If you want to preserve your current installation, the easiest probably would be to create a partition in the free space, then have that mounted automatically during start up (include it in /etc/fstab) so you can use it for storing user data. In Linux, you can easily create symbolic links pointing to folders on the data partition. These symbolic links act and feel like normal folders, and make data anywhere accessible from within the home folder of the user.
It is in principle possible to 1) move your current system partition to the front of the disk then 2) expand it to fill the free space, but step 1) will be very slow, and does not always succeed well. Thus, it is a relatively risky operation.
At some time in the future, on the occasion of a new Ubuntu version, you may choose to completely reinstall fresh, wiping the entire disk. You should actually do this now and then: upgrading an Ubuntu version is not always seamless. For example, last upgrade, I had an issue where libreoffice-windows would sometimes not be updated on the screen (I typed, but saw nothing, after swithching away then back it would work again). A fresh install of Ubuntu 20.10 resolved this.


Actually I realized I had forgotten to first run the command:

sudo zpool import data

This is now okay.


Conky-all and vlc packages are available at universe repositories. You have to enable universe repository inorder to install these two packages,

 sudo add-apt-repository universe
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install vlc
 sudo apt-get install conky-all


Not sure about Intel integrated graphics

Try lspci -v | grep -E 'VGA|3D'. Some machines report the Nvidia card as "3D controller". For that error message, see failed to get i915 symbols, graphics turbo disabled error on boot.

You are using the Intel graphics by default, you do not need to do anything. If you want to use the Nvidia card, see Is a NVIDIA GeForce with Optimus Technology supported by Ubuntu?. Usually you do not need the Nvidia card at all, I just disabled mine. The only time I really need it was for an OpenGL 3.1 application that could not run on the Intel one.


How to prevent laptop from overheating in backpack?

I've written a script that counts seconds with the lid closed[1] and shutdowns the system after 1 minute. I've seen that every once in a few months my laptop will not go to suspend[2] and it will get REALLY hot inside my backpack and I'll get really sad/mad.

Anyway to answer your direct question here is a script that will beep every 1 second when lid is closed:

while sleep 1; do
    grep 'closed' /proc/acpi/button/lid/LID0/state && beep
done

But I don't recommend you use it. The reason is that I've not found a reliable way to make a loud beep from a laptop (or most today’s desktops). And besides: what if you don't hear the beeps (your laptop is most likely inside a bag that protects it and suppresses audio output from it)? I suggest you just shutdown the system after one minute of beeps.

[1] I'm checking the contents of /proc/acpi/button/lid/LID0/state to find out if the lid is closed.

[2] syslog will have a line stating that Freezing of tasks failed after 20.xxx seconds


How do I prevent 18 screensaver windows from opening?

KDE System Settings > Startup and Shutdown > Session Management - exclude the screen savers from the restored.


Here's your problem:

Warning: /dev/sdb contains GPT signatures, indicating that it has a GPT table.
However, it does not have a valid fake msdos partition table, as it should.
Perhaps it was corrupted -- possibly by a program that doesn't understand GPT
partition tables.  Or perhaps you deleted the GPT table, and are now using an
msdos partition table.  Is this a GPT partition table?
Yes/No? y

I started to write a response telling you how to fix it, but there are just too many decision points to do that without writing a small book. In the meantime, STOP USING THE DISK. Some possible configurations of that disk are DANGEROUS, and you might end up trashing important data if you write more data to the disk.

The simplest fix is to wipe the disk and start over. If you've got important user data, back up first. To do so safely, mount whatever you can read-only.

If you really need to recover it in place, it may be possible, but will require a number of checks and expertise to figure out the correct course of action. If you want to start this, please show the output of:

sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb

...and also, the same parted output you showed, but use unit s print rather than simply print.

FYI, I expect that you used a GPT-unaware tool to partition the disk, which left you with an MBR disk with leftover GPT data. This configuration confuses parted. Somehow you managed to create new GPT partitions without damaging the MBR data. Windows' partitioning tools are known to create a fresh MBR without wiping GPT data, so installing Windows will sometimes do this.


Ubuntu 12.10 install stuck at first step

Check the md5sum of your downloaded iso, (in windows use http://www.winmd5.com/), get the checksum to compare with from https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuHashes, if the sums are the same burn the iso on another dvd preferably on a regular dvd and try again. If the sums are not the same redownload ubuntu.


Okay so i had to specify the key i want to use with '-i'

e.g.

ssh -i ~/.ssh/mykey user@foo.bar

EDIT: You can also add a config file at ~/.ssh/config and add the following code

host *
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/mykey

then you don't have to use the -i ... parameter


How to install(not live cd!) Ubuntu on USB flash that will be bootable on mac

I experienced this on a friend's mid 2011 iMac.

What I did was burn rEFInd onto a CD, and then, when I wanted to boot from the Ubuntu USB drive, I would first boot to the CD, and then from the CD's menu boot Ubuntu.

You can get rEFInd here.

If you don't want to use a CD to boot the USB drive, I suggest you give this page a read. http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html


Try this :

sudo apt-get install firmware-atheros


How to download app from apps.ubuntu.com?

This needs to open with Software Center.  Click on choose, and for browse for Ubuntu Software Center in /usr/bin/software-center.


How can I find the full path name for the icons for running apps shown at the bottom of the Ubuntu MATE screen?

You need to look the folder with your application and find possible icon file here.
Then run MATE Menu Editor (mozo) again and choose found icon for you application.
Other way to call MATE Menu Editor is to click on Applications and select Edit Menus:

go to the category of your application, then edit its icon by left click on it or right-click and selecting Properties.

You can make the same for the launcher on desktop by right-clicking on it and selecting Properties:

then click on big icon button:

and choose needed icon file

and enjoy.

Notes:
1. MATE Menu Editor may be installed with sudo apt install mozo.
2. Some applications does not have icons for taskbar / dock and will show with default one ().


Lubuntu can be downloaded in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions from here.

Both versions are supported and run nicely in Virtual Box. You may even install and run a virtualized 64-bit guest operation system on a 32-bit host (see here for prerequisites and details).


Weather notification attached to clock applet

The Canadian location that I have in the Weather tool on my computer includes the province.

When I go to the Choose Location screen and type "Ottawa" I get a suggested entry of "Ottawa, Ontario, Canada". Using the suggested location results in the weather icon beside the placename, but if I enter "Ottawa, Canada" no weather information is displayed.

Try adding a new location and make sure to select the name suggestion that should appear when you type "Ottawa". I have found some quirks with the weather locations on the clock menu, at least on my system. (I have explained them below.)

On my Ubuntu system, in order to get the weather icon I had to actually select the suggested location name rather than typing the full name.

If Ubuntu has not recognized the location the full "text of the "Location Name" field (e.g. "Ottawa, Ontario, Canada") will be displayed. If the location has been recognized the display will shorten that to just "Ottawa". The weather icon only seems to appear when Ubuntu recognizes the name.

Here is what I did:

I went to the Locations tab of the Clock Preferences and added a location named "Ottawa, Canada" with a time zone of "Eastern Time (GMT-5 / GMT-4)".
I then edited the location I just added, and changed the location name to "Ottawa, Ontario, Canada".
Without clicking on the suggested name that popped up, I clicked OK.

At this point the Locations list displayed "Ottawa, Ontario, Canada" without weather.

Finally, I edited the location again, and backspaced some letters to get the suggestion popup to reappear. I selected "Ottawa, Ontario, Canada" from the popup and clicked OK again. Now the Locations listed displayed "Ottawa" with a weather icon.

I even tried copying all of the information from a working location entry (including the latitude and longitude) into a new location. The only way I could get the weather icon was by actually selecting the appropriate name from the suggestion popup.


Is Ubuntu participating as a mentoring organization in google code in 2018

Searching https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/organizations/ for Ubuntu or Canonical comes up empty. GNOME and KDE are listed.

Searching for Linux also doesn't list Canonical or Ubuntu.


Can't remove redirect malware on firefox

you have to purge firefox not just remove

sudo apt-get purge firefox

Delete the .mozilla directory from your home

sudo rm -rf ~/.mozilla

Now install firefox again.


Ubuntu 19.10 is an edition with short time support. It is now end of life for just a little time, so indeed remaining installs cannot anymore be updated. Your only option now is to perform a fresh install.
A fresh install is in general the best approach. You then start afresh with a new system configured according to the latest insights. No old configuration data is lingering around.


I have numpy but still getting "No module called 'numpy'"

Restart your computer. If you installed numpy with pip install numpy , it installed on your default python version.
Try to execute it with python3


Ubuntu failed to boot: "Failed to load image \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi" corrupted

You'll probably need to run from an install media, do a chroot, reinstall grub. However, if your EFI partition is not corrupted (you have a dual boot, right?), then maybe running efibootmgr will be enough.

Your grub-install will look something like this (don't copy):

grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=Ubuntu

If the EFI entry is wrong (the "BOOT" part in the path looks like windows' efi boot), but the files are there, then you can create a new entry in your bios/setup/efi manager (choose desired name, select device, navigate to the right file).
If you want to do it from linux - use efibootmgr, something like (don't copy):

efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sdX -part NUM_OF_YOUR_ROOT_PARTITION -l /EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi -L Ubuntu

If your efi partition got corrupted - you'll have to recreate (create partition and format with FAT (e.g. mkfs.msdos)). Then you'd probably need to install the other os' boot manager and then ubuntu's.

And when done - you may create a backup of your partition table (with sgdisk).


'rospack Error: package 'rosserial_arduino' not found' when trying to run 'rosrun rosserial_arduino make_libraries.py' when it IS there

Got it working by moving all the rosserial files to trash and then running the sudo apt-get install method. I did try it first but it just wouldn't work, but did now for whatever reason...


My PATH variable seems to be set OK, but does not work

So you have the executable xlsx2csv in your ~/.local/bin folder, which is added to the $PATH variable correctly (even twice, which should be fixed, but is not critical).

It is correctly recognized as executable there, as we can see from the output of type -a xlsx2csv, which lists us all types/locations of the given command (could be e.g. shell built-in/function/alias or executable file - type help type for more info).

However, Bash believes it can be found as /usr/bin/xlsx2csv, as you see in the error when trying to invoke it.

This is a result of Bash (and other shells) using an internal hash table to speed up command look-ups. Probably the wrong entry is there because you had such an executable in that location earlier and ran it, but then it got moved or uninstalled and reinstalled int he other location.

Normally Bash resets its hash table when there are events that obviously invalidate it, like when you change the $PATH variable. It did obviously not recognize your re-installation procedure there though, but we can reset it manually:

hash -r

This command above resets Bash's command hash table and clears all the cached command location entries, forcing it to do a regular look-up in your $PATH the next time you type any command. You can see the current hash table by typing hash only. For more information, read its help by typing help hash. You can also visit What is the purpose of the hash command? (Unix & Linux SE) for more information about Bash's command location hashing.


Why I am getting Can't open /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions error?

Install clamav using apt:
sudo apt-get install clamav*, and you will not have these problems anymore.
What you have downloaded doesn't seem to be suitable for Ubuntu 12.04.


First of all, two silly questions: is your computer's WiFi lamp on? Is your wireless network working OK?

If so, can you see the Network Manager icon at the upper right hand corner? If so, click on it and choose Edit. After choosing the right parameters, you may need to turn networking and wireless off and then on, using this same menu.

You can also check whether the Broadcom module is present:

lsmod | grep bcm

(However, if your install proceeded OK, this module should have been installed.)


Changing settings on pulse audio should bring up the sound on your mic.

here's my current config

Update:

I found the permanent fix. Changing the Input Device values under gstreamer-properties did the trick for me.

Follow this Link for more info


I was also facing the same problem , in Ubuntu 12.10i was not able to open the software centre.

The solution for my problem was as root level rights i just updated the apt-get:

apt-get update

after updating I opened the software centre and I was able to open.


The fan on my laptop runs constantly in Ubuntu

I guess you haven't set up fancontrol yet. Fancontrol is an application which slows down your fans according to the temperature of your cpu. This is an excellent guide to set it up.


compressing a list of files by using tar

If you want to tar all files listed in filename.list, you should use the tar -T filename.list command rather than tar 'cat filename.list'.

From  the tar manpage:

 -T, --files-from FILE
       get names to extract or create from FILE

Using -T will prevent you from getting the error:

-bash: /bin/tar: Argument list too long

if you try to compress a large number of files.

In order to prevent recursive compression of directories, use the --no-recursion flag, as suggested by @Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams. The final command becomes:

tar -pcf filename.tgz -T filename.list --no-recursion


Keyboard layout switches randomly on me, without the system rebooting

The layout you have configured is English (US, intl., with dead keys), but it sounds as if you want the basic English (US) layout.
Open the /etc/default/keyboard file for editing and change the line
XKBVARIANT="intl"

to
XKBVARIANT=""

and reboot.


Cron script to get current date, match the month number with folder number and zip it

I believe you're looking for $(date +\%m), which will give you the current month in a two-digit format. From here you can:
0 * * * * zip -r backup_$(date +\%m).zip /data/files-$(date +\%m)

Which would create a file named backup_02.zip containing all the files located in /data/files-02. Naturally, do update the file and directory names for your own specific use case.
Hope this helps


Accessing web app running in a VM from host using SSH tunnel

You left off the local IP address in your command, which implies either use "127.0.0.1:8080" or "localhost:8080" in your local browser... or, alternatively, add the local IP that you want to use in the SSH command.
I tested with zim and started its web browser in one of my Virtualbox VMs..
If I wanted to use any other "local host" ip like 127.10.10.1 in my browswer, I had to specifically designate it: ssh -L 127.10.10.1:5151:192.168.100.100:6968 grinch@192.168.100.100
This worked using either the remote ssh server or the local ssh server (grinch@192.168.100.5) and I did not have to change sshd_config as AllowTcpForwarding is set to yes by default.
The only real blocker was attempting to use a specific IP address in the browser without designating one in the ssh -L command.


Apache2 Web Server FIle/Folder Permissions

Why don't you do a:

chown don.www-data html

Or:

chown www-data.users html
adduser don users


Screen turns off while VLC is playing movies in Kubuntu

There are couple of settings that you should check in VLC:
1) Tools --> Preferences --> Show All --> Video --> Disable screensaver
2) Tools --> Preferences --> Show All --> Advanced --> Inhibit the power management daemon during playback
If both of this options are checked, you could try a simple wrapper script which disables the monitor modes that will power down, standby or blank the screen prior to calling VLC:

#!/bin/bash

#Disable modes
/usr/bin/xset -dpms &
/usr/bin/xset s off &

#Open VLC
/usr/bin/vlc "$@"

#Re-enable modes
/usr/bin/xset dpms
/usr/bin/xset s on
exit


I experience the same crash / freezing on my laptop showing two displays (built-in plus external monitor). I have learned I am able to recover by unplugging the additional monitor, and then teams became responsive after a few seconds. I typically then kill Teams and restart the app. To me, this could be a combination of GPU driver and Teams resource demands.
Teams v 1.4.00.7556 amd64
x11
Ubuntu 20.04


Wine maybe?
They were successfully running VFP 7:
https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=application&iId=296

8 years ago there were issues with Windows dlls needed to be copied:
https://www.winehq.org/pipermail/wine-users/2006-March/020756.html


Installation asks me to select "network" but displays network interface cards

It makes sense since, before connecting to the network, it's asking  you what interface  do you want to use.  In your case, you only have one, but you could for example have two wireless cards, or a wireless and an Ethernet cable.
Anyway, if you're not sure, you can skip this step (not connect to the network). In fact, I always do that to skip the updating step during the installation. Once the system is installed, you can launch the regular update. The  result is the same but at least you can be using the system while updating instead of being staring at the install screen.


It may be that one or more of the cells in the battery are failing and hence the total capacity is severely reduced.  The battery uevent sys interface should be able to show the design full capacity and you current maximum battery capacity.  For example, I have an old Dell laptop that shows:

$ cat /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/uevent
POWER_SUPPLY_NAME=BAT0
POWER_SUPPLY_STATUS=Unknown
POWER_SUPPLY_PRESENT=1
POWER_SUPPLY_TECHNOLOGY=Li-ion
POWER_SUPPLY_CYCLE_COUNT=0
POWER_SUPPLY_VOLTAGE_MIN_DESIGN=11100000
POWER_SUPPLY_VOLTAGE_NOW=12399000
POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_FULL_DESIGN=4800000
POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_FULL=2476000
POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_NOW=2418000
POWER_SUPPLY_CAPACITY=97
POWER_SUPPLY_CAPACITY_LEVEL=Normal
POWER_SUPPLY_MODEL_NAME=DELL 00
POWER_SUPPLY_MANUFACTURER=
POWER_SUPPLY_SERIAL_NUMBER=53355

In the above example, the CHARGE_FULL_DESIGN is much higher than the actually CHARGE_FULL, showing that the battery has some cell degradation since it cannot be charged to the design full level.

Lithium-Ion laptop batteries can handle about 1000 charge/discharge cycles, so 3 years of usage is probably hitting this threshold.


From https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CompilingEasyHowTo:

  If you got this far, you've done the hardest part already. Now all you
  need to do is run the command

make which does the actual building (compiling) of the program.

  If it's a large program or if you've got a very slow computer, go and
  get a cup of coffee or something. If you have a multi-core processor
  you can also set the variable CONCURRENCY_LEVEL to the number of
  processors/cores you have to speed things up a little.

  When it's done, install the program. You probably want to use sudo checkinstall which puts the program in the package manager for clean, easy removal later. This replaces the old sudo make install
  command.


Image editors to convert images to WebP for Ubuntu?

There is a plugin for the Gimp that provides the ability to load and export WebP images. You can install the package (gimp-webp) from this PPA:

  ppa:george-edison55/webp  (Click here for instructions on using PPAs.)

The commands for doing this would be:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:george-edison55/webp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gimp-webp

Once the package is installed, open up the Gimp and you will now be able to export images to the WebP format:

The package is currently available for Trusty, Utopic, Vivid, and Wily.

Disclaimer: I am the author of the plugin.


Unity Launcher autohide not working correctly

Sometimes this happens to me, to solve press and hold the super key(Windows Key) for 5 seconds and autohide back to normal.


What is ulimit and how to install in Ubuntu?

ulimit is a built-in command of the bash shell. It is used to control the resources available to a bash shell and all the programs that are started from this shell. Thus, it can be used by the system administrator to control the resources available to the users by setting the ulimit in the file /etc/profile.

However, a better way of limiting user resources is through the pam_limits(8) module. See man limits.conf, man pam_limits. We are leaving here the beginner's playground, though.


How to get backup and restore the software from a unbootable hard drive

Mount the drive from the live-usb session, do chroot /mnt (assuming the drive is mounted at /mnt), followed by the first three lines from this answer (as if the drive were bootable). Depending on the exact directory structure on that drive, you may need to replace ~/ with some directory that you know exists.


Update all packages of 11.04, then upgrade to 11.10 or upgrade to 11.10 without updating packages?

Well, as you probably know, upgrades of any OS should not be done lightly and you want them to go as smooth as possible.

Honestly my advice is :

Back up your data first. This includes making a list of all installed packages, $HOME, and any configuration files you manually edited in /etc/ or elsewhere. Server side it is going to include backing up databases and configuration files. See this link for details on generating a package list
Read the release notes. The release notes list known problems and give advice. Oneiric Release Notes
I always boot the new version as a live CD first. I want to identify any potential problems with my hardware BEFORE I upgrade.
To answer your question, yes I always upgrade all the packages installed on the system first, then upgrade the distribution. sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -> reboot -> then upgrade to new release.

If all those steps seem like too much hassle, it is often easier to make a separate /home partition, back up /home, test the new version, and do a fresh install.

Skipping any of the above steps is, IMO, asking for problems.


Seems like you've got broken packages and driver issues, this is how you can fix it (re)install the drivers:

First fix your held broken packages:

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update

Then make sure you have no Nvidia drivers left installed:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*

Then (re)install the current Nvidia drivers:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

Don't forget to reboot:

sudo reboot


Get $HOME and/or username without using C++

I do not believe there is any way to do this using QML only, without C++.  I am a C++ Qt developer, but I don't use QML much, so there may be some way that I am not aware of.

My understanding of QML is that it is primarily used for describing a UI for which any non-trivial backend code is implemented in either PyQt or C++.  Additionally, QML is meant to be completely cross-platform, and obtaining a User ID is not a platform agnostic operation.

If I were you and I was set on not using C++, I might try asking this question on Stack Overflow.  There may be someone there with more expertise.


You're confusing disk partitions and physical memory. Your disk partitions look fine, although your swap partition may be a little small, for the limited physical memory that you have installed.

The problem that you're having is that you've requested that the guest OS use more of physical memory than what's available. You either need to reduce the 4096GB RAM for the guest OS, or install more physical memory.

Cheers, Al


How to use 12voip.com (Betamax) SIP service for calling and sendingSMS?

Install Ekiga from software center then run it and edit account information .
Enter registrar to sip.12voip.com, your username (put the same in account name), and your password.


I can't burn a CD in 12.04. I can only read data from a CD

I assume that you are using Brasero. It seems to be a regression since this error was reported before (9.10, if I remember well).

My opinion is to use K3b:

sudo apt-get install k3b


Where to install bootloader when installing a second Linux OS?

From my experience you should install the bootloader in the hard drive itself instead of a partition, most likely /dev/sda (unless you are using a mac with OSX where you need to install EFI in the hard drive and create a partition for the bootloader).

Every time you add a new distro grub checks for installed OSs in each partition and it will update your grub screen with an option for each OS.

The only thing that will happen is that some distros have a different look and feel for grub so it might not be as nice depending on what partition you install last.

Finally if you want to update your grub (because you broke it or don't like the looks of it) you can put a live cd (or usb or whatever you fancy) and fix it. There are some guides for it. My point there is that you can play around without actually losing information though backups are always in place ;)


How to fix the panel indicator display errors?

There is a bug for this one already:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-panel/+bug/660877

It doesn't have any other people saying anything in it, so I'm not sure whether it is known to the devs. I have had a look for a fix, and it seems like this will work:

create ".gtkrc-2.0" file in your home firectory, and put this in it:

include "/usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc"
gtk-icon-theme-name = "ubuntu-mono-dark"

Hope this fixes it for you :-)


How to remove command-line history from a specific time period?

While it is possible to store the time at which a command was run, the history manipulation commands do not use time as a reference. Look up HISTTIMEFORMAT in man bash:

HISTTIMEFORMAT
      If  this  variable  is  set and not null, its value is used as a
      format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated
      with  each  history  entry displayed by the history builtin.  If
      this variable is set, time stamps are  written  to  the  history
      file  so they may be preserved across shell sessions.  This uses
      the history comment character  to  distinguish  timestamps  from
      other history lines.

If you had set HISTTIMEFORMAT before you ran the commands you wanted to delete, your .bash_history would have lines like so:

$ tail -4 ~/.bash_history
#1449955320
history
#1449955329
history -w

Then you could take advantage of the Unix timestamps to delete them, using awk, for example:

awk -F# -v end=$(date -d yesterday +%s) \
  -v start=$(date -d 'now - 3 days' +%s) \
  '$2 < start || $2 > end {print; getline; print}'

I'm not sure how this command will work with multi-line commands, but you could maybe count the timestamps to get the number assigned to a command, and then use history to delete it.

If you hadn't set HISTTIMEFORMAT beforehand, then you'll have to do this manually.


Shotwell 0.8 will include basic video support: http://trac.yorba.org/ticket/855.  You can import video from a camera and organize it in your library (tags, events) just like a photo.  No editing however, and if you double-click, it will launch a movie player.  We hope one day to host the player inside Shotwell itself: http://trac.yorba.org/ticket/2820

If you'd like to try it now and see if it works with your camera and its movie types, you can run from trunk: http://www.yorba.org/shotwell/install/#source

Otherwise, 0.8 should be out soon.


How to set which monitor the menu bar appears on?

Set gnome-panel to the first (laptop) monitor type

   gconftool-2 --set "/apps/panel/toplevels/top_panel_screen0/monitor" --type integer "0"

For the second (external) monitor use

   gconftool-2 --set "/apps/panel/toplevels/top_panel_screen0/monitor" --type integer "1"

If you use awn instead of gnome-panel, this will work too.


Mount snap "hello": read-only file system

Issue resolved. My bad. This is first install on SSD.
I followed the recommendation to change the /etc/fstab and add the noatime flag. I miss-typed the flag and after the reboot the / filesystem was mounted as readonly.
I decided to reboot and noticed a message at boot time indicating the / filesystem was readonly. Corrected the flag, rebooted and was able to install the hello application successfully.


Problem installing older version of Firefox

Download Firefox Extended Support Release (ESR, version 52) for Linux from the official Mozilla website, and install it alongside the default Firefox that comes with Ubuntu by following the instructions in this answer. Then you can update the default Firefox as usual while Firefox ESR remains at version 52.


Disable USB autosuspend for Wester Digital My Passport Ultra

I created my own udev rule. Create file: /etc/udev/rules.d/usb-power.rules.

Try this rule:

ACTION=="add", ATTR{idVendor}=="1058", ATTR{idProduct}=="0827", RUN="/bin/sh -c 'echo 0 >/sys/\$devpath/authorized'"


I had the same problem with the Raspberry Pi4 (2GB).

Did you check the X server log file?
It should be located in ~/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log.

In my case it read:

...
(WW) Warning, couldn't open module fbdev
(EE) Failed to load module "fbdev" (module does not exist, 0)
...
Fatal server error:
(EE) no screens found(EE)
...

So I installed the missing fbdev module (took me some time to figure out the exact name):

$ sudo apt install xserver-xorg-video-fbdev

After that, startx started the desktop environment just fine. As for why this module was missing in the first place, I have no clue.


I accidentally deleted /usr/bin/python. How do I restore it?

Well, isn't normal that if you remove an executable, the system can't find it anymore?

/usr/bin/python is a symlink provided by the python-minimal package. You can restore it reinstalling the package:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall python-minimal


When I extract an application that I have downloaded, where should I be extracting them to?

The question is where to extract application files, so I'd
  recommend to extract it to a temporary folder inside /home
  directory and then copy it into a permanent location in the file
  system.

For deb files

Method 1: using dpkg

deb is the extension of the Debian software package format and the most often used name for such binary packages.

dpkg is the package manager for Debian. So using dpkg command you can list and extract deb packages.

Use dpkg -c to list the contents of a deb package:

$ dpkg -c <file-name>.deb

Use dpkg -x to extract the files from a deb package:

$ dpkg -x <file-name>.deb </path/to/temp-dir>

Method 2: using ar

Debian packages are standard Unix ar archives that include two tar archives optionally compressed with gzip (zlib), Bzip2, lzma, or xz (lzma2): one archive holds the control information and another contains the program data.

Therefore .deb files always contains three files — debian-binary, control.tar.gz, and data.tar.gz.

Use ar and tar command to extract and view the files from the deb package.

To extract the contents of .deb archive to your /home directory:

$ ar -vx <file-name>.deb
x - debian-binary
x - control.tar.gz
x - data.tar.gz

To extract the contents of data.tar.gz file:

$ tar -xvzf data.tar.gz </path/to/temp-dir>

To extract the files into the root directory tree, which should place everything where it should go, you can:

$ tar -xvzf data.tar.gz /

Note:

deb files should be installed with dpkg, so to install the package, do:

sudo dpkg -i <file-name>.deb

If the deb file(s) are in another directory inside your /home directory, you can install it by:

cd <directory>
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

For Tar files

TAR(tape archive) is a file format (in the form of a type of archive bitstream) for archiving files.

To extract a tar file:

tar -xvf file.tar

To extract a .tar.gz (gzip) file, (note -z option):

tar -xzvf file.tar.gz

To extract .tar.bz2 (bzip2) file, (note -j option):

tar -xjvf file.tar.bz2

By default files will be extracted into the current directory. To change the directory use -C option.

For example, to extract to /home/data:

tar -zxvf data.tar.gz -C /home/data

To view a detailed table of contents (list all files) for this archive:

tar -tzvf data.tar.gz

Using a GUI tool: Archive Manager

You can use the Archive Manager GUI application to create, view, modify, or extract an archive.

Press the Super key to Open the Dash and type Archive Manager. This will launch the Archive Manager window.

Click on Open and browse for the tar or deb file.
Click on Extract and select the directory to where you want to extract the file.


NFS shares accessible from Nautilus, but not from applications

based on the link(and the testing you've done so far), add another mount to a subdirectory of your share from your home directory and test with libreoffice.
(you can change the current mount but, I'm trying not to be too invasive of your current setup)
192.168.50.186:/nas/shared/Libreofficestuff /home/yourusername/sharefoldername nfs rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr,nfsvers=3

I think you may have to use subtree_check
/nas/shared   192.168.50.186/255.255.255.0(rw,insecure,subtree_check,async)


Browsing files via Bluetooth doesn't work

the problem is probably in some kernel/gvfs changes that caused regression in bluetooth operation.

A workaround that has been posted in some places is to manually mount devices via the OBEX filesystem, as follows:

sudo apt-get install obexfs (only needed once)
hcitool scan -- will return list of bluetooth devices with their addresses, looking like 8F:77:...:16
have a directory ready to mount device onto, e.g. ~/Device
obexfs -b 8F:77:..:16 /Device

Then, the device's files can be browsed over bluetooth under the Device folder.

To unmount when finished with browsing the device, use

fusermount -u ~/Device

My guess is that the problem will be corrected in some not-so-distant update.


OpenMW is an game engine based on that of Morrowind, an RPG game from 2002. Although its still in Alpha, it works. It and its editor(OpenCS) has been written completely from scratch. Do you like Morrowind? then you are gonna love OpenMW.
Before we begin:

Playing Morrowind with this engine still requires one to own the Morrowind data files.

Meaning if you have installed Morrowind via wine, you can Invoke the dash, search for OpenMW, select the Morrowind data files, and then play the game. This was such in my case.

You do need to own Morrowind to play using OpenMW. OpenMW looks for a directory on your system containing the 'Data Files' section of an existing installation of Morrowind. That 'Data Files' folder contains all of the art assets and game data from Morrowind and is the only thing OpenMW needs to be playable. It has become difficult to find a retail copy of Morrowind, but it is currently available on Steam and that version works just as well.

Install
I will show you guys how to install OpenMW using the PPA and compiling option. And as we go will provide download links for the Windows/Mac os x equivalent.
PPA
By far the easiest way is installing via it's official PPA, it supports a variety of distros. Users that are running Windows, can go here, and download the latest OpenMW. As for Mac, the following link will provide dmg's: come and get me.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openmw/openmw
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openmw

Invoke the dash, search for OpenMW select the Morrowind data files, and the play the game.

From source
Usually - on a Linux machine - when you want the latest features, you compile the application yourself, which is what we are gonna do. For compiling it in a different OS then Linux, Mac or Windows, see there official wiki: Development Environment Setup - OpenMW Wiki
Dependencies
Add the OpenMW PPA to download the needed dependencies: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openmw/openmw, after that refresh your sources list: sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git libopenal-dev libogre-1.9-dev \
libsdl2-dev libqt4-dev libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-thread-dev \
libboost-wave-dev libboost-chrono-dev libboost-program-options-dev \
libboost-system-dev libav-tools libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev \
libavutil-dev libswscale-dev \
libbullet-dev libmygui-dev libunshield-dev libtinyxml-dev cmake build-essential

Compile
Then we configure, compile, and install OpenMW.
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ../
make

And your done.

Personal Pick
Source:
Excerpt from:

How do I install OpenMW - EuroBytes

Which I am the author of.


How can I activate bitmap fonts on 20.04?

Ubuntu 20.04 requires bitmap fonts to be manually enabled, and the bitmap font file must be in the OpenType Bitmap (otb) format.
Enable bitmap fonts:
$ rm /etc/fonts/conf.d/70-no-bitmaps.conf
$ ln -s ../conf.avail/70-force-bitmaps.conf /etc/fonts/conf.d/
$ dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config
$ dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig
$ fc-list | grep Fixed | grep 6x13.pcf
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc/6x13.pcf.gz: Fixed:style=SemiCondensed
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc/trad--6x13.pcf.gz: Fixed:style=SemiCondensed

If you do not have an otb font, then it is necessary to convert from a bdf font (conversion from a pcf font will result in incorrect sizing). This conversion can be done using fonttosfnt. Unfortunately the version of fonttosfnt in Ubuntu 20.04.1 is buggy and outputs fonts with incorrect spacing (see 1, 2), so use of the latest git code is necessary.
Install latest fonttosfnt from git:
$ git clone https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/app/fonttosfnt.git
$ apt-get build-dep xfonts-utils
$ cd fonttosfnt
$ ./autogen.sh
$ ./configure
$ make

Download 6x13.bdf, rename to avoid collision with .pcf font, and convert to otb
format:
wget https://opensource.apple.com/source/X11fonts/X11fonts-14/font-misc-misc/font-misc-misc-1.1.2/6x13.bdf
sed -i 's/FAMILY_NAME.*/FAMILY_NAME "MyFixed"/' 6x13.bdf
./fonttosfnt -b -c -g 2 -m 2 -o myfixed.otb 6x13.bdf

Install new otb font:
$ cp myfixed.otb /usr/local/share/fonts
$ dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config
$ dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig
$ fc-list | grep otb
/usr/local/share/fonts/myfixed.otb: MyFixed:style=SemiCondensed

Start app, choose font, search for "myfixed".


System BIOS doesn't show Ubuntu as boot option after installation?

Just a question before I start, you have 2 drives? 256GB with Windows and 16GB mSATA? What do you use the mSATA for if not Ubuntu?

To my knowledge PenDriveLinux.com creates MBR-style bootable media, with uncertain support for UEFI. If you want your machine to use UEFI, which is really recommended, you should disable CSM and create only UEFI bootable media just to be sure that you don't accidentally boot and install in MBR mode while installing to a GPT partitioned drive and probably making things more messy.

You seem to have installed in MBR mode, otherwise the installer would have recognized a UEFI machine and be able to register an EFI boot loader in the firmware bootmenu that it placed on the EFI System Partition (ESP). If you can't find an Ubuntu related .efi binary on your ESP, then you probably installed in MBR mode (or GPT MBR mode) and you should be able to boot from the drive in leagcy/MBR mode, you just need to figure out how. (Typically Thinkpads offer priority booting, e.g. booting legacy first.)

Gummiboot as default hotpluggable UEFI bootloader

Given that you already have a GPT partitioned target disk (all with preinstalled Windows 8 should be), you could try troubleshooting your existing MBR installation by trying the following instructions.

  Note: Please be aware that these instructions are not a permanent fix or proper setup. They are just a static configuration to get you into your installation and proceed with troubleshooting from there (e.g. installing GRUB properly).

Get gummiboot

Download gummiboot from the Arch Linux repositories. (Everything is fine, we are just doing Linus Torvalds style package management. You can find the download link on that page far on the right under Package Actions > Download From Mirror)

Extract gummibootx64.efi from the package (it's under /usr/lib/gummiboot/) and copy it as \EFI\BOOT\BOOTx64.EFI to your ESP. Backup existing files with the same name (e.g. use zip).
Copy kernel files

Create a new folder at the root of your ESP named Ubuntu and copy all the files with the highest version number from /boot/ to the folder you just created.

If you are on Windows, download the latest package matching linux-image-$VERSION-generic for your distribution from the repositories. (initrd.img-$VERSION-generic is missing as it is generated automatically by Debian scripts.)
Configure gummiboot to boot the Ubuntu Linux kernel

Create folders along the path loader/entries/ at the root of your ESP and create a file named ubuntu.conf in there. Create a configuration by editing the file following this template:

title          Ubuntu
linux          /Ubuntu/vmlinuz-$VERSION-generic
initrd         /Ubuntu/initrd.img-$VERSION-generic
options        root=UUID=$UUID ro

title: Choose what you like. Must be human readable.
linux: The filename of the kernel to load, replace $VERSION with the version number of the file you copied.
initrd: The filename of the initial ram disk. Basically the same as with the linux option, $VERSION with the version number of the file you copied. Leave this line out if you don't have such a file (I don't know if it will work then though).
options: Replace $UUID with the filesystem UUID of your Ubuntu root filesystem. Run ll /dev/disk/by-uuid/ | grep sdxY to get the GUID, replace sdxY with the actual device name. (Forget what I wrote here earlier about partition GUIDs, that doesn't seem to work for now.)

You can add the remaining options of the linux line from your /boot/grub/grub.cfg. The UUID is necessary part, the rest should be rather optional. My linux line in grub.cfg looks like this: root=UUID=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 ro   quiet splash $vt_handoff

You also need to add the file loader.conf in loader/ to make gummiboot work.

default        Ubuntu
timeout        4

default is the title of the default entry to boot. Edit appropriately if you have chosen another title.
Reboot

You should be able to boot from the HDD/SSD that contains the ESP with gummiboot and be presented with the gummiboot menu, allowing you to boot your Ubuntu installation.
Optional: Create a gummiboot menuentry for GRUB

Similar to the instructions above, create loader/entries/ubuntu.conf with the following content:

title          Ubuntu GRUB
efi            \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

Alternative:

title          Ubuntu GRUB
efi            \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi

I'm still researching this topic and I wanted to test this throughly before writing it down here in a clean and non-quirky way, but may be these instructions give you helpful directions and are more fun to you than trying to install again and again.

Good luck.

Further reading

AdamW's UEFI boot: how does that actually work, then? is a good but lengthy read on treating the UEFI boot topic not like magic.
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Gummiboot
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/EFISTUB

FYE

Stuff I suffered from during testing:

PARTUUID/GUID - doesn't seem to work.
initramfs compiled with dep option instead of most.
initramfs of cloned installation finds a hibernation image from the source installation and boots that instead. m(
Windows avoids mounting ESPs.


How can autokey be scripted to close an active window?

No idea if this works with just any window but keyboard.send_keys("<ctrl>+w") gave me the result I wanted with Quod Libet.


Change login screen to gnome-shell login

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

I selected gdm, and now I have the login screen I desire.(This replaces lightdm with gdm)

Thanks for the other suggestions, I found that this was the only one to work, since gnome has it's own desktop manager(gdm).


Can't Boot EDD information not available

Reset your Macbook PMU. At least on my model this can be done by, having it turned off, pressing: Cmd + Alt + Ctrl + Shift while pressing the Power button.

I've just had this issue, and it got fixed by doing this


How do I run teamviewer in a headless system?

If you want to use a nice and light desktop for just the remote sessions, I could recommend you xvnc + xfce or lxde.

sudo apt-get install vncserver xfce4

or

sudo apt-get install vncserver lxde-core

Then configure your desktop to start lxdm or lightdm to start at boot:

sudo vim /etc/default/ligthdm
## OR
sudo vim /etc/lxdm/lxdm.conf

Then configure your ssh + vnc tunneling using the fine answer provided by Oli, and you are all set.


Full disk encryption: What cipher do I have and does it have the NSA backdoor?

You can use cryptsetup(8) to see what cipher is in use on your system. On my laptop, for example:
$ ls -l /dev/mapper
total 0
crw------- 1 root root 10, 236 Nov 12 20:22 control
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Nov 12 20:22 luks1 -> ../dm-0
$ sudo cryptsetup status luks1
/dev/mapper/luks1 is active and is in use.
  type:    LUKS2
  cipher:  aes-xts-plain64
  keysize: 256 bits
  key location: keyring
  device:  /dev/nvme0n1p4
  sector size:  512
  offset:  32768 sectors
  size:    1998277263 sectors
  mode:    read/write
  flags:   discards
$

Discovering backdoors is a complicated topic that cannot be covered concisely. The source code for all components are available to review and rebuild and review the built versions, etc. This is probably best considered still an open problem in computer science.


How to swap Ctrl and Fn on a Lenovo Thinkpad keyboard?

If you are using a Lenovo or Thinkpad laptop, see into BIOS/UEFI config to check whether there is a "Swap Fn and Ctrl" option in "Keyboard" section. According to the user guide, most models should have that option.


Wifi on Dell Latitude 3340 cannot be enabled after installing Ubuntu 15.10

In my Dell 5521, the problem is related to renaming of the wireless adapter at boot time.

To prevent adapter renaming, I use a kernel parameter net.ifnames=0

Open a terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+t), and enter:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Change the line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash net.ifnames=0"

Press Ctrl+o and Ctrl+x to save and exit, then enter

sudo update-grub
sudo reboot


How to conveniently find local HTML documentation?

you can view the local .html with any browser.


I have to say that this is almost surely a hardware issue. If you just search for the term Thinkpad Edge 15 keyboard problem you will be presented with a lot of hits with similar (though not exactly the same) problems.

You can read through this lenovo forum about the problem. It has an accepted solution which basically tells to contact service.

You can also look at this blog entry to get a clue about what is the problem with the hardware and see a possible solution on how to repair it yourself. (As askubuntu doesn't deal with hardware issues I shouldn't provide the repair method here, since it is off-topic.)

I think that this kind of hardware issue cannot be dealt in software. Even if you filter out somehow that specific key-combo-chain which you have logged, it is likely that as time goes you will experience other problems with the keyboard.


Audacity could not find a safe place to store temporary files (installed via snap)

If you install audacity via the snap package manager, it does not work. It must be installed with apt

So the solution was

sudo snap remove audacity
sudo apt-get install audacity -y


There is an alternat install image of lubuntu here. This image should be installable with the forcepae option. But after that you have to add the acpi=off option in grub, shown here.


How to install Ubuntu in a pre-installed windows 8.1 64-bit WITHOUT UEFI

For Toshiba laptops it seems one can't boot from USB in the UEFI mode:

See http://www.tomshardware.com/answers/id-1894515/toshiba-satellite-wont-boot-usb.html

and http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/85143-35-toshiba-satellite-boot

Since you want to remove Windows, it is possible to enable CMS/Legacy mode in UEFI/BIOS and boot from the Ubuntu LiveUSB. There should be no issues.

In general it should be possible to install Ubuntu in the UEFI mode:

See Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI for a comprehensive guide to installing Ubuntu on machines that comes with Windows 8 and above pre-installed.

I think it may be easier to keep the UEFI and install Ubuntu in most cases. During installation you will see a choice of keeping Windows and install Ubuntu side by side, or replacing Windows and using the whole drive (remove all partitions data etc.) for Ubuntu. There is a third choice, "Something else..." for experts. On some computers the side-by-side choice is not available, and one has to take the expert route of "Something else..."

When you choose the boot device to boot from USB in the UEFI boot menu, select the UEFI USB option. You may see two USB options, one of them is UEFI-USB. Normal 64bit Ubuntu Live USB should detect UEFI and BIOS/CMS/Legacy and proceed accordingly. If this does not work, you may want to see How to create UEFI-only bootable USB live media?

If you boot from the LiveUSB in the UEFI mode you will see this screen:

On the other hand if you boot from the USB in the BIOS/Legacy mode you will see:

Also see for more details https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

Hope this helps


What does [co] mean in the "rm -rf filename[co]" command?

[co] isn't a parameter to the rm command - it's a shell glob that matches a pattern equal to a single character from the set [co] - in other words, it matches either a c or an o a the end of the filename. From man bash:

[...]  Matches any one of the enclosed characters

To match both foo.coffee and foo.js, since the suffixes don't contain any common substrings at all, the best you could do is foo.* which would match any filename starting with foo. Instead you could use brace expansion e.g.

rm foo.{coffee,js}


I have just finished a long install/uninstall session in order to solve similar scanning problem. I can not say this is the best approach but I can give a few points I hope this saves someone time.

I have disabled cups auto adding of printers during this process, not sure this is important.
I have installed an older version of HPLIP 3.17.11. Even if it says that is doesn't support Ubuntu 18.04, this version is working... at least for my printer.
During installation, automatic is selected and I have opted out for HPLIP updates.
After installation, I have installed hp-plugin with command

hp-plugin -i

Scanner at this point started working if I start simple-scan as a root.
Need for that was fixed by executing

chmod 755 /var/lib/hp

For me that was all.


Disable ATI Radeon HD 6950 In ubuntu, not in BIOS?

You have to "blacklist" the device such that it is not activated when you boot into linux.
This is done by adding the device to this file /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf.
To find out which module you have to put there search with lsmod | grep -e radeon -e ati.


Not entering a password for a graphical root action

First edit the sudoers file using

sudo visudo

And enter the line in the file:

%sudo ALL=NOPASSWD:ALL

You have probably already done this to get the root privileges without password prompt. On my system this also means that gksu will not prompt for password, as it is using sudo for the root privilege escalation.

Check your gconf settings using the gconf-editor tool. Don't run it as root - use your regular user privileges. Look under the /apps/gksu configuration tree.
On my system, for my user account, the

"prompt" checkbox is unchecked (value false), the
"sudo-mode" one is checked (true), and the
"display-no-pass-info" one is checked (true).

This forces gksu to use sudo mode, which should respect your sudoers settings.


How to change / assign a single icon in 18.04

It is a matter of right-clicking the folder, and select "Properties" in the right-click menu. On the "Basic" tab, click the icon. A file selection dialog appears that allows you to set a custom icon.


just install pulseAudio Control volume it worked for me or else try changing settings in alsamixer  setting the things to default and don't forget to press F10


Ubuntu terminal not using complete bandwidth

There are many factors affecting the download speeds. If for example you're located in Germany, but your Ubuntu sources are set to look for data in US-based repositories, there will be slower download speeds.

You can look inside the file /etc/apt/sources.list and look at the URLs there. Mine for example shows:

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful main restricted

I'm located in the Czech Republic so repository located in my country makes sense. Geographical distance is not the only factor though...


How do I watch a Youtube in Picture-in-Picture (PIP) mode?

Three options:

VLC Method

Open VLC
Right click > enable Minimal Mode
Right click titlebar in Unity > Always on Top (Unity has an option for all
workspaces)
"Play Network Stream" (Ctrl-N) and pasting the YouTube link of any video in the prompt

It's tedious because there's no youtube browsing, but its great for performance.

Firefox Method

One could modify Firefox

Workspace Method

One could setup a live preview of a fullscreen youtube in another workspace: Can I have a window showing small live preview of another workspace?

Google Chrome

Right-click twice with the pointer somewhere in the video and you'll see a Picture-in-picture option - click it and away you go.  - @AnthonyK

Opera browser

Click the shortcut icon in the top middle of the video when you hover. – @AnthonyK


How can I back up to (or install) Ubuntu 16.04.1 (CUDA 8.0 requirement)

After more research I came up with a possible solution (still using kernel 4.10). I noticed that the CUDA 9.1 documentation says the 9.1 Toolkit doesn't support Compute Capability 2.0 (e.g., the M2090), but the 9.1 driver does. So I installed the 9.1 driver alone, and it did indeed install successfully. Then I installed the CUDA 8.0 Toolkit sans driver. I haven't tried compiling yet, but a program compiled on another computer (using CUDA 8.0) is running on this computer now.


This is a known bug that ultimately lies in the fact that the lxpanel-indicator-applet-plugin shipped with lxpanel is trying to do the job of all other indicators (read: system tray icons). It does create conflicts with more than just networking and may also be the cause of your issues with fcitx.

The solution: remove the plugin:

Open a terminal and run lxpanelctl config
Click on the "Panel Applets" tab.
In the "Currently loaded plugins," click on "Indicator applets."
Click the "Remove" button.
Click the "Close" button.
Log out/in.

In lieu of the logout, you may need to restart nm-applet, fcitx, and optionally add the "Volume Control" plugin. Potentially more depending on what indicators the plugin was trying to manage.

Note this works on LXDE, so is only applicable to Lubuntu ≤ 18.04. Also note that previous versions have had issues with multiple icons due to nm-applet being launched more than once, which is obviously not the same situation.


something you are missing ... either name not correctly spelled ... i will refer you to this

Error when installing Makefile: "make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found.  Stop."


Installing an older gcc version(3.4.3) on Ubuntu 14.04 (currently 4.8 installed)

Check your current version by running  gcc -v.

Next,
You want to install a previous version.

For gcc-3.4

Since this version is available in the older releases of Ubuntu, we need to have the appropriate repositories for the version. From some search, I found them to be the following, which have to be added to the /etc/apt/sources.list

deb     http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20070730T000000Z/ lenny main
deb-src http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20070730T000000Z/ lenny main
deb     http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian-security/20070730T000000Z/ lenny/updates main
deb-src http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian-security/20070730T000000Z/ lenny/updates main

Then after doing sudo apt-get update the new repositories will be available.

Next, install the required compiler. I usually install gcc and g++ of the same version for inter-operability. For general purpose it is recommended.

Hence,

sudo apt-get install gcc-3.4 g++-3.4

2. Checking the available compilers

At this stage one will have two set of compilers (one each for g++ and gcc). These can be checked by dpkg --list | grep compiler,

dpkg --list | grep compiler

dpkg --list | grep compile
ii  g++                                                   4:4.8.2-1ubuntu6                                    amd64        GNU C++ compiler
ii  g++-3.4                                               3.4.6-5                                             amd64        The GNU C++ compiler
ii  g++-4.8                                               4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.1                              amd64        GNU C++ compiler
ii  gcc                                                   4:4.8.2-1ubuntu6                                    amd64        GNU C compiler
ii  gcc-3.4                                               3.4.6-5                                             amd64        The GNU C compiler
ii  gcc-4.8                                               4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.1                              amd64        GNU C compiler
ii  hardening-includes                                    2.5ubuntu2.1                                        all          Makefile for enabling compiler flags for security hardening
ii  libllvm3.6:amd64                                      1:3.6-2ubuntu1~trusty1                              amd64        Modular compiler and toolchain technologies, runtime library
ii  libxkbcommon0:amd64                                   0.4.1-0ubuntu1                                      amd64        library interface to the XKB compiler - shared library
ii  pkg-config                                            0.26-1ubuntu4                                       amd64        manage compile and link flags for libraries

You can check the installation location if you need that.

Important is the location of the two set of compilers, which can be listed by,

ls -lh /usr/bin/gcc*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    7  5月 13  2016 /usr/bin/gcc -> gcc-4.8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  91K  1月  4  2007 /usr/bin/gcc-3.4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 758K  1月 27  2016 /usr/bin/gcc-4.8

and

    ls -lh /usr/bin/g++*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    7  4月  8  2014 /usr/bin/g++ -> g++-4.8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  93K  1月  4  2007 /usr/bin/g++-3.4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 758K  1月 27  2016 /usr/bin/g++-4.8

Selecting a compiler for current purpose (building an application)

After having required compilers installed one can simply switch among compilers. This is done by updating the list of alternative versions of an application. To do this, the update-alternative command has to be run with certain parameters.

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-3.4 40 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-3.4
sudo update-alternatives --config gcc

This will link g++ to gcc and on changing only gcc the g++ will change automatically.

Then whenever you want to change the compiler enter this:

sudo update-alternatives --config gcc

Then, user is asked which compiler to choose.

    sudo update-alternatives --config gcc
    There are 2 choices for the alternative gcc (providing /usr/bin/gcc).

      Selection    Path              Priority   Status
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    * 0            /usr/bin/gcc-4.8   60        auto mode
      1            /usr/bin/gcc-3.4   40        manual mode
      2            /usr/bin/gcc-4.8   60        manual mode

Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

Here you can choose by pressing the key(0,1) and then pressing enter. The change in the current selected version can be checked by gcc -v

Removing the update-alternative

If you want to keep the alternative compiler installed. Then just change to auto mode in update-alternative that is option 0.
If you want to remove the alternative compiler, then remove the compiler like as sudo apt-get remove gcc-3.4 g++-3.4
then run

sudo update-alternatives --config gcc

The program update-alternatives will look for links and found them to be missing and will automatically remove the alternative, going back to the other available option.

sudo update-alternatives --config gcc
update-alternatives: warning: alternative /usr/bin/gcc-3.4 (part of link group gcc) doesn't exist; removing from list of alternatives
There is only one alternative in link group gcc (providing /usr/bin/gcc): /usr/bin/gcc-4.8
Nothing to configure.


How to setup a server as router with traffic shaping

Zentyal, formerly eBox looks like a good option, It is a small business server system with gateway firewall and traffic shaping capabilities. What I am not sure of is if it can report offending users but you can test it for yourself.

The homepage is here:

http://www.zentyal.org/

Network configuration documentation is here:
http://doc.zentyal.org/en/firststeps.html#network-configuration-with-zentyal

There is an older tutorial on HowtoForge for eBox that may still be relevant. It is found here:

http://www.howtoforge.com/using-ebox-as-a-gateway-firewall-traffic-shaping-http-proxy-and-more

please note that while eBox can be installed on an existing Ubuntu LTS server it is recommended that you use the install CD provided by Zentyal.


failed to install grub, ubuntu 17.04 installation

Probably your system hasn't been configured to boot UEFI files while your installation medium is UEFI enabled. That's why you're getting the error.
You can configure your system to allow UEFI by going into your BIOS and turning off fast boot or Secure boot.
I believe this should work as it worked for me.


I chose UT because of working terminal and userland terminal applications it allows me to use out of box.

With Android I had to install some intermediate software like "Lil Debi", then through it to create container file, then download into it all the Debial userland and additional software I wanted to use. Now this container file was limited to 2GB size, so not much additional software fit into it. Sure I could figure that out but never managed to do it. Then to get to Debian command prompt I had to start the 'Lil Debi' app, click "mount and start debian" button, click "Open Terminal" button, manually delete with keyboard some garbage text from terminal line which appeared in new terminal, then start /debian/shell and there was problem with this script because on my 4.4 Cyanogen it failed to pass environment variables to Debian chroot environment, so more hassle with that too. Then I could finally run my emacs and start using this application in terminal mode. Then this setup was eating battery even when idle (even with all prevent wifi/system/screen/etc disabled in Lil Debi settings). I had my tablet left in sleep mode with idle Lil Debi command prompt and over night I've got full deep discharge from initial ~30% charge. Then non-latin symbols in terminal were not correctly displayed. Sure I could figure this out too - just more time wasted. And the above setup does not seem to work under latest Lollipop Android version - Lil Debi just fails to create/mount contained for Debial chroot environment. Sure this will sometimes be fixed and I could stay on Android 4.4, but still.

Now with Ubuntu touch I have working terminal out of box. It supports non-latin characters correctly out of box. It does not seem to consume excessive amount of power. It is only limited by the total storage memory of my device, not by 2GB chroot container file. And its terminal supports cursor movement top/down by screen swipes. And it allows me to customise the special keyboard shortcuts in its bar so I have all the CTRL-X, CTRL-@ and such even without physical keyboard attached. This allows me to use emacs with just virtual keyboard just OK. Sure not for extended sessions but good for quick picking into the data.

Yay! Ubuntu Touch seems good enough for me as terminal machine. So on my Nexus 7 I prefer running Ubuntu Touch and not Android anymore. Yes, my need is specific and not mass-market, but I am happy with Ubuntu Touch!


Samba with Windows ACLs, cannot add UNIX groups from Windows

You are doing it from the wrong end ;-)
You need to create a group on Windows, lets call it 'win_group' and then create another group on Ubuntu, lets call this one 'unix_group'. You then map, on the Samba server, one to the other with: net groupmap add unixgroup=unix_group ntgroup=win_group
This must be done as 'root'.
You then just use 'win_group' on Windows and Samba will do the rest for you.


check if You have the Spam Assassin section of /etc/exim.conf uncommented.

Nice post about Filtering spam with Exim and Spamassassin


You can't unmount a partition that your using.  If you have to Ubuntu disk, pop that in and boot into the live environment (try Ubuntu without). Then open gparted, and partition your drive yow you want. Then shutdown, and insert your windows 8 install disk.  Make sure you click the customize option, and choose to install it to the correct partition.  When that's all done, you should have windows 8 installed alongside Ubuntu.

Next you need to either A: add an Ubuntu option in the windows boot loader, or B: reinstall grub to be able to boot and into both oses.

They should add a multibooting forum for this stuff + boot loader stuff.


Deploy Multiple services in same host/Machine with juju?

Its 2 of us in a team. We just playing with charms to see the possibilities. We deployed
8 charms on one machine and it worked.

jitsu deploy-to "machine name" "service name"

Also you can use your local repo with edited config.yaml to deploy services or create a config file for all services and use it when deploying.

But still I have some problems understanding the networking part in it. We have only one week experience with charms, cant say personally about the production implementation. But it looks OKey. Maybe "charms" will live to my expectations.


If linux can support NTFS file system then why cannot it be installed on same?

That is mainly because Linux has a strict permissions policy for its OS, from the user's directory on to the kernel. These permissions are not supported by the NTFS file system.

See this link for an interesting comparison on file systems.


Try Lubuntu 13.10 first. I believe it has the lowest graphics requirements of all Ubuntu flavours.

Still, your setup is very weak graphics-wise, so don't expect to be able to use YouTube etc. with it. You might consider buying an old videocard for your computer.


Does 64bit Chromium include the Flash plugin

No. Chromium doesn't include Flash, at least the upstream version doesn't. Chrome, the closed source version, does include flash, and this is the source for the confusion. You can check the main differences between Chrome and Chromium in this page.

Chromium supports NPAPI plugins, and it will use the system wide flash install if it's present, like Firefox does. So flash will work in Chromium if you have it already installed.

This applies to both 32 and 64 bit versions.


I can't update the system I get the following error

Had this same exact issue a few minutes ago the issue is libglib2.0-0 re-install it and you should be fine.
sudo apt install --reinstall libglib2.0-0


GParted fails at resizing a Windows partition: input/output error

Input/Output errors are usually related to a hardware problem.  The issue could be caused by something as simple as a loose cable, all the way up to a failing hard disk drive.

When the error occurs, you can open a terminal prompt and enter the dmesg command.  At the end of the output you should hopefully find more information about the issue.

You might also try running the gsmartcontol GUI to gain access to the smart monitoring information that is tracked by the disk drive.  This software can be installed with sudo apt install gsmartcontrol on Ubuntu.

If it looks like a hardware error, you might also consider visiting the disk manufacturer web site to look for disk drive testing software.  Often this software will overwrite the disk drive so be sure to have a good backup of your data before running disk test software.


How to install video drivers in LTSP chroot?

In order to get root access you'll need to chroot into the directory (on the server) where the thin client filesystem is and run passwd. Once you've set a password you'll be able to log in to the root account. This may lead you to a solution.


How to import multiple postgres databases using single file in another ubuntu installation

The usual way to do what you ask is to run as the database superuser (postgresql)

 pg_dumpall >file

from one postgresql cluster (all the databases on a system) into a file, then simply import the file with

psql
 \i file

or

psql -f file postgresql

Read the manual for pg_dumpall

man pg_dumpall

To change defaults like ports if necessary.

The dump contains all the database, table and user recreations needed, as well as the data itself.  Afterward, the manual suggest running

vacuumdb -a -z

to help out the optimizer.

You can select a single database to dump/backup with pg_dump.  You might play around with the -l argument to pg_dumpall to select another database which contains only the databases of interest, but I've never done that.  Or just edit the output file with everything and remove what you don't want.


LSB shows different version than Control Center

I think you have similar case to mine. As Ubuntu forked gnome-control-center, you may have both already installed after upgrade.

Open terminal, run unity-control-center → Details

You should see 14.04 Logo
Open terminal, run gnome-control-center → Details

You may see 13.10 Logo, like mine (I think someone forget to update it as it's not important, fresh Ubuntu install has only unity-control-center)

To check run:

xdg-open /usr/share/gnome-control-center/ui/UbuntuLogo.png
xdg-open /usr/share/unity-control-center/ui/UbuntuLogo.png

I think it's just matter of logo image, no relation to upgrade or graphic glitch. This is related bug report lp bug#1281155 "About this Computer" shows 13.10 instead of 14.04

Now for resuming upgrade; I believe that How do I resume a release upgrade/update? will fix broken apt/dpkg status by resuming interrupted installation for only marked packages. So it does not really resume upgrade process.

If you notice that some old application are missing, this happened to me once then I installed all remaining applications by selecting them manually. (one by one)

Well, This is untested method neither I can prove it will not produce more problems.

ubiquity uses apt-clone for upgrade process. As upgrade process was interrupted, ubiquity leaves its backup.

/ubiquity-apt-clone/apt-clone-state-ubuntu.tar.gz

(sudo updatedb; locate apt-clone, if you can't find it)
Open apt-clone-state-ubuntu.tar.gz and verify ./etc/apt/sources.list is for trusty
Install apt-clone

sudo apt-get install apt-clone

Restore backup using apt-clone

sudo apt-clone restore /ubiquity-apt-clone/apt-clone-state-ubuntu.tar.gz


How to add startup applications in lubuntu?

There is a default application for this on the Lubuntu. Check it out:

Press the Lubuntu icon on the bottom left;
Select "Preferences" > "Default applications for LXSession";
In the opened window, select the option "Autostart";
Now you can enable or disable the autostarted applications, check/uncheck one in the listm or set manually on the field and pressing the "Add" button.


im not sure but try sudo apt-get install git --fix-missing or you can build it from the source with this guide Check Build Git from source on Linux
 section


In 16.10, arc-theme is included in the official repos. I saw similar effects when using the arc-theme from the OBS Repo; removing and reinstalling the official Ubuntu package fixed things. You could try removing the one you manually installed and reinstalling the official package.

If you installed from the OBS Repo

If you installed from http://software.opensuse.org/download.html?project=home%3AHorst3180&package=arc-theme then you should have a file in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ named something like arc-theme.list and containing e.g. deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/Horst3180/xUbuntu_16.04/ /. If so, remove and reinstall with

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/arc-theme.list
sudo apt purge arc-theme
sudo apt update
sudo apt install arc-theme

If you manually put the files in /usr/share/themes

Follow https://github.com/horst3180/arc-theme#uninstall and then

sudo apt update
sudo apt install arc-theme


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS booting time longer than usual

Optimize Startup
You can optimize your system startup process by looking at the lines that are executed on startup.  Pick out applications that you might not need or don't want to use.
Also, if the system is hanging up on a process use this described feature to identify which process is taking a long time, then address or fix the offending process.
An example of system hanging
I had lived with a long startup process for a while.  I turned off the splash and noticed that during some maintenance my swap partition UUID had changed (an /etc/fstab entry).  In this case I edited out the swap assignment to that process.  When it cured the delay, I replaced the UUID with a current active partition to cure the delay and have swap.
Locate the problem line
To see the lines that are executing, edit your Grub /etc/default/grub and remove the quiet splash from the GRUB-CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT configuration.  The line to change is highlighted in bold text.
Change from:

# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT="saved"
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT="0"
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET="true"
GRUB_TIMEOUT="15"
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

Change to:

# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

GRUB_DEFAULT="saved"
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT="0"
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET="true"
GRUB_TIMEOUT="15"
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

Then execute:
$ sudo update-grub

Now reboot.
You might find you're running a service or services you can do without.  Or you may find you'd prefer to contend with the time it takes in loading a service over removing it.
After you have identified and fixed the problem causing the delay you can return the default screen by adding the quit and splash modes to your grub.


According to your debug output you've made a typo. Considering the output:

**---request begin---**
GET /downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.6.2.tar.gz HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Wget/1.17.1 (linux-gnu)
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: identity
Host: artifacts.elastic.co
Connection: Keep-Alive

Clearly instead of 6.6.2 you meant 6.2.2

Source:

https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch


Booting kernel failed : Invalid argument

It could be that the ISO you've downloaded is incomplete.

Install zsync and go to cdimage.ubuntu.com, choose a version and copy the .zsync link.

cd into the directory where your downloaded ISO previously.
Run zsync to update the image.

$ zsync ZSYNC_LINK

Wait until it updates the image.
After processing, it will print something like:

verifying download...checksum matches OK
used 1619443712 local, fetched 1594282

Try with the updated ISO again.


Upgrade to 103-generic Broke Opera Videos

I had a similar problem that might be what is happening to you. What happened was that Ubuntu updated the package chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra to version 63, of which Opera needs a specific version, without which codec H.264 doesn't work.

You can check in Synaptic Manager which version of chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra you have installed. Then, on Opera's address bar enter opera://about/ where you can check the Chromium version it needs.

Then, you could try installing version 61 of the chromium package. That worked for me. You can download it here:
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/c/chromium-browser/

After version 61 is installed, in Synaptic Manager find and select the package and on the menu go to Package > Force Version, there select version 61. Apply changes to downgrade from version 63.

I hope that helps.


I have my evolution calendar on ubuntu one. I just go into .local file find my way to the evolution folder and the calendar and right click and sync it with ubuntu one. works great between my netbook and desktop, ensures when i change one calendar the other does, making I have just one calendar. I am not sure if this will help with you and a mobile tho? Sorry if my answer is not more detailed about finding the file, I am at work stuck on XP, so going off memory here.

Dustin


If you encountered the problem with

configure: c++11 mode is requested but the current compiler does not support it.

while running ./configure linux on a 64bit ubuntu 15.10, this can be solved by installing/updating your gcc and g++ packages:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc g++

and specifying your architecture in the configure command:

./configure linuxx8664gcc


Simple fix, if you did not also mess up pkexec:

The problem is that your /usr/bin/sudo has the wrong permissions set (-rwxrwxr-x instead of correct -rwsr-xr-x).

Now, as the file is owned by root, you need root permissions to change its permissions. Usually, you would use sudo for this, but as it's broken, we have to use pkexec as replacement to repair it:

pkexec chmod u+s,g-x /usr/bin/sudo

Now everything should be fixed again. Try the e.g. following command to check:

sudo echo "sudo works again! Yay! :D"

More complex fix, if you have also messed up pkexec:

First, you need to boot your Ubuntu system in recovery mode.

You do this by rebooting and waiting for the GRUB menu to show up. This happens immediately after the BIOS finished its work and before Ubuntu starts to load. It will usually show up if you dual-boot with another OS, but if it does not, you have to hold the Shift key to let it appear. Select the menu point Advanced options and then chose the latest kernel version with the suffix (recovery mode). You will see another menu, where you have to select root, which shows you a terminal with root access.
More information on how to enter a root shell in recovery mode can be found here, please follow steps 1-7, then continue here.

Run the following commands in the root shell:

mount -o remount,rw /
chmod u=rwxs,g=rx,o=rx /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/pkexec
exit

Then reboot normally and test your commands.


Samba 4 ADDC with Bind_DLZ in Ubuntu 16.04

Although this article (http://blogging.dragon.org.uk/samba4-ad-dc-on-ubuntu-14-04/) is titled referencing U14.04, I have successfully used it with U16.04.1LTS. Surprisingly, this article is quite close to being correct, there are just a few pieces of the puzzle missing.

First, ext4, there is no need to manually adjust the acl and attr in /etc/fstab settings. By default, ext4 now handles all that. (Read the Samba Wiki to confirm.) So, just ignore that acl section of the article. But, do install acl and attr.

The other pieces that are missing are setting the correct nameserver, configuring krb5-user, installing winbind and (chuckle) installing bind9 (I cannot get over the fact that you cannot configure bind9 if you have not installed it yet but, like I said the article is close to correct.) The nameserver, winbind, and krb5-user settings can be found in the samba wiki.

(added later, see I forgot this) You need to provision per the article but add --use-ntvfs to the end of your provision options. (Sorry, did not note why.)

I hope this helps and good luck.


Huawei dongle keeps on disconnecting when idle. How do I stop this?

You can try changing the state of your mobile broadband from the Tunables tab.

As the Powertop web site doesn't have any useful documentation, I was unable to find any concrete answers. However, you can have a look at the website: http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/

Some more links:

http://www.admin-magazine.com/Articles/PowerTOP


How to Maintain Stability of Matlab 2016a Graphics in 16.04?

Ubuntu 16.04 is not supported OS by Matlab. I cannot get Matlab 2016a and Matlab 2016b pre-release stable sufficiently in Ubuntu. See the list here about supported platforms where Debian 8.x and Ubuntu 14.04 is but not Ubuntu 16.04.
You can try the third-party package sudo apt-get install matlab-support where I did not want their old gcc libraries. My output is failure so the bug keeps going.

My decision is to install Debian 8.x in this laptop, next to Ubuntu.
I received an email from the support, and they confirm that Matlab 2016b will support 16.04 LTS. Its release will be some day in the next month.


At the time of writing this, these 3 packages need to be downloaded and installed.

libsane-common_1.0.26~git20151121-1_all.deb
libsane_1.0.26~git20151121-1_amd64.deb
libjpeg62-turbo_1.5.1-1_amd64.deb

The first two packages can be found in the Debian experimental libs at this link
https://packages.debian.org/experimental/libs/

The last package I found in this link
https://packages.debian.org/sid/libjpeg62-turbo

In some cases you may need to navigate to an ftp mirror site to actually download.
Once downloaded, simply install each package as root i.e
sudo dpkg -i package

I have tested with simple-scan, xsane, and scangearmp and all works fine.


How to cleanup tomcat server logfiles with crontab (permissions restricted)

You could fix that using sudo crontab -e, since root will have sufficient permissions.

But logrotate seems to be the tool to rotate logs (and is most likely already in use in your system).

Have a look in /etc/logrotate.d/ and try to find if tomcat already uses it.


Can I delete a logical E: drive, which popped up after installing dual boot ubuntu?

Do not delete! It contains grub config files! Deleting will cause grub bootloader to fail to start!


Run program from anywhere without changing directory

DON'T CD, just run it using its absolute path

This version:

cd /home/path_to_x && ./x

changes directory to an absolute path (you see how /home/... starts at the root directory) and then runs the executable at the relative path ./x (that is, relative to the new working directory).

This version:

./home/path_to_x/x

tries to run the executable at the relative path ./home/path_to_x/x, which means relative to whatever your current working directory is now. That explains why you get the error - this relative path really doesn't exist.

The command you want would be:

/home/path_to_x/x

using the absolute path (starting at the root directory /) again.

Oh, and you can also just add /home/path_to_x to your PATH instead of creating the alias. See: How to run scripts without typing the full path?


`Gtk-WARNING **: Locale not supported by C library. ` when starting apps from the commandline

First make sure your library language is installed

sudo apt-get install language-pack-en-base,

for example.

Then, as superuser, shorten the work by allowing Ubuntu to automatically configure them:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

Check your setup, if it's correct then good. But if you have the LANG= or LANGUAGE= settings blank, run this in command line:

locale -a

Which generates the locales installed and available to you.

Choose the locale from the output generated that fits your situation, and export that setting to replace your locales, for example:

export LC_ALL="en.utf-8"

For manual installation use export to set locale by hand which will manually install custom locales, first run the set up as above.

Then, say you want to install "en_us-8" for language but have need for another locale for NUMERIC and TIME, you may wish to use "en_NZ.utf-8" (remember: these are case-sensitive) or LANGUAGE="en_GB.utf-8" and NUMERIC="en.dk.ISO-8859-15". Traveling to New Zealand, I could change the locale LANGUAGE="en.NZ". For Germany, I would just need to install the locales pkg for it and input, in terminal, like the examples below:

export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export LANGUAGE="en_NZ"
export C_CTYPE="en_US"
export LC_NUMERIC=
export LC_TIME=en"en_US"

LC_ALL=  may remain empty.


Default Java not detected by Maven as installed

This was solved after setting the kava alternative

sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/opt/jdk/jdk1.8.0_144/bin/java" 1

sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/opt/jdk/jdk1.8.0_144/bin/javac" 1

sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javaws" "javaws" "/opt/jdk/jdk1.8.0_144/bin/javaws" 1

It still install the default jdk when installing maven. But uses oracle jdk when building.

Thanks for the wikihow page : https://www.wikihow.com/Install-Oracle-Java-JDK-on-Ubuntu-Linux


Yes, and you'll save 205KB of diskspace. sudo apt-get remove unity-2d.


How do I get the browser to reask me to integrate with a website?

Chromium now gives the user the opportunity to have a finer amount of control over the revocation of previous decisions such as the one showed above.

(Using the latest chromium provided in the package)

Go to "chrome://settings", then open the advanced settings section where there should be a "Desktop Integration" section with a checked checkbox ("Allow integration"), and a button. Click on the button and the websites for which you previously made a decision are listed.
Removing any site from the list will re-trigger the integration step,

See:


XPS 13 9360 install Ubuntu alongside Windows 10 or erase Windows 10?

It depends on what you want. Totally erasing Windows 10 means that you'll have to reinstall, update, configure, and install all your old windows apps again. This can take hours, so I recommend keeping a backup Windows image.

A side by side dual boot of Ubuntu and Windows on the same machine is usually what most users go for. Though you'll likely encounter minor issues, such as with the system time on Windows 10 if you do this.


How to make a single partition not mount automatically

Well, I was able to achieve this by flagging the partitions as esp, which is definitely a bad solution, but it works.


How do I add a permission for write and read access and not remove the folder?

Write and removed permission in the linux system is same . If you set your folder permissions to writable , it can be removed . To secure your folder from everyone , I suggest you to type this command :

Example folder is /home/drajat :

  chmod 700 -R /home/drajat

If you want to set your folder only read for everyone type this command :

  chmod 744 -R /home/drajat

Info :

number 7 = its code to sent the system to make my folder is accessible(read only) , writable, and executable only for the owner(you) .

number 4 = its code to make your folder read for everyone , but they can write/removed and executable all file in your folder.

number 0 = its code to make every user and group in your system can't access , read and executable your folder .


ulimit -n command shows no change inspite of modifying the /etc/security/limits.conf file

/etc/security/limits.conf is a PAM construct.  Normally PAM would process this during your user login in a "normal" Linux, but ... you don't really "log in" in WSL, so PAM doesn't get called.
The workaround, as described later that same Github thread is to run sudo su $USER, sudo su - $USER, or something along those lines (see the thread for other suggestions).  The resulting shell will have processed limits.conf through PAM, and you should be able to raise the limits there as expected (ulimit -n 97816, it sounds like from your question).  As long as peridigm's build stays in that subshell, you will hopefully be okay.
Clearly, this isn't ideal, but hopefully it gets you past this hurdle.


On dual-boot rig, wifi internet working on win10 but not on ubuntu 18

TKIP? Not only is TKIP quite insecure, but many wireless drivers, as well as old Chili, hate hate hate TKIP.

First, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I recommend a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

sudo nano /etc/default/crda

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save (Ctrl+o followed by Enter) and close (Ctrl+x) the text editor.

EDIT: If you are in a situation where changing the router is not feasible, a landlord, university, etc., you may get a connection even with TKIP with a driver parameter:

sudo -i
echo "options iwlwifi swcrypto=1"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
exit

Reboot. Any improvement?


Check

all remove repository

back to start terminal command:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade


The fix for Dropbox and Skype icons in 17.04 are the same...

Reference: http://www.webupd8.org/2017/04/fix-appindicator-not-working-for.html

[Quick update] It looks like Dropbox isn't the only AppIndicator that doesn't work in Ubuntu 17.04 Zesty Zapus (under Unity) due to the change of XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP from "Unity" to "Unity:Unity7".

Electron applications (such as the new Skype For Linux, WMail, PB For Desktop and many others) are affected as well, but in a different way. For Electron applications, the indicator is not displayed at all in Ubuntu 17.04 Zesty Zapus under Unity.

The fix is similar to the one applied to the Dropbox indicator. Simply run the application with "env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=Unity". For example, to start Skype For Linux, you would use:

env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=Unity skypeforlinux

To make the fix permanent, copy the application desktop file from /usr/share/applications/ to ~/.local/share/applications/, then edit the file and change the "Exec" line by adding "env XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=Unity" (without the quotes) immediately after "Exec=".

Some applications are set to start automatically and in that case, you'll have to edit the desktop file from ~/.config/autostart/ in the same way.

Note that some applications overwrite any changes made to their autostart files, located in ~/.config/autostart/. A way around this is to rename the autostart file, then in the application settings, set the application not to start on login. This way, the modified autostart file will be used (which has a different name and contains the workaround).


What are the various 'announcements' or 'notices' for package updates?

No: Neither apt nor snapd listen for such announcements. Both collect their information about updates (including security updates) using a different and more robust method.

Security announcements are intended for human admins who must track security vulnerabilities and patches.

Apt and snapd will happily tell you all available updates anytime you wish:

sudo apt update                // update the package database
apt list --upgradeable         // merely listing does not require sudo

snap refresh --list            // merely listing does not require sudo


What provides curses headers named curses.h?

You can install libncurses5-dev package via Software Center or:

sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev

Also, you can install the package by clicking here.

When you need a file or package and can't find it you can use some tools.

1. apt-file

First, install apt-file and update it.

sudo apt-get install apt-file
apt-file update

You can search with apt-file needed files or packages.

apt-file search curses.h

2. Use packages.ubuntu.com

Go to this link.

On right top, select package contents if your are searching a file included with a package. If you need a package directly, just search it with its name choosing package names.


How do I configure the plan yaml file to send the hostname to the dhcp server?

Your netplan yaml shows that you have configured the dhcp4-overrides correctly, but you have also told netplan not to use DHCP at all, but instead use static addresses.  dhcp4: yes should have the correct effect.


Can apt actions delete/modify files inside exiting user home?

There are two issues:

Debian policy dictates how home directories are managed and properly packaged .deb should not modify anything in users home directories.

9.2.3. Non-existent home directories The canonical non-existent home directory is /nonexistent. Users who should not have a home directory
should have their home directory set to this value.
The Debian autobuilders set HOME to /nonexistent so that packages
which try to write to a home directory will fail to build.
10.7.5. User configuration files (“dotfiles”) The files in /etc/skel will automatically be copied into new user accounts by adduser. No
other program should reference the files in /etc/skel.
Therefore, if a program needs a dotfile to exist in advance in $HOME
to work sensibly, that dotfile should be installed in /etc/skel and
treated as a configuration file.
However, programs that require dotfiles in order to operate sensibly
are a bad thing, unless they do create the dotfiles themselves
automatically.
Furthermore, programs should be configured by the Debian default
installation to behave as closely to the upstream default behavior as
possible.
Therefore, if a program in a Debian package needs to be configured in
some way in order to operate sensibly, that should be done using a
site-wide configuration file placed in /etc. Only if the program
doesn’t support a site-wide default configuration and the package
maintainer doesn’t have time to add it may a default per-user file be
placed in /etc/skel.
/etc/skel should be as empty as we can make it. This is particularly
true because there is no easy (or necessarily desirable) mechanism for
ensuring that the appropriate dotfiles are copied into the accounts of
existing users when a package is installed.

See : https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ for details

HOWEVER .....

Installing .deb requires root authorization and packages can run pre and post install scripts that modify files in home directories in violation of debian policy or people who package .deb may choose to ignore debian policy.

So it is possible for .deb to violate debian policy and alter files in user home directories.
This is one of many considerations or reasons you should be very careful when installing .deb from outside the Ubuntu repositories.


Windows doesnt appear in grub but exists in legacy mode

Both / All OS's must be installed in same mode. So if Windows is allready installed in Legacy mode, Ubuntu must be too, for both to show up in GRUB menu. And visa versa.


Using SCP and nohup to transfer large folder between servers

I think would be easier to start the scp from a screen session, and once it's copying detach from the screen, any time you can go back to that screen session and check how is it going.

screen
scp foo bar

Ctrla followed by d to detach from screen

Then reattach to screen:

screen -x


In response to the last answer you shouldn't run graphical applications using sudo. The preferred method is to use either gksu or gksudo. Use sudo when running terminal applications or performing other actions in the shell.