Ubuntu sees only one of two nvme drives that are visible to Bios and Windows 10: PCI problem

I managed to solve the problem by adding the kernel parameter
pci=assign-busses
Now we dmesg shows:
$ sudo dmesg |grep 0c:00
[    0.645602] pci 0000:0c:00.0: [8086:f1a8] type 00 class 0x010802
[    0.645831] pci 0000:0c:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0xdc200000-0xdc203fff 64bit]
[    2.012831] pci 0000:0c:00.0: Adding to iommu group 22
[    2.435258] nvme nvme1: pci function 0000:0c:00.0

and nvme list shows
$ sudo nvme list
Node             SN                   Model                                    Namespace Usage                      Format           FW Rev
---------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------- -------------------------- ---------------- --------
/dev/nvme0n1     2K482919EDEF         ADATA SX8100NP                           1           2.05  TB /   2.05  TB    512   B +  0 B   VB421D57
/dev/nvme1n1     PHNH920600M92P0C     INTEL SSDPEKNW020T8                      1           2.05  TB /   2.05  TB    512   B +  0 B   004C

Other messages in dmesg during the problem contained "busn ... hidden behind bridge..." I sought out a parameter that would remap the PCI devices ignoring the firmware.
From the documentation:
"The `pci=assign-busses' Argument
This tells the kernel to always assign all PCI bus numbers, overriding whatever the firmware may have done."

This does the trick no only for Ubuntu Bionic and Focal but for all linux distros that I tried: OpenSuse Tumbleweed, Debian, and Manjaro. Hopefully someone else will find this helpful.


Looks like boot process gets stuck on something. Contents of /var/log/boot.log might help. File  can be viewed only with sudo privileges.


If your graphics card is supported you may wish to consider AMDGPU-PRO. You can find the latest 16.60 version of the driver here [link] (http://support.amd.com/en-us/kb-articles/Pages/AMDGPU-PRO-Driver-for-Linux-Release-Notes.aspx)


Editor navigation via ctrl+arrow does not work after tweak tool 'show location of pointer' was on

a fresh install did the job... i am very new to ubuntu, but very interested in the possibilities. gnome tweak tool is nothing for me, changes too much too deep from my perspective. what i wanted it to do in the first place was show the location of the pointer, of course the preset shortcuts i got used to where then messed up as well (left ctrl).


just disable secure boot from BIOS
Entering the UEFI setup
Dell BIOS screen showing special key options
Notice the key guide in the top-right corner.
Immediately after powering up your PC, as soon as the manufacturer logo (e.g. Dell, Lenovo, HP, Toshiba, Samsung, ASUS, Acer, Gateway, etc.) shows up on your BIOS splash screen, you will have the option of pressing a special key. This key changes from PC to PC, it all depends on your PC’s make and model.
Typically, you will see a brief note at the bottom or top of the screen indicating what the key is. One such screen is visible to the right, note the legend in the top-right corner indicating F2 will start the BIOS setup and F12 will present the boot selection menu.
Some common options include the F2, F8, F12, and Del keys. However, it could be any of the one hundred other keys on your keyboard.
Switching off Secure Boot
Once inside the UEFI setup and configuration section, you’ll be presented with a number of options and parameters that can be configured for the firmware environment. You’re looking for an option often called “Secure Boot” which can be set between “Enabled” or “Disabled”.
Depending on the motherboard’s BIOS/EFI firmware, the Secure Boot option will be found on the “Boot”, “Security”, or “Authentication” page. It must be set to “Disabled” or “Off” to allow you to boot from external media correctly.

Saving Settings and Exiting
In order for the changes to the Secure Boot configuration to take effect, the BIOS/EFI/UEFI configuration options must be saved. The common keyboard shortcut to save and exit is F10.
After correctly giving priority to the CD/DVD over the local hard disk, you will need to save changes and exit. Again, the exact steps depend on your PCs make and model, but generally navigating with the ← and → arrow keys will let you reach the options of “discard changes and exit” vs “save changes and exit,” amongst others. It’s important that you choose the “save changes and exit” option! The keyboard shortcut F10 is often synonymous with “save and exit” but you should make sure before using it.


yeah your getting that error because your formatting an extended partition, and you need a primary partition with SATA. If you were setting up an IDE slave device this would work, but you need a partition table with SATA. Extended partitions don't work that way.
So, if you want to start over this should work out, its not too complicated but you definitely want to be sure which drive is which.

I'm guessing you just need one data partition on the spinner, and use the solid for the boot device, so run fdisk -l and be darn sure you know exactly which drive your going to format.

I am doing this procedure as I write this so I do not miss something, a mistake can, or rather will most likely ruin your system.

Run

fdisk -l

chose the drive your going to use. In my case I have a couple other drives, so I'm

using Sdc. I think your best to drop into root instead of just sudo, so run

sudo -s

Now your as root

Next we need to create a partition, so the new drive has a table so the system can

find it.

root@xxx #fdisk /dev/sdx

where x is your drive letter

This will pull up a GUI

fist we need to create a new partition:

Command (m for help): n

e   extended

p   primary partition (1-4)

We want a primary, so we use 'p'

p

This is the only partition on a clean disk

Partition number (1-4): 1

I just use the defaults for the start and end sector

Then write the new table and exit with the following

Command (m for help): w`

NOTE once in fdisk, if you realize you are in the wrong drive, or make a mistake just

enter 'q' which quits without writing any of the instructions you have chose. Until

you run 'w' nothing changes.

Now you need to format it as a ext.4

root@xxx# mkfs.ext4 -L disk2 /dev/sdx1

Any errors try unmounting the drive with umount

Now the partition is ready we need to make a place to put it, and add an entry to the

file that lists the drives when the system boots.

exit out of root

exit

sudo blkid

  dev/sda1: LABEL="boot" UUID="some hash" >TYPE="ext2" PARTUUID="string -01"

  /dev/sda5: UUID="some string like above" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="string - 02"

  /dev/sda6: LABEL="root" UUID="string" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="string"

  /dev/sdc1: LABEL="storage" UUID="0BED64E911A2FAD2" TYPE="ext4" >PARTUUID="c07Aab2a-01"

We find the drive and partition just wrote, and copy the UUID='string value' and TYPE='ext4', so above example sdc1 is our second hard drive. Copy'UUID="0BED64E911A2FAD2" TYPE="ext4""' Get rid of the quotes

name it something that makes sense in your world`

sudo mkdir /data0

Use whatever editor you know how to use, if that means none:

sudo nano /etc/fstab

use the down arrow key, to scroll to the bottom, and by a new last entry by pasting your clipboard contents. Now use the back arrow, till the cursor is just right of the TYPE= and backspace to erase 'TYPE=', next use the left arrow key to get a couple spaces right from the end of the UUID string. Add the (whatever you named it from mkdir). There should be comments which explain the proper formatting fstab uses, and a few entries, if not you better check that you spelled /etc/fstab correctly. Anyway it should look like this

  UUID=some string /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1

  /swapfile                              none    swap   sw         0       0

  UID=0BED64E911A2FAD2 /data0       ext4        defaults      0       2

then press

ctrl + o

when asked are you sure, type "y" then press return twice, and then exit with

ctrl + x

Finally finish with

sudo mount -a

Now your drive will show up. When you reboot it will automatically mount on boot.

You do not want to use this to mount removable drives, only use fixed hardware, and
only use this method for SATA.
Sorry about my grammar, I barely speak English and hope this can be understood. I also need to be clear this is only for adding a second drive to be used as storage, if you are trying to replace a failed boot drive in which case your probably in read only state there is separate procedure which is outside the scope of the question.


How to fix apt after doing easy_install pip?

What you have to do:
Reinstall the python-pip package with apt and afterwards upgrade your pip to the latest version with pip itself or easy_install if it is broken.

sudo apt-get install python-pip
sudo pip install --upgrade pip || sudo easy_install --upgrade pip

Why you should do that:
apt only installs packages it finds in your installed repositories, but the python packages in the official repositories are incredibly outdated! However, some packages you might install in the future may list python-pip as dependency and and require that package to be installed. They won't recognize it if you installed it without apt. Also, the man command does not work for pip then as only apt creates a manpage for it, easy_install does not.

easy_install and pip however don't fetch their packages from any repository, but from PyPI (Python Package Index), which always holds the latest available versions.

So my suggestion is to use pip instead of apt to update python packages if you want current versions. easy_install is the ancestor of pip and should usually be avoided and replaced by pip, but as long as it's broken, you have to use it. You could also do a sudo pip install --upgrade pip to get the latest pip version without easy_install.

If you don't have the pip package installed by apt, then just do it additionally. I did not remove python-pip with apt before upgrading it with pip or easy_install and it also works. As apt installs the old pip version in /usr/bin and pip/easy_install use the directory /usr/local/bin, which has the higher priority, a plain call to pip without giving an explicit directory always runs the newer version, if more than one is installed.


I suppose you are talking about your root (/) partition.
 If there are not large packages(programms) to uninstall, open Synaptic or install it in terminal if you don't have it,

sudo apt-get install synaptic

then write linux in the shearch field, press once the "S" symbol in the first column so the installed packages come first in the list, find the 4-packages groups for the kernel versions and mark for removal all accept the two (4-packages groups) with the newest versions.
 Be very careful, this can destroy your system if you do it wrong! My image doesn't help much, because it is from a just-new install, if it had several kernel-updates you would see multiple 4-package groups with different version-numbers. If you also have only one or two 4-package groups, do not follow my instructions.

You could also try to extend "/" partition (if it is not on a 16GB SSD), or install a lighter Linux OS.


Trying to uninstall vmware packages but get 'unmet dependencies' error

Your problem comes dual. First, you have /boot full of scrub. You need to scrub it! Run dpkg -l 'linux*' and remove the old non-used kernels. That will solve the sudo apt-get -f install problem. The next one you need to remove all the packages in one swoop:

sudo apt-get remove linux-image-server linux-server linux-image-3.2.0-48-virtual linux-image-3.2.0-51-generic linux-image-3.2.0-51-virtual  linux-image-3.2.0-52-generic linux-image-3.2.0-52-virtual linux-image-3.2.0-53-generic linux-image-3.2.0-53-virtual linux-image-3.2.0-56-generic linux-image-3.2.0-56-virtual
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get autoremove  vmware-tools-esx-nox vmware-tools-services vmware-tools-plugins-* vmware-tools-core
sudo apt-get install linux-server linux-headers-server

That should solve your problem


Try the default lock screen (screen lock) key combination on Ubuntu 18.04 and Fedora 28 first:

Super+L (that is Windows+L)
If that did not work then check whether the following command returns true:

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.lockdown disable-lock-screen

If the command above returned true then do the following:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.lockdown disable-lock-screen false

Check whether the lock screen (screen lock) works now.

Had a similar problem and the link below helped me solve my issue: https://ask.fedoraproject.org/en/question/122030/screen-lock-is-locked-down-not-locking/


Non-executable (NX) memory warning on an HP Proliant DL380 G5

You can press F9 while booting to enter the ROM-Based Setup Utiltiy.

From System Options >> Processor Options choose "No-Execute Memory Protection".
If it is „Disabled”, set it to „Enabled”.

Excerpt from the manual:

  No-Execute Memory Protection enables the hardware portion of a feature
  that protects systems against malicious code and viruses. When used in
  combination with an OS that supports this feature, certain memory is
  marked as not for executable code. Viruses that attempt to insert and
  execute code from non-executable memory locations are intercepted and
  an exception is raised.

  Options include:

  Enabled (default)
  Disabled

  NOTE: When using virtualization operating systems such as VMware ESX/ESXi and Windows Hyper-V, be sure to enable this option.

Information source:

Manual
HP ProLiant Servers - Updating the Server Firmware ROM Page


Unsupported scheme (protocol) - uGet error

"blob" is not a protocol. It is a pseudo protocol and not one that is supported by uget. Please alter the URL to a valid one to download files (like http, https, ftp)
If you know the website, open it, press F12, Network and you can search for your file. The corresponding source code will show an actual URL to the file you want.


How to replace Ubuntu host with Windows 7 installed in a virtual machine?

Because Windows is in VirtualBox, you can't remove the Ubuntu operating system, as it's the host OS for the guest VirtualBox OS.

You'd have to install Windows to the hard drive, wiping the system totally in the process, in order to use Windows 7 as your primary OS.  IF you've already used your activation key, Microsoft might have a problem with it.


1997 IBM colossus. Asus IX Hero, Core i7-7700K build management questions

Stick with the latest Ubuntu Long Term Support (LTS) release 16.04 at least until you are sure that you have completely finished replacing and testing your computer's hardware. You need a stable release with a long period of support to test your hardware changes with.

To monitor the temperature try Psensor from this answer: How do I get the CPU temperature?. Budget graphics cards are so cheap that you ought to consider a cheap graphics card hardware upgrade and restore the overclocked 4.3 GHz settings in the BIOS back down to the default settings.

If you still want to overclock after you get the rest of the issues settled, comment about what your graphics card is or isn't and I will add information about how to do it using software from the default Ubuntu repositories.


Format your USB stick, and make bootable usb again using UNetbootin: http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/

Try download ISO again (64 - make sure your machine support it)


Can Ubuntu fully utilize 64 processors and 64Gb RAM in an HPC (cluster): SGI Altix 3000?

The SGI Altix 3000 runs on IA64 processors. To cite an answer on ServerFault:

  Debian is still kicking out ia64 releases. If you're comfortable with Ubuntu, you'll find Debian quite familiar. With some apt repository tweaking, you'll be able to get similar package versions as well.

I don't see why it wouldn't be able to make use of all the processors and RAM. The Linux kernel easily runs on 256 CPU cores¹ and 1 TiB of memory² without changes to the source code. The default configuration may need a few configuration tweaks though, since it's geared towards AMD64-based workstations.

¹ The configuration allows up to 4096 CPU cores.

² Assuming 64 bits of address length. On IA64 it supports up to 2 TiB.


Compare source code files, ignoring formatting differences (like whitespace, linebreaks, ...)

You can use dwdiff. From man dwdiff:

  dwdiff - a delimited word diff program

Program is very clever - see dwdiff --help:

$ dwdiff --help
Usage: dwdiff [OPTIONS] <OLD FILE> <NEW FILE>
-h, --help                             Print this help message
-v, --version                          Print version and copyright information
-d <delim>, --delimiters=<delim>       Specify delimiters
-P, --punctuation                      Use punctuation characters as delimiters
-W <ws>, --white-space=<ws>            Specify whitespace characters
-u, --diff-input                       Read the input as the output from diff
-S[<marker>], --paragraph-separator[=<marker>]  Show inserted or deleted blocks
                               of empty lines, optionally overriding the marker
-1, --no-deleted                       Do not print deleted words
-2, --no-inserted                      Do not print inserted words
-3, --no-common                        Do not print common words
-L[<width>], --line-numbers[<width>]   Prepend line numbers
-C<num>, --context=<num>               Show <num> lines of context
-s, --statistics                       Print statistics when done
--wdiff-output                         Produce wdiff compatible output
-i, --ignore-case                      Ignore differences in case
-I, --ignore-formatting                Ignore formatting differences
-m <num>, --match-context=<num>        Use <num> words of context for matching
--aggregate-changes                    Allow close changes to aggregate
-A <alg>, --algorithm=<alg>            Choose algorithm: best, normal, fast
-c[<spec>], --color[=<spec>]           Color mode
-l, --less-mode                        As -p but also overstrike whitespace
-p, --printer                          Use overstriking and bold text
-w <string>, --start-delete=<string>   String to mark begin of deleted text
-x <string>, --stop-delete=<string>    String to mark end of deleted text
-y <string>, --start-insert=<string>   String to mark begin of inserted text
-z <string>, --stop-insert=<string>    String to mark end of inserted text
-R, --repeat-markers                   Repeat markers at newlines
--profile=<name>                       Use profile <name>
--no-profile                           Disable profile reading

Test it with:

cat << EOF > test_diff1.txt
    else if (prop == "P1") { return 0; }
EOF

cat << EOF > test_diff2.txt
    else if (prop == "P1") {
        return 0;
    }
EOF

Then launch comparison:

$ dwdiff test_diff1.txt test_diff2.txt --statistics
    else if (prop == "P1") {
        return 0;
    }
old: 9 words  9 100% common  0 0% deleted  0 0% changed
new: 9 words  9 100% common  0 0% inserted  0 0% changed

Please note 100% common above.


Launchpad fails to build a package for my PPA

You are likely missing link dependencies.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ToolChain/CompilerFlags#A-Wl.2C--as-needed

Try setting linker flag --no-as-needed for your compilation. How to achieve this, is left as an exercise to the reader


Installing virtual machine with KVM failed on "Load installer components from CD"

The main problem is that the virtual disk you have created is not formatted, it is just a raw disk without a partition table. Another issue is that you selected the format qcow2 and created an .img file. You have to execute this command : qemu-img create -f qcow2 ubuntu.qcow2 20G.

Download the latest stable version of GParted Live | Direct download link -> GParted 0.26.1-1

Insert the ISO file and the virtual disk, boot from the GParted ISO file, create a new partition table, new partitions and and format them. Here is a presentation on how to prepare a disk.
This is an advanced advice, creating the partition table and format it with ext4 is sufficient.

kvm -hda ubuntu.qcow2 -cdrom gparted-live-0.26.1-1-amd64.iso -boot d -enable-kvm

After the operation is finished close (poweroff) GParted Live to shutdown the virtual machine. Now insert the Ubuntu Server 14.04 installation media and start the installation of the system.

kvm -hda ubuntu.qcow2 -cdrom ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64.iso -boot d -enable-kvm

Note : These are the basic commands - choose the paths where the files are located and add additional boot options that fit your needs, for instance the amount of memory (-m 8192).


Search for duplicate prefix of file names

Iterate all the get.txt files and check if the corresponding resp.txt files exist.

for file in *.get.txt; do
    [[ -e ${file%.get.txt}.resp.txt ]] || echo "$file is missing resp";
done

${file%.get.txt} is the same as $file except, .get.txt is removed from the end (if it has that string at the end).


Personally I always use a website such as CompressPDF or Neevia Document Converter for all of it, it is easy to use, takes a few seconds and knowing anything about PDF is completely optional.


How to Copy special file (steam.pipe) in Ubuntu?

As muru says, you shouldn't have to back up steam.pipe. Steam should be able to re-create it if it is missing. However, when backing up your ~/.steam folder, you should check if you also have a ~/.local/share/Steam folder. If so, you'll probably want to back it up too. It usually contains most of the files associated with a Steam installation, including your installed Steam games.

I have written the rest of this answer in case:

You want to know why you had trouble copying it with Nautilus and cp.
You want to know how to copy files like steam.pipe, in case you do ever need to do so.

The executive summary is that you should use rsync for your backups. See below for details, explanation, and alterantives.

Why steam.pipe Is Special

steam.pipe is a FIFO, a.k.a. a named pipe:

ek@Io:~/.steam$ ls -l steam.pipe
prw------- 1 ek ek 0 Mar  7 20:12 steam.pipe
ek@Io:~/.steam$ file steam.pipe
steam.pipe: fifo (named pipe)

FIFOs are not a regular files, but instead are special filesystem entries that one may interact with as though they are files. Writing to the FIFO stores data in memory, where it remains until the FIFO is read from. Reading from a FIFO obtains data in the order they were written (so it is First In, First Out).

Why You Had Trouble Copying It

There are actually two distinct behaviors that one might want, when attempting to copy a FIFO. Which one you want depends on the situation.

You might want to duplicate the FIFO, i.e., make another FIFO. (In this context, that's what you want.)
You might want to read data from the FIFO, i.e., copy its contents. (This might not seem like "copying," but remember, this is analogous to what happens when you copy a file--the file is opened, its data are read, and the same data are written to a new file.)

You tried two programs:

Nautilus automatically detects special entries such as FIFOs, refuses to copy from them, and warns you that it has done so.
cp reads data from the FIFO, rather than making a copy of the FIFO itself. If there are no data in the FIFO, cp stalls until some process writes to it.

Making Copies of Special Files (like FIFOs)

To duplicate a FIFO, you can use rsync with the --specials flag:

ek@Io:~$ cd steam-backup
ek@Io:~/steam-backup$ rsync --specials ~/.steam/steam.pipe .
ek@Io:~/steam-backup$ ls -l steam.pipe
prw------- 1 ek ek 0 Apr 22 11:43 steam.pipe

That's if you want to copy it separately. To copy a whole folder for archival purposes--that is, where you want most things to be the way they were before, so it works properly when restored--you can use rsync -a:

rsync -a .steam/ steam-backup

For more information about rsync, see "rsync" in the Ubuntu help wiki, the upstream rsync website, and man rsync (which explains specifically what the -a flag does).

cp is well suited for simple use cases, but I suggest rsync for making backups.

Specials Can Be Archived, Too

Another way to back up a folder is to make an archive of it with tar, and that will also automatically preserve FIFOs (i.e., they will be recreated on extraction):

ek@Io:~$ tar cvJf steam-backup.tar .steam
.steam/
.steam/registry.vdf
.steam/sdk32
.steam/bin64
.steam/root
.steam/steam_install_agreement.txt
.steam/steam
.steam/steam.pipe
.steam/steam.pid
.steam/bin
.steam/sdk64
.steam/bin32

Re-making the FIFO Manually

If you were missing a FIFO (either in a backup, or in general) and need to restore it, you can just create a new one with mkfifo.

You'll want to create it with the correct permissions. Running ls -l on steam.pipe shows a permissions mask of prw-------. p just means it's a named pipe (FIFO). The rest means it's readable and writable by its owner and has no other permissions (see FilePermissions for details). The octal permissions mask is thus 600 (or 0600), so you'll want to pass -m 600 to mkfifo:

ek@Io:~/steam-backup$ mkfifo -m 600 steam.pipe
ek@Io:~/steam-backup$ ls -l steam.pipe
prw------- 1 ek ek 0 Apr 22 12:09 steam.pipe

Duplicating a FIFO Doesn't Duplicate Its "Contents"

This is not a problem for backups, but you should know that duplicating a FIFO (for example, with rsync) just makes a new FIFO like it. If there are data in the FIFO ready to be read, the data will not be available in the new FIFO.

The reason this is not a problem for backups is that FIFOs are not for long-term storage. They're not really even for storage at all. Data in a FIFO are not written to disk, and when a process writes to a FIFO, the write is not even reported to the process as successful until the data have been read. (Similarly, if a process reads from a FIFO with no data in it, the read will stall until data are written.)

You can see this in action, and also get a better sense of how FIFOs work, by making one of your own and experimenting with it. You can create a new FIFO foo with default permissions with mkfifo foo, and redirect text to it with a command like echo 'Hello, world!' > foo. This will stall, as nothing has read the text yet. Then, in another terminal (e.g., another Terminal tab) read the text with cat foo and see what happens in each terminal.


Install ntfs-3g with sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g.
Then run the ntfsfix command on your NTFS partition.

  ntfsfix v2.0.0 (libntfs 10:0:0)

  Usage: ntfsfix [options] device

Attempt to fix an NTFS partition.

-h, --help             Display this help
-V, --version          Display version information

  For example: ntfsfix /dev/hda6

  Developers' email address:
  linux-ntfs-dev@lists.sf.net Linux NTFS
  homepage: http://www.linux-ntfs.org

=======================================

You can use a program called ntfsprogs.  If its not installed, you can install it by, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo apt-get install ntfsprogs

Once installed, you need to find out you NTFS drive name, just do sudo fdisk -l, to find that out, once you know the name, then

sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdXX

Make sure that you replace the XX with your drive's name.

Note: Whenever you're dealing with partition, make sure that you have a complete backup just to be on the safe side.

===================================

sudo apt-get install testdisk

Then run it:

sudo testdisk

and follow the instructions. You must search for partitions and then write the changes.

Also thanks to answerers here:

Fix corrupt NTFS partition without Windows
Repair NTFS without Windows?

When you can mount it you can also try:

sudo dd conv=sync,noerror bs=8k if=/dev/sda6 of=/home/backup-file

Then you can copy backup-file to external drive and later use it to get your saved data.

When later you want do that you would need to mount it, so run:

sudo losetup /dev/loop1 /home/backup-file

sudo mount /dev/loop1 /mnt/backup


I remember having had a similar problem connecting my Wi-Fi printer. After a whole day of fumbling around, I discovered the type of security for Wi-Fi in my router was obsolete. I chose "WPA2-PSK/AES" and it worked for me.


You can use stty in a subshell and change the setting for ctrl-c to whatever. In my example I changed it to x. After the subshell is ended or interrupted by x the setting will be restored to ^c (ctrl-c).

user@host:~# (stty intr x && arecord -D plughw:0,0 -f cd -t wav -d 0 -q -r 16000 > file); stty intr ^c

Even if you kill the process via killall acroread the setting will be restored.


Why doesn't Ubuntu One sync sub-folders?

U1 has trouble with subfolders. They're usually created on the server but files aren't uploaded for some reason. Once the client is restarted (u1sdtool -d && u1sdtool -q && u1sdtool -c) or the session/computer is restarted, upload is resumed correctly and files in subfolders are taken into account. This is an old bug, I am always very careful when uploading before deleting my local copy because of this. Very annoying.


"configure: error: C++ preprocessor "/lib/cpp" fails sanity check"

You should try

sudo apt-get install gcc build-essential

Then

./configure && make

The problem is you don't have compiler so configure script does not generate the Makefile properly.


How to run multiple other bash commands in a line after the first failed

You can either use a subshell, as you show in your answer:

which which1 || ( echo "failed"; echo "exit 1" )

or group the commands without starting a separate subshell:

which which1 || { echo "failed"; echo "exit 1"; }

Note: for more details on { } vs ( ), see the "Compound Commands" and "COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT" sections of man bash.

Or, you can do something like this which lets you build more complex handlers:

#!/bin/bash

which "$1"

if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
  echo "Failed: Exited with $?"
  exit 1
else
  echo "Worked!"
fi

You could also write this as a function:

#!/bin/bash
runme(){
  "$@"
  if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
    echo "Failed: Exited with $?"
    exit 1
  else
    echo "Worked!"
  fi
}

runme which which1

Or, more simply if you don't need the exit status to be shown:

#!/bin/bash
runme(){
  if "$@"; then
    echo "Worked"
  else
    echo "Failed!"
    exit 1
  fi
}

runme which which


Monitor displays signal out of range until the graphical interface is loaded after installing

After uncommenting "GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480" in "/etc/default/grub" and saving file you should run "sudo update-grub", worked fine for me.


Cannot copy, would hang every time I do Ctrl+C

I've seen this a couple of times when Matlab or Octave are installed on Ubuntu.

Check if the Ctrl+C hotkey combination has been assigned to do another task.

Go to:

System -> Preferences -> Keyboard Shortcuts

Then scroll through the list and check if there's anything with Ctrl+C


Linux not mounting a split partition with dual boot

Maybe it has something to do with the fast startup setting in Windows 10. It's enabled by default and is a hybrid shutdown.

Control panel - power options - choose what the power buttons do.
Uncheck the "Turn on fast startup".

Now shutdown Windows 10 and boot Linux again.


Accessing system's terminal from bootable usb kubuntu

I would suggest that it may be easier if you can get to the command line from a normal boot just to add the package since you know what is missing.  Just boot and run:
sudo apt install <package name>

If you get to the login screen and cannot get to a GUI just use CTRL+ALT+F1 to get a tty and you should be able to run your commands there.


I suggest that you re-enable the wireless with the terminal command:

sudo ip link set wlo1 up

You should be all set.


How do I autorestart an exited process with exit status 0 in supervisord?

When working out the same problem I created a simple launcher script that returned 1. I called then the launcher script instead of directly calling the original script.
That was enough to trick supervisord. I assume there is a cleaner way, but couldn't find it in the docs.

#!/bin/bash
/path/to/your/script
exit 1


Solved! Don't use sudo! Change gsettings for your own user, not for the root user.

Without sudo, type:

gsettings set org.gnome.Vino require-encryption false

(In the question, ran that command as root by prefixing it with sudo.)


Squid is a opensource tool which work as a proxy for clients. You need to install it on your server and you need to configure some recommended settings to make it start and working.

Please refer Squid configuration for sample configuration and make it working. It is very simple to set and make it working.

There are some basic configuration parameters which you need to set like your source network. To use squid for your any specific requirement you can use 'acl' (squid configuration parameter) which will allow you to set rules for any specific requirement.

One more Ref: Squid installation and configuration


Problem with USB device (UPEK Fingerprint reader)

Perhaps this article or a similar google search would help with your situation:

How do you edit the Blacklist.conf file?


will installing Xubuntu on C drive erase all other partition drives?

This will depend on your configuration:

If you intend to use "Install alongside Windows"

Then you shouldn't have any issues.

If you intend to use "Erase disk and install Ubuntu"

If D:\ and E:\ are on the same physical disk (ie. they're just different partitions) then they will get nuked along with C:\.
If D:\ and E:\ are seperate disks, they will remain intact

Note on Linux partitioning:

Linux does not access drives with letters like Windows does. Instead, each disk/partition is given a block device. Let's say you have two disks: disk A has two partitions, X:\ and Y:\, and disk B only has one partition, Z:\

Here's how the drives would show up in Linux:

/dev/sda        #This is disk A
    /dev/sda1   #This is the 1st partition on disk A,  X:\
    /dev/sda2   #This is the 2nd partition on disk A,  Y:\

/dev/sdb        #This is disk B
    /dev/sdb1   #This is the only partition disk B,    Z:\


remove the preceding "file://" when pasting in gnome terminal

What gnome-terminal does

From reading through Gtk documentation, it appears that there are 2 ways a program can treat contents of clipboard - plain text and list of URIs to file. For whatever reason, gnome-terminal decided that it will be good idea to differentiate between two, and therefore  it when you copy a file from Nautilus to gnome-terminal,  the terminal retrieves the URI list, while other programs - only plain text.

Automatic editing of clipboard would be slightly troublesome ( although I'm still pursuing the idea) - we'd need to define a way of detecting where you're trying to paste the clipboard contents, and running persistent script that edits script into plain text ( effectively deleting the URIs ) will prevent you from copying files from one Nautilus window to another.

Dragging-and-dropping is probably the simplest solution. But since a scripting approach has been requested,I came up with idea for two  manual approaches. One relies on the Nautilus' built in feature of adding scripts to your right-click menu. The other on entering a specific shortcut before pasting into gnome-terminal.

Manual script approach, version 1

This script is to be placed into ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts folder and made executable via chmod +x ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/scriptname.sh or via right clicking on file  and editing Permissions tab in properties. Effectively, it allows you to copy path to selected files as quoted strings and with file:// portion removed.

To use it, select file or files in Nautilus, and right click them. Select Scripts menu -> your_script_name.py.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from gi.repository import Gtk, Gdk
import sys
import os
import time
import subprocess
import signal
import urllib.parse
import threading

def autoquit(*args):
    subprocess.call(['zenity','--info'])
    time.sleep(1)
    Gtk.main_quit()

def main():

    uris = os.getenv("NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS")
    new_text = " ".join([ "'" + urllib.parse.unquote(i).replace('file://','') + "'"
                          for i in uris.split()])

    clip = Gtk.Clipboard.get(Gdk.SELECTION_CLIPBOARD)
    if clip.set_text(new_text,-1):
        thread = threading.Thread(target=autoquit)
        thread.start()
    Gtk.main()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        main()
    except Exception as e:
        subprocess.call(['zenity','--info','--text',str(e)])

Manual script approach, version 2

This approach relies on the idea of running the python script below right before you paste into gnome-terminal. You can call it from gnome-terminal manually as command , or bind this to a keyboard shortcut. Thus, with shortcut method, I would bind it to CtrlShiftB (because it's B and V are close on keyboard), and each time I need to paste from Nautilus, I'd hit CtrlShiftB to edit , then CtrlShiftV to paste

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from gi.repository import Gtk, Gdk
import subprocess
import urllib.parse
import signal
import sys

def unquote_uri(*args):
    uris = args[-2]
    new_text = " ".join([ "'" + str(urllib.parse.unquote(i).replace('file://','')) + "'"
                          for i in uris])
    print(new_text)
    args[-3].clear()
    args[-3].set_text(new_text,-1)
    Gtk.main_quit()

def main():
    cached = str()
    clip = Gtk.Clipboard.get(Gdk.SELECTION_CLIPBOARD)
    clip.request_uris(unquote_uri, None)
    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT,signal.SIG_DFL)
    Gtk.main()

if __name__ == '__main__': main()

Disclaimer: answer still under development; additional content/ideas may be added later


Find out which program requested authentication

All such requests are logged in /var/log/auth.log in a format that looks similar to (anything from polkitd in there should relate to these forms of authentication request):

Apr 23 17:45:09 tester-VirtualBox polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:c2 successfully authenticated as unix-user:tester to gain TEMPORARY authorization for action org.debian.apt.install-or-remove-packages for system-bus-name::1.89 [/usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/gnome-language-selector] (owned by unix-user:tester)

A failed attempt would look like this:

Apr 23 18:00:55 tester-VirtualBox polkitd(authority=local): Operator of unix-session:c2 FAILED to authenticate to gain authorization for action org.debian.apt.install-or-remove-packages for system-bus-name::1.91 [/usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/gnome-language-selector] (owned by unix-user:tester)

So if you wish to filter only accepted or only rejected ones then you would want to use either:

cat auth.log | grep "polkitd" | grep "FAILED to authenticate"
Or:
cat auth.log | grep "polkitd" | grep "successfully authenticated"

For more information on polkit see man polkit.


How to open new IM in Empathy (instead of having to clicking envelope)?

It isn't exactly what you want, but in Empathy there is an unfortunately-labelled box in preferences: “Display incoming events in the notification area.”

Make sure that isn't checked and new messages will open right away in the background.


Can I use the Samsung Official Sources to build Ubuntu Touch on Samsung Galaxy SII i9100?

Ubuntu touch bases on CyanogenMod 10.1 so you should use CM kernel for smdk4210 board that's i9100 built over. Also, don't forget to add Ubuntu Touch specific changes to you defconfig in /arch/arm/configs/cm_i9100_defconfig


What are these unknown unauthorised network connections?

You can also know what program is launching those connection using this command

sudo netstat -tup

It will give you something like this

Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State           PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 mypc:55541              db3msgr5011103.gat:msnp ESTABLISHED     4884/pidgin
tcp        0      0 mypc:59350              we-in-f16.1e100.n:imaps ESTABLISHED     2919/thunderbird

In this example you can see pidgin and Thunderbird open some connections.


Yes, some ftp servers can handle virtual users, ex. vsftpd and pureftpd.


Will erasing a parallel OS (using OS-uninstaller) free up the whole drive or do I need to adjust partitions? [Solved]

As per http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1615667 the space used by the NTFS partition where Win7 was, and any recovery partition as well, will not be automatically added to your Ubuntu partition, so you will need to do that after removal by booting from live media with Gparted, as suggested by Alvar above.


Installation without splashscreen / headless

Try this:

Ok, as quickly as you can after you know that you are about to get to the splash screen, press Enter, then Esc, then Enter. The timing here is critical as your video card is about to fail.
This will drop you into a Text Mode Interface. You will now see a prompt that says Boot:. Type this exactly into the Prompt:

/install/vmlinuz file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed initrd=/install/initrd.gz -- nomodeset

This will now boot you into the installer.

Good luck


How to enforce keyboard shortcuts in Ubuntu Gnome?

Yes, but not systematically: only in as far as you have control over what currently is using the shortcut. You have to disable the existing binding first. Most visible are the shortcut keys exposed in "Settings" - "Keyboard Shortcuts". Many other bindings are hidden in various configuration settings, accessible in dconf-editor. Applications running in the background also may enable global keybindings.
For the two examples you give:

Look to the Pop Shell extension, and see if you can disable Super+K there.
Default assignment of Super+2 is to launch the second favorite in the dock. Remove that assignment by diving into dconf-editor or with a command, gsettings set org.gnome.shell.keybindings switch-to-application-2 "[]".

You see, this is a "case by case" approach.


For what it's worth, I've just resolved a no-sound problem on my HDA Intel PCH card: I ran 'alsamixer' in a terminal and unmuted the 'Line' column (with the M key).

Other info:

I also made sure to unmute the Master, Headphone, Front, Surround, Center and LFE columns, but it's only when I unmuted Line that sound got out.
The 'Chip' line in alsamixer says 'Realtek ALC887-VD'.
The sound software never complained about the sound device.
My system is Ubuntu 12.04.
The speakers are connected to the green connector at the back of the PC.
I tested the speakers with another computer.


*-network UNCLAIMED after software update on dell xps 13

Please notice your pci.id (corrected):

  Intel Corporation Wireless 8260 [8086:24f3] (rev3) Subsystem: Intel
  Corporation Device [8086:0050]

For the driver iwlwifi to claim and drive your device, it must find a match in the module alias fields that match, exactly, 8086:24f3 AND 0050. In the modinfo you posted, there are several references to 0050 but none to 24f3. Here is the corresponding data from my machine running kernel version 4.4.0-xx:

chili@T440p:~$ modinfo iwlwifi | grep 0050
alias:          pci:v00008086d000024F3sv*sd00000050bc*sc*i*
<snip>

As you can see, there is an exact match.

I believe there are three possible solutions to your issue. First, you could contact Dell and report that their apparent driver tweak that enabled your wireless to work at first was obliterated by an update; probably a later kernel version. They might have a solution and might email a revised tweak package. We have seen other instances of oem-wireless-dkms packages from Dell that fail after a kernel update.

Second, you could reboot, interrupt the boot process at the GRUB menu and select the earliest kernel you have. Boot into it and enjoy your wireless. However, that process would be required at every boot.

This is an older example but illustrates how you could boot, in the example, into -12 instead of -14.

Third, you could install a later kernel version that properly drives your device.

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-xenial

After a reboot, you will be running kernel version 4.4.0-x and your wireless will be working.

Although you may select any option, I suggest that the third option is the simplest and preferred option.


my wireless signal got ether weakend or no loger working after using Software updater on Ubuntu 13.10 how to fix this

My best guess is since it was working before you updated the ndiswrapper, you might need to update your kernel to work with the new version

So first do:

apt-cache search linux-image

then do:

sudo apt-get install linux-image-your_version_choice


How to interpret time "real", "user" and "sys"

Long story short, it simply means that your program didn't request to perform any privileged tasks, hence CPU has spend no time in the privileged (kernel) mode.

Basics First

First of all, there's several things you need to understand in order to interpret the output of time properly:

which time command you're running (because there's multiple)
the meaning of each field and what each one of them means (extra reading here)
the difference between kernel and user mode

There's two types time command. There's shell built-in and there's /usr/bin/time. The shell built in is the one that you're using and it defaults to showing 3 lines, real, user,and sys. The manual for time also mentions this same form of output:

 -p, --portability
     Use the following format string, for conformance with POSIX standard 1003.2:
               real %e
               user %U
               sys %S

And if you check the "FORMATTING THE OUTPUT" section we have:

         E      Elapsed real (wall clock) time used by the process, in [hours:]minutes:seconds.
         U      Total number of CPU-seconds that the process used directly (in user mode), in seconds.
         S      Total number of CPU-seconds used by the system on behalf of the process (in kernel mode), in
                 seconds.

From all this info we can gather that there's two modes in which CPU can run - user mode and kernel mode, and the time command displays how long CPU remains in a given mode to do whatever your program/app has asked CPU to do.

Understanding what is sys time reporting and what does 0 value mean

OK, so we understand the difference is that there's user mode and kernel mode in which code can run. We already can figure that this basically means the program didn't use kernel mode for executing some tasks. What does that actually mean ?

Refer to this post:

  In Kernel mode, the executing code has complete and unrestricted access to the underlying hardware. It can execute any CPU instruction and reference any memory address.

And from another answer on the same post:

  The switch from user mode to kernel mode is not done automatically by CPU. CPU is interrupted by interrupts (timers, keyboard, I/O). When interrupt occurs, CPU stops executing the current running program, switch to kernel mode, executes interrupt handler. This handler saves the state of CPU, performs its operations, restore the state and returns to user mode.

So that's what your output means - there was no switch to kernel mode and CPU did not receive any interrupts from the program to do so. This also means that your code doesn't have anything that would require elevated privileges from CPU

Note: this probably should be rephrased as "there was no long/noticeable switch into kernel mode", since allocating memory with something like malloc() function in C would require switching into kernel mode, but these are microscopic switches, which we'd really have to investigate with a debugger or strace command.


Panel settings not appearing on right-click in gnome


How can I convert an animated WebP to a WebM?

Since there does not appear to be any widely-supported way to do it yet:

Install the anim_dump example utility from libwebp, since it is not included in the webp package.

Clone the repo:git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/webm/libwebp && cd libwebp.
Force make to build anim_dump: echo "bin_PROGRAMS += anim_dump" >> examples/Makefile.am.
Install libwebp: ./autogen.sh && ./configure && make && sudo make install.
Add /usr/local/lib to your linker path: echo "/usr/local/lib" |sudo tee -a /etc/ld.so.conf&& sudo ldconfig. Without this, anim_dump will not run.

Extract the WebP frames to PNGs using anim_dump. mkdir frames && cd frames && anim_dump ../example.webp && cd ...
Figure out the framerate of the video using webpmux: webpmux -info ../example.webp. Use about the average duration of the WebP frames as your WebM framerate. If your WebP does not use a consistent framerate, you'll have to manually deal with the durations somehow.
Create a WebM using ffmpeg: ffmpeg -framerate <my-framerate> -i frames/dump_%04d.png example.webm
Clean up: rm -r frames/.


How do I get the svn client to use a different copy of SSL?

The version of subversion included in Ubuntu 11.04 at least does not link with OpenSSL, but instead uses the GnuTLS library:

$ ldd /usr/bin/svn
...
        libgnutls.so.26 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgnutls.so.26 (0x00007fab1dd33000)
...
        libneon-gnutls.so.27 => /usr/lib/libneon-gnutls.so.27 (0x00007fab1d239000)

So compiling a new version of OpenSSL is not sufficient.  If you want Subversion to use it, you will probably have to recompile the Neon library and Subversion itself.

What makes you think that the SSL library is the cause of the problem you're seeing?  Perhaps there is some other solution to your problem aside from recompiling everything.


Removing the broken package completely affects other packages

It's a classic misunderstanding:
To apt, a broken package does NOT mean that it's corrupt or defective. It's merely an incompatible version.
Generally, DON'T try to remove or uninstall "broken" packages. Sometimes you can, but sometimes, doing so will remove other packages. It's that apt dependency chain.
This kind of error usually occurs when folks read advice on the internet about how to get the newest or latest software.
The best way to fix the problem is to undo whatever changes you made: Restore the original Ubuntu repositories and remove the non-Ubuntu sources and PPAs that provided the broken package(s). Then it's usually possible to tell apt to (re-)install the compatible version of the broken package, which solves the problem.


Is there a way to boost volume on your machine from the standard volume?

Yes, you can increase the volume above 100%

Click on the speaker symbol   in the right corner --> go to sound settings and you should see a slider with which you can set your sound output above 100%


Error Install ubuntu on lenovo notebook g510

Did you already try the solution suggested at How to fix "The system is running in low-graphics mode" error?
Looks like your graphics driver was not installed (correctly). Try to re-install the driver as suggested in the linked post.


error while downloading or installing applications due to incorrect grub settings

Obviously there are errors in the file /etc/grub.d/50_custom.save, or the file shouldn't be there at all. Normally .save files are temporary backups that would be deleted when the original file is saved after editing.
If you have both a 50_custom and a 50_custom.save, it should be safe to delete the 50_custom.save file - or maybe move it to your home dir as a backup until you have verified that deleting it didn't introduce any problems.


Only a few programs will launch without rebooting first

Alright, I stopped being useless and fixed the problem (kinda).

Attempts to open things via terminal gave an error stating "Maximum number of clients reached". It's a problem with X. I googled around and found this thread: How can I diagnose/debug "maximum number of clients reached" X errors? where someone had trouble with a wallpaper changer. I checked wallch, and sure enough it wasn't working. So I quit that, and ran something through terminal and the problem was fixed. Still not sure whether it was an update to x or wallch that caused the issue, but I don't really care.

Bleep bloop.


Usually, all your personal files are inside your $HOME. So, you should create a second admin user. From this one, copy over everything you want to keep or better create a backup from your old $HOME, so you can recreate important things later and you don't miss anything.
Check in other locations like /tmp or /var if there are any personal files or logs. It should be safe to remove /var/logs/*.
You could use find to find files that belong to the old user in locations outside of $HOME:
sudo find / -xdev -path "/home/old_user" -prune -o -user old_user

Then remove your old user and your complete $HOME directory.
sudo deluser --remove-home old_user_name

When you are done with that, you need to wipe all empty space.
You can use sfill from secure-delete to wipe all empty space on your hard drive.
sudo apt-get install secure-delete

sfill will default to run multiple passes with /dev/random, which is super-paranoid. If your enemy is not the NSA, one-time filling with zeros is enough:
sfill -l -l -z /home/new_user/

... or overwrite the space yourself by creating a big empty file and when all space is filled, delete it:
cat /dev/zero > zero.file
sync
rm zero.file

If for some reason, your user should be kept, you need to remove your personal files manually before wiping empty space. Be aware that you have config, keyring files, temp files, logs, thumbails in various locations and you will likely miss some of them. You can use bleachbit to help you with this, but I would still always prefer creating a new user and deleting the old one.

If you want to make sure, run photorec on your hard drive to check if there is anything that a new user could possibly see:
sudo apt install testdisk
sudo photorec /dev/sda1

(replace /dev/sda1 with your actual hard drive location).
Depending on the size of your disk, this will take a while.


Is it possible to install Ubuntu without a CD or USB drive?

Yep, all your friend needs to do is download and install Wubi. It's designed for this exact scenario. You can check it out here: http://wubi-installer.org/


How can I get octal file permissions from command line?

You can try

stat -c "%a %n" *

Replace * with the relevant directory or the exact filename that you want to examine.

From the man page of stat,

-c  --format=FORMAT
          use  the  specified  FORMAT instead of the default; output a newline after
          each use of FORMAT
%a     Access rights in octal
%n     File name

Usage:

With files:

$ stat -c "%a %n" ./Documents/Udev.html
664 ./Documents/Udev.html

With folders:

$ stat -c "%a %n" ./Documents/
755 ./Documents/

(Reference)


Okay I actually found it out with a friend... It's very easy, the corresponding option for qemu -cpu kvm=off is --features kvm_hidden=on. You just have to read the man-page of virt-install:
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/virt-install.1.html

> --features kvm_hidden=on
>                Allow the KVM hypervisor signature to be hidden from the guest

The full line in my case then would be:

virt-install --name GamingTest1 --boot uefi \
   --vcpus=2 --ram 1024 --os-variant ubuntu16.04 \
   --cdrom=/media/ubuntu.iso \
   --graphics vnc --disk none --livecd --wait 0 \
   --cpu host, --features kvm_hidden=on \
   --host-device=pci_0000_01_00_0 --host-device=pci_0000_01_00_1


How to get KeePassXC running on Ubuntu 21.04

KeePassXC 2.6.4 can auto-type in 20.10 with Wayland... so I assume that it should still work in 21.04.
However, KeePassXC is only at version 2.6.2 in the Ubuntu repos, so you have to add the KeePassXC PPA to get version 2.6.4.
Source: https://launchpad.net/~phoerious/+archive/ubuntu/keepassxc
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:phoerious/keepassxc
sudo apt-get update

Then....
sudo apt-get install keepassxc

Update #1:
To use QT_QPA_PLATFORM=wayland, if required, edit your ~/.bash_aliases file and enter a line like export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=wayland. Log out/in.


How can I change the settings for my running instance of redshift?

It looks like redshift doesn't yet support changing the current settings, see this github pull request. I would sugest a set of scripts tied to keybinding's.

To find and kill running redshift instances run kill $(ps aux | grep '[r]edshift*' | awk '{print $2}').

Your script could change the ~/.config/redshift.conf file and then restart redshift. Or just run redshift -b 0.3

For guidance on changing the config file see Redshift Ubuntu wiki entry. which includes a example config file.


There are two ways to stop synchronizing a folder. One is to stop synchronizing the folder locally while still keeping the “cloud” copy alive. This is done from the Ubuntu One Control Panel, by deselecting the per-volume checkbox that is labelled “Sync Locally?”,

With this option your files will remain on the cloud, and on any other devices where you have previously (or thereafter) selected that checkbox.

The other way (which was removed for new installations as of 13.10) is to remove the folder from Ubuntu One entirely. This is done from the Nautilus context menu,

With this option the volume and its files are removed from the cloud, and will no longer be synced to other devices where they might have been synced before. They won't be removed from this or other devices, but you no longer have a way to retrieve them from the website. The “recover deleted files” does not recover deleted volumes.

The file blobs will be removed after the usual window, but you've lost the handle on them. At this point you're pretty much out of luck if you later remove the files and need them back.

  From the commandline, the control panel action corresponds to u1sdtool --unsubscribe-folder, whereas the nautilus action corresponds to u1sdtool --delete-folder.


How to remove workspace switcher icon from launcher without disabling workspaces?

I used alt+F2 > dconf-editor.
In the "com.canonical.unity.launcher.favorites" field, I removed 'unity://expo-icon'


List available versions:
sudo apt list libsnmp-perl -a
Listing... Done
libsnmp-perl/focal-updates,focal-security 5.8+dfsg-2ubuntu2.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.8+dfsg-2ubuntu2]
libsnmp-perl/focal,now 5.8+dfsg-2ubuntu2 amd64 [installed,upgradable to: 5.8+dfsg-2ubuntu2.1]

and install not last:
sudo apt install libsnmp-perl=5.8+dfsg-2ubuntu2

Works for me.


How can I change which icon an applet uses?

I think you have four options:

Use the Faenza-Darkest icon theme. (Is there a reason to not do this?)
Replace the icon (which you don't want to do).
Edit the app's configuration to change the icon.
Make your own lightweight icon theme to set your desired icon.

Edit the app's configuration to change the icon

Edit /usr/share/applications/diodon.desktop and change Icon=gtk-paste to Icon=/usr/share/icons/Faenza-Darkest/actions/22/gtk-paste.png

Note that editing system files is generally a bad idea. You might be able to copy diodon.desktop to ~/.local/share/applications/diodon.desktop and then edit it. I'm not sure if that would work.

Make your own lightweight icon theme to set your desired icon

This is probably the best solution, but it's a little trickier. (See also this more thorough description for creating lightweight icon themes.)

Run this from a Terminal:

# Create a new theme containing the icon we want
mkdir -p ~/.icons/Faenza-Alan/actions/22
ln -s /usr/share/icons/Faenza-Darkest/actions/22/gtk-paste.png ~/.icons/Faenza-Alan/actions/22/.
# Copy the theme config and modify it for our new theme
cp /usr/share/icons/Faenza-Darkest/index.theme ~/.icons/Faenza-Alan/.
sed -i -e "s/Inherits=/Inherits=Faenza-Dark,/g" ~/.icons/Faenza-Alan/index.theme
sed -i -e "s/Faenza-Darkest/Faenza-Alan/g" ~/.icons/Faenza-Alan/index.theme

Now open Appearance and change your icon theme to Faenza-Alan.

Now your new theme will persist regardless of system upgrades. (Unless Faenza removes the gtk-paste.png icon. If you're worried about that, use cp instead of ln -s. But you won't get updates to the icon.)

My Faenza-Alan looks like this:

In testing this, I see that it's probably a bug that Faenza uses a light app-indicator icon for any of the dark themes. Anyone know where you can file a bug?


Trying to locally share a folder between Ubuntu 17.10 and Ubuntu 18.04

UPDATE METHOD 1: I think the easiest way is to use ssh command - scp, but before using it you have to create ssh access to both computers. You can read how to do this here. When you are ready and all setup and tested the ssh command and it is working, then you can simply write (if you want to transfer files from remote to local machine (or just switch the destination and source if you want to transfer from local to remote):

scp source destination

for example scp [remote-user]@[remote-ip]:[full-path-to-file-folder] [full-path-to-local-folder]

METHOD 2:
I manage to do it this way i dont know if it is simplest, but it worked at the end of the day:

to make it executable sudo chmod 777 /[path]/[to]/[shared-folder]
installed samba sudo apt install samba
edited the conf file of samba sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
Added this at the bottom of the file:

read only:

[foldername]
comment = Gravity Spy Shared Folder
path = /[path]/[to]/[shared-folder]

writable

[foldername]
comment = Gravity Spy Shared Folder
path = /[path]/[to]/[shared-folder]
read only = No
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
directory mode = 0777

Save the file and tested with testparm if the file have any errors
Restart samba server with systemctl restart smbd
Allowing port 139 with sudo ufw allow 139/tcp
Allowing port 445 with sudo ufw allow 445/tcp
Create password for samba sudo smbpasswd -a [your-username]
Then on my other computer i typed: smb://[ip-address-of-my-server]/[folder-name]
Click on Login with user and then

type your username you typed at point 9
domain leave it WORKGROUP
type your password you typed at point 9

and VOILA!

BTW: to find your ip address you can type ifconfig -a and your ip address should start with 192.182.*.* it should be near this word inet 192.168.100.7


Install a NX server, such as FreeNX or NeatX. Then you can remotely start a session, resize it, and disconnect and reconnect at will.

If you have to connect to a wireless network using NM, you can allow it to connect at the login screen. Right-click on NetworkManager, and go to "Edit connections". Select the connection in question, click "Edit", and check the "Available to all users" box.


How to install alsa-base and pulseaudio?

Adding the following line to my sources list allowed me to install these packages:

deb http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring main

A bigger list of mirrors can be found here on packages.ubuntu.com

The audio symbol returned and settings are there, but my "dummy output" problem persists.


Can not install Spotify on 15.10: libssl0.9.8 problem

At the time of posting this, the Packages index file in the official repo for both Spotify 32-bit and 64-bit is somehow outdated (someone at Spotify needs to update these files) and contain information about previous spotify-client .deb release which still uses libssl0.9.8. But as libssl0.9.8 is no longer available in the package repository of Ubuntu 15.10 and onwards, that explains why apt barfed that dependency error when you tried to install from spotify official repo as outlined on its Linux download page

The latest 32-bit and also 64-bit spotify-client however do use libssl1.00 now. As temporary solution for installing spotify until this repo issue is fixed, you'll have to download the deb binary manually. Go to this link on spotify repo. Then to install the downloaded deb, use dpkg -i <debfile>, followed by apt-get install -f to install need dependency if necessary

Edit..

It seems that Spotify repo has silently moved to testing channel for a while now and all the active developement on Linux build is first pushed into testing repo, according to some post on Spotify forum. I think you can say stable channel now is more or less abandoned which explains the whole issue with outdated Packages index files though the debs are not. So now instead of using stable channel as outlined in the Linux installation instruction on Spotify official site, you should be using testing. Change your Spotify repository from

deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free

to

deb http://repository.spotify.com testing non-free


They appear to be plug-ins rather than scripts - if so, they need to go into your gimp plug-ins directory e.g.

unzip ~/Downloads/gimp_instagram_effects.zip -d ~/.gimp-2.8/plug-ins/

After that, they should be accessible via an Instagram filter group under the Filters menu.


Trying to deploy my flask web app using lighttpd

Know this is late, but came across this when searching another problem and figured I would post the fix here which is documented in the Python Flask documentation for Lighttpd.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from flup.server.fcgi import WSGIServer
from hello import app

class ScriptNameStripper(object):
    def __init__(self, app):
        self.app = app

    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] = ''
        return self.app(environ, start_response)

app = ScriptNameStripper(app)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    WSGIServer(app).run()


After plugged in 3G data card modem, it is required to eject the data card to make Dial up or Mobile broadband connection to use  USB as USBtty device. But I found same problem as it stated above on 12.04LTS
I am using TERACOM 3G modem data card.

I found a temporary solution to eject the 3G modem and my Dial up and broadband working absolutely fine.

note : make sure your usb-modswitch package is installed.

launch Disk utility.-> 3G Modem Mass storage.
select -> Eject the data card. you will get error " device not detected" as expected.
Then select the CD/DVD Drive.
Select Again the 3G Modem Mass storage and Eject Again this time it will Eject the 3G Modem.
Then make Dial up or Mobile broadband connection this time it will connect successfully.

This is the Trick of Ejecting 3G Data card in between selecting CD/DVD drive


no LibreOffice icon in taskbar when directly opening a document file

I had the same problem using kazam software to record but i couldn't find out what was the problem, so i came up with another solution...
I used the 'Hot Corners' to switch between windows...

From taskbar open the 'System Settings'

Now click on 'Hot Corners' to open the settings

In here choose one of the Corners and set the event to 'Show all windows' and set the 'Icon visible' and 'Hover enable' to checked.

Now When you take your cursor to the corner, you'll see all open windows and you can easily switch to each of them.

Example :


wubi compares 14.04 md5sum with md5sum from 14.04.1 file

Eliah Kagan's solution works fine. A bit more detail for real beginners:

Copy Wubi to the hard disk from the CD. If you do not do it, Wubi just launches the CD install.
Open a command window:

Option A

Go to the Windows Start button, click and write cmd + Enter.
Then you need to change directory to the one containing wubi.exe.

Option B

Open an explorer window and navigate to the folder containing wubi.exe.
Then press Shift and right-click the folder icon.
From the popup menu, select Open window command window here.

Execute wubi disabling MD5 check. Write wubi --skipmd5check.

Follow the on-screen instructions to install a Wubi system.


Is there a way to shut off showing the user's wallpaper at the login screen?

To Hide YOUR Wallpaper

First and foremost, it sounds like the wallpaper is sensitive.  So you should make sure no one else can view it anyway, regardless of whether it's displayed on the greeter or not.

To prevent people from viewing your wallpaper file:

Open the File Browser
Navigate to the wallpaper file
Right click on it
Choose Properties
Select the Permissions tab
Under "Others", select the "Access:" dropdown and choose "None"

There.  Now no one but you can view that file.  And incidentally, this means the greeter can no longer display it as your wallpaper and will fallback to the default one.

To Hide ALL Wallpapers

sudo -u lightdm dbus-launch gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-user-backgrounds false

Secret Bonus Trick for Showing a Different Wallpaper

If you'd like to display a different wallpaper on the greeter than you have as your own wallpaper, issue the following command in a Terminal:

id -u

Which will give you a number that represents your own user ID on the system.   Now enter the following command:

dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.Accounts /org/freedesktop/Accounts/UserYOURID org.freedesktop.Accounts.User.SetBackgroundFile string:YOURWALLPAPER

Where YOURID is the user ID you just got and YOURWALLPAPER is a path to the wallpaper you want to use.

Now, if you change your desktop wallpaper after doing this, the greeter wallpaper will be reset to the desktop wallpaper.  So you will have to enter this command again to maintain separate wallpapers.


Nautilus crashes when setting & changing permission on file properties as root 14.10

Try to change the permissions from the command line using sudo chmod *PERMISSIONS* *FILE*
where *PERMISSIONS* should be:

a+x to give execution permission to all.
g+x to give execution permission to group.
u+x to give execution permission to user.
You can replace the + by a - to remove permissions.
You can change other permissions such as r (read) or w (write) [i.e. a+w]
You can change one or more permissions at same time (a+rwx)

And *FILE* should be the file to change permissions, you can drag and drop from a normal nautilus window to the command line.


Which is the X display driver for the AMD Radeon HD series in 12.04?

The core open-source graphics driver is bundled by default as part of the kernel (radeon). You shouldn't need to separately install it.

The X display driver xserver-xorg-video-radeon and userspace DRM driver libdrm-radeon should normally be auto-installed, but may be manually installed via apt-get if needed.


How to securely/non-interruptively remove a device after overwriting partition table with dd?

As root run the command sync or if a normal user run sudo sync (this will ensure the write cache is flushed and that it is safe to unmount your SD card).

So , after dd command has finished run

sudo sync

After that you are safe to remove the drive you write to (This flushes anything that remains cached).


Not all applications have been internationalized, or not translated in Spanish yet.  As many (most) applications are built in English, this becomes the default language.

If the application has been built following the internationalizing you application guidelines, you can build a Spanish message bundle for the application.  The Ubuntu Internationalization Guide provides more details.  Providing your translations will help the general community.

Some applications provide message bundles as a separate package.  These applications are likely to using English unless you install the appropriate internationalization package.


How to return the menus to Rhythmbox in Ubuntu 18.10

No right menu button or top menu dropdowns in GNOME 3.30.1

The menus are in the GNOME panel's application list, right click on the Rhythmbox icon in the panel and the application menu will appear, like with other GNOME apps.

I always forget that the application top menus, and the menus that used to be in the GTK titlebar, have been moved into the panel -- out of sight, out of mind.


Can't boot after package updates (upgrade included 3.0.0-14 kernel upgrade)

The rtc_cmos message is one of the last messages before many of the graphical boot screen programs take over.

So, debugging thoughts: can you check the timestamps of packages in your package cache (/var/cache/apt/archive) and see what packages installed? What happens if you try switching virtual terminals after waiting a sufficient amount of time for bootup? (ctrl+alt+f1/ctrl+alt+f2/etc.). Is it locked up or just locked? Do the Magic SysRq keys work?

My guess is that this is a graphics card/graphics related situation, so to eliminate that option, it might be worthwhile to try booting with a different framebuffer configuration. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VESA_BIOS_Extensions#Linux_video_mode_numbers

Of course, in the interim time, you can always reconfigure grub to default to a different kernel. Check out /etc/default/grub.


Can I install Ubuntu Mobile OS in my Samsung Galaxy Grand (android)?

I think it is far too early to be installing Ubuntu Mobile unless you are a developer.

In which case you should probably read up to get enough knowledge to know how to do this yourself and how you would revert it if things go wrong before you start.

I recommend checking out the XDA forum for your phone to see if anyone is currently working on it and to see what the progress is like.


Install the nVidia proprietary beta driver. Open source drivers, to my knowledge, do not work well currently with Pascal GPUs.

Make sure to select the proprietary driver in Additional Drivers.

If that doesn't work, try disabling all window animations and install CCSM. You might want to tweak some of the OpenGL and Unity settings.

Is the GPU experiencing lag in only Chrome? Do other 3d applications work well? In that case, it could be that Chrome has a compatibility issue.

In that case, go to chrome://flags and enable all flags pertaining to Hardware acceleration. Then go to chrome://gpu and make sure all the flags there have hardware acceleration enabled. You might want to check this out:

https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/chrome/CtKF2BiskT8;context-place=forum/chrome


cd - switches between the old and new present working directories.
avinash@avinash:~$ cd -
bash: cd: OLDPWD not set
avinash@avinash:~$ cd ~/Desktop
avinash@avinash:~/Desktop$ pwd
/home/avinash/Desktop
avinash@avinash:~/Desktop$ cd -
/home/avinash
avinash@avinash:~$

See also,
avinash@avinash:~$ echo $OLDPWD

avinash@avinash:~$ cd ~/Desktop
avinash@avinash:~/Desktop$ echo $OLDPWD
/home/avinash
avinash@avinash:~/Desktop$ cd d
avinash@avinash:~/Desktop/d$ echo $OLDPWD
/home/avinash/Desktop
avinash@avinash:~/Desktop/d$

The $OLDPWD variable stores the path of the previous present working directory.


Installing qgis in ubuntu 18.04 error with sqlite tables, can no longer use apt

Looks like your libsqlite3 was built without the switch:

-DSQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA

which libgda1.so.20 expects.


I figured it out!

I placed the file in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols.  I also renamed the file mb.

Then, I opened a terminal and typed in the following:

cd /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols

Followed by

xkbcomp mb $DISPLAY 2>/dev/null

And I've got it working well.


To actually perform a GUI Logon on Ubuntu 14.04 with an Active Directory User edit 50-ubuntu.conf file located in /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/ path and add the following lines then reboot to apply changes.

greeter-show-manual-login=true


Why some applications updated and others are not?

It may help for you to read about Ubuntu repositories.  Some packages are fully supported ("main", "restricted" repos); some packages are not ("universe", "multiverse").  Also, please read the Ubuntu Updates section.  Updates are primarily used for fixing security vulnerabilities and serious bugs.  It may be that the packages you are seeing updated have more vulnerabilities/bugs than the ones you aren't seeing updated.

The rate of updates also depends on how quickly vulnerabilities/bugs are being fixed in the upstream codebase and the priority the package is given within Ubuntu.  E.g. since Unity is the primary Ubuntu desktop and it is a relatively new project (vs. e.g. XFCE), you will probably see more Unity-related updates than updates for other window managers.


1 SSD windows, 1 SSD ext4, 1 NTFS Data mutual Drive?

sudo parted -l

This will list drives, partition tables, partitions, and filesystems.


Warning: The Partition is misaligned by XXX - Revisiting this question

You should identify the sector-precise start point of the partition. You can do this in GParted by selecting your disk's one partition, right-clicking, and selecting "Information" from the pop-up menu. This produces a dialog box like the following:

The "First sector" line tells you what the first sector is.

Alternatively, typing sudo parted /dev/sda unit s print or sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda should produce the same information. (gdisk isn't installed by default, though; you'll need to install it first via sudo apt-get install gdisk).

In any of these cases, if the first sector value is divisible by 8, you're safe. If not, the partition is misaligned and you should back it up, delete it, re-create it, and restore the data. Doing a move/resize operation on the start of the disk should also correct the problem; but be aware that this is risky, so backing up is advisable in this case.

Note that the partition shown in my screen shot is not properly aligned. This is OK in my case because the disk is not an Advanced Format model. Proper alignment is required only for Advanced Format disks, SSDs, and some types of RAID arrays; but precisely what type of alignment is necessary depends on the disk type. The vast majority of modern spinning disks use Advanced Format, so it's best to assume you need to align on 8-sector boundaries with any modern hard disk.

For more on this topic, see this article, which I wrote some time ago. Modern software is a bit better at this than it was in 2010, but you can still wind up with improper alignment if you use old software, if you use unusual software, or if you mis-use advanced partitioning options that override alignment defaults. Alignment issues are mostly the same for MBR as for GPT disks.


where is the Tomcat 7 home / lib directory?

Its located user /usr/share/tomcat7/lib folder. If you have used apt-get install tomcat7 command for installing your container.


Will setting the volume above 100% hurt my speakers?

Basically it wont hurt, but you should take into consideration that 100% means -10dbV, which is about 0.3 V alternate output voltage. More infos This is a standard. If you connect your output to an pre-amplifier, the -10dbV level is the base on which the circuit has been designed.
Increasing the output will lead to distortion. It might even produce a small DC current which will hurt the speakers (or better its coils), depending on how powerful your amplifier is, which will amplify the -10dbV signal to much higher voltages.
That said it doesn't really matter if you increase the volume further up when no powerful amplifier is involved.


Try:

update-alternatives --config java

This gave an output like this:

2            /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin/java

Add to your /etc/environment
JAVA_HOME='/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle'
And then remove and reinstall r-base:

sudo apt-get remove r-base
sudo apt-get install r-base

Now try install rJava again.


Just upgraded from 18.04 to 20.04. Password not working

"Invalid Password" means you input the wrong password. Your password was not changed by an upgrade.
"Removing" the password is unwise: Accounts without a password cannot be logged into. It simply locks you out of your own account. Better to change the password to one you will remember next time.
It is possible to automatically login without using your password. The account must still have a valid password even though you don't type it at login. You will still need your password to unlock your Keyring and for Admin tasks.
Advice:

Use the Recovery Console to set a new password, or restore your old password.
If you change your password (no longer the original), remember to also change the password on your Keyring to match.
OPTIONAL: Set up automatic login. If you do so, remember to record your password somewhere so you don't encounter this problem again.


How to recover data from Windows 7 Overwritten by Ubuntu 14.04?

If TestDisk didn't work, I'm afraid your chances are not great... at this point your best bet might be to bring or send your hard drive to a reputable professional data-recovery service. While they are generally very good, they can be extremely expensive, and there's no guarantee that the files will be recoverable. So it depends on your financial resources and how important the data was. Probably your best bet is to just restore your latest backup and move on... if you didn't have backups, consider this a very painful life lesson to always, always, always back up your data on a regular basis. Online backup services and USB flash drives are inexpensive and easy ways to make backups.


Problems with software installation after kernel update

P: Installing debian theme...cp: cannot stat ‘/usr/share/syslinux/themes/debian-wheezy/extlinux/memtest.bin’: No such file or directory

I countered this with the bold:

touch /usr/share/syslinux/themes/debian-wheezy/extlinux/memtest.bin

Use at your own risk, but it worked for me.

ps: I didn't try booting into memtest


It's not possible to change the shutdown message unless you want to recompile shutdown program.

However, you can append your own message to the basic one :

shutdown 10 YOUR MESSAGE HERE

will output

The system is going down for maintenance in 10 minutes!
YOUR MESSAGE HERE


Look at the settings of the keyboard, maybe you set that the keyboard language is "1" (language set) and your language is "2" (your language) =D


Unable to install Midori browser on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Looks like that PPA is a little stale but Midori can be installed on 64bit Bionic Beaver as follows:

sudo apt-get install libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0
wget http://midori-browser.org/downloads/midori_0.5.11-0_amd64_.deb
sudo dpkg -i midori_0.5.11-0_amd64_.deb

This works well enough on my Bionic Beaver VM as the following screenshot demonstrates:

Mind you this is an older and perhaps not well maintained browser so just be a little careful...


After running command, "phablet-flash ubuntu-system --no-backup" Responds: "unsupported device"

Sorry, but your phone is not supported by Ubuntu for phones.

From your build.prop:

...
ro.product.model=GT-N7100
...

The model GT-N7100 is more popularly known as the Galaxy Note II. The Note is currently not supported by Ubuntu for phones.

At the moment, only two phones are supported by Ubuntu for phones: the Galaxy Nexus and the Nexus 4. NThis does not include the Note. Source


What types are allowed in config.yaml in juju charms?

All available types (as of r2798):

string (default)
int
float
boolean

From the code:

var optionTypeCheckers = map[string]schema.Checker{
    "string":  schema.String(),
    "int":     schema.Int(),
    "float":   schema.Float(),
    "boolean": schema.Bool(),
}

If a type: setting is found in config.yaml which doesn't match one of these, then it throws the error:

  option [option_name] has unknown type [type]

This is a shame. I'd have very much liked the option of a dictionary or map type


You can follow steps below to get your work done:

First of all, split this file into 100 categories files with using:

sed -n '0,99p' file >> 1.txt

for the first category.

Now you have 100 files: 1.txt, 2.txt, ...., 100.txt. Each of these files has 1000 lines. you can select a line from these files randomly by following command and put in firsthalf.txt and secondhalf.txt:

shuf -n 1 filename

In each of above steps you can use loops to improve your speed.


How to control Brightness on Acer Laptop

Solution:

Edit GRUB:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor"

then:

sudo update-grub

Reboot.

Controls are working.


If wget url fails, create fake file with name - url+fake.m3u8

Have a look at How to check if a command succeeded?

For example:

#! /bin/bash
#
wget http://ex.ua/files/heroes.m3u8
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    touch heroes-fake.m3u8
fi


Not able to uninstall MySQL with apt-get

Assuming you need to completely remove mysql related packages and its configs, please try below;

sudo apt-get remove --purge mysql*     # will remove all relating packages and its config
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean

And above command will completely remove all mysql related packages.

Hope it helps!!


I think you will have better luck installing the compat-wireless suite in the Ubuntu repositories. With a working internet connection, please do:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-cw-3.12-precise-generic-pae

After it is installed, reboot. If your wireless is not working, post the details and we'll troubleshoot:

lspci -nn | grep 0280

I believe the correct driver for your 14e4:4365 device is bcmwl-kernel-source in versions 6.20.155.1 and newer. I suggest you try:

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo modprobe wl

If it doesn't start your wireless, tell us what version was installed:

sudo dpkg -s bcmwl-kernel-source | grep Version


Can I install a program on a different partition than Ubuntu?

Yes! you can. Just add following to your ~/.bashrc file.
export PATH="/path/to/your/program:$PATH"
After adding don't forget to restart your terminal or just execute exec bash.


i cant boot into lubuntu grub wont show up

Happens to me all the time. As I have a few computers that are dual booting.

Just go to  https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair which after you run will allow you to dual boot. If it doesn't then you probably didn't install the software properly.

Best boot with a Live Ubuntu and follow the instructions on the above page.


What mode does the terminal go into when I type a single quote?

The shell is just waiting for the closing quote. When you enter it, it will do exactly what it usually does, and attempt to execute the command entered.

Quotes cause the shell not to interpret special characters, meaning that expansions are not performed. Single quotes suppress all interpretation of special characters completely. Normally a newline separates commands, but here you have included the newlines as part of the command by quoting them.

Since there is no such command as <newline>ls<newline>, it is not found.


You're looking for wipe.  I'm not sure if there's a way to make that the default delete handler though.


Will an Ubuntu "daily build" version automatically become a fully functional stable version when it's officialy released?

Yes

If you are already runing the pre-release version of Ubuntu, your system's normal routine apt update and apt upgrade will automatically land you in the same 20.04 LTS as though you had installed afresh.

Warning: Running pre-release Ubuntu means that you are volunteering to test Ubuntu. You should have (or be willing to learn) the skills to troubleshoot, to report bugs, to participate in the appropriate dev venues to discuss the issues you discover, and to do it all in a timely manner so bugs can be fixed before release,


It could be that the long and complicated update process is to blame.  See this sticky Ubuntu Forums post.  If that were the case, then the fix would be to back up your $HOME folder, wipe the hard drive clean, install a fresh copy of Ubuntu, restore your $HOME folder, and install missing packages.  Good luck.


Ubuntu Won't Boot on Mac Mini (mid 2010) with rEFInd

Though I have never installed Ubuntu on a Mac nor have I ever used rEFInd, but this problem may be causing this issue. I expect so because this could be a driver problem. Was rEFInd installed by default with Ubuntu on a Mac?
As given here

nomodeset
The newest kernels have moved the video mode setting into
the kernel. So all the programming of the hardware specific clock
rates and registers on the video card happen in the kernel rather than
in the X driver when the X server starts.. This makes it possible to
have high resolution nice looking splash (boot) screens and flicker
free transitions from boot splash to login screen. Unfortunately, on
some cards this doesnt work properly and you end up with a black
screen. Adding the nomodeset parameter instructs the kernel to not
load video drivers and use BIOS modes instead until X is loaded.

X server has better drivers than the kernel counter part. With nomodeset, the kernel does not loads the video drivers during the boot-process and it uses the modes provided by BIOS. The video drivers are loaded when the X-server starts. The drivers in X-server could be able to handle the hardware and show graphics properly.
You may see this forum for setting nomodeset in rEFInd, or this answer for setting it in grub


Is there easy way to setup VGA passthrough on Ubuntu 16.04?

UPDATE:  I have this working properly with libvirt now.  For me, the only complication was learning how to fake out the Windows NVidia driver to believe it is not running in a VM.  I did that by adding <kvm><hidden state='on'/></kvm> to the <features> block.  , and <timer name='hypervclock' present='no'/> to the <clock> block. (Update 2: hypervclock now appears to be acceptable for modern NVidia drivers.)

ORIGINAL ANSWER:

There is no "easy" way, and I have only had partial success directly adding the PCI device with libvirt / virtual-manager.  I did have unqualified success following this guide.

However, I had to do a lot of reading in other tutorials and forums to understand what was going on.  Here's the list of terminology I wish I'd had when I started.

The basic steps are:

stub out your passthrough VGA device so Ubuntu doesn't claim it
script a qemu commandline to...

add a ioh3420 virtual PCI root port
add your VGA device
add any other devices in the same IOMMU group as your VGA device
add a mouse/keyboard

Here's the script from the link above, all credit to the author, Matt Bach.

#!/bin/bash

configfile=/etc/virt/vfio-pci1.cfg

vfiobind() {
    dev="$1"
        vendor=$(cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/$dev/vendor)
        device=$(cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/$dev/device)
        if [ -e /sys/bus/pci/devices/$dev/driver ]; then
                echo $dev > /sys/bus/pci/devices/$dev/driver/unbind
        fi
        echo $vendor $device > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/vfio-pci/new_id

}

modprobe vfio-pci

cat $configfile | while read line;do
    echo $line | grep ^# >/dev/null 2>&1 && continue
        vfiobind $line
done

sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -M q35 -m 4096 -cpu host,kvm=off \
-name cmdline \
-smp 4,sockets=1,cores=4,threads=1 \
-bios /usr/share/qemu/bios.bin -vga none \
-usb \
-usbdevice host:046d:c52b,hostbus=3,hostaddr=7  \ // My logitech mouse/kb receiver
-device ioh3420,bus=pcie.0,addr=1c.0,multifunction=on,port=1,chassis=1,id=root.1 \
-device vfio-pci,host=05:00.0,bus=root.1,addr=00.0,multifunction=on,x-vga=on \
-device vfio-pci,host=05:00.1,bus=root.1,addr=00.1 \
-drive file=/home/at/virt/windows1.img,id=disk,format=qcow2,cache=none,if=none -device ide-hd,drive=disk \
-drive file=/home/at/virt/win7.iso,id=isocd,cache=none,if=none,format=raw -device ide-cd,bus=ide.2,drive=isocd \
-boot menu=on


Does anyone know how to connect to a terminal services gateway using a RDP V6 compatible client in Ubuntu 12.04?

A good command line client that is RDPv6 compatible is rdesktop. Rdesktop can be installed with this command:

sudo apt-get install rdesktop

From there you can connect to a server by following these directions:
http://linux.die.net/man/1/rdesktop

There are many front ends available for rdesktop too, such as Gnome-RDP.


Open a new terminal, and launch

xkill

Then click on the unresponsive one.
Read more about xkill command , and:  4 Ways to Kill a Process – kill, killall, pkill, xkill should help you too.

Good luck


sudo apt-get not working after a new install of ubuntu

After a fresh install of Ubuntu, launch Terminal by using Ctrl+Alt+T and run:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Once, this process has been completed, you can install packages using

sudo apt-get install <package_name>


How can I batch tag several hundred photos with separately recorded GPS data?

CLI solution

Overview

When dealing with metadata of any sort exiftool should always be the utility of choice. It comes with a plethora of different options and commands that allow you to tag images at your will.

For instance, if you want to tag all images in a specific folder with the geodata provided by a KML file you can use the following commands:

cd image_folder
exiftool -geotag gps.kml *.jpg

Of course there are far more options and settings available. For all the intricate details surrounding GPS-tagging with exiftool I'd advise you to consult this section of the exiftool documentation.

Installation

exiftool is part of the official Ubuntu repositories and can be installed with the following command:

sudo apt-get install libimage-exiftool-perl

GUI solution

Overview

There are multiple front-ends to exiftool available. GPicSync is one that specializes in Geotagging images. The interface is simple and easy to use:

Having specified the image folder and the GPS file you want to use, you simply click on Synchronize to update the image metadata with GPS tags.

Additional options allow you to set a time offset and to even view your images in Google Earth.

Installation

Installing GPicSync requires manually setting up its dependecies and downloading the python source code. There have been calls to package GPicSync in Ubuntu/Debian, but all available packages are outdated.

Here are the steps you will have to follow to install and set up GPicSync:

Install all dependencies

sudo apt-get install libimage-exiftool-perl python-unidecode python-imaging python-wxgtk2.8

Check out the latest python source

git clone https://github.com/notfrancois/GPicSync.git

Navigate to the cloned folder, make GPicSync executable, and run it:

cd GPicSync
chmod +x gpicsync-GUI.py
./gpicsync-GUI.py

That's it. GPicSync should be up and running. To better integrate the app into your system you could look into creating a launcher for it.

I have tested these installation instructions on Ubuntu 12.04. Package names and dependencies might differ on newer releases.

Converting between different GPS data formats

Overview

One downside to GPicSync is that it only supports two input formats, GPX and NMEA. Compared to exiftool that's very little. However, if need-be you can always convert between different GPS data formats by using GPSBabel. E.g., to convert from KML to GPX you could use the following command:

gpsbabel -i kml -f gps.kml -o gpx -F gps.gpx

Another option would be to use one of the many online converters such as this one.

Installation

gpsbabel is part of the official Ubuntu repositories and can be installed with:

sudo apt-get install gpsbabel

Further reading on gpsbabel usage.


A reformat, by nature, destroys all data on a disk. There's no way of avoiding this.

If you need to change the filesystem on it (e.g. from FAT to NTFS or some other change - I assume something along these lines is the nature of your question?), then by far your best bet would be to back up everything onto another device and then copy back after the reformat.


Although you speak of installing, the Persistant Live mode is easier to use and setup. I do not know about really installing to USB - this should theoretically be possible, but I doubt it will be much faster than the Persistant Live stick, which is painfully slow.

Ubuntu however does not take up much space; I personally use Xubuntu AMD64 and Mint Xfce x86, both with KDE runtimes and LibreOffice installed, and neither has grown beyond 6/7GB.

So I'd recommend you to just use it from the SSD.

But, since you'll need a Live USB stick anyway, I'd recommend you to just use this tool and take any version of Ubuntu you want to try for a test drive: http://www.linuxliveusb.com/en/home  ...and take it from there. I've been using it for ages and have achieved better results with it than with unetbin.

Do note that to use the USB stick in persistant mode, you will need to add persistance in the LiLi tool. There's a big slider there to set the size of it. Just use whatever you have available.


Mixed formatting and language for date and time

I have struggled with this issue in a few cases, and found that calendars are usually not displaying the expected language in case of a mixed locale.

I'm not 100% sure as regards Ubuntu GNOME, but assuming that you want to keep Polish formats for other aspects (number formats, currency symbol, etc.), you may want to add this line to your ~/.profile file:

export LC_TIME=pt_BR.UTF-8

Then, next time you log in, the calendar ought to be consistently in Portuguese.


How can I block "PUA.Http.Exploit.CVE_2015_1692"

I had the same thing after almost every clamAV scan. It is a browser related issue. I'm guessing you're using Firefox? Try different browser and then scan your system. You can also have a look in here:
http://www.bleepingcomputer.com/forums/t/581481/clamtk-analysis/


How to install google protoc by placing binary somwhere in PATH

PATH is searched in order, so if you want the version in your Downloads directory to take precedence over other versions you must place the new path first:

export PATH="/home/tanmay/Downloads/protoc-3.4.0-linux-x86_64/bin/:$PATH"


Connecting two virtual machines together

you need to enable packet forwarding on your router:

sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1


How to Change What Menu Pops up When You Save A File

Not without deep hacking into the system.
Applications are responsible to provide their interface to open or save files. However, for these common requirements, toolkits do provide dialog that applications can call for this function. This eliminates the need for the programmer to implement such dialog himself, and provides a more consistent experience to the user.
Many applications take advantage of this and will call the default dialogs of the toolkit in use by the desktop. Thus, on Ubuntu 20.04, that uses Gnome Shell, many applications will use GTK3 dialogs, even by applications that are developed on top of a different toolkit such as QT or others. Some older GTK2 applications will use GTK2 dialogs. If you move to a Plasma desktop, which is build with the QT toolkit, QT file dialogs commonly will be used.
So in the end, it might be possible to redirect these calls to the standard dialogs to your custom dialogs, but that would require replacing standard libraries by your custom libraries, which would need to expose the same interface to the calling applications.


Partitioning to install linux along side windows (Dual-boot)

First, You have Windows is in EFI mode, thus gpt disks not MBR disks. BE sure your Ubuntu installer boots in EFI mode. you will have much difficulty if you install ubuntu in Legacy mode.

Second, 64GB is really too much for /. Make 20-30 GB for /, 16 GB swap (if you hibernate), and the rest for /home. All will be primary partitions since GPT does not need or use extended partitions.

Third, the EFI bootloader should be installed to the EFI partition (sda2) on the primary disk if both are internal drives. The installer will take care of this automatically.


zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available in spark(ubuntu 16.04 LTS)

Answer to a similar question raised here suggested installing zlib1g-dev in order to solve this error:

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev

More info about zlib1g-dev

  Note: If you have a spark cluster, you might need to install the package on every node in the cluster.