Is there a fancy vertical notification OSD that works for both ALSA and pulseaudio?

Alright, at the risk of answering my own question, I came up with a bit of a hacked together pyqt version of pvol from the link in the question above. If nothing else, maybe someone else can improve on my code. Eventually, I plan to either get rid of the parts in the script below which go unused or to take the bash scripts out of the equation and have one pyqt script handle all of the button events. Right now, the OSD times out at a constant rate from the first button press instead of staying on for a fixed amount of time after the last button press.

Just copy, paste and save the files (with the names in bold), put them all in the same directory, set the executable bits, and modify the system calls in the pyqt script according to wherever you save them, or put them all in directory that's in your path. Then map the shell scripts to Compiz commands, Openbox shortcuts, or something similar, and change the pyqt script if you're not using multimedia keyboard volume buttons.

Note: The class name Qvol was a working title, and I didn't bother to change it. Please also note that the mute button goes unhandled--This is just a prototype to express a possible avenue for fulfilling the requested features, and it is not currently associated with any kind of hosted project or standard development model. Any kind of significant development derived from the code below should probably belong on Sourceforge, GitHub or a project website. That said, feel free to edit this answer or to suggest an existing project which allows is similar in function and design.

vol_step_down

#!/bin/bash
pulseaudio --check
#if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
        pactl set-sink-volume 0 -- -3db
    else
        amixer -c0 set Master playback 3-
fi

if [ -z "$1" ] ; then
        pqvol -s
fi

vol_step_up

#!/bin/bash
pulseaudio --check
#if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
        pactl set-sink-volume 0 -- +3db
    else
        amixer -c0 set Master playback 3+
fi

if [ -z "$1" ] ; then
    pqvol -s
fi

pqvol

#!/usr/bin/env python2

# pvol -- Commandline audio volume utility
#         with an optional GTK progressbar
# Copyright (C) 2009 Adrian C. <anrxc_sysphere_org>
# Modified by 2011 Reza Jelveh
# Ported to pyqt and renamed to pqvol 2013 by Adam R.

# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.

import os.path
import optparse
import alsaaudio
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
from PyQt4.QtCore import QTimer

appname = "Qvol"
#appicon = "/usr/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-light/status/24/audio-volume-high-panel.svg"

DEFAULT_STYLE = """
QProgressBar{
    border: 2px solid grey;
    border-radius: 5px;
    background-color: transparent;
}

QProgressBar::chunk {
    background-color: Gainsboro;
}
"""

class AlsaMixer():
    def __init__(self, pcm=False, mute=False, arg=None):
        self.mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer()
        self.percent = self.mixer.getvolume()[0]
        print self.percent
        self.label = "dB" #% name
        if arg:
            self.percent = min(100, max(0, self.percent + int(arg)))
            self.mixer.setvolume(self.percent)
        if mute:
            mutestate = self.mixer.getmute()[0]
            if mutestate:
                self.label = "Unmuted: "
            else:
                self.label = "Muted: "

            self.mixer.setmute(mutestate^1)
 #     self.label = self.label + "%.0f%%" % self.percent

class Qvol(QtGui.QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super(Qvol, self).__init__()
#       self.setWindowFlags(QtCore.Qt.WindowStaysOnTopHint)
        self.setWindowFlags(QtCore.Qt.FramelessWindowHint)
        self.setWindowFlags(QtCore.Qt.Popup)
        self.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.WA_TranslucentBackground)
        self.setWindowTitle("Qvol")
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):

        self.pbar = QtGui.QProgressBar(self)
        self.pbar.setGeometry(5, 5, 20, 470)
        self.pbar.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Vertical)
        self.pbar.setRange(0,100)
        volume = AlsaMixer()
        self.pbar.setValue(volume.percent)
        self.pbar.setTextVisible(False)
        self.setStyleSheet(DEFAULT_STYLE)

        self.setGeometry(1260, 180, 30, 480)
        self.setWindowTitle('QtGui.QProgressBar')
        self.show()

        QTimer.singleShot(2000, finished)

    def keyPressEvent(self, event):
        if event.key()==QtCore.Qt.Key_VolumeMute:
#           QtGui.QWidget.paintEvent()
            finished()
        elif event.key()==QtCore.Qt.Key_VolumeDown:
            launch_process ("vol_step_down silent")
            volume=AlsaMixer()
            self.pbar.setValue(volume.percent)
#           finished()
        elif event.key()==QtCore.Qt.Key_VolumeUp:
            launch_process ("vol_step_up silent")
            volume=AlsaMixer()
            self.pbar.setValue(volume.percent)
#           finished()

#       else:
#           QtGui.QWidget.keyPressEvent(self, event)

processes = set([])

def launch_process(process):
    # Do something asynchronously
    proc = QtCore.QProcess()
    processes.add(proc)
    proc.start(process)
    proc.waitForFinished(-1)

def finished():
    print "The process is done!"
    # Quit the app
    QtCore.QCoreApplication.instance().quit()

def main():

    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Qvol()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


This should fix it:

rm $HOME/.config/monitors.xml


1. The command to type a phrase

You can do that by using xdotool, which is not on your system by default. Install it first:

sudo apt-get install xdotool

Then the command to (literally) type a text phrase is:

xdotool type 'This is a test to see if all works fine. If it works this text is typed.'

The text will be typed in the frontmost window.

Adding it to a shortcut key

Choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the command (e.g.):

xdotool type 'This is a test to see if all works fine. If it works this text is typed.'

2. Alternatively

More complicated is to use both xdotool and xclip, which both need to be installed:

sudo apt-get install xdotool xclip

Then the command to paste a text into the front most window would be:

printf 'This is a test to see if all works fine. If it works this text is typed.' | xclip -sel clip && xdotool key Control_L+v

Notes on the second option

Mind that this (second) option works if the front most application uses Ctrl+V to paste text, which is not the case with e.g. gnome-terminal, which uses Shift+Ctrl+V
Therefore, the command to paste text into a terminalwindow would be:

printf 'This is a test to see if all works fine. If it works this text is typed.' | xclip -sel clip && xdotool key Shift_L+Control_L+v

If you would like to include a newline after your phrase is pasted, replace printf by echo


Um, I don't know what GMountISO is, but I would just do it using command line. Linux does not need any additional tools to mount an ISO file.

To mount:

sudo mkdir /media/cdrom
sudo mount -o loop -t iso9660 file.iso /media/cdrom

To unmount:

sudo umount /media/cdrom

EDIT: to mount without administrator privileges, install fuseiso:

sudo apt-get install fuseiso

Then you can mount:

fuseiso file.iso ~/cdrom

and unmount:

fusermount -u ~/cdrom

without sudo.


ubuntu 13 with windows 8 and updating ubunu it disappears from booting list

For recover your files or try to fix the system I recommend same thing, use a LiveCD or LiveUSB with Ubuntu.

If you don't have a CD/USB with Ubuntu here you can follow a tutorial about getting one USB Live on Windows.

Once you have a CD/DVD with Ubuntu just boot from CD/USB and hit on "Try Ubuntu..." and wait until Ubuntu loads.

To recover Ubuntu installation

You can try some things like fix/reinstall the ubuntu grub with:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

You can follow this tutorial Ubuntu Boot-Repair

To recover your files

Just look for the internal hard disk and mount it, then copy the files you want to save to external device/cloud or where you want. Once you've saved all the data can reformat PC or delete linux partition.


Ubuntu19.10 - Shutdown/Reboot hangs for about 90 sec

What I had found at the boot log additionally,

libvirt-guests.sh[****]: Running guests on default URI: no running guests.

So, I did disable libvirt-guests.service forcedly, following the method from
Ubuntu 16.04 libvirt-guests.sh [6917] - running guests on default URI: no running guests.

Shutdown-delay has gone after the next boot.
However, this is not quite the exact solution but just a temporary workaround for the delayless-shutdown(or reboot).


Gnome mplayer and vlc showing blue, black screen output at every video

Open a terminal and type:
sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install mplayer2

Reboot your pc and try again.

If the problem still exist try this:
Open VLC-Tools-Preferences, Click on Video tab and change the Output until you see any changes.

Optional: try the latest smplayer.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rvm/smplayer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install smplayer


hashdeep with sha1 and sha1sum create different results

I just ran that on my system and it went well these were my results:

Ran: hashdeep -c sha256 Xwrapper.config

%%%% HASHDEEP-1.0
%%%% size,sha256,filename
## Invoked from: /home/george/Documents/askubuntu
## $ hashdeep -c sha256 Xwrapper.config
##
630,c53eb030a8f9a2f7c08dd04e3611c9470f840d90d1261ef3e6643b1d1aff8608,/home/george/Documents/askubuntu/Xwrapper.config

Ran: sha256sum Xwrapper.config

c53eb030a8f9a2f7c08dd04e3611c9470f840d90d1261ef3e6643b1d1aff8608  Xwrapper.config

Ok let explain as best as I can, after checking several things I see some thing about how hashdeep and sha256sum see symbolic links. When I do stat /etc/mtab I see the size is 19, but when I run ( with the l, link option):

 hashdeep -o l /etc/mtab

It returns nothing but if I do:

 hashdeep -o f /atc/mtab

It returns the hash below but note that the size is 0 different from what stat /ec/mtab gave earlier:

 %%%% HASHDEEP-1.0
 %%%% size,md5,sha256,filename
 ## Invoked from: /etc
 ## $ hashdeep -o lf /etc/mtab
 ## 0,d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e,e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855,/etc/mtab

It sees the file as regular file since I used the f option and hence reports or calculates the sha256 from an empty file, whereas the sha256sum sees it as a symbolic link and of size 19. So simply put when the file is a regular file it gives similar results but not so when a link.

Note that that file is a link to proc/self/mounts which hashdeep still sees  as 0 in size but is seen by stat as 19 size, so hashdeep does follow that link but seems not to be able to read the contents or see the contents of that file. It does however see the /etc/vtrgb as a non-empty file, so I guess /etc/mtab link to /proc/self/mounts matters.

It even gets more interesting and confirms my suspicion about /etc/mtab link to /proc/self/mounts as I ran this on another link hashdeep /etc/vtrgb:

%%%% HASHDEEP-1.0
%%%% size,md5,sha256,filename
## Invoked from: /etc
## $ hashdeep /etc/vtrgb
## 158,1fb3c13c4fcfa8cc4131aba905df559e,684cd905549f78e025870dd5c8a3835e49f79f2bb08952eb7424537f6df5fa13,/etc/vtrgb

As you will note the size is not zero as was the case with /etc/mtab, and running:

 sha256sum /etc/vtrgb

Returns the same checksum:

 684cd905549f78e025870dd5c8a3835e49f79f2bb08952eb7424537f6df5fa13  /etc/vtrgb

Further investigation shows that hashdeep returns the same hash

0,d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e,e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

for all files and directory in /proc/ which is actually a pseudo filesystem hence their information is stored in memory not on disk. Whereas sha256sum does not but returns different checksum for these same files.


Adding ebook format (epub/mobi) support to document viewer

You can use FBReader.  FBReader is a multi-platform e-book reader.

  supports several open e-book formats: fb2, html, chm, plucker,
  palmdoc, ztxt, tcr (psion text), rtf, oeb, openreader, non-DRM'ed
  mobipocket, plain text, epub, eReader1

You can download and install from the Ubuntu Software Center, or click the image below:

1Source:Ubuntu Apps


"Documents" folder is inaccessible after upgrade

Maybe do a search for it?

find ~/ -type d -name "Documents"

This will search from your $HOME (~/) folder and up. d means look for folders. If that doesn't work try replacing d with f to look for a file if it somehow got compressed.

If you are able to find the folder and have restored it to the correct place you should be able to edit your config to show in Nautilus again.

gedit ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

And add the files you want, eg.

#
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

This will place the folder under the Places tab in Nautilus.


How to identify and kill hanging process, when system hangs and reacts slowly on user input?

There are two primary ways to identify hung processes. One is via the System Monitor GUI and the other is via top in command-line.
System Monitor
This can be found in System > Administration

You can also create a keyboard shortcut for this in this article.
Once the GUI launches you can select the Processes tab which will list all the running processes. Sort by the CPU column to find the most CPU intensive task

Lastly you can right click that task and choose to end it, stop it, or kill it. Killing it will immediately stop and remove that process from the system.

Command-Line
If you have a terminal open you can simply type top this will list all the running processes similar to that of the Processes tab in the GUI

Within top it is CPU sorted by default - so the top most CPU intensive tasks are at the top. At anytime you can press the letter k to kill a process

Simply type the PID of the process you wish to kill and press enter. It will ask for a Kill signal to send. To kill the process nicely use the default 15 - to kill it right away "Do not pass go, do not collect $200" use 9.

The process will then be terminated.
If you are experiencing sluggish interface you can try to SSH in remotely if that is enabled - or switch to a virtual console via Ctrl+Alt+F# Where F# is a Function Key (F3, F4, F5, etc). To return to the Desktop environment switch to either F7 or F8 depending on your version of Ubuntu.


Blank screen and empty logs at resume time?

I was able to fix the problem by reinstalling Ubuntu, again, and selecting/applying the proprietary NVIDIA driver, again, via Software & Updates > Additional Drivers. After doing that, my system remained bootable and the resume function works properly.


How can I setup wifi without LAN cable interface?

If your device has Bluetooth, you can use tethering to connect to the internet via another device using Bluetooth.

1: Connect your device to a device with an internet connection via Bluetooth, such as a smartphone.

2: Click the tray in the top right of the screen and click the WiFi dropdown menu.

3: Connect to your Bluetooth device.

You should now be able to connect to the internet using Bluetooth tethering.

You may have to enable Bluetooth tethering on your internet connected device before following these steps.


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS is not loading properly.

This problem is caused by an incompatibility with the Intel Atom SoCs. If you blacklist the "dw_dmac" module, the system should boot regularly. There are detailed instructions on how to do this if you search for "blacklist dw_dmac modprobe.d", add "grub", if you need to do it before loading the system.

Unfortunately, this fix seems to be not 100% reliable and you may still experience hibernation issues.

The Ubuntu version 12.04 should install and run without problems for you. If you do not need 14.04, that would be the safest route to take for now. However you may experience an issue with the brightness-function keys on your laptop, this can be solved as written in this guide:
http://itsfoss.com/fix-brightness-ubuntu-1310/

Other than that, you may try to install 15.10 next thursday or the beta now and see if the new kernel works better with the N-processors.


dual boot Windows 7 and Ubuntu 11.04, black screen when loading Windows

The black screen resulting while booting into Windows 7 (dual boot setup with Ubuntu 11.04) appears to have come from using the newest Nvidia Drivers for my 230m card.  Chose a Windows 7 restore point before the latest Nvidia drivers were installed and everything works in both WIndows 7 and Ubuntu 11.04.  Although, I am getting an odd message almost every time I boot up that my machine was put into hibernation mode because the temperature was getting too high.

Sean


You have to make your Ubuntu live usb persistant.So that any installed programs won't lost after rebooting.

What would be the differences between a persistent USB Live Session and a installed Ubuntu in a USB drive?

see this for how to make livecd persistence using loopback file.


Want to be able to push Ubuntu client image remotely from Ubuntu server

You can do (1) using MAAS and (2) using Landscape.

This is probably the best way on Ubuntu, but you can also use Chef, Puppet, Cobbler, and a lot of other tools.


I could not find the cause of the problem.  Re-installed.


I have a pain in the neck work around because i have an iphone se and run linux and don't purchase my music from the itunes store (I have many cds and record my own music). Anyways, I've managed to successful put music on my iphone se by installing windows vista through virtualbox and then using copytrans manager. I would imagine this method would work with any version of windows ie XP or 7. you can download virtualbox from the software manager but I'll put a link to their site and copytrans, hope this helps maybe.
https://www.virtualbox.org/
https://www.copytrans.net/


How to know current status of recording device?

You can use lsof -t /dev/video0.

It will return the process which owns the webcam (the first webcam should default to /dev/video0 but if you have more then one you may have a /dev/video1, /dev/video2 and so on).

On idle I got nothing:

$ lsof -t /dev/video0

If I start a Google Hangout for example:

$ lsof -t /dev/video0
4051


How to I update Ralink 5390 adapter driver via terminal?

In Linux, most drivers (the ones that are open source) come with the kernel; so the packages that contains the driver are linux-image-generic and (possibly) linux-firmware (1).

You can check if it is up-to-date with

apt-cache policy linux-image-generic
apt-cache policy linux-firmware

and updates should be automatic --- if not, the classical old sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get dist-upgrade should work.

Notice that sometime there is a problem in upgrades that makes that the old kernel is retained; in that case use

apt-get install linux-generic

to update the kernel/firmware to the last available for your distribution.

If the device has a not open-source or a driver which is not in the official kernel, things are different, and are very device-dependent.

Footnotes:

(1) normal kernels. change -generic with -rt or -lowlatency if you have some fancy (audio workstation, real time) configuration.


What's the correct way to reassign keys with xkb?

This neat command solves the problem:

setxkbmap -option lv3:rwin_switch


Why can pkg-config not find gsettings-desktop-schemas?

pkg-config needs a .pc file for your package somewhere on your system  in order to find the information it needs. I tried dpkg-query -L gsettings-desktop-schemas to show me all the files associated with that package, and there wasn't a .pc file. For comparison I did the same thing for a package that I knew pkg-config worked with, dpkg-query -L libx11-dev, and that did have a .pc file. So it wasn't a problem with pkg-config, it was a problem with my gsettings install.
It occurred to me that every time in the past I'd used pkg-config, it was to use a library that I'd installed with apt whose name ended with -dev, e.g. libx11-dev. So I tried sudo apt install gsettings-desktop-schemas-dev, and it worked.


Is there a way to set variables resolving to path in terminal e.g: ~ is for /home/

"~" is not variable, it is "link" to $HOME and some other variables. You can read more about tilde expansion in Bash Reference Manual.

With variables and aliases, like $HOME, you can use Ctrl-Alt-e to perform the readline function shell-expand-line.

Also, if you are interested in rich expanding features, you might try using zsh instead of bash.


How can I make my unnatural scrolling setting persistent between sessions?

For me the setting persistant during reboots. The setting is stored in ~/.config/lxqt/session.conf in the [Touchpad] section. Perhaps you could set it there manually?
For me the entry reads
Microsoft%2520Microsoft%25C2%25AE%25202.4GHz%2520Transceiver%2520v9.0%2520Mouse\naturalScrollingEnabled=0

You will have to replace the Mouse name of course. I have several other entries there as well.


Software Request Plasmoid For Kubuntu 18.04 to control CPU Frequency

Maybe something like this which I just created?

https://github.com/jsalatas/plasma-pstate


calling PHP script- getting the script as an output

As @vidarlo suggests, the short tags directive in the PHP configuration file is disabled.
If you'd like to use the short tags syntax, you'll have to enable it.
Change your php.ini file accordingly:

short_open_tag=On

And restart apache. Assuming you're using some kind of Debian-based system and apache2, execute the following command (or similar, depending on your system):

sudo service apache2 restart

Note: If you don't know where your php.ini configuration file is, just run the following in the terminal:

php --ini


First I have to say before loading Ubuntu Grub the computer need to know what device has the highest priority to boot. Usually this is the internal hard disk with the Ubuntu Grub, but you can change the device priority and set the CD to be the first device to boot so you'll boot from CD.

To boot from a LIVE CD  or LIVE USB, you have 2 options:

Enter BIOS
Use Boot Menu pressing F12

Enter The BIOS

The most generic way is the first one, to access the BIOS of your PC pressing DEL/ESC when PC is starting, you can follow this small tutorial: How to enter your BIOS

Once you're in the BIOS you have to change in the BOOT tab the Boot Device Priority and set your CD/DVD the first one, save and restart.

You have another small tutorial about changing device priority here: Change Boot Order Tutorial

Once you succesfully changed the priority, your PC should boot from CD and you'll see the Menu that says "Try Ubuntu..."

Use Boot Menu

If your BIOS has this option, when the computer is starting, at the same time you can read in the bottom of the screen "Press DEL to enter SETUP" yo'll see "Press F12 to BOOT Menu".

If you Press F12 then it'll appear a Menu where you can select wich device boot from, so you should choose your CD/DVD drive or USB, and when the computer boot from the chosen drive, do the same as before, select "Try Ubuntu..."

This second way is easier because you avoid entering the BIOS but not all the computers has this option


I think full screen is designed for getting more space, so tabs do not appear in full screen.

Shortcuts:

Ctrl + Page Down or Ctrl + Tab: Next Tab
Ctrl + Page Up or Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Previous Tab
F11: Enter/Leave Full screen
Ctrl + T: New Tab
Ctrl + W: Close Tab


Quote from OP:

  It has been resolved I just had to go into NVIDIA X setting servers then from there click on X server display config and under the resolution tab click auto. If you don't have NVIDIA X setting server I have no idea what to do for you, but try to find one for your specific graphics card.


Error 24 : Write error : cannot write compressed block

OK I think I may have just solved this. I didn't notice at first that I was actually using the newer kernel rather than the old one. In my first couple of boots after update, the older kernel (5.0.-) was in use, rather than the newer one (5.3.-).
So with sudo apt purge linux-image-5.0.0-36-generic it looked like that freed some some space on /boot and voila computer says

Setting up initramfs-tools (0.133ubuntu10) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
(Reading database ... 328490 files and directories currently installed.)
Purging configuration files for linux-image-5.0.0-36-generic (5.0.0-36.39) ...
rmdir: failed to remove '/lib/modules/5.0.0-36-generic': Directory not empty
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.133ubuntu10) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.3.0-29-generic


Would the kernel change in 20.10 (from 20.04) adversely affect the cureent Broadcom wireless broadband driver on my Macbook Air, now running on 20.0?4

Within the strict limits of my question, it has been answered and resolved by the contributors to my inquiry. It turns out that my question was mooted by the way Ubuntu apparently works, and there was no apparent kernel change between 20.04 and 20.10. A thanks to guiverc for clear and unambiguous help in this matter.


Target file system doesn't have requested /sbin/init

Were you able to fix it? If so, you could share your solution here.

I too had this problem a few days back. And while I found various suggestions across forums that worked for someone else, it didn't work for me.

Finally I came across this solution here, that led me in the right direction

target filesystem doesn't have requested /sbin/init. /bin/sh: 0 : Can't open splash - Ubuntu 15.04

To summarize,

Create a fresh Ubuntu startup disk
Boot into it live (Select "Try Ubuntu")
Get the path of the /sbin folder of your installed OS (it will be /media/ubuntu/"something here"/sbin)
Copy the /sbin folder of your live ubuntu into your installed OS
(sudo cp -a /sbin/. /media/ubuntu/"something here"/sbin/)
Restart PC, and you should boot into your regular installed OS


What's is the difference between ">" and ">>" in shell command?

> is used to overwrite (“clobber”) a file and >> is used to append to a file.

Thus, when you use ps aux > file, the output of ps aux will be written to file and if a file named file was already present, its contents will be overwritten.

And if you use ps aux >> file, the output of ps aux will be written to file and if the file named file was already present, the file will now contain its previous contents and also the contents of ps aux, written after its older contents of file.


No Sound in Asus Zenbook 14 UX433FA after installing ubuntu 18.10

I got the solution by updating the kernel using ukuu

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:teejee2008/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ukuu

Open ukuu from the Activities and then select and install Linux 4.19.11

reboot

Enjoy the sound.


How to "open in terminal" when "viewing items as list" on Nautilus?

You are right. I'm sure someone knows how to magic free space into a long list. But here is how to do it until they get here:

Go up to the parent directory of the one you want, right click on the directory you want to open in terminal, and the option is there.

If going up to the parent directory isn't possible (because you're at the top of the tree, for example), right click on any directory in the list, select open in terminal and then type

cd ..

to change to the parent directory, and there you are.


Error message while installing the development version of Wine: Ubuntu 18.04

This error comes about because WineHQ wine-devel now requires the installation of an FAudio package for installation to succeed. Fortunately this can be worked around fairly easily under Ubuntu 18.04 by using the following 3 relatively simple steps:

1. Add the Wine PPA

You will need to add the 32bit architecture to your 64bit system as well as add the Wine PPA and key:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
wget -nc https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
sudo apt-key add winehq.key
sudo apt-get update

2. Add FAudio

For Ubuntu 18.04 (a different approach is required for newer versions of Ubuntu) the following steps should be used next:

cd ~/Downloads
wget https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Emulators:/Wine:/Debian/xUbuntu_18.04/amd64/libfaudio0_19.07-0~bionic_amd64.deb
wget https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Emulators:/Wine:/Debian/xUbuntu_18.04/i386/libfaudio0_19.07-0~bionic_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i libfaudio0_19.07-0~bionic_amd64.deb libfaudio0_19.07-0~bionic_i386.deb
sudo apt --fix-broken install

This is perhaps a little easier than adding yet another PPA, the OpenSuse Build Service PPA...

3. Install Wine -devel

And now finally install the latest development version of Wine:

sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-devel

Finally test your installation, as seen on my own system:

andrew@corinth:~$ wine --version
wine-5.0
andrew@corinth:~$

And now you are right to go :)

References:

Installing WineHQ packages: The canonical details for installing any version of Wine from the developers' PPA
FAudio for Debian and Ubuntu: Details of the FAudio issue that affects Ubuntu 18.04 especially
openSUSE download server: Xubuntu_18.04: The download location for the amd64 and i386 Debian FAudio packages. Note that these packages will be updated from time to time, most recent update Jan 27th 2020 (used in this answer).


Gpg symmetric decryption reduce the passphrase remember time

With --no-use-agent you are always asked for a passphrase:

gpg --no-use-agent -d myfile.gpg


How can I display keyboard shortcuts as I press them?

Screenkey

Screenkey is a screencast tool to display your keys inspired by Screenflick for Mac OS and based initially on key-mon project.
It’s useful to create screencasts and is also a powerful teaching tool.

sudo apt install screenkey

For older versions of Ubuntu you can download screenkey .deb file from launchpad directly.

The original project by Pablo Seminario (2010-2012) is no longer maintained.


How can i resize root partion using gparted?

The allocated space needs contiguously come after the /dev/sda7 partition. I would right click on the /dev/sda7 partition and go to resize and move and drag the /dev/sda7 partition (that's between the resize arrows) so that it's before the gray space and that the gray space comes after. If it takes awhile to move, let it do it's thing and after it's moved, as long as the unallocated space is AFTER the /dev/sda7 partition, you should now be able to extend the partition. If that doesn't work, please let me know because I spent several hours when I had this problem a couple months ago.


Simply run the below command on tty,

sudo service lightdm restart


Kernels 4.15.0-29 through -36 caused top panel network options to disappear. 18.04 16.xx

The problem was that there were dkms drivers that were tainting the -29 kernel.

You can see if you have a tainted kernel with:

grep -i taint /var/log/syslog*

Then I did a dkms remove of the broadcom and r8168 dkms drivers.

And I uninstalled:

broadcom-sta-dkms
r8168-dkms

rebooted, and the top panel icon/menu were back to normal.

Update #1:

Well, I spoke too soon. The problem is back. The ethernet interface is screwy. I booted into Windows 10, once, and the ethernet interface worked fine. I'll have to test some more, but it looks like a Ubuntu problem... one that only showed up after the -29 kernel update.

Update #2:

Lets try this again. I removed the GNOME shell extension GSConnect here, and then manually deleted the bits and pieces of software that it left behind, and then manually uninstalled kdeconnect. My network icon is back in the top panel, and the network menus now correctly show the ethernet and wireless interfaces... and funny enough, it also fixed a problem with Software & Updates where it wouldn't allow me to select/deselect repositories!

Update #3:

Well, everything in Update #2 didn't really fix the problem(s). I note that if I boot the machine with the wireless connected, and the ethernet unplugged, it all works fine. If I then connect the ethernet cable, it never connects, and it looks like I never obtain an IPv4 network address. I think that if I boot with the ethernet cable already connected, the original symptoms with the icon/menu are there. I don't believe that netplan has anyting to do with the problem. I also note, in case example of one, that if I boot Windows 10, then Ubuntu 18.04, it all seems to work as expected.

Update #4:

If you're running on a SSD, you run the risk of things  booting faster than the network is coming online and then you'll need to modify the following file: /etc/systemd/system/network-online.target.wants/NetworkManager-wait-online.service

[Unit]
Description=Network Manager Wait Online
Documentation=man:nm-online(1)
Requires=NetworkManager.service
After=NetworkManager.service
Before=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/nm-online -s -q --timeout=60
RemainAfterExit=yes

[Install]
WantedBy=network-online.target

and change the timeout from 30 to 60.

Update #5:

Darn. Update #4 really didn't fix the problem after all.

Update #6:

The network problems in 18.04 (and probably updated 16.xx too) occurred in kernels 4.15.0-29 through -36. Upgrading to 18.10 with its 4.18 kernel, fixes the problem! Yeah!


VSFTPD is the most secure.
Install vsftpd and a PAM library and you can do:

Create user accouts with custom directories (in /var/www/ for example)
Set directories with the correct chmod and chown
Create a admin user with full access to the server
Troubleshoot
create FTP users but no local unix users (no shell access, no home directory and so on).  aka virtual users.


cannot access ubuntu after restart chromebook

I would recommend you use xiwi. Xiwi should get Crouton working for you as it routes the X11 server into a window for you. See: https://github.com/dnschneid/crouton/wiki/crouton-in-a-Chromium-OS-window-%28xiwi%29

However, if you're not interested in that fix then I'll elaborate your problem and try to help. What you've stumbled on to a known bug that can be fixed by downgrading ChromeOS (I don't recommend this) and perhaps trying a different version of Ubuntu. Which reminds me it would be nice to know your exact versions that you're working with here.  Okay so if you wanna keep trying to get this work try this:

> shell
$ sudo enter-chroot
Entering /mnt/stateful_partition/crouton/chroots/precise...
$ ls -l /dev/dri
crw-rw---- 1 root video 226, 0 Dec 27 13:18 card0
crw-rw---- 1 root video 226, 1 Dec 27 13:18 card1
[...truncated...]
$ sudo rm /dev/dri/card0
$ sudo mv /dev/dri/card1 /dev/dri/card0

If you don't see card1 and card0 don't bother with the above commands.The above may get it to work for you but you may run in to problems where you have to re-run these command after every reboot.

A little more detail on your specific issue can be found here: https://github.com/dnschneid/crouton/issues/1978


I guess you're installing from a CD and you have not checked the case : "install updates from internet".
If you do, then it might be that connection is a bit slow.

If You don't, there is an arrow next to the progress bar that you can click on, the pieces of informations written there (in a terminal like) could have help us tell you what's taking so long.


As suggested in the comments a recent gparted live CD solved my problem. I could resize the partition without problems using a live CD of gparted v0.30.0.

However my laptop did not boot after the resizing. The grub got destroyed!!
I solved this with a live CD of systemrescueCd. I restored the grub using the solution 2 from here.


How to get rid of mintsystem and other mint components

You can use Synaptic Package Manager.

Install Synaptic

sudo apt-get install synaptic

Open it with

synaptic-pkexec

On the left window side select Origin.
Scroll this list to something linuxmint related. Then it will show  packages in the right (installed ones should have green square mark).
You can remove or purge them with corresponding menu entries.
Do not forget to click Apply when you are done.

Or aptitude:

aptitude search "?origin (linuxmint) ?installed"

Then remove or purge found packages by hand.


Duplicity/Deja-dup - full backup frequency

Yeay! I found it! :D First install dconf-editor:

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

Second run dconf-editor. In path /org/gnome/deja-dup/ is a key full-backup-period. Default is 90 days - every 90 days full backup is running. Changing that value is changing full backup frequency.


Grub questions, image background, version and Grub Customizer program

Grub customizer can set a custom background image for your grub loader screen but remember that you need to do some color restriction opearations and image should be stored in .PNG format then only it will be placed as a background of grub screen.


Try like this:

docker search ubuntu
docker pull ubuntu
docker run ubuntu
docker images

Thats the way you use docker.

To create a repository, sign into Docker Hub, click on Repositories then Create Repo:
dockerhub

When creating a new repository, you can choose to put it in your Docker ID namespace, or that of any Organization that you are in the “Owners” team. The Repository Name needs to be unique in that namespace, can be two to 255 characters, and can only contain lowercase letters, numbers or - and _.

The “Short Description” of 100 characters is used in the search results, while the “Full Description” can be used as the Readme for the repository, and can use Markdown to add simple formatting.

After you hit the “Create” button, you then need to docker push images to that Hub based repository.

Pushing a Docker container image to Docker Hub

To push a repository to the Docker Hub, you must name your local image using your Docker Hub username, and the repository name that you created through Docker Hub on the web.

You can add multiple images to a repository, by adding a specific : to it (for example docs/base:testing). If it’s not specified, the tag defaults to latest.

You can name your local images either when you build it, using docker build -t /[:], by re-tagging an existing local image docker tag  /[:], or by using docker commit  /[:] to commit changes.

Now you can push this repository to the registry designated by its name or tag.

docker push <hub-user>/<repo-name>:<tag>


Can't use Ubuntu in dual boot because touchpad, mouse and keyboard do not work

I don't know if this helps, but I had a similar problem with similar specs.  It turned out to be the USB drive I was using to boot the installer.  It was a legacy drive and my BIOS was set not to allow legacy boot devices.  When I created a new install on a different USB drive it worked perfectly.


20 GB or more should be plenty for those Linux distros. The minimum space requirements you found are plenty for installing quite a few programs.

The 8 GB of swap is suggested but not required, since you have the space you might as well use 8 GB.

Leaving 10 GB for user settings and files sounds fine since you will store most of your files on the larger "EXTRAS" partition.


How do you switch from Wayland back to Xorg in Ubuntu 17.10?

When you boot your system and get to the GDM login screen you should find a cogwheel (⚙) next to the sign in button. If you click on the cogwheel you should find an Ubuntu on Xorg option which will start an Xorg session instead of a Wayland session.


How to access Ubuntu files from another Ubuntu installation on the same PC

Yes that would work. If you load up the Ubuntu installation on a CD/USB you can view every file on your computer. Using this it should show your old Ubuntu files if you look in the right place.

Or you could try and reinstll the grub menu This should show you how:  http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/ubuntu/reinstall-ubuntu-grub-bootloader-after-windows-wipes-it-out/


I solved this problem. I change the format type from fat32 to ntfs.


It is always possible to delete EVERYTHING, start from scratch, and install a new Operating System (in fact this tends to be the easiest way to install an OS). This holds for Linux, Mac OS, and Windows.

When you boot from the Windows Live Media (e.g. installation DVD) and choose an option similar to "Erase disk and install", it will delete EVERRYTHING on the disk, create NTFS partitions, install Windows, and install the Windows boot loader.

Also note that it's possible to have Windows and Ubuntu on your computer at the same time. This is called dual boot.


How can I use abcde to rip to mp3 and embed album art under Trusty and Xenial?

For both Trusty and Xenial it is a good idea to use one of the multimedia PPAs of mc3man to get the most modern abcde available:

1. Installation for Trusty:

Add the following PPA and some required packages:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mc3man/trusty-media
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install abcde lame eyed3 glyrc imagemagick cdparanoia

2. Installation for Xenial:

Add the following PPA and some required packages:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mc3man/xerus-media
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install abcde lame eyed3 glyrc imagemagick cdparanoia

3. Running abcde for Trusty or Xenial:

You can use a customised ~/.abcde.conf file to get quality mp3 files as well as album art but if you just want to use the commandline simply use the following, under either Trusty or Xenial:

abcde -o mp3:-V2 -a default,getalbumart

This will find the album art and download it next to your mp3 files which will be encoded to Variable Bitrate with bitrate averaging between 170-210 kbps. What more could you want?

4. Embed the album art?

Well, you could want to actually embed the cover image into your mp3 files. To do this simply change to the directory that holds your mp3s and the cover image and run the following:

for i in *.mp3
do
eyeD3 --add-image cover.jpg:FRONT_COVER "$i"
done

And now you are done :)

References:

Hydrogen Audio: Lame recommended Settings


How do I make xmacro in ubuntu playback at the same speed

It seems that you can adjust delay parameter ("delay in milliseconds for events sent to remote display", it is defaulted to 10 ms), but you can increase this value to 100:

xmacroplay -d 100 "$DISPLAY" < test.file

See xmacroplay -h for details.


How to install secure MySQL using Ansible on Ubuntu 16.04

Take a look at this Ansible Module, it provides an easy and idempotent way for mysql_secure_installation in Ansible

Example - with a fresh MySQL Installation

- name: test mysql_secure_installation
  mysql_secure_installation:
    login_password: ''
    new_password: password22
    user: root
    login_host: localhost
    hosts: ['localhost', '127.0.0.1', '::1']
    change_root_password: true
    remove_anonymous_user: true
    disallow_root_login_remotely: true
    remove_test_db: true
  register: mysql_secure

# To see detailed output
- debug:
    var: mysql_secure

Example - Change an existing root password

- name: test mysql_secure_installation
  mysql_secure_installation:
    login_password: password22
    new_password: password23
    user: root
    login_host: localhost
    hosts: ['localhost', '127.0.0.1', '::1']

  For usage: All you have to do is create a dir called library in your playbooks or role's dir and copy the mysql_secure_installation.py to it,

you can find a Full example in the following Link

https://github.com/eslam-gomaa/mysql_secure_installation_Ansible


I had the same problem and I noticed in (System → Administration → Printing> Policies) that I needed to put a check mark by "Enabled" "Accepting jobs" and "Shared".


Will Ubuntu allow me to avoid "the cloud", and keep my stuff on my computer, not a stranger's?

Yes, Ubuntu is free. You don't have to pay for it in currency or privacy.

Possible concerns:

It used to be that Canonical stuck a deal with Amazon, and allowed searches on a standard Ubuntu desktop to go to Amazon after being anonymized by Canonical servers. It was on by default and could be easily disabled, but, following backlash, it's now disabled by default (see How can I remove Amazon search results from the dash or disable the feature?, Ubuntu with spyware?).
Tracking could be via the Popularity Contest, which tracks installation statistics - but this is also opt-in and anyonymous. (What is the 'popularity-contest' package for?)
There's also the recommendation system used by Ubuntu Software Centre, but that's going away soon and there haven't been many privacy concerns about it that I know of. (What data does the Software Centre use to give you recommendations?)

As for the cloud, Ubuntu used to have a cloud service called Ubuntu One, and it's long since dead. Now Ubuntu One exists as a single-sign-on (SSO) service for other Canonical products (Launchpad, Ubuntu Forums, Ubuntu Wiki, etc.). It was also opt-in while it existed.


Had same problem. Couldn't find a solution online. Here is what worked for me. (assuming you already have Gnome installed)

My xstartup file:

#!/bin/sh

# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
unset SESSION_MANAGER
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
gnome-session –session=gnome-classic &
gnome-panel&

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
x-window-manager &

I added:

gnome-session –session=gnome-classic &
gnome-panel&

and uncommented:

unset SESSION_MANAGER

Also modified $defaultXStartup section of /usr/bin/vncserver so that the default xstartup is the same as above:

$defaultXStartup
    = ("#!/bin/sh\n\n".
       "# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:\n".
       "unset SESSION_MANAGER\n".
       "# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc\n".
       "gnome-session –session=gnome-classic &\n".
       "gnome-panel&\n\n".
       "[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup\n".
       "[ -r \$HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb \$HOME/.Xresources\n".
       "xsetroot -solid grey\n".
       "vncconfig -iconic &\n".
       "x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title \"\$VNCDESKTOP Desktop\" &\n".
       "x-window-manager &\n");

And that did the trick for me!


How do I stop Google Chrome windows from "following" me across Unity workspaces?

It turns out that the default behaviour was that the workspace would only include the primary display (and I always put Chrome on the secondaries). Using gnome-tweaks, under "Workspaces", by switching "Display handling" to "Workspaces span displays", I made it work the way it was intended.


~/.xsession is only used when no X session is selected. Use ~/.xsessionrc to run programs at startup.

As using ~/.Xdefaults is obsolete, Ubuntu, like about any other modern X environment,  uses ~/.Xresources at startup (see for example here for some reasons). So if you put your settings in ~/.Xresources you don't need to run xrdb as Ubuntu is doing this for you.

See /etc/X11/Xsession and /etc/X11/Xsession.d/* if you want to know more about what Ubuntu is doing when you start a X session.


Ethernet connection not working on Ubuntu 20.04

Router/cabling problem
modem--> main router--> secondary bridged router--> PC
Your ethernet link speed is only 100Mbs. It's capable of 1Gbs. Check that you're using cat 5e or cat 6 cables. Check that your routers support 1G LAN ports.
After moving the cat 5e cable from computer directly to your main router, from the secondary bridged router, ethernet now works. Check your configuration of the secondary router.
Netplan
Change your /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml file to look like this:
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply
reboot
Then use the NetworkManager applet to connect to the "Wired Connection".


If you are using laptop, press function key(Fn) and press left arrow(<-)key to lower the brightness of your screen


What is the $DISPLAY environment variable?

The magic word in the X window system is DISPLAY. A display consists (simplified) of:

a keyboard,
a mouse
and a screen.

A display is managed by a server program, known as an X server. The server serves displaying capabilities to other programs that connect to it.
The remote server knows where it has to redirect the X network traffic via the definition of the DISPLAY environment variable which generally points to an X Display server located on your local computer.
The value of the display environment variable is:
hostname:D.S

where:
hostname is the name of the computer where the X server runs. An omitted hostname means the localhost.
D is a sequence number (usually 0). It can be varied if there are multiple displays connected to one computer.
S is the screen number. A display can actually have multiple screens. Usually, there's only one screen though where 0 is the default.
Example of values
localhost:4
google.com:0
:0.0

hostname:D.S means screen S on display D of host hostname; the X server for this display is listening at TCP port 6000+D.
host/unix:D.S means screen S on display D of host host; the X server for this display is listening at UNIX domain socket /tmp/.X11-unix/XD (so it's only reachable from host).
:D.S is equivalent to host/unix:D.S, where host is the local hostname.
:0.0 means that we are talking about the first screen attached to your first display in your local host
Read more here: support.objectplanet.com and here: superuser.com and here: docstore.mik.ua.
From a X(7) man page:

From the user's perspective, every X server has a display name
of the form:
hostname:displaynumber.screennumber
This information is used by the application to determine how it should
connect to the server and which screen it should use by default (on
displays with multiple monitors):
hostname The hostname specifies the name of the machine to which the
display is physically connected. If the hostname is not given, the
most efficient way of communicating to a server on the same machine
will be used.  displaynumber The phrase "display" is usually used to
refer to a collection of monitors that share a common keyboard and
pointer (mouse, tablet, etc.). Most workstations tend to only have one
keyboard, and therefore, only one display. Larger, multi-user systems,
however, frequently have several displays so that more than one person
can be doing graphics work at once. To avoid confusion, each display
on a machine is assigned a display number (beginning at 0) when the X
server for that display is started. The display number must always be
given in a display name.  screennumber Some displays share a single
keyboard and pointer among two or more monitors. Since each monitor
has its own set of windows, each screen is assigned a screen number
(beginning at 0) when the X server for that display is started. If the
screen number is not given, screen 0 will be used.


answer turned out to be that I needed to remove the additional drivers - when I uninstalled them, the wireless became functional.


How to run a script only a single time ever?

I found your question interesting so I tried to figure out how to do it.

I thought this: create a script that could delete itself after being run. This way the script could do its job and then ... goodbye!

Here's the code

#!/bin/bash

# Test script based on informations found on
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/59895/can-a-bash-script-tell-what-directory-its-stored-in
# trying to understand if it's possibile to achieve what asked on
# http://askubuntu.com/questions/161682/how-to-run-a-script-only-a-single-time-ever

# Let's try to find in which directory the script is
# It should account for spaces, link, etc.
SOURCE="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"
DIR="$( dirname "$SOURCE" )"
while [ -h "$SOURCE" ]
do
  SOURCE="$(readlink "$SOURCE")"
  [[ $SOURCE != /* ]] && SOURCE="$DIR/$SOURCE"
  DIR="$( cd -P "$( dirname "$SOURCE"  )" && pwd )"
done
DIR="$( cd -P "$( dirname "$SOURCE" )" && pwd )"

# We know the name of the script from 'basename $0'
NAME=`basename $0`

# Merge them to have the full path to the script
FULL_PATH=$DIR/$NAME
echo $FULL_PATH

# Let's be a bit theatrical
echo "This script will self destruct in"
for ((i=5;i>0;i--))
do
    echo $i
    sleep 1
done

# Goodbye!
rm $FULL_PATH

Save this test code and make it executable to test it.
Remember it deletes itself when it's run so don't forget to have a backup before testing it!


Able to send outgoing emails, but not internal

If you installed more than one MTA on your system, now or in the past, you might have leftovers of those installs.
As suggested elsewhere, try:

   sudo apt-get purge sendmail sendmail-bin

Make sure that the following dependencies - sendmail-base,sendmail-cf and sendmail-bin - are removed.  Then reinstall sendmail.

If you have Postfix installed, you may not need to reinstall sendmail-bin.
HTH

FOLLOW-UP:
sSMTP is only meant to send email to a mail hub. To the best of my knowledge you cannot use it for anything else. So, either you setup your machine as a mail server or you start using an outside mail hub.
Installing PostFix would be a way of acheiving what you want though. If you do so I would recommend you first uninstall ssmtp.


Make bootable disk/usb in ubuntu 13.10 of windows iso

you can use WinUSB application. To install open your terminal and paste these lines

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:colingille/freshlight
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install winusb

Credit Goes Here


How do I install video drivers for my Radeon HD 6450?

Your BIOS settings may be a place to find a solution. See if there is a way to activate both ports (onboard and external) rather than one or the other. With the monitor attached to the VGA port you should be able to install the correct drivers for your card, to find them visit AMD
http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/Pages/index.aspx

1: desktop graphics
2: radeon hd series
3: radeon hd 6xxx series pcie
4: linux x86_64

source:http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1718183


use with caution

dpkg --force-depends ....

or use with caution

dpkg --force-all ....

For more information invoke:

dpkg --force-help


How to reset evolution settings to defaults?

For version 3.4, as Evolution switched to dconf, a complete cleanup would mean:

evolution --force-shutdown
rm -rf ~/.local/share/evolution
rm -rf ~/.gconf/apps/evolution
rm -rf ~/.cache/evolution
rm -rf ~/.config/evolution
dconf reset -f /org/gnome/evolution/

To be absolutely safe, you may additionally remove all gconf info. If it's not there, it cannot be removed (which is fine in your case as well) -- and if it's still there, you want it removed. For this:

Shutdown gconf: gconftool-2 --shutdown
Check if the gconf daemon process is gone: ps aux | grep gconf

if it's still there, kill it: kill -9 12345 (replace "12345" with the PID found)

Let all rockets go, shoot at everything moving:
sudo gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/evolution
sudo gconftool --recursive-unset /apps/evolution
gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/evolution
gconftool --recursive-unset /apps/evolution

I put the commands with "sudo" first (some howtos mention you must be root for that). After the first gconftool call without sudo, you need to repeat the daemon shutdown, as that command automatically starts it again.

Now let's verify our success:

dconf dump /org/gnome/evolution/
gconftool --dump /apps/evolution

This should now yield empty sets. If you start Evolution at this point, it should bring up the configuration wizard again (did it for me). If not (rare cases reported that), repeat the above, do not yet start Evolution again, but log out (optionally simply reboot to be on the save side), and login again. Now it should have done its job.

Remark: As these steps include/cover everything from gconf and dconf, they should work with all Evolution 3.x versions (previous versions had a different directory structure, so things need to be slightly adjusted for them).


The beta channel of the Firefox snap package is currently version 60.0b10, but the stable channel of the Firefox snap package is currently version  59.0.2-1, the same as the default Firefox apt package (version 59.0.2). So uninstall the Firefox snap package and install the default Firefox package instead. Open the terminal and type:

sudo snap remove --channel=beta firefox
sudo apt install firefox

After installation the channel for a particular snap may be changed during a refresh:

 sudo snap refresh --channel=stable firefox


I have to delete some stuff from /boot to make updates

It often depends on whether you have a separate /boot partition, if you're running out of space in that partition, you'll need to clear old kernel files to make room for the new ones. The recommended way to do this is to use:

sudo apt-get autoremove

This should leave you with your current kernel, and the previous one as a fallback. I tend to do this after running an update and successfully rebooting.


how to get rid of icons on unity's top right bar

I assume you are referring to the indicators. The basic way of removing indicators is via the terminal:

sudo apt-get remove my-weather-indicator.
sudo apt-get remove battery-status-indicator.
sudo apt-get remove evolution-indicator
sudo apt-get remove indicator-me indicator-messages.

etc for for respective indicators. This and some other methods are mentioned in an earlier post here (Since you are not telling us which solutions you have tried, it is not easy to know if you have tried them out already.)

Moreover, some indicators (at least) may be removed via the GUI, such as the keyboard layout indicator, as described here.


How can control my brightness of the display on hp nseries laptop

you can install xbacklight by running:

sudo apt-get install xbacklight -y

then Go System Settings > Keyboard > Shortcuts > Custom Shortcuts

Add followings :

Brightness Down = xbacklight -10
Brightness Up = xbacklight +10

then click on "Disabled" and press your preferred combinations keys (for ex. CTRL+F2 and CTRL+F3)


You need to connect to internet by wire and run in terminal

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

This will install the proper driver.

If you can't connect with cable, you can use an offline guide


No internet even though connected to Wifi network

I am also very new to Ubuntu, but my experience with computer's in general has always been that wired network is far more consistent & trustworthy than wireless.

Check if it is an error (user or software) in the browser you are using.
Go to System Settings and look at the internet settings.
Try connecting to various different websites.
Run your browser with nothing else open.

That is all the help I can offer. Good luck!

Edit:

Open a terminal and try to ping an internet site eg:

ping www.google.com

This is helpful information because it will indicate whether it's a connection problem or a proxy/firewall problem.


How to keep Baloo running but with lower ressource consumption?

All in all, bug KDE 333433 dealt with treatment of external media mounted on /home.

I had a symbolic link to an external media in /home (maybe a bad practice from me...).
This external media was excluded from the indexing (KDE System Config -> Search on Desktop).

After this exclusion, the situation seems to be cured : no freeze.
Baloo processes (baloo_file_extractor, baloo_file, akonadi_baloo_indexer and cleaner) run for some time (~1h) still with a rather high CPU (average over time ~40%) but affordable.
The computer is now running fine.


For me, the correct combination was QML App with C++ plugin (cmake) with the framework ubuntu-sdk-14.10-utopic.


trying to install Ubuntu 16.04 server - unresponsive keyboard during language selection

This may sound as a joke to you but it isn't.  I was facing the same problem on an Acer laptop where both the keyboard and the touchpad were not working at the same point your keyboard doesn't.  This is how I was able to overcome this problem.  I'm just hoping it's going to work on your system too.

Right after you press Enter on the Install Ubuntu server option, start pressing random keys on your keyboard at a rate of approximately two per second till you see the next screen appear.  This hack makes the keyboard send the keys you press and eventually it gets detected correctly and it works.

As I said, this worked in my case.  It's a very "low tech" suggestion but...  who knows?!


gThumb 3.2.7 Browser and Viewer how do I set a black background, old fix no longer available on d-conf

I've mixed the applications and this answer is not about gThumb. But I've decided to leave it here at the moment. This answer is about the application ImageViewer, that actually is called [1] EoG - Eye of GNOME.

You can change the background colour of ImageViewer through its settings: ImageViewer Menu > Preferences > Image View [tab].

If you want to change the background colour within the application ImageViewer via dconf-editor go to: org > gnome > eog > view > background-color.

Where rgb(255,255,0) is the RGB code of the yellow colour [2].

Or use gsettings [3], if you want to change this setting via the command line:

to get the current value use:

gsettings get org.gnome.eog.view background-color

to set a new value use:

gsettings set org.gnome.eog.view background-color 'rgb(255,255,0)'


Can ping IP address using wireless connection but not host names

My problem has been solved with several comments from several contributors:

@GabrielaGarcia pointed me to Installing Broadcom Wireless Drivers

Then @ubfan1 suggested to try installing package libnss-resolve. The libnss-resolve adds to the /etc/nsswitch.conf file's hosts's line so it looks like:

hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] resolve [!UNAVAIL=return] dns myhostname

All is now working.


sudo xrandr --addmode LVDS1 1976x1080_60.00 X Error of failed request: BadMatch (invalid parameter attributes)

I don't how you went about it but these are the steps I found that should be used:

Use xrandr to make sure that the new mode can fit within the maximum framebuffer size:

xrandr | grep maximum

Use gtf to create a mode line:

gtf 1440 900 59.9

Output would look like this:

# 1440x900 @ 59.90 Hz (GTF) hsync: 55.83 kHz; pclk: 106.29 MHz
Modeline "1440x900_59.90"  106.29  1440 1520 1672 1904  900 901 904 932  -HSync +Vsync

Add new mode from step 2 using xrandr

xrandr --newmode "1440x900_59.90"  106.29  1440 1520 1672 1904  900 901 904 932  -HSync +Vsync

Add this newly added mode to the desired output (VGA/LVDS etc):

xrandr --addmode VGA 1440x900_59.90

Choose the new mode:

xrandr --output VGA --mode 1440x900_59.90

Note:

Change these 1440x900_59.90 numbers to 1976x1080_60.00 based on your query.

Source:

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1112186

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Config/Resolution#Adding%20undetected%20resolutions


How to use windows phone as a webcam in Ubuntu 14.04?

The only method is to use Skype.  It is available on both Windows Phone and Ubuntu.  You'll just need 2 accounts.  But, you won't be able to use the video output of Skype directly without some trickery.

To use the Windows Phone as a true webcam is not possible.  Windows Phones don't expose their hardware through USB and it's only possible to use them as storage if they're rooted.


How to check the password entered is a valid password for this user?

Since you want to do this in a shell script, a couple of contributions in How to check password with Linux? (on Unix.SE, suggested by A.B.) are especially relevant:

rozcietrzewiacz's answer on generating a password hash that matches an entry in /etc/shadow gives part of the solution.
Daniel Alder's comment explains the different syntax of the mkpasswd command present in Debian (and Ubuntu).

To manually check if a string is really some user's password, you must hash it with the same hash algorithm as in the user's shadow entry, with the same salt as in the user's shadow entry. Then it can be compared with the password hash stored there.

I've written a complete, working script demonstrating how to do this.

If you name it chkpass, you can run chkpass user and it will read a line from standard input and check if it's user's password.
Install the whois  package to obtain the mkpasswd utility on which this script depends.
This script must be run as root to succeed.
Before using this script or any part of it to do real work, please see Security Notes below.

#!/usr/bin/env bash

xcorrect=0 xwrong=1 enouser=2 enodata=3 esyntax=4 ehash=5  IFS=$
die() {
    printf '%s: %s\n' "$0" "$2" >&2
    exit $1
}
report() {
    if (($1 == xcorrect))
        then echo 'Correct password.'
        else echo 'Wrong password.'
    fi
    exit $1
}

(($# == 1)) || die $esyntax "Usage: $(basename "$0") <username>"
case "$(getent passwd "$1" | awk -F: '{print $2}')" in
    x)  ;;
    '') die $enouser "error: user '$1' not found";;
    *)  die $enodata "error: $1's password appears unshadowed!";;
esac

if [ -t 0 ]; then
    IFS= read -rsp "[$(basename "$0")] password for $1: " pass
    printf '\n'
else
    IFS= read -r pass
fi

set -f; ent=($(getent shadow "$1" | awk -F: '{print $2}')); set +f
case "${ent[1]}" in
    1) hashtype=md5;;   5) hashtype=sha-256;;   6) hashtype=sha-512;;
    '') case "${ent[0]}" in
            \*|!)   report $xwrong;;
            '')     die $enodata "error: no shadow entry (are you root?)";;
            *)      die $enodata 'error: failure parsing shadow entry';;
        esac;;
    *)  die $ehash "error: password hash type is unsupported";;
esac

if [[ "${ent[*]}" = "$(mkpasswd -sm $hashtype -S "${ent[2]}" <<<"$pass")" ]]
    then report $xcorrect
    else report $xwrong
fi

Security Notes

It might not be the right approach.

Whether or not an approach like this should be considered secure and otherwise appropriate depends on details about your use case that you haven't provided (as of this writing).

It has not been audited.

Although I've tried to exercise care while writing this script, it has not been properly audited for security vulnerabilities. It is intended as a demonstration, and would be "alpha" software if released as part of a project. Furthermore...

Another user who's "watching" may be able to discover the user's salt.

Due to limitations in how mkpasswd accepts salt data, this script contains a known security flaw, which you may or may not consider acceptable depending on use case. By default, users on Ubuntu and most other GNU/Linux systems can view information about processes run by other users (including root), including their command-line arguments. Neither the user's input nor the stored password hash is passed as a command-line argument to any external utility. But the salt, extracted from the shadow database, is given as a command-line argument to mkpasswd, since this is the only way that utility accepts a salt as input.

If

another user on the system, or
anyone who has the ability to make any user account (e.g., www-data) run their code, or
anyone who otherwise can view information about running processes (including by manually inspecting entries in /proc)

is able to check the command-line arguments to mkpasswd as it is run by this script, then they can obtain a copy of the the user's salt from the shadow database. They might have to be able to guess when that command is run, but that is sometimes achievable.

An attacker with your salt is not as bad as an attacker with your salt and hash, but it's not ideal. The salt doesn't provide enough information for someone to discover your password. But it does allow someone to generate rainbow tables or pre-computed dictionary hashes specific to that user on that system. This is initially worthless, but if your security is compromised at a later date and the full hash is obtained, it could then be cracked more quickly to obtain the user's password before they get a chance to change it.

Thus this security flaw is an exacerbating factor in a more complex attack scenario rather than a fully exploitable vulnerability. And you might consider the above situation far-fetched. But I am reluctant to recommend any method for general, real-world use that leaks any non-public data from /etc/shadow to a non-root user.

You can avoid this problem completely by:

writing part of your script in Perl or some other language that lets you call C functions, as shown in Gilles's answer to the related Unix.SE question, or
writing your whole script/program in such a language, rather than using bash. (Based on the way you've tagged the question, it appears you prefer to use bash.)

Be careful how you call this script.

If you allow an untrusted user to run this script as root or to run any process as root that calls this script, be careful. By changing the environment, they can make this script--or any script that runs as root--do anything. Unless you can prevent this from occurring, you must not allow users elevated privileges for running shell scripts.

See 10.4. Shell Scripting Languages (sh and csh Derivatives) in David A. Wheeler's Secure Programming for Linux and Unix HOWTO for more information on this. While his presentation focuses on setuid scripts, other mechanisms can fall prey to some of the same problems if they don't correctly sanitize the environment.

Other Notes

It supports reading hashes from the shadow database only.

Passwords must be shadowed for this script to work (i.e., their hashes should be in a separate /etc/shadow file that only root can read, not in /etc/passwd).

This should always be the case in Ubuntu. In any case, if needed the script can be trivially extended to read password hashes from passwd as well as shadow.

Keep IFS in mind when modifying this script.

I set IFS=$ at the beginning, since the three data in the hash field of a shadow entry are separated by $.

They also have a leading $, which is why the hash type and salt are "${ent[1]}" and "${ent[2]}" rather than "${ent[0]}" and "${ent[1]}", respectively.

The only places in this script where $IFS determines how the shell splits or combines words are

when these data are split into an array, by initializing it from the unquoted $( ) command substitution in:

set -f; ent=($(getent shadow "$1" | awk -F: '{print $2}')); set +f

when the array is reconstituted into a string to compare to the full field from shadow, the "${ent[*]}" expression in:

if [[ "${ent[*]}" = "$(mkpasswd -sm $hashtype -S "${ent[2]}" <<<"$pass")" ]]

If you modify the script and have it perform word splitting (or word joining) in other situations, you'll need to set IFS to different values for different commands or different parts of the script.

If you don't keep this in mind and assume $IFS is set to the usual whitespace ($' \t\n'), you could end up making your script behave in some pretty weird-seeming ways.


Resize Ubuntu 10.04 VirtualBox VM virtual disk

The last 2 comments  in this forum greatly helped me, which said:

  Oxwivi

  Do I do that on Windows? Because if I do that it says:
  'vboxmanage' is
  not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or
  batch file.

  sean.dybob
  June 8th, 2011, 09:07 AM

  vboxmanage is found inside the virtualbox installation directory, should be inside
  C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\ directory.

These are the steps I did (Host OS is Windows):

1) File >> Virtual Media Manager >> Select VDI >> Release

2) Copy the location of the VDI inside the Properties box. In my case, it's:

C:\Users\Se7eN\VirtualBox VMs\LUCID_LYNX\JH.vdi

3) Go to Google.com and type your desired size in gigabyte to be converted to megabyte. For example: 10 GB = MB

The result would be 10240.

4) Open the command line and type/copy this:

cd C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox

This is the location of the VirtualBox software you installed in your computer.

Notice that you have two VirtualBox folders, 1) "VirtualBox VMs", which contains your virtual machines, and 2) "VirtualBox", which is the program.

5) Lastly, run:

VBoxManage modifyhd YOUR_VDI_LOCATION --resize SIZE_IN_MEGABYTES

VBoxManage modifyhd C:\Users\Se7eN\VirtualBox VMs\LUCID_LYNX\JH.vdi --resize 10240

I have screenshots for all of the above steps, but need to earn more than 10 reputation to upload the image. Hope this helps. Thanks.


how can i resolve unable located pgk for conky in ubuntu 19.10?

The conky-manager is not available in the official repositories of all supported Ubuntu versions (including 19.10).

You can try to find PPA with this package on the corresponding LaunchPad page and/or request building of it for Ubuntu 19.10 (Eoan Ermine) on PPA page.

Update 20191103: tomtomtom released Conky Manager package for 19.10.


Skype locking up, and microphone "lagging"

This may be unrelated, but i had all sorts of problems with ubuntu skype, until i went into skype configuration an unchecked, allow skype to manage sound settings.


How to install dssp (secondary structure assignments) under 12.04?

DSSP is not in official ubuntu repositories, but you can install it manually:

sudo wget ftp://ftp.cmbi.ru.nl/pub/software/dssp/dssp-2.0.4-linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/dssp

or

sudo wget ftp://ftp.cmbi.ru.nl/pub/software/dssp/dssp-2.0.4-linux-i386 -O /usr/local/bin/dssp

And for the end:

sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/dssp


When my screen is locked, will running processes/internet connection be halted?

My answer to your question is It should not.
As far as i have been using Ubuntu i have seen processes stopping only when it is told to do so (I use a rhythmbox plugin which stops playing msic when the screnn gets locked without that plugin the music goes on.). Also i do the same thing that you do i.e lock the screen and keep stuff for syncing, downloading etc but it has never happened that the process gets stopped.


Maintaining multiple Linux distros - boot and grub partitions

The bios_grub partition is needed for enabling Legacy BIOS booting in GPT/UEFI setups. If you're booting with UEFI, which I, for the sake of simplicity, assume you do, you won't need it at all.

You can use the existent SWAP partition for all installed Linux systems, as they can't be booted simultaneously.

If you don't want a shared /home, the only thing you need to do is to create a root partition for the new system in the unallocated space on installation time (i.e. set its mount point to /) and format it as EXT4. As you are asking on AskUbuntu, I assume you'll be installing Ubuntu next. Ubuntu will automatically use existing swap partitions. If you install an OS that doesn't use it automatically, you can afterwards tell it to use the swap partition by adding the following to your /etc/fstab in the new system:

UUID=<uuid of /dev/sda6>    none    swap    sw  0   0

You can get the UUID with sudo blkid. To apply the new fstab, run sudo swapon /dev/sda6.

The boot loader for the new installation will have to go into /dev/sda1, the EFI partition. The newly installed GRUB should recognize the other installations. If not, run sudo update-grub after first boot.


What changed with timidity, alsa and jack in 11.10?

[The initial glitch sound persists in 12.04]

However, it can be avoided with the commandline option --output-24bit, which also gives somewhat richer sound.


How to fix these problems installing imgdupes

Install pip with this command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall python-pip

run this version with pip or pip2
and/or the Python 3 version of the package

sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3-pip

run this version with pip3


External HDMI Monitor not working with vmlinuz-3.13.0-51-generic

Hate to report that we've solved the problem by removing the HDMI cable, fully shutting down the computers (we'd only been 'restarting' before) and replacing the HDMI cable once booted up and logged in.

Now we can restart without removing the cable and it works fine.


Installing SoftEther VPN Client&Server Manager on Ubuntu 20.04

I would not suggest setting up SoftEther Client for Linux since it could be difficult for new users. I would suggest using L2TP/IPsec, SSTP, or OpenVPN as a client for SoftEtherVPN (If you need to set a mac address for a static IP for the user, you can do that within the notes section of the user account). If you really need the SoftEther client, then this should help you. But I'd suggest getting the client from softether.org.
You can get the VPN server manager up and running on your system by downloading the windows version in zip form. You can then extract it and run it mostly without issues via Wine. (That's how I do it at least)


Optimize video filesize without quality loss

In the mystical land of the PNG, the most effective way of near-lossless compression is to compress the image with almost every possible combination of settings and compare the output. This is what applications like pngcrush do.

There's no reason why a similar process wouldn't work, on paper. In practice, there are a few issues:

Compressing video once is already a much longer process than encoding a PNG image.
There are about 1000 times as many configuration combinations.
Those two conspire to make the process exponentially longer by several powers.
It would also use an unreasonable amount of disk space, memory and CPU time.
Frames blend if there's a framerate change and obviously change if you change the frame size or crop, making comparison process even harder

To top it all off, you're dealing with content that's already poisoned with artefacts and encoding sludge. My simple answer for "Is there a simple way" has to be No.

But if you have a shed load of low-compression videos like FLV (a fairly rubbish compression in my experience with the format), it might be worth having a go with ffmpeg or mencoder for the FLVs. Something like this might work:

find -iname '*.flv' -exec \
    mencoder {} -o {}.recomp.avi -ovc x264 -x264encopts threads=9:bitrate=400 -oac mp3lame -lameopts abr:br=52 \;

But there will be loss. You just have to judge how much is acceptable.


Check out:

Krakatau; the author is active on stackoverflow.com.
CFR
Procyon decompiler
Fernflower and mirror


Posting as an answer, because there isn't enough space in the comments:

Open up this link: define:test
Right click the text that says "/test/"
Inspect element
You should see the following around the highlighted line:

▼
  ▶_
   "/"
▶_

The last line is the line that contains the span for both the speaker image and the audio tag for the pronunciation.  The image is base64 encoded.  If you can see this picture of a happy bus then that part is working.

If you cannot, then something is very wrong with your browser or the version you have is very old (or you have images turned off or something hard to tell or guess).

So mostly, I want to figure out if you see the last line in your html output, and if so does your browser properly display base64 encoded images.  One of these two should not be the case.


Can't preseed Ubuntu Desktop installation

It old, but it may worth consider... Try using alternate ISO, it says here (https://serverfault.com/questions/143296/how-to-get-http-preseed-to-work-correctly-on-ubuntu-10-04-lts-lucid) that preseed don't work with desktop iso

I succeed with server ISO with this boot line :
ESC + F6 + ESC, then edit boot line with :

Edit : Work better with what in bold

install auto=true priority=critical url=http://IP/path/to/file/filename initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet ---

The reason why preseed appear to not working with Desktop ISO seems related to ubuntu installer which for desktop is now Ubiquity

Ref.: Preseeding does not work properly in Ubuntu 14.04

Ubiquity links:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Ubiquity
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbiquityAutomation

So you may search about that to figure out how to preseed Desktop ISO properly.


Why does Windows 7 overall performance is better than Ubuntu 11.10?

Ubuntu 11.10 is an extreme exception in Ubuntu versions, and it is slower than other versions. It's a version in the middle of a large transition between platforms.

My advise is to upgrade to 12.04 as soon as you feel comfortable with it. It's really very much faster, consumes a lot less power, and therefore is also much more quiet. In general; 12.04 is what you should want. It'll be released in less than two weeks, on Thursday 26th.


pci-stub not claiming radeon card, only the audio device, radeon driver claiming graphics instead

This is happening because the radeon module is taking control of the device before pci-stub, so you need to reverse the load order.

Blacklist the radeon module:

$ echo blacklist radeon | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

And add the module to initramfs:

$ echo radeon | sudo tee -a /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
$ sudo update-initramfs -u

After, reboot. Problem solved!


How to stop cron from sending email when there is nothing in STDOUT or STDERR?

It was a stray newline causing the blank email every 5 minutes.

Cron only sends an email if the cron job/program run has output. My output was a newline, which of course, I couldn't see in Alpine, but it was there. I found the newline that my program was printing and removed it.

Now I design my cron programs to never output anything unless it gets past the parameter checking.


How can I join the Ubuntu IRC channel and what should I expect?

Probably the easiest way to join Ubuntu's IRC channel and start chatting is to use the webchat.

Just click on this link: https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=ubuntu

To log in, follow these steps:

Enter a nickname of your choice. For example, UbuntuFan.
Enter the channel you wish to join on Freenode, in this case #ubuntu. A channel is another name for a chatroom.
Keep the Auth checkbox unticked, unless you have a registered account with Freenode.
Enter the letters you see in the reCAPTCHA image.
Click connect.

Once you've connected, you'll see a few status messages scroll by. Just wait a few seconds, and you'll be added to the #ubuntu channel.

The tabs on the top indicate channels you've joined. This should be just the status tab and the #ubuntu channel.
Underneath that is the description of the current channel you're in. If it's your first time, you probably will want to read the links included.
The main section of the window contains the messages people have sent. Each message begins with the time it was sent...
... followed by the username of the user who sent it ...
... followed by their message. If a user is specifically talking to another user, they'll begin their message with that username. The targeted user's chat client will highlight messages that include their username in a special colour.
The list of all users in the current channel is on the right. If you want to have a one-on-one conversation with a particular user, click on their name and then click "query", or type "/query USERNAME".
Type your messages in the text field at the bottom.

The #ubuntu channel typically has over a hundred participants, so it might feel a bit overcrowded at first. My recommendation is to just dive in. You'll pick it up as you go.

If you don't like webchat, there are graphical applications for IRC on Ubuntu, Windows, OS X and almost any other operating system. On Ubuntu, I recommend xchat . Just join the #ubuntu channel on freenode.net and you're off!


Why do I get a kernel panic when rebooting after installing via Wubi?

You say 'you tried to install Ubuntu from Windows'.  Please give more information.  What exactly (in detail) did you do to try to install?  What happens when you boot into the Ubuntu live-DVD and use the 'Try Ubuntu' option?  What version of Ubuntu are you trying?  What is your hardware, especially the video controller/chipset?


(Question) Bootable Ubuntu flash-drive with programs

Using Image File to Clone Operating System
An image file is a quick reliable way to clone an OS.
1) Create Image file from existing operating system:

Boot Live Ubuntu USB and insert Full install, (or Persistent), USB to be copied.

Create an image file of the Full install USB, (or Persistent USB), using Gnome-Disks from the Live USB.

2) Install Image File to target drive
Caution: The target drive will be overwritten.

Use the pancake icon in Disks or use Etcher, Rufus, dd or mkusb, when you want to restore or clone the image to another drive.

For mass production, Etcher can flash an image to multiple disks at the same time.

Note that cloned disks use the same UUID, GParted has an option to create new UUID's if you like.
For more information see: How to Duplicate a Ubuntu System for Distribution?


is dmidecode's max memory report is accurate?

It is as accurate as the information your motherboard provides.  When in doubt, go with the specs the manufacturer publishes, since it is more likely they just didn't put the correct information into the bios.


Why not Weechat or Irssi.

Install Weechat:

sudo apt-get install weechat

Install Irssi:

sudo apt-get install irssi

They are especially nice if you use a tiling wm like i3, I have heard.

And you can find more of them here: Coolest looking terminal IRC client


Wifi keeps disconnecting in Ubuntu 16.04 on HP laptop

I think there was problem with my network manager . I installed WICD from the Ubuntu Software store and that's working fine for me :)
Thanks for the help :)


How to get around NVM Checksum error (PXE-E05) to make the ethernet work?

Finally I got the solution. I just skipped the NVM Checksum at Ubuntu startup by editing the device drivers of my Ethernet Controller (82573L gigabit).

Here are the steps:

Download latest e1000e drivers from Intel site
Decompress the source as follows

tar zxvf e1000e-[VERSION].tar.gz
cd e1000e-[VERSION]/src

Open netdev.c and search for the following code and delete it:

/* make sure the NVM is good */
if(e1000_validate_nvm_checksum(hw) < 0)
{
    dev_err(pci_dev_to_dev(pdev), "The NVM Checksum Is Not Valid\n");
    err = -EIO;
    goto err_eeprom;
}

Now run these commands:

sudo modprobe -r e1000e
sudo make install
sudo modprobe e1000e
sudo update-initramfs -u

This will replace the old drivers and initialize these drivers at startup.

Note: The best way to correct the checksum error is to flash the EEPROM, but in my Case EEPROM was corrupted and wouldn't flash. So, I had to skip the Checksum Error Checkup at startup.


Windows domain full hostnames cannot be resolved resulting in intranet not working

I managed to solve it.
There are essentially 3 steps required to get Ubuntu to fully communicate with Windows based intranet machines.

Install Samba and Winbind
modify /etc/samba/smb.conf like this:

  [global]

        workgroup = DOMAIN_NAME

        server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

   wins server = WINS_IP_ADDRESS

        dns proxy = no

   name resolve order = wins lmhosts host bcast

*notice the last line, "wins" comes first in the order!

modify /etc/nsswitch.conf instead of having:

  hosts:          files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns wins mdns4

change it to:

hosts:          files dns wins mdns4

restart computer (or restart samba and network)
that's it, enjoy!


When I try to install my kernel headers I get "please insert the disc labeled 'Ubuntu'"

The issue is fairly simple, you have the CDROM entry in your /etc/apt/sources.list. Just remove/comment out the line, and you will be fine:

sudo sed -i '/cdrom/d' /etc/apt/sources.list


Using ext4 encryption, how do I prevent unencrypted files from being accessed by other login shells or users?

I confirmed with Ted Ts'o (one of the main authors of ext4 encryption) that it's not designed to work the way I thought it might.  It's not meant to provide the kind of "process-level" isolation of deciphered content that I was hoping for.  Ordinary access restrictions (file ownership and perms) must still be used to prevent other users from accessing files.


documentation in "Ubuntu Help" how to avoid translation

Yes, it's indeed a browser matter. In Firefox you find the applicable setting in Preferences -> Content-> Languages. If you prefer that multilingual web pages are displayed in English, make sure that English is at the top of that list.


I would suggest two things:

First - use symlinks to route shotwell into using the pictures directory of the dropbox folder for its photo store.
second - ensuring you do not have shotwell open at the same time on both machines - although dropbox has conflict resolution, for the shotwell internal db files it will probably only allow you to select one or the other of the versions.

This method should mean the tags will be shared too.


How can I change the dark color of (a vanilla) "Gnome" Shell-Theme into the white-ish default "Gnome Classic" Shell-theme color?

I found the solution. Sharing here if anybody's interested:

mkdir -p $HOME/.themes/light/gnome-shell

cd $HOME/.themes/light/gnome-shell

cp /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gnome-classic.css ./gnome-shell.css

Then Tweaks have to be opened and the “User themes” extension activated (if it wasn't before). Now we need to close Tweaks. Then we have to open it again and go to -> Appearance -> Shell, and change "Default" to "Light".

That works seamlessly.


I recommend you to boot into Mint, so that /dev/sda 8 (ubuntu) ist not mounted. Then it will be easier to move that partition.

After that it should be possible to enlarge /dev/sda9 (mint). You can even increase directly in Mint itself. But if you want to, you can go back in Ubuntu and increase the partition there.


Is there a way to have Clementine normalize my music?

When you use the Replay Gain option your music files need appropriate metadata. Clementine cannot create it but you can use external tools, e.g., http://mp3gain.sourceforge.net/.


In case you want to revert to unity-7 do:

sudo service lightdm restart

As of now, unity-8 is riddled with bugs, and doesn't work with a lot of graphics drivers. (It only works with open-source graphics drivers)

In case you want to test it on your system, you could follow this guide: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-test-mir-and-unity-8-on-ubuntu-16-04/


The syntax is the same as for connecting to a WPA personal network: https://netplan.io/examples#connecting-to-a-wpa-personal-wireless-network

This isn't documented separately because WEP itself is deprecated and insecure.


Right clicking the top bar of Google Chrome doesn't show the default context menu

Google Chrome (and Firefox) now also use client side decorations, but as these are not really GTK3 programs (although they get a "dressing" to integrate sufficiently well), they implement their own right-click menu. Thus, you will not be able to access the usual window menu with the mouse. Still, you can press Alt+Space to reveal the menu and have it stick to the current workspace.

Not perfect, but that is because of the diversity within the Linux ecosystem.


ImageMagick has some security policies disabling some rights for security reasons. See why at the bottom of this answer.
You will have to edit a config file to re-enble the action you need.
Open /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml with your favorite text editor, find the line <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF" /> and replace "none" by "read|write"
# Open the file
sudo nano /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml

# find and edit the line
<policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF" />
# to :
<policy domain="coder" rights="read|write" pattern="PDF" />

About ImageMagick security policy
The restricted policy is made to prevent unknown vulnerabilities coming from third party software as Ghostscript used here for PDF files. Be sure to update Ghostscript.

https://imagemagick.org/script/security-policy.php
https://snyk.io/vuln/search?type=linux&q=ghostscript


With gpg --verify, how do I distinguish valid signatures and valid signatures from trusted keys programmatically?

This is not a particularly elegant solution, but it may be usable.

check_sig(){
    local LC_ALL=C output
    output=$(gpg --verify -- "$1" 2>&1) || return 1
    ! grep -Fqx 'gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!' <<<"$output"
}


Why is WPA-encrypted ad-hoc mode disabled in 12.04?

Both the SIOCSIWENCODEEXT and SIOCSIWGENIE errors are usually intimately associated with WPA/wpa_supplicant failure.

Have you tried recompiling the latest RT2790 driver with *wpa_supplicant* support enabled -- by default it's NOT!. Also, note that it only supports WPA PSK for adhoc (see line 280 of README_STA below)

Get the latest driver, download, extract, cd to the directory.
Inside os/linux/config.mk, find lines 10-14, which read:

# Support Wpa_Supplicant
HAS_WPA_SUPPLICANT=n
# Support Native WpaSupplicant for Network Maganger
HAS_NATIVE_WPA_SUPPLICANT_SUPPORT=n

Change the n at the end of both those lines to y.
make and sudo make install the driver (you'll need kernel headers, etc - comment if you need more info on the process).

Reboot, and see if things are any different (errors, etc.) with WPA adhoc.

If not:

Following the README_STA file in the extracted directory, copy it cp RT2860STA.dat  /etc/Wireless/RT2860STA/RT2860STA.dat
Open that file, and change:

NetworkType=Adhoc
Authmode=WPANONE : important only this (WPA PSK) is supported for adhoc
Try EncrypType=NONE (and even TKIP and AES, because README does not say which is supported for adhoc)
Set WPAPSK to the key -- ***wpa_supplicant* may not be fully supported in adhoc*

Unload/load the the module to make it take effect: rmmod and modprobe, respectively.
See the README_STA file for more parameters and details, and try experimenting. Comment if you need more help.


What version of the Catalyst driver ships with 11.10?

No, not at the moment, latest package is 11.9. You need to download it and manually install it. This answer shows you what to do.


Plymouth is well-integrated into Ubuntu, and removing it could get difficult. Fortunately, you don't need to remove plymouth in order to disable it; there's a GRUB boot option called splash that can toggle the graphical boot screen on or off.

To disable graphical boot in Ubuntu, you need to open your /etc/default/grub file for editing, with superuser privileges. Under regular Ubuntu, this can be accomplished with:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

(on a command-line-only system or any other Ubuntu variant, open a terminal and type sudo nano /etc/default/grub instead.)

Locate the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT line in /etc/default/grub , it might look like:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Then remove the splash from this line, so it looks like the following:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"

Save the file and exit the editor.

Finally, to apply your changes, open a terminal and run:

sudo update-grub

Now your system should boot in text mode, without the graphical boot screen.


I would check out this link for a theme

And also this one which is of a walk through of how to do what you are looking for.

More themes might be, becoming out with more unity like designs since Ubuntu is going to switch to gnome for it's default.


The present crash-reporting system is simply not designed to connect you with your resulting bug report. Sorry.
Ubuntu's automated crash reporting is highly successful from the engineer's point of view: Lots of crash-related bugs get found and fixed this way. The report numbers guide bug-fixing priorities. It's a successful quality improvement system that benefits the entire user base.


SSD filling up; problem accessing HDD disk

When you are absolutely, positively, 101% sure there is nothing you want to save on the HDD, you can obliterate everything on it.

But you have to be REALLY sure, because, once it's gone, it's gone.

First, load Gparted and look at the drives. There's a spin box at upper right which will show sda or sdb

This article shows you tools you can use to analyze the use of space on your drives.

Once you are absolutely sure that you must move data to the HDD, make sure the HDD is selected in Gparted, then select each of its partitions and delete them; the manual has specific instructions.

Then, create a new partition for all of the HDD (normally ext4 with Ubuntu), following these instructions.

Then (thanks to Jean Marie) copy the contents of your existing /home on the SSD into the newly created HDD, before mounting the directory on the HDD as your new /home.


possible DNS problem unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com

I couldn't comment because of lacking REP  Although this isn't directly an answer, my dedicated server is running 12.10 and my resolv.conf looks something like:

domain example.com
search exmaple.com
nameserver EXTERNAL IP 1
nameserver EXTERNAL IP 2

Where example.com is obviously my datacentres domain name, which I never removed or changed.  Although you could try this post or serverfault for better help


Run a script automatically when booting a live version of Ubuntu form a USB stick

Here is a good page about LiveCD Customization, which is what you probably want.

When building the new LiveCD, you can treat the startup issue like you would a normal install, and edit your /etc/rc.local to include the commands you want to run on every boot. Make sure that you don't include sudo commands, and it has to exit successfully.


Openssl is either not installed properly or link to it is not working

If your installation has been corrupted, you may be able to fix OpenSSL by reinstalling openssl and libssl like so:

sudo apt-get --reinstall install openssl libssl1.0.0


Sync Banshee with Ubuntu One music without having the music locally?

The answer is unfortunately "no" (or at least not yet).


How to make the right hand monitor the primary monitor

Okay, that looks like an old answer and things aren't as bad in 14.04 as they once were. Yes, the monitor on the left is usually the primary monitor and it is set this way by default.

The unity desktop is actually called the ubuntu-desktop and the reason for this is because unity is actually a compiz plugin so you are actually using a compiz desktop. With that said, you can install compizconfig-settings-manager to achieve the settings you desire.

Either look for it in the ubuntu software center or open a terminal and execute the following commands to install it, whatever you prefer:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

After installation, search for ccsm in your apps or type the command:

ccsm

to start it up.

Now, click on "general options" and navigate to the "Display Settings" tab.

For the setting "Overlaping Output Handling" you can set which output device (monitor) is preferred as the primary monitor. You can set this to "smart mode" to automatically choose the primary monitor, to prefer the "larger output" (bigger screen) or "smaller output" (smaller screen).

Also, you can go down to where it says "outputs" if they are both the same size and you can click on either one of the outputs which will open the option to move the device up or down. You can also choose edit and you should be able to manually edit the dimensions to change one smaller or larger.

ccsm settings and standard desktop settings are sort of like state and federal law in the United States: federal law (ccsm settings) always trumps state law (standard desktop settings).