Sound Channel map incorrect on an ION 330 ASRock

I have an ASRock ION 330 with 12.04 LTS.

I'm not engineer, so may this maybe incorrect, but channel map  works perfectly in my ASRock ION 330.

If you output sound on HDMI, open extra-hdmi.conf by running this in the terminal:

gksu gedit /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/profile-sets/extra-hdmi.conf

edit

[Mapping hdmi-surround]
...
channel-map = front-left,front-right,rear-left,rear-right,front-center,lfe
...

to

[Mapping hdmi-surround]
...
channel-map = front-left,front-right,front-center,lfe,rear-left,rear-right
...

and edit [Mapping hdmi-surround-extra1], [Mapping hdmi-surround-extra2], [Mapping hdmi-surround-extra] in the same way.

Save the file, then run

pulseaudio -k

to apply the changes.

In Sound configuration, choose "Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI)".


How to perform a rake task after startup?

Add something like

if [ "$(id -nu)" != 'your_user' ]; then
  exec sudo -u 'your_user' $0
fi

at the beginning of the script.


Boot script issue after formatting computer

The solution is simple, go to your boot menu when starting your computer and change the option to Legacy Boot. This should fix the problem. This occurs while using Ubuntu also.


How do I update the firmware on an Intel X25M?

Intel provides the download in an ISO format.

  Intel® SATA SSD Firmware Update Tool [ 011102M388208850.ISO ] - Bootable ISO image Intel® SATA SSD Firmware Update Tool; this is the recommended method to update the firmware on systems running Windows*, Linux* and Mac* operating systems. It requires a blank CD, CD burning software, and a read/writeable CD-ROM drive.

Their instructions and the website only mention Windows and OSX, on the front page but it works in Ubuntu. Just download the ISO, right click on it, and select "Burn to disc", and then boot off the CD.

I updated my 40GB X25-M this way.


Music player with 'searchable' media library ?

GMusicbrowser has the ability to "mimic" different audioplayers, like for example iTunes-Style library search. It's pretty lightweight too and does not lag so much like Banshee.


How can I get a part of text file by terminal

You can use sed:

sed -n 607366,700000p server.log > outputFile.txt

If you want to use head and tail, this is the right way:

head -n 700000 server.log | tail -n $(echo 700000-607366+1 | bc) > outputFile.txt

or, shorter:

head -n 700000 server.log | tail -n 92635 > outputFile.txt


Before doing complex stuff, try just disabling "Watch my library" and crossfade in preferences. These are the most complex tasks Rhythmbox can do.


Is it safe to send back a faulty hard disk that contains personal data?

Only you will know the value that can be placed on the data stored on the failed HD if a third party were to have access to it.
Hard Disks are not generally expensive these days. Personally, I would tend to the view that shredding the disk if you have access to it from a live USB would be the best option and replace it either with the same marque or maybe upgrade to an SSD. Other than that, bash it with a heavy hammer and write it off to experience.


list of pattern to be removed from the file

You want to use awk to read  file1 and remember all its words. Then read  file2 and output any words that were not seen from  file1:

gawk -v RS='[[:space:]]+' 'NR==FNR {words[$1]=1; next} !($1 in words)' file1 file2

That uses any sequence of whitespace as the record separator, so every word is treated as a separate "line". This now GNU awk specific, but that's the default awk on Ubuntu


Does Ubuntu One have a file size or type limit?

I'm not sure what's wrong, but according to the Ubuntu One FAQ:

What is the largest size file I can sync with Ubuntu One?

  5 TB is currently the largest size file you can sync with Ubuntu One.


error: value "5.1.2" for key "Version" in group "Desktop Entry" is not a known version

The Version entry in a .desktop file doesn't refer to the version of the target program. It's the version of the desktop file specification that this desktop file conforms to. As explained in the Freedesktop.org specification (emphasis mine):

  Version of the Desktop Entry Specification that the desktop entry conforms with. Entries that confirm with this version of the specification should use 1.0. Note that the version field is not required to be present.

So, most importantly, you can just remove the version entry, it isn't needed. If you really want it though, it will have to be a valid desktop specification version like 1.0.


Terminal line command to erase any old installation files

You've done everything correctly.
The command
sudo apt autoremove

from first two comments will remove any libs or packages installed no longer deemed necessary (by dependency rules unless you manually installed them), and sudo apt autoclean will cause any remaining downloaded packages to be removed if they exist. I'm not aware of anything else sorry.
---  reword due to another question
I'm less familiar with Ubuntu Studio, so I'll use an example I'm more familiar with.
If you had Lubuntu 18.04 LTS desktop installed, the editor installed was leafpad as it fits the LXDE (GTK2) desktop. On upgrade to 20.04, Lubuntu switched to LXQt (Qt5), so the editor now used is featherpad.
Users who used a default install before upgrade used lubuntu-desktop causing the new featherpad to be installed, and the leafpad package becoming an orphan (it wasn't installed by user, but to meet dependency requirement of lubuntu-desktop on bionic).  It's these packages apt autoremove will remove.
So unless the user at some time whilst on 18.04 sudo apt install leafpad, getting a warning/error that the package was already installed, but also flipping the package from installed to meet dependency to manually/user installed, the package will be removed. Packages users installed (via command, package tool even GUI front end) will be untouched by the autoremove & aren't seen as depreciated/useless by the system, because the user specifically installed them (even in error).
FYI:  This Lubuntu example is something that will occur in the future for Ubuntu Studio, as Ubuntu Studio 20.04 LTS was the last release to use XFCE by default, all future releases use a reduced KDE desktop.


How to use GRUB2 to boot system rescue CD iso saved on unmounted partation at hard drive?

The fact that you had previously mounted this partition in /mnt doesn't matter and grub doesn't have any idea about that.  The file name within that partition is just /ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso, so you just need to drop the /mnt prefix.


Ardour5 (or Ardour6) do not display any GUI windows

On the working account, ardour attempted to open the file $HOME/.gtkrc-2.0 and then tried a bunch of $HOME/.gtk-2.0/* things. These all failed, then ardour continued on...
On the failing acount .gtkrc-2.0 was able to be opened. It never moved on from there.
To make things align I took the fairly hammer approach of:
rm -rf $HOME/.gtk*

ardour5 and ardour6 startup fine after that.


Lenovo Ideapad 3 15IIL05 Touchpad problems

To solve touchpad issues I have come acress multiple forums that suggested to write something different in /etc/default/grub and then run sudo update-grub
Currently I have edited it to be this:
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash snd_hda_intel.dmic_detect=0 i8042.nopnp=1 pci=nocrs"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="initcall_blacklist=elants_i2c_driver_init"

since I tried many configurations from this forum and this forum, yet I do not manage to get it to work.
This is my output for xinput
$ xinput
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Avago USB LaserStream(TM) Mouse           id=10   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ MSFT0001:01 06CB:CE2D Mouse               id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ MSFT0001:01 06CB:CE2D Touchpad            id=12   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Ideapad extra buttons                     id=13   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard              id=14   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Integrated Camera: Integrated C           id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]

And now for some reason my touchpad works for the first time so I share with you guys this grub file that worked for me.


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS swap partition on ACER Aspire 5720

0 bytes is the perfect swap size - that is do not create a swap partition and do not bother with swap at all. If you ever find this is indeed a problem (I never have), then create a swap file - with a swap file it is easy to experiment with the right size (half of your RAM size to start with and then up to 2 times that).


"failed to retrieve share list from server: No Such File or directory" while trying to access windows shares

Well, first install samba smb from package manager.
And open nautilus, choose connect to server from files. In the box that'll sow up, write your Windows machine IP in Server box, choose any port (21 by default) and from the drop down list that is Public FTP by default, choose Windows Share, some other input boxes will show up, but don't mind them and don't change anything, just press connect and there you have it.


Pulseaudio card-profile for Focusrite Scarlett 18i8

Yes you can create a pulseaudio profile to get the Focusrite 18i8 working in stereo.

Create the file /lib/udev/rules.d/91-pulseaudio.rules:

SUBSYSTEM!="sound", GOTO="pulseaudio1_end"
ACTION!="change", GOTO="pulseaudio1_end"
KERNEL!="card*", GOTO="pulseaudio1_end"

SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="1235", ATTRS{idProduct}=="8014", ENV{PULSE_PROFILE_SET}="focusrite-18i8.conf"

LABEL="pulseaudio1_end"

And create the file /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/profile-sets/focusrite-18i8.conf:

[General]
auto-profiles = no

[Mapping analog-out]
description = Analog Outputs
device-strings = hw:%f
channel-map = left,right,aux0,aux1,aux2,aux3,aux4,aux5
direction = output

[Mapping analog-in]
description = Analog Inputs
device-strings = hw:%f
channel-map = left,right,aux0,aux1,aux2,aux3,aux4,aux5,aux6,aux7,aux8,aux9,aux10,aux11,aux12,aux13,aux14,aux15
direction = input

[Profile output:analog-out+input:analog-in]
description = Analog Stereo
output-mappings = analog-out
input-mappings = analog-in

Then either restart the machine or run the commands:

sudo udevadm trigger -ssound

pulseaudio -k

In response to @Sneetsher: The Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 now seems to work well with Linux 3.19 and newer.  The internal mixer can be configured with alsamixer and the settings can be saved using sudo alsactl store.  It is also possible to change other settings (such as the impedance of the inputs between instrument (Hi-Z) and line level, or to switch the inputs' pad between 0 and -10dB) using alsamixer.


printer driver for konica minolta pagepro 1490mf

The linux printer driver for your printer can be downloaded from the vendors website i.e. choose from the operating system drop-down list "linux"

Open the zip file using Archive Manager.

If you navigate through the extracted files you'll see some Ubuntu installation instructions.


Ubuntu can't detect wifi, even after reinstalling the driver (BCM43142)

I repaired it setting my WiFi fixed on channel 7, now ubuntu detects it with ease again. It Was auto-set on channel 11. I'm curious why BCM can't detect it on channels higher than 10.


Screen split oddly when OS is installed from a Live CD

Please see this bug report about freezing. I ended up doing a kernel change to fix my system.


Actually buried in the INSTALL file it says autoconf creates the config file.  In the README it's more explicit:
The usual sequence of steps should succeed in building and installing CUnit:
aclocal

(if necessary)
autoconf

(if necessary)
automake

(if necessary)
chmod u+x configure

(if necessary)
./configure --prefix <Your choice of directory for installation>
make
make install


how to change the cloud archive mirror in juju?

it sounds like you may be able to get around this issue by configuring a proxy for Juju

See in particular the heading on apt-proxy. There is more general information on setting specific options in the general configuration page of the docs


Why was my app rejected with "(REJECT) reserved policy group 'debug': not for production use"?

Rejected because you uploaded a debug build of your app. Debug builds are made to test your app on devices and emulators; to upload to the store, you need to create a release build. The Publish tab in Ubuntu SDK lets you create a release build click package; increase your version number and then create a release build click package from the Publish tab and then upload it to successfully publish to the store.

This is probably because you uploaded the run-on-the-emulator click package, rather than using the Publish tab in Ubuntu SDK to make a proper release build and uploading that.


Calibre is a great ebook management tool. You can install it using -

sudo apt-get install calibre

  Calibre manages your e-book collection for you. It is designed around
  the concept of the logical book, i.e., a single entry in your library
  that may correspond to actual e-book files in several formats.

  Calibre can sort the books in your library by: Title, Author, Date
  added, Date published, Size, Rating, Series, etc.

  In addition, it supports extra searchable metadata:

Tags: A flexible system for categorizing your collection however you like
Comments: A long form entry that you can use for book description, notes, reviews, etc.

  You can easily search your book collection for a particular book.
  calibre supports searching any and all of the fields mentioned above.
  You can construct advanced search queries by clicking the helpful
  "Advanced search" button to the left of the search bar.

  You can export arbitrary subsets of your collection to your hard disk
  arranged in a fully customizable folder structure.

  Finally, calibre will even go out onto the internet to find book
  metadata based on existing title/author or ISBN information. It can
  download various types of metadata and covers for your books,
  automatically. The metadata system is written using plugins so that
  different types of metadata sources can be supported in the future.

You can have a look at the other features here.


Why is Skype not available from Australian software repository?

I guess the answer is simply that I was pointing at some deprecated repositories. Check under 'Software Sources' in the Software Centre and untick all but the 'main' repository options on the 'Ubuntu Software' tab, removing any 'partner' repositories on the 'Other Software' tab. Be sure to let the Software Centre do its update (or run sudo apt-get update) and the list should now be correct and include Skype.

Use the list of mirrors at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/AustralianTeam/LocalAptMirrors if you have lost your original repository URL.


Ubuntu 14.04 is not recognizing Red Hat 6 Enterprise Linux to do Dual Boot

So, below is what I did:
I used Live Ubuntu and fired up gparted and created two partitions:
sda1    ext4    Ubuntu (with boot flag)
sda2    fat32   Red Hat

Next, I used the RHEL Boot CD, and it first asked,

What type of devices will your installation involve?

I choose the first one, “Basic Storage Device”. It then asked

Which type of installation would you like

I think I clicked on “Create Custom Layout”.  I do remember not choosing, “Use Free Space” nor “Shrink Current System”. Regardless, the option I choose automatically checked off a checkbox at the button: see screenshot below:

Herein under Hard Drives I choose sda2 and clicked next.  I got this error: see screenshot below:

I then clicked on sda2 and clicked ‘edit’.  I basically set the mount point to: / and file type ext4: see screenshot below:

It then asked me if I was sure to write to disk and I hit “yes”.
Now, the next part is crucial in making the whole thing work.

I was then asked about the bootloader.  Since RHEL’s GRUB was 0.97 and was not recognizing Ubuntu after I installed it previously, I choose to not install a bootloader.
After clicking next and finishing up, it asked to reboot and it did not boot RHEL.  It took me to a grub rescue screen.  (its fine).
I then rebooted the PC and used the 14.04 Live Ubuntu USB.  Ubuntu then asked that it found another Operating System and if I would like to have both.  I choose “yes” and continued the process.

Finally, when I did a reboot GRUB2 appeared and had both OS.


What should I have on my PC after overwriting Windows?

What should I install, driver wise?

Ideally nothing. Ubuntu will have picked all the open source drivers it can find for you. You can install a 3rd party driver though, open up dash and search for "additional drivers". It will list all the not open source drivers available.

  Adobe Flash, DirectX, e.t.c ?

DX is Microsoft. We use OpenGL (and you will already have that installed).
Flash is nowadays an issue within the browsers. The HTML5 browsers should not require it.

  Will I still be able to play games as I did with my Windows, like, I am assuming yes, because the actual graphics driver / card, and I/O connectors (audio, and all that stuff) is actually on the motherboard of this laptop, but I want to be sure.

No. Anything related to DX does not work on Ubuntu.  There are games for Linux based on OpenGL that work natively, like Planescape: Torment, Baldur's Gate, Neverwinter Nights. And a few more.  WINE (an attempt to be able to run windows software on linux) is a method playing games in Linux.

There is also Steam for Linux (about 25*219, roughly 5400 games). In my opinion very good. You could still use a dual boot to play your windows games.

  Last but not least, which virus scanner should I use on here?

I have lived without one for all my Linux experience. So can you.

  What are some programs that is a must have

That highly depends on you but lucky for you it is all free. So use Ubuntu software center to have a browse. Besides what is installed by default I use SMPlayer (for video) and Shutter (for taking screenshots).

  tar -zxvf

Ignore anything on the web that is not offered through the official channels (stick to Ubuntu software center and if really needed PPA's from Launchpad).  If you do go outside them investigate the owner of that download. Don't be a Windows user on Linux ;)


Google Chrome CSE Custom Search Engine after installing updates

https://superuser.com/questions/643641/how-to-revert-to-default-google-search-from-google-com-cse

I've found the answer at last..

do this in terminal

locate chrome.json

it will return a path

sudo nano [the path]

in my condition, it will return /etc/chromium-browser/policies/managed/chrome.json

then, change the content with this

{
  "DefaultSearchProviderEnabled": true,
  "DefaultSearchProviderInstantURL": "http://www.google.com/search?q={searchTerms}",
  "DefaultSearchProviderKeyword": "google.com",
  "DefaultSearchProviderName": "Google",
  "DefaultSearchProviderSearchURL": "http://www.google.com/search?q={searchTerms}",
  "DefaultSearchProviderSuggestURL": "http://www.google.com/search?q={searchTerms}"
}


Ubuntu 16.04.1 Released: Do I have to upgrade my system and if so how?

To upgrade from 16.04 to 16.04.1:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

To upgrade from 14.04.x to 16.04.1:

Step 1: Back up your current system. "Dirty" upgrades from one release to another don't always go as planned, so you should make sure that you've backed up any data you don't want to lose.

Step 2: Update your current system with sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade.

Step 3: Make sure you have the update-manager-core package installed: sudo apt install update-manager-core

Step 4: Upgrade to the current release: sudo do-release-upgrade

Source

All that being said, I would recommend a "clean" install of 16.04.1 instead, especially since the transition from 14.04 to 16.04 involves going from SysVInit to systemd.


NetworkManager connects to random network

Having several wireless SSIDs with the same name is fairly common in University dorms and other living arrangements where wifi is provided as part of the rent or lease. The first step I suggest is to check here from the terminal:

ls /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/

You will see connection information for many previous networks; for example:

  GBR1   USRP CMC-guest MAHB motel-guest

You may remove any that you are certain you will not be using in the future:

sudo rm -rf /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/MAHB

Next, if you have two wireless access points with the same name, I suggest you bind to the preferred network as in this answer: Ubuntu connect drops. Worked for a while then started dropping again

For the connections that you want to remember but not connect to:

sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/NameOfNetwork

and set autoconnect=true to autoconnect=false


Package available from the security/updates and focal/updates. Edit your /etc/apt/sources.list as follows:
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

Then run:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libproxy1-plugin-gsettings


Question about making EFI bootable USB flash drives

In general it's always a good idea to have a fresh USB drive made bootable. If you simply copy and past, if for any reason a program had written files to the drive it could corrupt your install. Unless you are copying from a stock folder from your desktop.

I use Rufus to create my bootable USB drives. You can chose your format and the program will also format the USB drive for you to ensure a good, clean install. It also creates the files that your computer uses to recognize a bootable device.

Copy and past just leads to issues, it may work, but can break at any time.


Mplayer does not work anymore and I don't know why or what happend

I was having the same problem on 11.10 and here's what solved my problem.

I updated my version installed from the Ubuntu Software Center with the latest build found on the mplayer daily build site (I thought I'd take the risk since it wasn't working anyway).

I added the repository manually in a terminal like this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:motumedia/mplayer-daily

then update the versions available

sudo apt-get update

Then I went to the Update Manager GUI (it's in the same menu as where you can shut down your system and is called "Software Up to Date") and selected all the available updates from this source (mplayer-daily).

After that, mplayer worked fine again for me.

This might not be the best way to install updates, I really don't know because I'm pretty much a newbie to Ubuntu, but at least it worked.

Hope this helps someone.


Tar uncompresses folder, how to change its name?

You can apply a sed command to transform the name. From man tar

 --transform, --xform EXPRESSION
       use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file names

So:

wget -O - https://... |
    tar -xzv --transform 's:^[^/]*:mongo:'

s:^[^/]*:mongo: replaces everything upto the first / with mongo.  You can pipe the file directly to tar (hence I used -O - in wget, and dropped the -f option in tar).

Alternatively, you can prune the first component and extract in a directory of your choice:

mkdir -p mongo && wget -O - https://... |
    tar -xzv --strip-components=1 -C mongo

Where:

 --strip-components=NUMBER
       strip NUMBER leading components from file names on extraction
 -C, --directory DIR
       change to directory DIR


Test this:

Run it:

sudo -i
apt-get update
apt-get install --reinstall aptitude deborphan

aptitude remove '?and(?reverse-depends(lubuntu),?not(?reverse-depends(?exact-name(ubuntu))))'

apt-get dist-upgrade
deborphan
apt-get --purge remove $(deborphan)
deborphan --libdevel
apt-get --purge remove $(deborphan --libdevel)
deborphan --find-config
dpkg --purge $(deborphan --find-config)
apt-get autoremove
apt-get clean
reboot


How to boot Windows 8 from a legacy MBR partition in UEFI mode via GRUB?

Yes, it is possible to boot Windows 8 in UEFI mode, even if you installed it on a legacy partitioned disk (MS-DOS/MBR). Of course you would need a UEFI compatible GRUB installation on another GPT partitioned disk.

In Windows, install a new boot configuration to volume C: by running the following command:

bcdboot C:\Windows /s C: /f uefi

When booted in UEFI mode this will not only create a new boot configuration in C:\EFI\ but also register a new UEFI bootloader in NVRAM. You can remove the entry later with efibootmgr in Ubuntu (for instructions see: How do I remove "Ubuntu" in the bios boot menu? (UEFI)).

Of course you can also choose another location, but this method should be the easiest. For more details on bcdboot see the corresponding Microsoft Technet article.
In Ubuntu, add a custom GRUB menu entry by adding the following lines to /etc/grub.d/40_custom:

menuentry "Windows 8 (BCD-UEFI configuration on system drive /dev/sda2)" --class windows --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ntfs
    insmod search_fs_uuid
    insmod chain

    set root='hd0,msdos2'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos2 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos2  2ACC7043CC700B79
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 2ACC7043CC700B79
    fi

    chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}

Note that you will need to edit the following parameters if your configuration differs:

This entry is configured to boot from the 2nd partition (msdos2) of the 1st hard drive (hd0 or ahci0).
You also need to replace the filesystem UUID (2ACC7043CC700B79) with yours. In this example you could run sudo blkid /dev/sda2 to get the UUID or start GParted.
Reminder: This example deals with a drive that has a legacy partition table. If yours is GPT, then replace msdos with gpt.

Finally run sudo update-grub to generate the new configuration.

Answer moved from https://askubuntu.com/q/377807/40581 as it looked out of place there.


How can I convert (really) old files in Microsoft Paint format (.MSP) to a usable format?

I was able to convert the MSP files with recoil (http://recoil.sourceforge.net/) and didn't even have to leave Ubuntu to do it.  Thanks to Kurt Fitzner for inspiring me to dig deeper on the web.


Swap partitioned drive not able to access

I had selected a partition (F) for swap area while installing.

To explain this I need to star with a clarification of partitions, filesystems and volumes.

A disk is usually one physical device. *1.

A partition is a piece of that disk.   If you wish you can compare the disk with a book, and the partition with a number of pages (e.g. page 100 till 150).

A filesystem is a way to write information to the disk. E.g. take a number of blank pages, add horizontal lines to write on, add special marking on the first page to contain a title etc etc.

A volume is what is exposed to the user. It is the result of a filesystem on a raw disk (using the whole disk) or on a partition. Your F:\ would be a filesystem, as are C:\ and D:\

You wrote: "I selected a partition (F) for swap area while installing.".

Linux has two ways of using swap:

To a file on a disk.
To a raw partition or a raw disk.

Usually the second option is chosen because it skips the overhead of a filesystem. Briefly said it is simpler and faster. *2

The way I read your post you selected the partition previously available as volume F:\ to be used as a swap partition. Then mkswap was used on it when needed information was paged out from memory to this partition. This overwrites any data which was previously present.

All this means that your old data on F:\ is gone. If you never needed the swap then you might recover it with some programs, but it is ever was used then the data has been overwritten.

To recover F:\ as empty space:

Go to disk management (start, run, diskmgmt.msc).
Change the filesystem on what is now swap (0x83) to something windows recognizes (e.g. to the ID of NTFS).
Reformat.

You now have your old F:\ volume back.

  I have un-installed Ubuntu from (D), but Windows is unable to see or access
  the swap area that is (F). It does not displaying (F) in 'my computer'.

Windows sees the swap partition just fine. However it is not in a format that it can use.

  How do I get that partition (F) back, as it has got some information on it that I need.

To get it back, see the 3 points with diskmanagement.

To get the information back, restore F: using those three option and restore the data which you need from your backup.

  I also read in a forum to use 'manage' option and then delete the partition,
  but, I am unable to do that, as I have got info in that partition (F).

In all likelihood you no longer have that information on that partition.

  Is it possible to remove swap area without losing any info in that partition?

No, because to already wiped that information.

If you have no backups and really need that information then turn off your computer. Remove the disk and take it to someone who can make a raw image if the disk and who can attempt*3 recovery on that.

*1: Usually because I am ignoring external drives with internal HW RAID.

*2: Windows used to do the same. One or more partitions for the OS and one partition for swap. Later they abandoned this in favour of swapping to a file. This is the default C:\pagefile.sys. It is probably a wise marketing choice to do it that way.

*3: Attempt. If you actually used the swap partition then there is nothing to recover.


VNC session very slow in 12.04 compared to older versions

By default 12.04 takes advantage of hardware acceleration. The graphical interface is so on the graphics card instead of on the CPU. This should grant overall better performance and augmented visual effects on decently spec'd desktop/laptop computers.

All that comes to a cost though. Apart from the fact that complex visual effects require more bandwidth, Vino doesn't seem ready for hardware compositing (GPU acceleration) anyway.

If you have a very good connection to the computer (ie. local wired connection), you can try to disable what is called "xdamage". Open the terminal and issue the following command (as standard user, not root):

gsettings set org.gnome.Vino disable-xdamage true

This will force the server to re-send the whole screen at each refresh and not just the changed areas. It is extremely stressful for your network of course.

As an alternative to entering this command in a terminal window, you may use the dconf-editor which can be installed using the Ubuntu Software Center.

If you feel adventurous you may also try to install "CompizConfig Settings Manager" (package compizconfig-settings-manager) and carefully reduce the number of effects (especially those related to windows and menus placement). The fewer the better for VNC.

Otherwise you can try to disable compositing altogether and login into Unity 2d you can follow these instructions, but you are of course disabling 3d effects and HW acceleration.


How do I move a subfolder with contents to a different source folder without copying?

This is completely straightforward.

mv /Main1/Sub2 /Main2

This creates the directory /Main2/Sub2 with all the contents of the original, and deletes the directory /Main1/Sub2. If you don't want to type the full name, you can use a glob; just stop typing the name and end with * when you have entered enough characters to distinguish the directory name from everything else in the directory (be careful!):

mv /Main/Sub* /Main2

Possible problems that could be causing this not to work as expected:

There is already a directory inside /Main2 with the same name as /Main1/Sub2. This causes the error directory not empty, as mv is refusing to overwrite the existing directory. If this is the case, rename (or remove) the existing directory in /Main2 first:

mv /Main2/Sub2 /Main2/SomethingElse

Using an incorrect path. Remember that everything is case sensitive and be aware of relative paths and ~ expansion. These are all different depending on the current working directory

/Main1/Sub2
Main1/Sub2
~/Main1/Sub2

You do not have permission to write to the source and/or destination directory. This will be very obvious from the error message: mv: cannot move 'thing' to '/place': Permission denied. In which case you can run my favourite command to overcome the problem

sudo !!


Cannot start Ubuntu: shows endlessly Ubuntu logo

Finally found it, I got "Read DMA"-errors, now trying to fix this problem.


How does one get an Epson Lx 300+II to work with Ubuntu 12.04?

Have you tried using the Generic IBM Compatile Dot-Matrix Printer PPD driver?
See: Printer: Generic IBM-Compatible Dot Matrix Printer | OpenPrinting - The Linux Foundation


Which software selection server for an ios compatible server?

It's not the tasksel applications job to decide which packages you need to run an app on iOS.  Instead configure your server for what you need it to do, i.e.

LAMP Server will serve PHP based Web Sites.
Tomcat Java Server will serve Java Based WebSites
Mail Server will handle email.

After doing this, connect your app via the internet to your server. Nothing is compatible with iOS unless you have a Mac.  Your server may "talk" to an iOS based app through a protocol, for example SSH, or Samba, in which case you would need those options. To actually develop an application, you need XCode - Native, or Xamarin 3 Visual Studio Based Plugins for Windows

See also MacInCloud for an example of Protocol as a Service, which is what you'd need to do to use the approach you describe, plus the service is OS independent.


Is there any Todo and Notes list manager available on Ubuntu which can sync with android device using Syncthing?

Since you wish to move away from Google Keep have you considered Simplenote downloadable from the Ubuntu Software Center?


What your trying to change isn't actually the configuration.  You're making edits to a pseudo file (a representation of the service).  The service only outputs there.

To make changes to IPSEC edit this file:

sudo gedit /etc/ipsec.conf

or this file for L2TP:

sudo gedit /etc/xl2tpd/xl2tpd.conf

Use this site for config reference:

http://blog.riobard.com/2010/04/30/l2tp-over-ipsec-ubuntu/


ECM stands for Extra CMake Modules. It adds additional modules to your cmake installation. See the manual here.

On Ubuntu (or any other Debian based system), you can install it with

sudo apt install extra-cmake-modules

Once that's done, fcitx build should be able to continue if all other dependencies are also satisfied.


is there a putty replacement that supports diverse colors? (over 4bit)

Putty already supports 256 colors, and the next version (currently available as a development snapshot) supports true color which is 16.8 million colors.

Note that not many of the built-in vim color schemes support 256 colors.  Vim requires colors to be specified separately for true color (known as "gui mode" colors because these are used in gvim) and palette color (known as "terminal mode").  While many vim color schemes have true color support, their terminal mode colors only use the first 16 colors.  Because of this many vim color schemes will look bad over a terminal connection such as through putty because you only see those 16 colors (which is really just 8 colors, with 2 brightness levels).

But it is perfectly possible to create a vim color scheme that does support 256 colors properly and for that to work over putty right now, and that's what I do.


Some windows and the login screen have large buttons in the top panel

This problem is cause by using Win xp theme. In "customize look and feel", in the "other" tab, you can change the toolbar setting to fix the problem.


exit shell script when a process check is failed

You could use exit statuses to deal with your case. Exit statuses are numerical values returned by a command to indicate whether the execution went well or not. The default value is 0 if it was a success, a number between [1..255] otherwise. Each value has a signification.

For instance, you could rewrite your Processcheck like this :

while read proc; do
        if (( 0 == $(ps -ef | grep -v grep | grep -c /location) )); then
                echo "!!!!! $proc down on Master TU  !!!!!"
                RC=1  #I'm not sure why you use this line
                EXIT_STATUS=1
         else
           echo "!!!!!! $proc is still running on Master TU!!!!!"
        fi
#echo "Not checked"

done < /tmp/PROCESSLIST
exit $EXIT_STATUS  #1 means there was an error, 0 means everything went fine

In your MainTest, you can call Processcheck and check its status by looking the variable $?


Since you already have Ubuntu installed in the first drive, there is no need to uninstall it, if you are comfortable putting in and taking out hard drives from your computer.

Unplug the first drive containing Ubuntu.
Plug in the second drive, install Windows as if it is the only drive.
Plug back the first drive. Change boot order in BIOS to boot first from the first (Ubuntu) drive.
Boot Ubuntu and open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and type sudo update-grub

The last step should find the Windows in the second drive and update Grub accordingly and from next boot,you should be able to choose between Ubuntu and Windows.

As for the third drive, NTFS format should be fine. You may have to edit /etc/fstab to mount the third drive automatically.


I figured out what I was doing incorrectly when trying to update using passwd - I typed in sudo passwd instead of just passwd. The latter is for changing user password, which I wanted to do. However, the problem with being unable to update passwords using the GUI 'Users and Groups' remains.


A possible solution can be to use tsocks, an application that can redirect the network traffic through a socks proxy.
Install tsocks package, modify /etc/tsocks.conf to set address and port number of your socks proxy, and run:

$ sudo -s
# tsocks apt-get update
# tsocks apt-get dist-upgrade
# exit
$

or

$ sudo -s
# . tsocks -on
# apt-get update
# apt-get dist-upgrade
# . tsocks -off # not really necessary, given the exit
# exit
$

You can think to a number of options, to simplify and automate its use.
Don't forget the leading dot, the Manpage has more deatails on this.

Edit: a shorter way to use it:

$ sudo tsocks apt-get update
$ sudo tsocks apt-get dist-upgrade


Will apache2 restart automatically if it's processes die on the server?

No, if Apache hangs or exits for some reason (eg. segmentation fault) it will not come back from the dead on its own.

Even though I never experienced such situations myself (Apache being the most reliable HTTP server I ever worked with) it can happen. There are a good deal of fixes for these problems out there. This useful guide is particularly detailed, proposing a Cron timed solution with PHP and Curl to detect if Apache is up.


"Your current Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) is no longer supported"

Seems that by following this question; Recover old files in 14.04 I finally had access my files and at the moment backing my files. :)


Try this command :

 cd /Parent directory
    find . -name '*.txt' | cpio -pdm /pathtowhereyouwanttocopy

This code will just copy .txt files and save them in a directory with their parent folders .

cpio copies files into an archive. It reads a list of filenames

find searches the directory tree rooted at each given file name

-pdm for overwrite destination content


This is expected behaviour, as your system is not currently auto mounting that external drive. You can set your external drive to automount on system startup by either editing the /etc/fstab file and adding a entry like this:

UUID=DRIVE_UUID MOUNT_POINT FILESYSTEM ARGUMENTS 0 1

or Add using Disks tools gui.


Run a nohup command over SSH, then disconnect

You have already found the right way, here document.

  NOTE: you can put the ssh (client) into background by placing a & at the end, but you will not see the output. If you really want to do this, redirect the stdout/stderr to a file in case you need to check the response from the remote host.

Basically you can do it in either way:

Directly run the command{,s}

ssh user@host "nohup command1 > /dev/null 2>&1 &; nohup command2; command3"

OR

ssh user@host "$(nohup command1 > /dev/null 2>&1 &) && nohup command2 >> /path/to/log 2>&1 &"

  NOTE: && requires the first command to return 0 before executing the second

Use Here document

ssh user@host << EOF
nohup command1 > /dev/null 2>&1 &
nohup command2 >> /path/to/command2.log 2>&1 &
......
EOF

The above 3 options should work for you.

In addition, take a look at the answer here: https://askubuntu.com/a/348921/70270


I don't know how you did your trick, but I have French (Switzerland), both as Regional Format and as Keyboard Layout.

Do you have French translations installed ? Because French(Switzerland) is part of "French" packages.


I think I know what happened here, I had changed the volume of the sink in Pavucontrol a while back. Pulseaudio kept the setting somewhere and was loading my old volume when I re-added the loopback. Subsequent unload/load of the module-loopback after changing the volume back to 100% proved this.


Intel has made a mess of this as the Vt-d functionality can actually live on the chipset.

http://www.intel.com/assets/pdf/prodbrief/317312.pdf

The Q33 does not have it, but the Q35 does. The criteria for where Vt-d support
lives is relative to where your memory controller is. With your CPU, it's not
on die, so you have an opportunity to add Vt-d with a chipset upgrade. Chips
like the Nehalam however, have integrated memory controllers, so all your memory related features are locked up in the CPU.

http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/datasheet/316966.pdf

1.3.12 Intel®
Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O (Intel®
VT-d) (Intel®
 82Q35 GMCH Only)
Intel®
Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O comprises technology components to
support virtualization of platforms based on Intel architecture microprocessors. This
document describes the chipset hardware components supporting I/O virtualization
that are in the (G)MCH. Intel®
 VT-d is only supported by the Intel®
Q35 Express  chipset.

Maybe you can find a deal on a Q35 though I'm guessing it'll be more cost effective in the long run to upgrade both board and chip with an on die memory controller.


Problem while dual booting linux in acer laptop

try to install windows and linux in legacy mode. it works on acer laptops.


Shorewall - Allow Client to Ping Internet but Not Use the Browser or Port 80

On rules, when you use:

DROP    loc    fw    tcp   80

Your're saying: disallow local network zone (loc) from access port TCP/80 on zone fw. But your conf shows no zone called fw (probably you meant $FW, but that would represent the firewall machine itself). You could try something like this:

Ping(ACCEPT)    loc    net
HTTP(DROP)      loc    net
HTTPS(DROP)     loc    net

AFAICR, shorewall adds a DROP ALL rule at the end of each chain*, so the two rules for dropping HTTP and HTTPS could be removed (because everything that isn't explicitly allowed is blocked by the final DROP ALL rule).

*This behaviour is defined at the policy file.


It is trying to install system-wide.  Try running export GEM_HOME=$(ruby -e 'puts Gem.user_dir') and then run the commands. If that works, you can add this line to your .bashrc (assuming you are running bash) to make it permanent.


Thunderbird "Open Message in Conversation" sometimes opens different thread

First thing to try is to click on the hamburger menu top right of TB then select File > Compact Folders to rebuild the structure.
If that produces no improvement then the next option is to rebuild the global-messages-db file.
To do this, close TB and locate and delete the global-messages-db file. This can be found in terminal by issuing the following command:
locate global-messages-db

This will find the file to  delete:  .thunderbird/<profile_name>/global-messages-db.sqlite. <profile_name> will likely be something like "1da3hf6z.default"
Restart TB and this will rebuild the file.
reference


Which music player can write ratings to tags, or: How to not lose my song ratings upon reinstall?

Banshee can do this, but you first need to go to Edit->Preferences and tick the checkbox labelled "Write ratings and play counts to files".


You are talking about the source code of Firefox.

If you have Firefox installed on Ubuntu, you will not get its source code but the binaries compiled from it on your computer, hence you will not be able to find the layout/generic/ folder.

To inspect the source code your version of Firefox was built from, run

apt source firefox

and apt will download a source archive file for you. Beware that in the case of Firefox, this archive is about 250 MB in size. You also have to have the sources repositories enabled in your Software & Updates settings, not only the standard binary repositories.

Alternatively you can download the source archives from Launchpad from https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/firefox .


VMware Horizon Client not working in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

For me, installing intel-media-driver-non-free was the solution (at least on ubuntu 20.10). Disabling h.264 in the VMware Blast options also worked, but resulted in terrible image quality.


How do I upgrade MySQL to 5.5, am I best off waiting for it to be available through apt-get?

What's New in MySQL 5.5

Here are some recent improvements to the speed, scalability, and user-friendliness of the MySQL database and the InnoDB storage engine.

A step by step guide to upgrading to MySQL 5.5


How do I get PDF-Shuffler onto the Open With menu?

The problem is, the Exec parameter in the desktop file has not the right value for that. You need

Exec=pdfshuffler %f

%f means a single file as parameter

or

Exec=pdfshuffler %F

%F means all selected files as parameter

instead of

Exec=pdfshuffler

Therefore

Copy the desktop file in you home folder

cp /usr/share/applications/pdfshuffler.desktop ~/.local/share/applications

Correct the ownership

sudo chown $USER:$USER ~/.local/share/applications/pdfshuffler.desktop

Open the file in an editor

nano ~/.local/share/applications/pdfshuffler.desktop

Correct the Exec parameter

Exec=pdfshuffler %f

Close all nautilus processes

nautilus -q

Open the context menu of the pdf document and select Open With Other Application
Select View All Applications
Search and select PDF-Shuffler


clean all partitions from hardisk and rebuild it again?

First, /dev/sda and /dev/sdb are disks, not partitions. (In the Windows world, the term disk is sometimes applied to partitions, but the terms mean different things. A disk is a physical device, such as a disk that's built into a computer or an external disk. A partition is a subdivision of a disk as described in a partition table, which is a simple data structure stored on a disk.) Partitions are normally numbered in Linux, as in /dev/sda1 or /dev/sdb5.

Chances are either /dev/sda or /dev/sdb is your USB installation medium and the other one is the hard disk built into your computer, but it's impossible to say which is which based on the information you've presented. It could also be you've got two hard disks.

Second, you can't really combine two hard disks; they're physically separate devices. That said, there are ways to combine them logically, such as RAID and LVM. Depending on your situation, using one of these tools may be appropriate, but that's far from certain based on the information in your question.

Third, you say you want to divide your disk into two partitions, one of which should be NTFS. Why? If you intend to boot Linux alone on the computer, NTFS is a very poor choice for filesystem, for several reasons:

Poor performance -- The NTFS-3g drivers used by Ubuntu are slow compared to the drivers for Linux-native filesystems like ext4fs, XFS, or Btrfs. Even FAT is faster in Linux (or was the last time I checked).
Repair impossibilities -- You can't repair an NTFS volume from Linux. There is a tool called ntfsfix, but it just does some basic checks and then marks the volume as needing repair by Windows.
Lack of support for Unix/Linux features -- Linux relies on Unix-style ownership, permissions, symbolic links, and some other filesystem features that are not provided by NTFS. (Actually, some of these are supported, but in ways that Linux can't use.) This prevents installing Linux to an NTFS volume. You can still store user data files on NTFS, but you may run into situations where you'll need these unsupported features even on a user-data volume.

Of course, if you want NTFS because you intend to dual-boot with Windows, that's fine. In case of dual-boot installations, though, it's easiest to install Windows first, mainly because the boot loader that Windows installs is much less flexible than the one that Ubuntu installs, and the last-installed boot loader normally becomes the default.

With all this in mind, you might want to re-state your question. What is your true goal? For instance, do you want to install Windows on a computer that already has Linux installed? Are you running out of space on one partition and so need to resize them? Something else?

Also, when you edit your question, please include the output of the following command:

sudo parted -l

Add four spaces to the start of each line of output. This will show us what your partition table(s) look like, which may be critical to answering your question.


Ubuntu server back to a couple of days ago

I'm afraid it is not possible, if there isn't setup any preliminary backup solution.

For example if you are using LVM you can create snapshots of your file-system before taking steps that you would like to cancel later on. In case it is not possible to setup LVM you can use some other backup solution. Here are presented few examples: Simple Backup Solution. Also here are presented the solutions that I'm using on my Ubuntu systems: https://github.com/pa4080/simple-backup-solutions


Check java version without java -version

To show what version of Java is installed without running java -version, open the terminal and type:

apt policy openjdk-* oracle-java*

A small part of the results of apt policy openjdk-* looks like this:

openjdk-7-jre-lib:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
openjdk-8-jdk:
  Installed: 8u162-b12-0ubuntu0.16.04.2
  Candidate: 8u162-b12-0ubuntu0.16.04.2

Search for sections that contain either openjdk-*-jre , openjdk-*-jdk or oracle-java* where the wildcard * character can be a Java version number like 6, 7, 8 or 9.


Unable to login after placing hadoop.sh in /etc/profile.d folder

OP wrote:

  I was able to resolve the issue by going to root and then issuing sudo rm.


To install it, open a Terminal and run:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install wireguard

To create the public and private keys, you run
cd /etc/wireguard
sudo umask 077; wg genkey | tee privatekey | wg pubkey > publickey

Then you need to edit the configuration file by running
sudo nano /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf

And you enter:
The client's private key
Own IP
The server's public key

To start the connection with the server you run:
sudo systemctl enable wg-quick@wg0
sudo systemctl start wg-quick@wg0
sudo systemctl status wg-quick@wg0.

On reboot, to check if the connection was made, you run:
ping server-IP.
sudo wg


How do I enable the user dynamic wallpaper in the login screen of Ubuntu 13.04?

Open a terminal and run the following commands:

sudo -i
xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm
su lightdm -s /bin/bash
gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-user-backgrounds 'true'

Note: the selected user dynamic wallpaper works only if you have a fixed wallpaper. It won't work if you have selected the option to change throughout the day.


How to cross-compile a Qt package for armhf with sbuild?

There is a bug "Cross qmake to the chroots" which I am having too with armhf chroots in Ubuntu SDK:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/click/+bug/1393697

So, I switched to CMake instead of qmake.


Could you have messed with some important files? This has happened to me when I tried to install a program (no need to mention which) and just because it got stuck in the middle, Ubuntu wouldn't boot.

1st Option: Boot Repair

Please see this https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair in order to fix the boot process. If this doesn't work, you'll probably have to install Ubuntu again.

2nd Option: Reinstalling Ubuntu

You probably know what to do, but in case you have important files stored in your Ubuntu installation, see this How to access Ubuntu files in Windows 7 while having dual boot?.


It happens sometimes with fresh installs.
In the upper left corner of the dead window Right-click on the small icon and choose power off computer.
Wait a bit, and start your Mint again.
Run the updates, and your system should work nicely.
My guess is that its the guest client settings that's not quite up to date.
As a bonus you will probably get the VM display driver so you can run it large.


Anything to recommend for a Linux newbie?

Personally, I found that learning how to use the terminal (command line) to be one of the most important aspects of becoming more familiar with Linux.  Not only is it a powerful tool for getting stuff done, but it also forced me to learn more about Linux in general, prompting me to research new questions and ideas.  It was described to me as, "If you can't do it in the terminal, it cannot be done, period."

I used the following resource to get started learning how to use the terminal:

http://linuxcommand.org/learning_the_shell.php

In addition Codecademy has a section for learning how to use the terminal.

Here is my suggestion, from one beginner to another, the next time you want to do something on your computer, use Google and see how it's done from the terminal.  Practice creating new folders and moving and renaming files, try to compile a simple program from the source, learn how to use the terminal to play music, open images, format a flashdrive.  Read the man pages and become familiar reading those (so you get the hang of the syntax; commands, options, arguments).

In my opinion there is no better way to learn, than to be hands-on.  Have fun!


How to define the directory path of a file on my hard disk

The solution is quite simple. This path you give to your program isn't valid. The problem is My Book. Either you quote your path like

'/media/student/My Book/microsat/TRF_output/concatenated_reads_N10.fasta'

or you escape the space with a backslash

/media/student/My\ Book/microsat/TRF_output/concatenated_reads_N10.fasta


How can I recover the COMPIZ COLOR FILTER PLUGIN in ubuntu 12.10?

I was able to modify the Neg plugin to turn it into Color Filter. Please read more here http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=12395466&postcount=19


ubuntu 14.04 + gnome-session-fallback : how do I lock the screen?


Ubuntu 17.10 freeze after login on fresh install without USB

Stumbled over a solution while troubleshooting issues with freezing during suspend or shutdown - turns out that switching off an option related to USB 3.0 in BIOS solved both those problems and allowed me to install use Ubuntu 17.10 normally as well.


OS selection menu at boot time flashes and loads windows

You could boot from a live CD, mount your disk partition and edit the /etc/default/grub file on the disk.
You would search for a line like this:
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0.5
and change the timeout to something else like 5 (5 sec).

That should give you more time.
If it does not solve your issue* or if you have problems* or need more detailed instructions, please leave me a comment.

(*) In this case it would be useful if you could post the contents of this file as an edit to your question.


Unable to get Networking Working on 16.04 Server

Restarted my Unifi switches and everything started to work.  I noticed after moving some devices to different ports, they started to exhibit the same behavior.  After restarting everything started to work.


Building an OpenStack cloud: where do I install the maas and openstack packages?

MAAS will be on its own node, and most people usually run the installer from the MAAS machine. You'll still need 7 machines as stated in the requirements section from that document.


Change your theme to the default theme such as Ambiance. Mostly, you must have changed to a theme where the icon pack doesn't provide a proper icon to the app in the launcher.

Changing themes is again available in Unity tweak tool.


Automatically Connect to VPN when using a specific network in Ubuntu GNOME 16.04

I found the answer to this.  Oddly, you have to open Network Manager manually (as opposed to using the panel or Settings.

So in Terminal type nm-connection-editor.  After doing so, the window that opens will have the options in the OPs first image.

This works for me in 16.04 and 17.04.  Hopefully, they will integrate the various network managers in upcoming versions of GNOME.


Is it possible to remove "Nautilus search box" from the desktop?

I would think this is expected behavior when using the 'Have file manager handle the desktop' option. If it's showing up with that option disabled then that could be a bug.

I believe that option is now default enabled for both unity* & gnome-shell - I'm assuming you're using 11.10, you haven't specified what you're on.


how to eliminate a trace of GRUB that stops me from opening Win10

Since you just want data off the old disk, boot an Ubuntu USB (or CDROM), and copy what you want off the hard disk to another USB storage device.  Even if you set up grub on the old disk, (easy to just install grub to it if you have some room on a FAT partition like the tools partition of Windows), actually running Windows with all the old drivers is unlikely to succeed.


Can't adjust brightness on a HP Pavillion Dv3

I think that your problem is similar to this one. Because you use Ubuntu 11.10, you don't have to change the kernel, because kernel 3.0 is already patched with the fix. But, according to what is reported in the specified PPA, you may still need a fix to the boot options:

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

Change the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" into

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_backlight=vendor"

Run:

sudo update-grub

Restart Ubuntu


How to make a permanent alias in oh-my-zsh?

There must not be any whitespaces around between = and either alias name or alias definition:

alias zshconfig="mate ~/.zshrc"
alias ohmyzsh="mate ~/.oh-my-zsh"
alias n="nano"
alias m="mkdir"
alias w="cd ~/Documents/UoMWorkspace/Semester2"
alias j="cd ~/Documents/UoMWorkspace/Semester2/COMP17412"

BTW: If you are looking for a way to shorten directory names, I suggest looking into Named Directories and the AUTO_CD option instead of aliases:

hash -d w=~/Documents/UoMWorkspace/Semester2
hash -d j=~/Documents/UoMWorkspace/Semester2/COMP17412

This allows you to use ~w instead of ~/Documents/UoMWorkspace/Semester2 and ~j instead of ~/Documents/UoMWorkspace/Semester2/COMP17412 (or ~w/COMP17412). So cd ~j is identical to cd ~/Documents/UoMWorkspace/Semester2. It also works as part of a path, e.g. cat ~j/somedir/somefile.

With

setopt AUTO_CD

zsh will automatically cd to a directory if it is given as command on the command line and it is not the name of an actual command. e.g.

% /usr
% pwd
/usr
% ~w
/home/YOURUSERNAME/Documents/UoMWorkspace/Semester2


The classic UNIX tool for this is join:

NAME
       join - join lines of two files on a common field

SYNOPSIS
       join [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2

DESCRIPTION
       For  each  pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line
       to standard output.  The default join field is the first, delimited  by
       blanks.

However, join i) needs its input to be sorted in order to work and ii) can only deal with 2 files. So, you could do something ugly and inelegant like:

Sort each file on the second field and save as a new file

sort -k2 file1 > sorted1
sort -k2 file2 > sorted2
sort -k2 file3 > sorted3

Join files 1 and 2 into a new file and then join the third

$ join -j2 --nocheck-order sorted1 sorted2 > newfile
$ join -o 1.2,1.3,2.1,1.1  -1 1 -2 2 --nocheck-order newfile sorted3
10 3 9 Hac.2
1 33 23 Hhe.7
2 15 70 Hpyl.1

The options used are:

   -1 FIELD
          join on this FIELD of file 1

   -2 FIELD
          join on this FIELD of file 2
   -j FIELD
          equivalent to '-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'

   --nocheck-order
          do not check that the input is correctly sorted

   -o FORMAT
          obey FORMAT while constructing output line
   FORMAT is one or more  comma  or  blank  separated
   specifications, each being 'FILENUM.FIELD' or '0'.

So, that command will join on the 1st field of the first file and the 2nd field of the second file, and will print the 2nd field of the first file (1.2), then the third field of the first file (1.3), the first field of the second file (2.1) and the 1st field of the first file (1.1).

Alternatively, you could combine the entire thing in one gloriously complicated command:

$ join -o 1.1,2.2,2.3,2.1 -1 2 -2 1  --nocheck-order <(sort -k2 file3) \
      <(join -j2  --nocheck-order <(sort -k2 file1) <(sort -k2 file2))
9 10 3 Hac.2
23 1 33 Hhe.7
70 2 15 Hpyl.1

If you don't like arcane command line-fu, you can always use a little script:

$ awk '{a[$NF]=$1"\t"a[$NF];} END{for(i in a){print a[i],i}}' file{1,2,3}
23  33  1    Hhe.7
9   3   10   Hac.2
70  15  2    Hpyl.1


Fedora spins are absolutely incapable of running on ubuntu, sorry mate :/, what spin do you want exactly ? maybe we can help you find something similar for ubuntu :) ?
Maybie this will help


Cannot install ATI/AMD FGLRX restricted graphic drivers

This is a known bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/jockey/+bug/873058

But if you want the latest and greatest fglrx follow the instructions on

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/ATI#Manually_installing_Catalyst_12.6


Click he 'Do Something Else' option
You will be presented with graphical layout of partitions on your hard drive.
Double click /dev/sdb1
You will now be presented with a dialog box. Select "Ext4 Journaling system" in 'Use as'dropdown menu
In the 'Mount Point' Dialog, select '/'
Make sure 'Format this partition' checkbox is selected.
Now click OK and continue with installation. Click 'Install Now' to start installing
If it says something about swap, just ignore it.


It is secure to upgrade the RAM of a 32-bit Server?

Simple. PAE.

From that link:

  The Linux kernel includes full PAE mode support starting with version
  2.3.23,[21] enabling access of up to 64 GB of memory on 32-bit machines. A PAE-enabled Linux kernel requires that the CPU also
  support PAE. The Linux kernel supports PAE as a build option and major
  distributions provide a PAE kernel either as the default or as an
  option.

So if it works fine with 8GB, it should work fine with 16GB.


You might want to install CompizConfig. I think you are looking for that.

https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/compizconfig-settings-manager/

Good luck!


How to make a directory name with quotes in it, such as "What's for dinner?"

If you want to create folder with quotes you should escape it using double quotes " and \:

mkdir "\"\""

Will create folder ""

mkdir "\"\"'"

Will create folder ""'

mkdir "'"

Will create folder '

mkdir "\"What's for dinner?\""

Will create what you want


Is Adobe Flash 11.2 working with Nvidia hardware again?

Mandriva 2010.2 i586
flash 11.2.232.238

the blue tint pb was fixed by nvidia since 304.37 if you read the release note

i have no more blue tint pb with flash  since i have 304.37

there is acceleration for rendering but no hw accel for decoding

acceleration for rendering is not hw accel. if i understand well it is just that flash use xrender (<=>direct tech for windows)


sudo apt-get -y upgrade taking to long 20.04

apt update (in the latest version you don't need the apt-get command for most purposes) will search your sources (which are stored in /etc/apt/sources.list) for all new updates.
apt upgrade will fetch all updates and then install them.
In the words of @user535733, your system keeps a local database of all the packages available from all the sources that it knows about. apt must update that database so it can identify packages available for upgrade


Grid hotkeys in compiz are not responding

Ive just tested, and mine work perfectly.

2 wild guesses:

Did you ever / recently change your LOCALE settings? Yes, i know it sounds absurd, but compiz have several bugs regarding locales and settings. Some of the settings have localized (translated) names, and if you set them using a given locale and then switch to another locale, the translated names get lost, and settings end up badly messed up. I could only fix mine when I changed every setting to a different value, so the localizations were wiped off the settings
Ever tried to change the default key assingments to other, say, "ordinary"  values? The default ones uses the numeric keypad, and they are very problematic (mainly due to the numlock feature)

There are true "shot in the dark", for more accurate help i would need more details

But, given youre offering a beefy bound for it, I assume you desperatly need this. So, have you tried those "emergency" measures...

Reinstall compiz via synaptic
Uninstall compiz via synaptic, using the Complete Removal option?

This would delete its config files, and maybe would solve the issue.


How does Ubuntu differentiate between "virsh shutdown" and "virsh reboot"

I am not 100% sure, but the hypervisor can order the guest OS to shut down or reboot by emulating an ACPI hardware event, i.e. touching the power button.

There is no differentiated signal for shutdown or reboot as far as I know, just the normal power button.

That means virsh shutdown and virsh reboot should both emulate a power button tap which gets registered by the guest OS' ACPI daemon and results in a shutdown (on Ubuntu server by default) or an interactive prompt (on Ubuntu desktop by default) or however the guest OS is configured to handle this event.

The only difference, I think, is, that once the VM has shut down, if the command was virsh shutdown it stays off, but if it was virsh reboot it gets powered on again immediately. That would equal a cold boot though, not a warm reboot.

However, looking at the man virsh manual, it seems like there are more different options to send a reboot command other than just an ACPI event. However, I can't tell you anything about those, unfortunately.

   reboot domain [--mode MODE-LIST]
       Reboot a domain.  This acts just as if the domain had the reboot
       command run from the console.  The command returns as soon as it
       has executed the reboot action, which may be significantly before
       the domain actually reboots.

       The exact behavior of a domain when it reboots is set by the
       on_reboot parameter in the domain's XML definition.

       By default the hypervisor will try to pick a suitable shutdown
       method. To specify an alternative method, the --mode parameter can
       specify a comma separated list which includes "acpi", "agent",
       "initctl", "signal" and "paravirt". The order in which drivers will
       try each mode is undefined, and not related to the order specified
       to virsh.  For strict control over ordering, use a single mode at a
       time and repeat the command.


How do I know how much RAM can I upgrade my laptop?

Run in the terminal:

sudo dmidecode -t 16

That's what I got in my machine:

# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle 0x000F, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
    Location: System Board Or Motherboard
    Use: System Memory
    Error Correction Type: None
    Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
    Error Information Handle: No Error
    Number Of Devices: 2

It means that I can upgrade up to 32 gb and there are 2 memory slots in my laptop.


Software centre "Failed to download package"?

Type sudo apt-get update in the terminal and wait until it finishes. This should fix the problem.


Windows can't see FAT32 drive modified by GParted

Check that your cluster size is the correct for FAT32. See Microsoft documentation for more details. 64k may be too big for FAT32 partition, try using 16k. Otherwise, you can try exFAT which allow larger cluster sizes.


Google Desktop hotkey Ctrl+Ctrl doesn't work

Press and hold left Ctrl then press right Ctrl.


How can I stop ssh bots from trying to SSH in as root

personally, I prefer to change ssh listening port, it can avoid this problem.
And it is really easy to do.


Install printer driver from "tar.gz" file

I'd have a look at the Installer.htm file. Just drag it into Firefox/Chrome and see what it says. That should contain some sort of instruction, but as a guess, I'd say you'd want to open a terminal, CD to this directory and then run sudo sh install.sh.

The Arch Linux wiki has some instructions that differ slightly from this, essentially just using the PPD from the unified driver.


It seems to be solved after I switched to Fedora 34..!!


You have created another user.
If the home folder are not encrypted, just copy your files from the old user.


Running a GUI script - everything freezes

Not a python expert, but this seems not to be an Ubuntu-related issue, as the application installs and runs. You should probably start by following the "highly recommended" installation method through Anaconda, and contact the developer/community of CellModeller, instead, if the issue persists.


Trying to install Minecraft on Ubuntu 16.04

All I did was go to: https://minecraft.net/download and select "Show All Platforms".  Next I clicked and downloaded the Minecraft.jar file.  Thats it.
Just be sure you have Java installed.  You also may need to click the Minecraft.jar file properties and change the file to launch as an executable.

There may be other ways but this has worked for me.


Normally you add the script that starts a daemon into /etc/rcS.d/ (the S means at Startup) and the script should automatically be launched the next time you boot. (Generally you softlink scripts there from their original path.) This can also be done with the update-rc.d tool {requires root privileges}.

Sadly I'm not sure where exactly the crond starter script is, but it should be automatically configured for you to start up at boot, and before playing with system directories I would say that make a sanity check and see wht happens if you run crontab -e and add in a new line like this: */1 * * * * echo "Cron works", and you should get the string Cron works in a system mail (provided that you have postfix configured).

Also don't forget to remove the cronjob once it has been tested as it will send that string every minute to you and it quickly gets annoying.


okay...here is what has happened...

you have created a non-efi capable linux installation medium (your linuxu usb disk) and a windows installation medium so that's why it doesn't work on EFI mode ON

(apparently your linux usb-disk is corrupted, you need to recreate it. please keep reading)

so you have two choices

leave EFI mode OFF and install both OSes
install both OSes in EFI mode

1. leave EFI mode OFF and install both OSes

since you have a windows installation disk already, you can try this method...
install windows, then recreate the live usb using the app rufus

remember to use MBR PARTITION SCHEME FOR BIOS OR UEFI COMPUTERS parameter while creating the usb disk. just select the device and the image file and other settings will automatically generated by the app

now try to install linux...it will work flawlessly

2. install both OSes in EFI mode

this method is bit complicated for a regular user...in EFI mode, Disk scheme get changed to GPT scheme from MBR (dos-type) scheme. so you may need to re-format the whole disk to convert into GPT mode

use another PC and recreate the windows installation medium. Remember to use GPT PARTITION SCHEME FOR UEFI COMPUTERS parameter.just select the device and the image file and other settings will automatically generated by the app
in the target PC, turn ON EFI mode and turn OFF CSM (compatible mode) or legacy mode.also turn off secureboot function
install windows
generate a linux installation disk by the same rufus app settings as windows and reboot to install linux (to avoid hibernation,don't shut down from windows, only restart )

(if you need to make sure you are on EFI mode when installing linux...try these links How can I tell if my system was booted as EFI/UEFI or BIOS? , https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/148356/how-to-know-if-im-booting-using-uefi)

done!

when installing on EFI mode, install windows first....because windows creates the EFI partiton automatically so you don't need to create it while installing. and better turn off secure-boot function in efi-firmware prior installing.


Can Ubuntu 14.04 be installed on ASUS Transformer Book Flip TP300LD-DW102D

I've installed Ubuntu aside Windows on my TP300LD: installation process runs smoothly, it recognizes wifi card so you can download latest updates during installation.

Keep in mind: Asus doesn’t support Linux and uses proprietary hardware. Ubuntu runs well but cannot get maximum gain.

Thus:

ATK (touchpad) is used as PS/2 mouse so you cannot use gesture (the biggest issue, on my opinion);
several key on the keyboard aren't available;
Fliplock or similar doesn’t exist;
monitor doesn't rotate;
monitor auto-backlight doesn't work.


I can't log in into my PC, shows grub rescue instead

This is probably caused by this: http://www.zdnet.com/windows-7-declares-war-on-grub-4010022376/

If you have a grub2 do grub rescue as follows:

Prepare a Live CD or make a Live USB via http://www.pendrivelinux.com/yumi-multiboot-usb-creator/
boot it up as live, do no t install anything
Open Terminal
sudo fdisk -l  - this should show you where the Linux is installed could be dev/sda1
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt - this will mount you system partition
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sda - should be sda if the Linux was on sda1 or sdb for sdb1 etc...
sudo update-grub - updates a grub menu

Your system should be back again. If nothing helps, try to discover it by yourselves here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2#Reinstalling%20from%20LiveCD


Firefox shows I have webserver running on http://localhost:80 while other browser says "Could not connect to remote server"

If I understand your question correctly, you mean that even though you have no web site running any longer, Firefox appears to show that you do.

In this case, it sounds like the issue might be Firefox keeping a local cache of your page for you.

Step 1. Check if your site is being cached

To browse the FireFox cache and see if your site is listed as being cached, enter the following into your browser window:

  about:cache

Look around for any sign of your server or page and see if anything's there.

Step 2. Turn of Firefox Caching

You can also ensure that the browser won't cache things by entering the settings page via entering the following into the browser window:

  about:config

and setting the "network.http.use-cache" property to "false".

Step 3. Force a Non-cached refresh of the page in Firefox

You can do this by using CTRL + F5 on the page to refresh it and force a get from the server. You could alternatively use CTRL + Shift + R to accomplish the same thing.


I've had this problem before (unfortunately mine caused a kernel panic at boot)! If you're not using something like Bumblebee to save power (i.e. you're on a desktop) you can blacklist your Intel on-board video by adding this line to /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist

blacklist intel-agp

Then reboot


How to install CUDA-6.5 on Ubuntu 14.04?

Same error message with me, but none of the above answers helped in my case (Ubuntu 14.10). Therefore, first dissect the error message. It says:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
cuda : Depends: cuda-6-5 (= 6.5-14) but it is not going to be installed.

So cuda has a dependency cuda-6-5, which can not be installed. Why? Let's check:
sudo apt-get install cuda-6-5 produced a similar message to the original one for me saying something like:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
cuda-6-5 : Depends: libcudart6.0 (=....) but it is not going to be installed.

So libcudart6.0 is the problem. Let's check why: sudo apt-get install libcudart6.0 results in:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libcudart6.0 : Depends: nvidia-340 (=....) but it is not going to be installed.

So this is the problem: The installed NVIDIA driver (and also those available in the
repository) are not recent enough. Adding the xorg-edgers PPA helps:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update

Running the original sudo apt-get install cuda now works.

(This may not be a problem, if one runs the *.run file from the NVIDIA developer website.)


looking for file catalog application (GUI)

Tracker

Description from Tracker's Homepage
Tracker is a search engine, search tool and metadata storage system.
It allows you to find the proverbial needle in your computer's haystack as well as providing a one stop solution to the organisation, storage and categorisation of your data. Some plugins allow you to use Tracker in GNOME applications, for example: Totem and Nautilus.
Installation
sudo apt install tracker-gui

Getting started
You can configure Tracker by running tracker-preferences and access the simple search GUI by running tracker-needle. To index files you need to start tracker daemon -s, I recommend adding this command to your Autostart Applications (System → Preferences → Startup Applications). For more information browse the website and read tracker --help. An alternative GUI for Tracker is catfish, see this answer.


I want to install php 5.3.9 in ubuntu 12.04 via apt-get - what repository should I add?

As 5.3.10 is newer than 5.3.9, even if there were a repository with 5.3.9, the 5.3.10 package would still get installed. It seems from the bug as if the bug is fixed in 5.3.12, and should apply to 5.3.10, so perhaps pushing for the patch to get included in an SRU, and helping to get that done, would be a better solution. It would then fix it for everyone, and not need a PPA for people to get it.

You can see the procedure for getting an SRU, here: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates


jackd server will not start exit code 225

Feel free to delete this question, but I will post my solution anyway. Do not install jack from the Ubuntu Software Center, instead use this command:

sudo apt-get install jackd qjackctl

I don't know why it works this way, but it does.


Dynamically set user groups for directories and files on a directory

You can set the setgid sticky bit on the directory to ensure that all new files in the directory will have their group set to the group of the directory.

To do that, run chmod g+s DIRECTORY, where DIRECTORY is the name of your directory.


What is wrong with my executable compiled with GCC?

The executable is not found because the directory it is in is not on your executable search path $PATH.To run it directly, you need to prepend either a relative path

./a.out

or an absolute path

/home/jim/a.out


How can I install volatility on Ubuntu 20.10? I get error: "E: Package 'volatility' has no installation candidate"

Here's how you install it https://github.com/volatilityfoundation/volatility/wiki/Installation and then you run it with python. I believe you can't get it with apt-get as it isn't in kali-tools-forensics metapackage anymore. You also may have to install some additional libraries - I needed to install Distorm3 and PyCrypto -
https://github.com/volatilityfoundation/volatility/wiki/FAQ#what-are-the-dependencies-for-running-volatility


Is it possible to pause/abort mdadm reshape?

echo frozen > /sys/block/md0/md/sync_action

Idle will move the reshare to the next block , ex if it was md0 , it will reshape md1.
If you try it again , it will back reshape md0.

So frozen will pause them with indication: resync=PENDING


The problem is: What does that line mean?
Each of its component is significative. In fact, that line can be read as

UserName@HostName:FolderInHost$

The meaning of the symbol $ and its other possible values are explained here. Please have a careful read there.

Note also that ~ is not root, but it is just a shortcut for your home directory /home/hallgroup. This, as well as the $ above, comes from Unix and it is the same in a lot of Unix-based environment (so MacOS too, for example).

The root is /, and it is not the home of any user.

If you cd / you will see that the folder part of the line changes to /.

With this in mind, it is clear that hallgroup@oldoffice:~$ and hallgroup@oldoffice:/usr$ are exactly the same thing, just telling you that you are in /home/hallgroup and in /usr respectively.


Problem when compiling linux using sudo make

Install the matching linux-headers package for that kernel.
And you need sudo only for sudo make install, not for plain make. Don't use sudo if you don't really need root privileges.


How can I start caffeine in active mode?

Try this, not elegant, but it works for what you want.

caffeinate sleep 9999999

caffeinate will keep the computer await until the next command finishes. In this case, it will keep your computer up for just under 116 days or until you logout or shutdown.

caffeine itself is primarily for when programs run full-screen. It will prevent sleeping the entire time that program is in full-screen. caffeinate was designed to be run for other programs you don't want to be interrupted (such as a big update, non-full-screen game, or something like that).

Although there is probably some way to activate the caffeine indicator automatically, this is the best I can do for the time being.

Also, if you want to kill it to allow sleeping at any time, run pkill caffeinate.

You could also just change your computer settings to never sleep/darken screen/screensaver at all, then you don't need to worry about it.


nvidia driver install for ubuntu 14.04 using xorg-edgers ppa

By default you shouldnt need to remove nouveau grafics but if you have any type of conflict remove it, i generally just download then and install them and it works fine.


Connection was refused by other side: 111: Connection refused

I did a small amount of research on this and i've found a very similar thread on serverfault here. It seems that your kernel might be a limiting factor in this particular case, as such a high amount of concurrent connections is not very common. The accepted answer states it might be due to the ip_conntrack table overflowing.

On Ubuntu (Server) a fix could be setting some custom parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.netfilter.ip_conntrack_max = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 8192
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768    61000

Please take a look at the thread I linked to, and always be very careful with custom configurations.


Problem solved, my Madcatz RAT 3 mouse was causing this strange behaviour, solved as shown in this video

First, identify the device by running

xinput -list

In the section Virtual Core Pointer identify the exact name of the mouse. In my case, it's

Madcatz Mad Catz R.A.T.3

copy that name, and then make an in entry in /etc/X11/xorg.conf...

sudo -i
gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Now enter this, using the device name from xinput -list in the MatchProduct line

Section "InputClass"
Identifiers "Mouse Remap"
MatchProduct "Madcats Mad Catz R.A.T.3"
MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"
Option "ButtonMapping" "1 2 3 4 5 0 0 8 9 0 0 0 0 0"
EndSection

Save the file, close it and enter exit in the terminal to drop privileges. After reboot, the mouse works fine.


According to man ssh:

 -t      Force pseudo-terminal allocation.  This can be used to execute
         arbitrary screen-based programs on a remote machine, which can be
         very useful, e.g. when implementing menu services.  Multiple -t
         options force tty allocation, even if ssh has no local tty.

Since you are running multiple ssh sessions you would use multiple -t's.  They can be shortened by doing ssh -tt.  The command then would look like the following to force a pseudo-tty so you can enter passwords and see prompts on your connections.

ssh -tt -X hosta ssh1 -X -1 login@hostb

Hope this helps!


Boot-Repair gets a kernel-panic while scanning the system

This is a known bug with older versions of the kernel, caused by the driver for the Realtek RTL8821AE WiFi card. Unfortunately, the ISO file which you can download from Sourceforge uses a kernel which is several years old and thus has this bug. Further, that version has no way to get access to the advanced options so as to avoid trying to use the network.

The solution is to download a live Linux distro onto your USB stick, boot into that, install boot-repair and invoke it from the command line (the more recent versions of the kernel the live distro use won't have the bug).  Once you get the live distro running and have a terminal, do this (copied from this howtogeek.com article):

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair
boot-repair


R package h5r configure: error: Can't find HDF5

I managed to do it, although in slightly messy way. I used sudo cp -rs /usr/include/hdf5/serial/* /usr/share/R/include to create links to all the hdf5 files within the R/include folder, which is included in the build by default.


For those that have the same problem this did the trick

sudo edit-chroot -f /media/removable/your_path_on_drive -r chrootname

Thanks to https://github.com/dnschneid/crouton/wiki/Crouton-Command-Cheat-Sheet


Ubuntu 16.04 OpenFOAM-5.0 makeParaView Qt5 Error

It seems like you confused the name of the environment variable, Qt5_DIR, with an option accepted by cmake to set the Qt5 directory: cmake -DQt5_DIR=".....". Bear in mind that when you call ./makeParaView, it will run in its own environment and won't see any variables you declared locally. To make your Qt5 installation available to the script and also to all processes it calls you need to export it:

export Qt5_DIR="/home/trent/Qt5.6.x/lib/cmake/Qt5"

Do make sure to doublecheck the path you specify is correct and actually contains the requested Qt5Config.cmake.

I am not entirely sure if this solution will also make the linker aware of where the Qt libraries can be found, so you might as well communicate that by adding the respective directory to the path for shared libraries:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/home/trent/Qt5.6.x/lib":$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"


Macbook Retina running Ubuntu 13.04 Problem

You can set what happens when you "close the lid". To do that follow the following steps:

Open System Settings located on the left.

 2. A new Window just opened. Click on the Power Settings located under Hardware.

 3. In the Power Settings you can choose what happens when you close the lid or when power is critical low etc.


Okay, I switched back to nvidia-355, problem solved.


How can I display Font Awesome fonts in Character Map?

You can use Character Map. Select the font and select Character Details

To find your character, use the view View > By Unicode Block. In All you have a very large list and in this list, you should find your character. But the font has 10FFFF (111411210) characters. Without knowing the code, it's a little bit hard to find your needed character.

You can also filter it out so it only displays the glyphs/icons specific to this font. Go to View > Show only glyphs from this font.


why linux-source-4.4.0 compiled to 4.4.79

The reason is that you compile the kernel a wrong way.

If you run make you build a kernel non-Debian way and actually get a mainline kernel.

To get an Ubuntu kernel compile it by

fakeroot debian/rules clean
fakeroot debian/rules binary-headers binary-generic

And also if you build a custom kernel, you need to install custom headers.


I just discovered that in Windows 10 the Fast Startup option is turned on again. Switching it off fixed the problem!


Network with conjure-up single machine openstack

All the Assigned floating IPs are private and you can only access them from within the host server. So to answer your questions:

Because you installed OpenStack using conjure-up, you better use juju to orchestrate the services (keystone, nova,...). For example you want to configure keystone, do these:

Find the keystone machine number

$ juju machines

Then ssh into the keystone container:

$ juju ssh
To access the OpenStack Dashboard service/horizon from outside the host machine, you have to create a NAT rule on the host:

$ sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d  --dport 443 -j DNAT --to-destination :443


You could try using bcfg from an EFI version 2 shell:

Download an EFI version 2 shell. Here is a link to a semi-official binary. If that binary  hangs, try this one, but note that you'll need to unzip the shell program from the zip file. (The second program should work on older computers, which the first one doesn't support.)
Create a USB flash drive with a FAT partition.
Copy the EFI shell to the USB flash drive as EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi on the flash drive. For instance, if you mount the flash drive at /media/flash, the file should be /media/flash/EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi.
Reboot and tell your computer to boot from the USB flash drive.
In the EFI shell, type bcfg boot dump -v to see the current boot entries. Note the highest number in the existing boot entries.
Add a new boot entry using bcfg boot add 3 fs0:\EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi "Ubuntu", changing 3 to a value higher than any in the list you got from the previous step.
Type bcfg boot mv 3 0 to make GRUB the default boot entry. (Change 3 to the number you used in the previous step.)

When you reboot normally, the computer should boot into GRUB by default.


Trouble Running C++ Executable from Desktop

You need to tell Nautilus to allow executing the file as program in right click -> properties

Also, you're outputing the string to stdout, which is console. You can only see that in terminal


VLC installation error with 'broken packages'

I had a similar problem after a Synaptic update this morning. VLC was removed as part of that update. When I tried to reinstall, I ran into the unmet dependency problem with libgles1-mesa. I was able to reinstall VLC after I purged the ubuntu-x-swat PPA, which I had added to my system. I am currently running Lubuntu 16.04.02 LTS. You might want to check if that PPA is in your repositories.


how to align a set of names in alphabetical order using libre office

There are two LibreOffice components that fit your needs: Writer and Calc. Which to choose depends on your knowledge and how you want to use the list.

You should choose Calc if:

the list layout isn't important for you
assuming you want to print the list out, you don't care a lot about the print layout;

You should choose Writer if:

you're quite familiar with Writer or at least any text processing software;
you want to put text before and behind the list;
the file on the screen should look very similar to the result of printing it directly.

With Calc, you could simply put all the names into the cells of a spreadsheet column. Sorting the column is very easy. Assuming your list looks like this:

You could either sort it using menu "Data" -> "Sort"; or you enable the "AutoFilter" (using menu "Data" -> "Filter" -> "AutoFilter"), then you can enable sorting by clicking on the little button in the header cell (in my example: the first cell, with green background):

With Writer, you would have to insert a table into the document first (menu "Table" -> "Insert"), deciding how the table should look like (how much columns and so on). Sorting the table is easy, too (select table, then menu "Table" -> "Sort"), but you will have to do more things manually.

(Link to source for my example data)


SANE on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS not working (using Kodak Scanner, working on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)

Hi I had the problem that the XSane scanner did not show the pre-scan immage. Was all messed up. After deleting and re-install it refuses. Some library clash with N-Vidia driver. However simple scan keeps on working after the move to 18.04LTS


Is there any application like amazing slow downer for window or Mac?

It look like I've found out the right thing. It's the app Play it slowly

Play it slowly is a light weight application but has a simple , clean interface. It is simple to use and has basic features such as:

Slow the speed on playback without altering pitch.
Easily mark, move, and reset sections of a track for playback.
Easy to start/stop/restart playback.
Play is slowly is in the Debian and Ubuntu repositories

sudo apt-get install playitslowly

The above information is quoted the post: Music practice

by the author bodhi.zazen.


How can I make clicking Notify-OSD notifications bring me to their application/message?

No, Notify OSD is crippled by design. It's there to display a message for a period of time and then vanish. That's all.

However there are alternatives. You can install notification-daemon and after a log-out-then-in you should be seeing bubbles you can interact with. They're themed in a similar way and notifications you miss will be sent to a tray (Notification Area/Indicator Applet) icon.

If you don't like it, just remove that package and do the log-out-in conga again. Notify OSD should take the helm again.


dhcp fails after initial reboot with "No working leases in persistent database"

Try setting the IP manually and see if it works.
sudo ifconfig eth0 you.ip.address.here netmask netmask.goes.in.here then try pinging the router.


Is it possible to run a command as root without password and entering sudo?

You can make /usr/bin/command setuid root. However, this will work for ALL users and not only the particular one. Ie. any user who types /usr/bin/command will run the command as root, without the need to specify a password - you cannot restrict this to particular users only. Also, when you set /usr/bin/command setuid root, there will be no possibility to run this command as non-root until you remove the setuid bit.
Btw. that's exactly how sudo works - /usr/bin/sudo is setuid root, so it automatically becomes root when you type sudo. If it weren't setuid root, it won't be able to switch to root.
But I suggest you don't set random commands setuid root. sudo was designed to use that way and it makes many security checks before actually let you run the command. By definition, if you type a command name in the terminal, you are running that command as your current user ID (unless the command elevates privileges by itself, eg. by being setuid root, or using sudo internally as in Tony's solution). sudo is there to clearly distinguish command being run as non-root from command being run as root. Therefore you shouldn't omit it.


In general, short of modifying the command's code (and recompiling, in the case of a compiled executable) you would need to write a wrapper function - either as a shell function or an executable script located ahead of the original executable in your PATH. It would need to:

parse the command line arguments
intercept your additional option (and any option-specific argument)
perform the new action
otherwise pass the remaining arguments to the original command

However your seq should already have an option to specify the number format, which may be (ab)used to get the kind of list you want

   -f, --format=FORMAT
          use printf style floating-point FORMAT

Ex.

$ seq -f 'Item %.0f' 1 10
Item 1
Item 2
Item 3
Item 4
Item 5
Item 6
Item 7
Item 8
Item 9
Item 10

More generally, you could use printf e.g. printf 'Item %d\n' $(seq 1 100) or (using bash's built-in brace expansion) printf 'Item %d\n' {1..100}

BTW rm does have a sort of dry-run flag, -i

-i     prompt before every removal

or (less portably)

-I     prompt once before removing  more  than  three  files,  or  when
      removing recursively; less intrusive than -i, while still giving
      protection against most mistakes


Open your WAV file in audacity, and in the audacity program choose 'file->export audio'.  You will need to change the extension of the file manually, but you can choose the mp3 format in the drop-down box in the lower right corner of the dialog.


Can I safely sync .config/ between computers?

short answer

No - without some more effort this is not a save procedure to simply sync all the configuration files below ~/.config.

detailed answer

This approach is limited through the following prerequisites:

Dependencies to the installed applications, especially the plugin
components of an application.
Same file system structure on both systems.
E.g. /home/Alice and /home/Bob
will fail because a lot of configuration data use the qualified path
and not the '~' reference to the user home directory.
(In my .config directory 30 (of 92) applications are affected by this problem.)
The network infrastructure may be different.
E.g. desktop (with NFS, LDAP based user accounts) versus mobile laptop.
You have to think about changes of configurations and collision handling.
Because the data may be critical I would advice to use a version control system (e.g. subversion) as backend for storing the data.
The config directories may contain volatile data not suitable for synchronizing:

lock file (e.g. chromium/SingletonLock) which should be excluded.
cache directories
...

But give it a try and report your success and "lessons learned" :-)

I agree that the current situation below linux isn't suitable for working with multiple devices.

The problem is that most of the configuration data is stored in the file system and
either gnome, kde or freedesktop provide a network accessible configuration repository and an precedence schema for local an shared configuration data.

My workaround is that I try to configure as much as useful below /etc and share this configuration (via subversion).
This approach evolved currently to an inhouse framework of 5k lines of bash code and over 2000 data files. It handles currently 4 desktop, 5 mobile and 2 server machines.

For some of my own data below ~/.config, ~/.thunderbird (...) I use an similar approach.