I saw the boot-info you provided.

This is an attempt to fix the corrupted filesystem

Possible data loss!!

You can apply this Only when you haven't any other options to rescue your data or to fix the problem

Boot from a LiveCD/Usb of Ubuntu. Open a terminal and do

sudo mke2fs -n /dev/sda6

The /dev/sda6 partition is the partition where Ubuntu was installed and now is corrupted.

Above command will provide you with a list of Superblock backups stored on blocks

Take one number from there (usually the first one) and then apply bellow command

sudo e2fsck -y -b block_location /dev/sda6

Where block_location replace it with the (first) number from the results of Superblock backups stored on blocks

When this finish , run the boot-repair program and select the [Recommended Repair] option.

If everything else fails

As a last resort you can re-install Ubuntu without format the partition. After all is about what ? 10-15 minutes.
Boot from LiveCD-Usb and select install. Then at the installer window click on "something else" and then take a look at these two pictures and you will figure out what you must do.


making a bash script executable programatically

There are two things you need to do:

Reference the script interpreter at the beginning of the script:

#!/bin/bash

Set the permissions to make it executable:

chmod +x myscript.sh


atkbd.c spamming the logs. How to get rid? what is this?

Try this:

Shut down your laptop.
Unplug the power cord from your laptop, and unplug it also from the
power outlet.
Remove the battery from your laptop.
Press and hold the Power button for 2 to 3 seconds.
Repeat this 2 to 3 times.
Reinstall the battery (at least 30 seconds should have gone by since you removed it).
Plug the power cord back into your laptop (while leaving the power cord unplugged from the wall outlet)
Press and hold the Power button again for 2 to 3 seconds.
Repeat this 2 to 3 times.
Plug the power cord into the wall outlet.
Start your laptop


Wireless Card Driver for Dell Mini 1012 using Ubuntu 12.04?

Try with b43. Type in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install b43-fwcutter

Since Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal additional installation of the package firmware-b43-installer can be helpful and/or necessary, respectively:

sudo apt-get install b43-fwcutter firmware-b43-installer

Under the desktop menu System > Administration > Hardware/Additional Drivers, the b43 drivers can be activated for use.

Restart.


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Network Manager overwrites static network interface

The issue was Network Manager. NM is supposed to ignore explicit interfaces in the /etc/network/interfaces file. However, it appears you need to RESTART the service:

$ sudo service network-manager restart
$
$ nmcli dev status
DEVICE     TYPE              STATE
p1p2       802-3-ethernet    unavailable
p1p1       802-3-ethernet    unavailable
em4        802-3-ethernet    unavailable
em3        802-3-ethernet    unavailable
em2        802-3-ethernet    unmanaged
em1        802-3-ethernet    unmanaged

And now the static IP is not being overwritten by Network Manager. The "unmanaged" state of the 2nd interface (or whatever interface you may be working on) is what we are looking for.

tl;dr: After adding an interface to the interfaces file, restart the network-manager service.


How can I install/view the grub file that a recent upgrade was providing but I accidentally ignored?

I also rejected the edit to my modified /etc/default/grub after examining it in the dialog

I found the proposed version cached in /var/lib/ucf/cache

You can see it:

less /var/lib/ucf/cache/:etc:default:grub

you can see what's different:

diff /var/lib/ucf/cache/:etc:default:grub /etc/default/grub

To directly overwrite your current /etc/default/grub with the proposed version, first making a backup copy of the current one:

sudo cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub-backup
sudo mv /var/lib/ucf/cache/:etc:default:grub /etc/default/grub

Or to edit your current etc/default/grub to make changes yourself

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

If you make a change, don't forget to run

sudo update-grub


How to completely uninstall gnome-shell and all extensions?

This command will perform the uninstallation:

sudo apt-get purge gnome-shell-*


I think you're going at it the wrong way. You are having dependency issues trying to install MySQL Workbench 6.0.9, when you could easily install MySQL Workbench 6.0.8 in Ubuntu 14.04 from the Ubuntu Software Center or from the terminal using the command:

sudo apt-get install mysql-workbench


Will 2x Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU N2840 @2.16GHz support 64bit Ubuntu18.04?

The short answer is yes but it will probably be slower than you hope. cpubenchmark.net rates that CPU at 1004. I have an Athlon 64 X2 3800+ which it rates as 958. It is in a system with 2GB of RAM running Ubuntu 18.04. It will do a few things well (fileserver, usenet, torrentz), but I'd never use it to browse the internet or play movies or anything that I wanted it to respond me in real time.

I'm also curious about what the 2x in "I have : 2x Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU N2840 @2.16GHz." Does that mean you have 2 CPUs? If so I'm curious about the motherboard, RAM, etc.


Unable to view the contents in USB in Virtual Box

In Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager select your VM and click settings, then click USB.  You will see USB settings menu.  Check off Enable USB controller, select USB 2.0 Controller, click add new USB filter (the icon with the green plus) and choose your USB drive from the list.  With this filter in place when the guest starts up, it will attach this hardware to itself effectively taking it away from the host operating system.  Then click OK and start up your guest.

Make sure you have Virtualbox extension pack installed.


How to input command on new line after current path?


multi-monitor organize desktop by name bug

Yes I am having the same problem.. I click "organize desktop by name" then the icons go off screen and I have to ctrl-A to bring them back into view.


I too have Oneiric and the same tablet. If it is one of the new series (mine is 00df, you can know it typing in the terminal "lsusb"). I have found one recent item on how to solve the problem. There is a repository for not to compile the driver and add them to the kernel. Here is the link:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1515562
 I have tried it and now the tablet works very well in ubuntu (also the touch). I have used it in Mypaint and inkscape. I have installed gimp 2.7.4 (because 2.6.x has a bug) and seems that can work, but I must learn how to setting the parameter.


Can't run Unigine_Valley-1.0.run file - "archive type not supported"

I opened terminal and wrote in cd /mnt/sdc3/Downloads to access my Downloads folder where I had downloaded the file Unigine_Valley-1.0.run and then entered the file name ./Unigine_Valley-1.0.run and my benchmark utility installation began correctly.


For anyone who has this problem, I figured out what it is. AMD no longer provides drivers for the graphics card in this machine, and the open source drivers Ubuntu uses are too inefficient for the MBP's tiny fans to keep up. The solution would be to somehow find proprietary AMD drivers, or install an older distro that comes with better ATI support.


Could not get lock error when trying to install wine

This simply means that some other command running somewhere else on the system is running dpkg (your bottom line package installer).  Check all terminal tabs / software center / software updater stuff to see if you have any commands that have not terminated, such as:

apt upgrade
apt install xyz
apt -f install
dpkg xyz
...

As mentioned by user535733, turning off your computer is probably not the best idea, since if something is running in the background, shutting down the computer could result in dependency issues which prevent the computer from starting.

Other ideas for finding running dpkg or apt commands include looking in top / htop, or simply running

ps -e | grep dpkg
ps -e | grep apt


How do I create a swap partition using parted?

Assuming you use parted on the /dev/sda disk device and you have created the primary ext4 partition on /dev/sda2

$ sudo parted /dev/sda
(parted) mkpart
Partition type? primary/extended? primary
File system type? [ext2]? linux-swap
Start? 0%
End? 100%

Then you need to format the swap filesystem and turn it on

$ sudo mkswap /dev/vdb2
$ sudo swapon --all --verbose
swapon on /dev/sda2
swapon: /dev/sda2: found swap signature: version 1, page-size 4, same byte order
swapon: /dev/sda2: pagesize=4096, swapsize=2147483648, devsize=2147483648

Add it to /etc/fstab so that it will be mounted on every reboot.

$ sudo vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0

Ubuntu's guide on Swap is pretty comprehensive.


For Ubuntu 18.04: Show Applications -> Settings -> Dock -> Position on screen: Left, Bottom, Right:


How to set up an Ubuntu 10.04 machine to accept ssh requests only from within the local network?

You have to edit the two configuration files /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny (you can get a detailed explanation of the format with man hosts_access):

etc/hosts.allow:

sshd: 192.168.1.

etc/hosts.deny:

sshd: ALL

In both cases you could replace sshd with ALL, then these rules would not only apply to the ssh server but to all other daemons that might be running.


The source code says you can execute it with -h to get help.
Does that work?
Just a guess, as documentation usou should probably specify a .enc file to convert...


Email Application That stores Messages as Single Files

A small test shows that Sylpheed (in the repositories) stores emails as single files in ~/Mail.  Or, as it sais here:

The MH format has less possibility of losing mails on failures since one file corresponds to one mail.

Sylpheed is the default email application in Lubuntu.

~/Mail/sent

~/Mail/inbox


according to man page

   nmcli radio {all | wifi | wwan} [ARGUMENTS...]

   Show radio switches status, or enable and disable the switches.

   wifi [on | off]
       Show or set status of Wi-Fi in NetworkManager. If no arguments are supplied, Wi-Fi
       status is printed; on enables Wi-Fi; off disables Wi-Fi.

   wwan [on | off]
       Show or set status of WWAN (mobile broadband) in NetworkManager. If no arguments are
       supplied, mobile broadband status is printed; on enables mobile broadband, off
       disables it.

   all [on | off]
       Show or set all previously mentioned radio switches at the same time.

nmcli radio wifi on


How to merge values from two different text files?

Since your files appear to contain sorted data, you should be able to use the join command e.g.

join -12 -21 -t: -o1.1,2.2 file1.txt file2.txt > output.txt

Then

cat output.txt
a2:c1
a4:c2
a5:c3

See man join for details of the options.

If the files are not pre-sorted, then you can sort them first using process substitution. Note however that the sort must be on the field on which you want to join the files e.g.

join -12 -21 -t: -o1.1,2.2 <(sort -t: -k2,2 file1.txt) <(sort -k1,1 file2.txt)
androgynous:hu2nt
gra7vel:fi6nal
cosm4etic:citizen

The result will also be in sorted order: if you don't want that, then there is a fairly standard way to do this kind of thing in awk using an array e.g.

awk -F: 'NR==FNR {a[$2]=$1; next;} ($1 in a) {print a[$1]":"$2;}' file1.txt file2.txt


Remove arrows on system tray menus in gnome

This extension/work around could be of some help if you have to get rid of the drop down menus which are default in gnome 3.8+ gnome-shell-remove-dropdown-arrows


How to enlarge indicators and window buttons in Unity?

The answer is DPI - dots per inch.

Easily changed in the Appearance applet.

A quick search brought up this helpful walkthrough by Kevin van Zonneveld:
http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net/techblog/article/fit_more_on_one_screen_using_dpi/


This solution came from the comments of the above post. (The reason I am writing a solution instead of a comment is I do not have the reputation currently to write a comment and I wanted to let people know that this worked for me).

I installed libssl-dev using:

sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

Then I ran

make clean

Then

make

After this it worked for me.
Thank you to above commenters for clearing that up.


Live CD works OK. Is it OK to assume a new install will work?

Yes and no. The Live CD is a great method of trying Ubuntu before you decided to install it properly, but you also have to remember the Live CD is running off default drivers and not the ones actually in your laptop. So for example, your graphics card will not actually be fully used as the driver for it will not be active.

If the Live CD runs Ubuntu quite well, then you can assume that your machine can at least run Ubuntu, but again, until your hardware is utilized, you will not know for sure.

The best way to find out if your laptop is compatible is to search for your laptop in google with ubuntu in the search query to see if anything interesting comes up. Sometimes, another person may have submitted a bug report or review about how successful there install was and this can be very helpful to you, if you encounter problems.

Hope that helps.


Ubuntu 13.04 Daily won't boot at all in upstream VirtualBox

Just typed 'sudo lightdm' in tty1 and that seemed to start it... (facepalm)
Sometimes however, that doesn't work as a reliable workaround. lightdm got an update today and it doesn't fix the problem. Will report on Launchpad.


How to write umlaut and other non a-z characters in xfig

You can try adding a new input source in Settings -> Region and Language


Foxit is a good and feature-rich PDF reader. Moreover Foxit is available for Windows too. You can connect the software to the cloud to sync your changes to a document accross multiple devices, be it Windows or Ununtu. I'd suggest going with it.

You can download it from the official website:

https://www.foxitsoftware.com/downloads/

If you need help installing it, here's a guide that might help:

http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2015/09/install-foxit-reader-in-ubuntu/

Hope it helps.


Uninstalling 'screenkey' program that doesn't appear in Software Center or Synaptic? (16.04)

In the end, what I was seeing was a phantom Unity launcher icon. The Screenkey software had, indeed, been uninstalled. I ran locate .desktop | grep screenkey to locate the launcher shortcut definition for Screenkey and deleted the file.


I understand the gaming concerns. Use this command:

$ gsettings list-recursively | grep top.peripherals.keyboard
org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard repeat-interval uint32 30
org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard delay uint32 500
org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard repeat true

To turn off keyboard repeat use:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard repeat false

To get the current setting use:

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard repeat

If something is making it true again after 10 to 15 minutes you can set the delay from 1/2 second to 5 seconds with:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard delay 5000

That should suffice for gaming I hope.


Move files from specifically named folders / move files up one level

The following will move all .jpg files to their respective parent directories if the .jpg files are only under the directory named photos (there can be multiple directory named photos):

find . -type f -path '*/photos/*' -not -path '*/photos/*/*' -name '*.jpg' \
-execdir mv -i {} .. \;

-path '*/photos/*' will ensure that the path will contain photos but the files can only be under the the photos directory (-not -path '*/photos/*/*').

Also note that, if the directories not to travel (not photos) are fixed and smaller in numbers or has specific patterns then you might be interested in -prune too.


How to file a bug report against Ubuntu in general?

There is a link to the appropriate bugs page right there on the wiki page. Just click on the link, and then on the resulting Ubuntu-docs bugs page click on the "Report a bug" link in the upper right corner of the page. You should end up here. You will need to have a launchpad account.

Note that there is controversy over that particular wiki page because it falls under the purview the Ubuntu-docs group, but that group is not the master of the checksums.

EDIT: By the way, there is already a bug report. You can just add your comment to it.


Cheese is not working with Ubuntu 11.10 in HPG62 laptop

Problem solved: I just updated my Ubuntu 11.10 and then installed guvcview .

Now everything is working fine. Both guvcview and cheese are working.


Why won't Blizzard make Starcraft 2 compatible with Ubuntu?

Will this chicken-VS-egg problem of
  not having new top games for linux
  ever get solved?

Probably. As Linux distributions continue to get better for more and more scenarios and increase their desktop share, companies will notice Linux and push out clients.

You have to understand, porting a game is not a cheap or simple process:

Any libraries that are single-platform have to be swapped out (DirectX)
Any non-portable code has to be swapped out
(The biggest): Testing.

It basically means keeping devs working for a lot longer, hiring more testers to test on umpteen different distributions with umpteen different configurations on umpteen different hardware variants and then distributing and maintaining it.

It'll happen when these companies know they'll get a return on their investment and that's probably going to need one big company to take a risk on us and prove (or disprove) that we're a viable market for games.

At the moment, Valve looks like our best bet but even if they released Steam with all their Source Engine games today, it would be years before the likes of EA took serious notice.

In the meanwhile, Wine is getting pretty good at getting current AAA games working within a few months.


Ugly boot ubuntu 11.10 with NVidia Graphics card

NVidia drivers PPA, and upgrade:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-settings

Configuring The Right Driver

The next thing to do is to make sure that your machine uses the correct driver. To ensure that, we are going to blacklist the nouveau driver first. Open a terminal and enter the following to do so:

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

At the end of the document, add this line:

[...]

blacklist nouveau

Afterwards update your initial ram file system by entering this into a terminal:

sudo update-initramfs -u -v

Then check:

sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Find the Device section and make sure the driver is set to "nvidia". It should look somewhat like this:

[...]

Section "Device"

Driver "nvidia"

Identifier  "Default Device"

Option  "NoLogo"    "True"
EndSection

[...]

Second fix

Try this:

We will have to edit grub configuration. Open a terminal and paste this:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub    -   Hit Enter. It will open grub preferences in Gedit.

Locate the line "# GRUB_GFXMODE=800x600" (resolution may be different).

U have to change the resolution to actual resolution of your screen, for example mine is 1240x1024. Next step is to uncomment this line (remove the # and and the empty space if is, so the letter G of the word GRUB will be the first letter in this line). After u r done, save the file and close.

Now paste this line in terminal:

sudo gedit /etc/grub.d/00_header .

Hit Enter. It will open a text file with a lot of stuff. Use the search option at the top of the window to locate this line:

gfxmode=${GRUB_GFXMODE} .

After u successfully find it, u will have to add this line: "set gfxpayload=keep" (of course without the " sign) just under the gfxmode=${GRUB_GFXMODE}. Make it look like this:

set gfxmode=${GRUB_GFXMODE}
set gfxpayload=keep

Now, save the file and close.

In terminal paste:

sudo update-grub

Hit enter, it will generate new grub.cfg file so the changes u made will be saved.

Reboot and enjoy your new boot screen resolution.

In case u don't know what is your screen resolution

Go to System settings - Displays


Let's start. I preferOpenVPN solutions

OpenVPN Access Server supports a wide range of configurations, including secure remote access to internal network and/or private cloud network resources and applications with fine-grained access control. It has a mobile app for Android and iOS, so that you can access the VPN server from your smartphones too.

Install OpenVPN AS on Ubuntu/Debian

OpenVPN AS is quite easy to install and configure compared to other VPN servers.

Download the latest version of OpenVPN AS with the following commands.

wget http://swupdate.openvpn.org/as/openvpn-as-1.8.5-Ubuntu12.amd_64.deb

Install it with the following command:

xx@server1:~$ sudo dpkg -i openvpn-as-1.8.5-Ubuntu12.i386.deb
[sudo] password for xx:
 Selecting previously unselected package openvpn-as.
 (Reading database ... 53813 files and directories currently installed.)
 Unpacking openvpn-as (from openvpn-as-1.8.5-Ubuntu12.i386.deb) ...
 Setting up openvpn-as (1.8.5-Ubuntu12) ...
 The Access Server has been successfully installed in /usr/local/openvpn_as
 Configuration log file has been written to /usr/local/openvpn_as/init.log
 Please enter "passwd openvpn" to set the initial
 administrative password, then login as "openvpn" to continue
 configuration here: https://ip-address:943/admin
 To reconfigure manually, use the /usr/local/openvpn_as/bin/ovpn-init tool.

Access Server web UIs are available here:

Admin UI: https://ip-address:943/admin

Client UI: https://ip-address:943/

Now OpenVPN AS has been installed.

Setup OpenVPN Admin User and Password

During installation, a default Admin user called openvpn will be created by OpenVPN AS. Set the password for the user openvpn with the following command:

 xx@server1:~$ sudo passwd openvpn

Accessing Admin Web UI

You can access the OpenVPN Access Server Admin UI with the URL https://ip-address:943/admin/ from your browser. If you want to access it from your remote systems, allow the port 943 through your router/firewall.

A SSL warning message will appear, ignore the warning by click On the Proceed anyway button. You will be prompted to enter username and password. Enter openvpn as your username with password that you have created earlier.

After login click on Agree to accept the License Agreement.

Now you will able to access the OpenVPN Administration Console. In this Admin Console, you can do various VPN administration things. Go through every menu/tab and change the required values as per your liking, although default settings will work fine.

On the left panel on the page go to Server Network Settings.
Change TCP Port number to 80
Change UDP Port number to 80

Click save settings and on Update Running Server

This is it, our server running only on port 80 but use tcp and udp protocols.

Client setting

Create new user on sistem

 sudo useradd vpnvpn

do not use adduser because you not need /home/vpnvpn folder ...
Set passwd for user

 sudo passwd vpnvpn

Navigate to https://ip-address:943/ from your browser and login with OpenVPN with u: vpnvpn and p: vpnvpn

On new page go to link on it Yourself (user-locked profile). You will download client.ovpn

Install openvpn package in your client system:

yy@yy:~$ sudo apt-get install openvpn

Now connect to VPN server with following command:

yy@yy:~$ sudo openvpn --config Downloads/client.ovpn
 Thu Jun 27 11:36:43 2013 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [eurephia] [MH] [PF_INET6] [IPv6 payload 20110424-2 (2.2RC2)] built on Feb 13 2013
Enter Auth Username:vpnvpn
Enter Auth Password:
 Thu Jun 27 11:36:50 2013 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables
 Thu Jun 27 11:36:50 2013 Control Channel Authentication: tls-auth using INLINE static key file
  -- omitted the rest --

End. You have vpn server on port 80

On admin you can change a lot of parameters aka network range, routing, etc.


Ubuntu 13.04 invert touch pad scroll direction

What you want is called "natural scrolling".

From 14.04 on you can toggle that behavior from System Settings/Mouse-Touchpad

(thx to Iceman for pointing this out)

For earlier versions there is no immediate GUI tool but you can achieve it with dconf-editor .

From the dash open dconf-editor, on the left side select `org/gnome/settings-daemon/peripherals/touchpad

There you check natural-scroll


“/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lboost_python-mt" installing pycuda 2011.2.2

Try changing the "boost-python-libname" argument for configure.py from:

--boost-python-libname=boost_python-mt-py

to:

--boost-python-libname=boost_python-mt-py27

Adding the 27 will link directly to the library you say you have installed

This is what worked for me on Ubuntu 12.04 with manual CUDA 5.5 install (not from the ubuntu repository).


Geforce 7300 LE - Nvidia 304.131 driver crashes in ubuntu 14.04 32bit

You will need to uninstall Nvidia drivers using the command below your desktop will be back to default:

sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia-*

However I'm still searching how install correct drivers for GEForce 7300 LE and solve my problem.

Hug.


13.04 Boot from LiveCD into graphical safe mode

Yes, Sure you can just when you have the booting menu of live CD choose the entry xforcevesa-boot with safe mode graphics


Nautilus has two views, a list view showing details about the files, and an icon view that shows icon and file name only. In either view, press Ctrl+-, and you see the icons can be decreased to a really small size, rendering the view quite compact.


How to create two seperated DSL connections and use them for different subnets

You're probably looking for something called Split Access (correct) or Split Routing (layman's term).

Have a read through the (4.2.1. Split access)http://www.lartc.org/lartc.html#AEN267 section of the Linux Advanced Routing & Traffic Control HOWTO to see if that's what you need.

You still configure both PPPoE connections, but one of them gets marked as the default interface for all traffic and then you use ip route and ip rule commands to add specific routes for your VoIP servers via the other connection. Note that you need to know the IP addresses of all your VoIP servers - you can't use ip to move traffic based on port numbers.

Good luck!


Is there a difference between a symbolic link via terminal or right-click make link?

There is very little difference. To test this I created a new directory with a file "bug3.odt".

I then created two links to it using the command line

ln -s bug3.odt bug_ln and ln -s /home/warren/qaz/bug3.odt bug_ln2 then finally went into nautilus and created a link by right clicking on the file and selecting "Make Link".

The result was as follows

warren@dell:~/qaz$ ls -la
total 36
drwxrwxr-x  2 warren warren  4096 Feb 18 20:14 .
drwxr-xr-x 69 warren warren 12288 Feb 18 20:11 ..
-rw-rw-r--  1 warren warren 18505 Nov 12 20:11 bug3.odt
lrwxrwxrwx  1 warren warren     8 Feb 18 20:12 bug_ln -> bug3.odt
lrwxrwxrwx  1 warren warren    25 Feb 18 20:14 bug_ln2 -> /home/warren/qaz/bug3.odt
lrwxrwxrwx  1 warren warren    25 Feb 18 20:13 Link to bug3.odt -> /home/warren/qaz/bug3.odt

As you can see both bug_ln2 and Link to bug3.odt have the same owner, group, permissions and link to the same location.  Right clicking in nautilus is equivalent to using ln -s with the full path to the file.

It is also possible to create a link by holding down CTRL+SHIFT and dragging the file.  This works in exactly the same way: equivalent to using ln -s with the full path to the file.


make: *** No rule to make target 'unistall'. Stop

The problem or error arises from the word unistall. It should be a simple typo as @steeldriver commented.  So instead you should run the command:

sudo make uninstall

And you won't get the error anymore.


Boot your computer on a Ubuntu live-CD or Live-USB.

choose "Try Ubuntu"
connect to Internet
open a new Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), then type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update

Press Enter.
Then type:

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Press Enter


I can hear but others cannot hear me in Skype

The usual situation is that the various volume levels are set wrong. If you right-click on the speaker icon you'll see "Sound Settings". If you click the "Input" tab you'll see your input volume settings. Make sure it's not muted and is at a reasonable level.


Is there any way to use Windows Live Messenger in Ubuntu?

You may need a VM for photo-sharing.

Why not Wine?

While running in Wine is an option, the newer versions are reported as Garbage, which means they didn't install, or didn't work. You can try running version 8.5 if it still is available, but it also has issues, as it is rated Bronze. Even rated Bronze, it is very difficult to use and can cause Unity or Compiz crashes as documented here.

What can I use?

Emesene appears to have a great outlook1 but it is unable to perform photo-sharing tasks.

For a VM, you should use virtualbox . It is lightweight and works with many systems. Ensure you have a license to use Windows. VirtualBox has a Seamless mode which makes applications integrate with the host OS, but I have not tested such functionality yet.
 The info about Seamless mode is courtesy of this comment by Brendan Long.

Ref:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsLiveMessenger
https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/emesene/
http://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=application&iId=127

1 No Microsoft-related pun intended.


How do I get Ubuntu to look somewhere for library files?

Use the LD_LIBRARY_PATH or LD_PRELOAD environment variables, documented in man ld.so.

Related:

How do I set environment variables?
Where to declare environment variables?


Getting the sleep/suspend/hibernate status from the CLI on Ubuntu 16.04

I believe the way is as shown below:

sudo systemctl status sleep.target
sudo systemctl status suspend.target
sudo systemctl status hibernate.target
sudo systemctl status hybrid-sleep.target

Information:

man systemd.special 7


I do not know of a direct equivalent, but lshw should give you the info you want, try:

sudo lshw -C display

(it also works without sudo but the info may be less complete/accurate)

You can also install the package lshw-gtk to get a GUI.


device dev/sda not found or ignored by filtering using vmware (openstack)

Warning: Probably /dev/sda is not empty. Make sure you're okay with destroying data on it.

You have to erase the partiotion table of the device. Here is a quote from pvcreate manpage:

  For  DOS disk partitions, the partition id should be set to 0x8e using
  fdisk(8), cfdisk(8), or a equivalent. For GUID Partition Table (GPT),
  the id is E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928. For whole disk devices
  only the partition table must be erased, which will effectively
  destroy all data on that disk. This can be done by zeroing the first
  sector with:

   dd if=/dev/zero of=PhysicalVolume bs=512 count=1

BTW, in my case the error message was a little different: Device /dev/sda excluded by a filter. Probably I have a newer LVM version.


What could cause Ubuntu to start loosing devices (12.10, T420)

Your wireless device is well-supported. I suspect the driver didn't load automatically for some reason. Let's get it to load:

sudo su
echo iwlwifi >> /etc/modules
modprobe iwlwifi
exit

You should be all set.


How to purge and competely reinstall tryton

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge tryton-client


lost all files by using sudo mount, need help

The files aren't lost but just not visible as long as the ISO image is mounted on /home/caihongzhu. Just umount it to get them back:

umount /home/caihongzhu

Next time you should better use another mount point for the ISO image, for example /mnt/:

sudo mount -o loop /home/study/MATLAB/R2017b/iso/iso2.iso /mnt/

Then you can access the files at /mnt/ and your files in /home/caihongzhu/ are still visible.


You need to set up Port Forwarding at your router. You can find instructions for your specific router here.

Specifically, you want to forward incoming traffic on port 32887 of your router to your computer's internal IP address (e.g. 192.168.1.XXX) on the same port.

After you set up your router to forward traffic to your computer, simply give your friends your external IP address (e.g. 208.67.220.220) and you're good to go.

N.B. External vs. Internal IP addresses:
Your external IP address is the address the outside world sees your LAN as. You can find this with a third party service such as this. This is the address you need to give to your friends so they can play on your server. On the other hand, your internal IP address is where your computer is on your network. Normally, an internal IP address is of the form 192.168.1.XXX on Cisco/Linksys routers. You need to set up port forwarding at your internal IP address so that it can talk to your computer.

Extra Reading:
What is an IP Address?
External vs Internal IP Addresses


Notebook HP Pavilion - 17-g050nl (ENERGY STAR) what video driver should I use?

Right after boot, where the login screen shoud be, CTRL+ALT+F3 should take you to a console login...
If you're able to do that, you can log in and you can permanently set it to boot directly to the console(tty) so you can work on it, sudo systemctl default-target multi-user.target.
sudo init 5 or startx will temporarily take you back to the graphical desktop, when you want to test your fix without rebooting... sudo init 3 will kill that graphical desktop attempt.
If you get it fixed sudo systemctl default-target graphical.target will permanently set it back to boot into the graphical desktop.
note: from past experience, if you're booting into graphics mode and this is a graphics problem you may want to login/console fast as possible after boot and sudo init 3 before it gets to a more unusable state(freezes)
FOR THE UPDATED QUESTION
use the xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu driver...
apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu


Cannot open jupyter notebook on ubuntu18.04-VirtualMachine (PermissionError: [Errno 13] )

sudo chown -R user: ~/.local/share/jupyter

user is your username, use this command in the terminal as a normal user, it will work!


Newbie to Ubuntu - Need a little Setup help (15.10 won't shut down)

Have you tried those steps in order to remove the "Secure Boot Violation" error ?

  1) Restart your computer

  2) Bring up the BIOS configuration

  3) Go to Security

  4) Select Secure Boot configuration

  5) Switch Secure Boot from enabled to disabled


Is there 100% black theme for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS? (I am talking about darkness the level of MS DOS background i.e., no light emission)

Try Kubuntu (KDE)...
You have a great deal of control over every aspect of the UI.
Here are screenshots of the process in Kubuntu 19.10...

Open System Settings.

Select Colors option.

Select the theme you want to edit, and click the "pencil" icon.

Select the UI component you want to change.

Select the new color.


How do I disable Ctrl+Alt+s to minimize a window?

You can change it in System Settings → Keyboards → Shortcuts → Windows.


The directory /var/cache/apt/archives contains cached downloaded packages (*.deb files - the applications you installed using apt or the Software Center, etc).

The most simple way to free up space here is to tell apt to remove these cached packages by running

sudo apt autoclean

This removes all old cached packages which are no longer downloadable only, but leaves those that could still be useful intact. To remove them all, use the one below instead:

sudo apt clean

Note that on older Ubuntu releases, you might have to use apt-get instead of apt.


How to give different permissions to multiple groups of users?

If you want to restrict access to only two groups say Group01 full access and Group02 having only read only access, In this case you can use file access control list (ACL). (In your case I think itis the  best solution)

setfacl -R -m g:Group01:rwx Folder01
setfacl -R -m g:Group02:r-- Folder01

You can verify changes via getfacl Folder01.And you can remove all permissions for others like this chmod -R o-rwx Folder01

So by this you folder is only accessible via Group01 ( full access ) and Group02 (read only access) and no doubt owner of that folder can also access that folder.


Gnome shell - many applications are missing

I'm able to launch the GUI [ ... ] by a terminal.

Good. In that case, while the desired GUI window is open, the "Dock" (the "icon bar" on the — by default — left side of the screen) will show the icon of the application. (When you close the window, its icon normally disappears.)
But while the icon is in the Dock: right-click it, and in the appearing context-menu click "Add to favourites". This will persist that icon in the Dock.

To conveniently find the launchers of further programs you can follow this procedure:

Hit the left-side "Windows" key

this opens up the Activities Overview screen with a search field near its center-top.

Type the first few letters of the desired application's name

This will offer up the icon of the application.

Even when there several results, the desired application's icon often shows up in the first place, already indicated as selected, by a faint lighter-shade rectangle around it. In that case it's enough to hit Enter, and the program launches.

To get your application into the first position in the result set, input just the next character of the application-name to allow for a closer match.

This, written down as such, may seem complicated, but in actuality it's goes really fast...

You can customize what will be part of this search-result set on the Activities Overview screen by opening the "Settings" app, and selecting / deselecting items on the "Search" tab.

If you, after all this, for some reason still want to put application launcher icons on your desktop, you can read this thread: How can I create launchers on my desktop?


chrome text rendering busted after some unknown set of upgrades

1) Back up your old corrupt Chrome profile by making a backup copy of .config/google-chrome in /home .

2) Delete the old corrupt Chrome profile while preserving the copies made in step one above.

3) Copy the new user's Chrome profile into your original userspace.

4) Following https://support.google.com/chrome/search?q=restore+from+corrupt+profile&from_promoted_search=true pull bits and pieces from the backup of the old corrupted profile into the new fresh profile.


I did something similar following advice on another website. I created the following in ~/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css:
scrollbar, scrollbar button, scrollbar slider {
      -GtkScrollbar-has-backward-stepper: true;
      -GtkScrollbar-has-forward-stepper: true;
      min-width: 20px;
      min-height: 20px;
      border-radius: 0;
}
This works in both Firefox and LibreOffice for me.
I seem to remember that Libreoffice was lagging behind on the GTK front not so long ago, in which case you might want to try upgrading or fiddling with your current window theme GTK2 CSS file in /usr/share/themes/your-theme-name/gtk-2.0/


I don't think this has to do with the usb start up disk but with the BIOS.

Check out:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1042487
for a user with a similar problem he fixed it by:

  go to Bios Boot Menu...
  Search for ' USB Mass Storage Emulation type'
  Default:<Auto>
  Change it to:<All Fixed Disc>
  or something similar


ubuntu desktop can't reach most websites

According to a VERY smart tech at the local ALTEX store in Dallas (yes this is a plug for their Linux expertise), the DNSSEC setting had to be disabled. For example:
"cd /etc/systemd/"
"sudo gedit resolved.conf"
...
uncomment this line / remove # : "#DNSSEC=no"


If I understand correctly, there are two problems: the kernel 4.15 is not managed (so exit ubuntu 16.04.5 and 18.04) and it must be a 32-bit system or add 32-bit packages on an architecture 64 bits.

So it seems that this package will not work on a 64 bit Ubuntu 18.04 system.

And it seems there is no prospect of it being developed further.

  We currently have no other updates regarding ActivInspire support for
  Ubuntu 18.04.

  Regards, Adam Promethean Technical Support

There is a possible suggested solution:

install on VirtualBox: See reference here.

  A virtual machine is a computer in a computer. Basically, you have a
  program (virtualbox) that will "simulate a new computer" in which you
  have to install ubuntu 16.04 32 bits and then the promethean drivers
  (easy since it's 32 bits), but it is necessary that the ordi (sic) [computer] be able
  to assume a virtual machine.

Source: https://forum.ubuntu-fr.org/viewtopic.php?id=2032702
(Translate using Google or similar)


I'd have the first job "emit" its own signal (this is a command):

initctl emit job-a-done

And jump on that in my upstart job...

start on started cups and job-a-done

This is outlined in the cookbook.


No Windows boot option after installation of Ubuntu

Try the following:

sudo apt install os-prober
sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
reboot

Edit your question with the output of

lsblk

if the above commands do not solve your issue.


Text-editors in eclipse/matlab loses focus occasionally after upgrading to 12.04

I've solved the problem and now I understood why this is a problem that only a limited number of people encountered.

So the problem is that I was using SCIM for keyboard input in previous versions of ubuntu, which is out of date and has conflict with many java programs in ubuntu 12.04. As I removed it and switched to iBUS based input method everything works great.

Hope this helps.


Failsafe process suddenly killed on Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS

That is not a bug, it is a good-news message that can be safely ignored :)

failsafe is a process on systems that use upstart that detects if the system failed to boot properly and then takes appropriate action. It always starts during the boot process but is killed by upstart if the boot was successful.

So this doesn't help to identify your database problem :(

Sources: Launchpad | Upstart cookbook


Script to delete files older than 2 days and log file name to a file with creation time and deletion time

Once you have deleted a file, there is no longer a possibility to stat it for atime/mtime information.
As well, the -printf action in GNU find has a %f specifier for printing the file's basename, so there's really no need for the external xargs / basename combo.
So you could get the basename and modification time in a -printf like
find "$path" -type f -name "*.wav" -mmin "$days" -printf '%f\t%T+\n'

You could then execute a date command just before (or just after) the -delete to get the deletion time:
find "$path" -type f -name "*.wav" -mmin "$days" -printf '%f\t%T+\t' -exec date '+%F+%H:%M:%S.%N' \; # -delete

(remove the # to proceed with the deletions only once you are happy that it is doing what you want).
For other date/time format options see the relevant man pages - I chose %T+ for the GNU long form modification time in find, then chose date format +%F+%H:%M:%S.%N to mimic that.


PC enters a 'sleep' mode after inactivity, won't turn back on

I think I've solved the issue if anyone has a similar problem. There was some sort of liquid that appeared to be leaking from my motherboard. It appears to be a known issue with the model.

I cleaned up parts of the board using rubbing alcohol and everything appears to be working fine. No more random shutdowns and no more POST beep codes.


New 16GB of RAM installed yet I see 15.3 on my system. Why?

Short Answer

It's probably just the kernel using memory. Instead of reporting kernel memory usage, Ubuntu instead subtracts form the total available. This is simply to let you know that the kernel memory cannot be freed in most cases. That memory is being used for things that are absolutely necessary, and so it will never be available.

Diagnostic Commands

I don't expect you to run all of these, but I've included them here for reference and completeness. Most relevant are commands 3 and 4. Also please note that all sizes are going to be in base 2 (e.g. GiB) and not in base 10 (e.g. GB) despite what the unit abbreviations might be.

You can check how big your RAM sticks are claiming to be with:

sudo dmidecode | grep Size | grep MB

You can check how much RAM is available for general use with (look for Mem and total):

free -h

You can estimate how much memory the kernel is using with:

cat /proc/meminfo | grep Slab

You can check for "stolen" graphics card memory with:

dmesg | grep stolen

You can look for specific hardware reserved memory by looking through:

dmesg | grep e820

You can test to make certain all of your memory works by running memtest

Explanation

The most likely explanation is simply that the extra space is being used by either your graphics card or the kernel itself. If you're not familiar, the kernel is the lowest-level part of the operating system, and any memory that it's using will not be available to you and so is not reported as free. The memory might be used for any number of reasons, such as the virtual memory tables, memory-mapped I/O, kernel processes, certain caches, shared graphics memory, etc.

Example: Looking at My Laptop

It is very likely that adding the output of command 3 to your 15.3GiB will result in almost exactly 16GiB. This was the case in my system:

Installed RAM: 6GiB
Reported in System Settings > Details: 5.6GiB
Output of cat /proc/meminfo | grep Slab: 316652 kB
Converted to GiB: 316652/2^20 = 0.3GiB
Output of dmesg | grep stolen: 32768K
Converted to GiB: 32768/2^20 = 0.03GiB
Adding them together: 5.6 + 0.3 + 0.03 = 5.93GiB

Since the Slab memory is not comprehensive, we can assume that the kernel is using the remaining 0.07GiB in places we can't see, and so this is a very satisfying result.

See Also

How much RAM does the kernel use? (Unix & Linux)
Reducing reserved RAM (Arch forums)
Why is some RAM marked as hardware reserved in Windows 7? (Superuser)
Why does my system show 3.2GiB of RAM? (Unix & Linux)
Ubuntu units policy (Ubuntu wiki)


Nautilus isn't minimizing but opening a new session every time the icon is clicked

The icons in the Dash and in the Launcher uses different .desktop-files. The icon in the launcher uses org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop, the icon in the Dash uses nautilus.desktop. Starting Nautilus from the different location will add different icons (with the same look) to the plank-dock.

I added both icons to the dock to get some meaningful output and they have different behavior. The org.gnome.Nautilus.desktopicon will behave as you want, it will minimize all open Nautilus-windows and rise all off them clicking the icon again. The nautilus.desktop-icon behaves as you describe, it will always open a new Nautilus-window.

You will find the launcher-entries for the plank-dock in

~/.config/plank/dock1/launchers

Here some output from my configuration:

$ ls -l '/home/mook/.config/plank/dock1/launchers'
total 20
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mook mook 83 พ.ค.  15 19:46 firefox.dockitem
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mook mook 84 พ.ค.  15 20:12 nautilus.dockitem
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mook mook 91 พ.ค.  15 19:50 org.gnome.gedit.dockitem
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mook mook 94 พ.ค.  15 19:47 org.gnome.Nautilus.dockitem
-rw-rw-r-- 1 mook mook 94 พ.ค.  15 19:47 org.gnome.Terminal.dockitem</pre>

Content of org.gnome.Nautilus.dockitem:

[PlankDockItemPreferences]
Launcher=file:///usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop

Content of nautilus.dockitem:
nautilus.dockitem

[PlankDockItemPreferences]
Launcher=file:///usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop

When you check the files in ~/.config/plank/dock1/launchers, I am sure you will find nautilus.dockitem as this is the one which behave as you described. To remove the icon from the dock, close all Nautilus-windows, right-click the icon in the plank-dock and un-check Keep in Dock. Then start Nautilus from the Launcher (you will probably have to add Nautilus to favorites before) and lock the new Nautilus-icon in the plank-dock with right-click and checking Keep in dock.

Confusing, isn't it?

A funny thing is that I can't find the files org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop and nautilus.desktop with Nautilus, but they are listed when I usels -a /usr/share/applications in the terminal...

Tested in Ubuntu Gnome 17.04


How to install Mars [Radeon HD 8730M] drivers ? Is It supported?

For ways to check compatibility of a given graphics card with Ubuntu see this question: At Present Which is the best choice for a Ubuntu graphics card, AMD or nVidia?.

In your case, there doesn't seem to be any official certification for Radeon HD 8730M (which doesn't necessarily mean that it's not at all supported).

There is at least one report that the latest version of the proprietary AMD Catalyst drivers (version 13.12) support your card. You can download them from AMD Graphics Drivers and Software. See somewhat related discussion: AMD Radeon HD 8670D: Gallium3D vs. Catalyst.

See also:

What is the correct way to install proprietary ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) directly from AMD?


First uninstall all already installed NVIDIA drivers software ... boot the PC.
Highlight the Ubuntu entry in the GRUB boot menu and press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line - press F10 to boot.

On login screen press Ctrl+Alt+F1 - enter user name and password - execute :

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo reboot

Now reinstall the drivers 352.63 supporting NVIDIA GEFORCE GTX 950M.
Highlight the Ubuntu entry in the GRUB boot menu and press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line - press F10 to boot.

On login screen press Ctrl+Alt+F1 - enter user name and password - execute :

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot

Note :
In case nouveau.modeset=0 doesn't work, set the parameter nomodeset instead.

Update addressing your response that the drivers installation failed :

Check whether there is a switch in BIOS to activate the NVIDIA adapter.
If this is the case - change the settings to use the NVIDIA graphics card.

Uninstall all NVIDIA related software ...
Highlight the Ubuntu entry in the GRUB boot menu and press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line - press F10 to boot.

On login screen press Ctrl+Alt+F1 - enter user name and password - execute :

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo reboot

Install the latest official NVIDIA drivers ...
Highlight the Ubuntu entry in the GRUB boot menu and press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line - press F10 to boot.

On login screen press Ctrl+Alt+F1 - enter user name and password - execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-358 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot

Note :

Generally you should use the drivers from the official Ubuntu repositories. But when you have problems with these drivers, you can install the more current drivers from the GPU Drivers PPA. This often leads to properly working graphics, especially on very new NVIDIA GEFORCE adapters.


Toggle function-keys pressing "F-Lock"
  Stumpling right into the same problem, I've found the reason for - at
  least - my problem: Using a ms natural 4000 keyboard sometimes
  requires to toggle the Function-keys pressing "F-Lock"-key located
  next to F12.

  (Toggling the Function-Key's might help with that type of keyboard too
  if you don't get hardcopies etc...)

Reference

As a workaround, ssh could be used to connect to server and kill user's session to see if system will automatically redirect you to your DM. Or reboot in soft way.


MySQL Access denied for user 'root' while using LAMP

Here's what worked for me:

Just append "sudo" to the beginning of that mysql command:

sudo mysql -uroot -p

Please note the "sudo" at the beginning of that command


Two mouse pointers when disconnecting external monitor

Not an answer as such although I did inadvertently get rid of the second cursor!

I am getting the same issue - intermittently - since I upgraded from 14.04 as well.

Interestingly, the "solution" was to mouse over the image you posted! I opened it to see if it was the same issue as mine and just as I was noticing the top pointer appears to be the "active" pointer in that it changes icons as the context changes - the second pointer vanished as I moved it out of the image window!

It hasn't reoccured even though I've moved it from window to window (one of my screens is also rotated 90 degrees) and I've swapped windows. Yet to reproduce the problem but I'm bookmarking this issue to see if mousing over and then out of the image window works again!


Webcam not recognized on my Sony Vaio VGN-CR363 laptop

Follow the instructions in this ppa: https://launchpad.net/~r5u87x-loader/+archive/ppa

It should work with your webcam.


Brightness randomly up and down on MSI laptop

This seems to be a common problem on most MSI laptops, including my own GP62 6QF Leopard Pro. Supposedly, one way to fix it would be to update your BIOS, however, this didn't work for me.

I managed to fix this by adding this to /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-quirks.conf:

  Section "InputClass"
  Identifier "Spooky Ghosts"
  MatchProduct "Video Bus"
  Option "Ignore" "on"
  EndSection

This basically ignores messages from the Video Bus, which seems to be sending psuedo fn+up fn+down messages randomly.

Source: https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2314161&page=2

EDIT: Note that this is not a permanent fix as 10-quirks.conf is a file frequently overwritten by OS updates. The most recent update at this time of writing, released on the 7th of August, had overwritten this file and the above-mentioned script was not retained. To fix it back again, you'll just have to type it back in again, or submit a bug report informing them about this fix.

FYI, the 10-quirks.conf file is used for exactly this cause -- to fix bugs caused by hardware incompatibilities.


My suggestion would be to get the exact model of your machine like so:

sudo dmidecode | grep "System Information" -A 3

then go to a retail site like http://crucial.com and search their database for upgrade options.


Windows to ubuntu-server samba share almost double as fast as ubuntu or mac os x to samba share

Something to bear in mind is that Samba is designed for communication between Windows and Linux machines, so should work faster than the other two.  For filesharing between Linux machines NFS is the correct protocol to use.

The Ubuntu help page for NFS can be found here.


Sometimes, as a I believe the issue here, is actually pretty simple to fix. Have you tried pulseaudio -k? Pulseaudio is basically a proxy for your sound systems on linux and the -k option will "kill an already running PulseAudio daemon"(From man).


Hybrid graphics driver not working (12.04)

If I am right this is a muxed hybrid system. In my opinion; here is the problem :
1) The "recent" catalyst driver don't support muxed system...
2) The "old but not to old "catalyst driver  support muxed graphics system but not recent kernel nor Xorg server. It cause the installation to failed.
And Unfortunately I was not able to determine precisely the driver version for which it support muxed system.

So a further investigation would be :
-Find the version for which muxed system was supported.
-Then find a combinaison of Kernel/xorg ( hopefully jut a good version of Ubuntu) compatible with this driver.
Personally, I gave up since I want to use recent kernel/xorg....
The starting point is wiki.cchtml.com but it didn't led me too far.


Missing python.h when trying to install Apache Thrift

Install python dev

sudo apt-get install python-dev


How to access local music files/directory with HTML5 Ubuntu App?

Here is a link to some code that I wrote that does exactly what I think you need:

http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~rick-rickspencer3/+junk/flash2/view/head:/components/AddSoundDialog.qml

This will leave any music files that the user picks in a Music directory in your apps's data directory.


Multiple networks with DHCP prioritizing one

The easiest way may just be to make the ip of eth0.2 static. Is that feasable in your setup?


I had the same problem.
I solved the issue by installing the new Nvidia drivers (version 304.51).
I used the x-swat PPA:

    sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

I hope I helped someone...


python error IndentationError: expected an indented block

Python uses indentation to determine the grouping of statements. You can use one or more spaces or one or more tab, just that within the same statement always use one or the other. Is recommended to use spaces instead of tabs, but is not required. Read here

Try:

>>> def mul (x,y) :
...   ans = 0
...   print ans

with 2 before ans=0.

Read here for complete documentatio of python.


Lubuntu 12.04 cannot login via GUI after a kernel update and return error messages

My solution: Remove extra kernels.

To remove extra kernels:

Press Ctrl-Alt-F1 for login (first console)
With this command you can see all the kernels: ls /boot/
Remove a kernel with: sudo apt-get remove linux-image-3.0.15-30-generic

Replace 3.0.15-30 with kernel number you want remove.


How can I minimise applications by clicking on its icon on dock?

If you mean 'minimize on click', you can activate this feature by running the following command:
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock click-action 'minimize'

After running this command, whenever you click on the icon of the folder/application, it will be minimized.
Here is a demo:

If you want to go back to the default settings, run the following command:
gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock click-action


I can't seem to locate the information regarding installation of genymotion in the link that you provided, be that as it may, in more general terms do the following.

First find the file in question: in your case the command find / -type f -name "genymotion-2.8.1_x64.bin" 2>/dev/null should be useful.

What this does is search the file system from the root / for a file (-type f) with the name genymotion-2.8.1_x64.bin and redirects all error messages to /dev/null' sanitizing the output to help eliminate further confusion. You can leave off the2>/dev/null` part if you don't mind seeing the numerous Permission Denied Errors that you will invariably get as find attempts to traverse your complete file system as a normal user.

Either way, the final line of output will be the full path to the file you wish to change permissions on similar to /full/path/to/filename.ext where /full/path/to/ is the full path to the file in question and filename.ext is the file (in your case genymotion-2.8.1_x64.bin)
to
Now as mentioned in my comment you have the option of doing

A)

cd /full/path/to/
chmod u+x genymotion-2.8.1_x64.bin

OR

B)

chmod u+x /full/path/to/genymotion-2.8.1_x64.bin

Note: You can reduce the possibility of typing errors with this approach by copying the full path and filename from the output and pasting it after chmod u+x

Either of these approaches  will result in adding executable permissions for the user who owns the file in question.

The only other possibilities I can think of is that you thought you downloaded the installation file and didn't (or did and failed to extract the content of it somewhere sensible. For instance you could be looking for the file in your VM installation rather than your host installation where you actually extracted it or vice versa) Either of these would result in the inability to change permissions as you can't change permissions on a non-existent file.

There's a related post here but I doubt that's your issue since you can't seem to find the file at all.


How to stop the pointer jumping around due to the touchpad?

You do not need a separate application to achieve that.

On 14.04

Simply run:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad disable-while-typing true

or

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad disable-while-typing false

to either disable or enable touchpad while typing.

On 15.04+

You can use syndaemon in the background

To add syndaemon to startup applications:

Dash > Startup Applications > Add. Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && syndaemon"

Explanation

The cleanest solution is to use:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.touchpad disable-while-typing true

However, the key does not exist in versions, later than 14.04. I tested syndaemon on my 15.10 laptop, and it did the job perfectly.

Syndaemon has a number op options, of which the following seem the most important to me in your situation:

-i <idle-time>
    How many seconds to wait after the last key press before enabling the touchpad. (default is 2.0s).
-m <poll-interval>
    How many milliseconds to wait between two polling intervals. If this value is too low, it will cause unnecessary wake-ups. If this value is too high, some key presses (press and release happen between two intervals) may not be noticed. This switch has no effect when running with -R. Default is 200ms.

See also man syndaemon


Why is my scp rejected from port 22 even though I'm connecting on port 25000?

You need to insert the new ssh port number (25000) of the destination scp should connect to, otherwise it will try to connect to the default ssh port (22). Change your command to following:

scp -v -P 25000 nickeleres.tar.gz root@nickeleres.com:~

Also note that you are writing to the root's home directory, make sure you have the right permissions. Another thing to note is the last ~ is not needed because if you don't mention the destination location scp will copy into home directory (~) of the remote user. So the following will do:

scp -v -P 25000 nickeleres.tar.gz root@nickeleres.com:

EDIT:

As 'ThomasW.' has pointed out, you can alternatively use the following:

scp -v -oPORT=25000 nickeleres.tar.gz root@nickeleres.com:~


Dealing with bash breaking commands of a certain length

Use a smarter shell, like zsh:

Note how it added a % to indicate the lack of a newline and printed the prompt on a different line.


What system tool is reporting this error and how to diagnose?

This is Apport.

  Apport is an Error Reporting Service provided by Ubuntu to intercept
  and analyse crashes and bugs as and when they occur. Crashes and Bugs
  may sound like bad things, but actually most operating systems will
  have several a day, and it doesn't mean your computer is broken, nor
  does it necessarily stop working. As such, Apport can usually be
  safely disabled, as it doesn't fix anything, it just tells developers
  that something went wrong.1

Password is being asked for authentication purposes, that will take you to bugs. launchpad.net, if you don't have a Launchpad account all ready, you would have been asked to create an account, after you have logged in, you would have been asked to create a bug report.

For more information take a look  at this

Here are some of the log files kept in Ubuntu, and their usage.

  Linux Log files and usage

  /var/log/messages : General log messages
  /var/log/boot : System boot log
  /var/log/debug : Debugging log messages
  /var/log/auth.log : User login and authentication logs
  /var/log/daemon.log : Running services such as squid, ntpd and others    log message to this file
  /var/log/dmesg : Linux kernel ring buffer log
  /var/log/dpkg.log : All binary package log includes package    installation and other information
  /var/log/faillog : User failed login log file
  /var/log/kern.log : Kernel log file
  /var/log/lpr.log : Printer log file
  /var/log/mail.* : All mail server message log files
  /var/log/mysql.* : MySQL server log file
  /var/log/user.log : All userlevel logs
  /var/log/xorg.0.log : X.org log file
  /var/log/apache2/* : Apache web server log files directory
  /var/log/lighttpd/* : Lighttpd web server log files directory
  /var/log/fsck/* : fsck command log
  /var/log/apport.log : Application crash report / log file2

1Source:Apport

2Source:Log files in Ubuntu


Easiest way to add a GUI to a Python code?

Edit: This is a very old post. If you come across now, you should look out for versions of qt5 instead of qt4. Qt5 is even more awesome.

You should go for Qt framework (What is Qt?) which offers great and well documented GUI libraries which work across multiple platforms.

For Python there is PyQt (What is PyQt?) which offers python bindings for the Qt framework.

sudo apt-get install python-qt4 pyqt4-dev-tools

To get started, here is a simple "Hello World"-tutorial:

Create a file ~/tmp/helloworld.py:

import sys
from PyQt4.QtGui import *
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
button = QPushButton("Hello World", None)
button.show()
app.exec_()

Run it:

python ~/tmp/helloworld.py

In addition, you can use the Qt Designer IDE which is available in the ubuntu repositories and offers some nice development features for GUIs.

sudo apt-get install qt4-designer


So this is the first ever time i am giving help online to someone. i just installed it myself.
You may want to download it from their website directly at http://racket-lang.org/. Then I chose the Linux x86_64(Debian squeeze version. It has a .sh file extension. Right click on the downloaded file and go to its properties. Click the permissions tab and click allow executing file as program. then double click or right click and choose run in terminal. Follow the instructions from there to install it.


Unfortunately for this menu it is only possible to do manually with the dconf-editor.

install dconf-editor
sudo apt install dconf-editor
go to  org > mate > panel > menubar
change default icon-name to your new icon name

if you want to have a custom icon, copy the .svg image to /usr/share/icons/apps/image.svg
replace image with the image title of course...

https://ubuntu-mate.community/t/how-i-can-change-main-menu-icon/9884/3

PS: Using Manjaro you simply have to put your prefered icon to ~/.icons/logo-manjaro.svg

PSS: I found the name of the menu's icon using Gtk Inspector


ALT + TAB Windows in All Workspaces in 20.04 LTS

The application switcher and the window switcher
In Gnome Desktop, which is used on the standard Ubuntu desktop, there is an application switcher and windows switcher.
The application switcher switches between applications. Selecting an application brings all windows to the foreground. However, if you wait a little while an application with multiple windows is selected, a pane will appear showing individual windows. With Alt+Key_above_Tab, you can then select a window and bring only that to the front.

The window switcher is more traditional and shows the individual open windows.

In default Gnome Shell, only the application switcher is used. It is bound to both Alt+Tab and Super+Tab. Ubuntu currently binds the traditional window switcher to the former, and the application switcher to the latter.
The application switcher by default switches through applications on all desktops. The window switcher by default switches through applications on the current desktop only.
Changing keybindings
Keybindings for the application switcher and the window switchers can be set in  Keyboard Shortcuts under "Settings", section "Navigation". Look for Switch applications and Switch windows.
Changing scope
You can change the scope of the window switcher from current workspace only to all workspaces with the command:
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.window-switcher current-workspace-only false

You can change the scope of the application switcher from all workspaces to current workspace only with the command:
org.gnome.shell.app-switcher current-workspace-only true

Use the same commands, replacing set with reset and leaving out the argument (e.g. false) to reset the setting to default. You can also use the graphical tool dconf-editor (not installed by default) to change these settings.


No. You will need ARM versions of the software you want to install.
There is no Opera ARM version and Opera is the one that needs to provide it.


How to install a specific version of granite dependency on Ubuntu 18.0.4?

I figured out that I need to install it from the source. Once done, granite was installed with version 5.2.3

# Install dependency, this was required before proceeding
sudo apt-get install libgirepository1.0-dev

# Clone the latest master
git clone git@github.com:elementary/granite.git

# Navigate to the latest cloned repo folder
cd granite

# Run meson
meson build --prefix=/usr

# Navigate to build directory
cd build

# Build using ninja
ninja && sudo ninja install


How to setup ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4650?

See this forum thread on phoronix:
http://phoronix.com/forums/showthread.php?26231-r600-uses-only-256-mb-video-ram

The 256M you see there is actually called the BAR limit. It's the amount of memory the cpu can map:
"The BAR limit (aperture visible to the CPU) is 256 MB but the latest memory manager code can let the CPU access more than 256 MB by dynamically mapping it into the aperture. The GPU can always address the entire video memory anyways. I believe the 256MB limit is a PCI spec."

On my ati card typing the following gives me an accurate reading:

 grep kB /var/log/Xorg.0.log

which outputs

 [    24.091] (II) fglrx(0): VESA VBE Total Mem: 16384 kB
 [    24.123] (--) fglrx(0): Video RAM: 1048576 kByte, Type: DDR3

The second line denotes my 1GB of video memory, while lscpi -v gives me 256 like you.
I got this command from this comment.


redownload all documentation for a package with APT

I was able to get the documentation using the apt redownload command. I was skeptical of it working at first, but it does work for many system components, and nothing was lost in the process.


Getting drivers to work for intel gma 950

"i915" is the actual driver for most, if not all, currently supported intel GPUs. Just add i915.modeset=1 as is, and see what happens. You also have to run sudo update-grub after making the changes - something the author forgot to mention.


how do i get rid of win10 and replace with ubuntu?

There is plenty of help available, but I'll give you a run-down.

Check what type of BIOS you have. If you have a brand new Windows 8/8.1/10 shipped computer you most likely have UEFI. If you have an older device it most likely will be a Legacy device.

Create a linux live CD/USB. If you are under a UEFI system, install rufus in Windows and format your USB with UEFI GPT Partition tables, FAT32, and add the Ubuntu disk image.

If you are under a Legacy system, let rufus format the USB to default and select the disk image.

Make sure the disk image you downloaded corresponds to your processor type. If your processor is 64-bit, download the amd64 image. If your process is 32-bit, download the 32-bit image.

If you are under UEFI, you will have to hold shift and click restart under Windows. A recovery Window will load. Navigate to "Use a Device", and your computer will reboot. On the boot option menu, select your USB. It will most likely have the hardware name- Sandisk for a Sandisk usb, etc.

If you are under Legacy, press F2, F8, F11, Del, etc. depending on your motherboard, for boot options. Boot from your usb.

Ubuntu should boot. Select "Install now". There will be 3 options. Select "Replace Windows 10 with Ubuntu". Follow the prompts, and you should be fine.


Just for reference, the day-of-week style is baked into dateutils:

$ dateconv 2016-04-03-04 -f %F
2016-04-21

which is the third Thursday of April 2016 as requested.

Alternatively, the input can be explicitly specified:

$ dateconv -i "%m/1 %c %A" "4/1 3 thursday"
2017-04-03-04

(I'm not sure what the /1 is in your example).

Disclaimer: I am the author of the package.


Disable any key on the keyboard notebook

You can use :
xev -event keyboard

and hit the key you want to get the key code, and then use
xmodmap -e 'keycode [yourKey]='

to disable it.
for example :
xmodmap -e 'keycode 13='


Simply do the lines you did again after steams initial update and all will be fine. I even made me a shell sript zo run those commands because it is very likely that you have to rerun it every time when steam updates, az least untill they figure this out.


Ubuntu 16.04 boots to a black screen, works in recovery mode

You may have a partially installed kernel. Check the content of /boot to see if this folder is full.

If you can boot one of the other kernel versions and that works, then the highest level kernel version you see did not install completely.

It could be something else, but that's the first thing I'd check.

ls -l /boot
df -h

Also see: apt-get autoremove to keep /boot from filling up. But, don't do that until you get past this issue.


The following packages have unmet dependencies: skype

To remove the uninstallable dependencies, use sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get autoremove, as mentioned in this post. Take a look at the other posts for that question too.

To actually install Skype, follow these instructions for installing through the official repositories, not through a separate .deb file.

Alternatively, this could be fixed by manually installing the dependencies using

apt-get install libc6:i386 libgcc1:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386

with all the dependencies listed after apt-get, but as automatic installation is possible, I recommend not doing this.


You need to manually remove the package post install scripts:

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/info/oracle-java8-installer.postinst -f
sudo dpkg --configure oracle-java8-installer


How long does it take for an application update to be approved?

This is not normal, per se. Application updates are not given as high of a priority as new submissions and due to the higher volumes we are a bit behind in the QA process.


Simply type the following in the terminal:

  sudo apt-get install python3

After you typed in your system password, it installs python 3 and you then have two versions of Python installed: version 2.7 and 3.2. If you now want to start a program using python3 you can simply type:

  python3 myProgram.py

If I may suggest a good IDE for writing Python; use Spyder.. :)

Happy coding!


Removing Ubuntu from a default O.S when starting PC

Open and edit sudo gedit /etc/default/grub.
You will see the following contents:

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10

You can change the GRUB_DEFAULT from 0 to any number, corresponding to the entry in the GRUB bootup menu (first entry is 0, second is 1, etc.)

Set the value of the GRUB_TIMEOUT as 10 seconds if it has not been set. You can force the grub menu to show by commenting out the two GRUB_HIDDEN lines with a # at the beginning of the line.

After saving the changes, run

sudo update-grub


Running the commands separately as shown below should solve the problem as the commands are munged together with "&&"

sudo apt update

Then

sudo apt -y install ca-certificates wget net-tools

Thanks to user535733 for his comment.


How do I stop nvidia-settings from reverting my metamode settings?

1st of all it makes huge difference which desktop environment you use in combination with ubuntu and nvidia!
wayland, xorg, xfce or lxde?

if the monitor switch triggers the metamodes and you use gsync then you should  know that gsync is not very well supported if you use it on the same xscreen0 in a multimonitor environment.
its a pain to use gsync on a linux system compared to windows.

i had the same problem when trying to get gsync work,
allow flipping must be flagged "on" in nvidia-settings and
for use of gsync to work you should disable the composition pipeline settings! the composition pipeline settings do the same job like gsync on a software level to avoid screen tearing, stuttering etc.

i found this posts helpfull:

https://linustechtips.com/main/topic/723250-am-i-using-gsync-correctly-stutters/

https://www.reddit.com/r/linux_gaming/comments/7zluy3/state_of_linux_and_gsync/

https://www.phoronix.com/forums/forum/linux-graphics-x-org-drivers/nvidia-linux/1076729-using-g-sync-compatible-on-linux-with-nvidia-s-418-30-beta-driver


An easy way to do that is using font manager.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+
T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install font-manager

Once installed, run the program, highlight the fonts that you don't like, and either disable or remove them.  See image below.


Internet not working with incorrect static network settings

[resolved]

I had changed networking management ethernet connection. IPv4 instead of automatic DHCP, I had changed Automatic(DHCP) Addresses only... So all issues comes, I had reverted changes to Automatic(DHCP). Now all works fine.

[Unable to put answer so commented here...]


Bash : Syntax error near unexpected token '('

The code you are trying to run appears to be in the syntax of the C-shell, rather than the Bourne family of shells.

You can either install and use a C-shell - for example, the tcsh package

sudo apt-get install tcsh

csh

or convert the code into its bash equivalent: the following is untested since I don't have access to your input file, but should be close

for f in tmp*; do
  echo "$f"

  zid="$(grep ZINC "$f")"
  if [ -e "${zid}.mol2" ]; then
    filename="${zid}.mol2"
  else
    for n in {01..99}; do
      if [ -e "${zid}_${n}.mol2" ]; then
        filename="${zid}_${n}.mol2"
        break;
      fi
    done
  fi

  mv -v "$f" "$filename"

done


Can I Contribute to Ubuntu with AliPay or Wechat?

This page suggests that you can contact Claire Newman for any questions you may have regarding donations.
I couldn't find any documentation regarding donating to Ubuntu using the methods you mentioned.


An error occurred while installing fatrat, please help

Removing the file should solve the problem, and may get rid of all the notices if the directory one is simply occurring because there are invalid files within it. Thus 50unattended-upgrades file should be removed.

sudo rm /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades.ucf-dist

For fatrat installation, run following command on terminal:

sudo apt-get install libgloox-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libpion-dev libqt5svg5-dev libqt5svg5-private-dev libboost-date-time1.58-dev qttools5-dev-tools qttools5-dev-tools libtorrent-rasterbar-dev cmake git
git clone https://github.com/LubosD/fatrat.git
cd fatrat
cmake . -DWITH_BITTORRENT=ON -DWITH_SFTP=ON -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make
sudo make install
fatrat

The prefix can be changed to /usr using -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr. The default prefix is /usr/local,
but may be implementation dependent.

http://fatrat.dolezel.info/download


Turning up the debug level showed that the problem is  this bug in Samba filed yesterday.

Adding follow symlinks = yes to each share section in smb.conf resolved the issue.


You'll have to obtain a MATLAB install cd, unfortunately. Apart from a small selection of codecs and plugins, there are no licensed applications (that I know of) in the ubuntu repositories. There are a couple of paid applications in the Software Centre, but I checked and MATLAB isn't there.

You can either download a trial from www.mathworks.com and use that until you can obtain a full version, or you can try using spyder, which is an open-source matlab-like python IDE, available on the repositories.

Also, don't bother with wine (I can't comment on other people's answers because I don't have the reputation yet). You'll run into exactly the same problem of needing an install cd.


Broken links inside Linux header file folder

Those missing files in the /usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.32-21 directory are provided by the package linux-headers-2.6.32-21 . To get them, try installing that package.

If you want to install it from the command line, run:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install linux-headers-2.6.32-21

(The apt-get update part will help to make sure the system installs the package based in correct and consistent information about what packages are available from where and in what versions.)


ubuntu 12.04.3 - Reverse DNS issue - slow ping interval but normal ping value

To elaborate on Franky's answer, this is quite likely a problem with the configuration of /etc/nsswitch.conf.

tl;dr: Change the line hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4 in /etc/nsswitch.conf to hosts: files dns

There is a line in /etc/nsswitch.conf named "hosts:" that determines how your computer will resolve hostnames into IP addresses. (Read more about this process here: https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/network-configuration.html)  This line is where the problem most likely is.

By default Ubuntu first checks the host file to see if the hostname has been manually specified there, and then it runs a minimal Multicast DNS query (this is used in zeroconf environments, Wikipedia has an article on it here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_DNS if you want to learn more), followed by a regular dns query, and then finally a full Multicast DNS query.

In corporate environments that don't have reverse DNS set up properly (which apparently is often the case) the Multicast DNS queries cause major slowdowns.  To fix the problem you should either fix reverse DNS or remove the Multicast DNS queries from the configuration.  Given that in a corporate environment you likely have a DNS server of your own, I'd recommend just getting rid of the Multicast DNS query option from the configuration.

See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nss-mdns/+bug/94940 for more information about this problem.


I take it you're not showing all of the code, so line 36 is really the read statement from the snippet you posted.

The read statement is wrong. IMHO you mean

read -p "$PROMPT" -r -s -n1 CHAR

$PROMPT is the parameter for -p, either printing a '*' or nothing at input.
-n needs a parameter too, telling how many characters to read at once.
The variable $CHAR is used later, but it's never assigned to by read

Also $PASSWORD will contain only the last character, since you forgot to concatenate: PASSWORD=$CHAR should rather be

PASSWORD+=$CHAR

or

PASSWORD=${PASSWORD}${CHAR}

With this corrections, the code does what I think it's supposed to: Present a 'starred' password prompt.

Upon request here the complete and corrected code snippet

unset PASSWORD
unset CHARCOUNT
echo
echo -n "Please Enter a Password For VqAdmin, Roundcube and QmailAdmin.
Password: "
stty echo
CHARCOUNT=0
while IFS= read -p "$PROMPT" -r -s -n1 CHAR
do
    #Enter - accept password
    if [[ $CHAR == $'\0' ]] ; then
        break
    fi
    #Backspace
    if [[ $CHAR == $'\177' ]] ; then
        if [ $CHARCOUNT -gt 0 ] ; then
            CHARCOUNT=$((CHARCOUNT-1))
            PROMPT=$'\b \b'
            PASSWORD="${PASSWORD%?}"
        else
            PROMPT=''
        fi
    else
        CHARCOUNT=$((CHARCOUNT+1))
        PROMPT='*'
        PASSWORD+=$CHAR
    fi
done

Judging from your comment, you did not write this code yourself (entirely) (?) and have some trouble understanding it. I won't explain to you line-by-line what it does. Sorry. I suggest you read around the web and come back with a specific questions should they arise. A good explanation of read and it's options is for example given here.

General introductions to bash programming can be found for example at

http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/
http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prog-Intro-HOWTO.html
http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/scripting/tutoriallist


Use the official Ubuntu instructions to move your home partition to the RAID
Don't do anything and Ubuntu and programs will still be on the SSD!  ;-)
Use this question to choose the right back-up program to back-up to the 60GB SSD.  The standard Ubuntu data file back-up solution is Déjà Dup


I found a relatively simple way to do it, all that's missing from that are how to run the pre-install and post-install scripts. (And if there's a way to add an uninstall script).

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=910717

Decide on the name of your package. Standard Debian notation is all lowercase in the following format:

<project>_<major version>.<minor version>-<package revision>

For example, you could name your first package...

helloworld_1.0-1

Create a directory to make your package in. The name should be the same as the package name.

mkdir helloworld_1.0-1

Pretend that the packaging directory is actually the root of the file system. Put the files of your program where they would be installed to on a system.

mkdir helloworld_1.0-1/usr
mkdir helloworld_1.0-1/usr/local
mkdir helloworld_1.0-1/usr/local/bin
cp "~/Projects/Hello World/helloworld" helloworld_1.0-1/usr/local/bin

Now create a special metadata file with which the package manager will install your program.

mkdir helloworld_1.0-1/DEBIAN
gedit helloworld_1.0-1/DEBIAN/control

Put something like this in that file.

Package: helloworld
Version: 1.0-1
Section: base
Priority: optional
Architecture: i386
Depends: libsomethingorrather (>= 1.2.13), anotherDependency (>= 1.2.6)
Maintainer: Your Name <you@email.com>
Description: Hello World
 When you need some sunshine, just run this
 small program!

The space before each line in the description is important.
Now you just need to make the package:

dpkg-deb --build helloworld_1.0-1


Memtest86+ options are missing in Grub menu

Try Grub Customizer.  Grub Customizer is a graphical settings manager for GRUB2.

To install,  just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:adabbas/1stppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

Or just check out their website.

To add the memtest entries see images below, and the text.

First Entry

insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  b4d22d74-d1db-44c3-a834-e879263662f5
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root b4d22d74-d1db-44c3-a834-e879263662f5
fi
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin

Second Entry

insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  b4d22d74-d1db-44c3-a834-e879263662f5
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root b4d22d74-d1db-44c3-a834-e879263662f5
fi
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8

Note: Now the above information is correct, but keep in mind that memtest will not work in grub2-uefi . This is because UEFI does not support launching 16-bit binaries and memtest is a 16-bit binary. Thats also the reason why there is no linux16 command/module in grub2 uefi.

Also you may want to look at memtest86+ fails on efi systems.


Install Ubuntu as VHD alongside Windows 8, Windows 7

VHD virtualization is only available for Windows 7 and 8. You can't use it with Ubuntu. However, you could install Ubuntu inside your windows 7 (WUBI) ,this will give you option for Ubuntu along with Windows. Also, in this method, Ubuntu is actually installed in a virtual disk file, though not a vhd file.


How can I change application information shown in "Windows is ready" notifications?

Is your goal to change what an application reports? Or do you want to send notifications with your own text and icons? If it's latter here's an example of how to send a notification using notify-send:

Open Terminal (if it's not already open)
Send a notification with the help-faq icon:
notify-send "Hello World!" "This is an example of a message." -i help-faq

Note: To see a full list of default icons, check out the standard icon names list.

This will give you a notification like this:

And it will also appear in the notifications list:


Ubuntu Cinnamon menu is too tall for my netbooks screen

as an alternative please install this applet (Configurable Menu):
http://cinnamon-spices.linuxmint.com/applets/view/171

Read the information and possibilities. One possible option on this applet is allow to resize the menu with the mouse to any size that you want.

I'm the author, so any problem or request you can directly speak with me.
https://github.com/lestcape/Configurable-Menu

Good day.


Is there a way to completely remove the keyboard layout from the indicator?

Press Alt+F2 and enter gconf-editor

Now navigate to apps-->gnome_settings_daemon-->plugins-->keyboard and uncheck active

Restart.


Uninstalling "previous install of the fglrx driver"

I recommend that you uninstall the previously installed driver and reinstall a new driver. First you must generate your xorg.conf file. You can do this by :-

sudo aticonfig --initial

Then you can uninstall the AMD proreitary driver by this command:

sudo aticonfig --uninstall

That should work. If it does'nt work and says something like this:

  Uninstaller for AMD Catalyst ™ Proprietary driver, /usr/share/ati/amd-uninstall.sh, does not exist or cannot be found

then go to Software center>Edit>Software Sources...>Additional Drivers. Then select your default open source driver. It will probably be the first option in the window and you must select it. See in this image.Note that the window in the image might not be exactly like yours. This image is from my system with AMD Radeon 5570 HD graphic card.

Then you need to restore your Xorg.conf file. Now, use this command:-

locate /etc/X11/xorg.conf.original-*

It may return several paths like :-

/etc/X11/xorg.conf.original-0
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.original-1

and many others too. Of these, note down the file with the highest number. In the above case it is /etc/X11/xorg.conf.original-1. Now use stat to confirm existence of the file :-

stat /etc/X11/xorg.conf.original-1

Then you must copy it over the existing xorg.conf file:-

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf.original-1 /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Thus, you can restore your Xorg.conf file. Now reboot your system. You will be using your open source drivers now.

PS:- After uninstalling your old driver you can install your new driver by following the answer I have given in this question.

Credits to the installer notes of AMD website found here.


Video not playing in web browser with Bluetooth headphones connected. How can I fix this?

Sounds like the headset is in the wrong mode, pylovers a2dp.py script should get it working
wget https://gist.github.com/pylover/d68be364adac5f946887b85e6ed6e7ae/archive/d698974910bbb7d016ec0ad08c1bf41b4b524364.zip
unzip d698974910bbb7d016ec0ad08c1bf41b4b524364.zip
mv ~/d68be364adac5f946887b85e6ed6e7ae-d698974910bbb7d016ec0ad08c1bf41b4b524364/a2dp.py .a2dp.py
chmod +x a2dp.py

Then just run ./a2dp.py
If you have paired with more than one bluetooth device you will need to enter the number that corresponds with the headset in a list it will display.

You will likely have to run ./a2dp.py after reconnecting the device


How to make xinput settings persist after devices are unplugged, replugged, and after shutdown, restart, etc?

According to How to configure the TrackPoint (from ThinkWiki), the method for changing the settings on a per-user basis is by using the .xsessionrc file, simply put all your xinput commands into that file and you should have your settings on boot.

The settings should be remembered after you unplug and replug the same device. But if they're not then we have a bug to report. I looked into all the events that happen when input devices are detected and I don't mind telling you that it's a real mess. If you need to go to a plan B then try adding the options into x.conf.d as shown in the above website.


Ubuntu 16.04 Server, Log to Database instead of default logs

If you're open to other solutions, I'd advise using specialized logging software instead of MySQL. The reasoning for this is that MySQL has been known to be problematic for log storage, especially without any sort of preprocessing. In other words, if you're just dumping raw log entries into a MySQL table, you're likely going to end up with very few columns: id, timestamp, log_level, and log_entry (or any sub-combination of these). This, as a result, makes searching very hard, as you'll have to either wait a long time to work through all of your log entries plus the memory overhead of indexing might be unacceptable for your network. Sure, you could design a custom schema that is slightly more usable and efficient in data storage and retrieval, but this may require maintenance if any part of the logging chain changes operation or if you want to log data you weren't logging before.

Similarly, if you're using MySQL for user/gamedata/whatever storage, doing such a thing would add much more overhead to the database. Thereby, this could slow down your entire system's infrastructure (depending on system load, I would recommend on doing some testing).

Anyways...

If you do want to go down the rabbit-hole of centralized logging and log management, I would suggest something like Logstash combined with Elasticsearch for query information. You can also (if you want) throw Kibana into the mix to create something known as the full ELK stack. The problem with this solution, however, is that Elasticsearch is essentially a global index and requires a decent investment of development and/or operations time in order to set it up in an effective way. You will also have to set aside a lot of hard drive space (and possibly memory) if not a dedicated server for logging. Of course, there are a lot of alternatives to the ELK stack, and you can probably find the solution that works best for you with a bit of research. One thing to note, however, is that logstash requires some NoSQL database (see supported outputs).

Either way, depending on whatever logging solution you choose, there are ways to integrate such log information into most logging stacks. As an example, I run a small Minecraft network using fully custom infrastructure and software. Our system is designed to log to ELK, which then provides us with searchable information regarding users, in-game commands, "high-lag" events, and similar actions. Of course, this might not be necessary, but the ability to expand in that direction may be useful for future expansion and simplicity of development and administration.

Either way, I've talked too much about logging without really giving an answer, so I think I should try to do that.

My current opinion (based on your comments) is that you have a few problems that need to be solved in no particular order:

Don't let users even go where they shouldn't.
Linux has extremely powerful access control management. You can just block users access to things they shouldn't have access to. For example, using /etc/sudoers to limit what commands someone can (or can't) run.
Giving users full root makes logging impossible
So, I'm going to let my imagination run wild here. You give your users access to sudo without restriction. If I, a rogue admin, were to run sudo -s or a similar command, I would drop into a root shell without problem. At this point, you lose a few things. First, you have no idea who is actually running that command. All you'll know is that root ran it. Second, a rogue admin can very easily disable logging to whatever backend server they please, and then run whatever command(s) they want. Sure, you'll probably be able to tell when a user became root, and maybe extrapolate who ran what command after that, but this is by no means reliable anymore.

However, there is still a nifty utility called auditd (installing and configuring is left an exercise to the reader). Basically, this utility will log and monitor commands executed by users (even those who have escalated privileges in certain situations). By default, this will log to a flat file, but you can then take this and move it anywhere you want. For example, logstash can record audit logs, which you can then forward to wherever (something like MongoDB might be good if you don't want to run an ELK stack). Still, this setup is vulnerable to rogue admins disabling logging.

Really, though, there are hundreds of ways to accomplish this using all sorts of technologies, but there won't be an existing technology you can just drop in and expect to work perfectly. You will need to do some research and experimentation into the platforms that exist, and choose whichever fits your price point, development capability, infrastructure resources, and similar.

If you really want to use MySQL, I would go with what Muru's comment states. Essentially, you can set up auditd and have rsyslog pull data from auditd and dump it into MySQL through the ommysql project, which will provide storage in a predictable fashion. Judging by the documentation for auditd, you'll be able to very easily get at least some useful fields, which will allow for a decent schema for (at least) logged commands. For example, you will be able to use auid to determine which user did what, comm or exe to determine what was run, the audit unique id, status results, and what was run/how it was run. See this answer for an example setup.

For user logins and similar, you will need additional tables configured through rsyslog. In effect, each table in MySQL will only be able to hold a single action type (login, command executed, etc.). Depending on your use-case, this might very well be okay, but it does limit your ability to create a full audit trail (such features are provided by NoSQL).

You will still need a syslog server, and (ideally) a dedicated SQL server for logging.

Personally though, I'd go with auditd and the ELK stack. Easier, and room for expansion.

Disclaimer: I am not affiliated with any of the above named technologies, but I have worked with almost all of them and have my own favorites.


This works in Unity & Gnome, similar things are there for other desktop environments.

Right click on the file, and go to Properties, and permissions. Make sure this is ticked :

 (You need this ticked anyway for the file to run in terminal, or be 'executed', it is the same as running chmod +x /PATH/TO/FILE)

And make sure this,  under the Behaviour tab, in Nautilus file manager's preferences, is set to this:

Now every time you click on it, you should get:

Run in Terminal, you can guess. Display opens it in the default text editor defined in 'Open With...'. in the files preferences. Run runs it in the background, with no terminal. This is also what happens if you select 'Run executable text files when they are opened' above.

Here is a fix to stop it closing instantly - go to Profile Preferences,  and under Title and Command, set:

, Now when you run a script like this :

#!/usr/bin/python
import time
print "Hello"
time.sleep(5)
print "Goodbye"

(Remember the shebang #!/usr/bin/python line, otherwise it won't be interpreted correctly. You can also use #!/usr/bin/env python.)

It stay open a while, then you should get something like: