCT.pdf   -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dFILTERVECTOR               input.pdf

 gs -o onlyIMG.pdf -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dFILTERVECTOR -dFILTERTEXT  input.pdf
 gs -o onlyTXT.pdf -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dFILTERVECTOR -dFILTERIMAGE input.pdf
 gs -o onlyVCT.pdf -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dFILTERIMAGE  -dFILTERTEXT  input.pdf

The following image illustrates the results:

Top row, from left: all "text" removed; all "images" removed; all "vectors" removed. Bottom row, from left: only "text" kept; only "images" kept; only "vectors" kept.


I have found the reason of the problem. My home.mount service had been failing. So I run systemctl start home.mount and after that my ldap account has .Xauthority file which will give me permissions to run X server.
If you have a similar problem run systemctl and check if something is unusual.


Why don't you use grep which is the right tool for your case? Here is an example to list the files which starts with 14_90 2275:

grep '^14_90 2275' filename

If you still want to use sed, than the right command is:

sed -n '/^14_90 2275/p' filename

If the white spaces are tabs, then you should use:

grep $'^14_90\t2275' filename

respectively:

sed -n '/^14_90\t2275/p' filename

Or better:

grep $'^14_90\s2275' filename

respectively:

sed -n '/^14_90\s2275/p' filename

to match any whitespace characters (space, tab etc.).


Launching a script when someone opens a file through the gui

This is possible to do.

You will need to watch the file system using inotify-tools to check for events (such as files being opened) and then handle them as required (such as running a shell script).

You will need to know about incron too.

There are some examples on the incron site, something like this may be a starting point for you:

  Example: You need to run program abc with the full file path as an
  argument every time a file is changed in /var/mail. One of the
  solutions follows:

  /var/mail IN_CLOSE_WRITE abc $@/$#


How to fix windows bootloader after grub install?

Try to repair the boot with this: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


Dual boot Installation of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on HP Ultrabook ENVY-4 1002TX

I have exactly the same problem with a new HP ENVY-4. I have tried all the suggested 'cures' above.

Shrunk Windows using built in Windows "shrink".  This freed up 226 GB.
Ran sudo gparted with a LIVE boot of Ubuntu 12.04 to partition the free
disk space into extended partition and then partitions for system, swap and /home
The Ubuntu installer does NOT SEE ANY DISK DRIVE except the USB one it is running from. While 'gparted' sees the drive fine.

The original HP partitioning is (roughly)

 4 Gb 'system'   partition
 400 Gb 'OS'       partition
 100 Gb 'recovery' partition
  ?? Gb 'backup' ? partition

My 'best guess' is that for some (unknown?!) reason HP has set up the laptop disk and controller using "FakeRaid" - which makes no sense to me since there isn't a duplicate disk with 500 GB to "mirror" the hard drive to.

I found this community reference for installing Ubuntu to a "fake raid" device but note that it doesn't cover Ubuntu 12.04  AND  the instructions seem really complicated  AS WELL AS being different for every version of system referred to (as well as hardware setup?):

http://help.ubuntu.com/community/FakeRaidHowto

In short I tried digging into this but quickly was over my head and caused my computer to jump into RESTORE mode - which (in an hour or so) returned it to the "store bought" configuration.

I don't understand why the manufacturer created this mess to start with.

I don't understand why, since GParted can understand the hardware, partition it, etc. that (by now !!) the installer hasn't had this capability added to it.

OK, there is a lot I don't understand.  Among them is how to follow the community instructions to successfully install Ubuntu 12.04 on my new laptop.

I miss my old Sony, on which comfortably ran Ubuntu for many years.  I thought problems like this were behind Linux as the community has grown and large corporations have begun adding support for Linux.  I guess I was wrong about this too.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:

I was, eventually, able to successfully install Ubuntu on my HP Envy-4, but in the process of getting there (rebuilding Windows 7 several times) I had damaged Win7 RECOVERY partition - so it is not dual-boot with Win7, but it is dual-boot with other Linux distributions.

I documented this (last) process in a .pdf which I put up on Dropbox for access.

Hopefully it will provide some information that will help for others who are dealing with the challenge of installing Ubuntu on the Envy-4 ultrabook.

(How to) Install Ubuntu on HP Envy 4 Ultrabook [PDF]


Try running unity --reset, and logging out and logging in. Ensure that Wobbly Windows is still enabled.


Ubuntu not appearing in GRUB menu after installing alonside Mint

Try this in a terminal

sudo update-grub

Then reebot and see if it appears in the grub menu.


"GPG error:The following signatures were invalid: KEYEXPIRED"

I don't get the answers above, my system clock was fine.
The following worked for me:

sudo apt-key list | grep "expired: "
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys [KEY]

The key being the the part behind the slash: 0000X/<this part is the key>

Or use this one liner:

sudo apt-key list  | grep "expired: " | sed -ne 's|pub .*/\([^ ]*\) .*|\1|gp' | xargs -n1 sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys


It is very possible, and a very good idea, because if anything goes very wrong, you can reinstall it easily. The fact that each OS has its own HDD is good, too, since it gives you more control over each of them.


How to remove "Dash Plugins" from Applications lens?

I am using 16.04.

Open /usr/share/unity/scopes/applications.scope:

sudo gedit /usr/share/unity/scopes/applications.scope

and remove this:

[Category scopes]
Name=Dash plugins
Icon=/usr/share/icons/unity-icon-theme/places/svg/group-installed.svg
DedupField=uri
SortField=scope_disabled;title;
ContentType=apps
RendererHint=toggled


I believe that this thread has the answer you are looking for:

can't make bootable usb on mac

Looks pretty straight forward.


Is there a way to use VDPAU with the proprietary (fglrx) AMD drivers?

There is a somewhat buggy vdpau driver based on OpenGL, it can be installed via:

sudo apt-get install vdpauinfo libvdpau1 libvdpau-va-gl1

And to use it set the environment variable VDPAU_DRIVER:

VDPAU_DRIVER=va_gl vdpauinfo

For more info see http://leodr.com/amd-fglrx-vdpau-ubuntu-14-04-hp-probook-4540s/


unterminated `s' command -- running sed from a .sh script, to replace a string that includes a "="

When you type CMD="sed -i 's/^host=.*/host=myhost1/' /opt/file.txt", you are using " (double quotes), asking the shell to interpret special characters like *.

It will replace .* with a list of all the files in the current directory that begin with a ., thus confusing sed.

Make the * unspecial with a backslash \*. Also to echo "$CMD" to see the filenames.


It looks like you manually installed kernel 3.19.0-15 to Xubuntu.

Xubuntu 14.04.2 is shipped with 3.13 kernels, not like Ubuntu 14.04.2 as far as I know.

Ubuntu kernel 3.19.0-15 has never been published in Ubuntu repositories and has issues.

So you need to boot with some stable kernel using grub menu and remove this kernel image.

If you need 3.19 so much you can run

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid

This will install stable 3.19.0-18 supported kernel.

If a non-LTS version of Xubuntu is installed then run

sudo apt-get update $$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

to get a supported kernel.


How to find internal hard drive when booting from USB?

The few times I've done that sort of thing, I used Puppy linux, (newer version is called Slacko), and previous to that Knoppix and AntiX, which were supposed to be better at "finding" hard drives.  Best, and easiest way to make a USB, in my opinion,is to use LinuxLive. If the drive is readable, should show up on the desktop in the lower left corner, and you can just click on it.  Hope this helps.


upgrade from 14.04 LTS to 16.04.1 LTS still fails

I was able to upgrade after changing servers and removing some company IP's listed in my sources.list file. Happily running 16.04.1 LTS


How to insall mysql-proxy in ubuntu 16.04?

The mysql-proxy project seems to be abandoned since over 2 years which is the likely reason for its removal from the Xenial repositories. It's probably incompatible with newer MySQL releases.

The 3-years-old INSTALL notice recommends version 5.1.x while the Xenial repositories include MySQL 5.7 and no older release.


DKMS issue with 'sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx*'

Not sure that is what's causing the problem here, but you probably don't mean to have the pattern expanded by the shell, so you should quote it:

If you have a file fglrx-14.10.1006.1001 in the current directory,
the command

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx*

gets expanded to

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx-14.10.1006.1001

which would explain why apt-get is looking for that package.

Quote the pattern like this to prevent the shell interpreting the *:

sudo apt-get remove --purge "fglrx*"


As @Raphael pointed out, the latest version of hplip was released on their website, plus it comes in .run executable.

In my 16.04, the default hplip version was 3.16.3, whilst their website offer more version than the default. So it possible you've install newer version of hplip via website.

So if you successfully install the latest version (via .run installer) from their official website, hplip might have been upgraded but you just don't notice it. Try run hp-setup on terminal to check whether the version listed as your desired version. Example output:

Liso@thinkpad:~$ hp-setup

HP Linux Imaging and Printing System (ver. 3.16.3)
Printer/Fax Setup Utility ver. 9.0

Copyright (c) 2001-15 HP Development Company, LP
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
This is free software, and you are welcome to distribute it
under certain conditions. See COPYING file for more details.

If none of version listed correctly as they should be, try removing hplip and reinstall it again.


Edit the file /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/10_ubuntu-settings.gschema.override.

In the section...
[org.gnome.desktop.interface:GNOME-Greeter]
gtk-theme = "Yaru"
icon-theme = "Yaru"
cursor-theme = "Yaru"
font-name = "Ubuntu 11"
monospace-font-name = "Ubuntu Mono 13"

Replace the icon-theme = "Yaru" with the desired theme, such as Newaita...
[org.gnome.desktop.interface:GNOME-Greeter]
gtk-theme = "Yaru"
icon-theme = "Newaita"
cursor-theme = "Yaru"
font-name = "Ubuntu 11"
monospace-font-name = "Ubuntu Mono 13"

Save this file and exit your editor.

Then compile the gschemas...
sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas


How to check if my device supports Wake on Wlan

Please run the terminal command:
iw list | grep WoW -A10

On my machine, using coincidentally, an Intel wireless device, it says:
WoWLAN support:
         * wake up on disconnect
         * wake up on magic packet
         * wake up on pattern match, up to 20 patterns of 16-128 bytes,
           maximum packet offset 0 bytes
         * can do GTK rekeying
         * wake up on GTK rekey failure
         * wake up on EAP identity request
         * wake up on 4-way handshake
         * wake up on rfkill release
         * wake up on network detection, up to 11 match sets

Although it reports that my device may be awakened with a magic packet, I am unable to locate any support documentation. This, however, may be helpful: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43421478/magic-packet-for-wake-on-wireless-lan

The simple fact is that there is not enough industry support for
WoWLAN to make it feasible for most organizations.


Ubuntu 18.04 crashes / freezes after sleep / suspend

I finally managed to fix it, and here are the steps for people having the same issue.

1. Switch from gdm3 to lightdm

To do this, open a terminal and type sudo apt-get install lightdm, or sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm and when asked, select lightdm as your default display manager

2. Try the fix

Start your system and wait for the GRUB menu to show (if you don't see a GRUB menu, press and hold the left Shift key right after starting the system).
Now highlight the kernel you want to use, and press the e key. You should be able to see and edit the commands associated with the highlighted kernel.
Go down to the line starting with linux and add at the end: amd_iommu=off. Generally, the end of the line will look like this: quiet splash amd_iommu=off
Now press Ctrl + x to boot.
Open your session and try suspending by closing the lid

3. Make the fix permanent

From a terminal (or after pressing Alt + F2) run:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

(or use sudo nano if gksudo or gedit are not available) and enter your password.
Find the line starting with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT and append amd_iommu=off to its end. For example:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash amd_iommu=off"

Save the file and close the editor.
Finally, start a terminal and run:

sudo update-grub

to update GRUB's configuration file (you probably need to enter your password).

I also noticed that you cannot suspend with a long press on the power button in the top-right Ubuntu menu, as it results to a crash on wake up.

--

Sources:

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1858315#p1858315

https://askubuntu.com/a/19487/981926

https://askubuntu.com/a/152381/981926


Depending on the file system used, this might help:

$ cd /media/truecrypt1
$ sudo chown -R $USER .

It sets the ownership of all files inside the encrypted file system to the currently logged in user.


I assume you have copied the .ssh files from your old computer to your new.

To use them with ssh in the terminal, just place the id_*-files in ~/.ssh, and do a chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_*.

To use them with putty, you have to convert them to putty's format.

puttygen ~/.ssh/id_rsa -o ~/putty.ppk

This will generate putty.ppk in your home directory.

This can be used in putty:


Or use:

find /opt/g09 -maxdepth 1 -executable -printf "%f\n"

adding the -type f flag also works here.

From the find manual:

 %f     File's name with any leading directories removed (only the last element).

This answer only requires that you have GNU find whereas others require other programs to manipulate your results.


The only thing that is missing is to do the same on the other side: your packets are going but nothing is coming back, since Router 2 does not know that 192.168.1.76 is behind 192.168.1.1.


How to make sysctl network bridge settings persist after a reboot?

By serendipity, I ran into some additional info.  Even the "kludgy get around" I first thought about is a "suggested solution" in the Debain wiki, it doesn't work on my Ubuntu 12.04 machine! Sigh :-(

Please see Some sysctl's are ignored on boot  - someone reported this bug back in 2006 and it's still not fixed!

Note that Setting up bridge-related kernel variables is also referenced in the 2nd link above.

A rather disappointing situation, IMHO.

-- Zack


There's a libxml2 package for that. You can install it with:

sudo apt-get install libxml2

If you want to compile software from source based on libxml2 you need the development files:

sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev


OOB configuration management software for Nginx and PHP-FPM?

For the first problem (Nginx), use the conf.d/ directory to create an overrides file for Nginx (nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/overrides.conf). In this, for example, disable all server tokens:

# Disable server version
server_tokens off;

For the second problem (PHP), use the mods-available/ directory to create an zzz_overrides.ini file and enable the module (/etc/php/7.0/mods-available/zzz_overrides.ini). zzz_ is to make sure it's loaded as the last ini:

expose_php = Off


If you have the vim editor installed, open the file with vim file.c and type =G to indent the file from begin to end. Then save it with :wq.

On default installations, vi (not vim) is installed, so it will not have the required ident package (as mentioned by karel).


Cant install/compile utorrent from tar.gz source

you need to go to the source of the tar.gz via the command cd. So if you have it on the Desktop it could be something like this:

cd Desktop/

When you start a terminal you are in the directory home.

So if I wanted to do the first type of command I would:

cd Desktop/FILE

./configure

make

make install

the ./ command just tells the console that you will start in the current folder. with ../ you go up one folder.


System requirements for Ubuntu 12.04.1 32bit?

Should be very speedy on your machine compared to Windows 7 ;) 1 GB should be enough to run it.


chroot: Ubuntu 14.04 - udev upgrade Problems!

/var/run/utmp seems to be missing possibly due to improper shutdown. Try to re-create it using:

sudo -s
cat /dev/null > /var/run/utmp

and then restart your computer.


down loading the dependencies and installing manually sort of defeats the purpose of using the repositories and apt (apt-get).

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingSoftware

To achieve what you want,

sudo -i
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
apt-get -y install wicd


Thunar doesn't display thumbnails for most files

There are 2 possible methods for fixing this issue, best tried in the order given here:

Ensure Tumbler is installed:

sudo apt-get install tumbler tumbler-plugins-extra

Generate a new config file by closing Thunar and then running:

mv ~/.config/Thunar ~/.config/Thunar.bak

and then reopening Thunar. This will generate a new, default configuration file.

This should rectify your issue...


4 clicks to shut down Ubuntu - can we reduce this?

You can easily make it 2 clicks:

Open Settings
Go to "Power"
Change the "Power button action" dropdown to "Power off"

Now click the physical power button on your device and then select power off from the prompt - that is 2 clicks (1 if you don't count pressing the power button as a click).


Execure a random command from .txt file?

You should write a short script which performs the operation, eg /var/www/post.sh

#!/bin/bash
shuf -n 1 /var/www/tweets.txt | twidge update

Make it executable with chmod +x post.sh, and add it to crontab.


Cannot add or remove packages; Errors were encountered while processing: libbz2-1.0 libbz2-1.0:i386

Never mind. I figured out how to fix it myself. For anyone else who gets this problem, here is what you need to do:

Type sudo dpkg --configure -a. It will error out, but don't worry.
Find the files causing the problems and type sudo dpkg -r PACKAGE_NAME for each one to remove it. Some of them will fail to be removed. Add them to a list.
Run sudo dpkg --configure PACKAGE_NAME for each package in your list. It will configure them. This time, you should not see any errors.
Run sudo apt-get install -f to fix dependencies.
Profit!


A setting which disables a network connection after a specified period

No need to ping google, you can check the status of the network directly with nmcli.

Here's a script I whipped up for ya real quick:

#!/bin/bash

while :; do
    if $(nmcli nm enable | grep -q enabled); then
        echo 'Found connection! You got 5 minutes!'
        sleep 300
        nmcli nm enable false
    else
        echo 'No connection, checking again in 30s.'
        sleep 30
    fi
done

Just run this script at startup and it will stay running forever, constantly checking for an internet connection, and if it finds one it will disable it 5 minutes later.


Independence between sudo and the instruction it receives as an argument

This discrepancy comes from a simple option to ls nothing else.

In fact your ls is aliased to ls --color=auto. To see it try in terminal,

type ls

That is why you have colored outputs. But when you use sudo ls it uses /bin/ls which does not have the color option with it. So it fails to show colored outputs.

If you try /bin/ls you also will have color less output. Or try sudo ls --color=auto which should give you color.


I could use a feature like this myself (and now I have it thanks to your asking this question!)

I did some Googling and here are some pieces of the puzzle.

Thumbnails:

This is a bit awkward, but it would work.

http://blog.prashanthellina.com/2008/02/03/create-pdf-thumbnails-using-imagemagick-on-linux/

With this, you could write a script to generate thumbnails in the same directory as the pdfs.  If you name them the same as the pdf, except changing the extension, they would sort right next to the originals and hovering over them would show the thumbnail.  You could rerun the script periodically (possibly comparing modification dates on the pdf and thumbhnail) and regenerate thumbnails for those which have changed.

I'm not much of an imagemagick user, but I have seen posts on how to add annotations to an image that would allow you to add very limited captions/notes to the thumbnails.

Adding clutterflow to nautilus (This link also mentions a thing called gloobus, but the links didn't lead to anything about pdfs.)  I'm a kde user and don't run nautilus, so I haven't tried this.

https://superuser.com/questions/294765/quickly-view-pdf-files-in-directory

I found this and it works (but for dolphin/KDE)!  (no annotations though)

Enabling PDF preview in Dolphin

Here's one that says it works in nautilus (but no annotations):

https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/gnome-sushi/

Annotations:

Looks better than nothing.  The second (python) answer looks better.

They mention a limitation of zenity in the first answer.  If you pursue it, check out yad.  It's compatible, has way more features, and a developer who will often add things quickly if he's convinced of their merit.

File notes tab gone in Nautilus 3.2.1

HTH


Is the latest Remmina 1.0 in the official 12.04 repositories?

Yes, it is - in main!

Remmina 1.0 was released on February 11, 2012 (source: Official Homepage)

Remmina switched to FreeRDP since 0.8 (source: Official Wiki)
The recent "change to FreeRDP" which may have confused you is just their moving to the FreeRDP GitHub for hosting their source code
RDP support in Remmina is through FreeRDP only, via a plugin with the following dependency chain (no FreeRDP binaries are necessary):
reminna-plugin-rdp <-- libfreerdp-plugins-standard <-- libfreerdp1.
These libraries are installed automatically when you install Remmina, unless you have disabled the default APT policy of installing recommends, in which case you will have no RDP support until you install remmina-plugin-rdp!

Proof:

Official changelog for the Ubuntu version in Precise 12.04 says:

remmina (1.0.0-1) unstable; urgency=low
  * New upstream release.
_ Compatible with FreeRDP 1.0 (Closes: #658363).
.
.
.
 -- Luca Falavigna   Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:28:48 +0100

To be "precise ;)" the Ubuntu version is more advanced than the upstream:

In fact, the changelog says that a number of additional improvements have been done by the Debian/Ubuntu developers since 1.0.0, including:

add clipboard support.
fix smooth scrolling
improved translations
Added Unity Launcher support
App indicator support added
Add -i option to only start as a tray icon.


Which TLS protocols are enabled in Ubuntu 14.04's OpenSSL?

$ cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS \n \l

$ apt-cache policy openssl
openssl:
  Installed: 1.0.1f-1ubuntu2
  Candidate: 1.0.1f-1ubuntu2
  Version table:
 *** 1.0.1f-1ubuntu2 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

$ openssl ciphers -v 'TLSv1.2' | head -4
ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD
ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=RSA  Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA384
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH     Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256)  Mac=SHA384


Command that exits with zero status (not /bin/true)?

Even though you've asked for something that is "not /bin/true", replacing true with the full name /bin/true to show that it is the true program rather than some other meaning of "true" is probably the best solution.

Your concern is that the true in

make TOOL=true

appears to be something other than a command name. But if you write

make TOOL=/bin/true

then that is unambiguously a command. Somebody might misread TOOL=true to mean that some other tool somewhere is intended, but no such misreading of TOOL=/bin/true is likely.

I am unsure as to when :, which is a shell builtin but not an external command, will work. Henning Makholm has reported that it appears to work. But I think it does not work in all situations, and you found that it did not work for you.

As for a shell alias, you cannot use that because alias expansion is not performed in the arguments you pass to a command, nor do makefiles make any use of previously defined shell aliases. Even if make runs your commands in a new shell, that shell will not have the alias (and would not use it even if it did have it, because it would be a noninteractive shell, where alias expansion is not automatically enabled).


The first thing you should do if you ran in such probs, is:
open a terminal and type dpkg --audit, and, depending on what dpkg returns, you could continue with the following steps.

From the command line:

sudo apt --fix-missing install

sudo apt --fix-broken install

sudo apt autoremove

sudo apt autoclean

sudo apt clean

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade

Make sure to check out, what apt is proposing as solution after every step.


Canonical has not officially supported these older PowerPC based machines for quite a while.  This was left to the community to support.

There is not currently a Natty version to try - the latest stable release is Maverick.

Power PC Wiki Page

Power PC Downloads

Apple Users Ubuntu Forum

However - things look promising for the upcoming LTS (12.04) - in the daily-builds there is a PowerPC ISO.


Clock & Date won't show up on boot sometimes in Ubuntu 13.10

This is a temporary fix. You have to repeat it every time you login and the clock does not show.

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter:

killall unity-panel-service

This will reinitialize the top panel and the clock will show up.


Changed partition mount settings and can't boot now

You may have a problem with an older computer, with an older GPU. Try this...

boot to recovery mode
choose root access

type:

sudo mount -o remount,rw /      # to remount the disk r/w

sudo pico /etc/gdm3/custom.conf # edit this file

change:

#WaylandEnable=false

to:

WaylandEnable=false

Then reboot.


The library libstdc++.so.6 in Ubuntu 15.04 has CXXABI_1.3.8:

% strings /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 | grep CXXABI_1.3.8
CXXABI_1.3.8

Make the LD_LIBRARY_PATH changes reversed.
Make a backup of your libstdc++.so.6 in /home/aiphee/HoN/libs-x86_64/ and remove the original file:

mv /home/aiphee/HoN/libs-x86_64/libstdc++.so.6 /home/aiphee/HoN/libs-x86_64/libstdc++.so.6.bak

Create a symbolic link:

ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /home/aiphee/HoN/libs-x86_64/


Ubuntu/Windows computer boots directly into Ubuntu bypassing Dual-Boot w/o allowing access to BIOS

I have a feeling it may have something to do with the boot order, and you might be able to fix is just by changing a couple boot order settings. (Probably moving USB boot below HDD or SDD boot)
Lastly, you may have tried this, but F2 or some other top row key may be able to work.


How can I improve performance and user experience in 11.10 (boot + shutdown time, graphics, ...)

Did you install additional drivers for your graphics card? Try to install one using jocky-gtk.
Install preload which loads recently loaded(but not running now) programs data in the background so your system can load that program faster when you want to start it again.
Go to ccsm > Unity plugin>experimental . Change dash bar to static or no blur. Which reduces the delay of unity dash.
Must use swap, at least 1GB. If you did not keep a partition for swap then don't worry, you can create swap file without delete or create a new partition. Check here  Just copy paste the commands in terminal.
Remove unnecessary programs from you startup list.

sudo sed --in-place 's/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g' /etc/xdg/autostart/*.desktop

Run the command first which will display all of your applications in "start up application"
Install laptop-mode-tools which will increase your laptop's battery life.
Add the line in /etc/sysctl.conf

sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf

vm.swappiness=10  [add the line at the end of the file]

This means your system will keep the cache in ram instead of swap as much as possible and your system's performance will increase.


Geany doesn't have nothing to do with this. I'm sure that you will get the same errors if you are compiling your program from terminal. This because conio.h is specific to the Windows environment. Use ncurses.h library on Unix like systems; its functions are similar to ones in conio.h.

See http://tldp.org/HOWTO/NCURSES-Programming-HOWTO/.


You can use indicator-workspaces, it is still two-click but it is much quicker in my opinion...

Installation :

sudo apt-get install python-wnck
wget -O indicator-workspaces_0.6.4_all.deb http://goo.gl/SG2dz
sudo dpkg -i indicator-workspaces_0.6.4_all.deb

You can also use shortcuts to quickly change between workspaces : Ctrl + Alt + ↑ ← → ↓


Open it with OpenOffice for Windows.

http://www.openoffice.org/download/


RDP VirtualBox Ubuntu 12.04LTS Windows 7

When you access a VM with RDP, its IP adress can be anything. I suspect you tried to connect to the VM instead of host.

In your RDP client, you must enter:

dedicated_host_name_or_IP:RDP_port_number_of_the_VM

for instance:

localhost:5001 # if I connect a VM running on my Virtual Box server.

192.168.1.25:5000 # IP adress of my dedicated server not of the VM.

Edit

There are two ways to use RDP on your VMs:

Using the host machine as the RDP server. It works only if you activate the "Remote Display" server in your VMs setting (chapter Display). Using this will work even if your VM network configuration is incorrect.
Using the VM itself as RDP server (I suspect it's what your trying to do). Then, you have to configure the TCP/IP options in the VM, not only the Virtual Box settings. Maybe you use the default DHCP option there. If this don't work with the bridged adapter setting (and works with the NAT), try this:

In the VB settings, make sure your bridged adapter is linked to your main interface (the one giving access to Internet to the VB host). Open the "Advanced options" and enable "Cable connected".

In the TCP/IP settings of the VM, choose DHCP. Restart the connection if needed.

If this don't work, open a terminal in the VM and type ipconfig to know if your VM got a working IP address.


There are multiple ways you can build and deploy OpenStack on Ubuntu:

(easiest) use the OpenStack Autopilot. As you noticed, currently this requires 7 machines.
Juju.  You can use Juju to deploy and configure OpenStack services. You need to install MAAS and Juju, but you do not need to know about OpenStack as much.
(hardest) Apt. follow the installation guide for Ubuntu on OpenStack.org, and build your configuration manually. You will need to learn quite a bit about OpenStack.

All three solutions require hardware, because OpenStack is infrastructure, and while it can be faked to test patches, OpenStack with almost no hardware is... hardly useful.

If you want to test OpenStack in the small scale, not for production, I recommend for now you use:

apt-get install openstack

and try the single system cloud configuration you can build there. In alternative, you can try DevStack, which also gives you a (hardly realistic) cloud packed into one box.

Finally, I hear the next beta of the OpenStack Autopilot may require less hardware resources for non-HA configurations. You may want to wait a few weeks until that's out and see if we managed to bring the bar low enough for you - you may still need a third machine, but that would be all.


Cannot delete .Trash-503 directory, returns a $RECYCLE.BIN.trashinfo: Input/output error

Input/output  error means it could be a hardware malfunction or corrupted file system. Most probabily, some of the sectors of your storage device get damaged.
See the following error message, the command fails when trying to delete file found.000 which is a lost file recovered by a filesystem check utility.

rm: cannot remove `.Trash-503/info/found.000.trashinfo': Input/output error

First of all backup all important data on the partition (if possible whole disk as sector damage may spread over all partition).
Check file system
fsck /dev/sdxx where xx is your target partition. This should fix your current problem.
format partition
If this problem repeat for other files you better do a complete format (not quick format) using a partitioning tool like gnome-disks
dispose storage device
If you get the same error even after complete format you better switch to a new storage device.
update
unfortunately ntfs repair is not fully supported by any tool in linux. You can try sudo apt-get install ntfsprogs then
sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdaX. The best way to fix ntfs is to check it from Windows. You can run chkdsk from any Windows repairCD/USB. This ubuntu forum will help to create a  your own Windows repairCD.


Why do I get hostname: Name or service not known error?

run hostname --fqdn

If you get an error, edit /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts with a proper hostname.

Then aptitude install ssmtp again to get it to install.


Ubuntu One install screen does not finish

Ubuntu One installer won't finish the process if the ubuntuone-control-panel-gtk is not installed.

So, install the related packages and you can use Ubuntu One thereafter.

sudo apt-get install ubuntuone-client-gnome ubuntuone-control-panel ubuntuone-control-panel-gtk

(Related bug)


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64 bit No Internet Connect

Assuming that your router is 172.16.12.1, your problem is that your machine doesn't know to send Internet-bound packets there.

route add default gw 172.16.12.1

That will make it send everything not on your LAN out through that address.

If that's not your router, find out what your router's address is and substitute it in.


How well does MS Word 2007 and MS Power Point 2007 work in Wine?

playonlinux
is a piece of software which allows you to easily install and use numerous games and softwares designed to run with Microsoft®'s Windows®.
For Ubuntu, PlayOnLinux is available in the universe repository. If you have this repository enables, you can install it by typing the command:
sudo apt-get install playonlinux

After playonlinux is installed, do the following

Open Playonlinux
Go to your menu and open Application-->Games-->PlayOnlinux

Click Next
Select from where you will install Microsoft office 2007
enter you Microsoft Office 2007 KEY
Accept the term and conditions then click continue
Click install now to start the installation of Microsoft Office 2007
Create Menu and Desktop shortcuts


Well bcache is an option on 14.04.

dm-cache (for which lvmcache is apparently just a friendly frontend) seems faster according to benchmarks but seems quite painful to use directly. That should still be an option if you like, but it's a slog.

You could manually update (or find a PPA for) lvm2. This package is largely just a toolchain for exploiting Kernel features so (with a pinch of salt and many backups) should be relatively safe to run on 14.04.


Lubuntu 14.04: unmute sound from keyboard not work

I also had the same problem. Author has provided a link in the comments with a forum post where it has been solved, but for completeness, if somebody else runs into this post, here is a solution.

The problem with unmuting is that pressing the button unmutes only the master channel but not Pulsaudio channels. To correct this one has to modify the keybinding for XF86AudioMute button which on Lubuntu is defined in file ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml. Open the file with a text editor and find <keybind key="XF86AudioMute">, and in <command> section put the following command: amixer -D pulse set Master Playback Switch toggle.

This question has been discussed at askubuntu as well, but that one is actually difficult to find if you do not know that Alsa is the problem, which can easily happen to an Ubuntu newbie.

At the end run openbox --reconfigure to set the configuration.


Can't watch video in any website Ubuntu 14.04 Chromium

First Step:

You are probably missing a plug-in on Chrome. Try looking online for any available plugins for Ubuntu, or check the file repositories.

Last resort:

Either that, or your Radeon graphics isn't liking that specific browser. Canonical has dropped a lot of support on AMD Radeon drivers, and AMD Radeon has a horrendous reputation on Ubuntu, when it comes to stability and support. From my experience.....Let's just say that AMD Radeon ended my Ubuntu installs on a few of my PCs.

Nvidia has a way better reputation in Ubuntu. I recommend switching to Nvidia. Nvidia isn't perfect, and you can and will run into some problem sometimes, but at least you won't have a bad graphics experience like AMD Radeon.

But then again, it's probably Chrome. The best advice I could give you if that's the case, is that you need to switch to Firefox. I find Firefox more stable than Chrome.

Hope this helps.


In a bash script, how can I go to a directory whose name is stored in a variable?

The cd command changes what directory you are in. Run help cd for details.

If dirName is a shell variable that contains the name of the directory you want to go to, then

cd -- "$dirName"

will go there. For example, if you start out in /home/my_user_name/SCRIPTS and the variable dirName contains the text foo, then that command brings you to /home/my_user_name/SCRIPTS/foo.

If you always want dirName to be interpreted as a relative path in /home/my_user_name/SCRIPTS, regardless of where the user runs your script from, then use:

cd -- "/home/my_user_name/SCRIPTS/$dirName"

You may have noticed the leading -- argument and the use of quotation:

In a script, when passing user input as arguments to a command that accepts options starting with - or --, it's usually a good idea to pass the -- option first. Most commands that accept filename arguments support this syntax (you should always check, though). It means that all subsequent arguments are to be interpreted as filenames rather than as options.

To understand this, try running ls -l, and try running ls -- -l. You don't usually need to use the -- argument when you're typing commands manually. But in a script that passes the value of unsanitized input to a command, it's frequently used.
In both commands, I have used double quotes (" "). This is usually what you want when expanding a variable that contains a filename.

Like if you used no quotes at all, but unlike single quotes (' '), double quotes permit parameter expansion. So they don't prevent $dirName from being expanded to the value that was assigned to it by the read command. However, unlike not using quotes at all, but like single quotes, double quotes prevent word splitting. That way, if the variable contains whitespace characters (or characters present in IFS, if that has been set), it will still work properly.

See also 3.1.2 Quoting in the Bash Reference Manual.

I recommend also using double-quotes in your mkdir commmand, and probably also --:

mkdir -- "$dirName"

Note, however, that changing the current directory in a shell script does not cause the calling process's current directory to be changed. This is by design (and holds in most, if not all, operating systems, including Windows). When a program runs another program, it does not expect its own current directory to be changed.

Every program has its own environment, and its own current directory. When you start a new program, it inherits this from the program that started it, but it has its own copy. When a child process changes its current directory, that is not reflected in the parent process.

Often, when you want to change directory for the caller, the correct approach is to reconsider your design. Do you really need this?

Essentially the only situation where it is reasonable to change directory for the caller is when your script is really just a list of commands that would be just as well be run directly by the caller. When that is the case, you can source the script instead of running it. For example, suppose you are currently running your script with the command:

./my_script

Then you can instead source it with:

. ./my_script

This alternative syntax is also supported:

source ./my_script

The Bash shell supports both the . and source builtins, and they are equivalent. (Run help . or help source for details.)

This causes all the commands in your script to be run in the current shell, rather than in a new shell (which is what happens when you actually run a shell script).


Problem sending mail with phpmailer and iptables

When you make a outgoing connection to a SMTP server, you connect to the remote servers port 25. The local port, on your machine is taken from  a pool of ephemeral ports.  When you attempt an outgoing connection, the operating system will allocate a high port number automatically, and more or less randomly, for the socket.

If you block the ephemeral ports, you generally can't make outbound connections from a machine.

Usually the range is 49152-65535, according to IANA recommendations. Some operating systems, notably Windows XP and 2003 (and earlier) used lower ports for this. For Ubuntu I believe the default is 32768-60999:

$ sysctl net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768    60999

When this is blocked by iptables, the outgoing connection is not working. This is what you're observing here.

You can of course change this port range, but the security benefits of doing so is nil. What you probably want is to block incoming traffic to these ports. If you use ufw, this can be achieved by a drop all incoming, plus allow the specific incoming ports that you do want to listen to.

You will likely notice that other stuff, such as sudo apt update is broken due to these ports being blocked. If you absolutely do want to change the ephemeral ports range - for no benefit - you can have a look at this answer at the U&L SE site.


How to remove the panel on the right on my screen?

I found out what was wrong. There was a dock-extension installed. http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/09/dock-extension-for-gnome-shell/ states it should be installed in .local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/, but in my case it was in /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/. Removing the folder and reloading my desktop fixed the problem.


Windows has a 'fast startup' feature that shutdown Windows in a kind of hibernate state. It is not a full shutdown, this can make your Windows drives mounted as read only by Ubuntu.

To make your windows drives writable under Ubuntu, you must perform a full shutdown of windows :
Option 1 : Hold Shift key while pressing the shutdown button of Windows
Option 2 : In a Windows command line window, type shutdown /f /p

You can also disable the 'fast startup' feature from windows power control panel


May be too naive but how about the following:

Let Dir be the directory to be password protected with password qwerty.

mv -n Dir qwerty
mkdir Dir
mv qwerty Dir/.
chmod a-r Dir

This just creates a folder called querty inside Dir with the contents of Dir and removes read permissions to Dir.

To access from terminal:

cd Dir/qwerty

or

cd Dir/
cd qwerty/

Note that pressing tab or typing ls won't reveal qwerty. In other words you need to know qwerty to reach the original contents of Dir.

To access from nautilus:

Navigate to Dir. Press Ctrl+L. Type qwerty in the location bar to enter.

Changing password:

cd Dir
mv qwerty newpassword

This method has quite a few issues.

After gaining access the password will be clearly visible for all to see in the terminal prompt or nautilus address bar.
Scripts inside Dir which depend on their exact location in the filesystem won't work properly.
Most importantly, sys-admins will be able to access contents without the password -  this may not be desirable.

Apart from these there could be other security flaws: this was never intended to be an encryption scheme. That said, from the sound of the question, I guess this might be sufficient.


Ubuntu 13.10, nVidia Optimus graphics card appears as a secondary display

If you want bumblebee install linux-headers-generic, nvidia-319-updates, bumblebee and bumblebee-nvidia. For nvidia-prime don't install bumblebee but install nvidia-prime and nvidia-39-updates


VM Ubuntu: What are /dev/mapper and /dev/sd1?

Probably /dev/sda1 is a small conventional boot partition, while /dev/mapper contains a LVM2 logical volume consisting of the remainder of the filesystem as a single root LV, which would be the normal configuration if you had selected the "Use entire diskwith LVM" option during installation. For instance, my current (non virtual) installation has

/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root  162G   14G  140G   9% /
/dev/sda1                    236M   66M  158M  30% /boot

You would need to provide additional information in your question (such as the output of the command df -h | grep ^/) for anyone to know for sure. To increase the free space you would need to remove additional installed software or unneeded data.


A handy way for installing Flash (Adobe) into your system:

go to Adobe-site and download the newest Flashplayer for Linux (choose the tar.gz package)
unpack the package in 'downloads' so you can detect a singel file named: libflashplayer.so
press ALT + F2 and type gksudo nautilus press enter and prompt your password
navigate in the core to usr/lib/mozilla/plugins
copy and paste the file you've unpacked in downloads (libflashplayer.so)
close all windows including Firefox (if that was open)
restart Firefox and go to a site that has some movies in Flash to watch for testing.

That's all, you should have a good running Flash with this work-arround.

Should you run Xubuntu it is then gksudo thunar instead of nautilus ;)


How to install VMWare Player on 32-bit 13.10 without 64-bit virtualisation

My understanding is that in version 4 they dropped support for 32bit cpu's. While a 32bit operating system can still be used, it must be running on a 64bit cpu. The following information may not apply to since you said you are running a 32bit OS but didn't state if you had a 32bit cpu.

The links below are for workstation because Vmware posts more information about it, but player is built from workstation so often the same information applies.

VMware Workstation 9 CPU requirements:

http://pubs.vmware.com/workstation-9/index.jsp#com.vmware.ws.get_started.doc/GUID-BBD199AA-C346-4334-9F56-5A42F7328594.html

According to this a 64bit cpu is required.

VMware Workstation 6 (player 2 equivalent):

www.vmware.com/pdf/ws6_manual.pdf

According to the workstation 6 document an x86 or x86-64 cpu can be used. So vmware player 2 should support 32bit cpus.

VMware Workstation 7 (player 3 equivalent?):

www.vmware.com/pdf/ws71_manual.pdf

According to the workstation 7 document some x86 cpus are still supported like the Intel Pentium 4 models that support PAE, however older ones like pentium III are not any longer.

VMware Workstation 8 (player 4 equivalent?):

www.vmware.com/pdf/ws80-getting-started.pdf

According to the workstation 8 document a 64bit cpu is required.

If you have 32bit cpu I would suggest installing VMware Player 3 and if it doesn't work then I guess you will be stuck with version 2. If you have a 64bit cpu but are experiencing issues I would suggest trying version 4 and working your way up.


It's irrelevant.

If you have a look in /etc/login.defs, you'll find the following line:

ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512

This is specifies that SHA512 shall be used for password hashing on Ubuntu for user logins. By default, 5000 rounds are used.

How the passwd program handles this hashing internally is irrelevant for the security of the hashed passwords.

It also appears that passwd in Ubuntu uses crypt, not mcrypt.

Switching to OpenSSL sounds unlikely. OpenSSL is a huge library, which supports lots of algorithms, and has a ton of dependencies. This functionality is superfluous for the use in passwd.

I could not find any references to this in the mailing lists of the package, nor changelog for upcoming Cosmic Cuttlefish.

So in short; no. passwd is not changing to OpenSSL. It's not using mcrypt either, by the looks of it.

mcrypt is deprecated, as no active development has happened for years, and OpenSSL may be used as a replacement. There's also other replacements, such as bcrypt.


That is NOT how Linux(/Ubuntu) works. We have generic drivers so we generally do not download drivers for our systems to get out systems installed.

In general: you start with a Live DVD, pick "try Ubuntu" and have a general assessment of what is working; if at this point something does not work. You can also set up your wireless at this point (if you do that you can use firefox -during- the installation to browse the web).

Then you choose the installer and have it install (partitioning, setting the username etc).

When this is done you log into your newly created system and will have a working system where the installation installed all drivers for all the hardware it detected.

All the 3rd party drivers are shown in a program called "additional drivers" and can be installed from there. These drivers are limited to your video card and optionally a wireless driver for cards that use a broadcom chip.


Have you tried to reinstall it? It worked directly for me on one machine and on a VM I had to do a link from ~/anaconda/bin/conda to /usr/local/bin to get it to work. You can do a hardlink with sudo ln ~/anaconda/bin/conda /usr/local/bin/


setting up DPM performance level permanently

nevermind, I created /etc/rc.local file, made it executable (chmod a+x /etc/rc.local) and enabled the systemd service to run this script as described here: how to enable rc.local with systemd.
This is the content of the rc.local file:

#!/bin/bash
echo low > /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_dpm_force_performance_level

It seems it's working now without any flickering


As a workaround you can change these entries in the configuration file for the panel to what is originally used for the default panel session:

Open ~/.config/lxpanel/Lubuntu/config in a text editor.
Change the entries for FileManager and Terminal:

[Command]
FileManager= pcmanfm %s
Terminal=lxterminal
Logout=lxsession-default quit

Save file and restart panel:

lxpanelctl restart

Directory Menu plugin will work again. Of course, you could also change the entries to commands for a different file manager or terminal application.


Can I slow the speed of the cursor on a laptop touchpad?

"sudo aptitude install synaptiks"

This is the touchpad configuration tool in Ubuntu and works very well for me when I want to tweak touchpad settings.


How to edit lines in ubuntu 12.04 LTS Update Manager

You will want to edit your /etc/apt/sources.list and comment out the 2nd line. The easiest way to edit it is to use the Ubuntu Software Center and under the "Edit ->> Software Sources" you can uncheck the offending PPA in the "Other Software" tab.


Xubuntu 16.04 boots so fast, network not up on-time. Can the test be delayed?

Well, the questions can be closed.
I just was notified that a few packages required upgrading. After the usual apt upgrade and a reboot, both my questions are no longer relevant.
The boot time has even improved to a whopping 11.210 seconds and the shutdown process is down to some 5 seconds.
As I was not able to pinpoint the initial cause of my issue, I cannot tell you which upgraded package(s) resolved it.


Why doesn't Evolution recognise GPG keys imported to new desktop?

You have imported your GnuPG key data, but not the associated trust data. You have two options:

If you don't have any new keys/trust data on the new machine, delete your ~/.gnupg folder. Then, instead of import/export, just copy the ~/.gnupg folder from your old machine. This will copy both your key data and trust data.
If you do have new key/trust data on your new keyring and you can't afford to delete it, open up GNOME Passwords and Keys and go through the keys one by one, updating the trust properties for each key. (You may need to compare each entry to the corresponding entry on the old machine.)

References:

https://www.phildev.net/pgp/gpg_moving_keys.html


Ubuntu Software Centre is stalled installing a package and I can't install anything else

Try killing the dpkg process. Open the terminal(Ctrl+Alt+T) and type sudo pkill dpkg. Then try sudo dpkg --configure -a


I assume you have the usual error in dmesg when you insert the device:

“Invalid RF chipset 0×3070 detected”

If so, your device is not correctly driven in rt2800usb until the changes made in the 3.12 kernel. Please see this: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2192790&highlight=lafalink where the poster said it was solved by installing the latest kernel. I suggest you do so following post #7 here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2185682

Upgrade the kernel on a command-line only system as follows. Insert the USB key containing the .debs in the USB slot. Run the command

dmesg

You will see that the system recognized the USB device as a drive, often enumerated as sdb. Yours may differ, but make note of the name. The first partition is where files are usually located, so we will refer to /dev/sdb1.

Now we mount the device. First, we need a place on the system to mount it; in newer Ubuntu systems, we generally use /media.

sudo mkdir /media/kernel
sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/kernel

Now we install the .debs:

cd /media/kernel
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

Reboot and confirm you are now running 3.12:

uname -r

3.12.0-031200-generic

If you are using a CD, find out its file type with:

sudo blkid /dev/sr0

You may find that the type is iso9660. In that case, I'd try:

sudo mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr0 /media/kernel

Then proceed as above.

In a message from the user on ubuntuforums with the same device, he reported that kernel version 3.12.4 solved the problem. I suggest you download and install from here: http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.12.4-trusty/ Be sure to get 32- or 64-bit as appropriate.


Is it possible to use two external monitors for my Thinkpad T440p using a Lenovo Ultra Dock?

The issue appears to be lack of MST support in the Linux kernel. Upgrading to Ubuntu 15.04 with kernel 3.19 fixed the issue for me, but only after I installed the proprietary nvidia drivers.


/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn.so.7 is not a symbolic link

mona@Mona:/usr/local/cuda/lib64$ sudo rm libcudnn
mona@Mona:/usr/local/cuda/lib64$ sudo rm libcudnn.so.7
mona@Mona:/usr/local/cuda/lib64$ sudo ln libcudnn.so.7.0.5 libcudnn.so.7
mona@Mona:/usr/local/cuda/lib64$ sudo ln libcudnn.so.7 libcudnn.so
mona@Mona:/usr/local/cuda/lib64$ sudo ldconfig


Install latest cmake binary and accept licence automatically

If you run the installer with --help you should find that it has a --skip-license command line option:

$ ./cmake-3.10.0-rc4-Linux-x86_64.sh --help
Usage: ./cmake-3.10.0-rc4-Linux-x86_64.sh [options]
Options: [defaults in brackets after descriptions]
  --help            print this message
  --version         print cmake installer version
  --prefix=dir      directory in which to install
  --include-subdir  include the cmake-3.10.0-rc4-Linux-x86_64 subdirectory
  --exclude-subdir  exclude the cmake-3.10.0-rc4-Linux-x86_64 subdirectory
  --skip-license    accept license


Accessing an SSH server after disabling SSH password authentication for root

This is a known issue in 14.04. The reason for this issue is described in the answer of What does 'without password' mean in sshd_config file?

Can you check it out?


The biggest risk with a proxy server is creating an open proxy - a proxy that anyone on the internet can use to reach any server on the internet.

Open proxies can be used and abused to get around censorship but also to conduct illegal activities, spread web spam, attack other servers, and other unwanted things.

You need to ensure that either the source or the destination is authenticated or restricted by IP address.  If it's a forward proxy, then it should only be possible for the authorised person to use it - not any arbitrary user out on the internet.  If it's a reverse proxy, it should only be usable for contacting the one particular website it's designed to proxy for - not any arbitrary site.

The above is in addition to the usual security considerations that apply to any software.


SFTP permission denied on files owned by www-data

Ubuntu.com has pretty good serverguides, such as Apache guide.  Where did you get your procedures you so carefully wrote down?  I've never had to go to that much trouble for any of the servers I've set up, although I'm open to the possibility that I haven't been doing it right - also, I haven't actually install servers for anything that is very public, or very large, so there could be security holes that I don't know about.

However, I've never needed to be a member of the www-data group, and no source files in www are owned by www-data.  My understanding is that this is used by Apache only for its own files, and it will not have write permissions to any of the other files itself, because in theory, no important files will allow www-data to have write permission.  I'd guess that files owned by www-data would give read-only permission to everyone else, and nobody should have write permission to its files.  I could be totally wrong, of course, and if I am, I hope someone will tell me and point me to actual documentation that explains differently (not to some forum where a random internet user like me has produced instructions that worked for him).

Perhaps I'm missing something, but your problem should be fairly straightforward.  The user that is logged in using sftp needs to be a member of the group www-data, and the files you are trying to modify must have write permissions for the group www-data.  It doesn't make sense to me that you can modify the files using ssh, but not using sftp; are you sure you are logging in to the same account for both?  In sftp, you can enter commands such as !groups to list your groups, or !whoami to check what login name you are using.  The results should match what you see using ssh (with the same commands minus the exclamation point).

You also should be able to use chmod, chown, chgrp from sftp if you have permission to do so.

By the way, I think your list has at least one pretty bad command:

sudo chmod -R g+rw /var/www

This gives the world write permission to every file and folder in /var/www.  This sounds like a bad idea. Normally, only root has write permission to these directories, unless specific ones need more permission, usually only single directories.

Note:  This was an error on my part.  Thanks to DonalLafferty for pointing this out, that it specifies "g", not "a", so it only changes group permissions.  My tired old eyes (or a bad font) must have read it as "a".

Edits for clarification

Normally, files created by Apache are read-only for both the www-data group and all other users, same as the root-owned files in /var/www.  So, there should be no reason to make anyone a member of www-data.  The issue is giving everyone write access, which is a different case.  This should be done by making specific directories available within your site, and this is done simply by using chmod, either with sudo, since it is probably owned by root, or by making the owner yourself and not using sudo.

If you have more devs that need access to the entire site, that is when you want to make a user+group such as "webmasters", make it the owner of the site, give write permissions to that group, and make all devs members of that group. So the listing for the site directories would be something like:

drwxrwxr-x  ##  webmasters     webmasters   #### ####-##-## ##:##  mysite.com

More Edits

I've since realized that you don't really need to create a user "webmasters", just a group.  Then the files can be owned by root:webmasters, ie root is the owner, but webmasters is the group.

In answer to questions below, the files that Apache writes will be owned by www-data, and group www-data.  These files are not normally something you write to, so non-members of www-data may have read-only access - I think it depends on the directory permissions.  If you do need more than occasional write access, then adding yourself to the group might be useful.  Usually you make specific directories world writable for content saved by Apache.  Consider also that most shared web hosting running Apache without shell access would not even have a way to set up groups.

But, Apache can read files even owned by root.  Almost all files have world-readable access, just not writable.  So, unless you want to change this, Apache doesn't need to be in the webmasters group.

This is all basic Linux setup, not really Apache.  Apache only cares about access from within the web server, and that's set by the config files.  For this reason, the Ubuntu documentation link I included in my post should be considered a better source than a public wiki.

By the way, the O'Reilly Apache Cookbook says "Document directories, such as htdocs, cgi-bin, and icons, will have to have permissions set in a way that makes the
most sense for the development model of your particular web site, but under no circumstances should any of these directories or files contained in them be writable by the web server user."

Finally, using ACLs is a good way to set file permissions if you need more control.  It may even be a good way to set them all the time, and is something I should investigate.


Can XenCenter connect to xen-hypervisor-amd64

Have a look at LibVirt and VirtManager, both completely free alternatives to XenCenter, and they support more hypervisors than Xen alone.

Ubuntu Server 14.04 should have the packages readily available via

 apt-get install libvirt0 virt-manager

Once done, fire up VirtManager from the command line with virt-manager. It should connect to your Xen daemon immediately if you're running Xen 4.2+ (where xl is the default toolstack).

If you're not running Xen 4.2+ (or are using xm as the toolstack), then you'll have to modify a few lines in /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp in order for LibVirt to connect to Xen:

 (xend-http-server yes)
 (xend-port 8000)

After making the above changes, run service xen restart and then run service libvirt-bin restart (or service libvirtd restart if libvirt-bin doesn't work). VirtManager should now connect successfully to Xen.

HOWEVER

If you really want XenCenter to work with your configuration, you will need to install the XCP/XAPI packages in the Ubuntu repository. These packages contain the xe (XenServer) toolstack to communicate with Xen, but they are heavily outdated and no longer maintained. They may have already been removed from the Ubuntu 14.04 repository as well.

More info on XCP/XAPI can be found here:

http://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/XCP_Overview

http://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/Xen_/XCP/_XAPI_Overview

http://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/Project_Kronos aims to provide the ability to install the XAPI toolstack onto a pre-existing OS deployment

Hope this helps


How can I wake up my computer from suspend?

Firstly

Please do be careful, you are tampering with the bootloader. Make sure your data is backuped.

First try the setting

Reboot your pc, boot into grub, highlight Ubuntu , press e too edit the boot parameters, and   add the parameter specified bellow after line that says quiet splash $vt_handoff to try if it works.

acpi_osi=Linux

To use it permanently run in terminal:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

change the parameter on this line

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""

to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="acpi_osi=Linux"

and udapte the bootloader:

sudo update-grub


The /boot partition in my server is full, how can I re-size it without re-installing the whole system?

You will need to unmount the partition, shrink the filesystem with resize2fs, and then use either fdisk or parted to delete and recreate the partition with a smaller size.  Make sure you use units of sectors when partitioning.  You put fdisk into sector mode with the u command, and parted with the unit s command.  Make sure to recreate the partition with the same starting sector, and enough length to cover the size you shrank the filesystem to with resize2fs.  Round up to avoid making it too small.


SSH keeps getting stuck during connection

Nevermind, I found out that the problem was in the network, it was blocking any and all ssh connections in and out. I am still surprised that ssh could not detect that and instead tried to connect forever, not even timing out.


It's definitely no hardware problem.
Problem solved, as result of a Audicity software-update, the default option for input ¨Front-microphone 0¨ was chosen. I changed this to ¨Input Line 0¨ and the problem was solved. Thanks for your support anyhow. Regards, Jan. –


Getting Ubuntu to remember settings for Twitch TV

Adjust the privacy settings in your browser to allow Twitch TV to store cookies on your system. Problem solved.


looking for an email application to manage multiple emails accounts

Thunderbird can manage multiple accounts and therefor covers your task.

Regarding your question:

Emails to foo@bar.com are replied using foo@bar.com
Emails to blub@ueber.org are replied using blub@ueber.org

You can for sure define other reply-to addresses for each account if needed, but that isn't what you are asking for.

Thunderbird can as well handle several identities for a single account, which is another abstraction layer ;)


Why does my machine suddenly not allow the "sudo" command?

I cannot explain why it happened, but I can propose how to solve.

Check if the file /etc/sudoers still exists.

If the answer is no, download the sudo package with

cd
apt-get download sudo

then start in recovery mode, choose to run a root shell from the menu that BusyBox shows, and from command line run

mv /home/ray/sudo*.deb /var/apt/cache/archives/
apt-get purge sudo
apt-get install sudo

where I assumed /home/ray is your home directory.


How do I see all GIT Users from my private git server?

The keys of authorised users are stored in /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys. You can cat this file but you'll only see the keys, not the user names.

Read more details in the Git documentation.


From Pygame wiki:

  Does Pygame work with Python 3?

  Yes. Pygame 1.9.2 supports Python 3.2 and up. Only the orphaned _movie module (not built by default) does not.

However, there seems no pre-packaged Pygame packages for Python 3 in Ubuntu repositories, at least as of 14.04.

I would suggest you to get the source packages from the pygame website and install it locally into a virtualenv or buildout. Globally installing python modules in evil anyway :) Here are the instructions: http://www.pygame.org/wiki/CompileUbuntu

Alternatively you can try this PPA: https://launchpad.net/~thopiekar/+archive/ubuntu/pygame


Run
rm ~/.cache/software-center -R

and then : open the terminal hit Alt-F2 run the following command unity --reset


$ sudo lshw -C disk
  *-disk
       …
  *-cdrom
       description: DVD-RAM writer
       product: DVDRAM GT50N
       vendor: HL-DT-ST
       physical id: 0.0.0
       bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0
       logical name: /dev/sr0
       version: LT20
       capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
       configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc
  *-disk
       …

That's how it should look like. Your device should be named /dev/sr0 or something similar if you have more than one optical drive. /dev/cdrom and /dev/dvdrom were symbolic links to /dev/sr0, they don't have to exist and appear to not be generated anymore.

If you actually have an optical disk drive connected to the computer then it's not detected by Ubuntu and you need to investigate why. Ensure that the drive is properly connected (USB? SATA?) and that there is enough power provided to operate the drive (some USB ports and some drives don't play well). You may find hints in dmesg.

If the device is operational it should also show up in lsblk and in /dev. /dev/disk/by-path is probably the most useful representation when you're troubleshooting hardware issues.

$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
…
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom
…

$ ll /dev/disk/by-path/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 280 Nov 16 10:36 ./
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 160 Nov 16 11:01 ../
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   9 Nov 16 11:01 pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-1 -> ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 Nov 16 11:01 pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-1-part1 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 Nov 16 11:01 pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-1-part2 -> ../../sda2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 Nov 16 11:01 pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-1-part3 -> ../../sda3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 Nov 16 11:01 pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-1-part4 -> ../../sda4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 Nov 16 10:25 pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-1-part5 -> ../../sda5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 Nov 16 10:19 pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-1-part6 -> ../../sda6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   9 Nov 27 09:10 pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-2 -> ../../sr0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   9 Nov 16 11:01 pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-3 -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 Nov 16 11:01 pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-3-part1 -> ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 Nov 16 11:01 pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-3-part2 -> ../../sdb2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 Nov 16 11:01 pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-3-part3 -> ../../sdb3


I believe the fixes are in the latest Ubuntu kernels, to install
sudo apt-get install linux-generic-hwe-16.04-edge
Reboot

There have been issues in the past with this chipset and wifi power management but they seem to have been fixed recently


Is 55°C a Safe Temperature for a Acer Aspire One D255?

No, 55°C is not dangerous. While the specific limit temperatures will depend on your hardware, the output you show states that the critical temperature is 100°C. Since you are at approximately half that, I wouldn't worry about it.

Note that this does not apply across the board. Just in this particular case where you know the critical temperature. Anyway, 55 is low for just about anything, I don't think there is any component that will have issues with such a low temperature.


Apt-get fails to install any software since latest update

I see that you have already solved your issue. This is just for others searching for answers to their similar problem in a proper answer form.
I have had this same issue when playing around with drivers. To solve it, I did the following:

Open a terminal

Run sudo apt-get purge nvidia-331. This wont't work, but take note of the process id it mentions when it complains:
userdel: user nvidia-persistenced is currently used by process 1612

Run sudo kill [process_id] to kill the process mentioned above. Note that your process id will most certainly differ, don't use the one above!

Then re-run sudo apt-get purge nvidia-331

It should now work.


Tested on Ubuntu 14.04.2 64-bit.

Installing mono from Terminal:

sudo apt-get install mono-complete

Download the portable version from https://github.com/SubtitleEdit/subtitleedit/releases.

Unzip the downloaded file and double click SubtitleEdit.exe.

Unlike other subtitle editors Subtitle Edit supports WebVTT (.vtt) files.


No, to connect via ssh you need a ssh server, and ssh is command line only.

I tried starting a desktop environment via ssh. It didn't worked.


Route traffic beetween LAN / WAN interface

Found the soulution by myself.

eth0 = WAN
eth1 = LAN

Enable ip forwarding in kernel:

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Adding iptables rules for nat:

iptables --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface eth0 -j MASQUERADE
iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface eth1 -j ACCEPT

& restart your network :-)


From the original author

Ok these guys had the solution. The network adapter was in deep sleep, so I had to unplugged the power cable and took out battery which resets the motherboard - and the network device.

Not really much of a solution, however that seems to have fixed it for the author


How do I get package update notifications on login?

There probably are simply no updates available for installation. I recommend checking:

sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

(Please note that it is possible that there are updates available, but that they only recently became available, and were not seen before running sudo apt-get update. If you want to know for sure if the reason you're not being notified of updates is because there are none available, then you should run sudo apt-get upgrade or sudo apt-get dist-upgrade before running sudo apt-get update. But it's advisable to then cancel rather than accepting the updates--if there are any--and run sudo apt-get update before actually updating.)


It was removed from the repository due to relying on Python 2 which reached End-of-Life at the start of 2020. You can install Zenmap manually from 19.10 repository:
mkdir -p ~/Downloads/zenmap
cd ~/Downloads/zenmap

wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pygtk/python-gtk2_2.24.0-6_amd64.deb
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/n/nmap/zenmap_7.80+dfsg1-1build1_all.deb

sudo apt install ./*.deb

and enjoy.

Note: I have filed bug-report launchpad as https://pad.lv/1876269 with packaging request.
The GitHub issue tracker for porting Zenmap to Python 3 can be found here.


Dual external monitors with 2 dual-mode DisplayPort ports

The "DP2 disconnected" message point to deeper problem..

and after a short search I have to say, that most probably it is a bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-video-intel/+bug/1104230
If this is your case, you can monitor the issue and use daily kernel build after the issue is fixed and use solution #3 bellow until the issue is fixed.

Another reason could be, that monitor on DP2 is not sending correct EDID info. Try to diagnose this by swapping the monitors physically. After that it should say "DP1 disconnected".
If this helps, let us know, and you can probably succeed with xrandr --addmode commands. but be ready to weird behaviour after you undock the computer, because things will not go automatically and you should always switch display off before you undock/unplug.

Another solution for you could be to simply use another output RGB, DVI or HDMI as the second monitor, depend on what is available on your docking station.
Understand that this is not a solution you are serching for, but most probably will work even after the issue #1 is fixed.

There is some helpless discussion on Intel pages with an Intel staff on that issue, but without any conclusion: https://communities.intel.com/thread/51364?start=0&tstart=0


apt-get raises /usr/bin/test: Permission denied

As you deleted the file we cannot diagnose the problem now.

Please get the file that you deleted back by reinstalling the package that contains it:

sudo apt install --reinstall coreutils

If the original issue was caused by wrong permissions on /usr/bin/test this command will solve your problem as well.


How do you change thunderbird temporary file storage?

I have a workaround: Thunderbird uses the standard environment variable $TMP by default to determine where to store temporary files. It also uses this folder when you select to "Open" a mail attachment.

Therefore I have simply made a simple script to set this environment variable before launching thunderbird. I have modified my thunderbird shortcuts to use this script.

#!/bin/sh
export TMP=/media/truecrypt1/scratch
nohup thunderbird &

I would still be interested if anyone else has a more elegant solution; perhaps one that only affects the storage location of "Opened" attachments.


No, Ther application servers (like: LAMP, or others) will not  be affected if you will configure LDAP server.


Why is the Apache2 module not in the mods-available library?

Are you try a2enmod php7.0 ? Probably it's the correct version to use under Php7.4


Use dconf-editor: (if you don't have it in your system, install it with: sudo apt-get install dconf-tools)

Navigate to: com > canonical > indicator > datetime

Change time-format to custom
Enter to the custom-time-format the preferred layout (ex. %d-%m-%Y %l:%M %p) according to the strftime's syntax.

Close dconf-editor, and you are done!

" The format of the time and/or date that is visible on the panel when using
              the indicator.  For most users this will be a set of predefined values as
              determined by the configuration utility, but advanced users can change it
              to anything strftime can accept.  Look at the man page on strftime for
              more information."


You can easily use the hack double Tab

once you run :

sudo service wo

then double Tab this would automcplete or list all services startting with wo

you can still use grep if your terminal support colors

for example here is a test for my services:

 service --status-all | grep vnstat


You may want to ensure you're using the correct password; did you save your password on your windows browsers?  Have you changed it?

Another possibility is that your system's clock may not be properly set.  If you're dual booting, you may have told Ubuntu you're using UTC time, when the system clock is actually set to your local time zone.  This makes it impossible to create a secure internet connection (SSL connection) because the timestamps on the network traffic will be too far apart.

So:
1) Check that the password is correct.
2) Check your system time is correct.


Installing Ubuntu after formatting a laptop (Win8 pre-installed) with Uefi/Legacy boot

An I/O error during installation reeks of a hardware problem. You might want to try doing a SMART test on the disk, reseat or replace cables, etc.

As a side note, if you want to set up a dual-boot Windows/Linux configuration, you should not install Linux in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. With Windows 8 pre-installed, it's almost certainly in EFI mode, and switching boot modes is awkward with most computers. Instead, install Linux in EFI mode, which is likely to be easier to get working.