Where does mozilla store my personal certifications and how safe are they?

Those are stored in a sqlite database in files names cert8.db and key3.db inside your home folder in a hidden directory .mozilla/firefox/*.default/. And it is very safe.

Is it done via passwords and keys applications?

It uses public and private key pairs. You can read more about public-key cryptography standards here. Mozilla uses PKCS #11 (also known as "Cryptoki". An API defining a generic interface to cryptographic tokens (see also Hardware Security Module). Often used in single sign-on, Public-key cryptography and disk encryption[10] systems).
I do not believe these 2 are possible(?) No proof but I can not seem to find any method for this.

Also what are my options to store the certificate on a USB stick and use it with mozilla when accessing bank?
How do I achieve this if the bank page requires the personal certificate to be imported into a browser to access their page?


How to make a sound once a process is complete?

I use

make; spd-say done

Replace "make" with whatever long-running command you use.


Ok, so I'm still not exactly sure whats going on... but I got the guest account to work with file and folder permissions set to 755.

To get it working, I had to do smbpassswd -a nobody (with no password). This still doesn't really make sense as if samba needs this account in its own database, then it shouldn't even be able to read the directory in the first place (before the user was added)?


Email links don't automatically switch to Opera

Run the command below in a terminal:

sudo update-alternatives --config x-www-browser

and select /usr/bin/opera

Example

% sudo update-alternatives --config x-www-browser
There are 3 choices for the alternative x-www-browser (providing /usr/bin/x-www-browser).

  Selection    Path                         Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
  0            /usr/bin/google-chrome-beta   150       auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/firefox              40        manual mode
* 2            /usr/bin/google-chrome-beta   150       manual mode
  3            /usr/bin/opera                120       manual mode

Check the default applications your system settings:

System Settings > Details > Default Applications

and select Opera


Caught in login loop after upgrading to Ubuntu 14.04, can't login to the root either

I had a similar issue and resolved it by doing this:

It's not just F3 but it is Ctrl+Alt+F3 and login into the shell. Also, I've seen laptops that have the behavior of the FN and F buttons reversed, meaning that you have to press the FN button to actually press the F key. I have no idea why but the N5010 is such a model.

Assuming we get that far, run

ls -lah

If in the output the line is along these lines:

-rw-------  1 root root   53 Nov 29 10:19 .Xauthority

then you need to do

chown username:username .Xauthority

and try logging in.

Else, do

ls -ld /tmp

Check for the first 10 letters in the left: they should read exactly so: drwxrwxrwt.

drwxrwxrwt 15 root root 4096 Nov 30 04:17 /tmp

Else, you need to do

sudo chmod a+wt /tmp

and check again.

If not both, I'd recommend you either

dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

or uninstall, reinstall it.
Now press Alt+-> until you reach the login screen again, and restart.

Please note that this was not my solution. I found the answer at this site in a post such as this one:

Ubuntu stuck on login screen

I'm unable to find the exact post that I initially found but this one is similar/close enough and I'd saved the information just to be able to it again if I needed it.


black screen after do sudo alsa force-reload

The solution:

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx*
sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-radeon
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-core libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri
sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf.o* /etc/X11/xorg.conf.0* /etc/X11/xorg.conf.f*
sudo rm -rf /etc/ati
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop


Strictly speaking I do not think you can - apps are published from a single account. There is a field for "Company name" though.
http://developer.ubuntu.com/apps/
That would depend on your local regulations. In most countries, people who want to trade together as a single entity will form a legal partnership or limited company.
I am not aware of an Ubuntu Partner programme for academic establishments.


Opening text files with emacsclient by default

You will need to add the association with text files via xdg-mime as well:

xdg-mime default emacsclient.desktop text/plain

Also, make sure you've started the Emacs server via the command  M-x server-start.


When you use the Host-Only network on VirtualBox (or VMware), you're basically isolating your virtual machines into a same network that is inaccessible from other networks (because a Host-Only network doesn't have a gateway). So, to be able to do a routing between networks, you'll need to use the NAT network. This type of network is separated from your real network but it can still be routed because it's on the routing table of your computer. Think of a NAT network as a Host-Only that can be routed from your own computer.

As you can see, the Host-Only network can't be reached directly from your host, but the NAT network VMs can be routed to your host.

Once you've put your VM on NAT, make sure you've put a gateway in /etc/network/interfaces. For example:

 auto enp0s8
    iface enp0s8 inet static
        address 192.168.56.101
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        gateway 192.168.56.1

(Image source: https://www.eandbsoftware.org/networking-between-host-and-guest-vms-host-only-networking-with-virtualbox/)


ubuntu 16.04 startup blackscreen problem

You can try to set the nomodeset parameter. You can also try acpi = off and nolapic if nomodset also shows up as a black screen.
Have a read here, this should definitely fix your problem.


Your remount line is incorrect: you need to replace the first entry with the source rather than the destination and (I think) repeat the bind option:

/mnt/raidarray    /export/raid    none    remount,bind,ro  0   0

See this related U&L Q&A Why doesn't mount respect the read only option for bind mounts?

For example, in /etc/fstab

192.168.1.127:/c/public /mnt/nas/public nfs defaults    0   0
/mnt/nas/public /mnt/nas/public-ro  none    bind        0   0
/mnt/nas/public /mnt/nas/public-ro  none    remount,bind,ro 0   0

then

$ sudo mount -a
$
$ grep nas /etc/mtab
192.168.1.127:/c/public /mnt/nas/public nfs rw,addr=192.168.1.127 0 0
/mnt/nas/public /mnt/nas/public-ro none ro,bind 0 0

And just to be sure

$ touch /mnt/nas/public/newfile
$
$ touch /mnt/nas/public-ro/newfile
touch: cannot touch ‘/mnt/nas/public-ro/newfile’: Read-only file system


I'm assuming that "no incoming data" means: tcpdump is not printing any line. Therefore we have to start a 30 minute timer and reset it whenever tcpdump prints a line.

Starting it is fairly simple:

sleep 30m && poweroff

How do we reset it? Simple: we kill sleep and restart it.

How do we detect new lines from tcpdump? A good old while read -r loop.

Putting everything together:

#!/bin/bash

set -e

shutdown-timer() {
    # Waits 30 minutes and shuts down the computer.
    sleep 30m && poweroff
}

reset-timer() {
    # Kills 'shutdown-timer' (if it's running) and
    # restarts it, saving its PID in 'timerpid'.
    if [[ -n "$timerpid" ]]
    then
        kill "$timerpid" || true
    fi
    shutdown-timer &
    timerpid="$!"
}

# Start the timer for the first time.
reset-timer

tcpdump | while read -r line
do
    # A new packet was sent or received.
    reset-timer
done

Note that there might be disturbing packets every now and then. For example you might have configured APT to check for updates every 5 minutes. This will prevent the computer from shutting down, because the timer would be reset every 5 minutes.

If you need, you can filter the output of tcpdump using grep or whatever tool, like this:

tcpdump | grep -v archive.ubuntu.com | while read -r line


gnome-terminal not working over X11 (Ubuntu 14.04)

I am using lxterminal since many years. It belongs to LXDE (which is the desktop environment of Lubuntu). I checked quickly in a live system of standard Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS. You have two choices, to install with or without the recommended packages.

sudo apt-get install lxterminal
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends lxterminal

With and without the recommended packages it will add 2.5 MB to standard Ubuntu. I think things will continue to work :-)


I just installed xampp on ubuntu 14.04, mysql is not starting in control panel

First of all run these two commands

sudo service mysql stop
sudo /opt/lampp/lampp restart

If that doesn't solve your problem than run following command in terminal one at a time

sudo chmod -R 777 /opt/lampp
sudo chown -hR nobody /opt/lampp
sudo chmod -R 755 /opt/lampp

Than start server and you will be good to go


Does the auth.log changes when I update?

Look at what has changed in the log file:  sudo tail /var/log/auth.log - it is just a text file, after, all.


Will I lose the installed software on Ubuntu 15.10 if I upgrade to 16.04

If you upgrade using any of the in-built Ubuntu mechanisms then please follow this answer. Using these methods Ubuntu will download all the packages for you and then, upgrade your system. So, you will not loose any installed softwares. But keep in mind that this method is a bit risky, as it has been seen that many a times upgrades fail, leaving the system in an non-usable state.

If you are aiming for a clean install, then follow the below instructions. In this method you will loose all your installed softwares.

When apt-get downloads the packages for installation, it downloads those in the directory /var/cache/apt/archives/. So, until and unless you have manually deleted those files, they should be there. Copy those files from those directory and install them onto your new system:

cd /path/to/the/debs && sudo dpkg -i *.deb

BUT REMEMBER THAT THOSE PACKAGES MIGHT BREAK SOME OF YOUR PACKAGES IN 16.04 AS BECAUSE NEWER VERSIONS OF THESE PACKAGES MIGHT BE NEEDED IN XENIAL AND YOU ARE DELIBERATELY INSTALLING THE OLDER VEDRSIONS.

P.S.:- There are some very good softwares that helps an Ubuntu user in upgrading from one  version of Ubuntu to other such as Aptik, etc. These softwares make a list of your installed softwares so that you don't have to manually download them again. Just run the software and it will download and install them for you.


bash: cd: linux: No such file or directory when installing zen kernel

As you have a different zen kernel version to the instructions, your soft link has been created to point to the wrong location. First delete the  'hanging' soft link:

cd /usr/src
rm linux

So long as you have unzipped the .zip file to /home/mateotabeira/Téléchargements/zen-kernel-4.7-master the following command should work while you are in /usr/src:

ln -s /home/mateotabeira/Téléchargements/zen-kernel-4.7-master linux

Check that the soft link is correct with:

ls -lh linux

The output should show  a line with something like:

lrwxrwx 1 mateo mateo Sep 12 14:49 linux -> /home/mateotabeira/Téléchargements/zen-kernel-4.7-master

Now your cd command should work.


Monitor everything goes in and out of my machine

There are a lot of tools and different ways to do this. a lot of utilities like: wireshark, netstat, nmap, iptraf, ss, or even lsof. different firewalls, audit and monitoring tools can help you to achieve this purpose.

It's basically up to you what you want to achieve, what process, or kind of traffic want to monitor etc.

wireshark

To install:

sudo apt-get install wireshark

Then it will ask you if you want to be able to use wireshark as a normal user, say yes and add yourself to wireshark group:

sudo gpasswd -a username wireshark

logout and login, you are ready to use wireshark. just run it select your desired interface ex: enp0s3 and click on start capturing, you can also do a double click on interface name. now you are able to see all the traffic going out/in throughout that interface.

You can apply filter for specific traffic type.

there are a lot of  ways to apply filters, e.g: type in: http press enter. now you will see all http traffics. or ip.src == 1.2.3.4 to specify source, or ip.dst for destination. You also have access to expression builder, for creating complex expression to filter out your desired traffic type.

Iptables logging

You can turn on logging in iptables:

sudo iptables -A INPUT -j LOG
sudo iptables -A OUPUT -j LOG

Then using diffrent log managers you can watch what's going on, remember that it's going to create really huge log files, because it's going to log everything!

The better solution is to only log specific traffic which you are concern about, ex:

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 53 -j LOG

Which logs incoming packets using TCP protocol at port 53.

netstat

You can do alot with this tool, if you want to see which ports are listening on:

netstat -tulnp

-t: tcp, -u: udp, -n: use number instead of names, -l: listening, -p: to know what process is listening on these ports.

Add the grep to to magical stuff with netstat.

sudo netstat -ul | grep 53

ss

ss is similar to netstat with a lot of cool options. if I want to list TCP connections from my network 192.168.1.0/24 to 151.101.1.69 (which is askubuntu IP), with destination port of 80 or 443, I can run:

ss -nt '( dport = :80 or dport = :443 )' src 192.168.1.0/24 dst 151.101.1.69

or I can see what connection has been made by python process:

ss -ap | grep python

nmap

with nmap I can scan a computer or network, scanning my own interface from port 80 to 800 (for open ports):

nmap 192.168.0.1 -p 80-800

Let's say my 80 port was open, I can use -sV switch to find out which service with what version is running at that port:

$ nmap 192.168.1.1 -p 80 -sV
PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open  http    Apache2


internal error: cannot load AppArmor profile 'libvirt-

I had to uninstall apparmor competely followed by a reinstall of apparmor to make it work.


How can I get the Android Ubuntu One Music app to eagerly cache everything locally?

Long press an artist and select Save all. You can also do that on a per-album basis. Sadly, there's no 'fill up cache' / 'download as much as you can' option, so you would have to do that for each artist. You either need to indicate you want to download music, or just listen to it, while it gets opportunistically cached. I hope this helps.


The launchpad discussion (linked below) has several suggestions you may find work for you.  Assuming your cause is the same, it is suspected that swap and/or systemd are the issue.  Try these possible fixes:

sudo systemctl reboot

(works occasionally for me, but not 100% of the time)

sudo swapoff -a

or even a combination of the two

sudo swapoff -a && sudo systemctl reboot

Though, when I tested this, the swapoff part took > 10 mins anyway.  For shutdown, replace 'reboot' with 'poweroff.'

As a side note, I have had this same issue on my PC from Ubuntu 15.04 through the current 16.04.  It is possibly connected to how long the computer has been in use.  If it's been on a while, it will take a really long time to shut down or reboot (10 mins or more on a black screen or screen with a cursor).

I have found this issue reported a few places that you may find helpful:

15.04 laptop won't shutdown

Extended discussion on Launchpad


Problems uninstalling Ubuntu (Bios keeps showing it?)

As the  first step boot into live disk:

Then install efibootmgr:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install efibootmgr

Then load the kernel efivars module:

sudo modprobe efivars

Then run sudo efibootmgr to check your boot entries. It will return something like this:

BootCurrent: 0001
Timeout: 1 seconds
BootOrder: 0001,0000,0004,0002,0003
Boot0000* Windows Boot Manager
Boot0001* ubuntu
Boot0002* Hard Drive
Boot0003* CD/DVD Drive
Boot0004* ubuntu

Then delete which you don't want to be shown in BIOS.

So for example we want to remove Ubuntu from BootOrder. So run this commands (in my example Ubuntu is refer to 1 and 4 boot order but you must to replace this numbers with your own):

sudo efibootmgr -b 1 -B
sudo efibootmgr -b 4 -B

Then you should also delete the ubuntu subdirectory in the EFI partition to prevent the UEFI firmware from restoring the entry into the BootOrder.

To do that, first find your EFI partition. So run this command:

sudo fdisk -l

(The EFI partition has EFI System under the Type column.)

For example in my case /dev/sda2 is EFI partition :

/dev/sda1        2048     923647     921600   450M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2      923648    1128447     204800   100M EFI System
/dev/sda3     1128448    1161215      32768    16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda4     1161216  425428991  424267776 202.3G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda5   425428992 1347025381  921596390 439.5G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda6  1347026944 1395853311   48826368  23.3G Linux swap
/dev/sda7  2166228992 3907025693 1740796702 830.1G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda8  1395853312 2166228991  770375680 367.4G Linux filesystem

So mount EFI partition on an empty folder anywhere.

    sudo mkdir /mnt/boot
    sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot

Now find the directory Ubuntu or any other distro's name in this partition. It is mostly under efi/ubuntu.

Remove that directory and its contents by commands like this:

cd /mnt/boot/efi/
sudo rm -r ubuntu


Can't format / delete locked partition from gparted?

If it's an LVM partition, you will need to deactivate it using the command lvremove which will remove the lock.
Only then can you delete the partition using gparted.

Use lvscan to view the volume.

Use lvremove to remove it.

Check man pages man lvscan and man lvremove for details.


the problem is Secure Boot. It blocks some files from being installed properly.
You don't have to disable it though. Go to 'Software & Updates' -> 'Additional Drivers' and enable the open source 'X.Org X Server...' driver (temporary). then purge the Nvidia driver.

sudo apt purge nvidia*

make sure that it is gone

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt autoremove

Go back to 'Software & Updates' and reselect the Nvidia driver.
it will ask you to set up a Secure Boot password. do that.
Apply and restart.

Before you got booted into the log in screen there will a blue screen with  'press any key to perform MOK management', do that. Choose 'enrol key from disk', put in you password. Then navigate your way out (I forgot what happened next, but it is very simple). Reboot ... and check if it works.


executing grub install dev nvme0n1 failed this is a fatal error uefi

Have you tried from the Bios menu, changing on the boot options, priority Ubuntu or different ssd options?
Also, is your usb ubuntu live written for both (UEFI and Legcy)?


If Kubuntu is based on Ubuntu, then why does its installation give me problems?

Fewer developers work on the Kubuntu desktop than on the Ubuntu desktop, so sometimes polish such as "make it automatically open the hardware drivers window if needed" doesn't get done for both. The ability to install those drivers by opening the tool through the menu is still there.

As to sound, KDE has an additional sound layer on top of the Pulse Audio that Ubuntu and Kubuntu both include. Check your Multimedia settings in System Settings to be sure it's setup to go through Pulse Audio.


Open terminal and type in:

sudo apt-get purge google-earth-stable
sudo apt-get autoremove

Also, remember that you can reopen the same .deb file that you used to install said package, and it will open Software Center, and it should say "Uninstall" instead of the normal "Install".


Cannot upgrade rsync following distribution upgrade to 20.04LTS

Here may occur two problems - rsync archive corruption and/or corruption of /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/md5sums structure.
To fix the problems use the commands below:
sudo apt-get clean
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/md5sums

sudo apt-get upgrade


How can I wipe my Ultrabook that is running 11.10 (No CD Drive, just USB)

You can just make a bootable usb with the downloaded linux Ubuntu iso image and then boot it.

Click on Try Ubuntu instead of install ubuntu.

You will enter the LIVE UBUNTU version(not installed.just running live for you to experience ubuntu)

In the menu there,start Gparted and format the drive using Gparted.

then you can install with the install ubuntu icon in the launcher


Déjà Dup backup to Ubuntu One fails with the error "backup location too small", but only 1.9 GB has been used in my backups on Ubuntu one

You could delete all of the old backups except one of them. That way, they don't need to take up unnecessary space, but you still have one in case the next one fails.


Windows xp able to ping ubuntu but not vice versa

The machines are in different networks, change the connection type of Windows XP virtual machine to bridge connection like you did with the Ubuntu one. Then change Windows XP virtual machine ip setting an address in the same subnet of the ubuntu ip address, like for example 192.168.1.149 netmask 255.255.255.0.
When you set NAT in network connection type then your virtual machine will not be reachable from the external unless you do an appropriate port forward for the NATed machine: Configuring port forwarding with NAT


Ubuntu 16.04 "Your authentication attempt was unsuccessful"

Add the user to netdev group:

sudo adduser "$USER" netdev

Log out and back in to apply the changes.
Reload dbus:

/etc/init.d/dbus reload


I have just done two Rails 3 installs on Ubuntu 12.04. If you want to try the procedure in 12.10 the link to the page is

http://polyoperable.cmready.com/?p=300

The blog writer seemed to know what he was talking about as both installs were without a hitch.

Good luck and let us know,
Bernie


In my opinion it should be safe. The way that apt-get works is as follows:

when you do apt-get install , it will automatically resolves all dependencies and install all extra packages that are necessary to install .
however, when you remove , all of the automatically installed dependent packages are left on the system, which is what you see above. apt-get "knows" that these were installed due to autoresolve, which is why it tells you that you can free up space. But it does not do it automatically, because if you are a software developer you might have used some of them in your development. Or if you installed something manually (e.g., from a tarball or something) not using apt-get, some of these might still be necessary, but apt-get does not know about it.
if you have not done any of the above, then apt-get autoremove should be safe. Of course, as with any software, things might go south, but at least I have not had problems with autoremove in my experience. It would be interesting to know what was the "catastrophe" that you experienced the previous time.

BTW, in the future you might want to use "apt-get autoremove " instead of "apt-get remove " as it should automatically remove the package and its dependencies.


Here is a howto on resizing with Windows 7 using Disk Management.

There probably is a way with Ubuntu I just found that easier.


ubuntu 13.04 brightness problem on laptop

I had the same issue but have solved this by doing the following steps:

First, check your brightness operator by using the following command:

ls /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness this will output like:
/sys/class/backlight/dell_backlight/brightness
/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness(in my case).
Next, check your current brightness by using the following command:

cat /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

(replace intel_backlight to your backlight operator that was output in above command).this will output like455.
Now, check for maximum brightness:

cat /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/max_brightness
this will output like 4882
Now, your brightness could be from 0 to 4882 and  you can adjust it by using the following command:

echo 450 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness.
(I have done it for saving my brightness 450).


It moves up to the tray in the top right corner, you can click on the icon and click "exit".


Terminal method

hdparm is a good place to start.

sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sda

/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   12540 MB in  2.00 seconds = 6277.67 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 234 MB in  3.00 seconds =  77.98 MB/sec

sudo hdparm -v /dev/sda will give information as well.

dd will give you information on write speed.

If the drive doesn't have a file system (and only then), use of=/dev/sda.

Otherwise, mount it on /tmp and write then delete the test output file.

dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/output bs=8k count=10k; rm -f /tmp/output

10240+0 records in
10240+0 records out
83886080 bytes (84 MB) copied, 1.08009 s, 77.7 MB/s

Graphical method

Go to  System -> Administration -> Disk Utility.

Alternatively, launch the Gnome disk utility from the command line by running  gnome-disks

Select your hard disk at left pane.
Now click “Benchmark – Measure Drive Performance” button in right pane.
A new window with charts opens.You will find and two buttons. One is for “Start Read Only Benchmark” and another one is “Start Read/Write Benchmark”. When you click on anyone button it starts benchmarking of hard disk.

How to benchmark disk I/O

Article

Is there something more you want?


I don't even know where to begin... [Installing Node]

Installing node is well documented on the NodeJS site.

Basic installation for version 7.x (that you're attempting):

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_7.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

If you need to compile your own addons, you will also need to run:

sudo apt-get install -y build-essential

I hope that helps!

Source: https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/#debian-and-ubuntu-based-linux-distributions


Open Source Command Line Tools to Remove Hyperlinks in PDFs?

A simple step to remove all the hyper links from a PDF is by printing, that is by choosing print to file option.
but this process doesn't remove the highlight of the hyper link.
hope this helps


Use the following command
sudo apt-get install update-manager-core

sudo do-release-upgrade

or try this

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/upgrade


Unity removed after installing KDE SC 4.10

You can try:

$sudo dpkg --configure -a

And after:

$sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

But in my experiences install KDE with Unity don't work...

Sorry for my english, i'm learning.


How do I uninstall a software that was not installed using the Ubuntu Software Center?

The Software Center is basically a front-end for the apt package manager. So, if you install a package using apt in the terminal or synaptics (which is also a graphical interface for apt), you'll also find this in the USC and can uninstall it there. It may happen that you have to click on the bottom line "also show technical packages" (or similar) when searching for something for some programs to appear in the USC.

If you install software that does not come as a .deb package but as a script (install.sh for example), hopefully the script also sets up a new script (mostly called uninstall.sh) that will uninstall this software. I think the ATI graphics driver from the ATI website does (or did) that.

Note that the second way requires you to trust that the developer set up the install and uninstall script correctly, otherwise it may happen that not all files are removed.

The message of this is: If you can, use your package manager to install software. This means in the case of Ubuntu, use .deb files, the USC/Synaptics or apt itself. You can even mix them the way you want. They all are built on top of apt, which is the important thing here.


Install CompizConfig
Settings Manager:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
Launch it by searching from the dash
in Unity, or Preferences →
CompizConfig Settings Manager in
Ubuntu Classic.
Navigate to the Gnome
Compatibility tab.

Make sure Run Dialog is set to
Alt+F2, and not disabled.


Go to your BIOS and disable the NVIDIA GPU. For Lenovo, change from Optimus to UMA.


What happened to the quick desktop button?

Use the Super+ D combination. Ik acts as the 'Show Desktop' in 10.10.  To restore your desktop hit the Super+ D again


Normally I use the command below in the terminal:

sudo killall -9 linphone

I do not know if there are a better solution, but this works for me.


Dell Inspiron 5220 Screen Brightness buttons

If your willing to use a bit of a hack, this might work.

My Dell Inspiron had the exact same problem, so I came up with this little python script and a couple of minor changes.

I'm not sure how universal it is, but my computer has a file called "brightness" in the path "/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight" which this script depends on. If that is not present then this solution will likely not work.

Assuming that is there, the next step is to give ourselves permission to write to it. We'll add this line to "/etc/rc.local" so that it is executed at startup automatically. I used nano to edit it. Gedit doesn't seem to work. So in the terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T):

$ sudo nano /etc/rc.local

Add this line before exit 0:

chmod 666 /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

If you want to be able to test this without a reboot, you can run that same command now as root:

sudo chmod 666 /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

Now we, as a normal user can change the brightness through that file. But instead of editing that file for each brightness change, let's use a simple python script:

#!/usr/bin/env python

from sys import argv

import os

PATH = "/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight"        # You shouldn't have to change this,
                                                     # if you need to and you know what
                                                     # you're doing, go ahead.

def getMax():
    maxFile = open(os.path.join(PATH, "max_brightness"))
    ret = int(maxFile.readline())
    maxFile.close()

    return ret

MAX = getMax()
MIN = 200                # You can change 200. My 0 was literally black (I could not see
                         # the screen), so play around with that.

INC = (MAX-MIN)/8        # You can change 8. It is approximately how many times you have
                         # to change the brightness before it goes from MAX to MIN, or
                         # vice versa.

def getCurrentBrightness():
    curBrightnessFile = open(os.path.join(PATH, "brightness"))
    return int(curBrightnessFile.readline())

def setBrightness(newValue):
    brightnessFile = open(os.path.join(PATH, "brightness"), "w")

    brightnessFile.write(str(newValue))

    brightnessFile.close()

def up(increment = INC):
    change(increment)

def down(decrement = INC):
    change(-decrement)

def change(increment):
    curBrightness = getCurrentBrightness()

    newBrightness = constrain(curBrightness + increment)

    setBrightness(newBrightness)

def constrain(value):
    if value >= MAX: print "MAX"
    if value

Now, copy that code into a file and save it wherever you like. You can end the name in ".py" as is the python tradition, but it is not required. Now make it executable. Either you can find it in Files, right click on it, click properties, click the permissions tab in the top, and make sure "Allow executing file as a program" is checked. Or you can navigate to it in the terminal and run this:

$ chmod +x /Path/to/file.py

Next, copy the path to the file, or remember it; make sure you have it. Go to "System Settings" > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts".
Click the "+" button in the bottom. For the name you can put "Brighten Screen". For command, put the path to the python script. If there are spaces in the path, surround it in quotes. After the path (outside of the quotes) put a space, and then "up".

"/path to/the/python script.py" up

Do this again, but use "Dim Screen" for the name, and use "down" instead of "up".

"/path to/the/python script.py" down

If you click on the "Disabled" label to the right, you can assign keyboard shortcuts to these commands. I tried the original Fn keys, but they did not seem to work, so I used <Alt-Up> and <Alt-Down> instead. This can also be run from the terminal by executing the file, but the keyboard shortcuts make a lot more sense, and are much more like the original Fn keys.

I put a couple of comments in the code (lines followed by a "#") mentioning numbers you could change to make it work better for you that you might take a look at.

This seems ridiculously complex when I write it out here, but it probably took me two minutes to actually add to my system (plus the python), so I think it should go pretty smoothly.

I hope this helps. Good Luck!


For anyone who comes across this, though synclient has no explicit "NaturalScrolling" option, it has "VertScrollDelta" and "HorizScrollDelta". Simply setting these to negatives values flips the scroll direction: synclient VertScroll=-79, synclient HorizScroll=-79.

So in your i3 config,
exec synclient VertScroll=-79 synclient HorizScroll=-79


Meh, problem solved - there were two identical files for libssl and libcrypto with different names. Removing one of them solved the problem.


Installing Ubuntu while keeping recovery partition

The USB device is not in the list. So you won't format it. It will be recognized as sdb (or sdc)

sda1 is the first partition created by windows to store boot loader there.Let it be as it is.

sda4, I really don't know what it is. Possibly 8GB of hard disk in unused state? You can see in windows by running diskmgmt.msc. You can keep it as it is or create a new 8GB partition or extend lenevo recovery partition by 8GB. (You can't merge the portion to any other partition as it resides after Recovery partition)

Regarding formatting.. here are some simple instruction. Hope this helps (the following considers you are replacing windows with ubuntu, not dual booting. This also delete all data in the C drive, so backup before you do anything),

Choose Something Else when installing ubuntu and selecting where to install it.(As you already did in screenshot)
Select sda2, click delete.
Now you will get a free partition, select that, click on new. Select partition file system as SWAP. Enter the required size. (A SWAP  partition should be 1.5 x Sizeof RAM.) If you have large RAM like 4-6GB, you may skip this part. However, hibernation will not work without swap partition.
Click on rest of the free space, click on new, select file system type as ext4 / ext3 and mount point /
Make sure device for instllaing bootloader is set to sda (your hard disk)
Click on install to install ubuntu on that partition.


Keyboard not working in Grub, Ubuntu 18.04 dual boot with Windows 10

If you have a desktop, try a different USB port on your machine, some of them is bound to work. If not, check your BIOS to see to make sure you have Legacy USB enabled.


Query: Will Ubuntu installation delete my data?

What an installation of Ubuntu does on your computer, is your choice. You determine what happens.

By default, the installer will offer options to either 1) install Ubuntu next to Windows, and 2) use the entire disk. Optie 1) will not delete data, but try to shrink your partition if needed. Option 2 will erase the entire disk. The installer also allows for manual partitioning.

Whatever you do, make sure you have a good and up to date backup of your existing data before doing any change on your computer. There is always a certain risk that something goes wrong. You may never take a risk to loose your personal files. A good backup safeguards you against that.


I had similar problems with minecraft in recent weeks. It wouldn't always start, so I had to kill it a few times before it would work, and it would get slow at connecting to servers.

My solution was installing the Oracle Java 8 runtime.


Anyone knows of the software to go with it, and anyone can be found here.

As you can see, this is a job for WINE.  If you take my advice, rather than install WINE, you will go to the Ubuntu Software Center and install WineTricks.  This way you'll run into fewer problems in the future when you need to install anything that requires WINE.


On ubuntu 14.04 how do you check if TRIM is on for an SSD drive

To see the details for your weekly cron jobs, change directory to /etc/cron.weekly or include it in the command as below:

more /etc/cron.weekly/fstrim

You should see an output which looks something like:

#!/bin/sh
# trim all mounted file systems which support it
/sbin/fstrim --all || true

If this is present trim is active/checked and executed once a week. The help on this command will show you...

fstrim --help

Usage:
 fstrim [options] <mount point>

Options:
 -a, --all           trim all mounted filesystems that are supported
 -o, --offset <num>  the offset in bytes to start discarding from
 -l, --length <num>  the number of bytes to discard
 -m, --minimum <num> the minimum extent length to discard
 -v, --verbose       print number of discarded bytes

 -h, --help     display this help and exit
 -V, --version  output version information and exit

To see if trim is supported (change sda if you have more than 1 disks):

sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep "TRIM supported"

and it should show something similar to this:

*   Data Set Management TRIM supported (limit 8 blocks)


While searching through the this site, I found other people with similar problems.  I first attributed it to gnome-settings-daemon  not starting at the correct time, so I tried the fix listed here:

https://askubuntu.com/a/21901/37438

This did not fix the issue, but if I were to kill/relaunch gnome-settings-daemon then i would get the gnome theme back.

A little more digging, and web searching led me to remove my .config/monitors.xml file, due to a message on login that my monitors configuration was not being properly set.

I removed the xml file and everything works fine now.  No more default gnome icons :D

https://askubuntu.com/a/65538/37438


Cannot rename files or folders in Nautilus

It seems like this may be a bug in Nautilus, you may need to use the terminal  to rename files for the time being until this bug gets fixed. This also could be a file permission issue.

Open up a terminal window and type in the following command to view the folder permissions:

cd temp && ll

Once you have done this, type in the following command (keep in mind you will need super user privileges for this, and NewFolderName would be the new name of the folder):

sudo mv "./Untitled Folder" "./NewFolderName"

Of course, if you do not feel comfortable with using the command line every time you want to rename files or folders, perhaps you could try a different file manager like Thunar.

To install Thunar, open up a terminal window and type in the following command:

sudo apt install thunar


How to get a mustek 1248 UB scanner working?

The scanning part seems to have been solved:

cd /usr/share/sane/gt68xx/
sudo wget http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/firmware/SBSfw.usb
sudo chmod a+r *

There are multiple sources for this but they all seem to be based on this thread.

The printer should be supported out the box but multiple people seem to be having problems with this particular model. I suggest you file a bug on the HPLIP site.

Edit: Some people suggest  that downloading/installing the latest version of hplip might help but those posts are quite old. The current Ubuntu-version of hplip should be more than new enough.


Install the new version, which is a lot better then the ancient 4.3 version. It does not support video calls at the moment (unless you both are using Skype for Linux Alpha), but everything else has been working very well for me.

1. Download the DEB from here.

2. Double click to install it.


How to set up a VPN connection for both traffic encryption and secure point-to-point access to a remote server?

There are a few different configurations that could solve your problems.

Set up one OpenVPN server (my preference would be on the server in Amsterdam) and both your home router and the server in Helsinki as OpenVPN clients.  The client-to-client configuration option will allow you to see your Helsinki server through the VPN from home.
Set up a VPN server on the Helsinki server and set up routing for VPN connections.  This seems the most complicated option for the least gain.
Set up OpenVPN servers on both units and connect to them individually from home.  A big downside here is that you'll have to maintain two CAs or manage passwords in two places.

Personally, I would go with option 1 as you will only need to maintain one CA, etc.  OpenVPN has a good HowTo with example server configuration and/or client configuration files.


You can edit the es symbols file.

--- /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/es.old
+++ /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/es
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
     key <AC11> { [dead_acute, dead_diaeresis, braceleft,   braceleft ] };
     key <TLDE> { [ masculine, ordfeminine,    backslash,   backslash ] };

-    key <BKSL> { [  ccedilla,   Ccedilla,   braceright,   dead_breve ] };
+    key <BKSL> { [      less,     greater,  braceright,   dead_breve ] };

     include "level3(ralt_switch)"
 };

Should be effective after next reboot.


I'm trying to install Open JRE 8 but it says this and doesn't install

From the terminal log it shows you already have openjdk8 installed. you can check by typing

java -version

you should see a response like this

java version "1.8.0_72"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_72-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.72-b15, mixed mode)

I believe you have multiple java versions running, and your machine is trying to fetch an update.


You can try installing XUbuntu at http://xubuntu.org/

It is a lighter version of Ubuntu.

Honestly, Ubuntu 32-bit should install just fine.  I recommend running Xubuntu or Ubuntu 32-bit as a liveCD first to see if that works fine.  If those run without problems, there maybe a bug that needs to get fixed.


Setting NTFS partition permissions for external hard drive

To mount any partition automatically and permanently, it has to be included in the configuration file /etc/fstab.

The tool Disks that comes with Ubuntu allows to achieve this using a graphical user interface, See this post on how it works: Is there a program to mount all of my drives automatically?
An alternative - classical - approach is to edit the configuration file /etc/fstab yourself, and add a line that tells the system how and where to mount the partition.

Determine the unique identifier of your disk. This is easiest with the command lsblk -f. You may recognize your ntfs partition because it has "ntfs" as file system type in the column FSTYPE. If not mounted, nothing will be listed under MOUNTPOINT. Take note of the UUID in the similarly named column, because it will be the first entry in the line you will add to /etc/fstab.
Decide on a mount point, i.e., a folder where your partition will be mounted, and where you will see the folders on that partition once it is mounted. As an example, I will assume you will mount it in a folder "windows" under /mnt. Now create that folder: sudo mkdir -p /mnt/windows
Open the configuration file /etc/fstab as administrator for editing in a text editor. For example, I use nano. sudo nano /etc/fstab Add the following line:

UUID=<UUID_you_found_in_step_1> /mnt/windows ntfs auto,dmask=007,fmask=117,utf8  0  0

This line presents 6 entries, separated by whitespace. 1) The partition you want to mount identified by its UUID; 2) the mount point, i.e. where you will mount it; 3) the file system type; 4) the mount options and 5) and 6) numbers both set to 0 (whether the system should be 'dumped' and whether the system should be checked on startup - the latter you will do regularly in MS Windows).
Options set file and folder permissions for the entire drive, and indicate strange characters should be utf8 encoded.

You can also set owners through fstab options (uid=...,gid=...), but I find it easier to set owners by setting these to the mount point. As such, if you are to be owner and group of the partition, you can set this with the command:

sudo chown $USER:$USER /mnt/windows

$USER will be replaced by the currently logged in user with root permissions (that will be you). You can substitute another login to give the partition to another user.

Check whether all is good with the command sudo mount -a. If there is no output, all is good, and you will see the contents of your partition navigating to the root directory, then mnt and then windows.


Change your virtualhost to

<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName fraffel.tech
    DocumentRoot /var/www/fraffeltech

    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/fraffel_tech.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/fraffel.tech.key
    SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/ssl/fraffel_tech.ca-bundle
</VirtualHost>

The hint is this:

  [Thu May 03 11:36:17.851117 2018] [ssl:emerg] [pid 3415] AH02569: Illegal attempt to re-initialise SSL for server (SSLEngine On should go in the VirtualHost, not in global scope.)

In addition there is a warning message, that tels you:

  Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name,
  using fe80::f03c:91ff...    Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this
  message

Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message means you should have one ServerName directive outside of the <VirtualHost> tags. It could be the name of your primary domain or just localhost:

ServerName fraffel.tech

<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName fraffel.tech
    DocumentRoot /var/www/fraffeltech

    #...
</VirtualHost>


Installing CUDA 8 on Ubuntu 16: Unable to locate package cuda

I ran into this problem trying to install CUDA 9.0 on Ubuntu 17.10, and I solved it by uncommenting the following line in my /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda-9-0-local.list

# deb file:///var/cuda-repo-9-0-local / # disabled on upgrade to artful

=>

deb file:///var/cuda-repo-9-0-local /


Poor performance with RX 480 on Ubuntu 16.10

I do not have the amdgpu-pro drivers but I noticed that for some reason my RX580 does not ramp up the clock an memory speed when i start to play a game and i need to manually ramp it up.

sudo su

this tells you what clock speed you are at, mine typically sits at 300 and 300

cat /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/amdgpu_pm_info

This tells you if you are on auto or high

cat /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_dpm_force_performance_level

this forces your gpu to clock it self high... so you should run this before playing games

echo high > /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_dpm_force_performance_level

now check to see if your clock speeds are any faster

cat /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/amdgpu_pm_info

Enjoy your new performance

this sets the gpu back to default low clock speeds.. do this when you exit game

echo auto > /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_dpm_force_performance_level

this to check and make sure you are on auto

cat /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/amdgpu_pm_info


Add the following kernel option and see if it helps -- it tells the USB driver to ignore overcurrent (OC) alerts. This is only for USB 2.0 ports -- it will not work for USB 3.0, or USB 1.0 (unlikely if your computer was made after 2001 or so).

ehci_hcd.ignore_OC=1

Edit GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub to include this option and run sudo update-grub

Reboot and see; if it doesn't work, please pastebin full dmesg.


como iniciar app inventor en ubuntu 14.04

Tienes que ir aquí Entrar con sus detalles . Para un proyecto de ejemplo , vaya aquí.


How can I copy text from xfce4 terminal emulator to the clipboard?

You can use clipman to sync selections and paste it anywhere using the middle click of your mouse. Just, select some text, open the terminal, and press the middle click. You can play with the options to adjust it to your preferences. To install clipman, use:

sudo apt-get install xfce4-clipman

Or, if you prefer, install the complete set of utilities for XFCE, using:

sudo apt-get install xfce4-goodies


Can Rsync be used to copy files in a ntfs partition to another ntfs partition?

Yes, you can use rsync to copy data between ntfs partitions. Use the -r (or --recursive) option to have rsync go through the entire folder structure below the source folder and recreate the folder structure and files on the destination.

For volumes that support linux permissions, we would typically use the -a (--archive) option to create an identical "mirror" copy. The -aoption preserves the time stamp and all other attributes of the source files.

On ntfs volumes, that do not support linux permissions, you still can use the -t (--times) option to preserve the time stamp of the files.

For using rsync on file systems with less accurate or different date stamps, you can decrease the accuracy by which rsync compares time stamps in order to decide whether a file has changed or not. This is done with the option -@ or --modify-window, e.g. -@=2 would consider files where the time stamps differ less than 2 seconds as the same.


Use Ubuntu DNS Server instead of Windows

Bind by default has default empty zones for the private DNS blocks 10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16 172.16.0.0/20.   You may want to create non-empty zones for the parts of the private networks you do have.  This seems to be 192.168.111.0/24 and 10.100.10.0/24.

The in-addr.arpa zones reverse the order of the octets in the address and omit the trailing zero octets. Sizing is still by octets so zones have 1, 2 or 3 octets in the address.

Install and configure bind along side your existing DNS until you are confident you have the correct configuration.  Check the configuration that is provided after you install bind and add the zones you need to that.

It may be possible to get a zone transfer from the exisitng configuration,  If not, it should be possible to script creating the reverse lookup zones by querying the existing active zones with a script.


Globbing not working as desired in Ubuntu 16.04

You can do

ls *{txt,jpg}

spaces are used to separate arguments, so the shell is treating *{txt, and jpg} as two arguments, trying to match them separately. { and } are treated literally instead of expanded to a range of possible matches.


Yes, you can install Ubuntu on the same hard drive as windows.
You do not need to format your PC and create a separate partition.

How much space do you have left on C drive?
Ubuntu needs 10gb minimum, but 20 or 30gb would be better.

From the Ubuntu installation menu you need to select 'install alongside windows'.
This option will automatically repartition your drive & install Ubuntu alongside windows.
 (you can change the partition size using a slider)

I recommend defragmenting your C drive first, although it is not necessary.

EDIT :

Using the downloaded Ubuntu.iso you can create a bootable installation CD using these instructions or a bootable installation USB using Unetbootin.

Then have a look at this guide on my personal website for details on using your BIOS to boot your installation CD / USB.


An alternative to the Super key on an old keyboard

Do you already use right Alt?
You could map it to the Windows key in Gnome settings:

System->Preferences->Keyboard
Layouts
Options...
Alt/Win key behavior
Left Alt is swapped with Left Win

Or you could map Caps Lock to the Windows key, and choose another shortcut for changing languages.
In the same control panel:

CapsLock key behaviour

Make CapsLock an additional Super
(or Make CapsLock an additional Hyper)

and then:

Key(s) to change layout
too many options to mention

Common choices include:

Left Alt + Left Shift
Left Ctrl + Left Shift
Left Ctrl + Right Ctrl

but being an Emacs user, I would suggest the Both Ctrl keys together option.

If those options are insufficient, you will need to use xmodmap.
You could map Right Control to Windows at the shell like this:
xmodmap -e 'remove control = Control_R'
xmodmap -e 'add Mod4 = Control_R'

Depending on your system, you can probably also put the equivalent settings in .Xmodmap, e.g.
.Xmodmap
remove control = Control_R'
add Mod4 = Control_R'

If you'd rather use xmodmap than the Gnome control panel, you can change Control_R to something else, for instance right Alt is either Alt_R or ISO_Level3_Shift, depending on your keyboard settings, e.g.
xmodmap -e 'remove ISO_Level3_Shift = Mod5'
xmodmap -e 'add Mod4 = ISO_Level3_Shift'

works for me.


Solution

Actually, I think I've found a workaround. I've done some digging, and as this answer says, you need to remove a rogue ICC profile. Here's how you do that:

xprop -root -remove _ICC_PROFILE

Persisting upon Reboot

There are reports floating around that it resets upon reboot, so if this happens to you, then try adding the command to ~/.profile. To do that execute this command:

gedit ~/.profile

The text editor will now open. Paste the command at the bottom of the file. I suggest you add a comment (A line preceded by a hash #) to remind your future self as to what it does.


Current context menu's on the dock also do contain app-specific options like before. For example, the right-click menu for firefox gives options to open a new window or to open a new private window. For Libreoffice, a new document can be created from the right-click menu. For Rhythmbox, you can Play/Pause, or skip to the next/previous song with the right-click menu.

The options for what to display in the right-click menu of a launcher are, as in previous versions of Ubuntu, defined by the application developer in the .desktop file that represents the launcher. That you now do not see them with Quod libet will be due to relevant items missing in the .desktop file of the application.


Move the home directory back to single partition

Well, moving stuff back is even easier... log into recovery mode (so you're root and /home is not used by anything), unmount home:

umount /home

If you want to copy data from the old home directories, mount the partition somewhere else:

mount /dev/sdb1 /media/disk

then copy the data and it's done. To make changes permanent - edit etc/fstab to remove the line which mounts home.

HOWEVER: If you're selling the computer, it's highly recommended to perform a clean install... maybe with a low-level disk erasing before installing. Which would render your problem unimportant, isn't it?


Black screen when installing Ubuntu 20.04

What I found out was the Motherboard had come from a system that had a built in display. My black screen was due to it not giving output to the HDMI. VGA display could pick up that it was a secondary display. Changed the display settings in Ubuntu using the VGA display and now it is working.


The system is running in low-graphic mode

I am sorry to hear, when I have this problem, what I do first is to run a new installation to see if it is really a problem on your drivers or the graphic board went crazy.

I suggest you also to keep the latest versions, not having the latest updated may be safe, but can also cause you problems.


Installing IE8 in wine - error rename/sha1sum mismatch winetest.cat

SOLUTION

2 Options:

Automatically:

copy and paste this into a terminal, and it will download, and place the file into the required directory (can be deduced from the script)

wget "https://github.com/Winetricks/winetricks/raw/master/files/winetest.cat"; mv winetest.cat ~/.cache/winetricks/ie8/

Manually:

GO to this location (hosted on GitHub), download the winetest.cat file, place the downloaded file in ~/.cache/winetricks/ie8/

Link:
https://github.com/Winetricks/winetricks/raw/master/files/winetest.cat

Hope others find this useful!

Cheers


How can I know which file is being used in a bash for loop?

What about this?

for line in $(grep '^.*$' foo /dev/null) $(grep '^.*$' bar /dev/null)
do
    if [[ ${line} =~ ^foo.*$ ]]
    then
        action1
    else
        action2
   fi
done

If you want to strip the leading filename in $line afterwards you can add line=$(<<<$line sed 's/^foo:\(.*\)$/\1/') and line=$(<<<$line sed 's/^bar:\(.*\)$/\1/') in the if / else body.


Is there any way to set the startup page in Thunderbird to be the latest mail instead of some link?

I've found a fix!

You need an add-on to enable this functionality (which is default in Apple Mail and Outlook...)

It's called Select Inbox and you can download it here:
https://addons.mozilla.org/de/thunderbird/addon/select-inbox/

Once installed, go to add-ons -> select inbox -> options and select first/last.


Wifi don't work when I use bittorrent apps!

A lot of wifi connections and their routers fall over if you throw too many connections at them and a lot of bittorrent clients are set to unlimited connections by default. As soon as you start something up, it'll try to connect to 600 peers and everything implodes.

Fairly simple fix: limit the number of connections. I'd suggest a global max of 100 and ~60 half-open connections. I have had bad routers that only support half that so you might need to rein it in even more. In my experience this doesn't usually hurt your speed.

You might also want to limit the upload bandwidth. I've got 1mbps (128KB/s) upload but anything over 50KB/s slows things down. I limit my upload to 20KB/s and everything keeps on going.

Deluge: Edit → Preferences → Bandwidth.
Transmission: Read this for editing config files and set

peer-limit-global: Number (default = 240)
peer-limit-per-torrent: Number (default = 60)

Ktorrent: No idea. Somebody can add that if they know it.


When you deleted the Ubuntu partition you deleted the configuration files necessary for Grub to boot. But Grub is what is on your MBR and controlling your computer's boot process.

You need to restore your Windows bootloader. You can reinstall Grub when you reinstall Ubuntu,or by repairing windows with the windows installation media.

Using a windows media,boot to command prompt the type bootrec /fixmbr and your ready to go.

and using grub rescue

grub rescue> set root=(hd0,0)
grub rescue> make active
grub rescue> chainloader +1
grub rescue> boot

NOTE,your partition might be different with (hd0, 0) use ls to see what is yours and replace


Although I have Texlive installed from DVD apt-get suggests to install it every time, how can I avoid this behaviour?

For anyone who might me interested I am posting the solution here, giving credit tot the website of TeX Live and Debian/Ubuntu which I learned the solution from.

Integrating vanilla TeX Live with Debian

To install vanilla TeX Live so that it replaces the Debian packages, perform the following steps:

Install vanilla TeX Live as root, system-wide.
Ensure that the only Debian TeX Live packages installed are tex-common, texinfo, and perhaps lmodern
Add TeX Live's bin directory to ENV_PATH in /etc/login.defs.
Tell APT about your TeX Live installation by building a dummy package using equivs:
$ aptitude install equivs # as root
mkdir /tmp/tl-equivs && cd /tmp/tl-equivs
equivs-control texlive-local
# edit texlive-local (see below)
$ equivs-build texlive-local
$ sudo dpkg -i texlive-local_2014-1_all.deb

The site suggests editing the texlive-local file as follows for the latest installation of TexLive 2014.

Section: misc
Priority: optional
Standards-Version: 3.9.4

Package: texlive-local
Version: 2014-1
Maintainer: you <you@yourdomain.example.org>
Provides: chktex, biblatex, biblatex-dw, cm-super, cm-super-minimal, context,
 dvidvi, dvipng, feynmf, fragmaster, jadetex, lacheck, latex-beamer,
 latex-cjk-all, latex-cjk-chinese, latex-cjk-chinese-arphic-bkai00mp,
 latex-cjk-chinese-arphic-bsmi00lp, latex-cjk-chinese-arphic-gbsn00lp,
 latex-cjk-chinese-arphic-gkai00mp, latex-cjk-common, latex-cjk-japanese,
 latex-cjk-japanese-wadalab, latex-cjk-korean, latex-cjk-thai, latexdiff,
 latexmk, latex-sanskrit, latex-xcolor, lcdf-typetools, lmodern, luatex,
 musixtex, passivetex, pgf, preview-latex-style, prosper, ps2eps, psutils,
 purifyeps, t1utils, tex4ht, tex4ht-common, tex-gyre, texlive, texlive-base,
 texlive-bibtex-extra, texlive-binaries, texlive-common, texlive-extra-utils,
 texlive-fonts-extra, texlive-fonts-extra-doc, texlive-fonts-recommended,
 texlive-fonts-recommended-doc, texlive-font-utils, texlive-formats-extra,
 texlive-games, texlive-generic-extra, texlive-generic-recommended,
 texlive-humanities, texlive-humanities-doc, texlive-lang-african,
 texlive-lang-all, texlive-lang-arabic, texlive-lang-cjk, texlive-lang-cyrillic,
 texlive-lang-czechslovak, texlive-lang-english, texlive-lang-european,
 texlive-lang-japanese, texlive-lang-chinese, texlive-lang-korean,
 texlive-lang-french, texlive-lang-german, texlive-lang-greek,
 texlive-lang-indic, texlive-lang-italian, texlive-lang-other,
 texlive-lang-polish, texlive-lang-portuguese, texlive-lang-spanish,
 texlive-latex-base, texlive-latex-base-doc, texlive-latex-extra,
 texlive-latex-extra-doc, texlive-latex-recommended,
 texlive-latex-recommended-doc, texlive-luatex, texlive-math-extra,
 texlive-metapost, texlive-metapost-doc, texlive-music,
 texlive-omega, texlive-pictures, texlive-pictures-doc, texlive-plain-extra,
 texlive-pstricks, texlive-pstricks-doc, texlive-publishers,
 texlive-publishers-doc, texlive-science, texlive-science-doc, texlive-xetex,
 thailatex, tipa, tipa-doc, xindy, xindy-rules, xmltex
Architecture: all
Description: My local installation of TeX Live 2014.
 A full "vanilla" TeX Live 2014
 http://tug.org/texlive/debian#vanilla

After installing this package I was able to install only TeXStudio without all the required texlive packages that it depends on.


Your device is mounted. Your OS is using it, so it will not work correctly.

Also, you need to dd to a "/dev/xda" device, and not a mount point.

You will need to run:

sudo umount /media/felixinx/0392-8145

Then, run

blkid

to find out the device, maybe it will be /dev/sdb, so run:

sudo dd if=ChromeOS.img of=/dev/sdb bs=4M

Should work, if not, post the result. If you cannot unmount, just reboot, and don't open the file manager.


How do I check how much power my laptop is drawing?

Install and run powertop:

sudo apt-get install powertop
sudo powertop


I took this from an answer at superuser please give them an upvote if it helps you,

you can use fakexinerama for achieving what you want:

  Fake Xinerama is a replacement libXinerama library that instead   of
  querying the XServer reads ~/.fakexinerama and provides fake
  information about Xinerama screens based on this file. It can be
  used to fake a Xinerama setup even on computers with just one monitor
  or to fake Xinerama setup other than one specified in the XServer
  configuration (e.g. making one screen smaller when using two same
  screens). It's probably only useful for developers.

See that question for more detail.


You need to install Nvidia drivers by running:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-352


failed to download repository information - remastersys - 404 not found

I just experienced a very similar, if not the same problem.  The site, www.remasterys.com is taken down for good, unfortunately.  It was pretty annoying, as I was unable to update my graphics driver without sunning the system update. Ugh!

Open up synaptics

On the menu bar, select Setting

Under Settings, select Repositories

From there you should select the "Other Software Tab" and locate the www.remastersys.com check box.  Unmark it.

Now you should be able to run the update and sail smoothly.  Hopefully an update will come along sooner or later as that site is not coming back.


How do I get ARF video to play in webex?

I'ld say rather than going with wine..

To play .arf files, convert them to mp4 format using the nbr2mp4 converter

Download nbr2mp4 tar file from this repo.

http://webex.co.uk/support/downloads.html
After you download, create a directory for the installation(I'm doing it in ~/arf

in this example) , now , extract the tar file into this folder.
Move to this folder.

 cd ~/arf/nbr2_mp4

Now set executable permissions to nbr2mp4.sh file.

 chmod +x ./nbr2mp4.sh

Now install the convertor by typing this command.

 ./nbr2mp4.sh

Type the directory where you want to install the software.

Or rather, you may hit enter to install it in the current directory.
That's it, you can convert the arf files of webex to mp4 using this command.

 ./nbr2mp4 path/file-name.arf path-to-output-folder FPS

Ex : ./nbr2mp4  ~/Downloads/research-talk.arf  ./  5

A file called research-talk.mp4 will be created in the current directory.

The value of FPS can range from 3-10. The quality of the video is directly proportional to FPS.

Source : http://rodrigoguarischi.com/how-to-play-arf-file-on-ubuntu-12-04-linux/


In a terminal window:

sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Copy/paste whatever you need there, then ctrl-o to save, ctrl-x to exit.

Ubuntu 14.04 has lightdm instead of gdm, and to stop lightdm, run

sudo service lightdm stop


Compiz features stopped working when an external monitor is attached

Open a terminal and type:
compiz --replace

this should hopefully fix it.
If not, type:
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

This will install a settings manager for compiz and related features.


Ubuntu all screwy after dist-upgrade. How do I revert the damage?

Solution for future reference:

Kernel update was the problem. Removing the newly updated kernel solved the problem:

sudo apt-get autoremove linux-image-3.5.0-22.generic


.Private is 14x time bigger than /home -> disk almost full

Your df output has two nearly identical lines:

/dev/sda2                6,9T    5,9T  650G  91% /
/home/theUser/.Private   6,9T    5,9T  650G  91% /home/theUser

Check with df -T & mount, but if you're using eCryptfs on your home it shows up in df as using the same space as it's host filesystem, your / in this case, even though /home/theUser is using much less space.

So that 5.9T is taken up by everything in / , not just /home, so there's many more files there outside of your home.

This explanation from Tyler Hicks (maintainer of eCryptfs) about an invalid bug report may be helpful:

    As Dustin mentioned, the on-disk footprint is not duplicated when using eCryptfs. The eCryptfs inode, as queried by the du -h /home/name/9726255eec083aa56dc0449a21b3319, is an in-memory representation of the actual on-disk inode in the lower filesystem.

    Similarly, when df is reporting filesystem usage, the reported usage of any eCryptfs mount is simply the usage amount reported by the filesystem that eCryptfs is mounted upon.

    While the output of those commands (and my explanation) may be confusing at first, it is the expected output when dealing with a stacked filesystem like eCryptfs.

I can't tell if your encrypted home is taking up "too much space" beyond it's du size, checking /home/.ecryptfs and comparing it's size to your mounted home might reveal more info.

You could try du -h -d1 / to see what size the main root folders are, or -dN to look down N folder "depths".
I like baobab / Disk Usage Analyzer as a nice graphic way to see what's taking up disk space (run with sudo/as root, otherwise there's a lot of "Permission denied" messages & missing info)

Though the tools above will probably see /home/.ecryptfs and /home/theUser as separate, thus taking up twice as much space (roughly equal space). Only files in /home/.ecryptfs take up disk space; the mounted /home/theUser is a virtual decrypted "view".

(Also, the used size in your df output, for /dev/sda, is 5.9T. The 6.9T is it's total size. And I'm unfamiliar with ... | cat > file the pipe to cat seems unnecessary.)


Bind9 basic configuration for internal network with windows pcs

Please refer to the Ubuntu server guide. It covers your exact case. It was the only reference I used when I setup your exact case on my LAN.


First you have to make a bootable device.

Plug-in your USB memory stick.
Go to www.pendrivelinux.com/downloads/Universal-USB-Installer and download the Universal-USB-Installer.exe file. Put it on your Desktop or somewhere convenient.

Double-click the file to run it.
Click I agree and you will be taken to the Setup Your Selections screen (Figure 1).

Under Step 1, choose the version of Ubuntu you have downloaded, and uncheck Download the ISO.
If your version is not in the list, return to www.pendrivelinux.com/downloads/Universal-USB-Installer and download the latest version of the installer.

Under Step 2, click Browse and select and open the .iso file you downloaded earlier.

Under Step 3, select your memory stick from the list (make sure you choose the right one). Check the box next to the list to say that you want to format the drive.
Click Create to put the installer onto your memory stick. The whole process should only take a few minutes. All of the files on the memory stick will be erased.

When it has finished, close the Universal USB Installer window and safely remove/eject and unplug your memory stick. This is necessary to make sure all of the files were put on the memory stick properly.

Further details here


Error installing VMWare workstation 12 on Ubuntu 14.04

For this error:

  Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module": libcanberra-gtk-module.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

First find out where "libcanberra-gtk-module.so" is,

  locate libcanberra-gtk-module.so

This may cause following output:

  laura@laura:~$ locate libcanberra-gtk-module.so
  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/modules/libcanberra-gtk-module.so
  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-3.0/modules/libcanberra-gtk-module.so

If didn't find any matched file, install this package:

  sudo apt-get install libcanberra-gtk-module

Then create two files:

  sudo touch /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gtk-2.0.conf
  sudo touch /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gtk-3.0.conf

Edit this file:

  sudo vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gtk-2.0.conf

And insert the location just found (File path only!)

  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/modules

For the other file, just add the other location.

Reload config.

  sudo ldconfig

Reinstall VMware

Note that if you meet this error:

  locate: can not stat () `/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db': No such file or directory

Please execute:

  updatedb

Do remember always start vmware as root! (By adding 'sudo' before your command)
VMware must acquire enough permission to load virtual machine.

Edit the application link so that vmware can take enough permission automatically:

Example here

Notice this line:

  Exec=gksu -s /usr/bin/vmware %U

Be sure that your file is started with 'gksu -s'

If you don't have gksu, install:

  sudo apt-get install gksu

It's not a simple problem, but I wish this answer can help you.


Stuck In login loop after updating my system to Ubuntu 18.04

A common reason for login loops...

If you've been starting graphic applications from the terminal using sudo, that's what probably caused your problem. Always use sudo -H.

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type:

 - sudo mount -o remount,rw / # remount the disk as rw

 - cd /home/your_username # change directory

 - ls -al .*thority* # list some files

You should see something like this...

-rw------- 1 your_username your_username 407910 Nov  2 08:56 .ICEauthority
-rw------- 1 your_username your_username     58 Jun 23  2017 .Xauthority

If it DOES NOT show -rw------- then...

sudo chmod 600 .*thority* # change file protection

If it DOES SHOW root root then...

sudo chown your_username:your_username .*thority* # change file ownership
reboot # reboot the computer

Reboot and see if you can log in.


KDE Power Management not turning Screen Off

This is apparently a bug in KDE 4.10, and a patch has been added in 4.10.01 to address it.


In the 'Qt Creator' menu Tools...Options...Help...Startup...'On context help:' set 'Always Show Side-by-Side'.


Can i have ubuntu 15.10 with linux kernel of 3.14

You could use any version of kernel if you want.
Here are two ways. Pick up one of them is enough:

A. use apt to install kernels for you.

B. manually install mainline kernels by dpkg

Steps for A:

command in terminal: apt-cache search linux-image
you will see the kernel list. pick up the one you want. For example,

linux-image-3.16.0-36-generic
command in terminal: sudo apt-get install . For example,

sudo apt-get install linux-image-3.16.0-36-generic
reboot the system once the installation of apt is done. That is!

Steps for B:

go to here http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/
pick up the kernel version you want
download those kernel *.deb you want
install the *.deb you just downloaded by

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

(optional) you might want to use this script to help to download those *.deb


Ubuntu stuck after login when Nvidia driver installed

Your problem may have been caused by the NVIDIA proprietary graphics driver that is bundled with the NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit from official NVIDIA CUDA Downloads website. This driver has been known to cause freezing and black screens in Ubuntu. So try using the NVIDIA proprietary graphics driver and NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit from the Ubuntu Software Center.

The NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit package from the Ubuntu Software Center is version 5.5 which is not as up-to-date as the NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit 6.5 package from the official NVIDIA CUDA Downloads website, but is it more stable and reliable. The same goes for the proprietary NVIDIA graphics driver from the Ubuntu Software Center, the latest version of which is nvidia-331.

Bring up a text-only virtual console from the hung login screen, using the keyboard combination Ctrl+Alt+F3 and then you will get a text-only console which shows you a login prompt. Login to the console at the login prompt with your username and password.
Uninstall the NVIDIA proprietary graphics driver from a text-only console. Find the file you used to install the NVIDIA graphics driver from the NVIDIA website. It's in whatever folder you downloaded it to (your Downloads folder, for example). It should be named something like NVIDIA-Linux-x86-340.58.run. If so, the command to uninstall it is:

sudo ~/Downloads/NVIDIA-Linux-x86-340.58.run --uninstall
sudo reboot

If the NVIDIA-Linux-x86-XXX.XX.run file has a different name or location, then change the name and/or location in the above command. The name and location of the .run file in the above command have to match exactly to the name and location of the .run file that is in your computer.
After you reboot, uninstall all the CUDA packages you previously installed. They won't work properly without the NVIDIA proprietary driver from the NVIDIA website, so you will have to install the CUDA packages from the Ubuntu Software Center instead.
Identify the recommended proprietary graphics driver for your system. Open the terminal and type:

ubuntu-drivers devices

The Ubuntu require the nvidia-331 or more recent graphics driver, so these are the NVIDIA graphics drivers you will have to choose from if you want to install CUDA packages. Install the recommended NVIDIA proprietary graphics driver and reboot.
If you have installed nvidia-331 or more recent NVIDIA graphics driver, install the CUDA packages. Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install libcudart5.5 nvidia-cuda-toolkit

That's all. It's quite a lot of things to do, but it all could have been avoided if you had identified the correct graphics driver before you installed it using the command: ubuntu-drivers devices .

P.S. I hope you didn't change any PATH variables in the terminal after you installed the CUDA package from the official NVIDIA CUDA Downloads website. If you did change the PATH variable from the terminal, please comment and let me know, so I can tell you how to change it back.


Are there any known issues in running an Intel i7-7700 processor and Intel HD Graphics 630?

Just general advice I'd give is to wait for the next release, as older kernels will most certainly not function. The 17.04 builds are running well (for unstable) on a couple Kaby Lake systems of mine, as well as Ryzen. I personally don't think using 16.10 would be the best move, as it is still a little older, but also because 17.04 is less than a month away, and will have more support as well as knowledge base on this topic in particular.


openconnect either no internet or no network access

worked for me with

sudo route add -net 192.168.0.0 gw 192.168.15.3 netmask 255.255.0.0 dev vpn0

and deleted the entry with

gateway
0.0.0.0

I also enabled the tick box in IPv4 settings -> Routes -> Use this connection only for resources on its network.


How to change keyboard shortcut in Budgie Files 3.26.3?

Budgie desktop is using the default gnome file manager, nautilus. Unfortunately, there is no easy way to change these key bindings. These key combinations appear to be hard coded in nautilus, and cannot be changes without editing the source code and recompiling the program.

Some time ago, gnome developers decided not to enable Ctrl+Tab for tab switching.

For the Gnome editor gedit, a third party plugin allows to enable tab switching with Ctrl+tab. I am not aware of any tool that would enable this for nautilus.


Why are old kernels marked as manually installed?

The script /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal governs which kernel packages are apt-marked 'manual' (ineligible for autoremoval) and which are apt-marked 'auto' (eligible).

There is a good reason for it: It's very wise to keep at least one old kernel handy in case a new kernel fails to boot.

This is contrary to normal Debian practice of installing only one version of a package at a time. So apt isn't well-equipped to handle this corner-case. Hence the need for the script.

The logic that the script uses is described in the script, and is easy to follow. Take a look at it.


satellite CL45-C4330 No wifi adapters found error

I got it! The problem was secure boot!

I thank you chili555! you pointed me in the right direction!

I read one of your responses to another person with a similar problem did another reinstall w/ secure boot off and it worked!

How does one mark a thread as solved?


You don't need to install FTDI drivers on Ubuntu. Follow this thread: FDI. This shows you an easy way to make the FTDI work on ubuntu.


Change your shell like this, then re-run the command:

sudo su -
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata


Ubuntu Server Manager Installation Fails on 13.04 - Why

There are some dependecy peoblems with Ubuntu 13.04 , because you need more than gir1.2-launchpad-integration-3.0 , install the app using gdebi and check out the dependency errors and try to install those manual ( just search on google the dependecy you need , doenload and install'it ) ....I shoud get back with anoter post to tell you exacly what dependecy you need!
Cheersz!


Well, looking around:

$ apt search wikipedia
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
libwww-wikipedia-perl/trusty 2.00-1 all
  perl module that provides an automated interface to Wikipedia

wikipedia2text/trusty,now 0.11-3 all [installed]
  displays Wikipedia articles on the command line

wikipediafs/trusty 0.4-5 all
  View and edit Wikipedia articles as if they were real files

Looking at the manpage of wikepedia2text:

-s        Display only the summary of the Wikipedia article.

-S        Display the full content of the  Wikipedia  article  and  not
          only the summary.

Testing it out:

$ wikipedia2text -s Linux
Changes must be reviewed before being displayed on this page.show/hide details
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 September 2015.
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the operating system. For the kernel (also often referred
to as just "Linux"), used in all variants of the Linux operating system, see
Linux kernel. For other uses, see Linux (disambiguation).

                                     Linux
Tux the penguin
Tux the penguin, mascot of Linux^
Developer Community
 Written  Primarily C and assembly
   in
OS family Unix-like
 Working  Current
  state
 Source   Mainly open source, proprietary software also available

$ wikipedia2text Linux
Page protected with pending changes level 1

Linux

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Changes must be reviewed before being displayed on this page.show/hide details
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 September 2015.
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the operating system. For the kernel (also often referred
to as just "Linux"), used in all variants of the Linux operating system, see
Linux kernel. For other uses, see Linux (disambiguation).

                                     Linux
Tux the penguin
Tux the penguin, mascot of Linux^
Developer Community
 Written  Primarily C and assembly
   in
OS family Unix-like
 Working  Current
  state
 Source   Mainly open source, proprietary software also available
  model
 Initial  1991; 24 years ago (1991)
 release
Marketing Personal computers, mobile devices, embedded devices, servers,
 target   mainframes, supercomputers
Available Multilingual
   in
          Alpha, ARC, ARM, AVR32, Blackfin, C6x, ETRAX CRIS, FR-V, H8/300,
Platforms Hexagon, Itanium, M32R, m68k, META, Microblaze, MIPS, MN103, Nios II,
          OpenRISC, PA-RISC, PowerPC, s390, S+core, SuperH, SPARC, TILE64,
          Unicore32, x86, Xtensa
 Kernel   Monolithic (Linux kernel)
  type
Userland  Various
Default
  user    Many
interface
 License  GPLv2^ and other free and open-source licenses, except for the
          "Linux" trademark^[a]

...


Which Linux-based OS would be best for my 32 bit PC?

https://itsfoss.com/lightweight-linux-beginners/
look at the list above the get some ;
and dude, i just googled ¨linux 32 bit distro¨ to get this comprehensive list of mostly 32bits distros.
i would reccommend Xubuntu or any of the other Ubuntu
flavours - they have most support, best drivers and
overall a better compatibility than most other distros.


How to share two keyboard on the same laptop, french iso layout and usa ansi layout keyboard with usb?

I may not have a lot of experience with coding, software engineering or even with linux systems, but i do know one thing: a computer, no matter what system it uses, is mostly based on the human brain.

Now i know it's possible for a brain (and a computer) to learn 2 languages side-by-side, but what you're asking of the pc is a bit different. You're not asking it to use two languages side-by-side, you're asking it to use those two languages simultaniously, so basically to consider 2 outputs for a single input, and let the computer choose which one to use.

On itself, this shouldn't be too much of an issue, if it weren't for the fact that this translation process takes place within the software, rather than in the keyboard, making it (near) impossible for the computer to know which one to use. For instance (not entirely sure about the specific layout of the fr-iso keyboard, so forgive me if this is exaggerated) you could type the 'Q' key on the USB-keyboard, but the computer would have to interpret it as "'Q' or 'A'". Now yóu know you typed a Q, but all the computer knows is that you typed in a specific key with multiple translations. Which is where the keyboard settings come into action.

Using the keyboard layout setting, you tell your computer how to interpret your keystrokes. So you basically tell it what dictionary to use for that keyboard. If you want to use the other keyboard, you should set the dictionary to the appropriate language, or the computer might misinterpret your keystrokes, causing it to think you're still using the standard (fr-iso) keyboard, where you àctually want it to use the en-us dictionary. I would compare it with speaking spanish while in portugal: they mostly know what you mean, but some things just don't make sense due to semantic differences.

So, long story short: simultanious use is impossible, unless both keyboards have the ability to automatically tell the computer which layout to use. Imo, your best bet would be to set up shortcuts or scripts to easily change the keyboard settings (like Windows uses the Left-ctrl + Left-shift combination). However, to make sure this happens correctly, it ís recommended to manually map your keys (the only one who knows the correct interpretation for sure is you), and maybe find a way to export this mapping for easy use within either a script or application for ease of changing the layouts. (Like i said, no experience in coding, so although i assume there's a way, i'm not the person to know that way: comments would be welcome)

Hope it helps


Has the kernel panic'd when Ctrl-Alt-F1/F2/...F7 don't work anymore?

is my understanding correct that Ctrl-Alt-F1/F2/...F7 is a "kernel" functionality ?
yes.

There's an inherent race condition when switching vt's in an X window envinronment, which would hang the whole system.

It's an ongoing effort to get rid of the archaic vt from kernel, specifically CONFIG_VT.
See David Herrmann impressive work for more details.

References:
1. How VT-switching works
2. Sane Session-Switching


What you're seeing is the hostname of the machine.  So if the hostname was changed to become 'leopold' from 'keira', then that is the change.

The kernel itself hasnt changed.

  kernel: imklog 4.6.4, log source = /proc/kmsg started.

This is just a kernel message, ignoring the hostname is fine in this case, that's a message saying that was started.  The other messages are the same.

On mine, my system was called 'kahless' and is now called 'gallifrey'.  the same change occurred on mine too.


how to enable two-finger scrolling on Asus Zenbook / Ubuntu 15.10

Upgrade to Ubuntu 16.04 and the touchpad should work OK with kernel 4.4.

There is no supported way to install kernel 4.4 to Ubuntu 15.10.

It can be installed only to 14.04, or 16.04.


Openstack Autopilot fails while deploying Landscape

I'll add a general answer here that could help others.

When encountering such issues, where it's not clear what is failing, the general suggestion is to go simple.

In this case, try to provision nodes in MAAS directly with juju instead of going through the cloud installer. It should be much easier and faster to debug.

This URL has instructions on to use juju with MAAS directly: https://maas.ubuntu.com/docs1.7/juju-quick-start.html


Grub gives messages about the boot sector being used by other software. What should I do?

It's not a big deal since there is no error reported so just warning.

But, if you wish to get rid of this, you need to wipe sector 32. To do this you have many choices:

a. Wiping the whole hard disk;

b. writing zeros to Whole sectors in your MBR and reinstall your grub;

c. Writing zeros to sector 32 in your MBR (that's what we'll do here).

To do that follow the following steps:

Backup your MBR:

sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=~/first_63_sectors bs=512 count=63

zero your sector number 32:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1 seek=32

chroot and reinstall grub:
Here "/media" should be whatever your chosen mount point is. Some step-by-step instructions use "/mnt" rather than "/media".

sudo mount /dev/sda* /media/sda*

sudo mount --bind /dev /media/sda*/dev

sudo mount --bind /proc /media/sda*/proc

sudo mount --bind /sys /media/sda*/sys

sudo chroot /media/sda*

PS: replace * by the appropriate number of your hdd

Now update your grub:

sudo update-grub

Note: You are not obliged to these steps, since its not an error that may affect your system.


I m new in Ubuntu what is and where my Windows

The system is indicating that it will remove partitions /dev/sda9, which is an ext4 partition and /dev/sda10, which is a swap partition.

Neither of those is a Windows Partitions.

You can run this command to see which partition has your Windows.

$ sudo fdisk -l

Windows is an ntfs partition.

This is an extract of the sudo fdisk -l from a computer in my shop:

$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for apollo:
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: D4900414-D1A2-4FC2-8DDD-3A93A9A57083

Device          Start        End    Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1        2048     739327     737280   360M EFI System
/dev/sda2      739328    1001471     262144   128M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda3     1001472  785969987  784968516 374.3G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda4  1924679680 1926369279    1689600   825M Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda5  1926369280 1953523711   27154432    13G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda6   785971200 1899800575 1113829376 531.1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda7  1899800576 1924679679   24879104  11.9G Linux swap

The Windows partition is /dev/sda3


Has the target system been reinstalled recently? This happens because your system recorded the host key of the old target system, but now the host key has changed, probably due to a reinstallation of the system. To make your system forget the old key of the target system, do ssh-keygen -R 192.2.1.151.


How to maintain a counter across multiple executions of a script?

You need to store the count somewhere it will persist across multiple runs of the script, since variables are just in memory for that single run.

The easiest place is probably in a file.

The particular way you store it in a file depends on a few factors including how many times you're counting, and whether you expect concurrent runs. A simple robust way would be like this

if CONDITION
then
    echo run >> ~/script-counter
fi

This appends a line to a file every time it runs. (You might want to choose a better name or location for the file to reflect what it actually does in your program.)

This is pretty simple, and will be pretty robust if the script is interrupted or if you run several copies at the same time.

Then you can find the count with wc -l ~/script-counter

You can reset the counter by just emptying the file, with

: > ~/script-counter

(: is a shell builtin command that does nothing, so redirecting it to the file empties the file.)


I had a similar problem with  flatpak and Greek spell-checking. I ended up installing the dictionary as an add-on.
There is also a Norwegian dictionary as an add-on.
https://extensions.libreoffice.org/en/extensions/show/norsk-stavekontroll-bokmal-og-nynorsk
Of course this leaves you with an english interface.


Oracle service isn't started on Ubuntu load

I haven't seen how to do it in one command.  This one-liner might work:

sudo -u oracle lsnrctl start && sudo -u oracle dbstart


is it safe to uninstall GDM, when using LightDM

No drawbacks, no risks, but make sure that LightDM works for you first! :-)


The executable dumpcap is part of the wireshark-common package. Run the following to reinstall this package:

sudo apt-get --reinstall --no-install-recommends install wireshark-common

And this should be enough to restore this package and enable you to then get wireshark up and running...

References:

Ubuntu Packages: dumpcap search


cannot connect Ubuntu with Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1 over Wifi

You could install a Samba Server, so you can use windows shares(Samba utilizes Windows share folders in Linux) either on your Galaxy Note or your Ubuntu machine.

You could use different apps for this: For example: Airdroid, Bittorrent Sync, etc. many solutions. Just search for it.


sudo apt-get install libxxf86vm-dev fails on Ubuntu 16.04

libxxf86vm-dev package is exist on Xenial package directories, so most likely the problem was disabled-by-default 4 ubuntu sources in Software & Updates. Here's how you enabled them :

Go to Software & Updates by searching in dash.
Open "Ubuntu Software" tab.
Make sure you enabled all the checkbox that represent each sources (main, universe, restricted, multiverse).

Once you enabled them, open terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T, then test with following command :

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install libxxf86vm-dev

If the above trick doesn't work, you can try download from Ubuntu Packages

Open terminal, then execute following command one-by-one :

wget "http://nz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxxf86vm/libxxf86vm-dev_1.1.4-1_i386.deb"
sudo dpkg -i libxxf86vm-dev_1.1.4-1_i386.deb


Grub2 bootloader display menu at each reboot

As for the Virtual Box, try the following.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall virtualbox-ose-dkms

Read carefully what the command returned. If it says anything along the lines that it cannot compile the driver, you will have to install the linux header files manually. First, find out what the kernel version is:

uname -r

It will show you something like that:

2.6.32-42-generic-pae

Then, install the headers and reinstall the dkms again:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-2.6.32-42-generic-pae
sudo apt-get install --reinstall virtualbox-ose-dkms

As for your GRUB trouble, try to reinstall grub:

update-grub

What is the output of that command?


Install Ubuntu (Desktop or Touch) on Lenovo Yoga Tablet 2 (Windows or Android)

I was able to boot from USB Drive after disable secure boot in bios. i also was able to install kali and ubuntu after removing windows from the 1051f tablet. i removed the windows installation and recovery partition (after creating recovery usb drive).

Till now, bluetooth wont work. That means, you need a usb hub and keyboard+mouse. GPS wont work and auto-rotation for the display wont work.


How to record the screen and webcam at the same time?

16.04 -> 18.04:

Please check How to install Kazam 1.5.3?

14.04:

  Kazam 1.5.3 was released recently and it includes some very useful new
  features:

  support for webcams: it can record just the webcam or it can display the webcam in a window on top of the screencast;
  support for broadcasting to YouTube Live;
  added on-screen keyboard indicator and mouse click indicator;
  new countdown timer.

Kazam is available in the official Ubuntu repositories, but it's an old version so it doesn't have the new features above. To get the latest Kazam in Ubuntu you can use the Kazam PPA.

Open a terminal and use the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kazam-team/unstable-series
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install kazam python3-cairo python3-xlib

Source: http://www.webupd8.org/2014/08/kazam-screencaster-gets-webcam-and.html


How to use the Chromium Spellchecker with other languages than English

After choosing the new language, copy the text you are editing and duplicate the tab. The chosen language will be used by the spellchecker in the newly open tab.


Scheduling a reboot on a remotely located Ubuntu server

You can also use at to schedule reboots. For example sudo at 22:00 to run the command at 22:00 as root. Then enter the command you want to run: /sbin/shutdown -r now and end with ctrl-d. If you decide not to run this command, run sudo atrm 1 to delete the first one in  the at queue. With sudo atq you can see the queue.


Brother printer dpkg doesn't seem to work

Try with installing Brother printer drivers as follows:

sudo apt-get install brother-lpr-drivers-ac brother-lpr-drivers-bh7 brother-lpr-drivers-common brother-lpr-drivers-extra brother-lpr-drivers-laser brother-lpr-drivers-laser1


Black screen on boot. FailsafeX: "Screen not found"

I had same problem today on Lenovo P50. The issue was that I switching to nvidia driver from stock open source driver. The display would go black when I boot and login gets stuck in loop when I go to recovery mode. When doing Ctrl+Alt+F1 and trying to startx I saw errors such as screen not found. The solution was simply to roll back to stock drives using this command line:

sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia-*

Voila! I'm back in but then xorg reported some error. So I did,

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

Now there are no issues.

Refrences:

How do you remove Nvidia's proprietary drivers?
startx doesn't work
X fails to load
Ubuntu gets stuck in a login loop


It wouldn't install, it would upgrade. It would retain the partition, download and install new versions of software, and upgrade the configuration scripts accordingly.


wrong xinput ABI version when compiling driver from source

Strangely I had exact same problem with mtrack today. I fixed it by doing clean checkout (git clone to be precise) and re-running autoreconf and ./configure.
But I still can't figure out how to clean original directory.


I got the answer :

Mount the ISO with GMOUNTISO and the installation won't crash :)


Just press the Print Screen key.

You may find the Pictures in your Home Picture folder, this will normally work with any operative system.


You can purchase music from the Ubuntu One Music Store. It has built in cloud sync and online streaming, so you can take your music on the go.


Okay I've got it figured it out, mostly thanks to the help of the folks over at Ubuntu Forums. I'm going to write it here for posterity, although I do still think a lot of this should be included with Ubuntu.
Links don't work
I haven't been able to figure those out, creating a link to an application and moving the link outside the current folder causes a lot of problems. In my particular case, Ubuntu thought the application was being launched from the location of the Link which meant that the application couldn't load its data.
I just kind of gave up on the idea of getting these to work as they just don't seem reliable enough. Either way, getting Terminal Command Shortcuts is much better.
Right Click to Create Shortcut
Thanks to user mc4man on Ubuntu Forums for this.

Install the correct filemanager-actions you need by following this guide (the default Ubuntu file explorer is Nautilus)
Run fma-config-tool

Then just set it up like this:

This will add an option when right-clicking inside Nautilus that will bring up the Shortcut creator app to add a shortcut in the current folder.
This option will be in a sub-menu by default, but you can go into Edit -> Preferences -> Runtime Preferences and deselect "Create a root filemanager-actions menu"

Creating Shortcuts for Programs that don't start with a program
Programs running through Wine often require to launch a command with "WINEPREFIX=/path/to/prefix", this causes problems when trying to create shortcuts for them because they just won't get recognised as programs and fail to start.
There's an easy fix for that. Instead of creating a command for
WINEPREFIX="/home/leonardo/Photoshop" wine64  "/home/leonardo/Photoshop/Photoshop.exe"

You can just add env at the start:
env WINEPREFIX="/home/leonardo/Photoshop" wine64  "/home/leonardo/Photoshop/Photoshop.exe"

This will work.
Ubuntu 19.04 Disco Dingo Update
Updating this because GNOME's dumb and they changed how shortcuts work.
The above to launch wine applications will not work if the shortcut is launched from Desktop/Nautilus.
Take the .desktop file you just created and move it inside /home/leonardo/.local/share/applications. This will add the shortcut to your application list and you'll be able to start it there.


sorry guys, I had software rendering enabled, (because of nomodeset in /etc/default/grub)

radeon opensource works ok for me.