Salvaging the updates system "Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file"

You can use apt-key to download the key from the Ubuntu keyserver, and save it as a trusted key:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 1397BC53640DB551

When you do this, you are telling your computer that the person who owns the private version of this key is trusted, just like you trust Ubuntu to keep your system secure.  Be sure to only add keys of people you know can be trusted to not only provide good builds, but keep their keys safe.

There is no public key available for the following key IDs: 1397BC53640DB551

I normally see this whenever my apt has software sources (ie: /etc/apt/sources.list or /etc/apt/sources.list.d/foo) which have packages for which I do not have the public key.  This means that someone has signed software and is available via apt that I have not set up as a trusted source.

If you Google '1397BC53640DB551' you'll find a few other people having similar issues.  However, when I check Ubuntu's keyserver, I don't even see that key.  This makes me think that performing the apt-key adv command, you didn't actually import anything (which is fine, I just don't want you worried).

I would recommend that you try to reset your sources.list.  Ubuntu 14.04 is still maintained until 2019.


How do I boot a Linux LiveCD on a Lenovo Yoga?

Try to press ESC as soon as your laptop boots..better press ESC continuously as soon as you power on the laptop.This will give various BIOS options.Press Function Keys as required.I can't tell which one as they are different from brand to brand.Somewhere you will find an option for boot sequence.Make sure your Linux Disc(Exteenal DVD drive) is above everything.Also turn boot mode from UEFI to Legacy if required.


There are a few models listed in the certified components catalog.


You're using Breeze theme with Breeze Dark icon theme. Change the icon theme to Breeze, You'll see the icons again.

And about the Mail Reader icon, that Icon won't be clearly visible after you changed/set the default MailReader application in Breeze Icon theme. You should change the icon theme altogether to get a good icon view for it or Remove the icon from that position.

This is a screenshot after setting changing the icon theme to Breeze

You said that your appearance settings change isn't persisting. If you can't change the themes and icons, I think it's because KDE's control over them. Remove the file named .gtkrc-2.0 and .gtkrc-2.0-kde4(a symlink).

rm ~/.gtkrc-2.0 ~/.gtkrc-2.0-kde4

You should be able to change the themes again.


Install the Emoji One Color font from: https://github.com/eosrei/emojione-color-font

Full disclosure: I created it and just made it live a few days ago.

  The font works in all operating systems, but will currently only show color emoji in Mozilla Firefox and Thunderbird. This is not a limitation of the font, but of the operating systems and applications. Regular B&W outline emoji are included for backwards/fallback compatibility.


VoIP and messaging on the Ubuntu desktop

Ubuntu's principal application for this is called Empathy, and provides many features in addition to simple voice, such as video chat.

There are several other end-user applications which you may also consider:

Jitsi is the most extensive and versatile open source VoIP and
messaging solution
Ekiga was previously the default VoIP solution in Ubuntu
KPhone the definitive KDE desktop voice application
Twinkle looks good with KDE desktop; no video chat
Qutecom also fits KDE desktop better; successor to wengophone, but no
tie-in to one provider
Gizmo5 (on Medibuntu) designed primarily for use with a Gizmo phone
account, but can be configured to use alternative voice services.

Check the source for more information and learn more and all about your needs


I had this problem on UBUNTU 13.04 on the same laptop (Dell latitude 5430)

I did a simple thing - just a lucky shot - .. updated all the xserver packages that I had as follows:

sudo apt-get install xserver

it will correct you and show about 3 xserver packages .... install them all (they should be installed .. but whatever)

sudo apt-get install <xserver-****>

then upgrade them

sudo apt-get upgrade <xserver-****>

and it is solved now ^_^

A.Z


How to securely get a driver for my bluetooth?

I suggest that you do:
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.190_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

Reboot. You should be all set.


Storing thousands of files in one directory

UFS works with inodes so the maximum number of files depends on the inode to space ratio that has been set. And that is a lot... a lot more than 400k.

2 problems:

Creating new files will take more and more time.
You will also run into other problems: ls will error out with Argument list too long. since it will expand all the files (ls -l * turns into ls -l file1 file2 file3 file4 etc etc. Same goes for rm and some other commands.

I know you will not like it but ... it IS best to use sub directories. Yes, can be a hell of a lot of work but you are bound to end up having to do it anyways. Better be prepared now while you have the time than after the server crashed.

Alternative:
- analyse if you can drop some files and not cache them.


Disable mouse in synaptic touchpad with libinput

Based on Michael's comment on your question from Dec 16 '15, I built a script which patches and installs libinput in order to entirely disable touchpad movements.
The script is available from https://github.com/faf0/thinkpad-scripts/blob/master/16.04/libinput-disable-touchpad-movements.sh.
Simply clone the github repository and then execute the libinput-disable-touchpad-movements.sh script to carry out the installation.
Unfortunately, I did not find a way to set the xinput properties of the touchpad to achieve the same result.


ufw firewall deny outgoing but allow browser

The first thing you need to do is to change the default outgoing policy to deny. By default all outgoing traffic is allowed.

sudo ufw default deny outgoing

Then you must allow outgoing traffic on both port 80 and 443 with these commands:

sudo ufw allow out to any port 80
sudo ufw allow out to any port 443

Finally, since web browsing require access to a DNS server you must also allow port 53:

sudo ufw allow out to any port 53

Then reload the firewall rules:

sudo ufw reload

Confirm the changes with: sudo ufw status verbose


EDIT: apparently if you invoke the program as asciiview instead of aview, it will automagically do the file conversion for you

asciiview somefile.png

Original answer:

The p?m refers to the libpnm family of "lowest common denominator" image files, including pbm and pgm. If you convert your image to one of those formats, for example using the convert tool from the imagemagick package

convert somefile.png somefile.pgm

(or using gimp if you prefer) it should work, e.g.

aview somefile.pgm


Google Chart Tools?

Not exactly what you asked for, but this may work anyways. Link is to a pie chart wizard.


A light alternative to gnome-system-monitor?

htop
it is a terminal app:
sudo apt-get install htop
htop

htop with graph mode

ProcMeter3
Look for this system monitor (GUI works with GTK1,2,3):
ProcMeter3
An utility which works with LCD devices even.

ProcMeter3 GUI on GTK3

Psymon
Also once I tried a Psymon. This is not extremely lightweight software and written
on Qt (not GTK, and therefore should work better with KDE) though despite to this fact it works well not only with Unity and Gnome, but also in other OS, like FreeBSD, MacOS, Windows etc., because it use great python-psutil Debian package.
So look it closer:
Nice post about Psymon
Psymon project site

Psymon


Check out MiracleCast.

This might be what you're looking for. It projects your screen onto TV's using Miracast over WiFi.

https://github.com/albfan/miraclecast
https://launchpad.net/~thopiekar/+archive/ubuntu/miraclecast


Steam is available in the Ubuntu repository distribution.  You can install it by running this from a terminal:

$ sudo apt-get install steam

Run Steam from ubuntu's launch button.

You can find Bloons TD Battles in Steam's search menu.


What's wrong with installing a printer the normal way?

From the linked page:

  Open System Settings from the Dash.
  Open Printers.
  Click Add and select the printer from the Devices window. If it's a network printer, you may need to manually configure it.
  Click Forward and wait while it searches for drivers.
  You can customize the printer's name, description, and location if you
  like. When finished, click Apply.
  You can now print a test page or click Cancel to skip that step.

If you want to use CUPS (the thing at https://localhost:631), you need to make sure your user is part of the lpadmin group. To do this, run this command in a terminal:

sudo usermod -aG lpadmin <your_username>

Be sure to replace <your_username> with your username. After this command has run, be sure to reboot or log out of every active session.

Then, log into the CUPS interface using your Linux credentials.


Asus PH GeForce gtx 1050ti Video Card and Intel UHD Graphics 630 Integrated Card

So here is my solution.

Uninstall any manually installed NVIDIA drivers.

Then reboot and reinstall using Software & Updates. But here, there is a very important thing to do.

ONLY CHOOSE and old version of NVIDIA DRIVER. In my case, nvidia-driver-390 did the trick.

Thank you anyways. My first question it was and not it is the first response from myself. But this could really help to many others.


The reason I thought the HDD was not exfat earlier was because I had created symlinks in it and I read on web that exfat does not support symlinks. However, I noticed that the same HDD when connected to Ubuntu 18.04 system recognizes all symlinks in exfat format itself. But in Ubuntu 20.04, it doesn't. I don't know why it happens.
So, the conclusion is that it was probably exfat since the beginning and it didn't convert from ext4 to exfat "magically".


Boot up Windows install DVD, & choose Repair your Computer

open command prompt and Run the Following commands

bootrec.exe/fixboot

next

bootrec.exe/fixmbr

Reboot
Now you should now boot directly to windows
P.S. you don't need GRUB to boot from the pendrive


One way is to change backlight to zero and then restore it, although as @JacobVlijm pointed out, this only dims the screen instead of shutting it off.

bl=`xbacklight`
slock xbacklight -time 0 =0
xbacklight -time 0 =$bl


System-wide text replacement similar to AutoHotKey

Try sinippy: http://leon.vankammen.eu/tech/snippy-autocompletion-for-console-and-browser-window-manager-using-bash.html

or snippely:  https://code.google.com/p/snippely/

Other answers on SO might also be helpful to you:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4175501/best-way-to-manage-code-snippets-in-linux


The disk image is 497GB smaller than the target device

An ISO file is basically a disk image of an optical disk. Disk images are usually meant to be restored/extracted to a disk or partition, replacing its previous contents.
DON’T PROCEED WITH RESTORING, THIS IS NOT YOUR CASE!

According to the size of your ISO file (3.1 GB), it might be a DVD image, so it could work when burnt to a DVD.

However, an ISO file can also be used as an archive.
If you want to read files contained in an ISO file, you can mount it. This can be done using GUI or the following command:

sudo mount -o loop path/to/your/iso/file/YOUR_ISO_FILE.iso /mnt

(If you’re using /mnt for other mount(s), select another location.)

To unmount it later, issue:

sudo umount /mnt

You should also be able to browse and extract files from an ISO file using common archive managers, just like if it was a ZIP file, for example.


do try not to install - updating while installing.  Just do installing without connecting to Internet.

I too had this, and when I tried installing for my friend at his home (without internet) it was just as fast as other installations.

try it and let us know how it goes


Ubuntu 12.04 doesn't turn off (halt) under ESXi 5.0U1

The following command works for me

shutdown -h now


How can I get my Geforce 6200 working properly?

I also had the same problem. Type: sudo nvidia-xconfig --mode=1280x1024 in terminal. I found the solution here: Display resolution with NVIDIA


Firefox Beta instances are shown under Firefox Stable in the dock. How do we associate the Beta instance with the Beta launcher?

Simply using the StartupWMClass=Firefox Beta line is not enough, you need to assign a valid and distinct WM Class to the launcher accordingly first.

Change the

Exec=/opt/firefox/firefox-beta/firefox

line to

Exec=/opt/firefox/firefox-beta/firefox --class FirefoxBeta

and then change the

StartupWMClass=Firefox Beta

line to

StartupWMClass=FirefoxBeta

Do the same with the other one.

(adapted from this answer)


Marlin, Ubuntu 11.10 and Dropbox (and Ubuntu One) plugins

This answer includes instructions on how to add a third-party PPA - proceed with caution.
Yes, after you installed marlin with
 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:marlin-devs/marlin-daily; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install marlin

you can then install the Dropbox plugin for marlin and since you are at it add the Ubuntu One service plugin
sudo apt-get install marlin-plugin-dropbox marlin-plugin-ubuntuone

After installing the plugin and the official Dropbox package for Ubuntu you can activate the plugin in marlin preferences


I would try and avoid deleting/adding a printer if possible. This link has a thorough answer to your question and provides a cleaner/ alternate method to resolving your issue:

Is there an approved way to clear /var/cups/cache on a Unix system?


I suspect you are experiencing an issue with your web browser.  I'll explain.

Beginning about 9 months ago, I began having problems with various web browsers, not all google browsers.  The Google Chromium browser to be found in the software center worked on older computers but not newer ones, different version apparently.  Firefox worked right for about two weeks and then began having the same issues as Google.  Everyone I talked to, everyone using Ubuntu, said the same thing.

To this very day I am forced to use THREE BROWSERS to do all I need to do without being burdened by and unexplained browser crash, video that won't load, or tool that won't work.  My browsers of choice currently are the Ubuntu included Firefox, Opera, and Google Chrome browser.  That's Chrome, not Chromium.  Google for "install google chrome" and your first result will assist you installing it under Ubuntu).

Installing Opera is far more complicated than Chrome, but it can be done.  I've done it on not less than five installations but it always takes me nearly half an hour.  Opera also seems to be the most functional, which is why I am bothering to mention it.  There is no harm in having more than one browser, in fact I recommend always having two handy.


Gvim won't launch after installing using software center

gvim - I remember it well (I got out of the professional coding game a long time ago when the world decided to offshore ... but thats off topic).

Which of the following packages did you install?

vim
vim-gnome
vim-tiny
vim-athena
vim-athena-py2
vim-gnome-py2
vim-gtk
vim-gtk-py2
vim-gtk3
vim-gtk3-py2
vim-nox
vim-nox-py2

What happens if you try to launch gvim from a terminal?


Expert help needed due to an insidious trap when triple booting OS/W7/Ubuntu... which I fell into

Wow, what a mess. Personally I would just start over. Install OS, then Win 7, then Ubuntu again, and if Ubuntu doesn't show up in your boot options again, edit Grub instead of messing with the partitions.


Find which versions of Ubuntu a package in a 3rd-party repository is available for?

Repos are structured to have the release name in the 'dists' folder.

For example, the deb line deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main will pull in packages from http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/main/.

To find out what releases a repo supports, you can normally just navigate to the dists folder of that repo (in this case http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/dists/) in a web browser, which will display the directory listing.

As you mentioned, you can also gather additional information from the Release file within the dist folder. Using http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/Release as an example, we can see that this dist is for the Debian release codenamed 'wheezy', which corresponds to version 7.11. You can also see the supported architectures and components from their respective fields.


I don't really understand your issue (find should return the full path), however I suggest a different approach, perhaps something like

find -name '*.report' -execdir bash -c 'echo mv "$0" "${0/LP_/LPP_}"' {} \;

By passing the find result {} as a shell positional parameter $0 to a subordinate bash -c command, we can work around the fact that we can't do mv {} ${{}/LP_/LPP_} directly. The use of -execdir instead of the more common -exec ensures that the substitution happens only on the filename portion, in case any of the paths happens to contain the string LP_

The echo is just so you can try it out and check that the renaming looks correct - you will need to remove it to allow actual renaming.


Should I install exo-utils to search Google from the terminal?

I googled it and found:

Exo-utils are Utility files for libexo

The package contains the Xfce settings plugin and the utility files for
 libexo which vary slightly based on version.

Example install of the exo-utils package on Ubuntu systems with apt:

  sudo apt-get install exo-utils


You might want to have a look at git-buildpackage.

There are similar tools, one for each VCS:

$ aptitude search buildpackage
p   arch-buildpackage            - tools for maintaining Debian packages using arch
v   bzr-buildpackage             -
p   cvs-buildpackage             - A set of Debian package scripts for CVS source trees.
p   darcs-buildpackage           - Suite to help with Debian packages in Darcs archives
p   git-buildpackage             - Suite to help with Debian packages in Git repositories
p   mercurial-buildpackage       - Suite to maintain Debian packages in Mercurial repository
p   svn-buildpackage             - helper programs to maintain Debian packages with Subversion
p   tla-buildpackage             - Suite to help with Debian packages in Arch archives


Restoring original system state Aborting

You will have to remove the PPA which were added to the system

Step 1: List the PPAs

find /etc/apt/sources.list.d -type f -name "*.list" -print0 | \
    while read -d $'\0' file; do awk -F/ '/deb / && /ppa\.launchpad\.net/ {print "sudo ppa-purge ppa:"$4"/"$5}' "$file"; done

Step 2: Now, remove them

find /etc/apt/sources.list.d -type f -name "*.list" -print0 | \
    while read -d $'\0' file; do awk -F/ '/deb / && /ppa\.launchpad\.net/ {system("sudo ppa-purge ppa:"$4"/"$5)}' "$file"; done

Step 3: Install bleachbit and gtkorphan

sudo apt install bleachbit
sudo apt install gtkorphan

Step 4: Run bleachbit and gtkorphanas root

Step 5: Now, run the command

sudo do-release-upgrade


Touchpad does not work on 17.10, but it did on 14.04

Are you sure you haven't disabled the touchpad on your keyboard? It is toggled by (Fn)+F6 on my Packard-Bell laptop.


Can a hard link refer to a file in a different filesystem?

No, it can't.
Files on a linux file system are internally referred to by a unique number, an inode. That inode corresponds to records of where the file is stored on the volume. Two different filenames, possibly in a different path on the same volume, can share the same inode. At that point, one is a hard link to the other, and vice versa.
The inode refers to space on the current volume. Each file in fact is a hard link to an inode on the volume. It is not a matter of one file referring to the other, leave alone referring to another one on a different volume. It is a matter of two file names sharing the same inode.


Removed python3 hoping to reinstall it, but cannot do it

You could try aptitude.
Install aptitude like this:
sudo apt install aptitude

Or if that didn't work, download the aptitude .deb package from here for 64 bit and install it like this:
sudo dpkg -i aptitude_0.8.10-6ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Or install the downloaded package by double clicking it so it opens in the GUI package manager (ubuntu-software) and install it from there.
After that, nstall python3 like this:
sudo aptitude install python3

Aptitude is good at resolving dependencies and will most likely succeed in your case.


How to take a screenshot of a section of the screen on Xubuntu 18.04?

Add a new shortcut, and set it to execute the command below:

xfce4-screenshooter -r

See man xfce4-screenshooter for more detail.

Other xfce-friendly screenshot apps are listed here.


Nvidia GeForce GTX 750 ti doesn't work in Ubuntu?

If you did a kernel upgrade then @Zilvador answer may be good for you.

If not the issue is the driver from Nvidia's site as there linux support is rubbish (but getting better thanks to steam).

Boot the system and press ctrl+alt+f1 to get a terminal, log in and remove the driver like this

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*

Then use the one from the Ubuntu repos that is tested

sudo apt-get install nvidia-common-updates

This one should work great with your card.


Can't detect SSD when installing Ubuntu 16.04 LTS alongside with Windows

Heres what I did to get it to work:

Open the BIOS

Disable RAID0 in the Advanced menu
Set SATA Mode Selection to AHCI in Chipset -> SATA And RST Configuration menu
Set Secure Boot to Disabled in Security menu
Set Boot option filter to UEFI and Legacy in Boot -> Launch CSM menu

From here it should be able to see the SSDs.


Push routes to the client to allow it
to reach other private subnets behind
the server.  Remember that these
private subnets will also need
to know to route the OpenVPN client.

route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0

Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet
for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from.
The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself,
the rest will be made available to clients.
Each client will be able to reach the server
on 10.8.0.1.

server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0


What are the alternatives of Lusca in 14.04?

You can try Squid proxy server.

I have never used Lusca but from what I read, Lusca is forked from Squid 2.

The latest version of Squid is 3.4. The 2.x branch I think it's not maintained any more.


Up-front: I'm the author of GPT fdisk (gdisk, sgdisk, and cgdisk), so I understand GPT data structures pretty well.

If Windows is booting in BIOS mode, then it should be booting from an MBR disk. If you've got just one disk, then it looks like Windows is booting in EFI mode, since your one disk uses GPT. (A caveat, though: If your partition table is badly damaged -- say with a hybrid MBR that gdisk is not recognizing for some reason -- it could be it's really a BIOS-mode installation.) I mention this because you said you performed an EFI-mode installation "because [you] couldn't install it in Legacy" mode. Rule #1 of multi-booting these days is to install both OSes in the same mode. In other words, if your Windows installation is in EFI mode, installing Ubuntu in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode is something you should NOT be doing. This may be a bit of a side-track, since it sounds like you did the right thing, but I want to be clear on it because there are a lot of bad procedures out there that suggest installing in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode when that should not be done. I most especially want to make sure that you don't attempt a BIOS/CSM/legacy-mode install to fix your current problem. Absent information that you've really got a BIOS-mode Windows installation, re-installing Ubuntu in BIOS mode would do nothing but create new problems atop the ones you've got now.

Now, to your main problem: I've heard of this sort of thing happening -- that is, gdisk reports a damaged backup partition table, the user fixes it, and it turns up damaged again. The usual cause is that something else is overwriting the backup partition table. Sometimes this is RAID software. Motherboard-based software RAID (often called "fake RAID") can do this because some such systems use space at the end of the disk (where the backup GPT data goes) to store its data. If you've got just one disk, you don't need RAID, so you should disable your RAID settings in your firmware and in all your OSes. Rebooting with and without booting into Windows may help you figure out what's doing the damage, and therefore what you need to adjust. OTOH, if you've got multiple disks and they are being used in a RAID setup, then you need to activate RAID support in Ubuntu. This is covered many places; here seems as good a starting point as any, although I've not read it thoroughly.

Such problems can also occur because of advanced-feature tools like disk encryption or disk compression software. Such tools sometimes dump stuff at the end of the disk, assuming that it's unused. (Under MBR, space after the final partition often goes to waste, so this approach often works. It's not safe, but it often works.) If you've got such tools installed, remove them, or at least research them to figure out if they're compatible with GPT and update or replace them if they aren't GPT-friendly.

If these suggestions don't help, try extracting the last few sectors of the disk to a file with dd. You'll first need to figure out the disk's size in sectors (gdisk will tell you this), then use dd, as in:

sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=foo.img bs=512 skip=100021518

This command copies the contents of the disk, starting at 100021518, to the file foo.img. You'll want to set your skip= value to at least 34 less than the number of sectors on your disk, since GPT normally uses the last 33 sectors. You can then examine the resulting file with hexdump or something similar, as in:

hexdump -C foo.img | less

The idea here is to look for strings or other clues that might tell you what's causing the problems. Of course, you should look at the end of the disk before repairing it. The final 33 sectors should be enough, since that's all that gdisk uses.


This has also been reported as a bug at https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/641300.


I have found that

dmesg

and

cat /var/log/pm-suspend.log

tend to provide the most information. In the best-case scenario, the problem will be a process that failed to stop, and this will show up in dmesg. In the worst case, it will be a module. I haven't found a way to figure out which module, other than trial-and-error.

In my case it turned out to be the wl module (for the wireless card).


URL to open Compose mail in new window with Unity Mail

Asked at launchpad:

Exec:chromium-browser --new-window 'https://mail.google.com/mail/?ui=2&view=cm&fs=1&tf=1&shva=1'


I ran into the same problem on 15.04 with Qt 5.4, and Intel integrated graphics. I found this workaround to get it running, from the command line:

KDE_FULL_SESSION= XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP= qtcreator

In my case, I installed from the download tool from the Qt website, so I had to modify the command to point to my Qt Creator binary. Mine installed to /opt/Qt/Tools/QtCreator/bin/qtcreator, so I dropped that whole path into the XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP part.

Source: Qt Bug Report


You need library ncurses 32 bit version installed in your system

sudo apt-get install libncurses5:i386

In addition to libncurses5, you may require libstdc++6.

sudo apt-get install libstdc++6:i386

With the command

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

You install a lot of libraries that is not useful to solve your problem.


How to get a list of applications installed in Ubuntu dash?

Open Dash, click on the applications icon (at the bottom of Dash)

The first row shows most recent, below are installed applications
Click on "See more results" to see all installed applications
Scroll up/down to see them all

To Filter the applications by category; in the right top: Filter Results


Xubuntu reopens last session applications even though it shouldn't

Clear your sessions cache: Settings Manager, Sessions and Startup, Sessions Tab, Clear Saved Sessions.

Log out and log back in.

Reference: Xfce Docs » Core » Session Manager » Preferences

Another possibility is to delete the contents of ~/.cache/sessions. However, you will need to log out first and then open a console with Ctrl+Alt+F1 and log in from the keyboard. Then delete the contents or move the files elsewhere, and close the console using Ctrl+Alt+F7. Now, on logging in via the GUI, you should have a clean session.


Meaning of Files/Folders With a Red/Gray X on Them

The red x means that you have no access (Permissions) to these files and folders as the user currently running nautilus (the file manager nowadays called stupidly Files).


How can I get the message menu and other Unity notification area widgets into my Awesome WM panel?

As far as i know, its not possible to add the actual indicators from Unity into Awesome's panel, but you can add things to Awesome's panel by configuring its text based config file. the Awesome wiki has more details about this: http://awesome.naquadah.org/wiki/Awesome_3_configuration

Basically you can add text, widgets and such, but not indicators.


Can Ubuntu releases that are EOL still access the default repos or not?

Until some days i was using Lubuntu 16.04 and i had acces to the "older" repositories that they granted me with the instalation.
I think that what they do is delete the official repository, but the mirrors are maintained alive.
The problem may be if the version that you want to use is too old, you will have problems to get the lasts versions of some program(i.e firefox), and that would be a bit risky. You will no recieve security actualizations, but you can use the EOL version(I suggest an LTS version, because they have more repositories and mirrors)


Why does du show that an 83GB file uses zero space?

It's probably a sparse file
The most common case where du and ls return wildly different sizes is for sparse files, which are often created by download accelerators or bittorrent clients. ls gives you the size allocated (which the application will gradually fill up), while du gives you the actual size used.
If the actual size is 0, then there really is no data in it and it's safe to move or delete it (not that it would save you any disk space, since it's using none).
Experiment yourself with sparse files:
You can duplicate this weird scenario easily enough, with a 1-gigabyte file that takes ZERO space:

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=SparseFile bs=1 seek=1G count=0
$ ls -l SparseFile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 izx izx 1073741824 Jul 24 03:53 SparseFile
$ du SparseFile
0 SparseFile
$ stat SparseFile
  File: `SparseFile'
  Size: 1073741824  Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 805h/2053d  Inode: 400321      Links: 1
Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--)  Uid: ( 1000/     izx)   Gid: ( 1000/     izx)


Installing the macbuntu 16.10 theme on ubuntu 17.04

As you say , you can change the PPA Distribution from zesty to yakkety

(not xenial becuase xenial repositories has macbuntu-os-icons-lts-v7 but not macbuntu-os-icons-lts-v8 version).

For this purpose , please follow this path:

Software & Updates > Other software

And then select http://ppa.launchpad.net/noobslab/macbuntu/ubuntu and click on Edit... button.

Then change to Distribution value from zesty to yakkety.

So that's must be worked.

apt-cache search macbuntu-os
macbuntu-os-plank-theme-lts-v8 - These themes is intended to use with Macbuntu by NoobsLab.com
macbuntu-os-ithemes-lts-v8 - MacBuntu Themes available on NoobsLab.com PPA
macbuntu-os-icons-lts-v8 - MacBuntu Icons & cursors uploaded on NoobsLab.com PPA


Show title bar for google chrome in Ubuntu 20.04

Find a blank spot in the tab location. Right click on it and select "Use system title and borders."
It looks like this:

And the results are:

Note that mine is dark due to a system theme. Yours should be whatever color your other window decorations are.


Epson GT-S50 scanner not working after upgrade to 18.04 from 16.04

I found a word an affective workaround in the comments of the Ubuntu's sane-backends bug #1728012. I documented it as a comment on the bug report.
The problem seems to reside in missing symlinks to the epkowa (SEIKO EPSON) libraries in the /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/sane (or, more generically, /usr/lib/$(uname -m)-linux-gnu/sane) folder.
I thus did the following:

sudo ln -sfr /usr/lib/sane/libsane-epkowa* /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/sane

Removed the usb 0x04b8 0x0137 entry I had added to /etc/sane.d/epkowa.conf

Added a 55-epson-libsane.rules file to /etc/udev/rules.d/ with the following text:
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", MODE=="0666"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb_device", MODE=="0666"

ATTRS{manufacturer}=="EPSON", DRIVERS=="usb", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="04b8", ATTRS{idProduct}=="*", MODE="0666"

ATTRS{idVendor}=="04b8", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0137", MODE="0666", GROUP="scanner", ENV{libsane_matched}="yes"

Finally I unplugged / plugged my scanner and tried
scanimage -L

and got this encouraging answer:
device `epkowa:interpreter:003:011' is a Epson GT-S50 flatbed scanner

Then I started iscan (Image Scan!) and it immediately detected my scanner. I then could successfully scan a page. Yipee! :-)

UPDATE: (Ubuntu 20.04)
I suddenly got the issue back after upgrading to Ubuntu 20.04.
I searched quite a bit because nothing seemingly changed in my config... and all of a sudden I noticed that somehow my /etc/sane.d/epkowa.conf file's permissions had been altered and that the file was only readable for root !
After changing it back to "world" readable (chmod +r /etc/sane.d/epkowa.conf ) everything went back to normal and both iscan and scanimage would again be able to detect the scanner properly without having to be invoked using "sudo".


SOLUTION

After a lot of reserching and testing, I found a solution to the problem. Its a very easy workaround:

------------------ SOLUTION ------------------------
in /etc/samba/smb.conf add the following to the bottom of the [global]
section:

client lanman auth = yes
client ntlmv2 auth = no
-------------------------------------------------------

Look for this 2 post for the explanation of the solution:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1922280
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gvfs/+bug/510059

As you can see in my question, I had the first line already and that worked for all version prior to 12.04LTS, but in this new version you MUST add the second line too which was option before.

Hope this helps!!!

It should be noted that the LANMAN Protocol is insecure and depreciated.


I need to make a shell script that displays config files without the commented and empty lines

This might help more:
grep -Ev '^\s+$|^#' file.txt


I have changed permission of the main folder and cannot login anymore

You have accidentaly changed the owner of every folder to be root , thus you are unable to login anymore.

Most probably you havent set the root password , if you have just skip this section:

Part 1

Start the grub menu during the boot by holding Shift/Esc
Choose the Option which has (recovery) at the end of it.
There will be another menu , from which you have to choose Drop to root shell promt
Then you will see something like root@ubuntu:~#
Use this command mount -rw -o remount / to get rid of the read only thing
Now do a passwd , which will prompt you the enter a new password for the root
Thats done then reboot

Here you have successfully set up a new root password , if you are having problems then refer to this question.

Part 2
Here you are going to change the permissions for your home directory.

Boot up to the login screen.
Press Ctrl + Alt + F1
At login type root and enter the password you have set for it in the last part
Now its time for changing the file permissions for your home folder.For that you have to do a chown -R root:username /home/username chown -R <username>:<username> /home/<username>. Change the username to your username.

Hope it helps , thank you.


Ubuntu 13.10 64bit issue with broken dependencies

The answer is at the bottom of your question. Run:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get -f install

or

sudo apt-get autoremove

or

sudo apt-get autoclean

anything that suits you well.


grub displays "error:directory is encrypted" on boot

I'm writing this as an answer as I need the space..

Quoting from TJ- (IRC #lubuntu-devel, https://launchpad.net/~tj)

  EXT4_ENCRYPT_FLAG is apparently set... so deliberate or corruption

  Best to find out if there is a separate /boot/ file-system or if
  /boot/ is part of the root file-system - because GRUB is presumably
  trying to read its /boot/grub/* files and failing

  I'd suggest boot from LiveISO and do an fsck initially plus use
  'dumpe2fs -h ...' on that block device to grab the FS metadata

The 'LiveISO' would mean any Lubuntu/Ubuntu install media and selecting 'try ubuntu', then fsck your drive.

Please though read the full detail below :-

<TJ-> ./grub-core/fs/ext2.c::grub_ext2_iterate_dir() ...
<TJ->   if (diro->inode.flags & grub_cpu_to_le32_compile_time (EXT4_ENCRYPT_FLAG))
<TJ->     {
<TJ->       grub_error (GRUB_ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET, "directory is encrypted");
<TJ->       return 0;
<TJ->     }

<TJ-> So, EXT4_ENCRYPT_FLAG is apparently set... so deliberate or corruption
<TJ-> Best to find out if there is a separate /boot/ file-system or if /boot/ is part of the root file-system - because GRUB is presumably trying to read its /boot/grub/* files and failing
<TJ-> I'd suggest boot from LiveISO and do an fsck initially plus use 'dumpe2fs -h ...' on that block device to grab the FS metadata
<TJ-> From what I can see this is per-directory not per-filesystem. There's a tool in e2fsprogs "e4crypt" but its man-page is quite opaque on how to use, but looks like this has to be done deliberately. If this is not corruption and is not done by the user then I'd suspect Malware or some malicious person with access to the PC
<TJ-> Unfortunately GRUB isn't telling us which directory is encrypted
<TJ-> Invstigate from a LiveISO for sure
<TJ-> This page is useful https://loune.net/2018/12/ext4-encryption-multiple-filesystems-and-salt/
<TJ-> apparently if there are some directories/files encrypted the superblock will contain:
<TJ-> # sudo dumpe2fs /dev/sdb2 | grep Salt
<TJ-> Encryption PW Salt: d24c7f08-5092-4b3a-9180-6ed8244513e8
<TJ-> So I'd think that'd appear in the '-h' superblock summary output I mentioned earlier
<TJ-> more interesting, the Arch wiki contains this "Note: Ext4 forbids encrypting the root (/) directory and will produce an error on kernel 4.13 and later"
<TJ-> So that would infer the encrypted directory isn't / but possibly /boot/ or /boot/grub/
<TJ-> and apparently it is an FS feature since you can do "tune2fs -O encrypt /dev/device"
<TJ-> There's a tool in the archive for generic handling of this kernel-level file-system encryption, the package is "fscrypt" and it's a single GoLang binary. The package description suggests it handles PAM for user log-in to add the keys.
<guiverc> if the OP was correct in not having encryption; i doubt the fscrypt would help (it'll be corruption or user doesn't know their own system..)
<TJ-> Well, it would be an easy check to see if that package is installed
<TJ-> e2fsprogs will always be installed so we can't deduce usage of e4crypt from its presence, but if fscrypt is installed, we can

the full discussion can be found when it appears, - https://irclogs.ubuntu.com/2019/08/16/%23lubuntu-devel.txt ; I've only provided parts


Package dependency problem preventing installing any program due to libvte9 dependency

use synaptic package manager, it will resolve its dependencies automatically or software center, if it doesn't work then install the libraries shown in error message using synaptic package manager.(Just type the library name and select the package and then click apply.)


How do I get the fingerprint reader to work on a Lenovo x230 Tablet?

The answer in that article is for the x220. I have a x230 and fprint does not support yet the upek device used in it. So I guess it's waiting until they include support for it.

Linked Question:

How can I use my fingerprint reader?


Using setsid xdg-open 1.pdf works for me. The problem seems to be that gvfs-open and xdg-open return before their children are done working. Emacs might kill their controlling terminal when this happens, killing the children, and stopping evince from opening properly. setsid sets a new controlling terminal that emacs won't close.


It is mentioned in man visudo.

From man visudo go to FILES section, you will find :

 /etc/sudoers.tmp          Lock file for visudo

It is also described in the illustration of -f option :

  -f sudoers, --file=sudoers

  Specify an alternate sudoers file location.  With this option,
  visudo will edit (or check) the sudoers file of your
  choice,
                   instead of the default, /etc/sudoers.  The lock file used is the specified sudoers file with “.tmp” appended to it.  In
                   check-only mode only, the argument to -f may be ‘-’, indicating that sudoers will be read from the standard input.

If you are interested you can trace the system calls, here what you will find :

open("/etc/sudoers.tmp", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0600) = 7

EDIT :

Your concept is right and yes i also personally think that as this is a generic concept it is not mentioned in the man page.


I am running UBUNTU 14.04.4 LTS on an ACER Aspire laptop

Enable all Ubuntu repos, update and then open Ubuntu software centre
Install Skype from there
For MakeMKV, check this https://gist.github.com/knugie/b0e7ea8f6d79315cc0e6
I believe, your Android will be automatically detected with an USB Data Cable, if not, you can use Bluetooth for data transfer
Ubuntu has Shutter as snipping tool, can be installed from the software centre
ConvertAll is your unit conversation software, available in software centre
For 3D modelling, there is nothing like Blender, it's in software centre too

Hope it helps


How do I install Huawei E5372 USB dongle on 12.04

The following worked for me

sudo apt-get install usb_modeswitch

Make sure the huawei dongle is in the right mode with lsusb, should be device-id 1506 (if your unfamiliar with this read some info about internet sticks+linux+usb_modeswitch)

Now doing ifconfig should show you an interface wwan0, this is your dongle. You don't need to dial in or anything, just simply request an IP-address with:

sudo ip link set wwan0 up

Possibly you also have to call dhclient but for me the above was enough.

sudo dhclient wwan0


13.04 Unity - dash loses keyboard focus while typing

Try to switch KDE Compatibility' in CCSM it seemed to solve the problem for me.

Although as you say its hard to reproduce, but usually it occurred after restart and since then its ok.


Why apt package chromium-browser installs snap package instead?

For Ubuntu 19.10 it was a developer's decision. See cite from release notes:

Ubuntu 19.10 New Features
The Chromium browser is only available as a snap in 19.10. This blog post has more details.

It is normal and expected.


kdesudo - can it return before spawned process closes?

One way of doing this would be

sudo bash -c "command 1 & command2 & command3 &"

The & symbol sends a process to the background. The -c flag to bash tells it to launch a new instance and execute the commands given by -c. So, the command above will launch all three programs at once.

However, if you want to do this in a script, don't use sudo in it at all. Just launch the script with sudo. For example:

$ cat foo.sh
#!/bin/bash

konsole &
firefox &
xclock &
$ sudo ./foo.sh


Maximal screen resolution for external monitor breaks desktop

Weird, that looks like an issue with Unity.. You can rule it out being a Unity problem, do you mind logging in to Gnome?

If gnome works fine, then I suggest you go file a bug in the Ubuntu Launchpad system - after running full system updates and verifying this isn't already a solved issue of course.

If it's not actually a window manager thing, then I suppose it could be Xorg. Maybe you can fiddle around with the "Monitors" gui - try changing things around, just for the sake of getting it to switch modes/configs around, it may stumble on the correct layout. Or better yet, if you have a third party video driver config tool, you can use that to try different settings.

A final thing you could try is booting off the LiveCD - if you can reproduce this behavior in there, then that implies (to me) that the issue isn't a user-induced configuration one, but rather elsewhere.

Good luck!


The size of the file could be the issue: FAT32 has limits on the maximum size of a file (4GB).

If this is the case, you may want to reformat the USB drive (make a backup copy of the current content before doing that!).

Here you can find instructions on how to format a drive:

How to format a USB or external drive?

You could choose NTFS (good choice if you wish to share files with other operating systems
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS)

or EXT2 (if your USB drive id to be used for Linux only
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext2).


Yes, there are 2 notable issues:

12.04 or higher and only 64-bit versions.
A modern graphics card (Nvidia, AMD, or Intel)  and proprietary graphics drivers are required.

Installing using the official .deb will pull in all the necessary dependencies.

Source
Official .DEB download  (amd64 only).
Feedback for Unity3d + linux can be left on this forum.

  Which is the best speech API that is used in Ubuntu for Game development using unity3d

Impossible to answer since you do not quantify what you need for it to be considered as "best". All of them will have features and quirks. It is just how your demands line up with the features and the quirks and that is highly personal. Looks like google speech api works (not tried it though)  and that one is used on a lot of places. Might be a good 1st attempt.


This probably won't count as an answer, because I can't give you a complete step-by-step on how to accomplish this, but what you're looking for is theoretically possible if you don't mind compiling source code and working with development teams to sort out the occasional issue.
Windows10 notebooks can act as an external monitor wirelessly using the Miracast standard. This allows "source" devices such as laptops, tablets, and smartphones to send a video stream to "sink" paired display receivers such as TV, monitor, projector, or another computer that is Miracast compliant. Windows 10 can be both a source and a sink to other Miracast devices.
Ubuntu, as of this writing, does not have a simple means of using Miracast. There are two projects that are actively updated, but neither are ready for prime time:
Gnome Network Displays
This is probably the one that will gain the widest adoption given the number of developers and advantages it has over the alternatives. You can easily install it via the Flatpak system. The app is still considered "experimental", and the tested devices list is pretty slim. That said, theoretically it may work with Windows10. You'll need to test, and I'm sure the developers would love to hear any feedback you have from the experience.
MiracleCast
This was the first Miracast implementation for Ubuntu that I learned about a couple of years back and it still sees regular updates from the developers. Before classroom lectures all moved online, I would use this to broadcast notes and slides from a ThinkPad to a big TV via WiFi. One limit of this software is that while using it you temporarily lose Wifi Internet connectivity. To get around this, I would be plugged in to ethernet for a network and use the WiFi just to broadcast the images. Latency was tolerable, but I wouldn't want to use this to send anything with a resolution higher than 1920x1080, as the video was often a fraction of a second behind the audio in my experience.

Miracast is still in early days for many Linux distributions but, if there are enough people interested in the technology and supporting the various development teams with reports, tips, feature requests, and maybe a Patreon contribution or two, there is no reason why Ubuntu could not also have a solid implementation that is just an apt or snap install away.


I can run ubuntu in recovery mode fine, but when I run in normal mode it hangs

I had the same issue a week ago. it might be a kernel bug, what i did is re-installed ubuntu with 16.04 LTS and now everything is fine with keyboard & mouse. try apt-get update to update everything if that didn't worked, try reinstalling your OS.


I assume you're talking about this application. I downloaded it, unzipped it and went into the directory and then:

sudo apt-get install mono-vbnc
mono DigitalRadio.exe

I did get the same error as you before installing the VB runtime. But afterwards, it loads just fine. No idea if it works because I don't have a USB transmitter.

I also have no idea about registration. No prompt asked me for details. Clicking buy just loads a browser window. Ask the developer.

Oh and before I forget, don't use 10.04 for desktop. Certainly don't use 10.10 for desktop. They're both long out of support. I tested this (again, the application, not the driver) on the latest version of Ubuntu (13.10) and Mono 2.10. At the very least I'd suggest Ubuntu 12.04 which is supported until 2017.


MacBook Air (3,2) odd Behavior when starting

Can you access a terminal from the log-in screen (CTRL+ATL+F1)?

If so, you can try and reinstall the ubuntu-desktop package:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

If that doesn't work, try uninstalling/reinstalling the proprietary drivers - presumably this is a nvidia issue. Part of this thread (14) details the necessary steps.


Split up the non bootable partition and install Ubuntu in any.

Make an Ubuntu live USB and boot from it.

During installation ,
Choose the 3rd option :  Something else
Then in the partitioning window you can delete the partition you prefer and create 2 partitions from the free space.
Then install Ubuntu in any of the 2 new partition you prefer by formatting it to Ext4 and defining the mount point as '/'.
Else, if you don't want to format the non bootable partition, launch the GParted app either from your previous version of Ubuntu or by Live booting the new Ubuntu.
Then right click the non bootable partition and choose Resize/Move . Now you can easily adjust the size of the partition and free up space from it. After creating the free space, make a new volume out of it. Later follow the Ubuntu installation steps.


Custom keystroke button on Ubuntu dock or panel

You can simulate a keyboard shortcut using xdotool and thus create an application launcher for the shortcut and pin it to the dock. Install xdotool by running the following command in Terminal

sudo apt install xdotool

and then follow the steps bellow for example for a copy action:

Create a simple .desktop launcher file, say copy-this.desktop, in your ~/.local/share/applications/ directory. You can do that by running the following in Terminal

touch ~/.local/share/applications/copy-this.desktop

Open the created file using a text-editor,  for example by running

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/copy-this.desktop

Add the following lines to this file and save it

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Copy This
Comment=Copy selection
Exec=xdotool key ctrl+c
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Icon=edit-copy

Click "Activities" or "Show Applications" and search for "Copy This". It should appear.
Right click and add to favourites.

Clicking this icon on the dock would simulate pressing Ctrl+C. You can similarly create ones for other shortcuts.


How do I restore the file progress dialog after closing it?

When you close the browsing window and the progress window closes:
There are four major possibilities (and it varies from file manager to file manager).

The copy operation could simply have finished on its own at around the same time you closed the the file browsing window. If you think this might be what happened, you can compare the target files of the copy to the source files you copied from.

You could be using a file browser that is written to cancel copy operations when the parent browsing window closes. This is not a very good design, and I'm not sure there are many file managers that (intentionally) do this anymore. Nautilus, the default file manager in Ubuntu, is not written to do this.
If that happens, then the copy operation has cancelled (see below).

The file browser could have crashed. "Stable" software is not supposed to crash but sometimes it happens.
As before, if that happens, the copying stopped. Furthermore, in this case, it's even more likely than usual that there is a partially written file at the target, usually smaller than the file at the source to which it corresponds.

It's worth checking to make sure the progress window is actually gone. You can Alt+Tab through all the open windows to make sure it's not hidden behind anything (as sometimes they do not have their own entries in window lists). You can make sure to check each desktop workspace for it.

When you close the progress window itself (or it's otherwise closed before finishing):
When you copy a file in a file browser such as Nautilus, closing the progress window itself terminates the file transfer. If that happened, or the progress window was closed due to any of the above reasons except the copy operation actually having completed, most file browsers (including Nautilus) don't support resuming cancelled transfers. In this situation, you have to start over. (And if it's a single file, it will not be able to benefit from any of the progress that occurred before cancellation.)
Starting over is relatively simple and easy to do when you are copying a single file, as you've described.
When you are copying multiple files and cancel the copy operation, you may be prompted multiple times about what to do when files that were already copied (or partially copied) are encountered again at the destination.
When you are not copying but moving multiple files, it is from one volume to another, and you cancel the move operation, it's usually pretty simple to just do it over again. Typically only one file will be in both places; the rest will typically copy into the directory tree without doing any harm.
With that said, whatever your situation, make sure to look closely at any dialogs that prompt to you to decide how to resolve a "collision," before choosing an option.


OpenOCD Symbol Lookup error: undefined symbol libusb_handle_events_timeout_compleeted

You have to remove self-compiled USB-library by

sudo rm /usr/local/lib/libusb*

and then OpenOCD should work.


Your shell isn't a C interpreter - it has its own syntax, and its own printf function, which aside from inheriting many of the format specifiers from the C function is quite separate

Valid forms are

printf 'E\n'

or

printf '%c\n' E

There is no equivalent of the #include directive (which would just be an - ignored - comment as far as the shell is concerned)

If you want to actually write a small C program from the command line, you can do that with cat using a here document:

$ cat > main.c
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
    printf("Hello world!\n");
    return 0;
}

Terminate your input py pressing Ctrl+D. Then you can compile the program using gcc:

gcc -o my_first_prog main.c

and finally run it from the shell

$ ./my_first_prog
Hello world!


How to rename gnome-shell launcher application name without Alacarte?

In Ubuntu, apps are described in .desktop files

Gnome Shell, Unity, KDE Plasma, etc use those files to obtain application name.

They do so by looking up on Name parameter in .desktop file.

Most .desktop files are located in /usr/share/applications

So to change an application's display name :

Open gedit and open /usr/share/applications/firefox.desktop from gedit // maybe it is firefox-broswer.desktop (not using ubuntu at the moment)
Locate the Name=Firefox Web Browser  line and change it to Name=Firefox
Save the file and reload your shell

NOTE: You must open gedit as root :

gksu gedit


You can use xrandr to change the default primary monitor.

  Turns out xrandr --output DFP1 --primary does the trick. Replace
  DFP1 to the name of the monitor you want to make your primary monitor.
  You can run xrandr --prop to get the proper names of the monitors
  currently connected.

  If you run xrandr --output DFP1 --primary, it does switch the
  primary monitors, but once you restart your laptop, the laptop becomes
  the primary display once again.

  So, I thought I would write a simple script, that runs at start up,
  which checks, if there is an external monitor connected, and if there
  is, then run the command to make the external monitor the primary
  display.

#!/bin/bash
NR_OF_MONITORS=$(xrandr -d :0 -q | grep ' connected' | wc -l)
if [ $NR_OF_MONITORS = "2" ]; then
  xrandr --output DFP1 --primary
fi

Source


Figured it out.

netplan is the "network server for `plan'". plan being the calendar and day planner.

netplan.io is the YAML network configuration tool. This is 99.9% most likely the package people want.

The former has 1 bug, almost no activity, so I think it is just an issue of ambiguous naming.


Proper way to set up releases in Launchpad?

I think Launchpad uses these words as they're more "generic" - they can be used for various styles of development without forcing a project to manage source code, develop and release in certain manner.

I see mainly two ways of developing a project on Launchpad:

Your project's development is non-linear (not sure if this is the correct word). This is generally true if it is important for you to support more than one version at a time, while developing on an unstable/development branch. (Think developing two versions in parallel)

For example, GNOME has versions x.y.z with odd y implying a development series and even y implying a stable series. GNOME releases 2.30 as stable for the world to use. After the release, developers start working on 2.31.x which is unstable. If they find any important bug that they'd like fixed for users running 2.30 without providing a huge number of unpolished new features, they fix just that bug in 2.30 and release 2.30.1. If you're familiar with bzr you should be able to understand this in terms of 2.31 being developed on trunk, while 2.30 is a branch of trunk (branched when 2.29 became stable and was released as 2.30) where only bug-fixes are made.

In this case, you should make one series for each 2.29, 2.30, 2.31, etc and one trunk series. 2.29 and 2.30 will share the same bzr branch (since 2.30 is 2.29 after it is polished). 2.31 and trunk will share the same bzr branch. When you release 2.32, then branch trunk and call this branch 2.32 (that will be the bzr branch for both 2.31 and 2.32 series).

An example of a milestone in this case is 2.30.2 (in the 2.30 series). A milestone differs from a release in that a milestone is a future release and once that version is released, the milestone becomes a release. This is why is makes sense to target a bug for a milestone (future) and you can make a bug affect only (say) two out of five series because it affects only two of them and should be fixed on their respective branches (probably the current stable release and trunk)
Your project's development is linear. This means that you will release version 1.1 for everyone to use, keep developing features and fixing bugs until you are ready for 1.2 or 2.0 (or whatever you like). Then you release the latest available code. In this case, you aren't developing different versions in parallel, as illustrated by the series diagram on Launchpad).

In this case, you have only one series, one bazaar branch (both called trunk presumably) and all your milestones and releases are in this one series (whether 0.1, 1.0, 1.1 or2.0)

The later is simpler. The former more apt when you need to provide bug-fixes while you work on big changes for a later version (more necessary when it isn't a solo project).

HTH


14.04 Live gparted errors with ntfs partitions

There are several possibilities here. First off, is the current system bootable (Win. 7-8)?

-If so, you may need to boot into the current OS, then "Restart" into the Ubuntu install medium.

-If not, the volume may be locked (encrypted), try to mount the volume.

In the case you are able to mount the volume in RW "Read/Write" mode, try GParted again. If all of the above fail, boot into the current OS, and use this free tool to shrink the partition you wish to use, then install Ubuntu onto it.

[EDIT]: It appears you edited your question while I composed my answer, please ignore any duplicate information I may have provided.


How to remove a apt-key which I have added?

apt-key add adds a key to /etc/apt/trusted.gpg by default.

These keys are from Ubuntu repositories:

pub   1024D/437D05B5 2004-09-12
uid                  Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key <master@ubuntu.com>
sub   2048g/79164387 2004-09-12

pub   1024D/FBB75451 2004-12-30
uid                  Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key <image@ubuntu.com>

pub   4096R/C0B21F32 2012-05-11
uid                  Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key (2012) <master@ubuntu.com>

pub   4096R/EFE21092 2012-05-11
uid                  Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key (2012) <image@ubuntu.com>

Then you're left only with:

pub   1024D/D50582E6 2009-02-01
uid                  Kohsuke Kawaguchi <kkiu@kyterty.org>
uid                  Kohsuke Kawaguchi <kyterty.iuytre@sun.com>
uid                  [jpeg image of size 3704]
sub   2048g/10AF40FE 2009-02-01

Remove it by running:

sudo apt-key del D50582E6

If you really want to make sure you're removing the right key, you could add the key again to a new keyring:

wget -q -O - https://jenkins-ci.org/debian/jenkins-ci.org.key | sudo apt-key --keyring /tmp/test add -

Then list its contents:

sudo apt-key --keyring /tmp/test list

Then you'll see the key you want to remove.


I've been looking at this from the perspective of adding support for this in some GNOME Do plugins.  gnome-online-accounts is basically a single-sign-on API.  It provides a way for applications to get an authentication cookie for the configured online accounts.  It does not provide anything else; it's up to the application to know how to use that cookie to talk to the online service.

As such, it's entirely dependent on the applications to (a) query gnome-online-accounts for configured online services, and (b) actually know how to interact with those online services.

You can think of it as basically gnome-keyring for your online services.  It has been integrated into Ubuntu 11.10, in so much as the GNOME apps which support g-o-a will use it; there just aren't many apps that use it yet ☺.


What I did if I remember correctly:

sudo su
#Enter your password
apt-get remove libreoffice*.*
apt-get autoremove

Download all dpkg files pack from libreoffice. I suggest to use beta/development version, but it is your choice.

#unzip it
#do 'cd' into a unziped folder
cd DEBS

you should be now in the folder where are all deb files, continue...

dpkg -i *

can you see libreoffice installed? :)


Removing partition by reinstalling Ubuntu

Use GParted. Install it with sudo apt-get install gparted.

Screenshot from GParted site:

Delete old Windows partition by right clicking on it and selecting delete and then right click ubuntu partition and choose resize/move.


Would like to install Ubuntu on secondary hard drive within my computer

You're right.  Choosing Something else will allow you to accomplish your task.  Now you mentioned that you want to create a partition of 200GB for Ubuntu.  So you would create a partition of 200GB, and choose a mount point of / and create a swap file, twice the amount of RAM.

The images below are for illustration purposes, your actual case might be different.

Click on the + sign to create a partition.

Choose the size, but leave room for swap.  In this example I left a 14GB room for swap.

Create swap

Final outcome.  Make sure that you choose your first drive for boot loadrs installation.  Now you may click on Install Now


With the a window labeled Calendar - Korganizer open click View and then Filter, the last line on the drop-down menu.  I have it working with (x) Nofilter selected.

Just in case it's relevant to the 'cure', before I discovered this, I also thought there being no filters present was the problem, and so, added a dummy with no rules.  In the drop-down Menu, I selected my dummy entry first, and the entries popped into view on the Calendar.  Then I experimented by selecting Nofilter, thinking the entries might disappear, but they remained.  Probably the dummy filter was unnecessary, but I have no idea.

As far as I can see, in fact, there is no 'Calendar Manager' in the left-hand panel, unless that refers to a check-box to the left of the calendar icon??  The tool-tip's wording seems somewhat misleading, in the absence of further information being supplied -- from somewhere.

For more information, refer to Chapter 4. Views and Filters.


I have been running EXWM and booting straight into emacs for about 8 months now.
I will probably never use another window manager, its really great!

I am running Debian Stretch/ Emacs 26.0.50.
However, the following should work for you on Ubunutu and Emacs 25.1.1:

Steps

Check if your home directory has a .xinitrc
If not, copy the xinitrc from /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
2b. If you cant find this dont worry, touch a new file called .xinitrc
Paste the following into your file

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# This is a sample file for the ~/.xinitrc file.
#

# You may need to comment out the next line to disable access control
#xhost +

# Set themes, etc
gnome-settings-daemon &

# Set fallback cursor
xsetroot -cursor_name left_ptr

# If Emacs is started in server mode, `emacsclient` is a convenient way to edit
# files in place (used by e.g. `git commit`)
export VISUAL=emacsclient
export EDITOR="$VISUAL"

# Disable access control
xhost +SI:localuser:$USER

## Over-rides
#
xset b off &
#numlockx off                    # Turn off numlock

# Set keyboard repeat rate
xset r rate 180 40

# Set capslock as ctrl
setxkbmap -layout us -option ctrl:nocaps

# Programs to start upon startup
xfce4-power-manager &
syncthing -no-browser &         # Syncthing
nm-applet &                     # Network Manager
pasystray &                     # Pulseaudio volume control from tray
udiskie --tray &                # Disk mount utility

# launch emacs upon startup
exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session emacs

4. If you touched the file ~/.xinitrc then change its file permission to 774
5. Create a symlink to ~/.xinitrc called ~/.xsession

Note

If you create a symlink ~/.xsession instead of /.xsessionrc you will have the flexibility to install another window manager such as openbox or xfce.
At login, you will be able to choose whether you boot into exwm or another window manager.
But if you create the symlink to ~/.xsessionrc then your machine will always boot into exwm (unless over-ridden of course).
See here for more details

I recommend installing another window manager so when your emacs.d file does not load you can use a window manager to sort it out.

Enjoy.


Is there a way to get Blue-Proximity working or an alternative?

I forked the project and upgraded it. Now it runs on Python 3 so it will work on Ubuntu 20.04.
Find it here:
https://github.com/tiktaalik-dev/blueproximity
I haven't created .deb packages though because I don't know how (yet), but it can run directly from a folder in your user directory. Just create a link to the .sh file in that folder.
Hope you find it as useful as the old one :-)
Cheers.


How to check the information of current installed video drivers?

In Linux, there is two parts for the video driver, the kernel part and the X server part.

Let's identify your hardware first. By typing lspci | grep VGA in a terminal, you should see a line with you graphic card description (even if not configured at all).
Let's check the correct kernel driver is loaded find /dev -group video.
Let's check the correct X driver is loaded glxinfo | grep -i vendor.

If you want more help, I would like the result of following commands: (Remember, never trust command line that people ask you to execute without knowing what it does.)

lspci | grep VGA
lsmod | grep "kms\|drm"
find /dev -group video
cat /proc/cmdline
find /etc/modprobe.d/
cat /etc/modprobe.d/*kms*
ls /etc/X11/xorg.conf
glxinfo | grep -i "vendor\|rendering"
grep LoadModule /var/log/Xorg.0.log


You have to add your user to audio group

sudo adduser <username> audio

Replace <username> with your actual username

Restart your PC to take effect


Cinnamon Desktop Installation on 18.04-How To

Open the terminal and type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:embrosyn/cinnamon
sudo apt update
sudo apt install cinnamon cinnamon-desktop

This will install Cinnamon desktop environment 4 (currently version 4.0.9) in Ubuntu 18.04 instead of the cinnamon-desktop-environment 3.6 package which is in the default Ubuntu 18.04 repositories.


I cannot boot normally after online update 23.8.2018 from 16.04 to 18.04

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS switched to the Gnome Display Manager (GDM), that, currently, does not support the AMD Display Driver(AMDGPU).

As a temporary fix, you can switch back to LightDM (the one used in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS) by following the instructions in this post: How to change from GDM to LightDM?. When prompted, make sure you choose lightdm.

After you restart the computer, you should get a the Login screen.


Grub rescue problem after formatting windows partion

Once you have booted using the commands

set prefix=(hd0,msdos7)/boot/grub
set root=(hd0,msdos7)
insmod normal
normal

open a terminal using (Ctrl+Alt+t) and type:

sudo update-grub

and enter your password. This will update the partitions and inform grub which partitions to search for while booting.


Is there a way that I can disable change password

Use the -n option

  -n, --mindays MIN_DAYS

  Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
  MIN_DAYS. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user
  may change his/her password at any time.

So

sudo passwd <user> -n 10000

See http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/quantal/man1/passwd.1.html


Create a group for the purpose:

sudo addgroup --system guests

Make the temporary guest users be added to that group by editing or creating the file /etc/guest-session/prefs.sh and adding this line:

adduser $USER guests

Create the directory /var/guest-data like this:

sudo mkdir -m 2775 /var/guest-data
sudo chgrp guests /var/guest-data

See also the general guidance on how to customizing the guest session feature.


Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS: Failed Install (subiquity...install_fail/add_info)

I got it to complete the installation process after multiple attempts with the same subiquity error.
I used the updated version downloaded during the install.
I was having issues with running it with hardware raid (old MB and BIOS updates discontinued) so I disabled that and tried to install it on a single drive and still had issues. Then I tried using the legacy installer and it worked on a single drive. During the legacy installation it prevented me from using an underscore "_" in the host name and I did not notice any raid options as it automated most things (It might have manual options but I wasn't paying attention). The new installer lets you put an underscore so I am not sure if that is the issue or not. So then I tried the latest one again and did not use an underscore in the host name and configured software raid following this guide and it installed without any issues or error messages.
However, even though the install appeared to be successful, it would not boot. The drives are listed as possible boot options but "No bootable device" message shows on screen.
I went through the same process again and the partitions seemed different. I didn't notice the boot/efi last time so I left that one alone this time. I only needed to recreate some of the other partitions. The installer gives different configuration based on whether or not UEFI is enabled in the bios. I added both drives as bootable. But the installation finished.
However, when booting after using the latest installer, the prompt said "localhost login" and the account I created during installation does not work. So it appears the new installer doesn't set a host name and has issues with credentials. I am unable to log in but at least the installation completed and it boots.
I decided to give the legacy installer another try and after 2 attempts it is working as expected. The first attempt had issues with the RAID volume and grub failing to install. It was likely because of the previous attempts with the newest installer. The second attempt went flawlessly. I can log in with my account. The host name is set. I can SSH into it from a different computer.
TLDR:

It might cause problems to use an underscore in the host name.

Old MB with buggy RAID might be the issue so use software RAID via installation options.

Use the legacy installer. Some of the instructions on this blog helped but during the manual partition setup, I opted to auto create each drives partitions before setting them up as raid 1.


No option for installing any aap in Software Center

You probably not adding the multiverse repository.

$ apt-cache policy flashplugin-installer
flashplugin-installer:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 11.2.202.460ubuntu0.12.04.1
  Version table:
     11.2.202.460ubuntu0.12.04.1 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/multiverse amd64 Packages
     11.2.202.440ubuntu0.12.04.1 0
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     11.2.202.233ubuntu2 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/multiverse amd64 Packages

This shows that flashplugin-installer in multiverse repository so to solve your problem you have to enable it. To enable it run the command:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main  multiverse"

Now you have to update your source list

sudo apt-get update

Now you can install it eaither from software center or by command line using the command:

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer


The package sudo needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it

Try downloading sudo package and installing it manually:

# for 64bit system
wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/s/sudo/sudo_1.8.5p2-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb
# for 32bit system
wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/s/sudo/sudo_1.8.5p2-1ubuntu1.1_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i sudo_*.deb

If you can't use sudo to run the last command try to restart in recovery mode and execute it as root user.


How to create Live USB Ubuntu Encrypted with LUKS?

This is impossible since if the boot volume is encrypted the BIOS / UEFI will be unable to execute the boot sector / boot application.

What you can do though is use the Ubuntu Live Installer to install Ubuntu onto another USB stick as the system disk, with LUKS encryption.  The drawback will be that you lose the ability to hibernate because Ubiquity currently creates much too small swap partitions, and also randomizes the encryption key at every start, which obliterates the state of the swap partition.

In the second scenario you will have the boot partition unencrypted, so it can still be tampered with, ie a keylogger could be written into it.  You can get around that by signing the boot volume and using Secure Boot, but then you have to talk Microsoft into signing your boot volume or giving you a signing key.  Good luck with that.

If you really are worried about keyloggers, then carry your own PC, do not use wireless keyboard/mouse, enable secure boot, boot a LiveCD image which doesn't preserve any state whatsoever, use a VPN to connect a VNC/RDP client over SSL to the machine you actually keep your state with, use a strong, memorable password that you never record anywhere (see https://xkcd.com/936/ for an understanding of what this means.)

That will protect you from physical access, it will protect you from remote access, and it will save you from brute-force.   It will be inconvenient since you won't always have network access, you will always have to carry the hardware with you, and you will not be able to get good value from the hardware you are carrying since you're only using it as a thin client, disregarding its additional memory / processing / storage capabilities.

Even all of this won't protect you from a CCTV camera locked on your keyboard while you type, so you will also need to be aware of your surroundings.

It may also run you up a significant mobile data bill.

So unless you really are a very exceptionally fat, juicy target that's likely to be targeted by people who are prepared to invest the resources to hack you, I think you're better off just avoiding using public internet terminals, carrying your own inexpensive device, securing it with LUKS, using a VPN or at least TORBrowser to guarantee your browsing isn't being spied on.  Then your biggest worry should be whether you leave your device somewhere and it gets stolen, but no worry over whether they have access to your data.


Just do

 sudo apt-get -y --allow-unauthenticated install openfoam4

There will be no error now.

However do remember that installation of unauthenticated packages is a great security risk. Do it at your own risk.


I extracted the following paragraph from an edit to the question by the OP, which should have been an answer instead.

  I can now use the drive. I tried to use it in Windows 8.1 and it said something was wrong with it. It repaired it and now I can use it in Ubuntu. Windows 8.1 appears to have deleted the pdf User Guide mentioned above (which came with the drive and was never used), as well as the encryption software that it applied to.


Where does Netbeans remember opened files?

Flush the following directory:
~/.netbeans/{netbeans_version}/var/filehistory/

Also the cache is located elsewhere:
~/.cache/netbeans/{netbeans_version}/

Both of these can cause startup issues, and both are safe to trash (they will be regenerated on startup if they do not exist or are incomplete).

Some advice around the web says to delete the entire ~/.netbeans folder. Don't do that unless you also want to lose all of your database and service credentials and plugin settings. Only the two above folders need to be trashed to fix your issue.

File structure seems from my experience to be consistent across most all Linux distros, but differs substantially on OSX and Windows. Most answers I've come across address windows, which is purely unhelpful to linux users.


Step 1: Stop using the Drive!

Step 2: Boot up using LiveCD/USB

Step 3: Install TestDisk to the live session using Software Centre

Step 4: Follow this guide to recover your partition. Pay particular attention to step 10. I think that might work for you.


KDE Plasma 5.18.4 Clipboard and Notification Widget clear history button bug

This is not a bug, it's the intended icon. It's a broom that cleans/clears the list of items.
If you don't like it you're free to choose another icon theme.


Why is Ubuntu booting in 2D mode on VMware?

Did you enable 3D options in the vmware settings?
Considering its a VM, why do you need a 3D desktop?


How to solve alike "linking CXX executable" issues

I tried building from the standard instructions and also found problems. However I did manage to build it in the end as follows:
Install Dependencies
sudo apt install uuid-dev libsqlite3-dev libmysqlclient-dev libmagic-dev libexif-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libspdlog-dev libpugixml-dev libavutil-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libavdevice-dev libavfilter-dev libavresample-dev libswscale-dev libswresample-dev libpostproc-dev duktape-dev libmatroska-dev libsystemd-dev libtag1-dev libfmt-dev ffmpeg git cmake autoconf libtool

Build/Install spdlog
During my first "configure" I received a message stating that there would be a conflict with the Ubuntu provided spdlog. Here we build and install our own with the correct flags set.
git clone https://github.com/gabime/spdlog
cd spdlog
cmake -D "SPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL:BOOL=true" .
make
sudo make install

Download gerbera
git clone https://github.com/gerbera/gerbera.git

Build/Install libupnp
The library provided by Ubuntu is too old so we need to build and install a newer version. The gerbera source provides a script to do this for us.
cd gerbera/scripts/
chmod +x install-pupnp.sh
sudo ./install-pupnp.sh

Build/Install gerbera
From the folder holding the gerbera root folder you downloaded:
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DWITH_MAGIC=1 -DWITH_MYSQL=1 -DWITH_CURL=1 -DWITH_JS=1 -DWITH_TAGLIB=1 -DWITH_AVCODEC=1 -DWITH_EXIF=1 -DWITH_LASTFM=0 -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 ../gerbera
make
sudo make install

The above all worked when I tried it on a fresh install of Ubuntu 20.04.
Alternative
If you'd rather not build gerbera yourself, there is a Ubuntu PPA available. Therefore, you could install gerbera easily as follows:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stephenczetty/gerbera-updates
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install gerbera


The very same sound issue on Ubuntu 20.04. HELP!

This is how I solved the issue on a Asus Zenbook with the same audio device a while back:

Open terminal and type sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
Add this at the end of the file: options snd-hda-intel model=auto
Restart the system.

Hopefully this solves your problem.


Ok I figured it out:

The problem is due to the missing paths for anaconda (namely jupyter and activate). If I run my script via terminal it has all the necessary paths from .bashrc.
When I try to run the script from nautilus it doesn't have the necessary paths.

The solution is simply to provide the full path for every executables within that script.

However I'm not sure how to shut down the jupyter notebook this way afterwards.


Where I can get a tablet with Ubuntu, or I could use Ubuntu on any tablet that meets requirement?

At present Ubuntu Touch is not sold with any tablets, but Canonical provides flashable images for use on specific devices. You can flash Ubuntu Touch onto the Nexus 7 and 10, or you may be able to compile it for other devices. Please look at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Devices for the list.

The short summary - for now, the officially supported device images available from Canonical are the Galaxy Nexus and Nexus 4 phones, and Nexus 7 and 10 tablets, but you'll have to flash it yourself, after backing up your data and unlocking/rooting your device. Other devices are more or less supported by the community.


top like utility for network activity/ports by process

You can use nethogs  a small 'net top' tool to continuously monitor network traffic by process.

It has  PID, USER, PROGRAM, DEV,  SENT and RECEIVE column.


Use the Simple Scan application which should be pre-installed.

If you can't find it, install it using:

sudo apt-get install simple-scan

See this for further information.


Login with facial recognition in Ubuntu 13.04?

I was able to sort of get Biologin to work in Ubuntu 13.10 32-bit, but the display manager I'm using is gdm 3.8.4-0ubuntu2 .

It didn't let me see my face but my camera still turned on so I don't know if it's for lightdm.


How to assign an IPv4 address to a second network interface of an LXC container?

Years late but you can add this other line:

lxc.network.ipv4 = XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX


Ubuntu Server and OpenVPN Client, SSH ACCES!

I am not an Ubuntu or Linux expert in no way but research this a lot last yeat and i have a solution that works pretty well for me.

Get the network information of the VM before connecting to your VPN client

ifconfig

ens4      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 42:01:0a:8a:00:04
          inet addr:10.138.0.4  Bcast:10.138.0.4  Mask:255.255.255.255
          inet6 addr: fe80::4001:aff:fe8a:4/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1460  Metric:1
          RX packets:1981508 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1035619 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:12219837340 (12.2 GB)  TX bytes:3879977314 (3.8 GB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:56603 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:56603 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:30401852 (30.4 MB)  TX bytes:30401852 (30.4 MB)

Take note of the adapter and IP Address, since GCP is wired you will have to get the subnet directly from GCP Portal.

Image 1

Once you have IP/Network infromation the work begins.

Backup route table and add a VPNBypass to existing table.

sudo su
cp /etc/iproute2/rt_tables /etc/iproute2/rt_tables_orig
echo "250   vpnbypass" >> /etc/iproute2/rt_tables
exit

Use cat /etc/iproute2/rt_tables to confirm bypass entry in rt_table.

Make sure the entry is inthere before you proceed.
Update the vpnbypass table to bypass VPN for subnet communication

Note that i am using the subnet and Ethernet name to add the rule to the vpnbypass table

sudo ip rule add from 10.138.0.0/20 table vpnbypass #Allow communication from Subnet
sudo ip rule add to 10.138.0.0/20 table vpnbypass  #Allow communication to Subnet
sudo ip rule add to 169.254.169.254 table vpnbypass  #Allow communication to Metadata Service
sudo ip route add table vpnbypass to 10.138.0.0/20 dev ens4 #Selecting route for vpnbypass table
sudo ip route add table vpnbypass default via 10.138.0.1 dev ens4 #selecting gateway

Connect to your VPN, the connection should not drop.  You can use curl ipinfo.io to confirm you are on VPN.

OPTIONAL

You can edit tthe rc.local file to make sure configuration is re-apply on reboot.

sudo vi /etc/rc.local

Add the following lines to the file

sudo ip rule add from 10.138.0.0/20 table vpnbypass #Allow communication from Subnet
sudo ip rule add to 10.138.0.0/20 table vpnbypass  #Allow communication to Subnet
sudo ip rule add to 169.254.169.254 table vpnbypass  #Allow communication to Metadata Service
sudo ip route add table vpnbypass to 10.138.0.0/20 dev ens4 #Selecting route for vpnbypass table
sudo ip route add table vpnbypass default via 10.138.0.1 dev ens4 #selecting gateway


How to continue the installation process after freeze?

In the bios there is a windows secure boot option you have to change. This mother board is built for windows and requires some BIOS tweaks.


How to run Openvpn Access Server and PPTPD (pptp server) at the same time?

One solution would be to share the networks.
E.g.:
Your openvpn server does have the ip 10.0.0.1. The clients do have the ip range 10.0.0.20-40.
Then you can put following values to your /etc/pptpd.conf:
localip 10.0.0.110
remoteip 10.0.0.111-119

I am using this setup because I needed a pptpd instance for my ipad. I did not find a working solution for openvpn within iOS.


I'm not sure what you are trying to do but if any idea is welcome I'd suggest using requests instead of urllib.

http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/index.html

If you need authentication ideas, they are here for you.

http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/authentication.html


I add a PPA but the software does not show up in Ubuntu 11.10 updates nor Software Centre

From my experience there are 3 reasons why it would not immediately show up in the repositories of Synaptic or Software Center:

You added the PPA, did the repo update and immediately went to Synaptic or Software Center to see it. For some reason, it takes a little more time for the package managers to reflect on the new changes. In Synaptic for example I can see the "Refreshing Cache" option in the search box when I add a PPA and go straight to it. I have to actually wait for the refresh to finish to see the package. If I go look for it it will not show up. Same goes with Software Center, doing an apt-get update does not make the package manager show in that instant the new package you want.
The PPA shows the package but you still can not see it in your package manager. This happens when the package has just been added to the PPA. For example, in my case when I updated the Wine PPA, the 1.4 was there for a whole day but I could not update to it until the next morning. For what I know, launchpad needs some time to get a package ready for download after it has been summited.
Cache problems. This can be quickly solved by just rebooting the PC. It happens when you are like me and don't need to reboot the PC because.. well because is Ubuntu, I can go on for days ^^. But in general is good to reboot after doing update after update of stuff.

Hope this helps.


Ubuntu 12.04 'Preparing for first use' stuck - Desktop installer

I have a triple boot myself (vista, ubuntu 11.04 and ubuntu 12.04).  The problem i encountered was the same as yours.  On the grub menu choose ubuntu 12.04, press e, look for the line "quiet splash", and change it to "quiet splash nomodeset", and continue with booting.  If this solves the problem you have tot do this modification permanently as root  with changing the grub file in /etc/default/grub  with the same modification. Do not forget a sudo update-grub afterwards.


will ubuntu 15 download to a faulty ubuntu 14 running next to a windows 10 install?

When you boot the disk, you will see an option for where to install the new ubuntu version.  It will present you with an option for where you'd like to install and inform you on what will happen.  One of the options will be to over-write the ubuntu partition, another will be to over-write the windows partition, and lastly it may present you an option to upgrade the ubuntu partition.

choose wisely. :)


No option for booting into ubuntu when sharing drive with windows 7

Windows is greedy and rewrites the master boot record to only point to itself, making it so that it bypasses GRUB and Ubuntu.  Typically, Ubuntu should be installed after Windows, but it's okay.

Burn this .iso to a disk and load and run it after Windows is installed. It'll restore the boot log and you'll see GRUB again and everything should be happy.


Ubuntu boots to black screen after Update to Ubuntu 18

You may need to fix a broken install/update.

If you can get to a command prompt ctrl+alt+F3 and have an internet connection via ethernet or wifi the fix may be trivial.

From the command prompt:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade --fix-missing

Then be sure to install the latest Nvidia drivers from the PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

Once all is done, reboot and enjoy.


openssl genrsa generate key with a passphrase

The reason private key was generated without passphrase is just because there was no encryption has been specified to encrypt generated key. The command should look like
openssl genrsa -des3 -out key3.pem -passout pass:"foobarpwd" 2048
openssl genrsa -aes -out key3.pem -passout pass:"foobarpwd" 2048
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out key3.pem -passout pass:"foobarpwd" 2048

in result the key file will have content when used aes256
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: AES-256-CBC,09B36E3B49DE4DB249D71CC8FE7C7DCE
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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----


to check wlan type "iwconfig" in your terminal

also try to add another wi-fi in your network manager
click on "edit connections" then "add" select "wi-fi" select your settings
now you'll have wi-fi in your nm :)


/usr/bin/gcc is just a symbolic link, eg:

$ ls -la /usr/bin/gcc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mär 12 17:28 /usr/bin/gcc -> gcc-4.9

Why the link on your system does not exist (anymore), we can only speculate about it.

You have two options:

Create the symbolic link

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 /usr/bin/gcc

or

Reinstall the package gcc

sudo apt-get install --reinstall gcc

I would prefer the second option.


How can I make video calls on Ubuntu 16.04?

You can try update and upgrade your system first, then install skypeforlinux from repository. Skype worked on 2 computers with no problem :).

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

You can get skype from: https://www.skype.com/en/download-skype/skype-for-linux/
Move to download folder and install .deb file

sudo dpkg -i skypeforlinux-64.deb

Hope i helped :)


Ubuntu 20.04 RST Issue with no access to Advanced BIOS options

I have Win 10 and wanted to do the same. What I did was logged into BIOS and switched RAID ON to AHCI. Then I made sure and booted to the USB, and installed 20.04 to replace 18.04 (the first option). Reboot into your new install of Ubuntu (still in AHCI) and go to 'Drives'. Set your windows drive/partitions not to automatically mount on system startup. Then you can reboot, go into BIOS and switch back to RAID ON. Now windows will boot fine and so will Ubuntu. If you don't set your windows drives to NOT boot automatically in Ubuntu then with RAID ON Ubuntu will spend a minute at the spash screen trying to find the hidden drives. Works fine, just a little awkward that you can't just install 20.04 with RSK enabled.


Can't set a permanent static IP address through network/interfaces

As Mark Plotnick pointed out in the comments /etc/network/interfaces does nothing if the system is using Network Manager.

I instead set a static IP for the wired address in the Network Manager (Connections Menu ⇒ Edit Connections) and things now seem to work.


I've run through a couple of ways to disable my touchscreen - the one that seems cleanest for me, in Ubuntu 17.10 is to edit the file "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/40-libinput.conf" and modify the section referring to touchscreens:

sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/40-libinput.conf

Scroll to the section about touchscreens, and add the line 'Option "Ignore" "on"' - the section contents will look like

Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "libinput touchscreen catchall"
        MatchIsTouchscreen "on"
        MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
        Driver "libinput"
        Option "Ignore" "on" #Disable loading the touchscreen
EndSection

see man xorg.conf, this option indicates to xorg that "the device should be ignored entirely, and not added to the server."


We can't tell by a laptop brand name as laptop manufacturers frequently switch out components based on supply, however, you can visit the list of Ubuntu Certified Hardware


Ubuntu 21.04 stuck on black screen with blinking cursor at boot

Okay after playing around i think i fixed it.
Steps:

Via terminal run nvidia-settings
Click on PRIME Profiles on the left, and select NVIDIA On-Demand
Reboot

In my case it led to me seeing the normal Ubuntu GUI 21.04 login screen, and nvidia proprietary drivers are still installed and are able to be used.
Hopefully this works for you as well !


How to make Spotify the default music player?

Don't have spotify so can only answer question 1 generally

The 'Default music player', or 'Listen to Music' in the Dash is set by whatever app is the default application for audio/x-vorbis+ogg

That is the extent of the usefulness to setting a default music player in System Settings > System Info > Default Applications > Music

To use a player that doesn't show up in the above setting's dropdown list there are 2 ways, most direct, in all cases  the app must have a .desktop, in this case maybe spotify.desktop

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list

In the [Default Applications] section look for this line

 audio/x-vorbis+ogg=

If it's there replace the whatever.desktop with the whatever.desktop of your choice, otherwise just add the line, Example -  I've set audacious, you'd be using spotify.desktop if it exists

[Default Applications]
audio/x-vorbis+ogg=audacious2.desktop

Additionally you may want to add that whatever.desktop to the end of the same line in [Added Associations], same example, note that entries in Added end with ;

[Added Associations]
audio/x-vorbis+ogg=vlc.desktop;audacious2.desktop;

The other thing that can be done is to open your app's .desktop file in a text editor, in this case possibly spotify.desktop

Add a %U to the end of the Exec= line, again using as an Example audacious

Exec=audacious2 %U

Also look for a MimeTypes= line & see if there is this entry, audio/x-vorbis+ogg;

If not then just add to end of line


The problem is a bug in Gnome-Shell that causes my preferences file to become corrupted, which then can't be loaded and causes Gnome-Shell to crash and bump me back to the login screen.

The workaround is to delete my preferences file:

rm ~/.config/dconf/user

and then reboot. I lose all my customizations but at least I can login.


How do I enable overlay scrollbars in Firefox?

That is currently not possible, due to the libraries that Firefox's user interface is written using.

There is a bug report that you can mark as affecting you: https://bugs.launchpad.net/firefox/+bug/767040


Builded and installed pulseaudio from sources - solved this problem, microphone working ok (link to build pulseaudio from sources)
But got time to time sound distortion for some reason during playback.