How do I install third-party rhythmbox plugins?

Rhythmbox Plugins overview

The version of Rhythmbox that is now installed by default in 12.04 (Precise) has been ported to GTK3 libraries.

This version has been superseded:

12.10 (Quantal) with v2.97.
13.04 (Raring) has v2.98.
13.10 (Saucy) has version v2.99.1
14.04 (Trusty) has version v3.0.2
14.10 (Utopic) has version v3.0.3
15.04 (Vivid) has version v3.1
15.10 (Wily) has version v3.2

What this means in practice, is that many of the previous GTK2 based plugins no longer (or are unlikely to) work with the newer versions of Rhythmbox.

In addition, the folder locations and plugin syntax has slightly changed. If you skip to the bottom of this answer I will give an overview of this.

In terms of whether there is an easier method to install these plugins I have created my own PPA with some of the plugins which I have tried and can confirm do work in the stock rhythmbox versions found in 12.04 though to 14.04 (and later)

to add my PPA

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fossfreedom/rhythmbox-plugins
sudo apt-get update

If you want to install all the plugins:

sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-complete

Alternatively - install the individual packages as described below.

Note 1 - Rhythmbox v2.99.1 & V3 introducing major changes to the menu structure and Python version. Many plugins that expose their functionality through menus together with their python code syntax will need to be recoded & rewritten.  Not all plugins have been updated.  To see if your favourite plugin is available, visit my launchpad page and look for the package for your distribution version (e.g. Trusty).  If it is not available, contact the plugin author (links below) to raise the issue or if possible submit code fixes.

Note 2 - Rhythmbox v2.99.1 removes toolbar menu options.  If the plugin in previous versions used the toolbar, look to activate the plugin via a Tool menu option

Note 3 - if you are aware of other GTK3 working plugins not in this PPA, please drop a comment or contact me via my Launchpad ID and I'll will look into whether it is possible to include these in this PPA.  For problems with the plugins themselves, contact the maintainer themselves (homepage links below).

Album Art Search (v2.96 - v3.0+)

  Searches the web for the album art of the currently playing song using
  Google image search APIs. From the resulting images, one can then
  choose an image to set as album art.

This plugin searches Google for album art.  It allows to to select the cover-art for the playing sound-track.  You have the option to save a picture in

the internal database rhythmbox coverart folder (Rhythmbox Location)
the actual song filesystem folder (Song Folder)
the users home pictures folder (Pictures Folder)

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-albumartsearch

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Album Art Search Panel plugin

tip - disable the Context Pane so that you can display all your album art in the right-hand pane.

Alternative Toolbar (v3.0+)

Replace the current toolbar with a Gnome compatible client-side decoration or a Unity compact toolbar.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-alternative-toolbar

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Alternative Toolbar plugin

Android Remote (v2.96 - v3.0+)

  Allow to remote control Rhythmbox v2.96 or later with Banshee remote application
  from Nikitas Stamatopoulos

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-android-remote

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Rhythmbox Android Remote plugin

Launch banshee remote in Android phone
Connect to the computer IP where RB is working, using port 8484. You may need to allow tcp 8484 through any firewalls.
Control it!

Press the Menu button and then Sync to select the artist and songs to play.

Instructions for the app here.

Art Display (v2.96 - v3.0+)

Brings back the large coverart display found in Rhythmbox 2.96 for later Rhythmbox users

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-artdisplay

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Art Display plugin

Close-On-Hide (v3.0+)

Really close rhythmbox when clicking the x button on the window.  For those people who dislike Ubuntu's predeliction to hide when closing, this plugin is for you.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-close-on-hide

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Close On Hide plugin

CoverArt Browser (v2.96 - v3.0+)

How to browse by album art in rhythmbox?

Browse your albums using the cover-art stored with your album.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-coverart-browser

Start Rhythmbox, enable the CoverArt-browser plugin

CoverArt Search Providers (v2.96 - v3.0+)

Drop in replacement for the default ArtSearch plugin.  This plugin allows you to control where you get your coverart from as well as having more internet search providers to search from.   It also has many bug-fixes that the default ArtSearch plugin does not contain.

This works standalone or is combination with v0.8 & later of Coverart Browser

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-coverart-search

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Coverart Search Providers plugin

Countdown Playlist (v2.96 - v3.0+)

This applet allows you to create random playlist using keywords from your music collection for whatever duration you wish to define.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-countdown-playlist

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Countdown Playlist plugin

Desktop Art (v2.96 - v3.0+)

... and on mouse-over...

This applet allows you to display the coverart for tracks & albums and control rhythmbox from your desktop

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-desktopart

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Desktop Art plugin

Digital-Room-Correction (v3.0+)

For the audio aficionados - this plugin optimises the sound from your external speakers.  Mostly used where rhythmbox is played through your media-center/hi-fi, this plugin corrects the sound that is affected by your room-setup.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-drc

Start Rhythmbox, enable the DRC plugin and choose DRC from the tools menu.

See the project README (link above) for a how-to-use.

Equalizer (v2.96 - v3.0+)

  10 band equalizer for Rhythmbox.

It does what the name suggests - it modifies the sound according to a number of presets

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-equalizer

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Equalizer plugin.  Start the Equalizer from the Control main-menu

Fileorganizer (v2.96 - v3.0+)

When the plugin is enabled, you will notice an option in the right-click menu of music items (like songs) that will read 'Organize selection'. Clicking this will organize the selected files following a defined structure for both folders and filenames. Thats all there is to it.  See the README file for more details.

How do I force Rhythmbox to automatically organise my music files into folders?

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-fileorganizer

Start Rhythmbox, enable the File Organizer plugin.

Guitar Tablature plugin (v2.96 - v2.98)

picture from authors website

  Find and display the guitar tablature (also for drum and bass when
  available) of the current playing song from tab websites. The
  tablatures will be showed in a small panel integrated in the Rhythmbox
  GUI.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-tabguitar

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Tab Search Plugin plugins

tip - disable the Context Pane so that you can display all your guitar tablature in the right-hand pane.

Hide (v2.96 - v3.0+)

Allows rhythmbox to either hide or minimize on launch.  This is very useful to allow rhythmbox to start from Startup Applications without the main rhythmbox window from appearing

How can I start RhythmBox minimized?

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-Hide

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Rhythmbox Hide plugin

Jump-to-Playing (v2.96 - v2.98)

  Adds a context menu entry and a tool-bar button to jump to the playing
  song.

Very simple plugin - if you have a large list, clicking the toolbar button or right-clicking any song highlights in that list the currently playing song.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-jumptoplaying

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Jump to Playing plugin

Jump-To-Window (v2.96 - v3.0+)

This applet allows you to play, search, enqueue using the keyboard

  It's very similar to the 'Jump to File' feature in Winamp, including
  the ability to enqueue a song.

It doesnt matter if Rhythmbox has focus or not - the global hotkey you define launches a window allowing you to add songs to the play queue.

To see this in action - fire-up rhythmbox, enable the plugin and press Shift+Ctrl+J to see this in action.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-jumptowindow

Start Rhythmbox, enable the JumpToWindow plugin

to define the global hotkey

/usr/lib/rhythmbox/plugins/JumpToWindow/src/activate.py

For gnome go to System -> Preferences -> Keyboard Shortcuts -> Add and add the above command.

Use whatever keyboard combination you want e.g. CTRL+G, play a song in Rhythmbox and use CTRL+G to launch the JumpToWindow

Fullscreen (v2.96 - v3.0+)

This python plugin gives you a stylish full screen window usable for parties etc.:

Pulsating hover effect
Album art
Smoothly animated progress bar
Control: Play/pause/skip
Scrolling by cursor position
Queued tracks merged
Full screen - or maximized window via the plugin preferences

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-fullscreen

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Fullscreen plugin

lastfm-extension (v2.96 - v2.98)

  Add some LastFM related functionality to Rhythmbox: love/ban buttons,
  playcount sync and loved tracks sync.

Also available is the ability to finger-print a song i.e. find the track-details for a song based upon the audio in the track.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-lastfm-extension

Start Rhythmbox, enable the lastfm extension plugin

Connect to your LastFM account through the preferences button.  Note - you need to authorise via this button because it does not use the default LastFM plugin authorisation method.

LastFM-Queue (v2.96 - v2.99)

This plugin automatically queues tracks from your music library based upon the currently playing track.

It uses LastFM (no login required) to match similar songs - if the list of similar songs match your music library then those tracks are queued.

to install (64bit users only): sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-lastfm-queue

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Last.FM Dynamic Tracks plugin

Then play a song - watch as other songs from your library are automatically queued.

lLyrics (v2.96 - v3.0+)

  Displays lyrics for the current playing song in the right sidebar.

This plugin searches and displays the lyrics for the currently playing song.  You can also manually find lyrics for any song in your database.

This plugin is useful for those people where the inbuilt plugin does not work.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-llyrics

Start Rhythmbox, enable the lLyrics plugin

Then restart Rhythmbox for the toolbar button to become visible.

tip 1 - disable the Context Pane so that you can display all your lyrics in the right-hand pane.

tip 2 - look for the lyrics menu option (global menu in Unity) for many more Lyrics options and functionality

Looper (v3.0+)

This plugin allows you to loop whole or parts of songs over and over again.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-looper

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Looper plugin

Microblogger (v2.96 - v2.98)

  send notice about current music to a microblogging service from
  Rhythmbox (currently supports twitter and identica)

This plugin allows you to tweet etc the current song.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-microblogger

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Microblogging plugin

Click the preferences button next to the plugin to connect Rhythmbox to twitter etc.

Press CTRL+M to tweet your currently playing song.

NowPlaying

  Winamp style Now Playing sidebar plugin for Rhythmbox.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-now-playing

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Now Playing Playlist plugin

Open Containing Folder (v2.96 - v3.0+)

  Adds an option to open the folder containing the selected track(s) to the right click context menu

This plugin allows you to find the folder for the selected music track.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-opencontainingfolder

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Open Containing Folder plugin

ParametricEQ (v3.0+)

A parametric equalizer plug-in for rhythmbox with up to 64 freely configurable bands.

use this parametric EQ to improve your room response (especially for small rooms) and frequencies below 100 Hz.

This is described in detail here

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-parametriceq

Start Rhythmbox, enable the ParametricEQ plugin

Playlist Import/Export (v3.0+)

A Rhythmbox plugin to export all of your playlists with one click or to import them back again in one click. This allows for synchronizing across computers (with any sync program), and backing up.

Define your backup folder through the plugin preferences. Then use the Tools - Export option to save your playlists. Copy the playlists to your new computer and then use the Tools - Import option to reimport the playlists.

Do not use the import option without having exported first otherwise your playlists will be removed!

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-playlist-import-export

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Playlist Import/Export plugin

Podcast Position (v3.0+)

  Save and restore podcast playing position

By default, rhythmbox does not remember the position of a podcast when switching to another track or closing rhythmbox.  This plugin adds this capability

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-podcast-pos

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Podcast Position plugin

Radio-Browser (v2.96 - v3.0+)

Recording the radio streaming of Radiotray or Rhythmbox

  Find internet radio stations and rip tracks

This plugin allows you to search the internet for radio-stations.  Once found you have the ability to rip the tracks being played as MP3 files.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-radio-browser

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Internet Radio Station Browser plugin

Random Album Player (v2.96 - v3.0+)

  Do you prefer listening to whole albums but aren't sure which one
  you're in the mood for? This plugin for Rhythmbox queues a random
  album and plays it immediately.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-randomalbumplayer

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Random Album Player plugin

Press Alt+R or select from the menu Control - Random Album

Rating Filters (v2.96 - v3.0+)

This plugin allows you to filter your default Library source by Ratings.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-rating-filters

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Rating Filters plugin

Remember-the-Rhythm (v2.96 - v3.0+)

  Plugin to remember the last playing song, source (radio station,
  playlist), browser values (genre, album, artist)

This is a very useful plugin - when you next start Rhythmbox, it will continue playing the last song that was last playing before Rhythmbox was closed.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-remembertherhythm

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Remember The Rhythm plugin

Note - when you enable the plugin, Rhythmbox will close unexpectedly.  Don't worry.  Next time subsequently restart, the plugin will be enabled and will continue to work.

Repeat One Song (v2.96 - v3.0+)

  "Repeat one song" feature for Rhythmbox

Adds a toolbar option to repeat the selected track when the toolbar option is clicked.
Note - it does not repeat a song from the Play Queue.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-repeat-one-song

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Repeat One Song plugin

Rhythmweb (v2.96 - v3.0+)

Control Rhythmbox from virtually any internet-browser enabled device - from IPod, Android, MS Windows etc

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-rhythmweb

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Rhythmweb plugin, then start your internet-browser enabled device and browse to the PC IP address that rhythmbox is running on - suffix the URL with :8000

Rhythmremote (v2.96 - v2.99)

Control Rhythmbox from virtually an internet-browser such as Firefox

to install (64bit users only): sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-rhythmremote

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Rhythmremote plugin, then start your internet-browser enabled device and browse to the PC IP address that rhythmbox is running on - suffix the URL with :8001

Screensaver (v2.96 - v3.0+)

By default, rhythmbox continues to play whenever the screensaver is activated.  This plugin pauses Rhythmbox when the GNOME screensaver is activated and continues to play when the screensaver is unlocked.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-screensaver

Start Rhythmbox, enable the screensaver plugin

Seek (v2.96 - v2.98)

  A simple plugin for Rhythmbox that allows you to seek
  forwards/backwards in the current track. Fast-forward or rewind, in
  other words.

Use CTRL+Left/Right Arrow to seek forward/backwards.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-seek

Start Rhythmbox, enable the seek plugin

Send-First (v2.96 - v2.99)

Small but useful plugin that allows you to send a track or groups of tracks to the beginning of the play-queue rather than the default which is queuing at the end of the play queue.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-send-first

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Send-first plugin

Small-Window (v2.96 - v3.0+)

Adds a menu option (View - Small Window Mode) to shrink rhythmbox controls to a tiny window with just the essential controls visible.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-smallwindow

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Small Window plugin

Spectrum (v3.0+)

Adds a visual music spectrum to rhythmbox

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-spectrum

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Spectrum plugin and use CTRL+S to start or hide the spectrum

Stop After Current Track (v2.96 - v2.98)

  This is a plugin for Rhythmbox, which adds an option to stop playback after current track.

  Useful where you do not want the music to stop abruptly but you do not want to wait until the current playlist finishes

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-stopafter

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Stop After Current Track plugin

Suspend PC (v2.96 - v3.0+)

  Suspend computer at the end of queue or playlist

  Use the plugin preferences to set the timeout and also whether to shutdown (default) or to suspend your computer

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-suspend

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Suspend plugin

tray-icon (v2.96 - v3.0+)

This notification icon is useful for desktops that do not have a media-plugin/indicator support.

You can control rhythmbox via  the icon and you can directly control the rhythmbox volume by scrolling over the icon.

To use in Unity you need to whitelist this.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-tray-icon

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Tray Icon plugin

tip - make sure you have the MPRIS plugin enabled otherwise the tray-icon will not work.

Web Menu (v2.96 - v2.98)

  With one click you can:

  Search current playing/selected song on Youtube.
     Search its album on Wikipedia, AllMusic, RateYourMusic, AllAboutJazz, DiscoGS, Last.fm, Grooveshark, Facebook, Amazon.
     Search its artist on Wikipedia, AllMusic, RateYourMusic, DiscoGS, Last.fm, Facebook, Myspace, Torrentz.
     Open the artist official website [beta].

  You can personalize your Web Menu by choosing which websites are shown in each sub-menu.

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-webmenu

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Web Menu plugin

Wikipedia (v2.96 - v3.0+)

  Search for selected artist, album, track or genre at the click of a
  button.

By right-clicking a track, you can search Wikipedia for details about the track.  This will open your default browser with the associated Wikipedia page (if available).

to install: sudo apt-get install rhythmbox-plugin-wikipedia

Start Rhythmbox, enable the Wikipedia Search plugin

Installing plugins manually

You can install a GTK3 plugin for a specific user in their home folder:

~/.local/share/rhythmbox/plugins

For a system-wide plugin there are two folders:

/usr/lib/rhythmbox/plugins and /usr/share/rhythmbox/plugins.  The former contains the plugin code.  The latter contains the data specific to a plugin.

A GTK3 plugin consists of two files - .plugin and the plugin module.  For a plugin written in Python, this module are often files that have the suffix-filename of .py

A .plugin file has the following example entries:

[Plugin]
Loader=python
Module=AlbumArtSearch
IAge=2
Name=Album Art Search Panel
Description=Search album art using google image search. Adapted from context pan
e plugin by John Iacona
Authors=Rupesh Kumar <kumar_rupesh at hotmail.com>,Luqman Aden <laden@uwaterloo.
ca>
Copyright=Copyright © 2010 Rupesh Kumar, 2011 Luqman Aden
Website=

The syntax of these .plugin files is important and differ from the GTK2 base plugins.

For some general tips when looking to install manually.

sometimes the plugins are zipped up.  Download and extract to a known folder.  Create a sub-folder under ~/.local/share/rhythmbox/plugins and move the files extracted into that sub-folder.
if no zip file is available, you may have to use git to pull the code down.

sudo apt-get install git
git clone git://[full git path]

for example:

git clone git://github.com/fossfreedom/rhythmbox-plugins.git


How much memory should be allocated to root, swap and home?

Taking into account you do not have so much disk space, I would assign same amount as RAM memory to swap in case you have 2 GB or more, or double if it is less. Then you can divide in half the rest for home and root partitions.


How install AVIDEMUX on UBUNTU 17.10 (artful aardvark)?

The easiest way that I have found to do this is download the source code, compile the packages and install. This guide is pretty good.

Its worth reading bootstrap.bash to check the compile options. These sometimes change more regularly than the guide.

Once you have compiled the packages, you need to install them with dpkg -i ...


Ubuntu won't recover after hibernate mode

Maybe this will help you, It's a workaround

  Hi! Finally after a long time of searching and messing around I have
  figure out a temporary work around solution until this bug gets
  patched in future kernel releases. Please see below:

  Use this script only if you have been experiencing issues with
  resuming from standby/suspend in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and the screen
  remains lit but black when you wake your machine.

  Step 1:
  Open up a terminal and create a script file as follows:

  sudo gedit /etc/pm/sleep.d/20_custom-ehci_hcd
  Step 2:
  Copy the entire script below into the file you just created and save
  it:

  #!/bin/sh
#inspired by http://art.ubuntuforums.org/showpost...0&postcount=19
#...and http://thecodecentral.com/2011/01/18...ot-working-bug
# tidied by tqzzaa :)
VERSION=1.1
DEV_LIST=/tmp/usb-dev-list
DRIVERS_DIR=/sys/bus/pci/drivers
DRIVERS="ehci xhci" # ehci_hcd, xhci_hcd
HEX="[[:xdigit:]]"
MAX_BIND_ATTEMPTS=2
BIND_WAIT=0.1
unbindDev() {
echo -n > $DEV_LIST 2>/dev/null
for driver in $DRIVERS; do
DDIR=$DRIVERS_DIR/${driver}_hcd
for dev in `ls $DDIR 2>/dev/null | egrep "^$HEX+:$HEX+:$HEX"`; do
echo -n "$dev" > $DDIR/unbind
echo "$driver $dev" >> $DEV_LIST
done
#for bus in $EHCI_BUSES; do
echo -n $bus > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ehci_hcd/unbind
# done
done
}
bindDev() {
if [ -s $DEV_LIST ]; then
while read driver dev; do
DDIR=$DRIVERS_DIR/${driver}_hcd
#for bus in $EHCI_BUSES; do
echo -n $bus > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ehci_hcd/bind
#done
while [ $((MAX_BIND_ATTEMPTS)) -gt 0 ]; do
echo -n "$dev" > $DDIR/bind
if [ ! -L "$DDIR/$dev" ]; then
sleep $BIND_WAIT
else
break
fi
MAX_BIND_ATTEMPTS=$((MAX_BIND_ATTEMPTS-1))
done
done < $DEV_LIST
fi
rm $DEV_LIST 2>/dev/null
chvt 1
chvt 7
}
EHCI_BUSES="0000:00:1a.0 0000:00:1d.0"
case "$1" in
hibernate|suspend)
unbindDev;;
resume|thaw)
bindDev;;
esac
Step 3:
Give the script run permissions by typing:
sudo chmod 755 /etc/pm/sleep.d/20_custom-ehci_hcd

  This script should work or your money back guaranteed (Joking this is
  open source project so use at own risk :P ), as it forces the graphic
  card to reboot iself using a good old kick from chvt1 and chvt7
  commands which simulate what I used to do manually using Ctrl+Alt+F1 and Ctrl+Alt+F7 to refresh the GUI.

Source: Ubuntu Forums


Ubuntu disk start error "Starting track if upstart is running in a container [fail]"

In my case the problem seemed to be the instructions from the LiveCDCustomization guide that said to delete initctl:

If you installed software, be sure to run ...
rm /sbin/initctl
dpkg-divert --rename --remove /sbin/initctl

The original .iso image does include /sbin/initctl in the squashfs filesystem. Adding that file back into my customized image solved the problem for me. I think the steps to remove initctl are only meant for 9.10, and are intended to undo the related steps from earlier in the guide:

In 9.10, before installing or upgrading packages you need to run ...
dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl
ln -s /bin/true /sbin/initctl


If we're talking about files with executable bit set, then find command has -executable test, and a -delete action.

find /DIR/EC/TORY -type f -executable -delete

or

find /DIR/EC/TORY -type f -executable -exec rm -f {} \;

should do the trick.

To specifically delete all executable files in your home directory (not in sub-directories) and ask you whether you want to delete each file you can do something like

find ~ -type f -executable -maxdepth 0 -exec rm -i {} \;

from man find:

   -exec command ;
          Execute  command;  true  if 0 status is returned.  All following
          arguments to find are taken to be arguments to the command until
          an  argument  consisting of `;' is encountered.  The string `{}'
          is replaced by the current file name being processed  everywhere
          it occurs in the arguments to the command, not just in arguments
          where it is alone, as in some versions of find.  Both  of  these
          constructions might need to be escaped (with a `\') or quoted to
          protect them from expansion by the shell.  See the EXAMPLES sec‐
          tion for examples of the use of the -exec option.  The specified
          command is run once for each matched file.  The command is  exe‐
          cuted  in  the starting directory.   There are unavoidable secu‐
          rity problems surrounding use of the -exec  action;  you  should
          use the -execdir option instead.

   -exec command {} +
          This  variant  of the -exec action runs the specified command on
          the selected files, but the command line is built  by  appending
          each  selected file name at the end; the total number of invoca‐
          tions of the command will  be  much  less  than  the  number  of
          matched  files.   The command line is built in much the same way
          that xargs builds its command lines.  Only one instance of  `{}'
          is  allowed  within the command.  The command is executed in the
          starting directory.


Ubuntu 16.04 - cpufrequtils scaling cores on demand?

Well, basically the system does that already. Idle CPUs go into various levels of power saving c-states, the deeper the c-state the more power saved, but also the longer the time it takes to transition back to active. Newer processors can go into such a deep c-state that they can be considered "offline" in terms of power consumption. The idle framework within the kernel is very complicated, as it attempts to balance response time with energy savings.

For example:
I have an older i7 (4 cores, 2 threads per core, 8 CPUs), that only goes to the c6 state. Using turbostat, I get the following package powers in idle (and the computer is a server, where I have turned off many services, so it really is fairly idle):

4 cores online: 3.92 watts.
3 cores online: 3.91 watts.
2 cores online: 3.90 watts.
1 core online:  3.90 watts.


Maximized windows stop repaint when loosing focus

Solved.

The problem was caused by compiz plugin. Specifically 'Apllication switcher' and 'Static application switcher' that need to be enabled without the use of mipmap to work properly with unity.

So if you encounter this problem just disasble mipmap in these plugins from ccsm interface.


Install zlib with :

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev

And pcre with :

sudo apt-get install libpcre3-dev

Then try to compile again.

For the future ... if you are searching for packages in your system use apt-cache search:

apt-cache search pcre
libpcre3-dev - Perl 5 Compatible Regular Expression Library - development files


collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

-lpthread is an option to specify linking against the posix thread library. If your compilation works without specifying that library, it is probably included by default already, so you don't "miss" anything.

According to this, your original makefile is probably incorrect, that is why you get the error message.


"Deprecated Functionality: The each() function is deprecated" what does this mean?

Deprecated Functionality: The each() function is deprecated.
This message will be suppressed on further calls in
/var/www/vhosts/nuovamoda.gr/httpdocs/vendor/colinmollenhour/cache-backend-file/File.php
on line 81

That's not an error.  It's a warning that each() will disappear in some future version (which is what deprecation means in software).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deprecation

  While a deprecated software feature remains in the software, its use may raise warning messages recommending alternative practices; deprecated status may also indicate the feature will be removed in the future. Features are deprecated rather than immediately removed, to provide backward compatibility, and to give programmers time to bring affected code into compliance with the new standard.


Can't Install Ubuntu 12.04 on New Machine

It sounds like a video problem, but lets start at the beginning with the download.
The alternate iso will sometimes avoid some video problems, so try that if the below suggestions fail.

1) Did you md5sum check the downloaded iso?
  See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM
  Check the number against the listing in the link for your release listed at
  http://releases.ubuntu.com under the MD5SUMS link.
2) If using a CD, did you burn the CD as slowly as possible?
  See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto
3) Did you select the media check before trying to install?
 https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/CDIntegrityCheck
4) Did you ever do a "memory check" (another live-media menu choice) on your PC?

Doing the above can save you a lot of time struggling with a bad install media.

When booting, at the first screen with the little person and keyboard icons, type return, then select your language.  This may also skip some video problems.

At the Try/Install/Test menu screen, read the bottom line and under the kernel options (F6 I think), select nomodeset.  This hopefully will let things run, like the memory test or the Try option.

If the Try option works, getting you to a desktop, then you can install from there, or select the "install" choice next time.

Still problems, try the alternate iso.


In 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT', do values that come later override the earlier ones?

it's not Grub what parses these command lines so you will unlikely find any word about this in Grub manuals. It's the linux kernel, drivers and userspace programs what reads those. So there is no definite answer to your question - generally speaking yes, they do override the earlier values if they are parsed by linux kernel or drivers. But any program in linux can read those command lines via /proc/cmdline file and parse them in any way. Therefore I generally recommend to avoid this to be on the safe side.


Does Ubuntu works on 2012 Sony Viao S 15-inch ?

I have a 2012 Sony Vaio S 1511C5E (Core i7-3612QM, 12GB RAM, with WWAN module, a GOBI 3000, the Intel 4000/nVidia GT640M Optimus hybrid graphics).

I run Ubuntu 12.04 on it without any major problems. I've installed Bumblebee but at the moment it causes the machine to shutdown hard if I try to run an application on the nVidia GPU (known bug the Bumblebee folks seems to be working on). Have not tested fingerprint reader, HDMI port, or suspend/hibernate.

I'm happy with the machine.


Pulseaudio module module-echo-cancel
I started reading a lot about PulseAudio and "hidden" options it had so I could find one that was similar to this question. The one I found was the noise-cancellation module, which is one that dramatically lowers any static noise on the microphone and even A LOT of the background noise, basically giving you the benefit of only recording your own voice with excellent quality (For audio recording for example). To do this follow this steps:

sudo nano /etc/pulse/default.pa

Add the following line anywhere on the file, but I recommend almost at the end where you will find a comment about Echo Cancellation stuff (~line 140):
load-module module-echo-cancel

Reload PulseAudio (pulseaudio -k) or simply restart the computer. You should be able to select the new Noise Cancellation option from the Input Device Section:

You can find more information about it on the Echo Cancel Module Page
Set input as default
If you wish to set as default the echo cancel device simply turn the above line into:
load-module module-echo-cancel source_name=logitechsource

and then at the bottom of the file add
set-default-source logitechsource

In this case I named the source logitechsource, but you can name it whatever you want and simply either restart pulseaudio.
Rename device
Lastly, if you do not want a super long name on the Sound Settings (When you want to select an input/output device). My suggestion is renaming the input device like this:
load-module module-echo-cancel source_name=logitechsource source_properties=device.description=LogitechHD

And again, restarting pulseaudio. The end result looks like this:

UPDATE - Full documentation Found Here Thanks to clément


By disabling Legacy USB 3.0. in BIOS I reduced the firmware boot time from 25.778s to 8.214s; does anyone know why this would be?


Bluetooth not working Ubuntu 12.04 Fujitsu P771 Foxconn /Hon-hai 0489:e031

Generally Linux supports many devices out of the box. But yes, at this moment, this bluetooth adapter has problems in the way how the firmware loads. The kernel supports it and now it can even be recognized with new kernels (starting from 3.5.0.17). But the firmware doesn't load and you can't use it.

For new kernels as a temporary workaround you can do the following.

You run VirtualBox with Windows (Windows 7 is preferred) and then you share the device
with the guest machine. Check if it works. And if it works you just shutdown the guest, quit from VirtualBox and you would be able to use BT normally in Linux.

With Ubuntu 12.10, hopefully, it will start to at least recognize this adapter. You can
check the bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/863051

and mark it as "affects me".

With the last dist-upgrade this adapter started to recognized but is not working yet (i.e useless).

For now the only option is to wait.

More technical details here: http://marc.info/?l=linux-bluetooth&m=134704995714896&w=2

Here you can mark the bug as "affects me" so it get more attention https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1065400


Dual Boot Windows 10, 4 partition maximum

If you have an older (non-UEFI) computer, its hard disk is probably formatted with a MBR partition table. The big limiting factor with this type of partition table is that it can only have 4 (maximum) partitions. Many people need more than 4, so what is done is to create 3 primary partitions, and one extended partition. The extended partition can contain more than 1 partition inside of it. Tricky way to get around the 4 partition limit, yes?

Most modern computers (UEFI) use the GPT partition tables, which allow the use of up to 128 individual partitions, eliminating the need for the extended partition trick. Also, most modern hard disk drives 2TB or larger also require the use of GPT partition tables.

So, to answer your specific question, the answer is no, don't delete any of your 4 existing partitions. You would probably loose the ability to run vendor diagnostics, or the ability to restore the OS in case of catastrophic failure.

If you post a screenshot of a gparted view of your sda drive, we can better answer on how to proceed.

update: I've looked at your gparted screenshot. And yes, sda3/4 are diag/restore partitions. If you don't mind loosing that capability, you could delete them. I'd also shrink your Windows partition USING WINDOWS DISK MANAGEMENT APPLICATION, not gparted, to make more room for Ubuntu.

Cheers, Al


I don't know how to use Gimp for this task, but actually I think the tools from the package imagemagick are better choice for such CLI tasks. This package is widely used as conversion tool on the web server's applications as MediaWiki and WordPress, also it is a back end for some operations performed by graphical apps such PhotoShop. First you need to install the package:

sudo apt install imagemagick

Then use the following command to accomplish the task (reference):

convert input-file.png -set colorspace Gray -separate -average output-file.jpg

If you need to convert all PNG files in the current directory you can use a loop like this:

for f in *.png; do convert "$f" -set colorspace Gray -separate -average "${f%.*}.jpg"; done


Is there a way to switch into another user account from a script?

Looks like this works, if anyone else ever needs to do this:

dm-tool switch-to-user [username]


How to prevent desktop items from going behind the dock

Since Ubuntu 19.04, desktop extensions are not anymore handled by the file manager. Instead, they are handled by a new Gnome Shell extension, "Desktop Icons", which is still very recent and not yet full featured. What you observe is a limitation of how the extension currently works: the extension probably does not (yet) account for the fact that you may want to move the dock to the bottom.

The issue would need to be filed to the developers if that has not been done yet, such that it can be fixed in future versions of the extension.


How do I install the touch core apps on 15.10 desktop?

First add the PPA to your Ubuntu 15.10 system:

sudo apt-get add-repository ppa:ubuntu-touch-coreapps-drivers/daily

Then update the cache:

sudo apt-get update

Example of installing music core app:

sudo apt-get install music-app


Can and should I try enabling the CONFIG_INOTIFY kernel configuration option?

Do you have a recent kernel? PowerTOP is checking for an older option that was renamed to CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER, see this bug report. Of course, you should make sure that your kernel has CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER enabled -- if you have a stock kernel you should be fine. If you built your own and are using make menuconfig then look under Filesystems->Inotify Support for Userspace and make sure that is checked.


How to get mac mini 3,1 ubuntu 12.10 hooked up to internet? compiling 802.11 Linux STA driver

Your device, 14e4:4328, indeed requires the STA driver. It is available on the install DVD or CD at pool > restricted > b > bcmwl. You should be able to right click the package bcmwl-kernel-source and install it with Ubuntu Software Center. Then do:

    sudo modprobe wl

Post back any errors, warnings, etc.


Update to 13.10 and mixed-up linux headers (kernel: 3.8.0-32-generic, headers: 3.11.0-12-generic)

Looks like the package was left out of the saucy repository. For what its worth I downloaded them manual from these links and installed.

http://packages.ubuntu.com/raring/linux-image-3.8.0-31-generic

http://packages.ubuntu.com/raring/linux-headers-3.8.0-31


HP Spectre Freezes on Boot With Thunderbolt Dock Attached

So I figured it out!

The problem wasn't with the dock at all, it was one of the USBs I had plugged into my monitor's USB hub that was plugged into my dock. Just for anyone wondering how I figured this out I unplugged everything from the dock then booted the laptop with the dock plugged in; it worked. I then plugged in 1 cable, and booted again. I repeated this until I found the offending cable; the keyboard.

Once I figured this out I followed the advice from this post: Grub freezes when logitech unifying receiver plugged in

Which was to enable legacy support in my BIOS by going into the BIOS then System Configuration -> Boot Options -> Legacy Support -> Enabled.

This has resolved the problem and now the bootloader doesn't freeze.


Installing Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS from USB on an UEFI system stops in grub rescue shell - how to continue?

I managed to boot the USB by doing the following:

enter commands in grub shell

insmod linux
linux /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
boot

double click the "Install Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS" icon on the desktop

Now my original question is solved, I am in the installer interface.

(However now I have a second problem: no partitions are displayed for installing Linux. The Windows drive seems to have no partitions.)


It sounds like a faulty hard drive to me.

I recommend you to boot a live distro and perform a fsck

http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/08/fsck-command-examples/


Importing mail from Tbird 12.04 t0 ubuntu 16.04to new

First make sure the Thunderbird isn't running.  Then launch it from the commandline with the -profilemanager argument.

$ thunderbird -profilemanager

Click on the Button to Create Profile.
Click Next
Type in the name you want to Call this Profile.
Click Choose Folder
Browse to where you have copied this folder.  Select it and click OPEN
Click Finish
Click Start Thunderbird.

The new configuration will be your Default Profile that will start when you Launch Thunderbird.  You can change the default by running Thunderbird with the -profilemanager argument if you decide to use a different one.


Upgrade to ubuntu 12.10 fails with calculation error

In a terminal run next commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Edit: Also, try to choose another download server.


I need to install my sql server 5.1 where there is no internet connection

First, Ubuntu is a dpkg-based Linux distribution, not rpm. So use apt-get or dpkg to install packages.

Second, MySQL 5.5 is much better than 5.1. And the latest Ubuntu release (precise) provides only 5.5 now.
Well, since you have older releases, you can still use 5.1. The package mysql-server will always match the latest version of MySQL for your release.

Since you do not have internet, you can run sudo apt-get install -sV mysql-server locally without connection. The option -s means "dry run" and the option -V means "show version number". This command does not require root permission and will not install anything really. It will just show list all the dependencies the package mysql-server needs and simulates installing them. Thus you can get both the dependencies, the architectures and the version numbers. You can use a redirection to save them to a text file and copy it to a computer with Internet connection. With this list of packages, you can download them on the computer with Internet and copy them back to the computer without Internet.

On the computer without Internet, you can use sudo dpkg -i *.deb to install all the .deb files you've downloaded from another computer.


Why is my trackpad not working in Lubuntu 14.10?

Ok, so I followed the solution ref by @Smile4ever above. The main issue others might run into is creating the file in /etc/modprobe.d due to permissions.
In terminal:

gksudo nautilus

This opens terminal as admin so be careful.

Next:

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/psmouse.conf

In gedit type:
options psmouse proto=imps

Save and exit.

In terminal:

sudo modprobe -r psmouse
sudo modprobe psmouse proto=imps

the end, roll credits


Remote Login from the greeter not working

Ok, so it turns out here that Ubuntu 13.04 does not come with one particular package that is require for remote logons.

Enter this code in the Terminal and then the feature will work correctly.

sudo apt-get install python3-pycurl


script cannot be run from cronjob, but works manually

First it is wise to use full path to curl, sendmail etc to be sure you will access to commands. Second its good to source your bash profile:

source /path/to/your/home/.bashrc

or

. /path/to/your/home/.bashrc

and add this right after

#!/bin/bash


Installing with USB 3.0 on 17.10 or 18.04 gives (initramfs) unable to find a medium containing a live file system

Here's a set of potential fixes:

Change the boot mode to AHCI
hit X at the GRUB bootloader screen and change live splash to nomodeset
If it's a USB 3.0 USB make sure you use a USB 3.0 port
If the USB 3.0 USB isn't working - try a USB 2.0 port
If that still doesn't work - try a USB 2.0 key in a USB 2.0 port
If you have no USB 2.0 ports try going into the BIOS and disabling USB 3.0 at the BIOS level
If your BIOS doesn't have that setting try using a USB extension cable to downgrade the link to USB 2.0
If you can't do any of that, then congratulations you're just as stuck as I was for many many hours

Finally if none of those work, then you can try an answer I found after a ton of digging located here:

https://askubuntu.com/a/946334/85384

In essence, when it looks like Ubuntu is waiting for the USB stick to be present to read from you can unplug the USB stick and replug it back into the same slot. This fixed the issue for me 100%.


Two languages mixed on interface Ubuntu 12.04

I'd suggest that you open Language Support again and reinstall Spanish. Then you probably see Spanish at the top of the "Language for menus and windows" list. Now drag the Spanish item to below the English item, and relogin.


MythTV Backend Setup Guide Ubuntu Server 12.10

All things being equal, on a fresh installation of Ubuntu, running:

sudo apt-get install mythtv-backend-master

will install your MythTV master backend server. Unless you have done odd things to your network (or other) configuration, this will automatically expose the relevant services for remote connections from other machines on your local network.

To run mythtv-setup on your backend from another machine, you need to run:

ssh -X mythtv@yourservername mythtv-setup

This will run mythtv-setup as the mythtv user. You may need to set a password for the mythtv user on your server before you can log in using it.

One thing to remember is that this method still requires an X Server running on the machine you are connecting from.


I had this problem with my GTX 470.

Grab the software package Additonal Drivers.
Open the Software Sources application and the drivers will show up.


How do I install Ubuntu on an external hard drive alongside my Windows 8.1?

You would just like installing on an internal drive, but once you get to the screen where you choose a drive, make sure that you choose your external drive.  Also make sure that you partition the empty space on it, just to be on the safe side, if you have any important data on the drive, make sure that its backed up.  For more info see Installing Ubunut.

You may have to Turn off fast boot and disable secure boot.

Extra info


unable to download torrent in my ubuntu 14.04

Right-click on torrent file link and choose Save file. A torrent file should be created in your Downloads or home folder. Click on that file and it should automatically open with a torrent software. Make sure you don't mistake magnet link for torrent file. Some torrent sites don't provide torrent files anymore, just magnet links. Magnet links cannot be downloaded as a file, they can only be opened directly by torrenting software.

If a magnet link doesn't open with any torrent software (it is not associated with any such program), just click-and-drag the magnet link into a torrent program window. That should open the magnet link.

Tutorial about how to associate magnet links with qbittorent here: How to associate magnet links to qBittorrent?


Flash lags after getting back from suspend

This may be an issue with the suspend feature.  I'm going to assume by "Suspend" you mean "Hibernate".  This kind of issue is well known to be caused by the hibernation feature in Linux.  My advice is to restart your computer, and try to not hibernate your computer (if you can avoid it).


You neither must remove GnuPG (1) installed as gpg, nor can safely. It can safely coexist with GnuPG 2 installed as gpg2, which is supported by Enigmail.

The "old" GnuPG version 1 gpg is still used intensively by Ubuntu's (and Debian's) package management system and is not ready to be replaced by GnuPG 2 yet, at least doing so is not officially supported and might break your system.


When you are using 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and stream audio using bluetooth, it is generally normal that Wi-Fi slows down. Bluetooth uses the same frequency.

You can enable bluetooth coexistence on Ubuntu, but it is not perfect either.

It can  be enabled by a terminal command

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf <<< "options ath9k btcoex_enable=1"

Reboot to apply.

If this setting doesn't help or makes things worse, revert it by

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf


Kubuntu 20.04 Crackling audio when changing youtube volume

I just found the answer to my problem. It seem like this crackling noise when changing volume happens when the audio is resampled. So, in order to find out what is the default sample rate of my sound card:

pactl list short sinks

Since it indicates that my USB sound card is 44100 I changed these values to /etc/pulseaudio/daemon.conf

default-sample-rate = 44100
avoid-resampling = true

Afterwards restart pulseaudio

pulseaudio -k
pulseaudio --start

For me this completely eliminated the annoying crackling sound when changing the volume


Intel wifi Support for AX200 (Cyclone Peak)

The package backport-iwlwifi-dkms from the PPA canonical-hwe-team/pc-oem-dkms works for both kernel versions 4.15 and 5.0, the current HWE kernel. However, you need to install the package while running kernel 4.15. With kernel 5.0, you get an error during the package installation.

After the package has been successfully installed, just reboot your system, and your wifi should be working.


how to find the jobs run by each local users

To list cron jobs that belong to a specific user, run the following command:
sudo crontab –u username –l

Replace username with the actual username you’re viewing.


about:blank opens in Chromium when I type into the dash

Fixed. Quite a weird bug. I had to re-login into Google in the "Online Accounts" settings under system settings.


Counter part for snipping tool in Ubuntu 16.04

The standard preinstalled screenshot tool is gnome-screenshot, it listens on the PrntScr key of your keyboard.

An extensive screenshot tool you can install additionally is shutter.


I have the same pop-up in Ubuntu 16.04, whenever I plug in my headphones:

Apparently, there was an option to disable it in the previous versions, mainly because of the changing hardware for headsets. Previously, there used to be different jacks for speakers and microphones, but today's machines have merged them into one. Different standards too cause problems in autodetection.

Have a read here: http://voices.canonical.com/david.henningsson/2014/03/07/headset-jacks-on-newer-laptops/


I turned freesync off then back on again in my monitors menu, now  it's working fine


Make Windows bootable pendrive from Ubuntu using woeusb and unetbootin

If your pc is UEFI, you should:

Create NTFS filesystem on USB's first (and single) partition,
Set the partition type to 'Microsoft Basic Data`
Copy all files from ISO to USB
Reboot, enter boot menu and select USB's first partition to boot into

People usually make mistake of creating FAT32 filesystem, but in most cases it does not work since windows ISO include a bigger file than the size supported by FAT32

If your pc is not UEFI, you should use WoeUSB tool to create bootable `Windows Pendrive'


Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS - MySQL error - unconfigured/dependency errors

This error message seems like a good place to start:
Status: "Data Dictionary upgrade from MySQL 5.7 in progress"
dpkg: error processing package mysql-server-8.0 (--configure):
 installed mysql-server-8.0 package post-installation script subprocess returned
 error exit status 1

If you have recently upgraded from MySQL 5.7 to 8.0, there are a bunch of updates that need to take place with the system databases. The upgrade script is failing for some reason.
The easiest solution — so long as you have backups of your important databases or do not need them at all — would be to remove MySQL completely, then re-install. A lot has changed between 5.7 and 8.0, so a fresh installation would likely resolve this for you.
To completely remove MySQL, follow these steps:

sudo apt-get remove --purge mysql*
sudo apt-get purge mysql*
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get remove dbconfig-mysql

It would probably also be a good idea to ensure the data directory is gone.

check if /var/lib/mysql exists, if so, do (2)
sudo rm -Rf /var/lib/mysql

From there you can re-install MySQL:

sudo apt install mysql-server
sudo mysql_secure_installation
(optional) restore databases & user accounts

Hope this helps


Use

info bash

and then search (type '/' followed by '<<') .
Here's a partial quote:

Here Documents
   This type of redirection instructs the shell to  read  input  from  the
   current source until a line containing only delimiter (with no trailing
   blanks) is seen.  All of the lines read up to that point are then  used
   as the standard input for a command.

   The format of here-documents is:

          <<[-]word
                  here-document
          delimiter

   No  parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or
   pathname expansion is performed on word.  If any characters in word are
   quoted,  the  delimiter is the result of quote removal on word, and the
   lines in the here-document are not expanded.  If word is unquoted,  all
   lines  of  the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com‐
   mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion.  In the latter  case,  the
   character  sequence  \<newline> is ignored, and \ must be used to quote
   the characters \, $, and `.

   If the redirection operator is <<-, then all leading tab characters are
   stripped  from  input  lines  and  the line containing delimiter.  This
   allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a  natural
   fashion.

Here Strings
   A variant of here documents, the format is:

          <<<word
   The word is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard input. [...]


connect: Network is unreachable - but connection is actually there

For some reason no gateway was added to my routes. I ran the following command:

sudo route add default gw 192.168.0.1 wlan0

It's working all fine now :)


How to get isolcpus kernel parameter working with Precise 12.04 amd64?

Disabled SMT (Hyper-Threading) in BIOS, power cycled, tested again with HT off and isolcpus works as expected.

Re-enabled SMT in BIOS, power cycled, still works as expected.

Definitely not the best answer you could expect, but it worked for me nevertheless.


How do I install Ubuntu 14.04 over a current Linux distrobution?

If you have a seperate /home partition, you can replace your Linux Mint partition and mount your old /home partition in your new Ubuntu install. Make sure NOT to format your /home partition when installing Ubuntu. If you do, your files are lost.

/home is intended as a partition for your personal files. If there are (configuration) files outside your /home partition that you want to keep, move them beforehand.

If you did not select to have a seperate /home partition, don't worry, here is a guide to help you with that. It involves moving your files to a seperate partition. After following these steps, replace your Mint install with a new Ubuntu install.

If you are not content on keeping your files, you can just install Ubuntu as normal.


Move Ubuntu Server 14.04 from 128 to 256 GB SSD

There are many ways to do so, most of them relying on dd and resize2fs behind some frontend if you don't want to do it manually. I would recommend CloneZilla, which will also resize your partitions and write new partition table.


How to change the bootloader during system installation?

During the Ubuntu installation, there is not much you can do. You have to make all the choices before the installation or if you made a mistake, you have to wait and reinstall again with the configuration that you like :)


Gallium 0.4 on llvmpipe (LLVM 3.8, 128 bits) driver issue Ubuntu 14.04

After I got the message of the eol of the hardware enablement, I updated via software updater and ended up with Linux 4.4 and a non-working graphics system. To boot, I had to go via recovery and got the software driver without acceleration (llvmpipe).
There seems to be no driver available that can work with this kernel.
I solved it by installing a 4.5.3 kernel from "http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/".
I now am using the open-source drivers, graphics is shown as "Gallium 0.4 on AMD ARUBA (DRM 2.43.0, LLVM 3.8.0)"


Vi syntax highlighting for words followed by a parenthesis

Since you already have a pattern to match, I think you could use an offset for the highlighting. From the vim documentation:

                    *:syn-pattern-offset*
The pattern can be followed by a character offset.  This can be used to
change the highlighted part
...
Example:
  :syn match String  /"[^"]*"/hs=s+1,he=e-1
    some "string" text
          ^^^^^^        highlighted

So I think this should do the job:

syn match rFunction "\(\(\a\|[.][._\a]\)[._\w]*\)\+\ *("he=e-1

You could also use lookaheads, which would be preferable, since it allows you to avoid having some elements enter the match:

syn match rFunction "\(\(\a\|[.][._\a]\)[._\w]*\)\+\ *[(]\@="


How do you switch the audio out from the speakers to a USB speaker from the command line?

Have a look at the wiki page for command line Pulseaudio and these 2 commands:

pacmd - Reconfigure a PulseAudio sound server during runtime.
pactl - Control a running PulseAudio sound server.

Some (old) examples I found on the web...
Change to jack out:
pacmd "set-default-sink jack_out"

Enable headset:
pactl load-module module-alsa-sink device=Headset; sleep 2
pactl load-module module-alsa-source device=Headset; sleep 2
pacmd "set-default-sink alsa_output.Headset"
pacmd "set-default-source alsa_input.Headset"

Both untested: no usb headset and no jack out to test


Could you share the commands and order of what you tried?

I had a similar issue and have heard this referred to as the login loop issue.

Open command to investigate/fix errors on login using:

When you get to the login screen (that is zoomed in and won't let you login).

Hit ctrl+alt+f1
Login using your credentials you would use at login
screen
Type cat .xsession-errors
Research errors

Solutions that worked for me:

Replace nvidia-current driver with xserver-xorg-video-nouveau driver:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get purge nvidia-*
sudo reboot

Disable secure boot in bios:

Restart pc and enter your bios setup (http://www.pcworld.com/article/241032/how_to_enter_your_pcs_bios.html)
Find the option "Secure Boot", most likely in "BOOT" options
Disable Secure Boot


Cannot print from LibreOffice, but can from a terminal

I resolved the problem by using the information I provided in the comments. The final step that made it all work was going into settings, printer and, by selecting the printer, adding it. I had my printer plugged in with the usb connection too. It worked on LibreOffice when I selected that same printer (I had 2 [a generic and the one with the actual real name). I hope this can help someone with the same issue. Thanks to all who tried to help.


As "nhnb" says: it seems like this bug is fixed in OpenJDK.  OpenJDK is based on the open source parts from Sun Java, with the parts that are not open source replaced by alternative code, and which apparently also fixes some bugs...


Installing library with foreign architecture

This is available libc6-i386 here https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/libc6-i386
or if its still not showing maybe the repo is not install. Else you can do a simple workaround https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30451939/cant-install-libc6-package


6 months later... my latest upgrade of blender (2.69) which I keep updated through software-sources of the gui Update Manager from:
 http://ppa.launchpad.net/irie/blender/ubuntu
now includes the libavformat.so.55 library in the blender/ffmpeg/2.0/ directory along with latest versions of other ffmpeg tools.  likewise libavformat.so.54 is included in the blender/ffmpeg/1.2/ directory, so they are kept updated by the hard work of IRIE Shinsuke.


Here is an answer, that works under Ubuntu 16.04 with lightdm:

Make yourself root to get access to the lightdm's .Xauthority, which is located under /var/lib/lightdm/.Xauthority. Either copy it somewhere where it will be readable by you and drop your root permissions, or simply remain root.
set XAUTHORITY to point to that file (e.g. export XAUTHORITY=/var/lib/lightdm/.Xauthority)
set DISPLAY to the active display (export DISPLAY=:0)
xdotool should work now. Try

xdotool type "My super secret password"
xdotool key Return


Refer to the wiki: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Config/Resolution#Adding_undetected_resolutions
Try letting it detect resolutions dynamically.


Ubuntu 18.04 video stutters every second regularly with nvidia GPU

I figured it out but I'm not entirely sure why this works!

It turned out that I had one of my gnome shell extensions (SystemMonitor) update values every second, and as soon as I turned this off it no longer had a stuttering issue. Why exactly that was the problem I am unsure, but turning it off fixed it.


Open a terminal and run:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

That will install any pending update needed. If you do not encounter any problem, then you are fine!


How can I install the Dracula theme for Ubuntu on Windows 10?

You cannot install Dracula theme into Bash for Windows shell directly, but you can install ZSH shell with Oh My Zsh in WSL and then install Dracula to it.

Open WSL shell and follow these steps:

sudo apt-get install -y zsh git curl
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

Add the following lines into ~/.bashrc file (nano ~/.bashrc) to start ZSH shell on WSL open:

if [ -t 1 ]; then
exec zsh
fi

Then you can follow the Dracula installation steps:

git clone https://github.com/dracula/zsh.git
ln -s ~/zsh/dracula.zsh-theme ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes/dracula.zsh-theme

Configure ZSH (nano ~/.zshrc) and edit the following line

ZSH_THEME="dracula"

However, you have to also install fonts to display ZSH correctly in WSL, see steps in Oh My ZSH section here: https://github.com/bootstraponline/meta/wiki/Windows_10_Bash

sudo apt-get install fonts-powerline

You can download ConEmu here: https://github.com/Maximus5/ConEmu or you can use Windows Terminal (Preview) from Microsoft store instead.


The problem might be due to rabbitmq being installed on your machine.

See this bug report: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/rabbitmq-server/+bug/670289

Remove rabbitmq using:

sudo apt-get purge rabbitmq-server


Setting permanent MAC address in Ubuntu 14.04

You can use an udev rule to automatically set the MAC address on your network interface

Create the file /etc/udev/rules.d/99-custom-mac.rules and paste into it:

ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", ATTR{address}=="XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX", RUN+="/sbin/ip link set dev %k address YY:YY:YY:YY:YY:YY"

where XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX is the original MAC address of your interface (you can get it in the output of ip link) and YY:YY:YY:YY:YY:YY is the new MAC address you want to enforce.

To make the change effective you can run

sudo udevadm control --reload

but I doubt it works, so a reboot might be necessary.


how to retrieve the administration account in ubuntu

Start the terminal.
run gksu gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
Change the allow-guest=true to allow-guest=false
Save the file.
reboot your computer.

Your guest account should now disappear.


This is always very scary if you are a new user, but it you keep calm and are willing to do some research, it can often be resolved.

For any more specific advice, you'll need to provide more information, have you done anything to your system recently? how many drives do you have? etc.

When this happened to me, I was able to follow a process similar to this one and it worked fine. I would advise that you read the link, but be careful before executing any commands as your system will be different to the one in the article.

One thing to note is that you can probably access the filesystem by booting from the USB stick you installed it with (or indeed any bootable Linux USB). This will allow you to copy any data from the device that you may need.


how to completely reformat a usb using fdisk?

fdisk manages partitions, but does not format or write data to the disk.

To format the disk, use mkfs

# FAT
mkfs.vfat /dev/sdxy # /dev/sdxy is your usb

# Or for ext4
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdxy

However, formatting does not overwrite your data, it just removes the pointers to where it is. To overwrite your data you actually need to write over it, use dd or a utility such as scrub

scrub /dev/sdxy

See also man scrub


Installing crunchbang (grub) alongside WUBI

Wubi is not visible to other bootloaders. It's managed by the Windows boot manager, so you can install anything you like.

When you install another OS using e.g. Grub, it will add an entry for the new OS and Windows. When you select Windows you'll get the option to boot Wubi.

Wubi also runs Grub and when you update its grub.cfg i.e. by running sudo update-grub (or from a package update trigger) it will see the other OS. Then you'll find the Wubi Grub menu starts to appear (it's suppressed by default) and it will show the new OS in it (not Windows, which is automatically removed).

How does Grub find the Wubi install when running Wubi, but not when running a normal install? There is a package lupin-support which adds a script /etc/grub.d/10_lupin and this adds entries for Wubi. You can still boot a Wubi install from a normal Grub on your new OS, but you'd have to manually add the entries for it (not hard since you can just copy them from the Wubi install's grub.cfg to the other installs /etc/grub.d/40_custom)


Turns out it was faulty hardware. Tried it after installing Windows and had the same issue. Installing and using a bluetooth dongle fixed my issue.


Try the below command on terminal,

sudo apt-get install libmp3lame0


gnome desktop not working after a new Ubuntu 20.04 and Brave install

There is a useful reference here about using GNOME Shell Extensions.
It was necessary to follow these guidelines after installing 20.04.1 to get the extensions to work in my system with the same error message using the default Firefox installation.
On the other hand, there is a reference here from the Brave Help Center which gives further information on adding Extensions to their browser.


Make error on Nvidia drivers and kernel 3.17

Whit the tip of Taz D, I was able to run the kernel 3.17 alongside with the last Nvidia driver. Just needed to say No to dkms auto-build during the installation process.


Permission denied (publickey) Amazon Linux aws

If you are not running Amazon Linux, you have to change the username (ec2-user)  for specific OS.

In my case, I'm using an Ubuntu server, and I connect using ubuntu@xxx.xx.xxx.xxx.


Multiple warnings and errors when refreshing applications in snap

In case someone is still interested in the answer, I have just found the erroneous file. In my case it was an extra font file /etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf linked to a font file installed with the TexLive 2020: /path/to/texlive/2020/texmf-var/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf. I suppose any older(ish) application that installs incompatible font files will cause this issue sooner or later.
The sort out the issue, I removed the file, removed and rebuilt cache:
rm -f ~/.cache/fontconfig/*
sudo rm -f /var/cache/fontconfig/*
sudo fc-cache -rv

After this, snap seems to work again.

EDIT.
There is a post on Snapcraft that suggests running fc-cache -rv instead of sudo fc-cache -rv. I don't know the exact difference between executing this command as root and as a user but I had to run it as root.
For TexLive users, I can still link the file and rebuild font cache once you have updated snap because applications seem to work. However, every time I want to install something I have to repeat the routine.
Hope it helps.


How can I reinstall Broadcom STA drivers?

Have you tried to purge these things, reboot and go to proprietary drivers?

sudo aptitude purge i8kutils bcmwl-kernel-source bcmwl5700-source bcmwl-modealiases broadcom-sta-common broadcom-sta-source b43-fwcutte


You almost did what what must be done.
###The short version:

###TL;DR
Due to a security issue, the authorized_keys, containing the public key of your client was deleted...

Dropbear and openssh are both SSH servers but don't share the same format of  keys, although they share same principle of private-public keys:

DER format for dropbear
PEM format for openssh for private keys
An authorized_keys file on the server side,
A known_hosts file on the client side.

That's why to connect to a dropbear server, both ssh and dbclient can be used, but /usr/lib/dropbear/dropbearconvert must be used to convert the public keys ensure ssh is compatible with dropbear, or to make dbclient compatible with sshd.

Dropbear is much smaller than sshd and even though it's more basic, it's good to have an SSH public key-only server available at an early stage of the Linux boot process, specifically when you use a boot loader such as PXE and/or iPXE.
To do that, dropbear must be integrated to the init filesystem (The initrd image).
The Ubuntu package dropbear-initramfs must be installed (I'm using version 2017.75-3build1 on Ubuntu 18.04).
All dropbear's settings are in the /etc/dropbear-initramfs/ folder, including the configuration file (config), server private keys, rsa, dss, ecdsa (dropbear_*_host_key), and client's public keys to accepted (authorized_keys) must be placed here in the correct dropbear format.
Then to update your current initrd image file in the /boot/ directory, you must launch:
 sudo update-initramfs -u

This package comes with scripts to build initrd images in /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/dropbear, and scripts to run in the early stages of the boot process in /usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/init-premount/dropbear, and only then are those last scripts embedded inside the initrd images.

Some distributions delete authorized_keys under certain conditions to prevent ssh connections in early stages. To circumvent this, you must check this and workaround such as below:
 $ cd /usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/
 $ grep -R authorized_keys *
 init-bottom/dropbear:# delete authorized_keys(5) file to forbid new SSH sessions
 init-bottom/dropbear:#rm -f ~root/.ssh/authorized_keys
 init-bottom/dropbear:    # just kill this script), so deleting root's authorized_keys(5) file

In the workaround, we mitigate the deletion of authorized_keys to be able to connect into a machine when something goes wrong in the initramfs stage.


No boot option after dual boot Windows 7 and Ubuntu 13.10

Go to the terminal, and type this in:

sudo update-grub

I had the exact same problem and it worked wonders for me.


Share Ubuntu between two computers and explore ubuntu

you can test them on a single computer also by install client and server software on same system but if you want to do it with two system connect them (I assume you know networking)

install server and client softwares example

Telnet: install telnetd (sudo apt-get install telnetd) in one computer and access it via access terminal as telnet <ip of second system>

SSH : install openssh

FTP : vsftpd

HTTP: apache2

Hope this helps


Kubuntu 20.04: non-english filename characters show as question marks on usb sticks mounted through the terminal

Since I posted this question I did more research and came up with the following:

Create a mount point with mkdir /media/user/mount-point-name,
change ownership from root to user with chown user:user mount-point-name, and give rw permissions with chmod 644 mount-point-name.

Create an fstab entry:
edit fstab with sudo nano /etc/fstab
add the following line: LABEL=drive-label-name   /media/user/mount-point-name   vfat   user,utf8,noauto  0  2

Now, a breakdown of the fstab entry:
LABEL= works just like UUID=, so now you can mount the usb stick by issuing mount LABEL=drive-label-name,
the second part is the path to the mount point,
vfat is for fat format type and afterwards come
the mount options:
user is the option that lets us mount as normal user,
utf8 has made all fonts display correctly,
noauto so that it is not mounted automatically,
the 0 is the dump, and
2 means the drive should be checked with fsck after 1, meaning after / and /boot/efi partitions.

Hope this helps somebody!


xfce4-terminal goes 'blank' occasionally while in drop-down mode

I think I solved it.  I eliminated the drop-down animation duration and the problem hasn't come back.  I'll mark this as answered for now.


RealTek RTL8188CE WiFi adapter doesn't connect reliably

Looks very much like this bug, flaky on Oneiric and almost never working on Precise.


Can not access Windows 10 after Ubuntu dual boot

There are a couple of things you can try.

First of all, run sudo update-grub and restart your computer.

If you still can't boot into Windows, try out the tool boot-repair. You can install it in Ubuntu using the ppa mentioned in the second option. Run it, and it should bring back your Windows boot entry. If not, there is likely a problem with the Windows partitions.


Access my ubuntu terminal form other computer

If it's working from your internal network and not from outside, the normal reason is that the incoming port for you machine (port 22 by default) is closed by a firewall. Which, by the way, is the expected thing.

You should contact your office/campus IT administrator and ask them to open the port for you. After that,

you must take seriously the security of your machine. Update as soon as possible when there are security updates available
Think about installing a configuring some "guard" daemon, like fail2ban.


I've installed Gnome on Ubuntu, how can I revert it back to Unity?

You can remove GNOME and all its installed programs using:

sudo apt-get purge abiword abiword-common abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview alacarte argyll cups-pk-helper epiphany-browser epiphany-browser-data evolution evolution-common evolution-plugins fonts-cantarell fonts-lyx gdm gir1.2-accountsservice-1.0 gir1.2-caribou-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-gst-2.0 gir1.2-evince-3.0 gir1.2-gck-1 gir1.2-gconf-2.0 gir1.2-gcr-3 gir1.2-gdesktopenums-3.0 gir1.2-gkbd-3.0 gir1.2-gnomedesktop-3.0 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 gir1.2-ibus-1.0 gir1.2-mutter-3.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 gir1.2-panelapplet-4.0 gir1.2-polkit-1.0 gir1.2-telepathyglib-0.12 gir1.2-telepathylogger-0.2 gir1.2-upowerglib-1.0 gir1.2-xkl-1.0 gjs glchess glines gnect gnibbles gnobots2 gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-color-manager gnome-desktop-data gnome-dictionary gnome-games gnome-games-extra-data gnome-icon-theme-extras gnome-mahjongg gnome-packagekit gnome-packagekit-data gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-search-tool gnome-session-fallback gnome-shell gnome-shell-common gnome-software-manager gnome-sushi gnome-tweak-tool gnome-update-viewer gnotravex gnotski gnumeric gnumeric-common gnumeric-doc gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-apps gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio gstreamer1.0-tools gtali iagno itstool libabiword-2.9 libaudit0 libcaribou-common libcaribou0 libcolamd2.7.1 libcolord-gtk1 libedataserverui-3.0-4 libevolution libgdict-1.0-6 libgdict-common libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libgjs0c libgoffice-0.8-8 libgoffice-0.8-8-common libgtkmathview0c2a libicc2 libimdi0 libiptcdata0 liblink-grammar4 libloudmouth1-0 libmail-spf-perl libmozjs185-1.0 libmutter0 libnetaddr-ip-perl libots0 libpst4 libtidy-0.99-0 libtracker-extract-0.14-0 libtracker-miner-0.14-0 libtracker-sparql-0.14-0 libwv-1.2-4 libytnef0 lightsoff link-grammar-dictionaries-en mutter mutter-common packagekit packagekit-backend-aptcc packagekit-tools plymouth-theme-ubuntu-gnome-logo plymouth-theme-ubuntu-gnome-text python-cloudfiles python-packagekit quadrapassel re2c simple-scan spamassassin spamc swell-foop tracker tracker-extract tracker-gui tracker-miner-fs tracker-utils ubuntu-gnome-default-settings ubuntu-gnome-desktop xsltproc yelp-tools

You can install the unity desktop with

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Note: If you're using the gnome display manager (gdm) you might want to replace it with Ubuntu's default one - lightdm. To do so enter sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm and select lightdm.

You can then remove gdm with sudo apt-get purge gdm.


How to re-install GIMP 2.6 after trying GIMP 2.8?

OK, I just tried this on 12.04 64-bit, had the same problem, here's how I fixed it:

Open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T
Type these, one after the other:

sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get remove gimp.* -y
sudo apt-get autoremove -y
sudo apt-get install gimp=2.6.12-1ubuntu1

If it gives you dependency errors at any point and asks you to run sudo apt-get -f install, do so and then resume from that point.


I also do not consider myself a great specialist and the only monitoring tool that seemed suitable for me was Anturis, that is super simple and is able to monitor the servers. It has an agent which penetrates and monitors every block or file and collects the data, warns about potential threats and offers troubleshooting. Have a look.


What is the fastest way in terminal to get a count of files when there is so many of them?

The simplest way is avoid the command line wild card expansion, then filter for the names you want from the (non-commandline) output:

ls -l JSON_files/ | fgrep .json | wc


Big Number Calculator (human readable format)

An initial solution only took a few minutes by taking this readily available Python Calculator GUI.

Add a little code
The full script is below but to summarize insert these lines near the top:
self.newtext=self.newtext.replace(' ','')
self.newtext=self.newtext.upper()
self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('K','000')
self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('M','000000')
self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('G','000000000')
self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('T','000000000000')
self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('P','000000000000000')
self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('E','000000000000000000')

Insert these lines near the bottom:
  Button(master,text="E",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('E')).grid(row=5, column=0)
  Button(master,text="P",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('P')).grid(row=5, column=1)
  Button(master,text="T",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('T')).grid(row=5, column=2)
  Button(master,text="G",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('G')).grid(row=5, column=3)
  Button(master,text="M",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('M')).grid(row=5, column=4)
  Button(master,text="K",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('K')).grid(row=5, column=5)

Insert these lines in the middle:
 def convert(self):
    #2**10 = 1024
    power = 1000
    size=self.value
    n = 0
    Dic_powerN = {0: '', 1: 'K', 2: 'M', 3: 'G', 4: 'T', 5: 'P', 6: 'E'}
    while size > power:
        size /=  power
        n += 1
    return size, Dic_powerN[n]

There are a few other cosmetic changes for larger font on HDPI monitor (1920x1080 pixels)
Sample Calculator Window

This is a pretty standard calculator layout.
Notice the bottom row of keys we added.
You can click the keys or simply type in T instead of clicking T button.
Also notice how we entered 20 t / 50 M to represent 20 Trillion divided by 50 Million.
The result will be displayed as 400 K

Full Python Script
#-*-coding: utf-8-*-
# NAME: calc.py
# CALL: python calc.py
# DATE: December 8, 2018
# DESC: Calculator in E-Exa, P-Peta, T-Tetra, G-Giga, M-Mega and K-Kilo
# NOTE: Requires Tkinter GUI libraries: sudo apt install python-tk

# Majority Credit to: https://www.techinfected.net/2016/02/make-gui-calculator-in-python-windows-linux.html
from Tkinter import *
import tkFont
import math

class calc:
 def getandreplace(self):
  """replace x with * and ÷ with /"""

  self.expression = self.e.get()
  self.newtext=self.expression.replace(self.newdiv,'/')
  self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('x','*')
  self.newtext=self.newtext.replace(' ','')
  self.newtext=self.newtext.upper()
  self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('K','000')
  self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('M','000000')
  self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('G','000000000')
  self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('T','000000000000')
  self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('P','000000000000000')
  self.newtext=self.newtext.replace('E','000000000000000000')

 def equals(self):
  """when the equal button is pressed"""

  self.getandreplace()
  try:
   self.value= eval(self.newtext) #evaluate the expression using the eval function
  except SyntaxError or NameErrror:
   self.e.delete(0,END)
   self.e.insert(0,'Invalid Input!')
  else:
   self.e.delete(0,END)
   self.value= self.convert()  # Give result in K, M, G, T, P or E
   self.e.insert(0,self.value)

 def convert(self):
    #2**10 = 1024
    power = 1000
    size=self.value
    n = 0
    Dic_powerN = {0: '', 1: 'K', 2: 'M', 3: 'G', 4: 'T', 5: 'P', 6: 'E'}
    while size > power:
        size /=  power
        n += 1
    return size, Dic_powerN[n]

 def squareroot(self):
  """squareroot method"""

  self.getandreplace()
  try:
   self.value= eval(self.newtext) #evaluate the expression using the eval function
  except SyntaxError or NameErrror:
   self.e.delete(0,END)
   self.e.insert(0,'Invalid Input!')
  else:
   self.sqrtval=math.sqrt(self.value)
   self.e.delete(0,END)
   self.e.insert(0,self.sqrtval)

 def square(self):
  """square method"""

  self.getandreplace()
  try:
   self.value= eval(self.newtext) #evaluate the expression using the eval function
  except SyntaxError or NameErrror:
   self.e.delete(0,END)
   self.e.insert(0,'Invalid Input!')
  else:
   self.sqval=math.pow(self.value,2)
   self.e.delete(0,END)
   self.e.insert(0,self.sqval)

 def clearall(self):
  """when clear button is pressed,clears the text input area"""
  self.e.delete(0,END)

 def clear1(self):
  self.txt=self.e.get()[:-1]
  self.e.delete(0,END)
  self.e.insert(0,self.txt)

 def action(self,argi):
  """pressed button's value is inserted into the end of the text area"""
  self.e.insert(END,argi)

 def __init__(self,master):
  """Constructor method"""
  master.title('Calculator')
  master.geometry()
  font = "Calibri 13"
  self.e = Entry(master, font = "Calibri 13")
#  self.e = Entry(master)
  self.e.grid(row=0,column=0,columnspan=6,pady=3)
  self.e.focus_set() #Sets focus on the input text area

  self.div='÷'
  self.newdiv=self.div.decode('utf-8')

  #Generating Buttons
#  Button(master,text="=",width=10,command=lambda:self.equals()).grid(row=4, column=4,columnspan=2)
  Button(master,text="=",width=8,command=lambda:self.equals()).grid(row=4, column=4,columnspan=2)
  Button(master,text='AC',width=3,command=lambda:self.clearall()).grid(row=1, column=4)
  Button(master,text='C',width=3,command=lambda:self.clear1()).grid(row=1, column=5)
  Button(master,text="+",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('+')).grid(row=4, column=3)
  Button(master,text="x",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('x')).grid(row=2, column=3)
  Button(master,text="-",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('-')).grid(row=3, column=3)
  Button(master,text="÷",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(self.newdiv)).grid(row=1, column=3)
  Button(master,text="%",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('%')).grid(row=4, column=2)
  Button(master,text="7",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('7')).grid(row=1, column=0)
  Button(master,text="8",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(8)).grid(row=1, column=1)
  Button(master,text="9",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(9)).grid(row=1, column=2)
  Button(master,text="4",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(4)).grid(row=2, column=0)
  Button(master,text="5",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(5)).grid(row=2, column=1)
  Button(master,text="6",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(6)).grid(row=2, column=2)
  Button(master,text="1",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(1)).grid(row=3, column=0)
  Button(master,text="2",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(2)).grid(row=3, column=1)
  Button(master,text="3",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(3)).grid(row=3, column=2)
  Button(master,text="0",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(0)).grid(row=4, column=0)
  Button(master,text=".",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('.')).grid(row=4, column=1)
  Button(master,text="(",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('(')).grid(row=2, column=4)
  Button(master,text=")",width=3,command=lambda:self.action(')')).grid(row=2, column=5)
  Button(master,text="√",width=3,command=lambda:self.squareroot()).grid(row=3, column=4)
  Button(master,text="x²",width=3,command=lambda:self.square()).grid(row=3, column=5)
  Button(master,text="E",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('E')).grid(row=5, column=0)
  Button(master,text="P",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('P')).grid(row=5, column=1)
  Button(master,text="T",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('T')).grid(row=5, column=2)
  Button(master,text="G",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('G')).grid(row=5, column=3)
  Button(master,text="M",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('M')).grid(row=5, column=4)
  Button(master,text="K",width=3,command=lambda:self.action('K')).grid(row=5, column=5)
#Main
root = Tk()
# Larger font for HDPI screen
default_font = tkFont.nametofont("TkDefaultFont")
default_font.configure(size=11)
obj=calc(root) #object instantiated
root.mainloop()

Many thanks to the author (on first link above) for contributing this code!
Install Tkinter
You need python-tk (Tkinter) installed to use Python GUI Calculator:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install python-tk


"I can run nvidia-smi and apt shows that I have libcuda"

# Where (in $PATH) is nvidia-smi?
type -p nvidia-smi

# what package is nvidia-smi in?
dpkg -S $(type -p nvidia-smi)

# What files were installed by that package, and where?
dpkg -L $(dpkg -S $(type -p nvidia-smi) | cut -d: -f1 )

# Where was nvidia-smi when updatedb was last run (maybe never)
locate nvidia-smi

A similar approach will tell you about libcuda. No sudo required thus far.

HOWEVER, you say "I am using a server that I don't have sudo powers on".

Your attempt to "do GPU computing" will FAIL without the co-operation of the system administrator.


13.10 Workspace switcher view is duplicated on multiple monitors

I found the answer to my question in CCSM. The following screenshot shows the related page. You can reach it under Expo settings. At the bottom of the image, the combo box named Multi Output Mode is what I needed. Changing it from One wall per output to One big wall did it.


TL-WN821N(v4) wont turn on (working on another installation)

The driver version changed you need to get the driver from here.

Then do:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential dkms

Clone this repository:

git clone https://github.com/pvaret/rtl8192cu-fixes.git

Set it up as a DKMS

sudo dkms add ./rtl8192cu-fixes

Build and install it:

sudo dkms install 8192cu/1.9

Refresh module list:

sudo depmod -a

Ensure the native kernel driver is blacklisted:

sudo cp ./rtl8192cu-fixes/blacklist-native-rtl8192.conf /etc/modprobe.d/

Directions are from here.


bash - ftp - 501 PORT address does not match originator

I recommend to make sure you are using passive mode for connecting and  transferring.


What is the difference between Apache mod_expires and mod_cache?

Don't the names tell it all? The official caching document points to ...

mod-cache

  mod_cache is an RFC 2616 compliant HTTP content cache that can be used to cache content.

So it is the module for setting up caching.

mod-expire

  is responsible for setting of the "Expires" HTTP header and "max-age" directive of Cache-Control HTTP header in server responses.

So it sets the maximum age and when caching expires.


Ubuntu server connection failed sometimes for different subnet client

Check if you have any software in Windows 10 that "protects" your network connections like anti-virus or anti-malware as they have been known to interfere with VMWare.

  But my connection failed after several minutes.

By default SSH will often close inactive connections unless you specify that they should be "keep alive"


Different text scaling factors for different displays?

There are workarounds: you can, for example, adjust dpi for the most dense screen, and use xrandr to downscale other screens (to keep it crisp). See my answer for a relative question:

Is it possible to have two different DPI configurations for two different screens?

PS: sorry, the topic is a duplicate, but I do not know how mark it as duplicate - so just give a link for existing one.


I get a weird message each time I open the shell

This is more likely a joke by someone with access to your home directory. You can check the dots files an look for the line:

grep watching ~/.*

This will tell you the file responsible then you can remove the line:

sed -i '/watching/d' ~/.*

Done.


How can I temporarily disable ASLR (Address space layout randomization)?

According to an article How Effective is ASLR on Linux Systems?, you can configure ASLR in Linux using the /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space interface.

  The following values are supported:

  0 – No randomization. Everything is static.
  1 – Conservative
  randomization. Shared libraries, stack, mmap(), VDSO and heap are
  randomized.
  2 – Full randomization. In addition to elements listed in
  the previous point, memory managed through brk() is also randomized.

So, to disable it, run

echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space

and to enable it again, run

echo 2 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space

This won't survive a reboot, so you'll have to configure this in sysctl. Add a file /etc/sysctl.d/01-disable-aslr.conf containing:

kernel.randomize_va_space = 0

should permanently disable this.


Error importing Pygame on Ubuntu 14.04 (ImportError: libSDL-1.2.so.0: undefined symbol: _XGetRequest)

It looks like I had two SDL-1.2 libraries installed: one in /usr/local/lib/ and one in /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/, the latter of which is the default path on Ubuntu, I believe. Removing all the SDL files at /usr/local/lib/ solved the problem.


Ubuntu 12.04 -- php-config5 points to 5.3 instead 5.4

Either you haven't upgraded php5-dev package - try searching for a package: dpkg -S $(which php-config5) and upgrade the package using ppa to match the php version.

The other most probable cause is some local forgotten installation of php5.3 - look in /usr/local


Openfire not starting on boot using systemd

I figured it out. I just had to add 'Type=forking' to the [Service] section of the unit file. The following unit file works as desired:

[Unit]
Description=OpenFire Start on Boot

[Service]
Type=forking
User=openfire
ExecStart=/bin/sh -c "/opt/openfire/bin/openfire start"

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target


use setpci to restart ubuntu server after power failure on macbook

I finally found the solution:

setpci -s 00:1f.0 0xa4.b=0

The poster in my linked question just forgot one 0.


Delete lines starting with pattern from a file

Ok, finally got it: use perl!

perl -i -p -e 's/> setEPS\(\)\n//g' filename

so, the final command:

perl -0777 -i -pe 's/\> setEPS\(\)\n\> postscript\([^\n]*\n\> \n//g' ${output}


I wanna run Ubuntu on a USB like Tails OS but without the TOR Network

You can boot a live Ubuntu system to RAM with the boot option toram, but if you want persistence, the partition for persistence cannot be in RAM. It will still be quite responsive (after a slow start).
I suggest that you use mkusb (mkusb-dus) in order to create a system, that can run either as a 'standard' persistent live system or 'to RAM'.
See also this link and links from it.


Wine and Counter Strike Global Offensive no steam

It seems that it works, but sometimes with some problems.

See CS:GO in Wine, fullscreen freezes when Alt-Tabing and overlaps everything, including dobey's comment:

  It's an issue with wine. Change the game settings to not be full screen and it will be fine.

Basically, you may have to run it in windowed mode.

Also see the Wine AppDB page for CS:GO, and particularly this page (as that's close to the version of the game you're likely attempting to run):

  What works

  The game

  What does not

  Steam overlay
  Lighting, objects shine through walls with multicore rendering enabled (default setting)

That page also mentions: "The Steam overlay MUST be disabled or the game will either not recognise any keyboard input or crash on pressing a key."


what happens when pressing Enter when "top" command is run

See the 4. Interactive Commands section of the top manual page (online or by typing man top) for a complete list of hotkeys.

Here are the ones extracted which you specifically asked about:

 <Enter> or <Space>  :Refresh-Display
      These  commands  awaken  top  and following receipt of any input the entire display
      will be repainted.  They also force an update of any  hotplugged  cpu  or  physical
      memory changes.

      Use either of these keys if you have a large delay interval and wish to see current
      status,

  ? | h  :Help
      There are two help levels available.  The first will provide a reminder of all  the
      basic interactive commands.  If top is secured, that screen will be abbreviated.

      Typing  `h'  or `?' on that help screen will take you to help for those interactive
      commands applicable to alternate-display mode.

  g  :Choose-Another-Window/Field-Group
      You  will be prompted to enter a number between 1 and 4 designating the field group
      which should be made the `current' window.  You will  soon  grow  comfortable  with
      these 4 windows, especially after experimenting with alternate-display mode.

  f | F  :Fields-Management
      These keys display a  separate  screen  where  you  can  change  which  fields  are
      displayed,  their  order  and  also  designate  the  sort  field.   For  additional
      information on these interactive commands see topic 3b. MANAGING Fields.


Where to buy Ubuntu Desktop certified computers?

For Refereeing Certified Hardware, visit: Ubuntu Certified hardware.

For Ubuntu Desktop certified hardware: Ubuntu Desktop certified hardware.
As you mentioned for Asus visit : Ubuntu Desktop certified hardware Asus.

Visit Partners page from which you can get information about partners and certified products and also pre-installed/pre-loaded Ubuntu OS.

  Canonical partners help to ensure that Ubuntu will always be
  compatible with the latest hardware and software. And they provide a
  range of services from implementation support to specialist tools.

ASUS and Ubuntu Partners.

  ASUS is a multinational computer manufacturer headquartered in Taipei,
  Taiwan. They have been working with Canonical to bring great
  performing notebooks, netbooks and all in one computers to consumers
  and enterprises.

But Remember from https://askubuntu.com/help/on-topic,

  This is not the right place for: Shopping and Hardware Recommendations.

Note: This answer doesn't recommend any hardware such as Asus but only Informative and supportive answer to the question


http://www.amazon.de/gp/product/B004Q81CKY this was the SSD I was talking about.

I hope this will be helpful who will use ssd with Ubuntu 11.10 or 12.04 LTE

http://www.ocztechnologyforum.com/forum/showthread.php?99275-NEW!-Bootable-Linux-based-tools-for-OCZ-SSD-s&p=714069&viewfull=1#post714069

We had to set AHCI in BIOS to be able to update firmware. The rest was same as usually.


Ubuntu USB does not continue after pressing "Install Ubuntu"

This class of failure mostly arises from corrupt boot media.

Please check the checksum on your ISO file before making the USB through Rufus. Each repository lists the MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-256 checksums.

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/VerifyIsoHowto for further instructions.


Component Recommendation for Building an "Ubuntu Computer" from scratch

Start at https://certification.ubuntu.com/
You will need to dig through various systems to find their components. The information is there, but it's not in the format you are asking for.
Many non-certified components work very will with Linux, too. And a few don't.


You can use nmap which is suggested in this question in superuser stackExchange site. It is basically pinging the computer and analyzing the response message.

How can I determine the OS of a remote computer?

Installing nmap with the command

sudo apt-get install nmap

and

using it with -O option for one of Google's public DNS address (8.8.4.4) gave me this response

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-11-05 13:29 BDT
Nmap scan report for google-public-dns-b.google.com (8.8.4.4)
Host is up (0.095s latency).
Not shown: 988 filtered ports
PORT     STATE  SERVICE
53/tcp   open   domain
113/tcp  closed ident
135/tcp  closed msrpc
445/tcp  closed microsoft-ds
593/tcp  closed http-rpc-epmap
1300/tcp closed h323hostcallsc
1718/tcp closed h323gatedisc
1719/tcp closed h323gatestat
1720/tcp closed H.323/Q.931
2000/tcp closed cisco-sccp
5004/tcp closed avt-profile-1
5061/tcp closed sip-tls
Device type: general purpose|firewall
Running (JUST GUESSING): Linux 2.6.X (87%), Cisco embedded (85%)
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6 cpe:/h:cisco:ips_4270
Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 2.6.11 - 2.6.18 (87%), Cisco IPS 4270 intrusion prevention system (85%)
No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).
Network Distance: 10 hops

OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 56.41 seconds

It seems Google DNS is using Linux with CISCO components embedded (as per the output), but it also says no exact OS matches. It is not 100% reliable. Though I think, you can have enough information from the above output.


AltGr not working on system but correct output in xev (18.04)

So I found a "solution". I just disconnected and reconnected the keyboard, and now it works just fine. However this has to be done everytime I log out (but it is not affected by standby). While not a perfect solution at least now I can use it.

Feels like a bug in X.org, which I will report.

I will not accept this answer in case anyone has some other opinion on what may be going on.