Disconnected from wireless network - Ubuntu 12.04, Sony VF

I believe the package you need is on the install USB. Please insert the USB and when the file manager opens with the contents of the USB, select pool > restricted > b > bcmwl > bcmwl-kernel-source > bcmwl-kernel-source-xxx.deb. Right-click it and select 'Open with Ubuntu Software Center.' After it installs, your wireless should be working. It may take a reboot.

If it complains about the dkms package, it is also on the USB at pool > main > d > dkms > dkms-xxx.deb. You might try installing it first and then bcmwl-kernel-source. You should be trying to install the deb files within, not the entire directory.

If you cannot install either from the USB, drag and drop the deb files to your desktop and do:

cd ~/Desktop
sudo dpkg -i *.deb


The problem is one of 3 things.  It's either a hardware/device issue, a networking stack issue, or a DNS issue.
The hardest to identify is a device issue, so lets consider that last.

The easiest to diagnose is a networking issue.  During an outage: Try running ifconfig in a console.  It should show a configured device with an IP address.  At the very least you should be able to ping that, thus you can generate packets.
Run route to see what your default Gateway is, and try pinging that.  If there is no default gateway, or you can't ping the default gateway, that's your problem there.  If you can, then try pinging 109.193.193.109 and if that fails (ICMP echo could be blocked on your network, like it is on mine), try visiting http://109.193.193.109 in a browser.  If that works, it's most likely a DNS issue.

DNS Issues:  Try or ping www.google.co.uk (if dnsutils isn't installed).  It should present an IP address.  In my case it's 216.58.219.99.  If it doesn't, you'll need nslookup/dig (from the dnsutils package) to diagnose.  nslookup will tell you the Server Address, and hence tell you which DNS server is supposedly serving your requests.  If it's not working, you may have a badly configured system, or a broken DNS server.  I would suggest you try installing a local DNS server (install package bind9 and setup 127.0.0.1 as your DNS server), or try re-configuring NetworkManager.  I've found it nothing but trouble.

As for device issues. If the appropriate device appears in ifconfig , then it's probably not going to be a device problem that you can fix, but judging from what you said above, I doubt it's a device problem, unless it's as silly as a bad cable/connector in your computer/router, but I have had issues with the Raspberry Pi, which turned out to be sufficient power on the board to run the device and detect it, but not enough to interrogate (running ifconfig resulted in a device failure).


How can I tell update manager not to update a package?

Answering to the question - here is the command for your shell:

echo "libqt4-opengl hold" | dpkg --set-selections

and to revert it back to update-able:

echo "libqt4-opengl install" | dpkg --set-selections

Replace libqt4-opengl with your package's name if I've guessed it incorrectly.


How to test if my laptop components is already working?

Using Ubuntu < 14.04 Download and install Cheese using the following steps:

Open a terminal window.
Type in the following command:

sudo apt-get install cheese

If you use Ubuntu 14.04 cheese is installed by default(thanks for @kos note )

Run Cheese. Cheese should automatically detect your webcam and
display live video stream.

source and more information would be found on  this community wiki

to install nvidia run:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

more info would be founded here


Livestreaming with twitch on Ubuntu 13.04?

See this answer on the same topic to start you off.

There are a few third party UI based tools that I tried, but most are bloated or don't work properly. Your best bet is likely to use ffmpeg or avconv and customize the parameters to fit your requirement. Look into these two options to tweak the quality (keep in mind your quality will depend on the quality of your source):

-crf (18-28 is visually "lossless")
-qscale:v (0-10, 10 being best. Relevant doc)

See the ffmpeg man page for more details.


From what your application is telling you (and from your hardware), it is probably that Totem/gstreamer runs out of memory when the system resumes from sleep (that is, it hits a point where it uses too much memory and is closed). I have experienced this problem with another netbook myself, and the reason behind it is simply that certain applications require large amounts of memory, but cannot get enough from the netbook's mediocre hardware without interfering with the stability of the system, and thus the applications are closed.

You would be surprised to know that games work just fine (you know this already as you have said), because of how they use the hardware. Instead of keeping a hold of large amounts of memory at a time, games often unload what they don't need to display at the time, and it is just that they do it "fast enough" that you don't notice lag.

Video players however (especially those without hardware acceleration) will run into problems as they not only dig through CPU cycles, but memory, which is required for seeking etc. Totem usually does a good job with video, but because of the way it uses memory, (gstreamer's fault) it doesn't do too well in situations where the memory is limited.

You can use the option to remember the video position in Totem, or try using VLC and enabling hardware acceleration :). Either way, it is not a good practice to suspend with a video player loaded, as it will take a lot of power to keep all of that memory fresh while you are on battery power and moving a system. Heavy consistent loads like that can actually shorten battery life (I killed a battery like that :).

/rant off, and I hope that answers your questions :).


How to create a directory for everybody?

Permissions are set to:

    drwxrw-rw- 3 userx users 4096 Oct 26 12:20 usrmusic

Where:

d means directory
rwx means that the owner (userx) has full access to the directory
first rw- means that any other member of the group (users) can read from or write to the directory but cannot make it current directory using the cd command
second rw- means that any other user can read from or write to the directory but cannot make it current directory using the cd command

To make the directory accessible ("executable") for others, you can try

    sudo chmod g+x usrmusic

for users group members, or

    sudo chmod go+x usrmusic

for anyone.


Try

iptables -A PREROUTING -d xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j DNAT --to-destination yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx - represent ip of your mail server
yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy - represent destination ip

Edit

Maybe is better to do post routing.

iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -i ethX -s xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -p tcp -m tcp  -j DNAT --to-destination yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy

ethX - is output interface
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx - ip address of mail server
yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy - ip address of filter_server

When mail server want to send mail to another mail server we will cacht them on output and send to server first to filter them.


Minimum to install for a visual web browser in Ubuntu Server

The lightest (and least-functional) browser I can find is links2 .

You can run it in graphics mode with the -g flag, like this:

 links2 -g http://localhost:9090

One of the lighter browsers with modern features I've used is arora .

Here are the listed dependencies from sudo apt-cache show arora :

Depends: libc6 (>= 2.2.5), libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libqt4-dbus (>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-network (>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-script (>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-sql (>= 4:4.5.3), libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.7.0~beta1), libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.6.1), libqtwebkit4 (>= 2.0~week26), libstdc++6 (>= 4.1.1)

It should work for what I expect would be normal browser-based control panel stuff.

Here's what actually would be installed (taken from my 10.04 server) :

sudo apt-get install --simulate arora

[...]

The following NEW packages will be installed:
  arora libaudio2 libmng1 libphonon4 libqt4-dbus libqt4-designer
  libqt4-network libqt4-script libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-webkit
  libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtcore4 libqtgui4
0 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Inst libaudio2 (1.9.2-3 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid)
Inst libmng1 (1.0.9-1ubuntu1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid)
Inst libqtcore4 (4:4.6.2-0ubuntu5.1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates)
Inst libqt4-xml (4:4.6.2-0ubuntu5.1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates)
Inst libqt4-dbus (4:4.6.2-0ubuntu5.1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates)
Inst libqt4-script (4:4.6.2-0ubuntu5.1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates)
Inst libqtgui4 (4:4.6.2-0ubuntu5.1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates)
Inst libqt4-designer (4:4.6.2-0ubuntu5.1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates)
Inst libphonon4 (4:4.6.2-0ubuntu5.1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates)
Inst libqt4-network (4:4.6.2-0ubuntu5.1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates)
Inst libqt4-sql (4:4.6.2-0ubuntu5.1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates)
Inst libqt4-sql-mysql (4:4.6.2-0ubuntu5.1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates)
Inst libqt4-xmlpatterns (4:4.6.2-0ubuntu5.1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates)
Inst libqt4-webkit (4:4.6.2-0ubuntu5.1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid-updates)
Inst arora (0.10.2-0ubuntu1 Ubuntu:10.04/lucid)

Other options

Although I have tried very few of these, a nice list (with brief descriptions) of light browsers is here: http://www.helgefjell.de/browser.php
The front page of the site also has this very nice admonition, in line with the idea of light web browsers:

  Note: You have activated ECMA-Script
  (JavaScript). This web site does not
  use active contents and encourages you
  to deactivate ECMA-Script. Good web
  design does not require any active
  content [...]

Some of the ones I tried weren't happy with a 64-bit environment.

dillo used to be the way to go for a very light browser, but I had stopped using it do to lack of packaging and general rudimentary functionality.

Fennec is another slightly weirder possibility -- it's the mozilla mobile broswer. Very light, but it expects a tiny screen.  It is in the repos.


Open your .bashrc file in vi or a text editor and add this line:

alias ddms='$HOME/android-sdk-linux/tools/ddms.sh'

Save the file and open a new terminal.


I suspect you meant ./Jupiter (ie. Jupiter in the current or $PWD directory).

You moved it to /Jupiter - ie. Jupiter in the / directory (which if directory named /Jupiter didn't already exist, you renamed testfile2.txt to /Jupiter with your command).


Is there a safe way to unplug Bluetooth adapter in Ubuntu?

Safely Remove External Storage
Such as an USB drive
With external storage media like USB drive or SD card, the computer (Widnows or Ubuntu) does not write the changes to files immediately. That is, when you copy or modify a file in an USB drive, the computer puts it in a "to do" list and waits until there are enough things "to do" with the USB drive. This is done because it is more efficient to write many small changes at the same time as compared with writing them one at a time when you make them. So, you don't use the safely remove option and just yank out the USB drive out, those changes don't get done and the file may get corrupted.
See more at http://www.howtogeek.com/172931/why-exactly-do-you-need-to-safely-eject-usb-media/
Bluetooth Dongles Don't Store Data
They can be yanked out, as long as there is no data transfer going on
This is not the case with the Bluetooth adapter. For example, if you try to listen to some music using Bluetooth headset and the adapter, the computer can't wait and consolidate the music to be sent to the headset. It has to be done right away. Otherwise you will think your adapter is broken. Similarly, if you use Bluetooth to transfer files between your phone and your computer, it is done right away and when it says the transfer is complete, it is complete. So, I don't see why there should be a safely remove option for Bluetooth adapter.
Also see http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/forums/1/tech-helproom/209172/safely-remove-a-belkin-bluetooth-dongle/
Hope this helps


TRIM will be run by a cronjob by default as announced by Martin Pitt. This will be done weekly (as can be seen in the patch) and will be perfectly configurable. Automatic TRIMimg will be enabled.


what does "you have broken package." mean?

This is a common problem.
To fix it in the major part of the cases, from your Terminal (or xTerm, or VT) execute in order:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo dpkg --configure -a

You will need a stable internet connection and the repositories enabled.

Please, feel free to comment under here if you have other inherent questions,
have a nice day.


Window and menu freezes after watching flash videos

The latest flash-player is buggy in conjunction with hardware acceleration. You may try to disable it by typing in a shell:

sudo mkdir /etc/adobe

(maybe your shell will conplain that this directory already exists. You can safely ignore that)

Next you should enter in the shell:

sudo echo “EnableLinuxHWVideoDecode=0″ > /etc/adobe/mms.cfg

You need finaly to restart your brower.


How does Nautilus populate the list with shortcuts in the top right corner?

You can edit them by modifying ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs.

Moreover, you can also check if the second Desktop link is a bookmark by opening the bookmarks file in ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks.

According to How do I remove 'Places' entries from the Nautilus sidebar? user-dirs.dirs file is generated from the user-dirs* files in /etc/xdg.


make my Ubuntu 12.04 laptop visible on the network

Your are right for using samba if you have multiple os on your network. So that Ubuntu can share files create a share folder, right click it and hit the sharing option. Tick all the boxes you desire for the share and you should be prompted to install samba unless it's installed already. When all is complete the folder will have a left and right arrow on it. This folder is now shared. In your file manager on the left menu you will see the word network click this and then you should see windows share folder. Inside that folder you should see your computer and the shared folder inside. Samba is working at this point.

Printing is best controlled by Ubuntu. Open the printing options click add a printer attach all printers to Ubuntu. If your printer is connected to a windows pc you should see the option for windows share click this and follow the on screen instructions to connect your printers.

Hope this helps... Good luck!!


How do I remove the mouse icon from the xfce panel?

That looks like it might even be in the "Indicator Plugin" if not the "Notification area". Did you check the settings for both of those, and the settings for anything else that shows up in the Panel Preferences Items near there, like the battery monitor? You might be able to hide it if it's hiding in another (adjacent?) Panel Item.


How to view the changelog for a package in a PPA?

The last changes to a PPA package can bee seen at

https://launchpad.net/~<ppa_user_name>/+archive/ubuntu/<PPA_name>/+files/<package_name>_<package_version>_source.changes

You can write a simple script that will extract this data.

The script can be like this

#!/bin/sh

wget -q -O - https://launchpad.net/~$1/+archive/ubuntu/$2/+files/$3_$4_source.changes | \
awk '/Changes:/{f=1;next}/Checksums/{f=0}flag'

Run it this way:

./changelog.sh <ppa_user_name> <ppa_name> <package_name> <package_version>

e.g.

./changelog.sh hanipouspilot rtlwifi rtlwifi-new-dkms 0.5

If you need a full changelog, not only the last entry, then you have to download and extract source. That can be also done by a script.

Another script that checks changelog of an installed pacakage

#!/bin/bash

data=`apt-cache policy $1 | awk '/\*\*\*/ {print $2} f{print $2;f=0} /\*\*\*/{f=1}'`
version=`echo $data | awk '{print $1}'`
version=`echo $version | sed -r s/^[0-9]+://`
URL=`echo $data | awk '{print $2}'`
if [ -z `echo $URL | grep ppa` ]; then
    echo "The package is not installed from PPA"
    exit
else
    user=`echo $URL | cut -d / -f 4`
    name=`echo $URL | cut -d / -f 5`
    wget  -q -O - https://launchpad.net/~$user/+archive/ubuntu/$name/+files/$1_${version}_source.changes | \
    awk '/Changes:/{f=1;next}/Checksums/{f=0}f'
fi

It can be run by

./changelog.sh <package_name>


The easiest solution is to do a fresh install of Windows without using RAID and after that install Ubuntu.
The disks should be reformatted.
Generally RST is not a problem for Ubuntu if you install it alone. But if you have Windows installed using some RAID configuration, installing Ubuntu on that RAID is really tricky. grub doesn't support this RAID yet.
It is possible to install Ubuntu on an RST RAID without using grub and with mdadm, but it is too complex for a newbie.
If you are not prepared to lose all your existing data, I recommend to forget about installing Ubuntu till the installer and boot loader support Intel RST officially.


Fresh install of Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS freezes after login

I have the same trouble. Same "_". In my searching for the answer, this works for me:

Select "advanced options" on the grub boot menu, and then the second choice (first "recovery mode").
In the menu, activate the network, and go to root.
At the command line type:

apt-get update
apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
apt-get install unity
apt-get remove --purge nvidia*
shutdown -r now

I don't have a Nvidia card, dont' care. :-)

But after this unity-desktop reinstall my Ubuntu comes back.

Hope it help.


How can I restore the default /etc/apache2 and default apache2 files?

Found this:

apt-get install --reinstall apache2.2-common


How can I install IMO Messenger on Ubuntu?

There's no official Linux client on the IMO Messenger web site and as far as Google tells me there's no third-party implementation of it either.

You may be able to set up Android inside a virtual machine and install the Android version of IMO Messenger.


Default download folder for pictures in Private Firefox

Accidental fix. Long story short:

Go to the url: about:config. It will warn you that it's dangerous. Continue
Look for browser.download.lastDir. There's a search bar at the top.
Double-click the browser.download.lastDir row. A prompt will appear.
Edit as needed. Click Okay. Close your browser to refresh.

Following this link in Mozilla's FAQ, I saw how to alter its variables. Unfortunately, the steps after that didn't correct it, so I searched for other variables.

browser.download.lastDir contained the folder Firefox defaulted to, so I tried changing it. It worked.

My other questions haven't been answered yet so I'm open to other, more detailed answers.


I suggest to install 3.19 kernel by

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-vivid

And then follow the GUIDE to obtain, convert and install firmware.

It is not legal to distribute the firmware.

But I found a newer driver HERE.

New devices have been added and firmware files are newer.


I ran ChkRootkit and came up with a infected file. I need help

Binaries in /tmp are flagged as "linux.xor.ddos" regardless of if they're infected or not. This was the case with the poster.


How to Change Evolution's Keyboard Shortcuts?

This is what worked for me using Evolution 3.22.0, on Ubuntu 18.04, with gtk 3.22

It is important to do every one of these steps, in order, because, Evolution can quickly overwrite the keyboard shortcuts to default, when it opens or when it closes.

Make sure that Evolution is not running.
Open the file ~/.config/evolution/accels with a text editor
Find the line for the command you want to edit, for example Reply to All which looks like:
; (gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/mail/mail-reply-all" "<Primary><Shift>r").
Here the spaces are only for indentation, but the semicolon at the beginning of the line comments-out the line.
Remove the semicolon and make your change so that line might look now like, for example, (gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/mail/mail-reply-all" "<Super>r").
Make sure you save, and then close the file in your text editor.
Now, re-open Evolution and you should see that the keyboard shortcut for Message->Reply to All has changed.

Special thanks to the members of the evolution-list support mailing list who helped me learn this.


How to setup a bridge on ubuntu with two NIC's - one for WAN and one for LAN, that are connected to MaaS

If I understand your network scheme correctly you have to config NAT on your maas server. But your netcfg shouldn't work because you can't set a gw address outside of network... (for eno2 you don't need to set gw and nameservers).

Setup NAT on MAAS with 2 network interfaces.
Enable forwarding in kernel, edit file and uncomment line net/ipv4/ip_forward=1

sudo nano /etc/ufw/sysctl.conf
net/ipv4/ip_forward=1

save and exit

In the file /etc/default/ufw change the parameter DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY

DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="ACCEPT"

Add NAT to ufw’s configuration. Add the following to /etc/ufw/before.rules just before the filter rules.

# NAT table rules
*nat
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]

# Forward traffic through eno1
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.1/24 -o eno1 -j MASQUERADE

# don't delete the 'COMMIT' line or these nat table rules won't
# be processed
COMMIT

Accept ports needed for maas

sudo ufw allow 22
sudo ufw allow 69
sudo ufw allow 5240
sudo ufw allow 5248
sudo ufw allow 8000

Now enable the changes by restarting ufw.

sudo ufw disable && sudo ufw enable

On MAAS you should config DHCP on eno2, and your nodes for commission should be connected via switch to that network.


Install software with its dependencies from a local repo over LAN

The problem lies in here

  I comment out all other lines that were trying to point to various ubuntu repos.

If you comment out all the repo lines from the disconnected machine, How will it get other necessary .deb files to satisfy request if your local repository cannot provide that file?

For example, If Google chrome requires a.deb and b.deb and You installed a.deb in your connected machine in some point in time. Later you downloaded b.deb for google chrome and put only b.deb in the local repository, missing the a.deb file in your local repo. In this case, the disconnected machine, which can only request to the Local repo cannot not get a.deb file and it will generate a dependency error message.

 Permanent solution

If you really want this type of settings, then you should make sure that both of the PC are in the same state regarding packages installed. And anytime you install something in connected machine, you should backup the .deb files and put theme in the Local repo for disconnected machines.

 Temporary solution

Another solution  could be, running a Live system in the connected machine and download or install the required package in there. In this way, You can get all the required packages for a new Ubuntu installation. Which would be sufficient for the disconnected machine. Grab the .deb files, put them in Local repo and install from other machine.

Hope this will help.


Location of the clipboard history managed by Klipper

Let's say you've copied something. Immediately open a terminal and run

find -newerat 2 | grep klipper

You'll get a list of folders and files which klipper has modified looking something like

./.local/share/klipper
./.local/share/klipper/history2.lst

Obviously, history2.lst will be of interest to you.

Unfortunately,

file history2.lst

shows that history2.lst is a data file. You thus need to view it preferably with the application that created it.

To do so and even to edit or delete individual entries in your clipboard, just left-click on the clipboard icon in your plasma panel to access klipper's tools.


How could I change my theme colors like this? (Pic below) or can I find a theme like this?

To change theme colors there are three files you need to edit.

/usr/share/themes/{theme name}/gtk-3.0/gtk.css
/usr/share/themes/{theme name}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
/usr/share/themes/{theme name}/gtk-2.0/gtkrc

In the beginning of these files you'll find 4 pairs of core foreground and background colors used in applications based on the gtk 2 and gtk 3 libraries. Pair base_color and text_color are used for the document or text entry portions of windows where bg_color and fg_color are are used for the windows area where icons and labels are displayed. Selected pair is for selected text and the tooltip pair is used for the tips that pop up when you hover over a button or link. These colors may be applied by applications with varying opacity or shadings. The color of text in buttons comes from the fg_color. These sets of labels appear in all three files so I've been changing all three to be the same for any label I change. Here's an example of what I changed in the gtk.css file in the Ambiance theme.

/* default color scheme */
@define-color bg_color #cdc3b8;
@define-color fg_color #262626;
@define-color base_color #accdff;
@define-color text_color #262626;
@define-color selected_bg_color #01b9fc;
@define-color selected_fg_color #ffffff;
@define-color tooltip_bg_color #A3D0FF;
@define-color tooltip_fg_color #023C79;


Either...

Boot into Recovery Mode from the GRUB menu. Get to the root prompt and install the Nvidia driver from there.
At the GRUB menu, hit the e key to enter edit mode. Find "quiet splash" and change it to "quiet splash nomodeset", then control-x to continue booting. The screen resolution will be off.
Then (re)install the correct/latest Nvidia driver for your card.
reboot


Data send via Squid proxy not functioning problem

Ftp don't use port 80. Port 80 is for http.

Ftp use port 21 and 20 if is in passive mode or port 21 and random port if is in active mode.

Can you give us your network topology?


Try the following

sudo mv /etc/bluetooth /etc/bluetooth.backup

sudo apt-get install --reinstall bluez

After a reboot check the issue. The /etc/bluetooth directory should be empty now.

If this does not work for you, just move back the bluetoth.backup directory to it's original place.

(or)

Missing Firm-ware could also be an issue and you can fix it with the command

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware

Hope this helps!


It will be helpful for you....
JSF INSTALL PROCEDURE


Geany: debugger not available although plugins installed

I came here looking for an answer to the same question, and am disappointed that there's no response.

All I've been able to find elsewhere is a reference to this changelog which says:

geany-plugins (1.32+dfsg-3) unstable; urgency=medium

  * [67b34ed] Disable webkit-using plugins: markdown, webhelper
    webkitgtk-3.0 is not to be used as it is deprecated, but the port to
    webkit2gtk-4.0 isn't ready yet.

 -- Chow Loong Jin <email address hidden>  Thu, 11 Jan 2018 03:17:55 +0800

The debug plugin seems to be one of the ones affected by this, so apparently it hasn't been working for almost two-and-a-half years.

I haven't been able to find anywhere yet that gives any hint of when (or if) this will ever be fixed.


Reduce the file size of multiple .mp3s of voice recordings via command line at once

After doing a good deal of digging, I found the answers and decided to post here to consolidate for others.

Answer 1. Find current sample rate of mp3

cd

To where the mp3 file is. Then type

file song.mp3

Replace "song .mp3" with the name of your file. This is based on the helpful answer here.

Answer 2.  Find the lowest bitrate where voice recordings sound acceptable at

Both 64 and 32 worked for me. Since the mission here was to limit size, I went with 32 (here is a more indepth discussion on the topic).

To test which bit rate works best for you, run

avconv -i song.mp3 -c:a libmp3lame -b:a 64k test.mp3

Then play the test.mp3 file and see if you like it. Change the "64k" to different values to get different bit rates. For example change it to "128k" if you would like a higher quality but larger sized mp3.

Answer 3. Convert current files to the revised bit rate (many files at once)

Again make sure you have navigated in the terminal to the folder where you would like to change the files. Then run:

for f in ./*.mp3; do avconv -i "$f" -c:a libmp3lame -b:a 32k "${f%.*}-out.mp3"; done

You can specifcy any naming convention for the output file by modifying the "${f%.*}-out.mp3". This great code was provided from this answer. Visit it to see a more in depth answer for how you can a) preserve the original names and b) how you could run on an entire file directory.


(Yes I'm the one who asked the question I'm putting this here in-case someone else had problems) You can delete some of them through the terminal with

sudo rm /path/to/file

If its a folder you need to use

sudo rmdir /path/to/folder

For the ones That can't be removed by sudo in terminal you need to access the root command line to do so you must:

Logging out, press Ctrl+Alt+F1, it will say "(ComputerName) login:" type "root" press enter, it will ask for your password, type your password, press enter again, if your login was successful, congratulations you are now in the full out CLI (Command Line Interface) if not try again.

From there you must be careful what you as you will not need to type sudo to do anything you can very easily delete a file that is required for running your computer once you understand this:

you simply do almost the same thing as before but you no longer need sudo.

rm /path/to/file

or if its a folder

rmdir /path/to/folder

Note: when typing the /path/to/file and /path/to/folder
                      ^                 ^
it is important to put a "/" before the path to file/folder  as you be in the directory "/root" visualized by "(computername)@root:~$" the "~" signifying the home directory (for root)

Other note: you can find the path to the file or folder by finding it in Files, left-clicking on it once, right-clicking, clicking properties (at bottom of the right-click pop-up thing and there you find its name and path along with other information that might help you with problems in future (for other apps/files/folders of course)


Yes, old versions ARE still available, it's just that they won't show up on the official Ubuntu website. The oldest version currently supported is 16.04 Xenial, but if you want something much older than 16.04 Xenial, such as 12.04 Precise, then go to releases.ubuntu.com


Unable to use annotate feature in ubuntu 20.04

Since 17.10, Ubuntu hasn't used Compiz (as part of the Unity desktop) as part of the default desktop. As such I don't think you're going to successfully use that method for annotating your screen.
We now use GNOME Shell, which uses a concept of extensions to add features to the desktop experience. One such extension is called Draw On You(r) Screen. Perhaps that could work for you?


use

LC_ALL=C sort -u
or
LC_COLLATE=C sort -u

to force the compare function in sort to compare memory bytes for correct result.


This  tutorial from the Wine Forums will guide you on how to run a DOS program using wine.


Unable to bind Super key on Ubuntu 17.10

I fixed this problem using Gnome Tweaks:

Install Gnome Tweaks from Ubuntu Software
Launch Tweaks
Select Keyboard & Mouse
For Overview Shortcut select Right Super (instead of Left Super)


Trackball w/ 4 buttons: how to remap one of buttons to double click?

I have the same issue but with the standard 4 button expert mouse trackball from Kensington. This is on my todo and it sounds like it works alright. The trick is to start a custom script and start it as a background process during login.

This is your best bet IMO:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MouseCustomizations

gedit ~/.xbindkeysrc

"/usr/bin/xte 'mouseup Y' 'mouseclick 1' 'mouseclick 1' &amp;"
b:Y

OR

"/usr/bin/xte 'mouseclick 1' 'mouseclick 1' &amp;"
b:Y + Release

Then

xbindkeys -n -v

Now debug your buttons and configs with the output of the last command in a terminal. There isn't a GUI to do this for you. Welcome to Linux... text editors are your friend.


How to make guest sessions start with Unity 2D by Default?

It is an interesting question. I've had a look at this, and it seems to be a bug somewhere. In my opinion, you should've been able to add a file called .dmrc to /etc/guest-session/skel containing

[Desktop]
Session=sessionname

Where sessionname can be something like "ubuntu", "ubuntu-2d", "gnome", etc. But this doesn't work no matter what I've tried. There are several bug reports about similar issues, so this will be looked into.

I did come up with a solution for you, however, but it's really hacky and just hides the problem without fixing it. But it does work. Open a terminal and paste the following commands: (Make sure you get the whole commands, otherwise you'll get into trouble)

sudo mv /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/ubuntu.session /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/ubuntu-3d.session
sudo mv /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/ubuntu-2d.session /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/ubuntu.session

This just swaps the two sessions, so any user who has chosen to use Unity and not Unity 2D will also be logged in with Unity 2D until he/she chooses differently again. This also means that any new users you create will default to using Unity 2D.


Change phpMyAdmin port from 80 to another number

Just to be clear, this is not a setting of PhpMyAdmin, it is a setting of the configuration of Apache2, and we need to create new VirtualHost for this purpose.

1. Understanding of the default configuration of PhpMyAdmin. By default (within Ubuntu 16.04) PhpMyAdmin is included (and enabled) into the Apache's configuration (for all VirtualHosts!) through this additional configuration file:

/etc/apache2/conf-enabled/phpmyadmin.conf

This file is a symbolic link to the file /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf, which is a symbolic link to the file /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf, which will be used in the next step.

2. Create new VirtualHost configuration file. Let's call it phpmyadmin.conf and create it by nano (or you can use your favorite text editor):

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/phpmyadmin.conf

The content of this file should looks like:

Listen 99

<VirtualHost *:99>

        ServerName localhost

        <Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin>
                AllowOverride None
                Require all granted
        </Directory>

        DocumentRoot /usr/share/phpmyadmin

        Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/phpmyadmin.error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/phpmyadmin.access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

Where:

Listen 99 instructs Apache2 to listen on port 99. Like @L.D.James says you can put this directive in /etc/apache2/ports.conf or you can leave it here;
<VirtualHost *:99>...</VirtualHost> defines a VirtualHost which will handle the requests form all interfaces (*) on port :99.
ServerName localhost this directive is optional and can be customised according to your needs. (Usually there have ServerName set on the Server level - in /etc/apache2/apache2.conf);
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin>...</Directory> this directive is optional because the access permissions for /usr/share/ are usually set in /etc/apache2/apache2.conf. But you can add specific rules here, for example you can Set Up Password Authentication;
DocumentRoot /usr/share/phpmyadmin this directive sets /usr/share/phpmyadmin as directory that forms the main document tree visible from the web, for the current VirtualHost;
Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf this directive includes the default phpMyAdmin's configuration into Apache's configuration. Thus /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf will be included only for the current VirtualHost! Instead of this directive you can copy/paste the content of /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf in this place.

3. Switch Apache's configuration and restart it.

sudo a2disconf phpmyadmin
sudo a2ensite phpmyadmin
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service

Where:

a2disconf phpmyadmin will disable the default phpMyAdmin's configuration, described in 1.
a2ensite phpmyadmin will enable the new VirtualHost, described in 2.

!!. Edit /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf and comment (#) the first Alias directive like thath:

#Alias /phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin

This step is optional, but otherwise http://localhost:99 and http://localhost:99/phpmyadmin will provide identical result, so I suppose we do not need that :)

!!. If you want this new VirtualHost to be accessible from the outside don't forget to add port 99 into your firewall's rules. If you use UFW you can do that by this command:

sudo ufw allow 99/tcp

With iptables you can do that by this command:

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 99 -j ACCEPT


Default HDD partitions on Dell Inspiron 3551 laptop

You can remove all partitions if you like. But you will lose the recpvery feature that allows to restore everything to factory defaults.

/dev/sda1 is EFI boot. It is needed for UEFI.

/dev/sda3 must be Ubuntu OEM distribution image.

I do not know what /dev/sda2 is for, but it may be also needed for factory restore.

Regarding swap partition that you call "exchange memory" I can say that 4 GB will be enough. Hibernation must work and RAM size is a common size.


Midori - How to activate Shockwave Flash on startup

Maybe this answer comes a little too late, but it might help someone who googles about this issue.
I've recently installed elementary OS that comes with Midori as default browser. I first tried installing Ubuntu restricted extras:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

It worked with SOME youtube videos, but not the ones embedded on facebook. Also, when I tested flash player plugin (here: http://www.adobe.com/software/flash/about/), it said "missing plugin".

Then, I added this line: *export MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH="/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins"* to configure Midori's flash path (this is for elementary OS. Other distro might use another path)

sudo nano /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh

It still didn't work, so after googling a little more, found this script: https://gist.github.com/lewisgoddard/6223985, wich solved all the issues :D

Note: you might need to restart your browser for changes to take effect.


Do Phones running Ubuntu Touch have remote ability to remove apps, wipe phone - aka killswitch?

No, but you can already do this with Prey regardless of the device (phone, tablet). It has an Ubuntu installer.

Besides that ... on the development mailing list there is a proposal ...

  So i came to me the idea of some cloud service like (android device manager) to handle this issue. The app must be delivered by default and should be registered with the user account email at first time phone setup. This will be register the user email into the cloud service with the phone or device imei and one imei can only have one user email acount (owner) entry, so the real first owner of the device will have the power of track, and manage the device online.

... that got positive feedback.

Notable comment on this ...

  The system has support for click packages which cannot be removed by
  the user. However, if the phone is plugged in to USB and the Android
  development tools are used, then the device can be wiped completely
  clean, from underneath the OS. There's nothing we can do about that in
  the OS itself right now, and any anti-theft support at that low level
  would have to be implemented by the hardware vendors, not necessarily
  as part of the Ubuntu OS that runs on the device.


What's the purpose of the Ubuntu Online Accounts extension in Firefox?

Ok, so I decided to investigate in the source code. The extension itself consists only of a few lines of Javascript in the file /usr/lib/xul-ext/webaccounts/content/browser.js that only loads the library /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/webaccounts-browser-extension/libwebaccounts.so and calls it with info about the currently visited page.

The package webaccounts-extension-common that contains this library also has a file /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/com.canonical.webcredentials.capture.gschema.xml that contains the gsettings configuration options of this package. There is only a single one, which lists the sites for which the extension was already active once and won't ask again. In my case, it contained twitter.com, which is why I did not notice anything when visiting Twitter. This blacklist can be cleared with the following command:

gsettings reset com.canonical.webcredentials.capture dontask-accounts

The next time I visited Twitter, the Ubuntu Control Center opened with the Online Accounts dialog, so that is the desired effect of this plugin.

However, the source code of the library shows that there should be more. It contains a function webaccounts_store_login that has the purpose of automatically adding the Twitter/etc. account you just used in the browser to the Ubuntu Online Accounts, such that the desktop integration just works immediately after you used the site once in the browser. This is of course a nice integration. However, this does not work for me (no account is added, only the accounts window opens), and there is a two-year old bug report that indicates that this is the same for others as well.


How to increase the partition size of Ubuntu installed under Windows?

As Marky suggested in the comments, you can resize the disk image of a Wubi installation using any of these methods (written by bcbc).

Alternatively, you can free up space in your Wubi image by moving some of your documents or other files like music, ebooks, or videos (just not programs or system files) to the host Windows system's partition (accessed as /host in your Wubi system).


How to convert Excel spreadsheet 2007 to pdf in Linux also by updating links

Use LibreOffice 4.2.8.2 420m0(Build:2) (latest aviable unde Ubuntu 14.04).

All the above versions should not allow any update of formula due to security updates, therefore avoiding Excel Comand Injection (which I actually need).


How can I change the size of the Mozilla Firefox screen?

You can also use Alt+LeftMouseButton and drag to move almost any window on a screen so that the controls (close, minimize, maximize) appear in your view.


First, if the USB stick is not booting, I recommend erasing the whole USB stick and remake it again.

Download pendrivelinux or UNetbootin to create the Live USB again.  The program will automatically wipe all the stuff on the USB stick and copy the files from the Ubuntu iso to the USB stick (and remember to download the iso from the Ubuntu site.)

If it doesn't boot, and it shows the purple screen before the computer blacks out, try changing the boot options.

Tap F6 when you reach the purple screen.

Try nolapic and nomodset first.  Try all other options of the options mentioned didn't work.  Use  ↑ and ↓ to switch options and press Enter to choose the option.

If the computer boots, you are done, not really.  After you installed ubuntu, read this thread on the Ubuntu Forums and jump to the "How to permanently set kernel boot options on an installed OS (not wubi)" part to apply the boot option permanently.

If the USB stick still won't boot, read My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it? to find the cause of not booting.


Just install linux-aws kernel, just had same issue and fixed with that.

BTW, it was just released 2 hours ago:

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-aws/4.4.0-1010.10

Good luck!


I wonder since when was the last time you used Thunderbird on Ubuntu. It must have been a very long time ago. Such issues were present then but not now.

I have been using Thunderbird with Gmail and a number of other IMAP providers for years with none of the mentioned issues.

I have extensively examined newer versions of Thunderbird with IMAP and all is okay. So I assume if you plan on using IMAP, no problem at all using new versions of Thunderbird on Ubuntu.

One issue might arise though, that is Thunderbird prompting you to compact folders. This, however, can easily be overcome either by dismissing this operation when prompted or by disabling this feature completely from preferences by removing the check mark like in the image below:

Here is a recommended tutorial: Thunderbird and Gmail

Regarding Thunderbird re-downloading emails using IMAP from Gmail each time you open it. This can happen if its local copy of the folder has reached the file size limit for your file system. The file size limit for FAT32 for example is 4 GB but on Ubuntu's file system Ext4 this is unlikely to happen as the file size limit for Ext4 is a whooping 16 TB. Please read here.

If, however, this is not the case, then please follow the steps below to reset Thunderbird's indexes. Thunderbird keeps track of messages in your IMAP folders using .msf files which stands for “Mail Summary files”. Data corruption in these files, which can happen for various reasons, may cause Thunderbird to loose track of your messages and re-download them again and again.

In your account settings, select Server Settings like in the image below:

Copy the path of the Local Directory, open a terminal and type cd then press Space Bar once then paste the path then press Enter.

Once inside the path of the mail account's Local Directory, please close Thunderbird then run the following command in your terminal:

find . -type f -name '*.msf' -exec mv {} {}.old \;

Now open Thunderbird. New .msf files will be rebuilt and messages will be re-downloaded hopefully once and for all this time.

Regarding Thunderbird Failing to store sent emails on the server. If it happens sometimes, then it is most likely the remote server's problem. If, however, it happens every time, you might need to take a look at your account settings under copies & folders -> When sending message, automatically -> Place a copy in select Other then choose Sent Mail on your-email@gmail.com from the drop down menu like in the image below:

Explanation - as requested by r2evans:

r2evans wrote in the comments:

  Just curious, Raffa, you emphasized in bold the "once" in "type cd the
  press space bar once then paste the path". Is there a reason that one
  (vice two or more) spaces is important here? – r2evans

This is to promote good practice and consistency. In this case, the bare minimum expected by the cd utility is one space and no extra spaces are required.

That being said, extra spaces will work as well.

However, upon reading Ubuntu Manpage - cd, the following is noted:

  This  manual  page  is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The
  Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
  corresponding Linux manual  page  for  details  of Linux behavior), or
  the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

Also, upon reading cd - change the working directory, the following is noted:

  SYNOPSIS

cd [-L|-P] [directory]

cd -

Also, upon taking Utility Conventions into consideration.

One might reach the conclusion that it is worth noting to press the Space Bar once


No audio through speakers but headphones work fine

After launching alsamixer in a terminal:

left/right arrows key to move around faders,
up/down arrows to increase volume  (speaker in your case)
"m" key to mute/unmute
Press F6 to select another soundcard (modern pc often have one more soundcard for HDMI output, sometimes the main soundcard if the second one)

If you have no luck, try to run and share Alsa-info script as explained here:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Audio/AlsaInfo


is there a way to open browser using terminal?

From: Terminal command to open URL's in default and non-default browser (which I don't think is a duplicate)

If you want to open Chrome to a specific URL, just run

google-chrome www.example.com

To open your default browser to a specific URL, run

xdg-open www.example.com

If you need to run Chrome and close the terminal window afterward, run

google-chrome http://www.google.com </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 & disown

>/dev/null 2>&1 will prevent messages from the browser to be outputted to the terminal's window; & will put the process into the background and disown will remove the job / process from the job list, preventing a SIGHUP signal to be propagated to it.

To do this with another browser simply replace google-chrome with that other browser's executable name.


How to disable cross sign in mouse cursor

That's actually Crosshairs under Zoom Options.
Here the full sequence

Settings
Universal Access
Seeing > Zoom > Crosshairs
Disable it


Second RAID hard drive is mirroring first?

You are using an RAID 1 set-up. This means that the content of both hard disks is mirrored. This is used to prevent data loss because of hardware failures. Your data is available via the devices

/dev/md2 → /
/dev/md3 → /home

It looks like a software raid, hence, you might check the status using:

cat /proc/mdstat


Bios unable to find Ubuntu 64bit CD, with 32bit installed already

You could try installing Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64-bit, and then upgrading from there, to Ubuntu 12.10 64-bit.

Here's a link on how to. http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/upgrade/


How to rename a program installed via apt-get in Ubuntu

this is easy.

What apt is

first off, apt is a package management utility and uses the debian package management system. you use it to automate the process of managing installed packages (or applications) on your system. apt does not rename your packages for you since that's not really what it's used for.

you need the bash-builtin alias or the program ln. These are command-line utilities for bash (Borne Again SHell).

uninstalling any software is unnecessary unless you intend to no longer use that package. I highly advise against this as if you do not know what you are removing; you risk ultimately making your system unusable.

I usually suggest reading The Linux Command Line for beginners its free and helpful for understanding the basics of bash.

Aliases

you can use help -m alias | less to get more information on how to use it. typical usage usually looks like alias ls='ls -lhAHF' and the next time ls is executed, it is executed with the options as well.

example:

$ alias list='ls -lhAHF'
$ list

list outputs directory contents using the options given.

to see all available aliases, just execute alias on its own.

note: that all aliases are executed in the shell. you can make this permanent if you add it to your ~/.bashrc file in your home directory.

Links

you can use man ln for find more information about creating links.

Hard Links

ln /path/to/file /new/path/and/new/filename

Creates a direct link to the file or directory specified.

Symbolic Links

This is probably the better method to use most often and is typically used to resolve constantly changing names to particular binary files.

For example, if you have a program named progname.v1.2.12 it would be inconvenient to rely on this name for other programs. So you create a symbolic link to fix this issue, and you can name it whatever you'd like (usually).

ln -s progname.v1.2.12 progname

and then you can call progname since it is symbolically linked to the file. This is more akin to how MS Windows creates links.

The Difference Between Hard and Symbolic Links?

Basically, a hard link is as if it is actually the file or directory at hand.

The symbolic link is as if a shortcut or reference was created. This is usually formally referred to as a pointer.

Conclusion

I suggest using alias unless necessary.


Three questions on /boot/efi and /boot mountpoints

/boot/efi is a subdirectory of /boot, so it should be obvious that none of this folders is a replacement for the other.

/boot/efi is the default mount-point for the ESP (EFI System Partition), that's the partition where boot-loaders are going to be installed. Boot-loaders are stored on different folders in the ESP, so they can coexist in the same partition.

In a single disk system you will have only one ESP, so if you have a dual boot, the boot-loaders of both OS's will be stored on the same partition, but in different folders.

In a multiple disk system you may want to install each OS on it's own disk, and here you have the choice: you could use the ESP of one disk for the boot-loader of all OS's, you also could use one ESP on each disk and keep the boot-loaders of each OS in the ESP of it's own disk.

If I were going to install two Os's, each on it's own disk, I'd prefer to have an ESP on each disk and install the boot-loader of each OS on the ESP of the same disk where the OS is installed. This has the advantage that if one of the disks fails completely, I'd still be able to boot the OS on the other disk.

Make use of the Something else-option during installation, it's the only way to choose the ESP you want to use, just set the mount-point for the desired ESP to /boot/efi. If the ESP is already used by another OS, don't format the partition, otherwise you would erase already existing boot-loaders.


Check which services are running on the server (python script) and restart them if they have stopped?

I'm all for teaching yourself how to do this kind of thing as a learning exercise, but figured I would mention that in addition to the respawn option mentioned in the comments, there are several options for doing this already written:

Monit
Supervisor
Perp
Daemontools

There are probably others too.  Most of these have published source too, so you can look for pointers in their implementation, bugs etc. if you want to continue to write your own.


How to make one shortcut to compile and execute cpp file

Try adding the following to your ~/.bashrc file:

cr(){
    if [ "$#" -ne 1 ]; then
        echo "Usage: cr <file.cpp>"
    else
        name=$(echo $1 | cut -f 1 -d '.')
        g++ $1 -o name; ./name
    fi
}

This creates an alias that can be executed from the terminal.

The function name / command i.e. cr can be replaced if you wish.

To execute run: cr file.cpp


Miro Guide or Ubuntu music store wouldnt open in Banshee

There is no Ubuntu One music store for Banshee in Ubuntu 12.04.

As for the proxy hostname error, your proxy configuration is broken. You need to fix it by opening System Settings, going to Network, selecting the Network proxy item in the list, and either disabling or fixing the proxy.

If it is set to none, you can open the Terminal application, and run gsettings reset-recursively org.gnome.system.proxy to reset the configuration back to the default of having no proxy.


Boot-Repair should provide an easy, semi-automated solution here.

Detach your old drive from the VM (to prevent adding further work at the end).
Boot the live medium and run the recommended repair in Boot-Repair.
Power off the VM and detach the live CD.
Your new drive should boot normally.
Fix your /etc/fstab if necessary. It should point to your actual root partition’s UUID. The current contents look well (if the UUID of your partition is correct), the file is definitely not “empty”.

If cloning the drive using dd wasn’t a necessary part of your sandbox experiments, you could have just extended the original virtual hard drive instead of cloning it. Of course, this approach is not feasible with physical hard-drives.


I have an alternative: keep all your clients' SSH keys on one server, and the configure your servers to ask that server for authorized SSH keys. This can be done using the AuthorizedKeysCommand directive in sshd_config.

From the manpage:

 AuthorizedKeysCommand
         Specifies a program to be used to look up the user's public keys.
         The program must be owned by root and not writable by group or
         others.  It will be invoked with a single argument of the
         username being authenticated, and should produce on standard
         output zero or more lines of authorized_keys output (see
         AUTHORIZED_KEYS in sshd(8)).  If a key supplied by
         AuthorizedKeysCommand does not successfully authenticate and
         authorize the user then public key authentication continues using
         the usual AuthorizedKeysFile files.  By default, no
         AuthorizedKeysCommand is run.

 AuthorizedKeysCommandUser
         Specifies the user under whose account the AuthorizedKeysCommand
         is run.  It is recommended to use a dedicated user that has no
         other role on the host than running authorized keys commands.

The command can be simply a script with:

#! /bin/bash
ssh bastion "cat $HOSTNAME/$1/authorized_keys"

Here the server's AuthorizedKeysCommandUser has a key-based (passwordless) login, and simply outputs the authorized_keys file for the hostname/user combination from the keyserver. Another way would be:

#! /bin/bash
wget --post-data="host=$HOSTNAME&user=$1" https://bastion

where the keyserver runs an HTTP server which returns a set of authorized keys based on the hostname and user. A one-file PHP or Python script would be sufficient to process such a form. An advantage would be that using a database server like PostgreSQL or MySQL would be easier. (Of course, you don't need to use the hostname.)

This method is most commonly used with LDAP, I think. There are a couple of scripts for LDAP: http://www.sysadmin.org.au/index.php/2012/12/authorizedkeyscommand/ and http://blather.michaelwlucas.com/archives/1562 that you can look at.

To set this up, in the servers, create a user (call it authkeys) to run the the command (or you can use the nobody user):

adduser --disabled-password --disabled-login --shell /usr/sbin/nologin authkeys

On the intermediate server (call it bastion), a slightly different command: we will set shell to /bin/bash for convenience (but you can limit that):

adduser --disabled-password --disabled-login --shell /bin/bash authkeys

This very unprivileged user will be used for the sole purpose of connecting to the intermediate server and getting the keys.
Create a script that this user will run:

sudo tee -a /usr/local/bin/get_keys.sh <<"EOF"
#! /bin/bash
ssh bastion "cat $HOSTNAME/$1/*.pub 2>/dev/null"
EOF
sudo chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/get_keys.sh

Edit the SSH server configuration /etc/ssh/sshd_config on the servers and add:

AuthorizedKeysCommand /usr/local/bin/get_keys.sh
AuthorizedKeysCommandUser authkeys

And restart the SSH servers:

sudo service ssh restart

Then, for simplicity, generate an SSH key pair and use the same keypair on all servers for authkeys user:

# On one server
ssh-keygen -N '' -f id_rsa

On all the other servers, copy these id_rsa and id_rsa.pub files created by the above command, then add them to the authkeys user's SSH configuration:

cp id_rsa* ~authkeys/.ssh/
sudo chown authkeys:authkeys .ssh -R
sudo chmod 0700 .ssh
chmod 0600 .ssh/*

On the intermediate server, add this key to the authorized_keys list:

cat id_rsa.pub >> ~authkeys/.ssh/authorized_keys

Finally, on the intermediate serves, make a directory structure following the script we used above:

mkdir -p ~authkeys/some_host/some_login

Then add the authorized keys of your administrators to the directory:

echo "some_key" > ~authkeys/some_host/some_login/admin1.pub
echo "some_other_key" > ~authkeys/some_host/some_login/admin2.pub

Chown everything to root (or your user - but anything other than authkeys):

chown root:root ~authkeys/* -R
chmod o=rx ~authkeys/*/*
chmod o=r ~authkeys/*/*/*.pub -R

Use hostnames or IPs, but remember to change the script to use the appropriate value.


GUI Solution:
First and foremost make sure you have gparted and gksudoinstalled:
sudo apt-get install gparted gksu

Then start it with:
gksudo gparted

Now in the UI switch to your pen-drive via the selector, make sure it is your pen-drive because all what you do from now on will delete all on the selected drive.

Now click on the shown partition entry(s) and select unmount. After that select 'Create Partition Table ...' from the 'Device' menu and choose as partition type 'msdos'.

When that is finished it will show you an 'unallocated' entry for that pen-drive. Right click on it and choose new. In the following dialog choose the file system you want to have it (i.e. FAT, FAT32, ext1-4, this is up to you) and click on 'Add'. Then simply click on the green check-mark to apply your wishes and you're done


How do I know which NVIDIA driver I need?

To check which is the recommended driver for your Nvidia card run:
ubuntu-drivers devices

If you want to install the driver automatically, run :
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

If you want to install a specific driver version (410, 440...), run:
sudo apt install nvidia-<driver number>

Once the installation is finished, restart your PC.
Then run prime-select query to check which graphic card is being used by your device.
If you want to change the graphic card used by your PC, run : sudo prime-select <intel/ nvidia>; choose between Nvidia and Intel graphic cards.
After that, restart your PC to apply changes


Can't change a certain WiFi connection's settings with Ubuntu 18.04

I was having the same problem and I figured it out while reading your post. I launched the connection editor through the terminal instead of from the applet

nm-connection-editor

Then when I tried to edit the wifi network that was giving me trouble, I saw this error message.

  ** Message: 17:41:57.649: Cannot save connection due to error: Invalid setting Wi-Fi Security: No certificate set

Checking the "No certificate required" box under the "Wifi Security" tab allowed me to finally save the configuration.

No idea if disabling IPv6 is going to solve my disconnect issues yet, but at least I was able to save the changes!


The original poster figured out a solution and posted it in a comment:

  I found the solution. In the bios i disabled the integrated graphics
  and onboard sound card. That seemed to have fixed the issue.

– Luke Watson Apr 21 at 11:50


Download the fresh ISO from here: http://releases.ubuntu.com/14.04/ and then try again.


Is there any software that blocks porn on all browsers that I can install?

You can also use the service openDNS, which limits the name resolution based on the pre-set filters. Compared to the solution proposed for the /etc/hosts file it allows you to not have to constantly update the list.
Once you have set your own filters just use openDNS as name server.
https://www.opendns.com/home-internet-security/


Is there a way to share my computer's Internet connection with my Android through USB?

Well, it can be done with rooted 2.2+ devices. It's not simple.

Before I start, you might just find it easier to buy a cheap USB Wifi dongle and share the connection to your phone through that. It's a much more simple procedure and doesn't require root on the phone.

But here's how to do it over USB:

Put your phone in USB debugging mode (in settings → applications → usb). Plug the phone in.
Then you need to turn on USB tethering on the phone. On my SGS2, this sits in Settings → Wireless and network → Tethering and portable hotspots.

At this point, a new network device will be added to the computer (usb0).
Fire off the following commands to bridge eth0 and your new USB connection.

sudo apt-get install bridge-utils

sudo brctl addbr br0

for i in eth0 usb0; do
    sudo ifconfig $i 0.0.0.0
    sudo brctl addif br0 $i
done

sudo ifconfig br0 up
sudo dhclient br0 # might take a few seconds

Then load a terminal on your phone (or use the SDK adb shell) and fire off (as root):

netcfg usb0 dhcp

To reverse it all:

for i in eth0 usb0 br0; do sudo ifconfig $i down; done
sudo brctl delbr br0
sudo ifconfig eth0 up
sudo dhclient eth0

To make things slightly easier there are a few Apps out there that do the phone side of things (ASProxy for example) but you still need a rooted 2.2 device. The computer side of things can be scripted. You could even hook into udev to fire these commands off when you plug the phone in (and destroy the bridge when you unplug it).


bash: ./install.sh: Permission denied installing intel fortran 2011

There is many way to execute your script :

launch bash with root privilege sudo bash install.sh
change permissions to launch the script. However be careful, it's an installation script, it may require root privileges. So you must probably run it as root.

chmod +x install.sh or chmod 755 install.sh


How do I prevent "standard folders" from recreating after restart?

Edit your ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs file.

The default content is:

# If you want to change or add directories, just edit the line you're
# interested in. All local changes will be retained on the next run
# Format is XDG_xxx_DIR="$HOME/yyy", where yyy is a shell-escaped
# homedir-relative path, or XDG_xxx_DIR="/yyy", where /yyy is an
# absolute path. No other format is supported.
#
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

Those are the only folders that will be automatically created.  Change the folder area to equal (=) the ones you created and would like to be your defaults.  Remove the ones you don't want.


bash: Declare local variable in the for expression

You can read Bash: What does “masking return values” mean?:

When you declare a variable as either local or exported that in itself is a command that will return success or not.

So if you wanted to act on the return value of your command [...], you would be unable to since it's going to exit with 0 as long as the local declaration succeeds (which is almost always will).

function prova {
    local i=1
    for (( "$i"; i<=5; i++ )); do echo test; done
    return $?
}

prova

test
test
test
test
test


I am unable to boot into a fresh insallation of 18.04 with the error "Missing boot loader", what do I do?

Make sure you have a UEFI installation of Ubuntu and that your machine also boots in UEFI and not in legacy mode.


EDIT:
Would this work?
get_recently_used(){
 find "${1:-.}" -type f -printf '%TY-%Tm-%Td %TH:%TM %P\n' 2>/dev/null | sort | tail -n "${2:-10}";
}

For those who don't want this to be enabled:
This should work, (if I'm not wrong?)
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.privacy remember-recent-files false
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.privacy remember-app-usage false
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.privacy recent-files-max-age 0


“Waited for * || true but it wasn't there ” apt error

This means that you somehow screwed up your configuration scripts, the reason why this is happening is because DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt || true";}; doesn't exist in your scripts so you may have to create it:

sudo sh -c "echo 'DPkg::Pre-Install-Pkgs {"/usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure --apt ||       true";};' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/70debconf"

Now retry your install.

thanks to Braiam for this answer


I am getting a blank screen after opening the laptop lid (resume from standby)

Have you tried moving your mouse a bit after resuming - on my machine I get a black screen after resuming and I have to move my mouse a bit to get the login screen.
Does hibernate work properly?
What is your ACPI state? Can you switch it around and try again?
Are you running a stock kernel?

The last two comments in this bug entry indicate that the R51 does not resume from suspend properly, although it did work in previous versions. What you could do is follow these two debugging guides and submit your results to the bugs:

Debugging Kernel Suspend Hibernate Resume
Debugging Kernel Suspend

Also, can you try the one suggestion from the bug above? I mean this one:

  I also have this on a second tier laptop. And it only started about 2 weeks ago. If I go to system > preferences > power > on AC power and switch from suspend when lid closed to hibernate and then back again, make as default, it works sometimes.


How do I import email, settings etc. from 10.10 for Thunderbird in 12.04?

If you have no useful Thunderbird settings on the new computer, it might be easiest to just copy your Thunderbird profile over directly.

First exit Thunderbird and move its settings out of the way with the following commands in a terminal:

cd ~
mv .thunderbird thunderbird.bak

Now copy over your old Thunderbird settings (assuming the other drive is accessible somewhere):

cp -a /path/to/old/home/dir/.thunderbird .

When you start Thunderbird again, it should be using the settings from your old drive.

If things do not go as planned, you can recover the settings from your new drive with:

rm -rf .thunderbird
mv thunderbird.bak .thunderbird


We have an offline network with a repo/mirror on it. but I can't figure out how to add it to my sources.list correctly

I'm not an expert, but I have set up my own local mirror and got it to work.

I'm suspicious of the ./ in the line you added to sources.list.  Mine looks like this:

# updated for local mirror on 2/11/18

# local main & restricted sources

deb ssh://my-server/apt-mirror/mirror/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
deb ssh://my-server/apt-mirror/mirror/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
deb ssh://my-server/apt-mirror/mirror/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted

# local universe sources

deb ssh://my-server/apt-mirror/mirror/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb ssh://my-server/apt-mirror/mirror/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
deb ssh://my-server/apt-mirror/mirror/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe

# local multiverse sources

deb ssh://my-server/apt-mirror/mirror/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb ssh://my-server/apt-mirror/mirror/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
deb ssh://my-server/apt-mirror/mirror/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse

I use ssh instead of http, but that is not the difference I am trying to point out.

I think you need to edit your sources.list and add the proper text after the URL.


Errors while upgrading from 16.04 to 16.10

Remove non-ubuntu repository click then when you get this error again:

    Setting up click-apparmor (0.3.17) ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/click", line 37, in <module>
    import click
ImportError: No module named 'click'
dpkg: error processing package click-apparmor (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1

Rename click-apparmor post-installation script to skip it, using:

sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/click-apparmor.postinst /var/lib/dpkg/info/click-apparmor.postinst.backup

Continue the stuck installation:

sudo apt-get install -f

Install Ubuntu repository click python modules

sudo apt install python3-click-package python3-click python-click

If it works, put back that post-installation script

sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/click-apparmor.postinst.backup /var/lib/dpkg/info/click-apparmor.postinst
sudo dpkg-reconfigure click-apparmor


Which debconf preseed option to install GRUB automatically to MBR?

It is advised to install GRUB bootloader to MBR (this will replace current bootloader from MBR) after installation. Because MBR tells GRUB to load when the system is booted.

I found this how to make it react for MBR

# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR
# if no other operating system is detected on the machine.
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true

# This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if it also finds some other
# OS, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS.
d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true

and this if you don't want to install in MBR

# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr,
# uncomment and edit these lines:
#d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false
#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false
#d-i grub-installer/bootdev  string (hd0,0)
# To install grub to multiple disks:
#d-i grub-installer/bootdev  string (hd0,0) (hd1,0) (hd2,0)

these configurations are taken from Debian Lenny's preseed file here

this one is helpful for other examples


After 15.10 to 16.04 update some characters became unreadable

For some reason Chrome keeps defaulting to Noto Sans CJK Thin.
Simplest solution is to replace the NotoSans font bundled with Ubuntu with just the regular weight.

Idea sparked by noto-sans-cjk-thin-font-issue

In short:

download
https://noto-website-2.storage.googleapis.com/pkgs/NotoSansCJK-Regular.ttc.zip
chmod 644 on the downloaded font
replace /usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto/NotoSansCJK.ttc with the downloaded version

Benefit: no thin browser font rendering.

Drawback: no font weights other than regular!


Prevent new file manager window when USB disk wakes up

The solution to prevent the opening of a FM window is: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb#Stop_cluttering_the_desktop
My Xubuntu 16.04 machine seems to act upon a 'wake-up from hibernation' signal as if it came from a newly mounted drive.
The only difference now is that a new mount gives a notification on my screen and the wake-up of the drive does not.


Ubuntu 12.10 w/ Kernel 3.7.0.7 and Open Source Driver RESUME/BRIGHTNESS CONTROL

Concerning the brighhtness settings, do the following:

Enter your grub file as root:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

and edit the file as follows:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="splash acpi_backlight=vendor"
 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_backlight=vendor"

That should work, I also have switchable graphics on my dv6

*edit: Sry, I forgot that you have to update your grub file after editing it:

sudo update-grub


Unable to run Homeworld-sdl in ubuntu 14.04 32 bit

The error

Assertion 'p' failed at pulsecore/memblock.c:836, function
pa_mempool_block_size_max(). Aborting.

means that the program, in a consistency check, found something that is not supposed to happen. Dazed and confused (cit), it is aborting because it doesn't know how to continue.

This is clearly a bug of the software, which is an alpha release, so that's not surprising --- in that page is stated that users at this stage are "brave souls".

Th correct thing to do under the Open Source point of view is to report it to the developers and help them to get it solved. They have a link to a forum in the homepage.

BTW: at a second glance, it seems that the  last update to the page was in 2007. So it seems that the project is quite abandoned --- or moved to another place.


No network devices available eventhough I can online

Check the content of the following file through terminal command :

sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

It should be something like :

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

unless you have some other services running related to networking like hotspot or any other.


Google Chrome ignores XmodMap key mapping

In issue 394552, one of the user notes that if you set the keymap to be a key that Chromium understands (such as a letter key), it respects the keymap.

Hence, going from the recommendation here, I set the down arrow key to map to the F18 key (which as far I can see, would never be pressed :P). So the contents of my .Xmodmap file is now:

  keycode 116 = F18 F18 F18

I have tested with this new keymap and Chrome now seems to be behaving itself, like the other programs.


Audio Works Only When Microphone Does Not- Issue with Headset

You can use Pulse audio volume control (pavucontrol , install it eventually ) :
especially in the input devices tab, try to make usb mic the default device with the corresponding button. Also see "configuration" tab and test other profiles  .
If no luck, use Alsamixer (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Audio/Alsamixer) to tweak mic settings . (press F6 select usb device)


I want to make every window as transparent with font as opaque (as gnome terminal capabality)

This is possible in GNOME, XFCE and LXDE with librgba, but it can cause problems with many programs (so much so that I stopped using it for now and don't recommend it any more). It is also possible in KDE with a special version of Oxygen, but I also would not recommend this as it is currently unsupported and possibly buggy.
You need assign the shortcuts to buttons 5 and 4 or 5 and 6 (usually). Sometimes however it may be other buttons, so keep trying till you find the correct buttons.
In 11.10 Compiz will still be used as a requirement for Unity, and probably with GNOME Classic. Mutter is used in GNOME Shell and can optionally be used with GNOME Classic and similar desktop environments.

When asking questions please keep it down to a single question.


Do commands continue running after I close my ssh session?

It depends.

If you're closing a SSH session, you're logged out and all active programs are killed. This might become problematic if you've frequent connection drops and therefore it's recommended to use the screen program in a SSH session if you do not want to loose your session on exit.

Most programs are gone after a closed SSH connection if they're run on the command line, e.g. nano or apt-get. do-release-upgrade also uses screen and won't be interrupted by a connection drop.


Webkit - how to test your website on Safari 10?

I installed midori browser which usess the webkit rendering engine.  I managed to reproduce the error on a page that was initially found using a safari browser.


You probably added GMail webapp to your launcher on the left hand side. Remove it and GMail   should also disappear in the Messaging Menu.
In order to do so, right click the GMail icon on the launcher and choose "Remove from the launcher".


How To Use i18n.tr in Ubuntu Touch Projects

Take a look at TouchWriter code and especially its README, where all needed commands are given.

Quick summary

You need to bind the text domain before using gettext. In C++ you can do it like this:

bindtextdomain("domainname", "somedir");
textdomain("domainname");

In Qml you can probably do something like this:

i18n.bindtextdomain("domainname", "somedir");
i18n.domain = "domainname";

Be sure to do that before 18n.tr is used.
To generate .pot template and source .po files, use these commands:

xgettext -C --qt --keyword=tr -p somedir -o messages.pot
msginit -i somedir/messages.pot -o somedir/somelanguage.po

(replace somedir with the directory your domain is bound to, and somelanguage with the language you want to translate to).
To generate .mo files from source .po files, use msgfmt po-file -o mo-file command.
Compiled .mo files should be placed inside a directory you bound the text domain to, more specifically in

somedir/somelanguage/LC_MESSAGES/domainname.mo

(replace somedir, somelanguage and domainname with your values).


This could be caused if /tmp as previously mounted to a drive or partition that has been removed or Ubuntu is having trouble recognizing.

The first place to look would be in fstab this will list the parts of the file system and where they are mounted. Look at the line with /tmp and check what drive it is mounted to it might be something like /dev/sdb1  this will correspond to a physical drive that may have been removed or failed.

Posting the output of fstab would be quite helpful.


Kubuntu will not boot after repartitioning internal drive

Using testdisk I was able to locate the file system and restore the majority of my files. I think the main problem was trying to expand the partition from the starting block without properly moving the file system blocks.


Suspend Ubuntu after 10 minutes but keep awake for certain period

Go to System->Controll Center->Power Management Preferences and choose Put computer to sleep when inactive to 10 minutes.

You can make wake up your computer automatically with rtcwake comand.
Have a look here:

http://www.howtogeek.com/121241/how-to-make-your-linux-pc-wake-from-sleep-automatically/

You also set the the timer (firstly run sudo su -) in /etc/crontab to be run each day.

0 0 * * * rtcwake -m mem -l -t $(date +%s -d ‘tomorrow 00:00’)
5 6 * * * echo mem > /sys/power/state`

Sorry for the late replay, I had a busy day yesterday.


Which folders to restore from full system backup after harddisk change?

The error you experienced is because you restored your /etc/fstab file from your backup. Every partition has a unique identifier (uuid) which is used to mount the required root partition at boot time, even when the disk order has changed for some reason.

For a backup of settings in etc, you should be very selective and only backup things you changed manually. For normal backups I would recommend /home/* and run dpkg --get-selections > my-installed-apps and restore home and run dpkg --set-selections < my-installed-apps to restore everything.


What can I do to improve my computer's speed when using Ubuntu?

Your computer seems to have enough power to run Ubuntu, either 14.04 or 15.04 will run fine but you may experience some "slowness" issues when trying to do the work, commonly based on several things, which may include, but not only limited to:

RAM: Yes, it matters.
Microprocessor speed: Yes, it does also matter.
Your Graphic Cards (GPU): Have you considered that your computer can be fast enough to process everything, but not too fast in order to "draw" everything on screen? This is usually solved by checking the proper "Additional Drivers" installation and/or setting up the proper Graphics Resolution (Please have in mind that some GPU's won't be able to "draw" fast on certain screen resolutions, and reducing the screen size will help a lot).
Your Hard Disk Drive speed: Which is -nowadays- the cause of the majority of the slowness in modern equipment. Remember that the delays on your hard disk drive read/write rates will result in a slower performance.
Among other drivers/hardware based issues...

But, if you wish to have the benefits of working with Linux and more specifically Ubuntu, in a low resources computer, please have in consideration the next list of advices:

Please consider using the 32 bits version of the regular Ubuntu LTS
Using Ubuntu "out of the box" may result in a nightmare if your computer is not ready to perform Graphical Accelerated Tasks, such as 3D rendering, smoothing in the on-screen effects, overlay, etc. So, the usage of a different Desktop Environment or Window Manager will represent a major benefit to your computer's OS. Personally I use the i3WM in a low resources computer such as a Compaq Mini CQ10 and an Acer Aspire One ZG5. But you can also use the KUbuntu Desktop (KDE) in which against all odds, you'll have a faster experience when working on the majority of the applications and/or browsing your files and the web.
Remember there are lots of different desktop environments which will represent a major benefit for your experience, but don't forget to adjust your screen resolution in order to lease the pain on your graphics processing unit (GPU) thus releasing resources which can be used for a different purpose on your system.

That's where I would start and I suggest you to try these advices and let us know about your experiences on this.

Good luck!


Can ubuntu be used to print from school networked printers?

Yes you can and we even have a document on the ubuntu.com website. From the link:

Overview

Ubuntu supports printer sharing over networks, so you can print from your Ubuntu machine, your Windows machine, etc, to another Ubuntu or Windows machine that has a printer attached (ie a "Ubuntu print server" or "Windows print server").

Background

Ubuntu uses the Common UNIX Printing System ("CUPS") to handle printing. CUPS uses the Internet Printing Protocol ("IPP") as the basis for managing print jobs and queues. Other protocols are also supported (LPD, SMB, AppSocket a.k.a. JetDirect), some with reduced functionality.

CUPS printer configuration and management is handled by the Printer Admin utility launched from the Gnome menu - System -> Administration -> Printing (If the menu item does not exist you need to add system-config-printer to the menu). Also IPP provides web services so after you have configured CUPS appropriately, you can access the printers and jobs via your web browser.

When a locally attached printer is defined, eg using the Printer Admin utility, that printer is automatically published from this "print server" host to the network, depending on the server directives in the CUPS configuration file. A remote Ubuntu "client" host can then be able to see and use the printer attached to the server. The network printer automatically appears in the client's Printer Admin utility. It simply pops up if CUPS is up and configured correctly and disappears if you stop CUPS at either the Print Server or your local machine.

More about this in the link.

Dash->Printers

In the "printer set up dialog" there is a server->settings option at the top where you can set for the system to scan for network printers. In 14.04 it looks like this:

"Publish shared printers connected to this server" needs to be selected and when searching for printers it will also scan for network printers. After that is a matter of selecting and adding the printers found.


Where can I find an updated asus-wmi-dkms package for Asus N56V?

0) install quantal kernel headers
  1) tar zxvf asus-wmi.tar.gz to /usr/src/
  2) sudo dkms build -m asus-wmi -v 999.01
  3) sudo dkms install -m asus-wmi -v 999.01

Source: http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=12086401&postcount=27


sharing files between a Windows7 host and a guest Ubuntu running inside virtualbox

For shared folders functionality we need the following:

How do I install Guest Additions in a VirtualBox VM?
Prerequisites for shared folders in Ubuntu
Automount shared folders

From my experience the naming of the shares is most prone to issues. Take care to use different names for the share and the mountpoint even if it may be tempting to use the same name.

A somehow easier way to share date from the host to the guest, and more importantly from the guest to the host we may also consider to use Samba for network file access.


Thunderbird is missing local folders structure even though they exist in ~/.thunderbird

The directory on Local\ Folders was incorrect, it pointed to a folder below this level. correcting that solved my problem.


I got it to work by changing ownership from messagebus.adm to syslog.adm, and then restarting rsyslog.

Kind of disturbing that this broke silently. Given this experience I am not terribly confident that the other log files are owned properly.  Here's what I have currently:

-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root         0 May  1 06:31 alternatives.log
drwxr-x--- 2 root       adm       4096 Jun  9 06:46 apache2
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 Jun  1 06:48 apt
-rw-r----- 1 messagebus adm          0 Oct 22  2012 auth.log
-rw-r----- 1 root       adm          0 Oct 22  2012 boot
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root         0 Oct 22  2012 boot.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root         0 Oct 22  2012 bootstrap.log
-rw-rw---- 1 root       utmp      2688 Jun  6 10:31 btmp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 Oct 18  2012 ConsoleKit
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 Oct 16  2012 dist-upgrade
-rw-r----- 1 root       adm      11669 Jun  6 13:16 dmesg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root     24494 Jun  6 11:30 dpkg.log
-rw-r----- 1 root       adm        117 Jun  9 06:46 fail2ban.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root     24024 Apr 11 10:36 faillog
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root      1202 Apr 10 19:13 fontconfig.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 Oct 18  2012 fsck
drwxr-xr-x 3 root       root      4096 Oct 18  2012 installer
-rw-r----- 1 messagebus adm          0 Oct 22  2012 kern.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 syslog     root      4096 Oct 18  2012 landscape
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root       utmp    292292 Jun  9 10:38 lastlog
-rw-r----- 1 messagebus adm          0 Oct 22  2012 mail.err
-rw-r----- 1 messagebus adm          0 Oct 22  2012 mail.log
drwxr-s--- 2 mysql      adm       4096 Jun  9 06:46 mysql
-rw-r----- 1 mysql      adm          0 Apr 29 07:48 mysql.err
-rw-r----- 1 mysql      adm          0 Jun  9 06:46 mysql.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 Oct 18  2012 news
drwxr-xr-x 2 ntp        ntp       4096 Aug 20  2012 ntpstats
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody     nogroup   4096 Apr 10 23:00 passenger-analytics
-rw-r----- 1 syslog     adm       3538 Jun  9 11:10 syslog
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 May 24  2012 sysstat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root    285653 Jun  6 13:15 udev
-rw-r----- 1 messagebus adm          0 Oct 22  2012 ufw.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 Jun  8 06:29 upstart
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root       utmp     44928 Jun  9 10:38 wtmp

Does this look correct?

Edit: related discussion here.


I had trouble while trying install Telegram on Ubuntu

First, I'd like to point out a common mistake that newbies make. I'm pretty sure you typed the command wrong. It's sudo apt-get install telegram-desktop, not sudo apt-get install telegramm desktop. Hence, instead of trying to find the package telegram-desktop, it looked for the packages telegramm and desktop - since those packages don't exist, you get two errors in return.

Now, everything else on the video seems to be fine. If you followed the steps correctly up to this point, you should already have the NoobsLab "repository" (package source) and the only missing step is to type the installation command properly (that apt-get) and let the computer do its work. It's that simple.

P.S.: Please, next time give more information about your problem. For example, the step of the tutorial where everything gets wrong. It's only because it's an obvious problem to me that I could reply to you - otherwise, we'd have to do more research than necessary. This is a community where people aren't getting paid for helping, this is done in our spare time. Thank you for understanding.


Choose the folder you want to use for Load Balancing Indicator
Press Ctrl+Alt+T.
Type cd /path/to/lbdfolder
Type wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/craig/ge.mine.nu/master/lbd/lbd.sh
Type chmod +x lbd.sh
Usage ./lbd.sh domain [port] {https}


Removing cron spam from /var/log/auth.log on 18.04 Server

You will need to examine all the cron locations: /etc/cron.d/ and /etc/crontab and crontab -l and /etc/pam.d/cron for that user. There will be a line in one of those that triggers this.


VPN between Ubuntu server AND Cisco device

Found my answer in this post: What is an IPsec Site-to-Site VPN?


Auto clicker that let's me select region and continue using the mouse elsewhere

There are few auto clickers are also available for Linux ubuntu.
Previously I was using the xdotool and it is the same as many auto clickers which is available for Windows PC.
You can Install the Xdotool by running this command.
sudo apt install xdotool

and, You can launch it by running this command.
xdotool click --repeat 100 --delay 18 1

Meanwhile, there is one alternative that is also available. I am using autoclicker.io and it works pretty well for me.


Acer Laptop Hangs at Ubuntu Installation

I am a relative newbie but have just rebuilt my old laptop with Ubuntu 14.04.

If you have an internal DVD build a boot DVD on a friends machine. Boot from that and you will be able to check out your hardware is all ok or not!

If no DVD then you may be able to build a bootable USB dongle but I have never tried.

PS does your machine only have a solid state disk drive? The install could have problems with drivers for it.


How can I configure Alt+Tab and the launcher to only show apps in the current workspace?

I don't know how to do this with the default Unity switcher, but you could use one of the other switchers compiz offers: Shift Switcher, Ring Switcher, Application Switcher, Static Application Switcher. They are found under "Window Manager" in ccsm (CompizConfig Settings Manager). You can disable the Alt+Tab binding for the switcher in the "Unity Plugin" in ccsm, and enable one of these switchers and configure their bindings as you wish.


run:

sudo chmod -R 644 /usr/share/applications
sudo chmod 755 /usr/share/applications

And your back where you started.

Chris added:

  chmod changes the permissions of each given file
  according to mode, where mode describes the permissions to modify.
  Mode can be specified with octal numbers or with letters.

  A better
  place to put custom applications, etc is usually under: /usr/local, so
  /usr/local/share/applications in this case, maybe this helps as well:
  tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/usr.html

Linux filesystem hierarchy, easy reading: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LinuxFilesystemTreeOverview

Read more on "chmod" here: http://ss64.com/bash/chmod.html


Shift+Alt+Down does not work as Shortcut for PHPStorm or any other app Ubuntu 18.04

Try a basic keyboard configuration. In my 16.04 and 18.04 it is setup like this:

$ cat /etc/default/keyboard
# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE

# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.

XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="us"
XKBVARIANT=""
XKBOPTIONS=""

BACKSPACE="guess"

There is a bug report: Unable to use  shortcuts with  keyboard layout switcher on Ubuntu MATE, 16.04 (with HWE), 17.10 and 18.04 LTS

Unfortunately the bug report has no fix yet.

Fortunately there is a solution that might work posted by Norbert in another forum: Keyboard layout switching problems and poll:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nrbrtx/xorg-hotkeys
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Please read both links thoroughly before proceeding.


This is in fact the same password you use when you login your user.

Make sure you not have Caps-Lock activated and so on. Unless you messed something up greatly this should work. You should be even able to switch to the super-user by using sudo su, sudo -i and such commands, which is not recommended because in this case you forfeit the security layer which keeps you from messing up things.


Python (v2.7) requires to install plugins to play media files of the following type: Windows Media Audio 8 decoder

No need to spend this ridiculous amount of money on some codecs! Use it to make a donation or buy some flowers instead. This is a free way:

Make sure to install both mplayer and lame. To do this open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T or Super+T) and paste (Ctrl+Shift+V) the following line and hit Enter to run:

sudo apt-get install mplayer lame

Enter your password when prompted.

Then navigate to the folder containing your WMAs and run the following command in the same terminal:

for i in *.wma ; do mplayer -vo null -vc dummy -af resample=44100 -ao pcm:waveheader "$i" && lame -m j -h --vbr-new -b 320 audiodump.wav -o "`basename "$i" .wma`.mp3"; done; rm -f audiodump.wav

This will create 320 kbps MP3s in the same directory, keeping the original files. These MP3s will not contain ID3 data (title, artist, album, etc). GMusicBrowser is excellent for modifying this information.

Thanks to Rory Alsop for the one-line script which needed a slight update. Here he also shows how to make it so that you can run this script in the future by typing a single word in the terminal.


Error on Starting computer after upgrade

Good morning,

If you can get to the terminal or from CTRL+ALT+F1 try sudo dpkg --configure -a . If that doesn't work try this option sudo apt-get install --fix-missing . If you can't get into your standard build try using this in recovery mode.

Thanks.


Why does my Ubuntu 12.10 not look like examples in Ask Ubuntu?

You can easily install different desktop envoirements. Therefore, you can 100% modify your desktop.

If you are novice, you ought to know that.

In the given thread they probably use gnome or Unity. But those screens only show the content of a given window, so it's hard to tell.


What is the name of the text to the left of a command (as typed in a terminal) called?

It's called the primary prompt string, set by the shell according to the PS1 environment variable. This is usually set per user basis, for interactive shells only, (usually) defined in ~/.bashrc with the default as \s-\v\$.

On my system:

$ echo "$PS1"
\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\W\$

and expanded to:

username@hostname:pwd$

Check the PROMPTING section of man bash to see what each token does.


Having problem while starting apache server

I had the same problem running on a virtual server.  Turns out that /var/lock is a symbolic link to /run/lock, which didn't exist.  I solved it like this:

sudo mkdir /run/lock

Then restart Apache:

sudo service apache2 restart

Hope it works for you.


My Ubuntu server shows tmux: need UTF-8 locale (LC_CTYPE) but have ANSI_X3.4-1968 when I try to run tmux. How can I fix it?


How do I get my web server to serve via a public ip?

I'm familiar with that brand of router. Port forwarding looks correct. I suggest checking your UFW rules on your server. You can run this command to allow traffic destined for port 80 in UFW

sudo ufw allow 80

If you're still having issues, try disabling UFW, and see if you can access it.

sudo ufw disable


You can install Ubuntu on your Elementary / partition and select the Elemantary /home as your Ubuntu /home.

The data on the /home will not be deleted.

You need to take in account that user specific settings will stay as well. That may cause some conflicts with the new DE.

A better way is to create a new user in Ubuntu and transfer files to the new user home directory. Then delete the old user. That will get all settings cleaned.


Partition Scheme Ubuntu 18.04.2 Server with 2TBHDD

/home --> 550G

Far too big. On a server you should put personal files on a separate data partition,

/var --> 200G
/var/mail --> 75G
/usr --> 20G

Why are you limiting youself by creating these partitions?

Just create symlinks or change the settings to set your personal files to your data partition. A mysql database file, apache webserver, your mail etc all have a config file where you can change the location of the files that hold your data.

Partioning your system directories is a thing of the past. Keep /, a swap if you want BUT we nowadays use a swapfile, make a smallish home (even 50Gb is overkill) and make 1 big personal data partition. Easy to backup your own files and you can keep a script there that can reset changes you made to the default Ubuntu. Easy if you want to upgrade your systen: format / and /home. reattach your partition, run the script to change the changes you made and you are good to go.


Having problem installing Matlab on ubuntu

This page states that, for Java, matlab requires two things, neither of which your system has:

JDK 1.7 (You have 1.6)
The Oracle JDK (you have the OpenJDK) (Note: It doesn't explicitly state this, but it links to the Oracle website)

You can fix both in one step by following the instructions in this askUbuntu answer

For gcc, it wants versoin 4.7 or higher. You have 4.6. See this askUbuntu answer on how to solve that.

I didn't ask for your gfortran version, and I'm unsure of how to get it. Verify that your gfortran is at least 4.7 as well.