This behavior is called "polling", and is most likely caused by udisks.

Try: udisks --inhibit-polling /dev/sr0 (replace /dev/sr0 with the name of your device, if necessary.)

If it helps, you can ask udisks to permanently stop polling the device with a udev rule like this:

SUBSYSTEM=="block", ENV{ID_MODEL}=="*YOUR_DEVICE_MODEL*", ENV{UDISKS_DISABLE_POLLING}="1"

Create a file such as /etc/udev/rules.d/99-no-polling.rules and add the above rule to it, replacing YOUR_DEVICE_MODEL with the actual model string.

To find your model number, look at the output of udisks --show-info /dev/sr0.

The side effect is that you'll need to mount the optical media manually afterwards.


How do I restore Ubuntu's default interface?

Maybe the easier way is to setup a new account from scratch and to get all of the data you need from /home/your_username to /home/your_new_username afterwards.


What is the actual problem you are trying to address with this post?  Based on the output you provided it appears the task completed SUCCESSFULLY.

WARNINGs are typically not errors but important messages that may be useful in troubleshooting a potential problem.  See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2031163/when-to-use-the-different-log-levels for a description of the different log levels using in LINUX.

To remove the warnings you should follow the instructions to configure your compiler as per the url provided in the messages http://www.boost.org/build/doc/html/bbv2/overview/configuration.html


How well does WPA2 support work on an RaLink RT2760?

A few of suggestions:

suggestion 1

Try installing the wireless backports package to see if this resolves your issue.

sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-wireless-lucid-generic

suggestion 2

Possibly (though probably unlikely) this is a firmware issue and you need the non-free firmware package from the multiverse repo

enable the multiverse repo is /etc/apt/sources.list

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

suggestion 3

10.04 now ships as an optional repository install, the 2.6.38 kernel that is used in 11.04 as well.

sudo apt-get install linux-image-generic-lts-backport-natty linux-headers-generic-lts-backport-natty


No, there is no service similar to "net send".


What would happen if I created an account called 'root'?

Usernames must be unique, so, as mentioned by Owen Hines' answer, you wouldn't be able to create this user. However, the key point here is that superuser powers (all possible permissions) aren't granted by the username root, but by UID.

The user with UID 0 is the superuser.

So, if the user with UID 0 had a different name, and you created a user called root, they would not have any special status.

I refer you to the root tag wiki!


Write the image with the last version of Ultra ISO.

I had this problem with every Ubuntu release.

Unetbootin didn't help, only the latest versions of Ultra ISO at the moment.


Have you tried using apt-get to (re-)install the kernel?

Try booting the Live CD or USB which matches your Ubuntu install, then chroot, and then the command below.

apt-get -V install linux-generic linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic

Note: If the above does not work, you could also try either --reinstall or doing a remove of the above packages and then trying to install again.

If none of the above works, please update your question with details about how it failed.

The suggestion above is based on what apt-get did to upgrade the kernel of a clean install of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64-bit in a virtual machine. The packages which apt-get decided to install to update the kernel were linux-generic, linux-image-generic, and linux-headers-generic.

I have included below the output I got from running the apt-get command above in case it is of any possible use.

It appears to me that both vmlinuz-3.2.0-25-generic and initrd.img-3.2.0-25-generic were generated by running the update-initramfs script during installation post-processing. So I doubt that just copying the files from one installation to another would work unless the installations were identical (enough).

irrational@VB64Too:~$ sudo apt-get -V install linux-generic linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
   linux-headers-3.2.0-25 (3.2.0-25.40)
   linux-headers-3.2.0-25-generic (3.2.0-25.40)
   linux-image-3.2.0-25-generic (3.2.0-25.40)
Suggested packages:
   fdutils (5.5-20060227-5)
   linux-doc-3.2.0 ()
   linux-source-3.2.0 (3.2.0-25.40)
   linux-tools (3.2.0.25.27)
The following NEW packages will be installed:
   linux-headers-3.2.0-25 (3.2.0-25.40)
   linux-headers-3.2.0-25-generic (3.2.0-25.40)
   linux-image-3.2.0-25-generic (3.2.0-25.40)
The following packages will be upgraded:
   linux-generic (3.2.0.23.25 => 3.2.0.25.27)
   linux-headers-generic (3.2.0.23.25 => 3.2.0.25.27)
   linux-image-generic (3.2.0.23.25 => 3.2.0.25.27)
3 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 247 not upgraded.
Need to get 50.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 216 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main linux-image-3.2.0-25-generic amd64 3.2.0-25.40 [38.2 MB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main linux-generic amd64 3.2.0.25.27 [1,710 B]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main linux-image-generic amd64 3.2.0.25.27 [2,648 B]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main linux-headers-3.2.0-25 all 3.2.0-25.40 [11.4 MB]
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main linux-headers-3.2.0-25-generic amd64 3.2.0-25.40 [958 kB]
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main linux-headers-generic amd64 3.2.0.25.27 [2,644 B]
Fetched 50.6 MB in 36s (1,398 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-3.2.0-25-generic.
(Reading database ... 141202 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking linux-image-3.2.0-25-generic (from .../linux-image-3.2.0-25-generic_3.2.0-25.40_amd64.deb) ...
Done.
Preparing to replace linux-generic 3.2.0.23.25 (using .../linux-generic_3.2.0.25.27_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement linux-generic ...
Preparing to replace linux-image-generic 3.2.0.23.25 (using .../linux-image-generic_3.2.0.25.27_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement linux-image-generic ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.2.0-25.
Unpacking linux-headers-3.2.0-25 (from .../linux-headers-3.2.0-25_3.2.0-25.40_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.2.0-25-generic.
Unpacking linux-headers-3.2.0-25-generic (from .../linux-headers-3.2.0-25-generic_3.2.0-25.40_amd64.deb) ...
Preparing to replace linux-headers-generic 3.2.0.23.25 (using .../linux-headers-generic_3.2.0.25.27_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement linux-headers-generic ...
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-25-generic (3.2.0-25.40) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-25-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-25-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-25-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.2.0-25-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-25-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.2.0-25-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-25-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-25-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-25-generic
Generating grub.cfg ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-25-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-25-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-23-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1
done
Setting up linux-image-generic (3.2.0.25.27) ...
Setting up linux-generic (3.2.0.25.27) ...
Setting up linux-headers-3.2.0-25 (3.2.0-25.40) ...
Setting up linux-headers-3.2.0-25-generic (3.2.0-25.40) ...
Setting up linux-headers-generic (3.2.0.25.27) ...
irrational@VB64Too:~$


Where to find IntelliJ IDEA 64-bit executable in Ubuntu?

If you look in the code of that shell script, particularly the lines around:

"$GREP" "64-Bit|x86_64|amd64" "$VERSION_LOG" > /dev/null

you will see that the script invokes the correct options according to your architecture.


How to connect to the VPN automatically on System Startup ?

To automatically connect to VPN

Launch nm-connection-editor or open Network Connections.
Choose you WiFi or LAN connection, click "Edit", select the "General" tab.
Enable "Automatically connect to VPN when using this connection".

Extra info on installing open VPN and use the same "settings, country" every time check this link.


Latest kernel update (.43) crashes my pae system

I had the same problem and did the following:

Boot in recovery mode, kernel 3.13.0-40
sudo apt-get clean; sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fglrx (I'm using AMD graphics, so you might not have to do this)

and then I was able to boot again (now in .43) :)

Hope this works for you


Amazon video requires that you use a determined version of Flash, but Adobe don't offer support anymore for Linux. The only solution is using Google Chrome's Pepperflash implementation.

Or, you could wait until Firefox releases their flash implementation.


input/output error during write on /dev/sda during Ubuntu installation

I'm pretty sure you have the typical NTFS lock issue. let's try to reinstall it.

run "Cmd" or "Powershell" as an Administrator and type in it :

powercfg -h off

then try again. also for best results make sure you make your LiveUSB ad GPT/UEFI :

to do this use rufus not yumi.

you can then select GPT & UEFI in the drop down menus.

also when you boot to the LiveUSB if you have several choices for the USB, choose the one that says "UEFI" or "EFI"

it'll be on rails from there :) !


Google revealed this - as an aside - weirdest solution I've seen - but a known bug

Set your gtk appearance to Raleigh, launch Gimp once, and then change back to whatever theme you were using before.

i.e.

Click System Settings - Application Appearance -
Click on GTK+ Appearance and change Widget Style from oxygen-gtk to Raleigh.
Click Apply.
Start Gimp and Close
Repeat the above by switch back from Raleigh to oxygen-gtk


I only know two ways to do this one is : sudo apt-get install -f and the other is to download everything manually via a browser and putting packages inside of /var/cache/apt/archives (the folder where downloaded packages reside) and call the install again.

You can check the integrity of packages just in case corruption is the reason of dependency been unsolved. My Kung fu is not deeper than that. You can also try purging, then auroremove and call installation again on the software you want.


Yup! This is fairly simple to do.

All you have to do is right-click on the title bar and select Always On Top:

You can also make it always show no matter what desktop you're on (if you have multiple desktops enabled) by selecting Always on Visible Workspace:

EDIT: This doesn't actually keep the window in focus when a new window opens. I'll look into this a bit more.


File browser window in the "Ubuntu Tour" has no menu bar. Is this real?

The Ubuntu Tour gives you a quick overview on the look and feel of the Unity desktop in Ubuntu. It is in no way a full blown operating system but rather a nicely done interactive graphical depiction of the user interface.

To find out how Ubuntu operates in reality it is a much better idea to download the installation DVD .iso, put this on an USB drive, and then let your computer boot from this.

You will be presented a choice to "Try out Ubuntu" which will boot your computer into a fully operational live system, leaving your computer's hard drive untouched. Doing so is a great way to test your hardware for Ubuntu compatibility.

You could even install programs from the software center if you wished. It is not restricted in functionality in any way other than you will not have a HOME directory to store your data, and installed applications or application settings will be lost after a shutdown.

But you will find out that Nautilus does have a menu bar, now as with all other applications integrated in the top panel ("global menu"). In case you do not like this, you can easily disable it.


Try this:

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

sudo -i
nano /etc/init.d/.depend.stop

In the open file.

Paste the following:

TARGETS = unattended-upgrades samba-ad-dc uuidd cgmanager nmbd resolvconf atd cgproxy speech-dispatcher irqbalance alsa-utils thermald kerneloops hddtemp ufw ntp whoopsie smartmontools vboxautostart-service lightdm vboxballoonctrl-service bluetooth vboxweb-service pulseaudio cups-browsed saned smbd urandom vboxdrv avahi-daemon cups sendsigs rsyslog umountnfs.sh hwclock.sh networking umountfs umountroot halt reboot
avahi-daemon: pulseaudio cups-browsed saned
cups: smbd
sendsigs: samba-ad-dc atd uuidd speech-dispatcher unattended-upgrades lightdm irqbalance avahi-daemon pulseaudio bluetooth cups-browsed alsa-utils thermald kerneloops hddtemp nmbd smbd
rsyslog: atd speech-dispatcher irqbalance avahi-daemon pulseaudio bluetooth cups-browsed thermald kerneloops hddtemp sendsigs saned cups ntp whoopsie smartmontools
umountnfs.sh: samba-ad-dc atd uuidd speech-dispatcher unattended-upgrades lightdm irqbalance avahi-daemon pulseaudio bluetooth cups-browsed alsa-utils thermald sendsigs kerneloops hddtemp rsyslog nmbd smbd
hwclock.sh: atd uuidd cups-browsed kerneloops rsyslog
networking: umountnfs.sh samba-ad-dc lightdm cups-browsed kerneloops hddtemp nmbd smbd
umountfs: umountnfs.sh resolvconf samba-ad-dc atd uuidd speech-dispatcher unattended-upgrades lightdm irqbalance avahi-daemon pulseaudio hwclock.sh bluetooth networking cups-browsed alsa-utils thermald kerneloops hddtemp urandom nmbd smbd
umountroot: umountfs
halt: umountroot
reboot: umountroot

Ctrl + O, save file. Ctrl + X, close nano.

Continue running:

chmod -Rf 644 /etc/init.d/.depend.stop


How to enable SSH server in recovery mode?

If you know what you're typing onto, it's just one simple command, but I'll explain the complete procedure to rule out any and all errors.

Boot up the machine, holding down Shift
When you're sure the grub menu is up, press Down then Return*
Press Down six times to select "Drop to root shell prompt" and hit Return
Carefully type apt-get install openssh-server and hit Return
Carefully type /etc/init.d/ssh start and hit Return to start it without rebooting

The last step may not be required, but it doesn't hurt either.

*: Assuming your second boot entry is the recovery mode of the newest kernel, this may vary if you've manually put a Windows boot entry on top of the list or something like that, I assume you know.

If you decide to try "ssh" instead of "openssh-server", you may have to press "Y" to confirm. However, you don't need to enter the password if you drop to a root shell. After waiting long enough (!), hit Ctrl+C in case you didn't need to put in the "Y" before you continue.


Can I use the pyschocats' tutorial to upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04 with a minimal install disc?

Most probably NOT, because the minimal install CD actually is a "net install" which fetches everything over the internet, and I don't think it has the upgrade "logic" built into the regular CDs.

I think you're much better off doing a do-release-upgrade from within 11.10 itself...


App launch "outside" of the unity-panel launcher

It is likely that the game's "executable" actually launches something else, or that the game is changing the window title/class or something of the sort, and thus confusing libamf (and by extension Unity). I don't think there is anything you can do to fix that (directly), but you can report a bug against Unity.

Bug reports of this type are usually appreciated by the developers.


I have been working on this problem for a LONG time.

Its a compatibility issue with the browser + plugins.

Here's what I did

A workaround that accidentally turned out to be quite handy.
It may or maynot be the "right way" but the only way i could find... anywhere.

Set second display (tv, monitor, whatnot) as "Seperate Xserver"

this may temporarily screw up Hardware Composition.

Check xorg.conf for any errors.
You Might not be able to run 3d Shells (gnome3, unity3d, etwill be able to run unity fallback, gnome flashback metacity, etc on the primary monitor. The aux monitor may be a naked Xserver which you can not drag windows onto.
Terminal commands... I think, someone correct me if im wrong.

DISPLAY=:0.1 xterm &

gets you a basic xterm on the second screen.
Or you can...

DISPLAY=:0.1 startlxde &

For me, ran light desktop on the second screen without issues.

Its handy because the second display can run another user, completely seperated from the main desktop. I use it for chrooting and virtual machines.


The problem is that ld (the GNU linker) can't find the library, because the library isn't either in an ld trusted path nor the library's path has been made available to ld by other means.

So you should make the library's path available to ld.

Since you don't have administration privileges, you'll have to override your local ld settings, which can be done by adding the path to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable:

printf "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\"$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/lib264\n\"" >>~/.bashrc

And by sourcing ~/.bashrc to apply the changes to the running shell:

. ~/.bashrc

The "right" way to make the libraries contained in /usr/lib264 available system-wide would be to add a .conf file containing the library's path in /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ and to update the ld cache.

This requires administration privileges, so it does not apply to your case; however I'm leaving this for other people stumbling across this answer.

First, one should add a .conf file containing the library's path in /etc/ld.so.conf.d/:

printf "/usr/lib264\n" | sudo tee -a /etc/ld.so.conf.d/other_libraries.conf

Then, one should run ldconfig to update the ld cache:

ldconfig

After that, the library's path should be available to ld system-wide.


Problem mounting partition after Gparted

The crash during a partition merge likely damaged the file system. That's why you should create backups beforehand.

The easiest “fix” is to re-format the partition, if you don't care about any data that may be recoverable.
If you're lucky, you can salvage most of the data with fsck, but you should create a raw copy of /dev/sda5 and work on the image, in case fsck makes things worse.

You can run fsck /path/to/image directly on the image file, but if you want to access the (hopefully) recovered files, you need to mount it with the loop option:

sudo mount -r -o loop /path/to/image /path/to/mountpoint

This mounts the image read-only, since you only want to look at and salvage its data and not modify it (accidentally).
Lastly, if fsck doesn't help, you can try more low-level data recovery (assuming the partition contained an ext4 file system). You can use the (unaltered) disk image again, that you may have created earlier, in case you re-purposed the disk space for something else in the mean time.

In any case you should re-format the partition in the end. Don't keep using an obviously broken file system, even if you can fix it enough to salvage your data.


How to make suspend work without the screen staying black afterwards?

This is actually a simple one:

Add pm-suspend --quirk-dpms-on to the /var/cache/pm-utils/last_known_working.quirkdb file.

Reboot and it should work flawlessly.


Inherited Ubuntu server will not PING: What am I missing?

Hops (Firewalls) along the route could filter icmp packets in between ping source and ping destination.

Use mtr / traceroute instead of ping (or Ping next hop then after next hop...)
Ping different destination and see if this works
Ping from different source network


Perhaps it does not work for you because you use the -geometry argument rather than the correct argument, --geometry? For example,
gnome-terminal  --geometry 120x30+200+0

works for me on Ubuntu 21.04.


Solved the problem. I have a webcam with microphone that was grabbing top stop in /proc/asound/modules


How to update Qt from 5.5.1 to 5.9.5 on Ubuntu 16.04

A second option is to add Qt using a PPA. The example below installs Qt 5.11.1. There are PPA's for other versions if required.

Add the PPA

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:beineri/opt-qt-5.11.1-xenial
sudo apt update

Install Qt

sudo apt install qt511-meta-full

Configure the System

There are a couple of choices here depending on whether you want to configure the use of the new Qt version system wide or to the current user.

For system wide, create the following file in location /etc/xdg/qtchooser.

For the current user, create the following file in location ~/.config/qtchooser.

Create a text file in the chosen qtchooser folder named default.conf with the following contents:

/opt/qt511/bin
/opt/qt511/lib

The first line in the file is the path to the Qt binaries and the second is the path to the Qt libraries.

Check the Configuration

qmake -v

If the configuration is working correctly you should see something like:

QMake version 3.1
Using Qt version 5.11.1 in /opt/qt511/lib


First of all, stop using that drive right now, as using it will make it less probable the data recovery.

Testdisk is a great tool a great tool for data recovery among other things. Please take the time to read the documentation for the data recovery section. Hope this helps. Don't hesitate to ask again! Cheers


Is gaming on ubuntu possible (choice of games)

Gaming to an extent is possible on Ubuntu. Wine has a database, which includes games that have been ported perfectly and can be played on the linux system.
Additionally, towards the end of last year, steam came on to Ubuntu officially, so all of games developed by Steam can now be played by users on Ubuntu.
To install Steam-

  Ubuntu Software Centre->Search for Steam in the top right-hand corner of the app->Install

Go to this link wine-hq, to check out everything that wine has to offer.

Since you're interested in fps games go to wine-search, here, under category if you choose first person shooter, you'll get the entire list.

Additionally, check out wine top 25, for the top 25 games that wine has ported to Linux.

Hope this helped.


Is there a simple way to remove the thick gray frame around the Dash menu?

You can always fullscreen the dash by clicking the maximize button in the top left, which will remove the grey border.


Do I need an Internet connection to install Ubuntu Studio?

Ubuntu itself is an OS that heavily depends on a internet connection. All the repositories are on-line so installing software and updates are done over the internet. Our dash keeps getting things like webapps, internet searching (ie. amazon) and so on that all expect a permanent internet connection to get results.

During installation the system uses your installation media but can use the internet to update those files or install restricted software (like mp3 playback). Studio itself is aimed at the GNU/Linux audio, video and graphic and restricted formats are more than likely not available on the installation media (since it would be a copyright violation) so you will at least once need an internet connection for that. During that one time you can also update your system.

In short: yes you can install and use Ubuntu Studio without an internet connection but it is a lot easier if you do have one.


How To Install VNC Server On Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Install tightvncserver.

apt-get -y install tightvncserver

Login with a user you'd like to set VNC. By the way, this example shows to use Xfce Desktop on VNC.

set VNC password

vncpasswd

Password:

Verify:

start VNC server

tightvncserver :1

New 'dlp:1 (ubuntu)' desktop is dlp:1

Creating default startup script /home/ubuntu/.vnc/xstartup

Starting applications specified in /home/ubuntu/.vnc/xstartup

Log file is /home/ubuntu/.vnc/dlp:1.log

tightvncserver -kill :1

stop once

Killing Xvnc4 process ID 2675

nano ~/.vnc/xstartup

exec xfce4-session &
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
autocutsel -fork
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
/etc/X11/Xsession

  tightvncserver -geometry 1366x768 :1


"service avgd start" should work. make sure you have privileges.

sudo su
service avgd start

if it doesn't work, download the .deb file from here http://download.avgfree.com/filedir/inst/avg85flx-r874-a3473.i386.deb
 and install it with:

dpkg -i avg85flx-r874-a3473.i386.deb
service avgd start

it should work.


How to delete all .class and .csv.gz files in the folder and all the subdirectories in SVN

You can delete all the relevant files from your local system with:

find /path/to/dir -type f \( -name "*.class" -o -name '*.csv.gz' \) -delete

If you then commit the changes, the remote files should also be removed. Alternatively, you can run svn delete on each of the files:

find /path/to/dir -type f \( -name "*.class" -o -name '*.csv.gz' \) -exec svn delete {} \;

You could probably also just do this directly:

shopt -s globstar
svn delete **/*.class **/*.csv.gz


Modify a list: filter it, and rearrange the values in the result

Since your file is structured, with blank lines between records, I'd suggest using awk or perl in paragraph mode. For example, using

one or more blank lines as record separator RS=
colon-space or newline as field separators -F': |\n'

and then printing the desired information if field $2 starts with V:

awk -vRS= -F': |\n' '
  $2 ~ /^V/ {
    print "echo " $1 ": " $2;
    print "Hello -One " $4, "-Two " $6 " --Thanks -for -visiting";
    print "";
  }' file

giving

echo Username: Vsamba@email3.com
Hello -One mm:mm:mm:mm:mm:mm -Two mm:mm:mm:mm:mm:mm:mm:mm:mm:mm:mm:mm:mm:mm:mm --Thanks -for -visiting

echo Username: Vconan@email4.com
Hello -One zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz -Two zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz --Thanks -for -visiting


What is a .txt~ file and how can I open it?

That's an editor backup file. Many Linux/Unix editors create that when saving the file. It's the same file type as the file without the ~, so you can use the same program (typically an editor) to open it.
Please notice that on Linux filename extensions don't have the strong semantics that they have on Windows; it's more a convention than anything else. .txt is commonly used for text files, but you can give them any extension you like (thus the common README name which on Windows would be README.txt), so foo.txt~ can live peacefully side by side to its newer version foo.txt.
That's also why there is the file command that looks inside a file to classify it: Since there is no filename extension for executable files (unlike foo.exe on Windows), there is no way of knowing what a file foo might be.
Desktop file managers use a MIME type database to classify files by their extensions so they can start the correct application to open them, so it makes sense to follow the convention; but this is not enforced in any way.


The link in your question disables the mic, and in my case it even didn't help, the mic became disabled for applications, but the echoing stayed. What I've done to solve this:

Open alsamixer in terminal.

Press F3 to make sure you are on the playback tab.

Find any interesting setting there for "Mic" or "Capture" which shouldn't be there, since we are on the playback tab.

Either mute that volume meter by pressing M or lower its level to zero with the cursor keys.
Now it shouldn't echo back, and recording with the mic should be also possible.

If it still echos back, then you have to mute the mic volumes, just go back to alsamixer press F4 and mute what you have to on the capture tab.


How to save/overwrite an annotated file with Evince?

Use recent version of Evince, no need for workaround.

  I need to click through the folder to find the pdf location manually because the saving location is not the original pdf location by default.

The said issue is apparent for Evince 3.10.3 in 14.04 release. In my case, the default path is $HOME/Downloads rather than $HOME/Desktop. Not sure why the difference.

With recent version of Evince, the said issue is non-existent. I have at least confirmed that saving location is same as the original PDF location by default, using Evince 3.18.2 in 16.04 release.

  I have the feeling there should be an easier work-flow. Do you have an idea?

Sure. If you are consistently working from particular directory, consider to add that directory to the Bookmarks in File Manager. This way, you can always select the directory from the sidebar in File Chooser Dialog. This will reduce to just one or two clicks. Good enough?


How about using Xubuntu? Lubuntu and Xubuntu are two different things - Lubuntu uses the LXDE environment, while Xubuntu uses XFCE, (and vanilla Ubuntu uses Gnome, Kubuntu KDE, etc).

XFCE is known for its low system requirements and ability to run well on systems such as yours. Xubuntu has been tuned and refined for running XFCE on Ubuntu (integration, theming, etc).

Alternatively, you could pick up Ubuntu Server edition (which is largely just a headless insall of Ubuntu) and install the window manager of your choice, such as Rat Poison or one of the *box family (Openbox, Fluxbox, Blackbox), all of which are also known for being extremely lightweight. That would allow you to install only what you want to use, and not have to worry about ripping out unused dependency libraries and whatnot.


Dual booting W7 and Ubuntu on separate hard drives.

There are two ways you can go about this.

The legacy method will have you boot from one drive and choose which OS you want to boot. Boot control then transfers to the appropriate HDD. In this scenario GRUB is installed to the MBR of the boot drive. This could be your Windows or Linux drive. You could also install GRUB to both drives just in case the first drive suffers a failure.

But in your case, UEFI is enabled.

The UEFI method generally sees boot entries written to the BIOS so that the Windows and Linux installations are effectively isolated from one another. You would boot either OS by hitting your Boot Menu key (usually F12) and choose which one you want to boot, or it will boot the "default" OS that is first in the boot order of your BIOS setup.


You need to bridge the interfaces, easiest way is to use bridge-utils as per this guide:

Install bridge-utils

sudo apt update
sudo apt install bridge-utils

Backup /etc/network/interfaces

sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.bak

Bridge configuration

Add this to your /etc/network/interfaces

# Bridge between eth0 and eth1
auto br0
iface br0 inet dhcp
bridge_ports eth0 eth1
bridge_stp off
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxwait 0

Restart networking

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

To restore your initial configuration just restore interfaces.bak and restart networking service

yes "" | cp /etc/network/interfaces.bak /etc/network/interfaces
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart


Getting error while trying to install oci8 using pecl on Ubuntu14.04

PECL is a repository for PHP Extensions, providing a directory of all known extensions and hosting facilities for downloading and development of PHP extensions. The packaging and distribution system used by PECL is shared with its sister, PEAR. PEAR is the PHP Extension and Application Repository, found at https://pear.php.net.

In Ubuntu 14.04 open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install php-pear php5-dev # required in order to use pecl
sudo pecl install oci8-2.0.12

This is the easiest way to install oci8 on Ubuntu 14.04 using pecl, but because of XAMPP you have PHP 7.2 installed. You can switch between PHP versions by following the instructions in How to have two versions of PHP installed and switch easily between them?.

In Ubuntu 16.04 type:

sudo apt install php-pear php7.0-dev # required in order to use pecl
sudo pecl install oci8

In Ubuntu 18.04 type:

sudo apt install php-pear php7.2-dev # required in order to use pecl
sudo pecl install oci8

To view pecl usage information type:

man pecl


How to bring the clock back to the center in gnome-shell?

(converted OP answer originally in his/her question)

The solution I found to this is as follows.

Click the system monitor,
go to preferences and
untick 'move the clock'.


OP posted:

  Solved by adding the path of galfit to the PATH.


create ssh server on my ubuntu 14.04 LTS

On your server (your desktop) temporary enable the password authentication. Open the ssh-server configuration

 sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

and enable the password authentication

PasswordAuthentication yes

Reload the configuration

sudo service ssh reload

Now you could login via ssh and password. If you want the key authentication, follow the additionally steps below.

On your client (MacBook), create a new key pair:

ssh-keygen

Copy your public key via ssh-copy-id

ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -p 22 user@server

or as alternative

cat id_rsa.pub | ssh server cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

On your server (your desktop)

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

and disable the password authentication

PasswordAuthentication no

Reload the configuration

sudo service ssh reload


Facebook not working in all browsers in Ubuntu 14.04

Sometimes, it has to be solved with MTU size of Ethernet. Follow these steps:

Open up System Settings.
Go to Network in the Hardware section.
Select Wired in the list (which is active connection in my case, maybe another in your case).
Click Options button in the bottom of the right side window.
In the Ethernet tab, modify the MTU size to 1460 and click Save.

If it doesn't solve the issue, modify the MTU to other sizes between 1400 and 1500.

Again if the issue persists, modify DNS servers in your modem.


2 hard drives + privacy (Windows 10 and Ubuntu)

By default, Windows can not read the ext4 file system Ubuntu uses at all anyway. To Windows, those partitions have an unknown file system and get displayed as unformatted. Note however that although Windows can not interpret the file system, it can still read it as raw data (e.g. to make a full partition backup image) and overwrite or delete the whole partition, of course.

However, there exist some drivers and applications that allow you to mount ext4 file systems under Windows as well.

So if all you want is to prevent accidental access by users or spying by Microsoft, applications or Windows malware, you normally don't have to do anything. I have never heard of any Windows malware that include an ext4 driver just in case someone might have such file systems.

If you're really paranoid, you will have to consider encrypting your Ubuntu partitions, either the full installation (only except some initial bootloader stuff) or only your home directory. That securely prevents any unauthorized user or application from reading your precious data.


Much better way to install latest drivers for nvidia is to do it from ppa. In this case they will stay after kernel updates. Just run in terminal

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-346
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

And you install the same driver a correct way.


Best tool for this is Aptik. It encrypts and backs up and then restores with all the permissions, with everything going back into its place, rather than just copying.

It has a simple GUI. See this for complete instructions on installation and usage.

https://askubuntu.com/a/694097


Upgraded to Ubuntu 19.10, cannot boot anymore, boot repair log attached

I guess you have a Windows partition along with your Ubuntu one because I can see many NTFS errors.

Basically something during installation messed up your partitions. You have to fix both, Linux and Windows booting.

For the Linux part, use an USB to live boot.

Then install boot repair if it isn't installed:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) universe"
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install boot-repair

  The first line enables universe in order to install the (bit down the tree) python dependency

And then launch it with:

sudo boot-repair

And just follow the instructions.

I would recommend to fix Windows first. Because fixing Linux probably won't fix Windows booting. For Windows you would have to use a USB created with the Windows Media Creation Tool. Boot to USB and select repair. Repair partition/MBR and check system options.


For the .csv file layout that Evolution expects, there's an entry in the German ubuntuusers Wiki (subsection "Beliebige Adressdaten importieren"; first line in the code display):

"First Name","Last Name","id","NickName","E-mail Address","E-mail 2 Address","E-mail 3 Address","E-mail 4 Address","Wants HTML","Business Phone","Home Phone","Business Fax","Pager","Mobile Phone","Home Street","Home Street 2","Home City","Home State","Home Postal Code","Home Country","Business Street","Business Street 2","Business City","Business State","Business Postal Code","Business Country","Job Title","Office","Company","Web Page","Cal uri","Birth Year","Birth Month","Birth Day","Notes"

You could try to re-arrange your .csv file in that order -- e.g. using (OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice) Calc -- , and add that as first line on top of your .csv.


It's a bug in 12.04 as stated here https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/975350


what is xfsprogs doing in ubuntu install?

As stated here, it is needed for XFS filesystem. If you don't need it then remove it, but other applications might depend on it such as Gparted.


How to turn off Nvidia GPU in a hybrid graphics laptop using Ubuntu 14.04?

acpi_call

If you just want to have long battery life and slow temperature, you can use acpi_call: a linux kernel module that enables calls to ACPI. With acpi_call_GUI you can easily install and configure it via graphic interface.

It is a java program that allows you to:

install the acpi_call kernel module (kernel would be recompiled automatically after each update);
Deactivate discrete GPU;
Automatically deactivate discrete GPU on every boot.

If you have enabled systemd, or if you're using other linux distros that support it, you can use acpi_call_GUI_systemd.

See here: https://github.com/marcoDallas/acpi_call_GUI_systemd

Installation

Ensure that you have installed java and git, if not install these packages: git and openjdk-7-jre

After that open a terminal and type the following commands:

git clone https://github.com/marcoDallas/acpi_call_GUI.git
cd acpi_call_GUI
sudo chmod +x install.sh
sudo ./install.sh

How to use

To launch acpi_call_GUI search it in yuor dash and click on the icon, or type in a terminal:

sudo java -jar $HOME/acpi_call_GUI.jar

If you have a separate /home partition, you may need to use this command to launch acpi_call_GUI:

sudo java -jar /usr/local/bin/acpi_call_GUI/acpi_call_GUI.jar

Here's a step-by-step video tutorial that shows how to use this software

FROM: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HybridGraphics


Altering authentication process to incorporate PIN features.

Quick Answer: No you can't, not simply anyways. This would not be a script change it would be a large amount of very complex C/C++ codebase alterations.

Longer answer:  I think "can I write software to do X" is beyond the scope of this site.

If you are a developer with the skill to do this, I would go join a mailing list for one of the display manager of your choice, like lightdm or gdm, and ask about development of this feature.

In my survey of Linux display managers none of them support this, and adding this would involve making deep changes inside the display manager software. This software is probably mostly written in C and C++.


How to install qt sdk (qt 4.x) by apt-get (the full version)?

It's possible by installing following packages

qt-sdk

Qt 4 assistant

Qt creator

Qt 4 designer

Qt 4 inguist


Unknown Error Pops up While installing Oracle Database 11g R2

There are logs for the installer on each attempt in your defined TEMP directory, most of the time it's in /tmp

Check the log contents and provide relevant error messages.


Thunderbird with the lightning extension provides a single application for managing emails, calendars and tasks:

sudo apt-get install thunderbird xul-ext-lightning

You can then install more add-ons, for instance:

Provider for Google Calendar : to sync with your google calendar.
Exchange calendar : to sync with MS outlook servers (this version is working fine).


Can I delete the Deja-dup files if I no longer need the backup

Yes.

Provided you have chosen a sensible backup location, i.e. not in the middle of your Ubuntu system files, all the files in that location are managed by DejaDup, and can be safely deleted. They contain only your own data. Moreover, DejaDup does not care whether the data are there or not.

As soon as DejaDup notices that there are no recent backups it will, however, schedule a full backup as soon as possible, unless you disable DejaDup first.


could not acquire name on session bus -> failed to load session ubuntu

I got exactly the same after upgrading to 13.10, and it was solved uninstalling Cinnamon which I had installed some months ago.

Check if you have alternative desktop installed (out of Gnome fallback), and remove it.
Note that for Cinnamon, I had to purge to make it works (removing was not enough) :

sudo apt-get remove cinnamon
sudo apt-get remove --purge cinnamon*
sudo apt-get autoremove

Hope that helps.


Default User Id at Login different from User Name in Terminal Shell

The easy and safe way

Open Terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T, and type:

sudo chfn username

where username is what shows in front of the @ in the prompt.

Your existing "display name" (shown at the login screen, on the top right of the desktop, etc.) will appear enclosed in brackets [] after Full Name:. Type in whatever you want the new "display name" to be and press enter.

You can leave the remaining fields (Room number, Phone, etc.) blank (just keep pressing enter).

Once done, exit the terminal and logout. You should have a shiny new "display name"!

The direct but risky way

The original version of this answer proposed directly editing /etc/passwd to change the "display name". This is risky if you don't know the format of the passwd file, since a typo could leave you unable to login any more. You have been warned.

The general format is:

username:x:1000:1000:displayname,,,,:/home/username:/bin/bash

Change "displayname" to whatever you want the name displayed on the login screen to be, e.g. "John Doe" or just the same as "username". This name CANNOT contain colons, commas or equal-to signs.

Save and quit your editor, and PLEASE then use pwck to check that the format of /etc/passwd is still valid, using:

sudo pwck | egrep -v "directory.*does not exist"

The response you are looking for is:

pwck: no changes

Otherwise, just logout, and you should see your chosen display name.


How compile/install php-mapscript on Ubuntu 16.04

Thanks to @ThomasG77 i did compile and install php5-mapscript of Mapserver7.0.2
compiled and got loaded successfully:

The manual is based on mapserver general compile documentations:
http://www.mapserver.org/installation/unix.html#compiling

Here is the manual i follow to compile [Ubuntu 16.04 /PHP 5.5.38-3+deb.sury.org~xenial+1]:

installing php5.5:

sudo apt-get purge `dpkg -l | grep php| awk '{print $2}' |tr "\n" " "`
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install php5.5

download and extract mapserver source and change directory:

wget http://download.osgeo.org/mapserver/mapserver-7.0.2.tar.gz
tar xvf mapserver-7.0.2.tar.gz
cd mapserver-7.0.2/

install cmake

sudo apt-get install cmake

make build directory and change to it [~/mapserver-7.0.2/build]:

mkdir build
cd build

install compile requirement

apt-get install libfreetype6-dev
apt-get install php5.5-dev
apt-get install libproj-dev
apt-get install libfribidi-dev
apt-get install libharfbuzz-dev
apt-get install libcairo-dev

config , compile and install

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt \
        -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/91:/usr/local:/opt \
        -DWITH_CLIENT_WFS=ON \
        -DWITH_CLIENT_WMS=ON \
        -DWITH_CURL=ON \
        -DWITH_SOS=ON \
        -DWITH_PHP=ON \
        -DWITH_FCGI=OFF \
        -DWITH_PYTHON=OFF \
        -DWITH_SVGCAIRO=OFF \
        ../ >../configure.out.txt
make
make install
phpenmod mapscript
service apache2 restart


https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/oneiric/+source/vlc/1.1.11-2build2

Choose the correct processor architecture in the Builds links list. That will install, but you have got to solve that problem. Try to change the server: Open 'Software Sources' and in 'Download from:', select 'Other', and then 'Choose the best one'. Hope is helps...


Your dpkg status file seems to be corrupted. However, as Ubuntu does automated backups of this file, you can restore it to a known good copy:

sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/status /var/lib/dpkg/status.bak
sudo cp /var/backups/dpkg.status.0 /var/lib/dpkg/status
sudo apt-get update

If everything goes fine, you can then remove /var/lib/dpkg/status.bak.

Reference: dpkg exit with error parsing file `/var/lib/dpkg/status`, what to do?


I just researched Apple to find out many people have a problem with this particular screen https://discussions.apple.com/thread/4441040

you could try to replace the current display manager like this:

press Ctrl+Alt+F2 now login and type:

sudo service lightdm stop
sudo apt-get remove lightdm
sudo apt-get install gdm
sudo service gdm start #or sudo reboot

and yes Gnome all the way please post your results.


Whenever I try to execute `sudo dd if=/path/to/ubuntu.img of=/dev/rdisk1 bs=1m` it shows an error

You make (minimum) three mistakes:

This part from your command /path/to must be changed with ...full path name for that file. You said that the file is on your desktop. If so, then you should change /path/to with ~/Desktop.
You said the full name of the dmg is ubuntu.img.dmg. So, then you should use this name, not ubuntu.img.
I think that this part is wrong, also: of=/dev/rdisk1 bs=1m. See man dd to understand why.

As a suggestion: before to copy a command and past it in terminal, you should think a little what exactly does that command. Sometimes can be dangerous!


How do I use Apple Magic Trackpad for Firefox navigation?

You can emulate Firefox 'forward' and 'backward' navigation in Touchegg. The normal hotkeys that are used in Firefox for 'forward' and 'backward' navigation are alt-right and alt-left respectively, so it's just a case of configuring Touchegg with a sendkeys action to perform this. I use 3 finger left and right drag mapped to these hotkeys. This emulates the behaviour in Safari on a Macbook. Hope this helps.


How to grant root privilages to an user in ubuntu 18.04

You can use the /etc/sudoers.tmp file to modify the user permissions

First with root user:

sudo -i

run the following command to lead you to the /etc/sudoers.tmp folder

visudo

in the nano screen navigate down to the section #User privilege specification
you can see that the root user have this privilege specifications

root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

you can edit the admin user as the same format or add your user to the file
for example:

mehran ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

you can check if the user have permissions with the command

grep '^sudo' /etc/group

If the output was sudo:x:27:yourusername, then you granted the user root privileges.


What is the best way to know if AMD graphic card is installed?

You can run the lshw -class display command and it will tell you what vendor you are using for your gpu. If you don't have lshw you can install it with apt install lshw


KDE seems not to start ssh-agent automatically. To solve this, install ksshaskpass and

nano ~/.config/autostart-scripts/ssh-add.sh

Enter the following:

#!/bin/sh
export SSH_ASKPASS=/usr/bin/ksshaskpass
/usr/bin/ssh-add $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa </dev/null

Check if the path is correct with whereis ksshaskpass
If you have multiple keys just separate them with a space.

Make the script executable
chmod u+x ~/.config/autostart-scripts/ssh-add.sh

Test it
sh ~/.config/autostart-scripts/ssh-add.sh

After a log-off and in again you will be prompted for a passphrase and this time it will be stored.


Since answering this question, I have come to understand that there is a distinct difference between pdf editing and pdf annotation.  Proper annotation is done using a non-intrusive/non-destructive pdf annotation markup language that can be changed, rearranged & cleaned-up/deleted.  So while xournal and inkscape allow "annotation", it is not in this language and it is not necessarily non-destructive.  Meaning, those using other software may not be able to read it, or can only read the part that ended up permanently changing the document.  The only proper annotation software available on linux, that is software using the pdf annotation markup, is the DocuTrak software (below) running under wine.  (As of 2015.)

As answered previously:

I can't help you with Master PDF Editor, but I have used DocuTrak's PDF Xchange Viewer, which allows document annotation.  It's free (as in beer) and it seems they now also have an "Xchange Editor" (which I have not explored - perhaps they've just split out the editing functions?):
http://www.tracker-software.com/product/downloads

It's a Windows product, but the Viewer, at least, is a stand-alone exe and runs under wine (the MS Win Compatibility Layer).  You can find reports on wine software compatibility at winehq.org.  See, eg.:
http://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=application&iId=5549

Just install the package "wine" and then follow instructions from there.  I remember it as being quite straightforward.

The only other software I've tried for pdf editing (not just annotation) on ubuntu is the pdfedit package, but that's real alpha software.


MacBook Pro boots from 8GB start-up USB, but not from external drive

I think that Boot Repair can help.

Boot Ubuntu from a LiveCD or Live USB and connect to the internet.

Make sure the external hard disk is connected.

Open a terminal, and add the Boot Repair PPA

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update

Install Boot Repair

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Select recommended repair, see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair#Using_Boot-Repair for more details


you can get a way arround by adding the command lspci | grep Audio to the startup applications in the System Settings . So it can be activated every time you log-in


How do I replace/quit Unity in Ubuntu 13.04?

As it turns out, it is as easy as installing metacity  from the software center.

The unresponsiveness was caused by System->Settings->Video Output where in my case Vertical blank sync should be set to Disabled (I have a slow machine).


As a workaround, you should be able to use ctrl-alt-f1 to bring up the user switcher and switch users from there (without using the menu bar dropdown).

If applicable, remember to use your laptop's 'fn' key to make your function keys behave as function keys.

I don't have any solid direction on how to fix the underlying issue of clicking "Switch User" after clicking on your username from the menu bar dropdown sending me to the lock screen, where clicking on "Log in as another user" (below Cancel) merely seems to restart X and bring you back to the lock screen.

After some digging through syslog and X logs, I saw that my logs had segfaults from gnome-session-check-accelerated around the times I was trying to switch users. Googling that led to https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-session/+bug/1715365 which seemed to be a repro case for the bug I was running into, and the ctrl-alt-f1 solution.


How can I record cpu & ram usage on Ubuntu?

You can use the built-in utility vmstat. You can get a technical overview using man vmstat. One note is the software in its default parameters doesn't lend itself well to modern computers with abundant RAM. For example:
$ vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 3  0      0 578120 827392 3317480    0    0    14    65  250  149 34 17 49  0  0

The RAM is listed in bytes causing detail lines not to line up with column headings. To circumvent instruct vmstat to display in Megabytes:
$ vmstat -S M
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 1  0      0    576    808   3236    0    0    14    65  250  149 34 17 49  0  0

The documentation below which is from: Use vmstat to Monitor System Performance
What is vmstat?
vmstat is a tool that collects and reports data about your system’s memory, swap, and processor resource utilization in real time. It can be used to determine the root cause of performance and issues related to memory use.
How to Use vmstat
Use the vmstat command to run the program. Consider the following output:
$ vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa
 0  0   3532 148760  50700 1397880    0    0     1     2    6    6  3  1 97  0

This data provides an average view of virtual memory and system usage since the last reboot. Often, the following form of the command is used:
vmstat [interval] [count]

In this example, the first line of data provides the average since the last boot time. Subsequent reports, until [count] is reached, report data on the current state of the system every [interval] seconds.
vmstat Commands
vmstat is often run with an interval of 1 second for a small number of seconds depending on kind of problem the administrator is trying to diagnose. The following example illustrates an interval of one (1) second twenty (20) times:
$ vmstat 1 20
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa
 0  0   3996 168488  57100 1368636    0    0     1     2    0    0  3  1 97  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57100 1368728    0    0     0     0  144  303  1  0 100  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57100 1368984    0    0   256     0  162  464  1  0 99  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57100 1368972    0    0     0     0  239  638  3  0 97  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57100 1368952    0    0     0     0  242  529  1  1 99  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57100 1368952    0    0     0     0  148  430  1  0 99  0
 1  0   3996 168604  57100 1368952    0    0     0     0  222  451  6  0 94  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57100 1368952    0    0     0     0  141  270  2  0 98  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57100 1368952    0    0     0     0  166  450  1  0 99  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57100 1368952    0    0     0     0  133  410  0  0 99  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57100 1368952    0    0     0     0  196  398  0  0 99  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57100 1368952    0    0     0     0  187  510  1  0 100  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57108 1368952    0    0     0    16  263  677  2  0 97  1
 0  0   3996 168604  57108 1368952    0    0     0     0  205  431  1  0 98  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57108 1368964    0    0     0     0  179  467  1  0 98  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57108 1368964    0    0     0     0  169  446  2  0 98  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57108 1368964    0    0     0     0  202  365  2  0 98  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57108 1369208    0    0   256     0  226  458  2  1 96  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57108 1369208    0    0     0    40  202  501  2  0 98  0
 0  0   3996 168604  57108 1369220    0    0     0     0  154  295  2  0 98  0

You may run vmstat without a [count] argument if you want ongoing reports of the system’s status in real time. In these cases, intervals of 30 seconds or more may be desirable.
$ vmstat 30
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa
 0  0   3996 167868  57108 1369788    0    0     1     2    0    0  3  1 97  0
 0  0   3996 167860  57108 1369920    0    0     0     0  274  604  2  0 98  0
 0  0   3996 167860  57108 1369928    0    0     0     0  196  481  1  0 98  0
 0  0   3996 167860  57116 1369908    0    0     0    12  164  414  1  1 97  1
 0  0   3996 167860  57116 1369892    0    0     0     0  168  320  0  0 100  0
 0  0   3996 167860  57116 1369884    0    0     0     0  142  398  1  0 99  0
 0  0   3996 167860  57116 1369880    0    0     0     0  175  450  1  1 98  0
^C

You may choose to direct this output to a file for logging instead of leaving it running endlessly in a background terminal session. To stop the vmstat process, send the break character (^C or Control+C) as above.
In the default operation, vmstat displays memory statistics in kilobytes. vmstat considers a single kilobyte equal to 1024 bytes. To generate vmstat reports where 1 kilobyte is equal to 1000 bytes, use the following form:
$ vmstat -S k 1 10
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa
 0  0   4091 150192  58982 1422041    0    0     1     2    0    0  3  1 97  0
 0  0   4091 150183  58982 1422381    0    0   256     0  201  518  1  0 99  0
 2  0   4091 150183  58982 1422356    0    0     0     0  638 1356  7  1 92  0
 0  0   4091 150183  58982 1422360    0    0     0     0  859 1087  5  2 93  0
 0  0   4091 150183  58982 1422331    0    0     0     0  404 1100  2  0 97  0
 0  0   4091 150183  58982 1422331    0    0     0     0  281  601  2  0 97  0
 0  0   4091 150183  58982 1422327    0    0     0     0  279  468  3  0 97  0
 0  0   4091 150183  58982 1422331    0    0     0     0  250  572  3  0 97  0
 0  0   4091 150183  58990 1422323    0    0     0    16  280  598  4  0 95  1
 0  0   4091 150183  58998 1422319    0    0     0    52  270  451  3  0 96  1

vmstat can also display reports with memory sizes reported in megabytes. vmstat reports with the argument -S m will consider a single megabyte equal to 1000 kilobytes as follows:
$ vmstat -S m 1 10
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa
 0  0      4    169 58   1404    0    0 1     2    0    0  3  1 97  0
 0  0      4    169 58   1405    0    0 0     0  194  508  1  0 98  0
 0  0      4    169 58   1405    0    0 0     0  154  443  0  0 99  0
 0  0      4    169 58   1405    0    0 0     0  192  380  0  0 100  0
 0  0      4    169 58   1405    0    0 0     0  287  766  3  0 97  0
 1  0      4    169 58   1405    0    0 0     0  222  583  1  1 99  0
 0  0      4    169 58   1405    0    0 0    36  166  304  1  0 99  0
 0  0      4    169 58   1405    0    0 0     0  189  473  1  0 99  0
 0  0      4    169 58   1405    0    0 0     0  164  430  1  0 99  0
 0  0      4    169 58   1405    0    0 0     0  186  343  0  0 100  0

vmstat is also able to display megabytes such that a single megabyte is equal to 1024 kilobytes with the argument -S M. Consider the following example:
$ vmstat -S M 1 10
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa
 0  0      3    162 55   1339    0    0 1     2    0    0  3  1 97  0
 0  0      3    162 55   1339    0    0 0     0  425  700  1  1 98  0
 0  0      3    162 55   1339    0    0 0     0  712  997  1  2 97  0
 0  0      3    162 55   1339    0    0 0    20  479 1079  3  0 96  1
 0  0      3    162 55   1339    0    0 0     0  264  406  2  0 98  0
 0  0      3    162 55   1339    0    0 0     0  273  552  3  0 97  0
 0  0      3    162 55   1339    0    0 0     0  218  467  1  0 99  0
 0  0      3    162 55   1339    0    0 0     0  250  434  1  0 99  0
 0  0      3    162 55   1339    0    0 0     0  200  444  2  0 98  0
 0  0      3    162 55   1339    0    0 0     0  313  771  3  1 96  0


I had a similar problem and found no solution on the web. I thought it was impossible to publish on Picasa with Shotwell in Xubuntu, but I eventually found a very simple solution for me so I post it here for others.

I have Xubuntu 14.04 and I had Shotwell 18.0 installed from the official repository. When I clicked on the "publish" icon in Shotwell in order to publish on Picasa, a dialog appeared with one only choice : Piwigo. When trying to add another choice the windows disappeared without telling anything.

The solution that worked for me :

from the software library I installed the "ubuntu system settings online accounts"
in the terminal I installed the last stable version of Shotwell:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install shotwell

Now I have Shotwell version 0.20.2, and when I try to publish a photo, the dialog gives more choices : Piwigo, Picasa, Flickr, Facebook

When I chose Picasa, I was able to login with my usual login and password and it works. So I'm relieved I can use Picasa again.


One possibility is that the mirror you are installing from is slow.  Ubuntu gives you the option of which server you want updates to come from.

Find the Software Sources screen (try searching for it from the launcher if necessary).

Where it says Download from: select a different source.  Try one of the main country ones, but not the same one you already had selected.


How do I install a WatchGuard Deep Packet Inspection root certificate onto a Ubuntu Linux workstation?

Download the certificate from the firewall's certificate portal website. You can find it at the address below. Replace firewall.ip.addr.ess with your firewalls IP.

http://firewall.ip.addr.ess:4126/certportal

If you don't know your firewall IP, it is a good chance that it is your default gateway. Use this command to find your default gateway.

netstat -nr |egrep ^0.0.0.0|awk '{print $2}'

Make a directory in your local root certificate store to put your certificate into and move the file in being sure the certificate extension is changed to *.crt.

sudo mkdir /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/wg-dpi/
sudo cp ~/Downloads/ProxyCA.cer /usr/local/share/ca-certificate/wg-dpi/watchguard-dpi.crt

Update your Certificate Authority store. The command output should confirm adding one certificate.

sudo update-ca-certificates

You should see something like this at the end of the output.

Certificate added: O=WatchGuard_Technologies, OU=Fireware, CN=Fireware HTTPS Proxy (SN 80DA00F0B0000 2016-19-77 22:46:25 UTC) CA
1 new root certificates were added to your trust store.

If you are using the Chrome web browser

In chrome, enter the URL:  chrome://settings/advanced
Select "Manage Certificates" Button
Click "Authoritities" Tab
Click "Import" button
Enter "/usr/local/share/ca-certificate/wg-dpi/watchguard-dpi.crt"
Select "Open"
Select "Done"
Restart Chrome


How to make the brightness keys work on an HP Folio 13?

Guys it worked for me with this setting in /etc/default/grub :

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="acpi_osi="

Yep, this is empty value for acpi_osi...

Don't forget to do sudo update-grub and restart after you edit the /etc/default/grub file.


Removing specific characters and print in separate lines

With sed:

sed 's/[KR[:blank:]]\+/\n/g' A.txt

sed 's/[KR[:blank:]]\+/\n/g' A.txt substitute all one or more K, R, and space/tab with newline from A.txt

With awk:

awk -F '[KR[:blank:]]+' '{for(i=1; i<=NF; i++) print $i}' A.txt

-F '[KR[:blank:]]+' sets the field separator as one or more K, R, space/tab
{for(i=1; i<=NF; i++) print $i} iterates over and prints the fields

You can leverage awk for searching resulting patterns on another file by using the two files as arguments, and working from there.

More generic would be to use grep to take patterns from an input filename, you can use process substitution to get a file descriptor:

grep -f <(awk/sed ... A.txt) B.txt

For exact match, add -F:

grep -Ff <(awk/sed ... A.txt) B.txt

Example:

% cat A.txt
MSTNPKPQRK  TKRNTNRRPE  DVKFPGGQI

% sed 's/[KR[:blank:]]\+/\n/g' A.txt
MSTNP
PQ
T
NTN
PE
DV
FPGGQI

% awk -F '[KR[:blank:]]+' '{for(i=1; i<=NF; i++) print $i}' A.txt
MSTNP
PQ
T
NTN
PE
DV
FPGGQI


What does the output of apt-get install --dry-run mean?

The output of apt-get --dry-run means, as you already figured out, that openssl 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.11 is currently installed on your system and that it will be replaced with openssl 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.12 once you run the install command.

The numbers (500 and 100) in the output of apt-cache policy openssl indicate the priority of the given repository. As you can see, there are packages of openssl 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.12 available from two repositories (precise-updates and precise-security), both with a priority of 500. If the precise-security priority were to be 700, apt-get would first try to download the package from that repository.


Why is Meld not identifying differences?

I get this result when I disable the display of new and modified files in Meld. The options for this can be found in the toolbar here, but this may not be the case for you. However you can also find them in the menu → View → File Status; enable all three of the entries there.


Ubuntu 18.10 not adding gamepad device because it isn't a dualshock 4

I have plugged in the controller with a usb cable and I then did $ fwupdmgr get updates followed bu $ fwupdmgr update.  - I reconnected via bluetooth and this time the controller came up as 8BitDo... whoot!


Opera Prefers Flash over HTML5 on Youtube

Actually, I was wandering around Opera extensions. So I found this extension to get over this issue. It simply forces Opera to use Flash over HTML5 player and works in embedded players.

I wanted to answer as a solution just in case. If there appears another solution for HTML5 player, I'll try that with pleasure.


Filesystem Information shows between Plymouth and Login Screen 16.04

If the message is something like

/dev/sda2: clean, 201776/60878736 files, 4991277/243040256 blocks

You need to do ... nothing, thats perfectly fine, this message should normaly be invisible but somehow it snuck to visbility.

It just tells you that there are no orphaned nodes and that your journal is clean.


Can't play QuickTime RLE in Ubuntu 14.04

I believe that support is included in Ubuntu Restricted Extras available for installation through the software center.

It seems like something went awry with mplayer between svn36171 and svn36210.

source:  http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/2013-May/086267.html

Try playing with Xine


Disable RAM memory caching for a particular program

Have a look at the kernel documentation on "drop_caches".

https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt

Here's a small section:-

Writing to this will cause the kernel to drop clean caches, as well as
reclaimable slab objects like dentries and inodes.  Once dropped, their
memory becomes free.

To free pagecache:
    echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
To free reclaimable slab objects (includes dentries and inodes):
    echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
To free slab objects and pagecache:
    echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

This is a non-destructive operation and will not free any dirty objects.
To increase the number of objects freed by this operation, the user may run
`sync' prior to writing to /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches.  This will minimize the
number of dirty objects on the system and create more candidates to be
dropped.


I was able to make it work by permanently disabling IBus with the following command (based on this answer):

im-config -n xim

Not sure whether IBus should be the default input method or not in new  Kubuntu/KDE. So I don't know if this is more workaround or an actual fix (and IBus should not be used at all). Would be nice if someone with more in-depth knowledge can comment on that.

You can get rid of ibus package completely by sudo apt-get remove ibus (see comments).


Failed to fetch on `apt-get update` with Ubuntu 16.04 sever(CLI) on raspberry pi 3

This is likely because you don't have network connectivity on the Raspberry Pi. First check if you actually can reach the Internet via:

ping google.com

If this fails then you need to connect the Raspberry Pi to the Internet first.


How do I read local email in thunderbird?

(When I am discussing the setup below, I am using desktop Ubuntu 12.04)

Now that you have installed postfix (it can be reconfigured with sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix) and now there is a file called main.cf in /etc/postfix, Thunderbird can be set up to read any system emails. However, I have found that it often takes a bit more time than has been suggested if you want to both receive from and send messages to root@localhost.

First, as recommended in this discussion what worked for me was to use postfix's aliases feature to allow mail to be redirected; edit the aliases file with sudo nano /etc/aliases so that it looks like this (replace my user name with your own):

postmaster:    root
root:   mike

Then run sudo newaliases so that the configuration is updated.

As also noted in the above link, you need to create a .forward file containing your username and localhost: e.g. mike@localhost so that root's mail will be forwarded to you. To do this, enter these commands:

sudo touch /root/.forward

and then run

sudo nano /root/.forward

to place your user: e.g. mike@localhost in the file and save it.

In addition, I found it was necessary to add your user to the mail group so that Thunderbird could access the mail files:

sudo adduser $USER mail

and then logout and login for the changes to take effect. There is no need to chown or chmod any files, as some articles might suggest.

Now for the Thunderbird configuration. Go to edit > account settings > account actions > add other account > select Unix spoolmail and in the next screen put your username in the first box and place yourusername@localhost in the second box.

Now, go to your new account in account settings and select server settings and select the local directory as /var/mail or /var/mail/username (if setup), as in the screenshot below.

As per the instructions in this article you will need to configure the smtp server if you want to test the account by sending a mail to root@localhost and then clicking get mail in Thunderbird to receive it, as root's mail is being redirected to youruser@localhost.

Go to account settings > outgoing server and choose to add a new one. The settings should be as in the screenshot below:

Now, finally test your account by composing a mail to root@localhost and then a few seconds later clicking get mail on your account. You should see an email like this:

Some programs or logs will need to be configured so that they send mail to root, but that can be decided as you find the need. This article should hopefully be useful as it is not always straightforward to set up Thunderbird to receive local mail.


Why Startup Disk Creator is showing a blank DVD's capacity as 2KB where 4.7 GB is free?

Because the app is only for usb & sd drives, not dvd's

"Startup Disk Creator converts a USB key or SD card into a volume from which you can start up and run Ubuntu"

To burn your iso to disk, right click on it in file manager, and choose Write to Disk.


Will Nvidia Proprietary Drivers work or should I use Manually installed CUDA for Ubuntu 12.04 & Blender 2.64?

To insure that you receive all Nvidia updates without need to reinstall them each time kernel updates use PPA below

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Regarding Nvidia Cuda. By default it is not supported so even if you install the Nvidia drivers CUDA doesn't work. You have to install CUDA manually. Simple search in google or use this tutorial
http://sn0v.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/installing-cuda-on-ubuntu-12-04/


You probably are using software RAID, right?  If so, you need to either purchase a hardware RAID card, or sacrifice your RAID setup for Ubuntu.

You can buy hardware RAID controllers for as little as $20, and they also improve RAID performance.  Alternatively you can trash the RAID to install Ubuntu, or a 3rd option: add another HDD in there and install to that.


To install VIM editor in ubuntu use,

1) to make sure you have the latest sources.list

sudo apt-get update

2) To install vim

sudo apt-get install vim

Also, Vim is pre-installed in Linux based OS. For Ubuntu it minimal version is pre-installed.

vim.tiny

You can create alias to run it as vim

alias vim=vim.tiny

To make that alias permanent,

Add "alias vim=vim.tiny" line in ~/.bashrc file


your password that you use to login.
as you type it will appear blank.
just type it anyway and hit enter.

resources on 'sudo'

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo

its a tedious read but will inform you well on what sudo/root is and what it can do for you


Not all of these libraries are necessary to use the plugins supported by Pipelight. You can find a list of really essential libraries at http://pipelight.net/cms/faqs/faq-libraries-missing.html

Some libraries are only required for very specific use cases like libnetapi.so which makes it possible for Wine to interact with Windows servers and Windows network shares. This is not used by any of the supported plugins and you do not need to care about it. There was also a bug report at https://bugs.launchpad.net/pipelight/+bug/1327518 to fix these remaining libraries and most of them should be fixed in the next release (except libnetapi.so which is not multiarch ready on Ubuntu yet).


No Sound with Gigabyte G1.Sniper Z97 Mainboard

I had this same issue when trying to use this board with Manjaro.  When I installed Windows to see if it would work there, it didn't until I installed the audio drivers that came with the board.  I think we have to find linux versions of the audio drivers for the board.  I believe they were Realtek drivers.

Sorry for the newbie answer.  But I'm trying to switch to linux too.


This is kind of a know situation and luckily, there is a solution...If you check out this post (http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=12155, you will have a nice little explanation on what to do to get the same look n feel within your remote session....

In a few words, you will need to install the gnome tweak software in your Ubuntu and using the tool, you will be able to enable the launcher and the theme to be used...

You have even more luck as the blog is also providing a script that can help automating this process...Have a look at this post ([http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=12198])2. The script is set to version 0.3 and allows you to configure automatically the look n feel within the remote session

Finally note, that this is not the last version of the script, a more recent version is also available and version number is set to 0.5.

Hope this is helpful
Till next time
See ya


my 8GB HP pendrive doesnot show up when i run fdisk -l but displays in disk utility...unable to format from ther or Gparted

Create a new partition table using gparted, then create a new partition on it and then format it!

If that still doesn't work, the drive is broken and needs to be replaced...  :-(


Can postgresql and mysql run together in the same machine ?

yes.

  If it can, can you tell me how to configure mysql database to run with postgresql ? Or give me some reference.

Ehm. There is no conflict between the 2 so you install mysql the normal way (sudo apt-get install mysql-server) , you install postgres (sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib) the normal way. And then you basically create a user, set permissions and create a database. Using some kind of software to create a DBI connector and of you go.

The 2 run on different ports so there is nothing to hinder each other. The only thing: both will try to use the most out of your machine and compete for I/O, network access and memory so one of them is likely to slow down significantly if the other is doing something heavy.


Unable to install mysql with Can't read dir of '/etc/mysql/conf.d/' error

After all I installed Ubuntu to hard drive instead running it from usb and after that everything went smoothly.


Is it possible to give sftp access to a user without giving him ssh access?

Well, rssh is a restricted shell providing sftp access but no ssh access.

sudo apt-get install rssh
sudo chsh -s /usr/bin/rssh $username

You might have to

sudo bash -c "echo '/usr/bin/rssh' >> /etc/shells"

to make it a "valid" shell.

Update 9-13-2012 for Ubuntu 12.04

The file, /etc/rssh.conf, has the various kinds of access commented; so, for sftp, uncomment line #10, "#allowsftp".

sudo -e /etc/rssh.conf

Change

#allowsftp

to

allowsftp

Save.


You can use synaptic as a Graphical User Interface (How to install Synaptic Package Manager?) or the commandline to find and uninstall these libraries.

In the commandline do apt-cache search libav. See what libraries are found and remove (or purge) these as follows sudo apt-get remove packageName where you replace packageName with the results you found and want to delete.

After the removal you might want to run sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get autoremove. Note that any software depending on libav might either no longer be fully functional or might be removed.

Enjoy an libav-free system.


You need something to emulate a Bonjour Sleep Proxy client and there is something that does do that: Sleep Proxy Client.

I'd really recommend reading through that page but the instructions for installing it are pretty simple:

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://repo.weinlein.info unstable main'
echo '-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.10 (GNU/Linux)
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=kSu4
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----' | sudo apt-key add -

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sleepproxyclient


How can I automatically have old e-mails deleted in Evolution?

The only way I know is to create a filter: Edit → Message Filters → Add

Condition: Date received is 30 day ago
Action: Delete

This filter is never applied automatically, since evolution only check filters on new mails, but you can run it manually by clicking Ctrl+Y.
Remember to expunge the folder (Ctrl+E) to permanently remove those messages.


Upgrade 11.10 to 12.04 on Eee PC failed. GLIBC_2.14 not found

I have encountered a similar issue trying to upgrade Linux Mint 12 (Lisa - based on Ubuntu 11.10)to Linux mint 13 (Maya - based on Ubuntu 12.04).

I think you need to install GLIBC manually. If some dependancy issue doesn't let you install it then you might need to remove the offending package, download .deb from one of the repositories, install them manually using 'dpkg' and then try the upgrade again.

Here is a link that I think might be useful:

http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=46&t=103237#p586961


Installing ubuntu 12.10 on a laptop with windows 8 pre installed, such that bootloader of windows 8 is used

You can use EasyBCD for using the Widnows bootloader.

Run it from inside Windows, and you can make the desired changes.


Use a different window manager with gnome3?

As GNOME Shell is the window manager, no, you can't really replace the WM and run GNOME Shell (ie GNOME 3).

You are trying to create a session in the same way you would have with GNOME 2.x 10 years ago. This does not work with modern systemd and such. You will have to create a systemd target for the session you wish to define, and do something like this in your gnome-stump.desktop:

Exec=/usr/lib/gnome-session/run-systemd-session gnome-stump-session.target

You can browse the normal targets in /usr/lib/systemd/user/ as a reference.


terminal x clipboard 0~ prepended 1~ added

This problem seems to be due to "bracketed paste mode".
A fix is to issue a printf "\e[?2004l" (I put an alias for it). More information on Arch forum.


Still can't mount Windows 8 drive after restart

I had been able to do the read only mount, but needed to be able to save documents created in Ubuntu to my Windows drive. I was finally able to execute the command

powercfg /h off

in a Windows cmd session by choosing the Run as Administrator option when executing cmd.exe.

This solved the  problem, albeit at the cost of disabling all hibernation options for Windows (including fast restart). I can now only sleep, restart or shut down in all menus and dialogs. Starting Windows takes noticeably longer, but my Windows 8.1 volume mounts fine in the Linux environment.


Finally I was able to install Ubuntu.
It turns out that there is a n option to change optane to AHCI in BIOS but it is hidden. You will have to press ctrl + s while in BIOS>> main and the option will be enabled and visible.


Can't find a usable init.tcl and conflict version tcl

I think the issue is that the simpson installer is bundled with its own (out of date) versions of libtcl8.6.so (among other shared libraries) which conflicts with the "system" version.

What I'd suggest is installing ALL of the relevant packages (FFTW, BLAS etc.) from the Ubuntu repos and then commenting out the TCL_LIBRARY and LD_LIBRARY_PATH exports in the <bindir>/simpson wrapper script, where <bindir> is the location you supplied to the installer script - so that the bundled libs are ignored altogether.

So for example if <bindir> is ~/bin, then ~/bin/simpson should look something like

#!/bin/sh
#export TCL_LIBRARY=/home/steeldriver/share/tcl8.6
#export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/steeldriver/share
/home/steeldriver/share/simpson4.2.1 "$@"


Trying to install an openVPN GUI messed up sudoers

You can probably restore your sudoers file by typing pkexec visudo in a shell.


Managing Kile installation in ubuntu 12.04

I ran into this same problem while trying to get a system image ready for next semester.

I got the same errors when I tried to use the Ubuntu software center.

So I opened a terminal and ran sudo apt-get install kile.
This also had errors, so I ran this command, sudo apt-get update, in the terminal.

After the updates I was able to run the first command but modified it to this, sudo apt-get install kile --fix-missing.

At this time, it is still running as latex takes a while to install, but it seems to be working.


Error: Username is not in the sudoers/No recovery menu to change password

If the problem is [only] with the sudoers file, you can find help at this Ubuntu help page,

help.ubuntu.com/community/Sudoers

The problem might also be with the /etc/group file, and in that case you can refer to the following link to another question here at AskUbuntu,

How do I add a user to the “sudo” group?


Ubuntu 18.04- create img file from SD, But different size

One way to do what you want is to

If possible, make a backup copy (by cloning to another drive of at least the same size) before starting this adventure.
Shrink/move the partition(s) on the 8GB card, so that all the partition(s) end before 4 GB. You can do that with gparted, when booted from another drive, for example an Ubuntu live drive.
If there is an MSDOS partition table, that's it, but if there is a GUID partition table, GPT, you must also repair the backup partition table at the tail end of the drive. You can do that with gdisk or with the shellscript gpt-fix.
Now you are ready for cloning, and it should work with dd, but is safer to use a tool with a final checkpoint, for example Disks alias gnome-disks.


AWStats icons are not showing / Error 404

I found the answer for AWStats under Ubuntu 12.10. Please see my edited question for details.


Ethernet link not detected in ubuntu 14.04 after update

I can confirm this bug.
Faced same issue and It's not wiring problem, it's problem of r8169 driver that appeared recent update. I think they have already found a bug in this module
https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/2/21/161

A temporary fix could be building original realtek driver (r8168) and replace current r8169 with it.

https://unixblogger.wordpress.com/2011/10/18/the-pain-of-an-realtek-rtl8111rtl8168-ethernet-card/

install requirements

  sudo apt-get install build-essential
  get and extract the latest driver from Realtek website, enter the directory you unpacked driver to
  build & install driver:

  sudo make clean modules

  sudo make install

make sure r8168.ko is present in your kernel drivers:

  sudo locate -i r8168

one of lines in the output should be something like this:

  /modules/3.13.0-46-generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/realtek/r8168.ko

ban r8169 and rebuild kernel depencies

  sudo echo “blacklist r8169″ >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

  sudo depmod -a

Make it available for boot

  sudo echo “r8168″ >> /etc/modules

After reboot check the loaded driver

  lspci -v|grep -A 7 Realtek

Last line should be "Kernel driver in use: r8168″

I hope this helps.


Can I reprioritize the queue in Ubuntu One?

You cannot change the order, in which Ubuntu One downloads the files. I'm not even sure you can chose to skip certain file formats.

Is it possible for you to sign in on the web, and fetch them directly instead? If you place them in the correct folders, there might be a chance they sync before Ubuntu One download new files.


I suggest you have pip in your virualenv, its useful.

Note: must have pygame's dependencies installed, you can find out what they are and install them with:

sudo apt-get build-dep python-pygame

Then try this:

rm -rf ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3 #clean what you have there
mkdir -p ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3
virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3
. ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/activate
pip install pygame


airodump-ng not shows stations in 16.04LTS

The current solution is buy a new wireless card.Because currently there is no solution to get airmon-ng worked properly with  Ralink RT2870/3070 rt2800usb drivers in Ubuntu 16.04LTS.As a reference my new driver is  rtl8192cu and working as expected.


How can I open/show the default content-help-dialog with quickly?

I found a solution on: Gnome documentation and Python documentation.
With the python command,

import commands
...
commands.getstatusoutput(yelp path/to/index.page)

I am able show the index.page file in my app.


Two hard drives, Two Operating systems on single computer

You do not need to format a disk previous to install Ubuntu. The install process will format if for you.

The easiest way for a newbie is to disconnect your Windows drive, then boot from Ubuntu Live USB and install it on the only disk using default options.

After Ubuntu is installed, connect the Windows disk, make sure that first boot device is the disk, where Ubuntu is located. Boot to Ubuntu and run there in terminal

sudo update-grub

Windows will be found and you will have grub menu on boot asking which OS to load.

There are lots of ways doing it otherwise, but IMHO this the safest and easiest way for a newbie.


Is there a Trash explorer to explore and restore .Trash-$uid contents?

It seems that Trash-bin dos NOT work right with Bind-Mounts!
But if the files are there Unhide them and you can drag them out where they belong (after chmod -R g+rwx) with Nautilus or another Gui-filemanager.
Then you have to delete the rest of the files from the terminal.
Hope this works for you.


There is a sample, default .bashrc file located in /etc/skel - you could make a backup of your current .bashrc with mv .bashrc .bashrc.bak and then cp /etc/skel/.bashrc .bashrc to copy that sample back to your home directory. After that, un-comment force_color_prompt=yes in the new file and add [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" back to the end (last line) of the file so that RVM still works.

After that, execute . .bashrc at a prompt to reload your bash profile, which should give you a colored prompt again and test RVM with the command type rvm | head -1 which should return the text: rvm is a function

If this doesn't work, please let us know if you are using the standard Terminal app on Mac OS X, and what profile you are using in Terminal on your Mac.


How to insert an emoji into a text in Ubuntu 18.04 and later?

With the release of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS you can use emoji on Ubuntu right out of the box , so you already have everything you need for the native GTK Linux apps like Gedit, Corebird, Rhythmbox, Geary and Terminal (Source: OMG Ubuntu). All you have to do to access the emoji picker in a native Linux app is right-click (or ctrl + .) in a text-field and select the “Insert Emoji” option from the context menu.
This picker pop-over lets you:

Browse emoji by category
Pick from recently used emoji
Search for emoji by name
Click on an emoji to enter it
The emoji picker even works on other Linux distros & desktops besides Ubuntu, including Ubuntu MATE and Ubuntu Budgie.
Sadly the emoji picker doesn’t work everywhere . You won’t see the option provided in non-GTK apps, like Firefox, Wire Messenger, Chromium, or LibreOffice, even not with Evolution (the previous default email client in Ubuntu).
If the app you’re using doesn’t have that option, please file a bug, like the one for gedit.
For more background info browse to Ubuntu Community Hub.

For Ubuntu 18.10 and later, Emoji Choice popup is handy tool, see answer of kenorb, please vote his answer up, too.
Hitting Control-Shift-E, then press Space works in most apps.

For non-GTK apps like Firefox, Wire Messenger, Chromium, or LibreOffice, you can use the GNOME Shell Extensions Emoji Selector:

Another option is to install the GNOME Characters app to easily browse emoji.
Optionally, you can enable emoji search in the Activities Overview by using the Settings app. Just open Settings > Search and turn on Characters.

If you are not on Gnome, this Emoji keyboard is simple but effective. You can find more information on the virtual keyboard-like emoji picker app (plus an installer) over on the project Github page.

UniEmoji (for a specific input framework called IBus): "If you prefer to type them out for easy use, then there’s a very easy solution on Linux. It combines software to let you type in foreign languages, with an input method that gives it the ability to type in emojis. When everything is set up, you should be able to type whatever emoji you like, either by inputting them, or searching. This can be much faster and easier than something like a popup window, but takes a little more setting up." For how to set this up, please check this article. As it is quite long, the integration of the instructions would push the boundaries of this answer.

Mojibar could be an option (although not updated since 2017), it works on many desktop environments, see answer of kissu, please vote his answer up, too. You can download the zip-folder of the Electron App, and drag into your apps folder and it probably works without installing, just double-click on the Mojibar file.

In Ubuntu 19.04 (and later): GNOME 3.32 adds emoji input to the on-screen keyboard, it should make it easier to reply with a well-timed emote from a touchscreen device.

Emote was mentioned by James, please vote the answer below up, too. The emoji picker can be opened with either the keyboard shortcut (choosing one or several emojis) or by clicking the app icon again. More details on the Github page.
Install the snap app from the Software Center or Snap Store on or in a terminal:
sudo snap install emote

Emoji OnBoard keyboard layout was mentioned by Tanius, please vote the answer below up, too. It is an emoji chooser layout for the default Ubuntu onscreen keyboard "Onboard". strong textIt works for all applications. Instructions for how to us on the github.

There might be an answer to an earlier question that still works for you.

Which emoji font will be shown?
When there are more than one emoji fonts installed, different apps use different fonts:
e.g. Segoe Emoji (seguiemj.ttf) is used by the Wire desktop App by default, Emoji One (emojione-android.ttf) is used by Evolution by default on my Ubuntu 20.04 system.
How to only use Noto Emoji font?
Uninstall the other emoji fonts:
Search in Font Manager (font-manager in the normal package list) for emoji fonts.
Open the corresponding folders as root.
Delete the emoji fonts (e.g. seguiemj.ttf, emojione-android.ttf).
Restart the app (or login/logout of the session).
For Thunderbird to behave, I did this:
I created ~/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/01-emoji.conf with the following text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
  <alias>
    <family>serif</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>
  <alias>
    <family>sans-serif</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>
  <alias>
    <family>monospace</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>
</fontconfig>

Then run:
fc-cache -f -v

The answers to this question can be helpful, too: 18.04: color emoji not showing up at all in Chrome, only partially in Firefox
And a similar answer: How do I configure the default emoji font to be used in OS/Browser?.


I use PureVPN too. Just don`t touch MTU-parameter or smth...

I recommend you to use OpenVPN.

And here is my solution:
For some reason firewall is filtering your TUN/TAP interface by default even without any rules.

So you need to exclude your virtual TUN or TAP interface from Linux firewall.
You can exclude your TUN/TAP just by running these commands in terminal -

sudo iptables -A INPUT -i tun0 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i tun0 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i tap0 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i tap0 -j ACCEPT

Or by adding these rules in Ubuntu (g)ufw (best practice).
Edit this file -

sudo gedit /etc/ufw/before.rules

And add this lines at the bottom of the file before line with word COMMIT

 # allow all on loopback (!check if you already have this!)
-A ufw-before-input -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-output -o lo -j ACCEPT

 # allow all traffic via our OpenVPN TUN/TAP interfaces
-A ufw-before-input -i tun0 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -i tap0 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -i tun0 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -i tap0 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -o tun0 -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -o tap0 -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -o tun0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -o tap0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

Save and exit.

And last thing - we need to enable IP-forwarding feature.
Open in terminal file sysctl.conf -

sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf

And add this line in the bottom -

# Enable IP forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

Save and exit.
After that apply the changes by running that command in terminal -

sudo sysctl -p

That`s it!

Now reboot, connect to your VPN-server and check youtube or P2P-sharing.


boot ubuntu 20.04 on a raspberry pi 4 from SSD

On the RPi, if you look in the file /boot/firmware/cmdline.txt you will see that with 20.04 the root filesystem is defined as:

root=LABEL=writable rootfstype=ext4

This means the root filesystem is identified by the partition label named 'writable'.

If you run the following command:

lsblk -o +LABEL

you will probably see two disk block devices: sda (the USB SSD) and mmcblk0 (the SD card). You will also probably see that each device has two partitions one with the label 'writable' and the other with the label 'system-boot'. So you have two partitions named 'writable'.

If this is so, then you need to change the label on the SD card so that the bootloader can determine which 'writable' root filesystem is required to boot (i.e. use the USB SSD).

I'm guessing that the offending partition is /dev/mmcblk0p2 (the second partition on the SD card). You can change the label like this:

sudo e2label /dev/mmcblk0p2 NEWNAME

Then rerun the above 'lsblk' command to make sure your change has been made. Then reboot the RPi several times and make sure the root partition (/) is always mounted on the sda block device (again using the 'lsblk' command).


Cannot access a directory on my webserver (nginx: 403 forbidden)

nginx need read (r) permissions for the file and execute (x) permissions for the folders. So in your case it needs execute for:

/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/nginx
/usr/share/nginx/www
/usr/share/nginx/www/vnstat

and read for:

/usr/share/nginx/www/vnstat/files

check with:

namei -l /usr/share/nginx/www/vnstat/files