Please do not forget to make your BIOS boot on sda6/EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi file!

There is a blog post discussing this at http://adityagilra.blogspot.com/2014/11/fixing-ubuntu-boot-problems-with-boot.html

  """You can now reboot your computer. Please do not forget to make your
  BIOS boot on sda1/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi file!""" I think they just
  mean that: enable UEFI and set the boot order to first boot HDD in the
  BIOS.

  But you can check using efibootmgr:

  I installed efibootmgr using synaptic. (see
  http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2023086)

  (If you're not root, use sudo efibootmgr -v can become root by sudo
  su -) root@ubuntu:~# efibootmgr -v BootOrder: 0000,0000,0000,0000
  Boot0000* ubuntu
  HD(1,22,2faf1,d6f60eae-849f-43e3-836c-2280067f3161)File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)

According to What is the difference between grubx64 and shimx64? shimx64.efi is for Secure Boot.

As noted at the Arch Boot Process:

  A boot entry could simply be a disk. In this case the firmware looks
  for an EFI system partition on that disk and tries to find a EFI
  application in the fallback boot path \EFI\BOOT\BOOTX64.EFI
  (BOOTIA32.EFI on IA32 (32-bit) EFI systems). This is how UEFI bootable
  removable media work.

Honestly, the warning message should probably be removed from that boot-repair utility, altho I'm not so sure it's well-maintained.


How do I stop my Emachines E443 system from freezing either at the login screen or right after I get in?

I have the same notebook and had the same issue, and it is something network related; the workaround is entering in BIOS setup and setting Network Boot as first boot method.


Python not working after trying to upgrade to a newer version of Python

I have solved the problem using virtualenv.

sudo easy_install virtualenv

Here is a great tutorial on how to set up self-contained python environments with different versions of python as well as different packages. In addition, here is a SO Q&A where they also address the usage of virtualenvwrapper. I hope this aids anyone else who may have gotten a bit too curious for their own good with Django and Python as far as updating and configuration. ;) Oops. Lesson learned. If you find this helpful kindly give it the old thumbs up, thanks.


Weird display scaling problem after login

This is apparently a recently introduced mutter bug. See the bug report for temporary workarounds


How can I get nVidia CUDA or OpenCL working on a laptop with nVidia discrete card/Intel Integrated Graphics?

I've just done some experimenation and can confirm Eric Appleman's statements that Bumblebee is not necessary for CUDA. (more about Bumblebee: Is a NVIDIA GeForce with Optimus Technology supported by Ubuntu?)

However, when you need to show graphical examples using OpenGL, you do need something like Bumblebee for Optimus systems, otherwise you either don't see anything on your display or get the error:

ERROR: Support for necessary OpenGL extensions missing.

When running a CUDA program, you need to install the CUDA toolkit and a nvidia driver. If you intend to compile programs, you also need the SDK. The installers can be found on http://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads, please read the below instructions before borking your Optimus laptop.

Installing CUDA

Driver

I recommend to install the nvidia driver from Ubuntu's package manager. If you install Bumblebee, you don't need to worry about the driver. Otherwise, after installation, disable the nvidia libraries as described on https://askubuntu.com/a/107746/6969. If you do not do so, you'll loose 3D acceleraration and possibly get stuck on a low resolution.

Toolkit

Basically you have to download the installer, make it executable and run it.
 - Download the installer. As of this writing, 4.2.9 is the most recent driver. As I've a 64-bit OS, I use the 64-bit 11.04 Ubuntu package (though I'm running 12.04)
 - Make it executable and allow installation to /usr/local/cuda:

chmod +x cudatoolkit_4.2.9_linux_64_ubuntu11.04.run
sudo ./cudatoolkit_4.2.9_linux_64_ubuntu11.04.run

When the installation message occurs which asks you where to install CUDA, just press Enter to accept the default /usr/local/cuda:

......................................
Enter install path (default /usr/local/cuda, '/cuda' will be appended):

After installation, it'll print some messages that suggest to put the cuda library directory to your library search path:

========================================

* Please make sure your PATH includes /tmp/cuda/cuda/bin
* Please make sure your LD_LIBRARY_PATH
*   for 32-bit Linux distributions includes /tmp/cuda/cuda/lib
*   for 64-bit Linux distributions includes /tmp/cuda/cuda/lib64:/tmp/cuda/cuda/lib
* OR
*   for 32-bit Linux distributions add /tmp/cuda/cuda/lib
*   for 64-bit Linux distributions add /tmp/cuda/cuda/lib64 and /tmp/cuda/cuda/lib
* to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as root

* Please read the release notes in /tmp/cuda/cuda/doc/

* To uninstall CUDA, remove the CUDA files in /tmp/cuda/cuda
* Installation Complete

You may skip this step if you want, but then you've to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:/usr/local/cuda/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH later when running a program.

SDK

If you want to be able to compile CUDA applications, you can install the SDK in a similar way as described above. Download, make it executable and run it (not as root, e.g. without sudo!). When compiling parts of it, I had to make some changes to NVIDIA_GPU_Computing_SDK/C/common/common.mk though:

after about line 189, OPENGLLIB := -lGL -lGLU -lX11 -lXi -lXmu, add:

OPENGLLIB += -L/usr/lib/nvidia-current -L/usr/lib32/nvidia-current

after about line 271, swap ${RENDERCHECKGLLIB} with ${OPENGLLIB} such that it looks like:

LIB += $(RENDERCHECKGLLIB) ${OPENGLLIB} $(PARAMGLLIB) ${LIB} -ldl -rdynamic

a few (5) lines further, do the same, but remove -lcuda too.
a few (7) lines further, do the same as you did in line 271.

Using CUDA

CUDA does not need a nvidia-driven X server to work. In that case you can run your random test program like:

  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/nvidia-current:/usr/lib32/nvidia-current:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH someComputallyIntensiveProgram

If you have not added CUDA to your library path, you will need:

  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/nvidia-current:/usr/lib32/nvidia-current:/usr/local/cuda/lib64:/usr/local/cuda/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH someComputallyIntensiveProgram

(you can strip the 32-bit paths from it if your program is 64-bit).

If the CUDA program does have something to display using OpenGL, you have to use optirun:

 optirun blender

Or, if you did not have CUDA added to your default path:

  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:/usr/local/cuda/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH optirun blender


Ubuntu 18.04 headless with Nvidia card - Nvidia persistence

You can launch nvidia persistence by running

sudo nvidia-persistenced

As this runs the persistence daemon with root privileges, you might want to use the --user flag. If you want to start it automatically on boot, you can modify the service /lib/systemd/system/nvidia-persistenced.service to use --persistence-mode instead of --no-persistence-mode.

You can check that by using nvidia-smi, which should show on the top left corner, that Persistence-M is On.


No application icon in Unity bar with Skype 4.0

You have to install sni-qt  package:

If your Ubuntu is 32 bits:

sudo apt-get install sni-qt

Or, if you are using 64 bits:

sudo apt-get install sni-qt:i386

I'm not sure if you need to logout / login afterwards, but Skype will then appear together with other indicators.


You need to use the service command, like so:

sudo service vsftpd restart

The guide you're following is from 2007. Since then, the way of interacting with services has changed.


The missing file libicuuc.so.52 is part of the package libicuuc52 in Vivid.
In Wily there is the newer version libicuuc55.

You have at least two options. If the first option doesn't work, use the second - but not both at the same time. ;)

Download and install the Vivid package

cd
wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/libicu52_52.1-8ubuntu0.2_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libicu52_52.1-8ubuntu0.2

OR

Install the version for Wily and create a symbolic link

sudo apt-get install libicu55
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicuuc.so.55 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicuuc.so.52


Is it possible to emulate a (windows) raid controller to recover a raid1 mirror?

You can try using DMRAID. Just follow this instructions: Mounting FakeRAID

Please note, that fake raid controller are just like software raids. Linux will show you both hard drives even they are in raid mode.

But, I think it would be more safe to mount the hard drive with Windows and creating a backup. Using DMRaid could break your file system. You should also avoid using dynamic Windows volumes. If there is no license/installation media for Windows anymore you can download the Evaluation Version of Windows 2008 R2 Server: Windows 2008 R2 Evaluation Version

The best way for changing a operating system is to backup a raid on a extra device and rebuild the raid after installing the new operating system.


15.04: System will not shutdown or restart

The problem is solved. I have in the fstab the entry 'x-gvfs-show' removed.

old:

UUID=e6e1e5b3-5395-4145-9504-54bb926aab76 /media/conte/lw500 auto nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show 0 0

new:

UUID=e6e1e5b3-5395-4145-9504-54bb926aab76 /media/conte/lw500 auto nosuid,nodev,nofail 0 0

Now both, the restart and shutdown works properly again.


Ubuntu 13.04 'brightness and lock' not working!

You can change brightness using command line as follows:

Open Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and type

$ ls /sys/class/backlight/

You will get some output like intel_backlight  sony. If you have intel_backlight as one of the outputs, it means that you have Intel Graphic driver installed.
To know the maximum brightness supported by your screen, type

$ cat /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/max_brightness

Here, intel_backlight can be replaced by your graphic driver folder name.
To change the brightness to your desired level, type

$ echo 3000 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

where 3000 can be replaced by your desired brightness level, upto your maximum screen brightness number.

For more information, refer to this backlight Wiki.


Where can I find older versions of chrome?


Turns out the problem was cpufreqd, which had gotten pulled in when I installed Ubuntu MATE Desktop. Removing it returned control to the system and now I can use my system without it unnecessarily overheating.


Ethernet not working well in Ubuntu 18.04 on new desktop

The solution is available at this off-SO link.

In summary, here is what I did that solved the issue.

Inserted a WiFi USB dongle and connected to the WiFi router, and tested that internet connection is working.
Did: sudo apt-get update
Did: sudo apt-get install r8168-dkms to install the r8168 kernel driver (suppressing the r8169 driver that came default with the kernel)
Reboot the PC
After reboot the Wired Ethernet started working.


We can limit what logs git outputs based on who (--author: can be a name or email) and when (--since: takes a bizarre number of formats and fuzzy strings).

Then we just need to find lines that start with T=, add plus symbols between all the numbers and feed them into the command line calculator bc.

$ git log --all --author=Oli --since="1 week" | grep -oP '(?<=T=)[\d.]+' | paste -sd+ | bc
30.5

Or with an awk:

$ git log --all --author=Oli --since="1 week" | awk -F= '/T\=[0-9.]+/{t+=$2} END{print t}'
30.5

Urgh, only 30.5 hours?! It feels like 60.

In a bigger project with millions of commits, it might be wise to add on a --grep '^T=' to the git log command. This will do a quick filter down internally before the external grep conditions the data.

A problem occurred after starting to use this. I needed to reset the clock. I've been through several iterations of script (lots of clever piping) but thanks to git rebase and other tree-messing-up operations, the best way to sort commits by date, and so they only show up once is to do it manually.

Therefore I present the ugliest functional script I think I've ever written.

TOTAL=0
STARTD=""

function dfmt {
    date -d$1 +%Y-%m-%d
}

while read DATE HASH; do
    [[ -z $STARTD ]] && STARTD=$DATE
    while read M; do
        if [[ $M == "RESET" ]]; then
            echo -e "$(dfmt $STARTD) to $(dfmt $DATE)\t$TOTAL"
            TOTAL=0
            STARTD=$DATE
        else
            TOTAL=$(bc <<< "$TOTAL + $M")
        fi
    done < <(git show -s $HASH | grep -oP '(?<=T=)([\d.]+|RESET)')
done < <(git log --author=Oli --all --pretty="%aI %H" | sort -u -k1,1)

echo -e "$(dfmt $STARTD) to $(dfmt now)*\t$TOTAL\t" $(bc <<< "scale=2; $TOTAL / 8.0") " days"

This parses every commit and outputs every billing chunk (between T=RESET tokens). It's much better. It's much slower. It seems inevitable that I'll rewrite this in Python one day but I have to do paying work for now :)


What kernel options should I use to enable 4 cores in my intel processor?

I've removed acpi_osi= from boot options and now I have intel CPU with 4 cores. I thought that's needed for keyboard back lighting and fn keys, but it work without it.


Starting Apache2 ... fail because -> Another web server is already runing, Ubuntu 18.04

You have another web server running, namely nginx:

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1223/nginx: master
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      1223/nginx: master

If you stop it using sudo systemctl stop nginx.service, you should be able to start Apache.


ncurses cannot print consecutive symbols

Initialization begins with initscr (or newterm, if you read the manual page). As written, the program would print something to the screen, and exit without pausing (and if your terminal uses the alternate screen, the text would vanish or get replaced).

Quoting from ncurses manpages

  The  function  initscr  or  newterm  must  be  called to initialize the library before any of the other routines that  deal  with  windows  and screens are used.  The routine endwin(3x) must be called before exiting.

So, as soon as you declare your main(), call the function initscr() for initialization.


Turn off Motherboard/PC Speaker "beep" in Ubuntu 16.04 regression

After much searching I found typing this in the Terminal works:

pactl upload-sample /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/message.ogg bell.ogg

It will give a soft bubble popping sound instead of annoying beep. All the other .ogg files can be used from /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo and /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/notifications.

The next step is to make it persistent but at least after long hours of searching progress has been made!

Edit 1 - Making it persistent

Internet searches suggest putting:

pactl upload-sample /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/message.ogg bell.ogg

into the file ~/.profile but that didn't work. Perhaps pulseaudio wasn't running at that time?

So I ended up putting it in Startup Applications in this screen:

Now it the annoying beeping is gone and a soft bubble popping sound works like a charm in the terminal and gedit.

Edit 2 - Create bash playall, default and menu scripts

Rather than switching directories to select the bell de jour I created a new directory and copied sound candidates from /usr/share/sounds/.../... there:

$ ls /usr/local/bin/bell/sounds
Amsterdam.ogg  Blip.ogg     Mallet.ogg   Positive.ogg  Slick.ogg
bell.ogg       default.ogg  message.ogg  Rhodes.ogg

Next I created a script to sample all sounds in a directory. If a given sound file plays to long you can skip to the end with Ctrl+C.

$cat /usr/local/bin/playall-bells
#! /bin/bash

# NAME: playall-bells
# PATH: /usr/local/bin
# DESC: Play all songs in directory /usr/local/bin/bell/sounds.
#       Parameter 1 can override to different directory.
# CALL: Typically call with "playall-bells" (no parameters).
# DATE: Created Sep 30 2016.

DIRNAME="$1"

# if no parameters set DIRNAME to bell/sounds
if [ $# == 0 ]; then
    DIRNAME=/usr/local/bin/bell/sounds
fi

# Cookie cutter debug section. Remove # from echo's
#echo "********************************************************"
#echo "*                                                      *"
#echo "*  THE DIRECTORY IS: $DIRNAME"
#echo "*                                                      *"
#echo "********************************************************"

for file in $DIRNAME
do
    printf $DIRNAME
    ogg123 $DIRNAME # If a sound plays too long <Ctrl>+C for next
done

A special sound file called default.ogg is used to set the bell sound during boot. To set the default a new script was created.

$cat /usr/local/bin/load-default-bell
#! /bin/bash

# NAME: load-default-bell
# PATH: /usr/local/bin
#      `.ogg` sound files are stored in `/usr/local/bin/bell/sounds`
# DESC: Load bell sound to pulseaudio.
# CALL: Call with "load-default-bell" (no parameters)
#       Does not work in "~/.profile" as some users suggest
#       Works in "Startup Applications" locatable by "Dash"
# DATE: Created Sep 30 2016.
# UPDT: Oct 1 2016 - Play new bell sound after load to pulseaudio.
#       Oct 2 2016 - bell-select-menu has been created to manage default.

# NOTE: Use Nautilus or Terminal Menu to copy desired <sound>.ogg to
#       default.ogg. This sound in turn is uploaded to pulse-audio.
#       New script `bell-select-menu` will update default sound file.
#       Name of the game is to replace annoying motherboard speaker
#       beep which is a regression in Ubuntu 16.04.

pactl upload-sample /usr/local/bin/bell/sounds/default.ogg bell.ogg
printf '\a' # play new bell sound

Coinciding with the new script above the Startup Applications described above was changed to look like this:

The final step was to create a bash menu to play all sounds, listen to a single sound and update last listened to single sound to the default. The menu design was taken from this askubuntu quesiton: Create bash menu based on file list (map files to numbers). If you like my menu you should go to that question and up-vote that author's answer.

$cat /usr/local/bin/bell-select-menu
#! /bin/bash

# NAME: bell-select-menu
# PATH: /usr/local/bin
# DESC: Present menu of bell sounds to listen to all, listen to one and update default.
# CALL: bell-select-menu
# DATE: Created Oct 1, 2016.

echo "The following /usr/local/bin/bell/sounds were found"

# set the prompt used by select, replacing "#?"
PS3="'a' to hear to all files, use number to hear a single file,
'u' to update last single file heard as new default, or 'q' to quit: "

lastfile="none"

# allow the user to choose a file
select filename in /usr/local/bin/bell/sounds/*.ogg

do

    # leave the loop if the user types 'q'
    if [[ "$REPLY" == q ]]; then break; fi

    # play all if the user types 'a'
    if [[ "$REPLY" == a ]]
    then
        playall-bells
        continue
    fi

    # update last file name as new default if the user types 'u'
    if [[ "$REPLY" == u ]]
    then
        if [[ "$lastfile" == none ]]
        then
            echo "No file was selected."
            break
        fi
        echo "$lastfile selected"
        cp $lastfile /usr/local/bin/bell/sounds/default.ogg
        load-default-bell
        break
    fi

    # complain if no file was selected, and loop to ask again
    if [[ "$filename" == "" ]]
    then
        echo "'$REPLY' is not a valid number"
        continue
    else
        lastfile="$filename"
    fi

    # listen to the selected file
    ogg123 "$filename"

    # loop back to ask for another
    continue
done

The drawback of this design is when you select play all the menu scrolls off the screen and you need to scroll back the window to see the options again.

Phew that's it.


Solved by fixing symbolic links as described here:
http://techtidings.blogspot.se/2012/01/problem-with-libglso-on-64-bit-ubuntu.html

As I also needed the -lGLU so I had to repeat the process for libGLU.so. My actual lib file were called "libGLU.so.1.3.1" so I had to do:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLU.so.1.3.1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLU.so


Reduce ntpdate timeout when DNS settings invalid?

I dont know how to fix ntpdate, but you could first test the dns lookup with a command like

nslookup -timeout=1 ntp.ubuntu.com.

It exits 1 on timeout or fail to resolve.


If you want to share the media from the device to your computer you can
   install XBMC, then add a video source from upnp device.

If you want to share the media from your PC with ubuntu to this device
   you need to install a streaming server, i use minidlna is very
   easy and ligh but there are another options.

sudo apt-get install minidlna
sudo gedit /etc/minidlna.conf

add the folders to share for example

media_dir=I,/home/user/Images
media_dir=V,/home/user/Videos
media_dir=M,/home/user/Music

uncomment this lines in the configuration file

db_dir=/var/lib/minidlna
log_dir=/var/log

refresh the database

sudo minidlna -R

restart the service

sudo service minidlna restart

And then you should see the name of you computer in the device.


How to install intel graphics driver for using vulkan on Ubuntu 16.04

I ran in to the same issue, recently. After following the two steps you mentioned, this last step allowed me to run the cube demo, although I have no idea if it has any power or performance repercussions.

Version: Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
Graphics card: Intel(R) HD Graphics 520 (Skylake GT2) (system76 lemur)

According to the Vulkan Setup tutorial, DRI3 stands for 'Direct Rendering Infrastructure 3; a Linux X-Windows extension for direct rendering'

I was able to enable it by following this ask
 and adding the following lines to /etc/X11/xorg.conf (the file didn't exist on my machine but I added it without issue)

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
    Driver      "intel"
    Option      "SwapBuffersWait" "0"
    Option      "DRI" "3"
EndSection

Then restart your display manager with sudo service lightdm restart (or similar if you changed it) and you should be able to run the demos!


After updating Tor Browser it only opens after a 15 minute delay

I found a file at ~/.local/share/torbrowser/tbb/x86_64/tor-browser_en-US/start-tor-browser.desktop (~ is an abbreviation for /home/your-username). To toggle show/hide hidden files and folders press the keyboard combination Ctrl+H or click the three horizontal lines ≡ icon in the upper right corner of Files application and put a checkmark next to the Show Hidden Files option. When I right-clicked this file and selected Open, Tor Browser opened immediately.

Then I used the information in Properties -> Basic tab -> Command: of the start-tor-browser.desktop file to update my Tor Browser launcher so that I could quickly open Tor Browser as usual by clicking on its icon in the Dash.

If this happens again I'm going to check the start-tor-browser.desktop file again to see if it works, because apparently Tor Browser updates only the start-tor-browser.desktop file, but it does not update the Tor Browser icon that you can find in the Dash. This Tor Browser launcher must be updated manually.

The desktop launcher for Tor Browser is located at /usr/share/applications/torbrowser.desktop. To change the properties of the Tor Browser desktop launcher requires sudo.  Open the terminal and type:

sudo nano '/usr/share/applications/torbrowser.desktop'

If your Ubuntu username is user change the line in torbrowser.desktop that starts with Exec= to:

Exec=sh -c '"/home/user/.local/share/torbrowser/tbb/x86_64/tor-browser_en-US/Browser/start-tor-browser" --detach || ([ !  -x "/home/user/.local/share/torbrowser/tbb/x86_64/tor-browser_en-US/Browser/start-tor-browser" ] && "$(dirname "$*")"/Browser/start-tor-browser --detach)' dummy %k

Because nano text editor does not support line wrapping you will need to use the arrow keys to move the mouse cursor to the end of the line to make sure that you copied the entire line correctly before you save the changes that you made to torbrowser.desktop.

The instructions for using nano editor are always found at the bottom of every page. The only two nano keyboard shortcuts that you need to know are for WriteOut and Exit. Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+O and after that press Enter to save the file being edited. Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+X to exit nano.


You can give a password to KeePassXC through standard input on the command line with the option --pw-stdin. Thus, in a most simple way, you can automatically open a KeePassXC database with a command like:
echo <yourpassword> | keepassxc --pw-stdin <path-to-your-database>.kdbx

This compromises security quite seriously compared to entering the password on opening directly, because your password is stored unencrypted in a file on your system.
A more secure option is to use another password vault, such as Gnome Keyring (Source). Your password is stored in an unreadable form, and one needs to be logged in as your user to be able to open KeePassXC or read the password.
You will need to install libsecret-tools for this to work.
First you need to store the KeePassXC password in the Gnome keyring. You can do this with the "Passwords and Keys" tool or with the command:
secret-tool store --label="KeePass <database_name>" keepass <database_name>

Next to a label, you are providing an attribute (here we choose "keepass") and a value (you can use the name of your database (<database_name>) or another string that should not contain spaces).
After login, you can then launch and unlock KeePassXC with the command
secret-tool lookup keepass <database_name> | keepassxc --pw-stdin <path-to-your-database>.kbdx

This option remains significantly less secure than supplying the password yourself while using KeepPassXC, but the well informed user should have the freedom to make the balance between security and convenience.


How to solve a split display using a Radeon HD Graphic card?

i have the same graphics card, amd-radeon 6670 manufactured by msi and amd a6 apu.

After installing 12.04 (amd64) I had to boot in recovery mode.

First choose Networking option to establish connection and remount hard drive in r/w.

Ctrl-D back to menu and choose the root console option.

Use apt-get update then apt-get dist-upgrade.

While possibly extraneous I update my initramfs and update-grub before rebooting.

Proprietary Catalyst driver worked pretty well, search for fglrx wiki and follow the distribution specific install guide.


How do you upgrade the kernel in the ISO file?

When you create a USB boot drive or DVD boot disk from an iso file, you get a live operating system that uses the 'built-in' linux kernel that comes from the iso file. It is not possible to make such a system boot with another kernel.

You may think of a persistent live system. It is possible to install and use various application program packages, but the kernel is started before the system for persistence is activated, so it is not possible to make it use a kernel that is installed afterwards.

The only alternative is to download (or create) a new iso file with the kernel, that you want to use, and to create a USB boot drive or DVD boot disk.

The 16.04 LTS point release iso files come with the following kernels

16.04.1 LTS -- linux kernel 4.4
16.04.2 LTS -- linux kernel 4.8
16.04.3 LTS -- linux kernel 4.10

See this link,

https://www.ubuntu.com/info/release-end-of-life

and scroll down to the paragraph 'Kernel release end of life'. See also the following links concerning the kernels and upgrading the LTS hardware enablement stack, HWE,

Can I smoothly upgrade from one LTS to next LTS release?

wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/RollingLTSEnablementStack

Please notice the difference between a live operating system (live-only or persistent live) and an installed system. Installed systems can be updated & upgraded completely (including the linux kernel, hardware drivers, also proprietary drivers).

It is possible to install standard Ubuntu or an Ubuntu community flavour (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, ... Xubuntu) into an external drive (installed like into an internal drive). See this link,

Boot Ubuntu from external drive.


How to solve internet connection in ubuntu after upgrade failure

If the power failed when you were doing the upgrade, then your system is probably permanently broken.  There is only one practical way to fix it: back up your important files, and install Ubuntu from scratch.  See more information and instructions here.  Good luck.


Execute this command in terminal. Worked for me.

tracker reset -r

For some reason, nautilus doesn't work without tracker.

nautilus is the file manager and tracker helps in searching of files.

Benefits of tracker: -

It speeds up searching for files in the Files app.

It enables full-text search in the Files app. In other words, you can look for files that contain specific words, instead of searching just by filename.

It allows the Batch Rename feature in the Files app able to rename based on file metadata. For instance, you can use the Artist name for properly tagged music files as part of the new filename.

It enables file and folder search in the Activities Overview on GNOME.

Why it stops working?
I don't know, yet.


How can I set my system to suspend when inactive to a longer amount of time

You can try with dconf-editor. If you don't find it install it with

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

then run it searching for dconf Editor in Dash or typing dconf-editor from the alt+f2 command line. The power settings are stored in

org → gnome → settings-daemon → plugins → power

To set the timeout when plugged in change the sleep-inactive-ac-timeout option, to set the timeout when on battery change sleep-inactive-battery-timeout.

These options are indicated in waiting seconds before suspend (so a value of 14400 will suspend the system after 4 hours).


What, specifically, are the results? I usually burn the disc image to a CD and then boot from said CD, do any necessary partitioning, and then complete the installation. I've never had good luck with the USB method.


It looks like a package partially downloaded and is having trouble completing.  Open up a terminal and run

sudo apt-get clean

Then try the update again.


Getting Ethernet driver to crippled machine

I have a machine with disabled ethernet and wifi because of drivers...

The method I use (and am about to use again) is to find the url of the file it's attempting to download and download it using a different machine, then I copy the file back over using a usb stick and place it in the cache directory for installation.

Full instructions:

sudo apt-get install foo

or

sudo jockey

or

wget foo

With the wget instruction you can just copy the url without running the command, for the others you should attempt the copy the urls from the output. If it helps, save them to a text file on your usb stick.

You can use wget or firefox to download the urls on a working machine:

wget http://foo.foo.com/foo.deb

Then save them all to a usb stick and place on the target machine:

sudo cp /media/MyUSBStick/*.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/

When you run the apt-get or jockey command again, it should then just use the archived version.

I understand that these instructions are not explicit, though I'm hoping you get the idea enough to be able to install whatever you need when ever you have a machine without an internet connection.


fakexrandr, Mirror Fake Displays - X Error of failed request: BadMatch

RandR is an extension to the X11 server that is used to communicate the configuration of outputs between the server's clients (= applications) and the graphics driver. Most applications don't actually speak the protocol themselves, but instead use a library called libXrandR. FakeXRandR replaces this library with one that still asks the graphics driver for the configuration, but then fiddles with the result to cheat applications into believing that there was an entirely different configuration present than there actually is. Since this necessarily leads to errors if one tries to alter one of the fake outputs, it tries to mitigate the worst issues by replacing any configuration requests on fake outputs with change requests against the original, physical output. But those are, of course, still bound to fail if you try to apply a resolution that only exists on the fake outputs.

A good analogy might be the situation when you have a fairly old car that is able to drive 50 kph. You now want to drive on a street that requires you to be able to drive 100 kph. The solution that FakeXRandR pursues is to replace the numbers on the tachometer such that the needle now shows 180 kph when you are actually driving 50. If you are stopped in a traffic control, you can say "See officer, my speedmeter says I can go 180, so I'm fine", and he'll probably accept this. But you actually still can not drive any faster, because to do that you had to replace the engine, not some printed numbers on your dashboard.

tl;dr: FakeXRandR is the wrong tool for your task.

If you really need to do this on a RandR level, you'll have to patch your graphics driver, both in the X11 and kernel code. I wrote some hits on where to look in another bug report for FakeXRandr. A simpler solution, if all you want is to have the right half of your screen mirror the left, would be to use an advanced compositing window manager like Compiz. Compositing managers add a redirection layer between application windows and what you actually see. This allows them to, in this case, draw each window twice, first on the left side of the output, then on the right side; which would effectively clone your output. There either already is a plugin available for this (install all compiz packages, especially compizconfig-settings-manager, ccsm, and search it for what you need), or it should at least be possible to write one that does what you want with not-too-much effort.


A "connection reset" error is a problem between the client and the webserver - it's the webserver sending the "connection reset", which means all of the DNS lookups have already occurred (successfully) before you even get to this stage.

If it was a DNS problem, you would be getting a "Server not found error", not connection reset. So whatever it is, it's on the server.

If there is nothing in the webserver config regarding these IPs, could there be some kind of iptables rule for the IPs the affected ISP is using? (iptables -L -n)


Man page for jdk commands like jshell, jlink

You didn't specify a release, but from the package for focal or 20.04
https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/openjdk-11-doc
You can see the list of files or
https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/all/openjdk-11-doc/filelist
Where I'll only provide the initial few lines
/usr/share/doc-base/openjdk-11-jdk-doc
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-doc/api
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-doc/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-doc/copyright
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-doc/index.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-doc/legal
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-doc/resources
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-doc/specs
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/allclasses-index.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/allclasses.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/allpackages-index.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/constant-values.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/deprecated-list.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/element-list
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/help-doc.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-1.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-10.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-11.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-12.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-13.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-14.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-15.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-16.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-17.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-18.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-19.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-2.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-20.html
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-11-jre-headless/api/index-files/index-21.html

(etc; it's a long list!)
The documentation found in that package is HTML viewable from a browser.


First of all, they aren't weird. This is the standard Linux MINT displaying. To change it temporarily, you can change the PS1 variable in the format you want. What you want is most likely:

export PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w/\$'

Explanation:
export PS1= changes the PS1 variable
\u@\h: stands for the display username@hostname:
\w/\$ is for /Current/Path/$

To change it permanently you have to change the .bashrc file, therefore type the following(I chose nano as text editor)

nano ~/.bashrc

Once done, search for a section with something like this:

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
if [[ ${EUID} == 0 ]] ; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\/[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w/\[\033[00m\]\$ '
fi
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w/\$ '
fi

Here you have to do the same as before, only that this time you have to change it three times. The first two include color codes, as they are for the normal terminal(the [...] are color codes). The third is the one used in tty1 or tty2... and here you can just paste the one from the temporarily version. After editing your file save the changes and type

. ~/.bashrc

for the changes to take effect.

Here is the section with the formatting you want for Linux MINT 18.1 "Serena":

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    if [[ ${EUID} == 0 ]] ; then
        PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\/[\033[00m\]\$ '
    else
        PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w/\[\033[00m\]\$ '
    fi
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w/\$ '
fi

If you don't want the full path but only the current directory, change the \w to a \W.


'd' minimizes all windows on Ubuntu when connecting with XRDP

On further investigation this does seems to be a widely noticed issue with XRDP. It's probably not the client sending rubbish along as I previously said in my comment, rather that it's the server doing weird stuff for an unknown reason.

Many people have documented that fixing this involves disabling the <Super>d binding for showing the desktop but this fix has had to evolve over the years as Ubuntu has upgraded components. There are a few basic options for doing the same thing:

Go into the shortcuts setting screen, find the shortcut and click it until it says disabled.
Nuke with Gconf (probably only works on older Ubuntu desktops) and log out and in again.
Manually edit the gconf XML (again, might only work on older desktops)
Install CCSM to get to the newer version of the settings.

Other people report other similar quirks with XRDP so if you're experiencing other issues (and/or you can't fix this one), it might be best to dump it and go with something else. There are a fair few to choose from but the main contenders are VNC (over SSH from Ubuntu, or over SSH from Windows with Putty) or FreeNX.

FreeNX is a lot less popular than VNC but it's a solid contender and a lot more like RDP than VNC (which can occasionally be a bit flabby if you're doing lots of graphics stuff). But VNC is easier to set up.


Help installing libboost-system-dev, et al

These packages are in the 'Universe'. These are packages are not regulated by Ubuntu but are delivered from the community and are in status 'Superseded' and are all optional.

To be able to install from the universe, the easiest way is to enable them in the Software Sources.

To enable these from the command line use: sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) universe"

Next, run sudo apt-get update to update the database with the added repository.


Gnome3 add all chrome apps to group in apps list

I've solved my problem with the script the ,[space] after the final .desktop was causing the error, so removed it using sed.

This now works:

applist=$(printf "'%s', " $(cd /home/rob/.local/share/applications; ls chrome*.desktop))
applist="[$(sed -e 's/[,[:space:]]*$//' <<<${applist})]"

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.app-folders.folder:/org/gnome/desktop/app-folders/folders/ChromeApps/ name 'Chrome Apps'
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.app-folders.folder:/org/gnome/desktop/app-folders/folders/ChromeApps/ apps "${applist}"

I still wish there was a solution that could do this dynamically e.g. if I set up a media subgroup / folder then installed VLC as an example it  would automatically add it to the group. Same for chrome apps to a set group. Adding apps manually in whichever form be it dconf, gsettings or a gui like Meow is a bit cumbersome.

This type of script + cron is at least a start, I hope people make use of it.


I have installed Eclipse MARs via the installer only from eclipse.org

You can try this link if you have Ubuntu 64 bit

It's a tar.gz file(eclipse-inst-linux64.tar.gz)...takes less than 10 minutes on a decent internet connection(I have chosen the nearest mirror site)...you need to unzip it and then run the installer. It asks which variant to install(for Java or Java EE etc...) and for the path where to install. Finally installation is done -it can read the environment properties properly and thus set the installed JRE also based on the environment settings.

Once installation is done then you can bring the ICON on the sidebar for easy launch.


Using the Ubuntu installer partition manager?

Formatting is restoring the hard drive, basically. It removes everything.

And no, the partition listing doesn't matter.


Cairo-dock only shows one workspace after upgrade to 14.04 LTS

As @ElefantPhace pointed out, workspaces are apparently disabled by default (although that results in having a single workspace).  This is fixed by going to "System Settings...", then "Appearance", then "Behavior", then turning on the "Enable workspace" flag.


Kernel modules are not particularly large.  Generally speaking, a kernel module occupies only the amount of physical RAM needed for it to load.

Linux uses a "slab-based" memory allocation scheme in which pools of memory are set-aside for different-sized memory objects. The amount of physical memory allocated changes almost every second.  So how much RAM does the Kernel?  That depends.

You can use lsmod, which will show you information about the modules that are loaded in RAM.


Black login screen after upgrading to Ubuntu 18.04 from 16.04

I faced the same problem, within the black login, continue to login and run command service gdm3 restart, this restarts the gdm3 service and brings back the login page. This worked out well for me using a Samsung Ultrabook i3 with Intel Ivy Bridge


This is actually really easy.

First make sure your DNS is working. You can use a A, AAAA or CNAME record as long as it points to your IP address.

Please check if it's working before you continue! This will save you much trouble. You can check using ping subdomain.mydomain.com or nslookup subdomain.mydomain.com. If it's pointing to your IP address you're good.

Note that DNS changes may take up to 24 hours. If you want to continue now, you can edit your hosts file to manually add the sub domain. Note that this will only work for your current PC so you should check your DNS again 24 hours later to make sure it's working elsewhere as well (don't forget to revert your changes to your hosts file before you check).

To do this:

sudo nano /etc/hosts

add line like (replacing the IP and hostname of course):

34.54.235.64 subdomain.mydomain.com

and save the file.

Now update your Apache2 configuration.

Just adding this VirtualHost will do:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName subdomain.mydomain.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/subdomain.mydomain.com
</VirtualHost>

Now create /var/www/subdomain.mydomain.com and restart Apache2:

mkdir -p /var/www/subdomain.mydomain.com
sudo service apache2 restart

enable the site:

sudo a2ensite subdomain.mydomain.com

Repeat this for every sub domain you want to add.


I wanted to do much the same before suspend and tried your scripts, both forms.  Syslog showed format errors and the script failing. Is systemd picky about script format?

This worked for me, having tested manually that just unloading the driver allowed successful suspending.

!/bin/sh
case $1/$2 in
pre/*)
modprobe -rv ath10k_pci
;;
post/*)
modprobe -v  ath10k_pci
;;
esac


sed 's/#security/security\n\tauthorization : enabled/' file

If you want to edit your file "in place" use sed's option -i.

See: man sed


Chrome puts itself on Startup Applications

I use Chromium not Chrome so they could be different, but try unchecking

Background Apps: (*) Continue running background apps when Chromium is closed

which is located at chrome://settings/advanced (or in settings:under the hood via the menus) down at the bottom of the page, as shown in this screenshot:

Good luck!


Parse error in fstab - mounting a Windows share

You can't have whitespace between the comma-separated options, like

username="My Username", password=MyPassword,iocharset=utf8,sec=ntlm

so change it to

username="My Username",password=MyPassword,iocharset=utf8,sec=ntlm


Looking for IPTABLES and UFW readily available, the best proven rules

To be honest, assuming you are using a desktop, the rules for ufw are sufficient (if not overkill). The rules are reviewed by the Ubuntu Security team.

sudo ufw enable

If you want a graphical front end, use gufw

sudo apt-get install gufw

Then search your menu for firewall.

Other then that , there is no single set of fool proof rules that applies for all users all the time. If the above command is insufficient we would need to know why they are insufficient in order to give better advice.

See also

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/Policies#No_Open_Ports


I have same problem too. Tried every possible solution. Finally, installed tor browser bundle and now I can watch videos. I think it is not flash or other problem. May be restriction of your localation.


You must change your default java.

sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/full/path/to/bin/java" 1
sudo update-alternatives --config java

More details here.


Is it possible to launch an application on a remote pc using the terminal?

If found the answer I was looking for just in case someone comes across this in the future.

Here's how:

dan@micro:~$ ssh bigbox
dan@bigbox:~$ export DISPLAY=:0
dan@bigbox:~$ teamviewer

TeamViewer popped right up on my big PC. Perfect!


Hello! I have problem with recognising all temperature sensors and fan speed sensors, how I can get to recognise all sensors?

Step 1: Open the command terminal and execute the following command in it:
sudo apt-get install lm-sensors
Step 2:
To detect the available sensors:
sudo sensors-detect
Step 3:
To monitor your hardware temperature:
watch sensors


How do I periodically turn off showing hidden files?

You can use gsettings to access the responsible setting in the dconf registry easily from the command line.

The setting whether to show hidden files (with names starting with .) is located in the schema org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser and called show-hidden.

Allowed values are either true (show hidden files) or false (don't show them).

So here are the commands to enable or disable showing the hidden files:

gsettings set org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser show-hidden true
gsettings set org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser show-hidden false

To automatically run this command every x minutes, there are two good resources to learn how to achieve this:

Using cron (minimum resolution is 1 minute): help.ubuntu.com: Cron How-to

Note that cron runs tasks with a very limited set of env variables which do not include DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS, but that's needed for gsettings to work. So we have to take care of setting this variable ourselves in the script we run if we need it

I prepared a script for you (with the help of @JacobVlijm who linked me this answer on Stack Overflow by @Radu Rădeanu) that takes care of this problem and can be run directly by cron:

#!/bin/bash

# --> Script to disable showing hidden files - to be run as cron job <--

# export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS environment variable
PID=$(pgrep gnome-session)
export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=$(grep -z DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS /proc/$PID/environ|cut -d= -f2-)

gsettings set org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser show-hidden false

Without using cron: How to execute command every 10 seconds (without cron)?


Qtile/14.04 - Battery monitor widget showing "Error"

After quite a while of searching, I found the answer in /sys/class/power_suppy/ the name of the battery on my laptop is "BAT1", yet the qtile configuration default is "BAT0". Once I updated my config to include "battery_name='BAT1',  it worked like a charm.


Disable desktop environemnts and customize startx

You could use this to remove unity:

sudo apt-get remove unity unity-2d unity-2d-panel unity-2d-spread unity-asset-pool unity-services unity-lens-files unity-lens-music unity-lens-applications gir1.2-unity-5.0 unity-common indicator-sound indicator-power indicator-appmenu libindicator7 indicator-application indicator-datetime indicator-messages libnux-2.0-0 nux-tools libunity-misc4 unity-2d-common


How to check if I have setup graphic card for 4K monitor?

All work fine. I see different size of a webpage because of scale set to 2 by default. Changing scale to 1 show correct. But effect is terrible small, so I understand why default scale is 2.


Why do I get permission denied error when configuring IPsec on Ubuntu?

If you have sudo privileges will need to use sudo vi /etc/ipsec.conf and enter your password.

If you aren't a vi fan, use any editor you want, such as a nano or gedit.


How to install skype in xubuntu 14.04 LTS 64 bit

Try to install it with gdebi. In case it is simply an issue with missing dependencies, it should grab the necessary packages and install them. Type

sudo gdebi PACKAGENAME.deb

within a terminal in the directory of the .deb file you downloaded from that link.


Encountered "/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 8: /etc/default/grub: 4: not found" error while updating

These errors are due to a space in line 8 in /etc/default/grub file. GRUB would think that it's some kind of argument instead of value. You need to remove that.

Open /etc/default/grub with sudo privileges using nano (or pico, whichever you prefer)

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Delete the space in line 8 before 4
Save file using Ctrl+X followed by Y
Update GRUB

sudo update-grub

Retry autoremove command


How to select and print IP address from a set of strings?

It's possible, but not elegant:

echo 'This sentence contains an ip number 1.2.3.4 and port number 50, i want to print the IP address only.' \
| sed 's/.*\([0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\.[0-9]\{1,3\}\).*/\1/'

[0-9] matches any digit, \{1,3\} means it can be repeated 1 to 3 times. \. matches a dot. The whole IP is captured by the \(...\) parentheses, what comes before and after is matched by .*, i.e. anything repeated zero or more times. The whole matching string (i.e. the whole line) is then replaced by the contents of the first matching group.

You can make it more readable by introducing a variable:

n='[0-9]\{1,3\}'
... | sed "s/.*\($n\.$n\.$n\.$n\).*/\1/"

It prints the whole string if the IP is not found. It also doesn't check for invalid IPs like 256.512.999.666.


Pre-bundle software on my ubuntu USB boot stick

Yes, it is possible to customize a Ubuntu Installation DVD using Ubuntu Customization Kit. It allows you to add drivers, packages, applications and language packs. All the added packages will be automatically installed on OS install.

Install it with:

sudo apt-get install uck


Can I use an external monitor with nvidia-prime

I have used Optimus with multiple screens (laptop + 2 external) with a dockingstation on my ThinkPad T530. It is very tricky to get it all setup and running. In my laptop screen videos are just fine, but in my external screens I saw a bit of screentearing. I tried with a few linux distros. Fedora 23 was the first one.
It pretty much works out-of-the-box with the opensource drivers on two screens, and it was a bit of a hassle to get it working on the third screen too. Only then I found out that the nVidia driver was routed so that the Intel chip wasn't used any more.Thats not what Optimus is meant for.
Then I tried it with the proprietary nVidia driver. No succes at all.

After that I decided to give Debian 8 a try. This time I figured out that the proprietary driver in combination with the bumblebee project gave me the best results. I could use optirun on all three screens. The Intel chip presented the desktop and I could use optirun to fire up any program that runs better on 'the much faster video chip'. But, it's an illusion to think that this all easy to do. I had to install about three programs. One of those is a special Intel resolution/screen tool that gets the other two screens working besides the laptop screen. Then you have to manualy tweak the Bumblebee settings. (over and over and over) I cannot even reproduce the steps it took to get it working.
Ubuntu 14.04 was the last one I tried it on. It has the Prime profile configuration that comes with the proprietary driver. It is a pitty you have to logout and back in to get the configuration working. So you end up with either the Intel chip on or the nVidia chip on per session. I found it very annoying to close all my applications and relogin if I wanted to use the other chip. So I decided to try the things I did to Debian on Ubuntu (they have a lot in common). With a few tweaks this worked too, but I had the same crappy experience with videos and games on any of my external screens.

I have come to the conclusion that it will work in some cases, depending on your laptops video chips and hardware configuration. Either you go with the logout-login method or you use Bumblebee. If there is another way, I would be delighted to hear it.
So in your case I would recommend to look into the intel-virtual-output tool. This tool can configure your Intel chip to use your external screens while keeping the nVidia chip turned off.

I hope this gets you any further


Ubuntu 12.10 won't use dhcp static lease from my router

Turns out there was a NAS box on my network that had it's dhcp server turned on.  My Ubuntu machines were getting their dhcp addresses from the NAS instaed of the router.


You've got a few possibilities, but before you do anything, make a system back-up!  You've been promoted to user type 4!

Then:

You did make a system back-up, didn't you??? :P  ;-)
If both machines are identical, clone the working machine onto the non-working one.
Kernel Linux 3.8.0-29-generic works.  (deducted from your boot repair and description)

Remove all peripherals, disable everything in the BIOS that you can disable (including the NVidia). Boot into that kernel, do an upgrade, reboot, and then start adding peripherals/turning things on one by one in the BIOS starting with the most critical one.

Reboot after every addition and go back to disabling/removing it when your system stops working.
Re-install 14.04.1.

Yeah, that's what everyone always says, right?

But here there is a reason: something somewhere went wrong in the upgrade process and you've lost a week already.
You've got a system back-up anyway, so why try to find out what went wrong where?  Just get on with it!  ;-)


Max. recursion depth with nested structures exceeded at /usr/local/lib/perl/5.18.2/Storable.pm line 278, at /usr/bin/apt-show-versions line 271

Install cpanminus:

apt-get install cpanminus
cpanm --uninstall Storable

This fixed it for me.


SSH refusing connections after upgrade to 13.04

Examining the log file /var/log/auth.log on the server, to which I connected thru the KVM-over-IP console, I found out that the SSH daemon was ignoring the server private key files ssh_host_rsa_key, ssh_host_dsa_key, ssh_host_ecdsa_key, while complaining about their permissions:

# tail -f /var/log/auth.log
[…]
Feb 21 13:49:18 MYHOST sshd[14646]: error: @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Feb 21 13:49:18 MYHOST sshd[14646]: error: @         WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE!          @
Feb 21 13:49:18 MYHOST sshd[14646]: error: @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Feb 21 13:49:18 MYHOST sshd[14646]: error: Permissions 0644 for '/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key' are too open.
Feb 21 13:49:18 MYHOST sshd[14646]: error: It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others.
Feb 21 13:49:18 MYHOST sshd[14646]: error: This private key will be ignored.
Feb 21 13:49:18 MYHOST sshd[14646]: error: bad permissions: ignore key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
Feb 21 13:49:18 MYHOST sshd[14646]: error: Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
[…]

I restricted the permissions and restarted the SSH daemon, which solved my issue:

# cd /etc/ssh
# chmod go-r *
# initctl restart ssh


Installing XAMPP

Download the most recent version of XAMPP to your Home directory

http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/xampp/xampp-linux-1.5.3a.tar.gz?download
Extract the archive to /opt using sudo

sudo tar xvfz xampp-linux-1.5.3a.tar.gz -C /opt
Starting XAMPP

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start
Stoping XAMPP

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp stop

Note:

You should extract the source from the same location from where it is placed.
In your case you have it in your desktop.
So get into Desktop first by running this command in terminal cd Desktop
Now extract it by type this command
sudo tar xvfz xampp-linux-1.5.3a.tar.gz -C /opt
In case you have downloaded it to you home directory, Your terminal will be in the right location after you've opened it.

Alternate way to Extract:

Right click your xampp-linux-1.5.3a.tar.gz file which is in Desktop and select Extract Here.

After extraction you will find lampp in your Desktop.

Right click on lampp and select Cut.
Now you have to paste it in /opt so type gksu nautilus /opt in terminal
It will Open opt folder,Right click and select paste.


I think the drive is just fried.  Luckily I had my home on a different drive, so I pulled out the dead one, and reinstalled on the good one.  Wish I could've saved the ssd though.


Take a look here.

Forget about sendmail, it's just too complicated for testing purpuses. You'll need a program to receive emails (that would be postfix) and a mail delivery agent to get the mails to your client via POP3 or IMAP. This could be dovecot - to use with postfix just use the dovecot-postfix package. The guide mentioned above explains what you have to do.


After removing Fglrx and ati drivers cannot login

From the author, who placed the answer in his post rather than as a new answer

I booted from a live cd and mounted my linux partion. Then chroot and finally installed ATI drivers. This fixed the problem for me.


Firefox 59.0.1 crashes at start on Ubuntu 16.04

I had the exacts same problem with FF 59.0.2.

I tried unsuccessfully to start FF in safe mode.

I resolved it by removing a "lock" file inside the default profile (~/.mozilla/firefox/xxxxxx.default/lock)


How to launch Thunderbird when Ubuntu 11.10 starts?

This question was already posted here in AskUbuntu:

How do I make a program auto-start every time I log in?

Here is another link from the Ubuntu official guide:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AddingProgramToSessionStartup


Is there any fast switch between light mode and dark mode (light/dark theme) in 16.04?

No, there is no fast way to do this. After changing to dark or light theme applications must be restarted which is probably not what you want.

Otherwise corntab might help. You could create two scripts - first that will enable dark mode and second that will disable it.

EDIT: Steps to create crontab jobs to enable/disable dark mode.

1. Step:
Create ~/.config/gtk-3.0/settings.ini file with following content:

  [Settings]
  gtk-application-prefer-dark-theme=0

or append gtk-application-prefer-dark-theme=0 line if that file already exists without this line. 0 - dark mode disabled, 1 - dark mode enabled.

2. Step:
Create script dark-mode.sh that will enable/disable dark mode:

#!/bin/sh

action="$1"
test -z "$action" && action=1

if [ "$action" = 1 ]; then
  SEARCH=gtk-application-prefer-dark-theme=0
  REPLACE=gtk-application-prefer-dark-theme=1
else
  SEARCH=gtk-application-prefer-dark-theme=1
  REPLACE=gtk-application-prefer-dark-theme=0
fi

/bin/sed -i 's/'$SEARCH'/'$REPLACE'/g' /home/[YOUR-USERNAME]/.config/gtk-3.0/settings.ini

Replace [YOUR-USERNMAE] with your real user name in above script and make it executable by running chmod +x dark-mode.sh command.

3. Step:
Create crontab jobs by running crontab -e and then append at end following lines:

# Every day at 07:00 disable dark mode
0 7 * * * /bin/sh /home/[YOUR-USERNMAE]/dark-mode.sh 0

# Every day at 21:00 enable dark mode
0 21 * * * /bin/sh /home/[YOUR-USERNMAE]/dark-mode.sh 1

And again replace [YOUR-USERNMAE] with your real user name, save and exit. Now every day at 7:00 dark mode will be disabled and at 21:00 it will be enabled.

This might not be enough, for example if you often turn off/on your PC than you might need adjust script to detect current time and execute it on login to make sure right theme mode is used.


Dual boot with Windows 8.1 on Toshiba Sattelite

The reason you are having trouble is that if you install an OS under CSM mode then it's only able to boot in CSM mode. CSM mode is when the computer acts like it's got BIOS. Operating systems then boot from the MBR of a hard drive rather than from the UEFI (fat32) partition. You must install both operating sytems under UEFI or CSM, not 1 one way and the other another. When you install ubuntu it's going to make itself primary boot but you will be able to select windows from the list.

If you are concerned about messing up windows boot ability as many Windows 8 users have, you can always backup your UEFI parition before installing Ubuntu, that way if anything goes wrong you just restore the UEFI data and you can boot into windows like it never happened. I would recommend using DISM for this which is best run from a free tool called WinPE, specifically version 4 which is built using WADK, you can download that from the microsoft website for free, but DISM is also installed on Windows 8 and 8.1 by default, however if you can't boot windows that doesn't do you much good, so I recommend building the WinPE disc. MAKE SURE TO USE DISM, NOT IMAGEX for capturing images, because Dism supports extended file attributes, Imagex doesn't. If you want to do a restore never delete the parition in question, only re-format it.

Using Dism:

Capture a .wim:
Dism /Capture-Image /Compress:max /CaptureDir:b:\ /ImageFile:d:\backup.wim /Name:"backup"

Apply a .wim:
Dism /Apply-Image /ImageFile:d:\backup.wim /Index:1 /ApplyDir:b:\

Create A WinPE 4.0 iso using Wadk For Windows 8:

Copype amd64 c:\location

imagex /mountrw c:\location\media\sources\boot.wim 1 c:\location\mount
imagex /unmount c:\location\mount /commit

MakeWinPEMedia /ISO c:\location c:\location\winpe4x8664.iso

For more information about DISM type "Dism /help" in the Windows 8 terminal...run the comand prompt as an Administrator. You can do so by right clicking the icon and choosing "run as admin" from the bottom bar of the start screen.


converting images to pdf without quality loss

Although the author of the question specifies the need to use command line because of the high number of image files, I have to say that the comment made by Tom Brossman related to LibreOfficeWriter is the best answer to the question, because it includes the solution to a nasty problem (presented below) that may appear especially when dealing with many images.I stumbled upon this problem and tried a few options - from the Termial, using Gimp and such, and using the 'printing as file' feature, but have to conclude that the 'drag and drop'+'Export as PDF' in LibreOfficeWriter is the best, because:

1) you can already see before exporting images as pdfs if there are any differences between these images as they will appear in the final pdf. What I mean is that despite similar sizes in bytes and aspect ratio, when importing jpeg-s or png-s into a pdf, some pages may appear much smaller than the others, without any difference in quality in fact, but just because they seem to be 'focused' differently and displayed at a different scale. (I cannot understand the cause of this and welcome a comment that would enlighten me, I just stumbled into this when putting very similar images into a pdf file, as seen below.)

When looking at the images before converting them into a pdf, you cannot anticipate this error, but LibreOfficeWriter makes it visible and also very easy to correct: just grab the margin of the image, put it into the appropriate form into the page, and it will appear as such in the final pdf.

2) And, when exporting ('File'- 'Export as PDF...') you have several options that let you control the final quality/size of the pdf, which could be very useful if you need to send it by mail and still keep some image quality.


What are the mkusb options "msdos", "upefi" and "d-n-i"?

You can select

MSDOS partition table (while default is GUID partition table, GPT). This can help in some HP computers, that are unwilling to boot with grub and GPT.
UPEFI, 'usb-pack-efi' (while default is to use the grub system from the iso file). The 'usb-pack-efi' grub system works in UEFI and BIOS mode. It was developed from a multiboot system for UEFI by Andre Rodovalho. See this link and links from it.
D-N-I, download and install security updates (while default is to display a message when there are security updates). The default option was created for the early versions of 16.04.x LTS in order to avoid overfilling the casper-rw file system, if too small for substantial upgrades. See this link for more details.
Clicking "Use defaults" is the same as clicking "OK" without any item selected.


Installed Bumblebee... how do I get Unity 3D running on Nvidia?

Install nvidia-prime, try:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-331 nvidia-prime
sudo prime-select nvidia


Problems with simple media player tutorial

You shouldn't be importing both gtk and pygtk, as they will cause conflicts with each other.


ubuntu-vm-builder and first-login interactive script

Since you are using sudo, you will need the root password. What's the problem with that?


Depends on how you install it considering the fact that there are multiple ways to do it here. Most generic way people do it is through pip, check using:

sudo pip show tensorflow

Uninstall using:

sudo pip uninstall protobuf
sudo pip uninstall tensorflow

Install it using:

sudo pip install --upgrade https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/cpu/tensorflow-0.8.0-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl


Moving a maximized window between monitors without shrinking it

I am not sure if this works with Ubuntu's Unity desktop, or if it's exactly what you are looking for but Using XFCE based Ubuntu distributions (Xubuntu and Ubuntu Studio.), you can do very much the same thing. If you grab the top bar of the window you can drag it to another display or even desktop, if you push the top bar to the top of that display then it will snap maximized to that display.


GPG Error while downloading software: "Clearsigned file isn't valid, got 'NODATA'"

Does the network require authentication?

Actually I had the same issue. This caused by the network proxy and you have to check your network connection settings.


No sound in Ubuntu 20.04 after driver mess

Follow Only "Dummy output" (sound) in Ubuntu 20.04 after reboot - Broken driver / module and post outputs.
In addition to the recommended set of initial diagnostic series of commands, I guess in the end the most likely commands that would help you are:
$ modprobe --show-depends snd_hda_intel
$ sudo apt-get install linux-modules-extra-<your kernel version>-generic

and reboot.


Unable to automount the hard-disk drive on startup?

You need to add your mount into fstab. Since you haven't provided any useful info about partitions this is how you do it in a general way.

mount manually
cat /etc/mtab | grep 'name of Perosnal Drive partition'
Output from previous command should be one line, something like this /dev/sdb2 /media/yourname/partitionname ext4 rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks2 0 0
append that line to /etc/fstab while being root (with sudo)
reboot to test if it'll mount


Juju bootstrap to CloudVPS OpenStack machine has 3 ip's

This ended up being an issue with the CloudVPS Compute beta - using the Nova CLI tools produced the same result, but from cust support got a specific network interface to use which fixed the issue with cli tools. They will fix the issue in the public launch - Juju should work then too without this issue.


Looks like you tried to install 20.04 (focal) packages on a 16.04 (xenial) system.
As you have learned to your sorrow, mixing packages from different releases of Ubuntu is likely to break your system. If you need newer packages, you must run a newer release of Ubuntu.
Since you have a horrifying mixture of both packages on your system (we call that a Frankensystem), the simplest option is to back up your data and then reinstall Ubuntu.
It's quite possible for somebody with skills and patience to carefully read each error message and downgrade each focal package back to xenial. There is (obviously) no single, simple  command for that. Once your data is backed up, feel free to give it a try -- if it becomes impossible then reinstall.


FPM fails while trying to make a deb - No parameters given

The answer was very simple yet annoying.  Apparently the -C changes fpm into the directory but even though I specified that I was packaging a directory it still needs to know what files to package up.  I tried a *, which just resulted in an error... but a simple '.' on the end did the trick.

The working command (including a couple of dependencies as an example):

fpm -s dir -t deb -n my-package -v 1.0 -C /tmp/installdir/ -d pkgreqd -d libneedthis .


No Wi-Fi adapter found with Realtek 8822CE wireless LAN and Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS

I have now solved my problem and have WiFi by upgrading to Ubuntu 20.4.1 with all additional options selected in the installation.


You parens aren't quite right:

pageStack.push(Qt.resolvedUrl("qml/view.qml"), {code: codeValue});


new in ubuntu but having issues while trying to install drivers and i dont know what to do

About your doubts on switching to Ubuntu, it's totally normal if you're new to GNU/Linux to make such a mistake, you will gain experience with continuative use and in some cases through trail and error. From personal experience, I've learned to make sure to run programs (and most of all commands from terminal) only as long as I understand the reason behind and I feel confident I can regress to previous state. If you have the patience to go through the process of learning from the ground up how your system works you will have great satisfaction in becoming more and more aware of what goes on under the hood when you do your computing, and in the end you'll be able to fix almost all unexpected issues that you may face. Firstable it's essential to familiarize with the concept of distro branch, package manager, desktop environment, window manager. Thankfully there's a whole lot of useful resources on the internet, much many than before (I've definitely switched to GNU/Linux about 10 yrs ago). With that said, I hope you won't get discouraged and give up because as you get used to the new OS you realise more easily what went wrong and avoid making the same mistakes. Distributions with great support base like Ubuntu are the perfect point to start from if you are a beginner coming from proprietary OS such as MS win10, finally I think it's worth it since open source and free software is just that much more powerful and fun to tinker with and gives you greater freedom and choice


Changes made in gconf-editor have no effect

g-conf is being phased out. dconf-editor is the new gconf-editor.

Of course you can sudo apt-get install dconf-tools or click this button:


cmus has remote-commands that you can assign in your keyboard shortcuts config

cmus-remote --pause   #Play/Pause
cmus-remote --next    #Next song
cmus-remote --prev    #Previous song
cmus-remote --stop    #Stop
cmus-remote --seek -5 #Rewind 5 seconds
cmus-remote --seek +5 #Forward 5 seconds

E.g

I only have one problem left.

Every time I press the Audio Play key from my headphones, Ubuntu shows the notification below and the shortcut is not executed, but if I wait the notification to disappear and press it again, it works.


How do I completely reset Samba to the shipped defaults?

Try the following:

sudo apt-get purge samba samba-common
sudo rm -rf /etc/samba/ /etc/default/samba
sudo apt-get install samba

If you still have problems please provide more details.


Compiz provides this functionality using the Window Rules plugin.  You specify which windows to match (by name, type, ID, etc.) and then you can apply rules to those windows.  One of the rules is to prevent the window from closing.  I used this for a long time and can confirm it works well and prevents keyboard shortcuts, close button, and right click and close on the task bar.  Pretty much a low-level way of preventing a window from closing.

You can also use xprop to do this (Compiz not required).  An example:

xprop -format _NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS 32a -set _NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS "_NET_WM_ACTION_MOVE, _NET_WM_ACTION_RESIZE, _NET_WM_ACTION_FULLSCREEN, _NET_WM_ACTION_MINIMIZE, _NET_WM_ACTION_SHADE, _NET_WM_ACTION_MAXIMIZE_HORZ, _NET_WM_ACTION_MAXIMIZE_VERT, _NET_WM_ACTION_CHANGE_DESKTOP, _NET_WM_ACTION_ABOVE, _NET_WM_ACTION_BELOW"

Combined with locating the window ID to use:

window_id=`wmctrl -l | grep Insert_Name_of_Window | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f1`
xprop -id "$window_id" -format _NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS 32a -set _NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS "_NET_WM_ACTION_MOVE, _NET_WM_ACTION_RESIZE, _NET_WM_ACTION_FULLSCREEN, _NET_WM_ACTION_MINIMIZE, _NET_WM_ACTION_SHADE, _NET_WM_ACTION_MAXIMIZE_HORZ, _NET_WM_ACTION_MAXIMIZE_VERT, _NET_WM_ACTION_CHANGE_DESKTOP, _NET_WM_ACTION_ABOVE, _NET_WM_ACTION_BELOW"

Note that what xprop is modifying here are allowed actions for the window, not the window's state.  So if you want to prevent a window from being minimized, remove the _NET_WM_ACTION_MINIMIZE action, and so on.  If you actually want to change the state of a window, using wmctrl is an easier tool to use for that.

Although the default list of allowed actions is likely the same for all window managers, you might want to run xprop | grep _NET_WM_ALLOWED_ACTIONS on the window before just to be sure that you're re-setting all of the other actions that were there before.  There doesn't seem to be a way of using xprop to remove a single allowed action, only to remove an entire property.

In terms of how foolproof/secure this is, it's probably as good as you can get for a single window.  By removing _NET_WM_ACTION_CLOSE or another allowed action, it means that the window is not allowed to receive that action.  No matter what method a user might try to close the window, the window will never receive that action.  Obviously there are more components to making a secure desktop, but this should be the best way to prevent a window from closing.

However, if the application offers a way of closing itself (e.g. File > Quit), then it will close when that is triggered.  Removing _NET_WM_ACTION_CLOSE prevents the action from being received from outside the window, but doesn't prevent the window from triggering the action itself.


How to find the biggest directories in my hard drive?

Well, the first thing you want to do is try to login as root (recovery mode).

EDIT: If you are in recovery mode, you'll need to remount as RW. To do this, mount -o remount,rw /.

Run cd /. This allows you to enter the root and begin to trace the problem.

When you are in /, run du -sh *. This'll give you a list of all of the files in your hard drive. Let's say you  see

2.6T var

You know that the problem is in /var. You then cd /var and run the du -sh * command again. Scroll and look for something like

2.6T zpanel

You then know the problem is in the ZPanel folder. (I am using ZPanel for this example, as I just recovered from this exact problem). By now you know the drill. You cd zpanel/  and du -sh *. Look for something like

2.6T backups

Same old, same old. cd backups/, du -sh *. But this time, you get

(size) zpanel_date_etc

The backups folder contains no more subdirectories, so you expunge the unnecessary files. In my case, I used rm -rf zpanel_* and went from 100% capacity to 25% capacity.

Then, you fix wherever the problem is. (For me, it's in ZPanel's backup settings, so I should change those).

This works with any situation, all you need to do is trace the problem.

N.B. I know you could have probably used a sort to do this, but if you have no temp space, you can't sort. This is the best option.


Problems in dual boot with windows 10 (UEFI)

You have to disable fast startup in Windows:

Go to Control panel -> All control panel items -> Power options -> Choose what the powers button do
Click on Change settings that are currently unavailable
Uncheck Turn on fast startup
Uncheck Hibernate
Restart entering Bios/UEFI
Move Ubuntu on top of Windows
Save and restart

Now everything should work!


As you can see from the link you provided, package i3blocks is not available for 14.04 (trusty), only for vivid (15.04), wily (15.10) and the next release vivid (16.04). There are also no backports available.

Installing the package for one of the later Ubuntu releases is generally not recomended, as it may break your package db and prevent you from installing other packages or upgrading your currently installed ones.


The files are no longer available at Palm's website. I found them here: http://download2.polytechnic.edu.na/pub4/sourceforge/b/bi/bioinfoserv/Packages/Version5.0-YuleFlying/WebOS/2.1/


Ubuntu file/donwload/ssh server raid system help

I can only answer a couple questions as myself am curious about if ubuntu will warn me.
Here is what I know so far, if the RAID is degraded, ubuntu will tell you on the next startup and will ask you if you want to continue.
Ubuntu will keep running if one of the drives fail, but in a DEGREADED state, this is very bad and you should shut off all services you don't need writng/reading to the disks because if another drive fails, your data is essentially gone.

Also for the RAM situation, 4GB should be good, but install htop [sudo apt-get install htop] and every so often check to see if the RAM is at it's max and if it is, just add more in. The more the better :)

Sorry I could not help you with the automatic process of recovering the RAID or if ubuntu shows you if it is degraded while in operation.


Second monitor not detected using Ubuntu 20.04.1

This is a fairly known issue with the latest NVIDIA drivers, I would suggest switching to x-org or changing to a VGA cable.
Downgrading to version 340 of the NVIDIA graphics driver package could also work but it's dangerous.
Proceed at your own risk.


There are no proprietary drivers for this GPU. Open drivers are already installed.
So there is nothing to install.


Can't detect external monitor with a SiS671 video card

I really don;t know how you can solve it. Have you tried looking through the laptop keys and seeing if there is a fn key option to turn off the screen? Tried re-running detect monitors option? Restarting?


I cannot install GParted on ubuntu gnome 16.04

The problem is you're trying to install a package for which there are several unmet dependencies, i.e. other packages on which gparted relies.

You can either try:

sudo apt-get -f install

Or install EACH dependency manually, for example:

sudo apt-get install libgtkmm-2.4-1v5

Either way you need to clear some storage if you want to install gparted.


In Ubuntu, the EFI System Partition (ESP) is mounted at /boot/efi. You can change this mount point by editing its entry in /etc/fstab; however, doing so is inadvisable because system utilities and documented procedures may assume that the ESP is mounted there, and therefore malfunction if you mount the ESP elsewhere.

Note that the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) is firmware that's installed in chips on the computer's motherboard. The EFI reads files on the ESP to boot (with some caveats), but it is not installed to the ESP. What's installed to the ESP is boot loader(s) and related files, such as GRUB (grubx64.efi). Boot loaders must be installed to the ESP, or at least to a partition that the EFI can read; installing them elsewhere will render them useless.

A caveat: On Macs, the EFI can read boot loaders from HFS+ volumes, and Apple stores its own boot loader on an HFS+ volume. This defies the EFI standard, but only in a minor way. Third-party boot loaders, including Ubuntu's GRUB, normally go on the ESP. In theory, they could be installed to an HFS+ volume, but Ubuntu does not currently support this configuration.

So, with all that out of the way: What are you actually trying to accomplish? Doing what you're asking would be useless at best, so I suspect you want to accomplish something you're not saying.


Flash is not working in Chrome (Crossover Linux is installed)

ok Crossover linux added a second flash plugin through wine for chromium / chrome, to turn off the second plugin do the following:

   1. load chrome
   2. hit the wrench button
   3. select preferences
   4. go to Under the Hood tab
   5. under Privacy section hit Content Settings button
   6. select Features -> Plug-ins
   7. push Disable individual plug-ins
   8. In the upper right hit the + next to Details
   9. Scroll down until you see Shockwave Flash
  10. disable all entries other than /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so
     (or the specific flash version you installed).

Reference Source: http://www.google.com/support/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=108086

A second option would be to uninstall flash from your crossover bottles. For me this fixed flash in Firefox as well.


Any Windows Manager Controler libraries for Python/C/C++?

Have a look at libwnck.
API docs for the Python bindings are here, you need to install the package gir1.2-wnck-1.0 to use them.
It should be usable with C++, too, but I've never tried that.


Rofi does not launch certain programs in Ubuntu 20.04

The problem was solved by adding $PATH to ~/.profile. SPECTRWM does not use the $PATH from bashrc but from ~/.profile.


Try using Access Control Lists (ACL). You can find about ACL here.

This should allow you to set permissions for multiple groups on individual folders.

You will be required to download acl:
sudo apt-get install acl

and modify your fstab to enable acl file permissions.


Can udisks be removed from 14.04 and replaced with the functionality of disk utility from 12.04?

The older 3.0.2 source should still be viable thru 14.04 as most of the deps are available for 14.04. However better to rebuild & package for trusty as an upgrade to current gnome-disk-utility package, so to that end a ppa.

https://launchpad.net/~mc3man/+archive/trusty-tests

Notes:
Uses the last 3.0.2 source in Ubuntu - 3.0.2-2ubuntu7 precise (- the package name inadvertently got 8 at end, no matter really.

Only real change was to remove nautilus extension & launchpad integration as no longer working or used & would cause a ftbfs.

The default opening window size is a bit small, needs to be resized or maxed after opening. If I stumble upon a way to adjust in source will do so. ( patch welcome.

If unsuitable then either use ppa-purge or just remove ppa, remove gnome-disk-utility, update sources & re-install current gnome-disk-utility.

Copied over a previous build to ppa for saucy (saucy is almost EOL

As far as usb creator, the 14.04 version is fine, just format the flash drive first to fat32, then open usb creator and it should work ok.


How apt-get determines when to download translation file?

The Apt configuration variable controlling whether or not to download language files is Acquire::Languages. You can change this variable to prevent Apt not to check for a language file.

To do so:

Open a terminal with Ctrl + Alt + T
Create a file naming 99-mysettings in the directory /etc/apt/apt.conf.d with admin privilege.

gksu gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99-mysettings

Then write this line below in the file and save it. Close the gedit.

Acquire::Languages "none";

Now, apt-get should not check the language files.

You can do the same thing as a one liner in a terminal like this

echo 'Acquire::Languages "none";' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mysettings

Hope this will help. Now try again with sudo apt-get update.


GPU model not recognized in Additional Drivers tab

A manual install of the driver, indeed solved the issue. Well the GPU model still isn't recognized but I have a working and compatible driver. Thank you!


terminal command for listing available shells

Open a terminal and run this command:

cat /etc/shells

Sample output:

% cat /etc/shells
# /etc/shells: valid login shells
/bin/sh
/bin/dash
/bin/bash
/bin/rbash
/bin/zsh
/usr/bin/zsh
/bin/ksh93
/bin/tcsh
/usr/bin/tcsh
/usr/bin/fish
/usr/bin/tmux


want to Install ubuntu 14.04 in my windows 8 pc and want to remove windows without losing any previous partition and data

This is how I will do it,

1.Make some free space/unallocated space ( about 50 GB ) by shrinking or deleting volume from current partitions ( using windows ).

2.boot ubuntu installation media.

3.now in the "installation type" select "something else".

4.add 3 partition -

i. select type > primary, allocate size > 20GB as ext3/4, mount point > /

ii. select type > logical, allocate size > 26GB as ext3/4, mount point > /home

iii. last of all 4GB as swap

That's all set for installation.

If you want to remove your windows partition just format/delete it after installing ubuntu ( after removing your needed files ).

NTFS file system can be mounted in linux using ntfs-3g & can be used natively.

Then run update-grub as root ( sudo update-grub ).

note: You can set your desired partition size according to your need or can expand it later.


Can't suspend on Acer Aspire One 722 using proprietary AMD drivers

This page shows some hope. I havent try it yet, but I'm prety sure that the problem may not be the problem. Maybe it's something related in the order of loading the driver options after resume from suspend, or something to do with the previous driver state saved on suspension--like first thing to do after suspend is to shutdown the screen and last thing todo after resume from suspend is to start the screen.

Also its known that if you try to login pointing to the center of the screen, it could be posible to start the screen again.

Maybe if there is a way to unlock the function keys before login then we could test trying to force the screen to turn on.


During install, not partitioning correctly

Have you tried choosing manual install and manually reformatting free space?

Basically follow this guide : http://www.tuxgarage.com/2011/02/manual-advanced-partitioning-in-ubuntu.html

Summary:

Make two partitions from free space, one primary ext4 mount at /, one primary linux swap.
Choose /dev/sda to install GRUB on.
Continue with install.


Docker Misbehaving on ubuntu 18.04 behind squid proxy

I resolved this by editing my IP4 DNS settings. I had 9.9.9.9, 1.1.1.1, 8.8.8.8.
Changed the UI IP4 settings to 1.1.1.1, 8.8.8.8.
I ran:
systemd-resolve registry-1.docker.io

and I get:
 -- Information acquired via protocol DNS in 139.6ms.
-- Data is authenticated: no
lar@lar:~$ kubectl get nodes
The connection to the server master:6443 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

At least I don't get a DNS issue like before


NetGear WNA3100M Wireless N300 not detecting any WiFi

An update fixed this. All my wireless networks now appear, and i can connect to them. Seems the MATE team has been working on this issue.


This is explained in man vim:

  Vim behaves differently, depending on the name of the command (the
  executable may still be the same file).

  vim:        The "normal" way, everything is default.

  ex:  Start  in Ex mode.  Go to Normal mode with the ":vi"
  command.
               Can also be done with the "-e" argument.

  view:      Start in read-only mode.  You will be protected from
  writing
               the files.  Can also be done with the "-R" argument.

  gvim gview:
               The GUI version.  Starts a new window.  Can also be done with
               the "-g" argument.

  evim eview:
               The GUI version in easy mode.  Starts a new window.  Can also
               be done with the "-y" argument.

  rvim rview rgvim rgview
               Like the above, but with restrictions.  It will not be possi‐
               ble to start shell commands, or suspend  Vim.   Can  also  be
               done with the "-Z" argument.

In other words, vim will detect the name it was invoked as and act accordingly. Another example of a program that behaves differently depending on which name it was run as is bash which acts as a minimal POSIX shell if called as sh (see INVOCATION in man bash).


Regular installation or Live USB with Reserved Space?

You can install onto the flashdrive. But, I recommend creating two partitions on the flashdrive, one holding the Live OS and another one formatted with ext4, holding the data.

You can create an ext4 partition by using Live Ubuntu. Boot to Live Ubuntu and start gparted program to create partition.

You may want to first use a smaller flash drive to use to Boot to Live Ubuntu, then when you are on the Live Session, insert the biggest flash drive and create two partition there.

Create first partition around 800MB and use the remaining space for the data partition.


Dual Monitors don't initialise correctly in booting - 12.10

The problem is, in my opinion, the lightDM is not great with multi-monitors. There is a good fix though.

install disper

sudo apt-get install disper

then edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf to have a

display-setup-script=disper -s line

example:

[SeatDefaults]
user-session=ubuntu
greeter-session=unity-greeter
display-setup-script=disper -s

This will use only the primary monitor for the greeter and unity will take over once your actually logged in.

See this answer for more information, but not that it's using the proprietary driver and that's not what you want. It should still work though.


I accidentally deleted usr/lib/python3.4 and now I'm having some problems, how can I fix this?

Several Python packages keep their in there so reinstalling one might not do it. See what has files in there on your system by running:

dpkg -S /usr/lib/python3.4

That will return something slightly different for everybody but the important part is reinstalling the packages it shows.

It needs a bit of processing (removing commas, chopping off the path), but here's something that does all that and gets them reinstalled.

sudo apt install --reinstall $(dpkg -S /usr/lib/python3.* | sed -r 's/, /\n/g; s/\: .+//')

In some cases you might have to prioritise (install them first) some packages over others manually but see what you get.


Cannot install gcc-4.8 because of unmet dependencies

First you should clean up the old ppa...

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test

Then, go into Software Sources and make sure you have the universe and multiverse repositories enabled. Do:

sudo apt-get update

Then you should be able to install gcc-4.8:

sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8

After that, I would be highly surprised if you could not add the PPA and try again with GCC 4.8.2, successfully.


S24_LE is not what you think it is (it's a 24-bit sample LSB-aligned in a 32-bit word, which nobody wants).

Use S24_3LE or S32_LE.


find out external ip and use to access ssh server

Your router shares your public internet IP address among all the devices on your local network (LAN).

Here's an example.

The (local) LAN address of my laptop is provided con be provided several ways: It's 192.168.1.6

$ ip addr | grep inet
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
    inet 192.168.1.6/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp3s0
    inet6 2603:6000:a540:1678:7d12:5d46:507e:9f79/64 scope global temporary dynamic

$ hostname -I
192.168.1.6 2603:6000:a540:1678:7d12:5d46:507e:9f79 2603:6000:a540:1678:dd8:8ed5:30bb:81a0

My public internet address can be queried from the router (login required), from Google ("What is my IP address?") or from any number of internet services: We will pretend that it's 123.45.67.89

$ wget -qO- ifconfig.co
123.45.67.89

Inbound connections from the internet go to your router. Your router decides which machine on your LAN gets the packet. That's why it's called a router: It routes the packets between the networks.

You must create a Port Forwarding rule on your router (not on your Ubuntu system) to tell the router what to do with, say, inbound ssh connections. Your router is not psychic - it needs to be told to Forward inbound ssh connections to 192.168.1.6.

After that, it's easy:

If I want to SSH to my laptop from another machine on the same LAN: ssh 192.168.1.6

If I want to SSH to my laptop from anywhere else on the internet: ssh 123.45.67.89. The router will automatically forward the connection to 192.168.1.6.


desktop contact manager with access to gmail api?

Open "Online Accounts" and connect your Google Account.


Snap (snapd) hello-world example not working (path not found?)

If you've just installed snapd, try starting a fresh terminal window to pick up the new $PATH. You'll only need to do this once.

If your shell doesn't read from /etc/profile.d you'll need to add PATH=$PATH:/snap/bin to your shell configuration (e.g. ~/.zshrc for zsh)


##Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial) solution:
Hmm :-/ I'm afraid this didn't work for me with ubuntu 16.04 Dell XPS13. Instead I discovered, Touchegg
https://samtinkers.wordpress.com/2016/06/13/3-finger-gestures-in-ubuntu-16-04/
sudo apt install touchegg

To enable 3 finger and above touch in Ubuntu 16.04 (of course be sure your touchpad driver supports multitouch, or else upgrade your kernel)
Go to your home directory and create an .xprofile with the following content:
then
synclient ClickFinger3=0
synclient TapButton3=0
touchegg &

Now after you reboot your laptop, you’ll be able to use gestures.


boot repair disk not loading - boots into black screen

NVIDIA GEFORCE GTX 970 is a quite new graphics adapter, which often has compatibility issues with the open source nouveau drivers. Boot from the USB drive - once the GRUB menu appears, press the E key and add the parameter nouveau.modeset=0 instead of nomodeset. Now you should be able to boot properly into the boot-repair-disk environment. The same method is valid for successfully booting other Linux based distributions and most of the Linux installation media.


Format password protected USB flash on ubuntu

I don't have any experience with password protected flash drives but most probably password protection is a software feature and not the hardware one. If that is the case then you can run gparted on ubuntu and delete the current partition(s) on your flash, then recreate a partition(s) and format it to your desired file system.

To install gparted use:

sudo apt-get install gparted

you can then run it System->Administration->gparted

Update:

Your disk may be failing, try running

sudo badblocks -v /dev/sdb

if the ouput from this command says zero bad blocks then try write mode test to make sure that your disk is fine. Use

sudo badblocks -v -w /dev/sdb

for write mode test.


Why was Grub and Ubuntu not installed on the same hard drive?

By default grub is installed on the first hard drive found.  If you choose manual partitioning when you install, you can select which drive to install grub to.


Is there a way to boot from usb through grub menu?

Yes there is a way.
First make sure you have secure boot disabled from the firmware settings. (The menu that opens when you press f2 during boot)
Then follow the following steps:

Press c when in grub menu to open command line
press ls to list all partitions in all hard drives

my output was as follows:

grub>ls
(hd0) (hd0,gpt1) (hd1) (hd1,gpt8) (hd1,gpt7) (hd1,gpt6) (hd1,gpt5) (hd1,gpt4) (hd1,gpt3) (hd1,gpt2) (hd1,gpt1)

This clearly shows that my usb drive is hd0.

type ls (hd0,gpt1) to confirm:

Output is as follows:

grub>ls (hd0,gpt1)
Partition hd0,gpt1: Filesystem type fat - Label `CES_X64FREV`, UUID 4099-DBD9 Partition start-512 Sectors...

  Inplace of (hd0,gpt1) type the address of first partition of usb disk e.g: (hd1,gpt1) or (hd2,gpt1). According to output of ls command.

We need the UUID shown in the above line

Note the UUID of you usb drive.
Type the following commands one by one.

insmod part_gpt
insmod fat
insmod search_fs_uuid
insmod chain
search --fs-uuid --set=root 409-DBD9

  In place of 4099-DBD9, write UUID which you noted down earlier.

Now we select the efi file to boot from. Type the following:

chainloader /efi/boot/bootx64.efi

Finally type boot

That's it, That should boot the usb drive.


No Ethernet after installation on Ubuntu 20.04 (drivers r8169 installed)

Apparently, seems like, all I had to do is - to install Kernel 5.9 and after that to reboot PC with ubuntu. Now I have an ethernet, amen. Damn these ubuntu developers, who didnt put kernel 5.9 on ubuntu installation image.
Minor guide for future fellas:

Download 4 Kernel files from Kernel site, (1 all headers, 3 either generic or lowlatency)
Put them on usb (or whatever, main goal to transfer them to ubuntu pc)
Put these 4 kernel files into some directory on ubuntu, and use sudo dpkg -i *.deb to install them
Kernel 5.9 is installed. Reboot PC.
???
PROFIT! You have now an ethernet access.


At your grub menu highlight Ubuntu.
Press e
Use your arrow keys to bring the cursor to the words quiet splash
Delete quiet splash and replace it with nomodeset
Type Ctrl+x or press F10
You now have access to limited graphics session.
Click on the Applications Overview (the small 9 dot grid icon in your launcher dock).
Type "drivers", or look for "Software & Updates".
In there select "Additional Drivers".
Change (or "install") your driver to a different selection, if available.
Apply the changes, and restart.