Can't upgrade Ubuntu Studio 19.10 Eoan to 20.04 Focal Fossa

I upgraded yesterday and I typed sudo do-release-upgrade -d And that worked for me.


If you want to stop people accessing a file or folder, encrypting the file with a password is a great way to do it. First either open Archive Manager and click New, or right-click on the folder you want to protect and press 'Compress'.

Then chose a compression format you can encrypt (e.g. .7z, .arj, etc) (under Other Options). Using 7zip compression is good, as then you can encrypt the file list to. Then type the password you want to use.

Then you can add files:

Then you have an encrypted archive with your files secure inside - though it can still be deleted...

You can also hide the compressed file by adding a . to the beginning of the file name, so it only shows when you press Ctrl+H.


1>How does one create a hotspot on Ubuntu Touch ? 2> use a VPN...?

There is no support for a wireless hotspot on the Ubuntu phone images yet. Nor is there support for VPNs. Both will be available at some point in a future over-the-air update.

In the meantime, it should be possible to use the phone for USB tethering, by running android-gadget-service enable rndis in the Terminal app on the phone, or via adb.

For VPN, you could possibly install the OpenVPN packages under your home directory on the phone, and manually enable/disable the VPN via the terminal, as there is no UI for it yet.


E: The package resolvconf needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it

It sounds like you are having a dependency issue, so the following should solve that:

sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get upgrade

install -f will solve dependency issues and help to fix broken packages.

EDIT

Try this to install the package:

cd
wget http://91.189.91.13/ubuntu/pool/main/r/resolvconf/resolvconf_1.69ubuntu1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i resolvconf_1.69ubuntu1_all.deb

This will download the package from a Ubuntu repository that has a DNS issue, hence the IP address rather than a domain name (source: This answer)


No sound in Headphone from front panel audio port in Ubuntu 18.04

I had the same issue. This answer below helped me

Front panel audio jack is not working in Ubuntu 16.04

When you are running Alsamixer, be sure to do these things:

Unmute Headphones by pressing M
Disable Auto mute
Play around with volume levels of "Front", "PCM", etc till you get the sound coming in your headphones (this is what did the trick for me)

Also note that the Headphones volume will continue to show zero in Alsamixer for some reason, but sound will still be there.
If you want a greater degree of control over the mixer, somebody recommended qashctl ..... check it out. For me, Alsamixer did the job, so I didn't bother


Yes, Ubuntu is a highly secure and protected operating system, a number of steps have been taken to ensure that it is a highly secure OS. However, if one visits malicious sites and allows malicious content to enter their system, that is not something the OS or your web browser can prevent.

I've been using Ubuntu as my primary OS for about a year and  a half now, so a large number of hours have been clocked online, purchases have been made online and yet, i don't have an anti virus software installed on my system, so in conclusion I'd say that it is a largely safe OS.


gnome system monitor doesn't show read-write of other applications, or actual CPU usage

I have the same issue as yours. so I removed gnome-system-monitor (3.20.2) in Ubuntu Software and install gnome-system-monitor with sudo apt install gnome-system-monitor (3.28.2) and disk IO works.


Installing Netgear AC600 (model no a6100) Wireless AC Adapter on 16.04

If you are running a 64 bit UEFI system, I believe you are being bitten by the recent change that more strictly enforces Secure Boot.  If you turn off Secure Boot you should be able to perform the step that is failing.


sane stopped working after update to 16.04

After applying these updates, it is now working properly

libsane (1.0.26-git20160710-xenial0, 1.0.26-git20160711-xenial0)

libsane-common (1.0.26-git20160710-xenial0, 1.0.26-git20160711-xenial0)

sane-utils (1.0.26-git20160710-xenial0, 1.0.26-git20160711-xenial0)


connection to pulse audio failed lubuntu 16.04

I was finally able to solve my problem by following this thread

How to reinstall PulseAudio (Ubuntu 12.04)

I used all the commands listed on the first answer and it worked and for people who have trouble with this could possibly find the solution.


Wine by default runs programs as admin within itself, but wine can even be broken by trying to run it as root. Never run it as root. To tell if it is "rooted" just see what command you use to launch it. If it includes "sudo" or "gksudo" or even "kdesudo" you are running it as root. Wine is subject to viruses in the same way a non admin windows account can be. Just make sure what you are running in it is safe and you should be fine.


What are the options for text file previews problem

This is known bug of modern Nautilus - it was reported as bug 1426085 for Ubuntu 14.10 (Vivid Vervet).

This functionality was removed upstream.

Currently it is confirmed on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, 18.04 LTS and so on.

Moreover - Caja, Nemo, PCManFM and Thunar do not provide this functionality out-the-box for text files.

Consider to try Dolphin. To have previews install it with

sudo apt install dolphin dolphin-plugins kdesdk-thumbnailers kdelibs5-plugins kio-extras

It has previews for almost all file-types:

Set previews from Control → Configure Dolphin... → General → Previews and click OK.

Click on Preview button on panel
Navigate to the folder with text file:

Information sources:
1. ArchLinux Wiki - File manager functionality
2. ArchLinux Wiki - Dolphin


Installing fresh Ubuntu on another partition from a Wubi installed Ubuntu

Indeed. I see no reason why you wouldn't be able to do that. It would be much easier if you listed your disks and partitions though. You've mentioned /dev/sda1 and 2, which is used for your Windows and Ubuntu roots. You mention a dedicated partition for /home and you do not mention swap. It would be nice to have a complete overview.

But not having a CD or a bootable USB is not necessarily a problem at all. For instance, you can use UNetBootin from http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/. It will "install" the CD image to your harddrive so that you can boot from it just like a CD or bootable USB (except it will be much faster, of course) and then you can install as normal. I believe that's what they call a "frugal install" since you don't have to throw away any CDs. This should be your preferred solution.

However, if you're interested in the challenge, then it should also be possible to install it manually from the Wubi install. It is not a virtual system, so you will have access to the other partitions in your system. The only one you should not touch, is the Windows partition where your Wubi install resides. So, you should be able to mount the 8.04s root partition, delete everything and copy the root file system from your Wubi install onto that partition, fix things and reboot. I haven't tried this though and there are things you'll have to fix. For instance, Wubi installs have a /host mount point that points to the Windows file system containing the Wubi file system. This will no longer make sense in a real install. You'll also need to update the bootloader. There's probably lots of other small issues. But it should be possible.

Using UNetBootin is quite easy, so unless you're interested in the challenge for the sake of the challenge, that is what you should do.

Good luck, and have fun :)


How to find 64 bit ubuntu 12.04 on this webpage?

ubuntu-12.04.4-desktop-i386.iso — 32-bit architecture
ubuntu-12.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso — 64-bit architecture

Both Intel and AMD processors are supported by both .iso files.

Reference: What are the differences between 32-bit and 64-bit, and which should I choose?


Physical access means you have all the power you need to do anything.  There is no need for an operating system to prevent anything when someone is actually touching the machine.

  This has been convenient for the current problem I'm trying to fix,

As intended.

  but I don't think this is desirable in any other circumstance.

I do not see an explanation why you believe this. Ubuntu, nor any other operating system, should ever hinder someone that can touch a machine.

Simple method: if you put in a Live DVD and boot from it, you can format the whole system without ever having to need to input a password. As it should be.

Even the most "secure" passwords you could set (the BIOS password asked during boot and before any device is accessed) can be circumvented: all motherboards have known default passwords that grant access to the system or using a simple screwdriver, the CMOS battery can be removed or the NVRAM chip can be swapped out.


I had the same problem, switched cursor theme to Mac style then couldn't change it back by Unity tweak tool. but removing the new theme worked for me and managed to get the Dwz-white back again.


Need Information on support for wifi roaming on Linux platform

/sys/module/mac80211/parameters

You can try to lower number of beacon losses to get disconnected from actual AP and try to switch to another by your WiFi card, edit /etc/modprobe.d/wifi-sensitivity.conf and add those lines:
module
options mac80211 beacon_loss_count=1 max_probe_tries=1

Reboot, and check if it makes your WiFi more sensitive to AP signal changes. If not, try add another parameter to the line above: probe_wait_ms=100

On really poor signal these setting may give you no WiFi connection at all, don't panic, just set those limit a little higher, you can use two strategies, keep probe_wait_ms higher (default is 500 but you can go higher) and keep other two options low or the opposite, the two other options higher and probe_wait_ms lower than default 500.

Oh, by the way you can change all those setting "live" without reboots in /sys/module/mac80211/parameters/... directory, for example:
echo 1 > /sys/module/mac80211/parameters/beacon_loss_count
You need to be root for doing this.


Try this:

Start with a mini ISO on a CD or USB stick.
Start the installation.
Choose the default language.
Select the keyboard settings.
Select the geographical configuration.
Wait for the system to configure the network.
Write the name of the host.
Choose the installation mirror for Ubuntu packages.

If you use a proxy server, enter it's details. Otherwise, leave it blank and continue.

Installation of basic packages starts. It will occasionally stop to ask you some details.
After downloading the required packages start partitioning.

I suggest choosing manual and manually create partitions as needed.

When finished partitioning, the system will ask you to confirm the changes made on the computer, including formatting and editing the partitions.
The system will start the download and installation of packages; including the kernel, required for the system to function.
After downloading and installing, configure user accounts, writing full name, username and password.
After analyzing the reply, it will ask if you want to enable automatic updates.

Now comes the most important, the selection of programs:
Do not select anything other than the server!

Then, it will proceed to download and install the files, and then download and install Grub, set the time zone, and warn you when you are ready to restart.

Restarting from the hard drive, it will start in a terminal.

There you can install programs to your needs via apt-get.

Example of installation with minimal Xfce desktop:

sudo su
apt-get update
apt-get install software-properties-common
apt-get dist-upgrade
apt-get install xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core xfonts-base xinit x11-xserver-utils x11-apps x11-session-utils x11-utils xinput xorg lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter oxygen-icon-theme qupzilla flashplugin-installer gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg libcurl3 libnotify4 libtag1-vanilla dkms gvfs gvfs-backends policykit-1 udisks2 synaptic xfce4 xfce4-goodies thunar thunar-volman

dpkg --configure -a
apt-get autoremove
apt-get clean
reboot


Successful dual boot. How do I lauch Windows from within Ubuntu?

As simple you can access windows files in Ubuntu. but you cant load it inside Ubuntu. To load the  windows you have to restart and log in to system.

Or else

you have to try virtualBox to install and run windows as virtual

  Install windows 7 through virtual box


Ubuntu 13.04 will not connect to share network drive

I found this info and it resolved my issue:

We will need to edit the smb.conf and the nsswitch.conf:

add the name of your network example: MSHOME or WORKGROUP ,etc
we will add your computer name, in my case: pst007x-Serval-Professional
change name resolve order
edit the HOSTS in the nsswitch.conf

RUN in Terminal:

sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

EDIT THE smb.conf FILE, add the workgroup and netbios name:

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ##

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of

workgroup = WORKGROUP

netbios name = pst007x-Serval-Professional

NOW FIND:

;        name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

CHANGE THIS LINE TO:

         name resolve order = lmhosts wins bcast host

SAVE AND EXIT

NOW ONE MORE FILE TO EDIT:

sudo gedit /etc/nsswitch.conf

CHANGE THE FOLLOWING LINE:

hosts:          files myhostname mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4

TO:

hosts:          files myhostname mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] wins dns mdns4

NOW RESTART SYSTEM


I was having the same problem (xfce, Ubuntu 16.04 LTS). A report on the lightdm bug tracker suggests removing/commenting out two lines in /etc/pam.d/lightdm, specifically:

auth optional pam_kwallet.so
auth optional pam_kwallet5.so

should become:

#auth optional pam_kwallet.so
#auth optional pam_kwallet5.so

This worked for me! I'm guessing that this might have some effect on auto-unlocking of your KWallet at login, if that's relevant.


How do I install the Mycroft extension in GNOME Shell?

Method 1: Get it from the GNOME Extensions website

The extension is called Mycroft AI Assistant, and is available from the GNOME Extensions website. See this answer from How to install GNOME Shell extensions for instructions on how to install extensions this way.

Method 2: Manual installation

In case Method 1 does not work for some reason, or you prefer to do the installation manually, then there is another installation method involving setting up the extension yourself from a zip archive. Follow either of these sets of steps to install, then proceed to the Configuring the extension section below.

Method 2.1: Manual installation using GNOME Tweak Tool

Download the zip archive located in the dist folder of the GitHub repository. (Visit this link to go straight to this folder in your browser.) At the time of this writing, the zip archive is named mycroft@rahul.io.zip.
Open GNOME Tweak Tool by either searching for it in the Activities overview or by typing gnome-tweak-tool in the terminal. Once it's open, go to the "Extensions" tab.
At the bottom of the extensions list, click the "None" button that's located next to "Get more extensions".
Select the zip archive you downloaded in Step 1, then enable it in the extension list.

Method 2.2: Manually placing the extension in your filesystem

Follow Step 1 from the above section.
Extract the downloaded archive into ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/mycroft@rahul.io/. This can be done by running the following command in the terminal:

unzip mycroft@rahul.io\ -d ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/mycroft@rahul.io/

Restart GNOME Shell. This is most easily done by pressing the Alt+F2 keyboard shortcut, and typing r in the dialog which appears.
Enable the extension. This can be done either by using the GNOME Tweak Tool in a manner similar to that described above, or by simply running the following command in the terminal:

gnome-shell-extension-tool --enable-extension=mycroft@rahul.io

Configuring the extension

Note: After following any method listed above, the extension will need additional configuration in order to work.

Either click the settings button in the extension's top bar, or use the Settings button available for the extension in GNOME Tweak Tool.

Mycroft-core needs to be installed first if not already installed. In the extension settings, set "Installation type" as "Not installed", then click the Install button and follow the instructions.

Regardless of whether Mycroft-core is already installed, you will need to tell the extension where it is located. Use the folder selection dialog to select its directory, and click the "Select Folder" button to confirm.

(Source: GitHub project wiki)


Hardware acceleration doesn't seem to be working on an Nvidia GeForce 8800

I had this issue once when I had installed and the proprietary driver was not installed... Unity set itself to use Unity2D and stayed there even after installing the correct drivers.

I had to run the following command:

unity --reset

and then

unity --replace

Not sure if that will work for your particular case, but my card was a Geforce 8800 GTS 320.


Broke one letter key of my laptop's keyboard and want to remap it on the right Window's key

You might want to try Key Mapper GUI...
https://github.com/sezanzeb/key-mapper
sudo apt install git python3-setuptools
git clone https://github.com/sezanzeb/key-mapper.git
cd key-mapper && ./scripts/build.sh
sudo dpkg -i ./dist/key-mapper-0.6.0.deb
sudo apt -f install  # installs dependencies

Usage instructions are here...
https://github.com/sezanzeb/key-mapper/blob/main/readme/usage.md


How to search for files and file contents with a GUI?

When you use Nautilus, just click search from the top level of your home folder (i.e. where you can see all your folders laid out) and in the search box only enter .pdf (or whatever extension like .txt that you want to find). That's what I do and it just returned me all the pdfs in my home folder. You don't need to use a wildcard or put quotes around the search term in Nautilus search, unlike when you use search programs on the command line.

The gnome-search-tool can be used to search within files- select the home folder or the directory to be searched and then click select more options, and input your search term where it says 'contains the text.' It can be quite slow as it works without an index, but I have used it several times and it has been useful for basic searches.


Toshiba Satellite C850, Wlan, rtl8188ce not working

I'm posting this from my wireless connection, so I hope this will help you. If it crashes before I finish posting the solution or later today I'll let you know!

I went to this page and downloaded the correct drivers package, this one worked for my laptop: RTL8188C_8192C_USB_linux_v3.4.3_4369.20120622 (any one with Linux 3 support should work, I believe).

I think the step I was missing before was "build essential" that is talked about here.
Open terminal and do

sudo apt-get install build-essential

The rest of the instructions follow from that page or the readme; I navigated to the driver subdirectory and ran

sudo su
make
make install
reboot

Hope it works for you too.

Please keep in mind that, in case you update the kernel (check the list in the update manager before hitting "install updates"), you will need to repeat the procedure described above, so it may be better if you don't delete the driver.


Try to open the ubuntu one settings and check for similar files and folders ubuntu wont delete an old file with a newer.


Unity launcher icons have no background colors (Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS)

it seems like you've accidentally changed your default theme to High Contrast Theme and icons

you need to install unity tweak tool and change the theme back to Adwaita (Default)

to install unity tweak tool, paste this in terminal

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

then open unity tweak tool from the dash and change the theme back to default


I typically use pavucontrol to direct audio to various devices and to record from selected outputs.  For instance Chrome is playing to my headset, I can go to the Recording tab after starting an Audacity recording and select 'Monitor Of Headset' for the source.  This will tell Audacity to record what is playing in my headset.

Sometimes you need a device to just pipe audio through, this can be achieved with sudo modprobe snd-dummy and it will create a virtual audio device.  You can't hear anything that is set to play to it, but you can set things to record whatever is playing to it.

Sometimes you want to hear 2 different audio streams but you only want one to be recorded.  In PulseAudio Preferences there is a 'Simultaneous Output' tab that allows you to add another virtual device that will send the audio to all devices.

For your case, you could create a virtual snd-dummy, set both skype and discord to play the audio to it, and set you recording app to record the monitor of it, you will neither hear the convo nor will they hear you (if that is what you meant by muted).  If you want to hear it as well, you only need to set the recorder to listen to your audio output and you don't need snd-dummy or simultaneous devices.

Note that sometimes the device listed for snd-dummy may be confusing, it may show up as 'Built-in Audio' when you already have one, usually the second one in the list is the snd-dummy.

Another Example:
I want to make a Skype call using a sound board and record it at the same time.  I would setup a virtual snd-dummy to record audio for the Skype mic and set the sound board to play audio to the simultaneous output virtual device, which will play it to my headphones and the virtual snd-dummy device.  Then set Audacity to record the monitor of my headphones, which is playing the soundboard and the skype audio, catching the entire convo.  My actual microphone is not configured in the setup so it is not recorded or heard.


Is an internal hdd required to "try ubuntu from disk"?

You can run a live usb or live cd without a HDD installed. There maybe other issues with the computer causing the system to hang. Are there mismatched RAM sticks in the machine? Or is there the possibility that the CPU is overheating, perhaps new thermal paste on the heatsink? There are a number of hardware issues that can cause this sort of issue, but in general a live USB does not need an internal HDD.


nginx configuration to allow allias url to access my current url

This work for me

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name myhostname myhostname1;
    access_log /some/path/access.log;
    error_log /some/path/error.log;
    root /some/path/;

    location / {
        if ($http_origin ~* (https?://myhostname|https?://myhostname1)) {
            add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' "$http_origin";
        }
        #
        autoindex on;
        index  index.html index.htm index.php ;
    }
}

More docs and examples here.

A regex like this may work for all myhostnameXXX where XXX are digits (edited)

if ($http_origin ~* (https?:myhostname([0-9]+)?)) {
    add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' "$http_origin";
}

Also, note that both domains are served by the same block :

    server_name myhostname myhostname1;


Installing Ubuntu 14.04.4 on a Acer TravelMate B116-M results in black screen

After you boot up and the screen is black for some time press CTRL + ALT + F2.

Next, blindly type in your user name and then press ENTER.

Then, type in your password and then press ENTER.

Finally, type in the following command and then press ENTER.

setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=00

To get back to your graphical xsession, press CTRL + ALT + F7.

If this fixes your problem, you may need to do the following after installation.

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Edit these two lines

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

to read as follows:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_osi=Linux"

and then run

sudo update-grub

sources

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1742352

and

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2118083


Maybe you can use the .json backup found inside the ~/.mozilla/firefox/'profile name'/bookmarkbackups/ to search for the websites and then search for expression inside those websites.


How to set cursor position with command/script?

Moving the mouse to a defined (absolute) position

..is simply done by the command (e.g.):

xdotool mousemove 200 200

To move the mouse to the centre of the screen however is a relative command, for which we need to read the screen's information and do some calculations. This is done in the two small scripts below.

Straightforward version (move cursor to the center of the left screen)

To move the mouse to the center of the (leftmost) screen, use the script below:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess

xr = [s for s in subprocess.check_output("xrandr").decode("utf-8").split() if "+0+" in s]
scr = [int(n)/2 for n in xr[0].split("+")[0].split("x")]
subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "mousemove", str(scr[0]), str(scr[1])])

install xdotool

sudo apt-get install xdotool

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as center_screen.py
Run it:

python3 /path/to/center_screen.py

Extended version (optional arguments x, y)

If arbitrary coordinates are optional, use:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import sys

if sys.argv[1:]:
    scr = [sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]]
else:
    xr = [s for s in subprocess.check_output("xrandr").decode("utf-8").split() if "+0+" in s]
    scr = [str(int(n)/2) for n in xr[0].split("+")[0].split("x")]

subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "mousemove", scr[0], scr[1]])

This version will move the cursor to the center of the screen, when run without arguments, or to an arbitrary position, when run with arguments, e.g.:

python3 /path/to/center_screen.py 200 200

Explanation

In the output of the command: xrandr, all we need to find is the string like:

1680x1050+0+0

...which contains the data on the leftmost screen (+0+). both figures in  1680x1050 are then to be divided by two, to be used in:

xdotool mousemove <x> <y>

The line:

if sys.argv[1:]:

is then to decide wether the given arguments should be used or the calculated ones.


While loop only processes the first entry of ssh command

Finally I assumed that, the rest part of the script is okay. Then I followed @dessert's comment and used shellcheck that lead me to the actual issue and its solution:

  SC2095: Add < /dev/null to prevent ssh from swallowing stdin.

So you have to change your script in this way:

ssh -p 2222 "$p" 'who -b' < /dev/null | awk '{print $(NF-1)" "$NF}' >> 'file2'

According to the original answer and thanks to the useful advises, provided in the comments by @EliahKagan and @rexkogitans, the complete script could look as this:

#!/bin/bash

# Collect the user's input, and if it`s empty set the default values
[[ -z "${1}" ]] && OUT_FILE="reboot-indication.txt" || OUT_FILE="$1"
[[ -z "${2}" ]] && IN_FILE="hosts.txt" || IN_FILE="$2"

while IFS= read -r host; do
    indication="$(ssh -n "$host" 'LANG=C who -b' | awk '{print $(NF-1)" "$NF}')"
    printf '%-14s %s\n' "$host" "$indication" >> "$OUT_FILE"
done < "$IN_FILE"

< /dev/null/ is replaced by the -n option of the ssh command. From man ssh:

-n   Redirects stdin from /dev/null (actually, prevents reading from stdin).
     This must be used when ssh is run in the background... This does not work
     if ssh needs to ask for a password or passphrase; see also the -f option.

IFS= read -r line - as @StéphaneChazelas says in his encyclopedic answer - is the canonical way to read one line of input with the read builtin.

The key is that read reads words from a (possibly backslash-continued) line, where words are $IFS delimited and backslash can be used to escape the delimiters (or continue lines). So the read command should be tweaked to read lines.
IFS= changes the internal field separator to the null string, thus we preserve leading and trailing whitespace in the result.
The option -r - raw input - disables interpretion of backslash escapes and line-continuation in the read data (reference).

printf '%s %s' "$VAR1" "$VAR2" will provide a better output format (reference).
LANG=C will guarantee identical output of who -b on each server, thus the parsing of the output with awk will be guaranteed as well.
Note here is assumed there is ~/.ssh/config file and additional parameters as -p 2222 are not needed (reference).

Call the above scrip ssh-check.sh (don't forget to chmod +x) and use it in this way:

Use the default values of the input (hosts.txt) and the output (reboot-indication.txt) files:

./ssh-check.sh

Set custom value for the output file; set custom value also for the  input files:

./ssh-check.sh 'my-custom.out'
./ssh-check.sh 'my-custom.out' 'my-custom.in'

Read this answer to see how the entire approach could be improved.


Both seem to be Hynix memory chips but on the Hynix web site, I can only find the technical specifications of the HMT351S6CFR8C and not the HMT125S6DFR8C, so I cannot compare tech specs to see whether they even can work together there...
However, I found a product catalog on the Hynix web site and that confirms my suspicion: the HMT351S6CFR8C-H9 has a timing of 1333-9-9-9 and the HMT125S6DFR8C-H9 a timing of 1600-11-11-11, so individually they work, (probably because you've got a motherboard that supports both timings) but they're most likely not compatible with each other on your motherboard!.
Sorry to be the harbinger of bad news.
If I were you, I would get 2*4GB HMT351S6CFR8C-H9 chips.  That way your motherboard will have chips with identical timing: it's not so much the size that matters ... but the timing of the chips must be equal!


SMCWUSBS-N3 Ralink RT3070 disconnected wifi

I am surprised you got the driver from SMC to compile at all. Let's try to uninstall it. Please open a terminal and do:

cd ~/Downloads/Release2010

...or wherever you downloaded and extracted the file if not Downloads. Press Tab and let the remainder of the long filename fill in; press Enter.

cd Drivers/Linux

I assume you extracted the RT3070 tar file within.

cd 2009

Press Tab and let the remainder of the long filename fill in; press Enter. Now, finally, we uninstall:

sudo make uninstall

If the original 'make' failed, then there is actually no need to uninstall.

Did you blacklist the native driver?

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

If you do not have gedit, use leafpad, kate, nano or any text editor. If you have blacklisted rt2800usb, remove that line. Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor. Reboot and tell us your symptoms. We'll troubleshoot from there.


How to prevent ubuntu to install the package which is already installed manually by 'make install'?

Not with apt. Install theequivs package to generate meta-packages, and then use dpkg to install kdenlive. Ubuntuforums on this


Installing Ubuntu on a VM | Can anyone help with this warning?

Unless you seriously misconfigured the VM, no, it will not.  I believe most VM's offer a simpler route to just get set up with an OS image: you might want to look into that.  In any case, VM's work to prevent even a malicious program from doing this, so the Ubuntu installer won't.


DNS resolvers speed test? What is my current DNS resolver?

First things first:
systemd-resolved (with the 'd' ) is a service which is your DNS client on your local machine.
systemd-resolve (without 'd' ) is an app that can be used for interfacing with the DNS client.
You can check your currently configured DNS servers with:
systemd-resolve --status
or
resolvectl status
or
cat /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf

127.0.0.53 is your loopback IP which is bounded to your local DNS client.
The file /etc/resolve.conf is symlinked to /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf
which holds this IP. Its purpose is to point applications, which would try to get directly to DNS server, back to the systemd-resolved DNS client.
The command you used, "systemd-resolve protocol" - is attempting to complete the domain with .home and resolve protocol.home - I am not sure how did it work, perhaps you are directly connected to the provider's network and you were able to reach provider's DNS via LLMNR
So how it works
When you are querying for the domain:

DNS client is checking /etc/hosts for static entries
DNS client is checking its cache
DNS client is contacting upstream DNS server configured in /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf
DNS server is checking its cache and if the domain is there, it will reply with IP address
If the DNS server doesn't have this domain stored in the cache, it will perform recursive lookup before returning to your client with the answer.

As you can imagine, there will be significant difference in latency depending on at which stage you will get the address resolution.
The latency will also depend on the current load of the DNS server.
Should you switch to Cloudflare DNS?
Perceived DNS server performance depends on two factors:

How far is the server (IP latency)
How fast can it process your query (is answer cached, is the server overloaded etc)

Cloudflare is claiming to provide safe and secure service. From all my tests it performs better than local ISPs and google's DNS servers. But the tests may have different results depending on location.
You are not loosing anything by switching to different reputable DNS service so you should check the experience for yourself.
What I would recommend is to have at least local caching DNS server (such as one in the router).
Personally I have noticed significant experience improvement, since I have setup my personal recursive DNS server.


Thanks for your hints.

This helped:

sudo apt install gnome-control-center

Strange, that it wasn't installed during upgrade?


How do I get every program that connects to the internet to do so through my VPN?

You need to install java from alternate source such as webupd8team PPA or official Ubuntu PPAs

https://medium.com/@aashimad1/install-android-studio-in-ubuntu-b8aed675849f

Also: how to install OpenJDK java using apt-get.

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-java-with-apt-on-ubuntu-18-04


You should be able to simply uninstall Samba from the software center, or from the command-line by running:

apt-get remove samba-common samba


Try running these commands:

sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get install libmetacity-private0
sudo apt-get install monodevelop


UEFI is a BIOS-replacement (to be short); so no you can't remove UEFI.
What you can do is switch the secure boot option off in UEFI ; this will be enough for having Ubuntu after all on your system.
There is no need to switch to a Windows 7, it will lead you to illegal actions and why should you? W8 provides all you need from Windows (this is not sarcastic mend  lol).

To be short: in UEFI should be an option for switching of the secure boot option. (But there are already laptops that doesn't provide this option, yet minor models)

Ubuntu 12.10 and higher are ideal for setting up a dual boot with W8 (newer kernel with much more support for newer laptops).

12.04 is maybe good enough; this you have to check in a live mode if everything is supported. (12.04.2 has a newer kernel like 12.10 so this should be fine)


problem - upgrade 15.10 to 16.04 , 404 not found

When you go to the update manager, do you have 'New distribution release '16.04' available' message? You can click it and follow the procedure.

If not, you can do it from terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo do-release-upgrade

Edit: Can't find equivalent for desktop, but server guide says do-release-upgrade is recommended:
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/installing-upgrading.html

Also, there's a difference between dist-upgrade and do-release-upgrade as described here


How can i disable autohiding of the top panel in scribes?

A similar question was answered to scribes developers PPA in Launchpad. They have said, It is not possible.

  There's no option to disable the top panel.

Reference


Bash read reads a line from standard input (stdin).
#!/bin/bash

# Do we have any arguments?
if ((!$#)); then
    read -r -p "Input an animal: " input
else
    input="$1"
fi
case "$input" in
    cat)
        echo its a $input
    ;;
    cow)
        echo The $input says moo
    ;;
    *)
        echo This is not an animal\!
    ;;
esac


Unable to login after changing 'root' name in /etc/passwd

Best chance you have is to use the livecd but for that you need physical access to the server.

You need to mount those partitions somehow and remotely you have no choice.

Don't think there is any other options. If you can have physical access to it use the livecd to boot a desktop, mount your HDD and on a terminal type:

sudo nano <pathtoyourmounteddisk>/etc/passwd

Look for a line like this:

root:encryptedpasswordgoeshere:0:0:ALL,ALL:/:/bin/sh

change it to:

root::0:0:ALL,ALL:/:/bin/sh

Reboot

sudo restart

You should now go to single user mode and be able to change the root password.


How to create a keyboard shortcut to rotate the monitor in Unity?

First, install compizconfig-settings-manager. Then open it up by calling

ccsm

Then, there is a keyboard shortcut plugin. You need to enable this plugin and set the plugin here.

Unity itself is a compiz plugin so when the settings in Unity don't work, they usually do in compiz as that is the main engine.


Dual OS onHDD. Standard Linux boot hangs. Safe boot option to retry standard loads fine. what's up?

First does windows boot properly?
If it does then maybe the Grub boot loader just made a mistake somewhere.
With what little information you suppled thats the only thing I can think of.
You can try this, as sometimes it repairs a Grub error.

While Ubuntu is running open the terminal, Type sudo update-initramfs -u

Enter your password when ask for it (don't worry that you do not see any "*'s " just type it)

Let it finish then type sudo update-grub

Enter your password if ask for it

let it finish then close terminal and reboot.


Manually editing GRUB configurations quickly leads to insanity. Fortunately, the GRUB Customizer tool can help, so you may want to check it out.

Be aware, though, that with two Linux-based OSes installed, chances are you also have two GRUBs installed, and they'll both try to control the boot process. You may end up seeing which GRUB version appears at boot change from time to time. Thus, being familiar with efibootmgr (man efibootmgr or Google it to find tutorials, none of which I've yet seen is really all that good) may be helpful. Some people in multi-Linux configurations prefer to use something else, such as my own rEFInd boot manager, which is more distribution-agnostic and adapts on a boot-by-boot basis to what's available. Note, however, that if you install rEFInd, both your distributions' GRUBs may try to take control from time to time. Managing this is covered in this page of the rEFInd documentation.


Yes, it is completely safe to resize your swap and boot partitions (As long as you don't make the boot partition too small.)

A general rule of thumb is that your swap partition should be the same size as the amount of RAM you have in your computer. (In your case, 8000mb)

As a matter of fact, you can technically delete your swap partition altogether. Although this is something I would heavily recommend you not do, it would not cause any significant damage to your system.

Just remember, you will have to resize your partitions from a Live environment, using a partitioning tool such as GParted. If the live environment automatically mounts your swap partition and starts using it, remember to unmount it. In Gparted, you would right-click the swap partition and select "swapoff."

Gparted


How do I set up an Ubuntu server to be the router for two private networks on my network, and do the DHCP addressing?

NOTE #1: This is to set up the most basic setup possible - a straight router for two or more subnets, without restricting cross-subnet traffic at all.  This can be changed with firewall rules to better handle control of individual functions or network access across subnets or outboud to the internet, however that is beyond the scope of this basic "set it up" Q/A pair.

  NOTE #2: At the time this answer was written, Ubuntu did not yet use Netplan for its networking control system for default setups.  This answer was as such written without taking Netplan into account.

You'll need an Ubuntu server with 3 network interfaces, of course, one for the Internet-connected interface, and two private network interfaces.

After that, just follow this guide to setup this server as a router:

(1) Edit /etc/sysctl.conf.  Find and uncomment this line:

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Once you've done this, execute the command sudo sysctl -p to reload the system kernel settings.  This allows the Ubuntu box to now serve traffic across subnets and VLANs via IPv4.

(2) Edit your router box's /etc/network/interfaces to set up the static IP address on the interfaces which serve the private networks.  In this example, I know the interfaces are ens37 and ens38, while ens33 is the primary Internet connected interface on my box.  I'm leaving ens33 alone, but adding ens37 and ens38 configuration stanzas:

# Private Subnet 1
auto ens37
iface ens37 inet static
    address 10.76.100.1
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

# Private Subnet 2
auto ens38
iface ens38 inet static
    address 10.76.101.1
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

Adjust the network addresses and interface names accordingly for your setup.

**Note that if you are using VMware Workstation or similar, and you have vmnet# devices selected in the VM for this, make sure the host system either does NOT have a host-attached device for this vmnet, or that if it does, you use a different address than .1 in the last octet on your router box.

(3) Install the DHCP server software.  We'll configure this in later steps.

sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server

This will permit the router box to serve DHCP requests for your private subnets.

(4) First, copy the DHCP Server config that was installed automatically to a backup file.

sudo cp /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf.dist

(5) Now, we are making that original file blank so we can apply our config.

echo "" | sudo tee /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

(6) Now let's use our config:

# DHCP Server config

# The ddns-updates-style parameter controls whether or not the server will
# attempt to do a DNS update when a lease is confirmed. We default to the
# behavior of the version 2 packages ('none', since DHCP v2 didn't
# have support for DDNS.)
ddns-update-style none;

# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
authoritative;

# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;

# Specify the domain name servers to specify for each subnet.
option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;
option domain-name-servers 8.8.4.4;

# DHCP Subnet configurations

# Subnet 1 - ens37
subnet 10.76.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  default-lease-time 86400;
  max-lease-time 86400;

  range 10.76.100.10 10.76.100.200;
  option routers 10.76.100.1;
  option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
  option broadcast-address 10.76.100.255;
}

# Subnet 2 - ens38
subnet 10.76.101.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  default-lease-time 86400;
  max-lease-time 86400;

  range 10.76.101.10 10.76.101.200;
  option routers 10.76.101.1;
  option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
  option broadcast-address 10.76.101.255;
}

Adjust this config accordingly to your needs, and make sure to update the 'routers' option based on whatever IP address you set above in your network configuration settings.

Once you're done adjusting the file as needed, save the file.

(7) We need to tell the system what interfaces to care about.  Edit /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server, and specify your private network interfaces (in my case, ens37 and 38) in the INTERFACES="" line, so that it'd look like this:

INTERFACES="ens37 ens38"

Save the file.

(8) And now, the firewall rules.  We need to tell the system to permit the thing to work as a router, and set up proper controls and rulesets for this to be the case.  I'm assuming you haven't configured the firewall here, because I'm describing a from-scratch setup.

If you have already set up ufw on this machine, run sudo ufw disable, and then uninstall ufw with sudo apt-get remove ufw.  UFW does not work for what we need, we need the advanced power of iptables directly.  For most routers we should not be using UFW at all.

Make sure we know the interface name for your Internet-connected network interface.  On my example test system, it was ens33, but it may be different on your system.  Make sure we also know the network interfaces for our private networks we're going to be the router for; we need them in here too.
  Setup your iptables as follows with the following commands.  Pay attention to my comments as well:

# Accept localhost traffic (local traffic to the system itself)
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

# Accept all traffic related to established connections
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

# Drop traffic coming from the Internet into our Internet-connected interface (except for traffic related to other established connections)
# Update this to match the interface name of your Internet-connected interface.
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i ens33 -j DROP

# Accept traffic inbound from the local subnets we are acting as a router for.
# CHANGE THESE INTERFACE NAMES ACCORDING TO YOUR SETUP!
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i ens37 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i ens38 -j ACCEPT

# Since we don't want to have our system completely open to the Internet, we need
# to drop all other traffic coming to our network.  This way, we can prevent the
# Internet at large from accessing our network directly from the Internet.
sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

# Add rules to accept forwarding on the interfaces we are doing routing for.
# CHANGE THESE INTERFACE NAMES ACCORDING TO YOUR SETUP!
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i ens37 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -o ens37 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i ens38 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -o ens38 -j ACCEPT

# Add rules to the NAT table to allow us to actually let traffic on the interfaces
# which we are doing routing for go out to the Internet masquerade as our Internet-
# connected interface.
#
# ADJUST THE IP RANGES HERE TO MATCH THE IP RANGES AND THE SUBNETS FOR YOUR OWN
# ENVIRONMENT!  Remember that the IP address of 10.76.100.1 for the router, and
# the netmask 255.255.255.0 is equal to the network range/CIDR of 10.76.100.0/24
# for the purposes of these rules.
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.76.100.0/24 ! -d 10.76.100.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.76.101.0/24 ! -d 10.76.101.0/24 -j MASQUERADE

(9) Install the iptables-persistent package which will allow us to actually remember our iptables rules and load them at reboot.

sudo apt-get install iptables-persistent`

When it asks to save the existing rules, select "Yes" for both IPv4 and IPv6.

(10) Test it!  Set up another system on one of the private networks you've configured, and make sure once it's set up that it can communicate to the Internet and has a configured DHCP address within the private subnets set up above!


As mentioned in one of the comments, if you formatted the partition that contained the MBR, then you won't be able to access your Windows System, because the place where the information about loading OSs has been swept away.

Since it seems that you are not longer interested in having Ubuntu in your machine, you'll need to use your Windows Repair CD, in order to restore your MBR properly.


How to turn on/off keyboard lighting on Dell Inspiron via command line

Dell keyboard backlight files/properties are located in /sys/class/leds/dell:kbd_backlight in which file named brightness has integer value which determine state of keyboard backlight brightness. In my Dell laptop there are 3 states of keyboard backlight.

To turn off:

echo 0 | sudo tee /sys/class/leds/dell::kbd_backlight/brightness

To turn on with low brightness:

echo 1 | sudo tee /sys/class/leds/dell::kbd_backlight/brightness

To turn on with full brightness:

echo 2 | sudo tee /sys/class/leds/dell::kbd_backlight/brightness


I don't know if this file is made for that purpose, I normally use standart cronfunctionality to run jobs regularly, but maybe it is possible.
But, as you can see there is a user-field in this file, so you should also fill it, and after that, to be sure, yoy sould retart cron:

  sudo systemctl restart cron.service


How can I solve this erorr "/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -libpthreads collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status" if i already install pthread library?

Execute below commands to get your program (I placed it in pth.c) compiled:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential

gcc pth.c -lpthread -o pth

And then run it:
./pth

Note: for debugging purposes use gcc pth.c -lpthread --include-directory=/usr/include -o pth --verbose and add output of this command to question body.


Replace Android studio 1.5 launcher shortcut with Android studio 2.0 shortcut

Remove older version Android Studio, it should also delete this misleading launcher. Then try to create AndroidStudio2.0 launcher using one of available here methods: How to add Android Studio to the launcher?


How do I save the name of installed packages on my system in order to restore this state elsewhere?

This command will give you all the installed packages and their respective versions:

dpkg-query -W -f='${binary:Package}\t${Version}\n'

Or even shorter (the above command is the default output for -W):

dpkg-query -W

See dpkg-query man pages for further format options.

To backup and restore your packages, please see this answer.


Hybrid Graphics on Ubuntu 12.04 switching to discrete

I have a HP Pavilion dm4t with ATI 5470 and use Xubuntu 12.04.
Switching works for me with the following procedure.
I should note that I have latest 3.4 kernel from here https://launchpad.net/~francisbrwn9/+archive/kernels

This is how I do the switching:

Logout
CTRL+ALT+F1 to get to console
service lightdm stop

Both cards should be ON, before switching, so next step is:

echo ON > switch

If I want to use Intel then enable it to start on next X start:

echo DIGD > switch

If I want to use Radeon then enable it to start on next X start:

echo DDIS > switch

Then:

service lightdm start
CTRL+ALT+F1 to return to console and logout from it
ALT+F7 or F8 to return to lightdm login and proceed using the selected card


Installed ubuntu on machine with preinstalled win10 and now all is broken :(

Here are a few things to try:

Make sure secure boot is off, it can't boot otherwise
It seems obvious, but try reinstalling ubuntu, try the advanced mode to fiddle around with partitions. Make sure there's a swap partition, root partition and maybe a boot partition (Source)
Try using a different program to write ubuntu to your flash drive and make sure to confirm the checksum is the same as the one on the website.

Hopefully this helps (it probably won't)


3 Wrong Root Password Attempt --> Logout

It depends! If your login greeter honors what is in the pam.d common-auth file, then you can...

Open your common-auth file for editing sudo nano /etc/pam.d/common-auth. Add the following two lines at the very top.

auth    required    pam_tally.so    onerr=fail deny=3
account required    pam_tally.so    reset

(there may be better configuration options for common-auth, but this seems to work; I'd be willing to edit if someone can improve)

To reset the account locks at reboot, edit root's crontab with sudo crontab -e and add the following line at the bottom:

@reboot /usr/bin/faillog -a -r

If you want to send an email, then perhaps it would be best to make a script to run at boot (via root's crontab) that accomplishes everything you want rather than running the command above with root's crontab. The script would look something like this...

#!/bin/bash

# Do check to see if specific account is locked
user=NAME_OF_ACCT_TO_CHECK
failCount=$(faillog -u $user | grep -P "^$user" | awk '{print $2}')

if [ $failCount -ge 3 ]; then
# send your email
# do whatever else you want to do when account is locked
fi

# reset counts
faillog -a -r


How to create a new user with home directory in a different parition

The next I've done without any issues using 20.04 Virtualbox VM by adding additional virtual disk:

$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
n, p, default 1, default 2048, default 20971519, Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB., w - write changes to disk
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
$ sudo mkdir /media/gep
$ sudo blkid to get /dev/sdb1 device's UUID:
/dev/sdb1: UUID="cca82d89-1c50-4dce-a241-a9c0421464ca" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="3191c204-01"
Created the next record in /etc/fstab using the UUID:

UUID=cca82d89-1c50-4dce-a241-a9c0421464ca /media/gep      ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1

$ sudo mount /media/gep
$ sudo adduser test --home /media/gep/test
$ su - test
$ echo $HOME
/media/gep/test
$ pwd
/media/gep/test


I use ubuntu 13.04, and I see poedit 1.5 can be installed simply by

$ sudo apt-get install poedit

ruuning this command

$ sudo apt-cache show poedit | grep "Version"

gives me the following result

Version: 1.5.4-1

Suggestion should be simply install by source, or upgrade.


Make desktop entry for app that requires root privileges

you are looking for pkexec, the replacement for gksu since gnome 3
simply edit your .desktop file with

Exec=pkexec /opt/lampp/manager-linux-x64.run


You are running Ubuntu 13.04. Ubuntu 13.04 has reached it's end of life support on January 27th, 2014, so you will not be able to do install/upgrade anything right now, that's why your apt-get update command is not working.

You should know that if you want to upgrade to 14.04, you have to follow the following upgrade order: 13.04 → 13.10 → 14.04.

You first need to edit your sources to use the "old releases" repositories. You can do this by running the following command:

sudo sed -i -e 's/archive.ubuntu.com\|security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

Now, run the following:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

This will upgrade all the packages to the latest available versions.
Now, try the Ubuntu upgrade:

sudo do-release-upgrade -d

This should work and prompt you to upgrade to 13.10. Do the upgrade, and then go through the same steps again to upgrade from 13.10 to 14.04.

In my opinion, it's just easier to do a fresh install of 14.04 using the ISO file you have, if you know how to do that, that is, and that there's not much data to backup.


apt-get update error for a personal repository

The (stdin) is not a bzip2 file error most probably means that the repository is not available anymore.

Now if you visit http://www.mydomain.nl/ (website for the repository), you will notice that the domain/webhosting expired and the website is not available anymore.

Therefore, unless they fix their website, you can remove the entry from your Package sources.


What is the best configuration of Dell laptop and which data card is compatible with 10.04?

Running 10.04 will be a security risk as of April 2013 as it will no longer be updated.

In answer to your question certified hardware lists can be found here for the entire Dell laptop

Or you can search here by the individual components.

I would recommend that you install 12.04(supported until April 2017).


Black screen after upgrade to Ubuntu 16.04

You can edit the kernel boot parameters in Grub:

Select a boot entry.
Press E to edit it.
Search and move the cursor to the line starting with linux. It should look similar to this:

linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-62-generic root=UUID=404023ea-a6b2-4a92-a325-9488a106328c ro quiet splash

Append a space and nomodeset to that line as suggested by this answer to your linked question (though the order of the arguments doesn't actually matter). Applied to the previous example the result may look like this:

linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-62-generic root=UUID=404023ea-a6b2-4a92-a325-9488a106328c ro quiet splash nomodeset

While you're at it you may also remove quiet and splash to show possible boot messages that may reveal more about the issue.
Press Ctrl+X to boot the currently displayed boot entry.

This doesn't change isn't saved anywhere and only lasts until the next boot but it should allow you to render your system usable enough for further diagnosis and remedies, e. g. to edit the Grub configuration to make this change permanent as suggested in the linked question.


ZSH on Ubuntu - many applications missing from Start Menu

Adding this to /etc/zsh/zprofile fixes the problem.
emulate sh -c 'source /etc/profile'

Only snap applications are missing, and it looks like snap assumes bash to be the startup shell.
Source.


during dual boot of windows and ubuntu windows does not load

There are at least two relatively easy solutions to this problem:

Create a USB flash drive or CD-R version of my rEFInd boot manager (download links for both are on that page). You should then be able to boot to rEFInd, and from there into either Windows or Linux. If this works, you can install the rEFInd Debian package in Linux and it should all work normally.
Run the Boot Repair utility from a live CD. This will re-install GRUB, with any luck in a working configuration vs. the non-working configuration you got when you installed Ubuntu.

In both cases, it's best if you disable Secure Boot before trying. Although Ubuntu officially supports Secure Boot, there are a lot of problems with it. Also, rEFInd works with Secure Boot only if you jump through extra hoops.

If neither of these solutions works, post back with the URL that Boot Repair provides. That will give us a better idea of how your system is currently set up.


Create a DEB package with shared lib dependency and without requiring autoconf

To customize the build steps, specify them in the "rules" file. The defaults should work fine and just call make. Use override_dh_auto_configure, override_dh_auto_build, etc to fix steps that don't do what's expected.

As for boost version, that's an explorative process of working around the system.


How can I fix missing key presses when running Ubuntu as a VM under OSX?

It seems that the keyboard map is incorrect for these keys.
The simplest solution is to make the following corrections via xmodmap:

$ xmodmap -e 'keycode 94 = grave asciitilde'
$ xmodmap -e 'keycode 48 = apostrophe quotedbl'

To have these modifications applied at login you can create a file called .Xmodmap in your home directory with the following contents:

keycode 94 = grave asciitilde
keycode 48 = apostrophe quotedbl


Two shortcuts for BleachBit are created in "Show Applications" space in Ubuntu 20.04

The two shortcuts are intentional. One shortcut is for launching BleachBit as a normal user, but the normal user cannot clean system files under /usr and /var, so the second shortcut launches BleachBit as root to clean those other files. Assuming you want to clean everything, you need both.

If you still want to delete a shortcut, look for its .desktop file under /usr/share/applications.

By the way, you also posted this question today on another site, and this can create extra work by having multiple people answer a single question.


USB thumb stick with live Ubuntu 18.04 and persistence has stopped working after out of memory error and shutdown

Before putting a lot of effort into fixing the persistent USB, consider a full install to a USB instead.  Persistent installs lack certain important things, like kernel security updates.

There are lots of suggestions from a Google search on:

  free up space on an Ubuntu persistent USB

Your options:

Use a bigger persistent file if less than 4G.
Use a Persistent partition for larger than 4G storage.
Use a home-rw file for up to 4G more storage,
Cleanup the existing persistent storage.

The persistent storge file just contains a ext filesystem, which may be mounted with the loop option.  Remove things like /var/log files, /var/cache/apt/archives deb files, etc.  A new (larger?) file may be created (empty), moutned, then filled with the old information.


What can cause my .profile file to not be loaded when a new terminal shell is initialized?

Looks like this was answered before. You have to be aware of the loading priorities of the files.

[EDIT]

You Have two options:

(Not Recommended) Get your terminal to start as a login shell:

open a terminal
Go to Edit -> Profile Preferences -> Title and Command
activate the "Run Command as a login shell" checkbox
This way your .profile is read. But it also messes up the default loading behavior so I would recommend:

Edit or create ~/.bashrc!

Look here for a good explanation about the difference between .bashrc and .bash_profile


Run Ubuntu Alongside my current OS(Windows Vista)

Having two operating systems on a hard disk is called "dual boot". It is much easier to install Windows first and Ubuntu afterwards, because Windows tends to overwrite the complete bootloader.

You don't need to do something special, just download and install Ubuntu. You will be asked if you want to run Ubuntu along side of Windows. The procedure is also covered in the community documentation.


How to fix "No previous changelog" failure in Launchpad's PPA auto-builds?

The You have not informed bzr... message is just noise (it's occurring because the buildds connect over http), and is irrelevant.  Your actual problem is this:

bzr: ERROR: No previous changelog to take the package name from, and --package not specified: debian/changelog was not present.
RUN: /usr/share/launchpad-buildd/slavebin/scan-for-processes ['/usr/share/launchpad-buildd/slavebin/scan-for-processes', 'd32285173fe3adb998c9dc6e2664f76ffd961367']

You need to merge in a packaging branch that contains an appropriate debian directory including a debian/changelog.  If the thing you're packaging is already in Ubuntu you can often just merge from that, but as bugzilla4 does not seem to be in Ubuntu yet, you will probably need to create a new packaging branch.  It will probably be easier if you do that in Launchpad in Bazaar so that it can eventually become the main packaging branch, and you might be able to start from the lp:ubuntu/bugzilla branch, depending how much they've changed from 3 to 4.


Price information is displayed in the webpage by a js script using API and json
That is why the price text is not present in the source code of the webpage
A browser web dev tools will show that the price -and more info as stock- comes from a json response https://www.walmart.ca/api/product-page/price-offer
Since those kind of process can be secured by authentication and cookies and since wget and curl cannot download the json file, an idea will be to register and use the Wallmart API
https://developer.walmart.com/
But it seems that the API is for partners vendors

Another idea would be to reverse the public Webpage build process to send a well formed API request...


The device bluetooth ralink rt3290 is not recognized on my laptop hp pavilion g4-2240br

The default wifi drivers provided on Ubuntu 13.04 don't work very well and there are no drivers currently available for the bluetooth on the rt3290 chip on 13.04 due to modifications in kernel and unavailability of an updated driver.

However, you can switch back to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Long Term Support till 2017). The proprietary drivers perform really well on 12.04, here's a link to my blog : Setting Up Wifi and Bluetooth on 12.04 LTS

It explains all the steps required to successfully setup bluetooth and wifi on 12.04 LTS. Feel free to leave any comments or questions :-)


Ubuntu 18.04 hangs when using Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Thunderbird

There was a documented, since resolved GNOME problem with memory leaks in 18.04 LTS. Details on its resolution are in Bug 1763878 and 1672297. It has also been resolved in 18.10 and 19.04. 16.04 LTS uses Unity, not GNOME, and therefore does not exhibit the issue.


Spyder 3 kernel needs to be restarted after each execution

Try that:

open Spyder and then click Tools
then click Reset Spyder to factory defaults.

If it doesn`t help, try this instead:

open the terminal
then enter sudo pip install -U spyder.


Your flash drive is mounted to /mnt, that's why you don't see it as a separate "disk".
Run
sudo umount /mnt
sudo mkdir /media/usb_drive
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/usb_drive

But you can run the first command only, unplug the device and plug it again to let it automount.


what is the difference between "python -v" and "python -V" when run in ubuntu/trusty64?

From man python:

-v     Print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place (filename or built-in module) from
              which it is loaded.  When given twice, print a message for each file that is checked for when searching
              for a module.  Also provides information on module cleanup at exit.

-V ,  -version
      Prints the Python version number of the executable and exits.

Long story short

python -v: when you execute python -v several modules will be loaded in anticipation of the work for which python is to do for you, python alone will get you the python prompt but will not show you the loaded modules and their file location, so python and python -v are in a way equivalent but the latter is more verbose as it shows what gets loaded and unloaded on exit. With this you can see what modules are available to you for work in python.
python -V: simply just prints the version number and exits with no python prompt.


How force remove when post-installation script always fail

You may need to manually remove the package using:

sudo dpkg --purge --force-all package

Replace package with the name of the package.

Do note: its recommended to report a bug if the package is not yours or is unknown to you what the script does.


"Disk drive for dev/mapper/cryptswap 1 is not ready"

I had the same issue. Eventually it turned out that the device in /etc/crypttab was wrong.

The system was installed from a USB pen-drive, so during installation the pen-drive was /dev/sda and the hard disc was /dev/sdb. The swap partition was hence written into /etc/crypttab as /dev/sdb6.
After booting from the harddrive this became /dev/sda6 and the mapper could not find it any more.

To fix this just correct the line in /etc/crypttab to the correct /dev/sd?? or the UUID of the swap partition.


Install openjdk1.7 u79 package that was downloaded by terminal

First read the whole answer, it's possible, that the last part is enough.

This line

JAVA_ HOME= / usr/ local/ java/ jdk1.8.0_20

and this error message

Error alternative Path / usr/ local/java/ jdk1.7.0_79/ bin/ java doesn't exist

says me, you should use

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_79

and this PATH definition

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin

and

sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java" 1

Ok here is the complete block

sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/java
cd ~/Downloads
sudo tar xf jdk1.7.0_79-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/java
sudo -H gedit /etc/profile

Add the following lines

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_79
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME
export PATH

Save the file and start

sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java" 1

Or install the package, the easiest way to install OpenJDK is

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk
sudo update-alternatives --config java

or Oracle Java

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer
sudo update-alternatives --config java


This helped me install 16.04 on my msi CX61 2PC with Windows 10 installed:
Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI


I installed gnome-control-center from command line. It is saying 'Unable to init: could not connect: connection refused'

If the goal is to change the colour preferences for WSL to something more readable, you can do it all in Windows like this:

Start your WSL shell (if it's not already running)
Right-click title bar of the shell and select "Properties"
A dialog will appear, and you will need to:

Select "Screen Text"
Select the box that is the colour you would like to change
Set the RGB value of the box to something that is better for you
Press [OK]

Following these steps will change the colour in the console palette to something much more readable.
Note: If you use vim, you will need to change those colours separately. This answer on U&L explains exactly how to do it.
Hope this gives you what you need


Wireless won't stay connected. Macbook Broadcom 4321 wireless card. Lubuntu 19.10

Here are several steps that I recommend. First, disable power saving in Network Manager; from the terminal:

sudo sed -i 's/3/2/' /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/*

Next, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Then set your regulatory domain explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:
Code:
    sudo nano /etc/default/crda

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save (Ctrl+o followed by Enter) and close (Ctrl+x) the text editor.


Sudo is not asking for password on Ubuntu 16.04

You had a NOPASSWD rule applied to your user in some file in /etc/sudoers.d. Use sudo grep NOPASSWD /etc/sudoers.d -R to find out which.

Your /etc/sudoers is not the default, however. The default sudoers can be obtained by looking at the sudo package:

$ apt-get download sudo
Get:1 http://mirror.cse.iitk.ac.in/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 sudo amd64 1.8.16-0ubuntu1.1 [389 kB]
Fetched 389 kB in 0s (4,750 kB/s)
$ dpkg-deb --fsys-tarfile sudo*.deb | tar x ./etc/sudoers
$ cat etc/sudoers
#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of
# directly modifying this file.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#
Defaults    env_reset
Defaults    mail_badpass
Defaults    secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"

# Host alias specification

# User alias specification

# Cmnd alias specification

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives:

#includedir /etc/sudoers.d

This is rather different from what you have. Restore /etc/sudoers to the default.

For excluding specific commands from requiring a password, see How do I run specific sudo commands without a password?


Installation guide for multiple servers using Cockpit

Cockpit is in development, and it is a Red Hat sponsored tool - it is not clear today it will manage Ubuntu.

Cockpit's documentation is sparse at the moment as it is undergoing rapid development - you can read the source, but that's about it for now.

Options to manage multiple Ubuntu servers are tracked in this question Options for managing multiple Ubuntu installations together

Finally, if you are after machine deployment instead of machine management, you should have a look at MAAS.


Can we set up a shortcut to run latex in LibreOfiice?

The key combination is Alt + L.

To change it to (for example) Ctrl + E, you can use xdotool: with which you can simulate (a.o.) keys or key combinations:

Install xdotool:

sudo apt-get install xdotool

Then open your keyboard settings: "System Preferences" > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts"
Add the following command:

xdotool key Alt_L+key l

give it the shortcut combination Ctrl + E (click at the right side of the row)

Then it should work.


Brightness keys don't work anymore after upgrade from 13.10 to 14.04 on Thinkpad L430

I found a solution to my issue.

This one worked for me

Create this config file

sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

And add the following contents:

Section "Device"
        Identifier  "card0"
        Driver      "intel"
        Option      "Backlight"  "intel_backlight"
        BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection

Brightness keys work after reboot


How do I install a tar or zip or bz2 file?

When installing a common piece of software on a widespread distribution, you'll probably be better off using the system's package manager than installing from a source tar.  On ubuntu,

sudo apt install filezilla

or, for the GUI version, select 'Ubuntu Software Center' from your Applications menu; type 'filezilla' in the search box, and then click on the filezilla icon.


steps to create DD image file from usb and restore image to a DIFFERENT usb

You cloned "sdc1" which is a single partition however it sounds like you are attempting to clone an operating system which means you also need the boot-programs.

The location of that information will vary depending on how you have things setup. For example if you are using an MBR partition table then it's stored in the drive MBR, if you are using GPT with BIOS then it's stored in the drive's protected MBR, if you are using GPT with UEFI then it's stored on the ESP, and if you are chain-loading then you could have boot-data on a partition MBR, and the drive MBR.

DD can be used to clone MBR sectors, or an ESP. Alternatively you could just clone the entire drive to save yourself the trouble of making multiple images. I personally recommend avoiding the cloning of MBRs as I've only tried it once, and without success. ESPs or entire drives have always worked fine for me no problem.

My examples below use the creation of an image, and then restoring from it since that's the approach that you are using, but for the record if you can connect both usb sticks to the computer at once you can directly clone from 1 to the other without making an image.

Steps:

Backup Drive MBR & Partition Table:

In terminal type "sudo -i".
In terminal type "dd if=/dev/sda of=/media/location/backup.img bs=512 count=1".

Restore Drive MBR:

In terminal type "sudo -i".
In terminal type "dd if=/media/location/backup.img of=/dev/sda bs=446 count=1".

Backup Partition MBR & Partition Table:

In terminal type "sudo -i".
In terminal type "dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/media/location/backup.img bs=512 count=1".

Restore Partition MBR:

In terminal type "sudo -i".
In terminal type "dd if=/media/location/backup.img of=/dev/sda1 bs=446 count=1".

Backup An ESP:

In terminal type "sudo -i".
In terminal type "dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/media/location/backup.img".

[This process is exactly the same as cloning any other partition.]

Restore An ESP:

In terminal type "sudo -i".
In terminal type "dd if=/media/location/backup.img of=/dev/sda1".

Backup A Partition:

In terminal type "sudo -i".
In terminal type "dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/media/location/backup.img".

Restore A Partition:

In terminal type "sudo -i".
In terminal type "dd if=/media/location/backup.img of=/dev/sda1".

[RECOMMENDED ACTION] Backup A Drive:

In terminal type "sudo -i".
In terminal type "dd if=/dev/sda of=/media/location/backup.img".

[RECOMMENDED ACTION] Restore A Drive:

In terminal type "sudo -i".
In terminal type "dd if=/media/location/backup.img of=/dev/sda".

Notes:

It's recommended that DD be run as root, not sudo as otherwise interruptions could potentially occur. On Ubuntu this is difficult given you cannot login as root.
When restoring MBRs you can use 512 or 446. 446 will just restore the MBR (where your boot-strap code & boot-loader are written). 512 will restore the MBR and the partition table.
You don't have to make an image; you can clone directly from source to destination.

Sources:

http://postbin.per.red/pages/article22/page.php
http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-copy-mbr/

Additional Resources:

This isn't about DD, but it discusses boot-loaders: Proposal For A New Tag & Synonym Tags To Help Prevent Misuse Of The Bootloader Tag?


I believe that this thread will help you. It has detailed instructions for the installation process and you can seek further help there. As for the error you are experiencing did you do the initial Xserver config via the command in terminal sudo aticonfig --initial -f
 ?

I hope that helps. By the way I myself own a  HP Sandy bridge laptop with discrete 6xx Radeon card. I tried installing the drivers and everything works fine, but when I try to switch from discrete to HD 3000 unity does not load after the reboot. It seems that the Intel card has some problem with Unity/Compiz at start up if the discrete card is enabled. This problem is described on the last pages of the above thread.(You can try and see if it works for you). Good luck.


How do I logout using only the keyboard?

Creating custom keyboard shortcuts:
For 12.04 LTS and later:
To add a new shortcut open System Settings -> Keyboard and choose the Shortcuts tab:

Press the '+' sign on the bottom left to enter the name of your custom shortcut and the command you want to run (e.g. gnome-session-quit --logout --no-prompt). After having applied this you are able to select the line of your new shortcut. Then press the desired key combination. In case the key combination already exist we will have to delete this first.
For 14.04 LTS and later:
In a default Unity session the new logout dialog is presented needing another at least two keystrokes to select poweroff from the menu:

The old dialog with a 60 s timeout will only be displayed in a gnome-flashback session.


hashtag and otherrs like at-key not working

In your system settings you have a "Keyboard" section where there is an option to change the "layout" of the keyboard.
Make sure that the layout selected corresponds to the layout of your physical keyboard.


How do I set the scaling of my lightdm to 1?

Looks like this is a bug in the unity-greeter, which is being worked on:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity-greeter/+bug/1571640

When you want to use the onscreen keyboard from the accessibility menu in the login screen:

make sure it is turned off (reboot if necessary, because it's not visible)
enable onscreen keyboard (then it's scaled correctly and visible)
enter your password (but do not press enter)
disable the onscreen keyboard in the accessibility menu again
press the right arrow in the password field to login

I'm using my Surface Pro 3 (with the tigerite kernel) mainly without the type cover attached, and often use symless (synergy). So I have to login with the touchscreen until synergy is autostarted.


Nodemailer not working with local smtp server

You'll have to add the code to listen to the echo, then:
const auth = {
user: "email@email.com",
pass: "password"
};

const transporter = require('nodemailer').createTransport({
host: "smtp.<ourserver>.com",
port: 587,
auth
});

transporter.verify(function (error, _) {
    console.error(error);
}

const data = {
        to: "<to@email.com>,
        from: 'User Name <' + auth.user + '>',
        date: "<date>",
        subject: "Subject"
    };
transporter.sendMail(data, (response) => {});


suspend and hibernate not working after updating ubuntu 14.04 in amd processor laptop?

This is the problem of your drivers of graphic card so you can update it by following commands:

sudo apt-get install fglrx-amdcccle-updates
sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates

but this will work for AMD Radeon, you need to find out for your graphics driver, you can easily find these packages from synaptic package manager.


Use internet in non-browser application in Ubuntu under proxy

Use export HTTP_PROXY=

Setting proxy from terminal

and follow this documentation on Ubuntu help wiki


Blender causes my screen backlights to flicker

Can you please give me more details?

It may be a driver problem that you can solve the following way:

sudo apt-get install fglrx

If you have already AMD propietary drivers uninstall them first or:

sudo apt-get upgrade fglrx

Hope this information solved the problem.


(I am not an expert of this sort of thing, so take this with a grain of salt.)

You might try using the Live CD to see if you can do what you want with the OpenSuse partition in Ubuntu, and if everything works like you want it to you can do a manual installation with the same CD to leave the OpenSuse partition intact. You can get the ISO to burn to the CD from http://www.ubuntu.com/download.

If it were me I would install Ubuntu fresh and move files from OpenSuse over to Ubuntu, but that is only because I do not understand partitioning well enough.

Definitely give the Live CD a try though. You will probably be surprised what you can do with it.


zlib_1.2.9 not found required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng16.so.16

After I did some trial and error, I found something that makes it work mysteriously. On some other application, people said that running GUI application should be running on gksudo, which could be installed on

sudo apt install gksu

instead of sudo. I wonder if this would fix the problem of yours.


Edit the file /etc/hostname.

From man 5 hostname:

  It should contain a single newline-terminated hostname string.


Bootable USB Template
Sudodus, the creator of mkusb has been kind enough to make a template for creating bootable ISO files.
https://phillw.net/isos/linux-tools/uefi-n-bios/dd_grub-boot-template-for-uefi-n-bios.img.xz
This template creates BIOS and EFI Boot partitions and installs GRUB. It leaves the rest of the disk open and ready for whatever you need booted.
The grub.cfg file is set up to boot ISO files but can be modified to boot anything GRUB2 will boot.
If you are using Windows and have 7zip installed, Rufus or Etcher will install this template directly, otherwise the .img file should be extracted from the .xz first.
If you are using Linux, mkusb will install the image without needing to extract the .img file first.

If created using Rufus/Etcher reinstall GRUB for BIOS boot:
sudo mount /dev/sdx2 /mnt
sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/sdx


IF you installed using the script, you will have the file fglrx-uninstall.sh for uninstalling the ATI drivers.

To do that, run "sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh" in a terminal.

When done, run "fglrxinfo" from a terminal and it should say it's not installed.


This is because when you type "ubuntuserver01" you are asking the DNS to look for a TLD with that name, try appending ".local" (only works if you router actually does this sort of mapping).

In other words, if you want that to work you need to add a mapping on your router. Or, this isn't recommended for a simple tasks, change your DNS settings on Windows to point to another server that knows this mapping. The "other" DNS would be one you own.

The mapping would be something similar to this:

  "ubuntuserver01" -> "192.168.1.104"

Please also note that when and if you do create your own DNS server, you still need to make sure the all the TLD's and other common mappings are in your new configurations along with this new one. Failing to do so will block your Windows machine to be able to resolve any website and will basically be blocked off from the internet.


As mentioned here, this is a bug. Though there is no ultimate fix for it, but this command can solve the problem temporarily:

initctl restart unity-panel-service

It works for me. Hope it be useful for you as well


Player to set short-keys for 1-second ahead/back jump?

It looks like you have mplayer installed already. If you don't mind using that, you can add controls for seeking forward and back 1 second.

Edit/create either your global- or user- input config file: /etc/mplayer/input.conf or $HOME/.mplayer/input.conf. Then add these lines:

LEFT seek -1
RIGHT seek +1

You'd think that SMPlayer would also honour these controls or have an input.conf file of its own, but as far as I can tell, it does not.


The easy way out would be to reinstall.

First create a bootable CD/DVD of another Linux distribution such as Kali Linux, Linux Mint or Ubuntu

Then boot from the CD/DVD and you should be able to access your files on the hard disk. Copy any important files to a USB Stick or a Cloud Storage service (OneDrive, Google Drive, Mega, Dropbox etc), you may also want to backup your home folder (/home/"username") aswell so after reinstalling you will get most of your personal settings.

Then reinstall by using either that same CD/DVD to reinstall or make another Ubuntu CD/DVD and reinstall.

Hope this helps!

Linux4Life - Linux at your fingertips


W: Problem unlinking the file lists - Clean (21: Is a directory) Error when running 'sudo apt-get update'

You can delete all files in /var/lib/apt/lists/ and re-run apt-get update.


Grub rescue after udpating to Ubuntu 16.04

Easiest and hassle free solution is to install ubuntu again and do a wipe, since you said you not necessarily need to access data on this machine.


I am unable to connect my Samsung GT-S7562 with data cable

make sure the USB debugging mode under Developer options is unchecked. Now, it is time to open the terminal (CTRL +ALT+T) and install MTP tools

sudo apt-get install mtp-tools mtpfs

When the installation is finished, connect your Android device to your Ubuntu box and Ubuntu Linux will recognize the device.

See more here


Any file manager that can XOR two home folders?

What you're doing (attempting to sync a WSL and true Ubuntu install perfectly) is very dangerous and should not be taken lightly, if it's even possible. Config/system differences between the two OSes can cause massive problems depending on how things happen. See here for what happens when people do similar things with VirtualBox.

Only worse things can happen with WSL, and this will only be exaggerated by trying to sync all files except those on a blacklist. You're essentially asking for trouble here.

That said, what you want to do (merge folders without overwriting existing files) is extremely simple and is already supported by pretty much every major file manager (and the command prompt).

Note that this will not work automatically. You will have to manually trigger them, though I suppose you can use some creative abuse to make it semi-automatic. Do note that all of the former caveats will apply.

Plain old cp can do this with the -n option:

┌─[16:57:35]─[kazwolfe@firewolf]
└──> /tmp/xor-terminal % tree
.
├── folder-a
│   ├── a
│   ├── b
│   └── d
└── folder-b
    ├── a
    ├── c
    ├── e
    └── k
        └── j

3 directories, 7 files
┌─[16:57:41]─[kazwolfe@firewolf]
└──> /tmp/xor-terminal % cat folder-a/a
Hello World A
┌─[16:57:43]─[kazwolfe@firewolf]
└──> /tmp/xor-terminal % cat folder-b/a
Hello World B
┌─[16:57:54]─[kazwolfe@firewolf]
└──> /tmp/xor-terminal % cp -nR folder-a/* folder-b/
┌─[16:58:00]─[kazwolfe@firewolf]
└──> /tmp/xor-terminal % cp -nR folder-b/* folder-a/
┌─[16:58:03]─[kazwolfe@firewolf]
└──> /tmp/xor-terminal % tree
.
├── folder-a
│   ├── a
│   ├── b
│   ├── c
│   ├── d
│   ├── e
│   └── k
│       └── j
└── folder-b
    ├── a
    ├── b
    ├── c
    ├── d
    ├── e
    └── k
        └── j

4 directories, 12 files
┌─[16:58:07]─[kazwolfe@firewolf]
└──> /tmp/xor-terminal % cat folder-a/a
Hello World A
┌─[16:58:09]─[kazwolfe@firewolf]
└──> /tmp/xor-terminal % cat folder-b/a
Hello World B

Alternatively, if you want to use the GUI, that is also doable with plain old Nautilus. Just drag and drop the contents of one to the other, and you'll see this prompt on the first conflicting file. Just hit Apply this action to all files and then Skip:

┌─[17:01:33]─[kazwolfe@firewolf]
└──> /tmp/xor-gui % cat folder-a/a
Hello World A
┌─[17:01:34]─[kazwolfe@firewolf]
└──> /tmp/xor-gui % cat folder-b/a
Hello World B

If you want to experiment a bit (actually, a lot), you might be able to abuse something like aufs or OverlayFS. Effectively, you'd set up your "base" filesystem to the common filesystem (likely going to be your Ubuntu root). Then, you'd have a second layer containing WSL-only changes. Have the WSL-only layer be read-only, and everything else pass through to the base filesystem. Of course, this is all theoretical and you will have to do a lot of research to see if something like that is even possible.

If you only want "major" folders synced between OSes (for example, Documents, Music, Desktop, etc.), just create a symlink from one to the other. My old Ubuntu config back when I dual-booted had my ~/Documents folder symlinked to the Windows equivalent. This can be done, of course, with something like ln -s. Note that you may need to muck around a bit with permissions on mounts or use bind mounts.


Getting 'Release is not valid yet' while updating ubuntu docker container

Restart docker (or your computer to be certain) as the system clock is mismatched.

I spent few hours trying to figure what was going and restarting fixed it instantly.


Shouldn't System-Settings-->Display "see" the monitor correctly?

It's no problem that the monitor is detected as "Laptop". I have this too on a system that runs perfectly.

I wouldn't recommend to remove the proprietary driver, because that could mean that you couldn't use Gnome 3 / Unity anymore. I don't think that the driver has something to do with Shutdown problems.


How can I reset mysql-server-8.0 root password on Ubuntu 20.04?

Apparently I was on the wrong track. I simply needed to login via

$ sudo mysql -u root

So not the -p option. No password required.


Is Chromium in Ubuntu's repository safe to use since it's so out of date?

The version in the archive is current Chromium 18, that's three major stable releases behind Google Chrome, so yes, it is vulnerable for every issue Chrome has fixed in the past three releases.

Since Chromium is in universe it's really a manpower/best effort issue, whereas Firefox is in main and gets full security team support. Another option is to build/download your own Chromium or use Google Chrome, which is updated on Google's schedule. Personally I use Chrome.

What's the difference between Google Chrome and/or Chromium? What are the advantages/disadvantages to each?

Some other options:

How to properly Install chromium from zip and make it the default browser?
Active PPA for latest stable chromium? - This one has a disadvantage that you get new chromium but you need to enable the webapps PPA, which means you're beta testing something that isn't finished yet.


The "edit" option is missing from the Ubuntu Software installer

The option for adding repositories is not in Ubuntu Software. It is in Software and Updates option in the system settings


How to upgrade Virtualbox 5.1 to current version (Win10 Guest)?

For me always the easiest VirtualBox install was with the Oracle Repository.

add that repository with

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian $(lsb_release -cs) contrib"
sudo apt update

remove previous VirtualBox release versions to be able to upgrade to VirtualBox 6.0:

sudo apt remove virtualbox*

Your virtual machines will not be deleted by this.
install virtualbox from the Oracle repository:

sudo apt install virtualbox-6.0

This will install the last update of the 6.0. release (which presently would be 6.0.2). Later updates with bugfixes will be automatically offered and installed by our package management until releas cycle 7.0. will be present which again would require to remove 6.0 versions.

The virtual machines you had created will remain untouched and freely accessible but you will have to upgrade the guest additions and extension packs, only if you had used them.


I never got aspera plugin to work correctly with Ubuntu 14.04, but I did manage to get ascp to work. It work much like scp, but uses the proprietary aspera protocol.

After installing the "Aspera connect plugin", just go to ~/.aspera/connect/bin/ and type ./ascp -h for usage instructions.

I know it's not the answer you were looking for. It's just a workaround, but in my experience, the CLI client is able to do everything the desktop client does.

Disclaimer: I don't personally understand why someone would use the proprietary aspera instead of something open like "rsync", but it seems to be becoming very popular among biologically oriented web resources.


Complaining on this site did'nt help at all other than being pointed for 'law breaking' and getting answers for questions that were removed by the moderator from the moderator hinmself(Now thats what we call irony.).Anyway I found a solution to my problem.As I doubted it was the problem of the unity.I could open my account using openbox.After that I only had to reinstall ubutnu-desktop for the problem to be solved.One thing the world of linux(And the reason why I am using it even when all else in my state uses windows.) has teached me is that you are always your best teacher here.


Unable to install the 64-bit version of Ubuntu on both a Dell XPS 15z or a Dell XPS 8300.

If you have a 32-bit Ubuntu install CD which boots with no problem but the 64-bit does not boot, the most probable answer and first thing to check is if the 64-bit CD is faulty in some way.

Please take a look at the troubleshooting suggestions listed on the BootFromCD help page.

In particular, open your 64-bit install media in any file manager. Does it look like the example below?


Laptop not coming back from sleep after lid close

NVMe SSD suspend/resume is a know bug
This problem has been reported on Launchpad and ArchLinux. The solution is to edit /etc/default/grub with sudo powers and find the line:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpiphp.disable=1"

Your options will be different but add the option acpihp.disable=1 between the double quotes.
Save the file then reboot. Now suspend and resume will work.
What does acpiphp.disable=1 do?
According to the kernel developer in 2013 this disables ACPI hot-plugging. However that doesn't mean hot-plugging is disabled on your machine. For example, replugging the USB cord to your Android phone brings up Nautilus to view files as it should. Also power cycling a second TV connected to your laptop via USB-C ThunderBolt 3 to Displayport to HDMI adapter reorganizes windows across workspaces as it should.
Proposed permanent fix
A few days ago a permanent fix was proposed in kernel 4.15.0-23 by someone who is probably a Ubuntu Developer.


How can I set up aptitude-curses so that it doesn't automatically select *recommended* packages?

Try: access the menu, ctrl+t, and navigate to the 'options' then 'preferences'  then scroll down to the 'Dependency handling' section, and deselect 'install recommended packages automatically'.


How to access hard-drive from Ubuntu in VirtualBox

You can create a shared folder between your host and virtual machine. It is described here:

https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html#sharedfolders


linux command to prevent dos attack by using netstat and iptables

Well you can not prevent ddos, and 200 requests is rather trivial.

Best you can do , IMO, is to set limits

sudo iptables -A INPUT -m limit --limit 50/minute --limit-burst 200 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -j REJECT

For port 80, use

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW -m limit --limit 50/minute --limit-burst 200 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -m limit --limit 50/second --limit-burst 50 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -j REJECT

You should be able to adjust those limits to your server.

See: http://blog.bodhizazen.com/linux/prevent-dos-with-iptables/


I don't know where you read that 16.04 is "full of bugs".  What I do know though, is that I have been using it since April 23 and apart from that appstreamcli bug that appeared a few days ago and was fixed right away (and of course it was not a Xubuntu related bug) I haven't seen any reason why someone should stay away from it.

If on the other hand, you prefer to use a safer strategy, you can install 14.04, wait until 16.10 is released (October 2016) so that its kernel will also be available to 16.04 as an official hardware enablement upgrade and install 16.04 by that time.

Personally, I prefer installing new releases from scratch instead of upgrading older ones because upgrades do produce bugs sometimes.


How do I access the grub/ Ubuntu after installing windows 10?

This problem was completely solved by using these three commands in the terminal and then running the repair process through a UI:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair


The repository contains an application for taking backups: automysqlbackup. Backups are made from the whole database, including privileges, and placed in /var/lib/automysqlbackup/. This can be changed in /etc/default/automysqlbackup.

About the versioning part, the repository only grows in size. A better solution might be diffing two backups. Such a script can be setup using the POSTBACKUP hook (see the bottom of /etc/default/automysqlbackup).

You might also be interested in a similar question on Serverfault: Incremental MySQL Backup using Subversion


Remote Desktop connection getting black from ubuntu 13

You have to choose ubuntu-2d as the dafault session when connecting from Xrdp.

To do that:

cd /home/user
echo "gnome-session --session=ubuntu-2d" > .xsession
sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp restart


can't install hardly anything...winbind unstable

Try Running:

sudo apt-get --reinstall install winbind

Reference: AptGet manual


CPUs are overused with internet browsers, maybe Ubuntu+i5+JS don's work well

It is a very long standing and known problem of the website (Google Docs), that goes across browsers and OSs. They know it, but form the look of it I'd say that they are not working on it.


How do I find out what this strange icon in my system tray is? (18.04)

This is the updates notification.
I'm not aware of any tool that identifies system tray icons as most will activate a menu or a window when clicked.