Allow SMB 1 with LANMAN authentication with Samba

In order for lanman auth = yes to work, you must also set ntlm auth = yes for newer versions of Samba. [Edit: Of course, regenerating the password with smbpasswd after setting this is also required as noted in your question.]
I had encountered the same issue on FreeBSD, and stumbled across this email list message in my search, and am now able to poke around in my ZFS network share with Microsoft Network Client 3.0 in MS-DOS 6.22:

Samba 4.7 changed 'lanman auth' to first honour 'ntlm auth', so you
must set that as well.
I'll prepare a documentation update.
I've also confirmed that lanman passwords are still generated in our
test environment.
Andrew Bartlett


Remove .compiz and .gconf/apps/compiz folder from your home directory. Press CTRL+H to see hidden files. logout and login again.
or
If you have CCSM, go to the preference window by clicking the button in the left-bottom. In the profile page, Click on the Reset to defaults. Logout and Login again.


Compile gcc 3.2 on Ubuntu 16.04 (under compiler gcc 5.4.0)

Easier : Get the old packages.deb → 1) gtk+1.2 → http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gtk+1.2/ ... 2) glib1.2 → http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/glib1.2/

Or use the patches : glib1.2_1.2.10-17build1.diff.gz, gtk+1.2_1.2.10-17build1.diff.gz from the links to compile with a later compiler. I just did with gcc-4.9.2 ( Took a minute each ). May also be possible with Ubuntu 16.04 . Available for 16.04 are : sudo apt install gcc-4.7 gcc-4.8 gcc-4.9

Howto build : ( But I would just install the two packages_amd64.deb )

cd glib-1.2.10/
zcat glib1.2_1.2.10-17build1.diff.gz | patch -p1
export CC=gcc-4.9 && ./configure --prefix=/usr
make && sudo make install

cd gtk+-1.2.10/
zcat gtk+1.2_1.2.10-17build1.diff.gz | patch -p1
export CC=gcc-4.9 && ./configure --prefix=/usr
make && sudo make install

Be aware that you may have to use an earlier version of gcc in Ubuntu 16.04  : sudo apt install gcc-4.7 . The export commands are then export CC=gcc-4.7


How do I fix "/usr/bin/python: No such file or directory" when entering an invalid command in bash?

Python3 is not a drop in replacement for python2. You need a python3 version of lss.

I would update lss if I was you. It is a stand-alone script and the source can be found on github. 1 is obvious:

print 'Usage:', __file__, '/path/to/dir'

"print" needs to use "(" and ")" when using python3. I would put the script in a file named lss3 or something like that and use python3 lss3 to find and fix errors.


HP 655 Notebook (Ubuntu 12.04) wireless internet disabled after running updates

Your device is supported by the kernel that came with your computer it was made to work from the manufacturer, so when you do an update to your system that includes a kernel update your wireless will stop working.

You can go into synaptic package manager and choose to lock the kernel so when you update you do not receive kernel updates or you can install 13.04 that supports your device by default.

You may have to install synaptic it does not come installed by default any more.

Also you can do:

sudo modprobe -v rt2800pci

see if that turns it on but I believe with the update it will not work any more.

If you wish to install synaptic package management do:

sudo apt-get install synaptic

then open synaptic>type the kernel version that you want to lock into the filter window at the top of synaptic>click on that kernel version>then click on package at the top of the window>then lock version.
Now when you update it should not break your wireless.

Edit: Added screenshots.


For the Steam error, I found this topic at the Steam Commmunity: http://steamcommunity.com/app/221410/discussions/0/828937546083456931/

Anyway, if you want to uninstall Steam next to sudo apt-get purge you must indicate the package name you want to remove, and the steam package name is steam-launcher, so to uninstall (in this case a "purge" uninstall) steam you have to run this:

  sudo apt-get purge steam-launcher

If you want to remove also the steam user-data directory, you have to remove these two folders: ~/.local/share/Steam and ~/.steam/
but DO NOT remove the SteamApps directory inside ~/.local/share/Steam or all your downloaded games will be  removed!


Multi Screen Wallpaper not using Zoom setting at login

You could add the following to crontab. Run this:

crontab -e

and edit it to have the line:

@reboot gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-options 'zoom'

or

@reboot ./scripttochangeit.sh


Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)[related to sublime-text]

I was able to resolve this issue with

sudo dpkg -i /var/cache/apt/archives/coreutils_8.25-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get -f install

Basically bypass apt and re-install coreutils directly then let apt figure out the rest.


Ubuntu 14.04, Wifi is disabled by Hardware Switch - Lenovo G50-80, Qualcomm Atheros QCA9565 / AR9565 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01)

There are two main possibilities:

First, your wifi could really be disabled by hardware switch. You may notice that there is a switch on your computer that has a signal station (meaning wifi) on it. If that is the problem, then you may have to turn it on. But you said that it works fine on Win 8, then it may not be this one.

Second, the system (Ubuntu) may not recognize the wifi card status, or the card may not be supported. A recommended way to solve this is to search drivers of your wifi card on Ubuntu.


Problem installing japanese language support on Xubuntu 14.04.3 LTS

It should not cause any problems (besides possibly a few more untranslated strings).

I suspect that there is something wrong with the mirror server you are downloading packages from. You may want to open a terminal window, run the software-properties-gtk command, and switch to some other download server.


Wireless Broadcom BCM43228 on an Acer Aspire v5-571p does not work

Did you check if your WI-FI is hard blocked in BIOS? As it sounds like since access is denied.

On first boot screen enter BIOS

When in BIOS search for wireless and enable it if needed (Configuration -> wireless -> enabled)

Reboot

Hope it solves your problem.


Ok after some research I decided to do the following:

rm /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/setuptools-20.7.0-py2.7.egg
sudo apt-get purge python-pip
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
python get-pip.py

Now pip works with no issues.


Hibernation with systemd no longer working after enlarging swapfile

You probably changed the physical location of the swapfile on disk when you enlarged it. In fact, you probably made a new file altogether, and not simply added to the end

During boot it needs that exact location to stream the suspend image to memory.

Find the location of the swapfile with swap-offset which is in the uswsusp package. Then

$ sudo swap-offset /swapfile

Use the number in the output of the above command and fill it in /etc/default/grub after the 'resume=' key in the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= variable.

Afterwards,make grub aware of the change by doing:

$ sudo update-grub


Find what package supplied a tool / application in Ubuntu 11.10

If you have apt-file installed and configured, you can do:

apt-file find <filename>

This is also handy when you're looking for a command that you don't have installed yet, e.g. if you're working from instructions seen on the web that use a command you don't have.

If you only want to query packages that are installed, you can use:

dpkg -S <pattern>

E.g. for a file that is installed:

% apt-file find /usr/bin/oodraw
openoffice.org-draw: /usr/bin/oodraw
% dpkg -S oodraw
openoffice.org-draw: /usr/share/man/man1/oodraw.1.gz
openoffice.org-draw: /usr/bin/oodraw

and for a file that is not installed:

% dpkg -S /usr/bin/python3.1
dpkg: /usr/bin/python3.1 not found.
% apt-file find /usr/bin/python3.1
python3.1-dbg: /usr/bin/python3.1-dbg
python3.1-dbg: /usr/bin/python3.1-dbg-config
python3.1-dbg: /usr/lib/debug/usr/bin/python3.1
python3.1-dbg: /usr/lib/debug/usr/bin/python3.1-dbg-gdb.py
python3.1-dbg: /usr/lib/debug/usr/bin/python3.1-gdb.py
python3.1-dev: /usr/bin/python3.1-config
python3.1-minimal: /usr/bin/python3.1


The solution is very simple in Ubuntu.  If you can burn the iso to a CD/DVD then you will be able to install that way immediately.  Or you have the option to "Try Ubuntu without installing" from the CD/DVD and easily create a Ubuntu Live bootable USB flash drive to install from.

To install the CD/DVD you can follow these instructions:
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-desktop-latest

To install the USB drive:
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu
or something a little fancier:
Live USB on a 2-partition usb-drive

As for your issues installing, the tutorial is very clear.  I would recommend clearing the USB flash drive by deleting all files from or reformatting first, to give it a fresh do-over.  To better assist with that particular problem, a more descriptive description would help.  For instance: how did you boot up to the laptop before the error was displayed?


I unfortunately do not have good news. You put the live image of Ubuntu Gnome on your USB key. If you just wanted to use it from the USB your best option would have been to 'Try out Ubuntu Gnome'. However by choosing to Format and install, you did not format your USB key but your entire computer. As the warning indicated, that means you wiped out everything off of your computer completely.

For your questions:
1) Open up the Files program to see everything on your computer (looks like a little filing cabinet).

2) No, you have wiped your hard-drive and put the Ubuntu Gnome operating system on it instead.

3) No need to try the portable version at this point, it's installed completely on your computer, might as well enjoy it :)

4) One option that may be available is to re-install your Windows 7 and then use a live image on a USB key or to create a 'dual boot' system in which you are given a choice of Windows or Ubuntu at start-up. However this will not restore your old windows 7 installation and will not restore any files or data you had previously.


DHCPv6 assigned 64 prefix instead of 112 prefix

The range is still incorrect.  Look at the second to last segment of the IP address.  In the /112 you have 640a, but in your range you have 6464.  Make the following changes.

subnet6 2001:db8:a0b::640a:0/112 {
      range6 2001:db8:a0b::640a:640a 2001:db8:a0b::640a:640d;
      default-lease-time 600;
      max-lease-time 7200;
}

From https://subnettingpractice.com/ipv6_subnetting.html

Compressed Address: 2001:db8:a0b::640a:0/112
Expanded Address:   2001:0db8:0a0b:0000:0000:0000:640a:0000/112
Prefix: ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000
Range:  2001:db8:a0b:0:0:0:640a:0
2001:db8:a0b:0:0:0:640a:ffff
Number of /64s: 3.552713678800501e-15


Ubuntu Unity running slow after update, not opening certain programs

Alrighty, since I didn't get any sort of answers to this question I decided to give this some sort of sense of conclusion by writing up what I did. Hopefully, it may be helpful to someone else later on.

So what I figured out was that one of the PPAs has broken my graphics drivers and thus Unity couldn't function. Basically, I have carelessly enabled too many PPAs and thus couldn't figure out what was the culprit. I spent a lot of time uninstalling and then installing Xserver, lightdm, various desktop environments and everything else I figured could be related to the problem so it was pretty clear that there was an underlying problem with the graphics driver. Funnily enough, Openbox did work but I guess it's because it's such a minimalistic DE.

In the end I opted to reinstall Ubuntu whilst keeping my /home folder intact. This was a pretty easy solution and I wish I had done this after the first 1-2 hours of digging inside Ubuntu since it's relatively effortless. For people that wish to go the same route, make sure you use the same username and password for your new account as you did with your old one and mount your old home partition as /home without formatting it.


Problem when Installing Canon Pixma IP2770 Driver

Try with following commands ;

sudo apt-get remove libpopt0 libatk1.0-0 libcairo2 libgtk2.0-0 libpango1.0-0 libpopt0 libtiff4

sudo apt-get --install-suggests --install-recommends install cnijfilter-ip2700series


Can someone determine my previous sudo password was if they have access to my machine and my new one?

No, the password is only stored in /etc/shadow and, even there, it is stored salted hash. This means that even if they have the original password hash, it is very very hard to get the actual password from it. You would have to brute force it and, if it is even possible, it would take a long time and far more resources than anyone would be willing to expend just to get some random panda's password.

In any case, when you change your password, the entry in /etc/shadow is changed and no trace of the original password remains.

You should, perhaps, check through your shell's history and make sure you never entered the password in plain text there:

 history | grep yourPassword

You could also, for your peace of mind, run a full search on all files on the virtual drive:

 find / -type f -exec grep -l "yourPassword" {} +

Mind the space in front of the commands. That makes it so that the commands are NOT added to history.


Reboot needed to be able to connect to public WiFi portals

Your problem looks like somebody has modified the symlink for /etc/resolv.conf, and then manually edited this file. Lets recreate the original symlink. And DON'T edit /etc/resolv.conf!

cd /etc # change directory

sudo mv resolv.conf resolv.conf.HOLD # rename the file

sudo ln -s /run/resolvconf/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf # recreate symlink


cat is the wrong tool for the job.  cat is for reading files.  You want echo $ENTRY > file.


sed from terminal when replacing double quotes with single quotes

If you want to change any occurrence of \" with \', you can do this:

$ echo "A url: \\\"http:..." | sed -r "s/\\\"/\\'/g"
A url: \'http:...

Just use " for the outer quotes in your sed and you can then use ' in the replacement. You don't want "+ unless you might have more than one consecutive " and you want to replace all of them. If you do, use sed -r "s/\\\"+/\\'/g".


How to fetch a specific package updates?

You just have to do

sudo apt-get install texlive-bibtex-extra

as this package contains the needed biblatex-ieee.* files.

Also from https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/bionic/+package/texlive-bibtex-extra :

  This package includes the following CTAN packages:
  ...
  biblatex-ieee
  ...


You can't use u1sdtool for this, but you can use SyncDaemonTool, which lets you talk to Ubuntu One's syncdaemon directly, to do what you want via a short Python script:

from twisted.internet import glib2reactor
glib2reactor.install()
from dbus.mainloop.glib import DBusGMainLoop
DBusGMainLoop(set_as_default=True)
from twisted.internet import reactor, defer
from ubuntuone.platform.tools import SyncDaemonTool

@defer.inlineCallbacks
def print_public_files():
    print "calling"
    sd = SyncDaemonTool()
    pf = yield sd.get_public_files()
    for f in pf:
        print "%(path)s -> %(public_url)s" % f
    reactor.stop()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    reactor.callWhenRunning(print_public_files)
    reactor.run()

You'll find documentation on everything that SyncDaemonTool can do on the Ubuntu One developer site.


Open the Ubuntu software centre

Search for PlayOnLinux and install it

Installing it will also install Wine (a compatibility layer capable of running Windows applications) and everything else needed to play your game

Once installed open PlayOnLinux to install your game

A user manual for PlayOnLinux can be found at http://www.playonlinux.com/en/manual.html

Tera Online should be in the games list and easily installed


Bash script: switch between two terminals to execute commands

I would recommend byobu. I hope the following code server your purpose:

#!/bin/bash
# Check if there is already a session named 'remote'
if [ -z "$(byobu list-sessions | grep remote)" ]
    # If not, start a new session
    then
    byobu new-window -n remote ssh user@remote;
    byobu send-keys -t remote 'conda activate <env>' 'C-m'
    byobu send-keys -t remote 'tensorboard --logdir=<log/directory> --port $2' 'C-m'
    byobu new-window -n local;
    byobu send-keys -t local 'ssh -N -f -L localhost:$1:localhost:$2 <name>@ip' 'C-m'
fi
# Attach session
byobu attach-session -t remote

In the code above, I am not sure what are $1 and $2! I would recommend creating a small function accessible (either in .bashrc or an executable in $HOME/bin), which would accept these parameters...

Hope this helps!

-- Mike


Ubuntu doesn't fit my laptop built-in screen

If this has not been resolved in 18.04 LTS (and I suggest trying that first), another solution would be the use of Windows drivers through ndiswrapper, as documented at the official Ubuntu help page for ndiswrapper.

sudo apt-get install ndisgtk allows you to install the GUI for ndiswrapper.


This older post suggests that it is: https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-hardware-18/recommendations-for-a-10gb-network-card-4175471913/

The following dual SFP+ adapters all work in Linux:
Broadcom 57810S (bnx2x driver)
Myricom 10G-PCIE2-8B2-2S (myri10ge driver)
Intel 82599, X520-DA2/82599EB, X540-T2 (ixgbe/ixgbevf driver)

The referenced driver exists in Ubuntu 17.10 which you can verify with:

modinfo myri10ge

The required firmware exists in /lib/firmware:

/lib/firmware/myri10ge_eth_big_z8e.dat
/lib/firmware/myri10ge_eth_z8e.dat
/lib/firmware/myri10ge_ethp_big_z8e.dat
/lib/firmware/myri10ge_ethp_z8e.dat
/lib/firmware/myri10ge_rss_eth_big_z8e.dat
/lib/firmware/myri10ge_rss_eth_z8e.dat
/lib/firmware/myri10ge_rss_ethp_big_z8e.dat
/lib/firmware/myri10ge_rss_ethp_z8e.dat


SWF files are most frequently played from a web browser that supports the Adobe Flash Player plug-in.
With this installed, a web browser like Firefox is capable of opening SWF files automatically.
If you have a local SWF file on your computer, simply drag and drop it into a browser window to play it.


Just try the below

pip install --proxy=user:pass@server:port <package Name>

for example

pip install --proxy=http://10.10.10.150/accelerated_pac_base.pac quandl


Extremely Slow And/or Unreliable Wifi on a 2009 Macbook Pro With BCM4322

There is some controversy about the best driver for this device. Let's try the first of two methods. Temporarily hook up the ethernet and do:

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Reboot and let us hear from you.


Simple dumb image viewer, with CLI access

Feh is a fast, lightweight image viewer. You can install feh from the default Ubuntu repositories.

It is commandline-driven and supports multiple images through slideshows, thumbnail browsing or multiple windows, and montages or index prints (using TrueType fonts to display file info). Advanced features include fast dynamic zooming, progressive  loading, loading via HTTP (with reload support for watching webcams), recursive file opening (slideshow of a directory hierarchy), and mouse wheel/keyboard control.


How do you boot automatically from Grub?

Booting from my installer USB stick, I created a boot parition using gParted, following these instructions:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootPartition

I made sure that the boot partition was at the front of the disk.

But Boot Repair detected an EFI and recommended I separate the boot/efi partition from the /boot.

So, using gParted, I created an EFI partition.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI#Creating_an_UEFI_partition
Scroll down to "Creating an EFI System Partition"

Once I did that, I was able to select the EFI partition in Boot Repair. I followed the prompts until it was time to reboot.

When I got to my UEFI boot selector, I had 2 instances of "ubuntu" and 1 instance of the actual hard drive name. Selecting either of the "ubuntu" took me to Grub. But, when I selected the hard drive name, it booted the OS directly.

FYI--I only have Ubuntu on this drive. This is not a dual boot. I have Windows installed on an entirely separate drive.

Can I get rid of one of the instances of "Ubuntu" in the UEFI boot selector? If so, how and which one?

I don't know exactly how these changed fixed my issue, but they did. Thank you all for your help!


How to reinstall wifi adapter/driver with no internet connection?

Is there anything preventing you from using an ethernet cable?

Also, you could possibly use Live USB and mount the ubuntu install.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCdRecovery


Is there any alternative to Magic Folder for ubuntu?

Using a shell script could accomplish this easily, all you do is move the following script in the folder you want to be organized:
find <path to folder> -name "*.file_extension" -exec mv {} <target directory> \;

and then put that in your startup applications. I have this and a similar script that removes all files with a certain extension, and cleans up my downloads folder.


ubuntu cannot install cuda and nvidia driver

How to know if my laptop is TensorFlow-with-GPU eligible?

Your laptop must have a NVIDIA CUDA compatible graphic card. GeForce GT 730M is OK.

You could visit NVIDIA website if you want to check by yourself.

NVIDIA proprietary drivers installation

Modern laptop with NVIDIA graphic cards are often provided with Optimus Technology. What is Optimus Technology? It means that your laptop has actually 2 graphic chips: The first one is located on the mother board, close to the CPU. We will call it “Intel chip”. The second one is on your NVIDIA card. By default, on Ubuntu 16.04, the NVIDIA card is not used. You have to install specific driver to use it.

We could choose between two types of drivers: free drivers and proprietary drivers. I did not manage to work with free drivers, so we will use proprietary drivers.

To install them, it is quite simple:

Go to your System Setting
Go to Software & Updates
Click on the tab Additional Drivers
Wait a little bit

On my laptop, I have that:
nvidia driver

We could see that the NVIDIA binary driver is not used. To fix it:

Click on Using NVIDIA binary driver, and on Apply Changes, then enter your password.
Wait a little bit
Click on Restart…

You could now use your NVIDIA video card.

One important thing: On Windows, the Optimus System switches automatically from the Intel graphic chip to the NVIDIA graphic chip when needed. The Intel graphic chip offers low performances, but also low consumption. The NVIDIA one offers high performances but also high consumption.

On Ubuntu, you have to switch from one chip to the other by yourself, using a the tool called PRIME.

In order to do that:

Open the software NVIDIA XServer Settings
Go to PRIME Profile
Choose NVIDIA (Performance Mode) or Intel (Power Saving Mode)
Enter your password then log out and log in. (Note you don’t need to reboot!)

Note: There is a system, called Bumblebee, which support properly NVIDIA Optimus technology by switching automatically between the Intel and the NVIDIA chip without manual configuration, as on Windows. We won’t talk about it in this answer.

Now, let’s check that we could use our NVIDIA GPU.

NVIDIA GPU test

To be sure that we are using the NVIDIA GPU, we will use the tool glxgear.

In a terminal, enter:

$ glxgear

You should see rotating gears.

Open the software NVIDIA XServer Settings
Click on the line GPU , – , where  and  depends on your system
(On mine, it is GPU 0 – (GeForce 940MX)).
Check the line GPU Utilization. It should be close to 100%. If you close glxgear, the GPU Utilization should significantly decrease.

cuDNN installation

Go to NVIDIA cuDNN website, and click on the Download button. You may need to register (it’s free).

Download the last cuDNN Library for Linux, and extract the downloaded archive.

Copy the content of the include directory in /usr/local/cuda/include.
Copy the content of the lib64 directory in /usr/local/cuda/lib64.

And add at the end of your .bashrc file (in your Home folder) the following lines:

export LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:$LIBRARY_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH


What is a quick way to connect two or more pdfs together using the command-line?

I used pdftk for that:

sudo apt-get install pdftk

then:

pdftk small1.pdf small2.pdf small3.pdf cat output large.pdf


To get to custom cookie options in Ubuntu's included Firefox, you have to enable custom history settings:

Click the menu button.
Select preferences.
Choose privacy on the menu to the left.
Under history you will see: Firefox will: Remember History. Change the Remember History option to Use Custom Settings for History.
Now a new option appears: Accept cookies from sites. Change the options under this to whatever you like. When your done, just close the tab.

If you need any other help with this, let me know, as I am happy to help.


Just make an alias for the respective command in ~/.bashrc.

alias data='cd /home/User/some_folder/another_folder/data/'

And run source ~/.bashrc. After that you can just type data in terminal and it will take you there


You probably need to install the theme ENGINES for these to work. for example, you may need
gtk3-engines-oxygen
gtk3-engines-unico
gtk3-engines-xfce
Depending on the type of icons, you will also need something like a file named index.theme
which makes available themes, icons, etc. available to the engine.
By simply adding folders manually, the engine (if it exists for those icons) can't use them.
If you install an icon set using, say, synaptic, it will tell you what dependencies you'll need.
Or, if you have .deb files to install, Gdebi is another tool often used which will check dependencies.
Yet another way to make sure desktop icons use a particular icon is to set the icon from the properties of the icon itself, and select a particular icon from a local folder. (Some executable icons won't allow this, however.)


Software Center (on-persistent USB installation) asks for Ubuntu One login to install Chromium

Persistent live system in a USB pendrive

You can create persistent live Ubuntu pendrives with mkusb. See these links

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/persistent

Install mkusb via PPA,

sudo add-apt-repository universe  # only for standard Ubuntu

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mkusb/ppa  # and press Enter
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mkusb mkusb-nox usb-pack-efi

I would say that you need at least 4 GB USB pendrives. But to make the persistent live drives work well, you should have fast USB 3 pendrives, and you find no such drives below 16 GB. See this link

help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick#Notes_about_speed

See also the mkUSB quick start manual

Installed system in a USB pendrive

You can install Ubuntu into a USB pendrive [almost] in the same way as you would install it into an internal drive.

Advantages:
You can

install hardware drivers and programs,
update and upgrade the system without any limits.
An installed system is more stable, less sensitive to corruption.
You can create an OEM system, to let the end users (students) configure the drives individually, which can be good if they share a local area network.

Disadvantages:

Generally, an installed system in a USB pendrive is portable between computers, but not as portable as a [persistent] live system
If you install a proprietary driver (for example a graphics driver or wifi driver), the portability between different computers will be reduced.
The system is more sensitive to the read and write speed of the USB pendrive, it is more important to have a fast USB 3 pendrive.

You find detailed instructions at the following link,

Boot Ubuntu from external drive.


How do I mount from fstab without interruption if the drive isn't available?

Add the nofail-option to your fstab-line. Example:

/dev/disk/by-label/archiv  /media/archiv  ext4   rw,noexec,nofail   0   0


For your mysql databases take a look at this:

https://www.percona.com/software/mysql-database/percona-xtradb-cluster

Percona XtraDB Cluster with Galera on Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS 3 nodes

Percona XtraDB Cluster is a high availability and high scalability solution for MySQL users. XtraDB Cluster integrates Percona Server with the Galera library of high availability solutions in a single product package. XtraDB Cluster enables users to save money through:

Less downtime and higher availability

Reduced investment in high availability architectures

Lower DBA training and education costs

No investment in third-party, high availability solutions

For HA (High Availability) solutions see

Heartbeat

Pacemaker

Corosync

DRBD


Instead of making a PDF directly from JPG using imagemagick, I would use Libreoffice  to tile the images onto the sheet size needed, then print directly or export as a PDF - this allows you to easily customize the layout, size, etc (to change the the page size go to Format > Page):

If you want to use imagemagick and print multiple labels per sheet, it would be possible montage option to convert to a tiled image (the easiest way to repeat images is to make multiple copies within the folder):

convert *.jpg -tile 2x3 out.jpg

(to add spacing between each image you can use the geometry option:)

convert in*.jpg -tile 2x3 -geometry +2+2 out.jpg

Then you can convert that image to a PDF (if you want a margin of sorts you can try adding a border to the image by adding the options -border 4x4 -bordercolor "#FFFFFF"). Here I have specified the page size as A4:

convert out.jpg -page A4 -format pdf out.pdf

With both these options you may want to check if the DPI (dots per inch - how not pixelated it is when printed I supposed) is high enough for what you need to do.


your installation failed, i strongly suspect, because
you didn't create a proper boot on the drive.

Try installing it again but this time you
will want to create your partitions manually.
First create a /boot and give it 250mb
then create your root  /root and give it 12gb -15gb
then create your swap  /swap and give it 2048mb
then create your home  /home and give it the rest of the drive.
I have found this setup works beautifully and is
extremely stable


You can load the driver with:

sudo modprobe iwlwifi

The driver iwlwifi and, indeed, the required firmware are included by default in all recent Ubuntu versions. If it is not loaded, something else is wrong.

Is yours really an iwlwifi device? Check:

lspci -nnk | grep 0280 -A3

Is the switch or key combination set to enable or disable the wireless? Check:

rfkill list all

Are there any clues in the log?

dmesg | grep iwl

After we find out more, I will edit this question to add additional troubleshooting steps.


There will be no issues with removing the HTML file.

Of course, if you visit the website nothing will be there - but you can make a new HTML file.

Rather than removing it, why not modify it? Use the following command:

sudo nano /var/www/html/index.html

and then you can change the contents.

To copy a file from one computer to another via PuTTY use this command:

pscp index.html user@remote-machine:/var/www/html/index.html


How do I remove a malformed line from my sources.list?

Some lines are broken in your sources.list file (or another *.list file in sources.list.d/).

Edit the file mentioned in the error to fix the broken lines.

To do this, run this command (press Ctrl+Alt+T to open a Terminal):

sudo -H gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Or, instead of Gedit (which not all Ubuntu systems have), you might prefer to open the file an a terminal-based text editor:

sudoedit /etc/apt/sources.list

If necessary, replace /etc/apt/sources.list with another file name, i.e., the path to some file inside /etc/apt/sources.list.d/.
Find the lines which are incorrectly formatted (refer to the error for a line number, then look around that point). These are examples of correctly formatted lines:

# Comment, marked by a line starting with '#'
deb http://site.example.com/debian distribution component1 component2 component3
deb-src http://site.example.com/debian distribution component1 component2 component3

The URL, distribution and components will be different. It does not necessarily have to have 3 components.

Anything which doesn't fit this format is incorrect.
Save the file and quit the text editor. Then run this command in a Terminal window:

sudo apt-get update

Assuming there are no errors, the problem is now fixed. You should be able to run the Sofware Center.

However, while some problems with the Software Center can be solved by reinstalling the software-center package, most cannot, so it's possible your original problem will remain. If that is the case, you can post a new question to get help with it.


What will happen to the programs(purchased games, Word, etc.) I already have on my computer if I change from Windows to Kubuntu?

If you are installing Kubuntu side-by-side Windows 7 than all Windows programs would be just fine (as it is).

If you are installing Kubuntu on-top-of Windows 7 than you will be left with a fresh Kubuntu System. But I m sure you will still have license for those programs, but many of those programs will not be available inherently on Linux so you will need to use wine to emulate them in Linux enviornment.


What are the software bits involved in display settings change I plug a new display

My problem has been fixed by an update of xserver-xorg-video-intel (see https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-video-intel/+bug/1505695).

So it seems hotplug management of displays goes that way:

X server driver detects a new monitor. See man intel for example, which says

Option "HotPlug" "boolean"

  This option controls whether the driver  automatically  notifies
  applications when monitors are connected or disconnected.

  default: enabled

this information goes through randr to inform applications of the event
applications listening to randr can then take action: specifically, gnome-settings-daemon(*) listens to these events, and will change the settings accordingly, using the informations saved in ~/.config/monitors.xml

(*) see gsd-xrandr-manager.c


How to configure touchpad tap sensitivity?

Use the libinput measure touchpad-pressure tool provided by libinput. This tool will search for your touchpad device and print some pressure statistics, including whether a touch is/was considered logically down.

sudo libinput measure touchpad-pressure

By default, this tool uses the udev hwdb entries for the pressure range. To narrow down on the best values for your device, specify the 'logically down' and 'logically up' pressure thresholds with the `--touch-thresholds argument:

sudo libinput measure touchpad-pressure --touch-thresholds=10:8 --palm-threshold=20

Interact with the touchpad and check if the output of this tool matches your expectations.

Once the thresholds are decided on (e.g. 10 and 8), they can be enabled with the following hwdb file:

cat /etc/udev/hwdb.d/99-touchpad-pressure.hwdb
libinput:name:*SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad:dmi:*svnHewlett-Packard:*pnHPCompaq6910p*
LIBINPUT_ATTR_PRESSURE_RANGE=10:8

The first line is the match line and should be adjusted for the device name (see evemu-record's output) and for the local system, based on the information in /sys/class/dmi/id/modalias. The modalias should be shortened to the specific system's information, usually system vendor (svn) and product name (pn).

Once in place, you need to run the following to commands, adjusted for your device's event node:

sudo udevadm hwdb --update
sudo udevadm test /sys/class/input/eventX

If the pressure range property shows up correctly, restart X or the Wayland compositor and libinput should now use the correct pressure thresholds. The Helper tools can be used to verify the correct functionality first without the need for a restart.

Once the pressure ranges are deemed correct, report a bug to get the pressure ranges into the repository.

Note: Not a single word typed by me, this is all a quote.

Source: https://wayland.freedesktop.org/libinput/doc/latest/touchpad_pressure.html#touchpad_pressure_hwdb


Is there a tool for web based system administration?

eBox (now zentyal)

sudo apt-get install zentyal

https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/C/ebox.html

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/eBox

Note that Webmin is not supported as it's not compatible with Ubuntu package management:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WebMin


dualboot installation ubuntu with window 10

Try Disabling UEFI Secure Boot andd changing the boot order. If this dosen't help, then your best bet is to get a copy of VMware Workstation(for Windows), An Ubuntu ISO File and create a virtual machine,give the VM most of your system storage and specification and use the VM like it is your real machine. I know it's probably not the best solution, but it's not like you're pushing yourself to force Ubuntu on to your computer


From the Gimp version shown in the splash screen I assume you use the gimp-edge ppa, which is probably not the one you want.
In the description it states:

Attention!
This is a PPA only for development purposes!!!

Better to use the "normal" ppa.

Try this to fix,
# Install ppa-purge
sudo apt install ppa-purge
# Remove the *wrong* ppa
sudo ppa-purge ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp-edge
# Remove the OS gimp package if it was installed
sudo apt remove gimp

# Add the *right* ppa
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp

# Update sources and install gimp
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gimp


Problem to compile python and C++ code using ubuntu Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS: problem with gcc

You can upgrade your compiler, or just modify the setup.py file.

Find the following line:

extra_compile_args=['-std=c++11'])],

And change the flag into -std=c++0x, which makes it:

extra_compile_args=['-std=c++0x'])],

And run it again, it should work with this. (Tested with the mimclib source code on github)


Which driver do I need to install HL-2250DN?

Try the first one from the list (Driver Install Tool).
There's a step-by-step guide available on the download page.


Why does booting fail when /etc/network/interfaces file is misconfigured

You need these two lines in your /etc/network/interfaces file always:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

There are system critical programs that need this local network information to operate.

See the answer here that explains a bit more about it.


Which processes with daemon are unnecessary?

This is a long list. I'll tell you this daemons functions, if they are necessary or not is probably a personal decision.

gnome-settings-daemon: Manages themes and icons, if you kill it you aps while look funny using stock icons instead of the system ones. Fun to kill as it will only have cosmetical effects, but you will need to keep it in the long run.
gnome-keyring-daemon: It stores passwords securely. If you kill it you will need to type passwords every time that they are needed (i.e. when connecting to a wifi network)
dbus-daemon: This is used by lots of programs to talk with each other. You will need it.
ibus-daemon: This is related to complex keyboard input. You only need it to support keyboards with non-occidental input systems, accessibility options, etc...
zeitgeist-daemon: This daemons keeps different usage data, things like: recent used documents, most popular programs, etc...

If using Unity (default before 17.10):

bamfdaemon: Matches windows with icons in the unity bar. It keeps a list that tells unity wich windows are associated with which icons. If you kill it, Unity will probably respawn it or start acting funny.
ubuntu-syncdaemon: Ubuntu One sync. Needed if you are using Ubuntu One.
unity_facebook_daemon.py, unity-files-daemon, unity_flickr_daemon.py, unity-music-daemon, unity_picasa_daemon.py, unity_shotwell_daemon.py, unity-video-lens-daemon: These are Unity lenses, they return results when you search in the dash. Enable or disable them to customize your results. You can enable or disable them from the control center (prior 13.10) or from the dash itself (13.10)

Hope that helps.


Kernel panic when I try to install Ubuntu on my PC

I was wondering if you had taken out the computer battery and reset the cmos. Worked for me when I couldn't install today.


This problem was almost auto-solved.

The problem began when a WineHQ (Windows) apps chrashes.

I think/guess/assume that some temporary hidden files used by that app, filled the partition.

I ran that app again and... "magically" the partition goes back to the original state (more than 70% empty).

The only one question still is in my mind is:

Is there a way to avoid this? ???


Ubuntu making an interface as default network interface

Read man ip-route, and do:

# show current routes
ip route | tee routes.saved

# delete old default route (YMMV, check output above)
sudo ip route del default dev eth0
# add the new default route
ROUTER_IP="the IP address of your router"
sudo ip route add default dev wlan2 via $ROUTER_IP

# show new routes
ip route | tee routes.new

As you have probably noticed, if you do not have a default route defined (and pointing to a co-operative next-hop), almost all TCP/IP packets go nowhere.


Not that I am aware of. Amazon EC2 does not offer browser based console access. They have a Java client, but I guess it is using port 22 too.

You will have either to get the port 22 open for outgoing connection or find workaround a relay and/or reverse SSH tunnels or use tools like Corkscrew punching holes through http proxies. In the latter case, you have to understand that it may breach corporate policies or reason behind the port 22 is closed in first place.


Problem with locale and language, I Type using Persian layout, but the (system) inserts English characters!

Hmm.. Yes I could reproduce it.

Then I downgraded these packages to the bionic versions:

xserver-common
xserver-xephyr
xserver-xorg-core
xserver-xorg-legacy
xwayland

When doing so, a few packages were removed. I don't remember which ones exactly, but I think it was some xserver-xorg-video-* packages.

Anyway, after that (and rebooting) it started to work.

Then I have upgraded to the cosmic versions again, and installed the xserver-xorg-video-all package, and it's still working.

So this seems to be some kind of subtle bug.


Installing development libraries on 14.04

I don't think that you need libfltk-dev. Because dev packages contain headers, and headers are the same for all architectures (this is probably a reason why they conflict).

To make the linker happy, something like libfltk1.3:i386 or libfltk1.1:i386 is needed. Packages of this kind contain shared libraries.


Open Source command line tool for optimizing PDF

I'll quote zweifel's comment on http://www.ubuntugeek.com/ubuntu-tiphowto-reduce-adobe-acrobat-file-size-from-command-line.html:

  dPDFSETTINGS=/screen (screen-view-only quality, 72 dpi images)
  dPDFSETTINGS=/ebook (low quality, 150 dpi images)
  dPDFSETTINGS=/printer (high quality, 300 dpi images)
  dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress (high quality, color preserving, 300 dpi
  imgs)
  dPDFSETTINGS=/default (almost identical to /screen)

  More options and fine tunning on the site:
  http://milan.kupcevic.net/ghostscript-ps-pdf/

Thus you should use either the option dPDFSETTINGS=/printer or the option dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress to get 300 dpi.


You're right, a G5 cannot run ppc64le binaries.
You can absolutely run more recent ppc64 big-endian binaries, but Ubuntu won't supply them to you. You'd need to look for another, more specialised distro. These days if I need to build something for ppc64 big-endian I would probably use buildroot, but you might want something more user-friendly like Adélie Linux. There's also a kinda-sorta supported Debian ppc64 big-endian project.
Just be aware that support for ppc64 is going away or has gone away for some projects, like Go or OpenMPI.


Problems with keyboard layout change. Local issue or bug?

It ended up being a known bug, with the following work around:

"To install:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:attente/modifier-only-input-switch
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

If the new packages improve the situation for you, you can use apt-mark to hold these packages at these versions.

If the new packages cause a regression for you, use 'sudo ppa-purge ppa:attente/modifier-only-input-switch' to restore the versions currently in archive."


Samba/CIFS to Synology NAS not working: no write access after upgrade from 16.04 to 20.04

//192.168.1.228/Media /media/windowsshare cifs
username=myusername,password=mypassword,vers=3.0,iocharset=utf8,sec=ntmlssp
0 0

I betcha it is writeable but not to you only to root. You need to take possession of the mounted share in Ubuntu by adding uid=myusername to the list of options:
//192.168.1.228/Media /media/windowsshare cifs username=myusername,password=mypassword,uid=myusername,vers=3.0,iocharset=utf8,sec=ntmlssp 0 0


Since I can't comment to ask for clarification due tp lack of rep points, I'll attempt to answer your question as best I can:

Does this also happen when you boot off the live CD / usb stick?

In either case it might be worth looking at your grub boot options and trying to match them with your bios.

At the Grub2 boot loader screen choose the kernel you want to boot and press 'e'

go to the end of the line and add / edit the line:

acpi=on

If that doesn't work, please tell us what model Asus you have, and what UFEI version you are running if possible.


Bumblebee in Ubuntu 15.04 (Optirun/Primus) Error

I got it working like that on Kubuntu 15.04 with 340.76:

Driver=nvidia
...
[driver-nvidia]
KernelDriver=nvidia_340
PMMethod=auto
LibraryPath=/usr/lib/nvidia-340:/usr/lib32/nvidia-340:
XorgModulePath=/usr/lib/nvidia-340/xorg,/usr/lib/xorg/modules
XorgConfFile=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia


"No installation candidate, however the following package replaces it" loop

In Ubuntu 15.10 we re-introduced ffmpeg  as default conversion tool to replace avconv. Codecs will be provided by libavcodec-ffmpeg56.
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-ffmpeg56

The previous package libavcodec56 is no longer supported.


File size stated is bigger than expected

Ubuntu uses the
bytes > kilobytes > megabytes system
(1000 bytes = 1 kilobytes, 1000 kilobytes = 1 megabytes)
instead of the
bytes > kibibytes > mebibytes system
(1024 bytes = 1 kibibytes, 1024 kibibytes = 1 mebibytes).

So 5154017 bytes = 5.154017 megabytes ≈ 5.2 megabytes.


How to solve black screen problem after installing nvidia drivers on Ubuntu 15.10?

To solve your problem install the very latest current stable NVIDIA drivers 352 !

But first uninstall every NVIDIA related software you have had installed before.

Remove the bumblebee packages as well - it will be replaced with nvidia-prime.

Open a terminal and execute:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia* bumblebee
sudo reboot

Then install the new NVIDIA drivers:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot

Open NVIDIA X Server Settings -> Prime Profiles to switch to the intel graphics card.


Why does aptitude insist on installing packages?

From the aptitude man page :

  As a special case, “install” with no arguments will act on any stored/pending actions.

In other words, you tried to install those packages earlier (or they were brought as dependencies), yet something went wrong (or the process was interrupted) and it couldn't finish. aptitude is just trying to finish what it started. The operations may also concern updates, package removals or any kind of internal, pending operation.

Another interesting man page excerpt you might want to know about :

  Once you enter Y at the final confirmation prompt, the “install” command will modify aptitude's stored information about what actions to perform. Therefore, if you issue (e.g.) the command “aptitude install foo bar” and then abort the installation once aptitude has started downloading and installing packages, you will need to run “aptitude remove foo bar” to cancel that order.

In other words, if those packages are of no interest to you, calling remove for them might purge the pending operations queue (the aptitude's stored information).


On another thread here, someone suggested using an alternate installation, and it worked! I have Ubuntu working on my Wyse 3040 thin client!
The installation image that I got from the main download page was named:
Ubuntu-18.04.3-live-server-amd64.iso
This installation kit failed to find any block devices to install onto on two different systems (the Wyse and a Mini PC). Pawing around in the alternate installations page I eventually found one named:
Ubuntu-18.04.3-server-amd64.iso
This installation kit worked perfectly and found all the block devices on the systems that the -live- one could not find.


Can I install a desktop without any other applications?

You could create a customized LiveCD. Try Ubuntu Customization Kit:

Create bootable LiveCD with predefined languages based on original Ubuntu/Kubuntu live CD using wizard with GUI
Build live CD with special features using scripts. It is possible to customize root filesystem (for example install/remove packages), ISO contents (add/remove docs, change names) and initrd (add modules to boot, change boot sequence)

Another solution seems to be Reconstructor.


how to create a send file between shared folder in Windows 7 and Ubuntu-directory doesn't exist

What always worked for me is to mount the shared folder of the Windows host to the vmware guest linux machine via CIFS. Let's suppose that your hosted machine is connected to a virtual network (network type is not relevant) with an ip address range 192.168.5.0/24, your host machine (windows) address should be 192.168.5.1:

First set password to your Windows user or create a new Windows user with a password and give it write permissions to your shared folder, I always get with issues when mounting shares without passwords.
Install cifs-utils package in your guest machine sudo apt-get install cifs-utils.
Create a mount point directory, for example: mkdir ~/host-shared-folder
Mount your shared folder with mount.cifs -o "username=WindowsUser,password=WindowsUserPassword,domain=DomainOrWORkgroupName,uid=roryhbmc,gid=roryhbmc" //192.168.5.1/sharedUbuntu ~/host-shared-folder
if you want to mount this folder every time the machine is booted, add this line to your /etc/fstab file //192.168.5.1/sharedUbuntu /home/roryhbmc/host-shared-folder cifs rw,uid=roryhbmc,gid=roryhbmc,username=WindowsUser,password=WindowsUserPassword,domain=DomainOrWorkgroupName 0 0


New 14.04 Install on Workstation - Suggish Performance

Just an update to this:

The issue was with a 130W Power Adaptor rather than the 180W that was supplied with the system. During the install I decided to update the BIOS (which reset all settings)- and it would seem that using the latest BIOS performance is capped when using a lower wattage power adaptor.

The culprit it Intel Speed-Step. If it detects a lower wattage then it will cap your processor at around half the power.

If you frequently use a smaller power adaptor (smaller = less wattage = lighter to carry (180w weighs over 1kg)) - then you can simply go into your bios settings > Performance > Intel Speed-Step > Disable.

Please note - while the smaller power adapter will power your machine it will probably struggle to charge your battery while the machine is on !


Using GParted to rescue data and format hard drive to NTFS

For recovering data use Testdisk: http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk
There is also a nice step by step tutorial: http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Step_By_Step

To format, make sure that the partition is not mounted by running on terminal the command mount. If it is mounted, umount it with umount /mnt/path and then format with mkfs.ntfs /dev/sdX.


can't connect to samba share files on ubuntu

So, i've found out that apparently when you have ubuntu 20.04 you can't just set up samba and ssh and just connect to your samba shares, but you need to implement a single line of code which is:
just below the workgroup = WORKGROUP tag, you have to write the code, server min protocol = NT1
after that, you have to restart the service with: sudo service smbd restart
Now i can access the folder, but i have yet to see my folders, but that is next step.
Good luck everyone


error while installing opensubmit ubuntu 14.04 LTS

It seems that in the process the file /usr/local/bin/opensubmit-web should be removed (os.unlink(src)) which fails with a missing permission.

Either try rerunning your command with root privileges:

sudo opensubmit-web configure

or you need to become the owner of the file:

sudo chown $(whoami) /usr/local/bin/opensubmit-web

Then simply execute your command opensubmit-web configure as before.


If your datanode is not running then there could be many prob.
Either the directory you set in hdfs-site.xml file is not right or the cluster id in which you datanode is present doesn't match the cluster id with your namenode and many more.

Do the following and comment or edit your question after running the commands with the output attached..

Check whether the directory are set properly in hdfs-site.xml (syntax /home/yourComputerName/datanode or namenode)
Delete all the directory (namenode, datanode, tmp)
Format the namenode again.. (hadoop namenode -format)
Start all the daemons(services) ("start-all.sh") and use "jps" to check weather all daemons are working or not (there should be six daemons)
If still problem exist then try command "hadoop datanode" after start-all.sh and paste the error while editing the question.
After that i will help you further.

Thanks


making files case insensitive at startup

From the Debian introductory tutorials:

  UNIX filenames are case-sensitive.

Sorry, you're stuck with it.

There are some extreme hacks you could pull with ciopfs (originally meant for Wine), but they'll affect your whole system (read: break everything). At such a point it's more productive to complain to your music app's developers.


Ubuntu taking way too long time to start

SOLVED!!! The problem was that the UUID of swap on fstab was different from the actual UUID that is shown using: sudo blkid. I just had to replace it and boot is like a bullet again. :D


Is there a way to reserve memory for OS to keep it active when RAM usage goes to 100%?

Instead of a thousand words: system hang prevention with nohang: https://youtu.be/PLVWgNrVNlc

Nohang is a highly configurable daemon for Linux which is able to correctly prevent out of memory (OOM) and keep system responsiveness in low memory conditions: https://github.com/hakavlad/nohang

But easiest way is installing earlyoom. This program is in the repositories starting with ubuntu 18.04: just run sudo apt install earlyoom.


Is it just overheating, or are you experiencing power consumption problems as well? You could try and limit the CPU frequency at which your box operates by using a nifty little program called "cpu-freq", works great on my Dell running Ubuntu 14.10.

Link to info (basically doubled my battery life)
http://www.noobslab.com/2013/07/how-to-improve-laptop-power-management.html


You won't be able to mount a disk : you need to mount a partition. As it is an unformatted drive, you will have to give it a partition table and a partition before mounting.

You can do all that with gparted, which is pretty easy to understand and well documented :

sudo apt-get install gparted

Plus, mounting a partition will be like this :

sudo mount /dev/sdbx /media/backup

=> where x denotes a partition number, it will be like 1,2,...


Unplug and plug in again a USB device in the terminal

I wrote a script to show how I’d do that:

#!/bin/bash

port="1-1.1" # as shown by lsusb -t: {bus}-{port}(.{subport})

bind_usb() {
  echo "$1" >/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/bind
}

unbind_usb() {
  echo "$1" >/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind
}

unbind_usb "$port"
# sleep 1 # enable delay here
bind_usb "$port"

First you need to get the bus and port number of the usb port in question. You can do that with lsusb and any device you recognize in lsusb’s output, I use a Sandisk pendrive here:

$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 04f2:b39a Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd
Bus 001 Device 112: ID 8087:07dc Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 019: ID 04d9:1603 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. Keyboard
Bus 001 Device 018: ID 0424:2504 Standard Microsystems Corp. USB 2.0 Hub
Bus 001 Device 022: ID 0781:5567 SanDisk Corp. Cruzer Blade
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
$ lsusb -t
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/3p, 480M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/8p, 480M
        |__ Port 1: Dev 22, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 480M
        |__ Port 2: Dev 18, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
            |__ Port 1: Dev 19, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
            |__ Port 1: Dev 19, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
        |__ Port 7: Dev 112, If 0, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
        |__ Port 7: Dev 112, If 1, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
        |__ Port 8: Dev 5, If 1, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M
        |__ Port 8: Dev 5, If 0, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M

From the output of lsusb you get the bus and device number of the device, then search this device in the output of lsusb -t to get the bus and port number (sometimes with subports). The syntax is:

1-2.3 # for Bus 1 Port 2 Subport 3 – strip leading zeroes!

Use this as port in the script. Now you just need to make it executable with chmod +x /path/to/script and run it with root permissions:

sudo /path/to/script

I didn’t need one for my pendrive, but it may be necessary for you to add a delay between unbinding and binding again, that’s what the commented out sleep 1 line is for – you can experiment with the values, e.g. sleep 0.5 for half a second.

Note that this approach shows how to disable and enable again a certain USB port, if you want a specific device to be unbound and rebound again you’ll have to use the same USB port for this to work. One could think of a way to parse lsusb’s output to dynamically get the bus and port number of a specific device every time the script is called, this would allow you to use any USB port, but I feel that would be an overkill here.

Suggestions taken from this linux.com blog article.


cpufreq gnome extension keeps reverting to powersave

In your /etc/init.d/cpufrequtils file change:

GOVERNOR="ondemand"

to:

GOVERNOR="performance"

Leave the rest of the line as is. Save and reboot.

TL;DR - old answer below

As far as Intel speed governors go:

ondemand mode was deprecated years ago.
performance mode has little improvement over powersave mode.

That said your processor may not even support picking between performance and powersave.

To view available speed governors use this command:

$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors
performance powersave

If you do have more than one governor you can check what is currently in use with this command:

$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
powersave

To change your processor to performance mode use:

$ echo performance | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor
performance

You will then notice CPU% utilization drop by about 5% but also notice speed will increase from about 1000 MHz to 3000 MHz and temperatures will spike by ~10 degree, depending on your processor:

I have noticed that even when set to powersave mode (as I always use) when Ubuntu first boots it runs in performance mode for 90 seconds before it eventually kicks into powersave mode.

None-the-less after manually setting the governor to performance mode using the appropriate command above. It has stayed in performance mode for 10 minutes now as confirmed by using the appropriate command above and doubly confirmed by conky display above.

I left the governor set on performance for 30 minutes and it worked just fine. It might interest some readers what the conky display looks like when switching off of performance governor back to the default powersave governor:

CPU% utilization has spiked by 5%, but CPU frequency has dropped by 1500 MHz and temperature has decreased by about 10 degrees. Overall I think powersave mode is the best for most configurations.


How to share files Between RHEL and Ubuntu

Virtual Box Shared Folders provide access to host directories from a guest OS. This does not work the other way, i.e. accessing guest directories from the host.

To do so you may want to access file across a virtual network using SSH or Samba. See this questions for more (it should be the same for RHEL):

Share between Ubuntu machines


Resume from suspend occasionally causes a restart

this solved my problem, but my computer did the reboot all the time instead of resuming, not sometimes y hope this helps

this worked for mi before i install ati drivers
Edit the file /etc/default/grub (as root)

Change the line with:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_sleep=nonvs"

run command  as root

update-grub

and this other one worked just fine after installing the ati drivers

"I've solved a similar issue (reboot on resume) with a Sony Vaio VGN-FW51ZF by changing the last line of the file /etc/acpi/sleep.sh from pm-suspend to pm-suspend --quirk-radeon-off (guess it was a problem related with ATI proprietary drivers)."

so thanks for those tips and i hope this save you some time

from
Suspend fails (reboot on resume) and no hibernate option


it seems like your windows is not genuine. No problem if you have a unallocated space in your hard disk you can dual boot your system by selecting

  something else  >  (continue)  >  free space  >  (+)  >  use as  >  Swap Area   >  (enter the size) (max it should be the size of your RAM or 2x of your RAM) (don't change any thing apart from these)  >  (OK)  >  free space  >  (+)  >  mount > select ->( / ) (first option) (apart from this don't change any thing if you want you can change the size of disk)  >  (OK) >  (select newly created partition)  >  (install now).

hope this will work for you.

Thank you.


First, remove reported error repository from Ubuntu Software & updates -> Other Software and try it to upgrade again.


I don't know if it is possible, but I will give you two tips that can help you:

Bookmark your most important directories in Nautilus: if you often access a specific folder for uploading files, bookmark it! Open the directory in Nautilus and use the CTRL+D keys to bookmark it... Thus, every time you open the "select file dialog" you can click in the bookmark dir to move directly to the directory!
You can copy the path of the file and/or the path to the directory e CTRL+V in the "select file dialog" (in Nautilus you can use the CTRL+L to open the location bar, CTRL+C to copy and use ESC to disable it).

I hope this can help you.

Regards,

Rafael.


When launching, nvidia-settings it just hangs

Try to completely remove your nvidia drivers from your system:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*

Remove your xorg.conf

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Reinstall xorg completely

sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-core libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64

Re-configure Xorg

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Reboot

sudo reboot

You should be greeted with lightdm, this will default everything x the same way a fresh install would. After that you can try installing nvidia from the "Additional Drivers" application.


This shouldn't be a problem but you can also resize partitions with Partition manager and in Windows 7 or Vista you can use Disk Management. There are also lots of other programs that will do this, you can use Ubuntu from the USB stick...

In partition manager you have first (right click on the parition) and Unmount neighboring partitions  and then resize  them with resize/Move button.

You don't have to reinstall anything to do that.


To me, it seems that you don't have pip v2 so to make sure it's installed run:

sudo apt install python-pip

It will installs pip for python v2, now lets update it:

/usr/bin/pip2 install pip --upgrade --user

After updating, run which pip2; It should give you something like:

/home/your-user-name/.local/bin/pip2

Now use pip2 to install your desired module for python2:

pip2 install easydict --user

or

/home/your-user-name/.local/bin/pip2 install easydict --user

Do not forget to change your-user-name with your username.


Error while attempt to change login screen background picture

After switching to lightdm you should first issue this command:

gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-user-backgrounds 'true'

Resource: https://askubuntu.com/a/334992/488702


Evolution - Categories Task Filter filters only on the first category

Gnome Evolution requires that there is no space between categories. So, the categories must be entered as Category1,Category2,Category with space 3,Cat4 Note that there is no space after the ,. Then it will filter correctly. HTH


If you have tried everything and still have the same problem check the ~/.xsession-errors log file and see if there is an error like this:

init: dbus pre-start process (PID XXXX) terminated with status 2

If that's the case you may have a problem with the upstart cache. After rm -rf ~/.cache/upstart and a reboot unity started to work again.


Convert Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS iso to lxc container or download somewhere

LXC and LXD use runtimes of Linux distributions. A runtime is very roughly the ISO without the Linux kernel.
At http://us.images.linuxcontainers.org/ you can see the full list of supported (provided) runtimes of many Linux distributions. Both LXC and LXD are configured to use those runtimes for you in an easy way.
If you are interested in recreating such a runtime, see distrobuilder. You supply a configuration file for your favorite Linux distribution (samples here) and then distrobuilder will download the necessary packages and files to create the runtime. The front page of the distrobuilder repository has instructions on how to create such a runtime for the Alpine Linux distribution (it's small and fast to create).


What are possible damages can harm a computer after forced turning off (pressing the power button)?

None. Contrary to popular belief, it is not harmful to computer at all.

However, you may lost some unsaved work, but anyway most of software silently do backup copy quite frequently. There are also possibility to affect filesystems if power cut-off occurs during write operation, but every modern filesystem can deal with it and automatically fix its inconsistency caused by power cut-off.

So to sum up: there is nothing to worry about, if your computer freezes, then power it off without hesitation.


Ubuntu MATE is opening all existing text files as executable

It is normal behaviour. Well sort of. Be careful with regards to NTFS. Those partitions  tend to be mounted as executable making all files ... executable.

This one-liner will remove execute from .txt from the directory you execute it:

find . -type f -iname "*.txt" -exec chmod -x {} \;

When a text file has executable permissions set or is recognized as executable generally it will ask for it to be executed or to be viewed.

Nautilus also has a setting for this in "Edit" "preferences" "Behavior". Caja has the same option (though I have not found an image for Caja).


Unable to login to Ubuntu Permissions Issue?

You could use a Ubuntu Live CD to navigate to the directories and give yourself Read/Write permission again.

Helpful link:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1817291


need help regarding blank javascript pages

Your issue has nothing to do with the browser let alone Ubuntu. Even though some element may look like links, it is possible that it points to a bogus "URL". These elements can have a so-called event handler registered to them which can trigger on certain events, like clicking. Depending on the web application, it can then simply change the page URL or dispatch an AJAX request.

Example HTML code with an inline Javascript event handler:

some link

Unless you write Javascript code yourself, you will not be able to trigger these actions by just clicking on it.


How can I reinstall GRUB Bootloader on MBR after installing Kubuntu?

If you are running Kubuntu, it's easy.

From a command line, assuming a single disk drive, type

sudo grub-install /dev/sda
(this installs it in the mbr),

and then type sudo update-grub
(this updates the grub menu)


Ubuntu 18.04 not booting with Aorus RTX 2080

I have Rtx 2080 ti, not encounter this problem but driver not detect either.
You should try to (remove the card, boot then) disable nouveau driver, then reboot and install Nvidia Driver.

First uninstall Nouveau video driver. Create a blacklist configuration file with:

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf

with the following contents:

blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0

Regenerate the kernel with initramfs:

sudo update-initramfs -u

and finally reboot machine:

sudo reboot


Panel clock applet does not show correct time and date

Select System Settings -> Time & Date -> on the line at the bottom of the Time & Date window that says: Set the time: select Automatically from the Internet.
If that doesn't work, enter the BIOS when the computer is starting up and change the System Time and the System Date in the BIOS settings to their correct values. If the System Time and the System Date in the BIOS are repeatedly losing their correct values, this could be caused by a worn out CMOS battery.
If that doesn't work, you may need to replace the CMOS battery on the motherboard. The CMOS battery usually looks like a thin silver disk the size of a large coin. The model number is usually engraved on the top side of the CMOS battery.


"System bootorder not found" after installation

I had the same problem with an Acer Extensa 15 - the link pasted by oldfred indeed contained a solution - I'm repasting it here in case someone lands here in the future:

not sure turn off windows fast start-up necessary
for sure not necessary disable Secure Boot in bios in my case <a lot of advice stress     the importance of this

I try to recap my solving (for computer laptop acer E5-571-57H1)
(after installed xubuntu)

turn on and press F2, bios come up (mine called InsydeH20 setup utility rev. 5.0)
go to page Security
go to "Set Supervisor Password" press ENTER (I set pass "a")
go to "Select an UEFI file as trusted for executing:" press ENTER
a new page appear with listed:
HDD0
HDD0

press ENTER on the first HDD0 and see if a sub list with the name "<EFI>" comes up     (in my case did not show <EFI> but: recycle bin and system volume info)
press ENTER on the second HDD0 and see if a sub list with <EFI> comes up (in my case     showed <EFI> and <boot-sav>)
press ENTER on <EFI>, new list comes
press ENTER on<ubuntu>, new list comes with:
shimx64.efi
grubx64.efi
MokManager.efi

press enter on each one and give them a for you recognizable name (I used     "xubuntushimx64efi", "xubuntugrubx64efi", "xubuntuMokManagerefi")
and press Yes

save and exit

go back in bios f2

go to "Set Supervisor Password" and set pass to nill-blank (you want to eliminate a not necessary password that you could forget...)

go to "boot page" tab
you should find the named shimx64.efi, grubx64.efi, MokManager.efi
bring them up in the priority boot list (above windows if you want ubuntu default system)

go to page main - enable F12 boot menu
save and exit


The type of fingerprint reader in the E480 isn't supported outside of windows at the moment.
It doesn't appear to be a standard device on the PCI or USB busses.


Ubuntu 14.04.1 Audio Crashes After Using Hydrogen Drum Machine App

Use this command at terminal or run via Alt+F2 to reload sound drivers. Then audio works again.

pulseaudio -k && sudo alsa force-reload


How to make several drives one large hard drive?

The magic letters are LVM

  LVM is suitable for:

  Managing large hard disk farms by letting you add disks, replace disks, copy and share contents from one disk to another without
  disrupting service (hot swapping).
  On small systems (like a desktop at home), instead of having to estimate at installation time how big a partition might need to be in
  the future, LVM allows you to resize your disk partitions easily as
  needed.
  Making backups by taking "snapshots".
  Creating single logical volumes of multiple physical volumes or entire hard disks (somewhat similar to RAID 0, but more similar to
  JBOD), allowing for dynamic volume resizing.

  One can think of LVM as a thin software layer on top of the hard disks
  and partitions, which creates an illusion of continuity and
  ease-of-use for managing hard-drive replacement, repartitioning, and
  backup.

Here's a HOWTO


Is it possible to use the scrypt command to encrypt all the files in a folder?

One can use encfs to encrypt a folder:

Method 1:

Install it:

sudo apt install encfs

Create the required directories, one for the encrypted data and the other for accessing them:

encfs ~/.encrypt ~/visible

Accept the requests made by encfs then give it a password of your liking.
Now place the files to protect in the ~/visible folder.
To hide them run:

fusermount -u ~/visible

# This will hide all files in there.

To access them again run:

encfs ~/.encrypted ~/visible

# This will ask you for your password so the files
# in ~/visible will be seen and accessed

Source:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FolderEncryption

Method 2:

Use Gnome Encfs Manager

Install:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gencfsm
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gnome-encfs-manager

To use run the Gnome Encfs Manager program to use GUI to achieve the same as in method 1.

Method 3:

Using a terminal script you can use scrypt to achieve this:

for i in /home/$USER/Documents/koko/*; do scrypt enc "$i" "$i-sc"; done

More information:

koko: My imaginary folder, yours should be different
You will have to enter the password for each encryption done

Method 4

For randomly generated passwords written into a file:

#!/bin/bash

echo "Running script..."
echo " "
echo "Please enter the names of folder to encrypt file contents"
echo "and folder to store the passwords for the files"
echo " "

read -p 'Files location: ' folder
read -p 'Password storage location: ' passwdlocation
read -p 'name of password file: ' mypasswords
echo " "

if [[ -z "$folder" || -z "$passwdlocation" ]];then

    echo "Please supply the required folder names"
    exit 1

else

    if [ -d "/home/$USER/Documents/"$passwdlocation"" ]; then

        # If password folder exists ask user if it should be deleted
        read -n1 -p "/home/$USER/Documents/"$passwdlocation" exists, delete Y or N?" doit
        echo
        case "$doit" in
            y|Y)    rm -R /home/$USER/Documents/"$passwdlocation" && mkdir /home/$USER/Documents/"$passwdlocation";;
            n|N) echo "Script terminated by user" && exit 1;;
            *) echo
        esac
    else
        mkdir /home/$USER/Documents/"$passwdlocation"
    fi

    # Is it a directory
    if [[ -d "$folder" ]]; then
        # Make sure target folder has files in it
        if [ ! "$(ls -A "/home/$USER/Documents/"$folder"" 2> /dev/null)" == "" ]; then

            # Check if password file already exists
            # if it does ask to delete of write to it
            if [ "$( ls -A "/home/$USER/Documents/"$passwdlocation"/"$mypasswords".txt" 2> /dev/null)" == "" ]; then

                read -n1 -p ""$mypasswords".txt already exists, delete Y or N? " doagain
                echo
                case "$doagain" in
                    y|Y)  rm -rf "/home/$USER/Documents/"$passwdlocation"/"$mypasswords".txt";;
                    n|N)  echo "file not deleted!";;
                    *) echo "Operation successful";;
                esac
        else

        fi

        for i in "$folder"/*
        do
            # Create random passwords
            filepasswd=$(strings /dev/urandom | grep -o '[[:alnum:]]' | head -n 30 | tr -d '\n';)

            scrypt enc -P "$i" "$i-sc" <<< "$filepasswd"

            # Add password to password store location
            echo -n  "$i-sc  $filepasswd" >> "/home/$USER/Documents/"$passwdlocation"/"$mypasswords".txt"
            echo -e "\n" >> "/home/$USER/Documents/"$passwdlocation"/"$mypasswords".txt"
            echo "$i Done"
        done

    else
        echo "The target "$folder" is empty!"

        exit 1

    fi

    else

        echo "Invalid arguments .. please supply directory names"
        exit 1

    fi

fi

echo "Script finished"


Windows calculates network usage as a percentage of the link speed of your internet connection (like 45 or 150Mbps). This simply measures the utilization of your network hardware and is not a measure of available bandwidth. Hence not a good method to check if network is the bottleneck in your scenario.

However, if this is exactly what you want, find out the link speed as described in this answer. (change eth0 to appropriate interface)

dmesg | grep eth0

Using this value and your current speeds, you can estimate the network utilization.
Hope this clears your doubt.


How to boot from a USB Mass Storage Device on a Raspberry Pi 3

How to boot from a USB Mass Storage Device on a Raspberry Pi 3 and
Pi 3 booting part I: USB mass storage boot beta

Money quote:

  If you can’t boot from the MSD, then there are some steps that you can take to diagnose the problem. Please note, though, this is very much still a work in progress:

  Format an SD card as FAT32
  Copy the current next branch bootcode.bin from GitHub onto the SD card
  Plug it into the Pi and try again


Touchpad not working in ubuntu 14.04 on Dell Inspiron 15 7547

I use Ubuntu 14.10 on my Dell Inspiron 7547, and the touchpad does work after boot. Problem is, it's not working after suspend/resume.

It might this bug.
People mentioned they didn't face this problem on later kernels. I've installed the 3.18 kernel and indeed the problem went away, for the most part. The touchpad was unresponsive once after resume (it was yesterday, yet to be seen if I can reproduce this).

For completeness, to answer the previous comment I'm also adding the xinput list output:

$ xinput list
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ MSFT0001:00 06CB:75BD UNKNOWN             id=10   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ ELAN Touchscreen                          id=14   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Sleep Button                              id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard              id=11   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Dell WMI hotkeys                          id=12   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Integrated_Webcam_HD                      id=13   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Logitech Logitech Wireless Headset H760   id=15   [slave  keyboard (3)]


If you notice weak signal try
Code:

sudo modprobe -r rtl8723de && sleep 5 && sudo modprobe rtl8723de ant_sel=1

and see if it is better, if not do
Code:

sudo modprobe -r rtl8723de && sleep 5 && sudo modprobe rtl8723de ant_sel=2

Source Worked for me


No sound in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS - help requested

First, check your settings and see what the audio output (sink) and input (source) are set to.  Open the Settings and click on the Sound tab to do this.  In my case, it showed both to be USB audio and since I do not have USB audio devices connected, I got no sound.
Then open a terminal window and enter the command below.  Your results will, of course, be different.
$ pactl list short sinks
1   alsa_output.usb-Generic_USB_Audio_200901010001-00.HiFi__hw_Dock_1__sink module-alsa-card.c  s24le 2ch 48000Hz   SUSPENDED
2   alsa_output.usb-Generic_USB_Audio_200901010001-00.HiFi__hw_Dock__sink   module-alsa-card.c  s24le 2ch 48000Hz   IDLE
3   alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo  module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 48000Hz   SUSPENDED

This tells me that the sink (output device) that I want is the 3rd one in the list.  Make note of the text string for the device you want.  For me it is 'alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo'.
Similarly run:
$ pactl list short sources
1   alsa_output.usb-Generic_USB_Audio_200901010001-00.HiFi__hw_Dock_1__sink.monitor module-alsa-card.c  s24le 2ch 48000Hz   SUSPENDED
2   alsa_output.usb-Generic_USB_Audio_200901010001-00.HiFi__hw_Dock__sink.monitor   module-alsa-card.c  s24le 2ch 48000Hz   RUNNING
3   alsa_input.usb-Generic_USB_Audio_200901010001-00.HiFi__hw_Dock__source  module-alsa-card.c  s24le 2ch 48000Hz   RUNNING
4   alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo.monitor  module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 48000Hz   SUSPENDED
5   alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo   module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   SUSPENDED

The source I want is 'alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo'.
Then enter the following commands (using your desired sink and source of course):
$ pactl set-default-sink 'alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo'
$ pactl set-default-source 'alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo'

Check the Settings > Sound.  The settings should be correct, and if you used the right devices your audio should work.
Once you know that it's right, just edit your .profile file and add these two pactl commands to that file.


How to install Ubuntu in my Windows 8.1 (pre-installed genuine) computer?

I would strongly recommend that you should install Ubuntu in a VM. this has the advantage that you don't need to shut down your Windows OS to get into Ubuntu. Put another way, you could be running both of them simultaneously.

Providing a step-by-step procedure would be long and boring. But, if you have any familiarity with installing Windows based software then the steps are simple:

Download and install VirtualBox
Download Ubuntu ISO
Create a new virtual machine in VirtualBox
Start your new virtual machine and connect it to the downloaded Ubuntu ISO file

Beyond that, the steps are simple as installing Ubuntu is very simple.

If you want detailed steps then this link may help: http://navet.ics.hawaii.edu/~casanova/VirtualBoxUbuntuHowTo.html

One more advantage of this virtual machine approach: you can create as many virtual machines as you want to try out other Linux distros, if you are into that sort of thing.

Finally, I would STRONGLY recommend that you try out Xubuntu. I feel it is FAR, FAR better than the original Ubuntu, but that is just my opinion.

HTH!


I've changed the directory of an outputed file to a /home/crontaband removed spaces from path to the Rscript and it worked fine


To reverse the default functioning of touch pad

You can set it up in

System Settings -> Mouse & Touchpad -> Natural Scrolling.


grub boots from another /boot partition, encrypted partition

I added this script in grub-customizer and It worked.

set root='(hd0,7)'

linux /vmlinuz-4.18.0-kali2-amd64 root=/dev/mapper/sda6_crypt initrd=/boot

/initrd.img-4.18.0-kali2-amd64

initrd /initrd.img-4.18.0-kali2-amd64

boot


Open up the /etc/rc.local with a text editor.
Add the following line at the bottom before the exit 0 line.

/bin/sh /path/to/file.sh

Save, exit, reboot. Try it out.


What is the path of libraries (samples, docs) setted up from Software Center of Ubuntu 12.04?

The easiest way is to issue the list-files option of dpkg from a terminal.

Open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T.
Enter the following command:
dpkg --listfiles opencv-doc

You can also find the information from Synaptic Package Manager, if you prefer a GUI, but you'll have to install synaptic from the Ubuntu Software Centre first.


Why does my fairly avarage system fail to run even a light distro?

Using a SSD or a faster hard drive could make it run faster. I installed linux on an (external) hard drive and it takes a few minutes to boot.


Lost all my partition after installing Ubuntu 14.4 LTS

similar questions is  alredy been answered here Recover 1TB disk erased with startup disk creator and How do I recover my accidentally lost Windows partitions after installing Ubuntu?
Boot from a live CD or USB.
Install TestDisk and Mount the drive then open a terminal and run
 sudo testdisk

follow these steps

here you have to select your hard disk.

Deeper Search (this should find your old partition, you can stop it after it found it)

Once you found what you think it's your partition select it with up/down arrows
[P] for list files and look if it seems it
[q] to quit list files
I have changed pictures for better understanding. This  is from wiki link at bottom

Using the left/right arrow keys, change the status of the selected partition from D(eleted) to L(ogical). This way you will be able to recover this partition
[enter] continue
When all partitions are available and data correctly listed, you can select Write to save the partition structure.

more detailed step by step instructions for TestDisk data recovery can be found here http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Step_By_Step and here http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/linux-data-recovery.html


I don't know what is my audio device and there is no sound on Ubuntu 11

I think you are using Realtek sound card. Type in a terminal

lspci

It will show you your sound card and other devices attached with your computer.

To install Realtek driver you can download the package from their website.

Click to download

Extract it and click install. Then reboot your system.


How do I get a TeckNet New Webcam Camera to work?

My gosh, that is, most definitely the most stupid question I have ever asked in my life. The webcam works fine and was recognized, I just didn't realize! Silly me!


what is the use of Recovery Mode in Ubuntu

If your system fails to boot for whatever reason, it may be useful to boot it into recovery mode. This mode just loads some basic services and drops you into command line mode. You are then logged in as root (the superuser) and can repair your system using command line tools.

For more information as to what you can and can't do from recovery mode, consult the following document:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RecoveryMode


Is there BitTorrent software that runs in a terminal?

Transmission
The default BitTorrent client of Ubuntu Desktop, Transmission, has a command line interface (which is not installed by default, the package is transmission-daemon). The daemon can be setup so that it may be interacted with through the terminal and through a web interface.
Transmission is a good bittorrent client because:

It's lightweight with either interface.
It's stable, never had it crashing.
It's easy to understand.
It has function expected of a modern bittorrent client, e.g. local peer discovery, full encryption, and support for DHT, µTP, PEX and magnet links.

For more info on its features, see this page.


Cannot install R updates because they "requre installation of untrusted packages", can't update expired key either (Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)

You have to secure apt by
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9

or
gpg -a --export E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9 | sudo apt-key add -

and then retry with sudo apt-get update.


Both my keyboard and mouse both use the wireless receiver and they both worked with NO fiddling at all.........Work perfect (mx 3200 Lazer)


You need to use a windows installation cd and restore the bootloader on the MBR through the recovery environment or using the startup repair option under advanced settings. Here is a guide http://www.redmondpie.com/how-to-fix-windows-8-mbr-master-boot-record/

Related support article: (unfortunately I could only find one for ~windows 7 but the previous guide is very straightforward)
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/927392#method1


Can't Reboot into Windows 8.1 from Ubuntu

Hmm I had some issues with secure boot being on.  However, try removing the option to view boot manager from Windows.  Windows cannot handle more than one boot record on UEFI, no matter what you do.  You can change the boot order via MoBo BIOS by selecting the UEFI option under your boot system menu.  you should see something like an onboard PXE IPv4 and IPv6 NIC Boot and the two OS Options (windows and Ubuntu with numbers on the side in ()s.  Find the command to move Ubuntu up to the first choice.  This is going to always boot to Ubuntu, and having Windows just boot without you choosing an OS will remedy the issue.  Also turn Secure Boot off.


Does Ubuntu One have maximum traffic or download limits?

I have not been able to find any limits listed; though they may have an issue with terabytes of bandwidth used, especially if you are using the free account.  I would recommend contacting Ubuntu One directly at https://one.ubuntu.com/help/contact/


How to save newly created commands in the terminal

Use the ↑ key
Use the reverse search integrated in the terminal by pressing ctrl and r
Use a bin file

open gedit by typing gedit in the dash
enter #/bin/bash in the first row
now enter each command in a new line
save it in /home/[username]/bin/ without an ending (gedit does it automatically right)
go into nautilus (the data explorer) and right click the file
go on properties and check the box "allow executing file" under properties
now just click doubled
a window saying run in terminal,display,cancel,run
just click run in terminal or run
now you're script must run...

an example for the file:

#/bin/bash
gnome-system-settings

The first one is easier to use with one command, but the second one is better for running multiple ones after each other.


Is there an indicator to quickly access recently used files?

Have your recently used files in the panel

With the script below, you can have an arbitrary number of recently used items at hand in the panel, e.g. 6 items:

...or 20 items:

...depending on your settings.

How it works

The setup exists of two items:

an icon, named (exactly) recent.png
a script

Both need to be in one and the same folder. after that, simply run the script.

How to set up

Possibly, you need to install python3-gi:

sudo apt-get install python3-gi

Then:

Copy the script below into an empty file, save it as recused.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import signal
import gi
gi.require_version('Gtk', '3.0')
gi.require_version('AppIndicator3', '0.1')
from gi.repository import Gtk, AppIndicator3, GObject
import time
from threading import Thread
import os
import subprocess

# --- set the number of recently used files to appear below
n = 20
# ---

home = os.environ["HOME"]
recdata = os.path.join(home, ".local/share/recently-used.xbel")
currpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

class Indicator():
    def __init__(self):
        self.app = 'show_recent'
        iconpath = os.path.join(currpath, "recent.png")
        self.indicator = AppIndicator3.Indicator.new(
            self.app, iconpath,
            AppIndicator3.IndicatorCategory.OTHER)
        self.indicator.set_status(AppIndicator3.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)
        self.indicator.set_menu(self.create_menu())
        # the thread:
        self.update = Thread(target=self.check_recent)
        # daemonize the thread to make the indicator stopable
        self.update.setDaemon(True)
        self.update.start()

    def get_files(self):
        # create the list of recently used files
        used = [l for l in open(recdata) if \
                all([
                    '<bookmark href="file://' in l,
                    not "/tmp" in l,
                    "." in l,
                     ])]
        relevant = [l.split('="') for l in set(used)]
        relevant = [[it[1][7:-7], it[-2][:-10]] for it in relevant]
        relevant.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
        return [item[0].replace("%20", " ") for item in relevant[::-1][:n]]

    def create_menu(self):
        # creates the (initial) menu
        self.menu = Gtk.Menu()
        # separator
        menu_sep = Gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
        self.menu.append(menu_sep)
        # item_quit.show()
        self.menu.show_all()
        return self.menu

    def open_file(self, *args):
        # opens the file with the default application
        index = self.menu.get_children().index(self.menu.get_active())
        selection = self.menu_items2[index]
        subprocess.Popen(["xdg-open", selection])

    def set_new(self):
        # update the list, appearing in the menu
        for i in self.menu.get_children():
            self.menu.remove(i)
        for file in self.menu_items2:
            sub = Gtk.MenuItem(file)
            self.menu.append(sub)
            sub.connect('activate', self.open_file)
        # separator
        menu_sep = Gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
        self.menu.append(menu_sep)
        # quit
        item_quit = Gtk.MenuItem('Quit')
        item_quit.connect('activate', self.stop)
        self.menu.append(item_quit)
        self.menu.show_all()

    def check_recent(self):
        self.menu_items1 = []
        while True:
            time.sleep(3)
            self.menu_items2 = self.get_files()
            if self.menu_items2 != self.menu_items1:
                GObject.idle_add(
                    self.set_new,
                    priority=GObject.PRIORITY_DEFAULT
                    )
            self.menu_items1 = self.menu_items2

    def stop(self, source):
        Gtk.main_quit()

Indicator()
# this is where we call GObject.threads_init()
GObject.threads_init()
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL)
Gtk.main()

In the head section of the script, set the number of items to show:

# --- set the number of recently used files to appear below
n = 20
# ---

In one and the same folder save the icon below as (exactly) recent.png

(right-click on it -> save as)
Test- run the script by the command:

python3 /path/to/recused.py

If all works fine, add to Startup Applications: Dash > Startup Applications > Add. Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && python3 /path/to/recused.py"

Notes

This script was based on this previous answer, in case you are interested in an alternative, be it that that one was application-specific, and used a periodically updated .desktop file.
The script was tested on 16.04, but should work on earlier versions as well.
Due to a bug in the recently-used.xbelfile, sometimes a file is mentioned twice; once with, and once without extension. I solved that by filtering the latter out. The consequence is that files without extension won't appear in the list. If that is an issue, let me know, we can try to find another fix in that case.
If a file does not exist (anymore), the indicator simply (obviously) does not open the file. Most likely, I will polish the script a bit more to filter out those outdated entries from the recently-used.xbel file.

Explanation

Many applications, editing files and using a Gtk window, keep track of opened files in the file: ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel. "Records" include the date & time, the application and the file that was opened.

The script reads the .xbel file, sorts the items by date/time, includes the first n- (depending on your settings) files in the menu of the indicator. The menu is updated (only if necessary) every 3 seconds as it is. Subsequently, when an item is selected, the file is opened with the command:

xdg-open <file>

Thus the selected file will be opened with the default application. It is very well possible to make sure the file is opened with the actual application it was last opened. That takes a somewhat more sophisticated parsing however. I will add that as an option to the planned ppa version on Launchpad.

The same goes for an option window to set a few options, like the number of files to show etc.

Note

The indicator is now merged with a few other things in this one.


From the comments:

  Me: Does it show a text-based Ubuntu loading screen on a black
  background?

  You: yes exactly that. it shows that and the gnome screen at the same
  time, only glitching where the text is, but the system after boot
  works just fine Edit: only shows about 5-10 lines and boots in to the
  log in screen

Don't worry about it at all. That simply means that the kernel upgrade broke KMS, which was a feature only very recently added anyway. All that means is that the driver handoff for the boot screen isn't working properly.

But, that has ZERO effect on anything after the system is booted. So you're fine.

If you want to try to fix it, you can try following this answer, but as always, no guarantees.


Conky: a gap between lines: how to remove the space

Get rid of the blank line in your config file between those two elements.
A blank line is still interpreted. So you need to remove them or start the line with a # so it is interpreted as a comment and not a blank line.


This is not meant to be a reply but a comment. I have a similar experience with my laptop when Skype is turned on. In your screen shots it looks like you use Skype as well. Maybe you can see if the problem disappears if you turn it off?

Edit 1. In Skype's Options --> Sound uncheck the tick that allows Skype to automatically control the volume settings.

Edit 2. If it is not Skype, I am afraid I do not know how to resolve this issue. In any case, is this question not a duplicate of

How to disable microphone from auto adjusting its input volume

which after two years does not seem to be fully resolved.


Solved! Wrote the 19.04 iso to a dvd on a Windows computer. Took a few minutes, but it created a live start-up disc. Then put it into the Ubuntu computer and changed the bios to make it boot first using the UEFI option which appeared. The dvd booted live - this took some time, so patience is needed - but once I got the live environment, I was able to use gparted to partition the hard drive. I then rebooted and removed the disc and confirmed in Disks that the partitions were recorded. They were. Onward now


How can I install MySQL along with phpMyAdmin?

To install phpMyAdmin open the terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T)  and enter this command: sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

To run phpMyAdmin open your browser and, in the URL bar put this: http://localhost/phpmyadmin

Do no forget to restart Apache.


broken `Launcher` after experimenting with `MyUnity` themes

This procedure can fix it.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall humanity-icon-theme

sudo apt-get install --reinstall gnome-icon-theme-full

Then go to System Settings > Appearance > Theme and cycle between Ambience and Radiance, ending back at your preference.  Shutdown and reboot.

Install this fix just in case it might prevent a re-occurrence of the problem.