As @Elder Geek pointed out in his answer, the correct argument for xclip is -selection and not -s:

xclip -selection primary -o >> file1.txt

However this is not the only problem. Keyboard shortcuts do not run in a Bash shell, but you try to use output redirection (>>) here, which is a Bash feature.

Therefore you must explicitly run your shortcut command in a Bash shell to get the redirection to work:

bash -c 'xclip -selection primary -o >> file1.txt'

You should specify a full absolute path to the output file though. Not sure if it is necessary, but it would be better style anyway.


ls doesn't show the size of a directory's contents. It shows the size used to store the metadata describing the directory. That size will depend on the number of files in the directory and the length of their (and the directory's) names, and not on their sizes. To illustrate, I will create different numbers of empty (0-size) files:

## 10 files
for i in {1..10}; do touch foo/$i; done
$ ls -l
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon terdon 4096 May 11 16:36 foo
$ du -sc foo/* | grep total
0   total

## 100000 files
$ touch foo/file{1..100000}
ls -l
drwxr-xr-x 2 terdon terdon 2801664 May 11 16:37 foo
$ du -sc foo/* | grep total
0   total

As you can see above, the size reported by ls changed, despite the actual size of the directory being the same.

So, your missing files are probably in the lost+found directory, check there.


I installed Lubuntu 32 bit on 64 bit system. How should I go about upgrading to 64 bit?

You can make a new partition for installing lubuntu 64bits and you will have 3 different OS.

You also have the option of installing lubuntu 64bits on one of the partitions you have created (windows and lubuntu 32bits).

I suggest you installing it over the lubuntu 32bits partition as I understand that you want to replace your current 32bits installation with a new installation of Lubuntu 64bits.

The installation process will be the same you followed to install lubuntu 32bits.


USB wifi adapter keeps dropping connection (Ubuntu 16.04)

Might want to take a look at my question about this. It was mostly solved for me. Wifi Unstable with Edimax EW-7811Un


How do I do Xdcc downloads on the command line?

You need to /dcc get botname; or set dcc_autoget to on.
The first is the command to accept files being sent to you.
The second is a setting to auto accept files being sent to you (which can be abused by others).

I suggest reading irssi's documentation, and reading about DCC so you realize that XDCC is just a bot using DCC.


How to change text movement keyboard shortcuts

https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/shell-keyboard-shortcuts.html.en lists common GNOME hotkeys, and https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/keyboard-shortcuts-set.html.en shows how to edit them.

Alternative methods are illustrated in How can I change what keys on my keyboard do? (How can I create custom keyboard commands/shortcuts?)


Why are so many Linux kernels still being updated?

Seems to suggest that past implementations where incomplete or full of bugs.

Any complex software has bugs or is incomplete in some regard. You can for instance read the changelog for the 4.19 Long Term Support kernel. Many bugs only affect a specific use case, and may not be a widespread problem. Others may impact more systems.

There's also the discovery of hardware in the wild that somehow doesn't work like it should - and the kernel maintainers work around it in software. This requires updates.

So the release of new versions of kernels doesn't indicate that it's bad software. It indicates that it's properly maintained software that gets fixes and updates.


How do I revert my source.list from the source.list.backup?

With four commands:

sudo apt-add-repository main
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-add-repository multiverse
sudo apt-add-repository restricted

Or move or copy your backup

sudo cp /etc/apt/source.list.backup /etc/apt/source.list

The folder /etc/apt/source.list.d has always been a folder, a sub-folder of /etc/apt. After the removal of /etc/apt/source.list, the folder /etc/apt usually contains only this folder.


How to make a nautilus script written in python to run in terminal

Here is small snippet in bash, you can easy rewrite in python, it notify user trying to find a possible way:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

have_command() {
  type -p "$1" >/dev/null
}

try() {
  have_command "$1" && "$@"
}

in_terminal() {
  [ -t 0 ]
}

notify_user() {
  local msg="${2:-Error}: $1"
  echo "$msg" >&2
  in_terminal && return
  try notify-send "$msg" && return
  try yad --info --text="$msg" && return
  try zenity --info --text="$msg" && return
  try xmessage -buttons Ok:0 -nearmouse "$msg" -timeout 10 && return
  return
}

Install notify-send and you'll get nice messages


Charm parameters configured at deployment

Bruno, there is actually an open feature request right now for this capability:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/juju/+bug/893184

You can create a yaml file right now that will set those options, this page explains it:

https://jujucharms.com/docs/stable/charms-config#configuring-an-application-at-deployment

Basically to do what your example talks about, save this as local.yaml:

service-name:
  key: "value"
  key2: "value2"

And then do

juju deploy charm-name service-name --config local.yaml

You can also set the options immediately after the deploy (before the unit is even running) with

juju set service-name key=value key2=value2


Associating a keyword to an application in unity launcher

Practically all installed applications are represented by a .desktop file in /usr/share/applications. In the application's desktop file, there will possibly be a line, starting with

X-GNOME-Keywords=

or

Keywords=

If that line already exists, you can simply add keywords to the line, separated by a semicolon. I would however suggest to copy the file first to ~/.local/share/applications and edit the copy.

If the line does not exist, add a line in the head section of the file, somewhere between the Name= line and the Actions= line (if that line is present) like:

Keywords=keyword1;keyword2;`.

After you copied and edited the .desktop file, you will have to log out and in before the changes take efect. Next time you will search Dash, you will find your application by the keywords.


Disabled Lockscreen on Ubuntu accidently, How to renable it?

/etc/default/acpi-support deals with this sort of function. Perhaps LOCK_SCREEN=true is commented out with the #

# Set the following to "platform" if you want to use ACPI to shut down
# your machine on hibernation
HIBERNATE_MODE=shutdown

# Comment this out to disable screen locking on resume
LOCK_SCREEN=true

# Uncomment this line to have DMA disabled before suspend and reenabled
# afterwards
# DISABLE_DMA=true

If it is so, try uncommenting it and it might fix your problem, you might have to restart your computer too I should add.


Using apt-mark:

You can use apt-mark to hold back the package so that it will not be updated automatically:

$ sudo apt-mark hold chromium-browser
chromium-browser set on hold.

$ apt-mark showhold
chromium-browser

To cancel the hold status:

$ sudo apt-mark unhold chromium-browser
Canceled hold on chromium-browser.

From man apt-mark:

   hold
       hold is used to mark a package as held back, which will
       prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or
       removed.

Using dpkg :

Actually apt-mark hold is a wrapper around dpkg --set-selections, so you can use dpkg --set-selections directly:

sudo dpkg --set-selections <<<'chromium-browser hold'


Try to reinstall the printer (remove then add printer), this helps in most cases.


btrfs fi show scans all your devices to find if any contains a btrfs, so error messages when running it as users are to be expected, as you don't have access rights. If you run as root and don't have any btrfs then you get the output you got. If you do have a btrfs and btrfs fi show can't find it, there might be something wrong.

btrfs fi df simply needs to be run on the mountpoint, not the block device.


Which circuit simulator can be used in ubuntu 20.04?

qucs-spice is available as a snap. You can install it via the snap-store or with
snap install qucs-spice


How to create and configure DNS Server in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Server

see the bellow post.
I think it helps:

https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/serverguide/dns.html


How does management differ from Ubuntu on the clouds and on a dedicated server?

It does take a slightly different mindset to manage a cloud based Ubuntu server.

When you need to reboot, you want to make sure that don't accidentally do a shutdown instead (sudo shutdown vs. sudo shutdown -r). After all, powering-on a cloud server is more complicated than walking over to the rack and pressing the power button.
You need to think about the server's dependencies, and make sure that the applications and services on it have a high degree of fault tolerance.  That way if your building's internet connection is spotty or goes down, the cloud server isn't going to fill up the logs with errors because it can't reach the database server sitting under your desk.
You need to be more vigilant about security.  At one job I was told to SSH out to the cloud Ubuntu server as "root."  When I expressed my shock, the response that I got was "we all log in as root."  Obviously, the first thing I did was create individual accounts for everyone, and educate them on how to use "sudo."
Along the same lines of thought as user security, you will also want to make sure you only open ports that need to be opened.  After all, if you can see/use a port, so can everyone else.  This is a good idea to do anyway, but I have noticed some admins get lax on port maintenance for internal servers.
When you run any kind of maintenance plan, it's a good idea to script-out and double/triple check your commands.  Again, if something you do turns the server into a paperweight, doing a reinstall/repair can be more complicated in the cloud.


Don't get me wrong, but don't try to optimise something if you don't even know where to start or if you don't have a specific issue.

Seriously, Ubuntu is out of the box already very good compiled, there's hardly anything to do which would not require in-depth knowledge of the system (except changes for special hardware, like SSDs). If you'd want a better system performance, you'd need to re-compile and customise the kernel. If you'd want to speed up the boot, you'd have to mess GRUB2 and upstart.

Concentrate on the important things, f.e. customisation of your work environment. Have a look at devils pie, conky and similar tools. And start messing with the system if you have to.


Go over here
.I hope this will be helpful.Do post if your problem is not solved.


How to Install Ubuntu 12.04 With Win7 Dual-Boot

Not trying to be rude but it is very generic question and if you Google this you will probably find many links with step by step instructions. Try this for example.


How to turn touch pad back on using keyboard

to toggle the touch pad on and off via keyboard keys to control UI, it seems to be theming Issue..

for practice, change your Appearence theme to Highcontrast or Highcontrast Inverse

and then run gnome-control-center mouse and use TAB for around 9 or 10 Times to reach to Touchpad Toggle On Off Area.. then pressing Enter will toogle..


Can I install an external webcam successfully?

Ubuntu, thanks to the Linux Kernel supports many MANY types of webcam. There is NO need to install any drivers from any CD they come with (Even so if the CD comes just for Windows in almost all cases). You should be fine just connecting it.

If you would like to try the webcam out in Ubuntu, it is as easy as connecting it to your PC and then install the program cheese, either from the Software Center or via the terminal by executing the following line: sudo apt-get install cheese. Then just open dash and type cheese, run the cheese program and see how it works out of the box.

I have tested at least 10 different webcams ranging from Logitech, Sony, Genius, HP and even several Chinese odd ones with names I don't really remember..


EDIT: This works, but murus solution is the better one, as he is totally right about .bash_profile and .bashrc and also uses built-ins instead of external programs!

I also don't find an option, but you could use

`pwd`

which executes pwd and writes the result (the path) in the promt.

The full path as you wanted it above would be:

PS1="\u@`pwd`/>>"


In Ubuntu/Linux so called file extension doesn't play a role to the file execution. It depends of the file permissions. For example, the command  chmod +x filename will allow the execution of the file by all - owner/user, group and others. Or by using chmod u+x filename the executable permission will be granted only to the user/owner.

Within the desktop environment the behaviour of the executable files depends on the settings of your primary file manager. For example within Ubuntu 16.04 this is Nautilus. To change the behaviour: Open Nautilus; go to Edit menu and choice Preferences. Then click on the Behaviour tab. There are three options of the behaviour of the Executable Text Files:

Another way to execute a file within the desktop environment (while the option View executable text files when they are opened is selected) is to create dedicated .desktop launcher for that file.


Does ubuntu work with a HP Deskjet F2480

Carl! This is good question. The answer to your question is YES! After installation upadte your Ubuntu and restart your computer. After restarting, just plug in your HP DeskJet F2480 into USB port/interface. You will be able to print any document! I just checked with HP and they have Linux driver for F2480! Tthe thing is you won't be able to scan as you used to scan on Windows (with HP software). You will have to find another program for scanning (for example: GIMP...). Acutally you can "import from scanner" in almost every application you are going to use (example: open office...). Don't be afarid to install and use Ubuntu. You have all the support here!

Best reagrds,
Tehnikalac


You should choose Ubuntu 10.04 since it's a LTS (Long Time Support) release, which means it a really stable distro shipped with only stable software. Adding that you have support until 2015-04 for the server (that include security patches, and so on).

It comes with postgresql 8.4.6. However if you need the new release postgresql 9.0 you can install on lucid following this tutorial.


After this is the second time this comes up I tried to reproduce it today. You already posted the answer how to install askpass (thanks), but for the other issue which was already marked a dup - here some details about it.

I installed two Ubuntu systems and set up a user ubuntu@... that can be logged in via ssh keys. One of them had libvirtd and one had virt-manager.
It worked right away.

Since you mentioned askpass I removed the ability to login via keys and require a password. But in that case the error message for me seems quite clear. It directly calls for ssh-askpass in the error.

You can - as you did - install askpass, or as I outlined before set up ssh-keys - in both cases it then works fine.

Is that maybe a rather old version of virt-manager?
I tried virt-manager in Xenial, Bionic, Cosmic and Disco which all worked quite similar for me.

If all of that doesn't help your case, please outline whatever is special on your user setup as it might be related.


How can I configure my firewall to work with Docker?

This is not possible in vanilla UFW because of the fact that the interface name is in a constant state of unguessability. In order to set something like this up, a manually defined network should be created. In short, one can use the driver options of Docker's bridge in the compose config to create a custom network. This will look something like:

networks:
    my_bridge:
        driver: bridge
        driver_opts:
            com.docker.network.bridge.name: my-bridge

From here, the bridge config can be added to each service in the compose file:

myimage:
    image: myimage:1.0
    ports:
        - "2580:2580"
    networks:
        - my_bridge

Then, upon next start of the Compose system, the new network will be created with the proper name:

my-bridge Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 11:22:33:44:55:66
      inet addr:172.18.0.1  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.0.0
      inet6 addr: fe80::42:1122:3344:5566/64 Scope:Link
      UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
      RX packets:11 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
      TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
      collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
      RX bytes:788 (788.0 B)  TX bytes:695 (695.0 B)

From there, adding UFW rules to allow connection to port 1234 are trivial:

ufw allow in on my-bridge from any to any port 1234

And suddenly, everything works perfectly!


Suspend on Ubuntu 18.04 Not Saving State Using uswsusp and s2ram

After much searching for an answer and banging my head on the table I arrived at a solution on my own by cobbling together bits and pieces of information from various sources. This solution works on my Sony Vaio Model VPCEB15FM running Ubuntu 18.04, your mileage may differ.

Part of the problem with getting hibernate/suspend to work correctly was the way that Ubuntu loads and assigns /dev/sda2, /dev/sdb2, etc. since the drive assignment order sometimes changes from boot to boot.  So the first step is to identify the UUID of the swap partition. Since the UUID is constant it makes a much more reliable mount point.

The UUID can be gotten from:

sudo blkid

Look for the entry that says "swap"

/dev/sda2: UUID="5c555600-2e37-477d-62df-6013d61dc36" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="2f501554-02"

Your UUID will be different than mine. Don't use mine, use yours.

If you're using a swap file instead of a swap partition then use the UUID of the main linux partition, and you will also need to know the offset to the swapfile.

To get the offset to the swap file:

sudo filefrag -v /swapfile

The output will look similar to this:

ext:     logical_offset:        physical_offset: length:   expected: flags:
   0:        0..   32767:      34816..     67583:  32768:
   1:    32768..   63487:      67584..     98303:  30720:
   2:    63488..   96255:     100352..    133119:  32768:      98304:

The offset you're after is the first "physical_offset", in this case it would be 34816.

Now you have the information you need to get started.

Modify /etc/default/grub

sudoedit /etc/default/grub

change the line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

if using a swap partition to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="no_console_suspend initcall_debug resume=UUID=5c555600-2e37-477d-62df-6013d61dc36"

if using a swapfile to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="no_console_suspend initcall_debug resume=UUID=5c555600-2e37-477d-62df-6013d61dc36 resume_offset=34816"

Install uswsusp.
This installs the s2disk, s2ram, and s2both methods.

sudo apt-get install uswsusp

Set up systemd-hibernate.service and systemd-suspend.service.
These files are in /etc/systemd/system/ or will be created there if they don't already exist.

sudo systemctl edit systemd-hibernate.service

Paste in these lines:

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStartPre=-/bin/run-parts -v -a pre /lib/systemd/system-sleep
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/s2disk
ExecStartPost=-/bin/run-parts -v --reverse -a post /lib/systemd/system-sleep

Note: my system has a path to /lib/systemd/system-sleep, others might have a different location like /usr/lib/systemd/system-sleep.

sudo systemctl edit systemd-suspend.service

Paste in these lines:

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStartPre=-/bin/run-parts -v -a pre /lib/systemd/system-sleep
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/s2both
ExecStartPost=-/bin/run-parts -v --reverse -a post /lib/systemd/system-sleep

Note use s2both instead of s2ram in the "suspend" configuration. s2ram didn't work on my system, but s2both always does.

Edit /etc/uswsusp.conf.
Use the UUID and if using a swapfile the offset:

sudo nano /etc/uswsusp.conf

Modify to use your UUID, etc.

# /etc/uswsusp.conf(5) -- Configuration file for s2disk/s2both
resume device = UUID=5c555600-2e37-477d-62df-6013d61dc36
compress = y
# early writeout = y
# image size = 1741570539
# RSA key file = /etc/uswsusp.key
shutdown method = platform
# only needed if using a swapfile
# resume offset = 34816

Note: There is a man page for uswsusp.conf that fully describes all the parameters. There's a bunch of other settings, this is the minimum required. The commented lines were left in so you can see some of the other options.

Edit /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume

sudo nano /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume

add this line:
    RESUME=UUID=5c555600-2e37-477d-62df-6013d61dc3

Note:  if using a swapfile then the offset needs to be added.
       add: resume offset = 34816 after the UUID

Okay, that should take care of the various configuration items.

Update grub and initramfs:

sudo update-grub
sudo update-initramfs -u  or update-initramfs -u -k all  to do all kernels

Restart Ubuntu.
After the reboot test the hibernate and suspend functionality. Hibernate can take several minutes to write the resume file to the swap and shutdown the machine. Don't Panic. Suspend is a bit faster.

Test it all out!

sudo systemctl hibernate
sudo systemctl suspend

What you should see:

hibernate - shuts down system completely, will take several minutes. After restarting the computer and logging back in your applications should be resumed. Note: The resume process can take a few minutes and the machine may appear hung while resume takes place. Be patient.
suspend - the system goes into "sleep" mode and the power light slowly blinks (breaths). Pressing the main power button wakes up the machine. You should see the login screen and your applications should be resumed.

Further steps:
You should be able to enter sleep/suspend mode from the power menu drop down. When you open the drop down press the Alt key. The Power Icon should change into the sleep icon.

A Hibernate menu option can be added too. There are already some good tutorials on that which can be found by searching for "ubuntu add hibernate power menu"


External Persistant Bootable SSD Mac OSX

I solved this issue. The solution was relatively trivial I had to install rEFInd.


What does the dash/minus sign in the 'Allow executing file as program' checkbox indicate?

The execute bit can be set for: Owner, Group, Others

If the execute bit is set but not for all of them Nautilus displays a dash in the check box.

chmod 544 filename

Results in permissions (-r-xr--r--)


After reading a lot of posts on this subject I have managed to get usb headphones to work by:

Connect your usb headphones to your computer
Click on volume controle (thunar / multimedia/ pulse audio volume control
On output devices click on headphones and click on green yes button
next to little locker icon
Below, you will see audio controller analog stereo /  click on green  yes button  as above
IT WORKS  / at least for me it worked.

If you disconnect your headphones, you must do the same thing again to make them work.


Mic works in sound recorder but in nothing else

try switching from asla or pulseaudio to oss open up terminal and type
gstreamer-properties and it should pull up a config box to change sound settings


how do i install cisco packet tracer 5.3.3 on ubuntu 14.04 LTS - 64 bits?

I can only tell : packet tracer not work on ubuntu 14.04 lts.
this get from the search.
I risolved with software virtualbox


Dell Precision 5530 fans constantly running of docked to USB-C Dock

Yes am using a Precision 5530, i7, not with the Quattro, but same behavior concerning the USB-C dock. I'm guessing the throughput of the USB-C spec dell is using isn't that great. I've used a macbook pro 2018 15 inch on the same USB-C dock and no problem, but Apple's thunderbolt 3 spec has a really high throughput ability. I think the precision is unable to manage the power coming in through such a small input, and thus the fans take over for managing the power. I'm guessing dell didn't design with this use case in mind, but spec'd the USB-C port for a one use device such as monitor, ethernet, etc, versus 2+ devices on a dock into one port. Best case scenario it could be fixed with a firmware update, more realistically we will be plagued with fan problems until future iterations :/ but that is just my impression, not solely fact based.


Because your Regional Formats setting is an Arabic locale. Look here about how to change it.


How do I invert the console background and text colors?

You can do better than just invert, you can change the colour scheme to whatever you want from the command line.  The following post has a number of answers so its a case of choosing with answer suits you best and if you really want to have black text on a blindingly bright white background, then this post should cover that too :)

Changing colour of text and background of terminal?

It appears that the above question doesn't contain any answers that demonstrate how to apply your settings permanently.  I did this myself years back and it involves editing your.bashrc file and its a bit complicated in that you can apply your colours, but commands like ls use their own colours.  I found an article on the community wiki that demonstrates how to edit the .bashrc file safely and apply your changes permanently.  Note that the article uses gedit to edit the file which is not available in text mode and so obviously you will need to use nano or your preferred text editor instead:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CustomizingBashPrompt


Is there a way to stop Dropbox from opening Firefox as its default when viewing the Dropbox webpage?

Dropbox is still a gtk2 application while Unity and current Gnome are on gtk3.
Gtk2 applications store their settings in gconf instead of dconf. Maybe they got out of sync.

Edit the following key:

/desktop/gnome/applications/browser/exec

with the gconf-editor user interface (available as package) or with gconf command:

gconftool -s /desktop/gnome/applications/browser/exec -t string google-chrome

Last not least there are the debian alternatives system, use package galternatives and change key x-www-browser to your liking.

Note that google-chrome is not the same as chromium-browser.

It is also possible that dropbox keeps the browser that it encountered during install, in this case please report the bug.


"Error parsing gtk-icon-sizes string: ''" Desktop grey with no icons

I had similar problem with my Xfce. I restarted window manager by typing: xfwm4 --replace but it did not resolved the problem. I checked the xfce troubleshooting section in here: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xfce#Troubleshooting and they are also suggest to delete the session folder by typing: rm -r ~/.cache/sessions/ and after that system has to be rebooted, and I have got my desktop back after reboot.


Installed Ubuntu 11.10 alongside Windows 7 - getting grub> menu on boot

This means that grub, as an application, has managed to load successfully, but something has stopped it from moving on to ubuntu. chances are this is a problem with the configuration file; although i'm surprised this happened on a fresh install.

The grub> prompt should allow you to restore your system.

As it's difficult to diagnose exactly what is wrong from just knowing you're dropped into the prompt, I recommend you read-up on this:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2#A.27.27grub.3E.27.27_Prompt_Booting

Simply however, I suspect you'll need to do the following:

Seek the linux partition: ls
Pick the parition you think you installed Ubuntu on
Check that the linux parition has all the files: ls (hdX,Y)/, ls (hdX,Y)/boot and ls (hdX,Y)/boot/grub should all return the names of some files
If not, change to another parition or come back here with the output
Start the loaded menu: configfile (hdX,Y)/boot/grub/grub.cfg
If this doesn't work, come back to askubuntu, or, if you're up to it, you can read how to write a rudimentary configuration in the link I included.
Once you've got to Ubuntu in the terminal you must sudo update-grub to save changes.

Personally, if this is a fresh install, I might take a pop at just reinstalling Ubuntu and taking note of the more advance options, specifically where to install grub to.


GRUB is the bootloader. It comes up before any OSes have booted, because it is what allows them to load. If it shows up, your computer has rebooted.

There's no way GRUB loads without the computer having shut down, as it is the BIOS that makes GRUB start.


"connection failed. activation of network connection failed" mobile broadband ubuntu

Check the SIM Card pins... just because it isn't obvious, make sure they are inputted in the connection configuration screen at the bottom.


GUI broken or renders improperly - Ubuntu

You might want to run a lighter desktop even if you can fix the glitching.  Mate is pretty good for low-spec setups.  You don't need another distro, just add mate to your existing setup.  They have some fairly good documentation on getting setup.

http://wiki.mate-desktop.org/download


Replacing default repositories with Kubuntu repositories

Kubuntu has the same official repositories as regular Ubuntu. No changes are needed. If you want to add unsupported PPAs for "bleeding edge" KDE packages, those are additional and at your own risk.


How to send files from Android to Ubuntu over Bluetooth?

You must enable Personal File Sharing over bluetooth

See How do you make Ubuntu accept files sent over bluetooth


Create a directory somewhere else and install it to there:

mkdir ~/petalinux
./petalinux-*.run ~/petalinux

This is happening because non-root users cannot modify the contents of /opt and Petalinux also has a check to ensure that it's not installed by root itself since it may damage the system if used incorrectly.


Under the hood, what is Quickly made of?

Quickly is a group of programs and scripts (such as Gedit, Glade or quickly itself) which allows you to easily create a Python/GTK-based Ubuntu program. It creates your app importing a template, then you can modify the UI and the scripts, and finally, it allows you to share your app creating Debian packages or uploading to a Launchpad PPA.

As is based in Python (yep, it's a wrapper!), Quickly is architecture-independent. You can edit and run your Quickly apps on an i386, x86_64 or ARM-based computer with no trouble.

To install it, just click here.

It has no GUI interface, so you have to use the terminal. Here you have some simple commands:

quickly create ubuntu-application <project_name> creates the project. cd <project_name> after finished.
quickly edit opens the script files using Gedit. You can edit the app here.
quickly design shows the GUI files using Glade, allowing you to design the menus.
quickly run executes your app. Use this for testing.
quickly save saves your current progress using Bazaar. Set up your Bazaar e-mail before doing this!
quickly package builds a .deb package from your source code.
quickly release uploads your app to your own Launchpad PPA.

I think that a tutorial is better than a small reference guide... so, after installing Quickly, run quickly tutorial to get started.


After using another amd card PC won't boot throwing exceptions in Xorg.0.log

On Ubuntu 14.10 64 bits I faced out the same errors after upgrade. So I performed the following commands and it's working now.

On the console (Ctrl+Alt+F1)

Uninstall and remove all configuration files:

sudo apt-get purge fglrx*

Install the proprietary package on Ubuntu repositories:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-amdcccle

Create a new xorg.conf

sudo aticonfig --initial

Restart the PC

sudo reboot

So, After the system splashscreen, the lightdm greeter must be displayed.


I had the same problem with Asus x570 which uses NCT6798D chip. As discussed here the solution is:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

add to line:

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

acpi_enforce_resources=lax

so this will looks now like:

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_enforce_resources=lax"

save and exit nano (or any editor you prefer), then type in terminal:

sudo update-grub

and reboot. Then type in terminal again:

sudo modprobe -v nct6775

Then you will probably see something like:

nct6775: Found NCT6798D or compatible chip at 0x2e:0x290

More sensors should be visible now. You can check this by command:

sensors


How do I make GDM the default display manager?

You seem to have configured gdm correctly, but you did not actually stop lightdm. Logging out doesn't stop it.

After doing sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm, you need to stop lightdm

sudo service lightdm stop

and start gdm

sudo service gdm start

Hope this helps.


WUBI won't work for you in this situation. WUBI makes a disk image file on your Windows partition to store the Ubuntu OS and then mounts the disk image when you choose to boot Ubuntu. This gives the benefit of trying Ubuntu without needing to Repartition the HDD and only suffer some very minor limitations. Plus it let's you remove Ubuntu like it was a regular old program.

Since you already Partitioned the Space ahead of time you might as well use it. Burn an Ubuntu Installer DVD or make a Bootable USB and then just install Ubuntu using that.


Upgrading LTS server using do-release-upgrade fails (could not download all upgrades)

While I was never able to resolve the issue of why the downloads for these packages would not complete, I was finally able to complete the upgrade as follows:

cd /var/cache/apt/archives
wget package_name.deb
Repeat step 2 for all missing packages.
do-release-upgrade

Hope this helps anyone else that might be having difficulty with this.


VLC shows very big icons and is unusable

I had the same issue.

Edit /etc/environment with administrator rights.
Add the following line: QT_AUTO_SCREEN_SCALE_FACTOR=0
Reboot your PC.

Source.


I can't alias def $?="type $? || echo 'varible not defined' "

The following function will print an error message if the given the name of a variable that is null or undefined:

def() { : "${!1:? "Variable not defined."}" ; }

Examples:

$ def PATH
$ def NONESUCH
bash: !1:  Variable not defined.

This function requires bash.

Explanation:

The body of the function consists of one command which is given one argument.  The command is : which acts like a no-operation.  The argument to that command is "${!1:? "Variable not defined."}".  In bash, the construct ${!1} returns the value of the variable whose name is given by $1, the first argument to the function. If the variable whose name is $1 is set and not null, then "${!1:? "Variable  not defined."}" returns its value.  Its value is ignored by : because : is a no-op.  If the variable with that name is either unset or null, then, because of the :? parameter expansion construct, the given error message is returned.

Improved Output Format

The above function did not return exactly the message that you asked for.  We can fix that:

$ def() { ( : "${!1:? "Variable  not defined."}" ) 2>&1 | sed 's/^bash: !1:  //'; }
$ def NONESUCH
Variable not defined.

Or,

$ def() { ( : "${!1:?}" ) 2>/dev/null || echo "Variable not defined"; }
$ def NONESUCH
Variable not defined


Now this seems like an old question by now, but since alot of people around the internet seems to have this problem, I'd like to post how I fixed the problem.
I had two problems:

can't find command "hwmatch"
failure writing sector 0x... to "hd0"

The first error I fixed by running:

sudo apt install grub-efi-amd64
sudo dpkg-reconfigure grub-efi-amd64
Through the whole reconfigure process, I just pressed "enter"

The second error, the same as yours, I fixed by changing the boot mode in BIOS from "UEFI" to "legacy mode"


Automatic switching between monitor configurations

Ok so i have just become aware that any KDE distro prior to 4.10 does not have this feature. Gnome / Unity has this by default and you do not need to do anything to get it working.

If you need automatic switching between configurations i suggest you perform an upgrade to Kubuntu 13.04 which comes with KDE 4.10.

I am aware that Kubuntu 13.04 does not offer the same stability that 12.04 has - but I am not aware of any way to install the display manager of kde 4.10 in Kubuntu 12.04.


black screen on boot. screen reappears after closing and opening lid

it seems, that there is again a regression for the Nvidia driver and the gpu-manager of Ubuntu.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nvidia-graphics-drivers-331/+bug/1362848

This is an everlasting and frequently returning problem. Normally this gets fixed within a short time. In the meanwhile you could try a newer driver from ubuntu's "fresh graphics driver" ppa or switch to an intel GPU (if your notebook offers this option) by switching to tty1 (Ctrl+alt+F1), login and sudo prime-select intel followed by sudo service lightdm restart (the same procedure with "nvidia" instead of intel for switching back).
Hope this helps fixing your Problem temporarily.


(US, alternative international) keyboard in tty console

You can change the layout with console-data.
If not installed use sudo apt-get install console-data to install it.
Then use sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-data to change the layout.


ulimit is a shell built-in command like cd
you can't use like:

sudo cd /test/

similarly you can't use

sudo ulimit -c

This is not a separate program. sudo looks for a binary to run, but there is no ulimit binary.

If you want to change  your limit  then you can define limits in limits.conf file. Those limits are defined in /etc/security/limits.conf or /etc/security/limits.d/.
you can take help from this question

or

use shell like:

sudo sh -c "ulimit -c"
sudo bash -c "ulimit -c"
sudo bash -c ulimit
sudo sh -c "ulimit -n"


Benchmarking Linux flash player and google chrome built in flash player

This was the first thing I found - I scored the following on Fedora 19 on my laptop:

Firefox 29 - Flash Player 11.2.202.359

Chrome 35 - Flash Player 13.0.0.214

So it looks pretty bad for Firefox with the system Linux plugin - however, just as I was writing this, this happened in Chrome where I had left the test open (annoying music muted):

And since I have has this quite often before (occasionally on Ubuntu as well), I think Flash in Firefox generally works MUCH better (and more reliably, loads quicker, etc...)

A test in Flash Player is likely to be the best way to benchmark it, as I suppose the Acid3 test is a good way to benchmark browsers. There are likely to be better tests than this though.


why I have to use a replacement for Mac OS X Terminal on Mac?

I understand that you are using two different ssh clients. Try login in with both of them and checking the output of the "env" command together with "echo $PATH", and compare the results. If one of the "MacTerm" environmental variables or entries in the PATH is different, set it to the same value as in the "Mac Terminal".


Update Manager won't open (error related to pythonverbose)

The error message could be a symptom of Python compiled module (.pyc ) corruption, which is not unlikely given the unexpected sudden restart. I experience this with wajig recently.

The solution was to delete the .pyc file corresponding to the failing module (in your case __future__.pyc as far as i can tell). This .pyc file might be located in a __pycache__ subfolder. You should be able to safely sudo rm -r this folder, it will be recreated as needed.


White corners in some GTK apps in ambiance theme

For those who are using Gnome Shell instead of Unitiy.

Ambiance (Radiance) theme has the same problem in Gnome Shell. But unlike Unity, all applications are rendered incorrectly, not only Gnome Calendar. The symptoms are the same: white (or black) top corners instead of transparent corners. Additionally, windows lack shadow.

I have managed to fix this by adding the following lines to /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk-widgets.css (or /usr/share/themes/Radiance/gtk-3.0/gtk-widgets.css for Radiance theme)

.window-frame {
    border-radius: 7px 7px 0 0;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 8px 8px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

First line (border-radius) fixes the issue with corners, and the second line (box-shadow) adds a shadow to windows.


I have done the things described in this post : Why does kworker cpu usage get so high?
and it worked for me.


Checking the whole disk health from Linux, including the Windows partitions

What you are describing sounds very much like a hard disk/hardware issue. It's very possible your disk is failing. I'd suggest you obtain a utility from your disk manufacturer (which usually runs from a boot disk) and check whether your disk is functioning correctly.
Regarding the rest of your question, there is no tool that does what you want from within Linux, really, because of the way the NTFS filesystem works. NTFS has it's own journaling system, and it's own repair/recovery methods. NTFS is a robust filesystem that is hard to break, and not prone to issues of corruption or errors. If you modify or tamper with NTFS files from outside your Windows account, it will be detected when you restart Windows and probably force a consistency check. If Windows is shut down unexpectedly, such as from a crash or power failure, files will be left in an inconsistent state, and even Linux tools will warn you against trying to write to an inconsistent disk state, as there is a risk of overwriting or corrupting data. As the other person stated, it's best to manage Linux filesystems with Linux tools from within Linux, and manage Windows files using Windows tools from within Windows. This is all complicated by the fact that Windows is not designed as a multi-boot OS, (though it certainly works as one), and does not gracefully let other boot managers like grub control it's boot process. Of course, neither grub or Windows' boot loader are fault-tolerant, so if something changes the boot order detected, or messes up the hard disk, you're going to have problems.


Can i change my public IP address multiple times in a specified amount of time without losing connection?

You can not change your public IP address via terminal because your public IP is allocated by your ISP. Depending on your ISP it can be static (meaning it doesn't change) or dynamic where it can randomly change.

If you want to change your IP address on your local network, get the name of your network interface with ifconfig and then you can change it with

sudo ifconfig nameOfInterface desiredIPAddress 255.255.255.0

An example would look like

sudo ifconfig enp3s0 192.168.1.227 255.255.255.0

NOTE: 255.255.255.0 is your netmask. Chances are that's what it is


It is somewhat understood from the gdm3.css style sheet that

the one that shows when the system is boot up -->> login screen
the one that shows when the system is locked automatically or manually and where the 3 swipe up arrows are visible -->> lock screen
the one that is visible after swipe up -->> unlock screen

the file /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css is the style sheet for 18.04 by default.. and some of it's contents are

    /* TOP BAR */
#panel {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  /* transition from solid to transparent */
  transition-duration: 500ms;
  font-weight: bold;
  height: 1.86em; }
  #panel.unlock-screen, #panel.login-screen, #panel.lock-screen {
    background-color: transparent; }

when the contents are changed like this

    /* our unlock screen isn't fully transparent */
#panel.unlock-screen {
  background-color: red;
}

#panel.login-screen{
  background-color: cyan;
}

#panel.lock-screen {
  background-color: yellow;
}

Panel Color on Lock Screen is Yellow (attached .gif cant show the colors exactly)
Panel Color on Unlock Screen is Red
Panel Color on Login Screen is Cyan  (poor camera quality to show cyan color exactly)


Text missing from main titlebar & menus in Ubuntu 20.04

I use Kubuntu, and have noticed issues with fonts in GTK apps, but haven't yet tracked down a cause or solution.  Until you are able to find and address the underlying cause, you can try the following as a workaround:

Regenerate the font cache with sudo fc-cache -r, sudo fc-cache -f, or sudo fc-cache.
Log out and back in.  It's an annoyance, but should be quicker than a reboot.


How to autostart an application on Touch device?

Background things are called helpers. For example: downloader, media player, install helper.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/Specifications/ApplicationConfinement#Helpers_and_trusted_helpers

  Apps may want want access to various other data or services, such as Contacts, Calendar, Location, Sensors, etc. This access should happen via an out of process helper and the preferred communication mechanism with out of process helpers is DBus. In this manner, AppArmor policy groups can be defined for these helpers using standard AppArmor DBus rules, etc. These type of helpers do not need any modification-- apps are either allowed to use them or not, and this is decided by AppArmor.

Apps are stopped and killed without mercy:

TX Linux Fest 2015 - Ted Gould - Ubuntu Phone: Application Lifecycle

They shouldn't do the hard work.


Deb package installation from specific component

You can't do that. The packages are not repeated in different components.

So, if you want to install a software and your apt configuration (repos in the source.list file) is not finding it, you should try to check in which component the software is and add it, then update and try to install again.

Good luck.

Source: https://wiki.debian.org/SourcesList


Can't remove directory that I'm owner of

The issue is you're not the owner nor part of the group of the parent folder and that is what's blocking you. Run the same command with sudo in front of it without modifying the permissions or ownership of the /var/www/ folder.
sudo rm -R mage/

Folders inherit the permissions from their parent folders. When you are the owner of the mage/ folder, that will allow you to create new folders and files and delete them within the mage/ folder. But, since the mage/ folder is a subfolder of the /var/www/ folder, which you do not have write or execute permissions to, you cannot create files or folders without sudo permission or changing the ownership or permissions of /var/www/. If /var/www/ had permissions of drwxrwxrwx that would allow you as a user to delete that folder, but this is not recommended as it could break your apache2 server.
Your folder inherited the same permissions as its parent folder that is why you cannot delete the folder as a regular user.
Hope this helps!


eliminate human interaction when installing Java

The non-interactive method would be to use --set instead of --config. Using your example, the commands would be:

sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/lib/jdk1.8/bin/java" 1
sudo update-alternatives --set java /usr/lib/jdk1.8/bin/java


remove "VirtualBox.xml" file.

lunch VirtualBox once again.

VirtualBox will generate "VirtualBox.xml" file it self & its not your responsibility.

make a new VM machine and import your previous .vdi file


Thunderbird on Ubuntu 20.04.1 stop or take control of updates

One easy way:
sudo apt-mark hold thunderbird
sudo apt-mark unhold thunderbird   // For manual upgrades. Afterward, re-apply the hold

WARNING: Delaying security upgrades, while convenient, may incur risk. Do not neglect to check for and apply upgrades regularly.


How to force minimize an application when keyboard is hijacked?

From the tty :

export DISPLAY=:0

Then get the ID of your application through:

wmctrl -l

it will list ID of all opened window . e,g: The id of your application is 0x02e00010 , to minimize the window run:

xdotool windowminimize 0x02e00010

Or :

xdotool getactivewindow windowminimize


Grub 2 installation failed during 18.04 installation

What you've done is a mistake. But a solution is available.

How come you delete the Ubuntu partition from Windows when you're on a dual boot?

GRUB is the bootloader and it is contained in the partition alongside Ubuntu. GRUB helps you load your Operating System. Without the bootloader, how come you come load the Operating System now?

Solution:

There is absolutely no loss of data from Windows.

You need a bootable DVD/Pendrive containing your version of Windows. Say, you have Windows 10 Pro on your PC, you need a boot Disk/Pendrive containing Windows 10 Pro; If it's Windows 7 Professional, you need a drive containing Windows 7 Professional.

Plug it, restart your PC and enter boot mode. Select Repair Windows... option and open Command Prompt. In the CMD, type the below commands:

bootrec.exe /fixboot
bootrec.exe /fixmbr

This would fix everything. Years ago, I've come across the same problem.

Now, you can log in into Windows as you did earlier. Go ahead and download Ubuntu 18.04 and dual boot your PC.


Disable wireless if wired connection available in XBMC

You can create a script and put it in the /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d folder; the scripts in that folder will be executed every time a connection is (dis)established. The number with which you start the filename determines the order of execution, so we will give our script the number 99 to make sure that it is executed last.

Run the following command in a terminal

gksudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/99-wlan

then copy the following, save and close.

#!/bin/bash

if [ "$1" = "eth0" ]; then
    case "$2" in
        up)
            nmcli nm wifi off
            ;;
        down)
            nmcli nm wifi on
            ;;
    esac
fi

you should replace "eth0" with your network device (e.g., the one you see when you type ifconfig. it could be "eth1" for instance).

Make the script executable by running

sudo chmod +x /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/99-wlan

Now if a wired connection is established the wireless will be turned off, if the wired connection is disestablished the wireless will be turned back on.

Acknowledgment: credit to this superuser answer,


Especially if you are moving and/or resizing existing partitions, make sure you backup all important data in case it is lost or damaged.

Firstly, if you are running Gparted from a installed Ubuntu, you can't resize the partitions on which it is installed (it can unmount other partitions though), so you need to use a live disk (explained here).

Then you can resize the partitions - one way to do it is to:

Move sda5 to the left (right click and use 'Resize/Move'), so there is unallocated space between sda5 and sda6:
Then you can move sda6 to the left, so the unallocated space is too the right of it:
Finally, you can expand sda6 so it fills the space:

The yellow parts in the GParted visualization represent the data in the partitions - all the data in the partition has to be copied bit by bit when the partition is moved, so it could take a few hours (or even days...), particularly with slower hardware. Corruption of data is possible - if it is paused or interrupted whilst formatting/copying it is almost certain, so ensure the computer is connected to a reliable power supply and not used much (to maximise the resources available - make sure it doesn't suspend etc though). Also, if the partition is a boot partition, the computer may not boot afterwards if the bit with the boot stuff has been damaged, which I think is vaguely possible even with a successful copy.

Relevant documentation:

http://gparted.org/display-doc.php?name=help-manual#gparted-move-partition
http://gparted.org/display-doc.php?name=moving-space-between-partitions

An alternative method would be use the allocated space by creating a new partition inside it - this is quickest (should take less than five minutes) and also the less risky way, though it may be annoying have data separated between partitions. You can do this by selecting the unallocated space and creating a New Partiton - if you are just using just Linux, then the ext4 format may be best.

You can then select the partition in you file manager (e.g. Nemo, Nautilus, Dolphin, Thunar, etc) to use it:

You may need to use this command so you can use it as your normal user:

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /<path>/<to>/<mounted>/<folder>


Files impossible to wipe, where are they saved?

Yes, that looks strange; I see two things that could have went wrong:

You did not give your actual dd command. Did you get error messages from it?
I'm not sure the dd command finished overwriting the whole partition with random data.

Assuming it did finish, I would think you made a typo and were running photorec on the whold disk, /dev/sdb , instead of the partition, /dev/sdb1. Or you worked on the swap partition, /dev/sdb2.

In both cases, photorec would have scanned the swap partition (as part of the whole disk, or separately). That partition contains data that was in main memory RAM at some time. The RAM could contain some or all blocks of files for a lot of reasonst - so it would be not surprising when these end up in the swap partition.


Use Wayland session with Lubuntu 21.04 on Raspberry Pi 4B

Ubuntu 21.04 documentation refers to the default GNOME desktop (when talking about desktop and not servers) unless it's specifically talking about flavors (eg. https://fridge.ubuntu.com/2021/04/22/ubuntu-21-04-hirsute-hippo-released/ where flavors are only briefly mentioned.
The Ubuntu 21.04 release notes  twice refer to Lubuntu

referring you instead to Lubuntu's release notes for specific details,
and where you can download Lubuntu.

You'll note Lubuntu is treated equally to all other flavors (ie. the release notes are about Ubuntu 21.04 Desktop (with GNOME), Ubuntu 21.04 Server, and not really the flavors).
Lubuntu 21.04 uses LXQt which currently uses X.Org as Wayland is still a work in progress (https://github.com/lxqt/lxqt/issues/10)


Adding user with existing encrypted home

I don't know about encryption but to add a new user to an existent home, you can easily do it by running adduser --home [Dir] --shell /bin/bash --uid [number] [username]

You could try running it to see if it works, make sure --uid isn't 1000 or any of the existent user list. Maybe you can read man adduser to find out more about encryption for home.


Vm VirtualBox with Ubuntu 16.04.5 Input/output error

You just need an ISO file. If you go to "Storage" in the VirtualBox settings for your VM, you will see an Empty CD. Select the Empty CD and then in the Attributes section, click the drop down, the one with the CD icon, and browse to your ISO file and select it. That's it!  Now just boot! :)


Can't login to Ubuntu 14.04 (once again)

I am pretty new myself but lets see if I can help you. Editing fstab could stop your filesystem working so be very careful and back it up first.

Open a terminal

Navigate to the /etc directory
   cd /etc

Check you are in the correct directory and fstab is there
   ls

Back it up
sudo cp fstab fstab_old

Check fstab_old was created
ls

Open fstab in a text editor
sudo gedit fstab

Make the changes you require in the editor then click the save icon


Do I simply create one?

Yes.

By the way: in theory the file name and location do not really matter. It is important to store the file somewhere where you need admin permissions. '/etc/` is a good location for that.


How to disable third party repositories? I have tried sudo software-properties-gtk but it does not work

The graphical way to remove repositories is:

System Settings -> Software & Updates.  Go to the "Other Software" tab.  I'm guessing you will want to uncheck everything on that list, but at least the "Independent" repo.
You can get to the same screen by running sudo software-properties-gtk, as you tried.  That is a python traceback, but I do not know what would cause that error.

You can also remove repositories from the command line:

sudo apt-add-repository --remove 'http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu'

As to why software-properties-gtk will not run, it seems this might be related to this bug.  It looks like editing /var/lib/dpkg/status to remove funny characters might fix the issue (as mentioned in, e.g., comment 19 of that link).  The problem seems to be that information about some package in /var/lib/dpkg/status does not valid UTF-8 encoding, and this causes the crash.


Ubuntu 18.04 Hangs while working with Eclipse

The black screen is showing boot messages when Ubuntu is restarting after it crashed. The boot message says that it is trying to recover the journal of the ext4 filesystem on the /dev/sda2 partition that may have been damaged when Ubuntu crashed. A journaling filesystem is a filesystem that maintains a special file called a journal that is used to repair any inconsistencies that occur as the result of an improper shutdown of a computer. This protects the operating system against damage that could be caused by crashes that occasionally happen for unavoidable reasons such as electrical power interruptions.

Sometimes when Ubuntu crashes the operating system will respond to the keyboard combination of Ctrl + Alt + Del. The correct way to regain control of the computer when it crashes and all else fails is by holding down Alt and SysRq (which is the Print Screen key) while slowly typing REISUB to perform a safe reboot. One way to remember REISUB is to memorize the phrase "Reboot Even If System Utterly Broken".


Had the same issue when the mouse was plugged into the laptop, even thought to reinstall Ubuntu, but noticed that when I unplug mouse, Gnome started to respond again with a touchpad. Then I plugged another mouse and it worked well. Now I'm thinking is it mouse (is it dying?) or something is with Ubuntu or Gnome drivers (Manjaro Live has the same issue) for SteelSeries Kana...


how to restore windows bootloader that doesn't let windows boot after ubuntu 11.04 installation?

Try this-

Follow the solution here. Once you get that working, you can boot into a ubuntu livecd and reinstall grub.


Dual boot for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and Windows 8.1

You probably need to update grub, which can be done by running sudo update-grub. This usually is caused by grub failing to recognize Windows 8.1. Worse case senario you might have to reinstall grub entirely. To do that, see this link;

http://howtoubuntu.org/how-to-repair-restore-reinstall-grub-2-with-a-ubuntu-live-cd


What is the difference between the groups "adm" and "admin"

adm: Group adm is used for system monitoring tasks. Members of this group can read many log files in /var/log, and can use xconsole. Historically, /var/log was /usr/adm (and later /var/adm), thus the name of the group.

admin: The admin group is used to grant sudo access on ubuntu 11.10 and earlier. It's still found on 12.04 for backwards compatibility.


Why does "indicator-datetime" have broken dependencies, and how can I fix it?

This problem occurs when you have updated some packages but (at the time) certain dependencies had not yet been built and available in the repository.

To solve it, refresh your sources (sudo apt-get update) and then install the indicator-datetime package again.


Apt keeps trying to connect to a non-existent proxy

I found the problem, squid-deb-proxy-client was acting extremely weird so I removed it and now it works fine.


Will the multi-touch trackpad on my Windows PC still work when i install Ubuntu?

As far as I know two finger scrolling should work. It worked on my old Dell just fine on 12.04, and I see no reason for Canonical to get rid of that so it should still be there. Other gestures might be automatically available or its easy enough to install packages like that.


I had the same issue and this is what worked for me I started following this article How to install the NVIDIA drivers on Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver Linux

In a nutshell I listed the recommended drivers using

$ ubuntu-drivers devices

then to install the recommended drivers

$ sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

or you can use apt to install whicheve driver you prefer if it is not the recommended one

$ sudo apt install nvidia-390

once I rebooted my system I was good to go but if you still have problems a few other things are mentioned in the article one being disabling Noveau Nvidia driver How to disable Nouveau nvidia driver on Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver Linux
To summarize you blacklist the Nvidia nouveau driver:

$ sudo bash -c "echo blacklist nouveau > /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf"
$ sudo bash -c "echo options nouveau modeset=0 >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf"

and then you can confirm the content of the new modprobe config file:

$ cat /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf

you should see something like

blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0


My experience is that reading book wont help a lot. You will learn new things but you will forget most of them as you will not be using them. The best way to learn Ubuntu or any other Linux distribution is by practice, so use it as often as you can. Make sure you stick with it i.e keep using it and dont convert back to your old OS when doing something trivial is getting tough. Solve the issues when they arise and use Ubuntu for your everyday tasks i.e watching movies, listening to songs, text/document editing, browsing and etc. After a few days of initial discomfort you will find everything easy.


External Hard Drive Not Detected on 14.04

When I get you right you are running a new installed Ubuntu on your internal hardrive and you have Problems to mount your (unchanged) external hardrive where you store your Windows files. Which filesystem do you use on the external hardrive and do you have several partitions.

I experienced some troubles with external hardrives when not cleanly unmounted at other computers or OS. Especially when hardrive was formatted with NTFS. If so try to mount partition at another computer (windows) and umount cleanly. This did solve my problems in most of the cases.


Error opening zip file or JAR manifest missing : /usr/share/java/jayatanaag.jar

Start a search for all packages for the path /usr/share/java in the standard language (English):

LANG=C apt-file search  /usr/share/java/ | awk -F": " '{print $1}' | sort -u | xargs apt-cache policy | grep -P -B 1 "Installed:\s[^(]"

With this command, you see a list of installed packages. Install these packages again with:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall <package_name>

Sample output:

% LANG=C apt-file search  /usr/share/java/ | awk -F": " '{print $1}' | sort -u | xargs apt-cache policy | grep -P -B 1 "Installed:\s[^(]"

gettext:
  Installed: 0.19.2-2ubuntu1
--
gettext-base:
  Installed: 0.19.2-2ubuntu1
--
java-common:
  Installed: 0.52
--
libatk-wrapper-java:
  Installed: 0.30.5-1
--
libcommons-collections3-java:
  Installed: 3.2.1-8
--
libcommons-dbcp-java:
  Installed: 1.4-5ubuntu1
--
libcommons-pool-java:
  Installed: 1.6-2
--
libecj-java:
  Installed: 3.10.1-1
--
libservlet3.0-java:
  Installed: 7.0.56-2
--
libtomcat7-java:
  Installed: 7.0.56-2
--
ure:
  Installed: 4.4.2-0ubuntu1


Cant start GitKraken - GPU process isn't usable. Goodbye

Mine started crashing today. I removed and resnapped but it still crashes. Installing the ubuntu .deb download from the gitkraken website worked.


Generally you should use the drivers from the official Ubuntu repositories.
But because you are having problems ... the latest drivers might be better.
Install the latest official stable NVIDIA drivers for the GEFORCE 820M card.
This time perform NVIDIA drivers installation by using a different method.

First uninstall the - partly - installed NVIDIA drivers.
Boot the computer, when the GRUB menu appears,

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and  press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter your user name and password ... then execute :

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo reboot

Now install the latest official stable NVIDIA drivers.
Boot the computer, when the GRUB menu appears,

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and  press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter your user name and password ... then execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-358 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot


FF performance degraded after moving from Xubuntu 14.04 on Thinkpad W500(Core2, 8 GB RAM) to 17.04 on T520(i5, 16 GB RAM)

If 14.04 worked OK for you then there is no trouble in reinstalling it (other than possible hardware issues with components from end-2016 to 2017, and its EOL in 2019). You will have more RAM than before, so it would be better for your normal Firefox usage, and also, you will have your trusty Xubuntu 14.04 working OK.

You can stay in 14.04 until end-2019 or mid-2020, when Firefox drops support for that Ubuntu version. Then you might try future versions (18.04, 20.04...).

If you are worried about security, FYI you can still receive upgrades until Apr 2019, and after that there is a risk if you still use the system, but if modern versions won't work well, you might try other things such as Mint, Debian,etc.


There are repositories for 2 LTS versions and these 2 lines are mandatory before apt install works

To add the key for the repository:
wget -qO - http://packages.lunarg.com/lunarg-signing-key-pub.asc | sudo apt-key add -

either Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic Beaver):
sudo wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-bionic.list http://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-bionic.list

or Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa):
sudo wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-focal.list http://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-focal.list

and then ...
sudo apt update
sudo apt install vulkan-sdk


Finally managed to get it to work :-). I'm posting my (working) code here in case anyone else hits a similar problem:

// Chart Data
function getData() {
var db = LocalStorage.openDatabaseSync("data.sql", "1.0",  "mileageDataBase", 10000000);
var ret;
var res = [];
var index;
db.transaction(
   function(tx) {
   var rs = tx.executeSql('SELECT * FROM mpg');
   for (var i=0; i<rs.rows.length; i++) {
   var row = rs.rows.item(i);
   ret = row.miles/row.gallons;
   res.push(ret);
  }
}
);
return res;
    }

Many thanks to Velkan for helping to point me in the right direction (even though the original question was more than a little ambiguous :-) )


Yes its possible and there are two options:

Use lxrunto install and uninstall bash:

lxrun /uninstall
lxrun /install

Upgrade with do-release-upgrade:

sudo do-release-upgrade

Information:

The second method might work according to the link given below, but that article is 2016 so this method might work.
Here is clip from Microsoft

  Note: WSL will install Ubuntu version 16.04 (Xenial) instead of Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty)
      in an upcoming release. This change will apply to Insiders installing new instances (lxrun.exe /install or first run of bash.exe).
      Existing instances with Trusty will not be upgraded automatically.
      Users can upgrade their Trusty image to Xenial using the do-release-upgrade command.

Source:

https://www.howtogeek.com/278152/how-to-update-the-windows-bash-shell/

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/commandline/wsl/release_notes#build-14936


Crash During Update Deleted ALL panels; can't open terminal; can't see icons

If you get a live CD, you will be able to access to the content of your computer. In this case, you can still backup what can be saved, (re)install Ubuntu 12.04 from scratch and then put your backup on this fresh (and clean) install.

What you can see by typing Ctrl + Alt + F2 is a command line interface. With this, you can only access to terminal functionnalities. You can attempt to launch the graphical UI by typing the startx command.

You can also do your backup like I explained below with the CLI but a basic knowledge of Linux commands is required - commands for moving (mv), copying (cp), deleting files and folders (rm), changing the current directories (cd) and seeing what is inside a directory (ls). If you do not feel confident with the CLI, consider using the live CD which is much more user friendly and which will not enable you to due errors due to the big power of commands.


How to run installed Windows 8 along Ubuntu, after installing Ubuntu in Legacy mode?

The key for BIOS might be Fn+F2 in case of new laptops.

Boot into Ubuntu and install boot-repair

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

Now launch boot repair from either :

the Dash (the Ubuntu logo at the top-left of the screen)
or System->Administration->Boot-Repair menu (Ubuntu 10.04 only)
or by typing boot-repair in a terminal

Then click the "Recommended repair" button. When repair is finished, note the URL (paste.ubuntu.com/XXXXX) that appeared on a paper, then reboot and check if you recovered access to your OSs.

This will install the grub-efi bootloader. Follow the on-screen instructions given by boot-repair to complete the installation.

Now reboot your system and turn on EFI mode in BIOS. You will able to boot into both Ubuntu and Windows in EFI mode itself. The secure boot option in BIOS needs to be disabled.


Dual boot Ubuntu14.04/WIN7 separate disks

I See the topic is rather old, but maybe the problem is still up;

I have the same configuration myself; 2 ssd's, one with windows and one with ubuntu. EasyBCD did not work for me.

I'am using Grub2.

  sudo apt-get install grub2

And then I installed grub customizer https://launchpad.net/grub-customizer to make sure the right entries are there and that the resolution is set to my display.


No swap in Xubuntu 14.04 LTE with full disk/system encryption

I have similar problem on similar system :), but with only Home directory encrypted...
I just copy^paste answers from another forum:

Cannot reduce lv partion to allow for swap partition.
At first: on most systems today with 4GB RAM and more there is no need for a swap partition. Except, of cause, you are doign very RAM intensive things.
Also there is the option to create a swap file instead of a partition.
Details: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwapFaq


Are you aware of the Ubuntu One Files app for Android? You can find it here.

Although you might be able to get One to automatically sync your pc's Baldur's Gate files, it will require manual downloading and uploading on your phone.

I cannot think of other cloud solutions more suitable to this task, unfortunately.


I have the same problem and I'm using Vivid (15.04)!

It seems that VLC is able to cope with this type of encryptions but not Ubuntu. BTW, the "undetectable" DVD plays and is being detected in Windows.

Have you found any solutions yet?

In the mean time, I'll look in other forums.


How do I get MAAS and Juju to recognize proxy settings in a deployment?

I am afraid this is currently not a supported configuration for MAAS (but i would be happy to be wrong on this).

I also have to use MAAS behind a proxy, and here is how i dealt with it:

importing the pxe images:

sudo http_proxy=http://my.proxy:3128/ maas-import-pxe-files

Edit /usr/share/maas/preseeds/enlist_userdata

set apt_proxy
#we cannot use maas as a proxy as maas itself is behind a proxy
#if we try, when we bootstrap zookeeper, it is not able to download archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precsie/Release
apt_proxy: http://my.proxy:3128/

Change /usr/share/maas/preseeds/preseed_master
so that {{self.proxy}}
is

d-i     mirror/country string manual
d-i     mirror/http/hostname string archive.ubuntu.com
d-i     mirror/http/directory string /ubuntu
d-i     mirror/http/proxy string http://my.proxy:3128/

Be sure to actually remove the {{self.proxy}} macro or it will be expanded anyway if you just comment it out.

Change /usr/share/maas/preseeds/generic so that

d-i     preseed/late_command string true && \
    in-target sh -c 'f=$1; shift; echo $0 > $f && chmod 0440 $f $*' 'ubuntu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' /etc/sudoers.d/maas && \
    in-target wget --no-proxy "{{node_disable_pxe_url|escape.shell}}" --post-data "{{node_disable_pxe_data|escape.shell}}" -O /dev/null && \
    true
is
d-i     preseed/late_command string true && \
    in-target sh -c 'f=$1; shift; echo $0 > $f && chmod 0440 $f $*' 'ubuntu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' /etc/sudoers.d/maas && \
    in-target wget --no-proxy "{{node_disable_pxe_url|escape.shell}}" --post-data "{{node_disable_pxe_data|escape.shell}}" -O /dev/null && \
    in-target apt-key adv --keyserver-options http-proxy=http://my.proxy:3128/ --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys "0x376a290ec8068b11" && \
    in-target sh -c 'http_proxy=http://my.proxy:3128/ https_proxy=http://my.proxy:3128/ apt-add-repository -m ppa:juju/pkgs --yes' && \
    in-target sh -c 'http_proxy=http://my.proxy:3128/ https_proxy=http://my.proxy:3128/ apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 5EDB1B62EC4926EA' && \
    true

There may be better way to do it, it may not work everywhere, but it worked for me.

Note that some charms must also be changed to use a proxy when they try to wget stuff from the internet or add some ppa.


Clonezilla image size smaller than expected

I just checked in the image folder, the largest files in there have the extensions "gz.aa", "gz.ab" and "gz.ac", which I think is a compressed format, right? The partition I cloned had very few media files in it. It contained mostly system files and installed software. since it was my Ubuntu partition. So I guess this seems that compression was indeed used and that the smaller size of the image is perfectly in order.

Correct, Clonezilla used gzip compression and file splitting when storing the image.

You can check this with the file command. That should tell you if it really is a gzip compressed file or something else.

Reducing the file size by half is a typical result when using gzip. Some other compression tools are more efficient but slower (xz, lzma) or a bit less efficient but much faster than gzip (lzop, lz4). And there is also zstd.

Knowing the compression used on the files, you could decompress the image and loop mount with mount to check if the filesystem is still consistent. The following command can be used to decompress the image:

cat your_image_name.gz.* | gzip -d > uncompressed_image.img

Use the equivalent program to gzip and refer to the corresponding man page if file returned something else than gzip.


How can I find/install a package that appears not to be available

The Glitz OpenGL 2D graphics library is no longer included in Ubuntu > 10.10. However you can still download and install the am64 Debian package for libglitz-glx1 built for 10.04 from Launchpad. In the URL given you will also find the dependencies that need to be met:

Before installing libglitz-glx1 you obviously need to install libglitz1 that can also be downloaded here.

You need to find out yourself if these libraries are safe to run, as they are not tested for  conflicts with other packages from Maverick.


How to detect a computer's physical screen size in GTK

from gi.repository import Gdk
s = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
print(s.get_width())
print(s.get_height())

Of course, if you have multiple screens, this gives the size of a rectangle enclosing them both. This stuff is harder than it sounds, in a world with multiple screens in it...


How to publish your key used to sign deb packages so you will be able to use your repository from any machine?

This should help:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 00AABBCCDDEE0011


First reinstall locale package:

sudo apt --reinstall install locales

Open this file:

sudo nano /etc/locale.gen

Find this line: # de_DE.UTF-8 UTF-8, uncomment it so it's now: de_DE.UTF-8 UTF-8. Save the file and run:

sudo locale-gen

see if you have German now.


only cursor speed is missing.
in terminal do :

xset q | grep -A 1 Pointer

to get the current value.
then do (example):

xset m 1/2 4

that's my current default here.
change them to your liking.
cursor theme can be changed from unity tweak tool.

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool
unity-tweak-tool


How do I make sure an apt upgrade doesn't pull in malware from a PPA?

From a security point of view we should not use any PPA at all. There is no guarantee that a maintainer of a personal package archive will not upload unwanted software at any time in the future. Anybody can become such a maintainer. Also see "What are PPAs and how do I use them?" for more on PPAs.

Nevertheless it appears to be unlikely that a maintainer we trust goes rogue in the future to all of a sudden post malware without anybody else noticing and stopping them. Still, we do not know for sure, and there is no security team watching over any PPA.

Therefore it is good practise to only add a PPA from a source we trust. After only installing a single desired package and its dependencies we should remove the PPA again to avoid unwanted upgrades of this or other packages that are or will also be maintained in this archive.

So from a trusted PPA we may proceed as follows without much risk:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:<user>/<ppa-name>
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install <package_from_ppa>
sudo apt-add-repository --remove ppa:<user>/<ppa-name>
sudo apt-get update


How can I do inline encryption system wide?

This can indeed be done by gedit. Install gedit plugins and enable them from preferences.
Then go to Tools>Manage External Tools.
Then create shortcut keys for, one encrypting and one for decrypting.

For encrypting the script is as follows:

#!/bin/bash
gpg2 -a -e  -r email1@email1.com -r email2@email2.com --no-tty

email1 etc are public key IDs to which you are encrypting, you can put one or as many as you like. They don't have to be email addresses. Any other form of valid gpg key ID could be used.

For decrypting, the script is:

#!/bin/bash
gpg2 --decrypt --no-tty

In the lower part of the script window you can set your input and output options from dropdown menues.

For example your input could be a section or the whole of the current document, and your output might be to replace it by the converted text. You might like to save the converted text into another file. So the choice of where your input is and where your output needs to go is important and must be defined as part of the shortcut key action.

It makes sense to have different shortcut keys depending on your choice of input and output. This will save you having to edit the conditions everytime you have a different I/O.

For INLINE (or replacement) encryption/decryption, which was the original question for this post. I have defined S-ENCRYPT and S-DECRYPT shortcuts with these conditions:

Input: the current Selection
Output : replace The current selection

Of course I also have two other shortcut keys (ENCRYPT and DECRYPT) whose i/o conditions are:
Input: Current document
Output: Append to current document

The script for all these shortcut keys is identical (as given above).

The original thread abouthow to do all this appeared in:
How do I encrypt/decrypt file within gedit?

Sadly I could not replicate that result, perhaps due to old/new versions of both gedit and gpg. But that thread has good description of how the process works.


I am getting an error " failed to fetch...." forbidden IP

My sources list was messed up. To fix everything, I replaced my currecnt "/etc//apt/sources.list"
with the default found here https://gist.github.com/rohitrawat/60a04e6ebe4a9ec1203eac3a11d4afc1


I think it's a bug that is still not fixed (in February 2016):
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/grub2/+bug/1273764
Temporary solution:
https://gist.github.com/LeahCim/9332432
Optionally I modify /etc/default/grub
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=false
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true
(default and savedefault should remember to boot the last booted OS)
After everything run:
sudo update-grub
to apply options,
Reboot.


You can upgrade ubuntu 12.04 to 14.04 with do-release-upgrade command
Also check http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/upgrade-ubuntu-14-04-12-04


Flash & graphic-card problems: 82865G Integrated Graphics Controller

For the graphics card to be recognized in Configuration → Details, execute the following command in a terminal

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils

As for the flash-player problem it's a little bit difficult to get any help. Flash player is not an Ubuntu's project, is Adobe's project and currently Adobe dropped flash player support for Linux.

I would suggest two things.

The first called minitube.

sudo apt-get install minitube

The second called google-chrome.

Download and install it from Google's site.


How do I create a system file /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf?

Please open a terminal and do:

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf

The text editor gedit will open a new empty file. Add a single line:

options ath9k nohwcrypt=1

Proofread, save and close gedit. Now load the module immediately:

sudo modprobe -r ath9k
sudo modprobe ath9k nohwcrypt=1

The conf file you wrote will cause the parameter nohwcrypt=1 to now be automatically be loaded on boot.


Program icon not appearing in window list when running

I was looking in the wrong place. The icon in the window list is taken from the app itself. In this case my gtk app simply required a new property adding to its GtkApplicationWindow:

<property name="icon">/usr/share/icons/my-app.png</property>

And all was well.


How to restore Nautilus Launcher icon quicklist to default

The default entries, which are added automatically to the Files launcher icon (not the ones, mentioned in the .desktop file) , are stored in ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks, as lines in the format:

file:///home/[your_username]/Documents
file:///home/[your_username]/Downloads

etc.

I am afraid you will have to re-enter them manually if the file was messed up somehow.

...Or, if you simply want to use all the entries in ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs, you can use the script below :)

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import os
home = os.getenv("HOME")
exclude = ["Desktop", "Templates"]

with open(home+"/.config/user-dirs.dirs") as locations:
    homelinks = [item.replace("\n", "").split("$HOME/")[-1][:-1] \
                 for item in locations.readlines() if item.startswith("XDG_")]

with open(home+"/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks", "wt") as bookmarks:
    for item in homelinks:
        if not item in exclude:
            bookmarks.write("file://"+home+"/"+item+"\n")


I would strongly suspect that any tray applet worth its salt is following the Freedesktop system tray specifications so that every X11 application works on every desktop environment as expected.

GTK+ 3 certainly follows these specs. That should give you a rough idea of the bindings you'll be using. I've no idea how these are translated through Ruby though.


How to reset a VM to a previous snapshot?

Take a snapshot

From the Virtual Box GUI (Virtualbox Manager) when Machine > Tools > Snapshots is selected we can easily take a snapshot from a running virtual machine by selecting Take Snapshot or pressing HOST+T:

This will open a dialog to give in a sensible name and optionally a description of this snapshot:

The snapshot will then be saved in the machine's directory (depending on the size of the machine this may take a while).

On the command line the same can be achieved by

VBoxManage snapshot <Name_of_VM> take <Name_of_Snapshot>

Restore a snapshot

From the Virtualbox Manager we can restore a shut down virtual machine to any snapshot by selecting a machine's Snapshots (1):

Select the appropriate snapshot from the list, then press  to restore this snapshot.

The current state of the machine will then be lost. To also restore the current state we will first have to create a snapshot too.

Restoring a snapshot from the command line is done with

VBoxManage snapshot <Name_of_VM> restore <Name_of_Snapshot>


use xrandr and find the display you want to set as primary, then
in your .bashrc add the command

xrandr --output [DISPLAY DEVINCE] --primary

Example:

xrandr --output DP-1 --primary

this is the same as going into the nvidia-settings app and applying a primary monitor.
log out and log back in, and you should see that your primary monitor is set correctly.


Which Ubuntu version should I install on a Toshiba laptop, Satellite P200 RT1?

Based on your specs I would go with Lubuntu 15.04:

It is more lightweight that any other Ubuntu flavour...

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Lubuntu/GetLubuntu

it runs great on older computers
it has UI "similar" to XP

Check this article:

http://hubpages.com/hub/Why-Lubuntu-Is-A-Good-Alternative-To-Replace-Windows-XP

...I didn't want copy everything over, so here is the link

It might seem as overkill, but buy SSD and replace the HDD, IT WILL make a difference as well. 64 GB would be enough (but even so I would buy 120 GB) if you would store your media as movies etc. elsewhere


Telegram calls via Dante socks5 proxy server not working

These settings solved my problem of calls

Dante Server 1.4.2 (Ubuntu 16.04)

/etc/sockd.conf

logoutput: /var/log/socks.log

internal: 192.168.1.14 port = 8912
external: 192.168.1.14
socksmethod: username
user.privileged: root
user.notprivileged: nobody

client pass {
        from: 0.0.0.0/0 to: 0.0.0.0/0
        log: error connect disconnect
}

client block {
        from: 0.0.0.0/0 to: 0.0.0.0/0
        log: connect error
}

socks pass {
        from: 0.0.0.0/0 to: 0.0.0.0/0
        command: bind connect udpassociate bindreply udpreply
        log: error connect disconnect
}

socks block {
        from: 0.0.0.0/0 to: 0.0.0.0/0
        log: connect error
}

iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m multiport --dports 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT

With these settings, you can already call from the telegram client desktop.
In the telegram app In the proxy settings Disable the "Use for calls".


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS - black screen after login

DO NOT USE NVIDIA PRIVATIVE DRIVERS, something changed since 14.04 that crash Unity.
Even though you can't see the toolbars (the upper one and left one) they are there!. Try clicking where has to be the on/off logo and you'll be able to access the Ubuntu settings! and reboot!

First of all, Check (if you can access settings after normal login) in "screen settings" that perhaps a second screen is activated, even if you don't have a plugged in second monitor. It seems like the video card is working with both. Turn the second off, and you'll get more stability.

I had the same problem with my AMD64 an NvidiaN7000 laptop. Now, is running more stable on Ubuntu 15.04.
If the previous advice didn't work, try this:
1- Before log in, pulse Ctrl+alt+F1, so you get the console.
2- Once on command line, log in. Then "sudo su" to obtain root privileges.
3- Then Update to Ubuntu 15.04. Some bugs with Nvidia were solved in this new version.


Why my app has not been reviewed yet even if its a debian source package?

Mine's been pending review for 2 weeks, 1 day now. Not sure how long it takes it total, but hopefully it gives you some indication to the review length.