How do I mount an EncFS volume at /media/username/mountpoint?

Got an answer from the developer:

  The message is misleading here. As you can see, you don't have write permissions in /media/username. That means that GEncfsM can't create the mount-points. To fix this use:

sudo chown username /media/username

  It will then read:

drwxr-x---+ 5 username root 4096 Dec 17 10:29 username

  ...

  If you want to put all mount-points per default there, you can then adjust the variable mount_dir_base in the advanced preferences to /media/$USER. GEncfsM has to be restarted after the change.


After booting Ubuntu on USB every files lost from desktop on next boot

This is how a Live USB or Live CD is expected to work. Each time that you boot from them it starts afresh. That said you have a couple of options:

Copy the files to another place, like another USB pendrive or another hard drive.
Configure your USB disk to be persistent. Usually you just need to select "Stored in reserved space" when creating the USB drive (see picture). If you need some alternatives, please check this question.


How do I send files with netcat using find?

I figured out an answer with help from https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/389706/254118:

find -iname "*.json" -type f -exec sh -c 'cat $1 | netcat 127.0.0.1 6002' sh {} ';'


can i switch back to my normal android(the one provided by the phone) again after using ubuntu touch?

Yes you can, there's nothing with Ubuntu Touch that prevents that, the installation method however doesn't depend on Ubuntu Touch, it will be something that maybe your smartphone vendor can help you with.
Note, that the UBports Installer, now supports more than one Operating System, and if the community contributes with more configurations and images for other operating systems, it will actually be able to install other Operating Systems. As of today, the UBports Installer besides Ubuntu Touch can install install LineageOS on the OnePlus 2, more options of third party OS for more devices are expected to come for more devices, like VollaOS on the Volla Phone, etc...


Gedit3 plugins for ipython, htmltidy, zencoding?

I finally got ipython-listener running and a session saver plugin. I'm not 100% satisfied but it's good enough.

As a bonus, it looks like a lot of plugins have finally been ported to gedit3. Whew.


Here is an explanation about Ubuntu One conflicts: https://askubuntu.com/a/329495/61416

You can ignore some files and Ubuntu One will not sync them. Here is how you do that.


The specific error you're getting is because of the way you are trying to execute the script (and the rather strange way the script is written).

When a script is run, positional parameter 0 contains the name by which the script was invoked, e.g. path/to/start.sh - or simply ./start.sh if it is called from the current directory. The parameter expansion syntax ${0%/*} removes the shortest suffix from $0 matching /* leaving (respectively) path/to or just . and the script then attempts to change to this directory - in other words, to the parent directory of start.sh

However, when you use sh start.sh (as well as executing the script using sh instead of the intended /bin/bash), $0 equals start.sh. Since there's no matching /, ${0%/*} doesn't remove anything from $0, resulting in the script trying to execute the command cd start.sh which obviously fails because start.sh is a file not a directory.

The solution is to execute the script the way the author presumably intended - that is, by ensuring it is executable

chmod +x start.sh

and then executing it directly, e.g.

./start.sh


How much space to allocate to Ubuntu partition?

Ubuntu provides Installation/System Requirements here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

The suggestion there is to have at least 5GB of disk/storage space for desktop installations.

You will likely want more than that - though how much will depend on what you are using the partition for. If you are storing all your documents and media on the Windows 7 partition then you will only need space for applications.

For example, if you plan to store your email you will need the space for your email, as well as for the client you are using. The Thunderbird package is anywhere from 36 617 kB to 100 881 kB depending on your architecture (http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/thunderbird).

To get an idea as to how large the applications you want to install are, you can run the installation media (CD/USB) in live mode and start the "Ubuntu Software" program. This will show you the size of a package you select in the "Details" section. Alternatively you could search for the package description as done above for thunderbird.

If you choose a filesystem that can be grown (eg. ext2/3/4, btrfs, xfs, etc.) you can increase it later if need be (though be sure to back up your data first!).


New to Ubuntu and looking to find a stand alone desktop CRM...

I've found that the most user-friendly one is Dolibarr (http://www.dolibarr.org/), you can give that a try. Other alternatives include ERP5 (http://www.erp5.org/) and JFire (Which I don't have any personal experience with).


The mp3 format is not supported by the device

If you have not yet synced your iPhone with a computer running iTunes, you will need to do so first, before Banshee can properly sync to your iPhone.


Open the disk utility and check the SMART diagnostics.  Run the long self test and make sure you do not have any offline, pending, or reallocated sectors.  If you do, then the drive is failing.  If you do not, then it could be a bad cable or controller.


How do I take a screenshot from the terminal?

moved the OP's answer embedded in the question to here as a community wiki

In Lubuntu the command-line entry to take a screenshot is the following:

lxsession-default screenshot window


@Sebastian This truly works:
/mnt/rdisk  192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0(rw,sync,root_squash,subtree_check)


How to ensure systemd does not start a unit until udev has created the device node

[Service]
<...>
Requires=dev-mtd\x2dbyname-add.device
After=dev-mtd\x2dbyname-add.device

You have to put the Requires= and After= directives into the [Unit] section of the unit file. They will not work in either the [Service] or any other section.

An advice for future diagnosis: systemctl daemon-reload, like other systemctl verbs, writes its warnings and errors only into the system log and not into the systemctl's stdout/stderr (i. e. the console). systemctl daemon-reload, in particular, only reports failure on critical errors, like failure to talk to systemd. Hence it may be beneficial to manually check the system log with something like journalctl -e _PID=1 after any systemctl commands.


Trying SteamVR w/ SteamVR-OpenHMD on Ubuntu 20.04: subproject openhmd broken

Though Quest support is in the works by OpenHMD, it is not supported currently (as you can see on the device support list)
Best is to keep updated on the socials and keep an eye out on the commit logs.


Correct syntax of zipping all files and folder + hidden once, and exclude a single file

zip -r "/home/homeassistant/.homeassistant/backup-$(date +"%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S").zip" /home/homeassistant/.homeassistant/*

removing the * was answer to get all hidden files included.

adding -x *.db* excluded the db file

zip -r "/home/homeassistant/.homeassistant/backup-$(date +"%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S").zip" /home/homeassistant/.homeassistant/ -x *.db*

zip file is not only 4mb instead of 728 :)


Direct script execution on Ubuntu Server 15.10 skipping login screen

You have 2 problems here:

Auto-login to a command line session
Keeping the output of the script after its execution

I think the first problem can be solved like explained here: How to autologin (without entering username and password)(in text mode)

You have multiple options for the second problem.

Option 1: storing the output of the script in a text file, and displaying it at login

In order to do that, you need to redirect the output of the script to a file. You can do that by adding > /path/to/file when you invoke the script.

./yourscript.sh > /tmp/myOutput

Then, you add the following line into your ~/.bashrc file (create it if it does not exist), asking bash to read that file when you login:

cat /tmp/myOutput

The output of the last execution of the startup script should now be displayed each time you log into the system.

Option 2: using tmux (terminal multiplexer)

You can run the execution of the script inside a tmux session, and then, at login time, attach to that session. That way, you'll have the history of the execution.

Tmux is easily installable on Ubuntu with apt-get install tmux


Create alias with paramater in the middle

Aliases do not support positional parameters so you need to create a function (which you can put in ~/.bashrc). If you really want and alias, you could alias that function.

function grepMe(){
    grep "$1" ~/myfile
}

Then, if for some reason you want there to be an alias, you can make one for the function:

alias grepAlias="grepMe"


Using foreign keyboard without needing to press Alt Gr

Use the Lithuanian keyboard layout instead of Lithuanian (US, with Lithuanian letters).


unable to set execute permission for newly created file in ubuntu

Depending on whom you want to give execute permissions i.e. current user, group or all users.

The chmod command helps you do it based on the options you give it.

 chmod u+x filename: gives permission to current user
 chmod +x filename: gives execute permission to all users on the system.


How to make the effect of these two commands permanent?

You have a second conf file in /etc/modprobe.d/ telling it to use ant_sel=1
sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf
Reboot


As listed in comments from the question, I did install yaru:
sudo apt-get install yaru-theme-gtk

Then I selected the dark them from settings > Appearance and it worked
I obtained a similar yet different result by intalling gnome-tweak-tool and select the "ambiant" theme.
cheers !


The page Removing Firefox in Ubuntu with all add-ons like it never existed addresses Firefox installed using APT but in your case, it has been installed as a snap.

This can be checked using the command type firefox. If you get an output like /snap/bin/firefox, Firefox is installed using snap on your machine.

To uninstall Firefox which has been installed using snap, use the command:

sudo snap remove firefox


How to solve 'Oracle JDK 8 is NOT installed.' error, even though I have installed it before?

If you installed Java by a different method, and you are happy with your Java setup, then remove the webupda8 PPA that is causing errors:

sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:webupd8team/java

Then run

sudo apt update


When I manually install a .deb file dkpg removes other softwares

Each .deb file has dependencies or requirements that must be met.

As example I'll use featherpad (the Lubuntu text editor) on my current system.  You can view this online using

https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/featherpad

or via command

guiverc@d960-ubu2:/de2900/lubuntu_64$   dpkg -s featherpad
Package: featherpad
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: universe/editors
Installed-Size: 1382
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Architecture: amd64
Version: 0.12.1-1
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14), libgcc1 (>= 1:3.0), libhunspell-1.7-0, libqt5core5a (>= 5.12.2), libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2) | libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2), libqt5network5 (>= 5.0.2), libqt5printsupport5 (>= 5.0.2), libqt5svg5 (>= 5.6.0~beta), libqt5widgets5 (>= 5.11.0~rc1), libqt5x11extras5 (>= 5.6.0), libstdc++6 (>= 5.2), libx11-6
Recommends: featherpad-l10n, libglib2.0-bin
Description: Lightweight Qt5 plain-text editor
 FeatherPad is a lightweight Qt5 plain-text editor for Linux. It is independent
 of any desktop environment and comes with all features one would expect in a
 modern editor.
 .
 This package contains the application files.
Original-Maintainer: LXQt Packaging Team <pkg-lxqt-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org>
Homepage: https://github.com/tsujan/featherpad

The important bit here is the requirements (depends) rules must be met, ie.

Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14), libgcc1 (>= 1:3.0), libhunspell-1.7-0, libqt5core5a (>= 5.12.2), libqt5gui5 (>= 5.12.2) | libqt5gui5-gles (>= 5.12.2), libqt5network5 (>= 5.0.2), libqt5printsupport5 (>= 5.0.2), libqt5svg5 (>= 5.6.0~beta), libqt5widgets5 (>= 5.11.0~rc1), libqt5x11extras5 (>= 5.6.0), libstdc++6 (>= 5.2), libx11-6

Ubuntu (Canonical & community) spend a lot of effort ensuring packages don't have package conflicts; scripts pick up nearly all, but it's impossible to verify every package on a real running system.  I've been using 20.04, along with many others, since Oct-2019 so users of the system will have a stable system come release time, but end-users will still use systems differently to how us testers do.

More of an issue though is 3rd party (where the responsibility of testing is on you, or the third party who created the package), or users using packages packaged for one release (eg. 19.04) in a different release (eg. my 20.04 system).

Further 3rd parties often reduce their work and package once for debian (covering many releases), Ubuntu (covering many releases), Mint and others thus often not perfectly pairing with any one system, let alone the future when it comes to release-upgrade time. They saved themselves some work, by passing it to the users of those packages.

A final warning; avoid using the '-y' (yes) response to install or remove package commands.  Unless you're 100% sure you know what you'll be asked, you may be giving permission to something you don't intend.

To avoid dependency issues

use only packages intended for your release
never use the '-y' option unless you're 100% it's what you want
do your homework with 3rd party packages; they've no doubt reduced their workload by passing it onto you, meaning all checking is on you. If the same package works on multiple distributions or releases expecting issues is sort of expected. Some packagers are more careful & trustworthy than other..

fyi:  the extra spaces before my dpkg -s command where so the command doesn't get stored in my command history


Keyboard repeating only working for characters, not other keys

I rebooted into recovery console, ran fsck, rebooted and the issue had gone away. I don't understand why, so I cannot offer a good solution to the issue.


After installing Lubuntu in dual-boot with windows 10, I cannot access windows anymore

You will be better off in the future if primary OS is backed up prior to the installation of another.

First, preferably, we have to discover a path that let us boot you into Windows.

Assuming that Lubuntu filesystem has not overwritten any bit of Windows (highly probable) and GRUB is installed with Lubuntu on default you can let os-prober do the job.

To be on the safe side, change /etc/default/grub settings:

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true
# GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_HIDDEN=-1
GRUB_TIMEOUT=100
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false

Type into CLI:

# sudo update-grub

Check whether grub.cfg resides in /boot/grub/

If positive, try:

# sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

If os-prober (which should be on default turned on) found UUID of Windows bootloader partition, you can reboot the system, choosing Windows when dialogue appears just after BIOS.

If os-prober failed, we would manually provide GRUB with location of Windows bootloader partition.

To do this, we have to obtain Windows bootloader partition:

blkid

Probably it is in position of /dev/sda1:

/dev/sda1: UUID="SPX7ZJUBC2EN7FAH" TYPE="ntfs"

Now, as we know UUID, we have to adjust this piece of code:

#!/bin/sh
exec tail -n +3 $0
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.

# Windows 10 Pro 64-bit (loader) (on /dev/sda1)
menuentry 'Windows 10 Pro 64-bit (loader) (/dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os
$menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-SPX7ZJUBC2EN7FAH' {
     insmod part_msdos
     insmod ntfs
     set root='hd0,msdos1'
     if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  SPX7ZJUBC2EN7FAH
     else
        search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root SPX7ZJUBC2EN7FAH
     fi
     parttool ${root} hidden-
     drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}
     chainloader +1
}
set timeout_style=menu
if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then
   set timeout=10
fi
# End of Windows 10 Pro 64-bit (loader) (on /dev/sda1)

Change UUID (SPX7ZJUBC2EN7FAH) and position ('hd0,msdos1') of Windows bootloader everywhere.

Paste code provided into /etc/grub.d/40_custom and save.

Then, once again, put into CLI:

# sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Reboot.

Before you erase Lubuntu, try to change desktop enviroment for e.g. MATE:

Install MATE how-to

I think it would be enough for enriching your computer experience and would make all functionalities available easier.

Recommended reading:

GRUB Manual: 5. Writing your own configuration file, p.17 et seq.
GRUB Manual: 5.3. Multi-boot manual config, p.24.
GRUB Manual: 29. Invoking grub-mkconfig, p.99.
GRUB Manual: 32. Invoking grub-probe, p. 105 et seq.


Ralink Bluetooth not working in Ubuntu 13.04

If your Ralink Bluetooth devices is a RT3290, then you can follow this instructions:

Download this .zip archive from public folder:

http://downloads.zotac.com/mediadrivers/mb/download/NB087_Ubuntu.zip
Unzip it to any directory, cd $PATH-OF-YOUR-DOWNLOAD/NB087_Ubuntu/rtbth_v3.9.3/rtbth_v3.9.3/ and make bluetooth module:

sudo make
sudo mkdir /etc/Wireless/RT3290

...then copy necessary files in specified directory like this:

sudo cp rtbth.ko /etc/Wireless/RT3290/
cd $PATH-OF-YOUR-DOWNLOAD/NB087_Ubuntu/
sudo cp rtbt.bin /etc/Wireless/RT3290/ ; sudo chmod +x /etc/Wireless/RT3290/rtbt.bin
sudo cp 49rtbt /usr/lib/pm-utils/sleep.d/

Create startup script like this:

sudo nano /etc/init/bluetooth.sh ; sudo chmod +x /etc/init/bluetooth.sh

...past this into editor field and save:

#!/bin/bash
insmod /etc/Wireless/RT3290/rtbth.ko
mknod /dev/rtbth c 192 0
/etc/Wireless/RT3290/rtbt.bin
exit 0

..then edit your /etc/rc.local (do this with sudo) and add line /etc/init/bluetooth.sh before exit 0 line. This must look like this:

#!/bin/sh -e
/etc/init/bluetooth
exit 0

Test script by running and seek for errors:

sudo /etc/init/bluetooth.sh

Please do not forget to give execution flags and also for rtbt.bin.
Re-login or reboot machine and look for bluetooth applet in your taskbar

This is a typical scenario for installing Ralink 3290 Bluetooth Drivers, but this special version works for 13.04 based Ubuntu kernels. Look for this article http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2115570 for typical bluetooth driver installing.


First, reboot.

If you don't have a ~/Downloads directory, just create it like so:

mkdir Downloads

This should remain over a reboot.


How do I troubleshoot a LibreOffice outline?

Glutanimate basically solved it for me.

In trying to save out a bare bones version, I found that when I deleted one whole section, the numbering started working fine. Restore that section, the numbering breaks.

So the problem was that I had some wonky extra line that was not H1 but was numbered like H1 and throwing everything else off.


launcher, top panel disappeared and global menu & hud disabled

SOrry! Just got the answer here: Unity doesn't load, no Launcher, no Dash appears

Since Unity package was removed, the unity plugin in Compiz manager got disabled. So opening compiz manager and re-enabling the plugin did the trick.


Connection for controluser as defined in your configuration failed

Edit ../phpmyadmin/config-db.php

Change the following lines as follows:

 $dbuser='pma';
 $dbpass='<your pma user's password>';

From my more extensive post on this subject here.

Note, on Debian this file is here: /etc/phpmyadmin/config-db.php


According to this, the size of long unsigned int on 32-bit Unix is 4 bytes - can it be that the value is trimmed where you're casting fmaxlen to (long unsigned int)?


How to uninstall Ubuntu 14 from Chromebook?

To uninstall, we just need to delete the installation directory.

To do this, Ctrl+Alt+t to enter terminal, start shell with
shell and press enter.
Next, execute sudo delete-chroot trusty

This will remove the installed Ubuntu on chromebook.
To remove crouton tool, delete the crouton script under /Downloads.

Also, if not using any other OS with crouton, then enable the OS verification in Chrome OS by pressing Space while booting and accepting the change. Make sure to backup since turning on OS verification will cause loss of local data and Chrome OS will reset. (Any previous settings and Apps will installed after signing in and syncing again.)


When minimized lxpanel's 2nd level selection is unselectable

I asked the Lubuntu Release Manager about this issue (I'm well connected, I know, but I help the Lubuntu team with some of their infrastructure so...), and they indicated this is a known bug already.

However, there is also known that LXDE's team more or less doesn't provide good fixes in a timely manner for LXDE bugs, and that has driven them to move to LXQt for 18.10 and further.

There isn't currently a fix currently stated by their teams at the moment for this issue, nor is there a known workaround.  However, it is confirmed that this is a currently unfixed bug.


How to skip "please [Enter] to continue" during automating apt-get install?

you can use -y option like $ sudo add-apt-repository -y [repo].
before start asking questions, see the man pages for softwares.
Update:
You can use man add-apt-repository for getting more information.


How to disable my APU and use the GPU (AMD Radeon) open source driver instead?

I only found a way to activate it dynamically when needed; this answer is a rewording/restructuring of my two previous answers here and here --- these were more oriented on the temperature sensors on the ATI card so I think it's worthwhile to post this answer here.

In recent (3.13+) kernel the discrete driver is normally disabled:

[:~/Pictures/2014] 1 % sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch
0:DIS: :DynOff:0000:01:00.0
1:IGD:+:Pwr:0000:00:02.0

...but ready to start when needed. To enable the offloading of graphical tasks to the discrete card, you have to enable it before:

List the graphic providers:

xrandr --listproviders

which gives:

Providers: number : 2
Provider 0: id: 0x79 cap: 0xb, Source Output, Sink Output, Sink Offload crtcs: 2 outputs: 4 associated providers: 0 name:Intel
Provider 1: id: 0x53 cap: 0xf, Source Output, Sink Output, Source Offload, Sink Offload crtcs: 4 outputs: 0 associated providers: 0 name:radeon

...and sometime duplicate entries with the same id.
Make a note of the id hexadecimal codes and
activate them:

xrandr --setprovideroffloadsink 0x53 0x79

(you have to substitute the codes of the ATI and Intel providers, in that order --- at least I think)

Now you can activate the card for a graphical application by setting the DRI_PRIME environment variable. For example by opening another windows and starting glxgears in it:

DRI_PRIME=1 glxgears -info

and check again while the above is running, you should  have:

[:~/Pictures/2014] % sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch
0:DIS: :DynPwr:0000:01:00.0
1:IGD:+:Pwr:0000:00:02.0

which means that the card is ON.

A lot of info is from this Arch forum entry and this Arch doc page (hat off to Arch for the quality of documentation and for having it up-to-date...).


Cannot connect to wifi with RTL8188CE - only LAN option shows up

Your wireless adapter is hard blocked.

You can do these steps to fix it:

Look if there is a hardware switch on your laptop and enable it.
Reset BIOS to defaults.

If 1 and 2 don't resolve the issue, run in a terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-hp-wmi.conf <<< "blacklist hp_wmi"

and reboot.


At first you have to fix the network or mirror connectivity problems. You can change the actual mirror in the Software & Updates (software-properties-gtk) application
Then remove problematic PPA which does not provide packages for your Ubuntu release, update package lists and install Terminator from official universe repository:
sudo apt-add-repository -r ppa:gnome-terminator/ppa
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install terminator


Touchpad issue after ubuntu 18.04 upgrade

I'm having the same issue. XIAOMI AIR 13.

Before ubuntu 18, my touchpad only had his left button click working plus two finger touchpad and the right button was disabled. After 18 update, touchpad is working and also both buttons. But, the two fingers scroll stopped working. I'm struggling to get the two fingers scroll working again.

try this: remove readd the touchpad.

sudo modprobe -r psmouse
sudo modprobe psmouse


You can use the last part of each lines in .ssh/authorized_keys is intended for comments. From man sshd:

  Protocol 1 public keys consist of the
  following space-separated fields:
  options, bits, exponent, modulus,
  comment. Protocol 2 public key consist
  of: options, keytype, base64-encoded
  key, comment.

And to answer the question, I use vim but any editor should do it.

My comments usually contains:

creation date
physical location: creation computer / USB stick (I prefer not to move private key but generate/revoke them and know where they are)
1-2 words about purpose (for which login, for which client, for which script)


In VLC, in Audio settings, I chose Reverse Stereo, and suddenly I got sound back!

Following that: Left, Right, and even regular Stereo now work.


Custom directories in Nautilus' Copy to and Move to menus

You can use Nautilus Scripts to have "Copy To" and "Move To" in right click menu. This is not exactly what you want, But a workaround.

What are Natilus Scripts?

Scripts are typically simpler in operation than full Nautilus extensions and can be written in any scripted language capable of being executed on your computer.

How to use?

Using Nautilus Scripts is very easy, You don't have to install any extra package. Just download the scripts and place them inside Nautilus Scripts folder that's it.

Follow these steps to setup "Copy To" and "Move To" in Nautilus right click menu.

Open Nautilus and hit Ctrl+H to show hidden files & folders. Navigate to ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts
Create two new empty documents with the name "Move To" and "Copy To".
Copy the source of "Move To" and "Copy To" scripts and paste inside respective files that you've just created. Save both files.
To make both files executable right click on each one and select properties, Under "Permissions" tab enable "Allow executing file as program". That's it!

More Nautilus Scripts:

You can download many useful Nautilus scripts from hare.

Gnome-Look


Upgrading 18.04.5 to 20.04 LTS also upgrades postgresql?

when you do an upgrade of the ubuntu OS version, many other packages are also updated
you can see the version of the postgresql package in each ubuntu release here : https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=postgresql
at this moment : 18.04 -> postgres 10 & 20.04 : postgres 12


All my programs closes after I close the laptop

Note: Suspend works on RAM, therefore you should have enough RAM to sustain all your open apps otherwise 'suspend' won't work properly. See the output of free m with all the apps usually open when you 'suspend'.

Check System Settings > Power

Open terminal and run:

sudo apt install pm-utils

and

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power lid-close-ac-action 'suspend'
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power lid-close-battery-action 'suspend'

If that doesn't  work:

sudo gedit /etc/systemd/logind.conf

and uncomment (remove "#") from the lines

#HandleLidSwitch=suspend
#HandleSuspendKey=suspend
#HandleLidSwitchDocked=suspend
#HandleHibernateKey=suspend


Banshee player would be a better option because the user interface for handling music players is similar to Itunes. It probable will be the most user friendliest music app I've seen.


Zenity and the entry option does not support the "pango" markup options.

error, info, question, warning are the only options that support these markups.

If you examine the man page for zenity - those options can have the pango markups turned on or off.

FYI  this link gives you the markups supported: http://developer.gnome.org/pygtk/stable/pango-markup-language.html

The only suggestion I can make is to make this request upstream to the zenity developers


No sound in Ubuntu 18.04 on Xiaomi notebook pro

Open alsamixer and check if the channel has been muted.

Often it will show up there as muted even if it doesn't elsewhere.


Ubuntu 16.04 - Logs in then immediately logs me out

Did you update your kernel with a recent update? Then you have to recompile the nvidia driver since it won't work with the new kernel out of the box.

Just reinstall your nvidia driver and that should fix the issue.


How can I recover my Empathy Internet messaging keyring password? It asks me at starting it

Try looking at seahorse:
Open a terminal and type:

seahorse


How can I get rid of duplicate icons in /usr/share/applications?

Desktop Entries are either created by the applications or by the user as per his convenience. Not all Desktop Entries refer to application. Remember it might happen a user has created a script and to run that he used a Desktop  Entry. So not all desktop entry refer to application. It is also to be noted that not all Desktop Entries are in /usr/share/applications.

are these all my applications installed in the system?

Most probably yes if all these are created by system/application itself. Desktop entries are created at the time of installation of a software (if software knows how to create that like Google Chrome does but Netbeans doesn't).

deleting icon in below pics, means uninstalling it from the system permanently?

Not really. You are just deleting a way (shortcut) to launch a specific application not an application which will still exist after the .desktop file is deleted.

how to know which icon is the actual application that i have to keep

You need to open duplicate desktop entries through a text editor and determine which functionality it offers or for what purpose it is there. Multiple desktop entries must have created multiple shortcuts in app drawer but out of those multiple desktop entries only 1 is visible and every other will be hidden due to NoDisplay=true in their description. That's why only 1 is visible in app drawer. It may also contain a line OnlyShownIn or NotShowIn to show or hide in specific DE.You can learn more about it at Desktop Entry Specification

how to know the name of application that can be remove via command line

For this refer N0rbert's answer

if i want Audacious, MPV player, Dconf, Files, Cheese, InputMethod, Keyboard, Gparted, Displays, Dock, Disks, Calendar only then i want to see only 12 icons in this folder.

No. Some entries like that of Bluetooth are defined by the system and it needs that to properly display it while using a search.


Ubuntu users - access to file of different user

One simple solution is to simply add yourself to your son's primary group. For example if your username is "father" and your son's primary group is "son" (i.e. by default files are created as belonging to group "son"), then just do this to add yourself to that group:

sudo gpasswd -a father son

You will have to log out and back in for the change to take effect.

[However, your son will still be able to easily hide a folder by setting 700 permissions on it.
But if he does that, you can always look into it as root or maybe even add a cronjob which would find such folders and change their permissions.
Alternatively, he could encrypt his files and preventing that would be quite difficult, or just save them on a USB stick. In any case, in the long term it's a loosing battle.]

As for umask, as suggested by dadexix86, the default umask of 0022 already makes it so that files and folders are readable by members of the primary group.
But it does not prevent your son from using "chmod go-rwx" to change that, unless you prevent him from using "/bin/chmod".

Some possible advanced alternatives:

ACLs: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/232527/how-to-prevent-a-user-from-changing-his-home-directory-permissions
Concerning being able to admin your son, without being root, an interesting solution would be to log in as him using a different password or other authentication method. This might be possible via some policykit/PAM-related hacks (PAM=Pluggable Authentication Modules), but I am not familiar enough with those things yet. The easy ugly alternative is a temporary password change or "sudo su son".


Some headsets (especially Turtle Beach) have the mic hard-wired to the headset speakers as a feature so that you know when your mic is hot/on. I've experienced the level feedback of this changing (becoming louder/softer) when connecting to different devices.

It's been noted that this is called sidetone.


I know is an old post but I was having the same issue with a Gigabyte OLED laptop.

Your command is almost good except for the eDP1. If you  run xrandr without arguments, you should find a line with something similar to eDP. In my case was eDP-1-1. Try running your command with this new name. It worked for me.


nautilus elementary coverflow not working

This will definitely help. Worked for me.
How to fix the blank screen on clutterview problem on ubuntu 10.10 maverick meerkat
And here's the contents of the link in case it goes down:

Couple of days ago I installed “Nautilus Elementary” on my Ubuntu maverick meerkat. Strangely I was not able to enable clutterview. When I pressed F4 it just showed a black blank screen and that was real annoying. A few considerable search on google showed me the way to fix this, a comment on webupd8.com.
The Fix:
The problem is linked to a vblank issue which occurres in combination with Intel GFX cards and clutter services. To fix this edit /etc/environment by issuing the command:
sudo gedit /etc/environment
and add the line
export CLUTTER_VBLANK=none
Save it and reboot your system. Clutterview should work like a charm now.

Via gokul at theopenhelp.com


apt-get update for a particular repository

Is there any problem/harm if I update only one repo? Can it affect the software installation in any way?

No, well yes, if your package requires a version that is only available from certain repository apt will refuse to install the package.

  If the answer is No then how could I update a particular repo?

You must create the .list file where the description of the repository will be, ie:

deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian raring contrib

Then save it somewhere. Now you only have to do:

sudo apt-get update -o Dir::Etc::sourcelist="mysources.list"

Done.


Xubuntu is great I highly recommend xfce over Unity. But Xubuntu uses xfce4 which has its own key shortcut mappings which are not controlled by "Ubuntu" as it is on the Unity desktop. There may be one in Settings > keyboard > shortcuts or Settings > Windows > Keyboard Shortcuts for disabling touchpad (I cannot verify this right now), or you can map whichever a custom key combo to the command:

synclient TouchpadOff=1

if this does not work you can also enable an input daemon to autostart which will enable/disable touchpad automatically during keyboard activity:

http://goo.gl/e4DMem


Ubuntu16 startup fault after hardware changes

Could you try the solution here? http://askubuntu.com/a/817660/658492 only change would be /dev/mapper/tiger--vg-root in the command.

so command would look like

fsck /dev/mapper/tiger--vg-root -y

(mind the -y switch, it will ensure all questions are marked with Answer "yes", if you remove you will have to manually run and answer y for everything asked)

actually before you do, could you double check if you have connected to disk/controller to the correct slot?

Will wait for your reply :)


cant start R studio on ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS

The rstudio-0.99.896-amd64.deb is completely outdated. You are referring to the 3 years old post.
You should use official RStudio packages source - https://rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/ and download Ubuntu 18/Debian 10 variant from it using download link or programmatically:
cd ~/Downloads
wget https://download1.rstudio.org/desktop/bionic/amd64/rstudio-1.3.1073-amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install ./rstudio-1.3.1073-amd64.deb


ATI graphics card installations issues- no monitor, no frontend

I'm new in Linux. But not new PC technician. Ubuntu I use for two months. What I see, that you have not tried the Live UBUNTU from USB (or DVD). See what happens. If you get into Live Ubuntu, then I guess is somehow bad your installation (I would do fresh install). When you will success with Live Ubuntu with new your Radeon GPU open terminal and enter: lspci | grep VGA. you should get something like that:00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) - it depends on GPU that use your system. I recently upgraded the one system from old Radeon X800GTO to the new Radeon HD7750. It was totally good guide in AMD site ('unofficial wiki' I think) - everything works fluently without any issue (gnome desktop have not tried, since I love Unity) even cool Unigine game Oil Rush with old P4 630 goes very great. So your 5450 definitely  should work. Fresh install is my choice and suggest.


The number of inodes is set at the time the partition is formatted. Normally the number of inodes created is sufficient for almost any purpose; however, if you have a great number of very small files then you can use up the inodes before the disk is full.

You need to find the many thousands of small files you have on the system that are using up inodes and either delete them, or move them to a partition that has been specifically set up with a very large number of inodes available. It is not possible to change the number of inodes available on a partition after it has been formatted.

The script written by paxdiablo on stackoverflow might be handy way to check for excessive small file use that you may not be aware of. Here it is again:

#!/bin/bash
# count_em - count files in all subdirectories under current directory.
echo 'echo $(ls -a "$1" | wc -l) $1' >/tmp/count_em_$$
chmod 700 /tmp/count_em_$$
find . -mount -type d -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 /tmp/count_em_$$ | sort -n
rm -f /tmp/count_em_$$

Put this script in the text file ~/bin/count_em  and then issue the command

chmod +x ~/bin/count_em

to make it executable. If you had to make the directory ~/bin then it won't be in the executable path yet, so just log out and back in again.

To run the program you just type

count_em

and it will list the numbers of all files in the current directory and subdirectories by directory, with the highest count last. Very handy!


Installing the ATI drivers is one thing but remember both graphics cards are still running together which is heating up your system so you need to switch one off to save heat and energy...  Try this link and see if any of the solutions work: http://mschoofs.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/switch-off-ati-vga-in-hybrid-cards-with.html

Also, you could try a lighter desktop environment other than Unity to save on graphics card use, maybe Xubuntu (XFCE)...


Ubuntu 16.10 booting in emergency mode after upgrade from 16.04

Found a simple permanent solution. This worked for me on 16.04.2 LTS:

In your GRUB menu, go into edit mode and find the kernel/linux line that contains "splash quiet" and replace $vt_handoff with nomodeset. You should now be able to boot properly.
Edit the file /etc/grub.d/10_linux.
Find the vt_handoff variable, around line 27 and change
vt_handoff="1" to vt_handoff="0"
and save the file.
Finally:

$ sudo update-grub

Reboot


Can't open terminal! Works only from folder

I met the same problem. I solved it by
sudo nano /usr/bin/gnome-terminal

and change #!/usr/bin/python3 to #!/usr/bin/python3.6.
I changed to 3.7 at first as I installed it, but it didn't work. It only works after I changed to 3.6.
Refer to this


Likely reinstallation will fix it - but that's not what you did

Having manually deleted files belonging to the easy-rsa package, the package manager has no idea they're gone. So when you did

sudo apt-get install openvpn easy-rsa

you likely got a message that easy-rsa is already the newest version and no files were actually restored: try

sudo apt-get install --reinstall easy-rsa

instead.


Ok, after some more Googling, I found a working solution from https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/fglrx-installer/+bug/1080612

Copy and paste these commands into the terminal in order

sudo update-alternatives --set x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf /usr/lib/fglrx/ld.so.conf

sudo ldconfig -n

sudo update-initramfs -u

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

Then reboot and the fglrx drivers should load


Problems with extra keyboards in ubuntu after upgrade

If you have been carrying your /home directory since 10.10 then yes, it may be time to remove some old config files in your home dir. Most applications store config files in your home directory in the ~/.config folder, or in their own respective hidden directory ~/.<application-name> .
Be sure to backup any files before making changes. And as a precaution have a live image available.
To list your hidden files and directories from terminal ls -ld .?*
Most application will rebuild default config settings when reopened after removing the config directory.
DICLAIMER
Not responsible for anything. Proceed at your own risk!!!  DISCLAIMER
Now with that out of the way, it is really not that bad.
Since you have been a user since 10.10, I presume you are an experience user.
From terminal mv ~/.config  ~/.config.backup or
mv ~/.<application>  ~/.<application>.backup
logout, then login.
It will take some time for the default desktop config files to be reinstalled. If there are any problems you can reboot into a LiveImage or using a recovery mode menu entry from grub and simply move the backup copy you previously made back by
mv /home/<your-dir>/.config.backup /home/<your-dir>/.config


Video - Video Format Not Supported - OTA-13

Bug Report filed. Work-around = Copy mp4 video to PC and view it there. To eliminate pixilation - ALWAYS shoot video in wide screen mode.


Need help installing Ubuntu 18.04 onto a Raid 0 of two disks

After fiddling around with it all night I discovered the problem.  Ubuntu doesn't agree with the virtio driver.  After switching the Qemu driver to SATA it worked fine :)


Unzip the file into a local directory. Open a terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and cd to the directory. Find the install script and enter chmod +x install followed by sudo ./install. That should work.

A little explanation: The chmod makes your script executable (which it isn't by default, for security reasons). The install script itself should be run with sudo because ordinary users can not modify system directories.


Ubuntu-Tweak user folder assignments are not persistent

You can bypass the use of Ubuntu-Tweak.

Simply create or modify the user-dirs.dirs file in ~/.config.

This is the default file:

# This file is written by xdg-user-dirs-update
# If you want to change or add directories, just edit the line you're
# interested in. All local changes will be retained on the next run
# Format is XDG_xxx_DIR="$HOME/yyy", where yyy is a shell-escaped
# homedir-relative path, or XDG_xxx_DIR="/yyy", where /yyy is an
# absolute path. No other format is supported.
#
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

Simply change the folders to your custom ones and logout and in again.


Why is the drivers for the Realtek SD Card Reader Broken in Ubuntu 18.04

A bug report was raised on the linux kernel bugzilla over a year ago. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=204003, which, so far, seems to have had no attention. The regression seems to be caused by a change submitted by Realtek during the 5.1 development cycle.
I can confirm that the above workaround succeeds on Ubuntu 20.04 running the 5.4.0-40-generic kernel.


Intellij IDEA launching another icon at start

What happened
intellij-idea-community installs a perfectly working .desktop file: /usr/share/applications/intellij-idea-community.desktop. Sometimes however, a freshly installed application needs a log out/in to show up in Dash.
This is apparently the case in your situation. I tried installing it with the same result. Simply log out/in did the job:

Your home-made launcher does start up the application, but does not connect to the window, so a generic icon shows up to represent the window.
How to fix
Remove your own made launcher from /usr/share/applications/intellij_idea.desktop, log out and back in.
important note
In any way, since you tried lock the (incorrect?) icon to the launcher, make sure to remove any Intellij IDEA - related .desktop file from ~/.local/share/applications, since possibly remaining .desktop files will overrule the global one.


Installing ubuntustudio-audio, getting errors

Best way:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main universe" && sudo apt-get update

Then,

sudo apt-get install ubuntustudio-audio

If the above doesn't work, other way is to download the packages manually and then install it from there. To do so:

mkdir ~/Downloads/ubuntustudio && cd ~/Downloads/ubuntustudio

Downloads the following packages manually (while still in the folder ~/Downloads/ubuntustudio):

security.ubuntu.com libavdevice-extra-53

wget -c http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/liba/libav/libavdevice-extra-53_9.18-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_all.deb

security.ubuntu.com libavfilter-extra-3

wget -c http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/liba/libav/libavfilter-extra-3_9.18-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_all.deb

security.ubuntu.com libavformat-extra-54

wget -c http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/liba/libav/libavformat-extra-54_9.18-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_all.deb

security.ubuntu.com libavutil-extra-52

wget -c http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/liba/libav/libavutil-extra-52_9.18-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_all.deb

security.ubuntu.com libswscale-extra-2

wget -c http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/liba/libav/libswscale-extra-2_9.18-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_all.deb

Then, to install it run:

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

And to satisfy any dependencies, do:

sudo apt-get -f install


Add the command to /etc/rc.local before exit 0 and it will execute on boot.


May be not the cleanest way but it works.
Replace "Brother Industries, Ltd" by your printer (look in lsusb)

    #!/bin/bash
    ID=$(lsusb |grep "Brother Industries, Ltd"|cut -d " " -f 6)
    vid=$(echo $ID|cut -d ":" -f 1)
    pid=$(echo $ID|cut -d ":" -f 2)
    msg="vid 0x$vid pid 0x$pid"
    echo "/dev/usb/$(dmesg |grep -i "$msg" |tail -n 1 |cut -d " " -f 2|cut -c 4-6)"


How Can I Merge Multiple Directories into One

Using find + xargs + mv:

find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -I file mv --backup=numbered file .

This will move all the files in the current working directory and its subdirectories (recursively) into the current working directory, numbering files with the same filename numerically in order to avoid overwrites of files with the same filename.

Sample result on a tmp folder with a 1, 2 and 3 subfolders each containing a 1.ext, 2.ext and 3.ext file:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/tmp$ tree
.
├── 1
│   ├── 1.ext
│   ├── 2.ext
│   └── 3.ext
├── 2
│   ├── 1.ext
│   ├── 2.ext
│   └── 3.ext
└── 3
    ├── 1.ext
    ├── 2.ext
    └── 3.ext

3 directories, 9 files
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/tmp$ find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -I file mv --backup=numbered file .
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/tmp$ tree
.
├── 1
├── 1.ext
├── 1.ext.~1~
├── 1.ext.~2~
├── 2
├── 2.ext
├── 2.ext.~1~
├── 2.ext.~2~
├── 3
├── 3.ext
├── 3.ext.~1~
└── 3.ext.~2~

3 directories, 9 files


QEMU/KVM with SPICE fails to maintain access to Apple device (USB redirection)

Networking
I fixed the networking issue by tethering my phone to the virtual machine. For Android:

Install this version of HoRNDIS (the latest official release won't install on Catalina).
Plug in your phone and enable tethering (Settings -> Network & Internet -> Hotspot & Tethering).
Enable USB redirection for the phone (if you do this before step 2, it'll disconnect).

iOS device USB
The virtual machine must have access to your local network.

Install a cross-platform USB-over-network solution such as USB Network Gate on both the host and guest. This one only offers a free trial, but the others I looked at had issues such as lack of Catalina compatibility.
Open it on the host and forward the port to which your iOS device is connected.
Open it on the guest and connect to the device. If it fails to find it, click the "Add Server" button in the lower-left and input your host's IP address.
Optionally, check the "Connect via network" box for your device within Xcode if you're using it for development purposes, so you can continue to develop without the need for a USB cable and after your free trial of USB Network Gate expires.


How to run asp.net in ubuntu using apache

It can be done using Mono.

  Mono is a software platform designed to allow developers to easily
  create cross platform applications. Sponsored by Xamarin, Mono is an
  open source implementation of Microsoft's .NET Framework based on the
  ECMA standards for C# and the Common Language Runtime. A growing
  family of solutions and an active and enthusiastic contributing
  community is helping position Mono to become the leading choice for
  development of Linux applications.1

Download Mono for Ubuntu

Also take a look at ModMono.

  ModMono is an Apache module which provides ASP.NET support for Apache
  web server. We will be using Apache as an alternative for Microsoft’s
  IIS in Windows.2

1Source:Mono

2Source:Running ASP.NET applications in Ubuntu using ModMono


How to know what DNS am I using in Ubuntu 12.04

Let's assume that NetworkManager is managing your network configurations.

Run in terminal

nm-tool | tail -n 8

(Here tail is optional, just for your convenience.)  This will tell you your connection information, similar to ipconfig.


Try to remove mysql-apt-config (which is in development and might not be resolving the dependencies correctly) and to reinstall mysql-server from the official repositories:

sudo apt-get purge mysql-apt-config && sudo apt-get install mysql-server


Firstly look at the position of Windows8 in GRUB menu,
ie if Windows8 is at 5th position then consider it as an array and consider its position as 4.

In order to load Windows 8 on default just edit grub.cfg by typing in,

sudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg

in the terminal, find for the line default=0 in grub.cfg and change the value to your previously noted value (In this case 4)

NOW ITS IMPORTANT TO UPDATE THE SETTINGS BY TYPING IN,

sudo update-grub

Alternatively you could also install GRUB customizer,

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer


Rhythmbox "cannot resolve proxy hostname" error

I had the same issue. But since I use some vpn connections I addition with proxies I found an empty setting in my system proxy setting in Ubuntu
under System Settings -> Network -> Network Proxy
there was no url for the server, port set to some number and method set to manual. I set to method none, applied the settings and I was good to go.

sincerely tingel2k


Kubuntu doesn't start desktop environment half the time booting

I ran into a similar problem and my issue was that sddm-greeter was not able to start properly as it couldn't find the theme for the login screen.

You can find the config file for sddm under /etc/sddm.conf (if it isn't there, check the man pages man sddm and it should tell you where the config file is under the heading Files.)

For me, changing the current theme to breeze and restarting sddm fixed my issue.


How to remove GNOME 3.10 and all extensions from Ubuntu 14.04

I have found something like this:

sudo apt-get purge gnome-shell-*

It worked. Can you please tell me if I should do anything else to remove something that might have stayed installed somewhere deep inside the system


Dependency problems when trying to install lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 lib32stdc++6

Those packages have been replaced under the newer multiarch specification, so add :i386 to specify the 32-bit version if you are running a 64-bit system, otherwise APT will assume you want the 64-bit version.

This works for me in Ubuntu 16.04:

sudo apt install zlib1g:i386 libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386

Thanks to comment by TONTONFLASH leading to the other post where another comment by steeldriver gave the necessary hint.


Error when installing the grub2 package in /target/

HPs are notorious for forgetting their boot loader information, and there's even evidence supporting this hypothesis in your Boot Repair output; for instance:

chroot /mnt/boot-sav/sda5 efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0000
Timeout: 0 seconds
No BootOrder is set; firmware will attempt recovery

Note that last line, which means that the computer will try to boot the fallback boot loader -- EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi. (Some EFIs will actually fall back to the Windows boot loader in this situation -- EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi.)

This is defective firmware. You might be able to get a fix from HP, but that's unlikely. If the computer is new enough, I'd return it to the store for a refund; but your mention of Windows 8 makes me think you're past that point.

This leaves you with two options, assuming you really need a dual boot:

Rename the fallback boot loaders (both the ones I mentioned earlier) and put copies of GRUB (or some other boot loader or boot manager) in their place. This is a flaky and ugly hack of a workaround, not a fix; but it's the easiest way to get results. Boot Repair has an option to do this automatically. It's called something like "back up and replace boot loaders" (I don't recall the exact phrasing) on its Advanced menu.
Wipe the disk clean and do a fresh install of both Windows and Ubuntu, but do so in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode rather than in EFI/UEFI mode. Forcing the boot mode may be a bit tricky, though; you'll need to figure out how to do it with your specific firmware implementation, since there's no standardization of how to do this. A variant of this approach is to convert both your OSes to boot in BIOS mode, but that's likely to be more tedious than re-installing. You'd probably want do this only if you've spent a lot of time customizing your installation and have lots of data files -- but an in-place conversion risks data loss, so you'd need to back up for safety anyhow, and at that point a re-installation starts to look pretty reasonable.


gnome-screenshot should do what you want, but depends on a number of other packages. You may find that installing it with aptitude is more robust at resolving these dependencies


Webcam support in Pidgin for Yahoo! protocol?

This is something you can easily find using Google: Pidgin FAQ.


The transition from Qt 5.0 to 5.2 in the Ubuntu 14.04 LTS cycle was (and remains, at the time of writing) a long process that was much more drawn-out than many people wanted.

QtQuickControls are available with Qt >= 5.1, so the final 14.04 release should let you design applications with appmenu.


How can I replicate putty's capabilities in gnome-terminal?

To connect to remote SSH Server via HTTP proxy, you need to install connect-proxy

Then edit your ~/.ssh/config file like this => ~/.ssh/config

## Outside of the firewall, with HTTPS proxy
## Package connect-proxy is required.

# VPS
Host server-name
  ProxyCommand connect -H proxy.company.com:80  %h %p
  ServerAliveInterval 20

# Amazon EC2
Host *.compute.amazonaws.com
  ProxyCommand connect -H proxy.company.com:80 %h %p
  ServerAliveInterval 30

# cloud.terry.im
Host cloud.terry.im
  ProxyCommand connect -H proxy.company.com:80 %h %p
  ServerAliveInterval 30

## Inside the firewall (do not use proxy)
Host *
   ProxyCommand connect %h %p

Make necessary changes to adapt your environment.

Then use ssh user@server-name and you'll see it works.

BTW: socat or corkscrew can probably archive the same.


How do I automatically run a shell script at start up?


My desktop with conky appears to stack up on itself

I had the same problem.  I had to change own_window to be no


Reasonable partition scheme for Windows 7 Ultimate/Ubuntu dual boot with SSD and HDD

(I) For dual-boot systems with only one hard-drive and assuming you prefer MBR (as GPT are a really bad way to handle your partitioning):

 a) Three PRIMARY Partitions:
    - sda1 ->   C:\      NTFS    [minimum size 50 GB, max size 100 GB]
    - sda3 ->   /boot    ext2    [300 MB]
    - sda4 ->   /        ext4    [minimum size 20 GB, max size 40 GB]
 b) One EXTENDED Partition:
    - sda2, divided as many LOGICAL partitions as required.

 A nice and handy way to divide the EXTENDED partition can be:
    - sda5 ->  /swap    unformatted [size equal to *three times* your RAM memory]
    - sda6 ->  D:\      NTFS        [size depends on size of hard-drive]
    - sda7 ->  /home    ext4        [minimum size 20 GB]

 Optionally, you can add other LOGICAL partitions (as many as you want), such as:
 - E:\ [NTFS,for back-up purposes],
 - F:\ [NTFS, for program installation files storage],
 - G:\ [NTFS, to install your games],
 - /var,
 - /usr,
 - etc.

(II) For dual boot systems with two or more hard-drives simply use the second hard-drive to hold one or more LOGICAL partitions [other than the Linux SWAP partition] that would be located in the EXTENDED partition of the first hard-drive (the one you use to boot your dual boot machine), remembering that it is a good idea always to partition ANY hard-drive in at least two partitions (a smaller PRIMARY and a larger EXTENDED partition).

P.S.: With modern and fast machines with plenty of RAM and space and in the case that you:

(a) must have a Windows program available at all times and

(b) want to take advantage of virtualization,

you can partition your "/home" [file-system ext4] Linux partition to a size of about 60 to 100 GB, install in your Linux system a program such as the freeware VMware Player and use this big partition to hold the file of a virtual machine with WINDOWS 7, 8, Vista or even XP installed and where you can install your must-have Windows program(s).

One particular advantage of this approach is that you can configure your VM without Windows having access to the Internet and thus not be exposed to Windows virii and spyware (simply run Unity to invoke your must-have Windows programs and use your Linux programs to access the Internet). Ain´t that neat?


Unable to execute expect script via cron even with the permissions set to 777

Are any of those commands actually interactive? If no, just use exec

if {[file exists "/usr/local/sbin/remoteTasks/restartMySQL"]} {
    ## STOP APACHE FIRST
    exec apache2ctl stop
    exec service mysql restart
    file delete /usr/local/sbin/remoteTasks/restartMySQL
    exec apache2ctl start
}
if {[file exists "/usr/local/sbin/remoteTasks/restartApache"]} {
    exec apache2ctl graceful
    file delete /usr/local/sbin/remoteTasks/restartApache
}

But if you're doing that, you might was well stick with shell:

#!/bin/sh
if [[ -f /usr/local/sbin/remoteTasks/restartMySQL ]]; then
    ## STOP APACHE FIRST
    apache2ctl stop
    service mysql restart
    rm /usr/local/sbin/remoteTasks/restartMySQL
    apache2ctl start
fi
if [[ -f /usr/local/sbin/remoteTasks/restartApache ]]; then
    apache2ctl graceful
    rm /usr/local/sbin/remoteTasks/restartApache
fi


Convert values from dalton to kilodalton (Divide values by 1000)

With awk
The task here is simply to divide each value by a thousand. There are several good ways to do this--on all the values in your file--with just a single command. Suppose your numbers are in a file called dalton.txt and, as in the example you showed, are one value per line. Here's one way, using AWK:
awk '{ print $0 / 1000.0 }' dalton.txt

That operates on each line. $0 in AWK indicates the whole line. As written that outputs to your terminal but you can redirect the output to a file. This sends the output to kilodalton.txt (overwriting it if it already exists):
awk '{ print $0 / 1000.0 }' dalton.txt > kilodalton.txt

However, you may want to customize the precision. Given the example input you showed us, the output to your terminal or the file from using those commands is:
12.3451
236.576
18.8654
45.6789

The your output example, each output value retains the same precision (in terms of number of digits of information shown) as the corresponding input value. If you want that:
awk '{ printf "%.*g\n", length($0), $0 / 1000.0 }' dalton.txt

This still truncates trailing zeros after the decimal point, since that's how the printf function's g format specifier behaves. (Your examples don't make clear if you want that.) The way it works is simply to specify a precision that is always at least as high as the number of digits in the input, but making it the total length of the input line, length($0).
That command may of course also be redirected to a file, and its output is exactly the output shown in your question:
12.34509
236.575665
18.86541
45.67887

Often you may want to specify the same precision for each entry, either as the total number of figures shown or as the number of figures show after the decimal point. For example, to show a total of 6 figures for each value (the first line will be 12.3451), use:
awk '{ printf "%.6g\n", $0 / 1000.0 }' dalton.txt

Or to show 3 figures after the decimal place for each value (the first line will be 12.345) use:
awk '{ printf "%.3f\n", $0 / 1000.0 }' dalton.txt

Although it is possible to write a loop in a shell script that reads the data, that's more complicated and it is rarely the best approach when a simple command will do it for you. Even if this is part of a larger shell script already, shells are glue languages that are meant to be used to call whatever tools are best suited to a task. So I suggest using this awk method, terdon's excellent perl method, or the like.


How to switch between options in `/sys/class/backlight` to solve brightness problem?

Bash script redirect-brightness

Your problem is function keys to increase/decrease brightness are updating /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness instead of /sys/class/backlight/nv_backlight/brightness

The original request was to intercept the function keys and use them to control the nv_backlight driver. The problem with this is:

Tricky udev scripts
No pop-up notification slider displaying brightness without complicated Python scripting.

The solution is to use inotify to monitor changes to acpi_video0. Then calculate the brightness percentage and apply that same percentage to nv_backlight.

In the bash script below you need to set:

WatchDriver="/sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness"
PatchDriver="/sys/class/backlight/nv_backlight/brightness"

Place the script in /usr/local/bin and make it executable using:

chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/redirect-brightness

First run the script from the command line using

redirect-brightness -l

If there is a problem check the log file using:

cat /tmp/redirect-brightness.log

If all works well add redirect-brightness to your startup applications.

redirect-brightness bash script

#!/bin/bash

# NAME: redirect-brightness
# PATH: /usr/local/bin
# DESC: Redirect to correct driver when Ubuntu is adjusting the wrong
#       /sys/class/DRIVER_NAME/brightness

# DATE: June 13, 2018. Modified June 14, 2018.

# NOTE: Written for Ubuntu question:
#       https://askubuntu.com/q/1045624/307523

WatchDriver="/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight"
PatchDriver="/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight"

# Must be running as sudo
if [[ $(id -u) != 0 ]]; then
    echo >&2 "Root access required. Use: 'sudo redirect-brightness'"
    exit 1
fi

# inotifywait required
type inotifywait >/dev/null 2>&1 || \
    { echo >&2 "'inotifywait' required but it's not installed.  Aborting."; \
      echo >&2 "Use 'sudo apt install inotify-tools' to install it.'"; \
      exit 1; }

# Was right watch driver directory name setup correctly?
if [[ ! -d $WatchDriver ]]; then
    echo >&2 "Watch directory: '$WatchDriver'"; \
    echo >&2 "does not exist. Did you spell it correctly? Aborting.'"; \
    exit 1;
fi

# Was right patch driver directory name setup correctly?
if [[ ! -d $PatchDriver ]]; then
    echo >&2 "Redirect to directory: '$PatchDriver'"; \
    echo >&2 "does not exist. Did you spell it correctly? Aborting.'"; \
    exit 1;
fi

# Get maximum brightness values
WatchMax=$(cat $WatchDriver/max_brightness)
PatchMax=$(cat $PatchDriver/max_brightness)

# PARM: 1="-l" or "--log-file" then write each step to log file.
fLogFile=false
if [[ $1 == "-l" ]] || [[ $1 == "--log-file" ]]; then
    fLogFile=true
    LogFile=/tmp/redirect-brightness.log
    echo redirect-brightness LOG FILE > $LogFile
    echo WatchMax: $WatchMax PatchMax: $PatchMax >> $LogFile
fi

SetBrightness () {
    # Calculate watch current percentage
    WatchAct=$(cat $WatchDriver/actual_brightness)
    WatchPer=$(( WatchAct * 100 / WatchMax ))
    [[ $fLogFile == true ]] && echo WatchAct: $WatchAct WatchPer: $WatchPer >> $LogFile
    # Reverse engineer patch brightness to set
    PatchAct=$(( PatchMax * WatchPer / 100 ))
    echo $PatchAct | sudo tee $PatchDriver/brightness
    [[ $fLogFile == true ]] && echo PatchAct: $PatchAct >> $LogFile
}

# When machine boots, set brightness to last saved value
SetBrightness

# Wait forever for user to press Fn keys adjusting brightness up/down.
while (true); do
    inotifywait --event modify $WatchDriver/actual_brightness
    [[ $fLogFile == true ]] && \
        echo "Processing modify event in $WatchDriver/actual_brightness" >> $LogFile
    SetBrightness
done

Original Answer June 11, 2018.

Work In Progress Answer

There are many nVidia users with similar problems in Ubuntu 18.04:

Brightness on laptop MSI GT72VR in Ubuntu 18.04 with NVIDIA GTX 1060 Mobile doesn't work
computer doesnt wake from suspension and couldnt change the brightness
Brightness control missing when using Nvidia drivers but re-appears with X.Org
Xubuntu 18.04: make Fn brightness keys work with /sys/class/backlight/nv_backlight/
How to alter backlight driver in lubuntu
Brightness on laptop MSI GT72VR in Ubuntu 18.04 with NVIDIA GTX 1060 Mobile doesn't work
NVIDIA display issue with brightness control and video playback
Unable to change the screen brightness
The brightness of laptop screen cannot be adjusted with either the buttons or the slider. Edit

Before writing a script

I can write a script to mimic changes to /acpi_video and populate /nv_backlight but before I do try this:

Edit /etc/default/grub.
Find quiet splash
Add behind splash: acpi_backlight=vendor
Save the file
Run sudo update-grub

According to this answer it should work for you: Xubuntu 18.04: make Fn brightness keys work with /sys/class/backlight/nv_backlight/

Wayland

Brightness doesn't work under Wayland. Make sure you aren't using it. See: The brightness of laptop screen cannot be adjusted with either the buttons or the slider. Edit


How do I fix the global abiword spellcheck language?

This worked for me:
Open a new document, change the language in the spell check to the preferred one:
Tools -> set language

Save this document as a template called "normal.awt" in
/home/yourname
/.config/abiword/templates/
thereafter every new document will open in your preferred language.

Greetings from Sweden


Error in install Kali Linux tool with Katoonlin

Update the GPG key from archive.kali.org. Open the terminal and type:

wget -q -O - archive.kali.org/archive-key.asc | apt-key add
and sudo apt update


You need to remove the route to the ppp0 device:

192.168.1.0     192.168.1.204   255.255.255.0   UG        0 0          0 ppp0

with following command:

sudo route del -net 192.168.1.0/24 gw 192.168.1.204

Then you need to add the route for 192.168.1.39

sudo route add -host 192.168.1.39 gw 192.168.1.204 dev ppp0


Can I set my Optimus Nvidia card to run Unity3D with bumblebee?

You can't use the nvidia you on an optimus laptop to render the desktop and effects, the Intel card as of now can only do that. Only applications can be run with the nvidia card.
I sold my optimus laptop and got a Sony viao with an i7-2820,and dedicated gt540. Intel graphics are not wired up in this laptop so the nvidia renders everything, and its soooo much better than that horrible optimus.


The NVidia driver version 346 is available as an Ubuntu package.

apt-get install nvidia-346

should get you going.


Try the Alternate Installer.
I have the same Message weeks ago.
But the install with the Alternate Ubuntu helps a lot.
The only difference is that the Installation is in Text mode.
I think it is a Graphic bug.
http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/ubuntu-releases/12.04/ubuntu-12.04-alternate-i386.iso


Boot into Windows and then restart it (do not shutdown)
In the GRUB menu select Ubuntu and boot  it. After Ubuntu has booted up, open the hard drive - it will open.


lftp run jar file after mirror has changed files?

Manuals for lftp realy states that:

  --on-change=CMD           execute the command if anything                                             has been changed

But idea is that CMD is lftp command, not Bash. So to execute local script 'task.sh' we should use lftp expression like source task.sh or ! task.sh.

SCRIPTFOLDER="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
lftp -c "
open ${HOST}
user ${USER} ${PASS}
lcd $LOCALTARGETFOLDER
mirror --delete --verbose --on-change='source $SCRIPTFOLDER/test.sh' $REMOTESOURCEFOLDER $LOCALTARGETFOLDER
bye
"


Sure, you can use alltray for that :)

Look it up in Applications -> Ubuntu Software Center, or use this command:

sudo apt-get install alltray

EDIT
To minimize the program, run alltray and point to the Window of it. It will hide in the tray. To hide/unhide to/from Tray, click the Tray icon of the program :)


Firefox 82: tab bar merged into window title bar

If you go into Customize, you can enable the title bar again. It's a checkbox in the lower left corner on the Customize dialogue.


Graphics issue.  I have this problem on my system but I updated to the 4.7.4 mainline kernel and this fixed everything, most likely due to updated drivers.


Try this driver: Realtek RTL8723DE module for Linux kernel version >= 5.0

First, make sure you have the dependencies installed:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install dkms git linux-headers-generic
sudo apt dist-upgrade

Reboot to ensure you are using the newest installed kernel.

Then, run the following commands to install the driver:

git clone https://github.com/smlinux/rtl8723de.git -b 5.0-up
dkms add ./rtl8723de
dkms install rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414
depmod -a
reboot


How can I make my laptop "phone home" if it ever gets stolen?

Prey is an open source program that does exactly what you want (it also happens to run all major operating systems, including Ubuntu of course).

Prey lets you keep track of your phone or laptop at all times, and will help you find it if it ever gets lost or stolen. It's lightweight, open source software, and free for anyone to use. And it just works.

OMG Ubuntu has an article on the program. You can download Prey from their website.

Note: Prey also offers some commerical services, but you are not required to buy anything to use the software.


10gbE on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Desktop and VirtualBox

The issue is really about whether the drivers for your specific 10 GE NIC are included in the desktop kernel.  And as far as I know, there are no Ethernet NIC drivers that are enabled in the server kernel but not in the desktop kernel.  Even if there were, there really wouldn't be any trouble in installing the server kernel on an Ubuntu desktop install and using it.

What specific NIC were you planning to use?

Virtualbox should be able to use a 10 GE interface in the same way as any other Ethernet interface.


Resizing boot partition with full disk encryption

I know this question is old, but comes up when searching for the small boot partition problem and using disk encryption.

Ubuntu installer ubiquity uses partman for partitioning. When "Use the entire disk" option is selected, the partition configurations come from partman recipe files in /lib/partman/recipes-[arch]/* and /lib/partman/recipes/* on the live CD. Find the recipe used by the installer, and modify the maximum size for /boot partition. On my system, the default recipe used is /lib/partman/recipes/30atomic. Open the Terminal:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo nano /lib/partman/recipes/30atomic

Go to the section for the boot partition and change the third number (256 below) to the size you want (I'd recommend at least 512):

128 512 256 ext2
    $defaultignore{ }
    method{ format }
    format{ }
    use_filesystem{ }
    filesystem{ ext2 }
    mountpoint{ /boot }

This section says size is going to be between 128M and 256M with a priority of 512, which determines how important the size of this partition with respect to others.

Save it with Ctrl+O, Enter. Then start the installer, install as usual.


How can I get the band (2.4 / 5 GHz) selection back in wifi settings? (ubuntu 20.04)

The dropdown menu was removed from the UI (I could not find the reason).

But there is a work-around, by checking the manual of nm-settings:

Locate the targeted WiFi connection profile in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/nameofconnection.nmconnection
edit with sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/nameofconnection.nmconnection
Under section [wifi] add following entry

for 2.4 GHz only band=bg
for 5 GHz only band=a

save changes and connection should use the new configuration


Audio not working on upgrading to Ubuntu 15.04

I solved the problem by using this command in a terminal:

alsamixer

When the program is started, increase the level for all bars.


I mistakenly answered the question in the question section above. Copying the answer here...

Finally, after reading a few articles, I figured out the best possible solution:

As Vino (Desktop Sharing) has issues, just don't use it.
Access Ubuntu Software Center
Search for vnc server
x11vnc server turns up as the top rated server, install it.
Enable/Disable SSL encryption, Listening on LocalHost or file
transfer as the need be.
Use a VNC client of choice on Windows and connect.

(I enabled SSL but my vnc viewer opens an unencrypted connection for some reason.)

Use ssvnc on Windows to fix this problem. I found this link helpful. Note v1.0.29 probably has a virus or a spyware (Firefox or Antivirus blocks it) use the earlier version.


Why do I see a CRON session opening and closing every hour in /var/log/auth.log?

Assuming you have not changed anything from the default cron setup, this is your /etc/crontab running. On my Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS server, its contents include:

# m h dom mon dow user  command
17 *    * * *   root    cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly

So, cron wakes up every hour and runs any scrips located in /etc/cron.hourly. You probably don't have any which is why it doesn't do anything. It simply runs a root session which executes run-parts and then closes the session again.


How to run Plasma Discover on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (not Kubuntu)?

I reported bug 1788863 about missed dependencies.

Afterwards I visited packages.ubuntu.com and found necessary dependency - package qml-module-qtquick-controls.

Installation of it with

sudo apt-get install qml-module-qtquick-controls

But this is not enough, here is other error message:

  qrc:/qml/ReviewDialog.qml:3 module "QtQuick.Dialogs" is not installed

so we need to install other package

sudo apt-get install qml-module-qtquick-dialogs

fixes the problem - Plasma Discover starts and works normally:

During its operation it was discovered that it needs kded_kcookiejar from  kdelibs5-plugins package.

So the complete command to use Plasma Discover is:

sudo apt-get install plasma-discover \
plasma-discover-flatpak-backend plasma-discover-snap-backend \
qml-module-qtquick-controls qml-module-qtquick-dialogs kdelibs5-plugins

Note: this method is actual for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS with GNOME Shell too.


How do I share files on my home network?

Networking in general with Linux is a wide field. It is one of those parts where the operating system is strong and offers lots possibilities. I would suggest different steps:

Getting an IP address

DHCP

At first every computer in your network needs an IP address. Most home networks have some kind of (DSL) router which offers DHCP. That means you'll get automatically an IP from your router and don't have to worry about.

Avahi

Avahi is another easy form to connect your computers in your home network. You need avahi-daemon installed. Furthermore the package libnss-mdns is needed. If the avahi daemon runs, you can connect to other computers in your network with computername.local. They will assign an IP and use their hostname for connections (If you forget the hostnames, open a terminal and type hostname.).

Fixed IP address

If the above is not the case the next easy solution (in my opinion) is to give every computer a fixed IP address. For me the easiest way is to edit etc/network/interfaces:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
   address 192.168.0.42

Those lines assign the IP 192.168.0.42 to the network interface eth0 on that computer. Other information like netmask, default router etc. can also be entered into that file.

DHCP-Server

Another possibility is to install an DHCP server. This is usually more complex. I will not cover this here.

Getting a name

Under normal circumstances only connecting via IP addresses is not nice. You have to remember all those numbers. So it gets easier with names. If you only have a few computers in your network, you can edit /etc/hosts like:

127.0.0.1  localhost
192.168.0.23 server
192.168.0.42 laptop
192.168.0.65 images
192.168.0.123 router

The first entry is the IP address and the second is the name you want to use. Now you can use images to connect to the computer with IP 192.168.0.65. This file has to be on every computer in your network.

If you don't want to distribute that file across your computers, you can use a DNS server like BIND. But setting this up is too complex for my answer. ;)

Now every computer has an IP address and a name. You can connect to them.

Share files

Nautilus allows you to share files. Just click right on a folder and choose it too be shared. Eventually Ubuntu will install some missing files. Choose a name and access rights for that share and you're done. If you use the service-discovery-applet or ahavi-discover it is easy to access the files.

A special application is giver. Every computer needs to run this software. With drag&drop you can share files between computers. Besides this you can also use Pidgin, an FTP server or Samba to access files.

Chat

Here we need Avahi again. Install python-avahi and choose Pidgin as chat software (also Gajim is able to chat via Bonjour). Make a new account and choose Bonjour as communication protocol. If you start Pidgin and other Bonjour-users are active in your network, you'll see them and can chat.

As said before there are several other possibilities to chat. I chose only this. Furthermore you can configure those services in specific ways. If you have questions it would be the best to ask them in more detail. Have fun with your network. :-)


How do I type umlauts etc in Xubuntu 14.04?

Why not try US international layout with dead keys?

Go to Settings>Keyboard, select Layout tab. Uncheck 'Use system default settings' then below under 'Keyboard setting add English (USA) | English (international with dead keys AltGr). [Translating into English from my localisation so the terms might be off a bit.]

Choose key combo for switching layout and you are free to go. 'ü' is created by 'AltGr + y' combination, 'ä' is under 'AltGr + q', 'ö' is under 'AltGr + p'.

As for searching for characters I suggest going with Character map. One thing to note - there are two diaeresis: one is a spacing character U+00A8 and the second is combining diaeresis U+0308 - this is the one you want.


First of all I am not sure if you are putting , in the line in apt.conf, It should be

Acquire::protocol::proxy "protocol://user:pass@hostname:port/";

You could try adding these into your ~/.bashrc

export protocol_proxy='protocol://user:pass@hostname:port/'

for different protocols. and then source ~/.bashrc


Files access/modified in a process/script

Regarding problem 1,

the reason is that strace doesn't start the process with a shell, for security reasons.

To fix this, you need to wrap the pipe in bash -c ' ... ', replacing bash with your shell:

sudo strace -f -e trace=open bash -c 'mkdir d2 | cp *.c d2/' hello 2> output.txt


You can type the following command in your terminal to see which shell you are using:

echo $0

The result will look something similar to the below if you are using the bash (Bourne Again Shell) terminal:

-bash


It seems that you've missed some points about booting your computer from an USB drive. To boot your computer from USB drive, there are mainly 2 steps.

Install your desired OS on the USB drive - To do this there are plenty of softwares like; UNetbootin, USB Image Writer etc.
Boot your computer with that USB drive - To do this you need to change your boot up options from BIOS. At first enter your bios setting by pressing DEL or F2. Change your First bootable device to your USB drive. Now insert your USB drive and reboot your computer.


Linux Console System info program like linfo

You might want to have a look at hardinfo -

  HardInfo can gather information about your system's hardware and
  operating system, perform benchmarks, and generate printable reports
  either in HTML or in plain text formats. HardInfo performs CPU and FPU
  benchmarks and has a very clean GTK-based interface.

To install : sudo apt-get install hardinfo


Python module not found when launched in cron

Well the issue was pretty dumb, I did run pip install python-dotenv and sudo pip install python-dotenv (the script need root permission to access some folder) but I didn't do sudo -H pip install python-dotenv.

After running this command, the cron execute just fine.


Installation doesn't work on a Lenovo IdeaPad g570

Maybe it's a release problem, try to install another Ubuntu release.

A co-worker has a Lenovo (not the same as you) and he installed the last Ubuntu release with the same problem as you. He tried with the 11.10 version and everything was fine, and then apt-get dist-upgrade and everything is still running fine.

I hope this help!


An SNMP application is listening on port 161, how do I shut it down?

I don't know exactly what JIRA is, or if it needs or installed SNMP, but...

Check that an SNMP daemon is running, and if so, on what interfaces. Open terminal and type sudo netstat -lnp | grep 161, which should give you something like:

udp    0      0 127.0.0.1:161     0.0.0.0:*       5327/snmpd

If you get no output, you're safe, there's no SNMP; if it says 127.0.0.1, that's fine too, because it's only running on your local interface and cannot be accessed from outside the network.

If you do get something else, please pastebin the output of the above command and also dpkg -l | grep -i snmp and we can help you further in removing it.


In your case, ip r add 10.1.0.0 dev tun0 adds a "device route". That is, there is no gateway—meaning the gateway is 0.0.0.0.

In Network Manager just configure 0.0.0.0 as gateway.

What you currently cannot do with Network Manager is to use special wildcards to refer to the actual gateway as provided from the VPN (or DHCP, autoconf). Similar to OpenVPN's special names vpn_gateway or net_gateway.


Why are zombie processes being created upon boot?

In the UNIX world, developers sometimes use the term to refer to a program process that has died but hasn't yet given its process table entry back to the system.

When a process finishes execution, it will have an exit status to report to its parent process. Because of this last little bit of information, the process will remain in the operating system’s process table as a zombie process, indicating that it is not to be scheduled for further execution, but that it cannot be completely removed (and its process ID cannot be reused) until it has been determined that the exit status is no longer needed.

When a child exits, the parent process will receive a SIGCHLD signal to indicate that one of its children has finished executing; the parent process will typically call the wait() system call at this point. That call will provide the parent with the child’s exit status, and will cause the child to be reaped, or removed from the process table.

The idea behind keeping a zombie process is to keep the appropriate data structures about the termination of the process in case the parent ever gets interested via a wait.

You cannot kill zombies, as they are already dead. But if you have too many zombies then kill parent process or restart service.

You can kill zombie process using PID obtained from any one of the above command.

kill -9 <PID_Number>

Source:Mel Kham


How to make applications (e.g. Chromium) to fill two monitors when F11 button is pressed for Ubuntu 18.04?

This is possible by manually telling Compiz the screen output size, using the combined resolution of the two monitors. That's where the limitation kicks in: both displays need to have the same (vertical) resolution for this to make sense (else you'd end up with cut off content on the smaller screen or dead space on the bigger one).
For example with two monitors with 1920x1080 resolution, you'd:

Open the CompizConfig Settings Manager (if you haven't already, sudo apt install compizconfig-settings-manager package) and go to the General Options plugin.
On the Display Settings tab, disable the Detect Outputs checkbox, select the 640x480+0+0 entry and click on Edit,
Now change this to 3840x1080+0+0 (1920*2) and hit close.

EXAMPLE


You have to use the name your network adapter has, so in your case enp3s0 instead of eth0 :

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto enp3s0
iface enp3s0 inet dhcp


To create a 32-bit WINE prefix on a 64-bit Ubuntu system, you need to open a terminal and run the following command:

WINEPREFIX="$HOME/prefix32" WINEARCH=win32 wine wineboot

Where WINEPREFIX is the directory for the prefix
This directory must not already exist or you will get an error! Please do not manually create it in Nautilus or with mkdir./


Install Ubuntu Option when Booting from USB
To ensure that the Install Ubuntu option is available when booting from a Live/Persistent USB the expression only-ubiquity to the boot process.
For GRUB2, a menuentry may be added to grub.cfg:
menuentry "Ubuntu" {
    set gfxpayload=keep
    linux   /casper/vmlinuz  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed only-ubiquity quiet splash ---
    initrd  /casper/initrd
}

For Syslinux, edit syslinux.cfg or /isolinux/txt.cfg depending on which is used.
label live-install
  menu label ^Install Ubuntu
  kernel /casper/vmlinuz
  append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed only-ubiquity initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash ---

only-ubiquity can be added during a GRUB2 boot by pressing e when the menu appears and typing only-ubiquity at the end of the line that starts with linux.
only-ubiquity can be added during a syslinux boot by pressing the shift key, the ESC key at language, the F6 key and the Esc key again, type a space and then only-ubiquity.
This will activate the installer for only that session.
Syslinux usually has only-ubiquity built in. mkusb uses it in the GRUB boot menu.


Need help sharing folders from Mac OS 10.9.5 host with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS guest on Virtual Box 5.0.16

I was also seeing this problem running Ubuntu in VirtualBox on OS X.

The solution I found was to add my user name to the vboxsf group in /etc/group. Then log out and log in again. Then everything worked.


Openbox configuration doesn't take effect

To disable all decorations on all windows, your rc.xml should have a structure like so:

<applications>
  <application class="*">
    <decor>no</decor>
  </application>
</applications>

Ensure any other settings you want to keep are there.  You could also simply add lines 2-4 in the code block above within the existing <applications>element, but make sure there are no other settings there that state <decor>yes</decor>.


what rar password recovery tools are available?

You can try RarCrack.

RarCrack is a command line tool that allows users to recover passwords of compressed archive files.

RarCrack uses the bruteforce algorithm to guess forgotten passwords of archive files. To install RarCrack on Ubuntu 12.04, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ole.wolf/rarcrack
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rarcrack

To install on other Ubuntu distributions, you can download from here.


Installing GCC 3.2 : How to resolve error "lvalue required as increment operand"?

Once I faced a similar problem. I had this module 'r8169' which wasn't receiving packets from my wired connection. Then I had to build the previous module 'r8168' from source. This gave me similar errors like yours.

A possible fix is by going into superuser mode. Type

sudo su

Then type your password. The console will show you '#' instead of '$' for writing commands. Then try your commands again.

#mkdir gcc-build
#cd gcc-build
#tar zxvf gcc-3.2.tar.gz
#mkdir -p gcc-bin
#mkdir -p usr/local
#cd gcc-bin
#../gcc-build/gcc-3.2/configure --prefix=../gcc-build/usr/local
# make bootstrap

(and any other commands, if left).
Hopefully, it should work.


Set bash as default program for *.rdp files

I found my solution:
I created a .desktop file at /home/USERNAME/.local/share/applications/morphin.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Morphin
Exec=/opt/scripts/morphin.sh
Icon=/opt/scripts/morphin.png
Type=Application
NoDisplay=false
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=true
Categories=Application;Network;
Hidden=true

Finally I can see my program in other programs and I can launch it.


What is that & supposed to do?
The way you use it it will send conky -c ~/Conky/scripts/config1 in the background.


USB 3.0 hub not working with some devices on Ubuntu 18.04

I've had this problem on other distros like Linux Mint. They sometimes get out of sync with the central repository. Personally I think it is how firmware is managed and it's quite possible that the drivers you have for your hub are out of date with current Ubuntu firmware. If you're using an older machine don't bother trying to 'update firmware' cos you may brick your machine if you're unfamiliar with that. What you can do to confirm the problem is to run:

sudo lshw | more

to see if the usb-driver is loaded or use the modprobe -l utility.

If you don't see it in any of these listings then the firmware is not recognizing it and has blocked it. I think this has to do with new security features built into Ubuntu to lock down USB ports like secure mode. You may have to update how your boot-strap works by managing your uEFI bootstrap better with SHIM/MKO. See this site for help in fixing bootstrap. It describes how secure mode works and suggests other tools on how to manage / sign a USB driver.

If you have disabled secure mode in BIOS then most likely the new firmware (ucode) has locked out your hub. I often hit this bug after doing a distro update. If you did this recently or update-grub then you most likely got something out of sync. Distro upgrade utilities can run into problems and leave the system in a mess, and that's why some users avoid them then go for a fresh install. There are better tools out there for managing usb-utilities which Rod Smith describes in his book.


How to copy paste contents in the vi editor

First, make sure you're in edit mode (press i). Then you can paste with Ctrl+Shift+V, if you're in a terminal emulator like gnome-terminal (or select "Paste" from the right-click menu).

You can also type :set paste in vim before you paste to disable automated indenting, etc. Then :set nopaste after you've pasted the content.

Also check this question on stackoverflow.com for more information.

If you want to copy/paste lines in vim (as opposed to pasting clipboard content), you'll want to check out the yank command. Here is a cheat sheet that might help.


LVM volumes don't appear in Nautilus since upgrading to 11.10

It sounds like your LVM volumes were never configured to mount at boot to begin with, that requires user intervention to modify /etc/fstab. Even if Nautilus were functioning as it was, fstab isn't modified for runtime mounts, /etc/mtab is, which is sometimes a symlinked to /proc/mounts.

In examining gvfs behavior in 11.10 and 12.04, gvfs-mount -li doesn't seem to care at all for any fixed disks, it will list my cd-rw and that's it. This may have always been true, I haven't checked the changelogs.

It may be that this isn't gvfs related at all and volume mounting is enabled by Udisk, which will list every storage device in the system. That would indicate either that the data presented by Udisk has changed slightly which is then masking out your Logical Volumes, or Nautilus has changed the default policy somewhere and hid it in a code change or somewhere in the gconf registry.

Either way I would consider this a regression and worthy of a bug report.

I've always had a problem with storage "desktop volume click-to-mount/hotplug-mount" in Linux, the actual policy gets squirled away in the desktop implementation so every desktop gets to implement their own policy. That policy is never well documented.


You should burn a CD or create USB Drive with installation. Then run wubi. After you finish wubi will restart machine. But still Ubuntu is not there in your machine. To complete installation don't remove CD or USB from computer let ubuntu install to continue with it.


I finally found the problem.

The backup copied the files from the given source to the given target. However the target /mnt/Backup/ was not the mounted backup disk (which was /media/Backup/) but a simple folder. This means the backup files were copied to the root disk causing the root disk to completely run out of space. This is why Wine crashed and why the system stopped working. After booting in secure mode and removing the misguided backup everything seems to work fine again now.


How do I make nautilus use file-roller in Ubuntu 18.04 and above like in 17.04?

Ubuntu 18.04+ method:

Since nautilus-actions package is not yet in Ubuntu 18.04's official repositories, it's better to use nautilus script instead of nautilus-actions, which doesn't require any additional installation like for nautilus-actions.

You can do it easily by below commands:

echo file-roller -d \$@ > ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/File-Roller
chmod +x ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/File-Roller

After that you can see File-Roller option in right click Scripts menu.


Ubuntu installation error for 13.04 and 12.04

I had also similar installation problem, but later on I had found that that problem was actually in my hard disk drive. It was locked. In "Try Ubuntu" format your hard disk. Maybe this solves your problem!


How can I fix no HDMI sound output, despite HDMI sound option being available in sound settings?

Roll back the Nvidia driver, problem solved. THere is a bug in the new driver, but version 7.15.11.7597 works.


To view NAT Rules use

iptables -t nat -L -n -v

not only iptables -L


Installing the latest version of Apache 2.4 from trusty backports throws dependency errors

The Backports repository is set to not be installed from in a default instance of Ubuntu (the priority of 500 is higher than 100, which is shown in your output; this has also been the standard for some time now).  To make all the dependencies install from the trusty-backports repository, we have to do one of two things to make apt know what we want it to do (yes, apt and apt-get are not as smart as we would like it to be):

(1) Specify all the dependencies to install from backports, with packagename/trusty-backports which is unwieldy unless you know all the dependent packages, or the easier way...

(2) Tell apt-get when we run the command  we want to specifically use backports for it as the 'target release' for installing.

sudo apt-get -t trusty-backports install apache2

This will then pull in the dependencies from the backports repository and should upgrade the Apache software accordingly.


I see that this post is an oldie, but it never hurts to write a few lines as I was struggling with the same problem.

First of all, the purpose of the program is to "change" the MAC address of your interface, connected to the Internet. Without going into further detail on how handshakes work and how does a computer "get an IP from a router", I'll give you the solution to the question you asked:

sudo ifconfig eth0 down
sudo macchanger -r eth0
sudo ifconfig eth0 up
sudo systemctl restart networking

You must firstly get your interface down, change the mac address and after that give a fresh restart to your system.
Now, I'm assuming that you're using a newer version of Linux, that's why I'm including the systemctl command there.

You can use the /etc/init.d directory to refer to the networking module or use the service command.

Either way, you'll get the same results.

If this doesn't help, proceed with the following:

Check if the network-manager is working
Check if your interface supports mac changes


The command-line tool of gparted is parted. For example you can list all devices with:

user@pc:~$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA ST980811AS (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 80,0GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system     Flags
 1      1049kB  3072MB  3071MB  primary  linux-swap(v1)
 2      3072MB  23,1GB  20,0GB  primary  ext4            boot
 3      23,1GB  80,0GB  57,0GB  primary  ext4

For pipe it to a file use

sudo parted -l > file.txt

Please use the man page

man parted

for more details.