How do I remove Windows 7 from my dual boot system with Ubuntu?

These instructions are only valid if you're not using a Wubi installation

Start a disk manager (GParted or Gnome Partition Manager will be fine)
Select the Windows partition (be sure to select the right one!, if you're selecting a partition with the ext* filesystem, you're wrong. A partition with the NTFS filesystem is more likely to be your windows partition)
Remove the windows partition
Windows 7 installs its bootloader to a 100MB partition, the first one. If this partition exists, remove it.
Create a new partition for your data and format it with the ext4 filesystem
If you're using Gnome Partition Manager, you will be offered to take the ownership of the partition. Otherwise, close the partition manager, mount the partition, open a terminal and run:

sudo chown "$USER": /media/name-of-your-partition

Since the windows partition is missing, GRUB's OS prober won't find it when detecting OSes. To remove the windows boot entry, open a terminal and run:

sudo update-grub

This assumes that GRUB is your bootloader which is always the case if you installed Ubuntu after windows 7.

If you've previously configured Ubuntu to auto-mount your Windows partition, you need to remove that. Edit the /etc/fstab file as root and remove the line regarding windows. Beware that you do not remove other lines as it may render your system unbootable which can be recovered with a Live CD only! Such a line may look like:

/dev/sda2 /media/windows fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0


WiFi not working on Ubuntu 12.04 after upgrade from 10.04

Install 13.10 from a LiveDVD and they tell me it will preserve your home folder. There is better/proper driver support there.


In the terminal, how can I repeat a command multiple times on different files?

If you use the default shell (bash), you can use the following:

for file in *.MOV; do ffmpeg2theora "$file"; done


As far as I know, update-alternatives can only be set globally.

If you want to use a different version of java at any time, specify the full path on the command line or in the script, or if this is for applications that will check JAVA_HOME, set JAVA_HOME at the end of your ~/.profile:

JAVA_HOME=/path/to/java/version/I/want

or export the above in the shell to use only in the current session


I'm almost sure this is due to the changeover to Daylight Saving Time in the given timezone: effectively this means that an hour "disappears" (and hence becomes "invalid").

In my own timezone, DST started at 2AM on Sunday 10th March, so that hour is invalid:

$ cat /etc/timezone
America/Toronto
$ date --date="2019-03-10 02:00:00"
date: invalid date ‘2019-03-10 02:00:00’

whereas the times immediately before and after are valid:

$ date --date="2019-03-10 01:59:59"
Sun Mar 10 01:59:59 EST 2019

$ date --date="2019-03-10 03:00:00"
Sun Mar 10 03:00:00 EDT 2019

In timezones where the change over happens at midnight, the bare date appears invalid because GNU date assumes a time of midnight:

$ TZ=Asia/Tehran date --date='2019-03-22'
date: invalid date ‘2019-03-22’

but one hour later is valid:

$ TZ=Asia/Tehran date --date='2019-03-22 01:00:00'
Fri Mar 22 01:00:00 +0430 2019

See also Invalid Date Linux


Need a way to restrict maximum screen size due to monitor hardware issues

Whilst you can restrict the screen size quite easily, you will find that the laptop tries to be "clever" and adapt to the restricted size.

A partial way around is to go into the laptops BIOS and set it to not try to make lower than native screen resolutions fill the screen. Not sure what the actual phrase will be in your particular BIOS.

When you have done that, the laptop will try to centre the image on screen rather than automatically scale the image up to full-screen. This is still an issue as you will need to loose twice the amount of broken screen. But at least you will be able to see everything.


Will Unity 2D make performance quicker than regular Unity?

Following these instructions:

How to revert to GNOME Classic Desktop?

will install only a few kb of packages and give you a lightweight and gnome2 like experience.


How do I encrypt the / partition but not the whole disk?

A way around missing functionality in the installer is to prepare the disk before.

You can use a live or rescue CD to prepare the disk as you want.
I would suggest to create 2 volume-groups, one encrypted and the other unencrypted.

Afterwards you should be able in the installer to pick up this volume-groups.


How to write Bash script What is the command to open a terminal with two different tabed terminals and execute some commands separately tabs?

one terminal with two tabs:

gnome-terminal --tab --tab

use the -e switch to execute commands (or scripts):

gnome-terminal --tab -e "command1" --tab -e "command2"

(I don't think there is an easy way of feeding your credentials to skype via the terminal.)
Update: check w4YGcbTeIH's answer, skype allows giving credentials via the command line.

But beware, your credentials would be exposed and this should be avoided.

A script to open skype and chromium-browser would look like the following:

#!/bin/bash

skype --dbpath=<path> &
chromium-browser &

Put this code into myscript.sh and execute chmod +x myscript.sh (in a terminal) to make it executable.

About skype:

you can run skype without arguments (skype &) and it will load your default user profile ~/.Skype.
run it with --dbpath=<path> where <path> is your actual path of the Skype profile you want skype to load.

To run the script do one of the following:

open a terminal and execute ./myscript.sh
double click on the script and choose Run in the dialog.


Open a terminal and enter the following commands:

sudo apt-get remove grive-tools
sudo apt-add-repository --remove ppa:thefanclub/grive-tools


Ubuntu 14.10 Intel Parallel Studio 2015 update 3 not supported

If you really insist on installing on 14.10 there is no guarantee it will work but you can try the following.

Because 14.10 uses mir there is no guarantee this will work. Also, you could possibly run into dependency issues which can be a headache. If you are adventurous and enjoy a challenge it may be kind of fun, however, you may end up having to reinstall because of a broken package management problem so do so at your own risk!!

First, add the 14.04 repository just in case there are any explicit dependencies needed.

Copy your existing sources list:

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/trusty-sources.list

Modify the copied file:

sudo sed -i 's/utopic/trusty/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/trusty-sources.list

Next, backup and then modify your /etc/lsb-release file:

sudo cp /etc/lsb-release /etc/lsbbackup
sudo sed -i 's/utopic/trusty/g;s/10/04/g' /etc/lsb-release; cat /etc/lsb-release

The output should look like this:

DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=14.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=trusty
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 14.04"

Next, update apt-get:

sudo apt-get update

Finally, install, re-install, or try running Parallel Studio and it should say your current version is supported.

The recommended approach, of course, is to go ahead and install 14.04LTS. You can even install it on a separate partition to make your set up a dual or even triple boot system. It is not uncommon for a computer to have 3 or even 4 linux operating systems installed on a single hard drive.


LO Writer: Two tables have no empty line between them, yet appear on two separated pages

Merge Table: combines two consecutive tables into a single table. The tables must be directly next to each other and not separated by an empty paragraph.

Choose Table - Merge Table

I have found some help here: https://help.libreoffice.org/Writer/Merge_Table


Do all currently supported Ubuntu releases have the same version of Linux kernel?

Different Ubuntu releases have different kernel versions. Here are links to the 2 most recent kernels for 12.04 and 14.04:

http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/linux-image-3.8.0-44-generic

http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/linux-image-3.16.0-34-generic

The current "stable" kernel from kernel.org is 3.19.4.

Stable releases especially run slightly older kernels. Each kernel version needs time to get really stable (although some are better than the others).

Changing kernels is rarely done on a stable release. Often some low-level tools depend on certain kernel features and changing the kernel would break these tools.


Lenovo G580 Brightness Error caused by unsupported updates. How to revert?

I figured out the method to make brightness work.

I followed this thread: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?s=87102a2aa7f21edc9a672787d430af4d&t=1875126&page=2

and I added acpi_backlight=vendor to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" line, in /etc/default/grub

Then I ran: sudo update-grub

and I restarted my laptop, and it srtarted working. :D


can't find wireless for Intel Corporation 7260 on ubuntu 12.04 LTS (3.2.0.57)

Please boot into 3.2.0-57 and execute as follows:

cd Desktop/backports-3.11-rc3-1/
make clean
make defconfig-iwlwifi
make
sudo make install

After the addition of 'make clean,' it makes perfectly on my 3.2.0-56 machine.

If you still get an error, please confirm you have installed linux-headers-generic and build-essential. Before you try again, please precede with 'make clean.'


Compile latest blender on ubuntu 12.0464bit?

If you need Jack for something in Blender and want to keep Skype (Why wouldn't you), install jackd libjack-jackd2-dev which do not conflict with Skype but provide the same functionality. You should be able to enable WITH_JACK in CMake, and it should build, and it should work. It's working for me as I type this, at least.


I'd suggest considering using a light wight version of Ubuntu.

The first option to consider is Lubuntu lightweight Ubuntu

  Lubuntu is a fast and lightweight operating system. The core of the
  system is based on Linux and Ubuntu. Lubuntu uses the minimal desktop
  LXDE, and a selection of light applications. We focus on speed and
  energy-efficiency. Because of this, Lubuntu has very low hardware
  requirements.

This article provides additional options  5 Lightweight Linux For Old Computers


Is it advisable to install Ubuntu on btrfs or ext4?

What you want to use is a pure personal decision.

Basically btfrs is a filesystem where features ("Copy on Write" almost instant snapshots, subvolumes, and many many more) are more important than performance. 1 of the badass features is the snapshots: want to upgrade? Make a snapshot and if the upgrade kills you machine you are up and running on the old version within seconds.

So if you want a filesystem you can tinker with, do not care about performance (yet) and do not mind having to use the command line feel free to use btfrs.


ThinkPad X1 Carbon (5th Gen, 2017) BIOS update: Canonical ahead of Lenovo?

There doesn't seem to be an actual update to install.

I am seeing the same update prompt on Ubuntu 18.04.1, but clicking on update only temporarily removes the prompt, before it reappears a few seconds later.

When attempting to update via command line, I see zero updates available with the following:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt dist-upgrade

Apologies if this is more "speculation" and "commentary" rather than an actual "answer". Tried to post this info as a comment, but don't have enough rep points.


No sound from embedded videos in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

First try to remove and install again drivers.

sudo apt-get remove alsa-base pulseaudio
sudo apt-get install alsa-base pulseaudio

and force again alsa loading:

sudo alsa force-reload

It wasn't enough for me, so I'd to remove the directory for creating a new one.

 mv ~/.config/pulse ~/.config/old_pulse

Reboot for creating the new files automatically, and it should work.


Ubuntu 20.04 issue with xrdp and monitor

In what conditions are you able to actually see with the monitor? Do you have ssh installed and have you tried remoting in? Linux auto detects graphics now but you can manually set it like they did 20 years ago. Boot into recovery mode, run X -configure, cop the new file from /root/xorg.conf.new to /etc/X11/xorg.conf, then you can edit your xorg.conf. Now when you create the xorg.conf file you will have to know specific information about your graphics card and your resolution etc that is out of scope of this question and particular to you setup.


ssh refusing connection with message "no hostkey alg"

I made new rsa and dsa keys on the board and it went OK:

~# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
~# ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key


sudo apt-get install icedtea-web is the correct command.


Installing Ubuntu on a Lenovo system with a new drive

Yes absolutely.U can also boot & install from a usb drive (it is a bit faster).Just  remember if your hardware supports UEFI, keep in enabled(u'll find it in BIOS). Ubuntu 14.04 is compatible with it.Also don't forget to check this


Verify that an OBEX DEB package is installed, and also start the app "personal file sharing" and verify the current setup.


Avoiding Hard Reboots

Hard reboots are almost never necessary. If you are ever in a situation where you think you might need to do a hard reboot, you should try these alternatives first, in this order:

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1. Then press Ctrl+Alt+Delete. This will usually cleanly shut down and reboot.
If that fails, you can do something that is nearly as powerful as a hard reboot, but which decreases the risk of data loss and other possible negative outcomes of hard rebooting. Hold down Alt and SysRq and, in order, press R E I S U B. (Hold down Alt and SysRq the whole time, but release each letter key before pressing the next one.) See this page for a simple explanation of what that does, and this Wikipedia article for more detailed information.

However, in the situation you have encountered and described in your question, it is very probably not necessary to reboot at all. There is a technique that will probably work to terminate gedit but leave everything else intact and fully functioning. You can even report the bug, though since it is not actually a crash, it won't be with a .crash file.

Recovering Without Rebooting

Since switching workspaces is possible, the system has not locked up completely. When this happens, you should be able to regain complete control of your system by doing the following:

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 to switch from the GUI to a virtual console.
Log in with your username and password. You won't see anything appear on the screen as you enter your password. That's OK.
Now that you have a shell prompt (like in the Terminal GUI application), terminate all gedit processes with killall gedit. Please note that you will lose any unsaved work in any gedit windows/tabs.
Run killall gedit again to see if it worked the first time. If it says gedit: no process found that's good--it means you successfully terminated gedit. If it doesn't say that, then gedit is nonresponsive to SIGTERM (the "nice" way of asking a process to terminate). In this case, terminate it with SIGKILL by running killall -KILL gedit. Occasionally a process is in uninterruptible sleep, which means that it's waiting on a kernel I/O operation, and cannot even be terminated this way. To check for that, run killall -KILL gedit again.
Press Ctrl+Alt+F7 to switch back to the GUI, which should now be fully functional.

Assuming the GUI is fully functional, the problem lies in the interaction between gedit and some GUI component--it could be X11 itself, or it could be your window manager (which might be compiz, metacity, openbox, or something else, depending on what graphical interface you use). This might be due to a bug in gedit, or in your window manager (or X11). Before reporting the bug, it would be best for you to investigate this. Sean Davis's advice is good. You should find out what window manager you use. This question can help you with that. In recent versions of Ubuntu, 3D Unity uses compiz and Unity 2D uses metacity. You can use the ps command and grep to see if a process is running, if you know its name. For example, you can use ps x | grep compiz to see if you're running compiz or ps x | grep metacity to see if you're running metacity. As Sean Davis says, if you're running Unity, try Unity 2D (i.e., click the gear icon on the login screen and select Ubuntu 2D) and see if the problem still occurs.

Initiating the Bug Reporting Process

Once you've gathered this information, go ahead and report the bug. A crash is when a program terminates abnormally. This bug is not a crash, so there will be no .crash file and Apport will not be able to run automatically to gather data. But you can still use Apport to collect some relevant data for reporting the bug. There are two reasonable ways to do this.

One option is to run ubuntu-bug, passing a package name as an argument. This will gather data about the way that package is installed and configured on your system and attach it to your bug report. You should specify whatever package you think is most likely causing the problem. If the problem occurs in 3D Unity (session type "Ubuntu") but not in Unity 2D (session type "Ubuntu 2D") then it's probably in compiz so run ubuntu-bug compiz. (Similarly, if the problem occurs only with Unity 2D, you could run ubuntu-bug metacity.) Otherwise, go ahead and report it against gedit itself with ubuntu-bug gedit.

Running ubuntu-bug compiz includes a lot of information about compiz, but ubuntu-bug gedit includes less information about gedit. So if you think the bug is in gedit, and you're willing to go the extra mile, you may want to invoke Apport while gedit is actually running, to include information about the running gedit process. Since your GUI doesn't work when the bug is happening, you'd have to do this from the virtual console, between steps 2 and 3 above. Here's how:

Reproduce the bug by dragging a tab from one gedit window to another.
Perform steps 1 and 2 in the above instructions.
Determine the process ID of the running gedit process by running the command pidof gedit. This will give you a number, the PID of the running gedit process.
Type script and press enter. This records all the text on the console.
Run apport-cli $PID, but replace $PID with the process ID of the running edit process as determined in step 3.
Provide any information that Apport requests on the command-line. You should get a URL. It will be long and random-looking, and thus very hard to remember. That's why you ran script to record everything.
Run exit (to quit script).
Kill gedit and switch back to the GUI by performing steps 3, 4, and 5 in the above instructions.
script created a file called typescript, located right in your home directory. Find this file and open it with gedit or another text editor. Copy the URL from it and open it in your web browser.
You will be given the opportunity to write a bug report in your web browser.

Writing and Submitting Your Bug Report

However you report the bug, you'll be writing a report in your web browser and submitting it. The report should be as detailed as possible. It should describe how to produce the bug, the package version for gedit and whatever package provides your window manager (e.g., compiz or metacity), and an explanation of what conditions are required for the bug to occur (for example, does it occur in all interfaces, or only Unity 3D, or something else).

Before submitting your bug report, you should make sure to read this page carefully if you have not done so already.

After you submit your bug report, it is advisable to add any additional packages you think are likely to be affected. Usually, it is clear what package is affected by a bug, but in this case, it is not completely clear. Even if the problem happens with compiz and not metacity, there could still be a problem in gedit itself contributing to the bug.

If you reported the bug against compiz (or metacity or some other window manager), you can add the gedit package as affected. If you reported it against the gedit package because you were able to produce the bug with at least two different window managers, then you should not add any window manager package as affected (unless there is some window manager with which you have found that the bug does not occur). Instead, you can add the xorg package.

To add another package besides the one against which you initially reported the bug, go to the bug page on Launchpad (if you're not already there) and click Also affects distribution. Specify Ubuntu as the distribution (since you're saying it affects another package in Ubuntu). Then specify the name of the additional package you think may be affected, as the package name.

With more than one package listed for the bug, it's likely (though not certain) that all but one will be considered wrong and marked Invalid. That's OK. But reporting the bug against all the packages that seem likely to be affected, you're giving bug triagers and developers for those packages the opportunity to review your bug and determine if they think it's affecting their package. (But I emphasize that usually you should not do this, because usually it's possible to figure out, perhaps with community help, which package a bug is in before reporting it.)


Is Ubuntu safe from USB hacks when lock screen is on?

The sole purpose of the lock screen is to prevent physical access to a running user session through human interface devices (keyboards, mice, displays…). It doesn't prevent any interaction with system and session services through other means. That means that the kernel will still enumerate new USB devices and send notifications about them to udev which in turn will do things like to load appropriate kernel modules or start a service related to the device.

Moreover, the lock screen doesn't prevent any interaction between (new) USB devices the system firmware (e. g. the BIOS) which is what BadUSB targets.

Bottom line:

If you want to safeguard against firmware attacks, upgrade vulnerable firmware or don't use the hardware built upon it.
If you want to safeguard against USB attacks against the operating system (kernel and user space services), disable the specific udev rules that enable them – or disable all udev rules related to USB to prevent any interaction between the operating system and USB device1 without the explicit action of a super-user.

1 except enumeration which is harmless when implemented correctly.


Is it ok to format bootable usb Pendrive after install finished ubuntu 18.04?

If you installed Ubuntu 18.04 on your local hard drive from an USB stick, and the installation succeeded, first reboot your computer without the stick connected to check that everything is working fine, and if it is, you can format your USB drive directly from your new ubuntu installation, assuming you won't need to use it for installing Ubuntu again.


What package do I install for GNOME Classic on a minimal install?

Try gnome-desktop-environment. That should install unmodified Gnome2, similar to what you get in Debian.


Yes, it is beneficial to use cinnamon instead of the default Ubuntu desktop because it uses less resources while providing all features (I personally liked it more than the default).

Simply run these commands:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install cinnamon

If you face any issues you can just switch back to your default desktop environment easily by clicking the gear icon at login screen.


I'm using that exact model with a 256G SSD on an ESATA port, but I do use the external power supply.  It outperforms my internal hard disk on the Lenovo to which it is attached.  The intall and boot was without problems, no particular lessons learned, everything went as expected.


How do I install ubuntu studio and remove dual boot?

The simple way to do this
Backup your data!
Create a bootable media with Ubuntu Studio.
Verify the media.
Boot from media (into Ubuntu Studio)
Delete every partition on the disk you're installing on
Install Ubuntu Studio


Search for 'Keyboard Input methods' in the dash and open it. You would now end up with a IBus preference window.
There, tick the checkbox next to 'Show icon on system tray'. See the attached image for clarification.

After you enable the checkbox, you would have an IBus indicator in the top panel.


I was encountering a weird bug like this. At the login screen hit ctrl + alt + f2 and make sure you can log in there. if you can, you should link /sbin/init and /sbin/initctl to /bin/init and /bin/initctl respectively. I just ran ln -s /sbin/init /bin/init and  the same for initctl and it seemed to clean the problem right up.


Can't use Ubuntu Software Center or update Ubuntu 14.04

As stated in your quoted error message, oxygen-icon-theme is "half-installed" and blocks the rest. Try the following:

sudo dpkg --force-remove-reinstreq --remove oxygen-icon-theme

This should fix your problem


Why removing the xfce4 package doesn't remove the XFCE desktop environment?

xfce4 itself is a meta-package that will install a default configured xfce desktop environment.

In most cases the base files that comes with xfce4 are: xfconf, xfce4-utils, xfwm4, xfce4-session, thunar, xfdesktop4, exo-utils

So you can do

sudo apt-get purge xfconf xfce4-utils xfwm4 xfce4-session thunar xfdesktop4 exo-utils xfce4-panel xfce4-terminal

Then most of the package that were associated with these package become autoremovable so you can run

sudo apt-get autoremove

or, almost all xfce4 package depend upon libxfce4util-common. Just purge that one and you remove everything related to xfce


After upgrading to 18.04 from 16.04, my xmind doesn't work anymore!

Thank you, wczmatthew, for this comment

It works with Ubuntu 18.04, XMind8 update 4 x64.

  I found a solution. Append a config item --add-modules=ALL-SYSTEM at the end of XMind.ini, and XMind works.

I'd be interested to know how you arrived at that solution.


I've got the solution!
The command i had executed was:
# route del -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 eth1

After that command my: 0 network, 10 network AND 51 network was accessible.
I also edit /etc/sysctl.conf and uncomment net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 before, but i'm not sure if this is necessary.
my configs:
ifconfig -a
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0c:29:e0:03:9c
          inet addr:192.168.10.2  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fee0:39c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:53794 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:53916 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:6812117 (6.8 MB)  TX bytes:21573511 (21.5 MB)

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0c:29:e0:03:9c
          inet addr:192.168.10.10  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0c:29:e0:03:a6
          inet addr:192.168.0.237  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fee0:3a6/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:29845 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:469 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:2555869 (2.5 MB)  TX bytes:42872 (42.8 KB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:8157 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:8157 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:624350 (624.3 KB)  TX bytes:624350 (624.3 KB)

route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.51.0    192.168.0.1     255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 eth1
192.168.10.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
0.0.0.0         192.168.10.254  0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
0.0.0.0         192.168.10.254  0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
0.0.0.0         192.168.10.254  0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0

/etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.10.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.10.254

auto eth0:1
iface eth0:1 inet static
address 192.168.10.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.10.254

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.0.237
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
post-up route add -net 192.168.51.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.0.1


How to boost mplayer (SMPlayer) sound (in Lubuntu)?

Open SMPlayer, go to Options > Preferences. Under General, click the tab Audio.

There should be an option Use software volume control and next to it the maximum amplification. See this screenshot (my SMPlayer version is 0.8.3):


Install Cheese by clicking that link.

Then, open Cheese from the Dash. You can record and view a live video stream of your webcam.

P.S. You can also do this through VLC! Check https://askubuntu.com/a/614654/423626


group rwx on directory but still permission denied

Yes "this is an nfs mount via autofs" is the key. Permissions on file/dirs mounted via NFS are controlled by how your UID maps into the NFS server's UID space (and what groups you have on the NFS server), and how the NFS volume is mounted.

Do

mount | egrep '[[:blank:]]/srv'

to see how it's mounted.


I cannot boot Xubuntu. Can anybody help?

Try boot-repair  it's pretty good at fixing this sort of problem.


Laptop monitor stays black with an external display connected to my Asus UX32VD

First check that the Ubuntu ISO is correct by checking the md5sum or sha1sum.
To check, run the following command on the terminal:

    md5sum /path/to/ubuntu/image.iso

          And make sure they match to the ones give on the release page.

If they don't match, download the image again.

However, if they do match, this would be a bug. Please report it on launchpad.net.

Update: As answered here, it can be a gpu problem. If you've nvidia card, make sure all the drivers are installed.
Then, run the following command from the terminal:
sudo nvidia-settings

You can now configure multiple displays and gpu settings.


This is really not enough information to help you can do the following steps see if it fixes or give us more data back.

Step #1:

Lets first check your file system for errors.

To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
and reboot

If this doesnt fixed it

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB

start gparted and determine which /dev/sdaX is your Ubuntu EXT4
partition quit gparted open a terminal window
type sudo fsck -f
/dev/sdaX # replacing X with the number you found earlier repeat the
fsck command if there were errors type reboot


Ubuntu Precise system headers moved somewhere else and sys/ucontext.h cannot be found

You can create a symbolic link using this on a terminal:

$ sudo ln -s /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/ucontext.h /usr/include/sys/ucontext.h

If /usr/include/sys/ucontext.h already existed, you may want to rename it before:

$ sudo mv /usr/include/sys/ucontext.h /usr/include/sys/ucontext.h.backup

If anything went wrong, you can remove the symlink and restore the backup:

$ sudo rm /usr/include/sys/ucontext.h
$ sudo mv /usr/include/sys.ucontext.h.backup /usr/include/sys/ucontext.h


Dell xps l502x and mini displayport problem

In order to track the problem, please provide the output of these commands when you connect your external monitor (the external monitor must be powered on, and ready to receive DVI signal - Also make sure your external monitor is still functional):

lspci | grep VGA

&

xrandr -q

&

uname -a

Dell XPS 15 L502X & Ubuntu


Front panel audio connection not working after restart

Just the same. But, I've found a solution. Changing FP audio setting in BIOS to AUTO (HD mode), then restart, swithing back to ENABLED (AC97 mode) and restart again. It's quite annoying, but I can't see any better solution =(


How can I disable Macbook screen when the lid is closed whilst continuing to use an external monitor?

Not sure if your problem is Macbook specific. If it isn't, you can just go to power settings, and specify the Do nothing option when the lid is closed.

Then you can open Displays, and turn your laptop screen off. See below:


Black Screen after install kernel 4.2-rc3 on Ubuntu 14.04.02 LTS

This looks like a similar problem to what I've found

I ran 'apt-get dist-upgrade' on debian stretch, and then laptop display becomes black on boot up. This also happens with latest Arch boot usb.
I can get around this by either:
 boot kernel 4.1 (as opposed to 4.2) from GRUB
 run 'vbetool dpms on'

Hope this helps

Matt


I'm afraid there is no way to uninstall the upgrade. But you could succeed finishing the upgrade process by typing following via the terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


Comparison between two tab separated files in shell script using awk

Here is a hint. The output of:
paste 1.txt 2.txt | awk '
{ FS = "\t" }
NR == 1 { n = NF/2 } {
  for(i=1;i<=n;i++) print "\"" $i "\" " ($i == $(i+n) ? "==":"!=") " \"" $(i+n) "\""
  print "###############"
}'

which compares and prints every field in every record between files, ends with:
"ID60" == "ID60"
"Steve" != "Mark"
"Goldberg" != "Waugh"
"" != "St. Petersburg"
"6666600000" != "7777700000"
###############
"" != "8888800000"
"ID70" != ""
"John" != ""
"Smith" != ""
"" == ""
###############

There are two errors:

There is an hidden off-by-one error in the case of a line only existing in the second file.  This is because a missing record has one field, an empty string before the tab added by paste.  Therefore, in this case, you are effectively comparing the fields in the order 5,1,2,3,4.

Field 4 is empty for this line in both files (albeit in different ways), so I would have expected the output:
Line No. 7 COLUMN NO 1,2,3,5

To get the exact output you want, the crude fix below will report that all fields don't match if a line is only present in one file.  This can be detected by the NF == n+1 added to the if, because there should be only n+1 and not 2*n fields for a line only present in one file, whichever file that is.
paste 1.txt 2.txt | awk '
{ FS = "\t" }
NR == 1 { n = NF/2 } {
  for(i=1;i<=n;i++) if(NF == n+1 || $i!=$(i+n)) {c = c s i; s = "," }
  if(c){print "Line No. " NR-1 " COLUMN NO " c; c = "" ; s = "" }
}'

This assumes that all records contain the correct number of tabs, n-1.


root@localhost's password: localhost: Permission denied, please try again

Source and destination users are different, and that should be the reason of this. Would suggest you trying to start Hadoop daemons without sudo. ssh is actually from one user@host to another user@host pair. When you skip target user in your ssh command it is assumed to be same as the source user. But here your source user becomes root as you are using sudo while the destination user is still kashif.

HTH


How to install driver for an Acer OrbiCam bison?

Looks like OrbiCam worked in ubuntu 10.4 and then stopped working in 10.10. This bug has history back to karmic 9.10.

Last bug report is from 2010-10-10:

  worked on 10.04 stopped working on 10.10 the system can't find a dev/video2 device.
  stil with lsusb I get
   Bus 001 Device 012: ID 046d:0896 Logitech, Inc. OrbiCam

Check THIS bug report for more info.


Cannot install a package on Ubuntu 17.04

If you have rmadison installed you can simply run:

rmadison dconf-editor | grep zesty

to find out if this package is available for zesty. here is my output:

 dconf-editor | 3.23.4-0ubuntu1 | zesty/universe   | source, amd64, arm64, ...

So it's there and it's in universe component; to find out if you have access to install it run:

apt-cache policy dconf-editor

If you get nothing, I guess something is wrong with your sources.list, run:

grep "^deb " /etc/apt/sources.list

to check your sources.list file; you should have some lines look like this:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ zesty-updates universe

If you dont, add them, update your sources; then install the program.


My fstab file mounts several shared folders on my home network to folders in my home directory.  When I take my laptop out, the links are broken.

I only noticed the problem when I attempted to use a program that wanted to read my home directory.  Since I don't do that often, the issue felt intermittent.

Remove those lines from the fstab, and to make a script file (and launcher) to mount those folders when I need them.


How do I run a command at start up on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS?

Create a shell script for the command. Create a new text file, say set-xgamma.sh somewhere and add the following lines to the file:

#!/bin/bash
xgamma -gamma 0.70

and save the file.
Make the script executable (refer to this).
In Startup Applications, while editing the program, click Browse... next to the 'Command' textbox and select the set-xgamma.sh file you just created.


How do I automatically switch PulseAudio input to headset upon connection?

I almost fix it on my laptop running Debian 10 this way:

Unplug your headset.
Edit /etc/pulse/daemon.conf — set log-level = debug
Restart pulseaudio: pulseaudio -k
Run journalctl --follow in a separate terminal/tmux window
Plug in your headset and watch what happens. module-alsa-card.c: Jack 'Headphone Mic Jack' is now plugged in says which jack is detected
Edit /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input-headset-mic.conf, find the [Jack Headphone Mic] section and change state.plugged from unknown to yes

I said "almost", because

Mic gain did not restore
It does not distinguish external loudspeakers (TRS jack) and headset (TRRS jack) and switch input source anyway, so I get static noise instead of internal mic audio.

The blog post guided me this direction.


It was a Cinnamon Desktop thing.  I accidentally placed my mouse cursor over only visible user and a list showed up, allowing me to select a user.


What is Wine doing when it says, "The Wine configuration in /home/user/.wine is being updated, please wait..."?

When you update your system, there may be some updates for the wine package.

Since the wine programs and directories are set in your home folder, when you first start wine after an update, it updates (copies the new wine files from the installed one to your directory) so it's completely normal.

If you look under the wine folder on your $HOME doing this:

nautilus $HOME/.wine

You'll see the "virtual" hardrive that wine uses to run the windows applications. There is a drive_c folder that acts like a C: device, you can browse it and find a reproduction of a Windows System file structure. When a new version is installed in your Ubuntu, this file structure is updated with the latest versions. There's not much more I can tell you... just think of that directory as a working version of a virtual Windows installation.


the path i was using was wrong.i was using /opt/lampp/htdocs/www/a.php rather it should be /opt/lampp/htdocs/xampp/www/a.php that is why its cant be found. as i have url that responds in http://localhost/xampp/www so i had to just put my directories and files inside /opt/lampp/htdocs/xampp/www and it works fine.thnkx all


Getting "boot error" when trying to boot from USB

I had a lot of trouble creating an actual bootable USB. Hope this helps someone avoid the same trouble I had ...

I found this hint online somewhere and thought I'd share:

Get the mbr software

apt-get install mbr

Install a boot sector onto the USB

sudo install-mbr /dev/sdd

Copy an iso image onto the device

sudo dd if=ubuntu-15.10-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdd

replace /dev/sdd with your own device.

sudo reboot


Dell XPS 13 7390
BIOS
Your BIOS is current at version 1.5.1.
fsck
You have a dirty file system.

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

memtest
Go to https://www.memtest86.com/ and download/run their free memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass of all the 4/4 tests to confirm good memory. This may take many hours to complete.
swap
Your /swapfile is excessive. There's no guarantee that this will fix your problem, but it might. We'll reduce /swapfile from 31G to 4G.
Note: Incorrect use of the dd command can cause data loss. Suggest copy/paste.
sudo swapoff -a           # turn off swap
sudo rm -i /swapfile      # remove old /swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=4096

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile  # set proper file protections
sudo mkswap /swapfile     # init /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile     # turn on swap
free -h                   # confirm 16G RAM and 4G swap
reboot                    # reboot and verify operation

Add this line to /etc/fstab (if it doesn't already exist)...
/swapfile    none    swap    sw      0   0

Samsung NVMe
Check for firmware updates for your Samsung NVMe. Download the Samsung Magician here. This will require Windows, or you can try building a FreeDOS USB stick to do this.


Can't install Ubuntu on Windows partition

Your Windows installation uses so-called "dynamic" disks (aka the Logical Disk Manager, or LDM). This is extremely important, because Ubuntu doesn't support installation to or booting from an LDM disk, and any attempt to manipulate your current partition table is LIKELY TO CAUSE DIFFICULT-TO-REPAIR DATA LOSS!

Chances are you got into this mess by trying to create the Linux partition using the Windows tools. On an MBR disk, when you try to expand the number of partitions beyond 4, the Windows partitioning tools will convert the disk from a straight-up MBR system to MBR with LDM atop that. This is convenient for Windows-only installations, but it's very very bad for dual-booting Windows with just about anything else.

Fortunately, there are tools that can help you, such as EaseUS Partition Manager and the AOMEI Dynamic Disk Converter. Note that I've never used these tools myself, so I can't comment on them except to say that I know they exist. If possible, I recommend using these tools to convert all five of the partitions you have now to "basic" (non-LDM) form, then delete the one you created for use by Ubuntu.

The reason for this is that, even when you remove the partition you created for Ubuntu, you'll have four partitions. The reason the Windows tools use dynamic disks when you go above that number is that MBR supports a maximum of four primary partitions. Most OSes use logical partitions to go beyond the 4-primary-partition limit, but these require the presence of a special type of primary partition known as an extended partition. If you delete the to-be-Ubuntu partition and then convert to basic form, the tool is likely to turn all four of your partitions into primary partitions, leaving no room for the extended partition Ubuntu will need. If you can convert all five partitions, though, the conversion tool should create an extended partition and convert two partitions (probably your E: and the to-be-Ubuntu partition) into logical partitions. If the conversion tool refuses to convert more than four partitions, you can delete the to-be-Ubuntu partition, convert the remaining four partitions, and use my FixParts program to convert the final primary partition to logical form; however, you may need to use something else to slightly resize the partition that comes before the to-be-logical partition to make room for the extra data structures that logical partitions require.

Once you convert the disk from dynamic to "basic," you can install Ubuntu. The Ubuntu installer provides options to let you use free space on the disk or to install alongside Windows; or you can use the (poorly-named, IMHO) "something else" option to partition the disk manually within the installer.


Try Etherpad, a nice alternative to Google Docs based on Node.js. We used it in some projects with relative success.


You don't have permission to access / on this server

I found the solution to this. The problem lies in my /etc/hosts file on the server. I've changed it to this, and everything now works fine.

127.0.0.1       localhost
127.0.1.1       localhost
192.168.0.2       server-01.jjnetwork       server-01
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

dnsmasq seems to have been returning the first record it finds as the result of a dns query. In my case, it was 127.0.1.1 which the local box seems to have been re-routing to 127.0.0.1, hence the error.


A grey square (overlay) in the middle of the screen, Ubuntu 16.04 Dell xps 13 9360

Ok, it was my fault.

The overlay was caused by gnome-screenshot still running in background after a screencap was made.

Problem is solved closing all istances of gnome-screenshot


Signing out from Hangouts Webapp in Chrome Linux version

I just installed Hangouts into Chrome just to test your question. There is a little down arrow next to the "+ New Hangout" button that will allow you to sign out.


Cannot manipulate my files in Ubuntu 18.04

After trying to remount the partition in the recommended location from the comments I came across a new set of errors which led me to the eventual solution.
I had to run this series of commands
sudo ntfsfix /dev/sda1
sudo umount /dev/sda1
sudo mount -o rw /dev/sda1 /home/steve/data

Now I have full r+w access again. The key here was the sudo ntfsfix /dev/sda1 command, as I guess the problem came from a windows restart or hibernation file that was present in the partition, and this command fixed that for me.


How do I add swap after system installation?

You need to edit /etc/fstab and add the new swap partition.

sudo nano /etc/fstab

You need to add a line that looks like

UUID=735b3be3-779c-4d21-a944-b033225f3ab4 none   swap    sw      0       0

and you get the UUID using the command

sudo blkid /dev/sda3

(substitute /dev/sda3 with the appropriate device name; in order to see the appropriate device name, we can use lsblk - as said here).

Related:

How to edit files in a terminal with nano?


Problem of loading ubuntu 14.04 32 bit alongside windows 8 pro 32 bit

Windows 8  will overwrite GRUB boot menu(which is the dual boot screen you are referring to). I believe reinstalling GRUB through windows will fix your problem. Another fix would be simply to reinstall Ubuntu, in which process you can reinstall GRUB and decide between Windows OS and Ubuntu. It is possible to retain your previous Ubuntu files this way. I would first try installing GRUB boot menu and making sure it is installed on the root of the first partition. I am not an expert but I believe this will solve your problem.


I don't know if there is a scrot-specific way to tell scrot where to save the files.
There is a way that works in general, for every command that acts based on its current directory. Instead of executing the command directly via cron, the command can be used in a shell script and cron just has to execute that script.
Your crontab would look like this:
0,10,20,30,40,50 * * * * /home/hbkidf/bin/screenshot.sh

And the script could look like this:
#!/bin/bash

cd /tmp/screenshots/
DISPLAY=:0 scrot

To make this work, you have to set the executable flag on your script, e.g:
chmod u+x /home/hbkidf/bin/screenshot.sh

The script location (home directory, sub directory "bin") is just an example. The script might may be stored anywhere, as long as it is accessible for the user the cronjob is running as.
This script is just an extra layer between cron and scrot. This does not change anything related to the involved user(s). When the cronjob is running as User1, the script will be executed as User1, and thus scrot will be executed as User1.


Which file system should I use for Samba shares?

There is no "best" for anything but if I would have been given the choice between ext4 and ntfs for a Samba share on an Ubuntu server, I'd go for an ext4 file system as that is the one the Kernel understands best and has better performance.

Just ensure that you create users both on their home system and on the Samba system.  (unless you want a "world-writable" share).


how to install uploadprogress with php 7.0

Depends on how you installed PHP 7.0:

From ppa:ondrej/php - just do apt-get install php-uploadprogress
From sources - you need to build the extension from current git tree:

git clone git@git.php.net:/pecl/php/uploadprogress.git
phpize # just make sure the default phpize belongs to PHP 7.0
./configure
make
sudo make install


Any chance you're booting off a SSD hard drive? I had similar problems on 12.10 with my new computer. Turned out that it was a bug that causes lightdm to sometimes start before the nvidia graphics driver had time to initialize on systems with really fast loading times :)
However it seems it's been fixed in 13.04 (at least for me)

My solution was to edit this file /etc/init/lightdm.conf
and before the "exec lightdm" line insert a new line with "sleep 1", so it looks like this:

sleep 1
exec lightdm

Otherwise, it kinda feels like were looking at a hardware problem here...


12.04 - Connecting Acer X203H monitor to new Dell XPS 15z laptop

First  thing is XPS14Z is nvidia optimus enabled. Optimus is not supported by nvidia in linux. The bumblebee project is really helpful in power saving but still its a nightmare specially in case of multi moniter setup.

There are two kind of video chips with optimus (source)

The port (DisplayPort / HDMI / VGA) is wired to the Intel chip, you do not need to do anything special to get external monitors to work in this case.
The port is wired into the nvidia chip. In this case you can currently not expand the screen over monitors. The monitor may still be used as extra screen (with no desktop running on it) or to run the full desktop on it (with no output on the Intel LVDS output, a.k.a. "the laptop display").

XPS 14z has the second setup. So you can use your either your external monitor or your laptop screen.

According to your question  you want Desktop on external monitor, you need to follow the below steps, (I don't have XPS 14z, all information is from here)

Do not install bumblebee. If already installed , uninstall it first.
install nvida-current. sudo apt-get install nvidia-current. Don't reboot.
Connect the external monitor. Get the connected monitors by executing
/usr/lib/nvidia-current/bin/nvidia-xconfig --query-gpu-info --nvidia-cfg-path=/usr/lib/nvidia-current

at the end line you will get something like below, figure out your monitor from there. remember the corresponding value like CRT-0. we will need it later

Display Device 0 (CRT-0):

Create /etc/X11/xorg.conf. For this, press Alt+F2 and type gksu gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf.
The content should be like

Section "ServerLayout"
    Identifier "Layout0"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier "Device1"
    Driver "nvidia"
    VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation"
    Option "NoLogo" "true"
    Option "ConnectedMonitor" "DFP"
EndSection

Change DFP to the display device number as you got in step 3.

Restart the X server (or simply reboot the system)

To restart X follow this,

Press Alt+Ctrl+F1 , log in using your credential.
type in sudo restart lightdm

If you get a black screen, please remove the config file by executing sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Please feel free to edit this answer to add more guidance if required.


Yes, but not from the GRUB rescue shell. You need to enter the BIOS before GRUB shows up. The details depend on your machine but there should be a message displayed during POST that tells you what key to press to enter "Setup".

The key is often one of Del, F12 or F2, so try those if you don't see a message. You need to do this before the GRUB screen loads though.


How can I display the familly name first in the addressbook on Ubuntu Touch?

Not sure if that's possible at the moment

There is a bug about sorting
https://bugs.launchpad.net/address-book-app/+bug/1215373

It might be worth opening another one with your request
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/address-book-app/+filebug


You can use the terminal program traceroute for the this task.

Your specific case would look for example like this:

traceroute -6 -i "B-interface" -g "A-IP" "C-IP"

here the -6 flag stands for IPv6

-i for the outgoing interface on your host

-g for gateway or as the next hop in your case

and finaly your destination

if your connection was the default route you could also use just tracepath6 with the IP of the destination and it would do the work for you.


avoid installing some packages from metapackage

You could script the task. I'm pretty sure I posted this elsewhere, but can't find it now. First, create a file with the packages you don't want. For example:

$ cat dont-want.txt
memtest86+
wireless-tools
firefox
evince

Then parse the output of apt-cache depends:

apt-cache depends xubuntu-desktop | awk '$1 == "Depends:" {print $2}' | grep -vFf dont-want.txt

This should include the packages on which the metapackage directly depends, without the packages you excluded. Then you can use xargs to install:

apt-cache depends xubuntu-desktop |
  awk '$1 == "Depends:" {print $2}' |
  grep -vFf dont-want.txt |
  sudo xargs apt-get install

If the unwanted package is not a direct dependency, you would need to use apt-rdepends instead of apt-cache depends.

You can also use Apt Pinning to enforce the ban: How to forbid a specific package to be installed?


How to install all packages suggested by **TAB** auto-completion?

Aptitude does support regular expressions. From man aptitude:

install
   Install one or more packages. The packages should be listed after
   the “install” command; if a package name contains a tilde character
   (“~”) or a question mark (“?”), it will be treated as a search
   pattern and every package matching the pattern will be installed
   (see the section “Search Patterns” in the aptitude reference
   manual).

In fact its search system is sufficiently more powerful than apt's that you have to be more specific in what you want to search for. And aptitude install 'octave?' does try to install every package matching octave ... including those of any other architecture added to your system (say, i386 on an amd64 system). So, restricting the search a bit:

sudo aptitude install '?name (octave*) ?architecture (native)'

or, in short:

sudo aptitude install '~n octave* ~r native'

... which tried to install 360+ packages compared to 38 from just sudo aptitude install octave.


Formating and partioning a large Harddrive

Have you tried using Gparted in live mode, to format and then make an new partition using the full size of the hard drive and then re-install?


How to specify a different locale for postgreSQL installation?

I just found a solution for this problem! Here it is..

1- Stop and drop your current cluster:

$ sudo pg_dropcluster --stop 9.3 main

2- Create a new cluster with the correct locale:

$ sudo locale-gen pt_BR.UTF-8
$ sudo pg_createcluster --locale pt_BR.UTF-8 9.3 main

3- Confirm it worked as expected:

$ sudo -u postgres psql
(9.3)
=> show LC_COLLATE;


Start irssi and run these two commands

/BIND home previous_window
/BIND end next_window

The relevant syntax of the bind command is:

/BIND <key ref> <action>

Here are all actions you can bind to key refs:

17:23 command                        Run any command
17:23 key                            Specify name for key binding
17:23 multi                          Run multiple commands
17:23 nothing                        Do nothing
17:23 backward_character             Move the cursor a character backward
17:23 forward_character              Move the cursor a character forward
17:23 backward_word                  Move the cursor a word backward
17:23 forward_word                   Move the cursor a word forward
17:23 backward_to_space              Move the cursor backward to a space
17:23 forward_to_space               Move the cursor forward to a space
17:23 beginning_of_line              Move the cursor to the beginning of the line
17:23 end_of_line                    Move the cursor to the end of the line
17:23 backward_history               Go back one line in the history
17:23 forward_history                Go forward one line in the history
17:23 backspace                      Delete the previous character
17:23 delete_character               Delete the current character
17:23 delete_next_word               Delete the word after the cursor
17:23 delete_previous_word           Delete the word before the cursor
17:23 delete_to_previous_space       Delete up to the previous space
17:23 delete_to_next_space           Delete up to the next space
17:23 erase_line                     Erase the whole input line
17:23 erase_to_beg_of_line           Erase everything before the cursor
17:23 erase_to_end_of_line           Erase everything after the cursor
17:23 yank_from_cutbuffer            "Undelete", paste the last deleted text
17:23 transpose_characters           Swap current and previous character
17:23 transpose_words                Swap current and previous word
17:23 capitalize_word                Capitalize the current word
17:23 downcase_word                  Downcase the current word
17:23 upcase_word                    Upcase the current word
17:23 send_line                      Execute the input line
17:23 word_completion_backward
17:23 word_completion                Complete the current word
17:23 erase_completion               Remove the completion added by word_completion
17:23 check_replaces                 Check word replaces
17:23 previous_window                Go to the previous window
17:23 next_window                    Go to the next window
17:23 upper_window                   Go to the split window above
17:23 lower_window                   Go to the split window below
17:23 left_window                    Go to the previous window in the current split window
17:23 right_window                   Go to the next window in the current split window
17:23 active_window                  Go to next window with the highest activity
17:23 next_window_item               Go to the next channel/query. In empty windows change to the next server
17:23 previous_window_item           Go to the previous channel/query. In empty windows change to the previous server
17:23 refresh_screen                 Redraw screen
17:23 scroll_backward                Scroll to previous page
17:23 scroll_forward                 Scroll to next page
17:23 scroll_start                   Scroll to the beginning of the window
17:23 scroll_end                     Scroll to the end of the window
17:23 escape_char                    Insert the next character exactly as-is to input line
17:23 insert_text                    Append text to line
17:23 change_window                  Change window
17:23 stop_irc                       Send SIGSTOP to client

Key refs are either the escaped character e.g. ^X ^Y ^Z, or they are defined automatically by irssi:

17:28  return                  - The return/enter key
17:28  space, backspace        - Space / backspace
17:28  up, down, left, right   - Arrow keys
17:28  cleft, cright           - Ctrl-left/right
17:28  home, end, prior, next  - prior = Page Up, next = Page Down
17:28  insert, delete


Press ALT and hold it and try to move the window upwards so that you can reach the controls.


Errors while making driver for Tp-Link t2uh in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

You might check github.com for newer mt7610u drivers that will work with 16.04...

https://github.com/search?o=desc&q=mt7610u&s=updated&type=Repositories&utf8=%E2%9C%93

sort by "recently updated".

You might look at:

https://github.com/ulli-kroll/mt7610u


Upgrade from 13.10 to 14.04 stalled - how to salvage?

Since noone seemed to have had a better idea, I went ahead and killed the update-grub that was stuck. It didn't take a HUP, so it got a SIGKILL. The parent process didn't notice (oops. No return values?) and continued. There have been enough update-grubs and several runs of building an initramfs, so the lapse probably shouldn't matter, unless it was indicative of another problem.
Currently it's mostly finished, setting out to remove packages it no longer wants. I'll update where it ends up at.

Update: The upgraded system rebooted just fine. For some strange reason it insists on booting the oldest kernel still on /boot, though, ignoring all glorious progress of the years between.


Ubuntu 18.04 Stuck at Shutdown/Reboot. Possible issue with graphics card

I got the very simimlar issue. After a new installation of ubuntu 18.04.2 on my laptop, everytime when I try to restart or shutdown the system, it stucks on the shutdown screen with a Ubuntu log like the following screen and I have to press power button to shutdown:

And I solved the problem by switch from Nouveau driver to NVIDIA driver, using Software & Updates App, as following screenshot. The problem disappers after using NVIDIA driver, so I guess there are some potential bugs in Nouveau driver.

And here is my video cards info (the laptop have two video cards, one Intel integrated video card and one NVIDIA card):

$ sudo lshw -c video
# OR
$ sudo lshw -c display
  *-display
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: HD Graphics 620
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
       version: 02
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
       configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
       resources: irq:128 memory:b2000000-b2ffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff ioport:4000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff
  *-display
       description: 3D controller
       product: GP108M [GeForce MX150]
       vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
       version: a1
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
       configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0
       resources: irq:133 memory:b3000000-b3ffffff memory:a0000000-afffffff memory:b0000000-b1ffffff ioport:3000(size=128)

$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001D12sv00001D72sd00001604bc03sc02i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
driver   : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free recommended
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin


If run via cron, the script runs with different permissions (with a different user account) than when you run it from the shell. So it might or might not find your speedtest command; specify the full path for it.
Also, since you create a variable result in the script, you probably want to use the variable, not a plain file result in the current directory (which is probably the root directory when run via cron, and writing there may fail because of permissions). Use >>$result, not >> result.
And finally, I'd simply use a loop and sleep 600 (sleep for 600 seconds) instead of going through the hassle with a crontab which you might forget sooner or later, and then you keep speed-testing forever. ;-)


Did you install Steam and check to see if there is a linux version available?

sudo apt-get install steam

To install and play MS Windows games on Ubuntu (linux), checkout playonlinux.

https://www.playonlinux.com/en/

sudo apt-get install playonlinux

Also, there is a commercial product called Crossover for Linux:

https://www.codeweavers.com/products/crossover-linux/


How to use iBus and m17n for not-shown methods of text entry, such as Sanskrit transliteration (sa-iast)?

The relevant warning was "The owner of /home/jswami/.config/ibus/bus is not jswami!" I must have messed with the file, so that the owner was root. Changing the permissions so that I once again became the owner fixed the problem. (To do this, right-click the filename, click "Properties," choose the "Permissions" tab, and change the Owner.) Now everything works.

Documentation on what to expect when you install m17n is fairly scarce. I was helped by this post: http://netgator.blogspot.com/2010/10/ibus-problem-on-ubuntu-1010-solved.html.

Part of what's helpful is knowing what to expect. Suppose you have installed IBus and m17n. You've clicked on "System Settings" and chosen "Language Support." There, for your "Keyboard input method system," you've chosen "IBus."  Now, also under "System Settings,"  you chose "Text Entry." There, under "Input sources to use," click the plus sign (+). You should see a wide array of choices, many of them with "(m17n) (IBus)" after the language name. If you don't see that, something is wrong (as it was for me).

In troubleshooting, you may find it helpful to use the "System Monitor" program (installed in Ubuntu by default) to make sure that IBus is present under the "Processes" tab. There you should see several IBus processes, such as "ibus-dameon." If you don't, then again something is wrong. IBus hasn't been started.

Despite what you may read in older posts, you shouldn't need to manually set up IBus as a startup application. It should automatically start when you log in.


How to change the default keyboard for gnome?

with the aid of @GunnarHjalmarsson :
Usersettings are stored in:

  ~/.config/dconf/user

for custom user settings
I modified a template user and copied the

  ~/.config/dconf/user

to

  /etc/skel/.config/dconf/user

Now all new users have the settings as defined by the template user, including the keyboard, before the copy of it's

  ~/.config/dconf/user

I consider this a workaround/worksforme


I was able to boot in recovery mode, access the root CLI and from there apt-get install nvidia-prime. Everything worked again on the next reboot.


Automatic mount ext4 hard disk on boot problem

according to this thread, when mounting an ext4 partition via fstab, you cannot use uid=1000,gid=1000, but permissions should be set in the partition's root directory


Ubuntu 18.04 stuck in login loop with missing .Xauthority file

Try updating your graphics card driver.

First, see what driver you need:

ubuntu-drivers devices

Then download the recommended driver for your graphics card. For example, if the recommend driver was nvidia-390:

 sudo apt install nvidia-390


Today, I have also gone through above issue and VirtualBox was saying inaccessible and above message.
In little bit of googling I come across one solution which has resolved my issue.
Steps:
1- Navigate to the folder of vbox which is not found on your machine Like in your case it is C:\Users\absolution\VirtualBox VMs\Ubuntu Linux
2- Just observe the following files.

.vdi file
Ubuntu Linux.vbox-prev
Ubuntu Linux.vbox-temp

Now you can open any of these two .vbox-prev or .vbox-temp file and now go and save as Ubuntu Linux.vbox. While keeping these two files.
3- Now again navigate to VirtualBox and Click on the refresh icon. Now the status will change to Power Off.
4- Click on start and access your virtual machine and enjoy your work.


recover from non-english keyboard layout at boot?

The solution was to boot with installer, "try Ubuntu live", and add a password to the disk which works with hebrew keyboard layout.


The problem is related to https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/systemd/+bug/1835809 ,  solution is to boot from older distro and then upgrade to 19.04


x11vnc

Install X11vnc server on the remote desktop for access to the login screen, or access to an existing session.

Lightdm via VNC

On the remote machine run x11vnc as root (e.g. through a ssh session)

root@remote:# x11vnc -auth /var/lib/lightdm/.Xauthority -display :0

Then on our desktop here view the remote login screen with

vncviewer -via user@remote :0

The remote session started from the login screen will survive after we closed our vncviewer session.

View existing remote desktop

On the remote machine run x11vnc as the user logged in (e.g. through a ssh session where you can log in as the remote user)

user@remote:$ x11vnc -display :0

To export the display :0 for remote viewing.

On our desktop here run the viewer by

vncviewer -via user@remote :0


libssl-dev version dependency conflict with installed libssl1.0.0

Same problem on Ubuntu 16.04

$ apt-cache policy libssl1.0.0
libssl1.0.0:
  Installed: 1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.5
  Candidate: 1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.5
  Version table:
 *** 1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.5 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.1 500
        500 http://mirror.uoregon.edu/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://mirror.uoregon.edu/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages
     1.0.2g-1ubuntu4 500
        500 http://mirror.uoregon.edu/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages

$ apt-cache policy libssl-dev
libssl-dev:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.1
  Version table:
     1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.1 500
        500 http://mirror.uoregon.edu/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://mirror.uoregon.edu/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages
     1.0.2g-1ubuntu4 500
        500 http://mirror.uoregon.edu/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages

So I fixed it with

sudo apt-get install libssl1.0.0=1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.1


How to close a pop-up window that don't want to be closed?

Find the window id with:

$ wmctrl -mlpx

Explanation:

-l     List the windows being managed by the window manager.
       One line is output for each window, with the line broken up into
       space separated columns. The first column always contains
       the window entity as a hexadecimal integer.

Then, terminate the window with:

$ wmctrl -ic <window id>


How do I change the Unity icon color background?

The background colour for each icon is determined by the average colour of the icon so if you use a different icon theme the background colours will change.


Canonical landscape custom graph script needs interpeter

I believe it's asking you for a #!/bin/bash to tell it to run a bash script.

In the terminal, you are already running bash. When you run a command in a terminal it runs a bash command. To run bash commands as a script, you usually include a header that specifies the interpreter.

Use this instead:

#!/bin/bash
netstat -an | grep -c 8105

If that doesn't work, use this instead:

/bin/bash -c netstat -an | grep -c 8105

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang


Installing Ubuntu on Nexus7 does not require rooting the phone.  It does require unlocking the boot loader which will void your warranty as stated on the device when you unlock it.  You can re-lock it later, but unfortunately I don't know if there are any counters that that will be able to use to detect you've tampered with it.

EDIT: chris-wayne who is on my team at Canonical called Google and they stated on the phone that unlocking your bootloader, installing something, then reflashing back to stock and re-locking will NOT void your warranty. We unfortunately don't have this in writing, but it is encouraging to hear.


Eclipse dissapears when minimized and will not come back (12.04 Unity)

Ubuntu uses Bamf Application Matching Framework for matching application. There is an issue when an older version of eclipse is replaced with a new version.

Please check the comment given here on how to fix the bamf.index file to fix the tab issue


Change mount point of virtualbox shared folder

You have to change the "Guest properties" to modify the mount prefix and base directory used for the shared folders.

See https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html#sf_mount_auto
and https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html#guestadd-guestprops

An important note, though:
Both properties detailed in the first link have default values when not set or cleared:
/VirtualBox/GuestAdd/SharedFolders/MountPrefix defaults to sf_ if not set.
Set /VirtualBox/GuestAdd/SharedFolders/MountDir defaults to /media if not set

As a consequence, you have to set MountPrefix to / if you do not want the sf_ prefix, as trying to set it to "" will in fact clear the property and put it back to its default value.


Intel Graphics Installer for Linux ends with an error in Ubuntu 14.04

Open a Terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T. Then Copy and Paste this command in prompt and press Enter:

sudo apt-key adv --recv-key --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com A902DDA375E52366

Then run:

sudo apt-get update


Make Samba Share Accessible Outside of Nautilus

I know this is probably not the most user friendly way, you it's possible to mount a cifs (samba) share thanks to cifs-utils. Here the full process:

# Install the cifs-utils package
apt install cifs-utils

# Create a folder in your home (replace folder by any name you wish)
mkdir $HOME/folder

# Mount the folder (replace again folder and your_user).
sudo mount -t cifs //server/share $HOME/folder -o username=your_user,uid=$(id -u $USER)

  Note: this is not persistent, you may need to do a script if you wish an automount.


ls is risky in scripts and command lines. One problem is what is described in a comment by @PerlDuck, ANSI escape sequences for colour output. I would recommend another approach with find

Create test files

touch 'output-0 11.42.30 AM.png' 'output-0 5.10.12 PM.png' asdf.png

Check that the findcommand line finds the files that you expect it to find

find . -type f -iname "*[ap]m*.png"

and do it

find . -type f -iname "*[ap]m*.png" -delete

If you don't want to search into subdirectories, add -maxdepth 1

find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -iname "*[ap]m*.png" -delete

Check the result

ls

Files with am, pm, AM, PM in the name should be deleted but asdf.png is not deleted.


Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 wireless not working on lenovo with 14.04.3

Please try:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/backports/2015/11/20/backports-20151120.tar.gz
tar -zxvf backports-20151120.tar.gz
cd backports-20151120
make defconfig-ath10k
make
sudo make install

Reboot and tell us if it's working.


unknown problem upgrading Ubuntu 14.04 to 16.04

The system is locked up

This is verified by hour without a terminal update and no hard disk activity.  You are monitoring the terminal.

There's nothing you can do except recycle the system.

Perform the reboot in this order, to have the safest shutdown:

First hit ctrl+alt+del and follow the prompts.
If that fails, tap the power switch and follow the safe shutdown prompts.
If that fails, hold the power switch pressed until the system shuts down.

I have experienced similar occasions where the upgrade didn't continue.  Restarting the system, I was able to pickup where it left off by cycling thought these commands until it was fully upgraded:

$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt dist-upgrade

After cycling a few time I had a fully upgraded system, eventually with no errors.


Check whether you have any other application running in the background eating up all your bandwidth.
Install nethogs:

  sudo apt-get install nethogs

. Then open terminal, type -

  sudo nethogs

This will bring up a list from where you can identify which program is using maximum internet. Kill the process which is using the max bandwidth.

Still if everything is fine and if you are using an external LAN card then it might be a driver problem.

Install "firestarter", if you want to monitor which ports are being used or to check whether someone is hacking into your system. Check whether you have "Transmission" downloading any torrent files or not.


associating files with same MIME but different file extensions to differentt applications

I strove to make Firefox ⟷ maff association only for one user (me). So I didn't touch files under /etc.

I did the following:

Restore correct association between ZIP-files and archive manager (I did it within default file manager Nemo).
Create definition of MIME type. In my case I created firefox-maff-my.xml file in ~/.local/share/mime/packages directory with the content provided below:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<mime-info xmlns="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info">
  <mime-type type="application/maff">
         <comment>Mozilla Archive Format</comment>
         <glob pattern="*.maff"/>
  </mime-type>
</mime-info>

Update MIME database

update-mime-database ~/.local/share/mime/

Edit ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list.
Add

application/maff=firefox.desktop

line right under [Default Applications].
Log out, then log in.

In case of doubts you can make backup of each involved file before editing it. If something will go wrong you can revert everything you did (just restore original files, remove firefox-maff-my.xml and run update-mime-database ~/.local/share/mime/ again).

I've faced similar issue in Linux Mint 17.1 Cinnamon. Perhaps this also will work for GNOME (because both follow freedesktop.org).


Since grunt comes from npm, and since npm gets grunt from online, you won't be able to use grunt in a Launchpad build. You can either copy grunt and all of its dependencies into your package (which is likely to make your package cumbersome), or use something else that does the equivalent functionality, like the libcss-minifier-perl and libjavascript-minifier-perl packages, which use Perl.


How to make samba to ask password on every access?

You are using Windows clients, aren't you?

Well, I don't think it's a matter of persistent connections, I think it's rather a matter of cached credentials on clients. And to avoid this, you'll have to tweak your clients. Quoting directly from this page:

  Samba does not control client-side password caching.

  Caching of domain logon credentials is a client-side activity. There
  are  registry settings on the Windows 2000 Professional and Windows XP
  Profesional  clients that control logon credential caching.

  Click Start >Run >type gpedit.msc
  Check Computer Configuration\Windows Settings\Security Settings\Local  Policies\Security Options
  Check "Interactive Logon: Number of Previous Logins To Cache" (if value is  set to 0 then cached credentials is disabled)

  Also check....
  - Computer Configuration\Administrative Templates\System\Logon
  - Check "Always wait for the network at computer startup and logon" (make sure  that this is either not configured or disabled)

  If you are however using winbind, you may also want to turn off
  winbind offline logon by adding to your smb.conf:

  winbind offline logon = false

EDIT:

I've also found this interesting question. You could try to put a few:

net use \\yourserver\oneofyourshares /delete

into your user's autostart on the clients, so that credential are deleted whenever any user performs a login. Take also a look to this answer. It seems that it's possible to stop Windows caching credentials on a per-share basis in this way:

net use \\a.b.c.d\sharename /user:domain\otheruser /persistent:no

But probably for your task it's sufficient something like:

net use \\yourserver\yourshare /persistent:no

or even:

net use /persistent:no

Find the one that best suits your needs and try to put it into autostart (or in the registry run entries).


The problem seems to have been the USB cable I was using. After replacing the oldest USB cable, the rebuild sped up to 13000K/sec.


How to identify whether an app is a snap or a flatpak or a native app on my computer?

GNOME Software does indeed tell you if something is a deb, snap or flatpak. If you click on an application and then scroll down past the screenshots you'll see the origin of the software was either from the Ubuntu archive, snapstore or flathub.


ASUS X99 Deluxe Bluetooth - Ubuntu 14.04

Try this

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic git
mkdir ~/LINUX_SOURCE
cd ~/LINUX_SOURCE
sudo apt-get build-dep linux-image-$(uname -r)
apt-get source linux-image-$(uname -r)
cd linux-3.13.0/drivers/bluetooth/
cp /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/Module.symvers Module.symvers
cp /boot/config-$(uname -r) .config

Then gedit btusb.c and go to line 122, it should look like

/*Broadcom devices with vendor specific id */
{ USB_VENDOR_AND_INTERFACE_INFO(0x0a5c, 0xff, 0x01, 0x01), .driver_info = BTUSB_BCM_PATCHRAM },

and add

/* ASUSTek Computer - Broadcom based */
{ USB_VENDOR_AND_INTERFACE_INFO(0x0b05, 0xff, 0x01, 0x01),
  .driver_info = BTUSB_BCM_PATCHRAM },

Make sure the spacing is correct, compare to other entries, then save and exit gedit, then you can

sudo modprobe -r btusb && sudo mv /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/bluetooth/btusb.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/bluetooth/btusb.ko.bak
sudo cp btusb.ko  /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/bluetooth/

cd ~
git clone git://github.com/jessesung/hex2hcd.git
cd hex2hcd
make

then download this to the hex2hcd folder in home https://www.dropbox.com/s/l15adb8rx2c7kid/BCM20702A1_001.002.014.1443.1612.hex?dl=0
then hex2hcd BCM20702A1_001.002.014.1443.1612.hex fw-0b05_180a.hcd
and sudo cp fw-0b05_180a.hcd /lib/firmware/brcm/fw-0b05_180a.hcd
Reboot and see if btusb is loaded lsmod | grep btusb if it is loaded you should see a result in terminal, if it isn't loaded sudo modprobe btusb and see if it is working and the hcd file might need to be copied to another location also

sudo cp fw-0b05_180a.hcd /lib/firmware/fw-0b05_180a.hcd


New to Linux - Blank screen after attempting to update lubuntu

SOLVED: I actually found out that my Lenovo laptop has a NOVO button to enter the BIOS. I took apart most of the laptop when discovering this. I was playing around with the motherboard so the battery and clock battery was unplugged. I solved this issue by disabling secure boot in BIOS security tab. Lubuntu started right up.


I had the same problem installing Ubuntu 12.04 alongside Windows 7. In my case it was not the CD. I tried to install with several versions of Ubuntu and using USB or CD.

In my case the problem was fixed when I deleted the partition I made in windows prior to installation of Ubuntu. I don't know what was wrong but I just deleted it and allowed Ubuntu do it's own partition at the moment of installation. Maybe someone will find this useful.


Since you are running Chrome, I infer you are running a Desktop version of Ubuntu and have an unpriv'd user you web browse, run applications, and sudo from for administrative purposes.
What I don't see is a separate user partition mounted on /home to keep user data from running the OS out of disk space. 24G is not all that much for a desktop environment. If the OS has to share it with users, you will eventually run your OS out of disk space - something you want to avoid.  But to the immediate problem...
Let's be sure we know where the problem is.  Please post the results of sudo du -sh /home.  If this is a significant chunk of your 25G, then ...
Use sudo find /home -size +2G to locate big files in your user space.  Keep reducing the size parameter and eliminating any files you can live without.  If you are like most of us, you likely have a few downloaded ISOs lying around. If you are saving significant video or picture files - 25G will not go very far - you'll need another hard drive.
In the event that the /home space is NOT the culprit, you can scan the whole system from the top using sudo du -sk /* 2>/dev/null | sort -nk1.  Find the top space eater and scan it's subfolders eliminating what you can as you go.
Good Luck, Nova


Why is my download speed slow on Ubuntu 11.10?

If you're using wireless it might have something to do with power management. Try this:

sudo iwconfig wlan0 power off

(where wlan0 is the network interface you use)


Vagrant - Connecting to django server from host

I figured it out. The problem was with the port forwarding configuration. I solved it by adding this to the Vagrantfile:

  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 8000, host: 3333

This means I can connect to the server running on port 8000 on the guest machine, by pointing my host machines browser to port 3333. So for example, I run the server on the guest machine like this:

python manage.py 0.0.0.0:8000

Then on my guest machine, I can access it by pointing the browser to here:

127.0.0.1:3333


This works fine for me:

sudo apt-get install apache2 php5 mysql-server libapache2-mod-php5


How to allow LDAP user to change password?

in the slapd.conf write access control rule

access to attrs=userPassword
by self =xw

But you should be aware that specific rules are to be written first and general rule at the end.
for example following rule has to be written at the end.

access to * by * read

for more information visit: http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin24/access-control.html

MORE INFO
slapd.conf is generally located in

/etc/openldap or
/etc/ldap/ or
/usr/local/etc/openldap/ or
/usr/local/etc/ldap/

There are some changes in newer versions of ldap where slapd.conf is supported but by default the data is stored in slapd.d directory. if you put your custom slapd.conf there, the process will read slapd.conf instead of slapd.d directory

Things to notice

sometimes slapd.conf is present in both local as well as global path try changing both
delete slapd.d direcotry as it is default to make slapd.conf work


How do I Backup my genuine Ubuntu Linux and move to windows 10?

It does not work like that.

You install an operating system from the installation media that the provider of that operating system hands out.

For Ubuntu: you download an ISO, burn the ISO and then boot from the ISO.
For Windows: generally you need to lease a license key. If you have one (you can have one stored in your BIOS; if so Windows picks it up by itself probably) you can legally download Windows from any location (even a location not from Microsoft), burn the ISO, boot from the ISO and insert your key when asked.   If you do not own a license key for -that- system (and yes you need 1 key per installation) you need to lease a license key from a Windows reseller (ie. by buying a copy of Windows you basically lease a license).

Regarding the backup: ONLY personal files are worth backing up. The normal system files you restore by installing a new Ubuntu.


When you log into the GUI (with kernel version 3.5), type ctrl+alt+T to open a terminal, then run:

uname -r

if the result of this command contains the 3.8.something numbering, edit your question to include its output.

Otherwise run

sudo apt-get remove linux-image-3.8.* linux-headers-3.8.*

followed by

sudo apt-get autoremove

Restart your computer. Edit your question if you cannot log into the GUI or have found any other problem with this procedure. Otherwise, open a terminal again and run

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

then restart again and see if it worked.


The problem here is that your definition of password access is inside the section for <VirtualHost *:80>.

This section only applies to things served over http. Effectively you have two sites; one http and one https site. They may be served out of the same folder, but from apache's view they're two distinct sites, with their own settings.

The solution is to add the <Directory "/var/www/html/privat/">-definition to the https sites configuration.


HDMI Sound output dissapearing after first use

Does killing pulseaudio help? killall pulseaudio


How do I free disk space allocated to virtual box after uninstallint it?

If you have removed the Virtual Box application you need to manually delete the .vdi files that are stored in the location you defined in Preferences -> General -> Default Machine Folder either with your file manager or from the command line


Please install the "ttf-ancient-fonts" package.

You can do this in your terminal with sudo apt-get install ttf-ancient-fonts

After that you will be able to test this in python:

$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Feb 27 2014, 19:58:35)
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print u"\U0001F648"

Also, you will see this mokey here in this page.

Have fun!

Reference: http://dreamerc.blogspot.tw/2013/10/the-fates-and-monkeys.html


How do i run a perl script (possible missing dependencies)

You need Perl interface to Gtk2, it should exist as libgtk2-perl.


Why there is no need to give path as in windows to reffer other application from one package

In Windows, different applications keep all their files, including the executable files in their own folders. In Linux, the norm is that all applications use the standard folders instead (/bin, or /usr/bin for executables, /lib, or /usr/lib for libraries, etc.). Since the standard binary folders are all in the default PATH, you usually don't need to add application-specific folders to the PATH  manually.

However, if you install an application to a nonstandard location, then you'll need to add that location to the PATH manually.

Further reading:

How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout?


Ubuntu randomly started blinking the screen on boot

Uninstall the Windows driver that allows you to read/write to Ubuntu EXT4 partitions.
To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

Update #1:

boot to the GRUB menu
select Ubuntu
hit the e key
use arrow keys to move
find the line that has "quiet splash"
add nomodeset, so "quiet splash nomodeset"
hit F10 to exit and continue boot
see if it flickers


Resizable screen mode for VirtualBox behaves strange with Ubuntu as guest

Virtual Box Scaled Mode (Host+C)
Virtual Box has the option to run in "scaled" mode. This means that any screen size will be enlarged or reduced by the same factor as the host windows size changes. The scaling also effects desktop elemets that may be rendered distorted then:

Virtual Box Non-Scaled Mode (Host+A)
When Guest Additions are installed (see this answer), and only then, we are also able to fit the guest desktop to an altered host windows size. Desktop elements will then be rendered correctly to fit into the virtual desktop size.

Pressing the key commands switches the given feature on or off.


Errors occured when doing cmake in ubuntu

You need to install the development libraries:

To solve this: -- Could NOT find Doxygen (missing:  DOXYGEN_EXECUTABLE), execute:

sudo apt-get install doxygen

To solve this: PolarSSL not found, execute:

sudo apt-get install libpolarssl-dev

To solve this: --   package 'libnl-tiny' not found and --   package 'libnl-genl-3.0' not found, execute:

sudo apt-get install libnl-utils

After that, clean the source folder:

cd ~/oomf
make clean

And start cmake  again:

cd build
cmake ..


Trouble running Simplenote 1.0 client for Linux from Automattic

I suspect you've installed the package on a 32bit Ubuntu installation. Even though the Simplenote website or the deb filename don't mention this, the deb is only available for 64bit.


How do I get my computer to boot directly to Ubuntu

Use  grubcustomizer https://launchpad.net/grub-customizer it has nice user interface. You can edit there boot order.


How can I stop losing my info each time I switch of Ubuntu from my usb stick

If you would like to keep using your USB flash drive and not install ubuntu permanently, and also wish to make changes permanent - you'll need to create something called persistent storage.
This will make your live boot load a swap partition every time you boot it.

Here is a documented ubuntu guide of how to do so from ubuntu OS:
LiveUsbPendrivePersistent

Here is a method of doing so using Rufus from Windows OS: Rufus: Creating A Persistent Storage Live USB With Ubuntu Or Debian From Windows

And here is a quick video with brief explanation: How to create a live USB drive with persistent storage in Ubuntu
The video demonstrates the basic usage of mkusb app. You might not need to add a ppa repository.

Or as suggested - install the OS for good.


it should work

just open the ubuntu software Center, type the application name (if the app have installed succesfully it should displayed) and left click the app.. then click the "remove" button... done.
from terminal (ctrl+alt+T) type :

sudo apt-get remove

hit enter and type your password, if it ask "Do you want to continue [Y/n]? " type "Y"
wait till finished..

for the indicator netspeed u can use this http://www.webupd8.org/2014/04/indicator-netspeed-displays-network.html

Hope its works and sorry for my bad english... :-)


00:17.0 RAID bus controller: Intel Corporation SATA Controller [RAID mode] (rev 31)
    Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. SATA Controller [RAID mode]
    Kernel driver in use: ahci
    Kernel modules: ahci

[    9.805918] ahci 0000:00:17.0: Found 2 remapped NVMe devices.
[    9.805918] ahci 0000:00:17.0: Switch your BIOS from RAID to AHCI mode to use them.

dmesg has given you the solution. For whatever reason, the kernel requires the SATA controller to be in AHCI mode instead of RAID mode to allow you to use the two NVMe drives. So changing the mode in BIOS/UEFI settings should do.

Edit: apparently in some machines, the RAID mode is hardcoded and the user cannot make changes to that in the BIOS/UEFI settings. In that case, it is impossible (as of today, at least) to use the NVMe drives in Linux:

https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/aecec8b60422118b52e3347430ba9382e57d6d76

Also see replies in this thread for more details:

http://marc.info/?l=linux-ide&m=147709610621480&w=2

Your only chance will be to see if the vendor provides firmware update that allows you to change the mode to AHCI. You may also try request alternative firmware build by seeking technical support directly from the vendor, though you are likely to be out of luck on that.


How do i remove GNOME from ubuntu 13.04?

It depends on which particular packages you installed, but with Synaptic you should be able to remove them all. Open it and select "Installed", then use the filter to search for the genome packages. Select all of them (you can confirm you have the correct set in this list), right click and select "Mark for removal", finally click "Apply".


fdisk -l shows my drive as /dev/sdb not /dev/sdb1

The disk is /dev/sdb and the partitions, when created, on the disk will be /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdb2 and so on. So until you create partition with gparted, parted, fdisk of other tool, you will only have /dev/sdb.


Cannot access trash folder in fresh install!

Although I'm on a Debian distro, this should work for Ubuntu as well: (re)install gvfs-backends, log out and in and you should be fine. For some users installing gvfs-fuse worked. Be sure to have all appropriate users in the fuse group.


What you can do is to get Boot-repair on your linux live cd, and install grub using that. Then you can either work with that, or login to windows and redo your EasyBCD setup.


Ubuntu 17.10 Hybrid Graphics Support on Gnome 3.26

I've been trying to figure out this same problem. Saw this bug, seems like we need to use switcheroo-control:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nvidia-prime/+bug/1670379

Run sudo apt install switcheroo-control and reboot. The UI option should show up now.

As far as testing that this actually worked, I came across a command found in this thread which should show a dialogue of whether your graphics cards are in use or not:

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1764765

sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch

When i'm not using NVidia:

0:IGD:+:Pwr:0000:00:02.0
1:DIS: :DynOff:0000:01:00.0

When I am:

0:IGD:+:Pwr:0000:00:02.0
1:DIS: :DynPwr:0000:01:00.0


League of Legends no longer available at Playonlinux?

Because the script is outdated and probably wont work , but there is a beta script for it , for more information you can look here.


You should edit only one file to have xfce desktop environment started

if you are the only user needing remote access, you can simply edit (or create) the ~/.xsession file and issue the following following command

either

echo xfce4-session >> ~/.xsession

or if multiple users are using the system, you can edit the /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh and add the following line at the end

echo xfce4-session >> ~/.xsession

This command will automatically populate the .xsession file of all the users

If you are using Ubuntu 14.04 (as mentioned in your question somewhere), you can try to get more information in the step by step guide provided here


How can I install ubuntu-restricted-extras?

Installing the package is easy

Go to https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats

click on the link "Click here to install the ubuntu-restricted-extras package"

apt:ubuntu-restricted-extras?section=universe?section=multiverse

To manually install, make sure you have enabled universe and multiverse

How do I enable the "Universe" repository?


Trying to sync live data to a backup server

For your MySQL databases, you must first dump the data using mysqldump, transfer the dump and then insert it into the backup system (mysql << my_dump)
Alternatively, you could use replication (see: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/replication.html) but I guess it would be overkill in your case.


ssh-keygen -lf doesn't work in 16.04 LTS

It looks like the default output has changed, and the default fingerprint hash upgraded to SHA256.

To get an output in MD5 format, use the -E switch:

$ ssh-keygen -l -E md5 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
2048 MD5:c5:28:29:b9:44:d7:b1:4c:72:6f:3f:d2:fd:69:11:49 no comment (RSA)


Is there a file manager that can serially number files and subfolders in the currently viewed directory?

Ranger can do that. Ranger is a VIM-inspired file manager for the console available in the universe repository of all currently supported versions of Ubuntu. The GitHub page is here.

This answer is not meant to describe how to use Ranger but specifically to indicate that numbering files and folders is possible using Ranger.

Users can edit ~/.config/ranger/rc.conf to change the default setting of

# Disable displaying line numbers in main column
set line_numbers false

to

# Disable displaying line numbers in main column
set line_numbers absolute

With set line_numbers absolute, a user can jump to specific a entry in the main (middle) by typing Ngg where N is the line number to the left of the file or folder name.

The following images, of Ranger in Ubuntu 19.04, shows line numbering in effect in the main (middle) column for the home folder and for /etc.

Home folder

/etc


problem in coexistence of wifi and bluetooth at a time

Try this

sudo modprobe -r rtl8723be
sudo modprobe rtl8723be ant_sel=2

If your problem fixed then add this change permenently by

echo "options rtl8723be fwlps=0 ant_sel=2" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf

For more details