Which port does Ubuntu Software Center use?

Here's what I found out by running Wireshark while installing a single application using the Ubuntu Software Centre:

DNS requests (outgoing to UDP port 53 to your configured DNS server, for...) and HTTP (outgoing to TCP port 80 to...)

reviews.ubuntu.com
myapps.developer.ubuntu.com
software-center.ubuntu.com

Everything about your local APT configuration (repositories configured). This is usually either HTTP or FTP and requires DNS as well of course. See your "Software Sources" to see what Ubuntu archives mirror you're using. If you can run sudo apt-get update without errors, you're all set.

Note: I did not find any HTTPS traffic. However, this may be the case for private PPAs (used for commercial software).


TL;DR

You wrote 192.268 instead of 192.168.

Therefore the server will never be found.

(At least, not unless the rest of your network also uses 192.268)

a brief summary on network masks

Usually you use 255.255.255.0. This basically tells your network to take the first three "chunks" of your IP address to identify the network, and that the last chunk has 256 possible values (including 0).

If you used 255.255.255.252, you'd have four usable IP addresses.

And, if you used 255.255.255.255, you'd have one. This is really only useful on loopback addresses. Here's a forum post explaining why.

And here's a description of the subnet mask from Microsoft:

  A subnet mask is used to divide an IP address into two parts. One part identifies the host (computer), the other part identifies the network to which it belongs. (from https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/164015/understanding-tcp-ip-addressing-and-subnetting-basics)


Search Bar in the Ubuntu Software App is hidden!

The search bar is hidden indeed. However, the search field immediately will appear as soon as you start typing a seach, allowing for an immediate search as soon as you have launched the software center.


Is there a way to launch gedit in fullscreen mode?

You can use Compiz, in particular you have to activate "Window Rules" plugin and in "Full Screen" field you write class=Gedit. Hope it helps.


libgpg-error.so.0: no version information available

The problem is, you have an additional library in /usr/local/lib/:

/usr/local/lib/libgpg-error.so.0

Clarify why you have installed this library. Then you have two options:

Remove the library (backup)

and your system takes the version in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/

sudo mv /usr/local/lib/libgpg-error.so.0 /usr/local/lib/libgpg-error.so.0.bak

Remove the library and create a symbolic link

if you need the library in /usr/local/lib/

sudo mv /usr/local/lib/libgpg-error.so.0 /usr/local/lib/libgpg-error.so.0.bak
sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpg-error.so.0 /usr/local/lib/


Can resolve hostname via dns using `host` but can't ping/ssh/ntp

This was on Ubuntu server 12.04 LTS and Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Thanks all for the help. Turns out to be a result of a difference in the way host and the glibc resolver read /etc/resolv.conf.

I was managing resolv.conf with a puppet module that edited the appropriate files in /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/.

Said puppet module resulted in an /etc/resolv.conf that looked like this:

 nameserver 10.10.10.100
 nameserver 192.168.3.100
 nameserver 10.10.10.1

 search example.com

with a space at the beginning of each line. After removing these spaces, I was able to resolve with both ping and manual lookups (host/nslookup/etc...)

I could've sworn that I've had those spaces on other OSes with no issues, but I just tried on a SL6.3 box and it caused the same behavior.

Thanks for your help and sorry for the trouble!


Firefox 13's search language Changes to Local

After updating to version 13 , i got the same problem.
If you got Google in hindi as local Lang try this

Then after clicking that option ,select this menu

Which will take you to language selection Scrolling window , save your preferred Language from the bottom First click-able button.

P.S : Since most of the languages will have same Graphical Selection , so i posted in Screenshot Format.


Where is the sample audio Swansong, Josh Woodward on Ubuntu

The file can be found with a find search as follows:

andrew@ithaca:~$ find /usr -iname *swansong*
/usr/share/example-content/Ubuntu_Free_Culture_Showcase/Josh Woodward - Swansong.ogg

This file is part of the Ubuntu Free Culture Showcase initiative, a very worthwhile initiative and competition. The song is "Swansong" from the 2009 album Breadcrumbs, composed and sung by Josh Woodward, and it was the winner of the Ubuntu Free Culture Showcase 10.10.

If you don't have the file at all it can be installed as follows:

sudo apt-get install example-content

The file list (from Wily) of this package can be seen here.

References:

File:Josh Woodward - Swansong.ogg
Ubuntu 10.10’s Free Culture showcase selections


You have to add custom keybindings to your xmonad config file. The keycodes are XF86MonBrightnessUp and XF86MonBrightnessDown. Then you have to use something like lux.

Here is how i use it:

  import XMonad
  import XMonad.Hooks.DynamicLog
  import XMonad.Hooks.ManageDocks
  import XMonad.Util.EZConfig(additionalKeys, additionalKeysP)
  import XMonad.Util.Run(spawnPipe)
  import XMonad.Config.Desktop
  import XMonad.Config.Gnome
  import XMonad.Hooks.ManageHelpers
  import System.IO
  import Graphics.X11.ExtraTypes.XF86

  main = do
    xmproc <- spawnPipe "tint2"
    nm <- spawnPipe "nm-applet"
    xmonad $ desktopConfig
      { modMask = myModMask
      , terminal = "termite"
      , borderWidth = 1
      , layoutHook = avoidStruts $ layoutHook defaultConfig
      , manageHook = manageHook defaultConfig <+> manageDocks
      } `additionalKeysP` myKeys

  myModMask = mod4Mask -- Use Super instead of Alt

  myKeys =  [ ("<XF86AudioRaiseVolume>", spawn "pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +1.5%")
            , ("<XF86AudioLowerVolume>", spawn "pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@  -1.5%")
            , ("<XF86AudioMute>", spawn "pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle")

            , ("<XF86AudioPlay>", spawn "playerctl play-pause")
            , ("<XF86AudioPrev>", spawn "playerctl previous")
            , ("<XF86AudioNext>", spawn "playerctl next")

            , ("<XF86MonBrightnessUp>", spawn "lux -a 5%")
            , ("<XF86MonBrightnessDown>", spawn "lux -s 5%")
            ]

I hope this helps you.


Weird launcher bar/chrome bug, hard to describe

I just solved this problem with my Chrome.

Go to ~/.local/share/applications/ there will probably be a file named google-chrome-stable.desktop. If there's not try grep -i 'one world from your bookmark name' and it should return the file containing this false launcher.

Inside this file should be a line with something like Name=Your bookmark. If so, you are safe to delete it (just in case check if you have /usr/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop on your system, otherwise you won't get any icon)


Dpkg error whe I try to upgrade nessus on ubuntu server 12.04

First, try to check the checksums and make sure you got a complete correct download.

Second, try to run the command with --force-architecture argument:

sudo dpkg --force-architecture -i Nessus-5.0.1-ubuntu1110_amd64.deb

This should work.


samba on Ubuntu (at least 10.04 onwards) supports Upstart for managing the smbd and related services. The init.d scripts are still present, but they check if Upstart is the init, and refrain from interfering with it if it is. Therefore the following init.d scripts are only useful for the status:

/etc/init.d/nmbd  # superseded by /etc/init/nmbd.conf
/etc/init.d/smbd  # superseded by /etc/init/smbd.conf
/etc/init.d/samba # if present

The samba script is a comparatively new entry, and has no Upstart equivalent.


From the Postfix Database README:

  btree
  A sorted, balanced tree structure. This is available only on systems
  with support for Berkeley DB databases. Database files are created
  with the postmap(1) or postalias(1) command. The lookup table name
  as used in "btree:table" is the database file name without the
  ".db" suffix.
  ...
  hash
  An indexed file type based on hashing. This is available only on
  systems with support for Berkeley DB databases. Public database files
  are created with the postmap(1) or postalias(1) command, and
  private databases are maintained by Postfix daemons. The database name
  as used in "hash:table" is the database file name without the
  ".db" suffix.

So these are Berkeley DB databases, using either Btrees or hashes.


Is there any conflicts between running rkhunter and chkrootkit on one system?

The correct way to do this is first scheduling to run chkrootkit and then schedule to run rkhunter 5 minutes after, so that they dont run at the same time, otherwise rkhunter will report false positives when checking open ports (if you have set rkhunter to run skdet and unhide it takes longer to scan)


Permission denied while doplying Tomcat 8 webapp on Amaon EC2

/opt/tomcat is declared to be the home directory of the tomcat user, but belongs to the root user (with the tomcat user not having write permissions).

Scrubbing the tutorial, especially the permissions section, I have mixed feelings towards the quality of the tutorial. It speaks about "giv[ing] the tomcat user write access to the conf directory" while changing the folder's permissions. Not having write permissions for the web application server's user to the software ran seems reasonable for production use (an attacker exploiting the tomcat process will not be able to modify software), this will also prevent you from deploying applications from withing the tomcat web application manager.

I'd go for setting up tomcat as the webapps group:

chgrp -R tomcat /opt/tomcat/webapps

and when you need to deploy new applications, add write permissions for that group:

chmod -R g+w /opt/tomcat/webapps

which you remove again after deployment:

chmod -R g-w /opt/tomcat/webapps

(you will need to run those commands with super user privileges, so prefix sudo as needed). This would also fit the Tomcat Security Considerations HowTo.


If you have terminal window "A" open and terminal window "B" open.
You can select window "A", then open another tab in that window with Ctrl + Shift + T.
After that you can click and drag Tab "A" to "B" leaving a window with the last created tab alone and a new window with your two old windows "A" and "B" as tabs.

After this you can right click on the tabs to give them labels.
I can do this with the gnome-terminal, a.k.a. the standard terminal.

Then you can change the default switch to next tab to a more practical key.


Open a background image in Pinta.
Open Files file browser, go to the location of the image file that you opened in Pinta, select Properties and find the width and height of the image.
Select File -> New to open a new image the same width and height as the first image that you opened in Pinta. Click the transparent radio button to make this image transparent.
Click the Text tool (capital ) in the toolbox pane and type some text on the transparent image.
Select Layer Rotate/Zoom Layer… and rotate the transparent layer.

Copy the transparent layer, click the background layer to select it, and paste the transparent layer over the background layer. Because the layer is transparent you will see only the text that you typed when you paste the transparent layer over the background layer.
Select the Move Selected Pixels tool (marked by a red arrow in the below screenshot) in the toolbox pane and move the transparent layer over the background layer to its desired position.

Select File -> Save As… to save the edited background image.


There's two links that you should take a look at.  The first addresses your update process:

appstreamcli hanging with 100% CPU usage during update

The second addresses changing the root permissions:

What if I accidentally run command "chmod -R" on system directories (/, /etc, ...)


deleted xfce accidently, is there a way to recover it without internet connection?

One thing you can do is to (use another computer to) download all the packages for xubuntu  that you've uninstalled, from Ubuntu server into a flash drive and boot Ubuntu in the recovery mode (When you see the boot menu, choose the item right below the default item). Then you can install the packages from command line.

If you have a cd drive, you can also try apt-cdrom.

It's a good idea to have a small partition on your hard drive and install (another copy of) ubuntu to it for the rough days, so in a situation like this you can boot from that partition and repair the main installation/partition.


Rebooting computer using cronjob doesn't work

Try shutdown instead of reboot and see if it helps.  Shutdown drops into single user mode to perform the run level change.

# m h  dom mon dow   command
10 00 * * *      /sbin/shutdown -r now

Also, make sure you are editing root's crontab:

sudo -i
crontab -e


Gimp which is available in most Linux distributions can do that easily.

sudo aptitude install gimp

Then open a PDF in it, select an area, Tools > Transform tools > Scale. When you're done, export as a PDF.

UPDATE: If you care about importing PDFs ehile preserving their vector structure, you can use Inkscape.


The simplest say to do this via Apache would be to enable mod_rewrite, then redirect the traffic with a 301 response.
In the Apache config file for the site, add this:
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
  RewriteEngine On
  RewriteBase /
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example\.com$
  RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
</IfModule>

If mod_rewrite is not enabled, you can do so like this:
sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo service apache2 restart

This should give you what you need


Installed Mint on external SSD, now Ubunty won't boot without SSD plugged in

Once booted into Ubuntu, unplug your external hard drive and run sudo update-grub and sudo grub-install /dev/nvme0n1

You can manually edit your /boot/grub/grub.cfg but this file will get overwritten when you run update-grub.

All the best!


The reason is simple. There is no command/function called --status-all:

$ service | --status-all
Usage: service < option > | --status-all | [ service_name [ command | --full-restart ] ]
--status-all: command not found

In the usage the bar | means OR. So, what the usage is telling you is using either:

service <option>: option here is start, stop, etc.
service --status-all: which give you a list of the status of all the services that supports status.
service service_name command: the service name is obviously the name of any service in the init and command is start, stop, restart, etc.
service service_name --full-restart: calls the stop command, then call the start command.


Software Updater returning “Package operation failed”

Open terminal and issue these commands:
sudo rm -Rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
sudo apt clean

This will:

Delete the cached repository data (this is a safe operation)
Reset apt so that it knows to rebuild its cache

Now you can run the updater again or, alternatively, run sudo apt update from the terminal.


How to get a version of LibreOffice without Unity integration?

Just uninstall libreoffice-gtk until https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/indicator-appmenu/+bug/1075263 (which is a unity bug and not a libreoffice one btw) is fixed. LibreOffice will be ugly, but the menus will work in the classic way.


You should put config files in /etc/ rather than in /usr/bin.

Do you have more than one network interfaces? check them and their ip/mac with command

ip link show


Terminal window terminates after double click or any text selection

When you are using a terminal you should use Shift+CTRL+C to Copy the selected text from the terminal and Shift+CTRL+V to paste some text to the terminal.

As CTRL + C and CTRL+Zin terminal are used to stop any running processes.

Hope it helps you.. Reply for further assistance.


EDIT: Most would say my answer is overkill, which it is, but if you are unfamiliar with Ubuntu permissions, I'd rather you use overkill than turn you computer into a worthless brick.

Your alternative is probably a good idea, if you are worried about the content you are downloading. Open your terminal (CTRL + ALT + T), and do:

  sudo adduser NEWUSERNAME

  su NEWUSERNAME

  mkdir -p ~/Downloads

  cd ~/Downloads

  sudo chown -R NEWUSERNAME:NEWUSERNAME ~/Downloads

  sudo chmod -R ~/Downloads 600

What that will do is create a new user, add a Downloads folder under that new users home. We make sure the owner and group is only the new user, and that there are only READ & WRITE permissions by the new user in that folder.

Ubuntu, and all Linux systems are much safer when it comes to the traditional Windows threats, clicking links, and running programs. Windows uses exe files, which can be downloaded and launched as soon as you click a link.

You should definitely set your browser preferences to "ask every time", where to download files. That way you will see the type of file being downloaded when Ubuntu asks you where to download the file. exe files, any scripts -> (*.sh), or other odd or suspicious files... "JUST SAY NO!" ...Just hit cancel.

Also, if you have a file with no file extension, or any file, you can check it out by doing:

  cat filename

...and look for any suspicious scripts within its content.

Lastly, after downloading a file, it may have different permissions from where it was downloaded, so you can run this again, just to be safe:

  sudo chmod -R ~/Downloads 600

You can check the Owner, Group, and permissions for Owner, Group, and Others within a directory or for a file using:

  ls -al

  ls -al FILENAME

  ls -al DIRECTORYNAME

This explains permissions with both letters and numbers: http://www.draac.com/chmodchart.html

I hope that helps.


As far as I know, the Chrome App Launcher is not available for Linux.

For an alternative, you can simply use the Unity Dash which is also capable of launching Chrome apps directly.

reference

it is now available: http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.nl/2014/07/stable-channel-update.html


Yes, the MaaS server itself, does not need to be PXE Boot enabled, that would be the nodes that are connected to the private network that would be in PXE Boot.


How to apt-get remove without autoremove on Ubuntu 16.10?

ubuntu-desktop is a very small tiny package; it contains only two files, /usr/share/doc/ubuntu-desktop/changelog.gz and /usr/share/doc/ubuntu-desktop/copyright. What is has are dependencies; it depends on a whole lot of packages, which together constitute the Ubuntu desktop. If you remove ubuntu-desktop, those many packages will become "no longer required", which is to say, as far as the package manager is concerned, they will no longer have a reason to be present. Which they actually won't: they are there in order to satisfy the dependencies of ubuntu-desktop.

To mark one or more packages as manually installed you can use apt-mark. To answer your specific question, you can always take the list of packages which apt-get tells you that after removing ubuntu-desktop will become no longer required, and feed it to apt-mark to mark them as manually installed.


How to make ubuntu server auto shutdown after few hours

Add a root cronjob:
sudo crontab -e

Add:
# For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8)
#
# m h  dom mon dow   command
59 23 * * * /sbin/shutdown -h now


tried to run /opt/COMODO/post_setup.sh and it says "Please run this
script with adminstrative priviledges even though I am logged in as an
adminstrator.

Please note that, even you logged in with your admin user as you say this means nothing in Linux, even you have admin privileges, you in really not using those privileges and in really system treats you as a normal user UNLESS you use sudo or su to root.
There are two ways to run administrative applications in Linux. You can either switch to the super user (root) with the su command, or you can take advantage of sudo.
Read this introduction to SUDO.
Back to your question

Please run this script with adminstrative priviledges

Then you need to call your script using sudo:
 sudo ./opt/COMODO/post_setup.sh

File System Filter Driver Not Loaded.

Refer to this post in the Comodo forum
guys there are talking about some patch or some other fixes which may be not valid!!!

I advise you to try some other antivirus tools, you can check available from https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Antivirus.
Personally I like ClamAV. Here full nice tutorial How do I scan for viruses with ClamAV?


No sound after installing a new Graphics Card

Have you tried changing Hardware used in "Sound Preferences".

You can go to System > Preferences > Sound, select the Hardware tab, and choose a differen device from the list named Choose a device to configure.

You might have alread tried this though.


Problem with Terminal while creating a bootable USB stick on OS X

It always helps if you specify the site, which describes the steps you are following ;)
In case you are following these instructions - the command is not just sudo, but

  sudo dd if=/path/to/downloaded.img of=/dev/rdiskN bs=1m

where you need to replace the path accordingly. You can try this one, which seems much better formatted:

How to install Ubuntu on MacBook using USB Stick


You have installed a JRE (Java Runtime Environment) and you need a JDK (Java Development Kit). /bin/javac and /bin/jar are included in the JDK package.

Therefore in your case:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk


gnome music player showing double tracks

there might be a file with an extension .m3u in the folder, "playlist.m3u" or something of that sort.  In the past I've seen duplicate tracks in my playlist and after deleting the .m3u file the duplicates vanished


SSH "Too many authentication failures" when trying to connect from Ubuntu to Raspberry Pi

After enabling the -v verbose option I found that my SSH client is trying out all available ssh keys stored locally to try and connect to the raspberry pi and then gives up.

Since I want an interactive login (be able to enter the pi/raspberry password manually) when trying to SSH to my raspberry pi, I had to add the following entry to ~/.ssh/ssh_config

Host 192.168.1.10
           PreferredAuthentications=password

Note:
1) IP address mentioned above is that of my Raspberry Pi.
2) If you are using an SSH key to login (which you should ideally), you wont need this.


If you have any trouble like that again I would try sudo apt-get update , and then sudo apt-get -f install it should fix most dependencies problems.


dist-upgrade: EFI directory not found error processing package grub-efi-amd64-signed

I got some very good help on other forums and used the BootInfo tools to get more information about the grub and boot

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Info

From the BootInfo report it turned out that /boot/efi was commented out in the file /sda6/etc/fstab:

# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda2 during installation
# UUID=EE10-4B61 /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1

The problem was solved by commenting out the UUID ... /boot/efi row in fstab.

Fore more info please see https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2384690


In order to place units on machines, you need to use the placement directive --to.

You can't use this when specifying number of units however.

So you'd have to go:

juju deploy --config ./ceph.yaml ceph --to 0
juju add-unit ceph --to 1
juju add-unit ceph --to 2

This is assuming that you already having machines 0, 1 and 2 in existence.


The password for encrypted file system is not updated when I change the user password

This line of action worked well in one computer of mine with Ubuntu 14.04. I name first password the previous one where all worked seamlessly, and second password the current one that gives you hassles with encryption.
Note that Linux uses the word password whereas ecryptfs uses the word passphrase -- one difference is that a passphrase accepts spaces. Nowadays the difference between the two is blurred, since modern passwords accept spaces too, while the old naming persists. It's useful though to keep in check what you are talking with.
An important difference within ecryptfs is that between the login passphrase and the mount passphrase. Here we are interested in the login passphrase.
The starting point of this post is that first login passphrase = first login password. To view the mount passphrase after curiosity, launch ecryptfs-unwrap-passphrase -- you'll be asked the login passphrase to move on (and keep that mount passphrase safe elsewhere for good measure, if you haven't done so yet).
Mount the encrypted home

go to terminal with CTRL+ALT+F1
login with the user whose encrypted home is not accessible (with second login password)
launch ecyptfs-mount-private, note without sudo (else I get a fopen error)
type in the first encryption passphrase (the first login password, because they were the same)
check that the home directory has been unencrypted (with a ls-type command). If not, there is some other problem at play.

Reverse the change of login password

make the login password the same as the first encryption passphrase with a plain passwd command. Crucially, no sudo again. At this point the login password becomes the first one again, and the login password and login passphrase are the same again.

Give the second value to the login password

use again a plain passwd command to set the second login password. Crucially, no sudo again. At this point, ecryptfs will have updated the passphrase with the value given to passwd. This does not work if you use sudo passwd. Step 6 was necessary because successive passwords must be different.

Expected outcome
At next reboot the desktop environment should allow you to log in seamlessly by chaining the decryption into the accreditation process, since password and passphrase are the same (having the second value).
Next time you want to change password and passphrase, log in as the user owning the encrypted home and use passwd, rather than sudo passwd -- source: http://bodhizazen.com/Tutorials/Ecryptfs/
Another attempt to resorting to ecryptfs-rewrap-passphrase resulted in the deletion of encryption (data are preserved though), so I discourage that (issue https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/329661, please be aware and help out if possible)


How to combine an SSD boot drive with a HDD data drive?

64GB is more than enough for a root filesystem, a default installation will probably occupy about 3GB. When installing Ubuntu, choose for a custom partitioning scheme:

Put a partition on your SSD with mount point /
On your 1 TB data disk, create a partition with /home

Variations are possible. You can store all your settings and documents on the SSD and store large files like music and video on the 1TB disk:

Install Ubuntu to /
Create some partitions on your 1 TB disk, and mount those on /media/DESIRED-PARTITION-NAME.

Some folders in your home folder may become too large for the SSD, like ~/.wine. In that case, create a partition (or folder) on your 1 TB disk named "DATA" (with /media/DATA as mount point). Then, move the ~/.wine folder to the data partition:

mv ~/.wine /media/DATA/wine

If you've just installed the system and the folder did not exist yet, just create the empty folder:

mkdir /media/DATA/wine

Next, create a symbolic link from your home directory to the wine folder on the big disk:

ln -s /media/DATA/wine ~/.wine

The latter can also be performed after installation of Ubuntu to the SSD. Use GParted to create partitions on the 1 TB disk.

Related SSD questions:

Is a 40GB SSD practical to use for ' / '
What is the recommended way to empty a SSD?


Why this hotkey combination: "Super+V" didn't work?

Because by default in Unity Super+V opens the Dash Video Lens:

And until now there is no way to change this behavior using the default system Keyboard Settings, or applicationss like CompizConfig Settings Manager, dconf Editor, a.o.

So, you probably have to choose another key combination.


What are the contents of an Ubuntu bootable USB?

The list file in Ubuntu iso archive lists all files included in an iso

http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/ubuntu-16.04-desktop-i386.list

And the manifest file lists all files included in the live image
i.e. filesystem.squashfs file.

http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/ubuntu-16.04-desktop-i386.manifest

The Ubuntu bootable USB is essentially these files when created by usb-creator of Ubuntu.


Change the "device name" in the details window of System settings

Execute the following command using a terminal:

sudo sed -i 's/present-host-name/new-host-name/' /etc/hosts
sudo sed -i 's/present-host-name/new-host-name/' /etc/hostname

You can check your present-host-name by cat /etc/hostname or hostname.

Then reboot the computer, to see the changes.


To check that your hardware supports Unity type in a terminal;

/usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p

If you get a NO response then you will need to install Unity 2D:

How do I install and switch to the Unity 2D desktop?


How to make a bootable mac usb IN ubuntu

You will of course need a OS X Installer Image. To get this you can follow the instructions here

After you have got your installer media, you can use ubunut's built-in utility Startup Disk Creator to make a bootable USB. SO, open dash and search for  Startup Disk Creator and open it. Follow the on-screen instructions or refer to this document from ubuntu.


Config bridge network in order to using KVM

the reason for your issue around

RTNETLINK answers: File exists
Failed to start Raise network interfaces.

is due to the same network configuration the bridge should get still being active on the device.

Your reboot managed the same, but you could also have got it solved by bringing the interface you deconfigured down via ifconfig down

Note: to be aware systemd-networkd (and due to that netplan) in 18.04 and later behave different - they would make all of the network match their config and in this case bring down the no more configured interface.


Webcam issues on Lenovo Ideapad Y510 (Ubuntu 14.04)

First install the Webcam drivers and needed packages:

sudo apt-get install cheese build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r` libsbigudrv2 libsbigudrv0

Then for use those videos for other applications, install v4l2:

sudo apt-get install v4l2ucp v4l2loopback-dkms v4l2loopback-source v4l2loopback-utils gem-plugin-v4l2 libpt-1.10.10-plugins-v4l2 libpt-1.11.2-plugins-v4l2 qv4l2 v4l2loopback-dkms v4l2loopback-source v4l2loopback-utils v4l2ucp dvswitch dov4l dv4l gambas2-gb-v4l gambas3-gb-v4l gem-plugin-dv4l gem-plugin-v4l2 libpt-1.10.10-plugins-v4l libpt-1.10.10-plugins-v4l2 libpt-1.11.2-plugins-v4l libpt-1.11.2-plugins-v4l2 libv4l-ruby1.8 libv4lconvert0 libvideo-capture-v4l-perl qv4l2 v4l-conf v4l-utils


Application Menu>System>System Settings>Keyboard & Mouse>Global Keyboard Shortcuts

Source:
https://www.maketecheasier.com/configure-custom-shortcuts-in-kde/

My bad. They actually have removed this capability from KDE.

Please take a look at the following bookmark "kbd-modifying" in the KDE docs:

https://docs.kde.org/stable5/en/applications/fundamentals/kbd.html#kbd-modifying


Where is the storage location of Ubuntu terminal in Windows 10?

Your Linux file system is stored in a hidden folder which you’ll find stored in a hidden folder. To access it, open File Explorer and plug the following address into the address bar:

%userprofile%\AppData\Local\Packages

In this folder, double-click the folder for Ubuntu. The folder name will be beginning with

CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu...

In other words, the files are stored at:

C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Packages\DISTRO_FOLDER\LocalState\rootfs

Note

Don’t Modify Linux Files With Windows Tools
Quoting from Microsoft

  Creating/changing Linux files in your Appdata folder from Windows will likely result in data corruption and/or damage your Linux environment requiring you to uninstall & reinstall your distro!


Can't get sound to work on new 14.04 install

Your main soundcard is the 2nd one (the first is HDMI soundcard, attached to HDMI screen plug) .

So , in Alsamixer, press F6 , select 2nd soundcard : you will see more faders .Then  set volumes and unmute   faders (using arrow keys and "m" key to unmute. )

You can also install and run pavucontrol (Pulseaudio volume control) to access the 2nd sound card in the "output device" tab (click green button near it to make it default)


This helped me; not a fix for use across programs (I might dive into that at a later time) but worked for the main program I use the media keys with: Clementine.
I got this off another forum http://crunchbang.org/forums/viewtopic.php?id=30483
Be sure to make a backup beforehand, and once you have edited and saved the file, run openbox --reconfigure so openbox will read the new file. Thank you "Member"!

Okay,
guys from IRC helped me with this problem, so I'll post solution:

I edited rc.xml from Openbox. I read clementine's manual to see how can I control it from CLI.
After reading it, I came up with these lines:

<!-- Keybindings for Media Keys -->
<keybind key="XF86AudioMute">
  <action name="Execute">
    <command>amixer set Master toggle</command>
  </action>
</keybind>
<keybind key="XF86AudioLowerVolume">
  <action name="Execute">
    <command>clementine --volume-down</command>
  </action>
</keybind>
<keybind key="XF86AudioRaiseVolume">
  <action name="Execute">
    <command>clementine --volume-up</command>
  </action>
</keybind>

 <keybind key="XF86AudioPlay">
    <action name="Execute">
        <command>clementine -t</command>
    </action>
</keybind>
<keybind key="XF86AudioPrev">
  <action name="Execute">
    <command>clementine --previous</command>
  </action>
</keybind>
<keybind key="XF86AudioNext">
  <action name="Execute">
    <command>clementine --next</command>
  </action>
</keybind>

And it works smile Hope it will help someone


How can I erase the RAM which is occupied by Ubuntu in VirtualBox?

If you create a virtual machine in VirtualBox, you specify the maximum amount of RAM it can utilize. The RAM provided to the virtual machine is only occupied when the virtual machine is running. As soon as you stop it, the RAM is released.

If you find the RAM dedicated to a virtual machine is not optimal (either too low for the virtual machine or too little remains for the host OS), you can modify the settings when the virtual machine is not running.

If you want to delete the virtual machine, you can remove it using the VirtualBox Manager.


Why won't my Ubuntu GNOME accept my google password?

It's a known bug: #1353951.
It will be fixed with the last version of evolution-data-server (still in 'proposed').


You might need to be root to kill the process.
In that case add sudo in front of the command:

sudo kill -9 50


17.04 Can't uninstall corrupted Libreoffice installed from deb

Oh my gosh. Please disregard. There was a dependency because I only depackaged one aspect of the entire file.

I misread online directions when they gave commands for "*.deb" files, reading as picking-and-choosing which deb to dpkg. I went back, dpkg 'ed them all with *.deb, and all is well.

As I said, I'm stupid....but learning.... ;-D


You can also try the following:

  rm /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-extra-3.13.0-39-generic.list

Then update your system.


Why have column borders gone missing in Rhythmbox gui?

It seems this is a problem with the current version of Rhythmbox Tray Icon (Mendhak version). Disabling this plugin and restarting Rhythmbox made the theme display correctly again. Switched to Rhythmtray instead. No problems with the theme with this plugin.


Installing Xubuntu. Should I use repositories or install directly from the xubuntu disc image?

You're better off with instaling Xubuntu. Althoug they share the same base (Ubuntu), Xubuntu is more clean and you'll get only the packages you need.

For example:

1 - Installing Ubuntu and then installing XFCE (Xubuntu), you'll end up with a lot of packages and customizations that you don't want or need.

2 - Installing Xubuntu will get you a clean, strimmed version of Xubuntu, wich is what you need.

3 - There's a team dedicated to Xubuntu that's dedicated to this customized distro, and therefore you will have a space more dedicated for the DE you want.

If later you decide do install something else (Gnome, Unity, etc) you still can do it, because Xubuntu is Ubuntu.


mail with body/message from remote file over ssh + attachment

try replacing

... < ssh user@123.456.789.0:/tmp/filename.txt

by

... <<< `ssh user@123.456.789.0 cat /tmp/filename.txt`

ssh can only execute a remote command, /tmp/filename.txt is not a command, thus the error.

Alternatively, can you use pipe

ssh user@123.456.789.0 cat /tmp/filename.txt | mail ...


Is there any way to give a tag or nickname to a process so it can be killed invoking kill ?

You could automate your current method with pidof:

kill -HUP `pidof node`

In bash, using backticks (``) runs the command inside the backticks first, and puts the output of that command into the command on the outside (the kill -HUP). Handy one to know.


This problem has arised for me after using Cisco AnyConnect VPN Client. For some reason the file contained information of the network I was VPN'ing into. I simply removed the file and everything worked for me.


The correct command to uninstall unity8-lxc is:

sudo apt-get autoremove unity8-lxc


Mapping Ctrl-X to Ctrl-A without Xserver on Ubuntu 12.04

I have the answer from the man himself, what a helpful guy! He has this alias in his bash.rc:

alias s="screen -DRe^Xx work"


I am trying to install Epson V200 scanner drivers onto Ubuntu 14.10

I believe you have to install 3 separate drivers in a particular order.  Here is an example for 32 bit machine:

1. iscan-data_1.34.0-1_all.deb`

2.iscan_2.30.1-1~usb0.1.ltdl7_i386.deb

3.iscan-plugin-gt-f670_2.1.2-1_i386.deb

In short,  1st is "data", 2nd is "ltdl7" and 3rd is plug in. Make sure you download deb files (not the md5 or others)


This worked for me!  I've just reset a broken Unity desktop where my user's theme had turned ugly and the dash and top left tray and system menu had stopped appearing.  None of the apps seemed to be broken, it was only the very desktop environment I wanted to reset.  I did this by moving these two directories out of the way: ~/.config/compiz and ~/.config/dconf.  Before I reached to this conclusion, I had run "unity --reset" and "unity --reset-icons", but as far as I could tell, they didn't influence my setup one bit.

Instructions:

Log out of X.  I can't do this, since my logout menu didn't appears.
Find a virtual terminal (press Ctrl+Alt+F1) and login.
Kill X if you can't logout:

sudo killall Xorg

X will die, restart, and switch virtual terminal.  Switch back with Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Then run:

mv -v ~/.config/compiz-1 ~/.config/compiz-1.BROKEN
mv -v ~/.config/dconf ~/.config/dconf.BROKEN

Then go back to X (Ctrl+Alt+F7) and login.

You should now have been set back to a working Unity desktop environment, but without resetting any of your application settings.  Also, you can restore the directories, if you wish, since they where just renamed and not deleted.


partitions aren't shown during installation of ubuntu

See the following Web site for details:

http://www.rodsbooks.com/missing-parts/index.html

Basically, when you installed Windows, its partitioner only partially erased the GPT data structures, leaving a disk that's technically MBR, but with enough GPT data left over that it's confusing libparted, upon which the Ubuntu installer depends. You must delete the leftover GPT data structures in order to use the disk.


You have succeeded in creating a swap file.  You didn't finish the tutorial and activate the swap file though.  Finish following the tutorial by running swapon and editing /etc/fstab.


Using unattended-upgrades or cron for automatically updating packages from different sources?

In case you can't find the Release file in /var/lib/apt/lists even after sudo apt-get upgrade, you can take a look at the file at the repository itself. In this case, they are:

http://ppa.launchpad.net/team-xbmc/ppa/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Release for XBMC
http://repo.steampowered.com/steam/dists/precise/Release for Steam and
Unfortunately, the Flirc repository doesn't do directory listing, so I can't locate it without more information.

The Origin values are present for both XBMC and Steam (LP-PPA-team-xbmc and Valve Software LLC respectively). The Suite in this case would be which ever folder under the dists section of the repository you are using (http://repo.steampowered.com/steam/dists or http://ppa.launchpad.net/team-xbmc/ppa/ubuntu/dists) - should be precise for for Steam and and trusty for XBMC PPA.


How can I fix "The creation of swap space in partition #6 of SCSI2 (0,0,0) (sda) failed" while installing Ubuntu?

Okay! Don't make a Logical Partition. Why? It may install fine, but when you decide to upgrade to a later version of Ubuntu, it "may" (or may not) alter your partition table and you "may" (or may not) end up losing data. (I've experienced it.).

The solution? Use the entire free space for Ubuntu, and create a swapfile later. Check this for the process: Use swapfile instead of partition and hibernate

Please create swap 1.5 times your RAM if <2 GB, 4GB if =3GB and 100-200MB more than RAM if >3GB. Don't "waste" 10GB HDD space.

P.S. Why is your /dev/sda1 'unknown'? If it's a Windows partition, it should've been of the 'type' ntfs. Boot into Windows or the Live DVD and see if the partition is usable. Delete it if not so.


The following worked for me trying to get my Acer AL2223W to work with kubuntu 12.04 LTS dual monitor

In trying to execute:

xrandr --newmode "1680x1050_60.00"  146.25  1680 1784 1960 2240  1050 1053 1059 1089 -hsync +vsync

I got the following error:

X Error of failed request:  BadName (named color or font does not exist)
Major opcode of failed request:  150 (RANDR)
Minor opcode of failed request:  16 (RRCreateMode)
Serial number of failed request:  39
Current serial number in output stream:  39

So, I tried it after removing "_60.00" and received no error:

xrandr --newmode "1680x1050"  146.25  1680 1784 1960 2240  1050 1053 1059 1089 -hsync +vsync

Then adding with no error:

xrandr --addmode VGA1 1680x1050

And then was able to set my VGA1 output to 1680x1050 with no problem.

I hope this helps someone.


MAAS post installation problem. Internal server problem

Hi I had this problem too. In my setup it's the avahi-daemon that don't starts at boot. After sudo service avahi-daemon start everything runs fine.


Nginx redirects all domains to same server block

I have found the problem.

I did the symlink wrong from sites-available to sites-enabled and only site1 worked, while the other files were empty.


Update Notification not appearing when an update is available

To get reminder notifications you can customize ccsm's Unity plugin 'Urgent Animation' setting to 'Wiggle', which will periodically bump the icon out from the launcher and wiggle it, grabbing your attention.

Also, whether you do this or not you can look for the update icon on the Unity launcher for information on updates, like in this example where seven updates are available. On my machine, it is only present when there are updates. I believe this is the default configuration.

Last, make sure you have the Update Manager set to:

Check for updates daily
Download automatically
Display other updates immediately


ubuntu up-to-date but still showing updates

Message Of The Day (MOTD) is not refreshed each time you login... what you are seeing is normal though incredibly annoying. If after apt update && apt upgrade you see that everything is good to go, your MOTD is simply out of sync.

You can force a MOTD update with the following command.

sudo /usr/lib/update-notifier/update-motd-updates-available --force


Well, really only every time you update the kernel, so either turn off kernel updates (purge the package linux-generic-pae) or add in your install script to /etc/kernel-img.conf which runs when the kernel updates.  Really though, how much trouble are you going to go to to avoud a "make install".


Since 10.04 the laptop's extended monitor shows a shaky/waving image

Seems to be a KMS issue. See: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/562138

In short, add this to your kernel command (test it by holding left-control on boot, edit the command by pressing whichever key it says, control+x to boot):

radeon.modeset=0 vga=771

If you already have a vga command in there, replace it.

If that works, that confirms you're suffering this bug. It's fixed properly in later kernels (2.6.34 and 2.6.35 should both work) so you're left in a position where you either make do with the kernel run arguments or you upgrade kernel.

The good news is this should be fixed by 10.10... But who knows what bugs it'll introduce!


"Checking for new Ubuntu release... no new release found" when I run "do-release-upgrade"

Problem solved. It turned out that there was a setting in update-manager to not propose any OS version upgrades, and then do-release-upgrade wouldn't find any new versions. After changing the settings, do-release-upgrade found Ubuntu 16.04.


Keyboard shortcut to shutdownPC in lubuntu desktop 12.04

I am answering my own question, Thaks to Rinzwind for useful link.

These are the steps to follow (source):-

Go to ~/.config/openbox/ and open the file lubuntu-rc.xml from any text-editor[such as leafpad].
Find the keyboard area to set hot keys. It's between the markers <keyboard> and </keyboard>.
Add following code after at last [before <mouse>]:

Change C-End with your keybind-key[C for Ctrl, A for Alt]

<keybind key="C-End">
<action name="Execute">
<command>lubuntu-logout</command>
</action>
</keybind>

Save the file.
Log-out and Log-in back.
Now you can use defined key to logout/ shutdown/ restart, etc.


Ethernet connection not working with Ubuntu 20.04

Ok, after spending another hour deciphering all these issues I found a solution. First, I changed etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf:
managed=true

Credits to the answer here.
The *-network DISABLED is due to the ethernet cable not being found, and can be corrected by editing /usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf:
unmanaged-devices=*,except:type:ethernet,except:type:wifi,except:type:wwan

Credits to this.
A bit confused how complicated it was for a layman to fix these issues. I guess it's trivial to track down when we know how all the processes for network connections are handled by Ubuntu, but that was clearly not my case. Hope that helps though.


Can't boot Ubuntu from Grub after installing Slitaz

Slitaz installed grub 1 (legacy) and it looks as if it did not add in the Ubuntu initrd.

At that screen, hit e to edit the ubuntu stanza , and add a line

initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.30.6-generic

After booting ubuntu, reinstall grub

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

It should recognize slitaz as well.


Find out which desktop environment is used via shell?

Run the below command on terminal to view your desktop environment,

echo $XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP

For mine,

$ echo $XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP
Unity


How to create a bash file allowing a folder from CD be transferred to Documents?

If you want to use script for that, then write a script like that:

#!/bin/sh
echo "Transferring myfiles folder from CD to Documents..."
cp /media/(((CD Name)))/myfiles /home/(((username)))/Documents
echo "Transferred Successfully"

All done.


Ubuntu 14.04.3 Update to Vivid HW enablement stack - still getting updates to old kernel

To stop updates of 3.13 kernel on Ubuntu 14.04 you need to remove meta-packages. Run in terminal

sudo apt-get remove linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic

Updates of 3.13 kernel can not do any harm. But there is no real need to keep them upgrading.

For kernels 3.19 you have other meta-packages installed: linux-image-generic-lts-vivid and linux-headers-generic-lts-vivid.


Can HomeBank 4.5.6 be used to supersede 4.5.5 in the Ubuntu repository please?

The latest version for Ubuntu can be installed with:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mdoyen/homebank
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install homebank

The newest version source code can be found on launchpad. Latest stable is 4.5.6 (direct download). The download has an installation script. Relevant part:

The simplest way to compile this package is:

cd to the directory containing the package's source code and type
 ./configure to configure the package for your system.

Running configure might take a while.  While running, it prints
 some messages telling which features it is checking for.
Type make to compile the package.
Optionally, type make check to run any self-tests that come with
 the package.
Type make install to install the programs and any data files and
 documentation.
You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
 source code directory by typing make clean'.  To also remove the
 files thatconfigurecreated (so you can compile the package for
 a different kind of computer), typemake distclean.  There is
 also amake maintainer-clean` target, but that is intended mainly
 for the package's developers.  If you use it, you may have to get
 all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came
 with the distribution.
Often, you can also type make uninstall to remove the installed
 files again.


I want to switch my ubuntu and my windows drives

I ended up deleting windows and switching completely to ubuntu, to swap the drives i just used Gparted to copy and paste every partition related to ubuntu to the new drive.


How to Upgrade Ubuntu 12.04.2, 12.04.3 to 12.04.4, the next Hardware Enablement Stack?

Although normal software updates will bring your system up to 12.04.3, the Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE; the *-lts-raring packages) is not part of those updates (by policy).

You can install the HWE packages manually, but there are some caveats.

To upgrade use this command line only:

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends xserver-xorg-lts-raring

The --install-recommends is important. It makes sure that the xserver will install completely. Without it, xserver will only install partly, and apt will remove most of your system. You do not need to add linux-generic-lts-raring, as it is already recommended by the xserver package, and the Kernel 3.8 will install too.

When you upgrade like this you may notice that there are configurations left over, among others those of the original xserver-xorg. You can purge them (I always do), but beware: this will remove the symlink /etc/X11/X that is used to start the XServer, so on next boot it won't start. To prevent this, after purging left over configurations, do the following before the next boot:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg-lts-raring

This will recreate the necessary symlink and everything is fine again.


How to edit sda1 file from Ubuntu live CD

The file /etc/inittab can only be edited by root.

To edit this file from a "normal" user account with a console based editor like nano use:

sudo nano /etc/inittab


Command to add specific time on a filename?

NOTE: the following does not change either the EXIF data or the actual timestamp of the files - just their names. It may be preferable to change all three consistently (perhaps possible using exiftool?)

It seems to be possible using the perl based prename / rename command, using strptime to read in the formatted time string, then strftime to write it back out after adding an offset - in seconds (implicitly converted to a Time::Piece object).

Based on comments, by "my wife's camera had a time shift of 5:46" you appear to mean 5 hours 46 minutes (rather than, say, 5 minutes 46 seconds), and you require a shift (forward) of 5 x 3600 + 46 x 60 = 20760 seconds. So you could do:

prename -vn -- '
BEGIN{use Time::Piece};
s/\d+_\d+/(20760+Time::Piece->strptime($&, "%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"))->strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")/e
' *.jpg
20161019_112301.jpg renamed as 20161019_170901.jpg

The -n flag is for testing - remove it when you are sure the command is performing the right conversion.

See this related question How can I batch convert folder names from one date format to another


Unable to change display brightness with Function keys or Brightness and Lock application in Ubuntu 13.10

Try this.

Execute $ sudo gedit /etc/default/grub
Modify the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"

Save the changes.
Execute $ sudo update-grub
Reboot.

Archlinux Wiki on brightness controls here.


Virtual Box with smartcard reader device

As a solution:
Make sure the VirtualBox Extension Pack is installed and also make sure to be a member of the vboxusers group (see commands below).

Make sure the group exists: sudo groupadd vboxusers
Add yourself to this group: sudo usermod -aG vboxusers ${USER}
Logout and login again (or reboot)

Good luck!


Installed Ubuntu 16.04 LTS alongside with latest Windows 10 , PC machine booting straight into windows

I had this problem too....I went to boot bios for my laptop and changed the boot options. still the same problem.

I wiped the hard drive clean then redownloaded iso ubuntu then used rufus to convert to boot-able usb but ticked the bios boot option then followed the recommended settings after that.

Then had to change the laptop setting to boot from the external hard drive and it worked.

when it first installs did you select the boot options?


Differences between two Ubuntu Server 14.04.3 installations

OVH puts a custom kernel on their Ubuntu servers (source). Here is how to install the generic one. I'm not sure what all the letters in the name mean, but probably, "grs" indicates support for Global Resource Serialization, "ipv6" indicates support for IPv6, and "64" indicates 64-bit.

As for why ps -ef is giving you different outputs, I'm not sure exactly, but it could be that OVH puts a non-standard version on their servers.


Opera doesn't open links in other applications

Option 1

To link the Opera browser correctly to Thunderbird one must change the following in Thunderbird's Edit/Preferences under the tab attachments

http : link to /usr/bin/opera
https : link to /usr/bin/opera

These are actually symbolic links to /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/opera/opera (this is at least so for Ubuntu 15.10)

Option 2
Another option is to edit the opera.desktop file (~/.local/share/applications/opera.desktop) where instead of Exec=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/opera/opera one must specify Exec=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/opera/opera %U, the latter taking the argument (http or https link) and opening a page there.


How can I use Thunderbird local folders in Alpine mail client?

While Alpine and Thunderbird can't share local folders, you can export any folder from Thunderbird and view the emails in Alpine if you export the folder in an mbox format. That is the only way Alpine will be able to read the data.

Here is what you need to do:

You need to install the ImportExportTools addon in Thunderbird, then restart the program and now any folder you right click will have the necessary export options (screenshot 1).

Now choose your folder in Thunderbird and then right-click it and you must choose the first option 'export folder', and select the location it is to be saved in (i.e. your mail folder in your home folder). It will create by default a single mbox file of the folder and the file will take the name of that folder exported.
Now make sure that single exported file is in your mail folder that Alpine uses, and open Alpine and go to setup and then click lists (L), and then Add Collection (A). Now (see screenshot below) type any old nickname for the collection (the actual name will be the mbox file name, which is called important in my case).
Then fill in the 'path'- i.e. the location of the file; just leaving it mail/ is good enough for Alpine (see screenshot) if the new file is in the base of that directory, although for later folders you will need to use mail/local/, for example. But always specify them like this, without the actual name of the file, just the folder location. (see screenshot below). You can leave 'server' and 'view' blank. Save the changes and exit that menu.

If any of this sounds obscure, take a look at this useful Princeton guide.

Now just go back to the main menu and select folder list and select the new folder list entry (whatever it is called- see screenshot 3), and then you should see your new folder  (see screenshot 4).

Here's the screenshot (number 4) showing the newly imported mails (from another folder I created, called random):

Just repeat this process for any other folders or when you want to update them.


How can I resize my Filesystem Root partition?

I suggest you create a bootable USB disk and put GParted on it. Then boot from the USB, and you should have free access to your disk and its partitions. Of course, as always, make sure you have backups of your data: GParted is a powerful tool, but it can also create havoc if used carelessly. Good luck with the job :)


SVOX pico2wave

A very minimalistic TTS, a better sounding than espeak or mbrola (to my mind). Some information here.

I don't understand why pico2wave is, compared to espeak or mbrola, rarely discussed. It's small, but sounds really good (natural). Without modification you'll hear a natural sounding female voice.

AND ... compared to Mbrola, it recognise Units and speaks it the right way!
For example:

2°C →   two degrees
2m →    two meters
2kg →    two kilograms

After installation I use it in a script:

#!/bin/bash
pico2wave -w=/tmp/test.wav "$1"
aplay /tmp/test.wav
rm /tmp/test.wav

Then run it with the desired text:

<scriptname>.sh "hello world"

or read the contents of an entire file:

<scriptname>.sh "$(cat <filename>)"

That's all to have a lightweight, stable working TTS on Ubuntu.


Well, i have a workaround of sorts, try using truecrypt? to just encrypt that one drive that you want!


Hiding the unity launcher and it's still opening apps

In 12.04 you can't disable launcher. It is by design.

Go to System Settings > Appearance > Behavior set the sensitivity to minimum. This should at least give you enough time to click on left edge.

Let us know the whether you succeed.


How to avoid all internet traffic going through VPN connection when established

You need to have a route to you NAS server that goes along the VPN. Having the default-route on the VPN is apparently a way to achieve that (depends on details of your networking configuration and environment).

Yes, "only use for local resources" configures the presence of the detault-route.

Often you get automatically specific routes to reach the resources on the VPN. If that doesn't happen, it could be a misconfiguration in the VPN server, on your side or a bug.

Regardless whether that works automatically, you can also add manual, static routes. Find out the IP address you want to reach (ping NAS-SERVER, or ask your admin). Possibly, you don't only add a route to that one IP address, but an entire subnet (like 10.0.0.0/8). You can configure that in your NetworkManager GUI. Afterwards re-activate your VPN connection.

Check the assignes routes with ip route.

You might also try traceroute -n NAS-SERVER to see the way that your IP packets take.


older hp laptop with ubuntu on it won't connect to the internet?

Connect to Ethernet
Open Additional Drivers (you may find it as a separate program or as a tab in update manager depending on your version)
you should be able to see your ireless card listed; click Activate


apt-get update issue with pinta repository

This PPA is totally outdated and don't support Ubuntu 18.04 bionic.

The best way to remove a PPA is by installing ppa-purge then:

sudo ppa-purge ppa:pinta-maintainers/pinta-stable

Alternatives are:

Installing pinta from Ubuntu repos (Version 1.6-2)
Installing pinta from flatpak (flathub) (Version 1.6)
Building it from source https://pinta-project.com/pintaproject/pinta/howto/building-pinta


Bernhard has the right answer, though you would not (necessarily) have to install alacarte to implement.  If you are using Dash:

locate google-chrome.desktop in your favorite text editor.
sudoedit /usr/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop (your path may be different, use the path in step #1 for this.
At the end of the first section [Desktop Entry], past all of the Comment[2 character country] lines, replace Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %U with Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable --force-device-scale-factor=1 %U
Save the file
Close all Chrome windows, including the systray and any Chrome apps (Hangouts) you have open

After closing the browser windows, I clicking on the icon in unity launcher and .... voila!

-Hope this helps someone.


How can I change font rendering to sub-pixel BGR ordering?

You can do this using a GUI (dconf-editor from the package dconf-tools) or on the command-line:

GUI

Open dconf-editor
In the left pane, go to /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/xsettings
In the right pane, change the value of the rgba-order key to bgr:

Command-line

Just run:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xsettings rgba-order 'bgr'


How to get ssh under xterm not to break alt key?

I shared my question on facebook and got a pointer that at first I thought would be totally irrelevant, but actually pointed me toward the solution.

I added the following to my X environment and started a new xterm, which no longer suffered from the ALT problem.

  XTerm*eightBitInput: false

The solution was via the following, where someone had manually added true to their own environment: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=163632

Looks like in my case, the new system has that as the system default, which I need to override.  Though I imagine there is a more elegant solution.


How to get a basic script to run on startup

To run your script at startup simply create a new cronjob. First open crontab by:

crontab -e

And then add the following line to it:

@reboot /path/to/your/script


I've narrowed it down to a hardware problem. Tried with a much more basic mouse, and so far it works.

The mice I've tried before have both been fairly complex gaming mouses, with speed features and extra buttons. I suspect this has something to do with it, since I've run across other mentioning this as a source of problems. I am, however, far from sure.


Looks related to https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=412496, with the fix available since v20.07.08. Since the Ubuntu 20.04 package is on v19.12.3 it won't have the fix.

Make it possible to configure the konsolepart shortcuts
This patch allows the user to configure the by konsolepart provided actions. For example it wasn't possible to configure the copy/paste shortcuts. Also many the "X is an ambiguous shortcut" can now be fixed and remapped if the user so desires.

To try that fix you can follow the instructions to build from source:
git clone https://invent.kde.org/utilities/yakuake.git
git checkout v20.07.80
cd yakuake
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ../
make
sudo make install


I have the problem on Samsung computer that the FN Keys would not function. Plus the Nvidia driver would not allow to change the brightness as is.
And I'm not mistaken, your HP OMEN 15 also have nvidia graphical card.
So here something for you to try (instructions taken form the forum Linux On My Samsung)

Start "NVIDIA X Server Setting" from menu or type in a terminal:
/usr/bin/nvidia-settings
Select "X Server Display Configuration" from the left hand menu.
Push button "Save to X Configuration File".
Push button "Show preview...".
To the Device section, add the line Option "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"

It should look similar like this:
Section "Device"
       Identifier "Device0"
       Driver "nvidia"
       VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation"
       BoardName  "GeForce GT 330M"
       Option "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"
EndSection

Then

Uncheck "Merge with existing file".
Save the file to /etc/X11/xorg.conf.
Reboot and check if backlight control works. If so, you're done.

If does not work yet

edit the file /etc/default/grub and change the line:
 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
 to
 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"

Update grub with: sudo update-grub

Reboot and backlight control should work.


Any task manager to sort processes by disk or network activity?

Executing the command apt-cache search monitor | grep -i system will give you a list of packages related to system monitoring. You can Search for information about a package at http://packages.ubuntu.com/


How to make the touchpad work on Acer Travelmate P243?

I had similar problem. I accidentally found a workaround. Fn+F7 won't work after the OS booted. However, it will if it is activated just before logging in. Please make your system boot with authentication and have a try. (Posted on Jul 22 at 7:36)
Today I found that Ctrl+Fn+F7 makes the touchpad in function. The combination keys toggle the touchpad on and off. So no more restarting the laptop when forgot to activate the touchpad prior to logging in.


WhatsApp Web is asking to update Chrome while using Chromium

The problem seems to be with the User agent Chromium for Linux is using right now. It is using Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) snap Chromium/71.0.3578.80 Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36 which WhatsApp web is recognizing as an older User Agent which Chrome used before version 36. I have also observed that the problem is with Chromium for Linux only since on the other hand WhatsApp web seems to work perfectly under Chromium version 71.0.3578.80 on Windows which uses User agent as Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3641.0 Safari/537.36.

So, to run WhatsApp web again you need to change the User Agent. Do remember to clear all cookies and temporary data to get these working since temporary data might create problems. There are two ways to change user agent:

1. Using Chromium Settings:

Open New Tab and press Ctrl+Shift+I to open Developer Tools
Click on Hamburger menu (vertical dots) and choose More tools - Network conditions

Go to the Network conditions tab (should appear in bottom right), disable the option Select automatically and choose Chrome - Windows from drop-down menu.

Note: You need to perform all things again once WhatsApp web is opened in new tab or Chromium is relaunched since Settings are applied only for that Tab and aren't remembered for a particular site.

2. Using an extension:

Download and install User-Agent Switcher for Chrome
This extension doesn't have any User agents for Chrome. So, you need to add a new custom User Agent or use in-built user agents, for example, Internet Explorer/Safari/Firefox.
If you want to stick to "Chromium on Ubuntu" as User Agent:

Right Click (or two finger tap) on the extension in top bar and click on Options
A list will open which would look like

Click on New User-agent name. Give any name you like and as User-agent enter this Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Ubuntu Chromium/73.0.3683.75 Chrome/73.0.3683.75 Safari/537.36. Give group name as Chrome, in Append?, choose Replace and in Flag field enter New. Click on Add.

Now, click on extension in top bar and change the UA to this newly created custom UA or some other UA (if not created).

In this case UA is applied universally to all tabs.

Once you're done with one of the above ways, open WhatsApp Web to login.


Sharing 2nd Hard Disk Drive in Ubuntu Server 12.4

I think that this guide will be helpful for you:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/How%20to%20Create%20a%20Network%20Share%20Via%20Samba%20Via%20CLI%20%28Command-line%20interface/Linux%20Terminal%29%20-%20Uncomplicated,%20Simple%20and%20Brief%20Way!

The main steps from the guide:

Set a password for your user in Samba

sudo smbpasswd -a <user_name>

Create a directory to be shared

mkdir /home/<user_name>/<folder_name>

Make a backup to be safe:

sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf ~

Edit the conf file (you can use any editing program, I prefer gedit)

sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

add the following lines to the end of the file:

[<folder_name>]
path = /home/<user_name>/<folder_name>
available = yes
valid users = <user_name>
read only = no
browseable = yes
public = yes
writable = yes

##Note that before and after the equal sign should be a SPACE!

When done, restart the samba:

sudo restart smbd

Once Samba has restarted, to check syntax errors, run:

testparm

To access the shared directory from windows run:

\\<HOST_IP_OR_NAME>\<folder_name>\

The folder name will be the value that you used in "" in "/etc/samba/smb.conf".


No. There are no central options for the panel. You can often install and uninstall indicators through the software center, although some of them I think need to be changed through the command line.

But in general, there are very few options for the panel. There's no default way to rearrange the indicators, provide auto-hiding, easily hide or show indicators, hide or show the global menu, change the location or size of the panel, change it's color, etc. These sorts of options have all been removed in Unity.

There's one or two settings you can change in CCSM. Changing the transparency comes to mind. But other than that, it's pretty much stuck the way it is.


BT878 PCI TVCARD to capture analog video signal on Kubuntu 18.04

Try tvtime.
sudo apt-get install tvtime.


This error can be resolved by removing the path /org/cinnamon/desktop/keybindings/media-keys as said in the error message; so the command must be :

gsettings set org.cinnamon.desktop.keybindings.media-keys www "['XF86WWW', '<Super>1']"


Can't Launch Steam No Errors In terminal (Ubuntu 14.04)

I wound up running

steam --reset

That got the the steam client to launch again and load the ui. It did show the following errors but continued loading

This might be helpful though. I just ran steam --reset and then tried again. Now I am actually getting some errors

You are missing the following 32-bit libraries, and Steam may not run:

    libv8.so
    libSDL2-2.0.so.0
    libXtst.so.6
    libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0
    libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0
    libavcodec.so.56
    libavformat.so.56
    libavresample.so.2
    libavutil.so.54
    libswscale.so.3

It's possible I'll run into some other issues down the road as a result, but that gets me past the initial issue for this ticket. Hope this helps someone else.


Thanks to gertvdijk

After running the command ifconfig -a | grep Link I got the response:

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr bc:5f:f4:b9:64:ea
          inet6 addr: fe80::be5f:f4ff:feb9:64ea/64 Scope:Link
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
p1p1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 90:e2:ba:15:5a:34
p1p2      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 90:e2:ba:15:5a:35

I then found this article after a quick Google search: Ubuntu 12.10: renaming ethernet interfaces from “p1p1″ to “eth0″

I named one of the Intel 82576 interfaces eth1, and left the on-board interface as eth0.

After a reboot I did a ifconfig eth1 up and its fully functional!

I don't know why the two Intel 82576 interfaces were set up as p1p1 and p1p2, some further research is required. For now, I'm happy to have it working again.


I don't really have a fix for this, but some notes:

Pulling the plug on an LVM2 volume is not a good idea.  Clean up properly if you can.  To take such a disk offline:

$ vgchange -a n <vg-name>
$ udisksctl lock -b /dev/sd<X>

If you get in a mess with a disk that's been pulled, then you need to clean each logical volume up separately with:

$ dmsetup remove <lv-name>

After doing this, re-inserting the disk will do the right thing and map all the volumes correctly.


Install alongside "them"? Even though I only have 1 OS? Should I move forward? WIN7/UBU 12.04

You can choose to "Install alongside them" safely.

The problem is that Ubuntu detects not only your Windows partition, but another partition (sda3) that it thinks contains an operating system. Actually, it contains a recovery utility installed by the PC manufacturer. The benefit from recovery partitions is that they are usually used for returning your laptop to "factory conditions", which means all pre-installed software and drivers will be taken care of; it restores the laptop to the state you bought it in. In my opinion, the "drivers" is the important part in recovery, but you can usually get those online from the vendor's website.

So, if you don't want the partition, it is safe to delete it. If you do keep it and install Ubuntu alongside Windows and it, you will probably find more than one "Windows" entry in your boot options later on, and selecting the option that points to that recovery partition will fail.

I recommend deleting the HDDRECOVERY partition (sda3) and moving forward, unless you need an easy way to recover the Windows operating system at some later date. You should not, however, delete sda1. Windows needs that to boot!

If you delete the partition and leave it as unallocated, the Install Ubuntu alongside Windows option will instruct Ubuntu to install itself in that unallocated space (that's how its designed; it looks for unallocated space, assuming that the user intentionally left that space for Ubuntu). You won't be prompted to set a size for the installation or choose a partition; it'll just use that unallocated space. If you want to specify a size for Ubuntu (let's say, you want more than 13.75 GB), then stretch the C drive to fill the unallocated space so there's no unallocated space left. Then, when you pick the install alongside option, it will give you a GUI prompt (a slider) to choose how big you want Ubuntu to be. You can do it the other way round too: shrink the C drive to have more unallocated space, and then choose the "install alongside" option, which will use all that unallocated space. I suggest doing it this way, but all of these options should work.


TrackPoint on Lenovo X1 Carbon 3rd gen. not working in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Try to use instrucion from 1st post
Lenovo X1 Carbon 2015 3rd gen 20 BS - trackpoint, clickpad and wifi

TrackPad Buttons:
/etc/modprobe.d/touchpad.conf:
options psmouse proto=imps
update-initramfs -u


Nemo file manager: How can I change font color of folder names in toolbar button?

You can try the following:

1) Open your favorite editor. (eg:gedit) and create a new file named nemo.css, add these lines:

/* font path bar */
.nemo-pathbar-button,
NemoPathbarButton {
    color: #4c4c4c;
}

Add your favorite color in hexadecimal notation. I choose #4c4c4c (Grey color)

2) Save the file nemo.css in your Desktop.

3) Open a Terminal and type:

sudo cp /home/*your_user*/Desktop/nemo.css /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/apps/

4) Go to the /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/apps/ directory, and change the perms of the file.

cd /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/apps
sudo chmod 644 nemo.css

5) Edit the gtk.css  to import the nemo.css, and add a line:

 sudo -H gedit /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk.css

add

 @import url("apps/nemo.css");

6) Kill nemo with (pkill nemo) or just Logout and Login to see the changes.

In my case:


If you installed ubuntu first then windows second, there could be and issue as the windows boot loader will overwrite changes and doesn't play nicely with ubuntu.

My suggestion is to to install Ubuntu last and grub (Grand Unified Bootloader) will install properly.

If you don't want to go through the hassle then once inside ubuntu

sudo update-grub2


PHP 7 version is not working in Ubuntu 12.04

You need to install SAPI for your webserver, f.e. either libapache2-mod-php for Apache2 or php-fpm for NGINX.  CLI version of PHP could be different from web SAPI.

For Ubuntu 12.04 LTS you need to also add ppa:ondrej/apache2 if you intend to use Apache 2.x PHP module:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/apache2
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php

If you had apache2 2.2.x installed previously, you need to remove it with:

apt-get purge 'apache2*'

This will remove all apache2 configuration files, so don't forget to backup your configuration (if you made any changes).


I got Ubuntu 14.04 and I want to remove it and get Windows 7. How do I do that?

Just insert the windows media on your drive, reboot your pc and keep pressing F12 until the box appear and you can select your driver to boot the cd, if the cd is bootable.


Use something like htop instead and it will show you the amount of allocated memory for each process.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install htop
sudo htop

Press F6 to choose what to sort the results by.

Also, have you checked to see if something may be incessantly filling up the error logs?

EDIT:

Because you have identified the culprit is using allotting a lot of space for log-files, you might want to look into using something like logrotate to help manage log-files.

Here is an official description:

Description-en: Log rotation utility
 The logrotate utility is designed to simplify the administration of
 log files on a system which generates a lot of log files.  Logrotate
 allows for the automatic rotation compression, removal and mailing of
 log files.  Logrotate can be set to handle a log file daily, weekly,
 monthly or when the log file gets to a certain size.  Normally, logrotate
 runs as a daily cron job.

Of course, you can also usually change the settings of the application itself to only report errors, to only report warnings and errors, or to fully report everything.

To install logrotate:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install logrotate

For more info:

man logrotate


/media folder nearly full - /media/vids folder has 500gb free

Nothing weird about that. As you stated, you mounted your 1TB disk on /media/Vids, and that's where the full space went to. However, /media is not on that 1TB disk, but just the logical place your disk got "organized under". Most likely, media is just part of your root file system (mounted at /). And that's on a different disk, as you could evaluate using one of the following commands:

mount
df -h

Both will list the devices along -- and you will see different devices reported for the mentioned directories.


No space left on device.
It seems that /boot partition has no more space to install kernel.
Try to remove any old linux-images.
1. Define which kernel you're using. type in console  uname -r so by mistake not remove this kernel. And use synaptic to remove old kernels in sections kernel and ..


Refit is only availabe when you installed multi os on mac.
So you should press option key to select dvd.


Bug report: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-control-center/+bug/844535

This page claims Gnome3 moved the proxy location, and offers a workaround.


How can 6 workspaces be set sing Compiz?

Install Compiz Config setting manager

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

And Workspaces is on General Settings named as Desktop Size

Compiz manager


How do you create a Bash Script for replacing text in a document, utilizing regular expressions?

Seems like you want something like this,

$ cat file
foo bar
$ sed 's/\([a-z]\+\)/\1 blah/g' file
foo blah bar blah

\([a-z]\+\) captures one or more lowercase letters. Then the matched characters are replaced by the characters which are present inside the group index 1 plus the string " blah".


Downloading music & photos from Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit to Ubuntu 13.10

Backing up your data to a D: partition on the same drive will not prevent the Ubuntu installer to use the whole drive.

  To keep our data safe from accidental deletion we need to make a backup on an external drive before we install Ubuntu.

Do not connect this backup drive while removing Windows and installing Ubuntu.

Of course you can install Ubuntu on your existing Windows partition withoud deleting your data partition on choosing "someting else" during the installation. But this needs some basic understanding of a hard drive partitioning and the following precautions to be taken:

Do not choose "remove Windows and install Ubuntu" on installation. This will warn yout that it will remove everything from your computer. This warning is serious!
Choose "something else" for a guided partitioning.
Do not hibernate or "fast boot" your Windows before you remove it. Properly shut down Windows on last usage.
Do not have your Windows partitions encrypted.
Do not have your data partition on a Windows "dynamic" disk. Ubuntu can only access "basic"  NTFS formatted disks.
Do not partition, use or format the data partition when installing. Know exactly on which partition your data are. Don't proceed if unsure.

Still people succeeded in deleting all their data. Therefore:

  Back up your data on an external drive, please.

Also related:

How do I install Ubuntu?

For dual-boot and UEFI see

Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI


terminal locked with matlab installation

WARNING: This answer is applicable to Ubuntu version < 11.04, do not use it in a newer version as it will hard freeze your system

You will get this message if you forget to use sudo when executing an apt command.

Otherwise this is a sign that something else is installing or removing software and has locked the apt database while it performs the actions. The programs that can do this are:

The Software Center
The Update Manager
The apt link installer (I think this now goes through SC)
The apt-get or aptitude command line utilities.

You can force the lock off by removing the file, but it's not recommended without first closing the program that's holding the lock safely, since you could cause corruption or interrupt an installation (bad).

Try this command in terminal to find what is running

ps -e | grep -e apt -e adept | grep -v grep

Note:
If that doesn’t make effect, type the following in terminal that will remove the lock

sudo fuser -cuk /var/lib/dpkg/lock; sudo rm -f /var/lib/dpkg/lock

And the same command can be used for the apt cache lock:

sudo fuser -cuk /var/cache/apt/archives/lock; sudo rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/lock


Ubuntu 18.4 is extremely slow and laggy in VirtualBox

Try unchecking the "Enable 3D Acceleration" checkbox in the Display tab in the VM settings. It seems counter-intuitive to me but it has sped up several Ubuntu VMs for me on several different hosts.


This is very popular situation, the use of shell redirection with sudo to write to root owned file. You can run it as:

sudo sh -c 'echo -n "2-1.2:1.0" > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/cdc_acm/bind'

Which run shell as root and use redirect inside it. There are many other ways, see When using sudo with redirection, I get 'permission denied'


Current Software Update for Ubuntu 15.10 trashes VM with VMWare fusion

I had this issue with VMware Workstation 12 Player. The temporary fix is likely similar. I started the VM and it didn't fully complete. I thought, like you, it was the software update that did it. The only updates I had were the kernel update, so that had to be it. I fixed my issue by rebooting with the old kernel.

The fix requires that an ssh server be installed on the VM. Start the VM and let it get to the "hung" state. ssh into the machine and edit /boot/grub/grub.cfg to have it default to the old kernel (3.19.0-49 for me). You can do this by moving the menuentry for the old kernel to the top of the list. Reboot the machine with 'sudo reboot' and hope the VM reboots correctly.


How to send a mail/write to other user through a shell script? How to send EOF?

You can pipeline your input from one program to another like this:

echo "message here"|write $user

or like this:

cat /tmp/message|write $user


Will adding video memory on ubuntu running on a virtual machine (VM Box) decrease my video memory even when it is not on?

It will be used only when the VM is running. All memory available for the host OS otherwise.


Not able to fetch following updates for 12.04?

You can proceed to clean the current packages and populated with new updated lists of packages.

   sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf
   sudo apt-get clean
   sudo apt-get update

If the above commands, didn't work. One of the possible reason is network connectivity. Someone from your network or ISP is not allowing a huge chunk of download on your computer. You can try point your resolver to Google's DNS (8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4) as a workaround.

lazam@lazam-laptop:~$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
#     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

Hope it helps.


Try

sudo apt-get install libpulse0:i386

This looks like a frequent problem.


Have you looked at UNetbootin http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/

Making a LiveUSB for Windows is doable depending on which version of Windows, but is tricky.


Wine right click open is different to terminal "wine appname"

You need to

cd

into the directory of the file and then run

wine APPNAME

to run your program.

For example, the following will give STBC (and many other applications) a runtime error:

wine /home/USER/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files\(x86\)/Activision/Bridge\ Commander/stbc.exe

The correct set of commands to use is:

cd /home/USER/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files\(x86\)/Activision/Bridge\ Commander

wine stbc.exe

This is apparently because it gives the application the correct working directory, which does not happen with the first example.

How to put the working set of commands into a single command for use in a .desktop file (shortcut), however, is something I don't know how to do, so I simply created a bash script containing both commands and linked the .desktop file to that instead.


One option:
gnome-terminal --title="my_title"

For this to work, you probably have to comment this fragment in ~/.bashrc
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    # Comment this
    #PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

You may also try issuing command
echo -ne "\033]0;my_title\007"

See also this.


How do I know which programs use a particular file?

You can find out what software packages contain a specific file (or directory) using the command

dpkg -S /PATH/TO/FILE_OR_DIRECTORY

This only works for installed packages and only for files/directories that are contained in the package. It does not recognize files/directories that were created by the installation scripts or later by the running application.

To find out whether a file is currently opened by any applications, you can use the command

lsof /PATH/TO/FILE_OR_DIRECTORY

No output means that the file is currently not opened by anything. Otherwise you get one line per application that is currently using the file.

If both commands have no outputs and therefore suggest that the file is not needed, probably you can safely delete it. I can't guarantee that it is not needed for anything you might want any more, of course, but I think your chances are pretty good.

It can't really be a system-relevant file anyway as it is in your home directory, but no idea how it got there.

The safest thing is to move it anywhere as backup for another few months or so until you're really 100% sure you don't need it.


If you want 5.5 you need to download the tar.gz version and not the rpm from here: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.5.html and follow the instructions from this link: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/binary-installation.html
Relevant portions from this instruction (but do read the link itself too):

2.2. Installing MySQL from Generic Binaries on Unix/Linux
Oracle provides a set of binary distributions of MySQL. These include binary distributions in the form of compressed tar files (files with a .tar.gz extension) for a number of platforms, as well as binaries in platform-specific package formats for selected platforms.

<..>

This section covers the installation of MySQL from a compressed tar file binary distribution. For other platform-specific package formats, see the other platform-specific sections.
To install and use a MySQL binary distribution, the basic command sequence looks like this:

shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

A more detailed version of the preceding description for installing a binary distribution can be found at the link.


Deciding between virtual machine or dual-boot setup

From my experience it is a good idea to run a less often used OS in a virtual machine. This avoids reboots and enables easy data exchange between both worlds. As a rule of thumb we should have the OS we work most with as the host OS to run the guest OS we don't use that often.

From my side I can only speak for Virtual Box, as I have very little experience with other solutions. However, Virtual Box is stable, free and available across platforms. I do recommend it.

Drawbacks and advantages of a virtual machine are summarized in this answer, so I will not repeat them here.

Just one thing in addition: if you develop software you may find it quite nice to have the bug going wild in a virtual machine only.

To answer your quesitons:

Yes, you can just shut down the guest OS to have all ressources back to the host. You can even save a machines state to continue your work after waking it up again.
The architecture does not really matter. I run both 64-bit machines, and 32-bit machines on my 64-bit host. They feel the same. If your processor offers virtualization (it very likely does) you can even run 64-bit guests on a 32-bit host.
That depends on very specific needs where one or the other solution may be better at the moment be - we can't really give a recommendation for all aspects. Such things will also likely change over time.

Try it out, it is not that complicated, and support for Virtual Box is excellent.

Here is an example of memory usage from Virtual Box machines:

Left side is

Ubuntu 11.10 64-bit on a dual core AMD CPU, 2 users logged in with 2.3 GiB memory usage by various applications.
One Windows XP 32-bit 4 GiB RAM running.
A second Windows XP 32-bit 1 GiB RAM running.

The 1 GiB VM is sent to shut down at position 1, the 4 GiB VM sent to shut down at position 2.

Further increasing the memory sizes of the VMs led to extensive usage of swap that made the system almost unresponsive. Running 2 VMs with 4 GiB each was not allowed on my system here (8 GiB). One of the machines was then shut down from Virtual Box manager.


Ubuntu installation troubles on Windows Phone

The easiest way to tranfer files from one system to another including phones is to use dropbox.

32-bit:
cd ~ && wget -O - "https://www.dropbox.com/download?plat=lnx.x86" | tar xzf -

64-bit:
cd ~ && wget -O - "https://www.dropbox.com/download?plat=lnx.x86_64" | tar xzf -

Next, run the Dropbox daemon from the newly created .dropbox-dist folder.
~/.dropbox-dist/dropboxd


zuluCrypt hangs when creating a luks container with a key

Developer of zuluCrypt here.

The version of zuluCrypt you are using is too old. Update to the latest version(5.0.1) and try again. The problem you are experiencing was fixed in version 4.7.8[1](look at the first entry of the changelog)

[1] https://github.com/mhogomchungu/zuluCrypt/releases/tag/4.7.8


It's a simple task for find and cat:

 find <path_to_files> -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} cat {} >> merged

The content of all files in <path_to_files> and in all sub-folders will be added to merged. Therefore remove merged for each new run of the command.


The issue with importing the gym module was mainly in choosing the correct installation directory.

Since the installation is carried out as

git clone https://github.com/openai/gym
cd gym
pip install -e '.[all]'

the module itself is not located in ~/gym but actually in ~/gym/gym. So to provide a path to a folder containing the module gym folder we have to use:

/home/user/gym

not /home/user.

EDIT:

As an alternative, one can do

source activate gym

to get the terminal into the

(gym) user@localhost:~$

state, which will automatically search for all dependencies in the correct place when you run your scripts afterwards.


I am not able to open the txt file on desktop by double clicking on it

Currently, icons on the desktop in Ubuntu exhibit significant limitations. For now, you will need to revise your workflow, and access these files from within Files. You can quickly access any file by typing its name or parts of its name with spaces in between while in Files.
If this is crucial to your workflow, then you may want to consider switching to almost any desktop environment. Most still fully support icons on the desktop in contrast to Gnome Shell, which does not support this workflow by default.
Beware that a desktop based workflow may quickly lead to clutter if you work with multiple projects simultaneously. Moreover, your desktop is hidden most of the time while you work. However, that is how we learned to work back in 1995, when Microsoft Windows 95 appeared.


I am not sure if you installed the grub to the mbr or the root of the Linux partition. If you did install it to the mbr, you can move the Linux partition and merge it with the new space. If the grub is on the Linux root partition use my second suggestion to avoid the headaches of adding a partition back to grub once the move is finished.

A second suggestion would be to use the new empty partition for Ubuntu as that would answer your first problem of not enough space, and you could make it accessible from windows as a file or document partition.

I hope this helps

Installing Ubuntu reference

How do I install Ubuntu?

Illustrative guide of Dual Booting


You can try using aptitude. It has better dependency handling as far as I know.

Otherwise install the required packages before using that apt-get line.

sudo apt-get install libglapi-mesa libcheese-gtk23 libcheese7 libgl1-mesa-dri


Firefox doesn't play audio after playing through HDMI

Okay, similiar to my Problem.  In .config/pulse/default.pa  comment string load-module module-suspend-on-idle with # out. If the file doesn't exist you can copie it cp /etc/pulse/default.pa ~/.config/pulse/default.pa this avoids that sound sink suspends. It stays  `

  Disconnects sinks and sources from their backend after a predetermined amount of idle time. Idle time is accumulated when the sink/source in question is not connected to any streams. Disadvantages: When pulseaudio gives up the backend, and the backend is not capable of mixing, errant applications can grab the sound device and hold exclusive control over it, making pulseaudio stop working. If pulseaudio does not give up the backend, errant applications won't be able to play sound, but they will not disrupt pulseaudio's operation either. This scenario is possible 99% of the time, since most users run an ALSA sink/source without a card that has software mixing. An "errant application" would, for example, try to open hw:0 or front:0 rather than the 'default' ALSA device.

For more info pulseaudio modules


Bluetooth File Transfer with Nexus 5X Not Working

Open terminal and enter
sudo apt-get install bluez-obexd libmulticobex1 libobexftp0 libopenobex1 obex-data-server obexd-client obexfs obexftp obexpushd

reboot

Those are the packages installed on my computer and I can browse files on my phone


Yes, that would work, though I think it's not enough space for a GUI unless you use something like Lubuntu, which might or might not work.

The swap would be an entire partition with no format; the partition type would simply be set to swap rather than, say, ext4.

You don't tell GRUB about the swap partition, since GRUB only cares about the earliest parts of booting the operating system. Instead, you tell Linux by editing /etc/fstab to say what partition to use (see your own system's /etc/fstab for an example; it'll have a line mentioning swap). Use sudo blkid after booting froto get the proper UUID for your USB drive's swap partition.


How to install Warty Warthog on VirtualBox?

Okay so I tried and got the same problem.

You can get round it by using a IDE controller based HDD rather than a SATA ( which is default )

Edit your VM -> Settings -> Storage, then add a HDD to the IDE controller and delete the SATA controller.

Reboot the it should work okay.