Yes it might be the problem because the source code of the AMD drivers is not accessible to Linux developers.

Install those drivers and it will solve your problem, and use that last option from the picture you sent.


I messed up my /etc/hosts and /etc/resolv.conf files, now my network doesn't work. How can I reset it?

If you are running a currently-supported desktop version of Ubuntu, then networking should be handled by the NetworkManager service, and your /etc/network/interfaces file should contain only the default loopback interface definition

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

To fix your /etc/resolv.conf file, you probably need to reconfigure the package from the command line using

sudo dpkg-reconfigure resolvconf

It will present you with a question about preparing /etc/resolv.conf for dynamic updates - answer "Yes". It may also present you with another question about temporarily appending your existing config to the dynamic one - if so you should probably answer "No" to that one. This will re-create the default symbolic link in place of your manually-edited file.


Wifi disappears and starts working only after restart

okay. Try this instead
1> Reboot your system
2> open terminal and use this
sudo apt-get install --reinstall network-manager
3> sudo service network-manager restart
or reboot your system


18.04.4 Ubuntu won't launch in Virtual Box 6.1

It looks like you are trying to create the drive for the VM inside of the  installation iso for Ubuntu.

Please see this answer for VERY in-depth steps on the installation process. https://askubuntu.com/a/153098/452485

Despite the age of the answer the steps are still accurate.

The problem is that you need to create the Virtual Disk for the VM to run on as part of the creation process before you install Ubuntu from the iso.


In the same terminal type the following command to remove the bind entry:

bind 'RETURN: "\n"'; foo

and press Enter.

It will complain about the foo command not found:

No command 'foo' found, did you mean[...]

But it will let the first part of the command to run properly thus restoring the behaviour of the Enter key.


Asus Eee pc 1005peb screen really dark despite brightness set to full

I had the same problem with my Asus Eee PC 1001PX. The solution was to add acpi_osi=Linux to the computer bootup kernel options.

The bootup kernel options are controlled by the GRUB boot loader. You need to edit the grub settings at /etc/default/grub to have the following line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet acpi_osi=Linux splash"

After editing the file, you need to make sure you run update-grub for your edit to take effect.

Hopefully this same solution works for you. If it doesn't, you can also try adding the option acpi_backlight=vendor to the same line which was also suggested to me when I tried to get the issue fixed.


Broken apt-get issue even with apt-get install -f

Try:

echo | sudo tee /var/lib/dpkg/info/iscan-plugin-gt-x770.prerm
echo | sudo tee /var/lib/dpkg/info/iscan-plugin-gt-x820.prerm

And then:

sudo apt-get install -f

The above commands will empty the pre removing scripts on the packages and therefore will make the uninstaller finish correctly.


The ubuntu-wine ppa doesn't exist for Bionic so you can expect problems if you try to use it.

Call up Software and Updates and click on the "Other Software" tab. Find ubuntu-wine in the list and un-check all places it is found.  Then click Close, and enter your password when asked.


How can I start the GUI for Xubuntu 16.04

I had a similar problem. This helped for me:

sudo chown -R currentuser:currentuser /home/currentuser/

but I'm thinking this will ask for a sudo password.


The syntax for mouse commands cab be found here:
 https://blog.hanschen.org/2009/10/13/mouse-shortcuts-with-xbindkeys/


You can "forward" a GUI application to be displayed on your local machine while physically running on the remote server using ssh -X

ssh -X user@host
Password:

user@host# gedit

this should open an editor window on your local machine.

See man ssh for more information.


good internal wifi card for new laptop (the installed one is not supported)

USB WIFI dongles are great:
They are cheap.
They can be located as far as 5m from the computer thus avoiding the huge
interference source they represent.(even at the focal point of a parabola)
USB is standard for a lot of devices.
So both the dongle and the 5m USB cable are useful.


`sudo apt-get update` lock error on a fresh 12.04 install ( different angle )

First of all synaptic is not installed by default in Ubuntu 12.04 unless you installed it manually. Most probably the problem is causing  by software center. It may happen that when you are trying to update apt-cache, the software center is also trying the same. That is causing the error. To be sure you can open software center and on top right (last icon) you might get an busy or 'progress' icon.

Then wait for software center to finish its action. Then try apt-get update. I am not sure if software center center can work or not from virtual console. If Software center can work from VC the process might be over already that is why you did not get any error.


Applications can be written in whatever language/framework you want to write them in, they just need to follow the publishing requirements:

  Be in one, self-contained directory
  Be able to be installed into /opt/
  Be able to be executed by all users from /opt/
  Note: Users only have read and not write privileges to this
  directory.
  Write all configuration settings to ~/. (This can be one
  file or a directory containing multiple configuration files.)


mod_usertrack with X-Forwarded-For (proxy) IPs, apache 2.2

OK, so here are my insights after a few more hours of looking into it:

Using a custom-built apache is definitely not recommended in a production environment (unless you really know what you're doing ... and I certainly don't fall into that category)
It seems you can simply copy-paste modules from apache 2.4 to apache 2.2, and there's a chance it will work (for a simple module like usertrack, it seems to just work).
The usertrack module from apache 2.4 does't even support X-Forwarded-For ! Not sure why I thought it will.
Instead, I just grabbed mod_cookietrack - a 3rd party custom module. Installation is dead simple, and it just does the job! (it's compatible with apache 2.2)


Ubuntu One does not work right with Gnome 3 in 11.04

Gnome 3 changed several dbus apis in incompatible ways, and the fixes for those changes are not in 11.04. There's a bug tracking the progess if you're interested.


gnome-screensaver still trying to load after installing xscreensaver?

Finally, used sudo find / -iname "gnome-screensaver.desktop", which showed me the presence of gnome-screensaver.desktop in /etc/xdg/autostart/, which was responsible for still trying to load the now uninstalled gnome-screensaver at each startup. Removing this file removed the error from syslog.


1) Check System > Preferences > Startup Applications and make sure that applications only launch at start-up when you need them to.

2) If you notice that the processes are named after applications you have installed, check the Options, Preferences, or Settings menu's in those applications, and look for an option to turn off "start at log in".

3) Processes that are running that are not listed in the list above are usually system processes that are necessary to the normal function of your operating system. They are listed as "sleeping" because they are not currently active. They still need to be running though, in case they are needed.

4) If you absolutely cannot handle the number of processes running, try backing up your files and reinstalling your operating system. I can't say I've ever had to do this with Linux (it's more of a windows thing to be honest) but if you install a lot of applications and leave them running all the time then this might be some "spring cleaning" for you to consider.


How to execute a bash script before shutdown using systemd?

Why not take advantage of the Linux system and it's /tmp directory to store your .bash_history in a more volatile place?

To change the location of your .bash_history file, you need to set the HISTFILE variable.  To have the file deleted every reboot, place the file in the /tmp/ directory.

You can add something such as the following to your ~/.bashrc file so that these settings persist:

HISTFILE=/tmp/.bash_history

You can confirm other users cannot read your history by checking out the file permissions of the history file created:

ls -lsa /tmp/.bash_history

This will cause your user's history to be removed upon reboot, but will not affect others.  You can set this system level configuration files such as /etc/bash.bashrc if you really want.  You can even put /tmp into RAM to ensure it gets cleared.


Get newer versions of libmlt6 and libmlt++3.

cd $(mktemp -d)
wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/libmlt%2B%2B3_0.9.2%2Bgit20141027-1_amd64.deb
wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/libmlt6_0.9.2%2Bgit20141027-1_amd64.deb

Then use

sudo dpkg -Oi *deb

to unpackage and install.

This worked for me on Ubuntu 14.10 when I had the same issue.


What AC1200 or faster wifi add-in cards work out-of-the-box with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS?

Given the deafening silence on here I had to do some trial and error experimentation that lead to this blog post.
https://www.logikalsolutions.com/wordpress/information-technology/ubuntu-20-04-lts-compatible-wifi-card/
A generic Intel AC 3165 seems to work with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS out of the box.
I have since learned the cable is to plug into a USB connection port on the motherboard. It's really sad since they use way less than half of the pins that you have to give up an entire mobo USB port.
You do not have to use the cable.
That is for the Bluetooth on the card.
I found the card on eBay for under $20


Is there a way to get Firefox language to stay on my choice?

Go to addons, then select "languages" on the left, then delete everything on the right. American English should be included in Firefox. (Or at least it is if your system language is American English.)


Unable to pass apt-get -o APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success or similar option to apt

When I inspect existing apt configuration, I see:

~ apt-config dump | grep -i dpkg::post
DPkg::Post-Invoke "";
DPkg::Post-Invoke:: "if [ -d /var/lib/update-notifier ]; then touch /var/lib/update-notifier/dpkg-run-stamp; fi; /usr/lib/update-notifier/update-motd-updates-available 2>/dev/null || true";

And so trying out variations, it looks like the correct form would be -o DPkg::Post-Invoke::=/home/jake/agio:

$ apt-config -o DPKG::Post-invoke::='foo bar' dump | grep -i DPkg::Post
DPkg::Post-Invoke "";
DPkg::Post-Invoke:: "if [ -d /var/lib/update-notifier ]; then touch /var/lib/update-notifier/dpkg-run-stamp; fi; /usr/lib/update-notifier/update-motd-updates-available 2>/dev/null || true";
DPkg::Post-Invoke:: "foo bar";

And indeed:

~ sudo apt-get -o DPkg::Post-Invoke::='foo bar' install snapd-
Reading package lists... Done
[...]
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
sh: 1: foo: not found
E: Problem executing scripts DPkg::Post-Invoke 'foo bar'
E: Sub-process returned an error code


Can reduce the 994 GB partition on Dell Vostro 3580 laptop with Ubuntu 18.04 pre-installed?

If you wish to have two different versions of Ubuntu, you can do so by following the standard installation process with two amendments.

First, before you start installation, boot with a LiveUSB with Ubuntu Studio on it.

Launch gparted or GNOME-disks and check to see if you have a swap partition (typically only if you use Hibernation with 16.04 and later, or before 16.04); if you do, open a terminal and do swapoff -a to temporarily dismount it. If you do not have a swap partition, no problem, carry on.

With gparted or GNOME-disks, resize your 18.04 system partition (typically ext4, FYI, think three times before changing anything about a FAT32 partition,especially /boot/efi !) to the size you wish, and then exit from gparted or GNOME-disks.

oldfred wisely suggested

  If planning on using both systems, often better to have smaller /
  (root) partitions of 25GB and large separate shared data partition
  with data you can access from both systems. Best not to share /home.
  If you have swap partition that can be shared if not encrypted
  install.

If you like that option (and it is just an option), I would make larger system partitions, since nowadays apps installed as Snaps consume significantly more space than before. Maybe 50GB per system partition?

Perform installation following https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-install-ubuntu-desktop#0 until you reach 6. Allocate drive space where you will instead choose Something Else, and install Studio into the unallocated space.


Before all, can you complete your profile, its more friendly and we can answer with more enphasys!

May be you dont configure your BIOS to boot from CD/USB.
Actually there is a lot of version of BIOS, and In each one, there is different ways to get in to change your config.

Try this:

When you power-on your PC, the first screen/image that you can see is about motherboard (before windows logo), when this appear, you can press some of this keys to get in Setup mode:

F2, F4, F8, Delete key  when LOGO or Info system appear to enter in setup.
In some BIOS, you can read some info about keys near to buttom or may be upper in left side.

F12 or F10 in some system let you select BOOTING media. (A list, to Select you booting drive)

If you can GET IN, you must search in menu only "BOOTING SECUENCE" or "BOOTING DRIVE" or similar stuff...

Let be first USB/CD (some can change with +/- key another with page up/down or with cursor keys).

Read at buttom there is info about key and How can you save all change. Take care with configuration changed, I recomends you write every parameter changed.
Often you can save that pressing F10 and accept.

-EDIT-

**I see, so, May be your Grub its not working anymore, so you need download a tool to recover it, and reinstall it.
You can try in Windows, downloading Wingrub, you can follow all instructions from here: http://members.iinet.net.au/~herman546/p9.html

Tell me if you resolve your problem!

Bye.


ATI RS690m X1200 proprietary driver installation

The file that you downloaded is ati-driver-installer-9-3-x86.x86_64.run. It is an executable file.

Right click on the file, Properties, Permissions tab, check "Allow to run this file as a program".
Then in a terminal, move to your download folder, probably by typing cd ~/Downloads/.
In the same terminal window, launch sudo ./ati-driver-installer-9-3-x86.x86_64.run.
Follow the installation wizard.


How to determine if CPU VT extensions are enabled in bios?

Building on Jo-Erlend Schinstad's answer:

Install cpu-checker

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install cpu-checker

Then check:

$ kvm-ok

If the CPU is enabled, you should see something like:

INFO: /dev/kvm exists
KVM acceleration can be used

Otherwise, you might see something like:

INFO: /dev/kvm does not exist
HINT:   sudo modprobe kvm_intel
INFO: Your CPU supports KVM extensions
INFO: KVM (vmx) is disabled by your BIOS
HINT: Enter your BIOS setup and enable Virtualization Technology (VT),
      and then hard poweroff/poweron your system
KVM acceleration can NOT be used


224.0.0.251 is a multicast address for mDNS
This is my computer broadcasting to the local network via a multicast address.
The address is reserved so whois doesn't know what on earth to do with it. Perhaps they should improve the error message for muppets like me :o)


How to Sync OneDrive Business /Office 365 on Linux?

Ubuntu 18.04 and later
There is a OneDrive client in the default Ubuntu repositories in Ubuntu 18.04 and later. OneDrive is the cloud storage system of Microsoft. This package provides the command line client specializing in synchronizing with OneDrive cloud storage.
Install it with:
sudo apt install onedrive

At first run, it asks you to authenticate with a link. After authentication you can enable the deamon with systemctl --user enable onedrive and then systemctl --user start onedrive.
It will monitor and sync OneDrive data locally in ~/OneDrive.
Further explanations can be found in the manpage man onedrive.
It's very easy to setup, and only takes about five minutes.


Based on your description, it sounds like you ran startx as root, which screwed with permissions on one or more files.

You'll need to get to a text console by pressing a key combination such as: Ctrl + Alt + F1 (any F1-F6 key will work). Next, log in as yourself.

Please check ownership on these two files:

    ls -l ~/.{ICE,X}authority

My guess is that at least one is owned by root, and not you. Change this:

    sudo chown user:user ~/.Xauthority (substitute user for your username).

Then reboot with:

    sudo shutdown -r now .

That should fix the issue for you. Here's more info on xauthority.


this is what did i to, a lot of steps so i'm just gonna say step by step:

1) installed fresh install from ubuntu 17.10:

# sudo do-release-upgrade -d

2) removed all references (so far i knew to find them) from /etc/cups
   basically sudo-ed and cleaned the entire folder out.

3) auto-removed hplip-gui

# sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove hplip-gui

4) somewhere here i was asked to partially updated ubuntu, which afterwards showed that it became a development version of 18.04
unfortunately i'm not sure if that was induced or just happened, and also don't know it that matters or how to find out.

5)  auto-removed hplip

# sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove hplip

6) downloaded hplip-3.17.11 from hp site

7) installed hplip-3.17.11 following the installation notes from hp side

8) payed special attention to the installation notes at the beginning of the install.. and did them as such.

8a) software and updates: made sure it was on main-server
8b) locked the cd-rom by:

# eject -i 1

9) installed hplip-3.17.11

# cd desktop
# sh hplip-3.17.11.run

no dependency problems at all!

10) installed printer during install via gui

so:

now printer seems to be properly set-up, for now at least
no communication error 5012,
setup via wifi
unfortunately not found by xsane but i'll look into that later.

update:

i do got a
- unsupported platform warning when running hp-doctor under 18.04
- i did completely fresh install 17.10 (from usb drive) and no error msg now.

maybe try without the (partial) update to 18.04


OSError: [Errno 30] Read-only file system

It looks like the filesystem the application is logging to was mounted as read only.

You can try remounting it with

mount -o remount,rw {mount point}

Where {mount point} is the directory where the FS is mounted.


Is there something wrong with the partition I created with gparted?

Are you actually using Windows cmd to try & run linux commands? And Windows disk management to see what's going on?

That's not (ever) going to work - Windows is deliberately blind to other OS's, to discourage you from tinkering, and does not have the tools to do this. So the answer to your question is perhaps that there's nothing wrong at all...

If you can get it to boot the linux OS, you should find it has worked.


How to re-enable the systray (indicator panel) after latest updates

Try using the Indicator Systemtray Unity (for Ubuntu 14.04 - 15.04):

Indicator, when clicked, shows the tray.

Also there is a display mode "separately from the indicator" - on top of the panel like a dock. In this mode, the position can be changed by scrolling the mouse over the indicator. To change the mode position: press the middle mouse button on the indicator.

Installation in the terminal:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:fixnix/indicator-systemtray-unity
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-systemtray-unity

You must then log out and again log in using your user.

https://github.com/GGleb/indicator-systemtray-unity

To remove this package (with its configuration files!!!):

sudo apt-get --purge remove indicator-systemtray-unity


Symbolic link all files in directory to show in another directory?

Adding the following line at the end of your crontab would achieve what you want:

*/1 * * * * ln -s /home/ftp/* /srv/ftp

To edit your crontab:

crontab -e

With this, /home/ftp/ will be scanned every minute and the appropriate symlinks made in /srv/ftp/.

Crontab is the command-line equivalent of Scheduled Tasks.For details about its syntax, check out this page.


An even easier solution would be to set the value with gio itself. Thus,
set with the command:
gio mime text/calendar org.gnome.Calendar.desktop

Then check what you just did with the following command:
gio mime text/calendar


OneNote alternative that can import OneNote notebooks

UnMHT
Adds Mht file reading/writing support to Firefox.
Mht (Mhtml) is the webpage archive format to store Html and images, Css into single file.
Web site
UnMHT provides following features:

Save webpage as Mht file.

Save selection as Mht file

Insert URL of the webpage and date you saved into saved Mht file.

Save multiple tabs as Mht files at a time.

Save multiple tabs into a single Mht file.

Save webpage by single click into prespecified directory with QuickSave feature.

Convert Html files and directory which contains files used by the Html into Mht file.

View the Mht file saved by UnMHT, IE, PowerPoint, etc.

Export in OneNote
Allows you to save a file under a different name or location.

Click or tap the File tab and select Export.

The Export Current pane appears at right.

If using a keyboard and mouse, you can Ctrl+click multiple pages to export multiple pages in the same file.

Select Page or Section, choose the format you want for exporting, and click or tap the Export button.

The Save As window appears, indicating that the concept of saving versus exporting hasn’t quite made it to all interface elements yet.

You must chose Single File web Page This format uses the Mime Html document format .mht, which saves an entire web page in a single file.

Click or tap Save to export the file.

Note: If you select Notebook to export, you can choose Portable Document Format, this format uses the .pdf extension and is compatible with any device that supports Pdf.


Check the file /etc/default/grub. There is something wrong on line 29. Maybe a typo or something else. Check the entry on this line against other similar entries.


Installing Lubuntu on a MacMini Intel for future dual boot

Be aware of the following:

You do not need rEFInd to install or boot Linux on a Mac. You can use the Startup Manager.
You can use the modern EFI boot method with most Linux installations on a Mac.
Your model Mac should support the 64 bit versions of Lubuntu.
The USB flash drive, create using the steps shown below, was successfully tested on a iMac (20 inch, Mid 2007).

Here are the steps to create the USB installer and launch Lubuntu.

Download the Lubuntu iso file named lubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso to your "Downloads" folder.
Insert a 2 GB or larger USB flash drive.
Enter the command diskutil  list to determine the identifier for your flash drive. Here, I will assume this is disk1.
From a Terminal application window, enter the following commands. If the identifier for your flash drive is not disk1, make the appropriate substitution for rdisk1.

cd  ~/Downloads
rm  -f  target  target.dmg
hdiutil  convert  -format  UDRW  -o  target  lubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso
if  test  -e  target;  then  mv  -f  target  target.dmg;  fi
sudo  dd  if=target.dmg  of=/dev/rdisk1  bs=1m

If you get the following message, select "Ignore".

Restart you Mac. Immediately hold down the option key until the Startup Manager appears.
Select the icon labeled "EFI Boot", then select the arrow below the label. If there are more than two "EFI Boot" labels, choose either one.

  Note: In the past, I was able to replace steps 3 and 4 with the use of UNetbootin. In this case, I did not test to see if UNetbootin still works.

If you have any questions or want to know how to proceed further, let me know.


Black screen when trying to install Ubuntu 12.04.2 on ASUS X502C

If you can't get it to work in EFI mode, try this:

Disable Secure Boot in your firmware.
Enable BIOS/CSM/legacy support in your firmware. (It can go by any of a number of names.)
Boot the Ubuntu installer in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. Verify that it's running in this mode by dropping to a shell and looking for the directory /sys/firmware/efi; it should not exist.
Do the installation. When you're done, Windows and Ubuntu should both boot, but you'll need to select the boot mode by changing it in the firmware, or at least by using the computer's built-in boot manager.
In Windows, install my rEFInd boot manager.
Edit rEFInd's refind.conf file: Uncomment the scanfor line and ensure that hdbios is among the options.

If all goes well, when you reboot you should see a rEFInd boot menu with at least two options. One will boot Windows in EFI mode and the other should boot GRUB in BIOS mode; GRUB in turn will boot Linux. This is about as smooth as you can get a mixed EFI-and-BIOS dual-boot configuration to work.

Unfortunately, I can't guarantee that this will work at all. There are a number of potential problems with rEFInd's BIOS-mode support, and if the video problem isn't EFI-related, this method won't help at all.


@steeldriver has pinpointed the problem. You could solve it with:

import subprocess
subprocess.run(['bash', '-c', '''
    IFS="."
    for f in data/*; do
        read -ra ADDR <<< "$f"
        [[ ${#ADDR[@]} -gt 0 ]] && mv "$f" "data/${ADDR[-1]}"
    done
'''])

but at this point, you're probably better just doing the whole thing in python instead of calling out to bash: something like

for f in os.scandir("data"):
    if f.is_file():
        addr = f.name.split(".")[-1]
        if f.name != addr:
            os.rename(f.path, "data/"+addr)


Which software package to install using 12.04 server as a Openvpn server

The package you may want to install is named openvpn, to install press Ctrl+Alt+T to go to a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install openvpn

For more information see Official Ubuntu server guide for configuring OpenVPN


Ubuntu 16.04 Cannot install libvirt-bin because of dependency errors

Install libvirt-bin following the steps below:

Download libnl-route-3-200.
Now similarly download libnetcf1 and libvirt-bin. In a terminal change the working directory to the download directory and the run the commands:

sudo dpkg -i libnl-route-3-200_3.2.27-1ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb libnetcf1_0.2.8-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb libvirt-bin_1.3.1-1ubuntu10_amd64.deb

Use sudo systemctl restart libvirt-bin.service to restart the service.
Use sudo systemctl status libvirt-bin.service to see the libvirt status.


How do I change the default logon screen in 12.04

A solution I found to work is to replace the default background being used by lightdm:

> sudo cp /path/to/image.png /usr/share/backgrounds
> cd /usr/share/backgrounds
> sudo mv warty-final-ubuntu.png warty-final-ubuntu.png.old
> sudo mv image.png warty-final-ubuntu.png

This, however, is just a workaround and probably not the best solution. It is just the most direct way to do it assuming you don't need the default Ubuntu wallpaper.

EDIT: Also make sure that you set your image to have the same owner and permissions as the original warty-final-ubuntu.png (root,755),


First, Ubuntu's Shim binary includes a copy of the Canonical (Ubuntu) public key embedded within it, and this binary is signed by Microsoft, so it should be possible to boot without the Canonical key in your firmware. That said, you might run into the issue you describe if you're using another Shim binary -- say, if you're dual-booting with Fedora and are using Fedora's Shim to get the boot process started. (Also, see the very end of this answer....)

In such a case, you should be able to use the MokManager tool to add Canonical's key to the MOK list, which Shim will read. MokManager should be on your disk's EFI System Partition (ESP) alongside the Shim binary. Ideally, MokManager should be an option on whatever GRUB or other boot manager menu you see when you boot. If not, you could adjust the /boot/grub/grub.cfg file to add such an entry, which should look like this:

menuentry "MokManager" {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod chain
    set root='(hd0,gpt1)'
    chainloader /EFI/fedora/MokManager.efi
}

You'll need to adjust that entry for your particular system. In particular, the set root option should point to your ESP, which might or might not be (hd0,gpt1); and the path to MokManager might be something other than what I've specified. (I'm showing a Fedora path as an example. Note that you must point to the MokManager binary that comes with the Shim binary you're using.)

There are a couple of other options available to you:

You could disable Secure Boot entirely. This is the easiest approach, but Secure Boot exists to improve security, so I don't recommend this as a general rule, especially if you're dual-booting with Windows. Details of how to disable it vary greatly from one system to another. I present several examples on this page of mine.
You could take full control of Secure Boot and add the Canonical public key to your firmware, as described on this page of mine. This approach is for those with significant "geek street creds," though; it's technically challenging, and even people who are comfortable with command-line tools are likely to struggle a bit. I mention this approach mainly because your question's title refers to the PK and db, which are keys stored in this way. Canonical's standard approach to Secure Boot does not involve modifying these keys, but these variables are adjusted when you take full control of Secure Boot. If you did this before, perhaps all you need is a pointer to relevant documentation, so this is it....


How to use Tex Live Manager 2018 as administrator?

TL;DR: Run TeX Live Manager like this: sudo $(which tlmgr) -gui.

I had the same behavior when I installed TUG TeX Live after removing the texlive Ubuntu package. The issue was that tlmgr was still provided by some other package and I added the directory of the TUG TeX Live binaries to the PATH in ~/.bashrc, which apparently doesn't have any effect on sudo commands. However, the old 2017 version of tlmgr was in the PATH by default, so that was called in the sudo command. This can be fixed by feeding the full path of the TUG TeX Live Manager to sudo (this is what $(which tlmgr) does).

In order to avoid similar issues, and have a clean system, I recommend to remove all the packages called texlive* by running sudo apt remove texlive*, and then sudo apt autoremove.


Run multiple instances in background

You could run multiple instances of socat in the background in one command.

I use sleep N instead of socat ...N... ...N... for an example:

echo -n 1 2 3 | xargs -d ' ' -I% bash -c '(sleep % ; echo slept % ) &'

The () and the echo slept % part is only needed to have some example output, so your actual command would be simpler; % will be replaced by one of the port listed after echo:

echo -n 3392 3393 3394 | xargs -d ' ' -I% bash -c 'socat TCP4-LISTEN:%,fork TCP4:192.168.10.102:% &'

Wit the count of port args N, this should also work:

parallel -j N -i bash -c 'socat TCP4-LISTEN:{},fork TCP4:192.168.10.102:{}' -- 3392 3393 3394


Ubuntu 13.10 alongside Windows 7 - Mission Impossible?

A first step would be to ask windows to check the filesystem of the partition that you are trying to modify. The partitioning tool has a hard time dealing with errors on the disk. When you are booted into windows

How-To Geek's Windows check disk tool guide

Windows will continue to work even if the file system has errors but the ubuntu partition tool can have a wide range of issues when the Windows file system has errors. We have done mass dual boot installs for students here on the university and we always run into this issue.  Give installing a try again after you run the Windows check disk utility.


Will a newly released package be pushed to my machine?

When a security fault is found in product A, a new package for product A is released, with a higher version. This is updated in the package lists, which are part of the repository.

When your run sudo apt update, you download a list of packages available. Later, when you run sudo apt upgrade, given that you have product A installed, you will download the new version and install it.

If you do not have product A installed, the package will not be downloaded, nor installed.

Your whole system is packages. If a security problem is found in a component, for instance the kernel, that package will be updated, to a new version, but with exactly the same package name.

So this effectively ensures that you get the security patches that is appropriate for the software you have installed.

If you've installed software via other means than the Ubuntu repositories, you will not get updates for them via the Ubuntu repositories.

This is somewhat different from the Windows model, where you get updates, and it doesn't really tell you what module or part of the OS that is updated, nor can you choose what to install. But in Ubuntu (and other distros) everything is a package - and you can choose from a very minimal system, weighing in at under a gigabyte, without any graphical environment, to a full desktop - or server.

Right now I have one package that can be updated at a box I have - firefox:

[~]$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04
The following packages will be upgraded:
  firefox
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/43.7 MB of archives.
After this operation, 21.5 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n
Abort.

let's have a look at this package, using apt-cache policy firefox:

[~]$ apt-cache policy firefox
firefox:
  Installed: 57.0.1+build2-0ubuntu0.16.04.1
  Candidate: 57.0.3+build1-0ubuntu0.16.04.1
  Version table:
     57.0.3+build1-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 500
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages
 *** 57.0.1+build2-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 500
        500 http://no.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     45.0.2+build1-0ubuntu1 500
        500 http://no.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
[~]$

Here it shows that I have 57.0.1+build2-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 installed, but 57.0.3+build1-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 is available. If I choose to upgrade, I will get the new version of firefox.

The xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04 is kept back in above example, because it depends on xserver-xorg-legacy-hwe-16.04, which is not installed. Thus apt upgrade will not touch it, unless I do a sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-legacy-hwe-16.04:

[~]$ sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  xserver-xorg-legacy-hwe-16.04
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  xserver-xorg-legacy
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  xserver-xorg-legacy-hwe-16.04
The following packages will be upgraded:
  xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04
1 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 1 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 41.1 kB of archives.
After this operation, 3,072 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

So a package will only be upgraded as long as it doesn't list new dependencies.


adminer- None of the supported PHP extensions (MySQLi, MySQL, PDO_MySQL) are available

Now you need to make

sudo apt-get install php-mysql

Since on recent release you need to install the new php7 version

And finally sudo service apache2 restart


How to update a manually installed software package properly (here: Simplenote)?

Download the deb package for the updated version then do:

dpkg -i <package-name>.deb

Unless they changed everything around which is very unlikely this should overwrite your previous installation but should leave your settings intact.


I solved it by doing the following:
In Chrome:
Go to Settings -> Advanced -> System -> Disable the option "Use hardware acceleration when available"

Source:
https://support.google.com/chrome/thread/8581885?hl=en&msgid=16395751


How do you access an external USB hard drive and empty its Trash folder?

You can add this missing feature in LXDE, emptying the trash can using a menu thanks to the file manager actions, the easy way (it should be compatible with all versions of PCManFM except maybe Qt based builds, for now). Just open a LXTerminal and use these five commands:

sudo apt-get install trash-cli

mkdir --parents $HOME/.local/share/file-manager/actions

wget -O $HOME/.local/share/file-manager/actions/ask-trash-empty.desktop https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NicolasBernaerts/ubuntu-scripts/master/lubuntu/trash-empty/ask-trash-empty.desktop

sudo wget -O /usr/local/bin/ask-trash-empty https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NicolasBernaerts/ubuntu-scripts/master/lubuntu/trash-empty/ask-trash-empty

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ask-trash-empty

Now re-log in again, and that’s all.

This is just a copy/paste from https://lubuntu.me/pcmanfm-empty-trash-menu/, so all thanks should go to RedWolf
Note: A user at the Lubuntu site also mentions in comments  (which I can't test as I already have zenity installed)

"You first need to install zenity (sudo apt install zenity)


Why does Ubuntu boot from flash with the screen turned off?

This can have many reasons. For instance some laptops with two graphics chips switch off their monitor if both graphics chips are enabled simultaneously. If this is the case with your laptop, you should find a way to disable one of the graphics chips.

On some other laptops it helps to disable Kernel mode setting (mode setting is done by x.org in that case). If you are lucky, X.org detects the supported modes of the laptop screen correctly and your system simply works with KMS disabled. There is an answered question on how to disable KMS already. Also, if this works up to the point where X.org starts, maybe the supported resolutions are detected incorrectly. To fix this, you can try to boot to recovery mode and install proprietary GPU driers (those seem to detect the appropriate values more reliably) or to add modelines to xorg.conf.

In addition, you can try to disable the spash screen, or to display the boot process status messages (to get more information on what is going wrong). To do this, proceed just as with KMS, but remove the "quiet" and "splash" parameters.


install / remove button disabled on software center

Possible solutions:
1.Try reinstalling software center
(before reinstalling be sure to update the source list)
sudo apt-get purge software-center
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install software-center

If reinstalling doesn't help look at this one - Install button in Software Center is disabled


Ubuntu LTS20.04 night light is coming ahead of time

The night light starts to take effect earlier than the time set so that the user becomes accustomed to the change before it takes full effect.
It is a gradual process rather than an instant change.
There's a useful reference here


Alternative package manager for ubuntu terminal?

The only command line tool for package management that I can think of, other than apt-get and aptitude is dselect. It provides an interactive (curses?) interface for doing all of the common package management tasks.

It is not installed by default so will need to be installed using one of your existing package installation tools. See man dselect for more details about how to use it.


Ubuntu Mate 16.04 - Firefox crashes on load

Guy, in searching it looks like this latest Fire fox version is not yet compatible.  The work around is to downgrade to the earlier version.  Copy the  current mozilla directory, purge the current version of Firefox, then re-install, an earlier version.  Might need to go back to version 52 from 55, the current version.


Yes it is safe.But please keep a backup of your windows in case if something goes wrong.
Make sure that you do not play with partitioning.
Watch this video for instructions :  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3C7yINJQKW0
Yes, you are.


Definitely NOT.

A few suggestions to troubleshoot:

If you are able to login (X or terminal/SSH from another), check dmesg output
install bootchart http://www.bootchart.org (boot process) to identify the bottleneck
Edit /etc/default/grub
Comment out the following line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Run update-grub to update grub config
This will output more stuff during the boot process, something may ring a bell;-)

HTH


How to make an USB Ubuntu installation more compatible with different computers?

Full Install to USB - BIOS/UEFI

Perhaps one computer uses UEFI and the older computer BIOS.
If you would like your USB drive to be able to boot from multiple computers, both BIOS and UEFI:

Use mkusb to make a Live system on the Installer USB (2GB or larger).
Use mkusb to make a Persistent system on the Target 128GB USB using default settings with ~25GB persistence, (remaining NTFS partition is used as Windows accessible data partition).

As soon as mkusb finishes, open GParted and delete sdx4, the ISO9660 partition and expand sdx5 into the recovered space, sdx being the device name of the Target drive.

Unplug or remove HDD before proceeding further, (optional but recommended, highly recommended in UEFI mode).
Boot Installer drive, select Try.
Insert Target drive

Start Install Ubuntu...

Select Something else.
Select sdx5, (on the target drive), and click Change.

Select Use as: ext4, Format and Mount point: /.

Don't touch any other partitions (unless adding a /home partition).

Select sdx5 as Device for boot loader installation.
Complete installation.
Copy grub.cfg from sdx5/boot/grub and paste to sdx3/boot/grub, overwriting the existing grub.cfg file.
Boot the target drive and run sudo update-grub to add all drives to boot menu.
Do not install any propriety drivers, (ie Nvidia), on pre-18.04 installs.


What you want to do is to "hold" a package, to prevent it from being upgraded. The ubuntu documentation has a page dedicated to it, that will tell you how to hold a package, but with synaptics or the command line, and how to "un-hold" it


Slow Wireless Wifi Ubuntu 18.04, Ethernet Working Fine

After realizing my wireless worked on other networks, but not my home wifi, I performed the 30-30-30 factory reset on my wifi router, and everything worked again (both before and after reconfiguring the name/password).


File sharing through samba is not working over LAN

The directory /var/lib/samba/usershares is set up so only root or members of the sambashare group can read or write to it.

drwxrwx--T  2 root sambashare  4096 Mar 25  2012 usershares

That you can't access it (try it by cding to it) suggests to me that you're not in the sambashare group. You can test this with id $USER and assuming usershares is not in the output, you can fix all this just by running:

sudo usermod -a -G sambashare $USER

If you still get error 255 after adding the particular user to the group you might need to reboot.


From the diff manual:

  ‘lar’
  Add the lines in range r of the second file after line l of the
  first file. For example, ‘8a12,15’ means append lines 12–15 of file
  2 after line 8 of file 1; or, if changing file 2 into file 1, delete
  lines 12–15 of file 2.

  ‘fct’
  Replace the lines in range f of the first file with lines in range
  t of the second file. This is like a combined add and delete, but more compact. For example, ‘5,7c8,10’ means change lines 5–7 of file
  1 to read as lines 8–10 of file 2; or, if changing file 2 into file 1,
  change lines 8–10 of file 2 to read as lines 5–7 of file 1.

  ‘rdl’
  Delete the lines in range r from the first file; line l is where
  they would have appeared in the second file had they not been deleted.
  For example, ‘5,7d3’ means delete lines 5–7 of file 1; or, if
  changing file 2 into file 1, append lines 5–7 of file 1 after line 3
  of file 2.

The > and < make sense if you look at the side-by-side output format:

  ‘<’
  The files differ and only the first file contains the line.

  ‘>’
  The files differ and only the second file contains the line.

Example outputs from the manual:

side-by-side:

The Way that can be told of is n   <
The name that can be named is no   <
The Nameless is the origin of He        The Nameless is the origin of He
The Named is the mother of all t   |    The named is the mother of all t
                                   >
Therefore let there always be no        Therefore let there always be no
  so we may see their subtlety,           so we may see their subtlety,
And let there always be being,          And let there always be being,
  so we may see their outcome.            so we may see their outcome.
The two are the same,                   The two are the same,
But after they are produced,            But after they are produced,
  they have different names.              they have different names.
                                   >    They both may be called deep and
                                   >    Deeper and more profound,
                                   >    The door of all subtleties!

normal:

1,2d0
< The Way that can be told of is not the eternal Way;
< The name that can be named is not the eternal name.
4c2,3
< The Named is the mother of all things.
---
> The named is the mother of all things.
>
11a11,13
> They both may be called deep and profound.
> Deeper and more profound,
> The door of all subtleties!


"No Installation Candidate" when trying to install build-essential

Problem solved.  In Ubuntu Software Center >> Edit >> Software Sources, I changed the server to Main Server and then run sudo apt-get update.  Then sudo apt-get install build-essential  which worked.


Why can't I install the nvidia 304.60 driver in Ubuntu 12.10 AMD64?

The best (and safest) way of actually getting the 304.60 driver at this point is downloading it directly from NVIDIA and manually installing it.

Download the driver; the 64 bit driver is obtained here, or if the 32 bit driver is needed, it is here.
Drop into a console: Ctrl-Alt-F1 (In order to get back to the GUI, you can type Ctrl-Alt-F7)
Login as root (username, hit enter, password).
Terminate the current X session: sudo service lightdm stop.
In order to make sure no conflicts arise, it is safest to remove the currently installed NVIDIA driver before installing the new one: sudo apt-get purge nvidia-current nvidia-settings.
Now enter the directory where you downloaded the file, e.g. by typing cd ~/Downloads.
To actually install the driver, type sudo sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-304.60.run, replacing the name of the driver if needed.
Now just reboot (sudo reboot) to see if the new driver is working!


Generally when status=14 is seen, it’s because the MongoDB socket file isn’t owned by mongod. If the very first time you started MongoDB was as root then there’s a chance the socket file is owned by that account.
Fortunately, it’s not too hard to fix:

Open Terminal (if it’s not already open)
Stop MongoDB:
sudo mongo --eval "db.getSiblingDB('admin').shutdownServer()"

Go to the /tmp directory:
cd /tmp

Look for the socket file:
ls -l mongo*.sock

If the owner and group are not mongod:mongod, then update them:
sudo chown mongod:mongod mongodb-12345.sock

Note: If you receive an invalid user error, it means that there is no mongod user account and the database was installed under a different one. You can find the correct user in /etc/passwd.
Restart the MongoDB service:
sudo service mongod start

This should get the service up and running properly


The wine configuration is located not in the system-wide, but in the user dir (/home/user/.wine or simply in ~/.wine). You can backup this folder and run again the wine, this will create a new folder with all your configuration, including the wine's C:.

To simply delete this folder (including the drive_c) you can execute:

 rm -rf ~/.wine

To backup:

 mv ~/.wine ~/.wine.bak

Your old windows drive_c will be in ~/.wine.bak/drive_c

Next, you can reinstall your wine apps.


To go full screen in Unity 3D just press F11

Perhaps setting a full screen shortcut fails because it conflicts with the existing shortcut...


First use another computer to do this: https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu#1-overview
Then plug the USB stick (Flash Drive) into the tablet
On the boot tab of your BIOS select your USB Stick (Flash Drive) (This will usually contain the brand name eg. Sandisk or a name like "Generic USB Device" or "Generic Storage Device")
Go through the Ubuntu Installer and you're done!


Upgrade popup says my graphic hardware is not supported. Is this true?

Well for sure there is no FGLRX driver for your card. Moreover, I have radeon hd4550 and i've noticed performance drop using open source driver. Nothing nightmarish but i was used to more responsive system. So I would advise against an upgrade, at least for some time.

If you are willing to do some experimentation then you can try to downgrade xserver in ubuntu 12.10, so it will support the current FGLRX legacy driver. You can find full instruction here. Be advised that it can create all kinds of problems.


Adding multiple condition for iptables rules

I've not used u32 match engine a lot myself, but it looks like you could combine it, yes.

http://www.stearns.org/doc/iptables-u32.current.html

According to the documentation, you can chain with && so, what you came up with should work fine:

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 4031 -m u32 ! --u32 "0>>22&0x3c @12>>26&0x3c @0>>24&0xff=0x11 && 0>>22&0x3c @12>>26&0x3c @0&0xffff=0x0088,0x0089,0x008A" -j REJECT


I'm going to assume you installed wine via apt-get from the typical repositories or that you added a ppa for wine and installed it from there or generally just have wine installed such that any user can run it.  If you have some other setup, add a comment and I'll update my post.

So, here's what needs to be done:

You need to put the files somewhere that all the users that will be running wine can read/write.
You need to set the permissions on the directories and files so that all the users that will be running wine can use them.
You need to update any paths that refer to the old location

For 1 -- You can just copy the files to a common location, such as /opt/windows.  To do this: sudo cp -r /root/.wine /opt/windows

For 2 -- If you have more than one user that will be using the various windows applications, you will need to make sure they are all part of a common group, or if you only have one user you can set the owner to that user.

Option a:
If you have one user, just change the owner recursively for the directory.  This is easier, so I'll describe this first:

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /opt/windows

Option b:
If you have multiple users, then you need to create a new group, change the ownership of the directory to the new group, set file permissions, and then log out and back in so the new group settings take effect.  don't do this if you used the previous method of just one user.

sudo groupadd wine
sudo usermod -a -G wine $USER
sudo chgrp -R /opt/windows
sudo chmod -R g+rw /opt/windows
sudo find /opt/windows -type d | while read DIR ; do sudo chmod g+rwx "${DIR}" ; done
#this is where you would log out and back in.

Also, whenever you add a new user to the system and that user will be using wine, add them to the group: sudo usermod -a -G wine NEW_USER

For 3 --
When you run wine it puts files in ~/.wine/.  Some of these files contain absolute paths.  Since you've moved /root/.wine to /opt/windows, these paths need to be updated.  You can manually update these by using winecfg and updating the "Links to" entries for all the folders under the "Desktop Integration" tab.  If you created a new group for the user, then you need to have logged out and back in before you do this.  To do this, set the prefix for wine and run winecfg:

WINEPREFIX=/opt/windows winecfg

Once the paths have been updated, click okay and you should be ready to run any of the applications as a normal user.

Before you run any applications, you will need to set WINEPREFIX to /opt/windows.  If there are any ".desktop" files for applications you have installed, you need to modify them to include the WINEPREFIX.  You could also put export WINEPREFIX=/opt/windows in your .bash_profile or .bashrc so you don't have to manually specify it at the command line.

If you can update your question with a description of how you launch any of the installed applications I can further cater the answer.

Also, as an aside, when I install new applications through wine, I tend to use a different WINEPREFIX for each application.  That way if they have strange settings or incompatible dependencies, I don't inadvertently break old applications when installing new applications.  Then, for dependencies, I use winetricks to fetch and install.


Guest Session does not load ssL certificates on firefox

You can customize the guest session defaults to include the required certificates by following the instructions in this Help Wiki article:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CustomizeGuestSession


Why isn't the cppconn folder in /usr/include?

The problem is likely that you have not installed the libmysqlcppconn-dev  package, which provides the cppconn directory in /usr/include. You can install this package with:

sudo apt-get install libmysqlcppconn-dev


Where can I check what version of the Linux Kernel is released for 12.04?

http://packages.ubuntu.com enables you to get an overview of all supported operating systems. For instance, searching for Linux; http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?searchon=names&keywords=linux, will show that 3.2.0-8 is the current version in Precise.

For a commandline tool, you can use rmadison from the devscripts package. It will present results like this (skipping most):

jo-erlend@dev:~/$ rmadison linux
     linux | 3.0.0.12.14 |       oneiric | amd64, i386
     linux | 3.0.0.14.16 | oneiric-security | amd64, i386
     linux | 3.0.0.14.16 | oneiric-updates | amd64, i386
     linux | 3.0.0.15.17 | oneiric-proposed | amd64, i386
     linux | 3.2.0-8.14 |       precise | source
     linux |  3.2.0.8.8 |       precise | amd64, i386


GIMP plugin to change ticket number and export image automatically

I think I got it working.

The procedure is that you put the background image (named "background.png", the ticket without the number, but with 2014/) in a folder, together with the script below. Then, if you run the script (after editing the three lines in the head section):

The script produces numbers from 001 to 500 (but it can be any number you define in the head section)
Subsequently , using imagemagick:
the script creates (number by number) separate layers (files) with the number in the right position
it copies the background layer + number layers into a new file, saved in the same folder, for each number.
the script then removes the (temporary) additional layers

Notes

You may have to install imagemagick:

sudo apt-get install imagemagick

I used this free version of the font. It turned out that in the script, I had to set the absolute path to the font for it to work. I just copied it to ~/.fonts and used that path. In the head section of the script, set yours.

The script:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import subprocess
import os

curr_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

#---
number_of_tickets = 5
bg_file = curr_path+"/"+"background.png"
font = '/home/jacob/.fonts/dirt2 soulstalker.otf'
#---

def command(string, layer, position):
    return "convert -size 2858x1000 xc:None -fill black -font "+'"'+font+'"'+\
           " -stroke None -fill white -pointsize 123 -style Normal -gravity west -draw "+\
           position+"'"+string+"'"+'" '+layer

def print_tofile(string, number):
    print("creating file "+number+"."*3)
    layer_1 = curr_path+"/"+number+"_a.png"
    layer_2 = curr_path+"/"+number+"_b.png"
    cmd_1 = command(string, layer_1, '"text 497,-420 ')
    cmd_2 = command(string, layer_2, '"text 1035,-420 ')
    subprocess.call(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd_1])
    subprocess.call(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd_2])
    cmd_3 = "convert "+bg_file+" "+layer_1+" "+layer_2+\
            " -background None -layers merge "+curr_path+"/"+number+"_ticket.png"
    subprocess.call(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd_3])
    os.remove(layer_1)
    os.remove(layer_2)
    print("done")

ns = [str(n) for n in range(number_of_tickets+1)][1:]

for item in ns:
    number = str(int(3-len(item))*"0")+item
    string = number
    print_tofile(string, number)

How to use

Copy it into an empty file, in th head section of the script, set:

the number of tickets
the (absolute) path to the font
the name of the background image (ticket without numbers) if you want to change it

and save it as numbering.py, together with your background image (2858px by 1000px), named background.png in one and the same folder.

Run it by the command:

python3 /path/to/script.py


Just connect your USB stick in the pc, power on and press F12 for the advanced boot menu and choose USB.

If you have any files on the disk you need to keep, choose "Try Ubuntu" (be patient, it might be slow) and make a copy of your files somewhere else.

Then reboot and choose "install Ubuntu", entire disk. It will erase the windows partition and reformat it.

Follow instructions.


Converting Primary to Logical Partitions

You need to make some free space out of Windows 8 for Linux.

For this, in Windows 8, go to Disk Management tool.

In the Disk Management tool:

Right click on the drive and select shrink volume.

You must leave the free space.

Now, you go to Control Panel ---- Hardware and Sound --- Power Options --- System Settings --- Choose what the power buttons do --- Uncheck the Turn on fast startup box.

You will have to choose boot from USB option from within Windows itself, pressing shift key while clicking on Restart.

Reboot and in Bios options, You must disable: Secure boot in UEFI.

Plug in the USB, the Ubuntu Live USB and boot the system from it.

Once you have booted, you will be presented with option to try or install Ubuntu. Click on install.

In Installation Type. Choose Something else.

You shall use the free space to create Root /, Swap, and Home /home, partitions.

Select the free space and click on the + sign.

Once you are ready with Root, Swap and Home, click on Install Now


"Screen-Reader tool Orca" and extendable/customizable functionality in Ubuntu?

I found the answer here, in this comment, which does the trick in combination with festival:
(Although, these "free" speech synthesis are not even close to be as good as they ought to be!!)

wizo chocs says: March 2, 2012 at 12:49 pm

create this script xtalk

#!/bin/bash
xsel | festival --tts --pipe

set it executable chmod 755 xtalk
create a new custom keyboard shortcut, any key combo, i use ALT+X and the
prog to run is your xtalk script
select the text u want read press ALT+X


With a PPA for the Atom editor:

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/atom
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install atom

Or with my answer here.


How do I type on the next line in the Terminal?

As Web-E explains the most direct way to do what you want with two different commands, I thought I'd show that there are a number of ways to execute multiple commands or to continue commands onto another line without immediately executing them.

Continuing long commands:

1) The most common way to construct one long command is to enter your commands, then use a backslash \, press return, and then Bash will provide another prompt for you instead of executing the command. This secondary prompt is called PS2 and waits for your input:

find /home/mike/Downloads -type f -iname '*.jpg' \
>

You can keep on adding backslashes and pressing return as long as you want, as long as you think the overall command will make sense.

You can cancel this secondary prompt with the usual Ctrl+C.

2) Bash recognises some commands such as for loops (for i in....) and the prompt will appear immediately; just as it will if you miss a quotation mark off a command:

apt-cache search 'libgimp*
>

Multiple Commands:

3) As Lxnslck notes, you can separate commands with semicolons:

which vlc; whereis vlc

/usr/bin/vlc
vlc: /usr/bin/vlc /etc/vlc /usr/lib/vlc /usr/bin/X11/vlc /usr/share/vlc /usr/share/man/man1/vlc.1.gz

4) Or you can use the ampersand && to join two commands:

./configure && make


/var/www permissions have been changed with chmod -R 777

The standard, default permissions that get assigned to files and directories by the server are normally;

Files = 644  and  Directories = 755

chmod 755 $(find /var/www -type d)

chmod 644 $(find /var/www -type f)


Messed up partition table, not recognizible

I don't know anything about what you are currently running, but it should be possible to recover the partitions.

First: Get an empty hard disk that's big enough to hold a copy of your HDD. If those files have any value to you, you'll want to play safe and only work on a copy of the drive.

With the HDD and it's backup drive attached, run

sudo dd if=/dev/sdX of=/dev/sdY bs=1M

where sdX is your messed up drive and sdY the backup.

Now detach the original HDD and run testdisk (sudo apt-get install testdisk, then run sudo testdisk) on the copy like described in this detailed guide on the author's home page: http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Step_By_Step

Basically, this will search for your partitions and allow you to write the partition table back on the drive. If you haven't done anything but borked the first 512 Byte, there shouldn't be any problems recreating the table.


How do I find a package with a specific component in?

$ apt search xcb-composite
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
libxcb-composite0/bionic-updates 1.13-2~ubuntu18.04 amd64
  X C Binding, composite extension

libxcb-composite0-dev/bionic-updates 1.13-2~ubuntu18.04 amd64
  X C Binding, composite extension, development files

Sometimes it also helps to search the internet for the error message.

No package 'xcb-composite' found:

  It built OK here earlier. Make sure that this is installed:
  libxcb-composite0-dev.

To show a package's dependencies:

apt-cache showpkg <package-name>

Replace <package-name> with the name of the package.

The following command does the same thing as the previous command and in addition it has improved filtering that makes the results easier to read by showing only the package's dependencies:

apt-cache showpkg <package-name> | sed -n '/Dependencies:/,/^$/p'


How do I permanently removing a ban stored by Fail2Ban

The bans are stored in a SQLite3 database in /var/lib/fail2ban. To open it you need the package sqlite3 installed and if you want a GUI, use a tool like sqliteman.

The name of that database file is called:

/var/lib/fail2ban/fail2ban.sqlite3


Hmm, it seems you are running Ubuntu 16.04.

libxerces-c3.2 is not available in Ubuntu 16.04.

So, you have to resort to libxerces-c3.1:

sudo apt install build-essential autoconf automake libxmu-dev libfox-1.6-dev libproj-dev libxerces-c-dev libxerces-c3.1 libgdal-dev default-jdk

or manually download libxerces-c3.2 (may break some dependant packages):

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/x/xerces-c/libxerces-c3.2_3.2.0+debian-2_amd64.deb
dpkg -i libxerces-c3.2_3.2.0+debian-2_amd64.deb
sudo apt install build-essential autoconf automake libxmu-dev libfox-1.6-dev libproj-dev libxerces-c-dev libgdal-dev default-jdk

By the way, I think you confused libxmu-dev thinking libvmu-dev.


Something I do to get around issues like this: a SOCKS5 proxy over ssh.  If you've got a linux box outside of the network, you can do something like:

nohup ssh -D 8000 -C -N user@host > /dev/null 2>&1 &

This will open a secure ssh tunnel to your host, giving you a SOCKS5 proxy on port 8000, and disassociate it with the terminal (so you can close the window without losing your connection. To disconnect, you'd just need to kill the pid.)

Point your browser to your new proxy: localhost:8000, and go.  To get apt to use the proxy, you'd need to edit /etc/apt/apt.conf to containt the following line:

Acquire::socks::proxy "socks://localhost:8000/";

You probably would also want to point CLI utilities through your proxy, so you need to add it to your shell environment:

export SOCKS_SERVER=localhost:8000;

You can add this to your ~/.bashrc (assuming you are using bash) to make it available in all (new) terminal sessions.


Installed Ubuntu 14.04 on Mac 2013 laptop, but stuck at flashing folder and cannot use it

After getting Ubuntu installed, it will pop a window telling you to restart the computer. BEFORE you do that, follow the instructions in this guide to change the boot order so that Ubuntu is booted before Mac OS X.

That worked for me. Whew. (There are still many things you need to do to get Ubuntu working smoothly, but those are beyond the scope of this.)

Here's step #5 which was what I used.

  After installation, do NOT restart. We need to fix the EFI boot order information. Open a terminal, and type the following

sudo apt-get install efibootmgr

sudo efibootmgr

  You should see

 "ubuntu" is listed as Boot0000*

  If you had booted into MacOS before installation, you should see two other boot entries,

Boot0080*

  and

BootFFFF*

  (these were created by MacOS), but the EFI BootOrder is
  0080, which would make the laptop boot into MacOS only. To fix this, type

sudo efibootmgr -o 0,80

  (If you had wiped out MacOS, then you only need to specify 0 instead of 0,80 in the command above.) Reboot (a command for reboot is sudo reboot).


Hybrid graphic cards performance on Xenial 16.04

Try out with several PPA:

Updated and Optimized Open Graphics Drivers  (16.04, 17.10, 18.04)

padoka PPA (18.04 only)

Padoka Stable PPA  (16.04, 17.10)

I use the second one for Radeon 6550HD running on 18.04 LTS. When i was on 16.04 i used Oibaf's PPA. Anyway, it's easy to revert.


As per the official MongoDB docs, this what worked for me for Ubuntu 15.04 64 bit edition :-

echo "deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu trusty/mongodb-org/3.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.0.list

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org=3.0.6 mongodb-org-server=3.0.6 mongodb-org-shell=3.0.6 mongodb-org-mongos=3.0.6 mongodb-org-tools=3.0.6


You can use LDAP Authentication for setting users and policies for those users,

For more information check this

you can provide group policy in local machine using LDAP authentication


When upgrading, is there an easy way to remove old default packages?

You should be able to just run:

sudo apt-get autoremove

to remove packages that are no longer needed.
You can also use the "Local or Obsolete" filter in Synaptic at "Status" section.


how change file attributes to make it executable

I think the command you are looking for is bash.  Here's a link and example:

cd /home/username/Documents
touch runafile
gedit runafile

#!/bin/bash (hit Enter to go down one line)
echo "Hello world"

(type Ctrl-x to exit)
(type y for yes)
(hit Enter to keep the filename)

bash runafile

By default in Ubuntu, a plain text file executes by opening in gedit (you can change this by right-clicking the text file/Properties/Open With).  Are you attempting to execute a script?  You can execute any file from terminal like this:

cd /desired/path
./fileToExecute


The easiest way to delete a database from within a script is:

echo "drop database dbname" | mysql -u username -ppassword

This will start up the mysql command line client and execute the SQL statement that was piped into it by the echo command. In your script, you can either delete the database as soon as it has been backed up:

echo "drop database $db" | mysql -u username -ppassword

(within the do/done loop), or wait until the end of the script, when the whole backup is complete, and then do another loop through the databases and drop all of them:

for db in databases; do
  echo "drop database $db" | mysql -u username -ppassword
done;


Why do I get `egrep: /etc/shadow: Permission denied` when running this awk command?

See the permisions of /etc/shadow file:

ls -l /etc/shadow

The output is something like:

-rw-r----- 1 root shadow 1530 apr 10 08:47 /etc/shadow

So, only root and those users from shadow group have permissions to read that file. So, in conclusion, you need to run that command as root.

If you think that you run that compound command as root because you put sudo in front of it, you are wrong - in this case sudo affects only the awk command and nothing else after the pipe (|). I sugest you the following:

sudo -i
awk -v LIMIT=50000 -F: '($3>=LIMIT) && ($3!=65534) {print $1}' /etc/passwd | tee - |egrep -f - /etc/shadow > /home/bulgarini/server_transfer/shadow.sync
exit


Scanner Canon Pixma MX521 gets not recognized

You need the Canon drivers installed for the scanner too. After that you should have the ScanGear tool, that can be run with scangearmp.

More here on a similar issue.


Move ecryptfs .Private directory to another partition

I also wanted to accomplish the same thing, so I've tested a little bit and realized that symlinks alone can do what we want.

You can simply move the .Private folder to some other partition, and create a symlink at the old location pointing to the location of .Private in the new partition.

Automount and unmount still works perfectly.


"Unit gunicorn.service failed to load: No such file or directory" on Ubuntu 15.10?

What's happening is you are trying to use Upstart when you need to be using Systemd.  So, you need to be using the Systemd configuration, instead of Upstart.

Taken from http://docs.gunicorn.org/en/stable/deploy.html

  Systemd

  A tool that is starting to be common on linux systems is
  Systemd. Here are configurations files to set the Gunicorn launch in
  systemd and the interfaces on which Gunicorn will listen. The sockets
  will be managed by systemd:

/lib/systemd/system/gunicorn.service:

[Unit]
Description=gunicorn daemon
Requires=gunicorn.socket
After=network.target

[Service]
PIDFile=/run/gunicorn/pid
User=someuser
Group=someuser
WorkingDirectory=/home/someuser
ExecStart=/home/someuser/gunicorn/bin/gunicorn --pid /run/gunicorn/pid test:app
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

gunicorn.socket:

[Unit]
Description=gunicorn socket

[Socket]
ListenStream=/run/gunicorn/socket
ListenStream=0.0.0.0:9000
ListenStream=[::]:8000

[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target

tmpfiles.d/gunicorn.conf:

d /run/gunicorn 0755 someuser someuser -

After running curl http://localhost:9000/, Gunicorn should start and you should see something like that in logs:

2013-02-19 23:48:19 [31436] [DEBUG] Socket activation sockets: unix:/run/gunicorn/socket,http://0.0.0.0:9000,http://[::]:8000


How to install multiple ttf fonts for system-wide usage?

Installing TTF fonts system wide it's not difficult. You just need to create a directory inside /usr/share/fonts/truetype/, put there your *.ttf fonts and then update system font cache with fc-cache -fv (With the options -f for Force  re-generation of cache files and -v for Verbose).

Step by step:

Create your custom fonts directory (let's call it customfonts):

sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/truetype/customfonts
Copy your *.ttffonts there:

sudo cp ~/myfonts/*.ttf /usr/share/fonts/truetype/customfonts/
Update system font cache:

sudo fc-cache -fv

If you want to add more fonts later, just copy them to your usr/share/fonts/truetype/customfonts/ directory and update system font cache as above.


Ubuntu 18.10 + Wireless router (TP-Link) instability issue

I notice that you said:

  Both the laptop and the router are using the default configurations

First, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

sudo nano /etc/default/crda

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

After rebooting the computer, please give us your report.

EDIT: As you noted, there are many instances of 'ath10k_pci firmware crashed' in an internet search. Here is one that I suggest you try as the last post mentions a firmware change but no further complaints. https://github.com/manjaro/packages-core/issues/131

Let's try it. From the terminal, first, we back up the existing file:

cd /lib/firmware/ath10k/QCA6174/hw3.0
sudo mv firmware-6.bin firmware-6.bak

Now we get the new firmware file:

sudo wget https://github.com/kvalo/ath10k-firmware/blob/master/QCA6174/hw3.0/4.4.1.c1/firmware-6.bin_RM.4.4.1.c1-00042-QCARMSWP-1

Any we rename it:

sudo mv firmware-6.bin_RM.4.4.1.c1-00042-QCARMSWP-1 firmware-6.bin

Reboot and let us see:

dmesg | grep ath


I use Dell Vostro 1510. I once had problem with the Touchpad scroll (which stopped working) when I updated the Dell Touchpad. After the update, the Dell Touchpad changed to Synaptics PS/2 Port Touchpad.

This problem was solved thus: at the Start menu, click on Control Panel, in Device Manager, click on the Update Device Drivers, expand the tab named Mice and other Pointing Devices and double-click on Synaptics PS/2 Port Touchpad. At the Dell Touchpad Properties Dialog box that comes up, click on the Drivers tab and then click on Roll Back Drivers. Give it time to roll back to the original Dell Touchpad. Then restart and enjoy your Touchpad Scroll.

The steps are:

  Start menu → Control Panel → Update Device Drivers → Synaptics PS/2 Port Touchpad → Roll Back Drivers (under drivers tab)


Optimize your screen brightness, so it consumes less power.

Or you should also monitor your system activities by ctrl + tab and see if any process consuming lots of CPU and resources, Consuming more CPU results more heat up and less power.

Or you can install PowerTop to see what's taking the power so you can optimise your system.

To install: sudo apt-get install powertop


Ubuntu failed to boot after an error saving files (disk suddenly reported as full)

I would strongly suggest using a Live Ubuntu CD/Flash/Boot device to load a working image on to your computer, and then mounting that partition manually to see what could be occupying that partition. Personally I think the partition table has been corrupted, or there is damage to various sectors that make up the hard drive and the operating system routines are unable to figure things out. Perhaps an FSCK might help using alternate superblocks as a guide. What is /dev/sda5 actually comprised of (Physical, Logical, Hardware)? Is it really important to the boot process of your host?

Can you consider booting of the live image, mounting /cow (on target system) as /mnt (or something like that on the live system) and manually editing /etc/fstab to comment out the mount command for /dev/sda5 - that way your basic system (target system) will be at least be able to boot up, albeit missing /dev/sda5.

The process is difficult to grasp, but frequently done, and you will learn a lot in the process ... but will need a few tools as mentioned in : https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCdRecovery, also https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilesystemTroubleshooting, (hopefully you will not have serious problems, and can do: https://www.maketecheasier.com/check-repair-filesystem-fsck-linux/) and most relevant IMHO: Unmount drive from emergency mode


Unable to install Ubuntu on Lenovo Legion y530

I had searched for this post in the first week of september , and they created the post later on. Found it and now laptop is working well. Did follow the steps y mentioned.


Which version is python console in gedit 2.30.4?

I don't know which version it is, but it is easy to check the version from a Python interpretor session:

import sys; print (sys.version_info)


Pre question edit:

You need to:

Install the Oracle JDK
Install portable eclipse(I would recommend sticking with the openJDK and eclipse from repo in order to avoid known bugs with unity and java software)
Add the maven snap-in for eclipse

I think it's a duplicate question, but you combine multiple questions into one.  This violates the ask one question at a time component of the FAQ.

Post question edit:
You would need to look at the questions on installing eclipse and set your launcher to use a terminal so your .bashrc variables get applied.  An alternate solution would be to set up the environment variables in .profile. A better alternative is to use update alternatives, but this too is covered in the oracle-jdk question.

It's my opinion that it's still a duplicate despite having narrowed scope.


Set up nvidia drivers on iMac 21.5 (Ubuntu 13.10)

The solution is actually very simple: just boot with nolapic instead of acpi=off.


Can't boot into ubuntu 12.10 after installing on an UEFI system

Some computers have buggy EFI implementations that either "forget" the EFI's boot loader NVRAM entries (which normally hold the order in which boot loaders are tried) or that ignore entries other than those for Windows. In such cases, you need to do a workaround, which typically involves moving and renaming files so that the Ubuntu boot loader is installed where the Windows boot loader resides. There are several ways to do this:

You can use the Ubuntu Boot Repair tool. This should make the changes automatically; however, it does so by renaming the existing Windows entry in a way that could cause confusion or further problems down the road.
You can download the bootable USB flash drive or CD-R image of rEFInd, use that to boot Linux, install the Debian-package version of rEFInd within Ubuntu, and then type sudo mvrefind.sh /boot/efi/EFI/refind /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot. This will cause rEFInd, rather than GRUB, to come up as your default boot loader, and you should then be able to launch Ubuntu either directly or via GRUB.
You can do it manually by mounting your EFI System Partition (ESP), moving its EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi file down one directory, copying EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi to EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi, and adjusting your GRUB configuration to launch the Windows boot loader from its new location. This is obviously both more tedious and more likely to create problems because of a user error than either of the previous two options; but if you know what you're doing (or want to learn), you might prefer to take manual control of it.

There are other possible solutions, particularly if my diagnosis that you've got one of these buggy EFI implementations is incorrect. For instance, you might need to run efibootmgr (with suitable options for your installation) manually from an Ubuntu emergency disc. It's also conceivable that there's a firmware update available that fixes the bug.


Is it possible to use Ubuntu sources in Debian and vice versa?

If you use the Search box at the top of every AskUbuntu page on this topic, you will discover that folks have tried this before, and it frequently ended badly.
Ubuntu and Debian compile (mostly) the same source code...but at different times and against against different dependency versions. The results are often incompatible outside the specific distro and release. A .deb package is NOT universal.
Some packages (like scripts instead of compiled software) can indeed cross over without problems. However, such crossovers are untested and not guaranteed to work.


Bumblebee not working anymore after installing the new nvdia drivers

I think that I was in this situation in the past and that this helped.

In the terminal type or copy paste:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia-current

Then to make the optimus card functional you can try to install bumblebee again
here.


How to find who created user and with which command or which program?

When you have created a new user look in /var/log/auth.log; the details are in there. I just created new user jim by running sudo adduser jim, for example, and this is at the end of auth.log (I have removed the date and host name from the start of the log):


Your rule file should look like:

:syslogtag, isequal, "ABC:" /var/log/ABC.log

The syslogtag contains a : and should be enclosed in "".

Also, the file name must be before 50-default.conf in alphabetical order (for example 30-ABC.conf).

Note that the file /var/log/ABC.log should be writable by the 'syslog' user.

Source: how to filer rsyslog messages by tags.


Two solutions:

The first one is to put the full path of the command in /etc/rc.local:

/mypath/mycommand

or, the cron way:

crontab -e

@reboot cd /mypath;./mycommand

From the crontab manual:

 @reboot        Run once, at startup.


Output sound device changes automatically in Clementine

My Clementine shows the same behaviour. Though I noticed, that if you switch off automatic crossfading and let the playlist run, it is much better. However if you manually skip to the next song, Clementine will change the audio device.


Skype: Install Latest Version Notification

Install a package called alien. It converts .rpm files to .deb files.
apt-get install alien

Download the last version skypeforlinux_8.62.0.83-1.x86_64.rpm from https://repo.skype.com/rpm/stable/

Convert this .rpm package to a .deb package with:
alien skypeforlinux_8.62.0.83-1.x86_64.rpm

Install the resulting .deb package with:
dpkg -i skypeforlinux_8.62.0.83-2_amd64.deb


Can’t access Grub to reset root password

Download 20.04 and write the ISO to USB. Boot to the USB. (You can usually select which to boot first by pressing F12, ESC, or sometimes F2 - it will vary depending on the computer you own as it's not a standardized key.)
Now, in the live environment, you're going to mount the disk.
mkdir /mnt/fix
mount /dev/sdXX /mnt/fix

sdXX is your hard drive - it's usually sda.
Next, you're going to chroot to temporarily mount it as root.
chroot /mnt/fix

The hard work is over. You just use passwd or passwd <user> follow it with exit (to get out of chroot) when you're done. Then, just unmount your disk with:
umount /mnt/fix

Reboot following the usual methods, being sure to remove the USB when prompted to do so. Your new password should be whatever you set it to.


How to remove Alt+F7 window moving hot-key in Xubuntu?

Settings - Window Manager - Keyboard

Double Click the short cut field and choose the key-combination you want


Apt Autoremove Fails after Upgrading to 12.10

I'm not sure if this is the wisest way to deal with this but this should work (run the following as root):

rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info/emacsen-*
rm -rf /var/cache/apt/archives/emacsen-*
apt-get upgrade
apt-get autoremove


/etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter-ubuntu.conf doesn't exist installing lightdm-gtk-greeter

The easiest way to add a desktop to a server is to run this command:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

OTOH, then you would be far from a "minimal system"...


Sometimes chromium stops recognizing keystrokes for me, too, especially if I hold down the backspace key. When it does this I run ibus reset from command line and it makes it work again. This could work for you too.

There's more information on this page: Keybord input not work in Chromium 34 Ubuntu 14.04 aura (260972) [using Fcitx would avoid this issue]


As far as I know this is a limitation of the DBE and double buffering is not possible with Xinerama

There is a discussion here with a link to the source code

http://www.nvnews.net/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=110660

I've not found anything more up to date.


Unable to launch Skype in Ubuntu 13.10 64bit - Symbol Lookup Error

I fixed the skype launch and audio issue the following way:

To run Skype from Terminal: Point it to the i386 libraries like shown below

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC=30 /usr/bin/skype

To Launch the Skype from Dash: Edit the file '/usr/share/applications/skype.desktop'

sudo YOUR_FAVORITE_EDITOR_HERE /usr/share/applications/skype.desktop

Change this line

Exec=env PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC=60 skype %U

to

Exec=env PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC=30 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ skype %U

Note: I changed the pulse latency to 30 from 60 to make the audio work and added the LD_LIBRARY_PATH

This was reported to still work with Ubuntu 14.04.


To do that, you need to specify where every partition is mounted  in fstab.

Tutorial

Get the UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) of every of your hard drives you like to mount in one and the same folder.
Plug the HDD in and run

sudo blkid

and copy the UUID of the drive you want to mount. Write it down on a piece of paper or, for less typing, in a text file. Repeat for all three disks.
Create the main folder for your mounts.

sudo mkdir /mnt/winexternal

Create a symlink for each of your drives.

sudo ln -s /mnt/winexternal /mnt/drive1
sudo ln -s /mnt/winexternal /mnt/drive2
sudo ln -s /mnt/winexternal /mnt/drive3
...

Edit /etc/fstab to specify a mount point for each of your drives.
Add the following lines to the end of the file. (Make sure to create a backup first!).

UUID=<UUID_OF_DRIVE_ONE>    /mnt/drive1    ntfs    auto,defaults    0    0
UUID=<UUID_OF_DRIVE_TWO>    /mnt/drive2    ext4    auto,defaults    0    0
UUID=<UUID_OF_DRIVE_THREE>    /mnt/drive3    vfat    auto,defaults    0    0

Make sure to replace the placeholders <...> with the actual UUID of the drive and adjust the filesystem type (ntfs/ext4/vfat) to match with the drive.

Now, when you plug in a drive, you should be able to see it's contents in /mnt/winexternal. If you then unplug it and plug in the next one, the folder will show it's contents and the same goes for the third drive.

CAUTION

Unmount the disk before you pull it out. Else, the other drives can't be mounted until a reboot.

Also, make sure that only one drive is connected at a time, else... well, I don't know, but something like your computer bursting into flames or something like that. ;)

No seriously, DON'T DO IT! (Probably causes data loss...)


Resize Ubuntu partition to increase its size without reinstalling Ubuntu

You can increase your Ubuntu partition if you have free space in your hdd in any other partition.

You must boot from Ubuntu live disk.So that all the partitions will be unmounted.And make sure that no one is mounted.
After opening gparted, right click on the partition with free space and select Resize/Move option. Resize it to get unallocated space.
You need to move the unallocated space just to right of the partition where Ubuntu is installed, so that it can be combined with your Ubuntu partition.
Right click on the partition you just shrinked, select Resize/Move and move the dragger to the extreme right, so that the unallocated space will be moved to left of the partition.
Try the above step to move the unallocated space just to the right of the Ubuntu partition (if you have many partition in between.)
Now right-click on the Ubuntu partition and select Resize/Move option. Now you can be able to add the unallocated space to the Ubuntu partition.

If you are using Wubi (Ubuntu installed under Windows), the normal resize methods (Gparted, etc.) won't work and you have to follow these steps.

Resize root.disk

You have to boot from a live CD/USB. This won't work while running Wubi.
Backup the root.disk (not required, but a good idea)
Mount the NTFS partition that your root.disk is on (this example assumes it's /dev/sda1 and the mountpoint is /media/win - adjust accordingly in the following instructions):

  sudo mkdir -p /media/win
  sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/win

Check the size of the root.disk (not required)

  du -h --apparent-size /media/win/ubuntu/disks/root.disk

Run fsck on the root.disk

  fsck -f /media/win/ubuntu/disks/root.disk

Resize - specify the desired final size (this example resizes to 10 GB)

  resize2fs /media/win/ubuntu/disks/root.disk 10G

Reboot back into Wubi Ubuntu

Live Resize

Rather than boot from the livecd, it is possible to extend the disk online with the following commands:

 sudo dd if=/dev/zero bs=1MiB of=/host/ubuntu/disks/root.disk conv=notrunc oflag=append count=2048
 sudo losetup -c /dev/loop0/
 sudo resize2fs /dev/loop0

This will add 2 GiB to the disk. Adjust the count=2048 argument for different sizes.


How can I change the permission on Ubuntu 20.04 to allow ':' on filename of NTFS external drive

SOLVED:
I add this to the mount command of the external harddrive:

iocharset=utf8

And now I'm able to save files with : in filename.


unable to find my hard drives in ubuntu 14.04 in device

While I'm not quite sure sure what you exactly mean by "opening your files" and where you were expecting your hard drives to appear, I'll take a stab at it.

My guess is that you haven't lost your data.  My guess is that you just don't have the disk mounted.

If indeed you have multiple hard drives, other than the one you're running ubuntu on, Ubuntu doesn't automatically mount them; you need to manually do that.

Here's how

To keep it simple, let's do this via the terminal so go ahead and open that.

then enter the following to list all available disks and their respective partitons on the system.

lsblk

My output looks like this:

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0  29.8G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0   833M  0 part /boot
└─sda2   8:2    0  25.2G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0 465.8G  0 disk
├─sdb1   8:17   0   667M  0 part
├─sdb2   8:18   0     1K  0 part
├─sdb5   8:21   0  11.2G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sdb6   8:22   0  18.6G  0 part
├─sdb7   8:23   0 344.6G  0 part /home
└─sdb8   8:24   0  90.7G  0 part
sdc      8:32   0 931.5G  0 disk
└─sdc1   8:33   0 931.5G  0 part

As noted in the comments, you won't see C: or D: or whatever.  Instead you'll see something like sda (for example) and then its respective partitions sda1 and sda2.  Sda is an actual disk which is divided into partitions 1 and 2.

The best way to tell what it is is by the size of each disk and its description, product and vendor.  I know, for example that my solid state drive is /dev/sda above because it's 30Gigs.  I then can guess what each partition does based on its size, mountpoint etc.  Worst case scenario I can try mounting each one and seeing what I find.

Now you are ready to mount the partition.  So if we wanted to mount /dev/sda1 we would run

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

Then to check out the files, you just navigate to the directory /mnt and browse it like a regular directory (as that's pretty much what it is).

To unmount the partition (like if you wanted to use mnt to check another partition) run the following:

sudo umount /mnt

If you want to mount it each time you run the machine, there are a variety of gui mount managers out there that can help you.


How to revert my Ubuntu system to previous state before an update

You can determine the packages that were updated by referring to /var/log/apt/history.log
You can then attempt to downgrade the offending package(s) using standard package management tools such as aptitude or synaptic.  You may run into difficulties with dependencies, however.


it seems that extras not available in extras.ubuntu.com you need to disable the request by editing source list use following command

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

add # in following urls Eg.
"#http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/natty/main/source/Sources"
"#http://extras/ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/natty/main/binary-amd64/Packages"
"#http://extras/ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/natty/main/binary-i386/Packages"

and try updating.

or upgrade distro


Attempt of apt-get install sftp fails with : E: Package 'sftp' has no installation candidate

I believe the package you want to install is openssh-server.

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

Source: How to setup a restricted SFTP server on Ubuntu?


For what it's worth, qemu was running very slowly on my Ubuntu 14.04 installation. I installed qemu-kvm after installing qemu, and started the program with following command:

kvm -cdrom xxxx.iso -m 700 -boot d

The difference was amazing, and runs very fast now.


Apparently system is getting up and shutting down flawlessly, so since I still haven't figured out what was wrong all I can suggest is to update either with update manager or from console with sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade.


Residue Xvnc process after exiting Windows Remote Desktop Connection to an Ubuntu machine

Turns out it was session cache history which might have been saved previously.

  Unticked 'automatically save session' in 'Session and Startup' in XRDP
  desktop settings
  Cleared $HOME/.cache/sessions/xfce4-session-* (all of the previously
  saved session data).
  And restarted xrdp service

This link helped
https://forum.xfce.org/viewtopic.php?id=6580


Alt+Shift doesn't change keyboard language on Ubuntu Kylin

The input method configuration window you show is the Fcitx one. Assuming you have Fcitx configured (you can check that via the Language Support tool), the default Fcitx shortcut for switching input source is Ctrl+Shift. You can change that in the Global Config tab.


How do I configure Thunderbird Unity integration, particularly the monitoring of selected folders?

With Thunderbird running select Edit -> Preferences, in the dialogue box that opens up on the General tab simply select the option as shown below;


How do I report that Chrome's Remote Desktop causing multiple, severe problems?

Visit the support page of the developer, and provide a detailed explanation of how it misbehaves with 18.04, as well as the version of Chrome you are using. For that, click on the menu button, then click on Help, then About Google Chrome.

Please be prepared for requests to do things you may not think are relevant, as they know what's under the hood of their code and may be looking for things you won't see.


This is a confirmed bug and there is nothing that you can do for the moment to fix it (I have the same issue):

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xorg-server/+bug/830063
http://marc.info/?l=linux-input&m=135047785511198&w=2
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=21266

Also, setleds it's working only in console mode (one among tty1-tty6), but this will not solve the problem. Check man setleds to see what it's purpose is (there is also one example there).


Yes, you can. They are installed on a different places. But if you would like to run them together in the same time, you need to use different listening port of the webserver.

Apache HTTP Server is installed to listen on port 80, the default webserver port (use localhost in your browser). Tomcat6 comes configured to use 8080 (use localhost:8080 in your browser)

So in default configurations the webservers do not clashes.


The output of netstat command would be like,

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State

Explanation of the above format are shown below.

From man netstat,

   Proto
       The protocol (tcp, udp, raw) used by the socket.

   Recv-Q
       The  count  of  bytes  not copied by the user program connected to this
       socket.

   Send-Q
       The count of bytes not acknowledged by the remote host.

   Local Address
       Address and port number of the local end of  the  socket.   Unless  the
       --numeric  (-n)  option is specified, the socket address is resolved to
       its canonical host name (FQDN), and the port number is translated  into
       the corresponding service name.

   Foreign Address
       Address  and port number of the remote end of the socket.  Analogous to
       "Local Address."

   State
       The state of the socket. Since there are no states in raw mode and usu‐
       ally  no  states  used  in UDP, this column may be left blank.Normally
   this can be one of several values:

   ESTABLISHED
          The socket has an established connection.

   SYN_SENT
          The socket is actively attempting to establish a connection.

   SYN_RECV
          A connection request has been received from the network.

   FIN_WAIT1
          The socket is closed, and the connection is shutting down.

   FIN_WAIT2
          Connection is closed, and the socket is waiting for  a  shutdown
          from the remote end.

   TIME_WAIT
          The socket is waiting after close to handle packets still in the
          network.

   CLOSE  The socket is not being used.

   CLOSE_WAIT
          The remote end has shut down, waiting for the socket to close.

   LAST_ACK
          The remote end has shut down, and the socket is closed.  Waiting
          for acknowledgement.

   LISTEN The  socket is listening for incoming connections.  Such sockets
          are not included in the output unless you specify the  --listen‐
          ing (-l) or --all (-a) option.

Your example:

tcp        0      0 *:ftp                   *:*                     LISTEN

0 - zero byte count
*:* - Foreign address would be anything in the format of :(anything:anything). Not mentioned any particular address.


spl-dkms fails to compile for 4.13.0-32 on xenial

Unless you have specif reason to run 4.13 kernel, you could try earlier version (for example, 4.10), against which zfs and spl dkms compile just fine. You can download it from kernel.ubuntu.com and then:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure spl-dkms
sudo dpkg-reconfigure zfs-dkms

Version 4.10 already works with TCP BBR congestion control (if by aby chance you were looking fot his.)


Can run 3D games but not Unity(only 2D version). GeForce 8800 GTS 12.04

You need disable flipping in OpenGl Settings:


How would I go about connecting to a network drive from a VPN using Cisco AnyConnect?

You need to use Samba on your Ubuntu server.