Can I change the word ubuntu from my plymouth default theme?

If you are happy with the rest of the theme, you can just replace the logo. In a terminal do the following:

backup the old logo

sudo cp /lib/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu_logo.{png,back}

put a copy of the logo on your desktop

cp /lib/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu_logo.png ~/Desktop

now edit the logo the way you want

gimp ~/Desktop/ubuntu_logo.png

copy back your logo

sudo mv ~/Desktop/ubuntu_logo.png /lib/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/

update the system to use your logo

sudo update-initramfs -c -k all

To restore the old logo, simply do:

restore old logo

sudo cp /lib/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu_logo.{back,png}

update the system to use the old logo

sudo update-initramfs -c -k all

To test the theme without rebooting, you can run the following within a GNOME session to see a multi-window setup running your theme:

sudo plymouthd ; sudo plymouth --show-splash ; sleep 10 ; sudo plymouth --quit


It is much more safe to go second route.

if something goes wrong, you'll have at least one copy of data intact
if something goes wrong while formatting & moving data (the first route) you will end up with half-moved data and broken partition table.
it will take almost the same time to copy 200 GB from one partition to another (the same amount of data needs to be moved)


Where are Authentication Credentials for Canon Image Runner Advanced 4245 Printer

You need to change a file as shown below, but before type

sudo service cups stop

/etc/cups/printers.conf is the one you need. Underneath the printer

# Printer configuration file for ...
# Written by cupsd on ...
<DefaultPrinter canon>
AuthInfoRequired username,password
Info Canon ...
...

The AuthInfoRequired is the one you need. Add it to the printer you need it for if it is not there.

Type

sudo nano /etc/cups/printers.conf

Make the changes : replace     "AuthInfoRequired none" with  "AuthInfoRequired username,password" type  [ctrl] [X] then [Y] then [enter] to exit, save and finaly confirm location.

Then  type

sudo service cups start

and print as usual, just type your user credential and hit save when asked if you want ubuntu to store them.


Open Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T).
Enter the following command:

cat /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

Write down the resulting value (12421 in my case).
Divide value by 6 and write it down (2070 in my case).
Enter the following in the terminal, replacing 2070 with your value:

sudo su -c "echo 2070 >/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness"
Close Terminal.
For future usage of the last command, open Terminal, press Ctrl and R together, start typing brightness. When the last command appears, just press Enter.

It works for me on a Samsung NC110 with Ubuntu 12.04.


How to quickly modify cups-pdf printer output folder setting?

The problem is with apparmor, not with cups or the virtual printer driver.
For any who want the convenience of 'one-touch' printing to pdf, the package can be installed by its older name:
sudo apt install cups-pdf

Or by the newer:
sudo apt install printer-driver-cups-pdf

Then to change the default output file destination, the config file may be edited:
sudo gedit /etc/cups/cups-pdf.conf (Use gksu or gksudo in place of sudo if preferred.)

On the line:
Out ${HOME}/PDF

Change the folder location as desired. Examples:
  Out ${HOME}/Desktop
  Out ${HOME}/print/pdfs
  Out /home/username/pdf

(If pasting an example line, use only one, like the original file.) Highlight the location part after the $, copy, then save the file and close it. Next, open the apparmor config file:
sudo gedit /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.cupsd

Find the two lines near the bottom with the old default path, {HOME}/PDF
@{HOME}/PDF/ rw,
@{HOME}/PDF/* rw,

On each line, highlight everything between the @ and the trailing / and paste the new dirspec just copied. Inspect to be sure only the two paths were changed, and there are no missing or extra characters or spaces inserted. (Make a backup copy beforehand if unsure, and remember ctrlz undo is your friend.) Ex.
@{HOME}/Desktop/ rw,
@{HOME}/Desktop/* rw,

Save, close and reboot, then test print. Should work.


How do I launch zathura from bash/emacs maximized / fullscreen?

--mode fullscreen. It isn't in the man file, for whatever reason.


GDBus.Error when trying to enable second screen

dconf write /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/xrandr/active true did nothing and arandr looks pretty incomprehensible to me.
If you are otherwise stymied, it is worth giving xrandr a try. The documentation is here: http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Xorg_RandR_1.2#First_discover_what_we_have

And I was able to fix this by doing:

xrandr --current
xrandr --output VGA1 --off
xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --right-of LVDS1

Let me explain these:

The first command is to see what displays I have connected.

$ xrandr --current
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3200 x 1080, maximum 8192 x 8192
LVDS1 connected 1280x800+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 261mm x 163mm
1280x800       60.0*+
1024x768       60.0
800x600        60.3     56.2
640x480        59.9
VGA1 connected 1920x1080+1280+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 509mm x 286mm
1920x1080      60.0*+
1280x1024      60.0
1440x900       59.9
1280x800       59.8
1152x864       75.0
1024x768       70.1     60.0
800x600        60.3     56.2
640x480        66.7     60.0
720x400        70.1
HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

There is much extraneous data, but I only need the names of the two displays. I see:

LVDS1 connected

and

VGA1 connected

And I think it is safe to assume that VGA is the external monitor. So then I turn it off

xrandr --output VGA1 --off

and back on again

xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --right-of LVDS1

and when I move my cursor to the right edge of the laptop screen, it appears on the external monitor. Success.


I can't fix the resolution on virtual box for ubuntu 14.04 The resolution is set to 2560x1965

Run a terminal: Ctrl+Alt+t

and then write the following:

xrandr -s 1024x768

this will lower your resolution down to 1024x768.

To avoid this kind of problems install guest additions.


How can I grant guest accounts read (or read-write) permission on a folder outside their home?

(Copied from my answer here, since I saw that first, and it doesn't seem right to mark this as a duplicate of a question asked later.)

Guest sessions are locked down using AppArmor, which uses a long list of special permissions to keep guest users from touching anything. These are accessed from etc/apparmor.d/lightdm-guest-session.

On my machine, that file looks like this:

# Profile for restricting lightdm guest session

#include <tunables/global>

/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-guest-session {
  # Most applications are confined via the main abstraction
  #include <abstractions/lightdm>

  # chromium-browser needs special confinement due to its sandboxing
  #include <abstractions/lightdm_chromium-browser>
}

Opening up that "main abstraction" (etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/lightdm) gives something more interesting:

...
/ r,
/bin/ rmix,
/bin/fusermount Px,
/bin/** rmix,
/cdrom/ rmix,
/cdrom/** rmix,
/dev/ r,
/dev/** rmw, # audio devices etc.
owner /dev/shm/** rmw,
/etc/ r,
/etc/** rmk,
...

These are all the directories which a restricted session can access, along with their permissions. If you add your partition and shared folder to that list (with a trailing /** to include all subdirectories, and an r for read permission), all future guest sessions will have read-only access to it.

For read-write permissions, use rw; this is the default permission for /var/guest-data. For full permissions, use rwlkmix; this is the default permission for guest-owned drives in /media. These stand for Read, Write, Link, locK, Memory-map, and Inherit-eXecute: the last one gives execution privileges, but specifies that execution must happen within the current confinement (so you can't break out of the guest restrictions by running a specially-crafted shell script).


How to disable recovery mode/single user mode?

Open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T shortcut and type this command and then hit Enter.

gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

The above command will open GRUB default file in gedit text editor. Search for a section like this one:

# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

Remove the # mark from the line #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true". The changed section should look like this:

# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

Save the file by pressing Ctrl+S, then exit gedit.
Then again going to the terminal, execute the below command:

sudo update-grub

Restart to see that the recovery option has gone.


You can determine if your computer's CPU is 32 or 64 bits by running
sudo lshw -class processor | grep width
If the answer is "width: 32 bits" neither replacing the hard drive or installing another operating system will transform your computer into a 64 bit machine.


Here is my tested solution that will work on any ubuntu (or debian) distro. This will download meshmixer 2.9 and dependencies, install it on a opt/ dir on your $HOME and create a meshmixer bin to run it. Doesn't need root access to install or run
    #!/bin/bash

    PREFIX=$HOME/opt/meshmixer
    FILES=$HOME/Document*/meshmixer
    mkdir -p $PREFIX $FILES $HOME/bin
    cd /tmp

    for DEB in \
      http://openartisthq.org/debian/xenial64/meshmixer_2.9_amd64.deb \
      http://ports.ubuntu.com/pool/main/b/boost1.54/libboost-date-time1.54.0_1.54.0-4ubuntu3.1_arm64.deb \
      http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/boost1.54/libboost-system1.54.0_1.54.0-4ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb \
      http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/boost1.54/libboost-filesystem1.54.0_1.54.0-4ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb \
      http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/b/boost1.54/libboost-thread1.54.0_1.54.0-4ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb \
      http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/c/cgal/libcgal10_4.2-5ubuntu1_amd64.deb \
      http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libk/libkml/libkml0_1.3.0~r864-2_amd64.deb \
      http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/superlu/libsuperlu3_3.0+20070106-3_amd64.deb \
      http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/q/qtwebkit-source/libqtwebkit4_2.3.2-0ubuntu7_amd64.deb \
      http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libp/libpng/libpng12-0_1.2.50-1ubuntu2.14.04.3_amd64.deb \
    ; do
      DEBF=`basename $DEB`
      wget -q $DEB
      dpkg -x $DEBF $PREFIX
    done

    cp -va $PREFIX/usr/share/meshmixer/* $FILES/
    cat > $HOME/bin/meshmixer <<EOM
    #!/bin/bash
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PREFIX/lib:$PREFIX/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:$PREFIX/usr/lib:$PREFIX/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:$PREFIX/opt/meshmixer/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
    exec $PREFIX/opt/meshmixer/bin/meshmixer "$@"  &
    EOM
    chmod a+x $HOME/bin/meshmixer

Unfortunately the http://discreteform.com/linux.html deb download is not available anymore, so you'll need to google for meshmixer_2.9_amd64.deb (like I did) IF the first link ins't available at the time you read this.


The only reason I have come up with to use start-stop-daemon is if the pre-start or post-stop sections need to be run as root, but the main process needs another user. Example here:

# Create directory with the daemon's user (need to run this as root)
pre-start exec install -o _foo -g _foo -d /run/foo

# Use start-stop-daemon to run the daemon as another user and group
exec start-stop-daemon -S -q -c _foo:_foo -x /usr/sbin/foo -- {args}

The setuid and setgid stanzas will not work in this situation because the pre-start process will have the unpriveleged user and will not be able to create /run/foo.

Other than that, just use exec.


How to access openstack instances from the outside world?

Something like this will give you 5 floating ips to choose from, increase seq if you need more

neutron net-create --router:external=True --shared ext-net
neutron subnet-create --name ext-subnet --gateway 10.0.3.1 --allocation-pool start=10.0.3.200,end=10.0.3.254 --disable-dhcp ext-net 10.0.3.0/24

# create vm network
neutron net-create ubuntu-net

# if no router subnet pre-exists, we nat 10.0.4.x network here
neutron subnet-create --name ubuntu-subnet --gateway 10.0.4.1 --dns-nameserver 10.0.3.1 ubuntu-net 10.0.4.0/24
neutron router-create ubuntu-router
neutron router-interface-add ubuntu-router ubuntu-subnet
neutron router-gateway-set ubuntu-router ext-net
# create pool of floating ips
i=0
while [ $i -ne 5 ]; do
    neutron floatingip-create ext-net
i=$((i + 1))
done


Window manager looks weird in VNC or rdp

You need to provide the session properly. Unity is the default shell in Ubuntu, and since it cannot be used with RDP and similar, it will fail to start when you use the default Gnome Session. Therefore you need to add --session=ubuntu-2d to the session preferences. That will tell it to use Unity 2D instead of Unity.


Custom Recovery disk containing ubuntu16.04 and Clonezilla together

If you need a Bootable USB with Ubuntu and CloneZilla and maybe other rescue disk on the same stick, then you can chose for YUMI Pendrivelinux Multiboot USB

Creating a YUMI MultiBoot USB Flash Drive (Linux)

Open a terminal and type sudo su Type fdisk -l (and note which
device is your USB Drive)
Type fdisk /dev/sdx (replacing x with your actual usb device)
Type d (to delete the existing partition)
Type n (to create a new partition)
Type p (for primary partition)
Type 1 (to create the first partition)
Press Enter (to use the first cylinder)
Press Enter again (to use the default value as the last cylinder)
Type a (for active)
Type 1 (to mark the first partition active "bootable")
Type t (for partition type) Type c (to use fat32 partition)
Type w (to write the changes and close fdisk)

Create a Fat32 Filesystem on the USB Flash Drive

Type umount /dev/sdx1 (to unmount the mounted
 partition)
Type mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n MULTIBOOT /dev/sdx1 (to format
 the partition as fat32)
Remove and reinsert your USB flash drive, or remount it

Install WINE

To install WINE from within an Ubuntu operating environment, open a
 terminal and type sudo apt install wine and press enter.
Once WINE is installed, Download YUMI from the official
 pendrivelinux site
launch YUMI as you normally would by simply clicking the
 YUMI-{version-downloaded}.exe
Follow the steps from the YUMI GUI to add ass many distros as you
 want from ISO files
Remote the drive after you finish adding isos and boot from it

You will have a YUMI MultiBoot USB Boot Menu on screen and you can chose whatever distro want to boot into.

Additional notes: all info above can also be found also on the pendrivelinux web page and much more.


cannot receive email on ubuntu email server

The following line from the error log gives valuable info:

localhost postfix/smtpd[13352]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-lb0-f173.google.com[209.85.217.173]: 550 5.1.1 <sarmenb@mydomain.com>: Recipient address ejected: User unknown in local recipient table; from=<sarmenhb@my-gmail.com> o=<sarmenb@mydomain.com> proto=ESMTP helo=<mail-lb0-f173.google.com>

Postfix should relay all mail to other servers on the internet, it does not actually receive mail for any domains. As in the error log example.com should be forwarded to the mail server for example.com. The solution, is to remove $mydomain from postfix config /etc/postfix/main.cf in line:

mydestination = $mydomain, localhost.$mydomain, localhost

Source: serverfault


That delay is caused by the time that is necessary for starting the secondary X server. If you do not need to preserve power, I suggest you to change KeepUnusedXServer=false to KeepUnusedXServer=true in /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf. After doing so, restart the BUmblebee daemon with sudo restart bumblebeed. Now, only the initial start takes some time, but further use of the card is instant.

Alternatively you can keep another program using optirun so that the X server is not shutdown after each run of optirun. I use it like:

optirun bash

(in a different shell):

optirun program-that-is-tested

When done, I can close the optirun shell by typing exit.


Trying to install ubuntu 14.10 on new precision m3800

it's telling you whats worng, create a parition that has the size like 200 MB and has the name "Reserved BIOS boot area" and it will work.

You don't have to partition it manually, you can use the option in the first menu "to install along side Windows" instead.


bind (hardlink) one directory to many places

You'll have to add your mount details to /etc/fstab. Since you didn't give much details, I can only point you to the manual page: man fstab.


Transfer bookmarks from Chrome to Firefox

Export bookmarks from Chrome

In the top-right corner of the browser window, click the Chrome menu .
Select Bookmarks -> Bookmark Manager.
In the Bookmark Manager menu bar click Organize.
From the dropdown menu select Export bookmarks to HTML file...

Import bookmarks to Firefox from HTML file

Open Firefox.
From the Firefox menu select Bookmarks -> Show All Bookmarks to open the Library window.
From the toolbar in the Library window, click Import and Backup and from the dropdown menu choose Import Data from HTML...
In the new Import Bookmarks File window that opens, browse to the location of the HTML file that you exported from Chrome.
Click the Open button.
To rearrange the order in which the bookmarks are displayed select Bookmarks -> Show All Bookmarks to open the Library window and drag the bookmark files and folders to their new positions.


Going from Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04, GNOME not working properly

From your screenshots, it's clear that you've logged into a Unity session somehow, not a GNOME session.

To log into a GNOME session when you boot your system and get to the GDM login screen, you should find a cogwheel (⚙) next to the 'sign in' button. If you click the cogwheel you should see an Ubuntu option. Select it and log in.


Why no easy way to install new themes in gnome 3 and unity?

You might be referring to Gnome Shell, but if you're talking about window decorators and the contents of windows, then Unity and Gnome Shell aren't relevant. They're both Gnome 3.

The reason is that lots of the infrastructure has been replaced. Old Gnome themes are no longer compatible. That means it'll take a little while for new themes to become available to install. The configuration system has also been replaced, so the graphical tools to do these things must also be replaced. Since there's relatively few themes to choose between, that task probably hasn't had the highest priority. It'll improve. :)

I would expect to install themes from the software centre, like any other software. Let's hope we'll get lots of stunning ones very soon.


Nvidia Drivers failing after updating with Update Manager

Download the Nvidia driver v 304.108 from here
Install the driver manually This link will help you
To install it manually

First press ctrl + alt +f1 This will open tty1

Now you are using the tty terminal console

log in with your user name and password

Now stop the lightdm(dgm or whatever) using the command

sudo stop lightdm

Then install the new driver with

sudo sh /path-to-the-driver

if something goes wrong close the installer and reboot then try again
still same problem the nvidia installer will make a black list in /etc/modprobe.d/
if this is not generated you have to make such file to black list nouveau
Run sudoedit /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia-graphics-drivers.conf and fill it with this:
blacklist nouveau
If the problem is not solve you have to add the string "nomodeset" to your /etc/default/grub, in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= line
then update the grub

sudo update-grub


Problem with apache 2.4.6 on ubuntu 13.10 no rewrite for wordpress links

Been having a similar problem with my localhost. Check /etc/apache2/apache2.conf Change:

<Directory /var/www/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>

to

<Directory /var/www/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>

Check Here for more details:  http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2151875


well check this url as while it may still work, AP-Hotspot is abandoned. That's because there are too many things that depend on the hardware and since it is only tested it on one device(ubuntu 14.04,14.10), that makes the script unreliable for others and for me, pretty much impossible to fix some issues.

How To Set Up A Wireless Hotspot (Access Point Mode) That Supports Android In Ubuntu
ap-hotspot


How to restore Dell M3800 Developer Edition

On the bootloader there is an option to reset to factory settings. Assuming that you didn't also break the bootloader, you should be able to still do this. Once you turn on the computer as soon as you get the purple screen press the Esc key, this will show you some options for booting, and one of them should be something like "Reset to Factory Settings".

Source: http://en.community.dell.com/techcenter/os-applications/f/4613/t/19620838
Ubuntu on Dell Precision M3800
The Dell driver download webpage for the Dell Precision M3800 Workstation only has drivers for Windows 7 and Windows 8.1. The following results are found at the Ubuntu on Dell Precision M3800 webpage at the official ubuntu.com website. The Dell Precision M3800 Workstation that has Ubuntu 14.04 preinstalled ships on pre-configured hardware, so you do not get the same choice of hardware options that you get on the Dell Precision M3800 Mobile Workstations that ship with Windows preinstalled. If your laptop has Ubuntu 14.04 preinstalled, it is supported by updates until April, 2019, so you don't need to upgrade or reinstall the operating system for a long time.
Proprietary drivers

Nvidia GK107GLM [Quadro K1100M] - The Recommended driver for this GPU can be found from the terminal by running the command ubuntu-drivers devices and then installed from the default Ubuntu repositories.

NVIDIA Prime - The Dell Precision M3800 supports NVIDIA Prime switchable graphics (nvidia-prime) from the default Ubuntu repositories. To switch NVIDIA Prime switchable graphics from a GUI you also need to install NVIDIA X Server Settings (nvidia-settings) from the Ubuntu Software Center.

Intel Wireless 7260 - Most Intel wireless adapters use the built-in open source drivers that are bundled with the default Ubuntu installation.


What filesystem to use for USB hard drive to be shared with Samba - Ubuntu Server 20.04.1

Samba can share from any file system your system can use.  I use the ext file systems native to Linux.  Others may prefer the z or the btrfs file systems which offer some added features.  It's really up to you.  Samba just piggy-backs off of your system and doesn't share the underlying file system directly.


seems to be one package is missing that required to open system settings.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libpulse0

The above command will reinstall the package and get if anything missing.

install it and restart your PC and try again.


How can I preserve the brightness settings of my laptop display on standby?

Classical way to approach this issue would be to create /etc/pm/sleep.d/10_remember_brightness script with the following contents. Note, that the script must be made executable (via chmod +x command) and must be owned by root.

#!/bin/bash
# Description: remember backlight brightness before suspending

case "${1}" in

        hibernate|sleep) before_suspend=$(cat /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness )
    ;;
        resume|thaw) echo "$before_suspend" > /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness
    ;;
esac

If the script doesn't always catch up and restore brightness, use sleep delay as shown below ( sleep value given in seconds, 0.25 is quarter-second, adjust as necessary )

#!/bin/bash
# Description: remember backlight brightness before suspending

case "${1}" in

        hibernate|sleep) before_suspend=$(cat /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness )
    ;;
        resume|thaw) sleep 0.25 && echo "$before_suspend" > /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness
    ;;
esac


is there anyway to recover close without saving file?

If you are real lucky, it might still be in memory:

sudo strings /dev/mem


Cloud in a Box Issue - LXD static host with DHCP bridge and static LXD host reservations

I figured it out.  Here are the steps:

Step 1.  Enable DHCP on your network somehow.  For this I changed my router from a DHCP forwarder to a DHCP server.

Step 2.  Set up a bridge device on the "controller" server with your manual (static) address in /etc/network/interfaces.

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface

auto br0
iface br0 inet static
       address 192.168.199.5
       netmask 255.255.255.0
       gateway 192.168.199.1
       dns-nameservers 192.168.199.2 192.168.199.1 192.168.1.1
       dns-search home.spyderdyne.net
       bridge-ifaces enp0s25
bridge-ports enp0s25
        up ifconfig enp0s25 up

iface enp0s25 inet manual

Step 3.  Record the hardware/MAC address of your new bridge device:

root@rack2-controller0:~# ifconfig br0
br0: flags=4163  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.199.5  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.199.255
        inet6 fe80::baae:edff:fe7f:fd70  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
        ether b8:ae:ed:7f:fd:70  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 315449  bytes 353143957 (353.1 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 217291  bytes 16267645 (16.2 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

Step 4. Configure your DHCP server to assign that correct static IP address you want to assign to the bridge device:

Step 5.  Install LXD:

root@rack2-controller0:~# lxd init
Name of the storage backend to use (dir or zfs) [default=zfs]:
Create a new ZFS pool (yes/no) [default=yes]?
Name of the new ZFS pool [default=lxd]:
Would you like to use an existing block device (yes/no) [default=no]? yes
Path to the existing block device: /dev/sda2
Would you like LXD to be available over the network (yes/no) [default=no]? yes
Address to bind LXD to (not including port) [default=all]:
Port to bind LXD to [default=8443]:
Trust password for new clients:
Again:
Would you like stale cached images to be updated automatically (yes/no) [default=yes]?
Would you like to create a new network bridge (yes/no) [default=yes]? no
LXD has been successfully configured.

Step 6. Edit you default LXD profile network config to include the bridge:

root@rack2-controller0:~# lxc profile edit default

### This is a yaml representation of the profile.
### Any line starting with a '# will be ignored.
###
### A profile consists of a set of configuration items followed by a set of
### devices.
###
### An example would look like:
### name: onenic
### config:
###   raw.lxc: lxc.aa_profile=unconfined
### devices:
###   eth0:
###     nictype: bridged
###     parent: lxdbr0
###     type: nic
###
### Note that the name is shown but cannot be changed

name: default
config: {}
description: Default LXD profile
devices:
    eth0:
        nictype: bridged
        parent: br0

Step 7.  Launch a new container instance:

root@rack2-controller0:~# lxc launch ubuntu:yakkety rack2-maas-rack0
Creating rack2-maas-rack0
Retrieving image: 100%
Starting rack2-maas-rack0
root@rack2-controller0:~# lxc list
+------------------+---------+------+------+------------+-----------+
|       NAME       |  STATE  | IPV4 | IPV6 |    TYPE    | SNAPSHOTS |
+------------------+---------+------+------+------------+-----------+
| rack2-maas-rack0 | RUNNING |      |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |
+------------------+---------+------+------+------------+-----------+

Step 8.  Set the new container's network settings to the desired static address:

root@rack2-maas-rack0:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# Source interfaces
# Please check /etc/network/interfaces.d before changing this file
# as interfaces may have been defined in /etc/network/interfaces.d
# See LP: #1262951
#source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*.cfg

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.199.6
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        gateway 192.168.199.1
        dns-nameservers 192.168.199.1 192.168.1.1 8.8.8.8

Step 9.  Install maas-rack-controller:

apt install -y maas-rack-controller

Step 10. Add the new Rack controller to your region controller:

root@rack2-maas-rack0:~# maas-rack register --url=http://192.168.199.2/5240/MAAS --secret=e613b300be30450c07a724ac77819aae

Step 11.  Wait for the new rack controller to sync with the rest of the region:

Step 12.  Disable DHCP on your OTHER DHCP server:

Step 13. Configure MaaS DHCP:

Step 14:  Add DHCP reservations if needed.

Step 15. Manually configure hosts by MAC address to set static addresses via DHCP, or at least preserve their addresses from future allocation.

I will have to wait for the new rack controller to finish it''s sync operations before I can tell for sure that rack DHCP is working, but at least I have manual addresses up and running, and should be able to run the DHCP server now.


Can I download and install into another ubuntu partition?

Normally chroot would do the trick, as you said.

Mount the partition with the old Ubuntu and then sudo chroot /path/to/old/ubuntu/rootfs

Now you should be able to apply all changes to your old Ubuntu installation.

You can also use a Live-DVD/USB to chroot into your installation.


open the terminal and type

sudo apt-get install -f


Please post the output of following file:

cat /etc/fstab

and the output of following command:

df -h

Look at the kernel ring buffer for errors or warnings:

dmesg -k

To measure and see the startuptime of kernel and userspace (supposing you are using a systemd daemon):

systemd-analyze blame

This will show you the slowest units.


You can't use sudo with cd. To get into protected directories, you can type

sudo bash

To get a root login shell or type

su -

To log in as root in your current shell. The behavior of both is identical, the back end differences won't matter much for what you're doing.


If you are getting an HTTP error, you are connecting via HTTP, perhaps using a browser to access the files.

Solution: Don't use a browser, use a terminal instead.


How to update apache-utils 2.2 to 2.4 on ubuntu 12.04 LTS?

I was going to leave this as a comment, but I don't have enough rep to post a comment. So I will write it as an answer. This might help your cause or might not or maybe you have already found another solution. In any case, here is my solution. Adding a ppa that carries the latest package you are looking for. You can find one that fits your need. Or you can add this one, ppa:ondrej/php5. I use this ppa to stay up to date with php, but he started adding latest apache as well. Hope it helps, you or anyone else that might be looking for an answer. Thank you.

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php5


netplan with multiple vlans on single interface - help needed

The following works for me to define two vlans on one physical interface:

network:
    version: 2
    ethernets:
        ens3:
            addresses:
                - 192.168.122.201/24
            gateway4: 192.168.122.1
            nameservers:
                addresses: [192.168.122.1]
        ens8: {}

    vlans:
        vlan.101:
            id: 101
            link: ens8
            addresses: [192.168.101.1/24]
        vlan.102:
            id: 102
            link: ens8
            addresses: [192.168.102.1/24]

Notice, the vlan section is at the same level of indent as the ethernets key.  Both are contained within network.

ip link to show result:

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: ens3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:e4:bc:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: ens8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:7e:d5:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: vlan.101@ens8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:7e:d5:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: vlan.102@ens8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:7e:d5:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff


How to get Nautilus "real" compact mode in Ubuntu 13.04?

Unfortunately, there were a bunch of features removed by the developers of Nautilus with version 3.6, which is included by default in Ubuntu 13.04. Among those was the "compact view". Now only the regular icon view and the list view are available. To my knowledge there is no way to re-enable it, short of changing the code and compiling Nautilus yourself (well beyond my own ability).

The "bug" showing where compact mode was removed

Discussion on the GNOME mailing list

Edit:
One way to get the feature back is to downgrade Nautilus. The easiest way to do so is to add a PPA managed by webupd8.org, which will install a patched version of the older Nautilus 3.4.

Run these commands in a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/experiments
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
killall nautilus

For a full description of the patched version (and how to remove it), see here:
http://www.webupd8.org/2013/04/get-nautilus-34-features-back-in-ubuntu.html

N.B.: The instructions contain a warning, namely that if the dist-upgrade command attempts to remove packages, there is a problem and you should not continue. Otherwise things should be fine.


Problem with OS Ubuntu 17.10 hangs when working with video

Same issue here. It runs but then eventually hangs and doesn't respond. If I pause it then I can't restart it.
Very weird because VLC has never given me any issues and has been my favorite media player for a decade.

One thing I've read is to disable the "embedded" part so the window and controls are 2 different windows. Trying it now. Tools, Prefs, Show Settings All, search for embed, Video, "Embedded video", deselect it.

So far one day into testing, normal use plus some 4 hour videos and no hangs so the problem appears to be fixed.


Toshiba A505 Laptop looses all settings upon reboot


Audio not working kubuntu dell xps 13 9343

First Method:

Execute following commands one by one in terminal :

sudo apt-get remove --purge alsa-base pulseaudio

sudo apt-get install alsa-base pulseaudio

sudo alsa force-reload

Restart your system and see if sound works.

Second Method:

Open the terminal and edit speech-dispatcher file by using the following command:

sudo gedit /etc/default/speech-dispatcher

and change RUN=yes to RUN=no

Restart your system and see if it works.

If none of above works, try editing alsa-base.conf by following method:

Execute following commands in terminal

sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

and add this line to the file and save it, then reboot your system.

options snd-hda-intel model=auto


Install and use Hovercraft on Ubuntu 14.10

Ok, I found the problem: both pip and pip3 install the executable file in /usr/local/bin. Uninstalling from pip (python2) removes the binary. So I had to uninstall and re-install in pip3 to get things working.


How do I make apport file a bug report automatically?

From my personal experience, just filing a report with the name of the package and the trace is usually insufficient. You will be asked to provide further information such as the context in which the bug occurred and an outline on how to reproduce it. This will further help confirming, triaging and eventually solving the bug.

The bottom-line is some information cannot be retrieved "automatically" and user input will always be needed to improve the reporting quality.


With Ubuntu 11.04 and 11.10, why do I have to run commands to enable two finger scrolling?

just search mouse in unity select and open Mouse and Touchpad.
go to touch pad tab
and enable two finger scrolling


The GUI for GnuPG is called "seahorse"

You can install it by typing sudo apt-get install seahorse at a command prompt.


Terminator: keyboard shortcut to flip back-and-forth between two tabs

(I'm using terminator 0.97 on Debian Jessie derived Bunsen Linux)

My default terminator defines Ctrl+Tab as 'Focus the next terminal' (cycle-next) which seems to cycle through all the split terminals.

Shift+Ctrl+Tab shows as 'Focus the previous terminal' (cycle-prev)

Will that do what you want ?

(incidently, none of my key combinations with Page Up/Page Down does anything...)


Random images appearing in my home directory... Where are they coming from?

No amount of investigation actually solved this but I did stop using Liferea and started using Lightread for reading my RSS feeds. The images stopped popping up.


Because that feature is a hardware related feature you can map the keys for brightness UP and DOWN. I do not remember of the right article right now, but search for mapping keys, and you can make your keys change brightness. Probably you will have to edit a file. There is already a post about that. Sorry for no solution right now, but it is possible to solve it. ;)


Blank screen with blinking cursor after running xdiagnose

Allright, after a while of pulling my hair out, I went as far as removing the configuration files for gnome by this command

rm -rf .gnome .gnome2 .gconf .gconfd .metacity

This resulted I think in only putting my unity desktop back to its default setting, because what I did next solve my issue, and unity was reset to defaults, not sure which one did what, but just removing xdiagnose with:

sudo apt-get remove xdiagnose

didnt work, the command that removed all configurations for xdiagnose that did work was this:

sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove xdiagnose

Not sure what the big difference was, but it removed a ton more stuff, and even some sort of fglrx stuff that was still lingering I guess. the result is that Unity loaded up after restart and all applications and such were intact, just that I was at the default unity display liek fresh isntall because I removed those gnome config files I think. The problem though, was that it still was doing the debug bootup, doing all the green ok's and stuff when restartin gthe machine, so to fix that, I reinstalled xdiagnose:

sudo apt-get install xdiagnose

loaded it up, and to my surprise, all the features were checked, so I unchecked the top two options, and then the machine restarted as normal, using the xserver, and all is well in the world once again. Hope that helps someone in this mess.


Teamviewer! You can see and control what is in your PC from your phone.

(This solution was already in your comments by  @MichaelBay)


From the grub menu, I chose recovery option. This dropped me in to a text based system. I then, set sddm as my display manager and all is well.


Could not install platform-tools on Ubuntu 15.10

From IRC channel ubuntu I got solution.
Thanks , and  .. According to them download the sdk
on /home (~) and do the following stuff make the problem finished

wget http://dl.google.com/android/android-sdk_r24.4.1-linux.tgz

tar -xzf android-sdk_r24.4.1-linux.tgz

cd android-sdk-linux && ./tools/android

then my android sdk manager not shown any error...

Advise: Don't put sdk library in any other path than home of a user..

Thanks

Anes


I am pretty sure the System76 computers will work just fine with Windows. The parts in their computers are pretty standard it seems. There are even guides around for installing Windows alongside Ubuntu on these machines:
http://knowledge76.com/index.php/Windows_-_Add_MS_Windows_to_Your_System76_Machine

There are also drivers for Windows provided here: http://knowledge76.com/index.php/PanP4/PanP5

Windows 7/8 would most proably work out of the box just like on any other machine. I see no reason this should not behave like you want it to.


I had the same problem, and I solved it this way:

sudo apt install tuxguitar-alsa tuxguitar-jsa tuxguitar-oss

after this, go to Tools->Settings->Sound and select Gervill as Midi Port.


Should I upgrade dell dual-boot ubuntu from 12.04 to 14.04 (and maybe 16.04 and 18.04)?

First of all, you should probably not upgrade to 14.04.  14.04 will only be supported until april 2019. After that it's end of life with no new security updates.

At the moment, reinstalling with 18.04 makes most sense. You should probably not choose Ubuntu, as 1GB of RAM is very low by todays standards. A lighter flavor would probably work better, such as Lubuntu or Xubuntu.

Note that you will probably not be able to watch netflix anyway, as your hardware probably does not support modern video codecs in hardware, and is not fast enough to to video decoding in software.

My gut feeling would be to get a new computer. It's 15 years old...


How do i create a wifi - hotspot using my wired connection?

That's because it's operating in ad-hoc mode. Androids don't work well with ad-hoc networks unless you load them with custom firmware. I use Cyanogenmod. It can detect ad-hoc networks. However, ad hoc networks are EXTREMELY slow.


How to start apache while it shows fail to stop apache

I had the exact same issue. Since you are getting an error stopping Apache and ProFTP only, you need to delete these two files:

/opt/lampp/logs/httpd.pid

and

/opt/lampp/var/proftpd.pid

When you delete the httpd.pid, Apache is automatically killed. And similar happens when you remove the proftpd.pid.

So now you can go ahead and restart the server and new fresh files will be created. :)


Alternative way to toggle the menu

This answer is only "half" of the answer that was posted here . Since that question was on Gnome, and tagged likewise, I think it is legitimate to post a slightly edited version here to cover Lubuntu (lxde), or any other window manager.

I tested it on Lubuntu 14.04, and (as expected) did exactly what it should do.

The solution is actually a script that you can easily set up to automatically (virtually) click on any position on your screen, including the menu. Since clicking the menu once will open it, clicking it again will close it, placing the command under your key, as you did, will do exactly what you are after.

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time
import sys
import os

option = sys.argv[1]
datafile = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".run_click")

def get_mousepos():
    cursordata = subprocess.check_output(["xdotool", "getmouselocation"]).decode("utf-8").split()
    return [d.split(":")[1] for d in cursordata[:2]]

if option == "-run":
    try:
        data = open(datafile).read()
        coords = (" ").join([l for l in data.splitlines()])
    except FileNotFoundError:
        message = "Please run the command: 'run_click -set' first, to set the click position"
        subprocess.Popen(["zenity", "--info", "--text", message])
    else:
        cmd1 = "xdotool mousemove "+coords; cmd2 = "xdotool click 1"; cmd3 = "xdotool mousemove "+(" ").join(get_mousepos())
        for cmd in [cmd1, cmd2, cmd3]:
            subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd])
            time.sleep(0.05)
elif option == "-set":
    open(datafile, "wt").write(("\n").join(get_mousepos()))

About the script; how to set up

The script needs xdotool:

sudo apt-get install xdotool

Copy the script above into an empty file, save it as click_menu.py
Now you need to make the script remember the menu position to (virtually) click:

The script needs to be run with the option -set, with the mouse in position:

open a terminal window, type the command:

sleep 5 && python3 /path/to/click_menu.py -set

immediatley position the mouse above the menu (do not click)
after the 5 seconds have passed, the menu position is "remembered". The position is written to an invisible file, so you will only need to do this once.

Test if all works fine with the command:

python3 /path/to/click_menu.py -run

The menu should open, as shown in th image above.
If all works fine add the command:

python3 /path/to/click_menu.py -run

to the key, as you did with the other command you mentioned in your question. Now pressing the key should toggle the menu.


You have two issues:

!(doc) is an extended glob and extglob is turned off.  If your bash supports extglob, you can turn it on with:

shopt -s extglob

History expansion is turned on.  To turn if off, run

set -H

History expansion causes surprising things to happen when ! are used.  If you do not use history expansion, you can avoid surprises by turning it off.

Example

Let's consider a directory with these files:

$ ls
docs  file1  file2

Now, let's turn extglob off and history on and run your command:

$ shopt -u extglob; set -H
$ echo !(docs)
bash: !: event not found

This is exactly the error message that you reported.  Thus, this appears to be your situation.

Now, let's keep extglob off and turn history expansion off:

$ shopt -u extglob; set +H
$ echo !(docs)
bash: syntax error near unexpected token `('

This error is different from the one you reported.  This is not your situation.

Lastly, let's run your command with extglob on.  For completeness, we will try history expansion in both settings:

$ shopt -s extglob; set +H
$ echo !(docs)
file1 file2
$ shopt -s extglob; set -H
$ echo !(docs)
file1 file2

Both of these work.  Thus, as long as your shell supports extglob and has it turned on, your command should work.


Ubuntu 17.04 systemd-resolved configuration

it is now possible, under ubuntu 18.04 (systemd --version -> 237) to configure dns per link:
sudo systemd-resolve --interface lxdbr0 --set-dns 10.11.0.1 --set-domain lxd


Is there a way to check which font your shell/terminal emulator is using from the commandline?

The option Use the system fixed width font is usually equal and set by  org.gnome.desktop.interface.

To get current font setting run following command:

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface monospace-font-name

To set/change setting run following command (here example of increase size) :

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface monospace-font-name 'Ubuntu Mono 14'

As I run above command, I found font of your terminal changed (increased size)! So, gnome-terminal using that font setting.


'file --mime-type' vs 'mimetype' for php files

According to the manpage file doesn't use /etc/mime.types but the compiled definitions from /usr/share/misc/magic.mgc, the  plain text definitions from /etc/magic and some other files.

You can get the source code for /usr/share/misc/magic.mgc from the source code of the file package (have a look into the magic/ subfolder).

If you want file to return application/x-php add the following to /etc/magic:

# PHP scripts
# Ulf Harnhammar <ulfh@update.uu.se>
0       search/1/c      =<?php                  PHP script text
!:mime  application/x-php
0       search/1        =<?\n                   PHP script text
!:mime  application/x-php
0       search/1        =<?\r                   PHP script text
!:mime  application/x-php
0       search/1/w      #!\ /usr/local/bin/php  PHP script text executable
!:mime  application/x-php
0       search/1/w      #!\ /usr/bin/php        PHP script text executable
!:mime  application/x-php
# Smarty compiled template, http://www.smarty.net/
# Elan Ruusamäe <glen@delfi.ee>
0       string  =<?php\ /*\ Smarty\ version     Smarty compiled template
>24     regex   [0-9.]+                         \b, version %s
!:mime  application/x-php


How can one get involved in the Ubuntu Brainstorm team?

Great idea, I had a few ideas myself. You can start at http://brainstorm.ubuntu.com/, there are lots of ideas being voted for. Also HERE is a link to brainstorm moderators.
There is also Ubuntu QA Team mailing-list you can join.
good luck.


Will it work bettter than on windows Xp ?

Probably not.

  Will it affect my system in dangerous way?

No.

  Is it risky ?

No.

  Which version of Wine should I use for that ?

I would try the one from the Ubuntu archive.

  And if the game won't work properly, can I uninstall game and Wine ?

Yes.


Disabling Auto/Dwell Click doesn't work in ubuntu 12.04

Go to: System Settings > Universal Access.  Select Tab: Pointing and Clicking.  Turn Off: Hover Click


What package provides fonts for various languages?

This depends on what language fonts you are willing to install.

If you want to install only the fonts comes with ubuntu-desktop package, you can get the list using

apt-cache depends ubuntu-desktop | grep 'font\|ttf' | cut -f4 -d ' '

The fonts packages installed by default in a Live Ubuntu 16.04 are (found by grep-ing Ubuntu 16.04 manifest file)

fonts-arphic-ukai
fonts-arphic-uming
fonts-dejavu-core
fonts-freefont-ttf
fonts-guru
fonts-guru-extra
fonts-kacst
fonts-kacst-one
fonts-khmeros-core
fonts-lao
fonts-liberation
fonts-lklug-sinhala
fonts-lohit-guru
fonts-nanum
fonts-noto-cjk
fonts-opensymbol
fonts-sil-abyssinica
fonts-sil-padauk
fonts-stix
fonts-symbola
fonts-takao-pgothic
fonts-thai-tlwg
fonts-tibetan-machine
fonts-tlwg-garuda
fonts-tlwg-garuda-ttf
fonts-tlwg-kinnari
fonts-tlwg-kinnari-ttf
fonts-tlwg-laksaman
fonts-tlwg-laksaman-ttf
fonts-tlwg-loma
fonts-tlwg-loma-ttf
fonts-tlwg-mono
fonts-tlwg-mono-ttf
fonts-tlwg-norasi
fonts-tlwg-norasi-ttf
fonts-tlwg-purisa
fonts-tlwg-purisa-ttf
fonts-tlwg-sawasdee
fonts-tlwg-sawasdee-ttf
fonts-tlwg-typewriter
fonts-tlwg-typewriter-ttf
fonts-tlwg-typist
fonts-tlwg-typist-ttf
fonts-tlwg-typo
fonts-tlwg-typo-ttf
fonts-tlwg-umpush
fonts-tlwg-umpush-ttf
fonts-tlwg-waree
fonts-tlwg-waree-ttf
gsfonts
ttf-ancient-fonts-symbola
ttf-ubuntu-font-family
xfonts-base
xfonts-scalable

Or if you want to install fonts for a language, say thai, you can search using apt cache search thai | grep 'font\|ttf' and pick a font package from the list.

Here is another list of fonts available in Ubuntu repositories in Community Wiki page. It would be more convenient to choose from this list instead of grep-ing. But know that most of the package names there are starting with ttf- are now replaced with name starting with fonts-. So, you'll need to check fonts- version of a package name if ttf- doesn't work.


In Ubuntu GNOME, switching the keyboard layout lights the LED light

It is normal. It was set by ubiquity installer (or during upgrade) in /etc/default/keyboard.

I guess you should change

XKBOPTIONS="grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll"

to

XKBOPTIONS="grp:alt_shift_toggle"

Then update initramfs with sudo update-initramfs -u -k all (to change this in console sessions) and reboot.


Using Ubuntu derivatives *and* Ubuntu, how do I get the Ubuntu codename?

On Linux Mint you can source /etc/os-release and access the Ubuntu codename that way:

source /etc/os-release
echo $UBUNTU_CODENAME # xenial

Alternatively, you could extract it with sed

sed 's/UBUNTU_CODENAME=//;t;d' /etc/os-release # xenial

On Linux Mint Sylvia, this is what /etc/os-release looks like:

NAME="Linux Mint"
VERSION="18.3 (Sylvia)"
ID=linuxmint
ID_LIKE=ubuntu
PRETTY_NAME="Linux Mint 18.3"
VERSION_ID="18.3"
HOME_URL="http://www.linuxmint.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://forums.linuxmint.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/linuxmint/"
VERSION_CODENAME=sylvia
UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenial


Can't watch HD-quality videos in VLC Media Player (Ubuntu Mate)

Do you have an Nvidia card? If that's the case, it's a bug, look here: https://trac.videolan.org/vlc/ticket/16877

As for installing videos, that's called totem.

sudo apt install totem


Are there any upcoming changes that can help people who are bad with names?

Well, can't speak about the future but here's a little something that will give you a list of software that your OS knows about:

for files in /usr/share/applications/*.desktop; do grep -e "^Exec=" -e "^Name=" $files | sed 's/Exec=/Command: /g' | sed 's/Name=/Name: /g' >> ~/Desktop/mgtl.txt ; done

So, after running this code by copying (Ctrl+C) and pasting it (Ctrl + Alt + V) into a terminal and then pressing Enter, you'll find a file called mgtl.txt on your Desktop. This file will look like this (in part):

Name: Report a problem...
Command: /usr/share/apport/apport-gtk -c %f
Name: Audacity
Command: audacity %F
Name: Bluetooth Manager
Command: blueman-manager
Name: Catfish File Search
Command: catfish
Name: Composer
Command: /usr/local/seamonkey/seamonkey --edit %U
Name: UXTerm
Command: uxterm
Name: XTerm
Command: xterm
Name: ImageMagick (display)
Command: /usr/bin/display.im6 %f
Name: Document Viewer
Command: evince %U

Notes:

the file is called mgtl.txt because MG&TL wrote the code :)
the order of Name and Command may sometimes be "off" because some .desktop files have more than one Name and Command (line starting with Exec=), but not always in the same order.


hostapd error "nl80211: Could not configure driver mode"

As @bain has rightly pointed out, there is a bug raised in launchpad for this very purpose. This workaround suggested there works perfectly for me:

sudo nmcli nm wifi off
sudo rfkill unblock wlan

sudo ifconfig wlan0 10.15.0.1/24 up
sleep 1
sudo service isc-dhcp-server restart
sudo service hostapd restart

The first two lines stop wlan from network manager, and then unblocks the interface, so ifconfig can work.

UPDATE: But if for the first command you get the error message Error: Object 'nm' is unknown then use this instead:

sudo nmcli radio wifi off

The next commands uses ifconfig to bring up wlan and allows a second's delay,
then restart the dhcp server (though I did not need this restart in my setup), and finally
start the hostapd service.

It should now start w/o any issues.


I had the same problem with WSL 2 MySQL-Server; I fixed it by replacing 127.0.0.1 in the config of workbench connection with localhost.
127.0.0.1 config

Localhost config

I hope it will be useful for someone!


Packages for Pacemaker & Corosync for Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS

I'm looking it too :)
Maybe you can find it from below links.

Pacemaker

https://github.com/ClusterLabs/pacemaker


How does Unity decide the icon background colours?

Looks like it's using the average (RGB) of the colors of the icon.

Take a look at the upstream code for details.


snap keepassxc error udev_enumerate_scan failed

The error most likely stems from the recent kernel update. I think there are two workarounds. In both cases you can first remove the keepassxc snap package with: sudo snap remove keepassxc

Then, either install the unofficial debian package (this is suggested in the open issue on GitHub: https://github.com/keepassxreboot/keepassxc/issues/1058)

Or, download the official AppImage. (Before running the AppImage, you have to make it executable: either by Right-Clicking on it, then Properties -> Permissions and checking "Allow executing file as program", or with command: chmod a+x KeePassXC-2.2.1-x86_64.AppImage
See here for more info on AppImages: https://appimage.org/)


Why do I still see an Apache site on Nginx?

Even after you remove apache2 completely, you will still have its "default site" files sitting in /var/www/. By default, Nginx will attempt to serve these or its own version of these files for sites it cannot otherwise match. You can see this all in /etc/nginx/sites-available/default.

What you're seeing is by design, it was just unexpected.

To fix it, you can edit or remove the default site... Or alter the files in /var/www/ to better suit your needs. If you want rid of the default, you can delete /etc/nginx/sites-available/default. It's just a symlink so if you want to restore it, you can with:

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-{available,enabled}/default

And remember to reload after making configuration changes:

sudo service nginx configtest  # make sure the config is good before reloading!
sudo service nginx reload


Can't login and no password prompt when trying to login as root on console on Ubuntu 18.04 running inside LXC

I debugged this by looking in /var/log/auth.log.

The unsuccessful logins under Proxmox 4.4 looked like

Feb 28 10:19:56 host1 login[19577]: pam_securetty(login:auth): access denied: tty '/dev/pts/0' is not secure !
Feb 28 10:19:59 host1 login[19577]: FAILED LOGIN (1) on '/dev/pts/0' FOR 'root', Authentication failure

while the successful logins under Proxmox 5.3 looked like (ignore that middle line)

Feb 28 10:37:37 host2 login[3519]: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user root by LOGIN(uid=0)
Feb 28 10:37:37 host2 login[3519]: pam_systemd(login:session): Failed to create session: Seat has no VTs but VT number not 0
Feb 28 10:37:37 host2 login[3557]: ROOT LOGIN  on '/dev/tty1'

Something changed in Proxmox 5.3 so that the virtual console is now on /dev/tty1 rather than /dev/pts/0 under Proxmox 4.4

I have solved this by adding

pts/0

to /etc/securetty. I'm not sure if this is introducing a security hole though. I hope we can upgrade our Proxmox nodes soon.


Computer reboots instead of shutting down

Turns out it was due to BIOS settings. Under the "Power tab", all "Wake on X" settings should be set to 0". Now the computer turns off properly.


I had the same problem with Ubuntu 16.04. The hint to solving this was when I ran

sudo dhclient

and got the following message: /etc/resolvconf/update.d/libc: Warning: /etc/resolv.conf is not a symbolic link to /run/resolvconf/resolv.conf

The steps I took after that were from here: Resolvconf -u gives the error "resolvconf: Error: /etc/resolv.conf must be a symlink"

That is, running these steps solved the problem:

sudo rm /etc/resolv.conf
sudo ln -s /run/resolvconf/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
sudo resolvconf -u

I hope this helps someone with the same problem.


Run
chmod +x filename

It will grant execution permissions for this file.


How can I highlight parts in a screenshot

There was Shutter but the edit (marking some parts) feature is a bit hard to enable under recent Ubuntu.
Personaly familiar with Shutter, I did enable the edit feature by downloading missing debs. It works fine

sudo apt install shutter
wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/libgoocanvas-common_1.0.0-1_all.deb
wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/libgoocanvas3_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb
wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/libgoo-canvas-perl_0.06-2ubuntu3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libgoocanvas3_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libgoo-canvas-perl_0.06-2ubuntu3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libgoocanvas-common_1.0.0-1_all.deb
sudo apt --fix-broken install

If you prefer some out of box app, you can take a look to Flameshot (available in Ubuntu repositories via apt)

sudo apt install flameshot


Indeed the boot USB was not bootable.
I think it was maybe a problem with the usb image writer that comes with Linux mint. Anyhow I made a new USB-image and it installed like a charm..


It is already enabled. vendor preset: disabled means that the default upon installation is to keep it disabled, but it seems to have been enabled afterwards. There's no need to change the vendor preset, and to change it you'll need to rebuild the package.


setfacl -m d:g:grpB:-wx /tmp/testgrp/ This works for me.

When grpA:userA creates a file under /tmp/testgrp/testA and

When grpB:userB tries to cat the file, it throws a message saying permission denied.

But the same user(grpB:UserB) tries to touch /tmp/testgrp/testB it creates a file named testB and grpA:UserA can do cat /tmp/testgrp/testB to display the file contents

Hope this helps


Agent admitted failure to sign using the key

You should be able to fix this error by loading your keys into your SSH agent with ssh-add:

Type ssh-add in your terminal, on the root folder where you want to clone the project.


Managing a laptop with dual graphics cards?

I've got a 750m in my system, and with Ubuntu 14.04 and the proprietary drivers (Available by going to: System Settings > Software & Updates > Additional Drivers)

I can enable/disable the card when I want, and set up profiles for it.

Bumblebee is a headache and I never got it to work the way it was supposed to.

How attached are you to using 13.10 ? I say update to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.


How do I install ndiswrapper support for an unsupported RTL8723DE wireless module?

To install the module for the RTL8723DE chipset, first determine your kernel using uname -r if your kernel is lower than 4.11, do
sudo apt-get install build-essential dkms git
git clone -b 4.10-down https://github.com/jeremyb31/rtl8723de.git
sudo dkms add ./rtl8723de
sudo dkms install rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414
Then reboot

If you have kernel 4.11 and newer do
sudo apt-get install build-essential dkms git
git clone https://github.com/jeremyb31/rtl8723de.git
sudo dkms add ./rtl8723de
sudo dkms install rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414
Then reboot

If you wish to stop power management for the device and change the logging level to minimum
echo "options 8723de rtw_power_mgnt=0 rtw_drv_log_level=0" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/8723de.conf

If you have UEFI, Secure Boot will need to be disabled for the module to load.


How turn off page header on print in Chrome Browser?

I managed to find a trick in Chrome Browser, though I'm not sure it's the best solution.

By using the custom margin option in the printing dialog and dragging the top margin up a little bit.

I'd still appreciate any better suggestions.


No sound in built in speakers just "dummy output" as output device

The problem was solved choosing the right default sound card following this solution  Changing default sound card


upgrade to 12.04 causes inactive desktop

The option you want from the login screen is obtained by clicking the 'Ubuntu' icon to the right of the login dialogue box.  I'm not sure, but I think you ought to be able to tab to this and select.  The option you want is Unity 2D.


Problem with video playback Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

if you're switching from an old machine there are probably drivers for your audio and video that you need to install, try looking online for linux drivers that you may need to manually implement.

Or add more to you question with information on your unknown graphics and I may be able to find some drivers for this.


It doesnt open the Users Settings, System Settings

Do you have the latest updates in your system?

Open a terminal and do the following commands.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Then reboot you system and try again.


Ubuntu 14.04 hangs at startup after installing CUDA toolkit 7.5

Update

Sigh.. Jumped the gun too soon. I was reading this and noticed that when I viewed /etc/X11/xorg.conf I had:

Section "ServerLayout"Identifier "layout"Screen 0 "nvidia" Inactive "intel"EndSection

This is even though my single monitor is connected to the onboard display adapter for my Intel card. So doing:

sudo service lightdm stopsudo prime-select intel

as mentioned on that page then editing the config file section to be (not really sure if the previous 2 commands were even needed):

Section "ServerLayout"Identifier "layout"Screen 0 "intel"Inactive "nvidia"EndSection

And then rebooting seems to have solved the problem. Hopefully this helps save some time for someone..


Ubuntu Desktop app, allow for navigation through files with arrow keys

Indeed, that functionality to browse through different files is not provided by the operating system, but by the application eog itself.
In your C++ application, you will need to implement this yourself. You will need to write code that makes your program to read the contents of the folder where the opened file resides. Then, you need to implement the keybindings that causes your application to load the next or previous file in the list.


No sound from external speakers/headphones (jack)

Type alsamixer into your terminal. Then scroll with your directional keys to the right until the tab "auto-mute" is highlighted red. If your problem is anything like mine, it will be "Enabled." Hit the up directional arrow to change the status to "Disabled." That did the trick for me.


Had the same issue when trying to install cassandra on 16.04. Solved it with:

wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/109052632/python-support_1.0.15_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i python-support_1.0.15_all.deb

Source: https://github.com/ajenti/ajenti/issues/903#issuecomment-215569332


Sending an SSD back, disk is encrypted; how erased is erased?

If you overwrite the keys of an LVM encrypted volume the data is unrecoverable. However, see below.

There are several tools available to flip bits. Examples are 'wipe' 'sdelete' and 'eraser'. you can apt-get install wipe or apt-get install secure-delete (or nwipe, or nautilus-wipe ...)

The paranoid viewpoint (and also mine) is that these do not provide a reliable deletion on modern disks, and maybe especially on SSDs. The reason is that disks have controllers that may be able to cache "interesting" data in invisible locations. SSDs definitely rotate memory addresses for "wear leveling" purposes, and thus it is conceivable that "bit-flipped" data may have copies somewhere that is not addressable -- and thus doesn't get bit-flipped.

It is even possible that a disk's firmware may invisibly copy disk encryption keys. (What could me more "interesting" than these?)

You will need to decide how much risk is acceptable, with the most extreme option being physical destruction of the disk.

Respectfully,
Rich


Ubuntu 18.04.3: Windows Domain Join Guide

I'm not sure i this is the right place to share my experience. I have resolved a very long lasting problem, and wanted to post about it. Ubuntu 18.04 sssd ad integration works fine but a couple of hours later, ad users cannot login anymore, doing nothing some time later they can login.
I have been crazy for the last 6 months to figure out why their login are rejected. The error was "Realm not local to KDC". But i'm 100% sure it is local to KDC. I haven't find a clue until I turned on sssd debug 9.
In a multi domain environment sssd-ad auto discovery returns domain controllers (kdc) other than the dc's of ad_domain which is set in sssd.conf Of course the realm of the login is not local for the other domains.
Shortly if you are experiencing this specific problem, set ad_server = dc.yourdomain.com in sssd.conf. Don't trust sssd auto discovery in multi domain environment.


Use a PPA, or use a package for a different Ubuntu version?

"(I'm not anticipating using RVM or installing from source, because we want admin to be as risk-free as possible)"

First off, whenever you use a package from a different version of ubuntu.. or a PPA version, you risk severely complicating your dpkg database because it's dependencies may require upgrades as well (according to dpkg, at least)

The PPA is a much safer approach because it's made for lucid and therefore should be built on dependencies available in lucid.

Installing from source or RVM is actually an even safer approach because it allows you to install outside of your dpkg database. This is what I've preferred doing in the past.
I am not sure what risk you think comes with installing from source, but from my experience.. there isn't any. The only problem is that it's not managed by a package manager and will not automatically update or uninstall. But this is actually what we want in this case.

EDIT: I guess the risk is that someone might be incompetent and forget to document what they installed, etc. Just make sure you do the following-

Document what you installed.
Keep the source files in a directory in case you wish to do a make uninstall

I usually just keep a "installed" directory with all the source trees I have compiled and installed. That's enough documentation for me.


How can I reset my desktop to be like new?

Since login to guest works nice why not create a new user, backup your files in to the new user account, delete the old user?


Not enough free space to update ubuntu version

My second paragraph is for upgrade version... not just kernel... but backup needed anyway and is a solution also to get rid of this problem forever

The easy solution is to boot from a live cd and use gparted to shrink the partition right to the /boot partition and then pull right (increase) the /boot partition. 250MB would be enough for now and at least next 5 years.

My suggestion is to take backup (Anyway need that before updates or using gparted) and then make a new install without boot partition (except possible efi_boot or grub_boot)... Separate boot partitions are not useful and causes such problems. Also, a fresh install is always a better option because many things fails on update sometimes and many other remains and not needed


This is how I installed the ATI driver for Ubuntu 13.10 and 14.04.

Reboot. When the black screen appears, press some of the cursor
keys and a box will appear with a message about an X server error.
Press CTRL + ALT + F1 to get a tty terminal.
Log in as root. The password is your own password that you set during installation.
Remove the Xorg drivers. apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-radeon
Reboot.
Repeat steps 1-3.
apt-get update
apt-get install fglrx-amdcccle-updates
aticonfig --initial
Reboot.

You should now have a working desktop. You will find the AMD Catalyst Control Centre in the menu, although I have never found a need to change any of the settings.


You can try to use the gconftool-2 - GNOME configuration tool to change the starthidden value from true to false.

1) Open a Terminal window Ctrl+Alt+T and type:

gconftool-2 --set /apps/minbar/prefs/starthidden --type=bool false

2) Finally open the minbar application and the Gui should be activated.

Hope this helps.


The easiest way I can think of is to remove their ability to run the program. For example, if you are using google chrome open a terminal window using Ctrl+Alt+T and use:

$ which google-chrome
/usr/bin/google-chrome
$ ll /usr/bin/google-chrome
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 Mar  5  2016 /usr/bin/google-chrome -> /etc/alternatives/google-chrome*
$ sudo chmod 700 /usr/bin/google-chrome

At first this appears not to work when we do another ll but that is because /usr/bin/google-chrome is a link, to a link, to a link, to a link. We need to follow the links to see it really did work:

$ ll /usr/bin/google-chrome
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 Mar  5  2016 /usr/bin/google-chrome -> /etc/alternatives/google-chrome*
$ ll /etc/alternatives/google-chrome
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Mar  5  2016 /etc/alternatives/google-chrome -> /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable*
$ ll /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Aug  1 20:23 /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable -> /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome*
$ ll /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome
-rwx------ 1 root root 2112 Aug  1 20:23 /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome*

Did I say this was the easiest way?... hmmm.

To reverse the changes (short-cutting the link following above) use:

$ sudo chmod 777 /usr/bin/google-chrome
$ ll /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2112 Aug  1 20:23 /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome*

If you have questions on a specific program post them in comments below and I'll try to figure them out for you.


Your question may have been answered here:
The screen locks as soon as I close the lid of my laptop

In this response, Cornelius advises:
Go to Gnome Control Center --> Brightness and Lock and turn off Lock and uncheck require my password.

You probably want to leave "require my password" checked for your purposes, but this may help you with your issue.


.torrent is a torrent file using that file you should be able to download .iso file of ubuntu and locate iso file on rufus and you will be able to create ubuntu on usb.  To download torrent file use any torrent client software like utorrent bittorrent or transmission etc.

I hope this will help you.


Where is appletouch.c stored in lubuntu?

appletouch.c is included in the kernel source code (under drivers/input/mouse).

You can view it online using the Ubuntu kernel git repo here.
To modify appletouch.c you'll have to recompile the 14.04 kernel (or at least this kernel module).

To get the 14.04 kernel source, you can use this command: apt-get source linux-source-3.13.0


How to remove envelope from Indicator applet without uninstalling the indicator-messages package?

If you just want the messaging menu to hide you can blacklist all of the applications that are in it.  You can do that by copying all the application links to your local black list directory.  Here is the command line way to do that:

  mkdir -p ~/.config/indicators/messages/applications-blacklist
  cp /usr/share/indicators/messages/applications/* ~/.config/indicators/messages/applications-blacklist

The first time you create the blacklist directory you'll need to restart your session (log out and back in) and then the messaging menu should hide itself.


Failed to download repository information 12.10

As I know it means that this ppa is offline or not working. So you have to delete this PPA by ppa-purge or by gui tool Y PPA manager

To install Y PPA manager:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

And then find Gwibber PPA and remove it.

P.S. But Gwibber ppa is have to work.


How can I install unity instead of gnome in Ubuntu 18.04

Yes, this is possible.

Run:

sudo apt install ubuntu-unity-desktop

Then logout. Select Unity as the desktop environment and then login as normal.

Once you're logged in with Unity, you may remove GNOME if you want. Do so with the following commands:

sudo apt remove ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt remove gdm3
sudo apt autoremove

Then install LightDM:

sudo apt install lightdm

If prompted to choose default Window Manager during installation, select LightDM.

Reboot and you should boot into the LightDM login screen. You can then login and you should be greeted by the Unity desktop.


No GUI on ubuntu 12.04 Server after install ubuntu-desktop

It's possible that you don't have an X server running yet; try running startx and see if that works.


How to remove system dependency packages for a ROS package?

The short answer is that you cannot do it easily.

Apt keeps track of which packages you specified to install (manual) and which packages were merely included (auto).

Example:

$ sudo apt install foo bar                 // Manual
The following additional packages will be installed:
  baz, libfoo1, libfoo2, libbar            // Auto

An admin ordered the system to install 'foo' and 'bar'. They will remain installed until an admin orders the system to uninstall them. They will never be autoremoved.

If doesn't matter if 'bar' is actually a dependency of 'foo'. The human has spoken, and both are set to manual.

It is the admin's responsibility to keep track of manually-selected dependencies.

If your /var/log/apt logs go back far enough, those logs will tell you exactly which packages were added. That can be a great help.


How to install FamilySearch Indexing on Ubuntu 16.04

I documented my attempt in Family Search for Linux patch set for any JVM ≥ 1.6 :

  Family Search for Linux patch set for any JVM ≥ 1.6

  Prerequisites

  You can install all of the following packages with a single apt install command. I just listed them here separately to explain each of them.

  A Java runtime environment of at least version 1.6. On Debian you
  can install one like this:

sudo apt install default-jre

  According to Getting FamilySearch Indexing to work in Ubuntu
  14.04
  you also need a few shared libraries:

sudo apt install libgtk2.0-0:i386 libxtst6:i386 libxtst6:i386 libx11-dev:i386 libz1:i386 libncurses5:i386 libbz2-1.0:i386 libxi6 libxtst6 libxrender1

  They were already installed on my system so I haven't tested the veracity of that claim.
  The wget and patch tools:

sudo apt install wget patch

  Installation instructions

  Download the Unix installer.

wget -c https://indexing.familysearch.org/downloads/Indexing_unix.sh

  Download the patch set.

wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/davidfoerster/a7eb57becee7d5c44a3f5d9df89e2a78/raw/Indexing_unix.sh.patch https://gist.githubusercontent.com/davidfoerster/a7eb57becee7d5c44a3f5d9df89e2a78/raw/indexing.patch

  Patch the installer.

patch -b Indexing_unix.sh < Indexing_unix.sh.patch

  Run the installer.

./Indexing_unix.sh

  Patch the installed application.

patch -p2 -d ~/.FamilySearchIndexing < indexing.patch

  … and you're good to go.

  Tested with OpenJDK 1.8 on Ubuntu 14.04.


If you're running Ubuntu and looking for local firewall configurations, instead of iptables, check out ufw (aka, Uncomplicated Firewall).  It should be installed by default.  To get started, try typing "sudo ufw --help"


Virtualbox Only Allows 32bit VMs on Ubuntu 20.10

This happens because you don't have one, or both, of the virtualization options enabled in your BIOS.
Reboot your computer and enter the setup pages. It will vary based on OEM, but it's often F2. Once you're in there, it is also going to vary. You'll be looking for two options that look similar to:
Intel Virtualization Technology and Intel VT-d Feature
Make sure both are enabled and make sure you save the settings before rebooting your computer. You'll need to check carefully, as this too will vary per OEM and models.


What version of clonezilla live should I use?

The version depends on your hardware, not on the operating systems you have installed. for example, you have Windows Vista 32 Bit and Ubuntu 12.10 64 Bit, which means that you have hardware that can either use 32 bit or 64 bit software. With that in mind let us look into your list:

clonezilla-live-2.1.1-7-amd64.zip
clonezilla-live-2.1.1-7-amd64.iso
clonezilla-live-2.1.1-7-i486.zip
clonezilla-live-2.1.1-7-i486.iso
clonezilla-live-2.1.1-7-i686-pae.zip
clonezilla-live-2.1.1-7-i686-pae.iso

Since what we want is to burn the image, we go with the .iso files which leaves us like this

clonezilla-live-2.1.1-7-amd64.iso
clonezilla-live-2.1.1-7-i486.iso
clonezilla-live-2.1.1-7-i686-pae.iso

Since you have a system that supports 64 Bit you can use the clonezilla-live-2.1.1-7-amd64.iso version. You can also use the i686-pae but it is better to use a 64 Bit version of a 64 Bit supported hardware.

Now, after downloading the 64 bit iso, do not worry about cloning a 32 bit Windows or Linux OS. Like I said before, the version to download depends on the hardware. So with the 64 Bit version you can clone either a 32 Bit version or a 64 Bit version of an OS installed without any problem.


ethernet not working after upgrading to Ubuntu 16.04

Check if it reaches your router via ethernet: ping 192.168.1.1 (it might have different IP, check your connection informations).

Then try some external servers, like: ping ubuntu.com.

You can also try reseting iptables:

## set default policies to let everything in
iptables --policy INPUT   ACCEPT;
iptables --policy OUTPUT  ACCEPT;
iptables --policy FORWARD ACCEPT;

## start fresh
iptables -Z; # zero counters
iptables -F; # flush (delete) rules
iptables -X; # delete all extra chains

16.04 also got a firewall, you can also check it (gufw - link should be in system settings), but if WiFi works, might not be an issue...


Is there any free dictation software for Ubuntu 18.04?

Thanks to advice from @Bruni, I've made a DIY system for this.

I installed a virtual machine of android on VMware Player- here's a guide: https://www.tactig.com/install-android-nougat-vmware/. I used the https://www.blissos.org v11 variant though.
Afterwards, I installed and set up KDE Connect and GBoard.
Finally, I used Google Offline Speech Recognition to have my speech typed live into any app of my choice.

Please note that you may have to select voice recognition as the keyboard, then quickly switch to the app to type into.


No sound output available after upgrade to 19.10

I had a similar problem after upgrading to Ubuntu 19.04. It seems that timitity-daemon was blocking the audio device on system startup.

So I tried:

sudo apt purge timidity-daemon

to remove timidity-daemon and it worked on my site.

If this doesn't work on your installation, you may reinstall it with:

sudo apt-get install timidity

Other solutions I found are the same with what you have tried before.


Getting Jungledisk working on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

I fixed this same problem in Ubuntu 15.04 64-bit using the instructions for installing the "Indicator Systemtray Unity" as described in the answer to this question here:
How to re-enable the systray (indicator panel) after latest updates
After following the installation instructions, including logging out and logging back in, the new applet was present. Clicking on the applet revealed my previously-hidden system tray icons, including jungledisk. Clicking on that jungledisk icon brought me to the jungledisk window, where I could do backups and restores.


Google Chrome: Math symbols don't appear correctly

Normally preinstalled Ubuntu does not contain some proprietary fonts.
The page uses Symbol font.

I installed it with the following actions:

Installed GNOME Font Viewer with sudo apt-get install gnome-font-viewer (or if you use MATE DE you can install MATE Font Viewer sudo apt-get install mate-control-center)
Downloaded Symbol font from the link with browser.
Opened downloaded font by clicking on it and clicked Install font button
Closed web browser and opened it again on page.
Got all equations rendered correctly.

Note: you can use other question "How do I install fonts?" for screenshots.


xmodmap and keyboard shortcuts: How does the system work? (19.04, Xorg)

I've set up a repo here, that turns some of the answers below into practical steps. https://github.com/bjohas/Ubuntu-keyboard-map-like-OS-X

Here are some partial answers:

Question 1a: xkb and gnome-settings. xmodmap still works, but seems to be older than xkb. xkb is faster than xmodmap, see https://github.com/bjohas/Ubuntu-keyboard-map-like-OS-X. Gnome-settings is also briefly described there.

Question 1b: Yes.

Question 3/4a/b: Unsure.

Question 5/6: xmodmap seems to be outdated. The repo above provides some sample scripts that help remap modifier keys. Unsure about the number of entries in the xmodmap columns, but better to look at xkb instead!

Question 7: Unsure, but should be xkb is quite flexible.

Overall, https://github.com/bjohas/Ubuntu-keyboard-map-like-OS-X gives a number of recipies that can serve as starting points.


what is the best way to keep the Ubuntu system clean?

You can do it with many ways.

You can clean partial packages using below command

sudo apt-get autoclean

You can auto cleanup apt cache

sudo apt-get clean

You can cleaning up of any unused dependencies

sudo apt-get autoremove

You can use cleanup system tools like

Ubuntu Tweak
Sweeper
GCleaner

I hope it will help you to run your computer smoothly...


You should download appropriate ISO image first.
Then create a bootable USB stick with the help of an external program or simply burn image to cd.
Now you can try to boot from USB and install. The process is very simple and most of the time is automated, you should only select several options during setup process i.e. don't forget to select install is openness.


It seems there is no way to rotate texts in Shutter. There was a bug report requesting this feature on launchpad. See here. You can visit the bug report and click on This bug affects me link (I too clicked on that link btw).

However, You can easily create a vertical text line using GIMP. To do so, after completing your edits with shutter. Use Menu -> Screenshot -> Open with to directly open the file in Gimp.

From GIMP's toolbox, add text (don't forget to set matching color with arrow if you like) and then using Menu -> Layer -> Transform rotate it. Then move the text object at your desired location on the picture.

Use Menu -> File -> Overwrite to save it. You'll have the edited screenshot with rotated text in shutter.


How can I direct apt-get to download package and its dependencies to some other location?

You can download a package and all its dependencies with the following command, provided neither the package nor its dependencies are installed in the machine:

sudo apt-get --download-only -o Dir::Cache="/path/to/destination/dir/" \
    -o Dir::Cache::archives="./" install package_name


Install Ubuntu onto an external HDD then install that HDD in a computer?

I have a laptop that I set a BIOS password on and have since forgotten. (...) So I'm wondering if I were to take the HDD out of the laptop and set it up in an External HDD enclosure and format that and install Ubuntu onto it from another computer and then put it back in my laptop, if that will work to install it instead of continuing the fiddle wit he BIOS password.

It sounds like you're assuming the BIOS password is somehow stored on the hard drive, which is incorrect. If you do what you suggest, the BIOS will still be password protected. Your primary problem here is how to get rid of the BIOS password, and your proposed solution will not work. I'd guess that you probably need to get the motherboard battery out in order to reset the BIOS memory.

Furthermore, this question is in no way Ubuntu related. The first sentence tells the story:

  I have a laptop that I set a BIOS password on and have since forgotten.

The BIOS is independent of what operating system you may or may not have on your harddrive.


The author of this question answered their own question in an edit:

  SDL can be found in /usr/local/lib instead of /usr/lib, which is where I was pointed to after online research.


screenfetch and neofetch shows diffirent GPU for the same system

I am not completely familiar with how neofetch and screenfetch work internally, but if you look at the Wikipedia page here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_HD_7000_series
You'll note that the 716M 40 nm transistors are codenamed Turks, which are likely what your GPU uses. Basically, one command shows the GPU family name, whereas the other one uses a more specific codename pertaining to the specific GPU model.


how to install Ubuntu on Asus Transformer TF101

First create Live usb by following these steps here :
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows

Remember : Format your USB
Make sure its compatible

Then the installation part :
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-ubuntu-desktop
This will wipe your hard disk and windows
You may have to purchase windows again if you dont want ubuntu after installing

If you want both windows and ubuntu then follow these :
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot

http://lifehacker.com/5403100/dual-boot-windows-7-and-ubuntu-in-perfect-harmony


When will the next LTS version of Ubuntu be released?

A new Long Term Support (LTS) version is usually released every two years. The current LTS version is Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (code name "Lucid Lynx"), which was released during April 2010.  Thus the next LTS is road-mapped to be Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (code name not yet known), with a release date expected on 26 April 2012.

With the Long Term Support (LTS) version you get 3 years support for Ubuntu Desktop, and 5 years support for Ubuntu Server.

See the wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS article for more information.


Dual Boot Ubuntu 14.04 on Win 10 PC - WiFi not Enabled

To upgrade you would have to do a sudo apt full-upgrade. But you would have to have an internet connection. Have you tried the wired network to see if that at least works ?


How to install pre-installed Ubuntu 12.04 in beagleboard-xm board?

From my own experience using a BeagleBoard, the preinstalled images from Canonical do not install well.  Following the instructions here to create a running installation via netinstall may be more advantageous: http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Method_2:_Use_the_NetInstall_method.  I have done those three or four times and currently have my BeagleBoard-xM running Xubuntu 12.04.


Is it possible to grow a luks-encrypted external raid5 array?

Just a few clarifications, pre-chewed wisdom for weak teeth. Like a lot of Linux documentation this helpful tutorial assumes a little more knowledge than some regular users may have.

You can figure out what your RAID array is called by looking at the /dev directory, it will be md#, e.g. md0 or md1, etc. To get more details about the RAID arrays so you can pick the right one try this command:

 mdadm -D /dev/md#

with # being the number of the array. It will give you info like this:

Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 512K

           Name : we:0  (local to host we)
           UUID : 94777f33ltjj97
         Events : 136

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8        2        0      active sync   /dev/sda2
       1       8       18        1      active sync   /dev/sdb2
       2       8       34        2      active sync   /dev/sdc2
       4       8       50        3      active sync   /dev/sdd2

No quotation marks are present in the command to grow the RAID file system and the "-n" refers to the new total number of drives in the array.  So if you are expanding a RAID 5 array from 4 to five drives you might use this:

mdadm --grow -n 5 /dev/md2

Run this command to see how the RAID incorporation is going:

cat /proc/mdstat

With a big drive and a slow system the resizing the RAID could take a very long time, even days.  When it reaches 100% you are ready for the next step. If you have LVM partitioning over a LUKS encrypted partition first you need to resize the encrypted volume.  To figure it out you can look at the /dev/mapper folder. Select the encrypted volume, not any of the LVM logical volumes.Since my system was running I apparently didn't need to do the first of the commands the tutorial gives:

  cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md0 md0_crypt

    *Device md0_crypt already exists*

If the second command works it will not give any output, like so many Linux commands:

cryptsetup resize md0_crypt

Next it is time to resize the LVM scheme. I figured out what to run the pvresize command on with this command: pvs -o +tags

pvs -o +tags
  *PV         VG   Fmt  Attr PSize PFree PV Tags
  /dev/dm-0  vg0  lvm2 a--  1.02g    0*

So I ran the pvresize command on the physical volume, and it told me it had succeeded.

pvresize /dev/dm-0
  *Physical volume "/dev/dm-0" changed
  1 physical volume(s) resized / 0 physical volume(s) not resized*

Next decide which logical volume you wish to expand with the lvdisplay command. That will tell you what your logical volumes are called. The name of your volume group will be in the /dev folder. In my case I used:

lvdisplay /dev/vg0

Look at the fields that say "LV Name"
I decided to add all the new space to one of my logical volumes using this command:

lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-system
  Extending logical volume system to 7.17 GiB
  Logical volume system successfully resized

Finally, you can resize the LVM so the changes take effect using the resize2fs command.

resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-system
*resize2fs 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg0-system is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg0-system to 1879040 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg0-system is now 1879040 blocks long.*

After that process finishes (which may take a while) you can use the 'df -h' command to see the new size of your file system.  I found the whole process a little scary, so I wanted to spell out the commands to reduce anxiety for others.


How can I get multiple instances of GNOME Calculator at same time?

My answer here has only been tested in Ubuntu 18.04 with gnome-calculator version 3.28.0 and does not apply to older versions of Ubuntu / gnome-calculator which I don't have access to the app to verify.  However, in the NEWS of the source file for gnome-calculator it states:

  Overview of changes in gnome-calculator 3.23.1

  Add new window appmenu entry bgo#724478 (Robert Roth)

So, my guess would be that any version newer than the version listed above the keyboard combination below should have worked fine.

You can try Ctrl+N for New Window which should keep opening new instances.  If not you can follow below:

Once in the gnome-calculator app, you should be able to click the icon in the upper left corner and choose New Window which will open another instance of the calculator:

In the GNOME Desktop, the app menu is on the bar, but it is the same way to launch multiple calculators.  Click on Calculator in the top bar and choose New Window:


Dualboot (Ubuntu 15.10, Win 10) hibernating issue (Ubuntu->hibernate->win->Ubuntu)

Perhaps also, rather than dual booting, you could install a base hypervisor, and thus have multiple VMs able to enter and exit a suspended state without issue, as it is effectively the hypervisor dealing with each & thus just removing the problem entirely.


Solution found by OP on question:

  Problem solved. The problem was that the Makefile was ready to compile
  in a 32 bits machines but my computer is 64 bits. So removing "-m32"
  in Makefile was enough.


How can I switch between 12 hour and 24 hour format in command line?

Time settings, as as shown in the panel, are set with gsettings. You can set 12/24 hrs by the commands:

12-hour:

gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.datetime time-format 12-hour

24-hour:

gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.datetime time-format 24-hour

options are:

locale-default
12-hour
24-hour
custom

The same trick on Mate

...requires a different command:

12-hour:

dconf write /org/mate/panel/objects/clock/prefs/format "'12-hour'"

and, as one would expect, 24-hour:

dconf write /org/mate/panel/objects/clock/prefs/format "'24-hour'"

N.B. tested on Mate 16.04 by @Zana (thanks!)


How can i change a file permision to "execute like a program"?

You don't want to "start" the archive: you want to unpack it! To do this, press Ctrl+Alt+T to go to a terminal and type:

unzip <your_zip>

To make a file executable use chmod:

chmod +x <your_file>

and start it with this command if you're in the same folder:

./<your_file>


Sudo chmod +x leads to "cannot access [file] permission denied"

The image turned out to be read-only, explaining why you can't change the permissions.

Copy everything in your image to a directory in /tmp, then change to that directory, change install's permissons to 755 (sudo chmod 755 install), and try to run it first without sudo (./install, don't forget the dot at the beginning so that you don't invoke the system command instead).


Is Bluefish text editor compatible for Xfce(GKT2)?

If you want to know what bluefish depends on and what it will install, search the application in synaptic and right click on it's name. In Properties you will see all dependencies and the size of the application.


Use the vncserver package instead. You must use a desktop environment other than Unity 3D/Gnome 3 though, so set it up to do that.


Launcher icons disappeared, how to get back

If you can access to a terminal window give this command:

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/

and after give this other one:

setsid unity

The first command resets the configuration to the defaults, and the second reloads unity.


Replacing Windows with Ubuntu on a Dell Laptop

I think you should probably be fine. Fair warning though, I dual boot an XPS 15 with Win10/Ubuntu and my fingerprint reader is not supported by Ubuntu so you may want to check on that.


InitAudi: Cannot open OSS audio device /dev/dsp

PROBLEM RESOLVED

  sudo apt-get install pulseaudio

  sudo apt-get install libpulse-dev

  sudo apt-get install osspd


Installing WordPress locally with no remote access

If you have a computer that acts as a server in your home, and you access the Internet through a router that does NAT (like any standard ADSL router), then the computers inside the network won't be visible from the outside world, unless you explicitly do some port mapping on the router. If your server-computer never leaves the network, then you should be safe.

If the site has to run on your laptop and you plan bringing it to the outside world, then you should secure it with at least a password, or shut off the webserver, because people on the same network could access it. The same is true if you plan to have guests on your network (they could be able to access your local website).


Soundblaster G6 Microphone input doesn't work

I found a simple solution. Tested on Ubuntu 20.04.1 (and Fedora 31).
1. Open alsamixer
alsamixer

2. Choose your soundcard
F6

Sound BlasterX G6
Hit Enter to select the card

3. Activate 'Capture' for 'Line In' and 'External Mic'
F4
Use left-right arrows to navigate to the 'Line In'.
Use Space to activate the 'Capture'
Use left-right arrows to navigate to 'External Mic'
Use Space to activate the 'Capture'

4. Configure PCM Capture Source
F3
Use left-right arrows to navigate to 'PCM Capture Source'
Use up-down arrows to select 'External Mic'
Press ESC to save

5. Record a WAV to test the microphone
arecord -f dat -d 2 /tmp/test-mic.wav -vvv

6. Playback the WAV
aplay /tmp/test-mic.wav

7. Make the change persistent (fail)
After a reboot, The 'PCM Capture Source' keept going back to 'Line In'. I tried a systemd unit file (After=sound.target dbus.service) or a startup script in .zprofile... nothing worked. I think this is because the card takes some time to startup. So I came up with this workaround :
vim ~/bin/setmic

And add this:
#!/usr/bin/env bash

cardNumber=$(aplay -l|grep 'Sound BlasterX G6'|cut -d' ' -f 2 |tr -d ':')
amixer -c "$cardNumber" -q set "PCM Capture Source" "External Mic"

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "PCM Capture Source successfully changed to 'External Mic'"
else
  echo "Failed to configure PCM Capture source for Sound BlasterX G6"
fi

amixer -c "$cardNumber" -q sset 'Input Gain Control' 3

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "Input Gain Control set to 3"
else
  echo "Failed to activate mic Boost for Sound BlasterX G6"
fi

~/bin beeing in my PATH:
chmod u+x ~/bin/setmic
setmic

> PCM Capture Source successfully changed to 'External Mic'
> Input Gain Control set to 3


Yes there is VM control through Virsh. just continue to install as per the instructions and just write anything in the VMware configuration questions.
afterwards, when you log into MAAS interface, you'll find under each machine's settings the power control types. This includes virsh.

From there you can sert up virsh URL/username/password/etc..

first time though, just to have the VM "nodes" show up in MAAS, you have to power them up yourself and make sure they boot from the PXE interface.


IMO easiest way is to add those lines to /root/.bashrc

Alternately, you can add /home/asco/adt-bundle-linux-x86_64/sdk/tools and /home/asco/adt-bundle-linux-x86_64/sdk/platform-tools to /etc/environment

Last, you could, as root, move the sdk directory to a central location on root's path, such as /usr/local/lib.


Ubuntu 13.04 - Driver/Header/Icon problems resulting in weird Theme loss?

First of all, remove all your Nvidia drivers and bumblebee:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get purge bumblebee*

Then install the current Nvidia drivers:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current