Does the kernel also need to be updated if I update the Intel drivers?

If you are looking for SNA, there's an article at Webupd8 explaining how to enable it in 12.04, and it don't requires kernel upgrades, just the PPA you already refered.

If you are looking for RC6 support, this suggests it is already supported in 3.2 kernel (if i'm not wrong it is not enabled by default: Ubuntu Wiki).


Parts of the bootloader are stored in the UEFI boot partition. For Ubuntu, this is only four files in a Ubuntu subdirectory:

EFI
EFI/ubuntu
EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg
EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
EFI/ubuntu/MokManager.efi
EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi

So, if you can manage to mount to UEFI boot partition (for example using a bootable Ubuntu USB key, choosing "Try It", and using the terminal from there), you can remove the files.

But I suggest you do not bother: when you do you reinstall, the four files will quite simply be overwritten.


How do I configure the update manager to sync daily unless connected on mobile broadband?

You can set Automatically check for Updates to Never in Software sources or you can access it in Settings option from Ubuntu Software Center.

So when using Wifi or Ethernet you can check for updates manually every-time thus preserving Bandwidth in Mobile Broadband.


Ubuntu 18: Set usb mouse speed / sensitivity (panel and xinput not working)

I had the same issue. I was able to fix it by changing the "Accel Speed" property in xinput. It didn't occur to me at first that it's possible to set negative values for it, but when I tried it I was happily surprised my mouse is now going slower again.

So full info, first type "xinput list" to get a list of devices, your mouse should be in the list:

~$ xinput list
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Genius Optical Mouse                      id=8    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳   USB Keyboard                            id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳   USB Keyboard                            id=10   [slave  keyboard (3)]

In my output pasted above, my mouse has ID 8. We can use this to find the mouse properties:

~$ xinput list-props 8
Device 'Genius Optical Mouse':
    Device Enabled (148):   1
    <...snip...>
    libinput Accel Speed (294): 0.000000
    libinput Accel Speed Default (295): 0.000000
    <...snip...>

We find the property number for Accel Speed (294 in my case). We can use this to lower it below zero:

xinput set-prop 8 294 -0.5

Note you need to change the 8 with your mouse ID, and the 294 with your "Accel Speed" property number. I found -0.5 to be an acceptable value for me, but you might want to set it to something different.

To make this change permanent after reboot, you will need to run that command automatically at startup. I'm not sure how that works in vanilla Ubuntu, but with XFCE (Xubuntu) you can do "Settings -> Session and Startup -> Application Autostart -> Add" and then fill in the full xinput command as command, and a nice name and description.


My Ubuntu terminal commands seem to be running on python

/etc/bash.bashrc defines a function command_not_found_handle, which calls /usr/lib/command-not-found, which is a Python 3 script. This handler is called for commands that Bash can't find.

So as a bandage fix, you can unset the handler:

unset -f command_not_found_handle

Update 2:

After some discussion with OP, it turns out the issue is caused by a Python 2.7 executable accidentally placed at /usr/bin/python3.4. (So my first update was not very useful, but it's in revision 4 if you want to read it). If this happens to you, don't restart your computer!  Some parts of the GUI depend on Python 3. You will probably need to keep the terminal open too.

BTW, this explains the infinite loop when calling an unknown command at the Bash prompt. /usr/lib/command-not-found has this section in it:

if sys.version < '3':
    # We might end up being executed with Python 2 due to an old
    # /etc/bash.bashrc.
    import os
    if "COMMAND_NOT_FOUND_FORCE_PYTHON2" not in os.environ:
        os.execvp("python3", [sys.argv[0]] + sys.argv)

Which means when it gets executed by Python 2, it calls python3, but since python3 is actually Python 2, the process repeats.

Update 3:

OP ended up reinstalling Ubuntu, but I was curious so I opened a VM, caused a similar issue (if not the same issue), and fixed it.

Caused the problem

sudo cp /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python3.4

Confirmed the problem

Ran python3 --version, got Python 2.7.6
Tried running sdf, had to press Ctrl+C to stop the loop

Fixed it:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3.4-minimal

The package python3.4-minimal provides the Python 3.4 executable itself. All the other packages I checked (python3, python3.4, python3-minimal) depend on python3.4-minimal for that reason.

(OP and I stumbled through this solution the first time around. For more details about what I tried, what else I messed up, and how I fixed it, read revision 9 of this answer.)


You need to specify a filename:

scrot test.png -e 'mv $f ~/Pictures/Screenshots/'

or

scrot '%Y-%m-%d_$wx$h.png' -e 'mv $f ~/Pictures/Screenshots/'


sudo passwd hduser will let you change the password for this user


Ubuntu Server 14.04 - Broken dependencies for Clam AV

I tried the first suggest late last night after getting home, and it worked perfectly.

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install clam-freshclam

installed fine after that.

was weird because it wasn't indicating any other issues, just the missing dependencies for the one application.


How do I make a rich menu for an appindicator?

What I've done for StackApplet is to simply disable a menu item and use that as a 'header'. That way it doesn't respond to mouse clicks and looks like a static text label.


Thunar File Manager is the Xfce file manager. It is quite clean and should provide the functionality you are looking for.

Other than that I only know PCMan File Manager which should be quite similar to Thunar.


How can I reverse a deletion in LibreOffice Writer Track Changes mode?

You can either:

press Ctrl+z to undo the deletion right away; or
at a later stage, right-click on the deleted word and choose "Reject Change".


From Wubi Guide:

  Wubi is an officially supported installer for Windows XP, Vista and 7
  only. Wubi does not work with Windows 8 default boot-loader.
  Thus at this point Wubi would not work on a new Windows 8 machine. You
  would be able to install, but not reboot into Ubuntu.

  If you upgraded to Windows 8 and are using BIOS firmware, Wubi does
  work, but do not enable hybrid-sleep on Windows 8

Note that this applies to Windows 10 also.


Unable to locate package kubuntu-plasma5-desktop on 14.04

If you're using 14.04 (per the revised question)...
The ppa:kubuntu-ppa/next PPA has no Utopic build. It's designed for the development version of Ubuntu and nothing else. Remove it:
sudo apt-add-repository -r ppa:kubuntu-ppa/next

By extension the kubuntu-plasma5-desktop package only lives in this PPA so you're not going to be able to install that yet.
Just use the Neon version in ppa:neon/kf5 (which only works for Trusty). As the blog announcement for all this states:

Packages will be installed to /opt/project-neon5 and will co-install with your normal environment and installs to 14.04

Once you've installed project-neon5-session, project-neon5-utils and project-neon5-konsole you should be able to choose Neon as a desktop session from the login screen.
If you're using 14.10 (per the original question)...
The neon/kf5 PPA is only intended for 14.04 Trusty. It doesn't have packages for Utopic. Remove it with:
sudo apt-add-repository -r ppa:neon/kf5

The kubuntu-ppa/next PPA should work on 14.10:

It has a Utopic build target.
Looking at the Packages file, it does have a kubuntu-plasma4-desktop file.

If it's not working, check the output of sudo apt-get update (use apt if you like) and see what that's saying. Any warnings and errors about the second PPA are going to be relevant here.


I want to extract a number from a file then perform simple mathematics operation then paste it to another file

this bash shell script does what you want, but you can tweak it to change the source/target features.

assuming source.txt contains the source data; target.txt is the one that you want to replace

# get the 2nd line or source.txt-2800
val=$(expr `head -2 source.txt | tail -1` - 2800)
export val2=$(expr $val / 60)
# replace the result
perl -pi -e 's/(G8LE\s+[^\d]*)\d+/$1$ENV{val2}/g' target.txt


Can I transfer a raided hard drive that is currently on a Windows 2008 R2 server to my Ubuntu Server 14.04 without losing content?

Is this possible?

Yes.

  What I would like to do is unmap the raw mounted hard drive from the Windows machine (NTFS file type)

I doubt this is needed(?) You should be able to mount it in Ubuntu and test if all works first before unmap'ing it in Windows.

But ...

  Will it go flawless?

is a more interesting question. Backup. And make another backup. Make sure you can restore the backup. Did it end up in a mess? Restore the backup. (not likely though ;) )


Problem in wifi connectivity- each time need to fill proxy

Open the file sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf
and add the proxy

Acquire::http::proxy "http://proxy-adress:port/";
Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://proxy-adress:port/";
Acquire::https::proxy "https://proxy-adress:port/";
for example: Acquire::http::proxy "http://192.168.1.1:8080/";

and if you have user name and password then do this

Acquire::http::proxy "http://<username>:<password>@proxy-adress/";
Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://<username>:<password>@proxy-adress/";
Acquire::https::proxy "https://<username>:<password>@proxy-adress/";

for Example: Acquire::https::proxy "https://abcd:123456@proxy-adress/";

Check that answer hopefully it will help you too.
Proxy Internet problem on Ubuntu?


I fixed a few syntactical errors in your file, and removed all the &&s.
The main problem was your array declaration and the IF statements. Here is the result:

#!/bin/bash

declare -a arr1=("1000/1.0", "2000/2.0", "3000/3.0", "4000/4.0")
declare -a arr2=("100/0.138", "200/0.098", "300/0.07347", "400/0.0545", "500/0.0449")

for i in "${arr1[@]}"
do
    echo -e "\e[41m## entered first loop ##\e[0m"
    str1=$i | cut -d'/' -f1
    str2=$i | cut -d'/' -f2
    if [ "$str2" = "1.0" ]
    then
        sed -i 's/1.0/1.0/g' file1.txt
    else
        sed -i 's/$ii/$str2/g' file1.txt
    fi

    for j in "${arr2[@]}"
    do
        echo -e "\e[41m## entered second loop ##\e[0m"
        str3=$j | cut -d'/' -f1
        str4=$j | cut -d'/' -f2
        old_loc="test_name=name_([^]+)_ni_([^]+)"
        new_loc="test_name=name_$str1_ni_str3"
        sed -i 's/old_loc/new_loc/g' file2.sh

        old_loc2="#hello HELLO ([^]+) // 4 am"
        new_loc2="#hello HELLO $str4 // 4 am"
        sed -i 's/old_loc2/new_loc2/g' file.cpp

    done
    ii=$str2
    if [ "$str2" = "2.0" ]
    then
        break
    fi
done


I can't get the directory contents to not be listed when viewing localhost/mySite

My dirty solution is to create an empty index.html file in each such directory.


How can I remove "Ubuntu Netbook Edition" option from the GDM session menu?

Go to the Ubuntu Software Center and use the search box in the upper right corner. Search for ubuntu-netbook and remove the packages ubuntu-netbook and ubuntu-netbook-default-settings.


VLC won't install, says I'm missing libvlccore.so. I have .9 it's looking for .8 What's next?

cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
sudo ln -s libvlccore.so.9 libvlccore.so.8

This will create a symlink called libvlccore.so.8 to the version you have, libvlccore.so.9, so programs looking for version *8 will call the newer library. This is not generally good practice, since version 9 is different from 8 and may not work. It can serve as a workaround, though.


Cannot change permission to external hard drive on Ubuntu 18.04

To mount your drive you must use the argument -o umask=000 this will mount the whole drive as write. since it is a FAT32 formatted drive this is how user rights work on it : they are set at mount so :

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/$USER/Ext1TB -o umask=000

will solve your issue.


How do I delete all packages which match a certain pattern?

Use apt-get, not aptitude, and use regular expressions.
In a regular expression, . mean any character, and * means zero or more times. So the expression libreoffice.* matches any package name containing the string libreoffice, followed by any number of characters.
Surround the regular expression with single quotes to avoid the shell interpreting the asterisk. (If you had a file named libreoffice.example for example in your current directory, the shell would replace libreoffice.* with libreoffice.example, so you have to use single quotes to stop this behaviour.)

Result:

sudo apt-get remove 'libreoffice.*'


Moved from windows lost all my files - Any File recovery Tools

There is still hopes of getting some documents out from you old Windows Partition using an Ubuntu LiveCD or LiveUSB. From there you can use testdisk to get files from previous partitions. There is no guarantee, but i'm almost sure if you have not filled out your Ubuntu partition you will be able to get many files back:

Look at the guide here


My personal preference for these things is pure bash. The script below should do what you are looking for.

get_mac_of_essid() {
 target_essid="$1"
 [ -z "$target_essid" ] && return
 interface=eth0

 # Ask for password now instead of in the middle of pipe below
 sudo -v

 mac="" ; essid=""
 {
  while read line ; do
   set -- $line
   if [ "$1" = Cell ] ; then
    # New network, so reset variables
    mac="" ; essid=""
    shift 3
   fi
   case "$1" in
   Address:)
    mac="$2" # MAC is on this line, second field
    ;;
   ESSID:*)
    essid="${1#ESSID:}" # ESSID is on this line, first field after ':'
    essid="${essid#\"}" # Remove duoble quote at start
    essid="${essid%\"}" # Remove double quote at end
    ;;
   esac
   if [ "$essid" = "$target_essid" ] && [ ! -z "$mac" ] ; then
    echo "$mac" ; return
   fi
  done
 } < <(sudo iwlist $interface scan)
}

After pasting the above into your terminal, you should be able to run get_mac_of_essid name to get the MAC address associated with network "name" as many times as needed.


I'm running Firefox 23 in Ubuntu 13.04 with the Button instead the menubar.

You can try the following..

1) Disable the global menu in firefox:

Open Firefox and in address bar type about:config then click to confirm in "I'll be careful, I promise"

Search the key "ui.use_unity_menubar" and select it , then double click to change the value from true to false.

2) Right click in the firefox window and "uncheck" Menu Bar

After that you should have the Firefox Button instead the menubar.


KDE task bar not recognizing the .desktop file

After many tests I found why is not recognized.
However I still think it's a strange behavior, and make difficult distribute applications. Ok, for a correct perspective, I will show all my tests.

My app will be based on electron, so I tried this:

~/electron@6.0.11 with the electron dist content and ~/developer/electron-quick-start with an electron example app
ln -s ~/electron-6.0.11 ~/Electron symbolic link to folder
A bash /home/james/execute file with content:

#!/usr/bin/bash
/home/james/electron-6.0.11/electron /home/james/developer/electron-quick-start

Now I will show the different desktop files that I tried:

NOT WORKING. Applications opens, but KDE taskbar doesn't recognize the desktop file, so cannot be pinned correctly. The reason is because executable directory in desktop file is symlinked

[Desktop Entry]
Terminal=false
Icon=org-xapp
....
Exec=/home/james/Electron/electron /home/james/developer/electron-quick-start
...

NOT WORKING. Same as before

[Desktop Entry]
Terminal=false
Icon=org-xapp
....
Exec="/home/james/Electron/electron" /home/james/developer/electron-quick-start
...

WORKING. Using the real canonical path, instead of symlink is recognized by KDE taskbar.

[Desktop Entry]
Terminal=false
Icon=org-xapp
....
Exec=/home/james/electron-6.0.11/electron /home/james/developer/electron-quick-start
...

NOT WORKING. App opens, but KDE taskbar cannot recognize the desktop file. I am using the canonical path like previous example, but no getting recognized due to '"' scaping in executable. From my perspective this is a wrong behavior from KDE.

[Desktop Entry]
Terminal=false
Icon=org-xapp
....
Exec="/home/james/electron-6.0.11/electron" /home/james/developer/electron-quick-start
...

NOT WORKING. Adding environment variables to exec, make KDE taskbar doesn't recognize the desktop file. So again, I think that is a wrong behavior from KDE taskbar.

[Desktop Entry]
Terminal=false
Icon=org-xapp
....
Exec=env MYVAR=1 /home/james/electron-6.0.11/electron /home/james/developer/electron-quick-start
...

NOT WORKING. App opens, but not getting recognized the desktop. Setting a bash (or another filetype that uses child_process) to call the original arguments, causes KDE taskbar not recognize the file.

[Desktop Entry]
Terminal=false
Icon=org-xapp
....
Exec=/home/james/execute
...

Ok, my opinion: behavior 6 is acceptable and understable, behavior 1 and 2 is questionable (Is not there way to know if points to same file?), behavior 4 and 5 is unnaceptable and from my perspective is wrong, KDE taskbar should recognize the desktop file in this cases.


The most likely reason is that the new machine has an EFI firmware, a drive with a GUID partition table (GPT), or both.

If you enter firmware setup there may be a legacy BIOS mode that you can use.  You should also check the Community Documentation for methods of dealing with EFI firmware.  The most simple suggestion from that page appears to be to use Boot Repair to fix the issue.

Since boot repair has not worked for you so far, make sure that you are trying to install the 64bit release of Ubuntu Desktop.


After modifying /etc/fstab, drives are still auto-mounting at boot time only

Auto-mounting was enabled in the File Manager (non-standard Thunar mod), and this was overriding /etc/fstab.  The setting in the File Manager (Volume Management) is all-or-nothing, mount external drives automatically, or don't.  So I disabled that, and am controlling things with udev and fstab.


according to that site, it will not be accessible if you try to reach it from the outside server and do not have it port mapped in your router. You can list that port to be refused after the configuration changes or just simply uninstall the web ui after making changes.


Can Ubuntu replace Android on Asus Transformer Pad TF103C

According to Asus Transformer Pad TF103C ubuntu android dual boot?

The tablet hybrid doesn't use BIOS, it uses droidboot for the boot sequencing...

  As far as I've seen, there is currently no way to boot linux. The
  TF103 doesn't use BIOS, and instead uses Droidboot as it's boot
  loader.

  There isn't much information on Droidboot with Bay Trail devices, or
  my google-fu isn't the best. Either way there doesn't appear to be
  easily accessible information about how droidboot on the TF103 works
  or how one is even able to modify it to boot different OSes.

There might be another option, though. Rooting it seems possible on https://forum.xda-developers.com/android/help/asus-transformer-pad-tf103c-tablet-root-t2802995/page29 and after that, you could theoretically install an emulation app to install ubuntu in a container.. Kind of like a VM.

Hope that helps.


Depending on your kernel version CFQ might be gone. It was removed as of Kernel 5.0. This is the related commit group.


Common default desktop for multiple users in Ubuntu 18.04LTS

It's possible in all releases of Ubuntu.

Place the customizations in /etc/skel. Place the actual .desktop files, don't try to merely drag icons.

When new users are created, the files in /etc/skel are copied into the new user's /home directory.

Note that this is a new-user solution only: If a user deletes a custom icon from their desktop, they don't get it back at next login. Meanwhile, future new users still get the icon.


Why do I have different kernel versions on same distribution version

This is explained in the release notes for Precise:

  By default, the 12.04.2 point release will ship with a newer
  3.5.0-23.35 Ubuntu kernel from Quantal, and a matching X.org stack. This is based on the 3.5.7.2 Extended Upstream Stable Kernel
  Release...The purpose of providing a newer kernel in the 12.04.2 point
  release is for hardware enablement.

This only applies to Ubuntu, Edubuntu, and Mythbuntu.

In short, you get the newer kernel if you install from 12.04.02; but keep the older kernel if you update 12.04.01, unless you take steps to enable the update.

For more information on how to do that and various policies and procedures on this issue, see LTS Enablement Stacks.

From the above link:

  Anyone wishing to opt into the hardware enablement stack for Precise
  may do so by installing the linux-generic-lts- and
  xserver-xorg-lts- packages.

  For example to install the Quantal hardware enablement packages in
  Precise, please run the following command:

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-quantal xserver-xorg-lts-quantal

  libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-quantal

  To install the Raring hardware enablement packages in Precise, please
  run instead the following command:

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-raring xserver-xorg-lts-raring libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-raring

See the above link for additional specifics regarding the exact policies and procedures regarding the support, maintenance, and upgrade paths for these hardware enablement stacks.

The support schedule for the kernels is given at the Version Matrix


It's because ssh daemon can't access to your authorized_keys file.

Change USERNAME to your username.

sudo mkdir /etc/ssh/USERNAME

Copy your key

sudo cp /home/USERNAME/.ssh/authorized_keys /etc/ssh/USERNAME

Own it

sudo chown -Rf USERNAME.USERNAME /etc/ssh/USERNAME
sudo chmod 644 /etc/ssh/USERNAME/authorized_keys

Add the following in /etc/ssh/sshd_config

AuthorizedKeysFile    /etc/ssh/%u/authorized_keys

Source: Passwordless SSH in Encrypted Home Directory


A simple GUI to create a video file from an audio and an image file?

Kdenlive! ☺ Awesome tool to edit video. Simple to understand. You may have to add their repository to have the latest version. In this thread you have a list of video editing software for Linux. I've tried a lot, and the one that has worked best always has been Kdenlive.


This adapter is not supported by any existing Linux drivers so far.


Only 24GB of 32GB RAM showing on Server 11.10

What is the output of:

sudo lshw -C memory

I was having similar issues with Ubuntu not detecting my RAM but it turned out to have become physically loose. Weird I know.

Try switching the RAM between DIMMs, is it the RAM or the DIMM? OR Ubuntu? Ya never know!


There's no hard and fast rule for this.  Generally you can put things like that in ~/bin, add it to your path if you want it from the command-line, and add a .desktop file in /usr/share/applications if you want it in Unity.

At least for me:
If it's in /bin implies linux standard.
If it's in /usr/bin it implies distribution standard.
If it's in /usr/local/bin it implies a one-off of distribution standard or something you did yourself that you want accessible to all users.

That being said, if you want it run-able by all users you need to sudo chmod +x random.exe it.


Can't open Chrome as default browser from terminal

I would guess that either the configuration (in ~/.config/chromium/ ) or the cache ( ~/.cache/chromium/ ) from your Chromium installation is confusing Google Chrome. Perhaps back up these directories, remove them and try starting Google Chrome again.

If this fails you could try with strace: strace -f -v -s 1024 sensible-browser. It will print a ton of information and if you are lucky the error (can't open a file, messed up permissions, etc) would be close to the bottom. You will need some basic knowledge of C though.

Looking at the "dumped core" requires advanced programming knowledge and access to the source code. If you haven't done that before I will advice you not to go down that rabbit hole.


restart program when it crashes / closes by self

You can run the program as a daemon using the daemon command, which runs the program in the background, and will automatically restart it if it dies (using the --respawn option) :

daemon --name="yourservicename" --respawn --output=yourlog.txt yourprogram

To stop the daemon:

daemon --name="yourservicename" --stop

To install daemon:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install daemon


gpg-agent socket do not persist between session in Ubuntu 17.10

Enable lingering prevent systemd to clean /run/user folder after logout and resolve my problem

loginctl enable-linger USER


Problem Ubuntu putting out characters in both UTF-8 and ISO-8859-1

Probably you need setup few environment variables to customize programs to your language and country. Here you are an article about Locales. In short:

Run locale to check current values, they must match with PuTTY's translation settings.
If the translation in PuTTY is set to UTF-8 and (for example) your language is Bulgarian, you need to set bg_BG.UTF-8 into your locales (if it's not). You can do that through next steps:

generate missing locales:

sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8

reconfigure locales:

export LANG=bg_BG.UTF-8

Then you can adjust some desired locale categories. For example you can turn the translated terminal messages back in English via:

export LANGUAGE=en_EN.UTF-8

If the things looks right, you can put above (export) commands into the end of ~/.bashrc file and they will be loaded for each future session.
According to the @fkraiem's comment above for some apps (like as GNU Dialog) you must add and this line into the end of ~/.bashrc:

export NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS=1

Hope that will help.


rsync should work for you, try something like:

$ rsync -av /FileServer /backup

It won't delete contents of your source. Once successful you can simply remove your mount and format as needed.


Give Pritunl client a spin https://github.com/pritunl/pritunl-client and http://client.pritunl.com/


You can indeed use wine but wine has a special branch for gaming (well more like a fork from wine :P ) called playonlinux, check it out!


Command cd stoped to work in Ubuntu 13.04

I think creating this dir with mkdir -p /home/myname/Desktop is the only way. Maybe you removed it accidentally.


Wifi drops after ~ 5 minutes with RTL8821AE ... again

Solution: everytime there is a kernel update execute the commands of the given link in the question


It could be because you are using the Generic PCL 3 printer driver. Try changing that to the Generic PCL 6/PCL XL.

That's the one that's recommended, and I can confirm it works fine for me.


Automount external hdd in fluxbox ubuntu -12.10 commandline install

Since you are building from the Base system, it may be the case that the package needed for auto-mount have not been installed.

Try installing nautilus. (sudo apt-get install nautilus).

Since nautilus can mount your external drives, all packages required for mounting your external file-systems would have also been installed as dependencies.

Now, you can easily mount external drives by opening nautilus and selecting the relevant entry from the Left Pane.


How to turn up a linux bridge while booting ubuntu machine?

I am pretty new to bridging network interfaces myself, so i am not sure if this is the perfect solution: On your machine there is a file /etc/network/interfaces, in which your interfaces (and bridges) are defined. To this file, you can add the following:

 auto br0
 iface br0 inet static
       address 192.168.1.2
       network 192.168.1.0
       netmask 255.255.255.0
       broadcast 192.168.1.255
       gateway 192.168.1.1
       bridge_ports eth0

Be aware that this will assign a static ip to the bridge interface, and you may have to change all the IP adresses considering your network structure (e.g. change the gateway address to your gateway/router). The important aspects considering your question are the auto br0, which will automatically bring the bridge up on boot, and the bridge_ports eth0which attaches the bridge to eth0 as you wished. For further information on bridging interfaces, you might have a look here.


Instead of configuring every app with the proxy setting, setup a transparent proxy using a proxy server like squid proxy. After configuring the setting all the apps are redirected to squid automatically by the OS.

Following link will help you to setup a transpaent proxy

Linux: Setup a transparent proxy with Squid in three easy steps


Which Ubuntu should I install for >8GB RAM?

I would use Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit. They have really worked out most (all?) of the 32 vs 64 bit issues in the last few releases. I have been running 11.04 and 12.04 64-bit on several of our machines at work, and have not had any architectural related issues so far.


Kodi wont let me access Ubuntu or terminal

How about exiting the application? Then change your session type:


Due to the lack of information just guessing:

The hardware switch might be turned off; happens to my notebook sometimes...

Try enabling the hardware, then the software (if necessary)


LAMPP is just an easy way of running apache with php, mysql and some other stuff. If you were not using LAMPP, you would have to install and configure these (or an alternate webserver) yourself.
So in general, no.

You don't have to run lampp on system startup. It's as simple as opening a command line and typing sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start to start it, or sudo /opt/lampp/lampp stop to stop it.

I'm using Gnome Do a lot, and have made some scripts to help me. I have put launchers in my application menu to run these scripts, and can therefore start them from Gnome Do.

The script to start lampp and show progress via notify-osd:

#!/usr/bin/python

import pynotify
import os

pynotify.init('Lampp loader')

imageURI = 'file:///opt/lampp/xampp.png'
notifyString = "Powering up lampp\n"

n = pynotify.Notification("lampp", notifyString, imageURI)
n.show()
f = os.popen('gksudo /opt/lampp/lampp start')
try:
    for line in f:
        notifyString += line
        n.update("lampp",notifyString)
        n.show()
finally:
    f.close()

And the similar to stop lampp:
    #!/usr/bin/python

import pynotify
import os

pynotify.init('Lampp loader')

imageURI = 'file:///opt/lampp/xampp.png'
notifyString = "Powering down lampp\n"

n = pynotify.Notification("lampp", notifyString, imageURI)
n.show()
f = os.popen('gksudo /opt/lampp/lampp stop')
try:
    for line in f:
        notifyString += line
        n.update("lampp",notifyString)
        n.show()
finally:
    f.close()

Both require python and pynotify (sudo apt-get install python-notify).

To create a launcher, simply right click on the Applications menu, select Edit Menus, select a category to the left, and click the New Item button to the right. Put the path to the script in the command field, and make sure the file is executable.


I am answering only the authentication question.

sudo su is completely unnecessary.

For a single command (like cat /etc/shadow) you  just type sudo cat /etc/shadow and then you  give your own password. This will by default only be possible for the first user (the one created during installation).

If you are really convinced that you need a real root shell then type sudo -i, run the commands you need and don't forget to leave that shell again by pressing CTRLD.


Software Manager sometimes says "unable to download firmware updates" from a particular repository

As you say "sometimes** it returns this error"
It may be intermittent fault in your ISP server or site server.
Run ping cdn.fwupd.org whenever you have the fault.This should be something like

ping cdn.fd.org
ping: cdn.fd.org: Name or service not known

otherwise

ping cdn.fwupd.org
PING p2.shared.global.fastly.net (151.101.194.49) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 151.101.194.49 (151.101.194.49): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=44.8 ms
64 bytes from 151.101.194.49 (151.101.194.49): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=44.3 ms

If Software Manger shows error and ping is ok we can pssiblly try Software Manager server configuration.
To open Software & Updates run software-properties-gtk in  terminal.
In "Ubuntu Software" tab. Choosing some other server as shown below might help.

or maybe in Software & Update>Other Software>Canonical Partners is not selected. As below


What causes the error message "System running in low graphics mode" and how can I avoid it?

The most probable reason is a low memory work environment (When Ubuntu dosent have enough space to load everything.

What YOU can do:

1) Insert an ubuntu CD/DVD
2) Restart and use the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)


How to type umlauts with long key press?

Set up the US International keyboard with dead keys. Then 'a will give you á and "a will give you ä.

I use that too.


Booting or installing from Live USB fails

There is a known RdRand issue with latest AMD Ryzen 3700x, 3900x etc processors, as described in these AskUbuntu, and Phoronix threads 1, 2, and 3.

So until you get the BIOS fix from your motherboard vendor, you can either install and use Ubuntu 18.04, or install 18.04 first and then upgrade to 19.04.

In addition to Ryzen's RdRand issue, Gigabyte X570 motherboards could run into another issue of setting kernel option acpi=off, as detailed in this Askubuntu thread here.


Enabling IPv6 forwarding will disable IPv6 autoconf. Usually you want routers (devices that forward) to have static addresses.

This is documented in the Linux IPv6 HOWTO.

Here is the relevant part:

  forwarding

  Type: BOOLEAN

  Default: FALSE if global forwarding is disabled (default), otherwise
  TRUE

  Configure interface-specific Host/Router behaviour.

  Note: It is recommended to have the same setting on all interfaces;
  mixed router/host scenarios are rather uncommon.

  Value FALSE: By default, Host behaviour is assumed. This means:

  IsRouter flag is not set in Neighbour Advertisements.
  Router Solicitations are being sent when necessary.
  If accept_ra is TRUE (default), accept Router Advertisements (and do autoconfiguration).
  If accept_redirects is TRUE (default), accept Redirects.

  Value TRUE: If local forwarding is enabled, Router behaviour is
  assumed. This means exactly the reverse from the above:

  IsRouter flag is set in Neighbour Advertisements.
  Router Solicitations are not sent.
  Router Advertisements are ignored.
  Redirects are ignored.

By setting forwarding to TRUE your machine will behave like a router. You either need to force it to accept Router Advertisements (RAs) or you need to manually configure your addresses and routes.

To enable autoconf even when using forwarding use this:

  accept_ra

  Type: BOOLEAN

  Accept Router Advertisements; autoconfigure using them.

  Possible values are:

  0: Do not accept Router Advertisements.
  1: Accept Router Advertisements if forwarding is disabled.
  2: Overrule forwarding behaviour. Accept Router Advertisements even if forwarding is enabled.

Yes, it's a boolean with values 0, 1 and 2 :)


Actually to uninstall it, you simply override Ubuntu, such as reinstalling Ubuntu on that partition, installing another OS, delete the partition, or reformat the partition. Frequently reinstalling Ubuntu solves my problem.


How to kill a single thread from Terminal in Ubuntu?

You can't. Not without killing the whole process. From man 3 pthread_kill, a function used for signal handling:

NOTES
   Signal dispositions are process-wide: if a signal handler is installed,
   the  handler  will  be  invoked  in  the  thread  thread,  but  if  the
   disposition  of  the signal is "stop", "continue", or "terminate", this
   action will affect the whole process.

Also see this U&L post.


What Ubuntu / Linux podcasts are most helpful?

I also want to add a plug for the Ubuntu UK podcast. Produced by the UK loco team, more family friendly, but less controversial.


Edit May 13, 2019 - simple bash GUI script
I wrote this simple bash GUI script to change minimum and maximum frequencies:

Original Answer
Discover your Min/Max/Current Frequencies
To discover your frequencies copy and paste this command into your terminal (without the $ or # prompts):
$ sudo -i
# paste <(cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq) <(cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/cpuinfo_cur_freq) <(cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq) | column -s $'\t' -t
800000  900757  3500000
800000  921781  3500000
800000  857695  3500000
800000  904921  3500000
800000  816664  3500000
800000  845203  3500000
800000  892835  3500000
800000  844187  3500000
# exit
$

The minimum frequency, current frequency and maximum frequency is listed for each CPU. In my case it is 8 CPUs, in your case it will be 4 CPUs (dual core x 2 threads per core).
Values are listed in MHz with three decimals. So CPU 0 showing:
800000  900757  3500000

Minimum Frequency 800.000 MHz
Current Frequency 900.757 MHz
Maximum Frequency 3500.000 Mhz

How to reset Max Frequency
To change the maximum frequency lower (you can't change it higher) use this command to change it from 2200 Mhz to 1700 Mhz:
for x in /sys/devices/system/cpu/*/cpufreq/; do echo 1700000 | sudo tee $x/scaling_max_freq; done


Script for rsyncing to cloud drive (webdav)

Sorry for the late response, but in case it helps others, I wrote a small Python script to solve almost exactly this problem. It won't solve problem 4 -- I'm not sure what behavior would make sense there (if a new file is created that matches one of the segments of a previously split file, what should it do?), but otherwise I wrote it to do precisely what you're saying -- backup local files to a cloud provider.

At any rate, it's probably a good starting point that you could add the file splitting functionality to if you wanted. It's available here:

https://github.com/j4m3z0r/davsync

I've only tested it against a couple of WebDAV servers, and they all seem to have a slightly different interpretation of the protocol. Let me know if you find it doesn't work for you and I'll try to get it fixed.


What are the differences between mod-wsgi and libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3?

I quickly looked and it seems that package mod-wsgi is not an Ubuntu package. If you mention difference between libapache2-mod-wsgi and libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3, it only because the first use python 2 while the second one use python 3, so the version you have to install depends of the project language version.


What is the right way to write a .desktop file to launch app with a specific theme on Ubuntu 18.04?

In your desktop file, change the exec line to

Exec=sh -c "GTK_THEME=mytheme corebird"

Alternatively, if you work with the wrapper script, change it to:

#!/bin/bash
GTK_THEME="mytheme" /usr/bin/corebird "$@"

Beware that this approach to apply a different theme will work only with GTK3 applications.


www-data related: What's the difference between these usages of CHOWN?

sudo adduser jknoppf www-data and sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html:

The first one will add the user jknoppf into the group www-data, and the second one will change the owner of all the directories and files, including /var/www/html, into the user www-data, and also change the group owner into the group www-data. Since the permission for /var/www/html is by default 775, and the user jknoppf is in the group www-data, this user can have full access to all the contents inside.

sudo chown -R jknoppf:www-data /var/www/html:

This command change the owner of all the directories and files, including /var/www/html, into the user jknoppf, and also change the group owner into the group www-data. Since the permission for /var/www/html is by default 775, and the user jknoppf is the owner of the directory, this user can have full access to all the contents inside.

Remarks: the permission 775 means:

First 7: the owner of the file have full access to files, i.e. read 4 + write 2 + execute 1.

Second 7: all users in the group, which the group is owner, have full access to files, i.e. read 4 + write 2 + execute 1.

Third 5: all other people that are neither the owner nor the members of the group only have access to read 4 + execute 1.


Login loop after base update on Ubuntu 18.04.1

SO I WAS RIGHT.
Finally I managed to downgrade the gjs and libgjs0 to the previous version and solved my problem.

Now I have to prevent this particular update to happen...
HOPE PEOPLE WILL BE MORE CAREFUL WITH UPDATES...

Update:
I followed this link to roll back and prevent:
Is there any way to roll back the most recent upgrade?

Locking version from synaptic is also an option to block the updates.
Cheers


This resolved the issue:

zeitgeist-daemon --quit
rm -rvf ~/.local/share/zeitgeist/fts.index/
zeitgeist-daemon --replace


nvidia-smi and lspci display hexadecimal values.
nvidia-settings displays decimal values.
xorg.conf takes decimal values, that's why nvidia-settings seemed the correct one.


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS - Files not showing up in Nautilus, but can find using "locate" command

In doubt you may try to find out how locate works. Using "man locate" the third parapraph tells you that locate might give you answers for files that do not exist any longer. Try updatedb and I'm pretty sure you won't find that entry.


I have software (blender 2.76b) running as an "executable" from my home/documents folder. Should I move it to opt? ( (k)ubuntu 14.04)

If you are on a single user system, you can keep it where you wish.

I personally tend to use $HOME/bin for scripts or personal binaries, make the directory if needed.

You then make sure $HOME/bin is on your $PATH by adding the following to ~/.bashrc

if [ -d $HOME/bin ]; then
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

you can add a custom launcher if needed, see How do I add a custom launcher?

On a multiuser system where you want others to use it, it should be owned by root and put in a general location. Personally I use /usr/local but you can use /opt if you wish, personal choice really.

See The  Filesystem Hierarchy Standard with the technical difference between the two is discussed here - Use of /opt and /usr/local directories in the context of a PC

From https://wiki.debian.org/FilesystemHierarchyStandard

  /opt/ Add-on application software packages  Pre-compiled, non ".deb"
  binary distribution (tar'ed..) goes here. /opt/bin/ : Same as for
  top-level hierarchy /opt/include/ : Same as for top-level hierarchy
  /opt/lib/ : Same as for top-level hierarchy /opt/sbin/ : Same as for
  top-level hierarchy /opt/share/ : Same as for top-level hierarchy

  /usr/local/ : Tertiary hierarchy for local data installed by the
  system administrator /usr/local/bin : locally compiled binaries, local
  shell script, etc. /usr/local/src : Source code (place where to
  extract and build non debian'ized stuffs)

For example, some people use /usr/local/src for kernel source from kernel.org. I use $HOME so that I do not need to use root to compile the kernel.

Again on a personal or family computer it makes little difference. If you  are taking a RHEL certification test or working on a large corporate system it may.


Configure Thunderbird to use google contacts for suggestions

Please make sure in Thunderbird preferences, composition options, addressing tab, that address auto-completion has enabled the local address books option.


Cannot change monitor configuration without causing black screen

I've had a similar problem and I've found if you lower the resolution in the display settings and apply it before making any further changes you don't get black screens. You can then turn mirroring off and rearrange the monitors in the display settings. Once this is done you can reset the original resolution. I suspect the problem is somehow related to making multiple settings at once. This may not work for you but it's worth a try.
:¬}


Suddenly all notifications are huge and black

I ran Bleachbit and cleared everything. After rebooting everything works normal now.


Kernel build fails due to withdrawn Nvidia driver package

I worked around it by disabling Nvidia DKMS:
sed -i '/do_dkms_nvidia/ s/true/false/' debian.master/rules.d/amd64.mk


kubuntu 16.04 LTS: apt-get upgrade causes issues with login and black desktop with no toolbar

The solution to this problem was to add a repository with a new plasma desktop release and reinstall it fully from this repository:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y

For more info see: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2016/05/install-latest-plasma-desktop-kubuntu-16-04


Dash background (when no blur) after upgrade

CCSM options for Dash:

active blur (default) -> performance issues / buggy

static blur -> a workaround to set background https://askubuntu.com/a/79286/

no blur -> currently not possible to change background, no performance issues

For easier tweaking use UnSettings http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/11/unsettings-a-comprehensive-tweaking-tool-for-unity


Is there a patch/Upgrade for Apache CVE-2020-11984?

You already have it installed if you installed all security updates.
See:
Ubuntu 20.10 (Groovy Gorilla)   Released (2.4.46-1ubuntu1)
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)  Released (2.4.41-4ubuntu3.1)
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)    Not vulnerable (code not present)
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus) Not vulnerable (code not present)
Ubuntu 14.04 ESM (Trusty Tahr)  Not vulnerable (code not present)

What you are asking is not how Ubuntu works. Ubuntu patches current versions with a security fix (for the main repositories).


There are several ways to install 0 A.D., here are the easiest ones:

Personal Package Archives(PPA)
To install the latest 0 A.D. on Ubuntu, add its official PPA:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wfg/0ad
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install 0ad

The official 0 A.D. PPA, usually, only holds packages for supported Ubuntu releases, not End of Life (EOL) releases.
Note: In the newest Ubuntu, it also sports the latest 0 A.D. version. But, when a new release of 0 A.D. is out, you will need to add the PPA to update it. Ubuntu updates packages per a new Ubuntu release, with some exceptions. Read more about it here.

Snappy (package manager)
Next to the PPA, you can use snap to install 0 A.D. in a secure environment.
sudo snap install 0ad

If you haven't installed snap, please see the installation guide: Installing snap on Ubuntu | Snapcraft documentation

flatpak
To install 0 A.D. using flatpak, from the flathub repo, you need to have flatpak installed on Ubuntu, after you have installed flatpak, you can then install 0 A.D. from the flathub repo, like so:
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

For detailed information, see the flathub documentation.
After the installation of the flathub repo, you can install 0 A.D.:
flatpak install flathub com.play0ad.zeroad

What is 0 A.D.

"0 A.D. (pronounced "zero ey-dee") is a free, open-source,
cross-platform real-time strategy (RTS) game of ancient warfare. In
short, it is a historically-based war/economy game that allows players
to relive or rewrite the history of Western civilizations, focusing on
the years between 500 B.C. and 500 A.D. The project is highly
ambitious, involving state-of-the-art 3D graphics, detailed artwork,
sound, and a flexible and powerful custom-built game engine." - Wildfire Games

0 A.D. is a free and open-source RTS game for a variety of Linux distributions (although it is also available for macOS and Windows NT) including Arch Linux, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo Linux, openSUSE and Slackware. Despite this, it is still in alpha stage!
That being said, I noticed lag only on a low end PC/laptop. On a high end laptop, it took about 1000 units walking around my view to experience 'some' lag.

Personal pick. For more see: 0 A.D. media/wallpapers

Features
Below are some of the features available for 0 A.D.
Intense Gameplay

Cross-platform: 0 A.D. is set to run on Linux, macOS (specifically 10.7 and later) and Windows NT (specifically XP and later).
Unique civilizations: In 0 A.D. each civilization is unique in its appearance and game-play, including units, structures, and technology trees.
Citizen soldiers: Some infantry and cavalry units can not only fight, but also gather resources and construct buildings, making them substantially more versatile than in typical RTS games.
Combat experience matters: The more time your citizen soldiers spend fighting your enemies, the higher they go up the ranks. With each rank, they become stronger, but they also get worse at civilian tasks.
Technology tradeoffs: Some technologies are arranged in pairs, and within each pair, you can only research one technology at most in each game. This choice is irreversible, so choose carefully!
Unit formations: Arrange your units in historical battle formations from the Phalanx to the Testudo and gain bonuses, such as increased armor. However, beware the costs that may come with them, such as lower speed! (As of August 2012, this feature has not been implemented yet.)

Realism and Authenticity

Real world map realism: Random maps are based upon real geography of the ancient world with realistic plants, animals and terrain.
Authentic historical details: Designs of units, buildings and technologies all reflect the hallmarks of each civilization. We even give them names in the original ancient Greek, Latin, Punic, Celtic, etc.
Lifelike naval warfare: Ships will be on a much larger and more lifelike scale than seen in other games. They will move more realistically and even be able to ram other ships. (As of August 2012, this feature has not been implemented yet.)

Make the game your own

Translation and locale support: Play 0 A.D. in over a dozen languages.
Powerful map editor: Draw landscapes with a palette of hundreds of terrains, build majestic cities and set the position of the sun in the Atlas Editor, your tool to design intricately detailed maps in 0 A.D.
Excellent moddability: From new computer opponent behaviors to extra civilizations, easily create your own modifications (mods) of 0 A.D. by editing game files, all freely available in standard, open formats. You can install them by moving their contents to /usr/share/games/0ad/mods/<MODNAME>, where <MODNAME> is to be replaced with the name of the mod you are installing. You can find information on community-provided mods and download links for them, here.

0 A.D. Mods - mod.io

0 A.D. also has built in support for mod.io.
All 0 A.D. mods from mod.io can be downloaded/installed/enabled from inside 0 A.D. You can also view all 0 A.D. mods from the 0 A.D. mod.io page itself.

There are also some planned features that are still in the making, if your curiosity is tickled, give it a read.

System Requirements

Processor: 1 GHz Intel or x86 compatible

Memory: At least 512 MB

Graphics Card: Any supporting OpenGL 1.3 with 3D hardware accelerated
drivers and at least 128 MB memory, e.g., Radeon 9000, GeForce 3, or
similar

Screen resolution: 1024×768 or above

0 A.D. has a large following and has been featured in numerous websites, including my own:

WEB UPD8: Free RTS Game 0 A.D. Sees New Alpha Release

EuroBytes: 0 A.D. Alpha 14 Naukratis - EuroBytes

OMG! UBUNTU!: Historical Strategy Game 0 A.D. Looks to Crowdfunding for Future Development

Dedoimedo: 0 A.D. - Ancient civilizations clash, for free

YouTube Videos

Play 0 A.D. official YouTube page

0 A.D. alpha 0.0.14 Naukratis Gameplay [Part 1]

0 A.D. alpha 0.0.14 Naukratis Gameplay [Part 2]

Official road map
You can read the official road map, to see which release is in the making, when it is going to be released, and how many bugs are active, still.
Do note that the due date is for the feature freeze. The actual release happens when the bugs are fixed, which can take some time.

Reference

0 A.D. | A free, open-source game of ancient warfare
0 A.D. Alpha 14 Naukratis - EuroBytes
Free RTS Game 0 A.D. Sees New Alpha Release ~ Web Upd8: Ubuntu / Linux blog
Historical Strategy Game 0 A.D. Looks to Crowdfunding for Future Development - OMG! Ubuntu!
0 A.D. - Ancient civilizations clash, for free - Dedoimedo

Links

GitHub: 0ad/0ad
Trac: Wildfire Games
www.transifex.com: 0 A.D. localization

Text translations for 0 A.D.

bandcamp.com: 0 A.D.

Original soundtrack of Wildfire Games' 0 A.D., a free, open-source game of ancient warfare.

Mod DB: 0 A.D. Empires Ascendant Windows, Mac, Linux game
Indie DB: 0 A.D. Empires Ascendant Windows, Mac, Linux game


Unable to use two monitors simultaneously (18.10)

If you have one output connected to your GPU and one to your iGPU, and your iGPU is enabled in the BIOS for multi-monitor display, you can try to link-up the provider output source with:

xrandr --setprovideroutputsource 1 0

Bear in mind, it is still highly experimental, so your results may vary. Had good results with Intel HD Graphics chips in the past.


create multiple files made up of a range of values

I would suggest a simple for loop ex.:
for i in $(seq 1 10); do
  printf 'a %d\nb %d\nc %d\n' $((1+i)) $((0+i)) $((2+i)) > file${i}
done

giving
$ head file{1..3}
==> file1 <==
a 2
b 1
c 3

==> file2 <==
a 3
b 2
c 4

==> file3 <==
a 4
b 3
c 5


How do I pair with a bluetooth mouse via a USB dongle?

Explicitly set the pin to 0000 or whatever your mouse takes before starting the search, then you should be able to proceed.
If clicking on the bluetooth icon  in the notification bar shows a Bluetooth Mouse, click on that entry, and if it says connected, disconnect it.  Disconnect the mouse battery. Then repeat the icon click and click on connect, and repeat once more clicking on connect. Then connect the mouse battery, and it should start the pairing.  Sometimes there is a little button on the mouse to for the pairing also, but the battery disconnect seems to work better for me.
  Confirm that the btusb and bluetooth modules are present when you run

lsmod

When you look at the bluetooth settings, is the mouse connected but not paired?  This is what I see with my working bluetooth mouse.  Here's a heads up for you, 12.10 has more serious problems with bluetooth mice than 12.04.  My working mouse in 12.04 mouse loses its movement info to something in the notification bar, probably the battery indicator which added the bluetooth mouse in 12.10. Never any problems in 12.04, and it still connects just fine in 12.10, just doesn't work until I kill the notification bar.  Try removing other usb devices, try another usb port, (change batteries in the mouse?).


Variables in Bash have no type, so you need to check the content of the variable.

There is this post on stackoverflow suggesting this:

re='^[0-9]+$'
if ! [[ $yournumber =~ $re ]] ; then
   echo "error: Not a number" >&2; exit 1
fi

Apart from the accepted answer I especially like this answer, as it works for scientific notation:

isnum() { awk -v a="$1" 'BEGIN { exit(1-(a==a+0)) }'; }


16.04 Very slow starting boot due to wifi

Try entirely turning your internet off, and booting your system up. You don't need wifi to boot a system up.


Try sudo sed -i 's/load-module module-udev-detect/load-module module-udev-detect use_ucm=0 tsched=0/g' /etc/pulse/default.pa; pulseaudio -k


Need help in changing & saving screen resolution permanently in Ubuntu 14.04

take a look at here
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Config/Resolution
you may be able to find a solution. Good luck!


.htaccess is not working on Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS

I was facing same problem, here is solution for ubuntu and apache

First enable module rewrite:

sudo a2enmod rewrite

And restart apache

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Now edit for directory level

sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf

add these lines at end

<Directory /var/www/html>
    AllowOverride All
 </Directory>

and restart apache again.

sudo service apache2 restart


How to recover encrypted home after password changing?

Maybe this answer helps you:
Unwrapping passphrase and inserting into the user session keyring failed

I suspect that your passphrase has been wrapped using the "strong password" you could not remember. However, if you have your unwrapped Passphrase at hand, you could directly use it in the sudo mount -t ecryptfs command as in the referred question.

If that works, you can at least get your data out.


Scroll reverts to top or bottom of page after click

Looks like unfortunately this is a bug in Chrome:

https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=617834
https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=609748

Not sure if there's much to be done until they release a fix.


Package update error, but package seems to be installed

This is a confirmed bug-you can check the details here:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/fgfs-base/+bug/942886

This bug was fixed in the package fgfs-base - 2.6.0-1. Maybe your ubuntu distribution is too outdated if you still can't update it.


Windows is not detected by grub in Lubuntu after update

Thank you very much for sparing your time to answer my question.
My problem got solved after I installed boot-repair and gave recommended actions.

I reinstalled and now I can see windows back.


You could disable auto connect in network manager. It will not try to connect by itself.


How do I fix partition after messing up during install

I think everything's all right, just plug into the live usb , disable secure boot (if u don't know how , search google for "how to disable secure boot in lenovo) then after booting into usb , choose the option to install ubuntu alongside other operating systems. Just create a 50-60 gb free space, make 2 partitons as follows -
1)set space to 512 mb , choose use as (mount point) to boot(this is for bootloader)
imp** this is necessary for u to choose where to install the bootloader (it will be a big dropbox at the bottom ) choose the name of ur hardrive(always the top one if u have a single hard drive) dont choose other partitions as this may mess you up !
2)choose  all remaining free space and format it to ext4 and mount as "/" (root)
This will simply  install ubuntu alongside windows and you can fix other messed up parts later. [and ubuntu's bootloader(grub) will override windows bootloader (efi boot manager) this way u will be able to boot into windows using grub.]
if this doesn't work,please further describe your problem.


How ca I enable port to be accessible on public ip

I figured it out

My mistake that my python service was listening to port 8550 on localhost.

To solve this issue I changed localhost to 0.0.0.0 and that resolves the issue


Where to publish useful customised functions

Personally I would post in in a blog, ask friends to review the script, and once it has been tested a bit / debugged / reviewed, assuming there is sufficient interest, sure you can package it in a ppa.


Finally after a huge headache and serious digging with a lot of trial and error, I go it to boot with the DP.

It took about 4 times but finally got Nouveau uninstalled and got Nvidia drivers installed using this method.

It takes a little longer to boot, but at least I'm not constantly messing with different wires.


How to fix hibernate / suspend with proprietary nVidia driver?

Updating my kernel to the latest version solved the problem for my 1215n Asus


I have problems to install Skype after a distro upgrade

Try to select all the options in
Muon software center>settings>configure software sources>software sources>other Software
and then update, upgrade the sources, also try to select the best server in the settings. It will update all the sources. That's it. It will add the skype sources and will update the dependencies and then you can install directly from the software center.


How to delete files with the same extension in one go using rm?

easily use the expansion"*":

rm /path-to-directory/*.gch

This what is called filename expansion which use some special characters called wildcards.

suppose you have a directory containing the files (file, file0, file1, file01)

Some know wildcards:

The question mark (?) is a special character that causes the shell to generate filenames. It matches any single character in the name of an existing file.

example:

ls file?

The shell expands the "file?" argument and generates a list of files in the working directory that have names composed of "file" followed by any single character.

Then the output would be file0 and file1

The asterisk (*) performs a function similar to that of the question mark but matches any number of characters, including zero characters, in a filename.

now the output of the command:

ls file*

would be file, file0, file1 and also file01

The [ ] Special Characters  causes the shell to match filenames containing the individual characters within the brackets.

for example the output of the command:

ls file[01]*

would be:

file0 file1 file01

This is just a simple introduction for shell expansion, you can read more :

http://linuxcommand.org/lc3_lts0080.php
http://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_03_04.html


I guess that the directory /archive already contains a file called test.txt, maybe created previously by the root. If so, then you have to either remove it, or change the permissions accordingly. Try

chmod -R 766 /archive

This will change the permissions recursively for all files and directories in the archive.

However, what are you trying to accomplish? In most cases it is not necessary to set such permissive permissions.


Datamation's June 2012 article suggests that while GNOME has lost users, KDE has failed to pick them up:

  Over the last fourteen months, discontent with Unity and the GNOME 3
  series of releases have sent GNOME users galloping in all directions
  in their search for alternatives. Xfce and Linux Mint's Cinnamon and
  Mate in particular have benefited from this search. However, one
  alternative that users have not considered to any extent is KDE.

  Considering the years in which GNOME and KDE were considered the main
  desktop environments for Linux, this trend is surprising at first.

  Yet the trend seems hard to deny. Compare the results of
  LinuxQuestion's Members Choice Awardswith the statistics from previous
  years, and you’ll see that GNOME 3's release cost the desktop as much
  as half its users.

  However, the same comparison suggests that KDE is only at
  three-quarters of its pre-KDE 4 popularity.

  Read Full Article

Meanwhile, a question on unix.stackechange discusses why distros have historically bundled GNOME over KDE: Why do most linux distros default gnome?

It's difficult to get an accurate read on the popularity without relying on survey data.


How install bumblebee with nvidia-390 on ubuntu 18.04

I had the same problem. In my terminal I typed xserver-xorg-core and found that xserver-xorg-core wasn't installed. So, sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-core should do it.


By replacing the default VNC Server with the X11VNC component, you should be able to reconnect to your existing remote session.  You will be able to disconnect from your session and reconnect and find the same desktop session as before.  If you were working on a spreadsheet, you will be able to resume your work on it.  Cool, isn’t it

sudo apt-get install autoconf libtool libpam0g-dev libx11-dev libxfixes-dev libssl-dev
sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback
echo  ”gnome-session --session=gnome-fallback” > ~/.xsession
sudo apt-get install x11vnc

Update the /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini:

sudo nano /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini

Create a new section :

[xrdp8]
name=Reconnect
lib=libvnc.so
username=ask
password=ask
ip=127.0.0.1
port=5910

You should check these reference :

Reference 1 : How to reconnect to the existing session while using the xrdp package from Ubuntu Repository

Reference 2 : How to reconnect to the “same” remote session


Boot-up hangs unless I manually select the kernel in the bootloader

It seems that your /boot/grub/grub.cfg is missing quite a bit compared to the one that I have in Ubuntu 12.10.

I would suggest copying your /boot/grub/grub.cfg file to your home directory, run grub-mkconfig to create a new GRUB config, and then compare the two files to see if there is any difference.

For example:

$ sudo cp /boot/grub/grub.cfg ~/test.grub.cfg
$ sudo grub-mkconfig -o ~/test2.grub.cfg
$ diff -qy ~/test.grub.cfg ~/test2.grub.cfg

Make sure that any changes that were made didn't remove your Windows partitions. Then you can either copy the new test2.grub.cfg over to /boot:

$ sudo cp ~/test2.grub.cfg /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Or you can just run sudo update-grub, which will run sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg.


Unable to use GPU Ubuntu 20.04 CUDA 10.2

Nevermind managed to fix this, I was checking for errors in the middle or bottom while it appeared on the very first dsoloader line sudo apt-get install cuda-cudart-10-1 was all I needed lol


How to create and link a ~/bin folder to contain executables.

Just create a folder ~/bin. Add the following line in your ~/.bashrc,

export PATH=/home/$USER/bin:$PATH

Source ~/.bashrc from terminal as,

. ~/.bashrc

Put files with execution permission inside ~/bin.


How can I get my Acer Aspire One to boot up normally?

After you press ctrl+alt+F3 (or any of F1 through F6), just press ctrl+alt+F7 to get back to Xwindows. There is known bugs with the video chipset used in this model.


If you do man inittab in your terminal, all shall be revealed:

   The  /etc/inittab  file was the configuration file used by the original
   System V init(8) daemon.

   The Upstart init(8) daemon does not use this file,  and  instead  reads
   its  configuration  from  files  in  /etc/init.   See  init(5) for more
   details.


LANG is always local, ignores ~/.profile

According to this answer You should change language settings in etc/default/locale and ~/.pam_environment, not in ~/.profile

etc/default/locale is generated by update-locale so you do this to set LANG=en_GB.UTF-8 (the file also sets LANGUAGE)

update-locale LANG=en_GB.UTF-8

In ~/.pam_environment language settings look the same as in /etc/default/locale:

LANGUAGE=en_GB:en
LANG=en_GB.UTF-8

and can be edited as desired. You have to log out and back in or use source:

In general you have to log out and log back in for changes made to ~/.profile to take effect.

However, you can make them instant using source

source ~/.profile

Example:

I edit my ~/.profile to include:

export foo=bar

save and exit...

in a new shell:

$ echo $foo

(nothing)

$ source ~/.profile
$ echo $foo
bar

If nothing changed after logging out and back in, check that ~/.bash_profile and ~/.bash_login do not exist (because, as mentioned by @ByteCommander, if they do exist, ~/.profile is not sourced)

If either do exist, the best thing to do is probably to copy any commands from them into your ~/.profile and rename them something like ~/.bash_profile_old and ~/.bash_login_old, so that ~/.profile gets sourced (and you are not depending on bash being your shell)

If neither of them exist, it may be that ~/.profile is still not getting sourced for some reason:

See Eliah Kagan's answer here for more detail

The suggested workaround is to use... ~/.pam_environment


How do I get an LG Lic-300 webcam working?

I have found this page with a generic driver for this webcam's chip, I know its old but its worth giving a shot.

The problem with Microdia cams is really drivers, there is a huge list of user asking for them and trying to make them work and a very small list of users that actually made these work without problems.

The page you refer to is mostly provided for Creative Live! cams and none of those packages supports your cam.

Your device id (0c45:60fc) also does not show on the Ubuntu supported hardware list so it will be unlikely that you will this one working flawless anytime soon.

For a list of supported webcams in Ubuntu please have a look on this list.


Lost gtk theme style in login screen after Compiz crashed

I also had a similar problem with unity.I guess that is a problem with your graphics card.Compiz has problems supporting the 82G965 Chipset.

You can try to revive the menubar's look with the following command:

killall gnome-settings-daemon
gnome-settings-daemon &

On the other hand,try to login from the Ubuntu Classic Session,then install Unity 2D and then login again from the Unity 2D Session.


How to delete an attachment in an email in Evolution?

The feature is included in evolution version 3.x without any additional installation. But it took me a while to find out how I can do it. At least two ways to do it:
1. Right-click on the email with the attachment in the email list of one of your folders and you will find the "Remove Attachments" in the context menu.
2. Left-click on the email with the attachment in the mail list to mark it and find in the panel/main menu "Message" "Remove Attachments".

But unfortunately the most intuitive ways and where I looked for the command first does not work: Left-click context menu in the email itself and context menu of the attachment itself does not contain "remove attachments".


why USB sticks are invisible in NoviCorp wintoflash(windows software)

Follow these instructions to format the disk as FAT32 (readable by Windows):

Click the dash and search 'Disks' and open it.
Click your memory stick on the left.
Look at the titlebar of the window, and write down the part that says /dev/<something>, e.g. /dev/sdb.
Open the terminal and run sudo umount /dev/<something>*, replacing  with your disk (make sure to keep *), e.g. sudo umount /dev/sdb*. Don't worry about any warnings.
Go back to Disks and click the menu button in the top right, and select Format Disk. Choose Don't overwrite existing data and Compatible with all devices.
Click on the free space and click the plus.
Choose Don't overwrite..., Compatible with all systems... and pick a name.
Confirm this; when done, you should see it there. If there's a triangle in the bottom right corner, click it.

Now, open Wine config from the dash. Go to the Drives settings and click the autodetect button - this should make it detect your USB stick. When done, restart the application and it should work.


How do I remove "language support" entry, which is appearing twice under applications menu in Ubuntu Budgie 20.04?

I happen to find a solution. Found the entry for language support. Opened the file in VIM and added

NoDisplay=true

That seems to have fixed it.


Is there a way to send my IP packets to say node "r" inside network A from a node "y" in network B via SSH?

You need NAT for this. You have to configure NAT in your firewall. This might look something like this:

Source: WAN IP of A
Source Port: any
Destination: WAN IP of B
Destination Port: 22
Redirect to: LAN IP of B

You need to do this on both sides.

I hope that this is what you meant.


How do I set read/write permissions my hard drives?

for your 500 GB hard-drive (ext4) filesystem, you need to give the write and execute permission on /media/username/your_drive partition:-

sudo chmod ugo+wx /media/username/your_drive

Brief Explanation:-

sudo :- it will elevate your priviledges to execute the command.

chmod:- command to change the permissions

u :- user

g:- group

o :- other

/media/username/your_drive :- partition

For your NTFS partition please follow fossfreedom's advice.

Hope this is helpful.


Ok, strange, let's take a closed look what is starting the browser processes:

You say there are browser windows poping up on your desktop, every ten minutes or so, independent of whether you hav a browser running yourself, right?

We want to find out why it is occurring - so let's start with looking at which program runs the browsers.

If you run this command, it lists the process tree. It is similar to the more common ps auxf, but leaves much information out that we do not need here.

Please run it when you did not have a browser open, and shortly after a window poped up, while the window is still open:

ps -opid,etime,args --columns 80 xf

It lists your own processes only, as tree, so we can (mostly) see wich program has started which other.
The first column shows the process id, the second one the time that has elapsed since the programm was started.

The output is in a pretty compact form, so you can add it to the question.

[ to be continued ... ]

Based on the result, we'll continue to chase that ghost!


How stable/efficient is booting from a USB Stick?

I did this recently with a SSD in a USB 3.0 housing and it worked very well on a USB 3.0 port of a Lenovo S1 Yoga. I tested it with a USB 3.0 64GB key and it was not that smooth. Running it from USB 2.0 is too slow to work with.
I also tested it with Win 8.1 and Office - no problem like an internal HDD.

One thing: I could not install an anti virus scanner on win using the SSD in the case, with the USB Key it was not an issue. Error was; Need to be installed on a HDD. Probably that would not occur under Linux, just FYI.


upstart script is not picking system default environment variable

Upstart by default will launch jobs in a very restrictive environment.  My guess why it does this, for at least one reason, is that it can't assume you want to run the job as root, or any other given user. So it tries to be restrictive and secure by default.

See: http://upstart.ubuntu.com/cookbook/#job-environment


16.04 Lenovo x230i freeze on hdd activity

Probably you run out of RAM and your system start paging / swapping. Open a terminal (Ctrl-alt-t) and run top to see your system activity, including cpu and memory.


How to Search for Files Recursively into Subdirectories

You can do it with find only:

find . -name '*.xml'

. is the current directory. If you need to search in another directory, replace . with the directory path.


Problem with scanner Canoscan LiDE 120, image is black, ubuntu 16.04

That keyring stuff is expected when you add the ppa.

When you did sudo apt-get update, the list of program sources is refreshed, but no actual updates are done.

To actually incorporate the updates from the ppa, you must do sudo apt-get upgrade

Once you do that, as of today, if you do an apt-cache policy libsane and see this in the first line of the results

Installed: 1.0.27+git20171029-xenial0

then you will have indeed installed the latest software from that ppa.

I can't tell if this will actually help your problem, but there is a good chance it will.  It helped with our Canon scanner problems.

Note: It is possible that your question should be closed as a duplicate of the one you mention.  I'm choosing to interpret it instead as a question about you having difficulty incorporating the solution found in that question's answer.


Copy (cloud storage) icon doesn't appear on the Panel

Copy.com will work and the indicator will show on the menu bar but the pull down is useless in 14.04. Copy does know this 'and may' fix in an upcoming release. The best you can do is download the tar file - expand it to your home folder.

You will have a copy folder - note the lower case 'C'. Then open the enclosed folder according to your system, 32 or 64 bits. There is a readme file in the folder.

For my 64 bit box I opened the x86_64 folder and double clicked the CopyAgent icon (file), then signed into my Copy account. To be double sure I opened a terminal and navigated to ~/copy/x86_64 and ran

[code]

sudo ./CopyAgent installOverlay

[/code]

You should also see here: The indicator icon of Copy.com disappeared or the menu is unreadable & How to get copy.com notification icon on Unity on Trusty to work?


You could try some other tool, like sed:

$ sed "s/’/'/g" <a
We're not a different species
“All alone?” Jeth mentioned.

Or, since we are doing simple translation, use the y command for sed:

$ sed "y/’/'/" <a
We're not a different species
“All alone?” Jeth mentioned.

GNU tr doesn't work presumably because:

  Currently tr fully supports only single-byte characters.
  Eventually it will support multibyte characters; when it does, the -C
  option will cause it to complement the set of characters, whereas -c
  will cause it to complement the set of values.  This distinction will
  matter only when some values are not characters, and this is possible
  only in locales using multibyte encodings when the input contains
  encoding errors.

And ’ is a multibyte character:

$ echo -n \' | wc -c
1
$ echo -n ’ | wc -c
3


How to move all my configuration to a new installation?

The easiest answer is to clone your disk(s) and just copy them to the new computer.
When doing this, I prefer to use Clonezilla, a live Linux distro that can be run from USB or DVD.
First, download Clonezilla Live and write it to a USB or optical disk. Then, boot to the live instance of Clonezilla and copy the old disk to the new disk. It's pretty self-explanatory and the OS is easy to use, as well as well-documented. Do note that you may need to boot with noacpi, nomodeset, or whatever additional commands you'd have normally used and Clonezilla works the same way as most other live OSs in these regards.
You can easily do this by just hooking the new drive up to the old computer by either opening the old computer up or by using a USB drive-caddy.
That's about it. It's remarkably easy. If you have any questions about using Clonezilla, it's well documented here.


How do i put ubuntu onto a laptop through USB

You cannot simply put an ISO file onto a flashdrive and boot from it. You need to make it correctly. There are instructions on how to make a bootable Ubuntu installer on a USB stick at:
How to create a bootable USB
stick on Windows - ubuntu.com
How to create a bootable USB
stick on Mac OS X - ubuntu.com

And if for some reason you need it: How to create a bootable USB
stick on Ubuntu - ubuntu.com


Ubuntu minimal install ISO with LUKS support?


Yes, the changes will be permanent
No, you don't need to use a primary partition. Yes, you can create any type of partition during the installation
This should not happen, if it happens this is a bug in the installer. However, if this happens you can always boot from the USB again and to re-install GRUB on your hard drive.


You cannot intercept the already existing stdin of a process, at least not the way you are trying. See Writing to stdin of a process for details.

There are two basic options to control a process from another using stdin but they must be specified when launching the process.

Input from a file (script)

If you can prepare the whole input before launching the process to be controlled, create a file and use it as the stdin of the controlled process. Example:

$ cat commands
give 1 shotgun to player
shoot

$ ./start.sh < commands

Input from a process

If you use another program to issue commands that control your process, connect them both using the pipe symbol (|). The following example shows how to simply control when to issue the commands.

$ cat controller.sh
#!/bin/sh
sleep 5
echo "give 1 shotgun to player"
sleep 2
echo "shoot"

$ ./controller.sh | ./start.sh

This way you can also use echo as you tried to simulate the script option without using any script file:

$ echo "give 1 shotgun to player\nshoot" | ./start.sh


Broken characters and gnome applications

I have resolved this issue by the worst path: Reinstalling Ubuntu.
Tried to do so many things with QT but nothing seems to work.
Still waiting to see if someone in the future had another way to address this.


Issue installing LTS-20.04 onto HP Spectre x360 computer (dual booting with windows). Upon booting, grub does not appear

Edit: Updated answer for those searching

Try to extend the FAT32 EFI partition to 512MiB , grub has issues with small EFI partitions

If the grub2-efi is not present in UEFI , you may need to reinstall GRUB2(UEFI) , note  when you booted  ubuntu from usb/live  media did you boot via usb [UEFI] , if not you may have installed it via  mbr.
You need to launch ubuntu live and reinstall grub2-efi on /EFI partition

Go into gnome disks
Identify your disk
Click the play button on the EFI partition (should be FAT32 and sized ~100mb from windows install)
Take note of the EFI mount point (/dev/sda1 something like that)
Use command sudo grub-install /dev/sdX , where sdX is your EFI mount point

** Note that if you have an nvme drive  it will be something  like /dev/nvme0n1p1 instead of sdX , substitute accordingly

Use command sudo update-grub

**Important : use blkid command to check UUID of your efi partition, check if it matches  the value in your /etc/fstab entry , otherwise ubuntu will not boot , You may need to update the UUID especially if you have formatted EFI partition . (Eg: sudo blkid /dev/sdX)
From :https://linuxsuperuser.com/reinstall-grub2-efi-bootloader-ubuntu/
If it doesnt work , check this https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFIBooting#Install_GRUB2_in_.28U.29EFI_systems


Chrome stopped autofilling email and password fields after changing keyring permissions

I believe, this will help. I don't think the problem is directly related to the keyring. Try resetting your Chrome configuration. Open a terminal and delete the old config.

rm -r ~/.config/google-chrome

Then when you open chrome you will need to renter your google password and it will re-sync.

Or, if you prefer to have a backup of your old configuration, it would be something like

mv ~/.config/google-chrome ~/.config/google-chrome.bak


Ubuntu Server 18.04 weirdest connectivity issue - can ping externally but no internal connectivity

I've encountered this issue in the past with a raspberry pi powered web kiosk that was set to statically obtain an IP address that was reserved for another device, and the symptom was exactly as you described; could ping gateway, couldn't be pinged and couldn't ping anything on the network, but still had internet access. Since your server has two interfaces, try turning one off. My suspicion is that there could be a MAC address mismatch on the part of your router that is causing a problem with address reservation.

edit:
Upon some research it does indeed seem that your specific laptop has MAC address issues when it comes to its wifi chip.


Television on Linux with TV-Tuner? How can I find a way to use it?

If the upstream Linux master your kernel was built from supports your TV tuner, the driver is already installed. If there is no support in your Linux kernel, but out-of-master support elsewhere, I'd advise you not to bother trying until it gets committed to master. There is a reason it is not in master yet.

Digital TV

If you are in Europe, you need to use software supporting the DVB standard.

DVB apps (in order of decreasing user friendliness):

Kaffeine
Totem
Me-TV
Mythtv
Mplayer

If you are in North America, you need to use software supporting the ATSC standard.

Analogue TV

Use tvtime or a similar program.

Identifying a PCI card or USB dongle

A lot of products share the same chips for receiving i.e. DVB content. If your chip is supported in Linux, usually any card with that chip will work. Your marketing product identification information is often of no use.

To find out more information about the chip in your computer and what level of support it has, use lspci if it is a PCI card, use lsusb if it is a USB dongle.

Usually if you Google the PCI ID with the word "Linux" you'll get relevant results.

I.e. if you have a device with the PCI ID 15a4:9016, Google it, and you will find the relevant chip name and information.

See also

Which application do you recommend for watching TV (DVB)?
What software is available to use TV tuner card?
What app do i need to watch tv on ubuntu?


How to find run time of a program from commmand line?

Use time [programname].

Example:

host:~$ time dmesg

[massive gob of dmesg output]

real    0m2.630s
user    0m0.000s
sys     0m0.030s


Assuming that you're using Unity, try you might want to try:

compiz --replace & disown

and then

unity --reset

in the terminal (http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1755587).
If that doesn't solve it try looking at video drivers https://askubuntu.com/a/70440/38945.


How can I sort files in Nautilus by modified date?

It is simple. From the Menu Bar, click View -> Arrange Items -> By Modification Date :)

Alternatively, depending on the view of your File Manager, you can simply do one of these:

From Icon/Compact View

Right-click on an unoccupied area of your File Manager, select Arrange Items -> By Modification Date

From List View

Simply click Date Modified in the bar on top of file list.

To choose between ascending and descending, you can click on the Date Modified in the bar once again, or use Arrange Items -> Reversed Order from View menu or right-click menu.


After I change some options in petalinux(yocto), I find what are these ttys.It consists of two parts, one is Virtual terminal, the other is PTY.

I disable Virtual Terminal and set number of PTY to 5(the default value is 256), then there are only 11 ttys in /dev.

BTW, ssh will failed if I just disable PTY.


Having multiple directory options is fully supported. A site may have many directories, to which different settings shall be applied.

If it's for testing and development, running everything under the default site is not really problematic. However, it may limit your ability to run further sites, depending on your set up. If it's production, I would suggest to set up a proper VirtualHost for each and every site.


Ubuntu network performance on over 2k connections

3k threads simultaneously

There is your problem.  You need to redesign your application to not use an insane number of threads, which are all competing with one another for resources.  See io_submit() and friends for how to send the kernel an IO request without blocking the thread until it completes.  You can also use setsockopt() to set the kernel buffer size to zero so that it won't waste time copying data back and forth between your buffers and its own.  Of course, you will need to make sure to give it multiple pending IO requests at the same time so that as soon as it finishes one it already has another to move on to completing.  By doing this, you can have a single thread ( or one per cpu core anyhow ) manage all of the IO on thousands of connections without the overhead of switching between thousands of threads.


'Activation of wireless network connection failed' error with a BSNL BroadBand modem# DNA-A211-I

Install wicd network manager. It should work. It's available in Ubuntu software Center.

Its all in the signal strength. The Network Manager would oscillate around -28db to 70db (meaning a large fluctuation). And with Wicked (WICD), it's around a -70 tops.

I would recommend to install EtherApe or WireShark to analyze your network connection.

sudo apt-get install wireshark

sudo apt-get install etherape


can't scan videos with mythbuntu 12.04.2 + updates

Found the issue.  This is what happens when you set the IP address for mythtv to 192.168.1.10 and the master server IP address to 127.0.0.1.  Set them both to 192.168.1.10 and videos scan just fine.  Problem resolved.  Hope this helps someone!


Wireless Network Manager command line ncurses GUI

Try nmtui. It's provided by Network Manager installation along with nmcli, and  seems to have been available for quite a few years: https://github.com/heftig/NetworkManager/tree/master/tui


I know this thread is old, but I came across it in my own search when trying to solve this problem for myself, and I found a solution that worked for me when none of the other answers had so I needed to share!

I had dual-booted Ubuntu on my laptop alongside Windows 10. I decided to remove Ubuntu, and had deleted it's partition, but grub still kept interrupting my boot loader. After trying numerous suggestions left on forums, I finally just came across an insanely simple, and graphical way to remove it on my own lol. (So, disclaimer, I have no idea if any other versions of Windows has this option or not)

But all I did was F12 while the computer was booting to get into the boot options. And under Other Options I selected BIOS Setup. On the left-hand side I selected Boot Sequence and right there it listed my different boot options, and I could select them to change their order or remove them or whatever I wanted. All I had to do was make sure only "ubuntu" was marked, and then I clicked Delete Boot and exited. It continued to the log-in screen and I restarted my laptop just to double check it solved my problem and it had!


Determine if a service is really running

Solution

Translated from: https://forum.ubuntuusers.de/topic/laufender-service-ja-oder-nein/

  This is a very good example of why you shouldn't use the service
  command since systemd (and thus systemctl) was introduced.

  You can look at the source code of the service command
  (/usr/sbin/service). With the --status-all option, this script changes to
  /etc/init.d and executes each executable file located there with a
  previously defined environment and the argument status. From this
  call, the return value and the output are saved.

  A service receives the marker [+] if the return value of the executed
  program is 0 and the length of the recorded output is not zero. Before
  that, it is tested whether the output of the executed file contains
  the string usage: (upper and lower case is ignored) in order to use
  the marker [?] to put. For all other cases the result is [-].

  Now an example:

/etc/init.d$ ls
acpid                console-setup.sh  grub-common        lvm2           mdadm-waitidle  plymouth-log    ssh
apache2              cron              hwclock.sh         lvm2-lvmetad   networking      procps          udev
apache-htcacheclean  cryptdisks        irqbalance         lvm2-lvmpolld  nfs-common      rpcbind         ufw
apparmor             cryptdisks-early  iscsid             lxcfs          open-iscsi      rsync           uuidd
apport               dbus              keyboard-setup.sh  lxd            open-vm-tools   rsyslog
atd                  ebtables          kmod               mdadm          plymouth        screen-cleanup

/etc/init.d$ ./apache-htcacheclean status
 * apache-htcacheclean is not running

/etc/init.d$ echo $?
0

  If you ask service directly about the status of a service, it will
  instead be passed through a systemctl, which can then give a much more
  correct answer.


Last update broke program, how to revert?

The solution I found was to re install version 2.3.0-1 (lyx - 2.3.0-1~artful~ppa1 in this link). For that, I manually downloaded the packages fonts-lyx_2.3.0-1~artful~ppa1_all.deb, lyx-common_2.3.0-1~artful~ppa1_all.deb and lyx_2.3.0-1~artful~ppa1_amd64.deb from here (which indeed is part of this). Then I removed the 3 corresponding packages from my computer (manually using Synaptic) and finally I installed the downloaded packages using "right click --> software manager". Now I have Lyx 2.3.0-1 in Xubuntu 18.04 happily running, and will not update for a long time.


Firefox has an extension for a tabless, no-address-shown window, https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/popup-window/

After installing that, install another extension,  https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/web-app-mode/


In the provided log output we can see that the client and server are using different OpenSSL versions:

client: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.8
server: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.7p2

Which in this case was the reason that the connection got closed.
OP removed SSH server and installed the correct version which resolved his issue.


Take a look at this:

http://www.tuxradar.com/content/take-linux-filesystem-tour

It covers most (if not all) of the important root directories in UNIX-Like systems, and should help you understand what they're all for.


Try this. Use copy/paste ALL of the text, to update your .yaml file.

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens3:
      addresses:
        - 5.157.82.219/23
        - 185.37.68.40/24
      #gateway4: 5.157.82.1 # not used with routes
      routes:
        - to: 0.0.0.0/0
          via: 5.157.82.1
          metric: 100
        - to: 0.0.0.0/0
          via: 185.37.68.1
          metric: 100
      nameservers:
        addresses:
          - 5.157.86.220
          - 5.157.87.220
          - 5.157.86.221

sudo netplan --debug generate

sudo netplan apply


GTK3 apps looks poor, cant use installed themes in Gnome 3.20

First, don't ever install different desktop environments on a computer you use daily. I have always found the claims about compatibility to be false crapware advertisement. ( not saying Ubuntu is cr*p at all )

That points to Purge all desktop environments except one and reinstalling The Chosen One to run the automatic configuration. Haven't done that myself. So you'll need to get familiar with CTRL + ALT + F1 first, in case you need to try the default desktop environment and additionally, uninstalling the default in the first place will uninstall many things so try keeping the default one, I think that's what the distribution author wants.

Easier than that use Ubuntu GNOME instead. No need to remind that Linux distributions can be tested before installation and should be. Don't expect the experience of Mac nor Windows in Linux or BSD operative systems. Here in the other side you get better results from understanding what you're doing, if you don't have the time to dive in all techie stuff then get a friend or hire someone. You could also buy a computer preinstalled with your OS of choice but I think it's not allowed to refer products here.

I don't plan to buy Linux pre-installed for the lack of UEFI but that's me.

Well I know apps got no money XD


How can I make my laptop's password-less guest account automatically attempt to connect to any and all open wireless networks?

First thing probably would be to make sure that wifi was enabled and up at boot then drop a bash script into the start-up programs that will search for and attempt to connect to avaliable networks. I haven't been able to find one that does that "specifically" but I found this Bash script for wireless which will output a list of available essid's if you then loop through those with this

    ifconfig wlan0
    iwconfig wlan0 essid NETWORK_ID key WIRELESS_KEY
    dhclient wlan0

might take a bit of "bashing" to get it to work smoothly and you might want it to repeat the operation every few minutes. Plus it would be good to have the ability to switch on and off the script depending on whether you are traveling or not.

Hope this gives you some idea's.


How to distinguish pts between tty1 and tty7?

pts devices are considered virtual. Meaning, they do not have a bound TTY -- instead, they are virtualized through X or SSH.

Therefore, one can safely assume that a pts is always on TTY7 (your X session), a Screen session, or an SSH session.

Otherwise, the system has no way of distinguishing what super-process owns a PTS because the system doesn't really care what called a PTS -- it only cares about what's actively using it, as you can see in the COMMAND field.


HDMI Sound Cut Out Until Relog 12.04 / AMD HD 6450

According to the AMD Developer Central, its a bug.  You can read more about it  Here.


Exactly what is the definition of Ubuntu's airplane mode?

from https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FlightMode

  Flight Mode ( aka "Airplane Mode" ) is a global control that can be used to turn all transmitting-capable radios on the system off at one time. In the case of a phone, this can include:

  Wi-Fi
  Bluetooth
  C>ellular
  NFC
  GPS ( on some devices GPS is blocked, but as it's a non-transmitting device, this doesn't make much sense )
  Once airplane mode is enabled, certain radios are allowed to be re-enabled (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth), however the re-enabling the cellular radio is not possible while airplane mode is active. When airplane mode is disabled, any radios that were disabled when airplane mode was activated, will be re-enabled.

See the above link for further information.


sudo must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set

The Setuid bit is not set. If it were, the permissions would have an s instead of the first x:

$ ls -l /usr/bin/sudo
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 155008 Feb 11  2014 /usr/bin/sudo

Try using pkexec to set it correctly:

pkexec chmod a=rx,u+ws /usr/bin/sudo

Though I doubt that's the only problem you are going to have.


What is the recommended USB software to put an ISO of Ubuntu on USB?

The best application for making a bootable Ubuntu live USB from Ubuntu is the built-in Startup Disk Creator application because it is the most reliable of all such applications.

The best application for making a bootable Ubuntu live USB from Windows is Rufus. The official ubuntu.com website recommends using Rufus instead of UNetbootin. Step-by-step instructions for creating a bootable Ubuntu live USB from Windows are at How to create a bootable USB stick on Windows.

Rufus persistent storage partition is supported in 19.10 and later. Please upgrade Rufus to version 3.9 or later.


deb

We are a debian based system so our files end in .deb and lots of people call those "deb installer file" or "debian installer file".

And the page you refer to is Redhat; Debian/Ubuntu has its own page and even a page referring to the deb file format.

And the "package format" page lists them all:

Examples

.apk – used by Android
.appx, .appxbundle — used by Microsoft for packaging Windows 8, Windows 8.1, and Windows Phone 8.1 applications.
.deb — Used by Debian and its derivatives, such as Ubuntu, Xubuntu.
ebuild — Used by Gentoo Linux.
PISI — Used by Pardus and derivatives such as Pardus-Anka and Pisi Linux.
.pkg - Used by iPhone, PlayStation 3, Solaris
PUP and PET — used by Puppy Linux
QPKG — Used by QNAP NAS devices.
.rpm — Used by Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, derivatives such as CentOS and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
SLP — Used by Stampede Linux.
.tar.xz, .txz — Used by Arch Linux's Pacman package manager.
.tgz, .txz, .tbz, .tlz — Used by Slackware.

And to make this future proof: We are switching from a debian installer to Snappy:

  Our plan for 15.10 (which is still being finalised, and will be discussed in more depth at UOS in a couple of weeks) is to have a build based on Snappy Personal and so the current .deb based Desktop Next image will be going away and will be replaced with the new Snappy version.


Execute a command whenever Ubuntu starts

You have done well so far. The No write since Last Change(add ! to override) means you have written something and are closing without saving so the editor assumes you don't wish to save your changes and offers you the option of doing so with :q!. Now you need to use :wq to ensure that the changes are written then the editor is quit or exited.

Where its a nano editor as I noticed crontab uses this please do the following:

To save: Ctrl+o, then press Enter
To close: Ctrl+x