Save microphone and audio out volume levels in PulseAudio to a file that can be restored from

I think these two commands should work:

alsactl store

(to save the state to the default config file), and later:

alsactl restore


Is there Ubuntu 12.10 Gnome version with Wubi installer?

No, you would need to first intall Ubuntu with wubi and then install gnome-shell.

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

There is a gnome remix. It is an unofficial version of Ubuntu that ships with gnome-shell, but I do not think they support wubi.

See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuGNOME/ReleaseNotes/12.10

http://ubuntu-gs-remix.sourceforge.net/p/home/


Just go to installation folder in windows and copy Ubuntu files. Default is Program files. When you wanted to recover it, just copy them back.


Problems with Partitions After Remove Windows

Your /dev/sda6 partition is a logical volume inside the extended partition /dev/sda4.

Extended partitions are like containers. They are needed, because there are (were?) only 4 primary partitions allowed at one disk. So somebody invented the extended partition, that can replace one primary partition and contain any number of logical partitions inside.

So now the reason why you can not enlarge sda6 is, that the container sda4 is full. You have to enlarge the extended partition first (therefore you might have to unmount all containing volumes (sda5 and sda6) and the extended partition itself (sda4)). Then, when you have free space inside the container, you can enlarge the partitions inside the container, to cover that new space.

Do you need more explanations or could I help you?


For me the x11-utils was the problem. Run these commands:
sudo apt-get remove x11-utils
sudo do-release-upgrade

And you should be done.


Dual Boot Windows and Ubuntu on Mac, without macOS

I suggest using boot-repair to try and find the other OS. From Ubuntu or a LiveUSB, do this.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Go through the steps it shows and it should bring you to a fully functional dualboot system


Editing ~/.vnc/xstartup to launch Xfce on VNC server

Normally to start the Xfce session from the console, you should put:

xfce4-session

More here, but I'm not sure about using this with VNC. Remember that first you have to install Xfce, in first step from Your link (Installing a Desktop and VNC on your Linode) change:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

to:

sudo apt-get install xfce4


Most likely it's caused by the pointing stick in the middle of your keyboard. Many people have reported this problem in both Windows and Linux.

You can disable it.

To summarize the link, first list your devices:

$ xinput list

⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ AlpsPS/2 ALPS DualPoint TouchPad          id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ USB Optical Mouse                         id=14   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ AlpsPS/2 ALPS DualPoint Stick             id=12   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ TOSHIBA Web Camera - FHD                  id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard              id=10   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Toshiba input device                      id=13   [slave  keyboa

Then disable the pointing stick:

$ xinput disable 12

substitute 12 with your pointing stick device ID.


If you have installed python you can try SimpleHTTPServer. For this

cd /folder/to/share

And then,

python -m SimpleHTTPServer

This will allow sharing through port 8000. The other machine can access the files using http://"IP of first machine":8000


You can make yourself the owner of that directory

sudo chown pi /var/www/html

But you definitely want to set the permissions

chmod 755 -R /var/www/html

Using the -R (recursive) option will make sure that your script files and your .htaccess file are all set the same.

Whenever you add a new script, be sure to set it this way also.

chmod 755 /var/www/html/cgi-bin/newscript.cgi

Note that some CGI programs have their own requirements, such as the

Bestdam Website Visitor Logger + Hit Counter

Excerpt:

  Open the bdlogger.pl file in a text editor and if necessary, modify the shebang line.

  On the server, create a bdlogger subdirectory under your cgi-bin directory and FTP the script and data files into it using ASCII mode

  If you using a UNIX/Linux server, chmod the files:

bdlogger.pl to 755
all other files to 666

  Add the following SSI directive tag to your Web page(s):

<!--#exec cgi="/cgi-bin/bdlogger/bdlogger.pl" -->


How to find if LightSpeed server is installed

Just open a terminal and type

lightspeed

I don't have it so the output is

The program 'lightspeed' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
sudo apt-get install lightspeed

If it is installed and you want to know where

dpkg --listfiles lightspeed

Will show where all files for light speed can be found.


You can try to login with "ubuntu" as user and a blank password.
You should find a install desktop entry, although this probably should not happen.


Why is this empty directory displaying as being over three megabytes in size?

The dot file, like every directory, contains a list of names for the files in this directory and their inode numbers. So if you once had lots of files in that directory (not unlikely for a "tmp" directory) that would have made the directory entry grow to this size.

After the files are gone, the file system doesn't automatically shrink the directory file again.

You can experiment with this yourself by making a new empty directory, do ls -la in it to see the initial size (4096 on my machine) then touching a lot of files, which will make the directory size grow.

(Yes I know that I'm glossing over/being inaccurate about a lot of details here. But the OP didn't ask for a full explanation of how EXT* file systems work.)


Ubuntu doesn't recognise FairPhone/Android anymore through USB connection

I had a similar issue (which is why I ended up on this thread). My android device was no longer recognize by my computer, when plugged it was merely charging. I checked 'disks' as well and had a similar issue than described previously, and sometimes my device was not even listed. I didn't check the two other points described above but the problem may very well be identical. In my case it simply was a USB cable problem. When I randomly plugged my device with another cable the problem disappeared.


I can't open apps already installed (desktop entries are missed - almost all)

It is ok if you have only chrome entries in your .local/share/applications directory.

In the directory /usr/share/applications you should find your files.

A good description can be found on
on this link


E: Package 'apache2' has no installation candidate on Ubuntu 17.10

The main problem is missed /etc/apt/sources.list.
You can recreate it with:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs)-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs)-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs)-backports main universe restricted multiverse
EOF

Then run
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install apache2


unable to run executable on mounted partition

When a file that you know to be a binary executable fails to run, with a No such file or directory message, it's often because of issues with shared libraries.

In some cases, it's because one or more shared libraries is missing. Running

ldd ./baldursgateii

(for example) should help identify which one(s). On the other hand, if ldd itself fails with the unhelpful (and incorrect) message

not a dynamic executable

then that's likely a sign that you are trying to run a 32-bit executable on a system that lacks even the 32-bit dynamic loader, as discussed in ldd 32-bit exe / 64-bit OS

To obtain the missing 32-bit loader in a current multiarch 64-bit system, you should install the libc6-i386 package:

sudo apt install libc6-i386

From apt show libc6-i386:

  Description: GNU C Library: 32-bit shared libraries for AMD64  This
  package includes shared versions of the standard C library and the
  standard math library, as well as many others. This is the 32bit
  version  of the library, meant for AMD64 systems.

As well as the 32-bit loader, this installs a minimal set of 32-bit libraries: if the program still does not execute, run ldd ./baldursgateii again to check for other specific unmet library dependencies.


You have to download RStudio for Ubuntu 18 / Debian 10

and install it using
sudo apt-get install ./rstudio-1.3.1056-amd64.deb

to get dependencies satisfied automagically.


Mounted NTFS filesystem takes up /home space.

You did a wubi install where ubuntu is entirely contained within a file in your Windows install.  It sounds like you only allocated about 15G to that file.

If your intention was to replace Windows with Ubuntu and give it the whole drive, then you will need to reinstall Ubuntu properly by booting from the disc, not running it within Windows.


Not able to boot Windows iso on my ubuntu in the Oracle VirtualBox-5.2

I don't know why you want to install it manually when you can download the virtual box file from M$ official site.

https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/downloads/virtual-machines

If you really want to create new VM from image ensure that VM settings are correct.

Check if .VDI image is set in Settings > Storage > Sata > Hard Disk
Check if ISO image is set in   Settings > Storage > Sata > Optical Drive
Run the VM push F12 and select cd-rom.


System monitor detecting load averages higher in 12.04?

Can someone tell me what is going on?

Something is using more CPU.

That's about all anybody can say from what you've posted. I'd suggest you install htop and watch it in a terminal for a few minutes or use something like this for instant (if inaccurate) gratification:

ps aux | sort -r -k3 | head -11

That should give you some sort of idea what's nomming on the CPU.

From there you'll likely want to file a bug on Launchpad.net.


There are all kind of complex solutions, like https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CompileSaneFromSource but for me they did not work. Using xsane is very easy to use, and did work for me.

Install :

sudo apt-get install xsane

Then call :

sudo sane-find-scanner

Your scanner should be displayed in the result.

Then call :

scanimage -L

If this results positive your scanner is recognized.


How to run mmDM (DEX game mounter) Windows application in Wine?

Got it working with VirtualBox Windows XP with Virtio drivers. Can't get ProDG in Wine to set app/home paths for some reason, but it works in VirtualBox.

Run mmDM.
Find path to your game.
Convert it to DEX with mmDM.
Use ProDG to set path for app/home to the folder of the game.

If you are connected to your PS3 with ProDG, most games need release mode to be set in ProDG. PS3 must be rebooted after setting release mode.

Use the reset option in ProDG, then if you picked the path to your game folder in app/home in ProDG, you will see it show up in app/home on the PS3.

Google for a ProDG, mmDM, DEX compatibility list for per game instructions.

Good luck.


How do I troubleshoot a disk IO performance issue possibly related to dm-crypt/LUKS?

Don't know about LUKS specifically, but for general IO issues on an SSD make sure discard is on for your fs mount, i.e. grep discard /proc/mounts also might try (as root) "echo 1 >> /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio; echo 2 >> /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio", this will get the system to initiate IO sooner when there is less of a back log of data to write out.


Will overheating of Dell Inspiron N5010 stop if I remove the graphics card

Have you tried installing the latest microcode for your cpu? This usually solves a few issues including cpu overheating. You can find detailed instructions on installing the microcode for your CPU by visiting this link. Microcode for both Intel CPUs and AMDs is installed through Synaptic Package Manager so no need to worry about adding some new ppa or similar.

As for your video card, try to install a genuine driver from AMD support page for your video card. It will take a lot of heat from your CPU once the driver is properly installed and working :).

You can visit this page to learn more about overheating and how to deal with this problem by installing one or more of those programs suggested in that article. Read the comments at the end of the article, there are some interesting solutions in there too.


Sharing an External Hard Drive between Users

If the disk is formatted as EXT4 you can use the "groups" to set the disk to a group both users belong too. Permissions on a Linux system are normally set to 755 for folders and 644 for files. But you can change that to 775 and 664, and set a group and then add both users to the group. Both will then be able to execute the disk, store and remove files. Basically all you would want.

If the disk is formatted as NTFS you need to provide user and group during the mounting of the disk. You have the dmask (directory), fmask (file) and umask (user) options for that. To set the owner, use the uid and gid. Similar to EXT you set the GID and add both users to the GID.

"chmod" and "chown" do not work when the disk is mounted. It is a foreign file system that does not support these.

By the way: it is best to add it to /etc/fstab. That the disk is not always present should not be a problem.

Generic example:

{uuid}  /mnt/{directory}  ntfs-3g   noauto gid=users,umask=0002    0       0

where "users" is your group and "umask" is the reverse of chmod (0002= 775 allowing for execute by group). A lot of information can be found om the NTFS-3G page made by the cool dudes using Arch. There is also the official NTFS-3G manual. The "noauto" prevents auto mounting.

If you want to manual mount:

mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/your_NTFS_partition /mount/point

or

ntfs-3g /dev/your_NTFS_partition /mount/point

It will then pick up the options set in /etc/fstab


update-alternatives: error: alternative link is not absolute as it should be: usr/bin/psql

update-alternatives works with absolute paths instead of relative paths. Replace usr/bin/psql and usr/lib/postgresql/9.6/bin/psql with /usr/bin/psql and /usr/lib/postgresql/9.6/bin/psql, i.e.,

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/psql psql /usr/lib/postgresql/9.6/bin/psql 2


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Wifi device not ready- Acer Predator Laptop

It appears that the installation of the linux-firmware package (with a temporary internet connection) solved the issue:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install linux-firmware


Wacom intuos button maping option not available

Unfortunately this is a known bug. Have you tried the script in the last comment at http://sourceforge.net/p/linuxwacom/bugs/244/ ?


After resuming from suspend, use this command in the terminal:

journalctl -b | grep -i "should not be sleeping"

If you see this:

Oct 21 07:20:18 alien kernel:  cache: parent cpu1 should not be sleeping
Oct 21 07:20:18 alien kernel:  cache: parent cpu2 should not be sleeping
Oct 21 07:20:18 alien kernel:  cache: parent cpu3 should not be sleeping
Oct 21 07:20:18 alien kernel:  cache: parent cpu4 should not be sleeping
Oct 21 07:20:18 alien kernel:  cache: parent cpu5 should not be sleeping
Oct 21 07:20:18 alien kernel:  cache: parent cpu6 should not be sleeping
Oct 21 07:20:18 alien kernel:  cache: parent cpu7 should not be sleeping

It could mean when you suspended the CPU's were not put to sleep as per his bounty Q&A a couple of years ago: systemd suspends system but upon resume kernel then enters sleep and wake-up

If so, I'm sad to report the problem persists to this day on my newest laptop just as it did on that older laptop.

Problem since 2012?

This old email chain: Re: Kernel stops at "PM: Preparing system for mem sleep", never makes it to "Freezing user space processes ... " has a similar problem.

From my log file today:

Oct 21 13:48:15 alien kernel: PM: Preparing system for sleep (mem)
Oct 21 13:48:16 alien acpid[964]: client 1171[0:0] has disconnected
Oct 21 13:48:32 alien kernel: Freezing user space processes ... (elapsed 0.003 seconds) done.

Line 1 is normal
Line 2 is abnormal and linked to old X11 crash bugs
Line 3 is occurs after resuming but should have happened as part of suspend.

Some other interesting points is it often takes 5 to 8 seconds to suspend when it should be about 1 second. This bug is reported in many places too.

If you don't have the same problem in the previous sections and, your laptop stays warm when suspended, then your fix maybe here: Ubuntu 18.04 - Dell XPS13 9370 no longer suspends on lid close


It is called libsapi-utils (libsapi-dev) and is in Universe but there is only a version for Zesty (17.04).

You could download the source packages from the links and use gdebi to install it.

Think I found it: libtss2-utils (and libtss2-dev):

  xenial (16.04LTS) (utils): TPM2 Software stack library - TSS utilities [universe] 0.98+20160226.d4f23cc-0ubuntu2: amd64 arm64 armhf i386 powerpc ppc64el s390x

So ...

sudo apt-get install libtss2-utils
sudo apt-get install libtss2-dev

edit: These 2 seem to be built from tpm2-tss (got there from this bugreport).  So next attempt:

 sudo apt-get install tpm2-tss


Samba does not launch after upgrading to 16.04

Removing security = share from my personal smb.conf without reinstalling, and running systemctl restart smbd.service, fixed the problem for me.


My Passport Essential external usb 3.0 drive runs at usb 2.0 speed

This looks a lot like the kernel isn't driving this device properly.

It's not a great solution, but it might be interesting to boot Ubuntu Oneiric alpha from a USB stick and see how that performs, or try the Oneiric kernel.  If nobody answers here, I suggest you file a kernel bug.


Help loading Ubuntu from Grub. Grub can't find my partition

I did not determine what was wrong, but the Ubuntu boot repair tool seemed to fix things.


Linux unzip file from script without outputting the unzipped file names

From the MODIFIERS section of man unzip:

-q     perform  operations  quietly  (-qq  = even quieter).  Ordinarily
       unzip prints the names of the files it's extracting or  testing,
       the extraction methods, any file or zipfile comments that may be
       stored in the archive, and possibly a summary when finished with
       each  archive.   The -q[q] options suppress the printing of some
       or all of these messages.

So

unzip -q filename.zip


How to write debian/changelog to allow build package other people

the -k solution

When building a debian package you can switch the signing of a package to be your own PGP key via the -k parameter.

For example:

bzr bd -S -- -k0x67B68654

will build the package but will use the PGP key 67B68654

Obviously - change the 67B68654 to your launchpad OpenPGP key:


Another preinstalled windows 8(sony vaio), I have no idea what to do next.

Ok, so I managed to solve it by switching to legacy mode in Bios, this way I don't seem to have to use an efi partition or anything and the installation works just as usual. You have to switch before the install though, probably got something to do with grub.


Ubuntu 18.04 how to input Chinese tone marks? Hanyu pinyin is missing

The comments suggest to restart the system.

Actually, there is no need to do that.

Just restart ibus as follows:

~$ ibus restart


Shutter not working anymore after the last update on Ubuntu 17.10

Managed to solve this by opening an image with Shutter. I took the following steps:

Right click on an image.
Click Open With Other Application.
Select Shutter.

I really don't know what was causing this. I thought for a second that maybe there's something still on pending, like an image opened somehow on Shutter's image editor (I had edited some images the day before this issues happened). Decided to try the steps above, and that fixed the problem. However, I really don't know the cause. If someone could elucidate this, that'd be great.


Wired USB Ethernet Connection disconnecting sporadicly

For what it's worth, we had the same problem on a MacPro with Windows 7 on Parallels, disconnecting from the wireless. No-one else had problems keeping a connection to that wireless. When we changed the wireless router it started working fine. Still not sure why but we have had no problems since. It could be time to try and swop the network switch and test.


My Ubuntu installation won't boot even to recovery mode. What should I do?

How to Fix an Ubuntu System When It Won’t Boot
Ubuntu doesn’t offer the Safe Mode and Automatic Repair tools you’ll find in Windows, but it does offer a recovery menu and a reinstall option that keeps your files and programs.
If you can’t boot anything — not even a USB drive or CD — you may need to configure the boot order in your BIOS. If this doesn’t help, there may be a hardware problem with your computer.

Check if You Can Access the GRUB Boot Loader

The first thing to check is whether you can access the GRUB2 boot loader. Boot your computer while holding the Shift key. If you see a menu with a list of operating systems appear, you’ve accessed the GRUB boot loader.
If you don’t see a menu with a list of boot options appear, the GRUB boot loader may have been overwritten, preventing Ubuntu from booting. This can happen if you install Windows on a drive after installing Ubuntu or another Linux distribution on it. Windows writes its own boot loader to the boot sector, and you won’t be able to boot Ubuntu until you reinstall GRUB.
GRUB can also boot Windows for you, so you’ll still be able to boot into Windows after you install GRUB. In dual-boot situations, you should generally install Linux on a computer after you install Windows.

Repair GRUB If You Can’t Access It

If you can’t access GRUB, you’ll need to repair it. You can use an Ubuntu installation disc or USB drive to do this. Boot into the USB drive and use the the Linux system to repair GRUB. There is a guide to reinstalling the GRUB2 boot loader on Ubuntu, either with a graphical Boot Repair tool or by using standard Linux terminal commands. GRUB Repair Guide
You can also just use a dedicated Boot Repair disc to boot straight to the graphical Boot Repair tool. This may be necessary.
After repairing the GRUB boot loader, you should be able to restart your computer again. The GRUB2 boot loader will appear and boot Ubuntu normally. (GRUB2 is hidden by default, so you may just see Ubuntu boot. You can hold Shift at the very beginning of the boot process to see it.)

Use Recovery Mode If You Can Access GRUB

If you do see the GRUB boot menu, you can use the options in GRUB to help repair your system. Select the “Advanced options for Ubuntu” menu option by pressing your arrow keys and then press Enter. Use the arrow keys to select the “Ubuntu … (recovery mode)” option in the submenu and press Enter.
Recovery Mode
GRUB will boot your Ubuntu system in a very minimal recovery mode menu, skipping the majority of the system services and all the graphical applications that load. It will even load your file system in a safe read-only mode.
Select a menu option and press Enter to use it:
clean: Attempts to make free space on your file system. If your storage is full and this is causing some sort of problem, this can help free up space.
dpkg: Repairs broken software packages. If a package failed to install properly and your system doesn’t work because of it, this may help.
failsafeX: Boots your computer in a failsafe graphic mode. If there’s a problem with your Xorg graphical server configuration or graphics drivers and that’s causing your Ubuntu system to boot to a black screen or preventing the graphical desktop from loading properly, this can get you back to that graphical desktop.   * fsck: Performs a file system check, which scans the computer’s file systems for errors and automatically fixes them. It’s a bit like chkdsk on Windows.   * grub: Updates the GRUB boot loader. If you could use the GRUB boot loader to get to this menu, this option probably won’t help.
network: Enable networking, which is disabled by default in recovery mode.
root: Leaves the menu and goes to a root shell prompt. From here, you can mount the file system in write-mode and run commands that may help fix problems with the system. You should only do this if you know what you’re doing — it’s a way to fix the problem by hand if you know how.

Reinstall Ubuntu While Keeping Files and Programs

if there’s a problem with your installed Ubuntu system, you should still be able to boot up an Ubuntu live CD or USB drive. Boot to the live media and start installing Ubuntu. Ubuntu should find your existing installation and give you a “Reinstall Ubuntu” option.
Do not choose "erase ubuntu" unless you want to reinstall everything you had. * When you perform a reinstall, the installer will keep all your personal files and settings. It will even keep your installed software packages, if possible. The Reinstall option will wipe away all your system-wide settings and return them to their defaults, but that should fix problems that misconfigured system settings could cause.
Select this option and continue through the process to reinstall Ubuntu on your computer. The installation process will also reinstall the GRUB2 boot loader along with Ubuntu, so it will also fix any GRUB issues.
If you’re worried about losing your files, it’s always a good idea to have backups. You can use the “Try Ubuntu” option on the Ubuntu installation media to access a graphical desktop. From here, open the file manager and access the files stored on your Ubuntu system drive. Connect some sort of external storage — such as a USB flash drive or external hard drive — to the computer and use the graphical file manager to back up your files.
You’ll find the Ubuntu drive under Devices in the sidebar. You’ll find your personal files in your /home/NAME directory for. Be sure to remember your hidden configuration files if you want to back those up, too.
In theory, this shouldn’t be necessary — the Reinstall option shouldn’t erase your files. However, it’s always a good idea to have backup copies of your files. if you don’t, it’s probably a good idea to create that backup before doing anything else. Something could always go wrong.

Problems

This process should have fixed Ubuntu if it won’t boot. If it doesn’t work, there may be a more serious problem with your computer’s hardware or its system drive. For example, if your computer says it has no internal boot device and you can’t see its internal drive when you boot to the Ubuntu live media, the system drive may be physically damaged. * If nothing happens when you boot your computer — not even a boot logo or some sort of BIOS or UEFI startup message — the computer’s hardware may be damaged. If it’s a laptop, its battery may just be dead.
Hope this helped,
Zangar_


The only thing that helped me was uninstalling virtualbox-dkms since that package was in an older version:

sudo dpkg -P virtualbox-dkms

Then I reinstalled virtualbox and it worked.


Can you install applications onto different partitions?

The problem is an application in Ubuntu is spread out all over the filesystem.

It will put the bulk of it's stuff in /usr (binaries and libraries), some stuff in /etc (configuration), some stuff in /var (transient files, logs), etc.

An application generally doesn't fit neatly into a single directory that you can just put somewhere else unfortunately.

You could copy files from all those locations over to the SD, and symlink where they came from so that the system can still find them, but it would get really messy really quickly.

Also, even if you did that, and if you were hoping to remove the SD and use it in another Ubuntu and use the apps on it, that won't work either, because the package database saves quite a bit of "state", meaning it knows what packages are installed and where all the files are, what version the app is and so on. If you simply plopped the SD containing the relevant files into another Ubuntu it wouldn't realise the files on it were part of an application.

In short - not really feasible.


HP EliteBook 8440p screen flickers after blank screen (nvidia)

I have the same machine and I had the same issue on Windows 7 and now Windows 8.

I updated the Nvidia drivers twice and the issue persisted. I don't think its OS or driver related but rather that the screen itself or video card may be failing.

Thankfully, the laptop is still under warranty.


Close Gnome Files Window when unplugging USB-drive

I may suggest to work on this project on a tty. It is simply a terminal without GNOME DE. Open it through
Ctrl + Alt + F1/F2

A tty can be opened alongside a GNOME desktop just like a "workspace", so you can shift between the GNOME desktop and tty easily.
To go back to the GNOME desktop, press
Ctrl + Alt + F7


Microphone is not working in Ubuntu 14.04.04 LTS

Try opening pavucontrol and going to the "Configuration" tab. If it shows an "Internal Audio" device with a "Profile" drop-down selection box, drop it down and switch from "Analog Stereo Output" to "Analog Stereo Duplex". This should give you another device named "Internal Audio Analog Stereo" with port "Microphone" in the "Input Devices" tab. This input device should work properly.

I'm on Ubuntu 16.04 right now and have an Acer Aspire v5-571, but this might help ... it did it for me. Also, the things above in quotes are my best translations; they might not be the exactly the same on your pavucontrol.


Lost audio after installing VLC on 16.04

Go to System Settings/Sound, choose the Output tab. Make sure that Mute is not checked, volume is set high enough, and make sure that Play Sound Through is correctly set to your HDMI output. Also check Show Sound Volume in the Menu Bar. Cheers, Al


Using boolean expressions in if statement?

It's:

if [[ $i =~ [0-9] ]] && ! grep $i /opt/tftpboot/*; then

You probably don't need the output of grep, in which case you can do:

if [[ $i =~ [0-9] ]] && ! grep -q $i /opt/tftpboot/*; then


The only one up to now that I have found is this one:


Youtube videos do not play in Ubuntu 14.04LTS

If you want to play the Youtube videos in Firefox now, just press the "Activate Adobe Flash" button.

Or use HTML5 for Youtube, there should be a "Request the HTML5 player" button on https://www.youtube.com/html5

I have the same problem with Firefox v.33 & 35 (latest for trusty & trusty-updates is v.35). I've read about it a few other places (don't have the links now), I think it's a bug; I couldn't find any fix or workaround for it, aside from just using Flash as a click-to-play plugin, which is fine with me.

Firefox is up to date, and the flash plugin is up to date:

going to the Mozilla's "Plugin Check & Updates" (the "Check for updates..." link on any flash video) says Shockwave Flash is Up to Date
clicking the Action button "Up to Date" goes to http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/ which also says the latest version (last version for Linux actually) is 11.2.202.442
the latest Ubuntu trusty package of flashplugin-installer (11.2.202.442ubuntu0.14.04.1) is the same 11.2.202.442

Chrome/Chromium does have it's own built-in flash player (a Pepper Plugin API?), and I saw an article on WebUpd8.org about a Firefox plugin available on the WebUpd8 PPA that should let you use the newer Pepper flash player in Firefox. See this other answer (or the WebUpd8 article) for more info.


How to watch DVDs in Ubuntu 13.10 64-bit

Make sure to check if it is legal in your area. because in some places it is illeagal to watch DVDs in Linux.

open terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), copy and paste the following:

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg libxine1-ffmpeg gxine mencoder libdvdread4 totem-mozilla icedax tagtool easytag id3tool lame nautilus-script-audio-convert libmad0 mpg321 && sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

you might also need VLC to watch some DVDs

sudo apt-get install vlc


#1 There is no way of unlocking the encrypted home folder without entering the password. You should move your www folder out of your home folder an reconfigure apache. The default for that would be /var/www.

#2 If you selected "encrypt home folder" during install it only encrypted the home folder of the user you created during install. If the files of e.g. apache are saved somewhere else (even in /home/some_folder) it would work.


Limit recursion in apt-get install --install-suggests

You can install only the directly suggested packages with

LANG=c apt-cache depends tuxguitar|grep -i suggests

(LANG=c to get the english output)

PACKAGES="tuxguitar otherpackage"
SUGGESTS=$(LANG=c apt-cache depends $PACKAGES|grep -i suggests|cut -d' ' -f4|xargs)
sudo apt-get install $PACKAGES $SUGGESTS

in your case and in one line:

PACKAGES=tuxguitar; sudo apt-get install $PACKAGES $(LANG=c apt-cache depends $PACKAGES|grep -i suggests|cut -d' ' -f4|xargs)


Handbrake is the best tool for converting .mkv files to .avi files in ubuntu.Run the following commands on terminal to install handbrake in Ubuntu 12.04,

Edit the /etc/apt/sources.list file,

 sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Add the following lines to the opened sources.list file,

 deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/stebbins/handbrake-snapshots/ubuntu precise main
 deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/stebbins/handbrake-snapshots/ubuntu precise main

Then update the repositories,

 sudo apt-get update

Run this command to install handbrake,

 sudo apt-get install handbrake-gtk


NVidia Doesn't Show Up in Additional Driver + Power Regression Issue in Ubuntu 12.04

To know if you're using the Intel HD 3000 (Main Graphics card), append in Termina the following:

/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

You should get a similar result as the following:

OpenGL vendor string:   Tungsten Graphics, Inc
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Sandybridge Mobile
OpenGL version string:  3.0 Mesa 8.0.2

Not software rendered:    yes
Not blacklisted:          yes
GLX fbconfig:             yes
GLX texture from pixmap:  yes
GL npot or rect textures: yes
GL vertex program:        yes
GL fragment program:      yes
GL vertex buffer object:  yes
GL framebuffer object:    yes
GL version is 1.4+:       yes

Unity 3D supported:       yes

Try again with the nvidia card (that, if Bumblebee is successfully installed):

optirun /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

You should get:

OpenGL vendor string:   NVIDIA Corporation
OpenGL renderer string: GeForce GT 525M/PCIe/SSE2
OpenGL version string:  4.2.0 NVIDIA 295.40

Not software rendered:    yes
Not blacklisted:          yes
GLX fbconfig:             yes
GLX texture from pixmap:  no
GL npot or rect textures: yes
GL vertex program:        yes
GL fragment program:      yes
GL vertex buffer object:  yes
GL framebuffer object:    yes
GL version is 1.4+:       yes

Unity 3D supported:       no

Know that The Nvidia card is not compatible with Unity 3D. The Intel HD 3000 is. That means that if you're using Unity 3D now, it's the Intel card which is in use.
And the fact The Graphics Driver name does not appear in Systems Settings (Details), stipulates there is some conflict between drivers (Proprietary drivers of Nvidia or Nouveau).
Purging them and reinstalling bumblebee seems a solution (Bumblebee will resintall Nvidia drivers nvidia-current for you).
The correct result should look this:

OR:

You quoted : "And if I go to System Settings > Additional Drivers, it returned nothing in the list and only with a description "No proprietary drivers are in use on this system"."  -> This is normal when you install Bumblebee and normal when the Nvidia card is not activated and not recognized by the system. I am having the same thing and it's not an issue.
You can trace eventually what happens in the video log: /var/log/Xorg.0.log

For your other tweaking needs.
As you're new to Ubuntu, the best way to achieve some tweakings for your whole desktop is to install the application: UBUNTU TWEAK, this way:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa

then

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak


Had the same problem. Turned out it was super easy to fix.
Install the GNOME Tweaks app. Go to Workspaces and set Display handling to Workspaces span displays. Done!


"Not enough free disk space" error after deleting huge log file from flash drive

I finally fixed the issue using ncdu:
sudo apt install ncdu
cd /
sudo ncdu
That way I found out that all the log files I deleted from the flash drive had been moved to /.Trash-0/files/


How to enable 3D acceleration with Nvidia GT 555m?

Based on your comments and some Google I think by the 3D acceleration you mean the fancy effects that the old Ubuntu versions used to have, e.g. windows zooming out when you minimise but also the more complicated stuff, such as wobbly windows.
I think this is something else than the actual 3D acceleration, which you have already enabled by installing and activating the proprietary drivers.

In order to do these simple effects, please see the top rated answer in What happened to the Visual Effects tab, in the Appearance window? Briefly put, you can use CompizConfig Settings Manager (CCSM) to enable the "3D" effects. The selection in Appearance has been removed, but you can still edit these things manually.

The fancy animations (wobbly windows, etc) are also in CCSM. Just be careful with changing these settings and playing around, if you change the wrong settings you will break Compiz and have to reset to the defaults, as explained in How do I reset my Unity configuration?

If I misunderstood please post it here.


ALSA Mixer settings won't save (Kubuntu)

The solution I found here  (search on page for "red light") is

echo '1' | sudo tee '/sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save'

The advice for making it a permanent change is to create a new file

/etc/modprobe.d/audio_powersave.conf

and include the following

options snd_hda_intel power_save=1


Actually the yacc command was not installed so i ran:

sudo apt-get install bison flex

and i works!

Credits to @steeldriver for hint in a comment to the question.


How can I remove the session expiration for a user?

For that go into your System Settings window and there choose there Brightness & Lock. within that dialog you find the setting to turn the Lock off.


How can I stop the side launcher from autohiding?

First, install the compizconfig-settings-manager package.
Open the Unity dash and search for "ccsm". Open the Compiz Config Settings Manager result.
In CCSM's filter box, type "unity".
Click the Ubuntu Unity Plugin. Change Hide Launcher to Never.


Using proxy on my Ubuntu 12.04 and proxy exception problem

If you set the proxy settings, then open Firefox. Go to Edit menu → Preferences → Advanced → Network tab → Settings and in the window where the proxy settings are, you can add IP ranges for internal networks that you do not want the proxy for.

So for example if you are on a 192.168.x.y network, you could try adding in the small window there "192.168.0.0" => then all these addresses will not use the proxy settings.

Hope that helps.


Grub does not load up even after running boot-repair

Turn off secure boot and run boot-repair.


Can not remove directory on NTFS partition

Thanks to coteyr's comment, chkdsk did the job. chkdsk reported offset errors on the disk.I started windows in safe mode and the folder was deleted already. It was actually a malware which created some illegal offest on disk, thus showing directory which it wasn't.


Is it safe to turn swap off permanently?

The Linux kernel provides a tweakable setting that controls how often the swap file is used, called swappiness

A swappiness setting of zero means that the disk will be avoided unless absolutely necessary (you run out of memory), while a swappiness setting of 100 means that programs will be swapped to disk almost instantly.

Ubuntu system comes with a default of 60, meaning that the swap file will be used fairly often if the memory usage is around half of my RAM. You can check your own system's swappiness value by running:

one@onezero:~$ cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
60

As I have 4 GB of RAM, so I'd like to turn that down to 10 or 15. The swap file will then only be used when my RAM usage is around 80 or 90 percent. To change the system swappiness value, open /etc/sysctl.conf as root. Then, change or add this line to the file:

vm.swappiness = 10

Reboot for the change to take effect

You can also change the value while your system is still running

sysctl vm.swappiness=10

you can also clear your swap by running swapoff -a and then swapon -a as root instead of rebooting to achieve the same effect.

To calculate your swap Formula

free -m (total) / 100 = A

A * 10

root@onezero:/home/one# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          3950       2262       1687          0        407        952
-/+ buffers/cache:        903       3047
Swap:         1953          0       1953

  so total is 3950 / 100 = 39.5 * 10 = 395

so what it mean is that when 10 % 395 MB of ram left then it start using swapiness


Increase Ubuntu disk space/partition size

You can't resize /dev/sda3 because gparted thinks the partition is in an unknown state... as seen by the red icon.

Boot into Windows. Run chkdsk /f C:. You'll need to reboot to do this. Also turn off FAST BOOT and HIBERNATION...

- boot into Windows
- open the Power control panel
- choose `change what the power buttons do`
- choose `change options that are unavailable`
- uncheck `fast startup`
- close the Power control panel
- open an administrative command prompt window
- type `powercfg /h off`
- type `chkdsk /f c:`
- approve to run chkdsk at next reboot
- type `chkdsk /f x:` (replacing "x" with drive letters of other **visible** NTFS partitions)
- reboot into Windows to let chkdsk run on drive C:

To resize your partitions...

NOTE: MAKE GOOD BACKUPS OF YOUR IMPORTANT WINDOWS/UBUNTU FILES FIRST!

resize /dev/sda3 (your C: drive) USING A WINDOWS APPLICATION like Disk Manager or a third party tool.
move /dev/sda4 and /dev/sda5 all the way left using the same WINDOWS app.
reboot Windows to assure that it still boots.
then boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB and use gparted to move the /dev/sda6 partition left, and resize the right side of the /dev/sda6 partition to the right.

Keep these things in mind when using gparted:

always start the entire procedure with issuing a swapoff on any mounted swap partitions, and end the entire procedure with issuing a swapon on that same swap partition
a move is done by pointing the mouse pointer at the center of a partition and dragging it left/right with the hand cursor
a resize is done by dragging the left/right side of a partition to the left/right with the directional arrow cursor
if any partition can't be moved/resized graphically, you may have to manually enter the specific required numeric data (don't do this unless I instruct you to)
you begin any move/resize by right-clicking on the partition in the lower pane of the main window, and selecting the desired action from the popup menu, then finishing that action in the new move/resize window


log-in problem as a user and guest session

Try this one.
Press Ctrl+Alt+F6, type your username and password and enter this command:

sudo chown <username>:<username> .ICEauthority

Assuming <username> as your username.

Then switch back to GUI by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F7 and try to login again.


Try using port 1022.
You should have gotten a warning when updating that a second sshd daemon is started on that port.


Known bug, fixed in Debian, please update from my PPA

This is a known bug with the gwaei version (3.2.0) bundled with Ubuntu 12.04 as you have noted. It has been fixed upstream (i.e. in Debian, where Ubuntu draws its packages from).

I have ported the fixed version 3.4.3 (and dependencies) to a PPA to allow Ubuntu users to easily solve this problem.

  Note: If you are unfamiliar with installing third-party software from PPAs, you may want to refer to these questions:

  What are PPAs and how do I use them?
  Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?

Solution: here's how...

Open the terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T
Type/paste sudo apt-add-repository ppa:izx/bleeding -y
Then type sudo apt-get update
And finally, the below (press Y at the prompt):

sudo apt-get install gwaei libwaei2 zlib1g

That's it -- gwaei should now work!


Go into /usr/share/applications and find the .desktop file for your application.  (It will probably be displayed as just an icon if you use a file manager to do this.  Part of mine looks like this, but the files are really called [something].desktop)

Copy it into /home/[your-user-name]/.local/share/applications

Open the .desktop file with your favorite text editor and look for the line starting with Categories=

Change this line so it reads Categories=Development; and save the file.

Your menu may refresh immediately; if it doesn't, open a terminal and type lxpanelctl restart


So I got a hold of the manufacturer of my machine, System76, and they figured it out for me.  Turned out it was a bad .config file in my home directory.  So we renamed the .config directory .config.bak.

Reboot the machine and I'm good.  I had to rework some of my configurations for the launch bar and such, but I got my system back and in my own account.

All is well.  Thanks System 76!


Follow these steps:

Make a file input.conf inside ~/.config/mpv
Open the file and add these lines:

UP add volume +2

DOWN add volume -2


How to show the VPN password in Ubuntu 18.10?

In a terminal type seahorse.
Click on the pad lock icon (A window is now shown with the title
Enter password to unlock your login keyring)
In the password field type your password.
Click Unlock
Go to the menu View and select View any
In the list of passwords click on the entry VPN password secret for ...


Remove GRUB from Legacy (BIOS) boot mode

Just install the Easy BCD and it will help you in restoring back the default boot loader option.
Boot the Windows from grub and then restore the default using Easy BCD software.


Unity/18.04 remove language selector next to keyboard icon

I logged in to a Unity session, enabled Fcitx, and can confirm the behavior. When using a Fcitx input method (in my case Sunpinyin) I see this:

and when using the English (US) keyboard layout I see this:

when in an input area, or else the us part disappears.

I suppose the explanation is that there exist icons for Fcitx input methods, but not for XKB keyboard layouts, and then it shows the generic Fcitx icon instead together (sometimes) with the abbreviation. If I recall it correctly, it has been like that for a while, i.e. it's not new in 18.04.

If you don't like that behavior, one option is to switch to IBus, install e.g. ibus-libpinyin, relogin, and select Intelligent Pinyin in Text Entry.


Can't use sudo commands after removing the user password

Problem solved!

I tried to change the password again by passwd without sudo and it didn't ask me for old password then I put a new one.


Dependency out of sync (later version than required)

If you don't have a server (or don't need the server kernel) you can remove it:

sudo apt-get remove linux-server linux-headers-server

To prevent that you are left without kernels:

In a desktop:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic

Server:

sudo apt-get install linux-server


Backups initiated to pull from remote Ubuntu hosts

I guess BackupPC would be a tool to consider.

It is an Enterprise-grade Open Source Project.

I used it myself way back. Setting it up correctly can be a drag (well it was back in the days), but once it is setup it is very stable and smooth. It has data pooling to reduce the amount of traffic and disc space. So let's say you have 20 ubuntu 18.04 servers. You don't backup the OS 20 times, If it is the same file BackupPc keeps one of them and marks them in a pool for all 20 servers. Very clever!

It can also backup other OS, like Windows and MacOS.

https://backuppc.github.io/backuppc/

From the page:

"BackupPC is a high-performance, enterprise-grade system for backing up Linux, Windows and macOS PCs and laptops to a server's disk. BackupPC is highly configurable and easy to install and maintain."

But you def. can use it for servers, too. There is no difference.


This may indicate an issue with the tracker database. You may resolve this by having Tracker recreate the database.
tracker reset --hard
sudo reboot

The  reset --hard command will kill all running processes and remove the database. On an next reboot, the tracker services will resume as if tracker was just installed.
This normally should not happen. However, some incident may have caused the issue, e.g. as a result of an improper shutdown or an unexpected crash of one of the processes. This problem, normally, should not regularly return.


How can I get spammy ssh "Starting Session" messages out of my syslog view?

To send the logs from your client directly to the Mac, log into the rsyslog client host sending the logs and create a /etc/rsyslog.d/loghost.conf file with the following line. Replace loghost in the example with a resolvable hostname or IP address of remote logging server.

*.* @@loghost:514

Here is a breakdown of the above remote logging syntax:

*.* - Matches all logging facilities and priorities.
@@ - Specifies that TCP is used for transferring the logs while a single @ will use UDP.
localhost - A resolvable hostname or IP address of the destination log host.
514 - The TCP port of the destination log host.

The following example will send only authentication entries and mail errors to the remote logging server.

authpriv.* @@loghost:514
mail.err   @@loghost:514

Restart the rsyslog service to begin sending the logs the remote host.

service rsyslog restart

I'm not familiar with the Mac OS, but this site looks like it has the configuration information to set it up to receive logs.

The benefit of this is that you can collect logs from all of your devices in one place, so if you have routers or switched, you can send them straight to your Mac as well.


How to install "Killer E2400 Gigabit Ethernet Controller" without internet connection on Ubuntu 14.04

According to chili555's comment that device is supported by the kernel shipped with Ubuntu 16.04. Luckily one can upgrade to the same kernel in Ubuntu 14.04 via LTS/HWE upgrades:

Install the kernel packages:

sudo apt install linux-generic-lts-xenial

Reboot the machine. The newly installed kernel should be the new default boot option for Grub.

More info: Ubuntu Wiki – LTS Enablement Stack


How do I make a chroot clone of my [current setup] like after a fresh install

Please follow the next steps at the debootstrap wiki page


Landscape can scale-out the components of a single server to deal with scale, and has been tested well beyond the 5,000 managed device mark, so the size of your environment is no issue.

Landscape does not have a federated master/slave multiple server architecture. Landscape's architecture scales out the internal components of a single server instead. Landscape can leverage multiple external package repositories for package delivery, you could think of that as conceptually similar to Satellite 6 with multiple Capsule servers delivering updates.


How to enter hexadecimal values from the extended ASCII table

According to this table in wikipedia the character corresponding to ASCII 255 or 0xff is 'ÿ'. However I produced this character with Ctrl-Shift-u followed by 'ff', not Alt-Shift-u and 'ff'. (After entering Ctrl-Shift-u, an underligned u appears, then continue typing the hex code and terminate with Enter to get the coded character.)


best way to backup a whole dual-boot system

Have one computer only? The best method is Clonezilla Live. Just boot off the CD and make images on an external hard drive. It's sort of like the Linux equivalent of Ghost. Of course, it's not Ghost; it's entirely different, yet it is also easy to learn and work with, especially in recovery when disks sizes may have changed. It's certainly worth a spin, and learning about it is very useful and enjoyable if you liked it initially. It does not matter what O/S you are trying to backup or restore.

Have a spare computer that could be used as a server at home or work? The best method is Clonezilla SE. It's far more powerful than Live. With SE, you can PXE boot to the server, pick your image(s), and overwrite everything on your computer - total restoration from a previous date. Or, you can create a zero-troubleshooting environment to cope with the user who has acquired malware that you do not want to deal with for the ten thousandth time: just boot off the network, pick the image, thirty minutes or so later the problem was solved with only about five minutes of your time. It also can multicast an image to same/similar workstation models (chipsets) - even with Windows, drivers and all. If you sysprep a Windows workstation and create an image, then the image could be written to any number of workstations in batches, so that each workstation begins from the Windows "first time" wizard with all of your custom settings included. I once did 40K workstations that way.

I am a big fan, can you tell? A tutorial.

Yes, I think this is a duplicate question.


Copy the file to your Home directory and run in a terminal
sudo apt install ./code_1.52.1-1608136922_amd64.deb


touch-pad not detected on Acer Aspire VN7-591g (Ubuntu 14.04)

I had an identical problem with the Acer V17 Nitro (VN7), but upgrading the Linux kernel even to version 3.18 did not completely solve the problem, but only made the touchpad work while right/left clicks on the ClickPad part are ignored.

The enable-rightbutton.sh code did not work either and return the error that there is no property such as "Synaptics Soft Button Areas"...

Moreover - Before, when typing:

xinput

The name near device 11 was showing 'Synaptics' while now it showed as 'UNKOWN'!

After some further research I noticed that I can still get the list of properties from the 'UNKOWN' device by typing:

xinput --list-props 11

And found that it indeed no property called "Synaptics Soft Button Areas" but it did have a property called "Synaptics ClickPad" which was set to 0 (= false).
I set it to '1' by typing:

xinput set-prop 11 "Synaptics ClickPad" 1

and what do you know, now the missing "Synaptics Soft Button Areas" came back, and I could see it when typing:

xinput --list-props 11

So, the Linux Kerner did not automatically activate the ClickPad features and saw it as a TouchPad. Once activated, all was fine. At this stage, the enable-rightbutton.sh script worked well, and I got a full working ClickPad as intended.

What was left to do is just to add the script to run automatically at the 'Startup Applications'

Hope that helps!


How do I use the Mythbuntu repository on a headless server?

The way we do the repos is by MythTV major version number, and the command to add it would be

apt-add-repository ppa:mythbuntu/<MythTV Version number>

So for 0.26 it would be

apt-add-repository ppa:mythbuntu/0.26

Note that any point releases (such as 0.26.1) would still be the 0.26 version.


I can reproduce that by configuring bold to a black color in gnome-terminal.

Menu: "Edit" -> "Profile Preferences", then tab "Colors"

Is there a check mark on "Bold color"? If yes, disable.


To install the update, you have to clear TPM owner information. In order to do that, go to the BIOS (press F2 during boot), open Settings -> Security -> TPM 2.0 Security. Check Clear option and confirm your action. Once owner information is cleared install the update again. This time it should finish successfully.

Just please note that your system may keep important data in TPM module (as for example, a password to your hard disk) and once you clear it you may lost access to your files...


How to list some files, in a specific range


For how long Linux system logs are stored?

Logs are controlled by logrotate. It keeps a configurable number of *.log.1, *.log.2.gz, ... files (compressing old ones).

See man logrotate, /etc/cron.daily/logrotate and /etc/logrotate.conf.

Reading logs can most easily be done with journalctl - see man journalctl, and this article


How to rename the output file with variable name?

Simply

   for i in {1..4000}; do bash Simulation.sh; mv min1.gro min1_${i}.gro; done

for example.


Firefox in Xubuntu is playing mp2t / .ts / webm video files with a deep / slow / distorted / off audio sound

EDIT: Root issue and solution

It seems that custom user agent strings via about:config value and an extension were directing websites to return an invalid HLS stream for Firefox to read. Disabling these user agent changes has led to the issue resolving itself.

Finally got fed up of half of websites not playing audio in Firefox, and decided to debug.

TL;DR: Go to about:config > media.mediasource.mp4.enabled set to false

What is media.mediasource config?

The issue was with the entire suite of media.mediasource.* configurations, but only the above one seems to be required to disable for videos to start playing.

What is media.mediasource and why did it break things?

"Firefox plays the "old" WebM format in its default configuration. Turning on MediaSource will allow you to play the "new" WebM"

Steps to find this solution

The first bug I initially found was on bugzilla: Audio Files Sound Strange on Firefox Platform? from 4 years ago
This led me to this reddit thread in regards to this config option media.webspeech.synth.enabled which made me think that the issue was probably a config media issue.
Led me to  media playback has pitched-down audio and a number of other complaints about firefox and twitter audio in general
Finally found what I was looking for with a Palemoon bug

I solved a similar issue on my machine as follows...
Edit ==> Preferences ==> Content
and UNcheck "Enable Media Source Extensions (MSE)"

In firefox language that is: media.mediasource.enabled which solved the problem.

Documenting steps here in case similar issue for someone else comes up.


Wireless Card not working on Dell D620 w/ 15.10

Typed in "b43 driver" in the Ubuntu software center and down loaded Firmware installer for the b43 driver and re-booted… poof the wifi is up and rolling


ClassNotFoundExeption when executing classes from terminal using Java command

Here is a quote directly from the link that Karel posted.

compile your Java program as before with: javac abc.java. Then run it with:
java abc  ## The name of the class to be called is abc NOT abc.class

That being said, you are not supposed to include the ".class" portion of the filename when running the java program. Karel is trying to get you to see that you are including the ".class" but you aren't supposed to.
try the following and see if it works
cd /home/asadefa/Desktop
java untitled


How to deny root mariadb user from sudo?

To avoid entering with sudo and that only root can enter, only recommended for your database installed locally and not in production, you could use mysql_secure_installation with a password for root.
sudo mysql_secure_installation

With this command you go through a wizard that will ask you different questions. You must tell it to keep the root user, with a password. and so you could access through without sudo.
mysql -u root -p


Here you have a solution. I tested it an it creates the folders as you explained.

for filename in *.pdf
do
  echo "Processing file $filename "
  first_letter="${filename:0:1}"
  mkdir -p $first_letter #if already exists won't print error
  last_name=$(echo $filename | sed 's/\([^[:blank:]]\)\([[:upper:]]\)/\1 \2/g'  |awk '{print $1}')
  mkdir -p $first_letter/$last_name
  mv $filename $first_letter/$last_name
done


Startup disk creator: Installation failed

Try from the command-line with root privileges:

sudo usb-creator-gtk


Location of edited text files on Ubuntu touch

Files created by the edIt app are stored under:

~/.local/share/com.ubuntu.developer.pawstr.edit/

This is actually a known limitation of the app:


Which option to choose when package distributor has shipped an updated version?

The original error message contained this text:

Configuration file '/etc/gnome/defaults.list'
 ==> Modified (by you or by a script) since installation.
 ==> Package distributor has shipped an updated version.
   What would you like to do about it ?  Your options are:
    Y or I  : install the package maintainer's version
    N or O  : keep your currently-installed version
      D     : show the differences between the versions
      Z     : start a shell to examine the situation
 The default action is to keep your current version.
*** defaults.list (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?

Selecting the first option, Y or I  : install the package maintainer's version, will not change your currently installed Ubuntu release. Instead it will make everything compatible with your currently installed Ubuntu release (Ubuntu 16.04). If necessary it will undo changes that you have made in your system that could prevent you from being able to update packages normally. The first Y option is the safest option to choose when presented with the Package distributor has shipped an updated version menu because it is the option the allows you to update your system normally and returns your system to a condition where there is nothing that interferes with default package management. This will also make it easier to fix the underlying broken packages problem that interferes with updating the installed packages and probably generated this package management message to begin with.


welcome to AskUbuntu.

I have found a solution that may be useful to you.

On the terminal, type sudo su.

Next, create a new configuration file, by typing
gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-cyborgrat9.conf

Copy and paste this code into the config file.

Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "R.A.T."
        MatchProduct "R.A.T.7|R.A.T.9"
        MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
        Option "Buttons” “17"
        Option "ButtonMapping" "1 2 3 4 5 0 0 8 9 7 6 12 0 0 0 16 17"
        Option "AutoReleaseButtons" "13 14 15"
        Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection

Lastly, reboot your computer.


Installed Steam via terminal, but not marked as "installed" in Ubuntu Software Center. How to fix it?

I would run these commands:

sudo apt-get remove steam

(to remove steam itself)

sudo apt-get autoremove

(to remove the dependancies)

sudo apt-get purge steam

(if you want to purge the config files and such)


Ubuntu 13.10 won't reboot after stalled upgrade

From what I can tell, this is a Grub2 problem. Try using Boot Repair.

If I helped, please choose my answer, or upvote me.


To make the custom layout selectable also on the login screen, you can go to Settings -> Region & Language, click the Login Screen button at the top right of the window, and add it there as well.


You can run
apt changelog <package>

to see what security and other updates are installed.
E.g.
apt changelog php7.4


How to create a new logind session while running xinit from the console?

I've spent all night looking at this for my Ubuntu console boot + Openbox setup and was in the same boat as you. systemd isn't used fully in Ubuntu 13.10 but it does replace ConsoleKit as you said. I'd got as far as loginctl and wanted to tear my hair out, then I found http://blog.falconindy.com/articles/back-to-basics-with-x-and-systemd.html which works a treat.

My .xinitrc is as follows -

exec dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session openbox-session

I've used the helper script in the link above and aliased startx as, 'exec path/to/the/helper/script'. Works a treat and nm-applet is playing ball too.

P.S. In case the link disappears above, here's the helper script to replace startx.

#!/bin/bash
TTY=${TTY:-$(tty)}
TTY=${TTY#/dev/}

if [[ $TTY != tty* ]]; then
  printf '==> ERROR: invalid TTY\n' >&2
  exit 1
fi

printf -v vt 'vt%02d' "${TTY#tty}"

xinit -- "$vt" "$@"


Is it necessary to install a graphics card driver for ubuntu 14.04

Ubuntu comes with some preinstalled open-source graphic drivers (Xorg). They are enough for office and some games, but of course they get far less power out of your graphics hardware than a proprietary driver would do. Its advantage is that it is open-source and pretty stable, while proprietary drivers (e.g. those from nVidia) often cause problems and are complicated to install correctly.
So you have to decide between simplicity, flexibility and stability (Xorg) and advanced capabilities and best use of the card's power (proprietary).


Is it possible to use secret-tool to lookup existing seahorse passwords?

I made a utility, lssecret, that lists all items using libsecret, including all GNOME Keyring items. It looks like libsecret automatically adds a key value pair for every item, but Seahorse doesn't show them in the GUI. Here's some example output from lssecret:

Collection: Login

Item:   Test Password
Secret: Tr0ub4dor&3
Key:    xdg:schema
Value:  org.gnome.keyring.Note

Item:   secret-tool item
Secret: s3cret-t00l
Key:    my key
Value:  my value
Key:    xdg:schema
Value:  org.freedesktop.Secret.Generic

Item:   Unlock password for: cueball@xkcd.com
Secret: correct horse battery staple
Key:    unique
Value:  ssh-store:/home/cueball/.ssh/id_rsa
Key:    xdg:schema
Value:  org.freedesktop.Secret.Generic

Item:   Network secret for GenericSSID/802-1x/password
Secret: S3cureW1f1Passw0rd
Key:    setting-name
Value:  802-1x
Key:    connection-uuid
Value:  6a762552-04b3-cd05-45ba-586688e0a029
Key:    xdg:schema
Value:  org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Connection
Key:    setting-key
Value:  password

GNOME Keyring stores each keyring as a collection in the secret service. You can see the default keyring, Login, in the output. The items represent:

A password added to the keyring using seahorse. The description is "Test  Password" and the actual password is "Tr0ub4dor&3".
An item added using the command secret-tool store --label="secret-tool item" "my key" "my value", then typing "s3cret-t00l" into the prompt.
A password for an ssh key so it can be automatically unlocked by gnome keyring. It was added using ssh-add from the command line, then checking the "Automatically unlock this key at login" box when it was first used.
A wifi network password added by selecting "Store the password only for this user" in the NetworkManager connection editor.

As you can see, passwords added to a keyring using Seahorse have a key value pair of "xdg:schema" and "org.gnome.keyring.Note". You can list them all using secret-tool search --all xdg:schema org.gnome.keyring.Note.


virtualbox - Failed to load VMMR0.r0 (VERR_SUPLIB_WORLD_WRITABLE), unable to start virtual machines

I have solved it by changing permission for /usr as

chmod o-w /usr


You likely need to access your laptop's bios to enable USB booting. The instructions to do this are unique to your laptop, however; you should be able to find instructions from your laptop manufacturer if you punch your model number into google.

Alternatively, you could burn the image to a DVD and run it off of your internal DVD drive if your laptop has one.


How to install ubuntu alongside windows?

One possibility to do it would be to use virtual machines, for instance, by using virtualbox. Virtualbox can be used to create a "new machine" within your existing system into which you can install.

Virtualbox is able to mount iso files so that even without a physical optical drive installer CDs can be made to appear as virtual optical drives on a client virtual machine.


It seems that Desktop Wall Plugin is config that you need to set, under ccsm -> Desktop Wall -> Edge Flipping Tab

Check Edge Flip Move and Edge Flip Dnd

Also el for Expo Edge  in ccsm-> Expo -> Bindings tab


What is that Dell laptop on Ubuntu home page?

Looks like Vostro 3500.

Too bad, that Dell doesn't offer it as one of laptops with pre-installed Ubuntu.


Why do variables set in my /etc/environment show up in my cron environment?

That answer is outdated (at least, that section is, which is from 2011). If you inspect /etc/pam.d/cron:

$ grep pam_env /etc/pam.d/cron
# Read environment variables from pam_env's default files, /etc/environment
# and /etc/security/pam_env.conf.
session       required   pam_env.so
session       required   pam_env.so envfile=/etc/default/locale

pam_env is the PAM module that loads /etc/environment, and as you can see, it is used by cron, at least as of 14.04. And I checked a 12.04 system, and it too had pam_env loaded for cron.


I had similar issue with not waking up after suspending, leaving me with black screen and processor running. There seems to be a bug in linux kernel that Ubuntu 16.04LTS is using. So upgrading the kernel to 4.4.8 solves the problem.

You can download the kernel for your system from here and set up.

Hopefully that solves your issue.


I want to stop an installation on terminal

Open software and updates and uncheck the option Installable from CD-ROM/DVD


Note taking software that supports images

You can try zim .

To install zim, run this command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install zim


No such file or directory error when starting UNetbootin in Ubuntu 14.04

You don't need to download unetbootin-linux-608 from any source, except from the official Ubuntu repositories. There is a better version of UNetbootin in the Ubuntu Software Center, or else you can install it from the terminal using the command:

sudo apt-get install unetbootin

You will not have any issues with loading shared libraries if you install this version.

UNetbootin has been dropped from the Ubuntu 18.04 repositories. When I tested the built-in Startup Disk Creator application as a UNetbootin replacement app with a non-*buntu live .iso image it worked in Ubuntu 18.04. Startup Disk Creator is my choice for a replacement for UNetbootin in Ubuntu 18.04 and later.


upstart bittorrent sync two configs for btsync

I think the best way to do it is to have a script that will manage the btsync application.
The script will monitor the time and restart the btsync application accordingly.

The script should look like (not tested):

#!/bin/bash

SUNRISE="06:00"
SUNSET="19:00"

RUNDIR=`basename "$0"`
PIDFILE="${RUNDIR}/.sync/sync.pid"
CONFWFILE="${RUNDIR}/.btsync_safe.confw"
CONFDAY="${RUNDIR}/btday.conf"
CONFNIGHT="${RUNDIR}/btnight.conf"

function start_bt
{
   start-stop-daemon --chdir "$RUNDIR" --pidfile "$PIDFILE" --start --exec ./btsync -- -c $1
   echo "$1" > "$CONFWFILE"
}

function stop_bt
{
   start-stop-daemon --pidfile "$PIDFILE" --stop
}

function which_conf
{
   curtime=`date +%H:%M`
   [ $curtime > "$SUNRISE"  && $curtime < "$SUNSET" ] && echo "$CONFDAY" || echo "$CONFNIGHT"
}

trap "stop_bt" EXIT

chdir $RUNDIR
for ((;;))
do
   sleep 60
   [ `cat "$CONFWFILE"` == `which_conf` ]  || stop_bt
   kill -0 `$PIDFILE` || start_bt `which_conf`
done


Create folder and move files from one drive to another

If you're able to boot into Ubuntu on the VM your issue is likely with your vdi setup. If you're new to VirtualBox this can be tricky, not to mention if you're new to Linux. You should take a look at this for how to set up the new vdi and partition/format/mount it in Linux:

http://www.vitalsofttech.com/add-disk-storage-to-oracle-virtualbox-with-linux/

If you're more a fan of graphical utilities you might want to look into the use of gparted for partitioning and formatting the disks inside Ubuntu:

https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/gparted/


Make files can be a little hard to decipher but opening it in an editor will allow you to see where it was installed to. In there you will see the install section those are the commands and the paths the files were copied to. After you determine where they went remove them in terminal with the rm /path/to/file/to/remove  command.


how to time a certain part of an executable?

You can time part of a bash script by using command grouping

#!/bin/bash

echo "foo"
sleep 1

time {
sleep 2
echo "bar"
sleep 3
}

sleep 1
echo "baz"

Ex.

$ ./somescript.sh
foo
bar

real    0m5.006s
user    0m0.005s
sys 0m0.001s
baz

Grouping with a subshell (i.e. parentheses in place of braces) should also work.


Enter BIOS from Ubuntu 14.04 (Ideapad Yoga 13 - Novo Button)

According to the manual, you enter the BIOS with the Novo button. Please see here.


Requires installation of untrusted packages?

Based on the errors you pasted in the comments section of my previous answer, I have another possible solution:

sudo apt-get clean
cd /var/lib/apt
sudo mv lists lists.old
sudo mkdir -p lists/partial
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update

This will rebuild the cache.
Courtesy:http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1983220#8


Integrated webcam in Dell laptop does not work on 18.04

You will need the package libuvc0 (USB Video Class library) installed, at a minimum. There may be other requirements as well.

libuvc0 will also install guvcview as a dependency. That is a simple viewer, which will allow you to test whether your system can access your camera. You can start guvcview from a terminal.


Generating .ovpn Config for android phone

This is how you create a .ovpn file:

Create a new txt file and rename as yourname.ovpn. Paste the following in into the txt file and replace with your domain name:

client
dev tun
proto udp
remote YOUR.DOMAIN 1194
resolv-retry infinite
nobind
persist-key
persist-tun
ca ca.crt
tls-client
remote-cert-tls server
auth-user-pass
comp-lzo
verb 1
reneg-sec 0

a reference is here: http://lukasz.cepowski.com/devlog/32,sample-openvpn-client-config-ovpn

Otherwise if you are using OpenVPN Access Server (which I would recommend), once you've set up your profile, you can get the .ovpn file in your similar directory of: C:\Program Files (x86)\OpenVPN Technologies\OpenVPN Client\etc\profile


First time start it with root privileges:

sudo kile

Next times it should start normally. This probably reflects a bug in the program.


ubuntu 16.10 konsole is very slow connecting to gb.archive.ubuntu.com

Note: it seems like you are connected to the Ubuntu mirror via IPv6 which might cause the slow respond

In order to use IPv4 only you can use the following methods
 suggested here:

  Add -o Acquire::ForceIPv4=true when running apt-get.

  If you want to make the setting persistent just create
  /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99force-ipv4 and put Acquire::ForceIPv4
  "true"; in it:

echo 'Acquire::ForceIPv4 "true";' | sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99force-ipv4

A few links which should help you get a faster mirror:

Using GUI: https://blog.kmonsoor.com/ubuntu-update-apt-get-server-to-use-fastest-mirror/

Using command line: http://tuxdiary.com/2015/06/13/find-fastest-ubuntu-mirror-cmdline/

Using apt-select: https://github.com/jblakeman/apt-select


How do I report an error in the USB install package?

This integrity check fails because the 18.04.1 live server image was reissued as 18.04.1.0 with a spot fix for a bug that caused the configured apt sources.list to be wrong on the system post-installation.  The nature of the spot fix meant that the image was built by modifying the previous 18.04.1 image rather than pushing a completely new image through the usual build chain, and as a result the need to update md5sum.txt within the image was overlooked.

You can do an offline verification that the image has not been compromised by checking both the gpg-signed checksums at http://releases.ubuntu.com/18.04.1/SHA256SUMS.gpg + http://releases.ubuntu.com/18.04.1/SHA256SUMS or by verifying that ./casper/filesystem.squashfs.gpg - which is listed among the modified files - is a  matching signature for ./casper/filesystem.squashfs and issued by the correct key (which is to say, the same key used for other images released by Ubuntu).

We will not reissue the image to correct the wrong checksum.  Instead, this image will be superseded by the 18.04.2 point release early next year.

As for the question of where to report this issue, the correct project to report image bugs is https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-cdimage/


How to install HPLIP 3.20.3 or above in Ubuntu 20.04

I have an HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 4535 All-In-One printer and the HPLIP version 3.21.2 works on my Ubuntu 20.04 LTS version. However, I must point out that the first installation of the HPLIP package (downloaded from the HPLIP website because the Ubuntu's package did not work) did not install properly. It failed to install my printer in wireless mode. But second time I went ahead and installed the printer in USB mode. It required a rebooting of the system. And currently it is working fine in USB mode and even the scanning function works smoothly. The GUI tray still poses problem.


It's a known bug posted here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1340376

Workaround: To turn disable USB3 in BIOS

Solution: to update BIOS to version 2.20 download link


How can I get Firefox to stop crashing on startup?

If it's /dev/shm permission error, then just do sudo chmod a+x /dev/shm/

Note: /dev/shm is a shared memory device, which the firefox uses.


This is because Unity is compiz based, to fix this:

sudo gedit /usr/share/icons/default/index.theme
 or gksu gedit /usr/share/icons/default/index.theme
and change the cursor name.
(source: forums)


ubuntu 16.10, unity: cannot login into computer after it goes to sleep

I must be an outlier. I was using the default nouveau display driver and changed it over to the nvidia 367.57 driver.
No longer am having an issue with screen lock.
Never experienced this before and I have been using ubuntu since warty.
Hope this helps someone else...


What does ubuntu server show on display under normal operation?

Ubuntu Server provides a login screen, with a number of text terminals available on default (configurable to allow more, or less as required).  Most servers though are used headless (no displays attached).

For help with Ubuntu Server, some resources are

Ubuntu Server Guide: web version, PDF version

Installing using the live server installer

Install Ubuntu Server

Yes you could add a GUI desktop to a server, but GUI desktops use resources so the machine will be less efficient (RAM/cycles used by GUI unavailable for serving tasks) which is why it's not there by default.  There are loads of questions on this site about adding that (eg. How do you run Ubuntu Server with a GUI?) however note some desktops are heavier than others, so I'd suggest a light desktop that meets your needs, and only if you absolutely have to have one.


How to fix Windows 8 statup and remove Ubuntu 14.04

try restoring the MBR of windows 8, using the fixmbr tool that comes with windows install, maybe this way you can boot windows normally and then delete the partitions of ubuntu from there, i had a similar issue with dual boot win7-ubuntu, here is a link to tutorial for restoring the MBR
http://www.redmondpie.com/how-to-fix-windows-8-mbr-master-boot-record
or asuming you use grub(ubuntu default) as boot manager
you can try entering ubuntu, opening the terminal(control+alt+t) and typing "sudo update-grub", check if after this you can see windows 8 in the grub boot menu


If your problem is to have all your documents everywhere you can use Ubuntu One.If you uploaded your files into web so you can access them whenever and wherever you want if you have access to the internet using web browser to download or upload files.


How to update from webupd8 team PPA (Oracle JDK 8/9) that got inconsistent with its GPG key?

This command should do the trick:

sudo apt-get --allow-releaseinfo-change update
sudo apt-get update

Have a nice day


Try going to the computer manufacter's web site and look for the wireless drivers for Windows and use windows wireless drivers from the Ubuntu web store. I hope that works, I have never had any wi-fi issues, so if this doesn't work, I'm sorry.


Windows 7+Ubuntu 12.04 dual boot partitioning confusion

You do not have three primary partitions but four.

System_drv
Windows7
Lenovo (d:)
Helthy (OEM partition)

I'm afraid you have to delete a partition, create an extended partition during installation and recreate as many partitions as needed.

Does your D: contain only data? If this is the case, you can backup the data to an external drive, delete the partition then during installation create an extended partition than covers all unallocated space after Windows 7 and inside it create three partitions: a new d: (NTFS), an Ubuntu partition (mount point /) and a swap partition (4Gb or so).


How to set up an Ubuntu server that only streams my personal media?

Have a look to Rygel, it is available from the standard Ubuntu repositories.

He has the ability to transcode the streamed media using a GStreamer plugin.
From the Rygel website :

Rygel provides some server media engines by default, to implement Rygel's streaming and (optionally) transcoding and seeking capabilites.

You may also implement your own media engine instead, to use a different multimedia framework.

  GStreamer media engine

  Rygel's GStreamer media engine uses the streaming, transcoding and seeking abilities of the GStreamer framework, which is available on most platforms.

  The source format may be anything GStreamer's decodebin can handle. The supported output formats are:

Audio:
    MP3
    LPCM
    AAC
Video:
    MPEG TS
    WMV version 1 (mainly for XBox 360 compatability)
    H.264 baseline with AAC audio in MP4 container

  Simple media engine

  The Simple media engine uses no multimedia framework and therefore offers no transcoding or time-based seeking.


Cannot boot after a failed update from Ubuntu 15.04 to 15.10 Update

You've got the lot: Logical volumes, overlapping partitions, unknown file systems, ...

So: the best thing you can do right now is to stop using your hard disk!

Then boot from an Ubuntu 15.10 Live DVD and: (increasing numbers means increasing difficulty and less of your data will be recovered)

Restore your latest full system back-up.
If you don't have a full system back-up, install 15.10 and do a file restore from your data backup (You did mention you had important files, so you must have a data back-up, right?)
Make a duplicate onto another (bigger) hard drive and do the recovery on the copy!  If you mess up the copy, just make another one!

Run PhotoRec first to recover your photo's onto your back-up drive (yeah: you need a back-up drive too!) so that you can skip them in the next step; manual here.
Run TestDisk to recover any other data; manual here.

Read how to efficiently back up a single PC here.


Boot either a Ubuntu or GParted Live CD.
Open GParted.
Right-click on the partition you wish to shrink.
Select Resize.
Shrink or Delete the target partition (make sure you leave at least a couple of GB for an OS to play with, especially Windows, unless you're deleting it completely).
Click Apply (tick at the right of the icons along the top, this might take a while, and you can't undo or stop it half-way through).
Right-click on your Ubuntu Partition.
Expand into all the free space.
Click Apply again.


Freeze when using notify-send from systemd service

OK, here's what I did to fix this problem when running scripts out of root's crontab. I'm still learning python, so you'll need to convert this info as required.

First, I added xhost authority for root to my .bashrc:

xhost + SI:localuser:root > /dev/null

Second, I added the following variables to root's crontab:

DISPLAY=":0.0"
XAUTHORITY="/home/me/.Xauthority"
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR="/run/user/1000"
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/1000/bus

Third, I ran each notify-send as me, something like this:

su me -c '/usr/bin/notify-send "Weekly backup started - $(date +%Y-%m-%d) @ $(date +%H:%M:%S)"'


This may not work for Installlation and you May Receive a Black Screen. Please Feel Comfortable with using the Recover Console and other methods before attempting to install,

How to install

Source is in Launchpad (bzr clone lp:lightdm) and tarball releases.
If you are using Ubuntu (Lucid or Maverick) you can install it from a PPA:

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:robert-ancell/lightdm
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install lightdm lightdm-theme-webkit lightdm-theme-gnome

You can test lightdm by running it in a window:

 sudo apt-get install xserver-xephyr

Create the file lightdm.conf:

 [Greeter]
  theme=webkit
  lightdm –test-mode -c lightdm.conf

Install LightDM on Ubuntu


How to completely remove windows 8 from laptop

what you see is value in GiB and not in GB

look here: http://wintelguy.com/gb2gib.html

931.3225746154785 GiB = 1000 GB

1TB (terabyte) = 0.90949470177293 TiB (tebibyte) = 931 GiB 330 MiB 324 KiB

So the answer is, your HDD has the full capacity it's supposed to.

Also merging those circa 60 GiB to some of yours partitions is possible, but in your current setup not very safe, moving, stretching would be neccessary and it can go wrong.

Answer to your first question is here: New ext4 partition and used space


Just create a .mid file containing All Sounds Off (120) or All Notes Off (123) controller messages for all channels.

Alternatively, use a GM Reset SysEx message (F0 7E 7F 09 01 F7).

If you cannot create .mid files, you can send commands directly with amidi:

amidi -p hw:X -S "f07e7f0901f7"

(Use amidi -l to see which port name to use.)


Errors shown while installing apps, but the apps still works

If the application is working, then it is a "warning". Hard to know the cause of the warning, my guess would be within the application itself or packaging in that the binary is looking for '/usr/lib32/libGLEW.so.1.5' to be a symbolic link. The lib is either not a symbolic link or the function is provided by an alternate lib.

Does either of the following commands give you a clue ?

ls -l /usr/lib32/libGLEW.so.1.5
file /usr/lib32/libGLEW.so.1.5

If the application is working, without problems, probably not worth spending too much time worrying about it.


What size should swap partition be if I want to hibernate later?

Swap = RAM indeed when you want to hibernate. However, it never hurts to have a little bit extra. On modern systems with terrabytes of data, 4GB is peanuts.

If you have a busy system that uses a lot of swap, I would definitely go for 8GB. Otherwise, all your swap will be killed when you hibernate and that could cause some trouble. If you rarely or never use swap, you could get closer to your 4GB, but even then it doesn't hurt to give it a little extra.

Systems that are too narrowly measured (in every sense of the words), tend to cause problems later on that cost more time and money to solve than the original extra that could've avoided the problems.


This is the tool recommended by Canonical for Android development (source) it's now called Ubuntu Make and it's a command-line tool for installing the latest version of the Android Studio and SDK along with all the required dependencies. It focuses on the LTS versions of Ubuntu (and, therefore, backports any updates that would be useful for Android developers to the LTS release of Ubuntu) since they realize that Android developers don't want to have to upgrade Ubuntu every 6 months, want stability but also want an updated development environment.

Their focus is on the LTS releases of Ubuntu so I recommend you install Ubuntu 14.04 LTS "Trusty Tahr" (and then install Ubuntu Make and Android Studio as described here).


If you are using Nautilus there is a possibility that

You have side panel disabled -> hit F9
You have side panel set to tree -> change it to places in the menu View>Sidebar>Places

Places will show you all drives. However on my system when I run Nautilus as sudo then I cannot see all drives apart from file system


Reduce the video resolution to 640x480 in Cheese preferences
Stop Cheese
Re-plug the camera
Start Cheese again.


Problem with reformatting Sandisk read-only USB drive

Maybe there are errors on the disk. I think I remember that I could not mount a disk in read/write when the OS had problems with the disk.

Maybe TestDisk might help here. Or you could try to fix it with fsck. But if it is a vfat filesystem, you could also try a Windows checkdisk program like chkdsk or the GUI program of it in Windows. If you have Windows at hand you could additionally try to reformat it with Windows. Maybe that will work.

You could also try removing the partitions and then build them again.


If you haven't used parts that depend on Unity or phone-specific devices, it's possible to get some part of the Ubuntu-Components compile on Windows or Mac.

If there are no Ubuntu-Components used - then it's an ordinary Qt application that can be compiled for anything.


You can prevent users from editing application configuration files, if you transfer their ownership to another user, e. g.

sudo chown -R root:lusername ~lusername/.config/compiz-1
sudo chmod -R go-w,g+rX ~lusername/.config/compiz-1


'invalid HTTP proxy (http://localhost:4001 ): bad URI' error adding a GPG key

This was failing because I was using a proxy server, I have disable it and it worked.

After disabling the network proxy on the network tool this was solved


You haven't mentioned which version of Lubuntu you are using but let me say that I encountered this problem in Lubuntu 12.04 but not in Lubuntu 12.10.

It was discussed quite a bit over here: Empty spaces in lxpanel when using xfce4-power-manager.

A relevant bug appear to be: empty space between time applet and nm-applet.


How do you record the audio from a web flash video, e.g. from Hulu or YouTube, and make an audio podcast

There are several ways to gather youtube audio. Which includes the usage of Audacity and Mobile Media Converter.

For other video hosting services, you may also use Audacity to live record the audio.

Sorry, this is what I can say about this question, I don't know how to convert this to a podcast for sharing in the net, but for a later listening on iPod or SanDisk player, you can try dropping the audio files inside of it.

Good luck!


pynag package not showing up in apt-get?

pynag and python-pynag were added to the repositories in Ubuntu 13.10, so you'll need to use another option to install them.


Enabling an HTML5 app for Cordova probably requires you to run the latest version of Ubuntu (14.04).

Open the SDK and select an HTML5 project:

Then go as suggested by the documentation to Tools > Ubuntu > Add Cordova runtime to HTML5 project:


Ubuntu asked me to update but is not connected to the internet and hasn't been used for weeks

It's not malware.

Those are upgrades you had available last time you were connected. Ubuntu checks the package system for downloaded-but-not-installed upgrades at startup.

Install them.


How to find out the regional code of a DVD drive in Ubuntu?

sudo apt install regionset

insert a cd or dvd and ...

$ regionset
regionset version 0.1 -- reads/sets region code on DVD drives
Current Region Code settings:
RPC Phase: II
type: NONE
vendor resets available: 4
user controlled changes resets available: 5
drive plays discs from region(s):, mask=0xFF


How to give different groups different permissions on a specific folder?

Let me get this straight:

You want group1 to have read/write access to a particular folder.
You want group2 to have read-only access to that folder.
You don't want others to have read access to that folder.

By default, Linux's permission system does not allow for this. The reason is simple: for each inode there are only three bits (rwx) that describe permissions for a particular group, namely the group that owns the file/directory referred to by that inode. Any user who is not the owner nor belongs to that group automatically falls under others. In practice this is most often sufficient, but in some rare cases it may not be.

The good news is that Linux actually supports ACLs (access control lists), which allow for a much more fine-grained access control. In order to enable ACLs, you have to add acl to the mount options. For instance, if the partition that contains the directory where you want to set up advanced access control is mounted like this in /etc/fstab:

/dev/sda1  /      ext4    defaults                    0 1

...you would change that to:

/dev/sda1  /      ext4    acl,defaults                0 1

Then you need to remount the filesystem (e.g., mount -o remount /dev/sda1), or simply reboot.

Next let's make sure your folder /path/to/folder grants read/write access for group1. The permissions should look something like

drwxrwx---   2 owner group1      4096 Dec 14 02:42 folder

Additionally, you want to grant read access for group2, and no access at all for others. To achieve this, issue the command

setfacl -m g:group2:rx /path/to/folder

That's it. You can look into the ACL permissions of that folder later by using getfacl, namely:

getfacl /path/to/folder

More information here: ACLs: Extended file-permissions.


After upgrade to Ubuntu 15.10 can't connect via SSH

Resolved by upgrading my version of PuTTY (from a 2013 version to current 0.65).

Presumably there's some security hole which has been fixed up in the past couple of years. Always pays to stay current with software!


latest kernel update (.38) doesn't boot in 3D

From grub you should be able to choose to boot to previous versions. You will then have a list of choices with all the previous kernels.

I just followed these instructions to remove a kernel I didn't want.


Try logging into the virtual terminal (ctrl+alt+f1, ctrl+alt+f7 to get back). This brings up a login prompt, so enter your username followed by the password. Then you can lauch sudo startx -- :1 and see the errors there; the new desktop will be on terminal 8 (ctrl+alt+f8). Please post the errors reported by the startx command:

sudo -i
startx -- :1 &> /home/username/output.txt
chmod -rw-rw-r--
exit


I would use ddrescue myself.

I'd suggest looking up https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DataRecovery for more information, and especially note the caution:

  You should NOT write to the failed device, as it can worsen a hardware
  failure, and overwrite existant data in case of lost files .

(it's covered in the Imaging a damaged device, filesystem or drive section)


Please follow the steps below to run Kippo and Kippo-Graph on ubuntu 18.04 and later to this time.

Install dependencies:

sudo apt install build-essential python-mysqldb apache2 python-dev libmysqlclient-dev python-virtualenv python-pip mysql-server mysql-client libapache2-mod-php php-cli php-common php-cgi php-mysql php-gd php-xml php-curl php-gmp php-bcmath

Set up mysql to work with kippo playlog:

2a. Use the code below to create and open disable_strict_mode.cnf in the editor:

sudo nano /etc/mysql/conf.d/disable_strict_mode.cnf

2b. Copy and paste this code into the editor and save it and exit the editor:

sql_mode=IGNORE_SPACE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

Start the mysql server:

sudo service mysql start

OR restart it if it is already started:

sudo service mysql restart

Login to mysql server:

sudo mysql -u root -p

Run the code below (one line at a time) to create the database and user for Kippo:

CREATE DATABASE kippo;
GRANT ALL ON kippo.* TO 'kippo'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'kippo';
exit

Run the code below (one line at a time) to create a user for kippo in Ubuntu:

sudo useradd -m kippo
sudo passwd kippo

Exit sudo user with exit and login with kippo user:
Run the code below (one line at a time) to set up Kippo:

git clone https://github.com/desaster/kippo
cd kippo/doc/sql
mysql -u kippo -p
USE kippo
source mysql.sql;
show tables;
exit
cd ..
cd ..
cp kippo.cfg.dist kippo.cfg

Run the command below and uncomment mysql and add kippo mysql user as kippo and password as kippo and save and exit the editor:

nano kippo.cfg

Run the commands below (one line at a time) to create a python virtual environment and prepare it to run Kippo:

cd
virtualenv kippo_env
. ./kippo_env/bin/activate
pip install twisted==15.1.0
pip install pyasn1
pip install pycrypto
pip install MySQL-python
cd kippo/

Run Kippo on port 2222 by default:

./start.sh /home/kippo/kippo_env/

Run the commands below (one line at a time) to install Kippo-Graph *optional:

cd /var/www/html
sudo wget http://bruteforcelab.com/wp-content/uploads/kippo-graph-1.5.1.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf kippo-graph-1.5.1.tar.gz
sudo rm kippo-graph-1.5.1.tar.gz
sudo mv kippo-graph-1.5.1 kippo-graph
cd kippo-graph
sudo chmod 777 generated-graphs
sudo cp config.php.dist config.php

Run the command below to edit the Kippo-Graph configuration file and fill in mysql host, Kippo user as kippo and password as kippo and other options if required:

sudo nano config.php

Run the command below to run apache server:

sudo service apache2 start

Done. Kippo-Graph can be accessed at http://localhost/kippo-graph/


How to save VPN passwords with NetworkManger for nmcli?

When you set up your VPN connection through the GUI the password is saved in the key-ring. If you save your password in the connection file, like this:

sudoedit /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/MyConnectionExampleName

in this file:

    # 1 here means key-ring I  think, but with 0, the password below is  used
    [vpn]
    password-flags=0
    cert-pass-flags=0

    [vpn-secrets]
    password=my_secret_password
    cert-pass=my_secret_certificate_password


If you mean the user icon that appears in the user switching menu, I don't think it is possible.

You should be able to simply put the user icon in a file called .face in /etc/guest-session/skel/.

However, I just tried doing this, and it doesn't seem to work at all, for although the .face file shows up when logged into the guest account, it does not show in the fast user switching menu. When logged into the guest account, "Guest Session" doesn't even show up in the menu, so I don't know if it would show then.


What happened next

I found a boot up work around by booting grub > Ubuntu advanced menu > recovery mode > then running dpgk and start. Normal functionality was restored, but the same trouble reappeared at each subsequent start up. That boot up worked about two times out of three.

After a bit of research I installed “Ubuntu Cleaner” through it’s ppa. Running “System” on the Janitor feature took quite a while but seemed to have effected a cure. I  booted up about 10 times, all seemed OK, but the old trouble then started again.

I eventually gave up on a fix, backed everything up on to a portable drive, and did a total reinstall of a fresh copy of 18.04. A couple of weeks down the line, that seems to have fixed it.