Upgrading Ubuntu with postgresql as snap vs apt install

If your reference to a difficult system upgrade with postgres installed, this is not true.

What's difficult for some is when one builds an infrastructure around a specific version of postgres, and then later a system upgrade to a newer version of Ubuntu includes a newer postgres, which may have broken compatibility with all the custom infrastructure built on the old version.

Being packaged in snap form doesn't make this any easier or harder to deal with, in and of itself. What matters here is how the packaging is done. If there are different versioned packages for each version of postgres, then it can be easier to stay on a particular version, and to choose when to upgrade to the newer versions. However, this can also leave you with a happily running and insecure version of postgres, if you don't keep up to date with the latest versions and keep your custom software built around the older versions, especially when they stop receiving any security updates.


Can't copy from Samba shares after upgrade to 18.04

I had the same problem with Linux mint xfce 19.1 and 19.0. First I had a problem with my “WD My Book Live” NAS server. I solved this with adding vers=2.0 in fstab (I tried vers 3.0 2.1 and 2.0 and chose the highest working version). First I thought the problems were solved, but later there were sometimes problems with copying files from the NAS. The problem only appears while copying files with extension html ,gif,ico and txt (but makes a good copy of the problem files). After making a copy of these files, the copy process freezes. Copying files with extension flac, zip and tar.gz was no problem. When copying multiple files, the copy process freezes when it reaches the problem files.
I solved it by changing vers=2.0 to vers=1.0 in fstab.
There seems to be a compatibility problem with version 2.0? With testing the NAS connection, I used a 3 Gb iso file. I don’t copy much of those problem files (may be there are more problem extensions) from my NAS, so the problems mostly keeps invisible. But after some times I understand there was a structural problem with some extensions. And maybe the extensions are not the problem, but may be the sizes of the files are the problem. With my example files the problem files were small!


How to unmount an ecryptfs .Private directory mounted at /tmp?

Even if you had remounted the directory as read-write, you still wouldn't want to delete the directory, or you would be erasing the files in your home directory.

I believe what you're looking for is the either the ecryptfs-umount-private or unmount.ecryptfs_private command. Be sure to read the warning in the synopsis for that second command.


Why are my USB devices still grayed out in VirtualBox?

I had the same problem as you. The group virtualboxusers and so on were correct.

After some search, it turns out that the kernel module did not correspond to the right version of my kernel (3.13.0-65-generic) and to my version of virtualbox (4.3).

The command

sudo dpkg-reconfigure virtualbox-4.3

solved my problem.

Hope it will help you if the question is still problem still persists.


Different Problem installing ubuntu 14.04

When you shrink your main volume (or partition it), try leaving the free space UN-formatted. in windows it should say something like "unallocated space". (you can do this using disk management in windows, just right click and hit delete volume on the free partition you want to use).

if that doesn't work, or if you had already done this, try the other way:

format the partition as an NTFS.


Failed to create calibre library at : U/media/data/files/Biblioth/xc3\xq8que calibre

Go to preferences > run welcome wizard and double check that your library location is correct.


Can see Ubuntu server on the network, but cannot connect

Okay, so it turns out it had nothing to do with the Ubuntu machine in the end. Nor was it someone hacking the machine from the net, but instead a faulty switch box, which wasn't correctly routing traffic.


Reboot into the recovery option (in grub). You may have to hold shift while booting to see grub. Then, at the shell run the command:

passwd yourusernamehere

Enter a new password and reboot.


Added a new 10TB HDD. Gparted formats only part of it

You have to use GPT, since the (old) MBR has a limit of 2 TiB.
Open GParted → Device → Create Partition Table... → Advanced and choose gpt, not the default msdos (MBR) partitioning.

Screenshots from How can I check and change the partition table type?
If you plan to install Ubuntu, it is suggested that you use the ext4 format. With ext4 you can set your own ownership and permissions. With any Windows format the default owner is root, but you can still use it as a non-root user. Unless using Windows, try not to use Windows formats. FAT32 cannot have any file over 4GB and NTFS needs regular maintenance from Windows, chkdsk, defrag, etc.
If your ext4 partition ends up owned by root, you can run the following command to change its owner:
sudo chown [username]:[username] '[path_to_mounted_partition]'

where [username] is the username of the user you want to be the owner and [path_to_mounted_partition] is the absolute path to the mounted partition for which you want to change the owner.
For example, if your username is scott and your partition is mounted under /media/scott/mynewdrive, the command you need to run is:
sudo chown scott:scott '/media/scott/mynewdrive'

The answer was derived from the comments of oldfred and Organic Marble.


Why i am getting empty folder of adminer after install

The files under /usr/share/adminer/ are still present. It looks like the packager deleted the adminer.conf which was supposed to be in /etc/adminer according to https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/adminer/+bug/1609326


Launcher shows drives even when they aren't mounted

Following command (with force option) could work as well:

umount -f /media/Snoopy

You could check what's exactly mounted by:

mount

command.

Try as well:

unity --reset --verbose


horizontal line across screen at startup

I had similar but not identical problems during the 12.04 to 12.10 upgrade, and I had to remove all nVidia display drivers and then installing nvidia-experimental-304 and nvidia-settings-experimental-304 after which I got a working graphical environment display.

To achieve this, because my display was useless, I had to log in to a terminal screen rather than try to use the graphical login. Once it's booted to the crapped up display, press CTRL ALT F2 (or any F button except F7 which is where the crap display was) and log in, remove the nVidia stuff (I did it using sudo apt-get purge nvidia-current), reboot, log in to a command screen again and install the experimental 304 stuff, reboot and see what happens this time.

That's what worked for me. Hope it's good for you!


How to avoid normal users from accessing others likewise home folder?

By default i think that only the creator of a file or folder can access it, but in your case it seems to be different.

You could change the permissions for your home folders by opening a root file manager by

gksudo nautillus

and then right click on the respective home folders, navigate to the permissions tab and change them as you like.

there would be an option like-

'allow other users to view and edit the files'

uncheck it to prevent other users to access each other's files.


16.04 - Battery not detected until plugged in via AC

After some playing around, I finally managed to get my battery to be recognized by the system.

I took two steps, I am not sure if they are both required.

First I upgraded my kernel to version 4.5.3 by downloading the appropriate .deb files from:
http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/

I downloaded 3 files. The headers for my architecture, the header files for "all", and then the image for my architecture. I then installed them using dpkg -i *.deb in the folder I had downloaded them to.

I rebooted, and this still didn't work. I then added acpi_osi=Linux acpi_rev_override to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub.

I then ran sudo update-grub, restarted, and voila! I hope this helps someone.


Squid run as root (to use it on 80 port)

It is not recommended to run squid on port 80. See http://docs.huihoo.com/gnu_linux/squid/html/x505.html for instance in why.

On Ubuntu I would expect you to do this by binding the socket and not by altering permissions or iptables  ...

sudo apt-get install libcap2-bin
sudo setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' /path/to/squid

See man capabilities and ....

CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
Bind  a  socket  to  Internet domain privileged ports (port numbers less than 1024).


Hide users from login screen on Kubuntu 12.10

Create a user with id lower than 500. If you already have created one to high number just change id. Edit /etc/password and change id, its the number behind the second :. In my example I chose 666 for user with UserName. Change Username the one you want to hide. And finally make the user own it own files (chown)

sudo edit /etc/passwd
sudo chown -R 499 UserName

A second option is to edit /etc/lightdm/users.conf, add the user that you want to hide to the list of hidden-users.

To login with the hidden user I think would be difficult, or hide all users and let them type in their username. A workaround I think that would work is to press ctrl-f1 (to f6) login to console and then write

startx

to start kubuntu would work


when deleting multiple files or folders what do you recommend to be safe?

You're on a good path if you want to learn how to solve this problem yourself.  However, this is a common problem, and there is already a tool available.

You can install trash via apt install trash-cli.  Once installed, you can 'safely' delete files, list the contents of Trash, restore files and empty the Trash:

trash /path/to/some/file
trash-list
trash-restore
trash-empty.

You can read more about trash.

Notes:

Some systems will have restore-trash instead of trash-restore.
Many Debian distributions have gvfs-trash from gvfs-bin installed by default.
gvfs-trash has been replaced by gio trash.


cd /etc/fonts/conf.d
rm 70-no-bitmaps.conf
ln -s ../conf.avail/70-yes-bitmaps.conf .

And then restart X, or do a fc-cache -f.


How can I activate extensions in Banshee 2.9 (really 2.6.2)?

I can only answer an alternative for the Lyrics extension.

First check this Can not Install `banshee-extension-lyrics`, that explains it still (to the date) doesnt work on 14.04. Still there there is this answer that lets you keep using banshee!


please explain while loop in the PERL code?

<> is the diamond operator. Using it in a while loop is the same as

while (defined($_ = readline FILE)) {

So, it reads the file line by line, assigning each line's contents to the topic variable $_.

The ++ operator adds one to a variable.

The += operator adds the righthandside value to the lefthandside. length returns length of a string.

split splits the string on a regular expression. Here, \s+ is used which means one or more whitespace characters. Calling scalar on the result returns the number of elements obtained.


How do I get a Lexmark x4690 printer working?

First you have to install the ia32-libs, because Lexmark only offers drivers for 32-bit system:

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

Get the driver from Lexmark and extract it anywhere you want.
Now, there are two options:, if you want the simple and quick way, skip to step 4, if you want to get your hands a little dirt, do the following:

./lexmark-08z-series-driver-1.0-1.i386.deb.sh --noexec --target

lexmark tar xvf lexmark/instarchive_all --lzma dpkg-deb -I

lexmark-08z-series-driver-1.0-1.i386.deb mkdir raw-lexmark-archive
dpkg-deb -e lexmark-08z-series-driver-1.0-1.i386.deb

raw-lexmark-archive/DEBIAN dpkg-deb -X
lexmark-08z-series-driver-1.0-1.i386.deb raw-lexmark-archive cp

raw-lexmark-archive/DEBIAN/control
raw-lexmark-archive/DEBIAN/control.orig sed "/^ $/d"
raw-lexmark-archive/DEBIAN/control.orig >
raw-lexmark-archive/DEBIAN/control rm
raw-lexmark-archive/DEBIAN/control.orig cat
raw-lexmark-archive/DEBIAN/control dpkg-deb -b ./raw-lexmark-archive

New-lexmark-08z-series-driver-1.0-1.i386.deb.deb sudo dpkg -i
New-lexmark-08z-series-driver-1.0-1.i386.deb.deb

Or You can get the deb package from here.


Update driver ASUS N550JV for ubuntu 18.04

What is the current behavior of Touchpad, how is it not working? Please provide more information.

Since your touchpad is Elantech with id=13, try running.

$ xinput --set-prop 13 "Device Enabled"  0


Use "--build" and "--host".
./configure --help
System types:
  --build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
  --host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]

You need to use
./configure --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu --host=i386-pc-linux-gnu

to compile for 32-bit Linux in a 64-bit Linux system. You still need to add the other ./configure options.


How do I remove or hide extra icons from Gnome-3 Shell?

I used alacarte. It should be installed with gnome3, but you can find it in the Ubuntu repositories if not. You can start it via terminal or the gnome3 menu.

Link to the Ubuntu Software Center: https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/alacarte/

In this program you can disable single programs or "folders". To deactivate the low resolution icons, just deactivate the "Debian" folder. This worked for me. I'm not sure whether I needed to start it via sudo, better try without first.


Will Ubuntu live cd/dvd work with no hard drive installed?

It will work just fine. I've often used it as a tool to diagnose computers with hard drives that have quit working.

If you want to save stuff, you could plug in a thumb drive or a USB hard drive and save it to that. A thumb drive will show up just like it would on a normal Ubuntu install.

Another option if you want persistence is to make a LiveUSB drive with Ubuntu's startup disk creator and use the option to have persistence.


If you are in need of launching a web page via browser then add to startup applications something like this:

/usr/bin/firefox /path/to/html/file.html

or

/usr/bin/firefox http://some-site.com/

No need to run .desktop file.

EDIT: So in your case chromium-browser --kiosk file:///home/user1/Desktop/mltest/vms.html


From the comments...

Two different HDD's showing similar read and ECC errors. Suspect a heat problem.

Sure enough, the cooling fan was bad. Replaced.

Occasionally observe/review the SMART Data for looking for additional/new read and ECC errors.

You should do good backups, and then bad block both disks, using this procedure...

Note: do NOT abort a bad block scan!

Note: do NOT bad block a SSD

Note: backup your important files FIRST!

Note: this will take many hours

Note: you may have a pending HDD failure

Boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB.

In terminal...

sudo fdisk -l # identify all "Linux Filesystem" partitions

sudo e2fsck -fcky /dev/sdXX # read-only test

or

sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sdXX # non-destructive read/write test (recommended)

The -k is important, because it saves the previous bad block table, and adds any new bad blocks to that table. Without -k, you loose all of the prior bad block information.

The -fccky parameter...

   -f     Force checking even if the file system seems clean.

   -c     This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program  to  do  a
          read-only  scan  of  the device in order to find any bad blocks.
          If any bad blocks are found, they are added  to  the  bad  block
          inode  to  prevent them from being allocated to a file or direc‐
          tory.  If this option is specified twice,  then  the  bad  block
          scan will be done using a non-destructive read-write test.

   -k     When combined with the -c option, any existing bad blocks in the
          bad blocks list are preserved, and any new bad blocks  found  by
          running  badblocks(8)  will  be added to the existing bad blocks
          list.

   -y     Assume  an answer of `yes' to all questions; allows e2fsck to be
          used non-interactively.  This option may not be specified at the
          same time as the -n or -p options.


How to run a software from other drives rather than the root?

Probably you are talking about where Blender saves/loads user files. That paths are different from application's installation directories. Blender from repos doesn't install in /home directory. It has its main executable in /usr/bin and most of its required files in /usr/share/blender.

You might want to check this: File -> User Preferences

Anyway if you want to use the version from http://www.blender.org/ and not from Ubuntu repos just extract archive contents to any folder/drive you like and launch blender's main executable blender. If it doesn't work open a Terminal and cd to the folder where you extracted the archive then:

sudo chmod +x ./blender
./blender

Linux is not Windows. The so called root partition is Linux's main filesystem and any other partitions are mounted in folders that are in the root drive. No C, D, E... drives. Just one big filesystem where you can add contents from other partitions/disk drives/USB drives by mounting them to any folder you wish. If blend files from windows refers to Blender's setup file for Windows, then you should know it's useless on any Linux.


Drag & Drop attachment to Thunderbird's icon in Unity?

You should likely file a bug.

If wanting to add attachments to TB via DnD then the mimetype of what you're attaching needs to be in TB's .desktop on the MimeType= line.

So for text attachments then this would need to be there or added to end of the line

text/plain;

To try - open the .desktop & edit the MimeType= line

sudo -H gedit /usr/share/applications/thunderbird.desktop

Note that this will open a new compose window w/ the file attached so would need to be the 1st action to be useful, ie. DnD the attachment, then compose the message, ect.


How to install xfce 4.12 on ubuntu 12.04

As per the PPA, you need to enable 4.10 PPA for 4.12

ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.10
ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12

Do

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.10
add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12
sudo apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade # if you have already installed xfce4

otherwise

sudo apt-get install xfce4

  NOTE: make sure python-software-properties and software-properties-common are installed.


It worked for me,

In terminal, run:

fuser -n tcp 8080

Now we got some output like this:

8080/tcp:            15008

Here 15008 is where our apache is running.
Kill that using:

kill -9 15008

Done.


Cannot connect Ubuntu to starbucks wifi network

The issue is it recognises that the WiFi connection is trying to “hijack” the secure connection. It prevents this.

To avoid this, navigate to http://neverssl.com. This webpage will never use HTTPS and family, so it will always be “hijackable” by the WiFi.


Dell laptop 'dies' after disconnecting from the external monitor

When you close the lid, your notebook by default hibernates or goes to suspend-to-ram. As long as anexternal Monitor is attached (and can be detected), it stays awake, because you might sit in front of it and using it. When you detatch the monitor, it goes "asleep", because nobody obviously can be using it (except, of course, remotely via network). So it does, what most people would expect it to do.

When you reopen the lid, just press the POWER botton like switching it on, and it will be there like it never slept.

You can configure it to behave differently (System --> Power) if you prefer.

TomTomTom

Edit: Not a joke at all. I've seen several notebooks on 16.04 behaving as I described. But in your comment above you hinted the solution yourself:

    HandleLidSwitch=suspend HandleLidSwitchDocked=hibernate #LidSwitchIgnoreInhibited=yes

There are the configurations "suspend" and "hibernate" you experience, first one if your are on battery, second one if power is attached. You might want to change them to ignore, so nothing sould change when you close the lid.


In Ubuntu, xdg-open command is not working

Install/reinstall the package xdg-utils:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall xdg-utils

/usr/bin/xdg-open is part of this package.


It says on the bluej.org website Ubuntu/Debian Requires OpenJDK or Oracle JDK (8u60 minimum, 8u121 best). This package is called openjdk-8-jdk in the official Ubuntu repositories and its code is 8u121-b13-0ubuntu1. Did you install openjdk-8-jdk too?

To install openjdk-8-jdk open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk


Prevent other users in same group to change my own file?

File permissions and vim (ro) warnings are not the same thing.

If vim is giving you are ro warning on a file with 755 permissions, then, my guess is either the file is in use of was not saved.

See https://superuser.com/questions/218262/how-to-get-rid-of-the-warnings-when-opening-a-file-that-has-a-swp-file or give details of the vim error.

File permissions are detailed here https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions

You probably want file permissions of 644 or 640

See also acl How do I set up a folder so that anything created in it inherits permissions?


How do I get started creating an Ubuntu Desktop App?

Yeah Python is probably your best starting point, if you're comfortable with it (who isn't?).

I'd take a look at Quickly. It's there to get "opportunistic" developers writing something as soon as they possibly can. As such it lays a lot of the groundwork for you, as well as giving you a good basis for getting it packaged and on Launchpad for release.

sudo apt-get install quickly quickly-ubuntu-template
cd ~/Desktop # optional
quickly tutorial ubuntu-application

But that'll get you started. I would really recommend going through the tutorial but the main steps are:

quickly create ubuntu-application myapp
cd myapp
quickly edit # opens in gedit
quickly design # glade UI designer
quickly run # run it
quickly package # package it
quickly release # push it all to launchpad (you'll need to do some setup)

I think you'll agree, this makes it disgustingly quick to write, design, test and publish an application.

There are other templates available too for other uses (CLI apps, etc).


clone physical partition to an image - which dd options should I use?

You can't preserve a 'bootable' property by backing up a partition.  The bootable properties would depend on details of the actual disk.  The details would depend on the type of partition table and whether it's formatted to use boot partition or reserved sectors of the disk.  A boot partition would be different from the actual OS partition.  You would have to image the whole disk for that.

You can easily add a boot option to the destination drive:

Preserving the boot option shouldn't be such a problem since once you have the OS partition backed up, you can have your choice of the partition type of the new drive you will be restoring it to.  If you restore it to a partition on your Ubuntu machine running sudo update-grub will add it to your boot menu.

As far as compression, yes you can.  An example of how to use it is included below.

For Linux you can check the filesystem's block size with this command:

$ sudo blockdev --getbsz /dev/sda1

You can change the blocksize with this command:

$ mkfs -t ext4 -b 4096 /dev/sda1

You'll have to discuss a Windows block size details with a site such as http://superuser.com.  Changing the blocksize could corrupt the integrity of the filesystem if it can't handle the different size.  dd doesn't have an option to change a filesystem's block size on the fly.

This is a good dd commandline that may be an improvement to the one in your example:

$ sudo dd if=/dev/sda1 status=progress bs=32M | bzip2 > /path/to/W7.img

These are the parameters of the commandline:

bs = Bytes - Read and write up to # of bytes at a time.
status = Show a status of the progress.  This is useful when the operation takes a long time, to realize it's not locked up, and still working.  It can also give a perspective of how much time might be left.
| bzip2 > = Pipe through bzip2 for compression and output to the desired compressed image file.


The reason that the 64-bit x86 architecture is referred to as AMD-64 is because AMD basically created the modern x86 64-bit architecture as we know it. (Intel's 64-bit Itanium architecture was a complete flop)

So, in the end,

All 32-bit x86 chips (AMD & Intel) use the i386 architecture
All 64-bit x86 chips (AMD & Intel) use the AMD64 architecture. (Although very rarely it is also called i686)


Cannot use super+space as a shortcut in XFCE

The xfce4 drop-down functionality was recently added in Xfce4-terminal version 0.6.1. whose release was announced just about two weeks ago.

According to launchpad, there appear to only be source packages(not .deb files) for the Raring release.

Adding the PPA:

There are PPAs available from the xfce-dev team for 12.04 and 12.10.

To add these repositories, run the following commands from the terminal Ctrl-Alt-t:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xfce4-terminal

Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?

Note: This also requires upgrading all of xfce4 to at least version 4.10 for folks running 12.04 Precise. The rest of the 4.12 packages are also available in the above PPA if you want to live on the bleeding edge.

Configuring the keyboard shortcut:

In order to set up the Super-Space functionality, follow these steps:

Go to Applications Menu --> Settings --> Keyboard.
Select the Application Shortcuts Tab and Select the Add button.
For the shortcut command field, enter xfce4-terminal --drop-down and select OK.
Finally, enter the keyboard combination that you wish to use for your shortcut.

For more information on this functionality, see the webupd8 article or this one article. The webupd8 article has instructions on configuring the drop-down functionality that you are looking for, I believe.


An Immigrant from Windows, please help with applications

Various links below to good AskUbuntu questions & Answers:

Internet Download Manager (IDM) --> Lot of choice e.g. GwGet
K-Lite Codec Pack (KLC) --> Use vlc or just install all the restricted codecs, i.e.:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-codecs

CCleaner --> Lots of choice again - e.g. BleachBit, UbuntuTweak
TuneUp Utilities --> Again use BleachBit, UbuntuTweak
Winrar --> Lots of choice... e.g. use the inbuilt Archiver (file-roller) or something like 7-Zip


this question is partly answered here: https://askubuntu.com/a/1180748/152287
You can do it via xinput or in a config file, see the linked answer.

You'll need to know the device name (use xinput list) and you'll need to know how your buttons are numbered.

you can see which button is clicked interactively with libinput-debug-events (you may need to do sudo apt install libinput-tools

check the button name against xinput list 15 but use the actual device id instead of 15 (device IDs are in xinput list). You need to know the button number. The list of button names reported by xinput list is in order (I think), starting with button number 1.


Installation Ubuntu through wubi dool boot

probably corrupt way of making bootable usb. anyways. that is booting and installing Ubuntu. good, but not WUBI. wubi nowadays is not supported by Ubuntu Makers. so community made better & newer version!

use this

https://github.com/hakuna-m/wubiuefi/wiki go to the table and click on the thing for wubirelease for 14.04

magic!!


It is not pulseaudiooutput, that doesn't exist. You should try reinstalling it.

Firstly, remove all the sound drivers(so we can install them fresh):

sudo apt-get remove --purge alsa-base pulseaudio.

When that's done, reinstall :

sudo apt-get install alsa-base pulseaudio

When finished, ALSA:

sudo alsa force-reload

Source


This worked for me:

  For me, the solution was to upgrade the kernel. I used 4.5.3 on Ubuntu 15.10 (anything greater than this will crash the OS after login) And 4.7 RC3 works on Ubuntu 16.04.

Taken from SirAhaz's answer on Ubuntu 14.04 stuck on shutdown


Wi-Fi connection fail after configuring wlan

First of all, your interfaces file needs a gateway address; not broadcast. Second, every wireless interface needs to be directed to connect to a specific SSID and provide a password. I suggest that you amend your file to:

auto wlan0
  iface wlan0 inet static
  address 192.168.1.120
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 192.168.1.1
  dns-nameservers 185.98.113.113 185.98.114.114
  wpa-ssid <your_network>
  wpa-psk <your_secret_key>

Finally, Network Manager needs to be directed to NOT manage any interfaces declared in /etc/network/interfaces. Please do:

gksudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit. Make certain that managed=false. If it is, simply close the text editor. If not, change it, proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Reboot and check:

ifconfig
ping -c3 www.ubuntu.com


Which software should I use on Ubuntu to create a Windows XP LiveUSB?

Install GPARTED (sudo apt-get install gparted) and format your USB Drive as NTFS.
Install unetbootin from the Ubuntu Software Centre.
Point to your XP iso and select your USB drive and press OK.
Boot from it
Done!


Why does SFTP timeout during a download?

i found out it was a misconfiguration with fail to ban, involving both ssh keys and pw checks. for sftp, the key's failed, resulting in a ten minute ban.


I can't watch youtube videos in either Firefox or Chromium. version 12.04

Ok, I found the fix! I uninstalled the Adobe flash player, and now it works. Not sure why, but now I can watch YouTube videos in either Firefox or Chrome, and websites that require flash work now as well. On YouTube, it still asks you to install a plugin, but then it plays it anyway. Thanks for all the help!


"git.osmocom.org: Name or service not known" while cloning osmocom.org repository

Based on the error you posted, it appears you didn't have an Internet connection when you ran git clone git://git.osmocom.org/rtl-sdr.git.

The command is correct, and I've checked that the URL works. Make sure you're connected to the Internet, and try the command again.


Can't get rid of file in /var/lib/update-notifier/user.d/ in 64-bit xubuntu 14.04

You got disconnected from the internet somehow while the system was trying to install ttf-mscorefonts-installer. You can just re-install the package and the problem will be solved.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ttf-mscorefonts-installer

Note that you'll be presented with a user agreement screen to install this product from Microsoft.


Support for what is now called 'conservation mode' (ie: limiting the battery charge range to 55-60%) has been baked into Linux for Lenovo Ideapad laptops since version 4.4.
Enable it with:
sudo bash -c "echo 1 >/sys/bus/platform/drivers/ideapad_acpi/VPC2004:00/conservation_mode"

Disable it with:
sudo bash -c "echo 0 >/sys/bus/platform/drivers/ideapad_acpi/VPC2004:00/conservation_mode"

Or use this nice helper script where conservation mode can be enabled with:
lenopow -e

and disabled with:
lenopow -d


Nvidia drivers not working on Toshiba AC100

With the arrival of 12.10 this got fixed. Toshiba is now working nicely on the official Lubuntu 12.10 version.


Ubuntu 15.04 no longer mounts samba share on boot

This may be a problem with the newly introduced systemd.

Adding x-systemd.automount to the option of the cifs entry in the /etc/fstab file solved this problem for me. Note the drive won't be mounted until you access it (by doing ls or similar).

Your fstab should look like:

//192.168.1.101/mediaserver2/ /mnt/mediaserver/ cifs user=*****,password=*********,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777,uid=1000,gid=1000,nounix,x-systemd.automount 0 0

Source: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/systemd/+bug/1458100


This might be solved by running boot-repair: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

It should either reinstall Grub correctly, or give you some helpful info you can add to this question so we can help you better.


Hard to say, it could be a lot of things.
It might even be a bug in the installer or a DVD with errors.

I persume you did not try to run Ubuntu directly from DVD ?
It might be a smart move to test that first.

If that fails, try to use another ISO (even another Ubuntu version, like 12.04 LTS) burn it at slow speed on a CD and try to run it and eventually install it.
If it works you can check the 13.10 DVD for errors.


The disk drive for .boot is not ready yet or not present

It probably means that the /boot partition (typically /dev/sda1) has been non-fatally damaged.  The system is still able to read and boot the kernel from it, but then it can't detect the partition to mount it later during startup.

Apart from this the system runs OK, but /boot isn't mounted, so you won't be able to see the grub files or do things like updating the kernel.

You'll probably find an entry for /boot in your /etc/fstab file
that tries to mount it by its block id:

# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=cc1f7924-150b-412c-81c0-a8931eed57f0 /boot           ext2    defaults        0       2

If you run blkid, you should see normally see an entry like this for /dev/sda1, but it is probably missing:

/dev/sda1: UUID="cc1f7924-150b-412c-81c0-a8931eed57f0" TYPE="ext2"

file -s is able to identify it though, and will probably show the correct ID, but that it's damaged somehow:

$ sudo file -s /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1: Linux rev 1.0 ext2 filesystem data (mounted or unclean), UUID=cc1f7924-150b-412c-81c0-a8931eed57f0 (needs journal recovery)

Running fsck on it will hopefully fix the problem (although in a VM it's probably worth taking a checkpoint/snapshot first):

$ sudo fsck /dev/sda1
fsck from util-linux 2.20.1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
Superblock needs_recovery flag is set, but no journal is present.
Clear<y>? yes
/dev/sda1 was not cleanly unmounted, check forced.
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information

/dev/sda1: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/dev/sda1: 301/62248 files (15.3% non-contiguous), 46683/248832 blocks

After this file -s should show a filesystem without problems, and you should be able to mount it again, or have it mount successfully on reboot.

$ sudo file -s /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1: Linux rev 1.0 ext2 filesystem data, UUID=cc1f7924-150b-412c-81c0-a8931eed57f0


Monitor goes into power saving mode after grub selection

amye, press 'e' to edit the grub command line (the one that starts with 'linux') and add the word 'nomodeset' to the end of the line. If that doesn't work, also remove 'quiet' from the word list. That should at least give you some extra clues as to when it is getting stuck.

If that works, you may want to add this line to /etc/default/grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_EXTRA="nomodeset"

And then run

sudo update-grub

To make it permanent.


Keyboard-configuration: /usr/local/bin/setupcon: 900: /usr/local/bin/setupcon: /usr/local/bin/ckbcomp: not found

Finally I tried out:

sudo apt-get remove keyboard-configuration
sudo apt-get install keyboard-configuration
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

However, after a reboot I could not login. After entering the password a short black screen and than asking again for the password. Entering the save mode and repairing the broken packages (dpkg) fixed everything and the problem is solved. Most likely some other command for the reboot would have been a good idea - but it worked.

Credit goes to Pascalc answering the question:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/202671/circular-dependency-in-ubuntu-release-upgrade


Cannot change backlight brightness Ubuntu 14.04

I got a fix for my dell 5521 laptop, working for Ubuntu 14.04 but will work for kernels v3.13+.

Open /etc/default/grub

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

to change the line

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash video.use_native_backlight=1"

then save and exit and
run

sudo update-grub

then reboot

The explanation is that ACPI adds its own back light control even if one is already present which is intel_backlight, adding this line forces CPI to use the Intel back light.


What security policies exist in place for packages and scripts?

Security of Deb and Other Files

You can find a .deb file for a package somewhere on the Internet. Then you can use dpkg -i package.deb and install it. That's no better than picking up an install for Windows somewhere on the Internet. Don't do it unless you are absolutely sure of the source, and even then make sure you have all of the prerequisite packages already installed.

Deb files, safe or not, do follow a format with hashes, etc. so that they have to be rebuilt if they are changed.

Package (.deb files) in the Ubuntu repositores are generally built from source on Launchpad build computers so the contents of the .deb file matches the source, and the source can be viewed by anyone. Many packages have teams maintaining them who follow them and are on the lookout for security problems. New source package versions have to be signed properly by gpg keys using public key cryptography before they can be built.

There are now binary only packages available in the Ubuntu Software Center, so the public can't view the source of those. I don't know about these for sure, but I believe they are reviewed before they are made available.

You generally shouldn't install a package with dpkg -i package.deb, but use apt-get or the software center instead, downloading from an Ubuntu repository. You should also avoid picking up any other kind of script that you can't look at and understand completely before you run it.

The multi-user system Unix-like systems do mean that if you make a mistake you can mess up your account and its files, but not the accounts and settings of other users that have been established on the same system, nor the operating system itself.

The exception is when you run a command with sudo or have to enter a password to install a package or do other maintenance. These are the times to be very careful about the source of what you are doing. This is very similar to using UAC.

Executable Files on Removable Media

As long as you are using due care, I don't think you need to maintain programs on removable media. Like Windows, most programs are installed as packages and therefore aren't runnable from removable media (although you could put an entire Ubuntu on a flash drive if you want).

Repositories

As I mentioned above, .deb files use hashes for the files they include to see that they aren't altered by an attacker. Ubuntu repositories also have gpg keys stored on your system when you install Ubuntu, and there is a signature and chain of hashes followed down to the .deb files to keep things secure. Ubuntu is derived from Debian and that project created this approach.

Autorun

There are things like autorun in Linux and other Unix-like systems. When you install packages those packages can cause programs to start at boot time, or when a user logs in to a terminal, or when a user logs into a GUI session. Most users have a (hidden by default) .bashrc file in their home directories that execute when a user logs in to a terminal.

CD Security

The Ubuntu download web site not only has the .iso files for CD's and DVD's but also message digests (hashes) you can check to make sure the file you retrieved is authentic down to the bit.

Ongoing Security

Despite everything else, developers make mistakes and potential security problems can creep into software. Running supported versions of Ubuntu means that you will be offered security fixes for items in the main Ubuntu repositories, and often for items in the universe and other repositories. You should apply those fixes. Long-term-support releases like 12.04 (Precise) offer this service for a longer term than other releases of Ubuntu.

I can't personally guarantee that the precautions are perfect, but I think they are pretty good for the current state of the art.


If you are searching for information about grunt.Run

whereis grunt

Or

whatis grunt

Or

which grunt


AppArmor enabled on system but the docker-default profile could not be loaded [Ubuntu Core 16]

First, apologies for not receiving any reply to your very important issue. As a note to others who may run into this same issue, the main crux of the issue was that the core snap on the 3001 where docker would run successfully was at a newer core snap version, whereas on the 5100, the core snap was stuck at the same outdated version that shipped with the factory Ubuntu Core image. The outdated version had an issue that made receiving newer versions of the core snap not function correctly. The issue has been resolved on the Ubuntu Store side so that this older core snap can be updated to the latest validated version, so this particular issue should not affect anyone else.

Also, for future reference, I'd like to point you to the snapcraft.io forums where everything snaps and Ubuntu Core are discussed.


csh \ which $SHELL still gives /bin/bash

The SHELL environment variable does not indicate what shell you are currently using. It is simply set, when you log in, to the value of the login shell field of /etc/passwd, which in your case is /bin/bash.

If you want to change your login shell, run chsh (change shell).

The login shell set in /etc/passwd controls, among other things, what shell is run when you open a terminal emulator, such as gnome-terminal.

To see what shell you are currently using, try ps -p $$


Cannot install / setup the Open VPN in Ubuntu Mate 15.10

It's for Security purposes you will be not able to see anything when you are typing your password, so that others can't guess your password by looking at number of characters or so...

You just type your Password and type enter.

sudo is command you use to give it another command a higher level privileges,Incase of windows you 'run it as Administrator'.

You are supposed to give root privileges in order to install any package (Application).


Why are 2 Adobe Flash Plugin on USC (Ubuntu Software Center)?

One of the packages you are seeing is a transitional package, flashplugin-nonfree. This was the name for flash in the repository for a long time. At one point the Adobe Flash plugin was renamed to something else, flashplugin-installer. I don't remember the reasons for this happening. The older package depends on the newer one to make upgrades smoother for people so that if you had installed flashplugin-nonfree in the past you would have the proper flashplugin-installer when you upgraded.

In 10.10 there's only flashplugin-installer. Ideally the Software Center should only be presenting one option to the user, so that's probably a bug. Choosing either one will do the right thing. The prompt in Firefox installs flashplugin-installer, so if you just choose that you'll be fine.

The Adobe website gives me the option of a .deb and "APT for Ubuntu 9.04+". The apt option just activates the partner channel in the Software Center and installs the right one anyway. (It's the same package!) I am not sure if the .deb automatically installs their repository to get updates, so it's probably the least desirable of the three.


This depends on the logging capability of the router which serves the network. Once you have found how to see that log, capture it and then study it at your leisure.


Switched to Intel Graphics, can't boot now (Failed to Start GPU off during boot)

Try disabling the nouveau drivers from grub. To do this when your computer is first booting up hold the shift key until you get into the grub menu.
When there press e and then go down to the line that starts with "linux" and go to the very end of that line (often times it's wordwrapped so adjust for that). At the very end attach
'nouveau.modeset=0' and press F10 to resume to boot.
This will only get you through this boot though and it's not a permanent fix. Once booted you can try undoing the change.


Nvidia
Nvidia GTX 1080
Purge the Nvidia server driver that you have installed now, and assure that you have the latest Nvidia driver 465.27, which can be downloaded here.

SWAP
A 2G /swapfile is too small. Let's increase it to 4G.
Note: Incorrect use of the rm and dd commands can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
In the terminal...
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 16G RAM and 4G swap

Edit /etc/fstab, using sudo -H gedit /etc/fstab or sudo pico /etc/fstab.
Confirm this /swapfile line in /etc/fstab... and confirm no other “swap” lines... use SPACES in this line... confirm NO TABS...
/swapfile  none  swap  sw  0  0

reboot                    # reboot and verify operation

BIOS
MSI Z170A Gaming Pro Carbon
You have a really old BIOS 1.00, from 2015. There's a newer BIOS available, version 1.A0, from 7/13/18, and can be downloaded here.
Note: Confirm that I have the correct web page for your motherboard.
Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.


Cannot fix grub after running boot repair

When I had this problem I only had to launch my current config in order to launch the operating system (GRUB was OK but it couldn't read it's config).

The method I used was:

  set root=(hd<tab>

Now you should see the list of possible drives and partitions

Just select the desired one.

Now type:

  configfile=/path/to/file

In my PC it was /boot/grub/grub.cfg but it may differ on your machine.

After that bust type boot and you sould see the correct config.

Now that your OS is up and running just reinstall grub as root on the desired drive and run update-grub as root as well.

Update if you need further assistance.


Can I install Ubuntu without losing my files when i replace windows

you could format windows partition and mount it in ubuntu on startup.
or if you have time and actually want to have one partition that has all ubuntu files you could use gparted live cd and delete the windows partitin then resize ubuntu's.


Firefox can't update to the latest version

You should update Firefox over the package manager
Open the Terminal while pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
Enter:

sudo apt update

and then do

sudo apt upgrade

You may be asked for your password.


Ubuntu Contacts and Google - how to sync?

Well there are two Online Accounts Apps in Ubuntu:

Ubuntu Online Accounts. This one is for the Unity Desktop and is pre installed in Ubuntu.
Gnome Online Accounts. This one is for the Gnome Shell Desktop and is not pre installed in Ubuntu.

The gnome-contacts App is a Gnome Application and therefore uses the Gnome Online Accounts App. But you use the Ubuntu Online Accounts, which curiously do not link the Address book of the Google Account.

Install the Gnome Online Accounts in Unity

Install Gnome Online Accounts with:

sudo apt-get install gnome-online-accounts

After that you must activate the Gnome Online Accounts for the Unity Desktop [Source]:

Change in the file:

sudo nano /usr/share/applications/gnome-online-accounts-panel.desktop

the line from

OnlyShowIn=GNOME;

to

OnlyShowIn=GNOME;Unity;

After that you should see two Online Accounts in System Settings and in Unity Dash. Add your Google account also to the Gnome Online Accounts and you should be able to see your Google Contacts in the gnome-contacts App (perhaps you must change your Address Book in the menu of gnome-contacts with change address-book to the google address-book of you choose local address-book before).

EDIT: Since Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty

Since Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty the gnome-control-center where you open the Online Accounts was replaced by unity-control-center. Therefore trying to open the Gnome Online Accounts in Unity will fail with ** (unity-control-center:13209): WARNING **: Could not find settings panel "online-accounts" (If you lunch gnome-control-center, unity-control-center will be opened instead). It seems not to be possible to open the Gnome Online Accounts in Unity anymore. However you can

install gnome-shell
log into the Gnome Shell Desktop
Adding Account to Gnome Online Accounts
Remove gnome-shell again if you want

then the Google Account Contacts will also be available in Unity in gnome-contacts


Inactive memory is basically a cache, which makes consecutive operations faster. For example, that makes the second launch of Firefox significantly faster, than the first one.

You can be quite sure that this does not make your system slower. When there is a need of RAM, Linux (the kernel) can drop these immediately.

So actually, what you think as a deficiency, is actually a pretty amazing piece of engineering. Obligatory reference: "Linux ate my RAM!"


0 A.D(game) doesn't work after I updated to linux 18.04 LTS?

Presumably, there may be a bug in the game that causes this error.

To run the game, I first uninstalled the game that I installed from Ubuntu Software Center using:

sudo apt-get remove --autoremove 0ad 0ad-data

Then I reinstalled the game using:

sudo snap install 0ad

The same version of 0 a.d. from snap doesn't have this problem.


Getting an "Unexpected end of file" error

read n done

This reads two values from the input into $n and $done.

Insert ; or a newline before done to make it close the while loop.


I'm having the exact same trouble as you have. Tried a fresh install on 11.10 but upon first reboot im getting the grub rescue> prompt.

From what I can google - Dell mini v10 sports the Intel 945 chipset. There are apparently issues with this chipset and the Vertex plus SSD.

Most post are on Win7 issues, but this goes for all os:es - issue is with the chipset and not the os:

http://www.ocztechnologyforum.com/forum/showthread.php?94092-Clean-Format
http://www.ocztechnologyforum.com/forum/showthread.php?94049-Vertex-plus-and-T60-did-I-get-hosed
http://www.ocztechnologyforum.com/forum/showthread.php?93863-Vertex-Plus-60GB-OCZSSD2-1VTXPL60G-won-t-work-on-Gateway-LT2016U-netbook&highlight=ubuntu+vertex+plus

There are some more threads on issues with the 945 and Vertex plus, search the ocz forums.


Will 64 bits flash be available in 11.10?

It is available in the partner repository. Enable partner repository first then you can do:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install adobe-flashplugin

Have a look at this:

How do I install Adobe Flash player?


I get a second menu on my dual boot machine after I choose Windows XP, I then have to choose again

Try downloading EasyBCD for Windows and installing it. Once installed open it up (need admin privileges), then go to boot loader menu entries. Delete the Ubuntu one (dont worry this will not lock you out of Ubuntu), save then reset.

What is happening is that the machine is booting to GRUB, and when you selecu Ubuntu, it boots directly with the parameters specified under that option. Select windows, and it will simply refer you to BCD (the Microsoft equivalent to GRUB), since GRUB cannot handle windows entries directly. If BCD has only one entry, or if it has been given a default, that can only be overridden via F8, then it will boot straight into windows without any visible indicators taking place.

It sounds like your 9.04 was installed via Wubi, inside of windows, but your 10.10 was installed via LiveCD. The Wubi installer does not install GRUB, but merely puts a link into BCD. The LiveCD installer, on the other hand, installs GRUB, leaving BCD for Windows entries, thus creating the choosing twice problem you have now. The one in your BCD is actually a separate installation.


Kubuntu 20.04 font used when the font is not installed

To find out which font is being used for nonexistent fonts, you can execute:
fc-match 'nonexistent font'

In my case, I was using the Twitter Color Emoji SVGinOT Font. Uninstalling the fonts-twemoji-svginot package made everything work perfectly again.
However digging deeper, for some reason I had many other fonts for other languages installed (e.g. noto, lohit, tamal, tlwg and several others). When I removed all of these and left basically just the default fonts installed, it also fixed the problem mentioned in this post (even with fonts-twemoji-svginot still installed), so it shows that this package somehow conflicts with these other ones. However I was still having other font-related issues not mentioned here, so I left this package uninstalled.


How to enable SOCKS 5 authentication in Network Proxy Preferences

You may use tsocks

This programm socksifies each programm.
This is indeed only a workaround.

But in the tsocks config you can supply an user + password

It's shame but i think you have to create for each programm a startscript which starts it using tsocks

http://linux.die.net/man/5/tsocks.conf

http://www.ubuntux.org/evolution-using-a-socks-proxy


Boot problems after installing package `android`. How do I fix it?

I experienced this recently whilst playing around with Ubuntu Touch and Android linux containers (lxc). the symptom was my system would hang on the boot-up splash screen (after entering my LUKS passphrase).

I fixed this by going into recovery mode and deleting /etc/ureadahead-touch.conf and doing a complete removal in Synaptic of android-tools-adb, android-tools-fastboot lxc-android-config and ubuntu-device-flash.

From the command line the following should work:

sudo rm  /etc/ureadahead-touch.conf
sudo apt-get purge android-tools-adb android-tools-fastboot lxc-android-config ubuntu-device-flash

I'm not sure which of these was causing the problem, but they were all putting stuff in /etc which may have been causing the problem. After this my system booted up normally. Most likely it was the lxc-android-config stuff causing problems.

Hopefully this will save other people from the same issue in the future. It was also helpful to disable the Ubuntu splash screen, by disabling plymouth.


How to disable IPv6 on Windows Subsystem for Linux?

Instead of disabling IPv6 completely, you can instruct Ubuntu to prefer IPv4 connections to IPv6 by editing the precedence blocks in /etc/gai.conf.

Using this solution:

You may access servers in Internet with IPv4 an IPv6 servers through a NAT or a router that only understand IPv4
Use IPv4 and IPv6 in the local network
Avoid errors, for instance, installing gem files from rubygems.org

Preferring IPv4 over IPV6 addresses

Modifying the precedences in the gai.conf, every time a program calls getaddrinfo() for resolving host names, Linux will prefer the IPv4 addreses. This is very useful when you try to contact a server with both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses from a machine behind a NAT or a router. In addition, you may use IPv6 locally.

Edit the /etc/gai.conf

$ sudo vi /etc/gai.conf

Uncomment the last lines. Check that file has the next uncommented lines.

#For sites which prefer IPv4 connections change the last line to
precedence ::ffff:0:0/96 100
...
#    For sites which use site-local IPv4 addresses behind NAT there is
#    the problem that even if IPv4 addresses are preferred they do not
#    have the same scope and are therefore not sorted first.  To change
#    this use only these rules:
#
scopev4 ::ffff:169.254.0.0/112  2
scopev4 ::ffff:127.0.0.0/104    2
scopev4 ::ffff:0.0.0.0/96       14


Where can I download Linux-signed-image kernels?

You dont need to download or add a repository. You can install following linux-signed-image-3.x.x.x generic packages in 13.10 :

linux-signed-image-3.11.0-12-generic
linux-signed-image-3.11.0-13-generic
linux-signed-image-3.11.0-14-generic
linux-signed-image-3.11.0-15-generic
linux-signed-image-3.11.0-17-generic
linux-signed-image-3.11.0-18-generic
linux-signed-image-3.11.0-20-generic
linux-signed-image-3.11.0-22-generic
linux-signed-image-3.11.0-23-generic

Can install them as:

sudo apt-get install [PACKAGE NAME]


Dead ASUS laptop - Can I boot Windows from within Ubuntu terminal?

Do you have anything plugged in your computer? USB drives, SD cards, etc? I have heard of computers trying to boot to SD cards or USB sticks with nothing on them before. If you don't have anything wrong, see if you can find any windows 7 DVD (does a friend have one you could use?) and boot into the repair tools and command prompt to see if you can locate your hard drive from there, try doing check disk and sfc scans on the drive from there if possible, if you need more info on how to do that I can post more tomorrow.

I don't think there is a way you can boot into windows from within Linux, the only thing you can do there is a virtual windows machine in a Linux machine, but I don't think you can boot to a hard disk from within a live CD.


The OP solved the problem and posted the solution here on Ubuntu Forums.
(Thanks to vasa1 for finding this.)

While the problem remains somewhat vague, the solution can be applied easily, so this may help others in the same situation.

The solution was to kill wget (probably with killall wget assuming no other important wget instances). Apparently the problem related to a session or sessions that had remained open due to running wget instances.

More information does not appear to be available.

@lance: Please still post an answer if you can give more information, for example, if you know why your solution worked.


Setting up postfix is much easier with this package that ubuntu comes with.

sudo apt-get install mail-stack-delivery

Should set up everything for you - postfix and dovecot.  Just make another user on linux

adduser myname

and it will automatically set up an email for you.

Of course you have to set mx records to point to your domain


I believe that you have disabled Amazon shopping results via Privacy settings. Doing so would also disable any lenses that use internet results, such as Gwibber. Re enable Include online search results, to get the Gwibber lens back.

If you would like to disable Amazon Online results, open the terminal and run this command:

sudo apt-get remove unity-lens-shopping

This is for 64bit OS.

For 32bit OS, run this instead:

unity-lens-shopping:i386

Alternatively, you can search for these packages in the Software Centre and remove them manually.


Accessing files in a directory without x-permission?

x bit for directory is also called as search bit. Actually, it enables you to access the inodes of the files listed inside the folder.
So if you want to access /home/user/foo/bar.txt then you must have search access on every ancestor of bar.txt

Quoting from the page

  Because directories are not used in the same way as regular files, the
  permissions work slightly (but only slightly) differently.  An attempt
  to list the files in a directory requires read permission for the
  directory, but not on the files within.  An attempt to add a file to a
  directory, delete a file from a directory, or to rename a file, all
  require write permission for the directory, but (perhaps surprisingly)
  not for the files within.  Execute permission doesn't apply to
  directories (a directory can't also be a program).  But that
  permission bit is reused for directories for other purposes.

  Execute permission is needed on a directory to be able to cd into it
  (that is, to make some directory your current working directory).

  Execute is needed on a directory to access the inode information of
  the files within.  You need this to search a directory to read the
  inodes of the files within.  For this reason the execute permission on
  a directory is often called search permission instead.

  Search permission is required in many common situations.  Consider the
  command cat /home/user/foo.  This command clearly requires read
  permission for the file foo.  But unless you have search permission on
  /, /home, and /home/user directories, cat can't locate the inode of
  foo and thus can't read it!  You need search permission on every
  ancestor directory to access the inode of any file (or directory), and
  you can't read a file unless you can get to its inode.

Please read more at file permission directory section.

Update: Leo raised a very good question. If we know the inode then can we access a file from a directory having it's x bit unset?
I believe, we should not be able to do so. I did not test it by c program but rather used some handy bash commands to confirm it.

user@user-desktop:~/test$ ls -lart
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 49 user user 4096 2011-11-30 22:37 ..
drwxr-xr-x  3 user user 4096 2011-11-30 22:37 .
drwxr-xr-x  2 user user 4096 2011-11-30 22:38 level1
user@user-desktop:~/test$ ls -lart level1/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 3 user user 4096 2011-11-30 22:37 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 2011-11-30 22:38 .
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user    8 2011-11-30 22:38 file1
user@user-desktop:~/test$ stat level1
  File: `level1'
  Size: 4096        Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   directory
Device: 808h/2056d  Inode: 95494       Links: 2
Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x)  Uid: ( 1000/    user)   Gid: ( 1000/    user)
Access: 2011-11-30 22:46:16.576702105 +0530
Modify: 2011-11-30 22:38:12.386701913 +0530
Change: 2011-11-30 22:46:08.876702102 +0530
user@user-desktop:~/test$ stat level1/file1
  File: `level1/file1'
  Size: 8           Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 808h/2056d  Inode: 60775       Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: ( 1000/    user)   Gid: ( 1000/    user)
Access: 2011-11-30 22:38:19.846701917 +0530
Modify: 2011-11-30 22:38:16.366701915 +0530
Change: 2011-11-30 22:38:16.366701915 +0530
user@user-desktop:~/test$ chmod -x level1
user@user-desktop:~/test$ stat level1/file1
stat: cannot stat `level1/file1': Permission denied
user@user-desktop:~/test$ ls -lart level1/
ls: cannot access level1/..: Permission denied
ls: cannot access level1/.: Permission denied
ls: cannot access level1/file1: Permission denied
total 0
-????????? ? ? ? ?                ? file1
d????????? ? ? ? ?                ? ..
d????????? ? ? ? ?                ? .
user@user-desktop:~/test$ cat level1/file1
cat: level1/file1: Permission denied
user@user-desktop:~/test$ find . -inum 95494
./level1
user@user-desktop:~/test$ find . -inum 60775
user@user-desktop:~/test$ find ./level -inum 60775
find: `./level': No such file or directory
user@user-desktop:~/test$ find ./level1 -inum 60775


Maximized windows on Unity start without covering the sidebar - how can i do that manually?

I'm sorry, but there is none. The behaviour that you see in the first screenshot is the result of bug https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/731786. If you want to have the launcher visible, you'll have to set the launcher to be always visible.


On Aquarius M10 Ubuntu Tablet— Tab-Complete with Virtual Keyboard?

I think it's sufficient to tap on the terminal window to send a TAB.


Ubuntu 18.04 cannot find built in speakers

Have you ever opened the laptop? if so, check if the speakers are properly plugged in. If they are or you don't feel like taking out the screwdriver, check if it's enabled in the BIOS. Another solution might be to use a program to determine what connected devices are properly working.


Is it possible two graphical interfaces at the same time in different tty?

Exactly this is the default behavior when you are already logged in with one user and switch accounts.

When you login with the second user, usually tty8 is opened for that user.
You can then switch between the logins on tty7 and tty8 using Strg-Alt-F7/F8.


How to install League of Legends on Ubuntu 14.04

There is a very famous Linux and Mac program called Wine. You can use it to run Windows programs. There is no LoL Linux support, so you will have to do it through Wine.

Open a Terminal window (Ctrl + Alt + T) and type:

sudo apt-get install wine

Press ENTER. You will be prompted for your password. Type it and press ENTER.
Wine installation will begin. It will download about 350 MB of data and then install Wine.

After the installation ended, run winecfg in a terminal. Set default emulated Windows as Windows 7, apply and click OK.

Some errors may occur (we are playing with luck), but anyway, download League of Legends, install it (just double-click the installer or whatever and Wine will do it by itself) and run the game. This should work, but if it does not, I do not know what to do. It is a very long process, but you have to understand LoL is not a game made for Linux, and issues are common, normally with 3D Windows games.

If this does not work, do not worry: There are many games for Linux. You can install Steam (sudo apt-get install steam in a Terminal) and many games that run natively, like Wolfenstein, Urban Terror, Counter Strike, Team Fortress and so on.

UPDATE1: Hey, look: WineHQ LoL link! This website shows how Windows programs run under Wine, and LoL has Gold rate. This means that people can play it and there is no issue! Good luck!

UPDATE 2: This thread is in the official LoL forums. It has a few more steps that may help you.


Well after looking around a bit and trying different things, i tried this and it fixed the problem.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jconti/gnome3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-applet-complete
sudo reboot


Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS 64-bit GTK themes and Icon themese not working properly

I think my mistake was to move the themes installed via PPA directly over to the other computer, thinking that it will work since all themes are constrained to the directories /usr/share/icons/ and /usr/share/themes as far as I understood from this experience it is not the case. Anyways I deleted nearly everything in these folders and hope to replace the default Ubuntu 14.04 themes as well where can I find them?


Extra space of extended partition is not used

So I've found the issue and the solution. The issue is that only the physical volume was extended. I had to extend the logical volume as well and it seems that either GParted doesn't do that or it failed because I booted on the partition I wanted to reboot.
So, first, I made a second virtual machine to which I added the disk of the problematic machine to be able to manage its disk without booting it. Somehow, I couldn't boot on CD/USB of the first virtual machine, it wouldn't show up.
Then I followed the section "Increasing the logical volume" of the following guide: https://www.rootusers.com/how-to-increase-the-size-of-a-linux-lvm-by-expanding-the-virtual-machine-disk/.


OK...

[ ] virtio drivers?
file based images will always be slower than raw images served by LVM etc
because the filesystem (VFS) overhead is still there.
It sounds like you're sharing image space with host operating system. So when
the HV hits swap or gets busy for other reasons that will really impeded guest
performance.

KVM tuning guide, features RH but all the recommendations are generic.
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/lnxinfo/v3r0m0/topic/liaat/liaatbestpractices_pdf.pdf

CPU is usually the last place you look for io performance bottlenecks, pining  vcpus might be a good idea though to isolate things. I/O is complex and isn't direct as many think. It functions as a writeback system and is heavily dependent on how much ram you have, the width of your memory buses, and how swappiness is tuned among a host of other tunables. There's no silver bullet or "flat rate" solution, it usually isn't the obvious symptom. Things like linux-perf and systemtap can help diagnose where the bottleneck is and identify the root cause. Good luck.


Can I change "Activities" in gnome-shell to an Ubuntu logo?

I'm looking for that also. If you check back in at this site:

Gnome-Shell Extensions

You will see a note stating that he will be updating his extensions to work with 3.2 over the next few weeks.

Go into the 3.0 extensions link and you will see an link for activitiesbutton.tar.gz

That is an extension that allows you to select an icon to replace the activities label in gnome 3.0, but as yet I haven't been able to recode it successfully myself to work with 3.2, so am waiting on fpmurphy to do it ;0)

If you have any more luck with it please post back here and let me know :)

Cheers!


Prevent standard users from seeing and running some apps

You might try changing the permissions of that program. I don't know if you can prevent a user from seeing the file, but you can definitely remove their permission to execute it.

You can remove everyone but the owners right to read, write, and execute the program.

# removing read, write, execute privileges of "group" and "other" from the program file.
sudo chmod go-rwx <program file>

If you want someone else to be able to be able to read, write, or execute that file then you can give the program file "group permissions" and add the the desired users to that files group.

sudo chmod g+rwx <program file>

sudo useradd -G <UserToAddToGroup> <NameOfFilesGroup>

I think if you spend a little time to learn the permission structure you will be able to accomplish what you are wanting to do.

Also, IIRC you could probably use sudoers to achieve your goals as well. This would be more complicated and require some reading.

You can modify sudoers with: sudo visudo

Hope this helps.


Best way to make an USB stick both a storage media and a bootable Live Ubuntu device?

You can try creating a ext4 partition and a fat partition on the same usb stick and make sure you only dd the iso to the ext4 partition

It might not like that if it tries to expand the fs or create a virtual swap

I have a 16gb usb and it runs my ubuntu usb for Installs and emergencies but I can easily save files to the system and I can retrieve files saved to the usb on my windows or Mac but unless you install software or use a vm instance of linux on Mac and windows you may have issues saving files on the usb if you only keep 1 partition

On my Mac I have a ubuntu install iso that I dd'd onto a seperate partition and it works just fine but my Mac doesn't see the seperate partition on the harddrive but does see any usb isos when plugged in

I'd start w a two partition usb and only dd the ubuntu iso onto the first and make sure it's ext4 - give it enough space to run and expand the fs so I'd do at least 10gb for ubuntu and whatever leftover for fat

Also be careful about which partition table you use and need as linux doesn't like older Macs gpt table and you'd have to use gparted to mount and do anything w it

Try and use mbr but depending how old your system is that your using and if you require secure boot vs legacy boot vs uefi boot, that may not be an option


I am exepriencing the same issue, and I found this thread: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ecryptfs/+bug/509180?comments=all

Especially interesting is the fact that corrupted RAM could cause to disk issues for the encrypted areas: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ecryptfs/+bug/509180?comments=all

Haven't gotten around to check if it works for me tho.


What does /dev/null mean in a shell script?

Assuming the commands succeeded, /var/log/messages and /var/log/wtmp still exist but are now blank.

Shell Redirection

> is a redirection operator, implemented by the shell. Its syntax is:

command > file

This redirects command's standard output to file.

file may also be a device node.
If file doesn't exist, it is created as a regular file.
If file already exists as a regular file and is non-empty, it is overwritten. This is typically the case in the commands you ran, where you redirected the output of cat /dev/null to messages and wtmp.
If file already exists as a symbolic link, the link's target is used.
If file already exists as a directory, you'll get an error like bash: file: Is a directory.

(Of course, these operations may fail for other reasons, such as lack of permissions or a filesystem error.)

The >> redirection operator is similar, but it appends to the end of non-empty regular files instead of overwriting their contents. (Another redirection operator is <. command < file uses file as command's standard input.)

The null Device

/dev/null is a simple device (implemented in software and not corresponding to any hardware device on the system).

/dev/null looks empty when you read from it.
Writing to /dev/null does nothing: data written to this device simply "disappear."

Often a command's standard output is silenced by redirecting it to /dev/null, and this is perhaps the null device's commonest use in shell scripting:

command > /dev/null

You're using /dev/null differently. cat /dev/null outputs the "contents" of /dev/null, which is to say its output is blank. > messages (or > wtmp) causes this blank output to be redirected to the file on the right side of the > operator.

Since messages and wtmp are regular files (rather than, for example, device nodes), they are turned into blank files (i.e., emptied).

You could use any command that does nothing and produces no output, to the left of >.

An alternative way to clear these files would be to run:

echo -n > messages
echo -n > wtmp

The -n flag is required, or echo writes a newline character.

(This always works in bash. And I believe the default sh in every GNU/Linux distribution and other Unix-like system popularly used today supports the -n flag in its echo builtin. But jlliagre is right that echo -n should be avoided for a truly portable shell script, as it's not required to work. Maybe that's why the guide you're using teaches the cat /dev/null way instead.)

The echo -n way is equivalent in its effects but arguably is a better solution, in that it's simpler.
cat /dev/null > file opens three "files":

The cat executable (usually /bin/cat), a regular file.
The /dev/null device.
file

In contrast, echo -n > file opens only file (echo is a shell builtin).

Although this should be expected to improve performance, that's not the benefit--not when just running a couple of these commands by hand, anyway. Instead, the benefit is that it's easier to understand what's going on.

Redirection and the trivial (blank/empty) command.

As jlliagre has pointed out (see also jlliagre's answer), this can be shortened further by simply omitting the command on the left of > altogether. While you cannot omit the right side of a > or >> expression, the blank command is valid (it's the command you're running when you just press Enter on an empty prompt), and in omitting the left side you're just redirecting the output of that command.

Note that this output does not contain a newline. When you press Enter on a command prompt--whether or not you've typed anything--the shell (running interactively) prints a newline before running the command issued. This newline is not part of the command's output.

Redirecting from the blank command (instead of from cat /dev/null or echo -n) looks like:

&gt messages
&gt wtmp


Will upgrading to Ubuntu 14 from Ubuntu 12.04 erase or damage my files?

NO it will not delete or damage your files. But having a backup is never wrong. In rare cases the upgrade will fail. I mostly re-install Ubuntu from scratch instead of jumping from 12.04 to 14.04.


Difference between a 'runlevel' or a 'multiuser runlevel'?

Given that the only singleuser runlevel is 1, saying 'multiuser runlevel' implies a runlevel between 2 and 5. Just saying 'runlevel' would include 0 for shutdown, 6 for reboot., and of course 1 for single-user.


How can I make a specific set of iptables rules permanent?

The simplest method is to use
iptables-save and
iptables-restore to
save the currently-defined iptables rules to a file and (re)load them
(e.g., upon reboot).

So, for instance, you would run

sudo iptables-save | sudo tee /etc/iptables.conf

to save your current iptables rules to /etc/iptables.conf and then insert these lines in /etc/rc.local:

# Load iptables rules from this file
iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.conf


mod_rewrite not working after upgrade to 12.10

I was able to fix this issue. All I had to do was edit my virtual host and remove "Multiviews" from my options.

Old:

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Multiviews

New:

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

And then it worked!


Have you re-installed Ubuntu 12.04 on the same partition as before? Then it should have asked before installing whether to overwrite all data - and remove it in the process. There should have been an option to upgrade (AFAIK) which should keep all data intact. I'm going to assume you have overwritten that partition.

If that is the case - you are essentially screwed. The photos are most likely lost. But maybe not entirely. So read on. If your case is different, please edit your post accordingly (for example, if your home directory is on a separate partition, the photos are most likely still there). The partition setup is the most important bit.

First: don't touch that Ubuntu installation until you have either recovered all you wanted or given up. Starting Ubuntu WILL make matters even worse.

I have once used a program called TestDisk which seemed to do the job (but AFAIK it didn't do what I wanted, but not at the fault of the program). There is a program by the same developer, called PhotoRec, which should be able to recover photos and other file types from a partition. You can run it from Windows. Starting Windows should not affect the Ubuntu partition (if you haven't done anything than the standard dual-boot install). It will ask for a partition and will search for photos on it. This will take a long time. Filenames and directory structure is most likely lost. And it may not be able to recover all images. But when you have only installed Ubuntu and not done too much other things with that installation, it is, in the best situation, able to recover most of the photos.

For the next time, it is (in my opinion) best to put the /home directory on a separate partition (as ext4) and maybe create an additional partition as ntfs that is shared between Windows and Ubuntu. This is the way I use partitions and it works very good with re-installations. Normal upgrading (via the Update Manager / Software Updater) will not erase any data this way. Re-installing Ubuntu on the same partiton as before only removes the OS, not the data (except for directories outside /home like /var/www). It is then only needed to enter the same partitions in the installation dialog so they are automatically mounted on system start (or they may be entered manually in /etc/fstab, but that's more advanced and probably off-topic).


snapshot_root is the root for the paths you specify under backup.

For example:

snapshot_root  /var/backups/me/
...
backup /home/me/movies/ /media/
backup /home/me/music/  /media/
backup /home/me/drafts/ /documents/

After running rsnapshot hourly, for example, the snapshots would be stored under

/var/backups/me/hourly.0/media
/var/backups/me/hourly.0/documents

The snapshot target must be a local filesystem (although the source can be remote).

I think the simplest option is to put the rsnapshot service on the remote server, and let it copy from your webserver. Using ssh, it would look something like

snapshot_root  /var/backups/me/
...
backup me@example.com:/home/me/movies/ /media/

You would need to have the ssh daemon running on the "example.com" box, and configured so that the user (here "me") can ssh into "example.com" without being asked for a password.

See the rsnapshot HOWTO (section 4.3.8 Backup) for more details.


How to enable the Update notification in the Unity notification area?

You can get notified via Unity Launcher.

Open your Dash (press Super) and query for Software Sources to open it.

In the Updates tab, modify the settings for Automatically check for updates:, When there are security updates: and When there are other updates:as per your wish.

Now when there would be any updates available, you would be notified via Launcher.


Is distribution of raring packages officially ended?

Raring went End of Life some time ago.  All releases of Ubuntu have specific End of Life dates.  The wiki contains a page of all Releases, both current releases and releases that have gone End of Life, where they are no longer supported, and no longer should be used.  It is infinitely important that you use a version of Ubuntu that is still supported so that you do not put yourself and your data at risk.

The "repositories" for older releases of Ubuntu are under this location but never receive updates or security fixes.  Continuing to use an older release that has gone End of Life puts you and your data at risk.


One cannot enable video until the person you are calling has answered. The button is just grey.

Anyway to test your video in skype one has to check Skype -> Options -> Video Devices and see whether there is a video showing up.


Running the .sh :
the guides are ok but  bit vague
I take it you're using alien ?
this guy is more thorough in his explenation :
https://youtu.be/dWnAizA1bYE
The issue (I think) is that executable rights need to be added and you need to cd to the folder and run the script not just type sqldeveloper like you're doing.
it so happens that this is one of the simplest setups for .desktop files so you can make yourself one with your own custom icon for convenience : https://askubuntu.com/a/398669/307184
for safety's sake uninstall it first via apt remove sqldeveloper and run the guide from this guy's video step by step.


How to setup remote encrypted dir with conflict handling?

I think that ownCloud will probably do what you're looking for.

If you can't/don't want to run ownCloud, and want to roll your own solution, you'll need:

(1) a capable revision control system to deal with conflicts, like git, hg or bzr;

(2) encryption tools like TrueCrypt, eCryptFS or Duplicity;

(3) a method of accessing the file server, such as FTP or SSH; and

(4) a number of complex hand-crafted shell scripts to tie the whole thing together.


The right place should be the file /etc/network/interfaces. You add a line like:

up route add default gw 192.168.0.1 dev eth0

The IP address is the one of your default gateway and the last entry is the device name of your device.


This is because windows use Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA). What it does is when there's no DHCP to assign IP address automatically the windows machine assigns itself a random IP from the range of 169.254.0.1 through 169.254.255.254.
So what you can do is when you connect your Ubuntu with cable you can manually assign a random IP address from the range of 169.254.0.1 through 169.254.255.254 and you'll have connection to the windows computer. You only need to watch out not to assign the same IP address the windows machine has assigned itself (you can check it running ipconfig in CMD).
I hope that helps!


Playback issues in Audacity and other apps

I had the same problem with Ubuntu 18.04, Audacity 2.1.1 and VirtualBox.

I found that by changing Audacity's playback device to "sysdefault" the scratching and jumping goes away.


Ok, from grub type ls (hd0,1)/
you should see a file named vmlinuz or linux, and initrd.img

Type linux (hd0,1)/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1 or linux (hd0,1)/linux root=/dev/sda1 depending on what you found with ls (hd0,1)/, then:

initrd (hd0,1)/initrd.img
boot

If you get initramfs rescue mode enter your password, then startx.
You should now have a desktop.

Use gparted to check your file system, if it reports an error, then you need to boot from a LiveCD or other media to fix it .... DO NOT attempt to repair a mounted partition.

The following three commands fix many grub boot problems. They run quick so just do all three instead of trying to find which one you need.

sudo grub-install /dev/sda && sudo update-grub && sudo update-initramfs -u

Reboot and see what you get.


Bash script to calculate remaining days to expire SSL certs in a website

This should work
#!/bin/bash

website="xplosa.com"
certificate_file=$(mktemp)
echo -n | openssl s_client -servername "$website" -connect "$website":443 2>/dev/null | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > $certificate_file
date=$(openssl x509 -in $certificate_file -enddate -noout | sed "s/.*=\(.*\)/\1/")
date_s=$(date -d "${date}" +%s)
now_s=$(date -d now +%s)
date_diff=$(( (date_s - now_s) / 86400 ))
echo "$website will expire in $date_diff days"
rm "$certificate_file"


To make the original answer a little clearer for other folks:

In Ubuntu 13.04 (should work in 12.10 as well), with just the kernel headers installed, you can do this:

sudo ln -s /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/include/linux/version.h

I have to do that every time I update the kernel right now.


Broken python dependencies after trying to re-install

dpkg: error processing package python3.6-minimal (--configure):
  dpkg: error processing package python3.6 (--configure):
  dpkg: error processing package python3.6-dev (--configure):

You have 3 dpkg package error to need reconfigure, one thing to do that follow

sudo dpkg --configure -a

i see you have 4 package not upgraded

Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
4 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.

Make sure all package had been updated and upgraded, run

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get autoremove

if the output log said

Errors were encountered while processing:
python3.6-minimal
python-minimal
python3.6
python3.6-dev

try to type sudo apt-get install --fix-broken

if you still have error encountered while processing that package, try to purge and remove all python and reinstall it again, follow

sudo apt-get purge python* && sudo apt-get autoclean && sudo apt-get install python*

Hope this helps.


Update not finishing, seems to get stuck - I now can't install anything

Same here. Workaround I've found is to uninstall all nvidia drivers - go back to using Nouvo drivers - then reinstall/uninstall kernels and reinstall nvidia drivers. Tedious as it is I can't find any better way to solve it.


If you removed or disabled NetworkManager you need to configure networking manually.

1) Add your nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf

# change '192.168.0.1' to the nameserver you want to use.
nameserver 192.168.0.1

2) Bring your network down.

sudo service networking stop

3) Edit /etc/network/interfaces

# command line
sudo -e /etc/network/interfaces

# graphical
gksu gedit /etc/network/interfaces

Add in your configuration for eth0. With DHCP it is short.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

4) Bring your network up

sudo service networking start

dhcp / networking should then work properly when you re-boot.


Youtube Videos Are Not Playing in Ubuntu 14.04

You should install a package called "ubuntu-restricted-extras" with this command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

Actually, installer offers to do it for you but you may have not checked it up. This package brings various parts that may be illegal in some countries, so they are kept out of installation images. This contains archievers, encryption software and media codecs.


Running Windows in Ubuntu like running Ubuntu in Windows via Virtual Box

There are several.  VirtualBox and VMWare are both available for Ubuntu, or if you prefer something FOSS you can use KVM in Ubuntu, and all of these are capable of running Windows VM's inside Ubuntu.


samba share from Ubuntu VM fails with 'force user'

I stumbled across this answer on ServerFault which gave me the clue that I needed to add 'root' to the list of valid users.

The two shares which previous weren't working, now are. I added 'www-data' and 'root' respectively next to the 'valid users':

[sites]
path = /home/username/sites
available = yes
valid users = username,www-data
read only = no
browseable = yes
public = yes
writable = yes
force user = www-data
force group = www-data
create mask = 0644
directory mask = 0755
hide dot files = no
follow symlinks = no
;wide links = no

[etc]
path = /etc
available = yes
valid users = username,root
#guest ok = yes
#guest only = yes
read only = no
browseable = yes
public = yes
writable = yes
force user = root
force group = root
create mask = 0644
directory mask = 0755
hide dot files = no
follow symlinks = no

Anyways. This answer is for anyone else who might stumble across the same problem.
(No, I have no idea why it used to work, but broke on upgrade)


You can achive that using xmodmap. Please find the documentation here or ArchWiki https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xmodmap

Be careful though, sometimes a few portion is only Arch related.

Alternatively you can use two different shortcuts CAPS+ and CTRL+ to execute same commands in Menu > Keyboard > Shortcuts


Conky Widgets are Opening in their Own Windows

Nevermind, figured it out. The following lines need to be present in the conkyrc file for the particular theme/widget/skin:

own_window_class conky
own_window yes
own_window_type desktop

EDIT:

Actually this only works for some skins. For Seamod, for example, I can only get it to appear in a second window or if it appears on the desktop, it disappears if I click on the desktop

EDIT2:

I think I figured out, there was a typo in the conkyrc.

own_window_hints undecorated,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager,below

It said "undecorate" instead of "undecorated"


How to install Skype version 4 in Kubuntu 12.04?

From Here:

You need to add an additional repository:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ $(lsb_release -sc) partner"

And then you should be able to add it from apt:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install skype


builddeps:gawk : Depends: libreadline-dev

software-properties-gtk

Change download source to main server. sudo apt update && sudo apt-get clean and try again.

Forgot, and unlock for other sources deb-src


"disk drive for /mnt/ab37b9d4/9510-4480-aa84-d5f598aa1d92 is not ready yet or not present"

You probably get this message because you disconnected that disc while it is still mounted when the system is booting.

This could work for you:

During boot write down the UUID of the drive and press S to skip mounting the drive.
Open the terminal window and type:
sudo gedit /etc/fstab

Locate the entry with the UUID you wrote down and put a dash (#) before that line to disable it. The file will look something like this and I highlighted the line that I disabled: (In this case the UUID is 15DB122A7DAE9399)

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>

proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
#Entry for /dev/sda1 :
UUID=31b7ed42-80c5-4d3e-ab89-fd5fb6cbc7df /..........
#Entry for /dev/sdc5 :
#UUID=15DB122A7DAE9399 /......... #This line
#Entry for /dev/sda5 :
UUID=db6830a1-c2f8-4f7a-b04b-3b3662c2455d none swap sw 0 0

Source:

Ubuntuforums.org


Acer Aspire 4710: Additional Drivers in Kubuntu 13.04

'Additional Drivers' installs the wrong driver for the 4311 device. Please get a temporary ethernet connection, open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree
sudo modprobe -r wl
sudo modprobe b43

Any improvement? It may take a reboot.


I have a laptop I use at client sites for issues like this.  I run wireshark to see what's on the network, and what traffic the device generates.

Ideally, you have just the host with wireshark and the device you are trying to manage, connected via ethernet to a switch, and nothing else connected.  With the host powered up, and the device powered down, launch wireshark and begin a capture session on the ethernet.  Power up the device and you will see what the device is using to communicate on the wire.

you may need a cross-over cable if you have the device connected via ethernet directly to your computer's ethernet port.

Good luck!


How to find the number of bytes dropped on an interface?

Simple answer: You can't.

Technical answer:

  Packets can be of different sizes, so there's no single
  mapping from "number of packets" to "number of bytes".

/proc/net/dev and all commands read from that file (e.g. ifconfig) only give the number of dropped packets, not the number of bytes.

Source: this answer regarding C# implementation on Stack Overflow by Jon Skeet


What is the proper way to install the 3.4 kernel?

How to install Linux Kernel 3.5 in Ubuntu 12.04. WARNING This isn't worth doing unless you're having problems with the old kernel or you're adding new hardware which is unsupported in old Kernel 3.2, such as nVidia Kepler (600 series) or AMD HD 7000 series Graphics cards.

Improvements in Kernel 3.4:

Reduced Power Usage
Speed improvements for BTRFS file systems
More wireless network drivers from Ralink and Broadcom added
Support for nVidia Kepler chipsets (600 series)
Support for AMD Southern Islands GPUs (HD 7000 series)
Support for AMD Trinity Processors

Ubuntu Kernel Website: http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/

Look for the latest Kernel:

Download linux-headers-3.4.x-xxx-all.deb, plus the headers and image for your system architecture.

e.g. linux-headers-3.4.x-xxx-i386.deb, and linux-image-3.4.x-xxx-generic-i386.deb for 32bit systems.

Open Terminal
cd ~/Downloads
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

Reboot

Check the new kernel is running with either System Monitor or "uname -r"

If you have any problems with the new kernel reboot and select "Previous Versions" on the Grub Menu (hold down Shift key if Grub doesn't show by default)

Remove auto updating old Kernel:

In Synaptic remove: linux-generic, linux-headers-generic, linux-image-generic
You can also remove any older kernels to free up some harddrive space.

I found this info here

Hope it helps, but read this too here


I have found that using:

fdisk /dev/sdX

(where X is the identifier of the USB device in question - make SURE this is correct!) and deleting the partition table:

p - to print (display) the partition table
d - to delete (gives choice of partition if more than one)
w - to write the changes

...seems to work on rebooting.  If that doesn't work, zero-filling the USB stick then re-imaging it (and possibly deleting the partition table as per the above) might work.

To do this:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX

BE WARNED that chosing the wrong device as X will destroy the data on it.


All third-party repositories failing to update (Launchpad and Google, especially)

Any launchpad alternatives like there are for changing official update servers as posted above?

No, PPAs are hosted only on launchpad.net and are not mirrored. I usually find launchpad.net to be slower than any local mirror for the official repositories.


How to stop Xubuntu from falling asleep on lid close

Start System Settings
Go to Hardware Section
Open Power Manager
On General tab
There is a settings called When laptop lid is closed . Change it to do Switch off display


Why does Ubuntu 14.04 not recognize NVIDIA GeForce 310M hardware?

First, the command you use for parsing video cards in this case:

lspci | grep VGA

Is not a reliable way to do this.

Reason is that for some video cards, they're not listed as a "[0300] VGA compatible controller", they could be a "[0380] Display controller", or a "[0302] 3D controller", a more reliable way to do this is:

lspci -nn | grep '\[03'

Secondly, if you could confirm the nVidia graphic card was not listed in lspci output, I would suggest you to check your dmesg output, to see whether it could be detected on boot.

Or check your BIOS setting, some system allow users to select what video controller they want.

If it's not detected at all, it could be a kernel issue (as you said it's working on 13.xx), please open a bug with "ubuntu-bug linux" in your terminal.


Is there an IDE for Ubuntu that combines Python, Gtk and Glade in one unique program?

You're probably looking for Anjuta. It's an IDE with Glade built in.


appstreamcli hanging with 100% CPU usage during update

This is caused by a bug https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/appstream/+bug/1579712
The working solution (just tried myself):

First kill appstreamcli, either manually or with

sudo kill -KILL $(pgrep appstreamcli)

or

sudo pkill -KILL appstreamcli

Then:

wget -P /tmp https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/appstream_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/libappstream3_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i /tmp/appstream_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb /tmp/libappstream3_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

After this you will be able to proceed with apt-get update as usual


Keyboard backlight set on maximum after screen is switched back on

As described here in the file /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.UPower.conf I changed <allow> to <deny> and it worked.

<allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.UPower"
   send_interface="org.freedesktop.UPower.KbdBacklight"/>


What can be skipped during installation?

The updates , third party software such as mp3 encoding...Logging in with a ubuntu account
I think that's all.

You can get the updates from update manager , then install restricted extras from the software center for multimedia codes and stuff. and you can log in with a ubuntu account on the software center if you want


Ubuntu 15.04 doesn't shutdown properly on MacBook Pro 5,3

Downloaded drivers from Mactel support, now able to boot in EFI mode and shutdown works properly.


Why create a Desktop Environment from scratch if there are so many free ones available?

Pick one that you like, grab its sources, and modify it to your tastes. No need to reinvent the wheel. Besides, a DE is not a 1-man job... It takes years, and hundreds (thousands?) of developers.

Studying an existent DE is the best way to learn how to build your own, if you really want to. If you like working with QT, then KDE might be a good starting point.

Last but not least, Cinnamon and MATE are 2 new DEs, and both need developers as motivated as you. Why not join forces instead?


How to recover from accidentally removing the sudo group

This link helped me, then adding the sudo group with sudo addgroup sudo and adding my user to group with sudo adduser -aG username sudo worked.

  Reboot the computer. If Ubuntu is your primary and the only operating system in your computer, press the Shift button
  when it is booting up. This should make the GRUB screen show up on
  your monitor. On the GRUB screen, press the down keyboard key to the
  Recovery mode and press Enter.

  Ubuntu GRUB
  screen
  On the next screen, select Check all file system (will exit read only mode).

  When you see the message Finished, press Enter, press Enter.
  Next, select Drop to root shell prompt.

  You will now be at the command line. Type:

usermod -a -G admin username

  Replace the username with your own login user name.
  That’s it. Now type exit and select Resume normal boot.