Any way to catch the notifications so another program can read them?

I'm not a ruby developer, came across this question while looking to do the same thing with Python - for Ruby, you might want to check out https://github.com/mvidner/ruby-dbus for this.
For python I'm using the python-dbus package now which is working great :)


Touchpad in Sony Vaio E14 - cannot click with a finger and drag with another - Ubuntu 12.04

I wrote a blog on configuring touchpad on my lubuntu set-up for the netbook. I wanted to disable tap to click but I link to instructions and you can try whichever suit you. It should work on other distros fine but I have only tested it on lubuntu.

how to set a config custom touchpad configuration


No sound after resizing partition with gparted

konrad@konrad-MS-7823:~$ lspci -nnk | grep -A2 Audio
00:03.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio Controller [8086:0c0c] (rev 06)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio Controller [1462:7823]
    Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
    Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
--
00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller [8086:8c20] (rev 05)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller [1462:d823]
    Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
    Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
konrad@konrad-MS-7823:~$

 konrad@konrad-MS-7823:~$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: HDMI [HDA Intel HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: HDMI [HDA Intel HDMI], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: HDMI [HDA Intel HDMI], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC892 Analog [ALC892 Analog]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 1: ALC892 Digital [ALC892 Digital]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
konrad@konrad-MS-7823:~$

konrad@konrad-MS-7823:~$ pactl list short sinks
0   alsa_output.pci-0000_00_03.0.hdmi-stereo    module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   SUSPENDED
1   alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo  module-alsa-card.c  s16le 2ch 44100Hz   SUSPENDED
konrad@konrad-MS-7823:~$

Sound isn't muted.


Ubuntu 14.04.2 is incompatible with the Intel graphics drivers, as explained in this forum comment. Seems you are pretty out of luck here, as there doesn't seem to be an easy solution for you.

You can upgrade to 14.10 Utopic, which will run into EOL this month (July 2015), and install the Intel Graphics drivers for it, but you will receive no further support after EOL. Should you despite this decide to do so, run the graphics driver installer after installing it and it should do the rest. However, if you run further release upgrades to 15.04 and the upcoming 15.10, you will lose the Intel drivers again until the installer is published for these newer releases.

The second issue described in your question seems to be a font loading issue, as only the letter h is affected. They can usually be resolved by a reboot.


The Hindi font rendering problem in Chrome is already well-documented. There has been a bug report filed against this problem.

A workaround has been suggested in the bug report, but I consider it too drastic as it involves deleting a couple of fonts. Instead, we can achieve the same effect by renaming those fonts.

Enter these commands in a terminal:

sudo mv /usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSerif.ttf /usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSerif.ttf.backup
sudo mv /usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSans.ttf /usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSans.ttf.backup

The Google Chrome page after the above modification:


To allow ssh, run

sudo ufw allow ssh

This will allow the default port for ssh (22).

For more information, DigitalOcean has a rather good guide to UFW.


xubuntu volume multimedia keys not working despite changing the active card

This could be due to the startup bug that affects several XFCE4 daemons: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1347272

If so, a workaround is to not start xfce4-volumed in daemon mode. Create a file ~/.config/autostart/xfce4-volumed.desktop containing something like this:

[Desktop Entry]
Hidden=false
Exec=xfce4-volumed --no-daemon
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=false


Ubuntu SDK Error 'could not find or load the Qt platform plugin "xcb".'

I had the same error by launching a scope app. I had to install qt5-default then configure the QT runtime in the Desktop Kit target.


Ubuntu shows Debian logo and crashes on boot

Make a fresh installation of Ubuntu 11.10 and update all required packages, then you want you can install gnome-shell and reboot

See weather proper booting or not

Then you install XFCE see weather proper booting or not.

Because when i install gnome the same had happened with me,Purple screen changed to Debian screen. But the OS is booting properly in my case both Ubuntu and windows 7

Just checked out and reply


Canonical replacing Unity with gnome-shell in Ubuntu 18.04 what now?

It's quite early to say, but unity 7 will be supported for the lifetime of 16.04, and probably longer, either by the community or canonical itself.

Development of unity 8 might continue by the community, although I doubt this because a lack of community support is exactly why they are abandoning the project.

Mir development will also probably end because the only DE that was using Mir was unity 8, and there was community pushback against this because we now had three competing display servers, of which two new ones.


deleting folders with spaces in their names using xargs

Fix it using -print0 in find and xargs -0 in xargs to tell both commands to use the NULL character as a separator instead of space:

find . -type d -print0 | xargs -0 rm -rf

Here's a nice explanation of why it breaks and how this fix works from The Linux Command Line by William E. Shotts Jr.

  Dealing With Funny Filenames

  Unix-like systems allow embedded spaces
  (and even newlines!) in filenames. This causes problems for programs
  like xargs that construct argument lists for other programs. An
  embedded space will be treated as a delimiter, and the resulting
  command will interpret each space-separated word as a separate
  argument. To overcome this, find and xarg allow the optional use of a
  null character as argument separator. A null character is defined in
  ASCII as the character represented by the number zero (as opposed
  to, for example, the space character, which is defined in ASCII as the
  character represented by the number 32). The find command provides the
  action -print0, which produces null-separated output, and the xargs
  command has the --null option, which accepts null separated input.
  Here’s an example:

find ~ -iname '*.jpg' -print0 | xargs --null ls -l

  Using this technique, we can ensure that all files, even those
  containing embedded spaces in their names, are handled correctly.

(-0 is the short version of the --null option)


A TPM error (7) occured attempting to read a pcr value

To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f / or sudo fsck -f /dev/sda1
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

If for some reason you can't do the above...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted and determine which /dev/sdXX is your Ubuntu EXT4 partition
quit gparted
open a terminal window
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX # replacing XX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


How to point to the current directory while executing commands

Use the PWD variable, or the pwd command with command substitution:

ln -s "$PWD" ~/tuv/wxy
ln -s "$(pwd)" ~/tuv/wxy


Downloading a file using multiple connections from a single server

The man page says that -x changes the maximum connections, but mentions that -k is used to specify the chunk sizes:

  Download a file from one host using multiple connections

  $ aria2c -x2 -k1M "http://host/file.zip"

  NOTE:

  The -x option specified the number of allowed connections, while the -k option specified the size of chunks.

Then the -k option says:

  -k, --min-split-size=

  aria2  does  not split less than 2*SIZE byte range.  For example, let’s consider downloading 20MiB file. If SIZE is 10M, aria2 can split file into 2 range [0-10MiB) and [10MiB-20MiB) and download it using 2 sources(if --split >= 2, of  course).   If  SIZE is 15M, since 2*15M 20MiB, aria2 does not split file and download it using 1 source.  You can append K or M (1K = 1024, 1M = 1024K).  Possible Values: 1M -1024M Default: 20M

It's possible the target file is too small to be split.

Also possible is that the target HTTP server is not capable of providing "chunked" downloads, which you can likely determine using the --console-log-level=debug flag.t


There's an alternate download which uses a more powerful compression method, and all of the standard 13.10 release fits on a CD using their technique.


Avoid entering password when launching Hadoop in Pseudo-distributed mode

Solved my problem using the steps described in this S.O. answer. Basically, do:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh localhost

then

start-dfs.sh

will not ask for passwords.


Which particular metadata are supported depends on the filesystem.
The default filesystem in Ubuntu, ext4, does support creation time (crtime) but there is no trivial way to view it and it isn't something that can be set to an arbitrary value. It is therefore not preserved when copying a file, and it's dubious that it should be as it's to indicate the time the file entry was created, not the content of the file.
As you have noted, the change time (ctime) is preserved. That's the time of the last change of metadata for the file, with mtime being same but for file content.
Several other Linux filesystems also do store the crtime, but I do not know of any way to view that time with simple tools, only by doing a debugfs as root on the raw device. And as I say, there is no way to preserve it when copying the file anyway.
You are going to have to do without the creation time of files, I think.


Did you try to remove lock?

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

And install what you want.


Is it possible to install 64 bit ubuntu desktop/server to a Compaq Mini 110?

It's a 32 bit laptop, 64 bit is not possible to be installed in this machine.


Kubuntu 15.04 - Wrong log in screen resolution on laptop

The way I solved this on my laptop:

Create a new xorg.conf file and copy it to /etc/X11
Under Section "Monitor" add the following line

Option "PreferredMode" "1920x1080"

Under Section "Screen" in SubSection "Display" add the Modes entry below the Depth line as shown.

Viewport   0 0
Depth     24
Modes "1920x1080"

These changes will make "1920x1080" the default resolution for login and session.

To generate the xorg.conf file you need to go to tty1 (Ctrl +ALT+F1) and after login stop the X server (sudo service lightdm stop) and issue sudo X -configure. Then copy the temporary xorg.conf.new file to /etc/X11/xorg.conf and reboot.


Ubuntu Installer doesn't detect Windows 10 nor its partitions

The problem was being caused by 2 overlapping partitions (3 and 4 in my case), as seen by the output in sudo parted /dev/sda unit s print.

I had 4 primary partitions already, so I deleted the HP_TOOLS and HP_RECOVERY partitions (which I believe I'll no longer need) to make space for Ubuntu's. All unallocated space was in one section next to Window's. I resized partition 2 (Windows) to make more space for Ubuntu. I only used GParted for all this.

By doing this the option to install alongside Windows appeared again. I chose to create the partitions for Ubuntu myself and both operating systems are working fine. Read question's comments for reference.

Thanks to olfred and Organic Marble I could fix it. Cheers!


How can I remove the workspace switcher icon from Unity launcher?

Use dconf-editor ... to install it - execute : sudo apt install dconf-editor

Then open com -> canonical -> unity -> launcher and click on favorites

In the field Custom value remove 'unity://expo-icon', and click Apply

Switch between work spaces with key combination : Ctrl + Alt + Arrow-Key

When you want to revert the change, you have two options, either re-add  'unity://expo-icon', to Custom value or switch Use default value to ON and then click on Apply.
Note : the second option reverts all launcher icon setting changes back to default though.


How to print multiple copies of an image on a single page - gui

I don't know how to do it in the system print dialog, but I can with LibreOffice.

After installing LibreOffice (if it isn't already on your system), open LibreOffice Writer and add your desired image to the page at its upper left.

Choose Print, then the Page Layout tab, and set the number of pages per sheet.

Go back to General and under Range and Copies choose Pages. Use the same page number(s) n times, where n is the number of instances to print per sheet. For a one page document printed 4 times on a sheet, enter: 1,1,1,1. To print 9 images on three successive sheets, enter: 1-9,1-9,1-9.

You may need to change from portrait to landscape page, if the image is not a square, so check first with Print Preview.


How to download Ubuntu to a USB for another computer?

Go to the Ubuntu download page and download the version that you want to. I recommend you Ubuntu 12.04. After that you will have an ISO file.

You need to put the ISO file in your USB stick from your mac. Now you have a USB flash drive where you can boot Ubuntu.

All that you have to do is configure your BIOS to boot from the USB stick, save your changes, plug it and reboot. Now you can choice the Try Ubuntu option and do what you want to. And if you like it, you can easily install it erasing Windows Vista or trying other options too.

NOTE: your mac system will not be harmed, because you are using it to download a file and install it into a USB flash drive. So you are not modifying any there.


Upgrade to mysql-server 5.7.20 InnoDB problem

I got it working now with help from this thread: MySQL not working after upgrade from 14.04 to 16.04

I had to remove these two lines  from my.cnf

key_buffer_size = 16M
myisam-recover-options  = BACKUP


How do I enable global menu for Qt applications?

Are you talking about Qt3 or Qt4? Qt3 is not supported at all and there is no way to work around that. But Qt4 is supposed to be supported out of the box, and if it doesn't for you it might be a bug.


I have the same problem.  It seems to be an issue with Plymouth not capturing keyboard input, at this step in the boot process

Work Around: update boot parameters in /etc/default/grub and change splash to nosplash. After that you can run update-grub and you will get a console based password prompt instead of the Plymouth one.  Not as pretty, but it's doesn't require gyrations to boot.

Diagnostic Synopsis:  If I hit Ctrl + Alt + F1 then Ctrl + Alt + F7, the Plymouth graphic screen disappears and it brings me back to a black screen where I can see the text I type echoed, but it doesn't accept the input to unlock the drive.


In the Terminal menu -> Edit -> Keyboard Shortcuts -> Enable menu access keys.

This fixed the problem for me.


18.04 Switch users stops working after a while

gdm is flawed, quite sad they've not fixed this yet, but installing lightdm improves it :

sudo apt-get install lightdm

This allows me to switch user, but on doing so I have to enter password twice, firstly at switch user screen which takes me back to the locked login screen


Backuppc startup fails because removable HDD not ready at boot

The standard way to mount disks at startup is adding an entry in /etc/fstab.

Make a folder to mount your disk with sudo mkdir /mnt/Seagate-4TB (or whatever name you want)
Find the UUID of your disk by running sudo blkid
The output will be something like:

/dev/sda2: UUID="32a4b76f-246e-486e-8495-31b8a781fb4c" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda1: UUID="31f39d50-16fa-4248-b396-0cba7cd6eff2" TYPE="ext4"

Copy the UUID of the disk you want to mount

Then edit /etc/fstab with sudo gedit /etc/fstab and add your entry to the end

UUID=31f39d50-16fa-4248-b396-0cba7cd6eff2 /mnt/Seagate-4TB ext4 rw,user,auto,nofail    0    0

Of course change the UUID to your actual disk UUID. You also may need to change the ext4 if you are using a different filesystem.


Installation not giving option to install along side Windows 8?

After installing Windows 7 or 8, you need to have a logical partition to install Ubuntu alongside it. If you don't have a logical partition then the option Install Ubuntu alongside Windows is missing.

To get it back, do the following.

Install EASEUS Partition Master Professional Edition (NB: Quite Expensive) or free trial download here
Run EASEUS Partition Master then click Go to main screen option.
Here, select the partition which you want to install Ubuntu in, and right-click on it and select Delete Partition. Now it's unallocated (Free space).
If you don't have this partition you can shrink another one other partition. Just right-click on other partition and select Resize/Move Partition (20GB is enough). Don't format the free space.
Now right-click on * unallocated and select Create Partition. Under the Create as drop down, select Logical and click OK.
Click the Apply button at the top of EASEUS window (under view menu) then click Yes. This operation needs to restart your computer to completing
Finish

If you insert the Ubuntu installation media (USB/DVD) you will see Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7/8.


Set Cinnamon as default startup on Live CD/DVD

It seems that the installation is on hard disk and you want to run Live CD/DVD in cinnamon.

To run the Live CD and fetch Cinnamon from installation is, I would say, tricky. But it is still possible to get Cinnamon on Live boot:

1) Using whoami get your Live-boot username (usually ubuntu)

2) Using passwd set your Live-boot password. If it has some issues, delete the password by -d option, and set password

3) Install cinnamon now.

4) Log out, put your username there (whoami one), and from the menu (Gear in 11.* and 12.* while bottom of the page list for older versions), select "Cinnamon" instead of "Gnome"

5) Enjoy :)


Installing Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Server on a PowerBook G4 - Can't get partitions to work

Here's something I found closely related to your question - https://www.jeremymorgan.com/tutorials/linux/how-to-install-linux-ppc-powerbook-g4/

hopefully it helps, it is a tutorial on how to install on a powerbook g4.


Concurrent connections and Prefork MPM module in Ubuntu

Your apache configuration looks alright.

With so many connection you can get problems with system ressources:

What are the ulimts for the runtime user of your apache cat
/etc/security/limits.conf
if you have concurrent connections your system could be depleted of ports; check sysctl net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range

Monitor your system activity online while your test is running; open a console on your server and start vmstat 2 before you test and observe the values.

Also you could set your a higher log level in the main httpd.conf LogLevel info. Maybe you get some hints before your webserver stuffs it; otherwise try with debug (do not forget to switch back to warn or errror afterwards ;-) )


/home is on a different filesystem (last line of your df command output) and /mnt/data0 doesn't show up within / but as 21% full.

In order to get your system back to work, you need to free space on the / filesystem only, where also your /root directory is located.

Best thing is to check, where all the space has gone with the du -s command:

I.e.:

cd /
du -s *

Then cd to the directory with the largest number in front and type:

du -s *

And so on. At some point you will find some large files and may choose to remove them to free up space.


Bangla Font displaying issue in firefox 58 on ubuntu gnome 16.04

I figured it out by discussing it in the comment section. Thanks for the help.

It was a firefox font settings issue. Fonts-beng package and lohit bengali font were already installed in my system. If you do not have those, you should install those first. Then restart firefox, if it is not automatically detecting the correct font and bangla scripts looks broken, then you have to change the default font for bengali language in firefox from default to something known bengali font (“lohit bengali” preferred). It can be done by going to Menu > Edit > Preferences and in the General tab to the Language and Appearance section by clicking Advanced button, a pop up window will open showing Fonts for Latin (in default). You have to choose Bengali and choose one of the bengali font.

After this, click Ok and restart firefox. It should solve the problem.

I did not know if it was like this in the previous versions. I encountered this problem a few days ago just after the update from version 57 to 58, before that it was fine. They have fixed some font issues in the 58.0 build which is declared here. I think it has messed up some default settings which was automatically detected in previous versions. I may be wrong in this part, may be my system has done something to firefox, but it looks like the above mentioned process should solve this issue if it appears to others.

Thanks.


I had the same problem. I went through these steps and solved it:

Edit ...

vi /etc/ppp/peers/dsl-provider

By #, comment this line like this:

#usepeerdns

Edit ...

vi /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head

Make sure it is like this:

nameserver 8.8.8.8

By the way, my connection was pppoe. If you can manage where usepeerdns is for wifi, yours also will be solved.


Can one copy and paste from a dialogue box in lubuntu?

Normally when you select text in Linux, it is automatically sent to clipboard, so just select the text in the dialog box, then use middle click to paste (just pressing the button will paste, no context menu), if you don't have a middle mouse button then simultaneously pressing left and right click would paste.


Delete identical files from one folder in bash (ubuntu 20.4)

First, you can simplify the parsing of your format by setting IFS to your chosen delimiter this will make read split words at @ instead of space. Using globbing "$b"/* in a for-loop will iterate file/dir objects in the source directory. ${d##*/} removes the source path from the file object, we can then create a new target object $c/$e.
#!/bin/bash

IFS=@ \
read -r -p "Enter parameters in the format source@target: " b c

for d in "$b"/*; do
    e="${d##*/}"
    if [[ -f "$c/$e" ]]; then
        echo rm -- "$c/$e"
    fi
done


Trackpad mouse jumping all over while typing

sounds as if you need a longer time out.

Try syndaemon

syndaemon -i 2 -d &

-i 2 = sets the idle time (time out) to 2 seconds. You can increase this if needed.

-d = runs in the background (daemon)

You might be interested in :

-t = Only disable tapping and scrolling, not mouse movements.

-k = Ignore modifier keys when monitoring keyboard activity (allows Ctrl+Left Click).

See man syndaemon for additional information.

Once you find the settings you want, add the command to autostart when you log in.

You would add it by running gnome-session-properties and adding in the command.

See Ubuntu Wiki Adding Program To Session Startup (the page is a bit dated in places, but should give you the general concept).


Default font and font size in LibreOffice Calc 4.2.3.3

Start by clicking on the Format menu. and then select Styles and Formatting.  You should then see the Styles and Formatting window.  Right-click on Default and select Modify (as shown below):

On the next window, click on the Font tab at the top:

From here, you should be able to modify the default font.


How to setup Ubuntu on a Cubieboard or Cubietruck?

If you want a current version of "Ubuntu" a.k.a Vanilla Ubuntu with Unity and a Vanilla kernel, You don't setup Ubuntu on a Cubieboard - That being said, there are some Unsupported EOL Linaro based images that will get you a Lubuntu-ish desktop on them.

Fist I'm going to list out some of the resources you may want to look at:

http://cubieboard.org/ This is the main site for the cubieboards, The English is roughly translated, but this is the first place to see news about the boards, It also has downloads of all the images on http://cubieboard.org/download/ (ignore the pictures and scroll down for a list)
http://linux-sunxi.org/Category:Community_Devices wiki style general information about the boards

There are two ways to install/run ubuntu on these boards. First you can flash the firmware replacing android on the device - which is a complex process (If you really want to try this way, try this with one of these downloads most likely the 1.06v) . Or you can install on a microSD card. I recommend trying to use the SD card.

Cubieboard2 only.

From: http://docs.cubieboard.org/tutorials/cb2/installation/cb2_lubuntu_card_install

Download This: http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-cubieboard/lubuntu/cb-a20-lubuntu-desktop-card-v105.img.gz

Then do these commands in terminal(replacing sdX with your microSD card, BE CAREFUL I WARNED YOU)

cd Downloads
gzip -d cb-a20-lubuntu-desktop-card-v105.img.gz
sudo dd if=cb-a20-lubuntu-desktop-card-v105.img of=/dev/sdX bs=1M
sync

Pop the microSD card in the cubieboard and boot. (if you get "display not supported" or something like that you might need to ssh in or blindly get to tty and try switching the display, I think this page had the command: http://docs.cubieboard.org/tutorials/a20-cubieboard_lubuntu_desktop_releases)

And the rest is too much of a mess to even mention, oh and this will only get you a linaro version of "Lubuntu 12.10" don't expect any graphics drivers or acceleration or anything to work properly, and if you want flash try this: http://hwswbits.blogspot.com/2013/04/flash-on-picuntu-linux-arm.html

And I left out the cubietruck because I don't own one.


Error message: 'E:The package mono-runtime needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it.'

You can download the mono-runtime installer for Ubuntu 12.04 and install it.

Ubuntu 12.04 32-bit

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T, then run the following commands:

wget https://launchpadlibrarian.net/200774235/mono-runtime_2.10.8.1-1ubuntu2.3_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i mono-runtime*.deb
rm mono-runtime*.deb
exit

Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T, then run the following commands:

wget https://launchpadlibrarian.net/200773594/mono-runtime_2.10.8.1-1ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mono-runtime*.deb
rm mono-runtime*.deb
exit


One AMD CPU core is always at 100% load while Chrome is just displaying a blank page

The problem comes from AMD Video Drivers.

I reported the bug here.


Eureka!

All I had to do to install a group of .deb files automatically was:

cd deb-files-location
sudo dpkg -i *.deb


What to do when the Options button ("Cog wheel") disappears in nautilus from the upper-right corner - pb re-occurs

I'm not sure what addon you have that adds the settings cog wheel, but you can get to the options with edit -> preferences menu.


Imagemagick rasterizes everything. You could simply do:

convert -density 200 input.pdf output.pdf

Of course the recipient might decide to run an OCR program on your file. The density parameter sets the resolution expressed as PPI.


How to use xbindkeys to activate a minimized window?

xbindkeys is a tool to change keyboard layout. I am not sure if you can assign scripts to hotkeys with xdotool, but it is certainly possible in most desktop environments and even window managers to assign a script or a shell command to a custom hotkey.

You can use either wmctrl or xdotool to search existing windows by window title or window class and act on them, in your case, bring them to the foreground.


this is a known bun in maas 1.5

see https://bugs.launchpad.net/maas/+bug/1307779

i had the same problem and upgraded to 1.6
but this results that its now stuck on route-info

you can upgrade by adding
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:maas-maintainers/stable


How can I install ia32-libs on ubuntu 14.04?

1st Option:

Doesn't one of the listed packages complete the dependency? You can try installing one of the listed ones and then try again.

2nd option (only if the first one fails):

If you'd like to install the exact package, try the following in a bash terminal:

sudo -i
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d
echo "deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main restricted universe multiverse" > ia32-libs-raring.list
apt-get update
apt-get install ia32-libs

Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23182765/how-to-install-ia32-libs-in-ubuntu-14-04-lts-trusty-tahr


Will 18.04 receive any of the updates in 18.10?

If you prefer system stability - then you can test Ubuntu 18.04 LTS from LiveCD and then install it.

About the kernel - it seems that you are talking about LTS Enablement Stack.
See particular section named 18.04.x Ubuntu Kernel Support:

(Click image to enlarge)

So updated kernel will be released with the release of Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS (February 2019).

If you want to test newer kernel on already installed Ubuntu 18.04 LTS - you can always test newest mainline kernel.


Proper Installation of Kali linux tools in Ubuntu

Introduction

Katoolin is a collection of scripts for automating the installation of Kali linux tools in different platforms other than Kali linux, and installing Kali linux tools with Katoolin in other OSs or Windows Subsystem for Linux is always less secure than installing the same tools in Kali Linux. Kali Linux is named after the Hindu goddess of destruction which should give the user some indication that even Kali Linux itself is risky and difficult to manage, especially for new users.

Katoolin draws its tools from a variety of sources including apt and GitHub. Katoolin doesn't know anything about the platform that it is running on, so the safest way to use Katoolin is to install each tool the hard way one tool at a time, checking each time to see if that tool is included in the default Ubuntu repositories and if so installing it that way instead. When the installation is finished, the software sources that were added by Katoolin should be immediately disabled in order to prevent Katoolin from replacing packages that were installed from the default Ubuntu repositories with its own updated packages whenever Ubuntu software is updated.

Installation of Kali linux tools

(Re)install Katoolin as follows:

Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install git
git clone https://github.com/LionSec/katoolin.git && sudo cp katoolin/katoolin.py /usr/bin/katoolin

Make /usr/bin/katoolin executable.

sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/katoolin

Run Katoolin as follows and you will see the Katoolin interface:

cd /usr/bin/
sudo ./katoolin

View the categories of available software in katoolin interface

  Press 0 to install all Kali linux tools.

  When you go to View Categories and then enter 0 for all, the installer will immediately return to where you were. Scroll up, and you'll see that a number of the packages can't be found. Those packages are no longer maintained or have been removed from the Kali repositories. Even with this issue, you'll still find a lot of the Kali software available for installation.

  So the best option is to install Kali linux tools in a series of distinct steps. Just like if you want to install Forensic tools on your system, then choose its option from the category and then type 0 to install all forensics tools. If this still doesn't work, then you have to install whatever forensic tools that can be installed one package at a time.

  This is why the Katoolin interface sometimes hangs when you try to install all of the Kali linux tools at once. Take the time of waiting for the server to respond to a request for a package that is not available and multiply it by how many unavailable Kali linux tools there are in the Katoolin repositories.

  If you wish to go back to the main menu, type gohome in your katoolin interface. Now select the option 3 or 4 to install either the classicmenu indicator or the Kali menu. Press the y key to continue and then press Enter to start its setup.

  Once you are done with installation of Kali tools using katoolin, you can quit by pressing the keyboard combination Ctrl+C and you will see the goodbye message.

  shutdown requested....Goodbye...

Credit for the above text block goes to Kashif at How To Install Kali Linux Tools On Ubuntu 16 And CentOS 7 with my additions italicized.

Warning about updates after installing Kali linux tools

The LionSec Katoolin GitHub webpage clearly warns Katoolin users to be careful when updating software.

  Before updating your system, please remove all Kali-linux repositories to avoid any kind of problem.


Links won't open in Dolphin using U1 Client on KDE

I have filed bug #931807 on Launchpad to track this problem.


That's unfortunate pal.. Looks like Ubuntu's bootloader has been removed from the Master boot record. You can try this out

Disable Fast Startup, and shut down your computer then boot up again.
Try booting using a Live CD and go to Terminal & reinstall grub for your drive in this way from the Live CD sudo grub-install /dev/sdX where X is the letter of your drive.
Alternatively check this article or this or this thread out.
If all fail, perhaps you can create a thread on this forum

Best of luck pal.


Few questions about /root /home directories and installation location options

First, let me clear some things you seem to have misunderstood:

/home is not your home directory. It contains the home directories of the users of the system.
/root is not the file system root, but the home directory of the system's root user. The file system root is /

  do programs install to the /home directory?

TL;DR: No.

When installed by the package manager, thy go to various locations in /usr, e.g. executables go to /usr/bin, libraries to /usr/lib, and other stuff, such as resource files would go to /usr/share.
When software isn't installed using the package manager, i.e. manually, it follows the same as above, but in /usr/local.
Proprietary software, which may not be directly installed from official repos often goes into /opt.

Note that settings, cache files, etc. of these programs are stored in your  home directory. Also, not all software follows those standards.

  Is 6GB enough for my /root directory and 4GB for my /home directory?

See above: /root != /.

As you are planning on installing few software, 6GB seems enough for the root partition. I'd say you could even go with less. Much more so if you installed a more lightweight flavor like Lubuntu.

Depending on how much code you are going to write and how much resources such as images etc. you need, I'd say 4GB could be somewhat scarce. Personally, I'd put /home on the SSHD and give it somewhat more space, but again, I don't know how you are going to use your system, so this is actually 99% opinion-based.


I have downloaded Ubuntu 13.04 amd64.iso but ended up with 32bit OS

Here's the link for the 64 bit version - just to avoid any confusion.

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/thank-you?distro=desktop&bits=64&release=latest

If you download and install this, but still end up with a 32 bit o/s .. then I think its time we called Mulder and Scully out :)

Good Luck


Is it possible to put multiple Operating Systems on a single CD/DVD (NOT USB) and be able to run them individually?

Try MultiCD

From its site:

Multicd is a shell script designed to build a multiboot CD image containing many different Linux distributions and/or utilities.

Even though the name has CD in it, it works for DVDs as well.

Steps

Make sure your ISO files are among the supported distributions listed HERE.
Download the script from the MultiCD page. Note that starting with version 5.x, you can download MultiCD in two formats: single script called "combined" and a script with a plugins folder called "separate").
Put the downloaded files in a folder along with the supported ISO images (or symbolic links) and then make the script executable. Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and enter: chmod +x multicd*.sh.
Run the script: sudo ./multicd*.sh

Reference

http://www.webupd8.org/2010/02/multicd-builds-multi-boot-cd-dvd-with.html

I hope this helps.


The recommended resource is the Official Ubuntu Sound Troubleshooting guide.

In case you still face an issue you should take a look at the sound guide discussed in Ubuntuforums.org
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=205449


If you want this parameter to be permanently added to your default linux boot parameters you should modify the GRUB configuration file.
Edit your “/etc/default/grub” and modify the appropriate line to be something like GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash console=ttyl".
Save the file and run update-grub so that changes will take affect.


I think I might have some sort of malware on my Ubuntu laptop. Does anyone know what it could be?

This sounds normal to me. Looking at this question, it appears the cause of the error message you're seeing is the lack of an illegal operation string in the output of ssh -G. However, the same is true on my system, which I'm 99.9% sure is currently clean.

As to the warning output in rkhunter, have a look at this ServerFault question - that also sounds normal.

However, if you do conclude that your machine is infected, the safest way to remove any malware is to wipe and reinstall the system.


Can i have ubuntu in the same bootable usb stick for windows and mac?

The USB boot is based upon what version of ubuntu you want to install, not what other OS was or will be on the machine.

So yes, one stick to rule them all.


How do I upgrade to the latest Java 7 while not losing my existing Java dependencies and add-ons?

what else would be smarter and safer way? (to avoid not losing many other dependencies just only to remove openjdk-6)

The smartest way is to be backward-compatible and install both of them (Java 7 is still maturing, I believe.)

Install OpenJDK 7, and whatever else you need, and then use sudo update-alternatives --config java to show you the various available java binaries and their locations and select a default (invoked when you just type java).

This lets you still use Java 6 when necessary by simply calling it via the full path to the binary. Replace java with javac, etc. in update-alternatives and set those too.

When you determine that all your code/programs runs stable on 1.7 and want to get rid of 1.6, run dpkg --list | grep -i openjdk to find out what packages are installed on your system, before you run something like apt-get remove openjdk.*!!


Looks like it is there under the name lp:ibus-typing-booster.


use the  ln  command to do symbolic links.

 ln -s <real folder> <link folder>

in this example, you will create link folder that will actually contain what  real folder  have, and if you save something to link folder it will actually save it into real folder

You can verify the link with the command ls -l which will show an arrow to where the link points.

Note that the folder containing the link must exist, so you would have to create it first.

So in your situation, the commands that you are looking for are

sudo mkdir /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/htdocs/narrowcasting

sudo ln -s /var/www/thumb /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/htdocs/narrowcasting/thumb

Again, you can verify that the link was actually made with

ls -l /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/htdocs/narrowcasting/thumb


execute the enscript command in cron job fails

FIXED,

Needed full path,

enscript --language=html -p/home/adminuser/Backup_Cakebox_Server.html /home/adminuser/Backup_Cakebox_Server.log
enscript /home/adminuser/Backup_Cakebox_Server.log -o - | ps2pdf - /home/adminuser/Backup_Cakebox_Server.pdf

...sorry for this unnecessary posting....


Why is upgrading from an LTS to LTS more safe than doing upgrades from the Short Term Supports?

Any upgrade is a risk. Things can break in between. Power failure can be an issue. So purely based logics going from LTS to LTS is less risky than going LTS->NON-LTS->NON-LTS->NON-LTS->LTS.

The whole idea of using an LTS is to not upgrade in between LTSs. You get a lot of stability in exchange for not getting the latest software out-of-the-box.

And yes; if possible I would always go for a reinstall. A reinstall has a side-effect: it will remove all packages you installed and that you never used.


Checking if Ubuntu package contains desired update

One way is to inspect the package changelog:

$ zgrep abi_tag /usr/share/doc/clang-3.8/changelog.Debian.gz
  * Add support for gcc's attribute abi_tag (needed for compatibility with

The changelog is also available online at http://packages.ubuntu.com.

So it looks like the patch you want is included.

The other way is to inspect the patches applied while packaging. You can download the packaging source code and inspect it:

$ apt-get source clang-3.8
Reading package lists... Done
Picking 'llvm-toolchain-3.8' as source package instead of 'clang-3.8'
NOTICE: 'llvm-toolchain-3.8' packaging is maintained in the 'Svn' version control system at:
svn://anonscm.debian.org/svn/pkg-llvm/llvm-toolchain/branches/3.8/
Need to get 37.8 MB of source archives.
Get:1 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main llvm-toolchain-3.8 1:3.8-2ubuntu4 (dsc) [5,787 B]
Get:2 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main llvm-toolchain-3.8 1:3.8-2ubuntu4 (tar) [358 kB]
Get:3 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main llvm-toolchain-3.8 1:3.8-2ubuntu4 (tar) [10.6 MB]
Get:4 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main llvm-toolchain-3.8 1:3.8-2ubuntu4 (tar) [1,641 kB]
Get:5 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main llvm-toolchain-3.8 1:3.8-2ubuntu4 (tar) [3,974 kB]
Get:6 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main llvm-toolchain-3.8 1:3.8-2ubuntu4 (tar) [1,996 kB]
Get:7 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main llvm-toolchain-3.8 1:3.8-2ubuntu4 (tar) [19.2 MB]
Get:8 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main llvm-toolchain-3.8 1:3.8-2ubuntu4 (diff) [60.1 kB]
Fetched 37.8 MB in 2s (14.7 MB/s)
dpkg-source: info: extracting llvm-toolchain-3.8 in llvm-toolchain-3.8-3.8
dpkg-source: info: unpacking llvm-toolchain-3.8_3.8.orig.tar.bz2
dpkg-source: info: unpacking llvm-toolchain-3.8_3.8.orig-clang.tar.bz2
dpkg-source: info: unpacking llvm-toolchain-3.8_3.8.orig-clang-tools-extra.tar.bz2
dpkg-source: info: unpacking llvm-toolchain-3.8_3.8.orig-compiler-rt.tar.bz2
dpkg-source: info: unpacking llvm-toolchain-3.8_3.8.orig-lldb.tar.bz2
dpkg-source: info: unpacking llvm-toolchain-3.8_3.8.orig-polly.tar.bz2
dpkg-source: info: unpacking llvm-toolchain-3.8_3.8-2ubuntu4.debian.tar.xz
dpkg-source: info: applying 18-soname.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 19-clang_debian_version.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 23-strlcpy_strlcat_warning_removed.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying 27-fix_clang_stdint.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying 26-set-correct-float-abi.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying 0003-Debian-version-info-and-bugreport.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0021-shared-lib-debian.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0023-link-libopagent.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying 0044-soname.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying scan-build-clang-path.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying declare_clear_cache.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying 31-powerpcspe.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying 34-powerpc-no-altivec.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying clang-format-version.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying disable-execinfo-usage.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying unwind-chain-inclusion.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying hurd-pathmax.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying use-deb-json.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying atomic_library_1.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying atomic_library_2.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying python-clangpath.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying removeduplicatedeclaration.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying fix-clang-path-and-build.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying do-not-fail-on-unexpected-pass.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying silent-more-tests.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying disable-display-PASS-UNSUPPORTED-XFAIL.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying lldb-link-atomic.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying fix-llvm-config-obj-src-root.patch
dpkg-source: info: applying compiler-rt-path.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying lldb-soname.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying force-link-pass.o.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying follow-parallel-var.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying hurd-EIEIO-undef.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying silent-MCJIIT-tests.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying lldb-libname.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying compiler-rt-i586.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying clang-analyzer-force-version.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying fix-cmake-config-prefix.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying llvm25468-lldb-swig-format-security.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying llvm26003-sanitizer-check-env.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying drop-avx512-from-skylake.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying D17567-PR23529-Sema-part-of-attrbute-abi_tag-support.diff
dpkg-source: info: applying D18035-PR23529-Mangler-part-of-attrbute-abi_tag-support.diff

There are a lot of patches being applied, among them:

$ grep abi_tag llvm-toolchain-3.8-3.8/debian/patches -Rm1
llvm-toolchain-3.8-3.8/debian/patches/D18035-PR23529-Mangler-part-of-attrbute-abi_tag-support.diff:+  // abi_tag is a gcc attribute, taking one or more strings called "tags".
llvm-toolchain-3.8-3.8/debian/patches/series:D17567-PR23529-Sema-part-of-attrbute-abi_tag-support.diff
llvm-toolchain-3.8-3.8/debian/patches/D17567-PR23529-Sema-part-of-attrbute-abi_tag-support.diff:+This text tries to describe gcc semantic for mangling "abi_tag" attributes

So you have at least two patches applied for abi_tag.


erasing/formating/deleting a Usb Flash drive

then you have really problem on that drive cause They are no chance to unlock it, my friend have this too and i tried everything on it but can't format or everything.


Can I safely change group ownership of /var/log/auth.log?

Followup:  Since no one ever gave a reason why "adm" group ownership was important, I changed the group ownership to "splunk".

After 6 months, no issues were noticed.  I decided against giving the splunk user additional group privileges by adding it to the "adm" group.  I reasoned I could give the adm account the extra privilege of "splunk" group membership, if necessary.


Some questions before I install Ubuntu from Windows

Yes, Skype, IMVU and Firefox are available.
You can use the Windows installer then, aka Wubi.
Minimum reqs are 512 MB RAM and a 1 Ghz CPU.


You could use java -Xmx4096m in order to set your heap to 4 GB.

you could then add export _JAVA_OPTIONS=-Xmx4096m to your shell by their (.bashrc, .zshrc) file.


Cannot install Terratec Piranha USB stick

Unfortunately the driver was not listed in the prioprietary "additional Drivers" section of Ubuntu. After some search, I found this post suggesting that the firmware must be downloaded manually from the original firm. Unfortunately the original FTP server is down, so one should do it from a mirror/backup server for old Terratec drivers, as suggested in this forum post in German

wget http://terratec.ultron.info/Receiver/Cinergy_Piranha/Update/Cinergy_Piranha_Drv_Vista_XP_3.09.02.00.exe
unzip -j Cinergy_Piranha_Drv_Vista_XP_3.09.02.00.exe "Cinergy Piranha/BDA Driver 3.09.02.00/Windos XP (32Bit)/SMS100x_Dvbt.inp"
sudo mv -i SMS100x_Dvbt.inp /lib/firmware/`uname -r`/dvbt_bda_stellar_usb.inp

What we do here is that we download the compressed batch with drivers, we uncompress the firmware and we put it in the driver directory of the current linux kernel

Then unplug and re-plug the usb-stick


12.04 and later - Unity (3D)
The launcher icon size can be changed from a new option in System Settings - Appearance

You'll see a slide bar which allows you to change the launcher size.
Drag left to shrink

Drag right to expand


I actually faced the same problem right now, because I upgraded from 16.04 to 18.04 only recently. The solution is simple, download the slighly outdated, but functional .deb file that would have been available for xenial. It can be installed with gdebi, or in the terminal with dpkg -i [filename].deb.

Here is the link to choose your prefered repository: https://packages.ubuntu.com/en/xenial/amd64/kbackup/download

This link is for the 64-bit version, but that should be standard by now anyway.

Once kbackup actually becomes available, one can easily remove the manually installed package and get the newest version via apt!


Ubuntu 14.04 runs slow on AMD A4 - 4Gb Ram

In order to make your system faster, you could try the following:

Install the proprietary AMD driver, so the APU speed can be regulated.

Open Software & Updates, go to Additional drivers and select fglrx.
Install the packages preload and prelink. These take certain actions to make the system faster.

Execute sudo apt-get install prelink preload in a terminal.
Reduce Swap usage. The default swappiness value is 60, which may be too high.

Open the file /etc/sysctl.conf and set the swappiness parameter:
sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf in a terminal.
New line at the end: vm.swappiness = 10, then another linebreak, save with Ctrl+O.
Enable boot profiling. The next reboot may take a bit longer, but the following should be faster.

Open /etc/default/grub and append profile to the line that says quiet splash:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash profile"

If you don't want your boot menu to appear (if it even does), set GRUB_TIMEOUT=0

Save, exit and run sudo update-grub.

If you apply these changes, your computer should get faster after a reboot.


What applications are available for reading Python documentation offline?

Ubuntu provides the documentation for Python and its major libraries as different packages. The documentation is in HTML format and can be viewed in your browser once installed.

These documents are installed as a sub-directory in /usr/share/doc/. After installing the packages, we may browse to this folder and open the index.html file contained therein with our Browser and bookmark its location for easy access.

It's good to search Ubuntu Software Center for the package of the documentation you want. Use the keywords as:

python-<library_name>-doc for documentation relating to Python 2 third-party library; and
python3-<library_name>-doc for documentation relating to Python 3 third-party library.

You should be able to find them with some trial and error, otherwise Google is your friend.

Example for installing Python documentation and PyQt4 Reference Guide

Following is an example relating to:

Python 2 documentation (which also contains the documentation for its standard library) as found online over here; and
PyQt4 Reference Guide as found online over here.

Install the documentation package

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python-doc python-qt4-doc

Add as Browser bookmark

Open your File Manager and browse to /usr/share/doc/python-doc and look for index.html file to open it with your browser. Then add it as a bookmark.

Similarly, browse to /usr/share/doc/python-qt4-doc/html and look for index.html and add that as a bookmark. I would also suggest to bookmark the location of /usr/share/doc/python-qt4-doc/examples for some good example code written in PyQt4.

You may follow similar approach for having access to offline documentation for other third-party Python libraries.


How can I use 16.10 Yakkety kernel in 16.04 Xenial?

The second point release for Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) is scheduled for February 16th, 2017. It will be powered by Linux kernel 4.8 replacing the currently used 4.4 branch.

To test the upcoming HWE Stack before the official release of 16.04.2:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-hwe-16.04-edge

This package has been available in the xenial repository since early December 2016.

Note: This kernel package is no longer available under the name linux-generic-lts-yakkety described in older answers.

See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/RollingLTSEnablementStack for more details on Ubuntu's new approach for offering HWE kernels.


You should be able to pass the variable using -v the same as you do for your input variable

awk -v input="$constrained" -v value="0.05"

then use sprintf within your BEGIN block to construct the format string e.g.

BEGIN {
  n = split(toupper(input), user);
  fmt = sprintf("%%-4s %%-8s     NNN    %-4.3f %-4.3f %-4.3f\n", value, value, value, value);
}

Note the use of %% to produce literal % in the fmt string.

To test that it's constructing the correct format string, we can add print statements, first for the fmt string itself and then for the resulting print statement:

$ awk -v value="0.05" '
    BEGIN{
      fmt = sprintf("%%-4s %%-8s     NNN    %-4.3f %-4.3f %-4.3f\n", value, value, value, value);
      print fmt;
      printf(fmt, "test", "testval");
    }'
%-4s %-8s     NNN    0.050 0.050 0.050

test testval      NNN    0.050 0.050 0.050


How do I do a customised LVM install of Ubuntu 18.04.1 Desktop LTS?

OK, I did the following:

Started (but cancelled) a 'standard LVM' install. This creates a basic LVM on the drive
NB If you then reboot your 'Live CD' DVD, I had problems early on with being unable to do anything with the LVM so created. (These problems may be because I was unfamiliar with LVM.)
I could see no way to use 'something else' to tweak an LVM install. It would have been helpful for it to give some hints/clues about how to do what I then did ...
Used variety of lvremove, vgrename, lvcreate to prepare the LVM as I wanted. BTW this included /(root), /home, /var, /swap.
Start install with 'something else' and point various partitions in /dev/mapper(?) as I wanted them in the install. To me, this mapping was not intuitive, as it lists many partitions that are irrelevant, and of the relevant ones half the nearly-duplicated lines can't be selected anyway.

So I now have Ubuntu 18.04.1 installed.


How to require password to edit the file?

Short answer: No.

Long answer: It depends.

Are you willing to lose full root access?  If not: it cannot be done.  The root user is, by definition, the user that can do everything including totally and utterly destroy the system, but also read and write all files.  I answered a similar question here.  It is logically impossible to both be root and not have access all files.

However, if you are willing to give up root access, you can.  You just need someone else to have root on your machine (Let's say your spouse - I mean, this is about porn, isn't it?  I know it is... It always is.), and you get an account without root rights: A so called "Standard User".  At that point, you will not be able to edit that file because you're not in the sudoers group.  Your spouse will.  However, it comes with the limits of not being able to install software and do other system maintenance tasks.

This isn't a full protection.  Unless the disk is encrypted (and you don't have the password), you can still boot withe a LiveCD/USB and go modify the file.  Technically, protecting you from yourself is close to an imposibility.


Possible fix:

1.'sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia-settings'

'whereis nvidia-settings'
Delete everything listed.  Because of a "feature" in Linux the system thinks that your going to need these files again.  What is happening  is thst you config files are not removed.

NOTE TO DEVELOPERS -  Purge means remove EVERYTHING including the config files

Then reinstall the driver per instructions.

This is the simplest way, that I found,  to cure most configuration problems.


AnyDesk stuck on the client computer Ubuntu 18.04

Is your network connection stable? A dodgy internet connection seems to manifest from the client side as the remote session freezing up (though I know from people at the location that the remote host is responsive). Sometimes this persists after the network is re-established. You can reset this with sudo service anydesk restart and start a new session from the client.

There is also some condition where the client's mouse input will "lock out" the users at the remote end. It seems there is an interlock that prevents both parties from inputting at the same time, and occasionally it sticks.


In build/core/main.mk, the java_version_str contains the output of "java -version":

Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -javaagent:/usr/share/java/jayatanaag.jar
java version "1.7.0_79"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.5.6) (7u79-2.5.6-0ubuntu1.15.04.1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)

The java_version is supposed to extract "1.7.0_79" using grep. The caret at the beginning of the grep regular expression "^java" indicates that the author intended to be able to find a line starting with "java". Unfortunately, GNU Make variables do not store the line endings. So the grep only sees one giant line starting with "Picked".

The grep works accidentally when the "java version" happens to be on the first line. This is probably why "unset _JAVA_OPTIONS" was added in java_version_str, because it was causing similar problems.

The simplest solution is to follow the current band-aid solution by adding "unset JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS" to java_version_str:

java_version_str := $(shell unset _JAVA_OPTIONS && unset JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS && java -version 2>&1)
javac_version_str := $(shell unset _JAVA_OPTIONS && unset JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS && javac -version 2>&1)

The real solution would be to not use an intermediate variable java_version_str and perform the grep directly:

java_version := $(shell java -version 2>&1 | grep '^java .*[ "]1\.7[\. "$$]')
javac_version := $(shell java -version 2>&1 | grep '[ "]1\.7[\. "$$]')


Why such long list of users and groups in my system?

In short: privileges separation. A lot of different services and subsystems have their own user and group. It helps to fine tune access rights. Such system also servers to enhance security - if an intruder, or app/script that has malicious code in it, would make it to be recognised as that user, not all of the system would be compromised.


How to remove Postgres from my installation?

The simplest way to do this is to open a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get --purge remove postgresql

This will also prompt you to remove that software that depends on Postgres, which in this case it appears you would like to do.
I do not personally run 9.10 or Postgres, so it is possible that Postgres installs itself in several parts. In that case, a simple:

dpkg -l | grep postgres

Will get you the list of those packages that Postgres installed.
Then, just use the same "apt-get --purge remove ...." command but instead of just postgresql, type each package name, separated by spaces, like:

sudo apt-get --purge remove postgresql postgresql-doc postgresql-common

This is dependent on the list of packages installed, of course.


First you should note this is dues to really another update every date as shown in their PPA. But if you still want not to get update from this repository you should use the "hold" concept to stop update from specific package.

You can do it using either dpkg or apt

Using dpkg

Put  hold on numix-icons-theme package

echo "numix-icons-theme hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections

Removing that hold

echo "numix-icons-theme install" | sudo dpkg --set-selections

To check if hold is done run this:

dpkg --get-selections | grep "numix-icons-theme"

Using apt

Put  hold on numix-icons-theme package

sudo apt-mark hold numix-icons-theme

Removing that hold

sudo apt-mark unhold numix-icons-theme


BIOS contains WGDS but no WRDS, Ubuntu 19.04

Bug 205513 - iwlwifi: Change log level of "iwlwifi 0000:6f:00.0: BIOS contains WGDS but no WRDS" to "info" has been fixed in Linux kernel.
From the ticket:

We have investigated the issue and it turns out that the reference
implementation of the BIOS recommends having WGDS set to NOP values
when WRDS is not included.  This is what is causing the problem in so
many platforms.  The error message itself is harmless, so I'm going to
reduce the logging level as suggested.


Multi-Touch Tap Pad Gestures on Synaptics Tap Pad

This is not possible due to hardware limitations. According to the Ubuntu wiki, Synaptics tap pads only support two or three simultaneous touches depending on the model while the Cypress tap pad could obviously detect at least four for the gestures to work properly.


How to tweak Powertop to reduce power consumption?

First, for someone that is new like you, I recommend ignoring powertop. Its way to complicated to reach your achievable goals. Your likely tiring to get a few extra minuets, maybe an hour. Powertop, while nice it more about tuning, and less about "user level" power management.

Also, quick disclaimer, Linux tends to use more power then windows because it does "more stuff" and uses the hardware different. You may not be able to get the same amount of time in Linux as you did in windows, or you may get more.

These are listed in the order of importance to me. That is the easiest to do with the most gain first.

CPU Frequency

The largest impact on my battery is CPU frequency. When I am plugged in I want full speed, but when I unplug I want as much battery as I can muster. This is mostly automatic, these days, however to give it a bit of a hand, and to let me see it, I installed jupiter. This auto does stuff when on battery and when on power. It also gives me some direct control over some power management features.

Display Brightness

Just turn it down as far as you can. This made a large difference to me. If you want to do this via a script then echo -n 100 > /proc/acpi/video/VGA/LCD/brightness should would with a little adjustment. The path will likely be different depending on build/kernel/hardware.

Keyboard backlight

On My Mac Book Pro, this has only a little gain, but turning off the keyboard backlight is super easy.

Idle Time and Screen Blanking

Turn them way down. From "Power" in unity, set suspend when inactive to 5 minutes, and when the lid is closed suspend. There is a link in the Tip at the bottom of the window. Click it and make sure that Dim Screen to save power is checked. Turn screen off after 2 Minutes.

Turn Off Bluetooth

Again an easy one that doesn't save a lot. From Jupiter indicator, disable Bluetooth when on battery.

noatime

Edit /etc/fstab and add noatime to all local partitions and mount points. This "should" prevent your drive from spinning up as frequently. Read up on it first. This doesn't give the benefit it once did, but it keeps my drive from spooling.

Do less stuff

This one is kinda tricky, but can give you a ton of savings. Basically Linux does a ton of stuff in the background. This is one of the best things about it. However it can also lead to higher then needed power usage. The easiest thing to do here is disable cron on battery but turn it back on when on power. This can be dangerous if you don't know what you doing. Basically it shouldn't hurt anything if you miss a few cron jobs, but leaving it off all the time will cause problems.

Also take a look at/keep an eye on htop. Reconsider the apps that are using a large amount of CPU.

Nvidia

I have no idea if this actually does anything so I put it last. Turn nvidia's (if you have it) powersaving on high. nvidia-settings -a [gpu:0]/GPUPowerMizerMode=0 should accomplish that. Side rant, compiz keeps my card from going below the max an awful lot. They need to fix that.

Closing

These should help you get a reasonable level of battery performance from your ubuntu laptop. Powertop is very nice but if your a new Linux person it's about 100 flavors of overkill. Try these steps first.


Cannot install android-studio on Ubuntu - error 'unable to access sdk'

OK it has been a lot of searching but it appears the problem is that the adb and some other sdk tools still use some 32bit libraries which have been deprecated and are no longer supplied with the latest version of Ubuntu 64....

Hopefully this issue will be resolved soon in the meantime I got it working with:

sudo apt-get install lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 lib32bz2-1.0

sudo apt-get install lib32stdc++6

And so far it is working as expected.

Hope this answer saves other people from spending a whole day searching for the problem :)


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS - Automount CD/DVD to /media

Welp... I solved my own problem.

sudo mkdir /media/cdrom0

And, add the following line to fstab:

/dev/sr0    /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8   0   0

Everything returns to normal.  For some reason it was mounted and broken somehow.. Not sure.  Anyways, running a umount on the drive first and reinserting after several system restarts fixed the problem.  I guess that means it's solved. :P


How to block WINE app internet access persistently

The problem is the default primary group of the user.  If the user was created and has a default user group of their username (which most cases will be this on a default setup), then the gid-owner check will not match because the process's owner Group ID is not no-internet, it's that user's group and not the target group ID you're trying to match.

NOTE: If you make this change to your currently running user who has sudo you will likely break things, so I suggest that you create a secondary test user* and test the Internet rules from there

Assuming that your iptables rules will persist, then make this additional change:

sudo usermod -g no-internet $USER

Then, test that user's connection to the Internet once they're logged in (ping 8.8.8.8 should say "operation not permitted", curl https://google.com should get a "Could not resolve" error, etc.).

* Note that I used deaduser which I created with the following command and then logged in as that user to test Internet connectivity: sudo useradd --create-home --user-group -g no-internet deaduser, and then logged in forcibly as that user with sudo su - deaduser to test the configuration of the rules.

The tests I did were ping 8.8.8.8 (which got an "operation not permitted" reply) and curl google.com (which got a "Could not resolve" error).


Dual Boot Windows 7 with Ubuntu on Second Hard Disk

I recommend you install GRUB into the Master Boot Record of the second hard disk you are installing Ubuntu on and configure your bios to boot that hard drive first, GRUB will detect your Windows install on the SSD and include it allowing you to choose either operating system on start up.

When you install ubuntu ensure you select /dev/sdb as the destination for GRUB.


Post 8088 is open and is pointed to url but still getting a "The requested resource is not available

Add xyz.abc.de to your hosts.

Edit /etc/hosts file with:

sudo nano /etc/hosts

Change line:

127.0.0.1       localhost

with:

127.0.0.1       localhost xyz.abc.de


Libre Office Calc causes problems in recovering Excel-Files

I have opened and re-saved a number of excel files originally created under XP without a problem.

When saving your LibreOffice Calc file (to open again under MS Office Excel) are you making sure that you have saved the file in the correct format?

In the Save As dialogue box, you can select the file type from a drop down list. You may just need to check that it is the correct type for the version of Excel you are using.


How do I prevent me from changing /etc/hosts

TL;DR Unfortunately, your self-control cannot be configured.

If you want to prevent yourself from editing this file, it will not be possible as long as you are logged in with your administrator account (sudo rights). Create a new user without administrator privileges and work with this account.

Or by editing the configuration of your router and forbid it from that side.


Planning to setup an encrypted data drive only. Not OS or swap

Here are some thoughts about your scenario.

In terms of robustness and implementation of the encryption LUKS is the best choice. However, you will never be completely safe against attackers unless the server is switched off, since as long as it is running and the partition is decrypted, an attacker gaining access to your server can access the data. There is really no other way of preventing that than to encrypt each file before storing it on the server, as you already do.

I do not know of a way to reboot your server without having to enter a password either, since you don't want to store a keyfile on an unencrypted system partition. Even with full-disk encryption, you will need to provide a password, keyfile or PGP key on boot somehow. But maybe someone else is more knowledgeable about that.

For more information about the various options I recommend the always excellent ArchWiki

From what you're describing, I think your best solution would be using an open-source cloud solution such as Nextcloud (don't worry, contrary to the site's appearance you can freely self-host it on your own server). That would encrypt the data in transit and at rest, storing the data in its own repository encrypted with the users keys/passwords. An attacker gaining access to your server does not automatically have access to the stored data unless they know a user or admin key. The server could also reboot on its own since it's not a whole partition that needs to be unlocked, but rather a container used by the application. The trade-off is that you need to trust Nextcloud.


By default, Ubuntu includes avahi. This is an implementation of zeroconf which allows computer hostnames to be resolved with the virtual ".local" name. Whenever your computer tries to connect to "hostname.local", avahi will perform local network broadcasts to see if there any computers with that hostname. Other computers running avahi (or something compatible) should answer.

If you look in /etc/nsswitch.conf, you will find the following line:

hosts:          files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4

The mdns4_minimal is the configuration setting that makes this redirection work.

Your question actually suggests that avahi is running successfully as you say that you can connect to your Ubuntu computers using "hostname.local". However, you do not make it clear ("When I ssh to them from another, ...") if you are trying to connect from another Ubuntu computer, or from another Windows computer. Without installing other software such as Bonjour, Windows computers cannot resolve zeroconf-style "hostname.local" names.


To remove php7.0 use

sudo apt-get purge php7.0-common


How can Google Chrome be installed on Ubuntu Touch?

Well the answer is you cant , cause it is not supported for neither your device nor any ubuntu phone. And by the way you cant install 64bit package in a arm system.Sorry for that!

I tried that ARC welder in Google Chrome but all in vain it never works flawlessly , developers have to work more upon it!If you are trying to run some android app , give a shot to Genymotion.

Cheers!


Invalid VPN Secrets! No Server Certificate Verification Method Enabled

I don't think that No server certificate verification method has been enabled. is the source of the problem. But I fixed this warning by selecting "Verify name exactly" for the option "Server Certificate Check"

To the "Subject Match" field I entered "OpenVPN Server".

Here I paste the screenshot:

But regarding the error message AUTH: Received AUTH_FAILED control message I'd say that your VPN credentials are invalid or you have selected the wrong authentication type. And this seem to be the real issue.


Aha! This mess is not a bug, it's feature :) Google Chrome since version 35 updates it's GUI from GTK to Aura. See http://www.webupd8.org/2014/05/google-chrome-stable-35-for-linux.html for more informations.


Problem in installing library from github

The command

make FC=gfortran all

builds the libraries in a local lib/ directory:

$ ls lib/
libslatec.a  libslatec-dbvp.a  libslatec-sbvp.a  libslatec.so  libslatec.so.4  libslatec.so.4.1.1

If you want to link the library when building your own program, you will need to tell the compiler where to find it by supplying an additional library search path

gfortran . . . -L path/to/slatec/lib/ -lslatec

or copy the library/libraries to somewhere on the default library search path such as /usr/local/lib - the slatec Makefile provides an install target to do exactly that, as you can see by running make -n install

$ make -n install
install -d /usr/local/lib
install -m644 -t /usr/local/lib \
    lib/libslatec.a lib/libslatec-dbvp.a lib/libslatec-sbvp.a
install -m755 -t /usr/local/lib lib/libslatec.so.4.1.1
cp -P lib/libslatec.so lib/libslatec.so.4 \
    /usr/local/lib

so you'd do

sudo make install

To run programs that are linked against a new shared library, you may additionally need to run

sudo ldconfig

in order to update the dynamic linker cache.


If you are stuck in initramfs it means you have a corrupt installation. Did you have it functioning beforehand? If it loaded what it did it means it could not load the rest of the modules because a critical one is either deleted, misplaced, or corrupted.


How to change file managers "files" icon to nice "nautilus shell" icon in Ubuntu 12.04?

From /usr/share/applications/ copy the files

brasero-nautilus.desktop
nautilus.desktop
nautilus-folder-handler.desktop

to ~/.local/share/applications/. Open them with gedit and change the Icon field.

If what you want is a standard icon, you can give the icon name (like system-file-manager for the file cabinet, vlc for vlc, etc).

I don't think the nautilus shell falls under this category. If so, you can download the required icon onto your computer and provide the full path to it in the Icon field. Make sure there are no spaces in the file path.

EDIT: How to find which files to copy

Open /usr/share/applications/ in nautilus.
Wait for it load completely.
Copy the files with file cabinet icon to ~/.local/share/applications/.


How Can I Make A .desktop Launcher For A Sudo command To Execute GfxTablet Program?

In previous versions of Ubuntu, the answer would have been easy: use gksudo in the "Exec=" line of the launcher. It would, before launching the actual program, provide a graphical dialog to enter the user's password. However, "gksudo" indiscriminately allowed a privileged user to run any graphical program as root, and this is now deprecated. It has been replaced by pkexec, which in addition to asking for a password will first check if you are trying to run a program that explicitly is allowed to be run as root. Additionally, it will by default never allow a graphical program to fully run as root. The possibility, however, is still there to accommodate legacy graphical programs designed to fully run as root.

man pkexec explains how you can proceed to run your custom executable as root.

Create an action file, based on the template you find in man pkexec (see under Example). Provide your own <action id= and change <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path"> to the full command of your executable. Optionally, you can adopt parameters as the icon, description, vendor information, etc.
Place the file in the directory /usr/share/polkit-1/actions

In the .desktop launcher, precede the full command of your executable with pkexec. If all goes well, clicking the launcher should display a dialog to enter your password, along with the message specified in the file.

If the command provides terminal output you wish to see, then include a line "Terminal=true" in your .desktop file. That way, the command will launch in a terminal that will remain open as long as the command is running.


Adding program booting options to the OS

Write a short shell script which is in your autostart (you seem to have solved that bit). The script could look like:

#!/bin/bash
echo launching in 5, press ctrl+c to abort
sleep 5
myFlightSimCommand


Compiz slow under proprietary nvidia driver

I would try 260.19.36 or 260.19.29.

The 270 driver line is VERY beta right now.  I'd steer clear.  I currently use 290.19.36 in Ubuntu 10.04 -- sorry can't upgrade right now to 10.10 for comparison.

FWIW, I use this link.


Kernel panic when booting directly from UEFI

I've learned that this is a common problem with Dell UEFIs - they don't seem to pass parameters to the EFI loader. Thus UEFI launches kernel using its EFI stub, but it's missing initrd and fails to boot.

I don't have any sources at hand currently, but this seems to be a common problem and it's probably googlable for those interested.

Workarounds include:

Using an EFI shell script that will run automatically when shell boots. (there's also a timeout, so shell is still usable if necessary)
Using systemd-boot, which is an EFI-aware bootloader which can boot kernels using their EFI stubs. Pop_OS combines this nicely with kernelstub in its default configuration, removing the need for GRUB2 altogether.
It's probably possible to embed parameters or even entire initrd in the kernel image, but that sounds like a hassle.


Making a metapackage that depends on a package with a different architecture

It can't be done, unless adobereader-enu declares itself to be MultiArch: allowed or MultiArch: foreign.

Instead, create an i386-only metapackage, which depends on adobereader-enu, and is MultiArch: allowed.


Building ghc 7.6.3 on Ubuntu 13.04 leads to error in DynFlags.hs

Yup Salem had it right. It was an OOM issue. I increased the servers RAM from 512MB to 1024MB, and the problem was solved. Thanks!


Is there a way to force use of one particular DNS server among multiple listed?

nslookup allows specifying dns server . you can use that to test queries, like so nslookup google.com 8.8.8.8 ,replace 8.8.8.8 with your desired server. Dig command offers same functionality. More info in man nslookup and man dig


undefined reference to `dlopen' despite CMAKE_DL_LIBS

As I wrote in a comment:
I just had the same problem on a Ubuntu 13.10 64bit. I'm not sure if the cause of our issue is the same Ubuntu version, as I solved it as follows:

I used a self-compiled version of the Pluma library. Whenever I tried to compile my own project which used that Pluma lib, I got the error you mentioned above. I tried to add ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS} like you, but had no success.

The reason was, that I had to manually link Pluma with libdl at first (add -ldl). After that I could use libPluma.so without problems. I'm not sure, why Pluma compiled without -ldl, but I can only guess that it's something with the linker not working properly.

So to make it short (and answer your actual question):
You need to link libfbxsdk.so with -ldl, it does not help to just link gameplay-encoder with it.


First run ps aux | grep netbeans command.It will display netbeans program along with it's pid.
Note the pid and kill the program by running,

sudo kill <pid>


Need to upgrade nodejs to version 10.14 or higher on Ubuntu 18.04

your errors seem to be issues with getting your APT cache established -- The links in the curl are not responding valid (See the 404 error in the error stack) ...

Not sure this will actually work if its a connectivity issue, but You might try removing the nodejs installation, updating your packages and reinstalling nodejs 12.x with teh 12.x curl, for example.

To Remove and Reinstall Node & NPM:

First remove node:

sudo apt-get remove nodejs npm

Then update & upgrade:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Then get your desired Node version:

//where setup_12.x, replace with desired major version
curl -sL deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | sudo -E bash -

And then install your new node version:

sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

That should do it.  You can check your current version by:

node -v
npm -v

Hope this helps!


Initialise a variable with a specific date in a specific format

Put $( ) around the command when assigning, eg:

#!/bin/bash

hi=$(date -d'-1day' +'%b %d')

echo "$hi"

Works.

Updated as per geirha's comment.


The site seems to be out of date or incorrect. The package is called foma-bin, so you should be able to manage with:

sudo apt install foma-bin

If that fails, ensure the universe repository is enabled (it should be, by default).


According to the supported hardware table the ATI driver you should be using is already installed and used by default in Ubuntu 11.10.

Your card, the ATI X1300 uses the RV505 chipset, which according to the table, is supported by the catalyst legacy or open-source drivers.

Since the first cannot be installed in Ubuntu 11.10 unless you are able to install and use a kernel version 2.6.28 (or earlier) you are only able to use the second and that is already installed in your system.


Can I install Ubuntu 64 bit alongside a Windows 8.1 32 bit pc?

That's no problem at all. Install the 64 bit version of Ubuntu. The two systems are independent of each other.

Grab a USB stick (2 GB will do) and look for a program which is able to get the content of the image file onto it. If your PC doesn't boot from the USB stick look for boot order in your bios settings and move booting from USB up to the top. You will be guided through the installation process.


Immediately after booting the Ubuntu Live DVD/USB, you'll see a small icon that looks like a little man next to a keyboard, at the bottom of your screen. Touch any key on the keyboard to activate a supplementary menu. Hit the F6 function key. Select nomodeset. Continue booting. Install Ubuntu.


How to add evolution to the messaging menu?

Install the evolution-indicator package.


apt-get command error not letting Ubuntu update

The server appears to be down. Open software sources and disable the Canonical Partner repository on the first tab. Enter your password to write the config and close the window. Then, try to update again.


This, is not possible with repositories of ubuntu, you can uninstall qt via apt-get and install Qt from site:
       http://qt-project.org/downloads or
       ftp://ftp.qt.nokia.com/qt/source/
or searh a repository with Qt


I don't think you really have a file called Sep 19 18:50.

I made an new folder tmp, then made a single file foo in that folder. Then I sftp'd in, cd'd to tmp, and ran ls -l:

drwxrwxr-x    2 ek       ek           4096 Sep 19 19:39 .
drwxr-xr-x   30 ek       ek           4096 Sep 19 19:39 ..
-rw-rw-r--    1 ek       ek              0 Sep 19 19:39 foo

You'll notice that all entries show a date and time. That's not part of their name, it's just the time they're marked as having last been modified.

The name is to the right of that, separated by a space. Thus there are three entries:

foo, the file I created.
.., which represents the parent directory (i.e., the folder one up):

sftp> pwd
Remote working directory: /home/ek/tmp
sftp> cd ..
sftp> pwd
Remote working directory: /home/ek

(Except when you're in /. There's nothing above / in the directory tree. Then--and only then--.. represents the same directory as ..)
., which represents the current directory (i.e., the directory you're in now).

sftp> cd tmp
sftp> pwd
Remote working directory: /home/ek/tmp
sftp> cd .
sftp> pwd
Remote working directory: /home/ek/tmp

ls only shows the . and .. entries when the -a flag is supplied (or when you explicitly give their names, or a pattern that matches them, after ls on the command line). This is true both of the ls command in sftp and the ls command issued on a full login session with a regular shell prompt.


Should I partition 256GB SSD to install Ubuntu?

SSD is just like HDD , partitioning is not a problem other than it might result in too small disk space. I managed to dual both on a 120GB but then i barely used windows.

The linked post suggests its not a great idea to put swap on your SSD, it doesnt' say partitioning is bad. Swap on SSD is fine , makes suspend/hibernate super fast. It might wear it out a little quicker but SSD isn't designed for long term storage anyway and you should have backups.

USB 3 is almost the same speed as sata so if your usage is uneven then i'd suggest putting the lesser used OS on the external disk.

It really depends on your workload and how much RAM you have , if you are editing big media files and really need the raw speed then nothing will be better than a full SSD install. Likewise if you have less than 4GB of ram then fast disk is essential as you will be swappign in and out of memory a lot.

If you have your OS on the SSD and your Data on the HDD then you will notice when you touch the HD as the system will slow. If its possible to get one system and its working data set on the SSD then it might be the way to go if your really really need performance.


Using 'dd' command to create bootable USB stick

If you run Startup Disk Creator, you'll notice that it does three (four) things:

Format the drive
Copy over the data from the ISO to the drive
(Add an extra casper1 file for persistence, if selected. dd does not give you persistence.)
Install a bootloader

It is not a GUI for dd (there are GUIs for dd, but SDC is not one of those).
You can think of it as doing equivalent of Arch Linux's or Gentoo's manual methods. You should be able to create a bootable USB using most (reasonably popular) distros' installation ISOs at present. This was not true about three or four years ago, when I looked at Arch. It was only 2010 that all Arch ISOs gained this feature (where you could write it directly to a USB drive) - from 2008 to 2010 they had special USB images.

Further, if you dd a drive directly, that drive is effectively read-only until you format it or use the remaining space somehow. A SCD-created disk is still usable as a USB drive, even though the contents are are not accessible from the live environment easily. So if you dd a 1GB ISO to a 8 or 16 GB USB drive, you're effectively abandoning the remaining space unless extra steps are taken.

1Typically, most live images use a SquashFS file for the root partition. SquashFS is read-only, so for persistence, a casper-rw file is created in /casper. I am not sure of the origins of casper. From what I understand, when booted with the boot=casper option, the kernel overlays the casper file (creating one if none exists) on top of the squashfs, so that it gains write capability. casper doesn't have to be a file, it can also be a partition.


Postgresql 9.3 Fails on starting on Ubuntu 14.04

Usually, when postgresql suddenly stops, may be a signal that the space reserved for it was filled up. All postgresql stuff is stored into /varfolder, mainly its database. So some good-practices should be adopted, except to save space in /var, because it may affect any other programs.
a) if you plan to reinstall your server and postgresql is critically essential, reserve a wider partition to /varfolder, apart from root partition;
b) if your server is already running as also postgresql, you could migrate its database location to another partition. I found this article from Digital Ocean, it's very useful:
How To Move a PostgreSQL Data Directory to a New Location on Ubuntu 16.04
it works for 14.04 too, just change systemctl to service way.


Sounds like the EFI section of partition table has lost its' boot list. Only way I know to add them is by reinstalling the whole system. Making sure Ubuntu sees your EFI boot partition. Been there, done that here too. If you can boot into windows via the cd, there are options to rebuild the MBR (mast boot record). it will put back the windows boot settings. There are cd / ISO of parition recovery systems online. I know one had a feature to "find" bootable paritions on your system. SystemRecovery CD or something like that.


clean restart during reshaping raid 5 to raid 6, is it possible to retrieve something? or continue the grow?

So I had to mdadm --stop array
and then reassemble with mdadm --assemble array --backup-file /location


Networking - connecting to multiple networks and forcing IP per application

For anyone with a similar use case: I simply connected my broadband and USB tethering to my PC and used a CLI tool called firejail to limit any app to any interface.

Example command:
firejail --dns=1.1.1.1 --defaultgw=<gateway of interface> --net=<interface> --noprofile <your command>


Why are all my DNS queries received from 127.0.0.1?

The IP address 127.0.0.1 means localhost, i.e. it refers to your computer. The DNS response is coming from your computer.

The host program, like all other programs on the system, knows which DNS server to query by looking in the file /etc/resolv.conf.

The reason your computer is sending the DNS response is that it is running a DNS cache. The DNS cache software remembers requests, so that if you access the same site multiple times in quick succession (for example, to display a web page with embedded images, Javascript, frames, etc., or display several pages from the same site), only the first request needs to wait for a reply from a distant server, and subsequent requests get a very quick reply from the local machine.

Ubuntu runs dnsmasq as a DNS cache by default. Dnsmasq itself queries a DNS server provided by your ISP; this configuration is normally done dynamically (through resolvconf: the DNS server is added to the configuration when the corresponding network interface goes up and removed when the interface goes down. Available DNS servers for Dnsmasq are recorded in /etc/resolvconf/run/interface/*.

Note that I provide file names for curiosity purposes only. There are very few circumstances where you would want to edit them.


Cannot get into BIOS or boot from disk on Samsung NP300 laptop

Flash BIOS was a sole option to solve this problem. It wasn't so simple so I want to share it with others who have similar problem.

Firstly, I was need to download Windows PE and burn it on DVD. For me the best was Gandalf's Windows7 PE. I could run it using F3 on startup. Then I was need to install drivers to my network card (from USB stick).

It is probably not possible to find proper file of BIOS in Internet (PO5RAJ in my case). Even Samsung support couldn't help me with that. However, here is a good solution how to extract ROM file from Samsung utility for Bios Update: http://forum.notebookreview.com/threads/samsung-laptops-roll-back-bios-updates.696197/
You can use WinFlash which also is in Temp directory, but be shure to check option "Remove variables", beause without it you'll see no changes with your BIOS.


Is Ubuntu well-suited as a small business solution?

Ubuntu is perfectly suitable for business use in general. To compare, Microsoft has different versions of Office directed at personal use and students and other versions for professionals. The software itself is pretty much the same, but with different restrictions. For instance, if you buy MS Office for personal use, you can't legally use it in your small business. Another example is Windows Small Business Server. This is just a bundle of Windows Server software with a limit to how many users you are allowed to have, etc. Because of these restrictions, the price of the software can be lowered because you couldn't use it for larger businesses.

With Ubuntu, there are no ultimate editions or personal use only editions. Everyone gets the best software available. I see no reason why LibreOffice should be more or less useful to large companies than it is to small businesses, students or personal users, for instance. We know for a fact that it is useful to very large companies and organizations. So, as a general answer to a general question, I would say that yes, Ubuntu is very much suitable for small businesses.

As a general advise, I'd recommend that you define your needs, rather than labeling yourself simply as a small business. There might be differences between a hair dresser and a small law firm, for instance.


this problem some time occurs when you have not installed google-chrome package of proper architecture ( when install 32bit package on 64bit machine). then it require some packages like overlay-scrollbar-gtk2 , unity-gtk2-module,libcanberra-gtk-module:i386 etc. so, either install these packages or uninstall google-chrome and reinstall proper architecture packages.
after uninstall google-chrome install it again using following steps:

download correct packages from here
install it using command

sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

if it fail then install dependencies by running command then install again.

sudo apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

now run command on terminal

google-chrome

or

google-chrome-stable

i have tested it by installing on ubuntu 14.04.


Remove Boxy SVG from initial Ubuntu 20.04 set up

It turned out to be just a Chrome application. Chrome creates icons in the launcher. I just had to remove it from the Chrome applications at chrome://apps/
So if anyone ever sees an application they don't remember installing and can't get rid of, take a look there!


Is using Internet Explorer 6 on PlayonLinux legal?

Installing IE6 on Ubuntu is legal - as long as you have a valid Windows Licence.  This is explained by the previous way to install ie6 (ies4linux)

"NOTE:  IF YOU DO NOT HAVE A VALID EULA FOR ANY "OS PRODUCT" (MICROSOFT WINDOWS
95, MICROSOFT WINDOWS 98, MICROSOFT WINDOWS NT WORKSTATION 4.0, MICROSOFT
WINDOWS NT SERVER 4.0, MICROSOFT WINDOWS NT SERVER, ENTERPRISE EDITION 4.0 OR
MICROSOFT WINDOWS NT SERVER 4.0, TERMINAL SERVER EDITION), YOU ARE NOT
AUTHORIZED TO INSTALL, COPY, OR OTHERWISE USE THE OS COMPONENTS AND YOU HAVE
NO RIGHTS UNDER THIS SUPPLEMENTAL EULA."

However, if you feel unsure - don't do it.  Different countries have different interpretations on this sort of thing - i.e. may be legal in one country but not another.


How do I install Ubuntu 13.04 on my laptop with 3 primary and 1 extended partition existing already?

What you've got is this:

extended partition holding one logical partition
primary partition
primary partition
primary partition where you want to install Linux

This is a rather awkward configuration. The problem is that you've maxed out your primary partition table, so you can't create another primary (or extended) partition; and to create additional logical partitions, you'd need to move and/or resize all three of your primary partitions.

This can be worked around in various ways. Here's what I recommend:

Back up all your important data. (You should have such a backup already.)
Using a Windows partitioning tool, Shrink /dev/sdb4 so that there's free space at the end of the partition sufficient to install Linux.
Download my FixParts program. You can use the Windows version or use a Linux emergency disc that contains it. IIRC, Parted Magic comes with FixParts.
Using FixParts, use the r option to convert /dev/sdb5 into a primary partition.
Use the l option to convert /dev/sdb4 into a logical partition.
Type s to sort the partitions. This will ensure that they're in on-disk order, which will be less confusing than if they're not.
Type p to view the partition table and verify that they're all present. (Note that FixParts doesn't display extended partitions, though, so don't be concerned when you don't see one.)
If all is well, type w to save your changes.
If necessary, reboot into Linux.
Launch GParted and use it to expand the extended partition, which should now be at the end of the disk, covering what was originally /dev/sdb4 (and will now be /dev/sdb5), to cover the free space at the end of the disk.
Install Ubuntu. It should create new logical partition(s) at the end of the disk.


Fixing /etc/shadow with md5 passwords to sha512 passwords

Theoretically it should work like this: Users should be able to login with their MD5 passwords, and whenever they change it they would get an SHA512 password.

Difficult to judge why people cannot login with their MD5 password. Authentication with the SHA512 passwords works? If you temporary change to MD5 and change a password of a test user, can you then login for him? Maybe you can post the /etc/pam.d/common-auth non-comment-lines for having a look. And of course logfiles could have some background-information.

For your wish of requiring people to change their password, you could set the last-change date to 0 in /etc/shadow. E.g. for the user foobar

sudo chage -d 0 foobar


"Client Critical Interface eth0/2 is down or doesn't have any link-local address" while starting a service after the network is up

Your job runs when the interface comes up, but it's not yet configured. This job carries the NetworkManager. And NetworkManager does not emit upstart events. That's the problem.

I think the cleanest way would be a dispatcher script for NetworkManager.

Create a file in /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/ with the following contents:

#!/bin/bash
# NetworkManager sets those parameters
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2

if [ "$INTERFACE" == "eth0" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
  # some tests before starting...
  /usr/sbin/dibbler-client start 2>&1 > /dev/null
elif [ "$INTERFACE" == "eth0" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "down" ]; then
  # maybe stop the client...
fi


How do I get a Broadcom BCM4312 working on a Dell XPS M1330?

Okay, once I found out the wireless card name I was able to find the answer.  I needed to do sudo apt-get update and after that the drivers appeared under "additional drivers".
Thanks!


Change player in sound indicator in Unity

When you install (and sometimes start) a supported player it should appear there automatically. Mine has right now Rythmbox and Nuvuola.

When I was using Skype it appeared there only after I started it (usually from the dash or the dock).

You can remove an entry from the menu by un-installing the program.


Is there a way of organize file in Trash by delete-date?

Yes, just go to the Trash folder and click on the heading of the column Trashed On.

To see the Trashed On heading, the view must be set to List View.


Disable Windows Fast Startup from within Ubuntu?

SOLVED

It seems the issue wasn't too hard to solve, but in case someone else stumbles across this I'll leave it here.

In my BIOS settings I disabled 'Secure Boot'.

More details here: https://askubuntu.com/a/676106/588173