403 Forbidden on virtual host with mod_rewrite

Your problem may have its root in various causes, here are the solutions for two of them:

Folder and File Permissions

Not only the site.com folder, but also all parent folders need to have their permissions set so apache can traverse them. Please check if /home, /home/ihab, /home/ihab/Workspace and /home/ihab/Workspace/Webdev do have proper settings.
They either need to either

belong to the user as which apache runs (chown www-data:ihab - but that would prohibit you from modifying them if you do not pay close attention to their chmod)
their group has to be the one that the apache2 user has (chown ihab:www-data, that would work)
or you need to make sure the user www-data is in the group that those folders belong to (gpasswd -a www-data ihab or gpasswd -a www-data users for example)

Apache2 Grants

Under "normal" circumstances the webroot belongs at /var/www - for these folders the "grant" are set accordingly by the apache2 default configuration. You chose to have the files in another folder structure - which is fine but needs some tweaking:
add require all granted to those folders:

<Directory /home>
require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory /home/ihab>
require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory /home/ihab/Workspace>
require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory /home/ihab/Workspace/Webdev>
require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory /home/ihab/Workspace/Webdev/site.com>
require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory /home/ihab/Workspace/Webdev/site.com/public_html>
require all granted
</Directory>


numerical keypad of my laptop not working

I have Same problem in Ubuntu 16.04. I solved it by changing this setting:

Settings >> Universal Access >> Pointing and Clicking >> Mouse Keys
Turn it Off


Change line

linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=${isofile}

to

linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=${isofile}

and voila! Should work.


Bootup into windows OS and restart your pc not shutdown.
Then bootup into ubuntu os now click on that ntfs partition.The ntfs partition will be mounted and you can able to see all the files in that partition.


Sometimes there's no indicator-sound playback menu for Audacious v3.3.2?

It's definitely a bug and I reported it here, so you could track the status of it:

http://redmine.audacious-media-player.org/issues/222


Window scroll handles/bars aren't working for me in Ubuntu. Can they be modified?

The scrollbar in Ubuntu is called overlay scrollbar. If you find the need to disable it, you can refer to a previous question at How do I disable overlay scrollbars?.


How can I easliy boot Ubuntu and Windows 8?

I hope my experience could help other people in mine same situation:

I've had a lot of problem with dual boot Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 8 in two partition in a same HD:
Every time automatically started  Windows and never ubuntu....
I've try all guides for disable Secure boot,etc... but without solution.

I've solved all dual boot problems, installing Windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.04 in two separated HD.

My situation is

HD n°1:

1st partition with Ubuntu 12.04
2nd partition for backup, ntfs formatted

HD n°2

Windows 8. from windows, i can read/write on ntfs partition into 1st HD

When switch on my computer, into GRUB page,I can choose between Ubuntu and Winfdows 8, but only Ubuntu can be booted; If i choose Windows 8 is shown a message which says : "error impossible find EFI... etc... or something like that".
If i boot directly windows 8 from boot menu, it work!

Maybe I've understand what is the problem:

Windows 8, it's installed in a traditional mode, NOT UEFI, and I can see this from tool partition manager: in my Windows 8 HD isn't available EFI partiion, or well, the boot partion isn't EFI, but traditional I suppose (i've upgrade it from windows 7).

When I've install Ubuntu 12.04, I've choose EFI boot mode for the installation. (with Gparted I can see EFI boot partion on my HD).

My Mother board support both system BIOS and EFI, but i think GRUB system work only if both, Windows / Ubuntu, use the same boot mode: UEFI or BIOS.
If one is UEFI and other BIOS not work.

At the moment, for me is a good solution use 2 HD:
When i boot PC, start automatically Ubuntu, and if i want use Windows8, from boot menu (F12  for me) I choose HD which has windows 8.

All works properly!
Ok is not a practise solution, but works...


GTK3 and GTK2 tooltip background color difference

It looks to me like you're using different values for tooltip_bg_color in GTK2 and GTK3. In /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc you have #ffffaf, while in /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/settings.ini and /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk-main.css you have #f5f5c5.

If you want the lighter yellow (like your Firefox screenshot) in GTK3 apps, use #ffffaf in /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/settings.ini and /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk-main.css.


Temporarly enabling r/w does not disable system updates I have tried it:

sudo mount -o remount,rw

The Important thing to remember is that updates are based on a diffrence between images so this will likely cause some changes you do to be wiped or break after update (or worse, thus the scare and warning you might need to reflash) but in practice just installing ssh or another terminal utility should work fine.

Also apt works fine out of box once making the file system writable (tested on my mx4 and my m10), and there are arm repositories. I have installed things like fish shell and silversearcher for the terminal on mine, the only problem left is the size of the root partition to install extra stuff.


I had the network admin delete my account and remake it and that seemed to work now.

I don't know whether Kerberos automatically synced or anything after that but it worked!


How to check needed power supply for my PC?

If you want a real accurate measurement of power consumption, you need to measure actual current draw from the power supply with a tool like a WattsUp, while the system is under maximum load.

Optionally, just look at your power supply's wattage (e.g. 600 watts), add the wattage of all the stuff you also want on the UPS (screen, speakers, and so on) and buy a UPS that can handle slightly more than that. UPS are normally rated in VA (Volt Amperes) rather than watts but for this purpose they should be close enough. For instance if the total wattage from your appliances is  850 watts, a 1000-VA UPS should have you covered.


How can I extract the last X chars from a string variable?

It sounds like you're not using bash at all. I can only reproduce the error you show if I use dash instead of bash:

bash:

$ line="someline content"
$ echo ${line}
someline content
$ lastchars=${line: -5}
$ echo ${lastchars}
ntent

dash:

$ line="someline content"
echo ${line}
lastchars=${line: -5}
echo ${lastchars}
$ someline content
$ dash: 3: Bad substitution

Your shebang line is pointing to bash, but you are running the script with sh, so the shebang is ignored. /bin/sh on Ubuntu systems is actually dash, a minimal shell that doesn't support the syntax you are trying to use.

When using a shebang line, there's no reason to explicitly call a shell for the script, just make it executable (chmod a+x /path/to/script.sh) and run it without specifying an interpreter:

/path/to/script.sh

Alternatively, just use the right one:

bash /path/to/script.sh


Incorrect app icons for some icon themes

As it turns out, Gnome decided to change icon naming convention. This was done ~3 years ago. The change not only wasn't documented anywhere, but the old documentation still exist and is promoted, as if it was still actual. Sources:

https://github.com/xenlism/wildfire/issues/49
https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-shell/-/issues/3076

The only solution possible at this time is to either rename the existing icons, or create symlinks with new names to old icons. That's possible to do by using the bash script from the first link above, or by slightly modifying the gen.py script from Numix Core project:
https://github.com/numixproject/numix-core


20.04.1 offline installation of 'make' to compile network driver

I recently had a similar problem, installing a dkms wifi driver. Here's how I did it:
I had a working Ubuntu system, wombat, connected to the internet.
I also had bk, with Ubuntu installed, but no internet. The driver for its wifi chip was available via dkms, which required compiling.
I used a USB key and SneakerNET, along with this process.
On wombat, download the .deb package for the driver with apt download, storing it on the USB key.
AGAIN:
Move the USB key to bk, and sudo dpkg -i *.deb.
If/when that fails, save the error log to the USB key.
Move the USB key back to wombat, use apt download to download the missing packages, saving the .deb files to the USB key.
Go back to AGAIN.
Eventually, after 3-5 iterations, you'll have downloaded the original driver, its dependencies and their dependencies and ...
The sudo dpkg -i *.deb will succeed, and we're done.


ubuntu sdk html5 applicaitons miss some basic effcts of normal html in web browsers!

When creating new HTML5 Apps, make sure you have a recent version of the ubuntu-html5-container and ubuntu-html5-ui-toolkit. I recommend you take the version 0.1.2+14.04.20140219-0ubuntu1~ubuntu13.10.1~ppa1 or newer.

In particular, please ensure that your app files are located in the www directory (both index.html files and JS files) as we recently had to shift things over to this directory, to accommodate the optional cordova runtime.

The Ubuntu HTML5 skeleton app and container have been synced to work this way. To migrate from a previous template, just move files over to www. You can leave the configuration files like manifest and json files at the root of the directory.

Last, the hover events may not be available right now due to the webview we are using (QtWebkit, with an admitted bias towards touch apps). This is a bug for the convergence case, so please file one on launchpad.net/ubuntu-htm5-theme (that's still the source package for our main HTML5 toolkit). Thanks


How to remove app permissions to change microphone settings?

How I resolved it: I created a script called alsactl.py that listens alsactl monitor events. If any event is shooted, it means that something changed the configuration. After this, automatically executes alsactl -f [alsactl_restore_conf_path] restore to return the custom configuration.
I published on GitHub: https://github.com/Kafels/AlsaMixerFreeze
If anybody wants to improve, feel free to create pull request. This script was made to solve my own problem, I wasn't thinking to provide him as generic script to the community.


Its a fairly common problem with Ubuntu, you probably have all of the dependencies needed, but for unknown reasons Canonical adds the word ubuntu to most lib files.

An easy work around is to do an online search for ligGL.1, NOT IN THE SOFTWARE CENTRE, download and install IT.

It will then work, as it's what I had to do from 13.05 on.


Correctly all this is done with the help of xkbcomp. The name of the utility, like the man to it, gives little information about what it does. Allegedly translates text descriptions of the keyboard layout into a binary format. But in fact, it also loads them.
Reading https://lampjs.wordpress.com/2015/06/26/remapchange-your-secondaryusb-keyboard-keys/    https://geekhack.org/index.php?topic=53137.0

more  https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/xorg/2014-April/056564.html
https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/xorg/2014-April/056565.html


ssh key validation not working/ ssh: connect to host *** port 22: Connection refused

You can supply -v (verbose) option in your SSH connection to see what is happening under the hood. The debug message will provide some pointers for figuring out the root cause.

When copying the public key, you can type the command as follows.

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh -v justin@SERVER-IP "mkdir -p ~/.ssh && chmod 700 ~/.ssh && cat >>  ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"

Please note that public key copy command above missed the part to set the authorized_keys permission to 600.

If you generate the key pair using this command:

ssh-keygen -t rsa

The private and public key will use default algorithm (RSA), default key length (2048) and stored with default names (~/.ssh/id_rsa for the private key and ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) for the public key. You shall not alter the file name, otherwise the client will fail the key exchange during the SSH handshake.

The error message ssh: connect to host 142.93..*** port 22: Operation timed out indicates network issue rather than an issue with the SSH authentication.

If you want to understand the details of passwordless SSH authentication at the protocol level and also how to set it up, this article may be helpful.


I can't tell if OverlayFS is an actual filesystem I need to create on
  the disk images with mkfs -t xxx /path/to/raw/disk/image, or is a
  special mounting method and the raw disk images are actually using
  something like ext4, but they are mounted in a special way with mount
  -t OverlayFS?

One does not need to run any mkfs command for overlayFS, it is just a way of mounting.

  Once mounted I believe that I should still be able to see my already
  existing files and any files I now create will actually be stored
  inside the filesystem1.img file that I could possibly move to another
  system?

Yes, for a more detailed explanation of how OverlayFS works, you may wish to refer to "Docker and OverlayFS in practice".

Examples

Creating an overlay mount can be done purely with directories if desired as demonstrated here:

cd /tmp
mkdir lower upper workdir overlay
sudo mount -t overlay -o \
lowerdir=/tmp/lower,\
upperdir=/tmp/upper,\
workdir=/tmp/workdir \
none /tmp/overlay

You can throw in [virtual] block devices with their own filesystems (of any kind) to act as the lower and upper filesystems if you desire. The only restriction is that the "workdir" needs to be an empty directory within the same filesystem as the upperdir. An example using a filesystem for both the upperdir and lowerdir can be shown below:

cd /tmp

# Create the necessary directories.
mkdir lower upper overlay

# Lets create a fake block device to hold our "lower" filesystem
dd if=/dev/zero of=lower-fs.img bs=4096 count=102400
dd if=/dev/zero of=upper-fs.img bs=4096 count=102400

# Give this block device an ext4 filesystem.
mkfs -t ext4 lower-fs.img
mkfs -t ext4 upper-fs.img

# Mount the filesystem we just created and give it a file
sudo mount lower-fs.img /tmp/lower
sudo chown $USER:$USER /tmp/lower
echo "hello world" >> /tmp/lower/lower-file.txt

# Remount the lower filesystem as read only just for giggles
sudo mount -o remount,ro lower-fs.img /tmp/lower

# Mount the upper filesystem
sudo mount upper-fs.img /tmp/upper
sudo chown $USER:$USER /tmp/upper

# Create the workdir in the upper filesystem and the
# directory in the upper filesystem that will act as the upper
# directory (they both have to be in the same filesystem)
mkdir /tmp/upper/upper
mkdir /tmp/upper/workdir

# Create our overlayfs mount
sudo mount -t overlay -o \
lowerdir=/tmp/lower,\
upperdir=/tmp/upper/upper,\
workdir=/tmp/upper/workdir \
none /tmp/overlay

The examples above are taken from my blog post on using overlayfs.

Nesting OverlayFS

  ... another raw disk image and mount this one on top of the other
  one we just created. Do I do this as a second mount command that is
  executed after mount command we ran in the previous example, or can I
  possibly specify both mounts in one go?

You can nest overlayFS. For example, you can nest the example above as the lowerdir to another overlayFS system by running:

mkdir -p /tmp/upperdir2/upper /tmp/upperdir2/workdir /tmp/overlay2
sudo mount -t overlay -o \
lowerdir=/tmp/overlay,\
upperdir=/tmp/upperdir2/upper,\
workdir=/tmp/upperdir2/workdir \
none /tmp/overlay2

When Ubuntu gets kernel 4.0+, we should be able to combine multiple lower directories in a single command by using the colon character as a separator like so:

sudo mount -t overlay -o \
lowerdir=/tmp/lower:/tmp/lowest,\
upperdir=/tmp/upper,\
workdir=/tmp/workdir \
none /tmp/overlay

In this case, you do not have two workdirs but one, and you keep the same merged path of /tmp/overlay. The lower directories will be stacked from right to left. You can also omit upperdir= entirely, which results in a readonly mount.


`sudo` asks for password even when I have no password set?

If you must remove the need for a password to use sudo, you can edit the /etc/sudoers file using sudo visudo command.

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

and add NOPASSWD:ALL for sudoers group as shown above


After update 15.04 to 15.40 VLC app did not work

The ppa you used to install VLC does not have binaries for Ubuntu 15.10.

You can disable this PPA and install VLC from official repositories:

sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:videolan/stable-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc


Repairing Unity after using Compiz and installing Lubuntu desktop

So you've sudo apt-get remove --purge lubuntu* and apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-destkop already, but some of the CCSM you did before are probably still lingering around.

So I would:

Take a system back-up (Read this Q&a)
Take a file backup (if your /home is on a separate partition)
Remember that Ctrl+Alt+F7 brings you back here!

Go to TTY1 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1.
sudo apt-get purge ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get purge unity
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install unity
Ctrl+Alt+F7 to get back to the GUI login

Why? The purges will remove any lingering configuration settings and the installs will then reset everything to scratch

Warning This is for a plain Vanilla Ubuntu with Unity.  If you're running Kubuntu or Gubuntu, all bets are off! ;-)


You can install Gimp 2.8 via ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gimp

The plugins:

sudo apt-get install gimp-plugin-registry

see also this link on webupd8


How to install Ubuntu Without turning acpi off

But in this, I need to turn the ACPI off. I don't want to do that.

Why not?

  Since it's very important for a laptop, right?

Not really. "important" is a matter of opinion as it depends on what features you want to use on your notebook. You can use a notebook without ACPI.

Mind that the problem is a HARDWARE bug and the boot process nor the installer will be able to fix that. So during installation you turn it off. And after installation you investigate the issue and see if there is a a post-install fix for your issue.

ACPI means amongst others: autom. turn off devices like  a monitor, plug+play, setting clock speed from within the OS, stand by modes, power consumption things like that. Again: useful tools sure, but no one could live without. Without ACPI fans runs always so no on the temperature.

It will drain the battery quicker w/o ACPI sure so will affect its lifespan. The alternative is to not install Linux. Again: this is an issue during the initial installation. After that it is a matter of finding the correct tweaks for your specific situation.


How can I connect applications running with WINE to the internet?

I use TeamViewer with WINE. Internet connection is readily available. I think WINE handles it transparently.

To investigate the problem, open a terminal, and type

$ wine path_to_the_program

you will see some informative output with warnings and errors, that might help.


Samba: how can I access a share on a Virtualbox guest (in NAT mode)

Configure a second adapter as host only, set the second interface on the VM to static ip that does not interfere with your local network(s), e.g.,
set /etc/network/interfaces to:

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

# The host network interface
#auto eth1
#iface eth1 inet dhcp
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
   address 192.168.36.2
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   network 192.168.36.0
   gateway 192.168.36.1
   dns-nameservers 192.168.36.1

Then go to its properties from windows networking and set a static ip that does not interfere with your local network(s), e.g.:


best distribution for classroom instruction

Azure is just a cloud platform, meaning what you will see is a virtual machine that you can SSH into and do stuff in.

With that in mind, a good starting point for you to get familiar with it is using the Ubuntu cloud images:

http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/

These will provide a usable, cloud-customized base installation for you to work from.

Whether it's desktop or server is not too important; you will be able to install packages using the standard tools (e.g. sudo apt-get install build-essential should install the basics for you to compile and run programs written in C). You can install editors, other languages, and pretty much anything you need here.

About the only reason why I'd advise against choosing a desktop install is that you don't need it. If people are going to be mainly SSHing in, then a desktop install will just waste resources on a desktop that nobody will ever see.


No sound in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. Official troubleshooting does not work

Hope this helps!
1st method
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshooting
Try everysingle step and let me know what's wrong
2nd method
Try taking them out and pluging them back in and select the default option that
shows on ubuntu then your headphones should work
3rd method
here's one that can help too!
Upgrading from 14.04 to 14.10: Error! The dkms.conf for this module includes a BUILD_EXCLUSIVE directive which does not match this kernel/arch.
JoKeR's answer should help
4th method
try this one instead http://forums.fedoraforum.org/showthread.php?t=300416
there are some answer's that can probally help you


Diablo 2 installer in WINE hangs on EULA (EULA blank and cannot click on Agree)

On further research, it turns out that WINE needs Wine Gecko to display HTML, and for some reason this is not shipped by default.

Go here to download the latest Wine Gecko (32 bit):
https://wiki.winehq.org/Gecko

Install it like this:

wine msiexec /i wine_gecko-2.47-x86.msi

Afterwards the installer will show the EULA and allow to proceed.


How can I extend the partition of Ubuntu when it's installed on the last partition?

It appears that the unallocated space could be made into another partition and called sda3. If you installed ubuntu in that space it would be bigger than what you have now. You can also resize the extended partition (sda4); see How to Expand , Resize "extended partition"? . You will need to boot into a live distribution to make these changes since they affect your root partition.


While MP4 can contain many different codecs, Kazam's codecs are quite straight forward. It's h.264.

This is a fairly universal codec these days but I wouldn't be surprised if you still needed to download a decoder codec for Windows.


As far as I know, the best way to do this is to download the mint .iso, and use Startup Disk Creator (pretty sure it's part of default) to create a bootable usb/cd. From there, you will install it normally, and specify to only install it on sdb1.


It might be a problem with the USB suspend power-saving feature.

If you have powernap installed, this might help:

sudo powernap-action --disable usb_autosuspend

Without powernap, you could try disabling the autosuspend feature in the usbcore module:

echo "options usbcore autosuspend=0" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/usbcore

You'll probably have to reboot (or unload and re-load the module, but good luck with that if you're using a USB keyboard) to see if the change is effective.

If it doesn't help, do the following to clean up:

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/usbcore


Kernel panic trying to boot 4.4.0-146-generic after apt upgrade on 16.04.6

Try to boot your Linux from the live CD/DVD, into the recovery mode prompt, then check your root fs, e.g.

fsck /dev/your_drive

Note: Add -y to fix any errors automatically.

Or:

chroot /mnt/sysimage
fsck -y /dev/mapper/dom0_root

Source: Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block.


How to enable HDMI out with an Nvidia 310M?

just in case it may help others:

I couldn get any sound using HDMI (graphic card: Nvidia Geforce GT 220) on Ubuntu11.10.

I clicked on System Settings/Additional Drivers.

Then select "NVIDIA accelerated graphics driver" and click activate.

After it's been downloaded and installed, reboot.

Then System Settings/Sound
- Hardware: Select HDMI. Profile: Digital Stereo (HDMI) nr 2 Output  -->>Important to select the profile.
- Output: HDMI.


KGraphViewer

It is: http://extragear.kde.org/apps/kgraphviewer/

Available: http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=kgraphviewer

Asking backports: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports

DIY - if you want it now
(from the Utopic to the Trusty)

At here installed:

build-essential
fakeroot
dpkg-dev
cmake
debhelper
kdelibs5-dev
libphonon-dev

Downloading http://packages.ubuntu.com/utopic/kgraphviewer :

kgraphviewer_2.1.90-0ubuntu1.dsc
kgraphviewer_2.1.90.orig.tar.xz
kgraphviewer_2.1.90-0ubuntu1.debian.tar.xz

Unpacking with the command:

dpkg-source -x *.dsc

Compiling:

dpkg-buildpackage -b -rfakeroot -us -uc

Missing dependencies:

  dpkg-checkbuilddeps: Unmet build dependencies: kdepimlibs5-dev
  libboost1.55-dev libgraphviz-dev

Installing those and trying again...

There are packages:

kgraphviewer-dbg_2.1.90-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
kgraphviewer-dev_2.1.90-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
kgraphviewer_2.1.90-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
libkgraphviewer2_2.1.90-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Installing the kgraphviewer and then the libkgraphviewer2.

Seems to work at here...


Running the scala interactive shell from the command line

The version of Scala that you installed does not work with the version of Java that you installed.

Scala works well with Java 8. You probably have installed Java 9. The solution is to uninstall Java and install Java 8.

There are more issues with trying to use Java 9 or newer with Scala. Oracle has started changing the packaging and licensing for Java which means that some classes (imports) that Scala requires do not exist in Java SE 9+. Some have been moved to Java EE and some are deprecated. Stay with Java 8 with Scala.


16.10 Lightdm failed to start session with i3

Okay so I finally got this working by taking the following steps.

1) Clean install of ubuntu (minimal or server)

2) sudo apt-get install lightdm i3

3) sudo reboot

4) Try to login at LightDM screen get the failed to start session error

5) Hit TAB + ENTER to access session picker (my mouse doesn't work until I install drivers but you could use yours) and 're-select' i3

6) Try to login again, this time it boots to a black screen

7) Use CTRL + ALT + F1 to get to a tty and run sudo reboot

8) Login using LightDM and the i3 config wizard starts and I am able to use my desktop.

I am guessing that step 5-6 are setting the session and creating any necisary files that for some reason do not exist and after that point it is easy to login.


I always use netstat -putan for that. It's easy to remember.

-p: Show the PID and name of the program to which each socket belongs.
-u: Show udp sockets
-t: Show tcp sockets
-a: Show both listening and non-listening sockets.
-n: Show numerical addresses instead of trying to determine symbolic host, port or user names.

Output looks like this:

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2307/sshd
...


What output do you expect? I ran your command on an old random DVD rip of mine and found the bitrates were a little too high but the image size and rate were right.

But you have to remember that the numbers you give are compression goals, not limits. If you want to go further, you need to lower the framesize, frame rate or sample rate (for audio). And even then, some codecs just have too much overhead to go that low.

HandBrakeCLI -i input.avi -o out.mp4 -e x264 -r 15 -b 128 -B 32 -R44.1 -X 320 -Y 140

That got me a fair bit closer (computed 123 kbps video, 60kbps audio) but past that you're going to get really horrible results. They're already fairly crappy.


Ubuntu 14.04 Pulseaudio in HDMI sound crackling

This one helped me: [Static and crackling in my HDMI audio?]: Static and crackling in my HDMI audio?

edit

/etc/pulse/default.pa

look for

load-module module-udev-detect

add tsched=0

load-module module-udev-detect tsched=0

reboot


It seems to be like missing system GNU C Compiler. Installing gcc-z9 solved the issue.


What KDE Konqueror plugin is this "display module for comic book"?

It is part of Okular Comic Book format generator.
Check the search results on GitHub.
On old systems it was provided by okular and okular-kde4 packages.
On modern systems by the okular package.


Then you need to do an apt-pinning, to prevent future updates:

Create a new file in /etc/apt/preferences.d/ (if Ubuntu >= 10.4) named after your program, with following entry:

Package: program
Pin: version 1.2.3*
Pin-Priority: 1000

assuming, you know that your programs version, you want to freeze, is 1.2.3


Wifi connection slows down when bluetooth speaker is connected

You can enable BT coexistence in the ath9k module.

Run in a terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf <<< "options ath9k btcoex_enable=1"

and reboot.

This helps in most cases. The ath9k BT coex algorithm is good. It is a shame that it isn't enabled by default yet.


How to change DPI in Ubuntu GNOME 14.04?

You probably want to check out:
How to adjust DPI in 14.04

What you did was download the source for gnome-settings-daemon, and edit the config from that source. This doesn't affect anything since the things in your source folder aren't used by your system. It would only work if you compiled it and overwrote the relevant files in your system, but don't do that since it would probably break many things and is bad practice - it's a bad way of configuring things. If you really wanted to configure stuff in Linux, it's best you use configuration files.

An example of config file (but this is most likely not what you want to fix your DPI problem): https://help.gnome.org/admin/gdm/stable/configuration.html.en#daemonconfig


First Tick of Quotation Mark Dark in Gnome Terminal

GNOME Terminal just uses Pango for font rendering, as pretty much all GTK+ apps.

The fonts it uses are vector fonts, which look great at somewhat larger sizes, yet at tiny sizes issue like this can appear. The glyphs are imagined to be drawn on a surface of much higher resolution, then downscaled and antialiased to the requested size.

When downscaled, the difference between the horizontal offset of the two ticks probably becomes a non-integer, let's say 2.2 pixels (or any other value). Due to this non-integer offset, antialiasing produces different mapping into actual screen pixels.

Let's take a similar, but hypothetical example. Let character cells be 6 pixels wide, and the " symbol defined as two rectangles in the font. Imagine that gnome-terminal first draws the symbol on a canvas which is 6 * 1024 = 6144 pixels wide, each pixel becomes "on" (foreground color) of "off" (background color), no values in between. The first tick happens to fall from coordinates (0-based) 1024 to 2047, while the second ones happens to fall from 3300 to 4323.

Now let's scale down by a factor of 1024. The first tick exactly falls on pixel 1 (0-based, that is, "second" pixel), no antialiasing required. The given pixel will be exactly of the color of your foreground, and its adjacent pixels will be exactly of the color of your background.

The second tick falls partially (78%) on pixel 3, partially (22%) on pixel 4. So, how should these pixels be lit up? Read up on antialiasing as well as subpixel rendering to understand some of the tricks done here, but no matter what you do from software, it cannot be made look as sharp as the one that falls exactly on a pixel.

xterm supports (and defaults to) bitmap fonts, fonts that don't have antialiasing, each pixel is exactly either of the foreground or of the background color. Each of these fonts was designed for a particular size, and not meant to be scaled.

I don't think GNOME Terminal ever supported bitmap fonts. It used to have an option to disable antialiasing, but no longer has that either. (It might still be available using some Pango or Fontconfig magic, I don't know.)

A few ideas to mitigate the problem:

Choose a terminal emulator that supports bitmap fonts. (As a GNOME Terminal developer I personally don't recommend this option :-D.)
Try other fonts.
Use color schemes of higher contrast (e.g. avoid dark blue on black).
Increase the font size.
If (or whenever) feasible, replace your monitor with a better resolution one. (For example, my 15" laptop with 1366x768 resolution died about a year ago, and bought a 15" 1920x1080 one. This made a true difference, I'd never go back to the lower resolution. And this is still nowhere near cutting edge available on the market.)


You seems to have a bit of misunderstanding. At first, if you can connect to the internet, then you already have drivers for that modem, and they're working. The drivers have nothing to do with making phone calls via modem, they're only provide networking.

I guess you have GSM modem, right? Hypothetically you can do calls with AT commands, but I'm pretty sure, you wouldn't want doing that by hand ☺ You can try Modem Manager GUI. Or you could try to get to work the app, which is shipped with modem, through wine. I think, there should be a way to get it work, because working with GSM modem from the user level boils down to sending AT commands with data into a serial port (COMx in Windows, also there's nothing wrong with the fact that the modem is actually USB — it's just virtual serial port being created). Though I think it could be not that easy.

Consider also sending a mail into ZTE of why aren't they ship the GNU/Linux GUI. Be intrusive — the more attention everyone brings, the more possibility they would start building GNU/Linux GUI too.

And just for the check: no, you can't install drivers with wine. Wine supposed to be a user level app. Specifically for Windows network drivers, there's ndiswrapper, though.


Unity top panel flickering with fullscreen WINE apps

I found the solution - In CompizConfig Setting Manager go to "Composite" and check "Unredirect fullscreen windows". Hope this helps others having the same problem.


If you deleted the driver by uninstalling a package, and you know the name of the package, you can download and install the .deb file manually. Just go to  http://packages.ubuntu.com/, enter the name of the package and the distribution ("precise" in your case). The actual .deb file can be downloaded after you click on the name of the package in the search results, the scroll to the bottom and select architecture, and then select a mirror to download from - the interface is a bit confusing but its doable.

Then move the .deb file to your Ubuntu and install it using

sudo dpkg -i package_name.deb

if you deleted the driver by physically deleting some files, and you remember the names of the files, you can find which packages contain those files using "Search the contents of packages" form on that page.

Additionally, the package you need may already be in the /var/cache/apt/archives so you don't even need to download it.


I had dbeaver-ce_xxx, and I tried both of:

sudo dpkg --purge dbeaver

sudo dpkg --purge dbeaver-ce_xxx

Both got the same result. It was not removed.

However, if (also per Aditya's suggestion) I tried just:

sudo dpkg --purge dbeaver-ce

Then it was removed.

Granted, I had to remove some folders under /usr/share/dbeaver, but that was only because I had put some files there that were not in the original installation.

Just a data point. Maybe it will help with dbeaver-ee.


Synaptic is aware only of deb packages. Synaptic does not maintain it's own package database - it uses the same apt and dpkg database used by apt, aptitude, dpkg, and other deb-based managers. If you install a deb package using any of these tools, you can uninstall it using any other of these tools.

Synaptic (nor any other apt-based application) cannot detect flatpacks, snaps, pips, wheels, compiled, or any other type of package or method of installing...since those are not deb packages.

Ubuntu does not have any single application that can see all the possible methods of installing software. In this open-source environment, somebody can add a whole new method tomorrow without checking with any gatekeeper. It's up to you, the user, to keep track of the methods you use to install and to use the appropriate tool for that method.


How to solve 'System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1).'? I can't reboot Ubuntu

I have/had a similar problem when trying to install Docker using Docker's instructions to install on Linux (https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-use-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04) or (https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/ubuntu/#install-docker-ce-1).

The solution is to install Docker using the Windows installation process then linking your Windows Subsystem for Linux to the Windows Docker.  As I understand, the reason for the failure is lack of access from the Windows Subsystem to files needed by docker, which are ultimately on Windows.  The solution circumvents this. Hope this helps!

https://blog.jayway.com/2017/04/19/running-docker-on-bash-on-windows/


So I finally got things working on an Ubuntu 14.04 server. Here's what the final, working /etc/init/bitcoind.conf looks like:

description "bitcoind"

start on filesystem
stop on runlevel [!2345]
oom score -500
expect fork
respawn
respawn limit 10 60 # 10 times in 60 seconds

script
    user=bitcoind
    home=/home/$user
    cmd=$home/bin/bitcoind
    pidfile=$home/bitcoind.pid
    # Don't change anything below here unless you know what you're doing
    [[ -e $pidfile && ! -d "/proc/$(cat $pidfile)" ]] && rm $pidfile
    [[ -e $pidfile && "$(cat /proc/$(cat $pidfile)/cmdline)" != $cmd* ]] && rm $pidfile
    exec start-stop-daemon --start -c $user --chdir $home --pidfile $pidfile -m --startas $cmd
end script

It was basically just a lot of guess and check work to get this working. Here's the important bit:

expect fork

Essentially, this is telling upstart how many times the target process will be forked while starting. If you tell it wrong, it'll hang while starting. Read here for the specifics on this.

One other, minor change:

oom score -500

Instead of:

oom never

Not such a critical change, but after reading about upstart a bit and from seeing a suggestion in a stackoverflow answer, oom never should almost never be used. See here for more info.


Both of them can be changed in Compiz Config Settings Manager.

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

To change color of Workspace Switcher, the settings you need to change is under Expo settings.

After changing the color the expo looks like this:

 2. To change this one, you need to go to Grid settings under Window Management. You can search these in the Search bar to find them.

After changing this one, the highlight will look like this:

These are some extra settings you can configure to change the appearance even better:

To change the color of Window Resize:

To change the color of Wall when you change the workspace:

These are some other questions which help you in changing the other settings (removing the orange color completely):

How to change color of unity workspace border, and window resize

How do I change the colors of the Ambiance & Radiance themes?

How to change the color of the scroll bar?

How do I set the background color/pattern in a Nautilus window?

How do I change the "Selected Items" color?

I think you might have already installed Ubuntu Tweak and MyUnity. These two combined with Compiz Config Settings Manager will make you get pure control over your desktop using GUI.


How can I bring back icons on the notification to the sytem tray area?

The answer at this similar question of running sudo apt-get install sni-qt:i386 and then starting skype worked for me just a few mins ago. And I'm on x64 - I didn't need to change to a 64-bit specific version.


Problem installing Ubuntu SDK IDE on MATE 16.04

The Ubuntu SDK IDE and many of its tools are not supported at the moment. While the lxd issues might be fixable, you will run into more problems down the road.

If you're looking to create applications for Ubuntu Touch, the recommended tool is clickable, a simple but powerful and easy-to-use CLI tool. Clickable can build and package Ubuntu Touch applications, and you can choose to install them on a connected Ubuntu Touch device or run them directly on your desktop.

To install clickable on Ubuntu:

Add the PPA to your system.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bhdouglass/clickable

Update your package lists.

sudo apt-get update

Install clickable.

sudo apt-get install clickable

Configure docker for clickable.

clickable setup-docker

If you already have a project set up and ready to go, just run clickable in the root of the project. If not, read this for information on how to get started.

If you really really want to use the SDK, you might want to check out the virtual machine download in this Ubuntu Touch programming course, but I recommend using clickable.

If you don't care about Ubuntu Touch, just use QtCreator, which the Ubuntu SDK was based on.


Ok, so that was me being an idiot

GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`

was missing the quote mark off the end of it - must have made a mistake while editing the file. All sorted now, and the back light is working from the keys.

thanks @braiam for your help.


Set grub as bootloader when windows default bootloader is deleted

Have you tried running boot repair CD? It reinstall GRUB and configures it. You can find a live image here : http://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/


A newly created user is unable to access sound devices

xfce4-session-settings

Control, if pulseaudio is starting with session. If not add it.


How to know which version of Certbot is installed?

14.04 and 16.04 systems (and NOT using the PPA):

Ubuntu Trusty and Ubuntu Xenial both do not have certbot installed by default.  To get Certbot, you had to be using the Certbot PPA maintained by the Certbot developers.

If you are not using the PPA (which you would have installed using sudo add-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbot), you don't have Certbot.

To get Certbot, you should read through the instructions on the Certbot Website by choosing your specific release, and then follow the guide to set up Let's Encrypt.

14.04/16.04 systems using the PPA, or Ubuntu 17.10 or later:

  At the time of this post, Ubuntu releases 16.10 and 17.04 are past End of Life and not included for this answer.

As of 17.10 (and potentially earlier, see my note above), Certbot is included in the repositories.

And if you are on older Ubuntu (14.04 or 16.04), and you are using the PPA, then certbot is available.

To find the version of Certbot installed, you can use apt-cache policy certbot | grep Installed to get the information, as shown below (note that the version information shown below is accurate as of April 10, 2018 at 12:18, on a brand new 'certbot' installation):

$ apt-cache policy certbot | grep -i Installed
  Installed: 0.22.2-1+ubuntu16.04.1+certbot+1

As you can see, version 0.22.2 is installed on this computer here, which is a 16.04 machine using the Certbot PPA.


Set Settings → Region and Language → Input Sources to English (US).

I was facing the same problem when my Input Sources were set to English (UK). After changing it to English (US), the keyboard behavior was normal and I was getting "#" when Shift+3 was being pressed.


While upgrading my Ubuntu from 18.04 to 20.04 it stopped responding and I forced it to restart and it is showing error

A release-upgrade is the worst possible time for a crash or interruption. Your system may be left unbootable (like yours).
The easy way to fix it is to boot a 20.04 installer and reinstall Ubuntu. Don't erase your disk, just install 20.04 in the existing filesystem.

Warning: If you mistakenly choose to erase your disk, you will delete all your personal files, mail, browser profiles, and other data, likely irretrevably.

A more complex and slower way to fix it is to boot a LiveUSB into the "Try Ubuntu" environment, mount the disk, chroot into the broken system, and then run an apt dist-upgrade.


How do I prevent the cursor from going to a monitor that is turned off?

You may Try CMD + P key to disable another monitor.

OR
Open Display Configuration in System Settings and look at following Screenshot.


How can I give a user permission to open low port numbers?

You can allow specific programs (not users) to open privileged ports:

setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' /path/to/executable

As for restricting access to certain ports, see Allow/Deny a user from binding a range of ports.


How to play MKV videos in Mozilla FIrefox?

Unfortunately its simply not supported.

There is bug on Mozilla's Bugzilla - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1422891 but without much of progress here.


How do you use a ubuntu flash drive to boot the computer

To boot from a Ubuntu live USB drive:
Insert the flash drive
Start/restart the machine
Go into the BIOS
Change the boot order so that the USB drive is the first boot device.

I faced the same question a few weeks ago. Google and perhaps greater familairity with BIOS settings than you, resolved the problem for me. It's common for older BIOSes not to offer the USB drive as a boot option unless there's a bootable drive inserted into the USB port, and this seems to be quite a common source of confusion.

Your question reveals that you have misunderstood something about how the BIOS works or what it is - Windows XP does not display a message when you go into the BIOS, as Windows XP is not loaded when you enter the BIOS. I can't guess what that misunderstaning might be, but it may be that this is the source of your problem. I'd suggest reading up a bit on what a BIOS is and does.


Upgrade Juju from 1.25 to 2.0 ERROR No model in focus

At the moment there is no upgrade path from Juju 1.25 to Juju 2.0

What happened is that the default Juju executable moved to 2.0 from 1.25.

If you definitely want to use Juju 2.0, you will have to destroy your cloud and controller, and add the MAAS credentials afresh to Juju 2.0.

To stay on 1.25, you'll have to select 1.25 as your default Juju:
https://jujucharms.com/docs/2.1/juju-coexist

To use Juju 2.0, you'll have to add MAAS credentials to Juju:
https://jujucharms.com/docs/2.0/clouds-maas.


Erro install PECL ID3 tag support module for PHP

The id3 module was last updated in 2004.  The PHP/Zend API has changed several times from that date, so the module cannot be used with most recent PHP.

You can either fix it yourself, ask the author, or hire somebody to do it for you.

However I would suggest to just use some external tool to read/write ID3 tags from PHP using the system/exec/...


Fuzzy, blown out sound on speakers only in Chrome

I had this problem last night. It had something to do with audio power saving or something. This worked for me. Add the following to the end of /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

options snd-hda-intel power_save=0 power_save_controller=N

I hope it works for you.


Kernel Update past 5.0.0-25-generic breaks wifi on Dell Laptop

dkms status shows us:

bcmwl, 6.30.223.271+bdcom, 5.0.0-25-generic, x86_64: installed

the bcmwl wi-fi module is only built for kernel 5.0.0-25.

Any manual or UKUU kernel update would require a manual dkms add/build/install to build it for the newer kernel.

re: "Software updater offered 5.2.9 and 5.2.10 but when installed no wifi adapter was found".

Software Updater would never offer these kernels, unless you've modified your repos, or unless you mean UKUU.


Is it possible to "Lock" a window in place?

I believe this is as close as you'll get for that kind of control of windows.
Devilspie and gDevilspie


How to open a new Terminal with shell prompt and running multiple commands in Command Line?

Syntax is :

gnome-terminal -x bash -c "[COMMAND 1]; [COMMAND 2]; exec $SHELL"

Got from these articles: unix.stackexchange,stackoverflow.com and tested.


How to make a textbox update brightness level?

This is a great question. It's mostly covered by using the information on the widgets in awesome page. I havent set it up myself, but intend to use the same concepts for other functions. I'd use a combination of awful.widget.progressbar (brightness level is 0-100%). If you wanted to use your textbox, you can. add a signal to a timer widget that updates the text property of your textbox or use the set_value() if you want to use the Progressbar. Checkout the large list of lua extensions that are packaged as libraries. There may be one that already does what you want or something very similar.


How to access the root account home folder?

You can not access root from guest account. Rather you can try to login to a virtual console. For that you need to hit Ctrl+Alt+F1 at your login screen.

At virtual console to login into the CLI enter your username and password. To move to root accounts home folder use the following commands,

$ sudo -i

Check the present directory using the command

$ pwd
/root

Now delete at your wish using the following command,

rm -ri <folder>  # To delete folder
rm -i <file>  # To delete file


Try:

sudo eject /dev/sr0

or

sudo eject /dev/sr1

I have this issue with my USB Nokia CS-15 Data stick.  It mounts as a CD drive, and until you "eject" the CD drive, it will not see the Data stick.

If your CD rom opens when you use SR0, then your card is most likely SR1.


Which package contains gstreamer-properties?

It was part of gnome-media package until Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. However "gnome-media" has been removed from Debian repositories at 2015 and afterward from Ubuntu.

Search for the package : results nothing


Using ubiquity for the Full disk encrypted install to disk on /dev/sdb instead of /dev/sda

If installing Ubuntu in UEFI boot mode to a second drive, either internal or external as full install, you need to have drive seen as sda gpt partitioned with an ESP - efi system partition, FAT32 formatted with boot flag, 100 to 500MB. You also want an ESP on the drive you install Ubuntu, but it may not be used, during install. Best to copy ESP boot files back to install drive if sda drive ever fails/is removed or other issues.

Grub seems to only want to install its UEFI boot files to an ESP on drive seen as sda. It may even say during install, installing to sdb, but will error out if no ESP on sda. Can be a bigger issue on a few systems where install flash drive is seen as sda.

Once you start using UEFI, best that all drives be gpt and every drive with an install has an ESP partition near beginning of drive. Since I also suggest an install on every drive, then every drive should have an ESP, even if just for future use.

Update for removeable drives:

Two drive or any second, external or other drive than sda.
Note that full install to any drive other than sda in UEFI mode has some issues. Grub only installs to the ESP - efi system partition on sda. And you then have to copy files to your install.

And Ubuntu's UEFI grub only installs to the ESP on sda, or not the external drive and not to /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi. For my PC UEFI full install to a flash drive I manually copied /EFI/ubuntu on sda's ESP to flash drive's ESP. Then copied it again to /EFI/Boot and renamed shimx64.efi to bootx64.efi. I then updated fstab to have correct UUID for ESP on external drive.

The version of grub in a full install is hard coded to find the rest of grub in /EFI/ubuntu so both copies are required. There are ways to directly install grub as bootx64.efi, but then you have to manually maintain grub.cfg.

And if you do not want UEFI entries on internal drive, after copying entries to external:

How do I remove "Ubuntu" in the bios boot menu? (UEFI)


In the "Language Support" dialog, drag your prefered language above "English". "English" must be last in the list.


setuptools must be installed to install from a source distribution

I don't understand the error what they are, but could manage to make it work.

I have used the following commands

sudo apt-get install python-pkg-resources=3.3-1ubuntu1
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools
pip install pywavelets

and it solved my problem.


How to write a script which works with or without arguments?

Several ways; the two most obvious are:

Put $1 in double quotes: if [ "$1" = "--test" ]
Check for number of arguments using $#

Better yet, use getopts.


You can find ndiswrapper on both ...

Launchpad
Packages.ubuntu

But you are probably wrong: mediatek offers officially support for kernel 3.13 and 3.14. There is a community addition for kernel 4.4

On ubuntuforums are instructions for a mediatek MT7630E with kernel 4.4.

You can find the driver on github. Download it, extract it and execute (assuming Downloads):

cd ~/Downloads/MT7630E-release
sudo chmod +x install
sudo ./install

inside the directory you got when extracting it. Wifi should show up in networkmanager and bluetooth should also be available.

If you need more help or more info also have a look at neurobin's github page.


Are there any advantages/disadvantages (if any?) in running luksFormat on raw drive (sdx) vs a partition (sdx1)?

Offhand, I'm thinking that if your using the entire device (/dev/sdb) and your LUKS header is at the start of the drive, and if some other tool or OS "helpfully" decides that your disk is unformatted with no MBR or GPT, if it were to overwrite your LUKS header that would be bad. If you were using a partition for LUKS then at least a new MBR or GPT wouldn't be as devastating.

You should always backup the LUKS header anyway, as the cryptsetup man page advises too.

And this is what the cryptsetup FAQ says about using "2.2 LUKS on partitions or on raw disks?" (it's long but I'll just paste it, mentions RAID & LVM can greatly complicate things, you may want to rethink using LVM on top of LUKS):

  This is a complicated question, and made more so by the availability of RAID and LVM. I will try to give some scenarios and
  discuss advantages and disadvantages. Note that I say LUKS for
  simplicity, but you can do all the things described with plain
  dm-crypt as well. Also note that your specific scenario may be so
  special that most or even all things I say below do not apply.

  Be aware that if you add LVM into the mix, things can get very complicated. Same with RAID but less so. In particular, data recovery
  can get exceedingly difficult. Only do so if you have a really good
  reason and always remember KISS is what separates an engineer from an
  amateur. Of course, if you really need the added complexity, KISS is
  satisfied. But be very sure as there is a price to pay for it. In
  engineering, complexity is always the enemy and needs to be fought
  without mercy when encountered.

  Also consider using RAID instead of LVM, as at least with the old superblock format 0.90, the RAID superblock is in the place (end of
  disk) where the risk of it permanently damaging the LUKS header is
  smallest and you can have your array assembled by the RAID controller
  (i.e. the kernel), as it should be. Use partition type 0xfd for that.
  I recommend staying away from superblock formats 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2
  unless you really need them. Be aware that you lose autodetection with
  them and have to fall back to some user-space script to do it.

  Scenarios:

  (1) Encrypted partition: Just make a partition to your liking, and put LUKS on top of it and a filesystem into the LUKS container. This
  gives you isolation of differently-tasked data areas, just as ordinary
  partitioning does. You can have confidential data, non-confidential
  data, data for some specific applications, user-homes, root, etc.
  Advantages are simplicity as there is a 1:1 mapping between partitions
  and filesystems, clear security functionality and the ability to
  separate data into different, independent (!) containers.

  Note that you cannot do this for encrypted root, that requires an initrd. On the other hand, an initrd is about as vulnerable to a
  competent attacker as a non-encrypted root, so there really is no
  security advantage to doing it that way. An attacker that wants to
  compromise your system will just compromise the initrd or the kernel
  itself. The better way to deal with this is to make sure the root
  partition does not store any critical data and move that to additional
  encrypted partitions. If you really are concerned your root partition
  may be sabotaged by somebody with physical access (that would however
  strangely not, say, sabotage your BIOS, keyboard, etc.), protect it in
  some other way. The PC is just not set-up for a really secure
  boot-chain (whatever some people may claim).

  (2) Fully encrypted raw block device: For this, put LUKS on the raw device (e.g. /dev/sdb) and put a filesystem into the LUKS
  container, no partitioning whatsoever involved. This is very suitable
  for things like external USB disks used for backups or offline
  data-storage.

  (3) Encrypted RAID: Create your RAID from partitions and/or full devices. Put LUKS on top of the RAID device, just if it were an
  ordinary block device. Applications are just the same as above, but
  you get redundancy. (Side note as many people seem to be unaware of
  it: You can do RAID1 with an arbitrary number of components in Linux.)
  See also Item 2.8.

  (4) Now, some people advocate doing the encryption below the RAID layer. That has several serious problems. One is that suddenly
  debugging RAID issues becomes much harder. You cannot do automatic
  RAID assembly anymore. You need to keep the encryption keys for the
  components in sync or manage them somehow. The only possible advantage
  is that things may run a little faster as more CPUs do the encryption,
  but if speed is a priority over security and simplicity, you are doing
  this wrong anyways. A good way to mitigate a speed issue is to get a
  CPU that does hardware AES.


You're running a 32-bit system, so you need to install the 32-bit package version, not the 64-bit one.

Do the following in the terminal:

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb

sudo dpkg -i ./google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb


Change file associations (not default applications) in Ubuntu Mate 16.04

I had the same problem after installing ProjectLibre on Ubuntu 16.04. The default file association for mpp files was Videos. The immediate solution was to use the Nautilus file explorer, right click on an mpp file, select Properties, then use the Open With tab to choose ProjectLibre as the default application for opening this file type.

But even after doing that, the system still showed mpp files as being Videos. To remove the mpp extension from that mime type, I had to edit the mime database:

in terminal, go to /usr/share/mime
grep <i>extension</i> *
the above command will show you which xml file(s) includes the extension in a mime type
edit the xml file with sudo and your editor of choice, search for the extension, and remove that line which will look like

<glob pattern="*.mpp"/>

you can then add that pattern to another mime type if you want to... in my case for mpp files, I removed the mpp pattern from the Videos type listed in freedesktop.org.xml, and added it to the application/x-projectlibre type listed in projectlibre.xml
sudo update-mime-database /usr/share/mime


Every other time I reboot, I loose my applications lens in Unity!

I had the same problem but with Version: 5.0.0~+bzr1825ubuntu0+611
I removed ~/.cache/software-center and it started working again.

Don't know if it is the right thing todo, but it seems to work at least.


How do I switch desktop session users from a shell script?

You need

dm-tool switch-to-user username

where username is the username of the user you want to switch to.


How to run application for a set time in shell

You might want to use the timeout command.

timeout -k 10s 30s command

which will run the command for 30s and kill it after 10s if still running. - Check the manpage for more options.


My Touchpad in Ubuntu Doesn't Work, tried to disable/enable using xinput but shows error

My answer is this: try to disable your touchpad from BIOS. The id of your tp is going to change randomly and disabling it by grepping from a shell script is really flaky.


Cpufrequtils not functioning after Intel P-State is Disabled

You do not need to disable the intel_pstate CPU frequency scaling driver.
It has a performance scaling governor (but that isn't actually relevant here).

Since you have disabled all the idle states except poll, all of your CPUs should always be always running at the maximum frequency anyhow, at least if your system can deal with all the heat generated (and it will be a lot of energy).

By the way, it is not true that the intel-pstate CPU frequency driver must be used, it is just the default and what Intel recommends. Anyone can use the acpi-cpufreq CPU scaling driver if they prefer. There is also passive mode for the intel_pstate driver, which provides all the same governors as the acpi-cpufreq driver. (However, I do not know if passive mode has been backported to whatever kernel is used in 14.04.)

Please be aware that support for 14.04 ends in about month.


Problems installing on Lenovo ideapad 100s-11iby

I also have a Lenovo Thinkpad 100 (not sure about the 's') and previously replaced the Win10 OS with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 64-bit (I've just upgraded to 16.04). I created a bootable USB using Universal USB Installer and booted from that (using the weird concealed boot button next to the headphone socket - I use an unfolded paperclip).

Hope that helps.


Before I upgraded to saucy, an ssh connection would prevent a shutdown started from X11

Check if the following entries in the file /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.consolekit.policy are set correctly. They handle the behavior of shutdown/restart requests via the PolicyKit daemon:

  <action id="org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.stop-multiple-users">
    <description>Stop the system when multiple users are logged in</description>
    <message>System policy prevents stopping the system when other users are logged in</message>
    <defaults>
      <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
      <allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
    </defaults>
  </action>

  <action id="org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.restart-multiple-users">
    <description>Restart the system when multiple users are logged in</description>
    <message>System policy prevents restarting the system when other users are logged in</message>
    <defaults>
      <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
      <allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
    </defaults>
  </action>

Both should be configured that allow_active statements show auth_admin_keep, which means that administrative user authentication is required to perform this action. Notice that when a user is in the administrative group (sudo, admin), this user CAN shutdown even if you are logged in.

You have 2 options: Remove the user from this group or set allow_active to no.


Juju bootstrap - 403 Forbidden "not allowed to start up this node"

I found a solution. I didn't specify a power type for my nodes. My nodes are vm and I didn't understand what the doc want me to do with the virsh type. So I chose "WOL". And for the time being, it works. Juju is deployed and I can deploy openstack services on my nodes.

Thx everyone for the help.


Ubuntu 20 Realtek audio combo jack external mic not being detected

I've been having the same issue for a few weeks and I found that the problem was that I had selected the wrong mode / audio profile. I use XUbuntu, but this should apply to vanilla Ubuntu. The correct profile is Analogue Stereo Duplex. In my case, the wrong one was Analogue Stereo Output which disables the inputs. I have the feeling I selected this by mistake once I plugged my laptop to an external monitor.
To fix it

Open a terminal and run pavucontrol.
Go to the Configuration tab.
Select the profile Analogue Stereo Duplex.

I hope this fixes the issue for you!


Ubuntu installer does not show any partition

You need unpartitioned free space in order to get the "Install Alongside Windows" option.  That means you need to use Disks or some other partition tool to prepare your disk to have a portion of the drive without a defined partition or file system.
You also need to boot the USB installation media in the same way as Windows is currently installed. For example, if Windows is a UEFI installation, you must boot the USB in UEFI mode, not BIOS or "compatibility".


Install Users and Groups by typing this into a terminal window:

sudo apt install gnome-system-tools
Open Users and Groups
Click on the user you want to move.  (Note:  You cannot move your own directory.  You must do it from another user account that has admin privileges.)
Click the Advanced Settings button.

Type in the admin password
Click on the Advanced tab.
Type the new home directory path in the Home Directory text box.
Click OK

Click the Copy Old Files button, and you are done.  I WOULD NOT delete the old directory yet.  Verify the new directory is working properly first.

Once you find everything is working good, you can then delete the old directory, if you so choose.


The problem that you're having is that by using ( ... ), you're running all of the commands in a sub-shell of the current process. As this subshell is a child process, no variables that you've assigned will be passed to the parent (your main script). This means that variable never reaches your tee command.

The solution is fairly simple, within your script you must assign the variable before you start the brackets, this variable will then be available to the tee command.

For example, if the file extension you wanted to add is .txt:

foo=txt
(
commands from fetch.sh
) | tee log."$foo"

Note that I've used double quotes, which the shell will expand, to make sure that, in the unlikely event that your extension contains spaces, it is still intact after expansion.

If you need to set foo from within fetch.sh, you will need to use another method of grouping your script's commands.


I've got it.

I had the same problem as MidnightHunter burning cd's. Try to disable the first option at the burning menu; something like Burn disk image directly without saving it
(My software is in Spanish, so maybe these aren't the correct words)


After a lot of experimenting, I did actually get it to work.  And in the process I have found out what search does and learned a lot about grub and the grub command line in the process.  It's not as difficult as it seems.

The problem with my entries is that i needed to prefix /boot/ to the filename for both multiboot & module entries.

I also found out that search does what I think it does.  It looks for the file or filesystem uuid (depending on option) and sets root to be the disk location & partition number.

So the initial set root='(hd0,1)' line is a bit redundant.  It seems as though it'll default to that if the search fails.


placed conf file in sites-avaialable, document file is there in /var/www/html, enabled site, made entry of domain name and ip in /etc/hosts

Most likely the default virtual host is overriding the virtual host you created. You can try to disable it using the following commands:

a2dissite 000-default.conf
service apache2 reload


Option 1: you can disown the process so it won't die when its parent (the terminal session) gets killed, by changing your command slightly:

LD_PRELOAD='/usr/$LIB/libstdc++.so.6' steam & disown

Option 2: you can edit the .desktop file for Steam to make its launcher use the command you normally use, so you can start it by clicking the icon instead of launching Steam from a terminal.

Open a terminal and type

cd /usr/share/applications

Make a backup copy of the .desktop file

sudo cp steam.desktop steam-bak

(you can restore the backup if needed by doing mv steam-bak steam.desktop) edit the original file:

sudo nano steam.desktop

find the first line that starts Exec= (you can use ctrl+w to search in nano) and edit the line so it says:

Exec=bash -c "LD_PRELOAD='/usr/$LIB/libstdc++.so.6' steam"

Save the file and exit (ctrl+o then enter then ctrl+x)


Link-Local Connection to Device Not Working

It appears your network settings are mis-configured.  RGS's comment is correct: by selecting a local link, you are ensuring a network connection will not work.  The IP address you've displayed that automatically works, is in the APIPA range.  This is not the drone you seek...I mean connection.
http://packetlife.net/blog/2008/sep/24/169-254-0-0-addresses-explained/

All you should need to do for a wired connection is plug it into the computer; Ubuntu does the rest. https://help.ubuntu.com/12.10/ubuntu-help/net-wired-connect.html

If you are trying to connect 2 computers directly to each other, I would recommend assigning a "static IP address" to the Ubuntu machine: https://help.ubuntu.com/12.10/ubuntu-help/net-manual.html

In that case, give the Ubuntu Machine the following settings:

IP Address: 169.254.146.89
Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
Default Gateway: 169.254.146.88 (or whatever it says for IP Address in the window of that print screen you posted, the point being for it to find the windows machine by it's IP Address)

To access your network settings:

1. From the Dash Home (Ubuntu start menu, also accessed by hitting the windows key)
   type network and hit Enter.
2. Select Wired/Wireless and turn it On.

You listed some very detailed information, which is good.  You did not give enough basic information though, such as:

1. How you are connecting: via a router, switch, modem, or directly to another computer.
2. Your desired network setup: DHCP, static, APIPA.
3. How many and what kind of devices you want to connect.

Ubuntu has some documentation aimed at walking you through setup.  Please read that before posting a question in the future. https://help.ubuntu.com/12.10/ubuntu-help/index.html


Problems installing Epson XP-432 on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Download epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.6.14-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb from

http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/?OSC=LX

Copy it to your Home folder, then run

sudo dpkg -i epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.6.14-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb
sudo apt install -f

The second command will intall lsb and other dependencies if they are not already installed.

Then install the printer from System Settings. It will find the driver.


How make to minimize app to tray on close

Using WhatsDesk downloadable from the Ubuntu Software Centre select Show/Hide WhatsDesk and then go to Tools and select Close Window and Exit and/or Skip Taskbar as required.


Why does Kubuntu and Xubuntu 16.04 LTS support end sooner than the official Ubuntu EOL date?

The Ubuntu BASE has a 5 year support on ALL releases specified as LTS. The distribution specific software (ie. LXDE desktop, KDE desktop) have a 3 year support -from Canonical-.

Also mind that those 5 years are divided into 2 parts:

2 1/2 years: hardware and maintenance
2 1/2 years: maintenance

The 3 year LTS versions are supposed to start to prepare the newly released LTS (since that one is released every 2 years).


Ubuntu doesnt load after installing windows 7

This must've been asked a million times on the site, but some quick searching didn't reveal the questions I know are here.

The short answers are:

Windows likes to pretend it's the only OS in the world, so installing it will always break any existing OS installs (next time, install Ubuntu last).
Windows will never recognize an ext4 partition (but Ubuntu will recognize NTFS just fine)

In any case, unless you told Windows to actually wipe it off the disk, Ubuntu is still there; you just need to re-set up the boot record/menu:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows

Update
As for accessing the linux partition from Windows, that is a question that's been asked on SuperUser

Most answers are very old, but this one was written this year. If you don't mind using non-free (but at no cost for personal use) software, maybe Paragon's software will help you:

https://superuser.com/a/756944/158390


Not able to install nvidia's BINARY DRIVERS

I would recommend using the Nvidia Drivers from the repositories as they tend to work better with the releases than the binary files from Nvidia, unless you want to run your system at the bleeding edge. If so, you might want to consider adding the Xorg-edgers PPA, which can provide that bleeding edge experience with purpose built .debs for install.

As to your particular issue, do you have DKMS and/or the kernel headers installed locally? If you do not, you will need to install them in order to build the kernel modules for the driver and have it installed successfully.

HTH. Have a nice day. :)


Once you are done with your Inkscaping, you can go to File and click on Export PNG Image

This will let you export your current drawing into a PNG format, which is easily readable by any Image viewers or even the softwares that you have mentioned (Open Office or as email attachments).


Unity Global Menu Integration missing for some programs

Provided that some of the programs you mention must integrate with Unity global menu, I suggest to check that you have the required packages.

I. Open synaptic

II. Search «appmenu» in Quick filter. According to me, these are the packages you must have installed:


Bootable USB stick for another computer that has no OS?

Open a terminal on your ubuntu system.

Type df -h This lists all your devices which are currently mounted to the file system.
Now connect your USB-Stick and run df -h again. The new device is your USB-Stick. The left column gives the device name of your USB-Stick; it will be listed as something like /dev/sdb

You now need to unmount your stick. Run umount /dev/sdb1, replacing sdd1 with whatever your USB-Sticks's device name is (including the partition number). If your USB-Stick shows up more than once in the output of df due to having multiple partitions on the SD card, you should unmount all of these partitions.

Next you can run this command:

sudo dd bs=4M if=/path/to/your/isofile.iso of=/dev/sdb

Remember to replace /dev/sdb with your actual device name.

Please note that block size set to 4M will work most of the time; if not, please try 1M, although this will take considerably longer.

The dd command does not give any information of its progress and so may appear to have frozen; it could take more than five minutes to finish writing to the stick. To see the progress of the copy operation you can run sudo pkill -USR1 -n -x dd in another terminal. The progress will be displayed in the original window and not the window with the pkill command; it may not display immediately, due to buffering.

Now plug in the stick at the computer, which have no OS. You can now boot from the stick.


You need to edit one of the theme files (e.g. Unity.css on Zukimac-com). Add this to end of the file:

UnityDecoration {
    /* Title settings */
    -UnityDecoration-title-indent: 5px; /* Size property, left indent of the title */
    -UnityDecoration-title-fade: 35px; /* Size property, space of the title that can be faded */
    -UnityDecoration-title-alignment: 0.5; /* Float from 0.0 to 1.0, to align the title - THIS WHAT YOU REELY NEED*/
}

You probably have to log out and back in for the changes to take effect.

This is my result:


How do I add a new user with specific configuration files?

How do I go about doing it?

You don't.  Firewalling (iptables) takes place inside the kernel, as do the port assignments it pertains to.  For example, if you want to run a web server on the system using the standard HTTP port (80), then that's what you have.  Other computers can connect to yours using that port.  There is only one port 80.  If another user wants to run a separate web server, he/she will have to use a different port.  In this manner, you could apply different restrictions to the different ports using iptables.

By analogy:

  I have two people in my car.  I notice they are driving on the same street in the same direction together.  I would like to have two steering wheels in the car so they can drive on separate streets.

Since we all understand what a car is, we all understand this is a non-sensical desire.

The same logic applies to the root filesystem.  There is only one.  Different users can have different restrictions placed on them with regard to accessing it.  WRT to applications, you can use the per user $PATH variable to control which ones are used by default.

As steeldriver points out, it is possible to run a completely separate operating system inside a virtual machine, on which you could have users unrelated to the ones on your "real" (aka host) OS.  This option is a little like setting up a video game console in the back seat of your car so driver #2 can have somewhere different to go.

There are other mechanisms, such as chroot, which can box a user's perspective on the system.  However, the normal way to customize a user's environment is to do so by using application specific, per user configurations.  For example, you can specify a different desktop environment by adding an .xinitrc in your home directory, so that one user uses GNOME and another KDE.  If that file is not present, the user uses the system default.


I had the same issue before and wanted to add a special background for GRUB menu too and I found nice way to solve it. Just follow my steps:

Install Grub Customizer by opening your terminal using Ctrl+Alt+T and running:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

Press the Windows key, search for "grub" and open Grub Customizer.

Go to General settings, then check Boot default entry after and change the timer as you want. Here, my timer is 1 seconds.

Click on Save, then reboot your system and, congrats, it's working.

Not Important :

If you want to change background, font size, color or anything related to appearance, then Go to Appearance settings. Here is how my GRUB looks:

Let's assume that you have installed Windows 10 and Ubuntu in your PC and want to always start Windows as default. Then go to List configuration and adjust the OS order:

Hope that helps you. Good luck.


Fresh install of Ubuntu Mate 18.10 on 2008 Macbook; no menus

Things to try:

It is possible, that Ubuntu has detected two screens on your laptop (internal LVDS and external by HDMI), you can check it by changing the settings on monitors:

Login to the MATE desktop from LightDM or other greeter.
Open MATE terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T.
If terminal is invisible - move it to the active screen by pressing Alt+F7 and moving mouse to the right or to the left to have terminal window on screen.
From this terminal execute mate-display-properties and ensure, that current screen is set to Primary:

switch other possible monitors to Off and click Apply.
Check that MATE Panel is displayed on laptop screen.

If Monitor Preferences are OK, then try to relaunch MATE panel from terminal with:

killall mate-panel
mate-panel --replace &

Other possibility is to reset settings of MATE Panel to default

dconf reset -f /org/mate/panel/
mate-panel --replace &

Please check these methods and comment if it fails for you.


compatibility issues with HD7990 graphics card

Have found out that the display that I was confronted with is typical of any situation where trying to use cross-fire'd AMD cards.

It is necessary to download the propriety drivers from AMD whilst you don't have the crossfire setup, or if you do have the crossfire setup in place, you'll have to drop to tty and wget the drivers.

Even once you start the installation procedure from tty following the graphical interface failing to load, following the recommended steps will not work. Instead of installing via the recommended route (generating a system specific installation package) choose the option for xorg install.

Also, having a different AMD card in place and installing the drivers, then switching to your crossfire setup (swapping the cards) doesn't work either - you'll have to drop to tty, clean out the drivers, reinstall xorg, reboot, and then install proprietary drivers afresh!


Why does Ubuntu need 2 swap partitions, can I remove one?

You shouldn't have any issue deleting the second swap partition (sda5 for you). Actually you can run Linux without a swap partition and even hibernate without one.

Once it's done, you need to edit your /etc/fstab file so that the swap line actually points to the swap partition that is left (sda7 in your case).

If you want to regain the unallocated space you'll need to boot a live cd/usb and expand one of your partition with GParted.


Why is there a delay for logging in (wubi)?

This is not normal at all. I would suggest reinstalling, or possibly installing Ubuntu the normal way (since Wubi is really just to give you a chance to see if it works well on your system).


How to enable "AllowIndirectGLX" on Ubuntu 18.04 with Nvidia (1050Ti)

As mentioned in @NightwishFan's answer to this question, you have to create a xorg.conf file.

"Boot into recovery mode and select Root Shell. Then run:

X -configure

followed by

cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf
"

Once you have rebooted, open this newly created xorg.conf file using any text editor (use sudo if needed) and add

Section "ServerFlags"
    Option "AllowIndirectGLX" "on"
    Option "IndirectGLX" "on"
EndSection

This is an NVidia thread that you might find useful.

Hope it helps.


Try changing into the directory that the file is in first


Vainfo returns "libva error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so init failed" in dual gpu system

A little late, but I ran into the same problem so I thought I'd leave what worked for me. Apparently you need the VDPAU (http://http.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/vdpau/doxygen/html/index.html) wrapper.

sudo apt-get install vdpau-va-driver

After that it returns fine.

libva info: VA-API version 1.1.0
libva info: va_getDriverName() returns 0
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/nvidia_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_1_0
libva info: va_openDriver() returns 0
vainfo: VA-API version: 1.1 (libva 2.1.0)
vainfo: Driver version: Splitted-Desktop Systems VDPAU backend for VA-API - 0.7.4


Absolutely Nothing Apearing in "Additional Drivers"

As suggested by January, can you post the output of lspci -a ?

If you're positive that it's a nvidia card, you can always install the nvidia drivers:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

Once you've installed those, you can generate a new default Xorg configuration file to make sure you'll use the nvidia proprietary drivers:

sudo nvidia-xconfig

Finally restart your computer and you should be running the nvidia driver.


2>&1 tells the shell to redirect standard error to standard output. Without it, you would still get e-mails if the script printed anything on standard error.

This line from your ZFS-autosnapshot.sh script:

zfs snapshot Misu@Misu-`date +%Y.%m.%d-%H:%m:%S`

most probably gives you an error, so you must to use:

25 11 * * 5 /home/aegrimisu/ZFS-autosnapshot.sh>>/home/aegrimisu/ZFS-WeeklySnapShot.log \
            | mail -s "ZFS SnapShot Status" mymail@yahoo.com

as crontab if you want to receive the error by e-mail.


After removing pulseaudio-modules-bt my headphones get disconnected every time

pulseaudio-module-bt is already deprecated as of now, see github page for more information;
You will have to manually install pulseaudio-module-bluetooth to connect Bluetooth audio devices;
AptX is currently not officially supported by pulseaudio, you will have to look elsewhere;

(pulseaudio-module-bt will still work with aptx and ldac if you don't mind using deprecated software, lmk if you are interested in that route)
EDIT:
Setting up pulseaudio-module-bt (deprecated):
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:berglh/pulseaudio-a2dp
sudo apt update
sudo apt install pulseaudio-modules-bt libldac
systemctl --user restart pulseaudio

Unpair Bluetooth audio devices;
Restart Bluetooth;
Re-pair Bluetooth audio devices;
Settings /Sound/Output/Output-Device, select your device;
Settings /Sound/Output/Configuration, select your codec;


Trying to install the Proxtube extension for Google Chrome I cannot drag the .crx file into Chrome. What's wrong?

In Chromium (tested) and according to deveoper notes in Chrome (untested) we can load extensions from chrome://chrome/extensions/. After unzipping the .crx files (which are basically ZIP compressed) we can browse to the file's directory by ticking the "Developer mode" box in the upper right corner to select "Load unpacked extensions...":

See also:

How do directly modify a Google Chrome Extension File? (.CRX)

An alternative to Proxtube is the extension Stealthy which also works through proxies and can be used for any sites including YouTube.


Why can't nvidia driver be installed after upgrade to ubuntu 20?

Reported as bug 1860306

From comments:

  This is fixed for nvidia 390 drivers in 390.116 (tested on kernel 5.3.0-26). See #1851162

So you need to fall back to version 390. The newer versions likely need to be updated and will follow soon.


Can Ping but Cannot SSH to Openstack VM Instance

In our multi-node environment, problem ended up being packet fragmentation. The work around for is to increase mtu to 1700 on management nics of both compute and neutron nodes, e.g., ifconfig ethxxx mtu 1700


I have not used this, but the following SIP software is available and is supposed to be ipv6 compatible.

Twinkle (click here to see more info)

Here is how to install:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install twinkle twinkle-common twinkle-console

The following command brings up a list of all that are available (Twinkle is the only one that specifically mentions a GUI):

apt-cache search voip


for it to work you need to be able to use the command "java"could you try adding the binary directly to settings.conf?
you can find the binary on any linux distro by using the command

sudo find / -name "libjli.so" | sed "s/\/lib\/\(i386\|amd64\)\/jli\/libjli.so/\/bin\/java/g"

example for the settings in settings.conf can be found inside settings.conf.example


Cannot Install Ubuntu on Older Workstation

Welcome to Ubutnu if you already have a OS(Windows) running try opening the CD from Windows, this might be a problem with the CD Burning or the DVD reader. If it taking time opening the CD in windows that means while booting CD is not getting enough time to boot. for this you need to try multiple times to booting from CD.

if it opened fine in windows then it might be problem with Burning the CD.


How do I upgrade from 14.04 LTS to 16.04.1 LTS?

This is an issue that has appeared before: 4 years ago when upgrading from 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) to 14.04.1 LTS (Trusty Tahr):

Why is "No new release found" when upgrading from a LTS to the next?

It looks like a similar issue exists for the upgrade from 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) to 16.04.1 LTS (Xenial Xerus) with the relevant update log not yet updated. There is a choice of two reasonable solutions at the moment:

Wait a little until this document is updated and then upgrade as normal
Use the following syntax now:

sudo do-release-upgrade --devel-release

Ubuntu documentation speaks on this option of using the --devel-release or -d option:

  For further stability of a LTS release there is a slight change in
  behaviour if you are currently running a LTS version. LTS systems are
  only automatically considered for an upgrade to the next LTS via
  do-release-upgrade with the first point release. So for example 14.04
  will only upgrade once 16.04.1 is released. If you want to update
  before, e.g. on a subset of machines to evaluate the LTS upgrade for
  your setup the same argument as an upgrade to a dev release has to be
  used via the -d switch.

And certainly at the moment this should be a safe course to take. When undertaken on my own Trusty system:

andrew@corinth:~$ sudo do-release-upgrade
[sudo] password for andrew:
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
No new release found
andrew@corinth:~$ sudo do-release-upgrade --devel-release
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
Get:1 Upgrade tool signature [198 B]
Get:2 Upgrade tool [1,265 kB]
Fetched 1,265 kB in 0s (0 B/s)
authenticate 'xenial.tar.gz' against 'xenial.tar.gz.gpg'
extracting 'xenial.tar.gz'
[...]

And the process rolls on installing Xenial by utlising this alternative file. A few hints at upcoming resolution of this issue:

A few enquiries in IRC (thanks @ThomasWard) indicate imminent fixing of the issue pending the fixing of any bugs in the upgrade path...
A personal email to myself from a developer has indicated that this should be fixed in the week commencing July 25th
A Launchpad bug and Feature Request filed on this issue has some interesting comments...

Crossed fingers for a resolution soon!!

Note: The update log altered on July 29th my time, so issue now resolved...

References:

Ubuntu Help Docs: do-release-upgrade
Bharath/Lord Noh: "No new release found" upgrading from 14.04LTS to 16.04.1 [Bug + Feature Request]


I had frustrating issues with bluetooth connections on both Ubuntu 16.04 and on another machine which I have kubuntu 17.10 installed.  In both instances I found that installing blueman, "sudo apt-get install blueman".  Then rebooting followed by pairing the headsets, and selecting them as the sound output under "Sound" in system settings they worked perfectly immediately in 16.04 but frustratingly I found in 17.10 they connected but were muted.  This can be resolved in the taskbar there is little arrowhead or triangle whichever you prefer to describe it as close to the bluetooth widget.  That is where you unmute them:)  You may encounter some pop-ups asking whether you trust the headphones, the answers are obvious.

This solution worked for me after much hunting for solutions and I hope it helps you.


How to delete duplicated files based on pattern (see examples below) using a script or a Bash command

Using find and gawk

Install gawk

sudo apt-get install gawk

Go into your folder or replace the . after the find command with your foldername, eg: find ~/my_video_duplicates f -iname …
Test the command

The command below shows only the remove candidates

find . -type f -iname "*_8000.mp4" -print0 | \
    while read -d $'\0' file; do \
        gawk -F_ '{ \
            a=gensub(/\_8000\./, "_3800.", "g" , $0); \
            system("if [ -f \""a"\" ]; then echo \""a"\" will be deleted; fi")}' <<< "$file";\
    done

Check again, if you are in the right folder or replace the . after the find command with your foldername, eg: find ~/my_video_duplicates f -iname …
If you sure, run the command below

find . -type f -iname "*_8000.mp4" -print0 | \
    while read -d $'\0' file; do \
        gawk -F_ '{ \
            a=gensub(/\_8000\./, "_3800.", "g" , $0); \
            system("if [ -f \""a"\" ]; then rm \""a"\"; fi")}' <<< "$file";\
    done

Example

The starting situation

% ls -og
total 3
-rw-rw-r-- 1 0 Jul 14 19:37 xxxx_yyy_720_3800.mp4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 0 Jul 14 19:20 xxxx_yyy_720_8000.mp4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 0 Jul 14 19:21 aaaa_yyy_720_8000.mp4

The dry run

% find . -type f -iname "*_8000.mp4" -print0 | \
    while read -d $'\0' file; do \
        gawk -F_ '{ \
            a=gensub(/\_8000\./, "_3800.", "g" , $0); \
            system("if [ -f \""a"\" ]; then echo \""a"\" will be deleted; fi")}' <<< "$file";\
    done
./xxxx_yyy_720_3800.mp4 will be deleted

The removal

% find . -type f -iname "*_8000.mp4" -print0 | \
    while read -d $'\0' file; do \
        gawk -F_ '{ \
            a=gensub(/\_8000\./, "_3800.", "g" , $0); \
            system("if [ -f \""a"\" ]; then rm \""a"\"; fi")}' <<< "$file";\
    done

The final situation

% ls -og
total 2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 0 Jul 14 19:20 xxxx_yyy_720_8000.mp4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 0 Jul 14 19:21 aaaa_yyy_720_8000.mp4


Is there a list of devices Ubuntu supports "out of the box"?

Debian has a similar page (don't know how frequently it is maintained). Since Ubuntu is based on Debian, it should help - wiki.debian.org/WiFi


Hash Sum mismatch error when trying to upgrade

That generally means that the download was corrupted. Try the following to remove the downloaded file and retry the upgrade:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get upgrade


Customize the power button action (ubuntu 10.04)

The number of processes should not be different. You have to remember when counting the pids to include the script itself and the subprocess created.

I created the following that should work for your requirements. You should alter the timeout depending on how quickly you want the multiple button presses.

#!/bin/sh
# /etc/acpi/powerbtn.sh
# Initiates a shutdown when the power putton has been
# pressed.

timeout=0.8
pid_count=$(pidof -x powerbtn.sh | wc -w)

( if [ $pid_count -eq 4 ]; then
        sleep $timeout
        /etc/acpi/sleep.sh
    else
        sleep $timeout
        pid_count_now=$(pidof -x powerbtn.sh | wc -w)
        if [ $pid_count_now -eq 2 ] && [ $pid_count -eq 2 ]; then
            poweroff
        fi
        exit
    fi
) &


You do not need to run Disks as root to do this. To set your own mount options for a volume, you need to turn off Automatic Mount Options. This is done with the switch at the top of the Mount Options dialog. Just toggle that switch so it says "Off" and you will be able to change the mount options as you see fit. When you click OK, you will need to enter your password for the changes to be applied.

With "Automatic Mount Options", volumes are mounted as they appear. When you turn that off, Disks adds an entry to /etc/fstab so the system always knows to mount that disk at startup, and in a particular way. I'm guessing this partition contains a swap file or something of the sort, so you may want to change the Mount Point field or reconfigure your swap file, since the mount point will be different from when it was automatic.


Dual Boot Win 10 / 18.04: HDD Not Visible at Install

The issue was that the HDD was set for RAID (even though it is just a single disk) rather than AHCI. The Ubuntu installer cannot read a RAID disk and wasn't able to view the partitions.

I was able to change from RAID to AHCI following these instructions here

  Right-click the Windows Start Menu. Choose Command Prompt (Admin).

  a. If you don’t see Command Prompt listed, it’s because you have
  already been updated to a later version of Windows.  If so, use this
  method instead to get to the Command Prompt:

  Click the Start Button and type cmd
  Right-click the result and select Run as administrator

  Type this command and press ENTER: bcdedit /set {current} safeboot minimal
        a. If this command does not work for you, try bcdedit /set safeboot minimal
  Restart the computer and enter BIOS Setup (the key to press varies between systems).
  Change the SATA Operation mode to AHCI from either IDE or RAID (again, the language varies).
  Save changes and exit Setup and Windows will automatically boot to Safe Mode.
  Right-click the Windows Start Menu once more. Choose Command Prompt (Admin).
  Type this command and press ENTER: bcdedit /deletevalue {current} safeboot    a. If you had to try the alternate command above, you
  will likely need to do so here also: bcdedit /deletevalue safeboot
  Reboot once more and Windows will automatically start with AHCI drivers enabled.

After switching to the AHCI controller I rebooted into Windows to confirm that everything was working properly before continuing.

I next rebooted with a live USB and voila the HDD and proper partitions were visible to the installer.


Show files that will be removed with apt-get remove and purge

It isn’t possible to fully determine the impact of package removal or purge without performing the removal, because maintainer scripts in the package might remove more files than are listed as belonging to the package.

You can determine at least some of the impact though, by listing the files registered for each package which will be removed. When you run apt -s, you’ll see lines prefixes with Remv or Purg depending on whether the package will be removed or purged. Packages which are purged will remove all the files listed by dpkg -L; packages which are removed will remove those files, except the files listed by dpkg-query -W -f='${binary:Package}\n${Conffiles}\n'. In many cases this will cover everything that would be removed.


Installing Ubuntu Server 18.04 on old PC "no bootable device"

There are three major breakpoints for processors.  Non-pae/pae; 32-bit/64-bit; and BIOS/UEFI.

18.04 LTS will install in legacy mode. If you have the option in the BIOS to select UEFI then you will likely have a 64-bit processor and PAE.

If the OS installed in UEFI, then you can go into the BIOS and set the BIOS to boot from UEFI mode.  Reboot.  If booting still fails, you will have to set the UEFI boot target in BIOS. Hopefully, it will auto-detect it.  If not, you will have to search for it using the utility in the BIOS.  Without knowing more about the system, I can't really help you.  The BIOS is very specific to the model of the computer.

If the computer is old enough to have either the first two issues, then the OS will not have even began the install.

My recommendation is to check the BIOS settings.  If you are not going to use a hard drive more that 2.5 TB, then use legacy all the way around.  On the boot-up, make sure that the boot-option you choose, matches your choice in the BIOS.

The standard Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Desktop and Server ISOs boot in both Legacy (BIOS) and UEFI, defaulting to Legacy (BIOS).

One other issue.... a dead battery will give you issues with booting.

Good luck!


How to rename files in multiple folders without renaming the directories?

Use find with mv:

find drawable-hdmi drawable-en-hdmi drawable-en-xhdmi -type f -exec mv {} new_begingn.9.png \;

If all the folders are named drawable-<something>, you can do:

find drawable-* -type f -exec mv {} new_begingn.9.png \;


How do I fix a mount that is now failing

In the end, I installed GParted and just reformatted that one partition that was causing a problem.  The rest of the partitions were fine.  Now I can use that partition with no problems.  It is not a perfect solution, but I had all the code backed up anyway.

Lesson I learnt, back up frequently.