Klipper pop-up menu does not exist anymore

Open the klipper pop-up menu with your mouse, go to 'Configure Klipper' go to Advanced and then Shortcut Options. You should be able to configure/re-configure the shortcut key in here. If this fails, then the Desktop Environment mught be overriding that key combination for a different function.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Klipper

Hope this helps,
Bodsda


How to find appropriate PPA for installing specific package to solve Unable to locate package?

Usually, I do as Jacob Vlijm said through a search engine DuckDuckGo/Google. Most of the time, they bring well results with users feedback from the web.

But not everything, in some cases I back to launchpad site itself which shows me always the final results:

Goto the main page https://launchpad.net/
Search with more keywords to minimize noise (other releases, arch's, ..)

Example: ppa openjdk-8-jdk amd64 trusty

Skip the top part (projects). The first one looks like what I want

  amd64 build of openjdk-8 8u91-b14-0ubuntu4~14.04 : OpenJDK ...
  Apr 22, 2016 ... “PPA for OpenJDK uploads (restricted)” team ... OpenJDK builds (all archs);
  amd64 build of openjdk-8 8u91-b14-0ub... created ... Series: Trusty.

However, the link took me to a buildlog, on top-right area you can see Build details → → Archive → OpenJDK builds (all archs) which is the PPA link.
Check if the PPA still has that build for trusty, by setting the filter:

Overview of published packages → Published in: trusty then press Filter


"ssh_askpass exec(/usr/libexec/openssh/ssh-askpass) no such file or directory" error when I try to push in Git repo using VS Code

I had to do 2 things to get this solved.

As @Wan-Chap said above
 sudo apt install ssh-askpass

Use this command to add bitbucket.org (In my case it was Bitbucket)
 ssh-keyscan -t rsa bitbucket.org >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts


OS collapsed after installing Ubuntu 13.10

You can't open files or folders but you can log in? That's what I get from the question.

Try pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2 this should take you into a terminal where you can log in.

From here run:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

then

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

And for good measure (not sure if you need it but it can't hurt)

sudo apt-get upgrade

Hopefully this should solve it.


Is there a way to activate Network Tablet on Ubuntu?

It works for me as an additional mouse, but it has the problem that without the Stylus or a device that can detect hovering it acts (outside of gimp) as if the mouse is clicked all the time, and that confuses most applications.

Probably it is simply a matter of waiting for upgrades. I proposed one here: https://github.com/rfc2822/GfxTablet/issues/50

About configuration: it shows up in Xubuntu configuration under "Mouse and touchpad" while the "./networktablet" driver is running:

I checked under Gnome Shell on another PC and I found no way to find the additional settings. You know, this new fad of simplification versus configurability.

Probably it is simply a matter of waiting for upgrades. I proposed one here: https://github.com/rfc2822/GfxTablet/issues/50

BTW, great app nonetheless. It has big potential.


Might be a driver problem. Check out the manual for the linux installation: https://www.tp-link.com/support/download/tl-wn8200nd/


unity - Ubuntu 16.04 no menu bar, launcher, top bar, dash, window borders disappeared

I've found an answer:

cd .cache
mv compizconfig-1 compizconfig-1_renamed

and reboot. You lose your Desktop settings, but you get back your Desktop.


Install oracle-java7-installer showing error

Oracle JDK 6 and 7 are not available by default in Ubuntu 16.04 repositories and requires you to add repositories for the same as follows:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java

$ sudo apt-get update

You may now run your command and enjoy using Java.

If you get error while installing ppa:repository, you will need to re-install ca certificates as follows:

$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall ca-certificates

Once this is done try running first two commands again.


Can I count on SSD to distribute wear evenly?

the disk is very likely to distribute wear evenly, as they are usually engineered to do so, but it is not an ubuntu issue, it is mainly about the hardware. Don't really worry about it, but don't blame ubuntu if it fails.


What's the preferred workaround until /etc/rc.local bug is fixed?

You should still use /etc/rc.local unless you yourself can confirm that rc.local isnt working.

After consulting with micahg (IRC user) who is on bugsquad and bugcontrol, we've confirmed that /etc/rc.local runs as expected behavior is on 12.04.  As the bug you mentioned is "Incomplete", it is likely an edge-case bug and not a bug that is confirmable.

What I would have put on a comment on that bug (but did not after talking with micahg) is this (note that a bunch of it is context-specific for the bug)

  rc.local does indeed boot on a clean 12.04 installation.  I have
  confirmed that rc.local does correctly work, after numerous changes to
  the file and numerous reboots.

  I have 30 different commands which activate or deactivate certain
  services, and run specific services that are not in /etc/init.d/ or
  upstart.  Each and every one of those commands has correctly run (just
  tested) on a clean 12.04 installation.

  Since /etc/rc.local requires superuser to edit, i do not think its
  getting overwritten or overridden by the desktop, except in certain
  circumstances where a graphics driver is taking over settings (or a
  GUI taking over settings for instance for backlight or screen
  brightness on laptops, which I tend to see happen when a proprietary
  graphics card's drivers and software are used), in which case
  /etc/rc.local is most likely being run, but the GUI and relevant software starting
  afterwards is running additional commands and directives post-rc.local runtime.

  This needs additional testing with numerous different command
  combinations, but expected behaviour of rc.local is indeed occurring
  on standard 12.04 and 11.04 tests I have run.


Why am I getting "Permission denied: make_sock: could not bind to address" when starting Apache2?

Some words about the errors you get which hopefully will save you from similar situations in future.
In Linux ports from 0 to 1024 are reserved for system use. This means that in order to use one, you must have the authority to change - access basic system settings. The root user has such privileges and can actually use a port  from the range 0 - 1024.
In your problem as you can see, the system through Apache2 response indicates the root of the problem ([...]could not bind to address blah blah 80):
(13)Permission denied: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
(13)Permission denied: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80

When the Apache2 http daemon starts, it tries to bind the 80 port as it is the default port for use in HTTP see, which is a port within the system assigned ports and as such it can only be accessed by root.
You executed the start command as a typical user without root privileges and led to failure to do so.
In simple words:
You:

Hi Apache2. I am Kongthap and I am telling you to start (/etc/init.d/apache2 start)

Apache2:

OK. I am starting (Starting web server apache2)
System, please give me port 80 to use and listen for connections.

System:

OK. One moment to check...
Ahh... Sorry Apache2 but I cannot let you run at 80 port, it is for personal use.
And you do not have the correct privileges to bind it. (Operation not permitted)

Apache2:

Ohh, Kongthap I failed to start, the System did not let me do it ((13)Permission denied:[...])

Conclusion
There are mainly two solutions to this problem:

Run the Apache2 HTTP daemon with root privileges using sudo:
sudo service apache2 start

or:
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start

Change the default port from 80 to something greater than 1024, say 2000, 2500, 9000, etc. A typical port to run when in such situation is 8080
sudo vi /etc/apache2/ports.conf

look for or if not there add:
Listen 8080

or any other port of your choice such as port > 1024 and the selected port is not used by another process.


The majority of the ubuntu distributions (even plain ubuntu), can handle Mobile Broadband modems with no problems. But in my experience with some modems (ZTE and Huawei) the availability to use the Broadband modem is based on the behaviour of the modem itself, which can be handled by the majority of the systems as both: broadband modem or usb CD-ROM. This is caused by the need of some vendors to include the drivers and applications in the same item.

In ubuntu you may try to eject the modem (which should be in the desktop or in your mounted devices area at: /media/) and after a few seconds, the item will be recognized as a modem and not a CD nor USB memory.

If everything happens as we expect, then you will be able to use your modem and get your connection.

REMEMBER: Just "eject" the device, DON'T unmount, which shall result in the unavailability of getting access to the device.

Good luck!


Is it possible to use mouse gestures without pressing a key?

You can use EasyStroke using mouse buttons rather than keys. If you uncheck all of the modifier keys, you can use plain left or right button mouse gestures.


After routine update on 14.04, cannot even SEE internet (no ethernet, no wifi)

The issue arose due to a regression introduced with a fix for libnl3 bug #1511735.

I resolved this issue by downloading a newer version of network-manager from another computer with a functional network connection.

Here are the respective download links for the amd64 and i386 architectures.

Copy the .deb file to a USB stick and install it on the affected computer with:

$ sudo dpkg -i network-manager_0.9.8.8-0ubuntu7.3_amd64.deb

For more information, please, refer to:

https://askubuntu.com/a/771692/164341
https://askubuntu.com/a/727462/164341


Telegram Desktop

Please use either

https://telegram.org/dl/desktop/linux (64bit) or
https://telegram.org/dl/desktop/linux32 (32bit)

Telegram Web

Telegram offers as well a Webinterface and a Chrome app.

More

A list of official and unofficial clients can be found here.

Special-Case: Franz

I am using Franz myself, as it covers several Messengers (Skype, Whatsapp, Telegram, Slack, FB-Messenger etc) in 1 client.


Can I (safely) explore linux server using oracle VM

VMs isolate the guest OS from the host OS.
 You can safely do whatever you want in the VM and do not need to fear that you may somehow overwrite data on the host OS or change the hosts boot sectors.


I also have the Thinkpad E470. The internal card reader can be used using the option debug_quirks2="0x4000" for the module sdhci. This activates the SDHCI_QUIRK2_ACMD23_BROKEN behaviour. You can set this option by adding a file 10-sdhci.conf to /etc/modprobe.d containing

options sdhci debug_quirks2="0x4000"  # SDHCI_QUIRK2_ACMD23_BROKEN

After that, it may be necessary to rebuild your init ram disk (update-initramfs -u) to make sure this option is there when the module is loaded on boot.


As the error message suggests, you seem to have not installed java, you need java to run the application you are tying to.

You can either have Oracle java or openjdk, to install oracle java, have a look at this question:

How can I install sun oracles proprietary java 6 or 7 jre or jdk

or if you want openjdk, you can install it as:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-6-jdk

and then run the application as:

./DeepShredder11


Is there any way to see data coming from bluetooth?

hcidump
We can monitor raw HCI data transmitted from or to a Bluetooth device with hcidump from the package bluez-hcidump:
hcidump [-i hciX] [--save-dump=<file>]

If no option is given hcidump will assume the first device available. Otherwise we need to specify the device we want to monitor (e.g. hci1). If needed we can optionally dump the traffic to a file specified with option --save-dump=.


Precautions to take when installing Ubuntu on a laptop and moving the HDD to a headless server?

Nope, don't think you'll need to modify fstab. Partitions are mounted by their UUIDs, not by names, so, no problems there. If there are several HDD (physical hard disk devices) on the server, you may need to reinstall GRUB.


How to I connect a raw serial terminal to a bluetooth connection?

Here is my way to proceed to connect to a HC-05 bluetooth device plugged on my arduino. It does not need to write a file like in Brian's answer, but the idea is similar. I've tested it with a baud 9600 rate setup on the HC-05 device.

First step : pair the device and provide the PIN

I tried to setup from GUI the pairing, but it wasn't working. Here is the command line way to proceed that worked for me. First, let us pair the device from command line. Run :

sudo bluetoothctl

Be sure that the bluetooth device is started :

# power on

We now start the agent that will "remember the pin" for rfcomm :

# agent on

Now we enable the scan mode to find our device and be able to pair it :

# scan on

After a few seconds the MAC of your device should appear. We will denote it as  after. Then, you just need to pair the device like this :

# pair <MAC>

You will be asked to type a PIN, by default it's 1234 on my HC-05 device. You can note that it's possible that you device connect then disconnect with a message like that :

[CHG] Device 20:16:10:24:29:77 UUIDs: 00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 20:16:10:24:29:77 ServicesResolved: yes
[CHG] Device 20:16:10:24:29:77 Paired: yes
Pairing successful
[CHG] Device 20:16:10:24:29:77 ServicesResolved: no
[CHG] Device 20:16:10:24:29:77 Connected: no

but it's not a problem. You do not need to connect, so you can now quit bluetoothctl by typing Ctrl + D.

Provide a usable file /dev/rfcomm0

Firstly, be sure that you didn't run any rfcomm command before. Indeed, even if you close with Ctrl+C the program, it still run in background.

sudo killall rfcomm

Now, you can run

sudo rfcomm connect /dev/rfcomm0 20:16:10:24:29:77 1 &

Note that if you try to write on the input of rfcom, nothing happened. You need to use another program.

Third and last step : write into the /dev/rfcomm0

There are several ways to write on the file, but note that all ways to proceed involve root. I describe here several programs that can do that (so that you can choose depending on your need or on what is installed on your system for example). If you forget to run the program as root, you may have an error :

stty: /dev/rfcomm0: Device or resource busy

First option : connect using screen

Screen is a very powerfull tool. You can install it (it's always usefull anymore) by using :

sudo apt-get install screen

and then run

sudo screen /dev/rfcomm0

If you forget to run it as root, you will get an error like Aleksander got :

[screen is terminating]

To quit it, type "(CTRL + A) + :quit"

Second option : connect using minicom

Install it

sudo apt-get install minicom

and then run

sudo minicom -D /dev/rfcomm0

If you forget to run it as root, you will have an error like

minicom: cannot open /dev/rfcomm0: Device or resource busy

To quit it, type "Ctrl + A X".

Third option : python script miniterm

Download this script, and run :

chmod +x miniterm.py
sudo ./miniterm.py /dev/rfcomm0

Write directly into the file

Firstly run the following command (9600 is the baud rate) :

sudo stty -F /dev/rfcomm0 cs8 9600 ignbrk -brkint -icrnl -imaxbel -opost -onlcr -isig -icanon -iexten -echo -echoe -echok -echoctl -echoke noflsh -ixon -crtscts

Now you can write in this file like in a classic file :

sudo su -c "echo 'message' > /dev/rfcomm0"

and in theory read from it using

sudo tail -f /dev/rfcomm0

But I don't know read does not work, if any of you have an idea...


Folder created, owned by root (android create project)

Generally anything in /usr/local is either owned by root or by the group "staff" in Debian distros. You can create a group that can write to that directory and add yourself to it if you want.

sudo groupadd usrlocal
sudo usermod -a -G usrlocal $user
sudo chown -R /usr/local/* root:usrlocal
sudo chmod 750 /usr/local

Also you can use the setuid bit to ensure that the SDK is always launched by root.

sudo chmod +t /usr/local/sdk/script

I think that may be what's causing your problem, if I understand correctly. If you need write access use '770' instead.

Edit: (For the sake of completeness) Unless configured otherwise, any files a program it creates will be owned by the user that's running the program. If the script/program does not need root privileges, change the ownership to yourself:

sudo chown /path/to/exec $user:$user


how can I connect to internet using wifi on my Dell Inspiron 1545 running on Ubuntu 12.04

Please obtain a working ethernet connection, open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-lpphy-installer

After it completes, detach the ethernet and do:

sudo modprobe -r b43 && sudo modprobe b43

Your wireless should be working. In a few cases, it takes a reboot.


Why can't Update Manager find any updates?

You must have the -updates and -security repositories set!

You aren't getting any updates because they go into the precise-updates and precise-security repositories, and you only have the main precise repository in your sources.list!

Set up Software Sources this way:

Or if you want to manually edit /etc/apt/sources.list, add the following two lines:

deb http://ir.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ir.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse


You can change and reset the MySQL root password on Ubuntu Linux. Enter the following lines in your terminal.

1. Stop the MySQL Server: sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop
2. Start the mysqld configuration: sudo mysqld --skip-grant-tables &
3. Login to MySQL as root: mysql -u root mysql
4. Replace "newpassword" with your new password:

UPDATE
  mysql.user
SET
  Password = PASSWORD('newpassword')
WHERE
  User = 'root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit;

Note: on some versions, if password column doesn't exist, you may want to try:
UPDATE user SET authentication_string=password('newpassword') WHERE user='root';

After changed pass success. however, it works.

References:

http://ubuntu.flowconsult.at/en/mysql-set-change-reset-root-password/
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/resetting-permissions.html


Upgrading to Ubuntu desktop 14.10 from 14.04 failed because of loop between services

Managed to resolve by

Removing the 2 conflicting scripts from /etc/init.d
Reinstalling nvidia drivers using apt-get install  nvidia-331-dev

After installing the nvidia driver the installation seemed to proceed from where it left off .But no clean up happened and I had to force clean the apt cache to free up space .

The loop condition between services  can best handled by utpoic ugrader as it seems to be related to upgrade of core system OR kernel .


Is there a color scheme generator for the Desktop that can simulate color blindness?

Compiz has a colour filter plugin. It allows you to transform any colour into another and it sounds like it might be perfect for highlighting colour blindness. What is instantly better than a browser plugin is that you can apply this to any window or even the entire screen.

You'll want to install compizconfig-settings-manager before you do anything else. And one note before you enable it, you'll probably need to change the keys because they'll conflict with other plugins. The combination in the screenshot below worked for me.

If you can't find it, make sure compiz-plugins-main is installed.

It seems like deuteranopia and protanopia are the filters you want. Just delete the ones you don't need and you'll be able to switch between the modes you want very easily. If you want to make any changes to the existing filters, look in /usr/share/compiz/colorfilter/data/filters/

Good luck!


HorizSync and VertRefresh for ASUS PG191

This is my monitor section, where you can see correct values that I use.
You should copy paste it in your xorg.conf. I don't remember where I found this, but it works.

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier     "Monitor0"
    VendorName     "Unknown"
    ModelName      "CRT-0"
    HorizSync       29.0 - 68.0
    VertRefresh     48.0 - 75.0
    Modeline        "1280x1024" 108.000 1280 1328 1440 1688 1024 1025 1028 1066 +hsync +vsync
    Option         "DPMS"
EndSection

xrandr output:

user@user-pc ~ $ xrandr
Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 1280 x 1024, maximum 16384 x 16384
VGA-0 connected primary 1280x1024+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm
   1024x768      75.03 +  70.07    60.00
   1920x1080     59.93
   1680x1050     59.95    59.88
   1440x900      59.89
   1400x1050     59.98
   1360x768      59.96    59.80
   1280x1024     60.02*
   1280x960      60.00
   1152x864      75.00    75.00    70.00    60.00
   960x540       59.99
   840x525       60.01    59.88
   832x624       74.55
   800x600       75.00    72.19    60.32    56.25
   720x450       59.89
   700x525       59.98
   680x384       59.96    59.80
   640x480       75.00    72.81    59.94
   512x384       70.07    60.00
   400x300       72.19
   320x240       72.81    60.05
HDMI-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DVI-D-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)


First, it's unclear what you mean that you "dealt with UEFI." There's a LOT of misinformation floating around about EFI-mode booting, so a vague statement that you "dealt with" it could mean that you've followed appropriate advice or that you've followed any of the many (in fact, perhaps more numerous than correct) pages that present iffy or flat-out wrong information. My Web page on Linux UEFI installations is accurate, to the best of my knowledge, but is not Ubuntu-specific. The Ubuntu wiki page on UEFI is also reasonably accurate, although I haven't studied it in depth.

Second, one very common problem with creating Ubuntu installation optical discs is accidentally creating a disc that contains the .iso file, rather than burning the .iso file as a disc image. If you open the disc you burned in Windows and see a single .iso file as its contents, it's burned incorrectly; you should see over a dozen files and directories:

autorun.inf  casper  EFI      isolinux    pics  preseed             ubuntu
boot         dists   install  md5sum.txt  pool  README.diskdefines  wubi.exe

That's what's on a 14.10 AMD64 desktop image. Other architectures and versions may vary a bit.


export the below variables in terminal

export http_proxy='http://proxyServerSddress:proxyPort'
export https_proxy='https://proxyServerSddress:proxyPort'

and use the following commands to disable proxy

unset http_proxy
unset https_proxy


Which more can I remove from my /boot in order to get space?

Like @mikewhatever suggested, boot into a live session from CD or USB stick (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD) with an up to date Ubuntu iso image and use gparted to enlarge the partition which is mounted under /boot, i.e. /dev/sda6 (give some space from /dev/sda9). The size of the /boot partition has been badly chosen!

BACKUP ALL DATA ON PARTITIONS YOU'RE RESIZING, better the whole disk!


According to the specification page from Toshiba for that computer, it uses an Intel Pentium T3400 processor. This processor (according to the Intel page here) is of a 64-bit architecture. If your computer has 2 or more Gb of RAM, the 64-bit version of Ubuntu (or derivatives) is (are) recommended and will run quite well. If you have less than 2Gb of RAM,then the 32-bit version will involve a significant enough reduction in memory overhead that it will run better on your machine than the 64-bit version.

TL;DR:
your computer can run either, but if you have less than 2Gb of RAM use the 32-bit version. Else, use the 64-bit version.


Lubuntu boots into terminal | Could not create lock file in /tmp/.tX0-lock

Finally i managed to fix the issue.

The issue was due to corrupted(not really) entry for swap partition in my /etc/fstab. Swap entry was /dev/sda5 instead of its UUID.

I believe the system failed to detect my swap partition from fstab and caused this issue turning my all file system read only.

So replacing the swap name from /dev/sda5 to its UUID in /etc/fstab from a live USB fixed the issue.

But i haven't changed anything in /etc/fstab before this issue started and don't know why this issue happened.

This answer explains why we need to add UUID in fstab instead of /dev/sd_


Polkit pkla files seem to be ignored in 18.04

I answer my own question as I solved the issue in the meantime:
I used Libreoffice to edit the pkla file. Atfer checking the file with the command cat -A filename.pkla I discovered that there was a hidden line at the top of the file. This line was neither visible with libreoffice nor with nano. I suppose this line prevented polkit to read the file but no error was reported in logs. I edited a brand new file with nano and now it works.


where to add "export IBUS_ENABLE_SYNC_MODE=1"

From the linked page,

  Either upgrade IBus to version 1.5.11 or add "export IBUS_ENABLE_SYNC_MODE=1" to your ~/.profile, then restart a session.

Add export IBUS_ENABLE_SYNC_MODE=1 to ~/.profile, and restart your session. If that does not work, try upgrading IBus with sudo apt-get upgrade.

Edit

Type echo 'export IBUS_ENABLE_SYNC_MODE=1' >> ~/.profile into a bash shell.
That command echos the text export IBUS_ENABLE_SYNC_MODE=1 into ~/.profile.


How to use virtualbox sharefolder of linux virtualmachine?

In the Centos VM, open a terminal and type:

sudo adduser your_username vboxsf

then logout/login, or reboot the VM.

Your shared folders should work now.


Can I clean install Ubuntu over top of existing Ubuntu install partition on a Windows dual-boot drive without reformatting whole drive?

Sure. Just choose "something else" during installation for manual partitioning and reformat the partitions that Ubuntu is supposed to use. Obviously, all their data will be lost in the process, but no need to touch Windows partitions.

Relevant comment by TrailRider:

  The answer is correct but may have be more complicated that needed. You should be able to boot from the cd/usb and after clicking the install button, the choices window should give you the option to "Erase Ubuntu and reinstall" . Selecting that would format the Ubuntu partition only and do a clean install of Ubuntu.


How to install MBR with Maverick or Karmic

I have to admit I don't know exactly what you are asking, but if you want to reinstall the bootloader grub then you need to enter the following at a terminal (Applications->Accessories->Terminal):

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

This will install grub onto your [first] hard drive. You may also want to reload the list of operating systems that grub uses when you startup:

sudo update-grub

Both of these commands will prompt you for your password.


Can I test the physical memory of a VPS or virtual machine?

Unless you have access to the physical host which the VPS or virtual machine is running on, the answer is no, unfortunately.

If you really suspect memory corruption may be an issue, ask your host to move the VPS to a different physical host. If it continues, then it's most probably a software issue.


Netbook-sized Unity launcher for big screen desktops?

You can adjust the size of the launcher using Compiz Config Settings Manager (CCSM):

Warning: CCSM is in universe and not shipped by default for a reason, it can be flaky, so be careful in there, it can break things, if you find yourself with a broken window manager, see this question to reset your configuration.

Install Compiz config settings manager:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Open it (in the dash, search for "compiz" or "ccsm")
Click on the Unity Plugin it it
There, on the "experimental" tab, you can adjust the Launcher icon size.

How can I configure Unity?


Combine multiple images with X and Z coords

The command line is interpreted from left to right and on this case we would like to run the Y coordinate before the X, the solution is doing it by steps.
Firstly we join all the columns, secondly the rows.

#Join the columns
for x in {01..15}; do
  montage output_x${x}_y[0-1][0-9].png \
  -tile 1x15 -geometry +0+0 /tmp/result_${x}.png
done
#Join the rows
montage /tmp/result_[0-1].jpg -tile 15x1 -geometry +0+0 result.png


For the Window's version of Ubuntu, how do we find the password?

Log into Ubuntu and run id :
$ id
uid=1000(midway) gid=985(users) groups=985(users),98(power),988(storage),998(wheel)

In my case, midway is my username. Get your username from your install.
Now logout of ubuntu and into normal windows cmd.exe. Run ubuntu.exe like below :
ubuntu config --default-user root

The prompt will change and you will be logged into ubuntu as root. Now run the following  from within the ubuntu root prompt.
passwd <userNameYouObtainedFromAbove>

This command will set the password for ubuntu's default user. Follow the prompts. Once done, exit out of ubuntu root session and start a new Ubuntu session as you normally do.
You can now use this newly set password to run your apt install


Window buttons do not belong to the top window?

You may want to look at this Unity bugreport, it's an annoying one but still not fixed:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/781931


Unable to use Hardware Acceleration for Radeon HD 6490M GPU

I found the solution! Executing following will create a link to required file:

sudo ln -s xvba_drv_video.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so

And...

me@hostname:~$ vainfo
libva: VA-API version 0.32.0
libva: va_getDriverName() returns 0
libva: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so
libva: va_openDriver() returns 0
vainfo: VA-API version: 0.32 (libva 1.0.15)
vainfo: Driver version: Splitted-Desktop Systems XvBA backend for VA-API - 0.7.8
vainfo: Supported profile and entrypoints
      VAProfileH264High               : VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileVC1Advanced            : VAEntrypointVLD

Yay! It works! :)


How do I do a raw write to a cd with dd?

As CDs are not traditional block devices, writing via dd will likely not result in a usable CD.  If you want to write an image to a CD, use the wodim tool (what used to be known as cdrecord).

wodim dev=/dev/cdrom file.iso

Alternatively, you can use the graphical Brasero Disc Burner application included in the default install of Ubuntu.

Note also that a different process is used to boot off a CD compared to booting off a block device like a hard disk.  Rather than just executing code found in the first sectors of the image, it makes use of a process called the El Torito Bootable CD Specification.  In effect there is a table in the CD image that says where to find boot loaders for one or more CPU architectures.  The boot loader either exists directly on the CD itself, or inside a floppy disk image.  In the latter case, the BIOS emulates a floppy drive backed by that image and boots as normal from there.

If you want to boot Linux from the CD, I would suggest using the ISOLINUX boot loader.  A copy of the boot loader can be found in the syslinux package.

If you want to use some other custom boot code, the floppy emulation mode might be an easier choice.


There is an German article that describes how to package your own Eclipse. I just summarize it.

Install build tools:

sudo apt-get install fakeroot dpkg-dev debhelper unp
Prepare directory:

mkdir eclipse-platform

Download eclipse and unpack it:

unp eclipse-platform-3.6.2-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz
mkdir -p eclipse-platform/usr/lib
mv eclipse eclipse-platform/usr/lib/eclipse

Now some commands for the scripting:

mkdir -p eclipse-platform/usr/bin
nano eclipse-platform/usr/bin/eclipse

Paste this content:

#!/bin/sh
export UBUNTU_MENUPROXY=0
exec /usr/lib/eclipse/eclipse "$@"

Make it executable:

chmod +x eclipse-platform/usr/bin/eclipse

Now the Desktop entry:

mkdir -p eclipse-platform/usr/share/applications
nano eclipse-platform/usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop

with following content

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Type=Application
Name=Eclipse
Exec=eclipse
Terminal=false
Icon=/usr/lib/eclipse/icon.xpm
Comment=Eclipse Integrated Development Environment
Categories=Development;IDE;

A control File

mkdir eclipse-platform/DEBIAN
nano eclipse-platform/DEBIAN/control

with the content

Package: eclipse-platform
Version: 3.6.2-1
Architecture: amd64
Maintainer: YourName
Depends: openjdk-6-jre | sun-java6-jre
Section: devel
Priority: optional
Description: Eclipse IDE, static-linked, minimal plugins.

Now you can build a package and install it into your system

 fakeroot dpkg -b eclipse-platform eclipse-platform_3.6.2-1_amd64.deb
 sudo dpkg -i eclipse-platform_3.6.2-1_amd64.deb

Done! With this you can install your own eclipse the debian way.


It might correct sound card has not been selected.
You can select the sound card in the F6 key in alsamixer.
(If you can use a GUI environment, pavucontrol is recommended.)


Adding an mp3 file to a playlist on Banshee?

Simply, Add the mp3 file to Banshee

Then, right click on it, Add to Playlist.


How do you *actually* run a Snap package when your home directory isn't under /home?

It seems that snap gets its information on where your home directory is straight from /etc/passwd and not from any other source. One workaround that I've been able to get mostly working involves using a Docker container to replace /etc/passwd from snap's point of view, with one that says my home directory is /home/$USER.

I'm sure there's a lighter-weight way to do this (maybe just a chroot?) that would negate the need for some of the other workarounds I needed to get snap to work inside a container, and I haven't tried it with minetest, but here's the script I put together that runs the teatime Snap without me having to actually move my home directory. Basically it starts a container with snapd in it, with all the places that snapd keeps state mounted in from outside, but initialized with the base state of a freshly installed snapd (which is what it needs the local-persist Docker volume driver for). Then it runs snap in the container, as you, with all the X11 and DBUS plumbing wired up so that teatime can show its windows and desktop notifications.

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# teatime.sh: Run the teatime snap in a Docker container
# Requires local-persist driver installed in Docker: https://github.com/MatchbookLab/local-persist
# Installs it if not available.

set -ex

IMAGE_NAME="snapdock"
CONTAINER_NAME="snaphost"
STORAGE_ROOT="/var/lib/snapdock"
PASSWD_FILE="$HOME/etc/passwd.docker"

if [[ ! -f "${PASSWD_FILE}" ]] ; then
    # The /etc/passwd that claims we have a normal home directory doesn't exist.
    # We need to make it.
    mkdir -p "$(dirname "${PASSWD_FILE}")"

    cat "/etc/passwd" | sed "s_${HOME}_/home/${USER}_g" > "${PASSWD_FILE}"
fi

if ! (docker images "${IMAGE_NAME}" | grep "${IMAGE_NAME}" >/dev/null) ; then
    # There's no image ready. We need to make one
    WORKDIR="$(mktemp -d)"
    cd "${WORKDIR}"
    cat >Dockerfile <<EOF
FROM ubuntu:18.04
# Based on https://github.com/ogra1/snapd-docker/blob/master/build.sh
ENV container docker
ENV PATH "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
ENV LANG C.UTF-8
ENV LC_ALL C.UTF-8
RUN DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -q -y update && \
    DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -q -y upgrade && \
    DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -q -y install \
        fuse \
        snapd \
        snap-confine \
        squashfuse \
        sudo && \
    apt-get clean && \
    dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/udevadm && \
    ln -s /bin/true /sbin/udevadm
VOLUME ["/sys/fs/cgroup"]
STOPSIGNAL SIGRTMIN+3
CMD ["/sbin/init"]
EOF
    docker build . -t "${IMAGE_NAME}"
    cd -
    rm -Rf "${WORKDIR}"
fi

if ! which docker-volume-local-persist >/dev/null ; then
    # We need the local-persist driver installed into Docker.

    WORKDIR="$(mktemp -d)"
    cd "${WORKDIR}"
    curl -fsSL "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MatchbookLab/local-persist/45c5c344d5dfd358c28d7148be48302d20456fac/scripts/install.sh" >install.sh
    chmod +x install.sh
    cat install.sh
    sudo install.sh
    cd -
    rm -Rf "${WORKDIR}"
fi

if ! (docker ps --filter "name=${CONTAINER_NAME}" | grep "${CONTAINER_NAME}" >/dev/null) ; then
    # Container is not running. Start it.

    if [[ ! -e "${STORAGE_ROOT}" ]] ; then
        # Make sure we have the directories to mount
        mkdir -p "${STORAGE_ROOT}/lib"
        mkdir -p "${STORAGE_ROOT}/cache"
        mkdir -p "${STORAGE_ROOT}/systemd"
        mkdir -p "${STORAGE_ROOT}/snap"
        sudo chown -R root:root "${STORAGE_ROOT}"
    fi

    # Start the container
    docker run --rm --network=host --cap-add SYS_ADMIN --security-opt apparmor:unconfined --security-opt seccomp:unconfined --volume="$(echo ~:/home/${USER})"  --volume="${PASSWD_FILE}:/etc/passwd:ro" --volume="/etc/group:/etc/group:ro" --volume="/etc/shadow:/etc/shadow:ro" --volume="/etc/sudoers.d:/etc/sudoers.d:ro" --volume="/tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix:rw" --volume="/sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup:ro" --volume="/lib/modules:/lib/modules:ro" --device=/dev/fuse --tmpfs /run --tmpfs /run/lock --volume="/run/user/$(id -u):/run/user/$(id -u):rw" --tmpfs /tmp --volume="${STORAGE_ROOT}/lib/:/var/lib/snapd:rw" --volume="${STORAGE_ROOT}/cache/:/var/cache/snapd:rw" --mount "type=volume,volume-driver=local-persist,src=installed-snaps-systemd,target=/etc/systemd/system,volume-opt=mountpoint=${STORAGE_ROOT}/systemd" --mount "type=volume,volume-driver=local-persist,src=installed-snaps-snap,target=/snap,volume-opt=mountpoint=${STORAGE_ROOT}/snap" -it --name="${CONTAINER_NAME}" -d "${IMAGE_NAME}" >/dev/null

    # Wait for it to come up
    sleep 5

fi

# Make sure the snap is installed
docker exec snaphost snap install teatime
# Try and fail to run it as root to avoid complaints about not being able to capture mountpoints when we run it as us.
docker exec snaphost teatime || true
# Run it as us with X11 and Dbus set up
docker exec -d --user="$(id -u ${USER})" --env="DISPLAY" --env="DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS" snaphost teatime


ddclient: Invalid Value for keyword 'ip' = '' (Dynamic DNS)

So, I changed the web domain to: ipinfo.io/ip

And removed the second instance of server.

My final config file looks like this:

# Configuration file for ddclient generated by debconf
#
# /etc/ddclient.conf
daemon=150
syslog=yes
mail=***
mail-failure=***
pid=/var/run/ddclient.pid
ssl=yes

use=web, web=ipinfo.io/ip
server=api.dynu.com
protocol=dyndns2
#server=dynu.com
login=***
password='***'
***.DYNU.NET

And I got the wonderful email:

SUCCESS:  updating ***.DYNU.NET: good: IP address set to ***


Recover archive manager's "lost" columns?

You can not remove the columns in file roller.

What you probably did was make the column zero length.

Get your cursor to the left hand side so that is is 2 arrows pointing left and right. I made a screenshot with the column nearly gone:

Just drag the cursor to the right to make the column larger.


Input output error means the computer can't read your DVD.
Your DVD is damaged, burn a new one, if possible using a slightly slower speed rate than the last one. Also Make sure your DVD drive is clean too, there cleaner CDs that would do this.
Another alternative would be to boot from a Live USB drive.


What is the difference between Oracle JDK 8 and Open JDK 8?

Oracle JDK is a proprietary JAVA software by Oracle.

Open JDK is an open-source JAVA software.

There is no "recommended" JDK. You can use either one.


Ubuntu-Windows 7 dual boot, windows broken

you dont need to remove ubuntu.You can just delete the windows partition on ubuntu and reinstall windows on the same partition.
To delete a windows partition,you need to install gparted partition editor on ubuntu.Run the below commands on terminal to install gparted,

sudo apt-get install gparted

Open gparted ,locate the windows7 partition and format it to ntfs filesystem.
Then bootup the windows-live-disk.During windows installation select the custom option and then select the ntfs partition you formatted it on gparted and install windows to it.


Your .service file contains DISPLAY:=0, whitch is a pointer to the X server's screen 0.
However, the X server is not started at system startup time, but only after you perform a GUI login.
So, when /home/user/Desktop/sync.sh, at  system startup time, tries to talk to the X server handling DISPLAY:=0, there's NO X server, and things blow up real good.
The startup of X server dependent tasks should be done by a .desktop file in $HOME/.config/autostart/. Read man desktop-file-edit  desktop-file-validate. Find examples with locate .desktop. Read the "Desktop Entry specifacation" https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/desktop-entry-spec/


It is more likely that you have another instance of apt-get running at the same time. The way to exit it is:

If apt-get was started by you, either wait for it to finish or if you are at the "Y/n" prompt, answer it.
If it's running in  the background, just wait for it to finish. Normally this happens when apt is updating or upgrading packages.

You can see what apt is doing by opening a terminal and typing ps ax | grep apt. This will tell you what apt-get is doing at the moment:

$ ps ax | grep apt
26890 pts/1    S+     0:00 sudo apt-get upgrade
26956 pts/4    S+     0:00 grep apt

Please do not try to forcefully end apt. It's more likely that you will end up with a crippled system if you do.


How do I bundle several units of 3G modems to improve bandwidth?

To do this you will have to use some proxy with load-balancing capabilities. Squid is a default, if awkward, choice. However, explaining how to configure it is more than a paragraph or two. So read manuals and apply head.
This will improve the speed of simultaneous access to different files. To improve the speed of downloading single file, you will have to add the use of some downloader, like KGet, and no proof it will work. So don't expect it.


You can use the option -e robots=off to ignore the robots.txt file. If the webserver is not yours, however, ignoring the robots.txt file is considered rude.


What is "load" in System Load Indicator?

Short summary from two different sources.

From en.wikipedia.org/

  The load average represents the average system load over a period of
  time. It conventionally appears in the form of three numbers which
  represent the system load during the last one-, five-, and
  fifteen-minute periods.

  [...]

  An idle computer has a load number of 0. Each process using or waiting
  for CPU (the ready queue or run queue) increments the load number by
  1. Most UNIX systems count only processes in the running (on CPU) or runnable (waiting for CPU) states. However, Linux also includes
  processes in uninterruptible sleep states (usually waiting for disk
  activity), which can lead to markedly different results if many
  processes remain blocked in I/O due to a busy or stalled I/O
  system.[1] This, for example, includes processes blocking due to an
  NFS server failure or to slow media (e.g., USB 1.x storage devices).
  Such circumstances can result in an elevated load average, which does
  not reflect an actual increase in CPU use (but still gives an idea on
  how long users have to wait).

  [...]

  For single-CPU systems that are CPU bound, one can think of load
  average as a percentage of system utilization during the respective
  time period. For systems with multiple CPUs, one must divide the
  number by the number of processors in order to get a comparable
  percentage.

From man uptime

  System load averages is the average number of processes that are
  either in a runnable or uninterruptable state. A process in a runnable
  state is either using the CPU or waiting to use the CPU. A process in
  uninterruptable state is waiting for some I/O access, eg waiting for
  disk. The averages are taken over the three time intervals. Load
  averages are not normalized for the number of CPUs in a system, so a
  load average of 1 means a single CPU system is loaded all the time
  while on a 4 CPU system it means it was idle 75% of the time.

To answer the original question, it is the load average for the past 1 minute.


Ubuntu 16.04 detects 16GB SD cards but not 32GB cards on Lenovo Yoga Thinkpad

There is a known problem with Card Compatibility on the Yoga.

A lot of users are experiencing the same issues you are.  It's not related directly to Ubuntu, but the machine itself.

There is a post on the Lenovo forums where users have been contributing their experiences with different brands and models of SD cards.

You can find it here.

It contains a more comprehensive list of known working and non working cards.

It might pay to check your card against their list to see if it is affected.


Opening terminal takes longer while using Gnome Shell

I should have specified that I have an nVidia graphics card, but I didn't even think the graphics driver could slow down the whole system.

I read elsewhere that using the "Recommended" nVidia driver from the Additional Drivers application could speed up the Gnome Shell (or perhaps it would be better described as not slow down). I did, and the problem was fixed. I hope this is useful for somebody else.


After installing Ubuntu, I cannot use my mouse or keyboard on a Windows7 boot up

Okay bollocks. I just went into BIOS and forced it to do the USB compatibility patch. It works. So whoever is experiencing the same, try to find the option to ENABLE the USB compatibility patch.


How to move google-chrome notifications back to the up right corner in Ubuntu 15.10?

Your Google Chrome version is seriously old. The current stable Chrome has been updated to version 60. Think about updating Google Chrome or downloading the new .deb from https://chrome.google.com.


Found out the problem
In network Setting>Advance>Choose PCNET FAST III as adapter type
& it started working


Unable to mount CIFS share using AutoFS and Kerberos

I get same problem on my ubuntu 18.04,
For some unknown reason when systemd mount/automount try to mount the cifs destination, form:

get_cachename_from_process_env: pathname =
get_cachename_from_process_env: cachename =

get krb file with format

  FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_%U

while system is using

  FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_%U_XXXX (secure format)

If the template ends with 'XXXXXX' mkstemp(3) is used to create a unique filename in a safe way.
Default: FILE:%d/krb5cc_%U_XXXXXX

SSSD Manual pages

As workaround on my system i using sssd as security Orchestrator and i for the system tu use FILE:%d/krb5cc_%U format, Modding sssd.config adding krb5_ccname_template=FILE:%d/krb5cc_%U inside [domain/DOMAIN.EXT] section.


It seems to be a strange issue between changes in python-xlib and DBus, but I am unable to find the exact issue. As a temporary workaround, you can disable X server access control with a simple

xhost +

before running AutoKey. Not a secure or ideal solution, but it works. You can add this to your ./profile to make sure it runs before AutoKey starts.

Here are some related bugs that cause the same error, though it seems that they were already fixed a couple years ago:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/python-xlib/+bug/1432889
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=666721
https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=623507


I can't see the USB hard drive on Ubuntu 20.04?

In 20.04 you should see the USB drive's name with the eject button on the left sidebar above the "+ Other Locations" button. It does not show up inside the "+ Other Locations" section.


autofs fails with directories cross-mounted on server until root accesses them

Reverting to build 28 of the 4.4.0 kernel causes the issue to cease. Specifically, Linux 4.4.0-28-generic #47-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jun 24 10:08:35 UTC 2016 i686

I conclude there is a regression between build 28 and 31 which causes the automounter to malfunction, unless anybody can see something I did wrong in my configuration files (i.e. I'm calling it a bug, you might think it's a feature :) )


Have you tried "synclient"? It comes with package xserver-xorg-input-synaptics, which probably is installed automatically. There's not much of a man page, unfortunately, so you need to google its options. I use it to configure my touchpad, but as I haven't needed to change gesture timings, I don't have those options, other than a vague memory that there are such options as well.


How do I disable the touchpad in Ubuntu 17.10?

I am not sure why they key is not working for your laptop. But I can suggest a general alternative.

Put the following code in a file, such as touchpad_toggle.sh:

#!/bin/bash
STATUS=`gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad send-events`
if [ "$STATUS" = "'enabled'" ]
then
    gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad send-events 'disabled'
else
    gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad send-events 'enabled'
fi

Grant the file executable permission:

chmod +x touchpad_toggle.sh

Add a keyboard shortcut to the file from Settings → Devices → Keyboard.


How do I remove the Python 2.7 I installed and roll back to 2.6?

After a long search I found something that appears to have worked:

sudo ln -f /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/local/bin/python


What does this command mean ls -l test.conf -rw-r--r-- l root root?

That is not a command. It contains a command.

It's a prompt, followed by a command, followed by the output of the command. The command itself is:

ls -l test.conf

That command displays information about the file called test.conf located in the current directory. The ls command displays (or lists) information about files. The -l flag makes it display the information in long form, rather than just showing the filename.

(ls without a flag like -l is most often used to list multiple files or determine if a file exists, but may be used with a file known to exist; by default in Ubuntu, issuing ls filename will highlight filename in a way that shows what kind of file it is, for example, it will use a certain color if it is a directory, another if it is marked executable.)

The output is:

-rw-r--r-- l root root 791 Mar 20 09:23 test.conf

That means the file:

is not a directory (-rw-r--r-- doesn't start with d)
is non-setuid and non-setgid (no s in -rw-r--r--) and non-sticky (no t)
is readable and writeable by its owner (rw- for owner) but only readable by other users (r-- for group members, r-- again for others) — see the community documentation on permissions
is owned by the user root (with root as its group identity also)
is 791 bytes in size
reports that it was last modified (or created) on the 20th of March at 9:23 am
has the name test.conf

The beginning of the line is a prompt; this is what is displayed to the user in a shell to notify the user they may enter a command. Prompts are often configured to provide helpful information to the user. Here the prompt is:

root@ubuntu:/etc/openvpn#

This means the current user is root, the machine's hostname is ubuntu (which usually means this is a live CD/DVD/USB system, but someone could name their machine ubuntu in an installed system too), and the current directory is /etc/openvpn (which is where configuration data for OpenVPN are stored, see also the Ubuntu OpenVPN documentation).

The # character indicates that this is a superuser shell (which is to be expected as it is owned by root, the superuser); otherwise it would have been $ (but please note that this convention is not universally followed, and some shells default to % which does not indicate anything about the shell's capabilities).


Embedding a back and forward arrows, home button, and download manager in a quickly application

Your edit says you're using WebkitGtk, which has simple API calls for this.

Have a look at the reference manual, especially the webview.go_back() and webview.go_forward() methods.

A home button is pretty easy as well. You probably have stored the home url in a config file or constant/variable in your code, just load a new page with that value when the home button is pressed.


20.04 login loop after update - startx not working

xorg.conf was missing after update. Running Xorg -configure creates xorg.conf.new in the working directory. Copying it to the /etc/X11/ folder with cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf and restarting the x-server solves the problem.


netgear N300 USB mini adapter WNA3100M is unable to connect to wifi on ubuntu 15.04

So here we go. It is Realtek rtl8192cu. And it is supported (PID & VID)

You can install the working driver this way

git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtl8192cu.git
cd rtl8192cu
make
sudo make install

Note You will need to re-install after each kernel upgrade, unless it is installed with dkms.


unable to excecute mysql from command line

mysql is the client program. You need to install mysql server which you can connect to.

sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.5

During the installation you will be asked for the root password that will be assigned to the mysql root user.

Then you need to start the mysqld service

sudo service mysqld start

Or

sudo /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Or

sudo service mysql start

(All three lines do the same)

Finally you can connect

mysql -uroot -p


Black screen after 14.10 update, solutions don't work, need to recover encrypted files

It appears that you have an eCryptfs encrypted home directory. You should be able to access the encrypted home directory rather easily:

Get a Ubuntu live CD/USB, preferably of a recent version, and boot into it
Mount your root partition (either your /home partition if you have one, or the root partition otherwise)
Run ecryptfs-recover-private /media/ubuntu/ROOTFSUUID/home/USERNAME where USERNAME is your username, and /media/ubuntu/ROOTFSUUID is the path to your root partition mountpoint. Follow the prompts, and if mounting was successful, the mount point of your encrypted home directory should be printed into the terminal.
Navigate to the mount point and copy your files out.

If that fails, you might get it to work by chrooting your root partition on your live CD:

Mount your root partition: sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt/, where /dev/sdXY is your root partition device
Run for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /run /sys; do sudo mount -b $i /mnt$i; done
Mount the media you want to copy your files to to a directory in /mnt (e.g. /mnt/mnt) with sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt/mnt/, where /dev/sdXY is the media you wish to copy to, not the root partition
Run sudo chroot /mnt
Run ecryptfs-recover-private /home/USERNAME and follow the prompts
Copy out the files from the mount point outputted by the command in step 5


Upgrade Manager upgraded to 14.04.3 which is a Daily Build

14.04.3 is not a daily build.

At present an up to date Ubuntu 14.04 shows

DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=14.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=trusty
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS"

it has been released today.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/TrustyTahr/ReleaseSchedule

14.04.3 is a stable release, there is no need to downgrade anything.

And also 14.04.3 is actually not a completely separate release. It accumulates all updates from 14.04.2. So some packages, like lsb could come prior to the release date.


gnome unity plugin has been disabled from ccsm

Answered by OP in a comment:

  I found out that the problem is caused by unity,because it was not
  installed. Installed it by

sudo apt-get install unity


Moto X is not recognized on Ubuntu 14.04

Yes. Please read the 3rd point in the Setting up a device for development.

http://developer.android.com/tools/device.html#setting-up

That worked in my case.


how to re-install zlib1g_1.2.11 from root access

If you have the file available, then you can do this:

Copy the file locally, perhaps to /root
tar -xvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11
sudo -s
./configure; make; make install
cd /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
ln -s -f /usr/local/lib/libz.so.1.2.11/lib libz.so.1

Once that's done, you can remove the source files

cd /root
rm -Rf zlib-1.2.11

That should do it for you.


Saw an interesting command but can't alias it

Don't bother around with aliases for more complicated stuff, use a shell function instead:

 function cccc() {
    find {,/usr}/{,s}bin -printf '%f\0' | xargs -0 whatis | sort | less
 }

See man bash for the justification:

  The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat confusing. Bash always reads at least one complete
  line of input before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a command is read, not when it
  is executed. Therefore, an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take effect until the
  next line of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias.
  This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not
  when the function is executed, because a function definition is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases
  defined in a function are not available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias definitions on
  a separate line, and do not use alias in compound commands.


I finally managed to get it done, although it feels a bit clunky. In the following:

$MENDELEY_FOLDER is the Mendeley folder,
$CURRENT_GTK_THEME is the name of the GTK theme you are currently using
$MENDELEY_GTK_THEME is the name of the theme you'd like to use with Mendeley

NOTE: To get the name of the theme that you are currently using, type gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme in a terminal. A good theme to be using with Mendeley is Ambiance.

Create a new themes directory

We will essentially trick Mendeley into thinking that the root GTK themes folder is somewhere else.

mkdir $MENDELEY_FOLDER/share/themes/
ln -s  /usr/share/themes/$MENDELEY_GTK_THEME  $MENDELEY_FOLDER/share/themes/$CURRENT_GTK_THEME

Modify the script install-mendeley-link-handler.sh

It should be located in $MENDELEY_FOLDER/bin/install-mendeley-link-handler.sh.
You need to edit the lines that overwrite the file mendeleydesktop.desktop, in my case:

cat > $DESKTOP_PATH/mendeleydesktop.desktop <<EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Mendeley Desktop
GenericName=Research Paper Manager
Comment=Mendeley Desktop is software for managing and sharing research papers
Exec=env GTK_DATA_PREFIX=$MENDELEY_FOLDER $MENDELEYDESKTOP_BIN %u
Icon=mendeleydesktop
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Education;Literature;Qt;
X-SuSE-translate=false;
MimeType=x-scheme-handler/mendeley;application/pdf;text/x-bibtex;
X-Mendeley-Version=1
EOF

Notice the change in the Exec=... line.

Create a new mendeley executable

Wherever you keep your local binaries (eg $HOME/local/bin), create a new file mendeley with the following:

GTK_DATA_PREFIX=$MENDELEY_FOLDER \
    $MENDELEY_FOLDER/bin/mendeleydesktop

Then make it executable by running chmod +x mendeley, and run it in order to update the mendeleydesktop.desktop file.

If you installed Mendeley system-wide

The last step is only slightly different, in that the system-wide script (most likely located in /opt/mendeleydesktop) actually creates a link to the mendeleydesktop executable in $HOME/.local/share, and that is what the previous script needs to call instead.

Applying those changes to the Unity icon

The file to edit should be /usr/share/applications/mendeleydesktop.desktop.
In this file, you should modify the Exec line as previously, by prefixing the call with the definition of GTK_DATA_PREFIX. This should do the trick :)


Load full screen image on boot and then close it

OK, for now I have something that works, if someone comes up with a better solution (and explains why it is a better solution) I will accept that answer.

So I use eog (Eye of gnome), and to launch it use this command:

eog -f -w -g ~/Pictures/loader.png 1>/dev/null 2>&1&

So this loads the the image loader.png from the Pictures directory in the home directory into eye of gnome. It uses the options of -f (full screen), -w (single window mode) and -g (not a gallery) as it loads. Single window mode then allows you to launch it as many times as you want (to bring it back to the foreground) without opening it for a second time.

Then there is the "1>/dev/null 2>&1&" after it. This basically puts all errors to the one output and pipes that output to NULL so that no errors are fed back to the script making the call (as this causes issues with that script). The & at the end just makes it run its own thread so your not waiting for it to close before going on to the next part.

When you want to get rid of the image, you can just use the call:

pkill eog

NOTE: This will kill any instances of eog, so make sure you are not using eog anywhere else at the time (or any scripts etc that have eog in the name).

So to put this together in a sample .sh file, you could do:

#!/bin/bash
#set the image to use for the loader
loadImage=~/Pictures/loader.png

#load the loader image
eog -f -w -g $loadImage 1>/dev/null 2>&1&

#load any other apps required
~/scripts/andromouse/andromouse.sh 1>/dev/null 2>&1&
~/scripts/startMyth.sh 1>/dev/null 2>&1&

eog -f -w -g $loadImage 1>/dev/null 2>&1&

#launch kodi over the image and then get rid of the image
~/scripts/startKodi.sh
sleep 5
pkill eog

exit

This will put the image up, start whatever background programs etc you need, launch Kodi, wait 5 seconds and then close the image. The reason for waiting the 5 seconds is to make sure Kodi is on the screen before getting rid of the image. Kodi loads over the top anyhow (as long as you don't make the call to eog after the launch Kodi command).


First, install the proprietary graphics drivers.

Next check your fans and make sure there clear and running smooth. Linux uses a different profile for the fans, and it can cause problems if the fans are clogged or dirty (they turn up at a warmer temp).

Also your going to need the wireless proprietary drivers. Take a look here for full instructions (they should work for 12.04.

You might also consider upgrading to 12.10 it seems to have much better support for the MBP  9.2

Ubuntu 12.10
Ubuntu 12.04

12.04 has more "manual installs".

Also make sure your booting in BIOS mode. This can be pretty tricky if your not using refit. You might also try resetting your PRAM and NVRAM. It shouldn't make a difference, but sometimes it does.


Ubuntu 18.04 set custom icon for executable saved in ~/Desktop using command

The information is saved in a binary file:
~/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/home

You can not simply edit it, but use some gio-tools:

Check the attributes of one file:
gio info file

Change attributes:
gio set file attribute value

So in your case to change the custom icon:
gio set ~/Desktop/MyApp metadata::custom-icon file:///path/to/icon.png

To remove the attribute, use -t unset:
gio set -t unset ~/Desktop/MyApp metadata::custom-icon

In earlier Ubuntu Versions (e.g. 16.04) the commands are gvfs-info instead of gio info and gvfs-set-attribute instead of gio set), but work exactly the same.


Reset all programs to use same audio output

Uder defined settings for what application outputs on which sound device are stored in a hidden directory ~/.pulse in the user's HOME. To restore to default settings we simply remove this directory, e.g. by running the following in a terminal:

mv ~/.pulse ~/.pulse.old

After restarting the pulseaudio server (reboot, log-out or running pulseaudio -k) the per user settings will be resored to defaults.

In case you tinkered with system-wide settings these will still be as you had defined them, you should then be able to restore to defaults by reverting the steps you had taken, or restoring from your backup-files.


You can exclude certain directories while using the find command under Ubuntu.

You can use the find command as follows to find all directories except tmp directory:

find /path/to/dest -type d \( ! -name tmp \) -print

Find all directories except tmp and cache:

find /path/to/dest -type d \( ! -name tmp \) -o \( ! -name cache \) -print

The -prune option make sure that you do not descend into directory:

find /path/to/dest -type d \( ! -name tmp \) -o \( ! -name cache -prune \) -print

You can find all *.pl find except in tmp and root directory, enter:

find /  \( ! -name tmp \) -o \( ! -name root -prune \)  -name "*.pl" -print

Taken from:

http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-osx-bsd-find-command-exclude-directories/


debconf window appears when I install a new software!

I was experiencing the same problem.  My application install hung for about 15 minutes with the Debconf window open.  Eventually I searched the web for a solution.  Just after seeing this question posted the Debconf window closed and the installation proceeded to finish.  I'm not sure why it took so long, but it seemed to be doing something.  I'd recommend waiting to see what happens as long as the system responds to mouse moves.  If the system hangs the mouse will not move.


KDE Plasma: Maximized window on second monitor leaves large gap

I had the same issue and was able to fix it by changing and re-changing the display alignments in the display settings.

So, it was lined up, I moved it around, pressed apply, then moved it back to original position, pressed apply. It's the same settings I started with, but it got rid of that gap.

I should note that this was on a different version than yours (5.16.9, Fedora 31).


How do i build a program with QTCreator, .pro file?

At first we need to install development packages:

sudo apt-get install git build-essential qt4-dev-tools libopenal-dev \
qt4-default libhidapi-dev

Then clone git repository and compile the source code:

git clone https://github.com/CalcProgrammer1/KeyboardVisualizer
cd KeyboardVisualizer
qmake-qt4
make

But after running the last command I get error messages on clean Ubuntu 16.04 LTS amd64.
I reported bug 226 to official GitHub issue tracker.


I do only know about iotop to monitor read/write to HDD.

sudo apt-get -y install iotop && sudo iotop


This article will help you to change the guest account's settings: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CustomizeGuestSession

As you know, at every login you get a completely fresh guest session which will be fully deleted after logout too. But interesting is what happens at the login: To create a new temporary guest session (home directory is in /tmp/guest-XXXXX), Ubuntu takes the contents from /etc/skel/ (default stuff for all users) and /etc/guest-session/skel/ (default guest) and creates the temporary account of it. So to change the guest settings, you will have to change the contents of /etc/guest-session/skel. This is usually done by either replacing this directory with a symbolic link to another user's home path (a hidden user only for tweaking the guest account preferably) or by logging into a guest session and copying its active home directory contents with root permissions to the /etc/guest-session/skel/ folder (from a superuser account logged in parallel).

Any more problems, or did you understand everything? I suppose you to read the article to understand better what you do. It is described in more detail there.
Greetings and good luck!


How come all my window buttons are right aligned, but chrome buttons are on the left?

Chrome draws its own buttons rather than letting the OS do it.  There is a setting that allows it to use native window titlebars, but this isn't the most elegant solution to the problem because you lose the benefit (when windowed) of Chrome not having extra space for the titlebar.
Chrome guesses which side to put the buttons on based on various Gnome-related settings, but this doesn't always work properly with Ubuntu's Unity interface.
This article tells how to move them to the desired side.  Note that if you sometimes use Gnome-shell rather than Unity, this has the potential to affect how all title bars appear in your Gnome-shell sessions.
To quote:

To move window buttons of Google Chrome to the right under Ubuntu 12.10 or older, open the terminal and issue this command:
gconftool-2 --set /apps/metacity/general/button_layout --type string ":minimize,maximize,close"


What is the /boot/efi partition and how does it affect installing a different distro

The /boot/efi system partition is simply the boot partition created when the computers mother board runs UEFI rather than BIOS as is explained here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFI_system_partition.

I do not think that the partition would be effected by installing another distro; as the installer would need to detect the motherboard firmware during the install. In order to configure the boot process if the firmware was incompatible the software should tell you and then abort the install.

I would however back up the computer first and have an Ubuntu live CD ready just in case something goes wrong. If the distro uses GRUB 2 as its boot loader (which Ubuntu does then you should not have any problems as it supports UEFI.


Is 64 bit Ubuntu stable for general use?

I heard that most of the programms, does not work out of the box ?

No this is silly. Everything works for me — and has for many years — on more than one computer.

The two things that have been an issue in the past are Java (works completely fine now) and Flash (now has a native plugin and while that doesn't get as much love from Adobe as its 32bit version, still does the job just fine).

  Will I notice a significant speed-boost ?

Significant? Probably not significant but notable. You'd get a much better speed improvement by say switching to an SSD or doing a general upgrade.

I'd still say if you've got less than 3GB of RAM (and you won't upgrade to 4 or more), stick with 32bit. 64bit does use more RAM so if you're already squeezed, that won't help.

If you do have 4 or more, this should be a no-brainer. 64bit works. There probably are some very insignificant issues but I don't think I've found anything that has actually stopped me.


Where do I put my website php files in my virtual ubuntu server?

By default, after installing apache2 the website root is located under:

/var/www/

or

/var/www/html/

(depending on the Ubuntu version you installed).

So, in order to test your php, you'll need to move them to that location and set the correct ownership. Again, with apache, the file owner should be the system user www-data. Asuming your file is called yourfile.php you'll use these commands:

sudo cp yourfile.php /var/www/html/
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/yourfile.php

Then, just open your browser and direct it to http://localhost/yourfile.php to see if it's working properly.


Short version:

Permissions can include: read(r), write(w), execute(x)
Therefore, permissions are expressed in a row of three characters, for example rwx (to give all permissions)
When a permission is denied, a "-" is placed, for example: r-- to give only read permission.
because there are three types of users, we will need 3 x 3 characters:

owner | owner group | others

for example rwx rwx rwx gives all types of users all permissions.
these permissions can be expressed in octal numbering, where:

read    =  4
write   =  2
execute =  1

so:
r-- = 4
rw- = 6
rwx = 7

example:

rw- r-- r--

gives everyone read permission, only user can write. In octal:

644

(4+2+0 | 4+0+0 | 4+0+0 )

Your example:

-rwxrwxrwx

is probably the output of ls -l, where the preceding - means it is a file. In your second example:

drwxr-xr-x

the item is a directory (d)

About the s flag

from Wikipedia:
setuid and setgid (short for "set user ID upon execution" and "set group ID upon execution", respectively)1 are Unix access rights flags that allow users to run an executable with the permissions of the executable's owner or group respectively and to change behaviour in directories. They are often used to allow users on a computer system to run programs with temporarily elevated privileges in order to perform a specific task.

An example is passwd (-rwsr-xr-x) which can change write-protected files on behalf of a user.

A pretty good description is to be found here on Wikipedia.

The t flag (sticky bit)

(Again) from Wikipedia:
When a directory's sticky bit is set, the filesystem treats the files in such directories in a special way so only the file's owner, the directory's owner, or root user can rename or delete the file. Without the sticky bit set, any user with write and execute permissions for the directory can rename or delete contained files, regardless of the file's owner.

On Linux systems, the t flag is ignored when used on files.

See also here on Wikipedia.


"Part-Way" Freezing When Downloading large files

This is possibly a problem with your browser. Try using something else, or use 'wget'. Also, look through the kmesg logs for possible issues related to the kernel.


How do I open Youtube content in an app instead of my browser, while clicking on a link?

Another possibility is: ext-youtube Firefox addon:

  Play Youtube videos in external application.
  You can use Minitube, SMPlayer or any other application that can play
  Youtube videos given the link.


running sudo apt update error gives Err:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu cosmic Release 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.31 80]

Ubuntu 18.10 (CosmicCuttlefish) was supported for 9 months until July 2019. If you need Long Term Support, it is recommended you use Ubuntu 18.04 LTS instead.

See `https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CosmicCuttlefish/ReleaseNotes' for more details.


ubuntu in virtual box becomes slow and laggy after maximizing or viewing any app full screen

I had the same issue. Apparently the problem is caused by the 3d acceleration. Disable it should fix the problem.


Can't read text in web forms since firefox uses dark theme by default

This is a known issue. You can find bug reports here:

Bug 70315 - text in menus and boxes unreadable if using dark GTK theme

Bug 519763 - dark linux gtk theme makes pages look bad; "use system colors" should apply to input elements as well as fonts, or separate option needed

The suggested work around is to create a userContent.css file in your firefox profile as per these instructions from the Arch Wiki.


Ubuntu Phone Desktop mode without a dock

Since the first phone to come with convergence releases in october, it might come with Ubuntu Touch 15:10. So there's no desktope mode yet.

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/06/first-ubuntu-phone-with-convergence-is-being-made-by-bq


Cancelled ubuntu server 14.04.1 LTS and now server won't boot

During reboot, press Del to get into system settings, then F8 to select which device to boot from. There, select your installation medium. Select UEFI version if you see both.
And yes, you have to install from beginning.


You are preventing the expansion on the local shell, but you need to preserve everything as far as the command to run, sed in this case, on both shells.

Quote the sed command to run:

ssh root@ip "sed -i '/address/c\address xx.xx.xx.xx' /myfile"

In essence, any quoting method over the current would do too, but using double quotes like above would be simpler and cleaner.


You should always backup your encryption passphrase and create a separate backup on an external hd ...

Anyway, I think you didn't delete the key itself.
You deleted the encfs libraries.

find /usr/lib/ | grep encfs
/usr/lib/libencfs.so.6
/usr/lib/libencfs.so.6.0.2
/usr/lib/libencfs.so

Your encryption key sould be at:

/home/$USER/.ecryptfs

or

/home/.ecryptfs/$USER/.ecryptfs

You need to boot from a live system, mount the home partition with your encrypted home.

For recovery use:

sudo ecryptfs-recover-private

It should find the encrypted home, you only need the login password.  Make an external backup after recovery and reinstall your system.


How to solve this (missing: CUDA_INCLUDE_DIRS CUDA_CUDART_LIBRARY) issue?

I had the same issue. A combination of the following things helped:

installed CUDA 9.1 with deb package and ran

sudo apt-get remove nvidia-cuda-toolkit

which I had installed previously and which gave me CUDA 7.5
ran

sudo apt-get autoremove

before trying again to run ./install.sh I ran "sudo ./clean.sh" in the torch directory

(I am using Linux Mint 18)


How to install Perl, PHP, MySQL and Ruby packages on Ubuntu

To install PHP and MySQL on Ubuntu 12.04, follow my steps from this link:

PHP MYSQL

Or use the following. Both are the same, and the above link was mine, and it will describe you everything.

Install Apache

# sudo apt-get update
# sudo apt-get install apache2

Install MySQL

# sudo apt-get install mysql-server libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php5-mysql

Once you have installed MySQL, we should activate it with this command:

# sudo mysql_install_db

Finish up by running the MySQL set up script:

# sudo /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

Install PHP

# sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mcrypt

# sudo service apache2 restart

To Install Perl

# sudo apt-get install perl

To find a Perl module that's provided as an Ubuntu package:

# apt-cache search perl <module-name>

Replace the module-name with which you wish to get install.

To install Ruby:

Ruby packages for Ubuntu

#sudo apt-get install python-software-properties

#sudo apt-add-repository ppa:brightbox/ruby-ng

Press the Enter key.

#sudo apt-get update

To install Ruby 1.9.3:

#sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.3


Realtek RTL8191SE crashes with intense networking

This is a confirmed bug. It affects me also. See here...

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1000208

11.10 is fine. 12.04.1 has this issue when under load the wifi will disconnect and pc needs a reboot. Windows 7 is ok. Load via a speedtest or torrent for example.


How to install brackets.io from the command line?

Reference:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/brackets
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install brackets


Apt's auto-removal logic assumes that you want newer kernels, and won't mark newer kernels as eligible for auto-removal

You are booted into the oldest kernel. Apt's auto-removal logic won't remove anything newer.

Your uptime must be impressive!

Uninstall the kernels you are not using this will clean up your /boot:

sudo dpkg --remove linux-image-4.4.0-{75,78,79,81,83,87,89,91,92}-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-{75,78,79,81,83,87,89,91,92}-generic

Now you must make a choice: Do you wish to resume upgrading your kernel regularly? Or do you wish stay on your current kernel for the life of your release? (It's not a permanent choice, you can always change.)

If you desire to get off the kernel-upgrade train entirely, use apt-hold to prevent newer kernels from being downloaded and installed. Then you can stop here and ignore the rest of this answer. This is not
 the recommended option for new or unskilled users. [thanks to @panther]

If you desire to continue upgrading kernels, then continue with the following steps. This is the recommended option for new or unskilled users.

Update the kernel metapackages so they pull in the correct
newest kernel

sudo apt clean linux-image-generic linux-image-extra-generic
sudo apt install --reinstall linux-image-generic linux-image-extra-generic

Upgrade your system, which will pull in the latest kernel
(-98) as well as test your package manager for proper function

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Reboot into the new kernel. Rebooting monthly or even
quarterly will prevent the problem from occurring again...or if you
are a script guru, you can modify apt's auto-removal logic (it's
just a script) to remove intermediate newer kernels.

Alternately, if you dislike rebooting, try Ksplice. Ksplice is an update service that automatically applies patches to the Linux kernel without requiring a reboot of the computer. [thanks to @panther]


Can't get wireless to work on an Acer Aspire 4310.. older answers didn't work

Your Broadcom 4311 needs firmware and to have the STA driver removed. Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection, open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Detach the ethernet, reboot and tell us if it is working.


How to get the longest word and the most frequent word starting with a specific letter?

To get the longest word, we can use awk's length function. Then sort, then head and cut to get the right line and field.

awk '$2~/^a/ {print length($2), $2}' file | sort -k1 | head -1 | cut -d" " -f1

To get the most frequent A-word, a sort and awk:

sort -k1 file | awk '$2~/^a/ {print $2; exit}'

In real life I'd probably avoid piping things around so much. I'd probably do each in a single awk. Hard to say whether they'd actually perform faster though. awk is flexible but not that fast.

awk 'BEGIN{lc=0;lw=""} $2~/^a/ {l=length($2); if (l>lc){lc=l;lw=$2}} END{print lw}' file
awk 'BEGIN{fc=0;fw=""} $2~/^a/ {if ($1>fc){fc=$1;fw=$2}} END{print fw}' file


First of all, have you tried what it suggests - running apt-get update (which isn't the same as apt-get upgrade)?

After that, take a look at what it's complaining about. It says there are duplicate sources.list entries (looks like you tried to install both the 64bit and 32bit version of Chrome?). Open up the Ubuntu Software Center, then go to Edit -> Software Sources. Then click on the "Other Software" tab and look for the source entries listed in your error (alternatively, you can open up /etc/apt/sources.list, then find the entries there).

Make sure you only have one of the Chrome source entries enabled, and that it matches your architecture (ie - if you installed 64-bit, then you'll want to keep the "amd64" package). You can find out what version you have by going to System Settings -> Details and look for the "OS Type" item in the "Overview" section.

Once you've disabled the unnecessary Chrome source entries, run apt-get update again, you should then be able to run apt-get upgrade without issue.


Complex wifi bug's been confusing me for days

In terminal enter echo "blacklist acer-wmi | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
Reboot


Why can Ubuntu see one of my Windows drives, but not the other?

Best to use small drives as Ubuntu live installer. Most tools totally erase drive and then only use about 2.5GB depending on flavor or version.
It looks like an Ubuntu live installer  and rest of drive is not used. Better to use a smaller drive for the live installer. Have you checked if Windows fast start up is off? Note that Windows udpates turn it back on.
If Windows fast start up is an issue. See these for details on turning it off. Note that Windows updates turn fast start up back on, so if issues in future double check setting.
Unable to mount Windows 10 partition; it "is in an unsafe state"
Unable to mount Windows (NTFS) filesystem due to hibernation
There are some more advanced ways to boot installer ISO directly from grub using its loopmount. I typically like to have a small install on every drive and then can just add ISOs Ubuntu & other repair ISO and directly boot with grub.  then larger flash drive or other external drive is not dedicated to just an install ISO of 2+GB.
ISO boot & link to examples
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot
more examples
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot/Examples
https://gist.github.com/Pysis868/27203177bdef15fbb70c
BIOS/UEFI Template Image for Booting ISO Files


Missing Librarries and unsure as to which ones?

You may need C++ libraries which comes along with g++ (GNU c++ compiler, which you require as well I guess).

Install using sudo apt-get install g++

But It would be best to install all basic development tools using

sudo apt-get install build-essential

I am not sure that you are missing libraries. You should not get segfault on missing libraries. Compiler will not compile it then. What is that inf? ifstream doesn't have any reference to it. Check the program once. I am not an expert in c++. So can't really help you here.


It's a standard SATA drive.  There should be no reason you can't.  Hard drives don't come encrypted out of the box.


What is the difference between using '+' (plus) and ';' (semicolon) in -exec command?

-exec ... \; will run one item after another. So if you have three files, the exec line will run three times.

-exec ... {} + is for commands that can take more than one file at a time (eg cat, stat, ls). The files found by find are chained together like an xargs command. This means less forking out and for small operations, can mean a substantial speedup.

Here's a performance demo catting 10,000 empty files.

$ mkdir testdir
$ touch testdir/{0000..9999}

$ time find testdir/ -type f -exec cat {} \;
real    0m8.622s
user    0m0.452s
sys     0m8.288s

$ time find testdir/ -type f -exec cat {} +
real    0m0.052s
user    0m0.015s
sys     0m0.037s

Again this only works on commands that can take multiple filenames. You can work out if your command is like that by looking at its manpage. Here's the synopsis from man cat:

SYNOPSIS
       cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...

The ellipsis on [FILE]... means it can take more than one file.

+ can only be used on single commands and you must have exactly one {} in the line. \; can operate with multiple zero-to-many groups.


Cannot rename .theme file in Drupal 8 installation

I had the same problem. As a workaround I created new-subtheme-name.theme, copied code from THEMENAME.theme over to the new file and deleted THEMENAME.theme.


How to update binutils to pick up security patches on Ubuntu Xenial

In this case, "needed" does NOT mean "We have uploaded a patched package and you need to upgrade now".

Instead, it means "This patch has yet to be applied by the Ubuntu Security Team, but it's on our to-do list."

You can double-check that using the plain old apt-cache madison <packagename> command. Madison will return the current package available from your release's Ubuntu repositories.

For example, here's what is available at the moment I wrote this in Xenial (16.04):

binutils | 2.26-8ubuntu2             | xenial
binutils | 2.26.1-1ubuntu1~16.04.8   | xenial-security
binutils | 2.26.1-1ubuntu1~16.04.8   | xenial-updates

You can see that your version 2.26.1-1ubuntu1~16.04.8 is the newest available.

Most folks don't need to install security upgrades by checking apt-cache and running apt commands. You certainly can if you wish, it's supported. But most folks in general usage should be using the Unattended Upgrades application that is part of the default install of all Ubuntu Desktop flavors and Ubuntu Server. It will check for new upgrades in the -security pocket daily, and install them without any fuss in the background.

If you need to know when a particular package was last upgraded, both apt and Unattended Upgrades log all activity in /var/log in an easy-to-grep format.

One note about this particular CVE - you will note that the Ubuntu Security Team has marked the priority 'low.' If your audits keep throwing that red flag, make sure your audit reviewer knows that you are tracking it, but it's a low priority. If you know something about this particular vuln that the Ubuntu Security Team has missed, and feel that it deserves a higher priority, then contact the Security Team and discuss the issue.

The Security Team welcomes volunteer testing and assistance. If volunteering to help package and test a low-priority fix happens to also clean up your audits, all the better. If you are curious about how the Security Team works, what it does, and how it prioritizes work, you might find their podcast illuminating.


I use Ubuntu 12.04 with all my two PC. I haven't  errors. With Ubuntu  14.04 I had nvidia driver  issues on my Desktop pc, so I downgraded at 12.04. It is supported  until 2017,too.


After opening your torrent program, open its preferences and check if the port it listens on is open. From transmission:

From Deluge:

Do a "test port" and it should show "open". If it shows "closed" your router is not set properly. My router has DD-WRT but all routers probably will show something similar tyo this somewhere:


If you want to find the size of all the partitions and save it to a file: you have to run this command:

df -h | grep /dev > name.txt

It will find the size of all the partitions including swap and save it to your file name.txt. where udev is nothing but the swap

or simply:

df -h > name.txt

If you want to get the size of all devices available to your computer and want to save in file then you can execute this command:

lsblk | awk '{print $1 "       \t    " $4}' > name.txt

It will save only the partition and the size


There is no tab compilation in FTP command but you can use rich command lftp which support tab competition .


I don't want to manually turn on my wireless everytime computer starts up

I still don't know what caused this issue, but it has vanished after upgrading to 12.04.


What does this "Canonical does not provide updates..." mean in my package manager?

It means that if there is a security problem or minor bug fixed in the application, then Canonical makes no guarantee they will update it to protect your system, etc.

If there is a major problem the Ubuntu community will usually issue an update though.

No, I wouldn't worry at all about monitoring new releases.


Easiest authentication for LAN networks?

Due to the basic design of Ethernet you can not protect clients in the same broadcast domain from spoofing each other. Even though the switch that they are connected to will learn MAC address to port mappings and try to only send traffic to the correct port, there are tricks that can be pulled to spoof another station's MAC address and get their traffic. Look up tools like Ettercap.

Therefore, you need to build your security model around segregating things that absolutely must not spoof each other into different VLANs. So for example you might put everything that only has admin access in one or more VLANs and put everything that has untrusted users into one or more other VLANs.

Inside each VLAN, traffic that absolutely must not be impersonated/sniffed by other stations in the same VLAN must use encryption at the transport layer.


not what I expected from shred - help to interpret output

If you want to get rid of Windows, it would be far easier to just delete the Windows partition. This can be done with the GParted software program which is available from the software center. To delete the partition:

Open GParted and type in your password when prompted to grant it administrative privileges,
Locate your Windows partition and right click it to make sure it is not mounted ("Unmount" selection should be greyed out, click it if it isn't),
Select the Windows partition and click the Remove button, which is denoted with a red X,
As long as you are sure you don't want to risk keeping any important Windows files, click "Apply" and proceed.

To explain the problem you are having with shred: The -u option Deletes the files, but does not remove them. It is possible for the data of a file to be deleted, but the file's record will still remain in the filesystem.

What you are seeing with the ls command is basically the file system's record of the file, rather than file data. The reason shred was written that way is because the command is often used on a device file for a hard disk or something, such as dev/sda, and you don't want to delete those. To remove files after shredding them, use the --remove option.


WACOM INTUOS CTH-680 doesn't work out of the box on Ubuntu 14.4

There is a new version of input-wacom available; at this time the most recent one here is 0.27. You can try to see if compiling and installing it as explained in https://askubuntu.com/a/390795/16395 helps.

Given the release notes, you can now omit the cumbersome "cp" to install the thing and you must use make after the configure stage; I quote (I did not test it, my 480 works ok out-of-the-box):

  This release also slightly changes the build process. Whereas before
  it was possible to configure and build the driver with a single
  command, you must now run ./configure and make as seperate steps.
  Along with this, it is now possible to run make install to have the
  driver automatically installed to your kernel modules directory (no
  more manual copying!)

So the compilation step should be:

./configure
make
sudo make install

There is a list of supported device IDs here: http://linuxwacom.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Device_IDs (you can get your own with lsusb after plugging it in). If it's not supported, the next step is asking the devolopers via the mailing lists.

In principle, you should also update the xf86 driver and the libwacom library; I never did that because just the kernel driver solved the problem for me.


I've been using Calibre for converting formats to my Kindle. I've not actually tested with a CHM so please leave a comment with your results.
calibre


primusrun/optirun slower than the default launching

This is normal.

Running primusrun "command" will always get your nVidia card to render the program, not the other way around.
The issue here is simply that glxgears is not a benchmark.

You should benchmark with something else. Try supertuxcart or xonotic. Or even better, try an actual game you wish to play.

You pretty much have nothing to fix, at least as far as using the nVidia card is concerned. =-)


dual boot w7 with 12.04 with gpt table and uefi

The "install alongside" option is unavailable on many EFI systems. This is probably a bug. The solution is to use the "Something Else" option. (Note that the linked-to question and answer are rather BIOS-centric, but most of it still applies to EFI-based systems.)


Record a program's output with PulseAudio

Try something like this:

In a terminal enter

pacmd

(this is the CLI of the PulseAudio-Server)
then use

list-sink-inputs

(where you get the indices of the running inputs)
Now find the index of your input. Now referred to as $INDEX

the scriptable part is:

pactl load-module module-null-sink sink_name=steam
pactl move-sink-input $INDEX steam
parec -d steam.monitor | oggenc -b 192 -o steam.ogg --raw -

Explanations:

The first command will add a null-sink as you already knew.
The second command moves the sink-input from your standard-audio-sink to steam
The third command records the monitor of the device steam (-d) and puts the output (raw-wave-stream) into oggenc, which encodes this wave-stream to an oga-file. (for mp3 use lame)


What is the difference between "grub" and "grub2" in Ubuntu 18.04?

They are the same:

$ which update-grub
/usr/sbin/update-grub

$ which update-grub2
/usr/sbin/update-grub2

$ ls -la /usr/sbin/update-grub*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  64 veebr  6 19:20 /usr/sbin/update-grub
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  11 veebr  6 19:37 /usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 301 märts 27  2015 /usr/sbin/update-grub-gfxpayload

grub is as legacy name (compatibility sake), grub2 is already about 10 years main bootloader in Ubuntu


How do I hide hidden files in gnome-do? Is the plug-in broken?

I presume you're talking about the Files and Folders plugin?  By default that plugin does not index hidden files or directories - see this screenshot:

Maybe you have accidentally enabled that checkbox?


The z flag of GNU tar (which is the version of tar shipped with Ubuntu) is used to speciy that the archive being processed is compressed using gzip, which is usually indicated by the .tar.gz (or, more rarely, .tgz) extension. In GNU tar, it is an error to use the z flag if the archive is not compressed with gzip, as you experience now.

Archives using the .tar.xz extension are compressed with xz, and the corresponding flag in GNU tar is J. Hence, replacing z with J in your command should solve your problem. In addition, you may get a "command not found" error if the xz tools are not installed on your system, which can be remedied by installing the xz-utils package.

Alternatively, you can simply omit the filetype-related flag altogether, and simply use -xvf; in that case tar will attempt to autodetect the compression format by analyzing the file. (You can probably also dispense with the v flag; it just prints a list of the extracted files, which is not usually useful.)


Problem with starting GUI mode in Ubuntu Server

The difference between server and desktop is only the GUI. Since it sounds like this is your first go I highly recommend downloading a desktop version and reinstalling you will save yourself a lot of hassle.


AWK print header row and change field value

Try:

$ awk -F',' 'NR>1 && $2 == "Portland" {$2 = "Bend"} {print}' OFS="," file
Name,City,State
Bob,Bend,Oregon
Sue,Bend,Oregon
David,Bend,Oregon

or, using the usual awk shorthand:

awk -F',' 'NR>1 && $2 == "Portland" {$2 = "Bend"} 1' OFS="," file

Notes:

When you have two conditions, like NR>1 and $2 == "Portland" and your want both to apply, they need to be combined with logical-and: &&.
You want all lines printed and awk does not print by default.  So, we moved the print command to a separate group so it applied to all lines.

Alternative: using sed

Using sed, we can get the same result:

$ sed 's/,Portland,/,Bend,/' file
Name,City,State
Bob,Bend,Oregon
Sue,Bend,Oregon
David,Bend,Oregon