Mouse scroll wheel moves window content too far each gradation

'unplugging and replugging the mouse USB connection'
fixed this problem, in my case (UEFI windows 8 laptop). then the scrolling behaved normally. No restart, logout or window-close required. This solution comes from different problems relating to the mouse scroll wheel.


Ubuntu 20.04 LTS on Dell Precision 3540 Boot weirdness

Grub only boots working Windows. So if Windows turns fast start up back on with an update which it often does, or needs chkdsk grub will not boot it. But if UEFI install, you should be able to directly boot from UEFI boot menu and may be able to make repairs or change settings. Best to always have Windows repair flash drive and Ubuntu live installer for current versions of systems installed.

You can change default in grub menu. Some just change number, but description is easier to know which is which. I once changed to a blank line which did not work very well.

You need exact description in grub of your Windows entry. Example will not be yours. Best to always back up grub & grub configuration files.

sudo cp -a /boot/grub/grub.cfg /boot/grub/grub.cfg.backup
sudo cp -a /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.backup

List grub entries, you want exact Windows entry. Copy from listing into grub.

cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg  | grep menuentry

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

GRUB_DEFAULT=0

change to comment # or delete old and add new :
#GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_DEFAULT="Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda1)"

Then do:

sudo update-grub

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Setup#Specific_Entries


Equivalent to Windows Group Policies (GPO) in Ubuntu

this is kind of what LDAP is for, and there was another question on this topic a while back: How to apply group policy?


Ok, maybe found your answer a quick Google brings back to this discussion on Ask Ubuntu: Help with hauppauge wintv-hvr-2250 on ubuntu 13.04 which links to this thread: http://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/Hauppauge_WinTV-HVR-2200

I hope you are able to get the help you need


How to convert Powerpoint ppsx (presentation) to pdf?

LibreOffice supports exporting of presentations to pdf format.

All you have to do is open the presentation in Libreoffice (Impress, the PowerPoint equivalent), then go to File > Export to PDF.


The problem was that the AMD Catalyst driver was still installed, the system wasn't using it because my card is no longer supported, however it was still installed and this was in some way preventing /sys/class/drm from being there.

I uninstalled the AMD Catalyst driver and rebooted and after that I could change the power profile.

The good news is after running that command my temp dropped 15 degrees.


Infected by rootkit. How do I remove it?

It might be a false positive.

Linked from the above link. This post from 2006.


One click focus to the desktop with Gnome Shell 3.4.2

There's an extension: Show Desktop from Overview:

  A Click on an empty space in the window overview shows the desktop. That means: It minimizes all windows on the current workspace.

To install it, open the link in Firefox while GNOME Shell is active. There should be an On/Off slider next to the name of the extension:


How do I fix panic occurred error after installing dual-boot Ubuntu 12.04 alongside Win 7?

Tray 2 re-Install ubuntu from licve into the 50gb partition without a internet connection, on rebbot made the connection ON and update yuor system.


How do I block everything on a user account, except Firefox?

Easiest way:  use a nonstandard window manager (fwm, twm, flwm...) and write a custom configuration file that starts Firefox maximized by default upon login, doesn't show anything else, and doesn't expose a menu for anything except Firefox or logoff.

If using GNOME: most menu icons come from /usr/share/applications, so delete (or make not world-readable) any that you don't want target user(s) to see icons for.  Add back permissions for yourself (or other specific users) using "setfacl" or a "powerusers" group or something.

In GNOME, you'll also need to disable the "run..." key combination (otherwise a user could run "xterm", have a shell, and start anything).  See  https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/27518/how-to-fully-lock-the-gnome-panel for how to lock the panel after you remove everything that could be used to escape to a shell.


When you mention 'taskbar' I assume you are running Gnome fallback or such like and you have some kind of panel with minimised application windows. I run Xfce with a traditional bottom panel. I have set title in my .vimrc and can say that the terminal title change is reflected on the 'taskbar', or rather the bottom panel, as the screenshot below shows:

The gnome-terminal tab is the fourth window on the panel showing Vim open with a script of mine called General_Backup.

It is difficult to say why the terminal's title is failing to be reflected on your 'taskbar' (panel), but I should check your ~/.bashrc and/or ~/.bash_aliases and see if there are any problems with your PS1 or PROMPT_COMMAND settings, and see if the prompt is being reset properly.

All I can say is that I use a special PROMPT_COMMAND in my .bashrc, which I have adapted somewhat from the commented out one in /etc/bash.bashrc:

case "$TERM" in
    xterm*|rxvt*) PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "%b" "\033]0;${PWD/$HOME/~}\007"'
                  export PROMPT_COMMAND;;
               *) :;;
esac

I have found that using this PROMPT_COMMAND also allows you to have individual titles in your terminal tabs (denoting the current working directory), if you use, for example, gnome-terminal, or guake:

Using this PROMPT_COMMAND setting allows the vim window to revert to the present working directory when vim is exited; without it, Thanks for flying Vim remains all the time until the terminal is exited.

These tips should help you sort out the issue, but it may be a problem specific to your setup. If so, some further information might be necessary relating to the settings of your various programs.


Highlight Annotation is not highlighting the line i want

This will work fine if you would be working with a PDF file that displays the actual text as characters, and not as a graphic scanned from a paper document.
My guess is that your current file is a PDF obtained by scanning a document. What you see is a "photo" of the document. In addition, your PDF contains actual text (i.e., characters), obtained from optical character recognition. That makes the PDF searchable while retaining the look of the originally scanned document. The location of the (hidden) text may not agree well with the text displayed on the image of the document.
The document viewer is not to blame. You will have the issue with this file in any PDF viewer. You will not have the issue with a document that is, for example, created from within a word processor.


You can add a PPA location with the command

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:<ppa_name>

For example sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome-desktop

You can find some help on Ubuntu Documentation


GParted- how to increase size of partition near start of drive?

It's likely not letting you resize that partition because you are currently booted into it.  Try booting from a live disk (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD) with gparted (you may have to install gparted within the livedisk instance, depending on the flavor of linux or Ubuntu you have burned) and resizing the partition from there.

Also, i just remembered, you could just burn a gParted Live Disk, if you didn't want to wait to boot into an entire Ubuntu instance (http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php)


How to creates animated GIFs with irregular image display times?

I found another way. Apparently, frames in animated gif are all displayed during the same length of time.
I wrote a bit of javascript to display my pictures and play the music at the same time. Here is the complete code, if anyone is interested.

<title>FuzzyWuzzy</title>

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

<audio id="SONG">
  <source src="Fuzzy_Wuzzy_Was_A_Bear_10sec.ogg" type="audio/ogg">
  <source src="Fuzzy_Wuzzy_Was_A_Bear_10sec.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
  Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

<button onclick="openFullscreen();">Open Video in Fullscreen Mode</button>

It should function for you if you have png pictures in a sub directory called PNG, with the same names (eg : bear1_vid.png). The durations are in milliseconds and written in reverse order (because of nested setTimeout). Then you adapt it as you wish. You save the file under "something.html" and open it with a browser. (I use Firefox).
Then I could play it full screen. I added 10 seconds of silence in the beginning of my audio file and made the first picture displayed for 10 extra seconds. For the picture, you can see that in the code. To add the silence in the audio I used Audacity (put the cursor the beginning of the file and select "Generate/Silence").
I had to add these seconds to record the full screen, which is the easiest option. I used SimpleScreenRecorder, which is easy to use. You just have to remember to unselect the "record cursor" box. At the beginning of my recording, I saw Firefox opening and this silly message "This video is now fullscreen", which I haven't found how to remove (yet?). As if we didn't know the video was fullscreen.
Anyway, I ended up with a .mkv video and thought : "Nearly there. Now I just have to find how to cut off the beginning and the end of the video".
Ha.
animationmaker crashed my pc.
avidemux didn't install. Broken pipe.
vidcutter kept removing the part I wanted to keep and to save the part I wanted to remove.
oneshot wouldn't stop at 10 seconds, no matter what. It kept jumping from 9.something to 10.3 seconds.
I didn't find the "cut" command in kdenlive.
ffmpeg copied the whole video, though I had carefully set the starting time and duration.
avconv was not found by apt-cache search.
Pitivi at last did the trick. With this it is quite easy. Load the video file in the small sub-window on the left, drag it to a track, place the cursor where you want it cut. The cut button and the delete button are on the right side of the window. Once a piece is cut, you click on it to select it and you click delete. If the piece you cut off is at the beginning of the video, drag the remaining piece against the start position.
To save, don't click "Save", click "Render". You have a choice of output formats. I chose mp4 and ogv. mp4 is smaller, ogv is better quality. Rendering takes a while.
But not nearly as long as it took me to figure all that out :).


Why does software differ from desktop to desktop environment?

A more efficient question would be: Why there is so many distributions that look the same except for the logo!

Even though this may have some disadvantages as you said of reinventing the wheel, but this has many advantages. This is freedom which Linux and open source stands for.

This is power of Linux. The diversity, you can find many alternatives for the same application.

This is not weakness instead this is powerful, a person who uses Linux can have many choices to work on.

Plus, each software comes from a different background with different programming language, also developers have their personal attitude.

An important point to list here, that most of applications in Linux are community based, with non-profit developers which means those developers don't have a single company to work in, though collaboration needs union and founding a company to sponsor and direct.

Another note: Also you should note that in really most of these applications are not really reinventing the wheel, most of them depend on the same core packages, differences mostly on appearance. For example, k3b and brasero are both depend on same core package cdrecord and wodim.


Vmware Player modules not saved into Ubuntu Kernel

This might be related to the case of non-compilable VMCI Sock module (due to the changes in the kernel). Please see this link for the solution. Worked fine for me.

I've also had problems running VMWare Player after upgrading Ubuntu from 10.4 to 10.10 as it could not recompile it's modules (due to the changes in kernel) - this guide helped to solve that issue also.


Apache commands failing with: AH00141: Could not initialize random number generator

According to this Debian bug report, it looks like Apache expects a kernel function to be there, that isn't necessarily there with every kernel:

The issue is that if the library is configured (at build time) to
USE_GETRANDOM, then it assumes that the getrandom() call will be available
and
if it fails it becomes a fatal error. On my system, I don't have getrandom()
because I'm running an ancient kernel, but others could (more legitimately)
have the option disabled on a recent custom-built kernel.

The best solution would probably be to update to a more recent version of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 16.04 is more than five years or ten release cycles old and will lose support in less than a month. Or as the maintainer of the mentioned PPA put it:

With the experience of Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty EOL, I can't stress enough that you should plan ahead and have your servers already upgraded by now. Yesterday was too late.


Beginner in networking please help - file sharing

You need to have both machine in same network and shared folder on windows8 machine.

here’s what you need to run:

apt-get install samba4 to get the latest version of Samba.

apt-get install cifs-utils to get necessary files/utils required to mount Windows shares.

Then do the following:

mkdir /mnt/share

Type the following command to mount the share:

mount -t cifs //windowsmachineip/sharename -o username=user,password=urPassword /mnt/share

On older machines the shares could be mounted as follows:

mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=urPassword //windowsmachineip/sharename /mnt/share


Need to change default movie players in Kubuntu 12.04

Right click any file that you want its type to open with Totem and select Properties
Next to the "Type: " row, you will see the settings icon that says Edit file type when you hover your mouse on it.
Click it and you will see list of applications in the bottom half, move Totem or add it if its not shown.

OK, close, you are done for all file types.


Can I connect to my company's Exchange server through Kontact?

Recently I changed from Windows to Ubuntu. I had the same problem.

After a long search I founded DavMail ( http://davmail.sourceforge.net/ ).
It is a gateway which transfers all of the exchange messages to your local email client.
On the website everything is explained for Thunderbird (I'm using it as well) but maybe it is also possible with Kontact (KMail).

If you start using DavMail keep a look on the log-files. It can grow very hard (mine was more then 7Gb before I noticed, I clean these every day now by putting the following in Crontab: "@reboot > /var/log/davmail.log" ).


Thunderbird 52.9.1 (64-bit) fails to connect to server on Ubuntu 18.04

Apparently solved by removing thunderbird and its related hidden directory .thunderbird located at home. Then reinstalled thunderbird.

I am not sure this is the final and best solution, but, at least for now, is a solution.


Sharing a drive that shows up under /media

Ubuntu isn't capable of changing permissions on NTFS drives.  You could format it as EXT4.

I think there is a program which allows you to emulate changing permissions for NTFS drives, but my google-fu has failed me.


The thing is you need to restore Bootloader. Without it, you wont be able to boot Windows 7.

Now, you either install Ubuntu, and install this program named boot repair. You will have two OSes.

Or you need to find some live cd solution which can fix boot loader. I am sure if you google that "live cd boot loader fix" or something like that, you will find a solution.


The best way of debugging this is to take a look at the debug-log to see if it gives away anymore information

juju debug-log -n 1000

There have been a number of improvements in this area over the last few months. Trying again with a more up to date version of juju might help


How to change default font size in menus after Wine?

Start winecfg, select the 'Graphics' tab and increase the dpi.


After installing Ubuntu 16.04LTS restart leads to Error: Grub Rescue screen

You need a bootloader.

Use a LiveCD to boot into ubuntu and try reinstalling grub EDIT: or another bootloader /EDIT from there after upgrading the system to the newest version. I dont know if you have this boot option in the DVD of Ubuntu. Ultimate Boot CD has the option to boot installed OS.

http://www.ultimatebootcd.com/

After booting in your installed Ubuntu, follow the instructions here: https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/GRUB_2/Installation/

or

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Installing#Post-Installation

There are also a number of other bootloaders you can use like LILO or leaving the ultimate boot cd in the drive, but i think grub is kind of the standard way.


How do I export saved passwords from my firefox password manager?

The latest versions of Firefox store passwords, encrypted, in a JSON text file, logins.json, in your Firefox profile folder at /home/you/.firefox/ or /home/you/.mozilla/firefox.

This Python script will decrypt them all into a text file. Basic usage:

python firefox_decrypt.py

And answer prompt if necessary. Hit Enter on "master password" question if none set.

Update to clarify how. Do this in your home directory.

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unode/firefox_decrypt/master/firefox_decrypt.py (get raw script)
python firefox_decrypt.py > out.json (export logins to file)


Go through all folders whose names contain a given pattern

You can use find to search recursively in search_folder/ for directories (-type d) matching a specific pattern glob (e.g. -name 'af*'):

find search_folder/ -type d -name 'af*' -exec stat -c '%y %n' '{}' \;

This will then execute (-exec ... \;) the command stat -c '%y %n' '{}' on each of the search results, replacing {} with the result path, starting with the given search_folder/.

Note that I modified your stat output to include the file name/path %n in the result, because otherwise you wouldn't see what file each modification date belongs to.


How can I change the network configuration on Ubuntu 14.04 server?

The correct way to get the system to re-read and use the changed /etc/network/interfaces file is:

sudo ifdown eth1 && sudo ifup -v eth1

The '-v' for verbose should produce output to judge if the changes were made successfully. Check:

ifconfig
ping -c3 www.google.com


Remove line:

AutostartCondition=GNOME3 unless-session gnome

from gnome-screensaver.desktop. It fixes this issue for me.


How do I set up a jabber server that supports jingle?

Server support is not required for Jingle, as the clients communicate directly and only use the XMPP channel for negotiating.


No wifi internet connection on ubuntu 14.04 (dual boot with windows 8.1)

You might try to enable Additional Drivers in System settings > Software and update. If your card needs additional driver to operate properly, then you have to install it. The installation might need temporary wired internet connection to download the necessary packages.


You downloaded the Ubuntu for 64-bit processor architecture. However, you need the one for 32-bit architecture. You can find it here http://releases.ubuntu.com/xenial/ubuntu-16.04.2-desktop-i386.iso


installing googale (גוגלה) children's website on ubuntu

Two evenings of research, trial and error, led me to get it running on my Ubuntu.

If you want to get it running on Ubuntu you would have to follow these steps.

Please note that I tested it only on my box which is Ubuntu 16.04

install Firefox Extended Support Release that can the Silverlight plugin

1.1 To prevent your all this hard work from being viciously reverted by firefox-ESR being updated automatically and replace with a regular firefox that can't run silverlight, I recommend holding the firefox version thus preventing the package manage from updating firefox. see more at this post

sudo apt-mark hold firefox

install pipelight and Microsoft font packages. The font package is needed to display Hebrew fonts, specifically Arial.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pipelight/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pipelight-multi ttf-mscorefonts-installer
sudo pipelight-plugin --update

enable Silverlight

sudo pipelight-plugin --enable silverlight #Agree to licensing, but DO NOT touch wininit
sudo pipelight-plugin --create-mozilla-plugins #In case you don't see the Wine dialogs

If all went well, you should see some prompts about Wine downloading and installing Silverlight 5.1 when you start Firefox. But you're not done yet. Do the following to refresh the plugin database, since at least in my experience, Silverlight does not show in Firefox right away;

Go to about:support and open your profile directory.
exit your browser
delete from your profile directory pluginreg.dat

See more at this community post about pipelight
start firefox, go to gogale website and enjoy


how to switch python 2.7 to python 3.7 in ubuntu 19.10

There is no need to use Anaconda or any other third party packages.

Both Ubuntu 19.04 and Ubuntu 19.10 come with Python 3.7 as default Python version.

You can check this with python3 --version in a terminal.

python will and also should refer to Python 2 - this was decided in order to not brake compatibility. Do not try to change this, or you could break parts of your system.

https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0394/


Why do I have poor video capture quality, and how can I improve it?

A good application that can be used to adjust webcam and video quality is Video4Linux Control Centre

This program allows you to change various parameters such as brightness, sharpness and contrast to hopefully improve the quality of your webcam/video capture device's picture quality.

To see the effects of any adjustments you are making you can use Skype. Enter the Skype options menu and select Video Devices and click the Test button. With this window open launch Video4Linux Control Centre and any changes you make to the settings can be seen to take effect in the preview window of Skype (You can double click the preview window to view this full screen). Or you could use a dedicated webcam application such as Cheese to view your video device's picture as you make changes.


No sound with HP 500-016 running Ubuntu 14.04

Go to Terminal and run alsamixer. From there, go to Auto-mute and set it to "Disabled".

Then go to LoopBack and select "Enabled".  That worked for me. If it does not for you, try other combinations.

atonit.


LCD Brightness Control

Once you have installed the proprietary Nvidia drivers as suggested above, you may notice that your brightness control keys do not work properly. This is fixable by editing one's xorg.conf file. Open a terminal window and type the following:

sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf

This will open your X server configuration (after prompting for your password). You should see a section titled "Device" that looks as follows:

Section "Device"
        Identifier      "Default Device"
        Driver  "nvidia"
        Option  "NoLogo"        "True"
EndSection

Append a line so it appears like this:

Section "Device"
        Identifier      "Default Device"
        Driver  "nvidia"
        Option  "NoLogo"        "True"
        Option "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"
EndSection

You will need to restart your graphical server (or reboot) for this change to take effect.


Samba shares grant access to all users: permissions not working

You can try the invalid user option on each share, or consider exporting their home folders.

Are you using a single Windows computer with multiple users?

change world permissions - chmod 0770
change the ownership of users sub-folder - chown user:*

useful links:

https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/manpages-3/smb.conf.5.html

https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/samba-fileserver.html


Problem with background on Ubuntu 13.04?

Ubuntu 13.04 is currently still in development so this will likely be resolved once it releases.
And it is policy not to answer to bugs in dev versions.

But to at least give you a hint, could you check if the 'backgrounds' folder is present and has pictures in it?
To do this type

nautilus /usr/share/backgrounds


Full font hinting for urxvt in Ubuntu 19.04?

Full font hinting is done with lines like Xft*hintstyle: hintfull and Xft*hinting: true. They can be added to your ~/.Xdefaults file.  Here are some lines in mine:

Xft*dpi: 82
Xft*antialias: true
Xft*hinting: true
Xft*rgba: rgb
Xft*autohint: false
Xft*hintstyle: hintfull
Xft*lcdfilter: lcddefault

URxvt*letterSpace: -2

There are many things that you can add like also choosing different fonts, etc.  You can play around with the settings till you get something you like.  Everybody's different.:

URxvt.intensityStyles: false
URxvt.allow_bold: false
URxvt.font: xft:Ubuntu Mono:style=Regular:pixelsize=17
URxvt.boldFont: xft:Ubuntu Mono:style=Bold:pixelsize=17
URxvt.saveLines: 8192

After you launch urxvt it should look something like the following:

Hope this helps (some)!


The 4: prefix to the version number is called the epoc.  It is a way for Debian ( and hence Ubuntu, as a derived distribution ) to create a version of a package that is considered higher than previous versions, even if the regular version number is not.  Sometimes various circumstances conspire to cause the need to release a new package that otherwise appears to go backwards in version number, and that is when the epoc is incremented.


EDIT:

If there is a /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf file, it is actually not needed in Ubuntu Mate 16.04.  I just tested this in a VM, and I removed the file altogether sudo rm /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, and rebooted.  Now it shows me the greeter with the login.

There is probably an autologin setting in the /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf file.  I had the same issue till I commented out the line so now it looks like this:

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:/etc/lightdm$ cat lightdm.conf
[Seat:*]
#autologin-user=terrance

This line can be commented out with one command:

sudo bash -c 'sed -i "s/autologin/#autologin/" /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf'

When you reboot, it should now ask for user and password.

Hope this helps!


Maybe you have figured it out already, but I have gotten it to work (also Octave 4.2.1) FWIW here are the steps:
Install the MKL library, then set up update-alternatives:
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/lib/libblas.so libblas.so  /opt/intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_rt.so 50

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/lib/libblas.so.3 libblas.so.3 /opt/intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_rt.so 50

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/lib/liblapack.so  liblapack.so  /opt/intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_rt.so 50

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/lib/liblapack.so.3 liblapack.so.3 /opt/intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_rt.so 50

Now create a file mkl.conf in /etc/ld.so.conf.d with the paths as entries:
/opt/intel/lib/intel64

/opt/intel/mkl/lib/intel64

Then run in the terminal
sudo ldconfig

Now use update-alternatives configure to use mkl as your default blas
To check if octave is using mkl, start octave, open a terminal and type
ps aux | grep octave

My output shows 3 processes, the second one looks like
my_user_name  6032  6.4  1.7 1454636 103952 ?      Ssl  08:05   0:01 /usr/local/libexec/octave/4.2.1/exec/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/octave-gui --force-gui

note the PID (6032 here) then in the terminal run
lsof -p 6032 | grep 'mkl' (change 6032 to your process's PID)

My output is
octave-gu 6032  my_user_name  mem  REG  8,2  5461454 4594702 /opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries_2017.2.174/linux/mkl/lib/intel64_lin/libmkl_rt.so

If it is not using mkl it wouldn't show anything.
You don't need to compile octave with MKL, Octave uses whatever blas library linked to /usr/lib/libblas and /usr/lib/libbapack dynamically.You can switch with update-alternatives and octave will use the one you choose. I compiled octave 4.2.1 before I had MKL, I was using openblas as my blas when I compiled.
In my machine MKL is actually not faster than openblas if the latter is built to optimised for the hardware (rather than installed straight from the repo).

USE WITH CAUTION, This seems to give wrong results for large matrices. See this bug report

As mentioned in the comments, you will have to run LD_PRELOAD=/opt/intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_rt.so octave to use Intel MKL with Octave. You can edit the desktop file to make this default.
If you regularly use octave-cli, you can also make a new launcher /usr/bin/octave-mkl (with contents LD_PRELOAD=/opt/intel/mkl/lib/intel64/libmkl_rt.so octave-cli) to launch octave-cli with MKL from Terminal.
Test: This is my code, which will produce real part of the eigenvalue having the largest real part of the 500x500 matrix c whose elements are c(i,j) = sin(i + j^2) .
for a = 1:500
    for b = 1:500
        c(a,b) = sin(a + b^2);
    endfor
endfor

g = eig(c);
max(real(g))

Without MKL the output is ans =  16.915
With MKL the output is ans = 1.2196e+05, and the answer keeps oscillating with every run, but it is always in order of 10^5-10^6,which is wrong.


Installing Ubuntu on the SSD of ASUS Vivobook S400CA

I've just got an Asus Vivobook S46CA (i7 / 6GB RAM / 20GB SSD / 1TB HDD), with Windows 8 pre-installed by factory.

I've tried a bit to install the Ubuntu 14 as a dual boot with Windows 8. But I was not successful. So I have decided to remove Windows and install Ubuntu 14. Be aware that I'm a beginner in Linux world and my answer might be improved somehow by a more experienced user. But the configuration below has worked up to now.

What I've done with the partitions:

20GB SSD:
. 10GB for /
. 3GB for /var
. 1GB for /tmp
. 6GB for swap
I've based my partitioning on Ubuntu's official installation manual. Please refer to that document.

1TB HDD:
. 200GB for /usr
. 400GB for /home
. 400GB for /DATA (personal media files)

That has worked pretty fine (1 day after). I've formatted all partitions as "primary" and EXT4. It feels that the speed was improved. The boot loader was kept at the 1TB HDD. Everything was done using Ubuntu's 14.10 live session CD, GParted (to remove the old Windows 8 partitions and set the new partitions configuration), and the Ubuntu's installation wizard.


Root path for saved queries in pgAdmin 4

On my kubuntu 18.04 it is /var/lib/pgadmin/storage/.

For Windows, see here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/41849894/1668200


Does ubuntu make computer heat up more than windows?

So the question is "Does Linux Cause More Heat Than Windows In
  General"?

In short your answer is Yes. Linux in general will generate more heat and give you less battery life as compared to Windows due to the face  open source drivers doesn't do power management well and is by default set to run on full power all the time.

The problem is probably in some of your drivers. you have to search for your problem and try other drivers if you find the problem but mostly is your graphics.

you can read these discussions here and here.


Apache rewrite URL not working in vhost.conf

Is it maybe just a typo?

      ServerName myswever.com
      ServerAlias *.myswever.com
      Redirect permanent / https://www.myswever.com/

myswever?

Otherwise check if there are other configs active, with

a2ensite

deactivate with

a2dissite

Also check if there is another config creating this under

/etc/apache2/*.conf
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/*

BTW your vhost.conf is for Port 80 which is plain HTTP, your redirect goes to HTTPS, Port 443. If you don't avtivate mod_ssl and add/extend the vhost config for port 443, the https redirect won't work.

Your standard apache page suggests you still have an active default config, which you can delete, it should be in the folder /etc/apache2/sites-available/* and if it is active there will be a symlink to /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/* for this config. Both commands above show all active or inactive configs and they will simply delete the symlink for this config under /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/*

Hope that helps,
s1mmel


To fine tune Unity effects you can use compizconfig-settings-manager. If you don't already have it you can install it by first enabling the Universe Repository and then installing the package via either the software center or with the command sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

When you run it you will receive a warning as shown below:

This is the moment when you should consider whether you have a recent backup This warning exists because many people got themselves in trouble by disabling the Unity Plugin entirely. Since we have current backups, we will click OK and continue.

I can't stress enough that if you find your self looking at the screen below, DO NOT UNCHECK the box in the left column of the window:

Most of the heavier effects are handled by compiz Effects - Choose Effects from the right hand column and you should see something like this:

Unchecking all the boxes on this page should turn off unnecessary eye candy and result in reasonably good performance. You can of course experiment with other settings and evaluate the impact on performance on your particular system. Personally, I leave Animations and Fading Windows on as they don't seem to have a major impact on performance on my hardware, but turning them off does have a positive impact on performance.


Is it safe to install drivers for 14.04 LTS on 16.04 LTS?

You can use 'Software and Updates' in Ubuntu to install necessary drivers, just select the 'Additional Drivers' tab, let it scan, and if there are drivers that need to be installed, click 'Apply Changes'.


ubuntu 14.04 :: Grub loader is not visible

Install grub customizer from the command line by opening a terminal window and typing:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

Launch grub customizer by typing:

grub-customizer

On the GUI that shows up:

Click the 'General settings' tab
Under 'visibility' toggle the 'show menu' toggle box

Image Here

To then apply your changes:

Click 'Save' on the left-hand side of the toolbar up the top of the GUI
Go 'File' -> 'Install to MBR'


Broken graphics after upgrading to 20.04

As I was suspecting, the compositing windows manager was the culprit. I disabled it in Window Preferences> General and everything now works flawlessly.


Do this:

LS_COLORS="mh=44;37" ls -l

And you may edit your ~/.profile to change LS_COLORS accordingly.

Background

This feature was enabled as default in 2008 has been disabled by default in 2009. Somehow the freeze for Ubuntu 10.04 was exactly in between those moments.

Using the Git repository of coreutils I see that the commit to revert automatic colourization has been in since version 7.5:

git tag --contains 0df338f6719ec2bcf1e1dea2d8b12dc66daf8a1e
v7.5
v7.6
[...]

In versions before 7.1 there seems no upstream maintained support for this:

git tag --contains 1e48b1fee5fa2ad2d1802771eafbfcddb38a24cb
v7.1
v7.2
[...]

The source file multihardlink.sh, lead me to the exact LS_COLORS value to enable it again.

You may want to reopen LP Bug #123423.


Google Chrome 20: How to workaround poor performance with Flash?

I'm having the same problem when using the Chrome version of Flash Player.  Temporary workaround:

Install the adobe-flashplugin package
In Chrome, go to: chrome://plugins/
Disable the /opt/google/chrome/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so instance of Flash Player
Restart Chrome


Compiz with Intel video card not working after upgrade to 11.04

Compiz is disabled by default if you're using classic desktop.

First you need to disable Ubuntu Unity Plugin from CompizConfigSettings-manager.

Then you can run compiz with:

compiz --replace

You may also want to make a startup task to run compiz every time you boot Ubuntu.

You can do this from Preferences -> Startup Applications


How do i transcode all files in a directory with ffmpeg

for file in *.avi; do ffmpeg -i "$file" "${file%.avi}".webm; done

This is a Bash "for loop" and is great for repeating tasks. Section by section:

for file in *.avi;

file will become the variable in the next section that will refer to each particular avi in the current directory for every successive loop.

What to customize:

file could be re-named just about anything: i and f seem to be commonly used.
You can change *.avi to whatever input format you need, such as *.mkv.

do ffmpeg -i "$file" "${file%.avi}".webm;

This will run ffmpeg for each avi. The part in curly braces is using parameter expansion to remove the .avi part of the file name. For example, if an avi file is named dog.avi, then the output will be named dog.webm. If you simply use "$file.webm" for the output, then the output would end up as dog.avi.webm.

What to customize:

You can add any ffmpeg options as usual.
The %. part should use the same extension as in the for file in section, or you could change %.avi to %.* as a wildcard.
.webm can be changed to whatever output container format you need.

If you want the new files to be outputted to a directory named newvids, then make the new directory and change the command to: "newvids/${file%.avi}.webm"

done

This tells the loop that the command has finished, and now $file can refer to the next avi.


I can't seem to close byobu splits using alt f5

I believe the hot key you're looking for is Ctrl-F6.

Full disclosure: I am the author and maintainer of Byobu.


how to pass string comand to shell pipe to execute it (output of awk)

You are passing a string to the shell - however the string you are passing is 1
To pass echo 1 you need something like
echo 'echo 1' | /bin/sh

or
printf '%s' 'echo 1' | /bin/sh

(outside of awk, you don't need to quote /bin/sh).


Seems that the login manager had changed to lightdm (which is possibly mis-configured). Changing back to sddm fixed this issue.


Running "heavyweight" applications with lightweight Desktop Environments

In short, "Yes". One of the benefits of Linux is it's ability to share common libraries/dependencies among different running applications. Because of this, many users are firmly rooted to GTK, QT, KDE , etc. and will refuse to install apps that have dependencies falling outside of their chosen camp. This line of thinking can have very practical benefits on a low resource machine. Imagine three applications, all based in different tool-kits are running on a single computer. Those applications will then need all their own tool-kit libraries loaded into ram in order to function, even though many of those libraries perform similar functions. Now imagine three apps all running on a some computer, but they are all Gnome-based. In this case, all three Gnome apps can share the same libraries in your ram. As you can see, tool-kit loyalty can certainly decrease your ram usage. As well as decrease data transfer from your hard disk as the system will be retrieving less dependencies.

The flip-side to this is that if you have a relatively modern computer you may not notice any difference at all. Multi-core processors, solid-state drives, and gobs of cheap ram make many of these considerations moot. Your biggest concern may actually be that a KDE app doesn't look "right" on your GTK+ desktop.

In the final analysis, you would have to gauge yourself as to whether your machine is bogging down under the load. If it still feels like normal, then don't worry about it. Enjoy using the applications you like. If it's dragging, then you may have to reconsider looking at some GTK options for future use. Good luck, hope this helps!


How to partially upgrade Ubuntu 11.10 from Ubuntu 11.04?

Upgrade using alternate-ubuntu iso
it is better for slower connections
it may solve your problem


Start command doesn't return for upstart script in Ubuntu?

You likely have multiple problems here:

1) expect fork. Script section keeps waiting for a fork to happen and hangs waiting for it.

2) Server not coming up. Upstart script section is run as root, and lacks all of the environment. You say it works if you paste it on command line, that is because you are not root and you have environment.

If mono is expected to fork for real, then fixing 2 fixes also 1. Otherwise remove expect fork.

See Upstart Cookbook at http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/#id94 for user jobs, it'll likely solve your problem 2.


using the gsettings command line api, you should be able to access both
i.e. these command line commands will get the current values

$ gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.mouse natural-scroll

This returns false for me.
for touchpad

$ gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad natural-scroll

Then to change, change the get argument to set and pass a value on the end, e.g.

$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad natural-scroll true
            ^^^                                                       ^^^^

and obviously repeat the process for the mouse if you want to change that as well.


./words part of Legible Latin does not run under Ubuntu 18.04.1

The problem was solved by installing first lib32ncurses5 and then lib32gcc-4.8-dev (based on the solutions proposed here: How to Compile 32-bit Apps on 64-bit Ubuntu?)


Ubuntu 12.04 HybridGraphics (ATI and Intel) problem (Acer Aspire 7745g)

First off, you should install Intel drivers:

apt-get install mesa-utils
Then it's time to install ATI drivers, open dash and type jockey

See if Additional Drivers is enabled, if not, try to enable them

There's also a good wiki on switching from discrete and integrated cards here https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HybridGraphics


Some years ago we had a machine that did the same thing. It was as if it ran at a tenth of it's actual clock speed. When we used the recovery kernel it was nice and fast, but it only recognised 1GB of memory. After compiling many many kernels and trying all sorts of things we eventually struck on the real problem: There is a bug in some intel chipsets where a piece of very slow memory right at the top isn't correctly mapped, and of course this is where the kernel is loaded, so the slowness was because the kernel was loaded into very slow ram.

The fix was to pass the mem= boot parameter and sacrifice a 100MB or RAM right at the top. This was also why the recovery kernel worked so well, it loaded the kernel below 1GB instead and avoided this block of memory.


I don't know any software. Google didn't come up with something either. Guess this is too simple a problem. It should be about 30 lines of code if you wrote it in a scripting language. You could also create a LibreOffice spreadsheet to do that. Shouldn't be terribly difficult.

Edit 1:

Below is a quick and dirty perl script I coded. You should be able to modify it yourself. When you run it with perl nameOfTheScript.pl or make it executable with chmod u+x nameOfTheScript.pl and then double click it, it will look like in the picture above.

#!/usr/bin/perl
# © 2011 con-f-use@gmx.net. Use permitted under MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
use Gtk2 '-init'; # relies on the gnome toolkit bindings for perl

$size = 1e5;   # fontsize in 0.001 pt (only god knows why)

sub randomizeLabel {   #### this does the actual randomisation
    $min = int($entry1->get_text);
    $max = int($entry2->get_text);
    $rand = int(rand($max-$min+1)) + $min;
    $diplabel->set_markup( "$rand" );
}
#### the rest is gui stuff:
$window = Gtk2::Window->new('toplevel');
$window->set_title('Random Integer Generator');
$window->signal_connect(destroy => sub { Gtk2->main_quit; });
$window->signal_connect(delete_event => sub { Gtk2->main_quit; });
$window->set_border_width(10);
$vbox = Gtk2::VBox->new(0, 5);   $window->add($vbox); $vbox->show;

$diplabel = Gtk2::Label->new;
$diplabel->set_markup("0");
$vbox->add($diplabel);          $diplabel->show;

$entry1 = Gtk2::Entry->new;     $vbox->add($entry1);    $entry1->show;
$entry2 = Gtk2::Entry->new;     $vbox->add($entry2);    $entry2->show;

$button = Gtk2::Button->new("Generate!");
$button->signal_connect(clicked => \&randomizeLabel, $window);
$vbox->add($button);            $button->show;

$window->show;    Gtk2->main;
exit 0;

Edit2

ObsessiveFOSS asked me to include another generator for random numbers (as it is this script uses Perl's build-in one). You can see a sketch on howto do it in my other answer.


sorry! I figured it out. Problem solved. I just had to sign in chrome from this device, which means that, not only do you have to be signed in your google account, but also you should sign in chrome with your google account.


How to capture all visited URLs on the command line?

Network traffic capturing is possible but messy. There are many applications running on my computer that communicate over HTML and they would fill a log up with their automated API handling and wouldn't reflect what I was visiting.

And as you correctly say, it won't show you HTTPS. The URL is an encrypted part of the request.

I would target the browser directly. These keep a decent enough history in a SQLite3 database which makes querying them pretty simple once you have the sqlite3 package installed (sudo apt-get install sqlite3). You can simply run:

sqlite3 ~/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/places.sqlite "select url from moz_places order by last_visit_date desc limit 10;"

And that will output the last 10 URLs you visited.

Chrome has a similar setup and can be queried equally simply:

sqlite3 ~/.config/google-chrome/Default/History "select url from urls order by last_visit_time desc limit 10;"

This works but I had some database locking issues with Chrome. It seems much more reliable in Firefox. The only way around the database lock I found was to make a copy of the database. This works even when the main DB is locked up and shouldn't cause issues:

cp ~/.config/google-chrome/Default/History history.tmp
sqlite3 history.tmp "select url from urls order by last_visit_time desc limit 10;"
rm history.tmp

This approach might even be advisable for Firefox too. FF doesn't appear to lock (or takes shorter locks) but I'm not sure what would happen if you caught it mid-write.

To turn this into a live display, it's either something you would need to poll (it's not that involved a SQL query, so that might be fine) or use something like inotifywait to monitor the database file for changes.


Can't create application launcher in Lubuntu 14.04

On Ubuntu 14.04 I used the method given on http://www.geekyboy.com/archives/384

In command line run:

gnome-desktop-item-edit ~/Desktop/ --create-new

which starts the GUI app for creating new application launcher on the Desktop.

If the command doesn't exist on your system you can install it with

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends gnome-panel

-- rpr.


Bash script -- store `curl` output in variable, then format against string in variable

In general there are more appropriate ways of parsing JSON objects, but since in this case the JSON object is very simple you may store curl's output in a variable (which is possible) and just use AWK:

var="$(curl ipinfo.io/"8.8.8.8" 2>/dev/null)"
<<<"$var" awk -F'"' '$2=="city"{printf("%s, ", $4)}$2=="region"{print $4}'

% var="$(curl ipinfo.io/"8.8.8.8" 2>/dev/null)"
% <<<"$var" awk -F'"' '$2=="city"{printf("%s, ", $4)}$2=="region"{print $4}'
Mountain View, California

However unless you want to use curl's output multiple times you may just use a pipe:

curl ipinfo.io/"8.8.8.8" 2>/dev/null | awk -F'"' '$2=="city"{printf("%s, ", $4)}$2=="region"{print $4}'

curl ipinfo.io/"8.8.8.8" 2>/dev/null | awk -F'"' '$2=="city"{printf("%s, ", $4)}$2=="region"{print $4}'
Mountain View, California

<<< is a form of input redirection called "here string"; it redirects the STDIN of a command from the terminal to a string.

What happens here is that $var is expanded between the double quotes; the STDIN of the AWK command is redirected from the terminal to the expanded string and AWK consequently reads the string as its input file.


How to install unity3D 2019 in ubuntu 19.10?

Unity doesn't support 19.10 only 18.04 at the moment.
But to get it working 19.10 you need to download UnityHub, but there is also flatpak as well (which seems to be fine).

Install libgtk package using

sudo apt install libgtk2.0-0:i386

If you don't have it, it won't open for some reason. But if you open from terminal, it will give you some errors which lead me to this link : error while loading shared libraries: libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0: No such file or directory
You'll probably get some blank error messages in the console.

Add this line

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main

at the end of /etc/apt/sources.list file (source).
Then

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y && sudo apt install libssl1.0

I think you need install it, I can't actually remember, maybe just update/upgrade is enough
You will probably get some burst compiler errors, so just install

sudo apt install libncurses5

and you are off to the races, as said from this link

There are also other issues with Unity in Linux but so far, these are main ones to get you up and running.

Also visit the Linux Editor forum, there are lot of people there reporting/solving issues. But also most importantly, report issues official to Unity. Its the only way to Linux editor will get better.


Remote desktop from any location to my Ubuntu PC

You can tunnel RDP over ssh.

On the PC, apt install openssh-server

I recommend disabling the password authentication and using public key authentication only. Follow these instructions to generate a keypair on your laptop, and copy the public key to your PC. Then add the line PasswordAuthentication no to your /etc/ssh/sshd_config and run sudo service ssh reload. You can skip this step and just use your password to authenticate, but be warned, you will face regular brute force cracking attempts on the Internet.

When connecting with ssh from your laptop to the PC, add a port forwarding option like this:

ssh -L3389:localhost:3389 <address_of_PC>
Once the connection is established, you will be able to connect your RDP client on the laptop to localhost:3389. ssh will be listening there, and forward everything over the secure connection.
Using this method you do not need or want to open the 3389 port in your PC's firewall, because as far as the RDP server is concerned the connection will be coming from localhost (the ssh server). Only port 22 needs to be open, for ssh.
edit: Sorry, don't know how I missed that your laptop is running Windows. If you are using a command line ssh client there, it probably works the same way as above. If you are using PuTTy, you can set up port forwarding there using these instructions.


Lubuntu stuck on "Started bpfilter" when boot

i upgraded to ubuntu 19.04 and the same thing happened to me. if you reboot and go to start menu, ubuntu key down to ubuntu recovery and enter it will go through the menus and end up to the start menu boot normaly press enter and it should work. i have a dual boot on my computer


How to close a non-reponsive dialog when it's secondary dialog is hidden?

In terminal (open a terminal window with CTR+ALT+T)

type:

kill $(pgrep name-of-application-here)

example:

kill $(pgrep drivers)

This will kill all processes that have that phrase in the title

pgrep returns the pid # number of a process that you know the name of.

Try:

pgrep terminal


According to http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/05/ubuntu-touch-for-phones-to-be-usable-by-end-of-may all indications are Ubuntu Touch for the phone isn't ready for every day use yet. According to https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Porting Ubuntu Touch is basically runing on top of CyanogenMod, so if you device is supported at http://www.cyanogenmod.org/ is will probably support Ubuntu Touch.


Cannot install Molch EncFS Manager from tar.gz because ./configure file does not exist

try NOT to use encFS as it has reasonable security problems, you are better off with luks or gocryptfs


First, please do not copy text as pictures.

Second, you're attempting to copy the file to /triSurface, which is probably not a directory that exists, nor should it exist.

Your users files are typically in /home/username/, often abbreviated ~.

You probably want to copy the file to ~/triSurface/, not /triSurface. If ~/triSurface does not exist, you can create the directory with mkdir ~/triSurface.

In general only root is able to modify files outside of /tmp and your home directory. /tmp is, as name indicates, used only for temporary files, and not intended for persistent storage.


14.04 LTS No Dash / Launcher after update through Software Updater

I had a similar problem, I solved it by switching in terminal (CTRL+ALT+F1) then removing the configuration file ~/.config/dconf/user like this :

(! this action will remove your gnome 3 settings !)

sudo service lightdm stop
rm ~/.config/dconf/user
sudo service lightdm start


This is a partial solution, as I couldn't figure out why it doesn't work for active window.

As mentioned by chaskes, decoration transparency now is defined by themes using CSS (property or external background image).

Tested with Ambiance theme:

modified

/usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/apps/unity.css

by commenting background-image of UnityDecoration.top and UnityDecoration.top:backdrop leaving background-color: transparent;

UnityDecoration.top {
    ...
    background-color: transparent;
    ...
    /*
    background-image: -gtk-gradient (linear, left top, left bottom,
                                     from (shade (@dark_bg_color, 1.5)),
                                     to (shade (@dark_bg_color, 1.04)));
    */
    ...
}

UnityDecoration.top:backdrop {
    ...
    background-color: transparent;
    ...
    /*
    background-image: -gtk-gradient (linear, left top, left bottom,
                                     from (shade (#474642, 0.92)),
                                     to (@dark_bg_color));
    */
}


how to disable third party repositories ubuntu 12.04

You can disable third party repository by following any of two ways:

Execute this command in terminal

sudo software-properties-gtk

In Software Sources window go to Other Softwares .tab and delete or uncheck the repositories listed there. First delete/uncheck the repositories except first four. If it doesn't solve your issue then Uncheck the first four also. Close and run sudo apt-get update
You can also disable by following these steps:

Ubuntu Software Center > Edit > Software Sources > Other Software tab > clear/uncheck the check-boxes. Follow the same rule as given in 1st method.

3rd part repository provides additional packages/software which are generally not available in default Ubuntu repository. So disabling it would not cause any issue.

Reply if something goes wrong..


Connect internal SSD as external via USB

Most external drive enclosures are compatible with Linux. Just because Amazon says "compatible with windows and macOS" doesn't mean that the 2.5" external drive enclosure isn't compatible with Linux too. Are you sure that you plugged the SSD firmly and securely into the 2.5" external drive enclosure, and that the USB cable isn't damaged and is connected securely? If the aforementioned doesn't work try inserting the USB cable into a different USB port.


Types of live USB devices

USB 2.0 flash drive
USB 3.0 flash drive
portable (small enough to fit in your pocket) external SSD
external hard drive (SSD is much faster than HDD)

There are two types of Ubuntu installations on a USB flash drive, a full installation of Ubuntu on a USB flash drive and an Ubuntu live USB which is not a full installation of Ubuntu on a USB flash drive, also known as an Ubuntu live USB. Neither type of Ubuntu installation on a USB device is the equal of a dual boot-ed Ubuntu operating system due to performance and wear limitations inherent in USB drive media. Start with whatever >=16GB USB flash drive you already have, and if you can't get the performance that you need then upgrade to an external SSD.

Full Installation of Ubuntu on a USB flash drive
The process of doing a full installation of Ubuntu to a USB flash drive is identical to installing Ubuntu on a hard drive except for the installing the GRUB bootloader. All of the steps to follow in the Ubuntu installer are identical except for installing the GRUB bootloader. Installing the GRUB bootloader on the USB flash drive will replace the existing GRUB bootloader on the hard drive which you don't want to do, unless you disconnect the cables to your hard drive(s) first before you start the Ubuntu installer to do a full installation of Ubuntu on a USB flash drive. So disconnect the hard drives first, then you can install Ubuntu on a USB flash drive.
You can alternatively do a full installation of Ubuntu on a USB flash drive without disconnecting the internal hard drive cables first by selecting the Something else option in the Installation type screen of the Ubuntu installer. You need to create only a single / partition (root partition), no swap partition, and change the installation of the grub bootloader to the USB flash drive. Double-check your partitioning choices that everything that will be changed is only changed on the USB flash drive, then click the Install Now button in the lower right corner.
Additional information about a full installation of Ubuntu on a USB flash drive.

I recommend that the USB flash drive be at least 32GB. This is consistent with the recommended >=25GB disk space for Ubuntu.
A USB 3.0 flash drive is a lot faster than a USB 2.0 flash drive.
The advantage of using a USB flash drive lies in its portability, not in its performance. The performance of a full install of Ubuntu on a 32GB USB flash drive is nothing like what you would get from running Ubuntu in a virtual machine application such as VirtualBox.


Is it safe to do dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/

The command dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda2 (needs to run as root or with sudo) does only overwrite the complete /dev/sda2 partition with zero-bytes, nothing else.

It will neither affect other partitions nor the partition table.

Only if you have a SSD, you should not do this, because the memory cells of an SSD wear out by overwriting them and because a software block address does not correspond to a fixed hardware memory cell. That means you can not overwrite a specific memory cell anyway.


Computer only runs memtest, cannot find files in grub

I advise running Boot repair as Organic Marble suggested.

Make a live USB/CD of Ubuntu, and boot your PC in that.

Then open a terminal and type the following, pressing enter after each line

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Then try the recommended repair option. Once that is complete, reboot your PC back into your hard drive and GRUB should work again!


Perhaps Kubuntu use their own package for Ubuntu font now ...
Download correct files from Ubuntu Font Family, remove broken packages, and reinstall.

Other version that's some theme in your Kubuntu installation has regular font style and disabled interface logic related to change this style.
If yes, then I think near future they planned to fix this. Not exactly, subjectively.


How can I find out the command line corresponding to choosing an application to open a file in desktop environment?

the example you choose is masterpdfeditor4
for me, when I want to find out the command that belongs to a desktop app.
after opening the app. ' ps -A ' to find out which process is created. then the name would be the command used to open the application in terminal.


A properly configured system, like yours, does not allow successful logins (even with su or sudo -u) as bind. But you can run commands as bind--even a shell, if you need to.
Why This Is (And Should Be) Happening
The user bind is not a user who should be able to log in. This is by design.
bind:x:107:119::/var/cache/bind:/bin/false
/bin/false is bind's login shell. false is not a real shell like sh or bash. Instead, it performs no action, and signals to the calling process that it failed. Configuring a user with /bin/false as its shell is one of the standard ways to make it (potentially) possible to authenticate as the user to run commands, but not possible to effectively log in as the user. When a user has /bin/false as its shell, this is what happens when the user logs on:

Authentication occurs. Assuming it succeeds...
The shell, /bin/false, is invoked.
The shell immediately exits.
Since the login shell has exited, the login session is terminated.
Now you're back to being root, so commands like whoami show you as root.

If you change your configuration to make it possible for bind to log in, then depending on how you do it and other details of your configuration, you may render your system insecure. You almost certainly should not do this.
Why This Happens Even With /bin/bash Replacing /bin/false
If you modified /etc/passwd directly, I believe it is possible that cached data has not been updated. If you reboot, the problem will likely be solved. But as explained above, this is not really a good idea. If you haven't done so already, I recommend (carefully) editing that line back to the original version (with /bin/false).
Running Commands As bind
Instead, if you really need to run a command as the user bind, use sudo to run the specific command:
sudo -u bind command
And if you really need to run a login shell as the user bind, use sudo to run a shell as bind, and tell the shell to act like an initial login shell:
sudo -u bind bash -l
Replace bash with the name of the shell you want to use, if different.
The -l flag makes bash act like a login shell (see man bash). This corresponds functionally to su - bind (see man su) or sudo -i bind (see man sudo). Except, the shell you specify (in this example, bash) runs, instead of /bin/false.
If you want something that corresponds to su bind or sudo -s bind (a shell that is not a login shell and that mostly keeps the caller's environment variables, including HOME), but runs /bin/bash instead of /bin/false, use this command:
sudo -u bind bash
If for some reason you wanted to use su (running it as root) to run a command as bind, you can accomplish that with the -c flag:
su bind -c command
Things Not To Do

It's possible to use usermod to change bind's shell from /bin/false to something else. This would make it possible for administrators to use sudo -u -i bind or sudo -u -s bind, and root to use su bind, at least if done properly. But you should almost certainly not do this--it violates the design assumption that no one can log in as bind.
You can even run sudo passwd bind set a password for bind, so that anyone (except guest) can log in as bind with su, if they know the password. This would also make it possible to log in as bind on a virtual console, via SSH, and possibly even with the graphical login screen. Setting a password for bind is even worse than changing its login shell, and you should not do this.

As detailed above, you don't need to do either of these things.


Type the command in the terminal to check if the package that installs that command is available from the default Ubuntu repositories.

This example shows that command 'foo' is not found, and suggests some apt and snap packages that provide commands that have names similar to foo. Note the $ command prompt which indicates that the command is supposed to be run as normal user, not root.

$ foo

Command 'foo' not found, did you mean:

  command 'roo' from snap roo (2.0.3)
  command 'fox' from deb objcryst-fox
  command 'woo' from deb python-woo
  command 'fog' from deb ruby-fog
  command 'goo' from deb goo
  command 'fgo' from deb fgo
  command 'fop' from deb fop
  command 'fio' from deb fio

See 'snap info ' for additional versions.

This example shows that a package that provides the command 'bar' is available from the default Ubuntu repositories and can be installed with sudo apt install bar . Note the $ command prompt which indicates that the command is supposed to be run as normal user, not root.

$ bar

Command 'bar' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install bar


For debugging confined snaps (ie, installed without --devmode) there is a snap in the store called snappy-debug that will get better over time but is already useful. To use:

    sudo snap install snappy-debug --devmode # after snapd 2.0.7 lands, drop --devmode
    sudo snap connect snappy-debug:log-observe ubuntu-core:log-observe
    sudo /snap/bin/snappy-debug.security scanlog

This scanlog command will tail the syslog, resolving seccomp syscall numbers and make suggestions on what interfaces to use, changes to make to your snap to work within the sandbox, etc. You can filter by snap with:

    sudo /snap/bin/snappy-debug.security scanlog <snapname>

Some more tips are covered here:

https://developer.ubuntu.com/snappy/build-apps/debug

Using snap try can be helpful too.


ProSavage8 KM266/KL266 refuses to work in Ubuntu 12.04

I managed to fix it...Kind of. It still says display unclaimed and GLXinfo crashes, but I can run OpenGL applications.

I added this to Xorg.conf

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Card0"
    Driver      "savage"
    Option      "AGPMode"   "4"
    Option      "HWCursor"  "True"
    Option      "UseBIOS"   "False"
    Option      "ShadowStatus"  "False"
    Option      "AGPSize" "16"
    Option      "DmaMode" "Any"
    Option      "DmaType" "AGP"
    Option      "BusType" "AGP"
    Option      "ForceInit" "Yes"
    VideoRam    32768
EndSection

Section "dri"
    Mode         0666
EndSection

I also messed around with settings in DRIconf. I still don't understand what the problem was as the savage driver was being loaded correctly, DRI rendering was active, and I could find no errors in any logs.


In our chat, we discovered that, based on a suggestion from a vendor of Linux computers, you added a line to /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf that said:

options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1

Your router is set to mixed mode 802.11N/AC.

Typically, routers will negotiate with client devices and connect at the lowest speed and, if both the host and the client advertise that they are capable, shift to higher and then higher speeds. I suspect that, as soon as your wireless card reported that it was incapable of 802.11N, the router refused to connect.

You removed the line from the iwlwifi.conf file and rebooted. You connected to the 5 GHz segment of the router immediately.

We looked at the channel occupancy in your area with:

nmcli dev wifi list

We saw no other SSID on channel 149 and confirmed that your Intel has channel 149 as an available channel.

sudo iwlist chan

You changed the router to channel 149 and connected. iwconfig confirmed: Bit Rate=866.7 Mb/s.

I think you are all set.


12.04 update is stuck on preconfiguring packages

Open up top, press V to enable tree view, and find the leaf process under xenial -> xenial -> sh -> dpkg-preconfigre -> ... -> blocking leaf process. Then kill (softly) this process:

sudo kill -s SIGTERM {process_id}

In my case, it was grep waiting for something that clearly wasn't coming.


I have experienced Packet Loss in Ubuntu, too under two circumstances:

Routing Issues when having multiple Interfaces in the same Network
I had two LAN Ports in the same network and the I suppose the routing of both interfaces overlapped and they took turns in sending/receiving from and to the network. The problem stopped as soon as i disabled one interface

$ sudo ifconfig eth1 down

Connections are timing out because they tried to use IPv6 at times
Especially when doing DNS Requests while apt-get updating some repositories, even official ubuntu ones, cannot be resolved to an ip.

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WebBrowsingSlowIPv6IPv4 in this case.

Also you should give more information, like complete output of both

$ ifconfig

and

$ route

Under no circumstances should you need to remove network-manager or any other preinstalled network management software. They work just fine, when configured correctly.

I'm sorry that both points are rather blurry, but I guarantee, that both happened as I told them.


Good news, I've resolved this issue thanks to MichaelBay.

The problem was with the UEFI system setup on my computer. I used a recovery USB of rEFInd and managed to boot into the installation with no problems.


Try using something like YUMI to put the image on the drive, I've seen similar problems from unetbootin before.


I understand that you want to look for a specific file -- and not search for a string within a file in the .jar archive.

Another option, without zipgrep, just with zip, sed and friends. Suppose you want to look through jar files in the current directory:

for i in *.jar ; do unzip -l "$i" | sed "s?.*?$i: &?" ; done | grep "filetofind"


The issue has been solved!

Simply update your system to the latest version and it should work well for you. I had this problem before and after the latest update, it got fixed automatically.

To be more precise, you need to have the following:

- Google Chrome Version 51.0.2704.63 (64-bit)
- Dolphin 15.12.3

At the time of writing this answer, the above two were the latest versions.


Install the xserver-xorg-video-displaylink to add drivers for this display.

You will need to configure the monitor by creating an /etc/X11/xorg.conf file.  Instructions can be found in /usr/share/doc/xserver-xorg-video-displaylink/examples/


Shred
This command line tool is already installed from the core utilities in Ubuntu to securely erase and overwrite single files using the Gutman method.
Fast shredding
shred -vzn 0 /dev/sdc1

erases whole partitions by overwriting everything with 0s in a single iteration. If no legal aspects require another procedure, doing so is most probably safe to securely delete your private data.
from Craig Wright Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2008, 5352, 243-257.
Secure shredding
shred -vzn 3 /dev/sdc1

erases the whole partition using 3 iterations with random numbers. In addition (option -z) this writes zeros to hide the shredding process at the end. This will take 4 times longer than the fast method.
NOTE: By shredding a partition we will overwrite this partition with 0 or random numbers. It therefore efficiently deletes everything including file system caches on that partition forever. This can also be used to remove unwanted remnants of deleted files. Files we want to keep will have to be backed up before shredding.

Wipe

More options, and the possibility of erasing directories in addition to single files, are offered by this command line utility.
wipe filename
wipe -r dirname

Additional notes on journaling file systems and SSDs:

Please read the notes in the linked manpages on security issues arising from still recoverable backups in journaling file systems when erasing single files. Overwriting whole partitions rather than single files will effectively erase all data even when using a journaling file system.

Erasing data on a solid state disk (SSD) can if at all only be done by overwriting the whole drive (not only single partitions) with several iterations. Some SSDs may have an inbuilt feature to erase data but this may not always be efficient (see this link from comment). At present there is no general recommendation on the wiping processes or number of erase iterations needed to securely remove all data remnants on all SSDs available.

These options can be added in the context menu of Nautilus and Thunar.

In Thunar, open "Edit" then "Configure Custom Actions"

Add (the plus sign)
Name "Shred File"
Description whatever you like
Action "shred -u %f"
Similarly for wipe.

For Nautilus see this question and those related

Select "Appearance Conditions" and select "Other Files"


Sanity check of an Ubuntu system after a release upgrade

particularly if the upgrade process did not go smoothly

Either the upgrade is completed correctly or it will stop with a notice. So no, there is no post upgrade sanity check except for the normal error notice that the upgrade failed.

If you can update your system after the upgrade all can be considered well.

  did not follow standard/recommended procedure?

There is no "not follow standard/recommended procedure?".

The method to upgrade from an officially released version to the next officially released version in do-release-upgrade (or if you do it prior to the official release of the new version it is do-release-upgrade -d).


It sounds like you are in a timezone 3 hours separate from UTC, and Windows and Linux are disagreeing about what time should be stored in the BIOS.

Linux stores time as UTC in the BIOS clock.

Windows stores time as local time.

So whenever you boot Windows, it resets the BIOS clock to local time, Linux loads it and assumes it's UTC.

I was under the impression that the Ubuntu installer would detect Windows and set Linux to compromise by using local time in the BIOS... but this may not be true, or may not have happened correctly.

There are two solutions :

Set Windows to use UTC in the BIOS clock

This apparently has some caveats for "professional" usage but might be satisfactory from a user POV.

https://superuser.com/questions/185773/does-windows-7-support-utc-as-bios-time

Set Linux to use local time in the BIOS clock

Set the UTC setting in /etc/default/rcS to "no" (on Ubuntu)


unable to install LibreCAD (some package could not be installed)

try installing libqt4 from the Ubuntu software center, you should look for the "see thechnical documents" on the lowest part of the software center.
also install Libre CAD from their repositories.

> $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:librecad-dev/librecad-daily
>
> To stay up to date with the newest build, simply use Ubuntu's "Update
> Manager" or:
>
>     $ sudo apt-get update
>     $ sudo apt-get upgrade


How to unload a kernel module which is in use and has a recursive module dependency?

It's possible to blacklist kernel modules.

Checkout this post about How to blacklist kernel modules?


How to let the apache(2.4.7) know to use newly installed (upgraded) php version?

As far I recall you need upgrade libapache2-mod-php5 package as well. Actually, I'd upgraded whole system once on it:

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


How can I access an Ubuntu RAID device from Windows?

For starters, never try to mount one half of a RAID1 array without mdadm (the software raid you will be using on Ubuntu) being present. It handles how the two drives sync up so if you mount and alter (access times count as altering) one disk, mdadm has a real challenge to work out what's gone wrong. It could result in needing to rebuild the array or even data loss.

I was going to suggest you have a virtual machine (Ubuntu Server is very light) that mounted the partitions directly (as modern VMs can) so you're using the same version of mdadm as your install of Ubuntu. It's fairly sound logic but it's a lot more flimsey than a native install because you have a software layer between Ubuntu and the disks.

I say I was going to suggest it because I read Accessing Linux mdadm RAID+LVM volumes/data in Windows using a VM - Rewritten from somebody doing exactly what I imagined who corrupted an non-insignificant portion of their data.

I think the only safe ways to share a RAID array with Windows are:

Keep Windows in a VM or run it on another computer
Run the RAID array on another computer (eg dedicated NAS or another sort of server)


How can I eliminate wine application options from Thunar's context menu?

The very useful wine FAQ contains details on how to clean the open with menu. I can confirm that it works safely on Xfce and will on any other desktop environment, as the locations that wine installs the items to are standard locations for those types of files as delineated at freedesktop.org.

The commands below are from the Wine FAQ and do safely remove all open-with entries from the context menu, but they do not remove any wine entries from the applications menu, which I think is just what you want. If you need to see what they will remove, place echo before the rm command, and it will list the changes. You should run each command individually and not copy and paste the whole block, in case you make a mistake.

rm -f ~/.local/share/mime/packages/x-wine*
rm -f ~/.local/share/applications/wine-extension*
rm -f ~/.local/share/icons/hicolor/*/*/application-x-wine-extension*
rm -f ~/.local/share/mime/application/x-wine-extension*

It should also be said that when you install a wine program, further new entries will be created, so these commands will need to be run again. The only way to permanently stop the creation of these items is to disable winemenubuilder, but that also affects application menu items and not just the open with menu, so you might not want to do that. See the wine FAQ for more details on that.

If you want to run the commands above after installing a new wine program, it would be best to put them in a script, make it executable (chmod u+x) and bind it to a shortcut key. Then you can run the script regularly and keep the open with menu clear of wine entries at all times.


You can check it out from Settings:

Device > keyboard > keyboard shortcuts > screenshots

You can copy it to clipboard without saving using Ctrl+Alt+PrtScr


Completely remove Gimp 2.9 and completely remove the PPA.
Then install Gimp 2.8 from the official Ubuntu repositories.
Open a terminal and execute the following commands:

sudo apt-get purge gimp
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp
sudo ppa-purge ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp-edge
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gimp


How do I get Ubuntu working on a Dell XPS 15?

This laptop has an Nvidia Optimus video card, so installation can be tricky, however the following 2 sites seem to have good information on how to get this laptop working with Ubuntu:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupport/Machines/Laptops/Dell/XPS/15
http://hanynowsky.wordpress.com/2012/04/07/dell-xps-15-l502x-ubuntu-linux/

See also:

Is a NVIDIA GeForce with Optimus Technology supported by Ubuntu?


The pdftotext program will insert a form feed character (\f) after each PDF page. You can use this to split your text file into multiple files, one per page. First run the command you normally run:

pdftotext test.pdf x.txt

Then, split:

awk -vk=1 '/\f/{k++}{print >> k".txt"}' x.txt

The awk command will first set the variable k to 1 (-vk=1) and then increment the variable by 1 each time a form feed character is found on a line (/\f/{k++}). Then, it will print each line to a file whose name is the current value of k, plus the string .txt (print >> k".txt"). So, running the script above on a text file containing a converted 5-page PDF file will result in 1.txt, 2.txt, 3.txt, 4.txt and 5.txt.

Note that the script will append to each text file, so running it twice will just add to existing files (if any). To avoid that, remove the files before attempting to run again.

To integrate it into your php code, use:

for($i=1; $i<4; $i++){
    if(shell_exec("pdftotext -f $i test.pdf test/t$i.txt")){
        echo 'selam';
    }
    if(shell_exec("awk -vk=1 -vi="$i" '/\f/{k++}{print >> i"."k".txt"}' t$i.txt")){
        echo 'selam';
    }

}


Ubuntu switched to libreoffice instead of openoffice quite a while ago.

Install libreoffice-common, then you can run the libreoffice service by adding the "--headless" runtime argument.

$ /usr/bin/libreoffice --headless

The rest of that article should be compatible if you replace "openoffice.org" with "libreoffice" across the board.


yes there is a way.

From the  Advanced Power Management (APM) daemon
(apmd)  man-page . This is a program. so when you remove the battery automatically this program will run. so you can use a condition to check the status of this program. If condition done then you can run the script else you can wait until it will runs.

change power
              Invoked when the APM subsystem reports a change in power status,
              such as a switch from mains to battery power.


Broken GTK theme after upgrade from Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04

My problem is fixed after I installed Gnone Tweak tool and select the default theme (was a broken GTK Flatabulous).

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool


I can't seem to install libsodium in the Docker ubuntu:vivid image

As you can see in the repository or by:

$apt-cache search libsodium
libsodium-dbg - Network communication, cryptography and signaturing library - debug symbols
libsodium-dev - Network communication, cryptography and signaturing library - headers
libsodium13 - Network communication, cryptography and signaturing library

there is no package called libsodium. It is libsodium13 or libsodium-dev or libsodium-dbg. So you should try:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libsodium13


Issues with using oh-my-zsh on WSL Bash (on Windows using Ubuntu)

This problem is not related to ohmyzsh or zsh, but as you said, related to working in WSL.
I would suggest installing applications directly in the WSL where possible. Docker for Windows has good integration when using WSL2 (follow the breadcrumbs here to update to WSL2).
There are two methods to use Windows binaries (.exe files) in WSL:

by creating symbolic links within WSL to a directory that is in your PATH
ex: ln -s $(which terraform.exe) ~/.local/bin/terraform

by creating symbolic links in Windows

You probably need to make a new folder and add it to your PATH (see this guide).
Then, open an admin cmd and cd to this new folder
Lastly, do mklink terraform "C:\Program Files\Terraform\terraform.exe" or wherever  terraform.exe resides

Additional info


Would it be possible... to install wine in "bash on ubuntu on windows"

@EEDDGG mentioned in comments that it works in insider builds.

Since Creators Update, it also runs on normal builds.

sudo apt-get install wine fails by default, because package wine also depends on 32bit version of wine and 32bit is not supported on WSL. wine64 can't be installed alone, because wine64 strangely also depends on some 32bit packages.

To install:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine

This will allow installation of 32bit apps. However WSL can't load 32bit executables, therefore you must call wine64 and you can only run 64bit applications. Example:

wine64 cmd.exe

Of course you need an X-server for gui applications (like wine64 notepad.exe).


In Firefox, use ctrl-shift-H or menu History - Show All. Other browsers will have similar options but he can configure the browser to delete this info or delete manually himself so it's a very basic check and easily fooled if he knows you will check.


How to get rid of the DNS Unlocker adware?

So I figured out how to get rid of this pest. I thought using Firefox's "Safe Mode" was a true indicator if the infection was related to Firefox or not. But it turned out to be false!

The solution for this was to clear the .mozilla folder in the home directory (which is hidden), and it will make Firefox have a fresh start. Of course, this way you will lose all the bookmarks, saved passwords, sessions, add-ons, etc. But at least it gives you a clean browser back again.

Some of these can somehow be saved to restore again, like bookmarks can be saved by exporting them to JSON. Others (such as the add-ons) I don't recommend to backup and I recommend to reinstall them after reseting Firefox.


Configure your proxy first by System Settings → Network → Network proxy.
Put in 172.31.100.15 and your port there.

After that, open apt.conf

sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf

You will see

  Acquire::http::proxy "http://172.31.100.15:port/";
  Acquire::https::proxy "https://172.31.100.15:port/";
  Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://172.31.100.15:port/";
  Acquire::socks::proxy "socks://172.31.100.15:port/";

Change it to

  Acquire::http::proxy "http://username:password@172.31.100.15:port/";
  Acquire::https::proxy "https://username:password@172.31.100.15:port/";
  Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://username:password@172.31.100.15:port/";
  Acquire::socks::proxy "socks://username:password@172.31.100.15:port/";


How to install and use latest Nitech HTS voices for festival on Ubuntu 20.04

Notice
There seems to be a bit of misunderstanding on your side... The Nitech HTS 2.3.2 which was released in 2017 is a speech synthesis system/engine which uses deep learning and neural networks to train speech modules based on datasets like these... The resulting modules can then be built for use with different speech engines including festivals. It is not a group of voices that you can download and use with festival.
Pre-built voice modules are available on the Internet. So you can either use the pre-built voices available in the link below as well as the ones provided by the links in your comment above or you can go ahead and build your own and you can start from here.Please notice thee following on that page:

These distibutions include Festival CLUNITS based voices. bdl, slt,
jmk and awb HTS based voices are available from available from
http://hts.ics.nitech.ac.jp/ using Nagoya Institute of Technology's
HTS HMM-based Speech Synthesis System.

So the voices are already pre-built and available for festival 2.5.0 since the year 2017 on this link
Please also keep in mind that setting the right environment, training and building is a lengthy process that might take days and a lot of resources and effort.

Adding pre-built voices to Festival (Version 2.5.0:release December 2017)
Festival voices go under /usr/share/festival/voices/ and the voices you refer to are linked here. To add and use new pre-built voices, please follow the instructions below:

Cleate a new directory for the new voices like so:
sudo mkdir /usr/share/festival/voices/my_voices

cd to your Downloads directory like so:
cd ~/Downloads

Donload desired voice from here like so:
wget http://www.festvox.org/packed/festival/2.5/voices/festvox_cmu_us_aew_cg.tar.gz

Extract the downloaded voice file like so:
tar -xf festvox_cmu_us_aew_cg.tar.gz

Copy the new downloaded voice located under festival/lib/voices/us/ in the extracted file to festivals voices like so:
sudo cp -r festival/lib/voices/us/cmu_us_aew_cg/ /usr/share/festival/voices/my_voices/

Start festival like so:
festival

List the available voices like so:
(voice.list)

The output will look like this:
(cmu_us_aew_cg kal_diphone)

Select the newly added voice by adding voice_ prefix before its name like so:
(voice_cmu_us_aew_cg)

Test the new voice like so:
(SayText "This is how you add new voices to Festival.")


No, you cannot have more than one group assigned to a directory/file in Unix. The same applies to a mount point.


Delete first words from all folder names in directory

Quick Answer

I'd not bother with script ... just rename

rename s/ABC\ DEF\ // *

s/string1/string2/
causes it to search & replace string1 with string 2.

string 1 is made longer due spaces and need to escape them '\ ', string 2 being empty '//'

finally * forces it to work on all files/dirs in current directory

Read the man rename and it'll provide clues. The main page refererences ' perlexprs' (perl expressions; meaning more man pages) but they are a superset of POSIX ones meaning you have more power, but can just limit yourself to posix too.


The solution is to install support for "restricted" media formats.

Information is at this link:

Ubuntu Restricted Formats

Quoting from that webpage:

  Ubuntu strives to make all of the most important software available to
  its users automatically. However patent and copyright restrictions
  (see Ubuntu License Policy) complicate distribution of software to
  support non-free formats.

  However, you can install the ability to play popular non-free media
  formats, including DVD, MP3, Quicktime, and Windows Media formats, by
  following the instructions below.

  Ubuntu’s commitment to only include completely free software by
  default means that proprietary media formats are not configured “out
  of the box”. See Ubuntu’s Free Software Philosophy and the Free
  Formats page for a more comprehensive discussion of these issues.

The command is:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras


ecryptfs-utils has no installation candidate on 18.04

Answer

The package ecryptfs-utils is available in the universe repository.

To enable the universe repo, do the following:

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ecryptfs-utils

Further explanation:

Looking up packages

You can look up packages at https://packages.ubuntu.com/ Make sure you select the correct distribution (in your case Bionic, which corresponds to 18.04).

When you search for ecryptfs-utils you get the following:

  Package ecryptfs-utils

[bionic (18.04LTS)][1] (misc): ecryptfs cryptographic filesystem (utilities) [universe]
111-0ubuntu5: amd64 arm64 armhf i386 ppc64el s390x

As you can see, the package is available for 18.04 in the universe repository. You enable universe via the above-mentioned steps.

Repositories

A repository (oftentimes abbreviated to repo) is the name Ubuntu gives to an archive where software is stored. Ubuntu uses four main repositories:

Main
Universe
Restricted
Multivers

The universe repository contains "Community-maintained free and open-source software". For more info, see: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu


It works on lubuntu, it should work on xubuntu, at least run and appear normally.

Check that you have python-support installed:

sudo apt-get install python-support

Try purging and installing again.

sudo apt-get purge pyneighborhood
sudo apt-get install pyneighborhood
pyNeighborhood

Also, please check that you are using a package from the official repositories. I know it's freshly installed, but perhaps it's a repository mirror problem. This command will show the currently used version:

apt-cache policy pyneighborhood

This is my output:

pyneighborhood:
  Installed: 0.5.1
  Candidate: 0.5.1
  Version table:
 *** 0.5.1 0
        500 http://rs.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/universe i386 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status


How to get a direct download of alternative flash player for Ubuntu (Adobe page launches Ubuntu Software Centre which reports 'file not found')

Remove the alternative plugin first

apt-get remove flashplugin-installer

You can download the adobe flash plugin directly from here (64 bit version) type at the terminal:

wget -c http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/pool/partner/a/adobe-flashplugin/adobe-flashplugin_11.2.202.406-0trusty1_amd64.deb

or (32 bit version)

wget -c http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/pool/partner/a/adobe-flashplugin/adobe-flashplugin_11.2.202.400-0trusty1_i386.deb

To install

sudo dpkg -i adobe-flashplugin*

Alternatively, you can enable in Software Center under Edit -> Software Sources... -> Other Software Tab, and select Canonical Partners. Then you can search and install it.


The ubuntu stuck on boot screen, terminal works but GUI doesn't

I am assuming that you trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 LTS base on the tag. I had a similar issue. Try executing the following.

Sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-lts-precise

I also have documented few more tips here.


Protect folder from accidental deletion with `rm`

Create a hidden file inside the folder and do (.foo as an example) as "root":
touch ~/foo/.foo
chattr +i ~/foo/.foo

You can now delete all files except .foo in this directory, and the directory can not be deleted by another user. You can still move the directory though and you can stop that with the sticky bit...
sudo chmod +t ~/foo

And that should cover your problem. BUT I do agree: making a backup is always the better option. A somewhat more difficult option: put a directory watcher on ~/foo and create a timestamped backup of every file touched and before it is altered in a directory users can not reach would be a safer method.


Open your terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F4
Unblock your wifi

  rfkill unblock wlan

`Restart your network

  sudo service network-manager restart


Problems installing Ubuntu 14.04.3 on Dell XPS 8900

I met similar issues with you and finally I found a helpful post.

We should disable “PCI power management” to fix PCIe Bus error. Below is the steps I followed from that post:

When trying to install, at the initial 'grub' screen that asks you to select (1) Try Ubuntu (2) Install directly (3) OEM install etc. Place the selector over option 1 and press the key E to edit the grub boot command. On the third line just after quiet splash, add a space and the string pcie_aspm=off and press F10 to continue the boot. This will allow you to start 15.10 from a USB/DVD and install to disk.

That just installs to disk. You will have to manually update the Grub boot command every time you boot into Linux until you implement the fix in the grub config file. For this edit /etc/default/grub using your favourite editor and make sure the follow line is present:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pcie_aspm=off"

This file is a “script that generates a script” so you have to run sudo update-grub to propagate this to the real Grub config files (/boot/grub/grub.cfg).


Run Boot-Repair --> Recommended Repair

Write  on a paper the URL (http://paste.xxxxxx) that will appear
Reboot the pc. If still any problem, indicate the URL.


Try using synaptic to remove bit defender.
You can find synaptic in ubuntu software center.


I'm trying to burn an ISO to a thumb drive

If you are already in Ubuntu, use "startup disk creator" to make your install media.

From activities window search "startup" and click startup disk creator.

From this window you simply click the "other" button and browse to your ISO. Then select your thumb drive in "Disk to Use" and click make startup disk.

Using dd doesn't work for some reason.

There is a great tutorial here:

How To Create A Bootable Live USB


excessive system clock drift? (2+ minutes per hour)

It turns out the problem was with the TSC clock source. In the short term, changing the clock source to 'hpet' (temporarily via echo hpet > /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/current_clocksource, or more permanently by adding clocksource=hpet to the kernel boot parameters in /etc/default/grub) works around the issue.

More broadly, this problem is due to a bug in the linux kernel's TSC handling with respect to Skylake X desktop CPUs. This should be fixed in a forthcoming kernel release.

Update: rebuilding the current kernel with the one-line fix from the above patch does in fact restore correct TSC behavior.


Try to run sudo apt-get purge unity-2d* instead of sudo apt-get remove unity-2d*, and then install the unity-2d*.
If this doesn't work try to create a new user, with this pure user it'll maybe works.

Good luck, I hope it'll works.


Found a stepwise instruction that solves this matter:
https://www.weyand.biz/2017/07/12/dyndns-mit-plesk-ipv4-ipv6-und-php7-224.html#comment-113


Yes it will work.
The alternative way (If using Ubuntu) is the easiest way to do the same.

You can convert the .img image (row) to .qcow2 format.

For converting .img to .qcow2 need to use command qemu-convert

Please read the man page of qemu command for more details.

The .img images are row format so it is taking much more space then .qcow2.


Add the policy "keep-display-on" in the .apparmor file. This should be enough. See an example below:

{
    "template": "your-webapp",

    "policy_groups": [
        "networking",
        "webview",
        "audio",
        "video",
        "keep-display-on"
    ],

    "policy_version": 16.04
}


Why is flash for Chromium (pepperflashplugin) not automatically updated?

It seems that both pepperflashplugin-nonfree and flashplugin-installer are deprecated.

There is a new package adobe-flashplugin in the  Canonical Partners software section that will update both the Chromium and Firefox plugins.

You have to enable Canonical Partners source. It will mark the flashplugin-installer as deprecated / to be removed, but unfortunately not the pepperflashplugin-nonfree, you have to remove that yourself.

Solution

Enable Canonical Partners in System settings -> Software and Updates -> tab Other software, then:

sudo apt remove pepperflashplugin-nonfree flashplugin-installer
sudo apt update
sudo apt install adobe-flashplugin

First row will delete the old plugin:

/usr/lib/pepperflashplugin-nonfree/libpepflashplayer.so

and last row will install the plugin in:

/usr/lib/adobe-flashplugin/libpepflashplayer.so

Note

You have to check that for Canonical Partners the distribution is set to xenial, this is not always done automatically for upgraded systems.

Otherwise it will install older versions of the adobe-flashplugin package:
It should install adobe-flashplugin version:

 1:20160913.1-0ubuntu0.16.04.1

On upgrade installations 14.04 -> 16.04 it installs 1:20160913.1-0ubuntu0.14.04.1, which offers an updated flash but on upgraded older installations (from 13.10->...->16.04) it offers an outdated package, that does not install the pepperplugin. Hence Opera uses the Chrome location, Chromium does not.

So don't forget to set the distribution to xenial for Canonical Partners, then it will offer the 16.04 package.

At last check this Adobe page to verify your version.

(Apparently this doesn't work for the Yandex browser.)


Try the following steps,

press CTRL + ALT + F1

Run the command ls -lah

If you see the following line(or something very similar) in the output continue with the steps below.

-rw------- 1 root root 51 May 23 21:37 .Xauthority

run the command

chown username:username .Xauthority

press ALT + F7 and try to login to your system again.

I had a similar problem and this worked for me. Hope it helps.

For more information, see this answer


You have a poor processor for run a virtual machine with Ubuntu. Unity will take a lot of resources that your system can't handle efficiently. I recommend to use Lubuntu in your case. Or even better, do a dual boot. But be aware of install Ubuntu with Unity. Install Xubuntu, or Lubuntu. First of all, try booting a live USB or live DVD to try the *buntu distro that fits better to your system specs, after this, you can decide if dual boot, or run in a virtual machine.

To install Guest Addtitions, insert the Guest Additions CD from the devices menu. Then, search the mounted media and enter the folder, you will see a file named like "VBoxLinuxAdditions.run". From a console, run:

sudo sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

If it fails, install:

sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get intall build-essential

The installation will give you some information about other packages and related information about a possible failure.

Regards.