How to copy files downloaded in ubuntu to windows partitions?

First let me say that mounting the Windows C: drive in Ubuntu, and then trying to manipulate Windows directories from Ubuntu, can cause Windows problems. Bad idea.
Do NOT install any Windows drivers that say they'll let you read/write to Linux ext2/3/4 partitions. It WILL corrupt your Ubuntu partitions.
The BEST way to move files between Ubuntu and Windows is to create an extra NTFS partition on your hard disk. Place files to be shared into a directory there, and you can access them from either OS.
Another way to move files is to copy them to a USB pen/flash drive, and then you can easily access them from either OS.


lightdm-gtk-greeter power and settings indicator show no icon

Add this to your lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf or lightdm-gtk-greeter-ubuntu.conf file:

[greeter]
icon-theme-name=Humanity


how to install xwindows client in my ubuntu?

Actually, xwindows terminology is the reverse of what you expect. Regardless,

ssh -Y

Will forward your local X11 Display, and then your client    should be able to connect to your local X11 server.


How to add ID3 "cover art" by command line?

An excellent Python application that I routinely use to add cover art to mp3 files is the command line applicationeyeD3. This can be installed from a Terminal as follows:

sudo apt-get install eyed3

Here is an example of a command to add a cover image named cover.jpg to an mp3 file named test.mp3:

eyeD3 --add-image "cover.jpg:FRONT_COVER" test.mp3

See an example below of this at work on my own computer, adding a cover image to an mp3 otherwise empty of meta tags:

andrew@ilium~$ eyeD3 --add-image "cover.jpg:FRONT_COVER" test.mp3
test.mp3    [ 946.12 KB ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adding image cover.jpg
Time: 01:00 MPEG1, Layer III    [ 128 kb/s @ 44100 Hz - Joint stereo ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ID3 v2.4:
title:
artist:
album:
album artist: None
track:
FRONT_COVER Image: [Size: 95788 bytes] [Type: image/jpeg]
Description:

Writing ID3 version v2.4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
andrew@ilium~$

There are many other options for adding images although I have given the basic syntax above. Below are these other options:

  --add-image IMG_PATH:TYPE[:DESCRIPTION]
                        Add or replace an image. There may be more than one
                        image in a tag, as long as the DESCRIPTION values are
                        unique. The default DESCRIPTION is ''. If PATH begins
                        with 'http[s]://' then it is interpreted as a URL
                        instead of a file containing image data. The TYPE must
                        be one of the following: OTHER, ICON, OTHER_ICON,
                        FRONT_COVER, BACK_COVER, LEAFLET, MEDIA, LEAD_ARTIST,
                        ARTIST, CONDUCTOR, BAND, COMPOSER, LYRICIST,
                        RECORDING_LOCATION, DURING_RECORDING,
                        DURING_PERFORMANCE, VIDEO, BRIGHT_COLORED_FISH,
                        ILLUSTRATION, BAND_LOGO, PUBLISHER_LOGO.

References:

eyeD3: Complex Options (Images)


What kind of sensitive information gdm log files may contain?

These logs store output of X server (which provides a basis for graphical user interfaces) and gdm-binary itself (which launches sessions), so the only sensitive information is probably just your username(s).

The best way would be to open those logs in /var/log/gdm as root and check for yourself.


Where does update-secureboot-policy save the keys?

I faced the same problem. So I used
sudo find / -type f -name '*MOK*'
Keys were found in /var/lib/shim-signed/mok/*
Then I rebuild drivers and execute command
sudo /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/scripts/sign-file sha256 /var/lib/shim-signed/mok/MOK.priv /var/lib/shim-signed/mok/MOK.der $(modinfo -n vmmon) to sign new module
In your case probably you have another module name (not vmmon)
Do not forget restart VM service via init or systemd depending on your platform


Where is the flash whitelist and blacklist on Firefox?

Check https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/1011980 :

  by jscher2000 posted 7/23/14 7:46 AM

  When you are on the page, call up the Page Info dialog using one of
  these methods:

  right-click and choose View Page Info > Permissions
  (menu bar) Tools > Page Info > Permissions
  click the padlock or globe icon > More Information > Permissions

  You should find a list of permissions for each of your plugins. Can
  you fix it there?


Ubuntu 14.04, wifi connection but no Internet, no usb recognized, can't shut down or restart properly

You didn't include much about your problem and given that you claim not to be very good with Linux, I would recommend the following:

Create an Ubuntu live USB using another computer with Windows or Ubuntu.
Use it to backup all your data.

Unplug your new USB mouse and connect your laptop to internet with an ethernet cable.
Open a console and type the following to upgrade to Ubuntu 15.04

sudo do-release-upgrade

Hopefully your problem will go away after the upgrade.


How to disable PS3 accelerometers through usb, no bluetooth

i found a workaround that effectively disables them using jstest-gtk, i increased the deadzone in the calibration menu for the corresponding axis's that the tilt accelerometers use, and now they don't do anything unless im shaking my controller. i can now set controls without them in the way.

i set all the values on the axis's 23-26 to:

248, 574, 63, 959

not much of a change from the original values but this works for me.


Software Center crash, sources.list error 13.04

Edit /etc/apt/sources.list to fix the broken lines.

To do this, run this command in a Terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T:

sudo -H gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Find and comment or delete line 59. It should look like:

deb http://repository.spotify.com ...

Save the file and quit the text editor. Then run this command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get update


Splash screen issues after force restart

I got the same problem, but it is solved by following the suggestion from the post Link. You may try it.
(Press control + alt + f1 to log in first.)


How to set active tab in gnome-terminal?

Create the script bellow , make it executable with chmod +x scriptname, where script name is actual script name.

Run the script with 4 parameters. For example, I run it with
activetab.sh TAB-1 TAB-2 TAB-3 TAB-4. You can call tabs anything you want, TAB-1 is just example.

You will be prompted for which tab you want to focus on, type it exactly as you've typed it in the argument

Note: you will need to have wmctrl and xdotool installed for this script to work ! sudo apt-get install wmctrl xdotool

The script

#!/bin/bash
# Author : Serg Kolo
# Date: April 11,2015
# Description: Open gnome-terminal with 4 tabs, and focus on tab with particular name
#
# set -x
echo "Which window to focus ? "
read FOCUS

gnome-terminal --tab -t $1  --tab -t $2  --tab -t  $3 --tab -t $4

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    sleep 0.5
    WINID=$(xprop -root | awk '/_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW/ && /0x/ {print $5}' | cut -d'x' -f2)

    while [ $(wmctrl -l | grep $WINID | awk '{print $4}') != $FOCUS ]; do
        xdotool key Ctrl+Page_Up
    done

fi

Demo

If you can't see animation bellow, open it in different browser (chromium or google chrome) , or follow this link :  http://i.stack.imgur.com/2sWMb.gif


For setting up a pptp vpn on lubuntu I went through a lot of trouble.
 The details on how I managed to do so are described in this link.
Maybe it can help you.
In searching for a solution, I read a lot of warnings that pptp is unsafe and should be avoided where possible, so I carefully pass this warning on.


At the moment, you can't translate the web ui. There's 2 reasons for this:

There's a lot of actual technical work that needs to be done, and it hasn't been a priority so far
Since we sell plans, the translations are a sensitive issue since it can lead to fraud. We would need some oversight over the translations, and we don't have the resources to do this for many languages

I do understand, though, the importance of internationalisation, and it comes up frequently in our discussions so I'm sure we'll eventually manage to carve out the time and budget to kick it off.


Unity poor performance after upgrading to 13.10

I would start by looking at the dmesg and xorg.0.log logs (in /var/log/).  I found that the new video drivers required a BIOS upgrade.  The logs should give you a clue where to begin.  Add them to you question for a better answer.


MATLAB R2014a on Ubuntu 12.04 Installation issue (BadMatch. X_PutImage)

OK - figured it out after connecting with a different PC.

Don't use Microsoft Remote Desktop Client (v2.1.1) for OS X.

See here for alternative clients.


Why my process is still running after I log out?

Tl;dr:

Why can the sleep process survive when I log out and the terminal is closed? In my mind, everything except daemons and nohup programs will be killed during logout. If sleep can survive in this way, does it mean that I can use this method instead of the nohup command?

Unless the bash instance spawned by ssh has the huponexit option set, no process will be terminated by any mean upon exit / log out, and when the huponexit option is set, using kill -9 on the shell is not a good alternative to using nohup on the shell's child processes; nohup on the shell's child processes will still protect them from SIGHUPs not coming from the shell, and even when that is not important nohup is still to be preferred because it allows the shell to be terminated gracefully.

In bash there's an option called huponexit, which if set will make bash SIGHUP its children upon exit / logout;
In interactive non-login bash instances, such as in a bash instance spawned by gnome-terminal, this option is ignored; whether huponexit is set or unset, bash's children will never be SIGHUPped by bash upon exit;
In interactive login bash instances, such as in a bash instance spawned by ssh, this option is not ignored (however it is unset by default); if huponexit is set, bash's children will be SIGHUPped by bash upon exit / logout; if huponexit is unset, bash's children will not be SIGHUPped by bash upon exit / logout;
So in general exiting / logging out from an interactive login bash instance, unless the huponexit option is set, won't make the shell SIGHUP its children, and exiting / logging out from an interactive non-login bash instance won't make the shell SIGHUP its children regardless;
This is, however, irrelevant in this case: using kill -9 sleep will survive regardless, because killing its parent process (bash) won't leave a chance for the latter to do anything to the former (i.e., e.g., if the current bash instance was a login bash instance and the huponexit option was set, to SIGHUP it).
Adding to this, unlike other signals (like a SIGHUP signal sent to bash), a SIGKILL signal is never propagated to a process's child processes, hence sleep is not even killed;
nohup starts a process immune to SIGHUP signals, which is something different; it will prevent the process hanging up upon the reception of a SIGHUP signal, which in this case could be received by the interactive login bash instance in case the huponexit option was set and the shell exited; so technically using nohup to start a process in an interactive login bash instance with the huponexit option unset will prevent the process from hanging up upon the reception of a SIGHUP signal, but exiting / logging out of the shell won't SIGHUP it regardless;
In general, however, when nohup is needed to prevent SIGHUP signals coming from the parent shell, there's no reason to prefer the kill -9 on the parent method to the nohup on the child method; instead, it should be the opposite.
Killing the parent using the kill -9 method doesn't leave a chance for the parent to exit gracefully, while starting the child using the nohup method allows the parent to be terminated by other signals, such as SIGHUP (to make an example which makes sense in the context of a child started using nohup), which allow it to exit gracefully.


Locked out of admin after setting up winbind

Try this.

-Restart your computer (into recovery)
-Choose advanced then recovery
-Choose command prompt
-Mount file system read/write "mount -o remount,rw /"
-Rename /etc/samba/smb.conf to something else
-Reboot
-Choose advanced then recovery then command line
-Mount file system "mount -o remount,rw /"
-Change your user password back to original with command "passwd " (=YOUR ORIGINAL USERNAME)
Now you should be prompted to type the new password TWICE

Don't screw around while your drives are mounted rw & make sure yoou use your original password!


How to change ubuntu gnome Logo in details panel

If I remember correctly those icons are located in one of the following directories and are mostly multiple ones with different sizes:

/usr/share/plymouth/
/usr/share/plymouth/themes
/usr/share/icons/gnome/

Remember to take a backup of the files you change beforehand so you can revert back in case of something unexpected happening.


I downloaded and installed pip. How to install packages?

First to search for a package on PyPI

pip search <seach_string>

Example:

pip search ply | grep -i '^ply'

Output:

plyer                     - Platform-independant wrapper for platform-dependant APIs
plyvel                    - Plyvel, a fast and feature-rich Python interface to LevelDB
plywood                   - A template language grammar inspired by the Python code aesthetic
ply                       - Python Lex & Yacc
plytix-retailers-sdk      - Plytix Retailers SDK for Python
plymgf                    - A MGF files reader with PLY
plyfile                   - PLY file reader/writer
plypatch                  - Ply: Git-based Patch Management
plyj                      - A Java parser written in Python using PLY.
plyr                      - UNKNOWN
PlyPlus                   - a friendly yet powerful LR-parser written in Python

Then Install the package you want:

pip install <package_name>

Example:

pip install ply


Error after sudo-ing "sudo: must be setuid root"

Reboot the computer,choose recovery console and type the following commands

chown root:root /usr/bin/sudo

chmod 4755 /usr/bin/sudo
Reboot the machine.
Also have a look at this link for fixing broken sudo.


How to restart alt+f2 dialog in kde after xkill?

The program is called krunner and that's what you have to run:

krunner


Ubuntu 20.04 not booting after choosing different NVidia Proprietary driver. Failed to start NVidia Persistence Daemon

I was able to fix using the below steps:
While booting, keep pressing Esc after the manufacturer logo and before the Ubuntu logo appears.
The GRUB Menu should appear. But for me I got the GRUB command line instead.
grub>

Type normal and hit Enter. And keep pressing Esc again.
Will get the GRUB menu now.
Choose the line that starts with "Advance Options:" and hit Enter.
You will get a Recovery Menu box:
Choose the option
root  - Drop to root shell prompt.

You will get the root command prompt at the bottom of the screen.
Type the below commands to fix it, i.e, to uninstall/remove the Nvidia proprietary drivers and install the default drivers.
ubuntu-drivers list  # To see the list of drivers
apt-get remove --purge '^nvidia-.*'
apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
reboot # to restart the system.

The Ubuntu was rebooting again as usual.


11.10 wubi not able to access windows drives

Using cairo-dock its possible. have tested and it worked


I have to use the following command from terminal:
kquitapp5 plasmashell && kstart5 plasmashell &

but yes I am also looking for solution to make it start automatically as in single display.


How to boot into Ubuntu after installing into a pre-installed Windows 8 pc?

1.Log in into your windows 8 os.Download and install EasyBCD from here.

2.Under linux section add a boot entry for your Ubuntu Partition.And also add entry for your windows 8 partition.

3.reboot

Or

try boot-repair disk .


This can be done, albeit with a lot of work - so is not really worth it.

Your best bet is to install 14.04 from scratch - ie. a fresh install.

However, if you really want to do a downgrade, take a look at this answer.


Making a Ubuntu pedrive into a regular pendrive

How well did you wipe this drive?  If you used anything worth its salt (DBAN, the shred command), you won't be able to get anything useful back.

If you actually just deleted the partitions, the good news is it's definitely possible.
I would suggest using GPart (or its front-end GParted), which are included in the Ubuntu LiveCD, to recover the old partitions entirely.  That way, photorec won't have to snoop through the whole drive - you'll have the whole filesystem back.  In addition to GPart, the guide has a link to another that'd let you use TestDisk or parted to do the same thing.

You can also use GParted to reformat your USB (as long as you aren't currently booting from it), or even shrink the existing partition so you can make a new one for file storage.  You may have to make several trips between computers to get all of your data, but once that's done you can reinstall the LiveCD the same way you installed it before, or return it to its former size, if you wish.


The time is shown by default, so it looks like you've changed something to make it disappear.

Do you still see the date? Right-click the date, select "Time & Date Settings", go to the "Clock" tabsheet, make sure that "Show a clock in the menu bar" is checked.

If you don't see the date, go to System Settings, where you'll also find the "Time & Date" settings.

There is no longer a "Time & Date" setting in System Setting - Ubuntu 12.10 - but this link describes how to enable these on the display:

(note: dconf-editor is already installed by default)

How to make the date appear next to the time indicator in Gnome Classic?


How can I Install Ubuntu 12.04 for an AMD processor?

By code if you mean product keys like windows then answer is no.

Ubuntu is completely free of charge. You don't need any product code. You can download it, burn a disc or create a live USB (using appropriate software) and install it. Even before installing you can select Try Ubuntu to run it directly from the live CD/DVD/USB.


It is still handled by apt. All the Graphic Software install programs in Ubuntu do invoke apt in the background and provide buttons and a nice looking gui. But it's nearly the same as when you type apt-get install <package-name> in a terminal.


Erratic text input problem with CudaText editor

Just in case anyone else gets hit with this: the issue did indeed appear to be with having xim as the system's input method.

I struggled to get my "input method" to none but ... my system changes seem now to have "stuck". At first, it kept coming up xim no matter what I did. But now my system settings show "none" for "input method", and I get this when checking in terminal:

$ im-config -m
default
none
ibus

ibus

And CudaText is now accepting input perfectly. I'm not sure why I had such a hard time with this, but it's good to know that this configuration fixes the issue I had.


Authentication failure while connecting to server imap.gmail.com

Per:  https://superuser.com/a/1499160/55747

Solution suggested in this thread solved my problem.

It seems, that gmail fails authentication when it detects useragent of inbuilt Thunderbird browser.

The solution is to set "general.useragent.compatMode.firefox" property to true. This is done with config editor (Options > Advanced > General > Config Editor...).


sudo apt-get autoremove was for removing a package that was effectively clutter.

The answer to your problem is most likely to be in the last 'paragraph.' The problem looks like it's unable to locate a /boot/grub/menu.lst file. It asks, Would you like /boot/grub/menu.lst generated for you? (y/N)

If you said no (N), you likely need to try again but say yes (y).

If you said yes, I recommend checking if the file exists in your system. If it doesn't, you can create a blank file and see if that works. If it does, you can attempt to read it to see if it has an obvious issue or temporarily rename it for safekeeping and replace it with a blank file.

Here is a question where someone had the same error message and the accepted answer involved creating a blank file by that name:
Ubuntu Server 18.04 apt-get Fails


Followed default options in installation, now have a tiny drive

Because you only chose to allocate that much when you installed.  To increase it now you can do:

sudo lvresize -L 100g server5-vg/root
sudo resize2fs /dev/server5-vg/root


On some aspire netbooks you need to enable you need to turn on network boot in the BOIS. See more here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AspireOne722#Booting_USB_media.


Web Server in Ubuntu Server vs in Ubuntu Desktop

There is NO difference what to use as a server. You can use either server or desktop Ubuntu version.

The difference of the versions is in pre-installed packages. The most obvious difference is that the server version does not have a GUI.


Can't detect Wily bootable USB stick under UEFI

How did you prepare the USB drive? Some programs for writing .iso files to USB flash drives omit EFI boot loaders and so won't work for booting in EFI mode. Some have options that affect bootability. Some create USB flash drives that work OK on some EFI-based computers but not on others. In short, you may need to try another program. I have notes on several programs here. In brief, Rufus under Windows seems pretty flexible and reliable. From Ubuntu, I generally use dd, but some people like UNetbootin. Even if you use a program that's generally reliable, though, it might be failing for your computer, so you may need to try something else.

If you are forced to do a BIOS/CSM/legacy-mode install, I recommend doing it as follows:

Launch the installer in its "try before installing" mode.
Open a Terminal window.
Type ubiquity -b. This launches the installer and tells it to not install a boot loader.
When the installation has finished, boot with the rEFInd USB flash drive you already have. It should detect your Ubuntu installation and enable you to boot it.
Install the EFI-mode version of GRUB (in the grub-efi package), rEFInd, or any other boot loader you like to the computer's hard disk. This should enable you to boot without the rEFInd USB drive.

Upon re-reading your answer, it's unclear if you used rEFInd on a USB drive or installed it from Windows. If the latter, you may need to install an EFI filesystem driver for your Ubuntu filesystem (ext4fs by default), but if you're happy with rEFInd, you won't need to re-install it.


creating swap partition, convert primary partitions to logical

First, if Windows 8 was pre-installed on the computer, it probably used the GUID Partition Table (GPT), which does not suffer from the 4-partition limit of the older Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioning system. Therefore, I recommend you check your partition table type. You can do this from an Ubuntu live disk (or your installed Ubuntu, if you've gotten that far) by typing sudo parted /dev/sda print | grep Table. (This assumes you've got just one disk; if you've got more than one disk, do the same for each one, such as /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, and so on.) If the output reads Partition Table: gpt, you're using GPT, and something other than the 4-partition limit is causing you problems; if it reads Partition Table: msdos, then you're using MBR. All this said, your symptom certainly sounds like the MBR 4-partition limit, so I'll assume that's what you're encountering. (Windows 8 may use MBR if you installed it or re-installed yourself, especially on an older computer.)

In Linux, if you type sudo parted /dev/sda print, you'll see your partitions. Primaries are numbered 1-4 and logical partitions are numbered 5 and up. The same is true if you use sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda. In GParted, the same numbering applies, but you'll also see the representation in the GUI shows logical partitions contained in the pale blue extended partition. This is easy to overlook, but it's pretty clear once you know about it. Third-party Windows tools should make this clear, too, although I'm not familiar enough with any of them to give you details. Unfortunately, the stock GUI tools that come with Windows are as clear as mud about this, so I don't recommend you use them for this purpose. Also, do not use the stock Windows tools to create partitions, particularly if that would bring their number over 4; these tools tend to convert from a plain-vanilla MBR setup to a proprietary Windows format atop MBR, and that proprietary format is essentially unusable for Ubuntu.

As to converting partitions from one type to another, it is possible, using the fixparts program that comes with Ubuntu in the gdisk package. See its online documentation for details. (Note: I'm the author of FixParts.) The big caveat is that converting to logical form requires a small gap before each to-be-logical partition. Given your layout, you might need to slightly shrink the partition before your Linux partition to make this work. Some third-party Windows tools can also reportedly do this conversion, but I'm not familiar enough with them to give details. There is a Windows version of FixParts, too. Whenever you muck with partition tables, there's some risk of catastrophic data loss, so you should definitely do this only after backing up important data. That said, the primary-to-logical conversion is simple compared to some (such as partition resizing, especially resizing from the front of the partition).

Swap space is optional for most purposes. Today, it's most useful if you want to perform suspend-to-disk operations, in which case you need at least as much swap space as you have RAM. It's also useful if you've got relatively little RAM, and to help the kernel improve performance by allocating RAM efficiently. (It can swap out programs you haven't used in ages, freeing up the RAM for use by caches.) You can set up a swap file rather than a swap partition, if you so desire.


What am I missing with linux user names and command lines?

Your command-line prompt is defined in the startup script of the shell (bash by default, but YMMV); the default in Ubuntu is to set it to $USER@$HOST, in other words, the user@servername you are looking at.

You normally log in to your user on an Ubuntu machine; this user has relatively low privileges --- reading world readable files, reading/writing their own files, using the public services (printers, etc.) but no configuring them. The "administrator" user in Unix machines is called root (aka superuser), and has all privileges --- it can do anything to the system. When you switch from your normal user to root, the prompt changes as a way to warn you.

To do the switch there have been traditionally two ways: one is to log in directly as root, and the other one is gaining privileges with a command like su or sudo (su stands for switch user). In Ubuntu the first method is frowned upon; normally the root user has no password at all and can't login directly.

The Ubuntu Way to get root permission is that a subset of users, the ones that are in the sudo or adm group, can switch to superuser "powers" by sudo -i. You can check with the command groups:

[romano:~] % groups
romano adm mail dialout cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare vboxusers

(the group system is the Unix way to give partial privileges to user).

Look at this example for my prompt (this is not standard, I use liquidprompt):

For digging more, this unix tutorial is a good source of information.


What happens after the core selects mass-storage

Once usb-storage attaches the device to a given interface, the kernel also starts the SCSI emulation process if applicable, defining sg and sd names (like /dev/sdb that is most important for us).

To check which device corresponds to scsi6 install the sg3-utils package:

sudo apt-get install sg3-utils

And type the following command:

sudo sg_scan

You'll get an output similar to this one:

/dev/sg0: scsi0 channel=0 id=0 lun=0 [em]
/dev/sg1: scsi1 channel=0 id=0 lun=0 [em]
/dev/sg2: scsi6 channel=0 id=0 lun=0 [em]

Here scsi6 is defined as /dev/sg2.

EDIT:

USB mass-storage devices can also use SCSI commands defined by various SCSI standards.

The SCSI command sets specify a protocol for transferring blocks of data and status and control information such as a device's capacity and readiness to exchange data. Devices with USB and other hardware interfaces can use the SCSI command sets.

I does not mean that usb-storage gives control to SCSI, Hard drives, flash drives, and other USB mass-storage devices support commands in the SCSI Primary Command (SPC) Set and SCSI Block Command (SBC) Set from www.t10.org (INCITS Technical Committee T10).

Source


How to remove postgres 12 - Can't open /usr/share/postgresql-common/maintscripts-functions

Have you tried removing removinig it through apt? To remove a package and associated config files through apt you can do
sudo apt remove --purge <package name>

If you want to just remove the package and keep associated files, you can just leave out the --purge flag, but it's often more useful to get rid of everything.


ssh connection between two distant computer

Port 22 is open in your local PC. Make sure that your Firewall/router has been configured to port-forward port 22 to the computer on your network correctly.


remote desktop from windows10 to ubuntu without log out

If you look at the login failed screenshot, the message is quite clear... password failed.
This could be a known issue with Ubuntu 16.04 and the xrdp pacakge shipped with this version.  By default the login screen of xRDP is using an English Keyboard Layout.. So, if you try to type your password in the user box, you should be able to assess if the keyboard layout is set to what you expect to have...
Quick way to fix the keyboard layout is to execute the following commands

Step 1 : You go to the /etc/xrdp directory
Step 2 : you issue the command setxkbmap -layout <%your layout%> to
define which keyboard map/layout to use
Step 3 : create a copy of the km-0409.ini file into the same directory. It seems that this is the
default file used by xrdp to define the keyboard layout. You will need
to use sudo in order to be able to write into the directory
Step 4 : Check that you have a backup of your file by typing the dir
or ls command
Step 5 : update the file by issuing the following command sudo
xrdp-genkeymap km-0409.ini

More information at http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=8952
Another option if you are ready to take a small risk is to use a script that compile xrdp from source and allows you to access your Unity Desktop through Remote desktop connection
Please read info at http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=11719
A new consolidated version of the xrdp installer script is being worked out at http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=13873.  This link provides just a preview.. When Ubuntu 19.10 will be released, a final version of this script would be made avaialable
Hope this help
Till next time


What does it mean that my GPU is running 0 ops per second

It may be a bug

For more details check this.


I suggest you install Ubuntu Server edition.

It seems to fit your needs.


How to copy files and rename on the fly when source filename contains embedded spaces

for i in *.jpg ; do
  cp -p "$i" "/media/stephen/WDMyBook1_ext4/PicturesRenamedByDateTaken/2009/20090314/20090314${i##* }"
done

The shell parameter expansion ${i##* } removes the longest prefix ending in a space (i.e. everything up to and including the space before the 00n.jpg numeric suffix). There is no need to use echo.

I'm assuming this is a local copy so you don't need scp.

Note: if you want to derive the 20090314 programmatically from the directory name, that's doable - but obviously complicates things a little.


How to wipe and repartition dualboot and reinstall Ubuntu

The easiest way is to boot from a LiveUSB, click on "Install Ubuntu", keep the default settings, and let the Ubuntu installer do all the work.

WARNING: This method will delete all existing data and partitions irrevocably. So be sure you have preserved all the data you want to keep!


How to migrate/merge files from one user to another user in same computer?

Move all the files with mv or copy with cp (man mv or man cp to get the syntax right). You may have to be root (ie use sudo) to do it, depending on permissions. Then, once the move/copy is done, sudo chown -R newuser:newuser <everything you moved>.


I've used 2 methods.

In the file menu you can export the VM and put it on some other media to use in VB.
You can copy the ~/.VirtualBox and the folder where you've saved the VB disk images to   other media and then copy them back after your re-install  (Like this personal)


Totem not playing certain videos in 12.04

For 12.04

Until the bug is fixed & atm there is no movement towards doing so we've tracked this down to a plugin in gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad, specifically libgstvideoparsersbad.so

So if desired you can move that plugin to a .bak & it should clear up decoding issues caused by this bug

For 64 bit install

sudo mv /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gstreamer-0.10/libgstvideoparsersbad.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gstreamer-0.10/libgstvideoparsersbad.so.bak

For 32 bit install

sudo mv /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gstreamer-0.10/libgstvideoparsersbad.so /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gstreamer-0.10/libgstvideoparsersbad.so.bak

What, if any, loss of function is unclear here, I've seen none Yet, obviously the hope is this bug will be addressed in 12.04, current report - https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gstreamer0.10/+bug/973014

The best self fix until bug is resolved is to patch & rebuild the bad plugins source. A quick howto here - http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=12118375&postcount=6


Wifi is slow and unstable on ubuntu 20.04 dual boot (DELL XPS-L502X)

I finally solved this after browsing and trying a couple of threads on various blogs.

The problem: My router is old and didn't supported 802.11n protocol, that caused the internet to slow down only in Ubuntu because by default it was being used.

The Solution:  To force disable the 802.11 protocol permanently:

Step 1:  Open iwlwifi.conf using nano or any other text editor.

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf

Step 2: Add a line to force disable 802.11n protocol

options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1

Step 3: Save and reboot your PC.

NOTE: The changes won't take effect until you reboot your PC.

If you want to reverse the changes the please remove the line you've added and reboot.

This solved my problem and If your PC has the same issue, I'm sure it will solve yours too.


ntpdate is deprecated as of September 2012; apparently ntpd now has the ability to do one-time updates if needed, and ntpdate is based on "long-neglected" ntpd code. (News to me, since my system has ntpdate but not ntpd! I'll be fixing that presently; thanks for asking this question.)

As for the difference between continuous versus periodic updates, I think the trade-offs there are what you would expect; continuous adjustments maintain better accuracy over time, which can be important for databases and MailDir (see same link). But of course this would require slightly more network traffic (presumably negligible for exchanging simple timestamps) as well as an always-online network connection, slight consumption of RAM and CPU, etc. But all these downsides are tiny in a modern computing environment; overall I doubt there are good reasons to substitute cron for ntpd.


Alternative versions of Ubuntu for an old notebook

On such a "low-end" device I'd recommend Lubuntu. Lubuntu is a lightweight version of Ubuntu, using the LXDE desktop environment.

It is specificly designed to work on machines with low amounts of RAM, old CPU's and small harddrives.

Download it from http://lubuntu.net/ , burn a CD/DVD with it, and try it out in the Live session.


To install it :

If you're using Ubuntu 14.04 :

ffmpeg was replaced in previous releases by the avconv program from the libav project.

To install avconv you need to install the libav-tools package:

sudo apt-get install libav-tools

Or use PPA :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mc3man/trusty-media
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg

If you're using Ubuntu 15.04 :

FFmpeg Returns To The Official Ubuntu Repositories With Ubuntu 15.04 Vivid Vervet.

Just type :

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

For more info :

Is FFmpeg missing from the official repositories in 14.04?

Install FFmpeg on Ubuntu 14.10 Using PPA


How can I print four copies of single image on a sheet of paper, one in each corner?

Here's an example for making a comp with ImageMagick.

convert xc:white -page A4 \
    -page +0+0 image.tiff \
    -page +250+0 image.tiff \
    -page +0+250 image.tiff \
    -page +250+250 image.tiff \
    -flatten output.pdf

I don't know what the exact coordinates will be, but try this and play around with it.

The quick alternative would just be using something like Inkscape or GIMP to create a composition manually.


Need to move space out of extended partition

Since you only have three primary partitions (including the extended, you can just shrink the extended (making sure its end is at or beyond the end of sda5), and make one new partition at location of the unallocated space.  Best to use a partitioning tool in which you can see the exact partition start/end in sectors, to avoid overlap.  The new partition will probably be given a number like sda2, but the numbers do not have to be in order.


You have to include the network source (s_net) in a log statement, otherwise it is not used. Like:

destination d_fromnet {file("/var/log/fromnet");};
log {source(s_net); destination(d_fromnet);};


HP LaserJet Pro M1132 Multifunction Printer on Ubuntu 20.04

As mentioned in the comment above you could couse cups with egs.hplib to get your printer running. you can access cups via your browser via localhost:631. You need to enter your current username and password.
For the infos required by cups its normally the easiest, if you just go to your printer and search for your (network)printer settings and print them out.
Openprinting
https://www.openprinting.org/printer/HP/HP-HP_LaserJet_Professional_M1132_MFP
alternativly lists a second free driver for your M1132
https://www.openprinting.org/driver/foo2xqx
you can download the driver directly from their project page. Installation guide is provided.
http://foo2xqx.rkkda.com/
Hope that helps.


how to get c, c++, and java compilers in linux ubuntu?

Just open a terminal and type in:

sudo apt-get install build-essential

That should do it.


boot-repair should help you out. Just boot ubuntu out of a LiveCD, do not install it bust just "try it out", and install boot-repair (explained here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair). Click on recommended repair, and that's it!


Have you tried logging out and back in? You don't need to set those environment variables. The /usr/local/share path is included in XDG_DATA_DIRS by default.

The warning message probably came as a result of you installing it as the root user, rather than the normal user. You should likely just ignore it, and should be able to run view3dscene just fine as your normal user if you've installed it properly.


This sounds like neither your /etc/dput.cf nor ~/.dput.cf has a properly-configured [ppa] section.  It's not quite clear why since the stock configuration in both Debian and Ubuntu has it.  However, you should be able to work around this by adding the following to ~/.dput.cf:

[ppa]
fqdn                    = ppa.launchpad.net
method                  = ftp
incoming                = ~%(ppa)s
login                   = anonymous


How to block the use of apps from other users

If a program is shared in /usr/share, then all users have rights to execute them. A simple way of restricting other users from executing these files, without uninstalling and reinstalling, is by changing the access permissions.

Run this line of code, replace program with the name of the program you wish to restrict permissions. (Replace /usr/share with the actual location if the file you are restricting isn't in the share file.)

$ ls -al /usr/share | grep program

Out put is going to be something like

drwxr-xr-x   3 ben   adm   102B Feb 12 23:11 program

In my case, the file is readable and executable by every user, the owner is me (ben), and it belongs to the group adm(administrators).

We want the files group to be something that only the admins can access. Use a group that all admins are in (such as adm), and change it using:

 # chown :adm /usr/share/program

Next we wanna change it to only be readable and executable by the owner and the group.

# chmod 750 /usr/share/program

That will change the permissions to drwxr-x---

Success!

That should do the trick. Test it out and lemme know if it doesn't work?!?!

Also, here's how permissions work on files https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/309527-understanding-linux-file-permissions Hope that's useful for the future.


Ubuntu upgraded from 16.04 to 17.04, keyboard and usb don't work anymore

I solved the issue following these steps on the Ubuntu help wiki

Update Failure
If there was an update that made your system non-bootable and they
have fixed it in the repositories, you can use the Live CD to run
apt-get to get the new files to fix your system.
Boot the Ubuntu Live CD.   Press Ctrl-Alt-F1
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo chroot /mnt
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Then
sudo apt dist-upgrade -y && sudo apt install -y ubuntu-desktop*


How to uninstall Real VNC in Ubuntu 14.04

There are two ways…

The deb way

Download the archive with deb files and extract the archive, and yes, I'm sure

tar xf VNC-5.2.3-Linux-x64-DEB.tar.gz

Install via

sudo dpkg -i VNC-Server-5.2.3-Linux-x64.deb VNC-Viewer-5.2.3-Linux-x64.deb

And remove the packages. This will also remove the files from the installation via ./vncinstall

sudo apt-get purge realvnc-vnc-server
sudo apt-get purge realvnc-vnc-viewer

The script way

There is no script to remove the installed files. But you could use this, tested on my own system:

#!/bin/bash
sudo rm /usr/share/man/man1/vncviewer.1
sudo rm /usr/share/man/man1/vncaddrbook.1
sudo rm /usr/share/man/man1/vncserver-x11.1
sudo rm /usr/share/man/man1/Xvnc.1
sudo rm /usr/share/man/man1/vncserver-virtual.1
sudo rm /usr/share/man/man1/vncserver-virtuald.1
sudo rm /usr/share/man/man1/vncserver-x11-serviced.1
sudo rm /usr/share/man/man1/vncpasswd.1
sudo rm /usr/share/man/man1/vnclicense.1
sudo rm /usr/share/man/man1/vncinitconfig.1
sudo rm /etc/pam.d/vncserver

sudo rm -r /root/.vnc
sudo rm -r /usr/lib/vnc
sudo rm -r /usr/share/vnc
sudo rm -r /usr/lib/cups/vnc
sudo rm -r /usr/lib/cups/backend/vnc
sudo rm -r /usr/share/vnc
sudo rm -r /etc/vnc

for f in vncviewer vncaddrbook vncserver-x11 vncserver-x11-core Xvnc Xvnc-core \
         vncserverui vncserver-virtual vncserver-virtuald \
         vncserver-x11-serviced vncpasswd vnclicense vnclicensewiz \
         vnclicensehelper vncpipehelper vncinitconfig vncserver; do
    sudo rm "/usr/bin/$f"
done


So what is the reason behind the claim that you need at least as much swap area as main memory for hibernate to work?

It's quite simple really,

When hibernating the system saves whatever is in RAM to the disk, and if there is not enough room in swap, the system will complain and not allow you to hibernate. To avoid this happening, it is best to have at least the same amount of swap space as your RAM. In most cases, you don't need any more than this, as the majority of applications almost never use enough RAM for swap to be under heavy usage.

However, if you have a small amount of RAM, or if you use a rather heavy application, you will probably want to double the size of your swap to accommodate the memory that needs to be written for hibernation.


XFS provides a filesystem defragmentation utility, xfs_fsr that can defragment the files on a mounted and active XFS filesystem.

It can be useful to view XFS fragmentation periodically.

xfs_fsr improves the organization of mounted filesystems. The reorganization algorithm operates on one file at a time, compacting or otherwise improving the layout of the file extents.
Inspect fragmentation levels

To see how much fragmentation your file system currently has:

sudo xfs_db -c frag -r /dev/sd??

To begin defragmentation, use the xfs_fsr command which is included with the xfsprogs package.

sudo xfs_fsr /dev/sd??

Change ?? to what corresponds your partition


I can't boot into windows from grub. Only black screen

Fixed my problem, did the recommended repair from Boot Repair and disabled my secure boot from my computer's bios settings. Hopefully another update won't mess this up again.


Current time and modification time of a file

ctime

ctime is the inode or file change time. The ctime gets updated when the file attributes are changed, like changing the owner, changing the permission or moving the file to an other filesystem but will also be updated when you modify a file.

mtime

mtime is the file modify time. The mtime gets updated when you modify a file. Whenever you update content of a file or save a file the mtime gets updated.
Most of the times ctime and mtime will be the same, unless only the file attributes are updated. In that case only the ctime gets updated


How do I restrict a user to a specific desktop environment?

Okay, from my understanding of LightDM (the login manager) it does not seem supported to restrict the desktop environments for a specific user. It is an all or nothing deal. By default, when a user chooses a desktop environment, that will become their default desktop environment. When they log in next time, unless they choose another one, they will be logged in to their default.

You can, however, make it so the user cannot change this. This user will still be able to select a different desktop environment, but if they do, it will not change their default. I believe this is the safest way to do this, if you are not worried that the person will change it. All you have to do is edit their .dmrc file (located in their home directory, i.e. /home/user). This is where their default session is stored. Change the Session variable in that file to whatever you want, i.e. ubuntu is the default Unity DE, ubuntu-2d is Unity 2D, and LXDE is LXDE. To make it so this will not be changed if they log in with another DE, we can simply make it immutable (unchangeable):

sudo chattr +i /home/user/.dmrc

Now no one will be able to change that file (root and other programs included) unless you remove the immutable flag:

sudo chattr -i /home/user/.dmrc

If you absolutely DO NOT want this user to ever log in with another DE, I did figure out a really hacky way (i.e. do this at your own risk) to accomplish this. I was kind of bored and this seemed like a fun thing to try. All of the different DEs that LightDM can see are kept at /usr/share/xsessions as .desktop files. FYI, you can delete any of these you don't want showing up at the login screen (but that will remove it for ALL users). If you open any one of these, they are fairly straightforward. They are basic desktop launcher files, just like all of the shortcuts on your desktop. Each one contains an Exec line, which is what gets executed when you choose your DE at the login screen (i.e. which DE gets launched). We are going to take advantage of this and check which user is logging in. If the user is our restricted user, we will force them to use a certain DE.

First, for each .desktop file in /usr/share/xsessions/ you will need to create a script in /usr/local/bin. For my example, I will be showing how to do this for ubuntu.desktop, which is the Unity DE, and using LXDE as the DE we are forcing our restricted user (restricteduser) to use. Looking at LXDE.desktop, we can see that the Exec command is /usr/bin/startlxde and there is no TryExec command. When you open ubuntu.desktop we see that the Exec command is gnome-session --session=ubuntu and the TryExec command is unity. The TryExec command is just what it sounds like. After running the Exec command, it will try running the TryExec command, but if it fails, it won't crash.

Now, taking those commands we got from the .desktop files we can create our scripts. We will put them in /usr/share/bin. We will need to make two, one for the Exec and one for the TryExec. We'll do something like this:

ubuntude.sh

#!/bin/bash

if [ `/usr/bin/whoami` = "restricteduser" ] ; then
   /usr/bin/startlxde
else
   gnome-session --session=ubuntu
fi

ubuntudetry.sh

#!/bin/bash

if [ `/usr/bin/whoami` != "restricteduser" ] ; then
   unity
fi

We are just testing whether the person logging in is our restricted user, and firing up the appropriate DE. Now, we need to make sure they are executable:

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ubuntude.sh
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ubuntudetry.sh

We now need to change our ubuntu.desktop so that it will call our scripts, instead of the actual DEs. Comment out the Exec and TryExec lines in the file, and replace them with this:

Exec=/usr/local/bin/ubuntude.sh
TryExec=/usr/local/bin/ubuntudetry.sh

Just repeat the process for any other DEs you may have. If there is no TryExec for a DE, then there is no need to create a detry.sh script for it either, as LXDE does not use a TryExec. Obviously this is a bit hacky, and you should make sure that you back up any files before editing them, but it will work if you absolutely need to make sure that a user is logging in to the correct DE.


Server 64 bit but how to get it to use 32bit boot?

You have two, or possibly three, choices:

Install a 32-bit version of Ubuntu in EFI mode. This is not officially supported, but can be done, and it works well once accomplished. See this question and my answer to it for some general advice.
Install a 64-bit version of Ubuntu in EFI mode using a 32-bit GRUB. This is what you were attempting to do. The trouble is that the installer itself will try to install a 64-bit GRUB, which of course won't work. You'll therefore need to manually install a 32-bit GRUB to your hard disk after the rest of the installation has completed. Note that there are problems with running a 64-bit kernel on a system with a 32-bit EFI, since the two won't be able to talk to each other. (Or they couldn't a while ago; maybe that problem has been overcome.) This means you can't control the boot process from your booted OS, which is a bit of a nuisance.
Install in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. If the firmware has a CSM, you can install in BIOS mode, bypassing EFI. This may be the simplest solution if you plan to single-boot; but if you're dual-booting with something else, you'll have additional hoop-jumping to do. Installing the 32-bit version of my rEFInd boot manager may help, but you'll need to edit refind.conf: Uncomment the scanfor option and add hdbios to the list of options. This should enable you to boot the 32-bit EFI-mode Windows (or whatever) and 64-bit BIOS-mode Ubuntu. As with the previous option, you won't have access to EFI runtime variables from Linux, which is a small nuisance. Also, this option requires a CSM in your firmware. Many 32-bit EFIs lack CSMs, so this option may be off the table.

Personally, I'd go with option #1 unless you have a compelling reason to install a 64-bit OS (like if the machine has lots of RAM -- "lots" being over 1 GiB, and especially over 4 GiB). Option #3 is likely best if the firmware has a CSM and if you want to single-boot Ubuntu (or if you're willing to convert all your OSes to BIOS mode).


Yes, you can select Chinese during installation. This image will show up during booting (or can be selected during booting). I assume Chinese at the end.

But there is a better method: for 100% Chinese (from installation to usage) you need this.

China’s own Ubuntu
Ubuntu Kylin is a free PC operating system created for China. It includes all the features you’ve come to expect from Ubuntu, alongside essential Chinese software and apps. Unlike its rivals, its interface has been designed specifically to put Chinese users first - and with new support for touch screens and HiDPI monitors, it runs beautifully on all kinds of hardware.
Part of the Ubuntu project since early 2013, the latest LTS (long-term support ) version of Ubuntu Kylin promises five years of maintenance and security updates, keeping your computer running safely and smoothly for years to come.

Website to the download page.


How do I go back to 11.04 from 11.10 following a failed install

Sure you can re-install from a 11.04 CD-ROM. Before doing that, you could try a clean install from a 11.10 CD-ROM - chances are a clean install will be more successful than the upgrade.

(btw, I upgraded yesterday and I'm finding this upgrade the least troublesome of all... no hiccups whatsoever... wondering what went wrong in your case... did you install all updates before starting the upgrade to 11.10?)


Automatically bring up socketcan network interfaces on boot (can0, ...)

I'm pretty sure you can just throw them into your rc.local file

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

#!/bin/sh -e

sudo ip link set can0 up
sudo ip link set can1 up
sudo ip link set can2 up
sudo ip link set can3 up

exit 0


Gnome Ubuntu 14.04 aticonfig: No supported adapters detected ati radeon 6770m

I followed the exact steps mentioned in this blog post: Install AMD hybrid (dual graphics) in Ubuntu and it worked for me just fine:

Open the terminal and run the following command:

sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-core fglrx-amdcccle fglrx-dev fglrx-pxpress

Now you should run the following command:

sudo amdconfig –initial –adapter=all

...but this will give you an error: no supported adapters detected.

Don’t worry and reboot the system, and you will be introduced with a black screen, but there is no need to panic.

Now press the keyboard combination Ctrl+Alt+F1 and then you will get a text-only console which shows you a login prompt. Login using your user name and password and then retype the command:

sudo amdconfig –initial –adapter=all

If you’re lucky enough, the command will get executed successfully. Reboot and you will be able to use your computer.

To make sure that the AMD graphics card is the one in use run:

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils
glxheads

It should print: GL_VENDOR: ATI Technologies Inc.


Run (system) script on SSH login and/or logout

You can force a command onto your SSH-users instead of the one they request (or their shell if they don't give a specific command).  This can be done by specifying that command with something like ForceCommand /root/ssh-wrapper in /etc/ssh/sshd_config (it doesn't matter where the script is located or how it's named, just make sure it is executable by all users and the sshd configuration file points to it).  You also need to restart/reload sshd.  The original command is accessible to the forced command as $SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND.

I just hacked this script together:

#! /bin/sh

# add logger options when needed
log="logger -t ssh-wrapper"

# find IP address
ip=`echo $SSH_CONNECTION | cut -d " " -f 1`

$log $USER login from $ip
espeak "$USER just logged in from $ip" > /dev/null 2>&1

$log command: ${SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND:-shell}
${SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND:-shell}

$log $USER logout
espeak "$USER just logged out" > /dev/null 2>&1

Now every time I login or logout a voice tells me about it, and a log entry gets written to syslog.  It also logs the command.  You can use something like the following to "follow" your sshd usage:

tailf /var/log/syslog | grep ssh-wrapper

Please note that this script is mostly untested, so use at your own risk!  ;-)

PS: remember that this script is run as the user that logged in, so you can't do everything you want if you change it to add more features...


Finally aptitude helps me

$ LANG=C aptitude show gnome-devel
Package: gnome-devel
State: not installed
Version: 1:3.0+6ubuntu4
Priority: optional
Section: universe/devel
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Architecture: all
Uncompressed Size: 43.0 k
Depends: anjuta (>= 2:3.0), anjuta-extras (>= 3.0), devhelp (>= 3.0), glade (>=
     3.10), gnome-devel-docs (>= 3.0)
Recommends: gnome-platform-devel
Description: The GNOME Desktop Environment -- development tools
 These are the development tools of the GNOME Desktop environment, an intuitive
 and attractive desktop.

 This meta-package depends on a recommended set of applications to develop new
 programs for GNOME.


How do work the Dell Studio 1537's remote control with infrared receiver port IT8512 CIR

The program you need is called lirc supports the remote control, looking into it it seems the driver is certainly supported but your dell model doesn't yet have a configuration file to map the buttons to actions.

In order to get this working we need a sys-admin or programmer to take a look at your computer while your pressing the keys to figure it out and write the configuration. The best part is that once it's written everyone else who has the same remote control should have a better time of using it.

Notes for anyone who wants to do this work: It looks like ITE8709 is the driver for IT8512 (at least in the code).


Logitech T620 middle mouse scrolling stopped working

Just got it working again!

First of all I installed the libinput driver.  Don't know if this is a requirement or not:

% sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-libinput

But restarting X didn't solve the problem.

Then I had X dump it's configuration.  Evidently the auto-config doesn't work, but dumping the config and using that seems to make things work.  So:

% sudo X :1 -configure
% sudo mv ~/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Then I restarted and presto!  My mouse could scroll again!

And then it broke again.

But I believe I have fixed it again - I removed 'unity' from my packages (I never liked Unity anyways and was often turning it off - perhaps the scroll support when Unity is installed only works when running unity?)


apt-get install - how to get report about failed installs?

Combining the following two basic things in scripting might help you out here.

Check exit status codes of your commands. A non-zero number means that something has gone wrong usually and the value itself might have a meaning (check documentation of your program returning those). See this howto: "Exit and Exit status" on how to do that in Bash.
Redirect errors - usually sent to stderr - to a temporary file. See this how-to: "I/O Redirection" on how to do that in Bash. Show that file if any of your commands returned an error.

While diverging from your question to do this in Bash, more opportunities lie elsewhere.

Higher-level approaches of automated installation using APT aren't really possible in Bash as far as I know. You could consider using Puppet, preseeding the Debian/Ubuntu installer for automated deploying or to start writing in a more powerful language like Python that features APT bindings, e.g. python-apt.


commands to type to boot into linux:
ls
(then choose number for your drive)
set root="(partition you chosen)"
linux /boot/vmli (and press tab to autocomplete) set root=/dev/sda
initrd /boot/init (and press tab to autocomplete)
boot
after booting into OS - download boot repair via command :
sudo apt install boot-repair or if it doesn't work : sudo apt install boot-repair-gui
click on "quick fix" or any similar button (if your system requires - you can modify that via advanced settings but i don't recommend that for you cause as i see your not best in linux)
wait a while and your boot should be fixed :)


Howto use apt-cacher-ng only when available?

From the server you can announce to the network there is an apt-cacher-ng instance through avahi

From the client you can check if exist an apt-cacher-ng service and modify apt proxy settings accordly.

Server

Install

$ sudo apt-get install apt-cacher-ng squid-deb-proxy-client

For Ubuntu releases older than 14.04 put the following snippet in /etc/avahi/services/apt-cacher-ng.service:

<?xml version="1.0" standalone='no'?>
<!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM "avahi-service.dtd">
<service-group>
 <name replace-wildcards="yes">apt-cacher-ng proxy on %h</name>
 <service protocol="ipv4">
  <type>_apt_proxy._tcp</type>
  <port>3142</port>
 </service>
</service-group>

Client

Install

$ sudo apt-get install squid-deb-proxy-client

Here is a snippet to install server|client depending if there is already an apt-get proxy or not:

https://gist.github.com/chilicuil/6207489

Source: http://blog.surgut.co.uk/2013/03/avahi-apt-cacher-ng-sbuild.html


Problems installing ubuntu alongside windows 10

You need to switch off fast startup in windows. Fast startup keeps windows partitions mounted when you shutdown windows, which is why ubuntu is not able to access it and recongnize windows.

Go to Control Panel > Power Option > Choose what power buttons do. In there click on "Change settings that are currently unavailable", scroll down and uncheck the "Turn on fast startup".

I hope this helps.


Dell XPS 9370 blank screen on wakeup after Dell TB16 docking station unplug/disconnect (Ubuntu 18.04 and 16.04)

Solved it.. I had wrong event filter on $2 parameter (hibernate or hybrid-sleep). I also simplified the script in case anyone else finds it handy:

#!/bin/sh

# Reset xrandr at wakeup in case any display setup change was made

case "$2" in
  hibernate|suspend)
    case "$1" in
      post)
        xrandr --auto
        echo "System waking up from -$2- at $(date '+%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S')" >> /tmp/update-displays.txt
      ;;
    esac
  ;;
esac

In Ubuntu 18.04 put in /lib/systemd/system-sleep i.e. /lib/systemd/system-sleep/update-displays and set correct permissions (mine was 755).


How to avoid font packages not related to language designated

What you noticed was probably the effect of the fact that the fonts-indic package is installed by default in 17.10. To remove those extra packages, try these commands:

sudo apt purge fonts-indic
sudo apt autoremove

I'm not aware of a way to prevent them from being installed to begin with.


error while loading shared libraries: libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0: No such file or directory

Your system is 64-bit, but since you want to run a 32-bit version of Firefox, you need to install the 32-bit version of the library:

sudo apt install libgtk2.0-0:i386


How can I make a shortcut to close all the windows of the same application?

How to safely close all windows of a gui application with a shortcut key

The safest way to close an application's window gracefully, and make sure you will not lose data, is using wmctrl (not installed by default):

wmctrl -ic <window_id>

To use it in a script to close all windows of an application:

install both xdotool and wmctrl

sudo apt-get install wmctrl xdotool

Copy the script below into an empty file, save it as stop_active.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess

def get(cmd):
    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode("utf-8").strip()

pid = get(["xdotool", "getactivewindow", "getwindowpid"])
for w in get(["wmctrl", "-lp"]).splitlines():
    if pid in w and not "Desktop" in w:
        subprocess.call(["wmctrl", "-ic", w.split()[0]])

Add the following command to a shortcut key:

python3 /path/to/stop_active.py

Choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the command:

python3 /path/to/stop_active.py

N.B. don't use ~ or $HOME in a shortcut key, but use absolute paths instead.

Now the shortcut can be used to gracefully close all windows of the frontmost window.

Explanation

I tried the various kill options (kill -2, kill -HUP, kill -s TERM <pid> etc), which are mentioned in several posts to close an application gracefully. Tested on a gedit window with unsaved changes, all of them closed the window happily however, without any interaction.

wmctrl does ask what to do however, similar to Ctrl+Q.

The script then first finds out the pid of the frontmost window, with the command:

xdotool getactivewindow getwindowpid

subsequently, the list of currently opened windows is called with the command:

wmctrl -lp

From this list, the corresponding windows are picked and closed with the command:

wmctrl -ic <window_id>

Note

If you are closing all nautilus windows, in the line

if pid in w and not "Desktop" in w:

"Desktop" is referring to your Desktop window, which normally should always stay. If you are not using an English version of Ubuntu, replace "Desktop" by the localized name of the Desktop in your language.


Attempt to repair the NTFS drive from linux. Per this solution, do the following:

  Install ntfs-3g with sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g . Then run the
  ntfsfix command on your NTFS partition

sudo ntfsfix -b -d /dev/sdaX

if ntfsfix won't or can't fix your drive, you will have to run chkdsk from windows. You can boot from Hiren's miniXP boot disk and use the command line there to run chkdsk.


Canon MF4770n driver installation for Ubuntu 14.04

I recently installed this driver on Ubuntu 15.10 64bit.

First download the driver from Canon's website. The URL has changed from previous answers.

https://www.usa.canon.com/internet/portal/us/home/support/details/printers/black-and-white-laser/mf4770n

The Canon website may autodetect your browser as generic Linux instead of 32bit or 64bit. If this is the case, select the correct one to see the specific driver to download. Extract this file (.tar.gz) through the file browser or terminal. Next, enter the directory and install the driver (your driver version may be newer).

cd ~/Downloads/Linux_UFRII_PrinterDriver_V310_us_EN/
sudo sh install.sh

After this is complete, you can go into your System Settings -> Printers and add it as a network printer. For me, the driver was autodetected and I only needed to name the printer.


simple and easy way to sync folders over LAN

Have you tried Tonido? it's user friendly and even can sync with wi-fi and with smartphones and stuff. Has clients for Windows Mac and Linux, iOS and Android


bash: WORKON_HOME=~/.virtualenvs: No such file or directory

Okay, there are some wrong lines in your .bashrc file.

Please open ~/.bashrc in your favourite text editor and delete all these lines:

All lines that look like this pattern:

echo "export SOMETHING" >> ~/.bashrc

This includes e.g. those lines from your grep output:

echo "export WORKON_HOME=$WORKON_HOME" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export PIP_VIRTUALENV_BASE=$WORKON_HOME" >> ~/.bashrc

All lines that look like this pattern:

export SOMETHING=

This includes e.g. those lines from your grep output:

export WORKON_HOME=

This line:

source WORKON_HOME=/home/diego/.virtualenvs

If you are not sure whether to delete a line or not, better ask before you permanently remove it. Making a backup copy of the file before starting to delete lines could also be useful.


How to run an application on a disk partition ubuntu

Perhaps a clue about which sort of application you had in mind might clarify, however - if you copy your application, lets call it "app", to the partition, and type (from a console, obviously) /mnt/ramdisk/app then it will run this particular copy.
If you have problems doing so, it likely means you have a security system banning you from doing this - there are several, so a bit more detail in the question will be needed! Also check that the permissions for it have 'x' set (if you do ls -l). If not, chmod +x app will fix that.
Ordinarily, your system looks at the $PATH variable to decide which copy to run; which app will tell you which one it planned to use, echo $PATH will sort of explain why it chose that one.
Bear in mind, for benchmarking, that app may choose to use a different directory for data - depends what it is, of course. Also, multitasking systems don't lend themselves easily to simple benchmarking - do multiple runs, at least.


The applications still work because they are not located in the /usr/share/applicatons folder.  That is the folder with the launchers of the applications.

One way to get the largest amount back is to install Ubuntu on a temporary space such as a Pen Drive, then copy the /usr/share/applications folder to your working install.

After that you will have all the default launchers.  You can restore the launchers for the missing ones by reinstalling the particular applications.  Use this command:

$ sudo apt install --reinstall [specific application]

Replace [specific applications] NOT including the bracket with the name of the application you want to restore to it's proper state.

Once you have the apps listed in a file you can use this cli (or a variation of) to automate the install:

$ for i in $(cat applications.list); do sudo apt install --reinstall -y $i;done


Upgrade to 10.04 LTS Stopped In the middle of installing

Since there isn't anything on the computer you want to save and you are having trouble easily upgrading from an unsupported Ubuntu release, you would be best served to reinstall from scratch.

Download an .iso image for a currently supported release of Ubuntu (10.04 LTS, 11.04, 11.10, or the latest release, 12.04 LTS, which you should probably use unless the laptop doesn't meet its system requirements or you have some other reason you don't want it). You can get Ubuntu here. You can get older releases here.

Then either burn the downloaded .iso image to a CD/DVD or write it to the USB flash drive, boot from it, select the option to install in place of other operating systems (which will remove the current Ubuntu installation), and let the installer run. For detailed information on how to do all this, see the official installation instructions.


Do I need to change the mysql.sys password

I think you should change this user password.

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sys-schema.html
As of MySQL 5.7.9, sys schema objects have a DEFINER of 'mysql.sys'@'localhost'. (Before MySQL 5.7.9, the DEFINER is 'root'@'localhost'.)
Use of the dedicated mysql.sys account avoids problems that occur if a DBA renames or removes the root account.

You can use sudo mysql_secure_installation to set root password and other secure conf. Then use root user change the mysql.sys password. As document say, not suggest del this user.


On Linux, sudo can change the user directory (~) to refer to the root user, so BleachBit will clean root's trash (under /root) instead of your standard account's trash (under /home/username). If you run BleachBit with sudo in GUI mode, it will warn you about this.
So, take off sudo to clean the normal user's trash.
See also the FAQ: On Linux do I need to run BleachBit both as a normal user and as an administrator?


The documentation you are looking for is in /usr/share/doc/libguava-java/api/.

Most (all?) packages install documentation into /usr/share/doc/packages-name. If you're ever unsure what was installed by a package, you can run dpkg -L package-name to get a list of files that were included.


Change partition sizes of dualboot system

Look, resizing and changing partitions can be a complex  and a confusing process and it might cause you to loose some data from any of your stated OS's or lock you away from your system(or even worse, you might end up having unused space without any access). I had tried your case quite a time earlier  with Gparted and ended up losing my windows data. So please try backing up all your data and reinstalling the os with your required size.

Thanks,


What is the default terminal for Ubuntu?

The default terminal for KDE is konsole.
KDE is Qt5 based using KDE Framworks 5, so Qt5 & KF5 libraries & toolkits will already be in memory (RAM). It's use will be fastest, and not waste resources (esp. RAM)
Konsole is Qt based (the upper-case K is commonly a clue as to being a KDE/Qt based tool), thus will use libraries already in memory as they're being used by the KDE desktop itself.
gnome-terminal is GTK3 based, so it's use will cause GTK3 or GNOME libraries to also be in memory, thus will involve a resource hit, which maybe minor if you've plenty of RAM and can afford the hit, but on a RAM limited box every hit (wasted KB or MB of RAM) counts.  This resource hit will worry you less if you're going to be using other GTK3 programs that will also share those libraries, but it's still a hit.
As the default GNOME desktop is GTK3, using gnome-terminal has no costs there.  The reverse would apply, ie. the use of konsole on a GNOME desktop would waste resources and be inefficient.
Other alternatives exist, eg. qterminal is Qt5 based so will use less resources than a terminal that uses almost nothing already in RAM.  There are many choices, but don't forget efficiency, unless your box has fast processors & heaps of RAM thus don't need to worry.
My point is there are reasons for the decisions made, and your choice will waste RAM.  (why each flavor uses it's own unique terminal which is most efficient in the chosen desktop).


Here is my conky display. Note network stats in bottom section:

Here is the conky code used:

TEXT
#------------+
# Distro     |
#------------+
${color}Today is:${color green}$alignr${time %A,}$alignr ${time %e %B %G}
${color}Distribution:${color green}$alignr ${pre_exec cat /etc/issue.net} $machine
${color}Kernel:$alignr${color green} $kernel
${color orange}${voffset 2}${hr 1}
#------------+
# i7-6700 CPU|
#------------+
${color2}${voffset 5}Intel® i-7 6700HQ 3.5 GHz: ${color1}@  ${color green}${freq} MHz
${color}${goto 13}CPU 0 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu1}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu1 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 1 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu2}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu2 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 2 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu3}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu3 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 3 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu4}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu4 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 4 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu5}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu5 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 5 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu6}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu6 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 6 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu7}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu7 18}
${color}${goto 13}CPU 7 ${goto 81}${color green}${cpu cpu8}% ${goto 131}${color3}${cpubar cpu8 18}
${color1}All CPU ${color green}${cpu}% ${goto 131}${color1}Temp: ${color green}${hwmon 1 temp 1}°C ${goto 250}${color1}Up: ${color green}$uptime
${color green}$running_processes ${color1}running of ${color green}$processes ${color1}loaded processes.
${color}Load Avg. 1-5-15 minutes: ${alignr}${color green}${execpi .001 (awk '{printf "%s/", $1}' /proc/loadavg; grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo;) | bc -l | cut -c1-4} ${execpi .001 (awk '{printf "%s/", $2}' /proc/loadavg; grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo;) | bc -l | cut -c1-4} ${execpi .001 (awk '{printf "%s/", $3}' /proc/loadavg; grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo;) | bc -l | cut -c1-4}
#------------+
# Nvidia GPU |
#------------+
${color orange}${hr 1}${if_existing /tmp/nvidia}
${color2}${voffset 5}${execpi .001 (nvidia-smi --query-gpu=gpu_name --format=csv,noheader)} ${color}@ ${color green}${execpi .001 (nvidia-smi --query-gpu=clocks.sm --format=csv,noheader)} ${alignr}${color}Temp: ${color green}${execpi .001 (nvidia-smi --query-gpu=temperature.gpu --format=csv,noheader)} C
${color}${voffset 5}Ver: ${color green}${execpi .001 (nvidia-smi --query-gpu=driver_version --format=csv,noheader)} ${color} P-State: ${color green}${execpi .001 (nvidia-smi --query-gpu=pstate --format=csv,noheader)} ${alignr}${color}BIOS: ${color green}${execpi .001 (nvidia-smi --query-gpu=vbios_version --format=csv,noheader)}
${color}${voffset 5}GPU:${color green}${execpi .001 (nvidia-smi --query-gpu=utilization.gpu --format=csv,noheader)} ${color}Ram:${color green}${execpi .001 (nvidia-smi --query-gpu=utilization.memory --format=csv,noheader)} ${color}Pwr:${color green}${execpi .001 (nvidia-smi --query-gpu=power.draw --format=csv,noheader)} ${alignr}${color}Freq: ${color green}${execpi .001 (nvidia-smi --query-gpu=clocks.mem --format=csv,noheader)}
#------------+
# Intel iGPU |
#------------+
${else}
${color2}${voffset 5}Intel® Skylake GT2 HD 530 iGPU @  ${color green}${execpi .001 (cat /sys/class/drm/card0/gt_cur_freq_mhz)} MHz
${color}${goto 13}Min. Freq:${goto 120}${color green}${execpi .001 (cat /sys/class/drm/card0/gt_min_freq_mhz)} MHz${color}${goto 210}Max. Freq:${alignr}${color green}${execpi .001 (cat /sys/class/drm/card0/gt_max_freq_mhz)} MHz
${color orange}${hr 1}
#------------+
# Prcoesses  |
#------------+
${color1}${voffset 5}Process Name: ${goto 215}PID ${goto 265}CPU% ${goto 337}Mem%
${color}${goto 13}${top name 1} ${goto 210}${top pid 1} ${goto 275}${color green}${top cpu 1} ${goto 350}${top mem 1}
${color}${goto 13}${top name 2} ${goto 210}${top pid 2} ${goto 275}${color green}${top cpu 2} ${goto 350}${top mem 2}
${color}${goto 13}${top name 3} ${goto 210}${top pid 3} ${goto 275}${color green}${top cpu 3} ${goto 350}${top mem 3}
${color}${goto 13}${top name 4} ${goto 210}${top pid 4} ${goto 275}${color green}${top cpu 4} ${goto 350}${top mem 4}
${color}${goto 13}${top name 5} ${goto 210}${top pid 5} ${goto 275}${color green}${top cpu 5} ${goto 350}${top mem 5}
${color}${goto 13}${top name 6} ${goto 210}${top pid 6} ${goto 275}${color green}${top cpu 6} ${goto 350}${top mem 6}
${color}${goto 13}${top name 7} ${goto 210}${top pid 7} ${goto 275}${color green}${top cpu 7} ${goto 350}${top mem 7}
${color}${goto 13}${top name 8} ${goto 210}${top pid 8} ${goto 275}${color green}${top cpu 8} ${goto 350}${top mem 8}
${color}${goto 13}${top name 9} ${goto 210}${top pid 9} ${goto 275}${color green}${top cpu 9} ${goto 350}${top mem 9}
${color orange}${voffset 2}${hr 1}
#------------+
# Storage    |
#------------+
${color}Memory:${goto 148}${color green}$mem / $memmax $alignr${color green}${memperc /}%
${color}Linux:${goto 148}${color green}${fs_used /} / ${fs_size /} $alignr${color green}${fs_used_perc /}%
${color}NVMe Win 10:${goto 148}${if_mounted /mnt/c}${color green} ${fs_used /mnt/c} / ${fs_size /mnt/c} $alignr${color green}${fs_used_perc /mnt/c}%${else}${color yellow}/mnt/c${endif}
${color}${if_mounted /mnt/d}HGST_Win10:${goto 148}${color green} ${fs_used /mnt/d} / ${fs_size /mnt/d} $alignr${color green}${fs_used_perc /mnt/d}%${else}Cache RAM:${goto 148}${color green}${cached} ${color} Buffers: ${color green} ${buffers}${endif}
${color}${if_mounted /mnt/e}WSL+Linux:${goto 148}${color green}${fs_used /mnt/e} / ${fs_size /mnt/e} $alignr${color green}${fs_used_perc /mnt/e}%${else}Swap:${goto 148}${color green}${swap} / ${swapmax} $alignr${color green}${swapperc}%${endif}
${color orange}${voffset 2}${hr 1}
#------------+
# Network    |
#------------+
${color1}Network using vnStat "-i", "-w" and "-m"
${color}${goto 5}Today ${goto 100}Yesterday ${goto 225}Week ${goto 325}Month ${color green}
${execi 10 vnstat -i enp59s0 | grep "today" | awk '{print $8" "substr ($9, 1, 1)}'} ${goto 110}${execi 10 vnstat -i enp59s0 | grep "yesterday" | awk '{print $8" "substr ($9, 1, 1)}'} ${goto 220}${execi 10 vnstat -i enp59s0 -w | grep "current week" | awk '{print $9" "substr ($10, 1, 1)}'} ${goto 315}${execi 10 vnstat -i enp59s0 -m | grep "`date +"%b '%y"`" | awk '{print $9" "substr ($10, 1, 1)}'}
${color}Down: ${color green}${downspeed enp59s0}/s ${color}${goto 220}Up: ${color green}${upspeed enp59s0}/s
${downspeedgraph enp59s0 25,190 000000 ff0000} ${alignr}${upspeedgraph enp59s0 25,190 000000 00ff00}$color
Total: ${color green}${totaldown enp59s0} $color${alignr}Total: ${color green}${totalup enp59s0}
${color orange}${voffset 2}${hr 1}
#------------+
# Brightness |
#------------+
${color}${goto 5}Dawn: ${color green}${execpi 300 cat /usr/local/bin/sunrise} ${goto 155}${color}Dusk: ${color green}${execpi 300 cat /usr/local/bin/sunset} ${alignr}${color}Level: ${color green}${execpi 10 cat /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness}
${color orange}${voffset 2}${hr 1}


Ubuntu 20.04 use Intel for graphics and NVIDIA GPU for CUDA

I took the risk and rebooted (with the added kernel parameter).
It worked, no need to delete 11-nvidia-prime.conf.


Issues finding the location of package: libsdl2-image-2.0-0

This is strange to me since I did not install libsdl2-image-dev. Also when I try to view /usr/include/SDL2/ the folder doesn't even appear to exist which just adds to my confusion.

apt-file searches the contents of available packages using a database, so it is hardly a surprise that it showed a package which you hadn't installed.

  I then tried to remove libsdl2-image-dev so I could install libsdl2-image-2.0-0

Why do you think you have to remove one to install the other, especially when you have already installed it?

  is there something fundamental I am not understanding in regards to using these supplementary libraries?

Yes. foo and foo-dev can coexist. If you are a developer, you will probably need both to be installed. foo-dev often depends on foo, so installing it forces foo to be installed as well. In particular, libsdl2-image-dev depends on libsdl2-image-2.0-0.

To conclude, just install the -dev package:

sudo apt-get install libsdl2-image-dev


Make sure the drive to which that link belongs (Other than linux partition) is mounted when you restart the PC or when you try to use that link. It mostly happens with window partitions, you are not able to access files from those partitions after system restart. You have to first manually mount them.

Install NTFS Configuration Tool and configure the drives which you want to mount on system restart and you will not face the problems of broken links again.


As far as I know there is no way to acheive this. The Nautilus file manager doesn't seem to have this option in its preferences and for good reason.

File extensions are fake

By which I mean, in Linux, they are simply part of the file name and have no special meaning like in Windows. In Windows, there is a distinction between file names and their extensions whereas in Linux, the 'extension' is just the part of the name, if any, after a '.'. Linux allows the '.' character to be used as part of the file name but Windows reserves it for separating the file extension. Windows uses this file extension to determine how the file should behave but Linux uses MIME types.

This means that there is no reliable way for a file manager to hide the file extension - '.' can be used anywhere in a file name so hiding file extensions may hide part of the file name - this behaviour would be confusing. File extensions are only used to make it easier for a user to tell what type of file they are dealing with - hiding this would hide useful information.


Unable to change the boot order of Ubuntu 16.04 dual installed with Windows 10

I prefer a GUI for stuff I barely understand. So, I use grub-customizer for this exact reason. It is confirmed working for me on 16.04,02 and 16.10. It allows you to set the boot order and default boots from a convenient GUI.

If you want to try it out, you can add the ppa which is ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer

Then;

$sudo apt-get update

and finally

$ sudo apt-get grub-customizer

It should show up in your tools menu somewhere.


Is Ubuntu Desktop free for a business solution?

Yes it is free (as in no cost) and free (as in open source), but you can purchase support if you need it from Canonical.

You can find out more about the philosophy and more about why it is free.

It is free to use as a business and free to develop products on.

Information about Landscape.


In KDE, how can I make totem the lowest priority program in all associated file types

The "Zorael" is explaining how to "Quckly change Application Preference Order": http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1333363


How to find all the "subchannels" available in a snap channel?

The actual nomenclature and purpose is explained at https://snapcraft.io/docs/channels

<Track> / <Risk-Level> / <Branch>

So in your example: tracking:     latest/stable/ubuntu-20.04

Track = latest
Risk-level = stable
Branch = ubuntu-20.04

And here's what the documentation has to say on the subject of branches

A branch is an optional finer subdivision of a channel for a published snap that allows for the creation of a short-lived sequences of snaps that can be pushed on demand by snap developers to help with fixes or temporary experimentation.
Branch names convey their purpose, such as fix-for-bug123, but the name isn’t exposed in the normal way, such as with snap info. Instead, they can be tracked by anyone simply knowing the name.

So there's no documented way for a user to list branches, sorry. Branches are rather intended the other way around - to limit software pushes to certain testers or devices. In your case, somebody running 20.04 instead of, say, 16.04 which has a different Gnome stack and completely different package data.

Let's test that we can actually touch a branch. Let's try a snap refresh with a known branch name (succeeds) and with a bogus branch name (no-such-branch error):
$ sudo snap refresh --channel=stable/ubuntu-20.04 snap-store
snap "snap-store" has no updates available

$ sudo snap refresh --channel=stable/ubuntu-blah snap-store
error: requested a non-existing branch on latest/stable for snap "snap-store": ubuntu-blah


Can't switch between headphones and speakers

I don't think plugging them and unplugging them wears out the jack or port. Having your headphone cables snag on something and rip your smartphone out of your pocket and onto the pavement does cause wear as I've discovered many times.

That said, this thread discusses many options to achieve what you want. When you read the thread note that Ubuntu uses Pulse Audio and not ALSA.


In the first example, you're doing: awk -F "/"
In the next example, you're doing: awk -F="/"

So the field separator is different: you're using the two character string =/ as the field separator

Ah, I don't know why I didn't see this before: you're using the wrong quotes:

# grep -Rl BASE_DIR --exclude-dir=.svn * | awk -F "/" "{print $1}"
------------------------------------------------------^

The double quotes around the awk program means that the shell will substitute the variable $1 before handing the program to awk. Most likely, in the shell, $1 is empty, so awk sees this: {print }

Use single quotes instead.


Set Context Menu key to function as Right Control

Enter System Settings > Keyboard Layout (in Personal group). Open Layouts tab (if you have multiple layouts), press Options... button. There you can find Ctrl key position group. Check Menu as Right Control button, then apply new settings.
For KDE: run System Settings, open Input devices in Hardware group and in Keyboard section open Advanced tab. There you can find the same Ctrl key position group with Menu as Right Control button checkbox.


I don't know how to fix the error.  But you should follow the official doc:

    $ curl -s "https://packagecloud.io/install/repos..." | sudo bash

    $  sudo apt-get install php7.0-phalcon

Now in ccertain linux distros (eg mint) you may encounter errors. I found this  video to remove those errors. You simply change linux version in the file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/phalcon_stable.list
For example, replace "/mint/ tessa" with "/debian/ stretch" . Watch the video if you are still confused.


A workaround for the bug, suggested in comment #104:

Install/Open dconf-editor
Navigate to /apps/notify-osd/multihead-mode
Change from the default dont-focus-follow to focus-follow
Log out and back in

Notifications will now show in the same monitor as the current active window.


PHP acting strange when trying to run Wordpress on LAMP server

The output of phpinfo will include the path to the php.ini file currently in use. It contains all of PHP's settings.

Change this line in php.ini:

display_errors = off

to

display_errors = on

Then see if those "blank" pages give you an error message to work with.


The steps you gave are close to working, but let me comment on each step.

mkdir -p /media/GRUB2_RESCU/boot/grub

This is completely correct.

sudo cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/* /media/GRUB2_RESCU/boot/grub

This isn't needed but shouldn't hurt anything (grub-install does this automatically)

echo '(hd0) /dev/sda' > /media/GRUB2_RESCU/boot/grubdevice.map

This also isn't needed, and also shouldn't hurt anything. GRUB2 for the most part doesn't need a device.map anymore.

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media /dev/sdb

I don't know if this was just a typo when you were writing your question or if this is actually the command you ran, but it should be "--root-directory /media/GRUB2_RESCU/". Otherwise grub will install its modules, and look for its grub.cfg, in /media/boot/grub (which isn't on the flash drive) instead of /media/GRUB2_RESCU/boot/grub/. This could explain why what you tried didn't work.

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /media/GRUB2_RESCU/boot/grub/grub.cfg

This should work, but you'll have to run grub-mkconfig manually every time there is a kernel upgrade to get an updated menu. Instead I would recommend writing a manual grub.cfg which just loads the grub.cfg from your internal drive, like this:

root=(hd0,1)
configfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg

To be sure that this works even when drives are moved around replace

root=(hd0,1)

with

search --set --fs-uuid UUID_GOES_HERE

You can find the UUID with this terminal command:

sudo grub-probe --target=fs_uuid --device /dev/sda1


Ok I figured it out. I had to disable the ‘Force Quit and Wait’ thing. Now it opens properly.
(The extension is at extensions.gnome.org)


How would I tell the last time Apache served a file?

You might be able to use auditctl or some sort of unix file-system auditing tool, but probably not retroactively. You would probably want apache to be running under a different user account, and then use the filesystem audit tool to track file-reads. A different solution that I'd be more comfortable using would be to add some debugging code to each php file (obviously not manually) which simply logs the name of the file and the date to a single file somewhere. I'd also create a subversion or git patch file after making this change so you can apply it and revert it as needed. After doing a full suite of testing, you can check the log file to see which files are absent (this can also be automated; I'd write a script compare the output of ls (sorted by name) with the log file (sorted by name and unique'd).


Cannot download and update some android sdk components

For some, running as Administrator or chmod 777 have corrected the issue.


How to version the PPA package for a new application?

TL;DR Yes, your versioning would work.

A short copy and paste from Building a source package – Versioning

  Versioning

  Ubuntu package names are suffixed by the version number of the
  package. This allows Ubuntu to distinguish newer packages from older
  ones and so remain up to date.

  If you're creating an alternative version of a package already
  available in Ubuntu's repositories, you should ensure that:

your package supersedes the official Ubuntu version
future Ubuntu versions will supersede your package.

  To do this, add the suffix ppan (where n is your package's revision
  number). Two examples:

Ubuntu package myapp_1.0-1 → PPA package myapp_1.0-1ppa1

Ubuntu package myapp_1.0-1ubuntu3 → PPA package myapp_1.0-1ubuntu3ppa1

  Version numbers must be unique. This has implications if you want to
  provide packages for multiple Ubuntu series at once:

  If your package can be used on different versions of Ubuntu without
  being recompiled then use the naming scheme already described. When
  you have successfully uploaded your package to your PPA you can copy
  the existing binaries to the new series; see Copying packages.

  If your package does need to be recompiled to support multiple Ubuntu
  series, then you should add a suffix of a tilde and the series name to
  the version number. So a package for the Intrepid Ibex could be named
  myapp_1.0-1ubuntu3ppa1~intrepid1 and for the Hardy Heron
  myapp_1.0-1ubuntu3ppa1~hardy1. If you need to release an updated
  package, increment the ppan suffix. It is important to note that
  specifying the version name here doesn't change the series that you
  are targeting; this must still be set correctly as described in the
  Ubuntu packaging guide's section on the changelog file.


On Realtek Wifi Card RTL8723be Not Working Properly, you can find a partially working solution. Also, until it'll be officially supported in kernel, an USB wi-fi adapter (Linux compatible) is a good solution.


Help needed to install MT760e WiFi driver on Ubuntu 18.04

After waiting the Ethernet Cable allowed connection to the Internet.
(Thanks to Edmund L for the first command)

From there the commands are:

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get git linux-headers-generic libelf-dev dkms
git clone https://github.com/benjarobin/MT7630E.git
cd ~/Downloads/MT7630E
sudo chmod +x ./install
sudo ./install
sudo dkms


Autologin and Wifi Password on Kubuntu 20.04

If you want the password manager to automatically unlock, then you must sacrifice security.  The only exception would be if you encrypted your entire Ubuntu installation.  The obvious reason here is that you need to provide credentials to access encrypted protected information. If you want to skip that step, then you forfeit the protection it offers.
To answer your question: the way to automatically unlock kwallet is to set the password to blank.  Change the password and accept the new password making sure the password field is empty.


How to use the default calendar indicator more effectively in 13.04

Note: This answer outlines how to use Thunderbird Lightning and synchronize that with your Ubuntu (11-14 so far!). Personally I prefer the interface for Thunderbird rather then evolution. I hope at least this helps you somewhat answer your question. At some point evolution-mirror stopped working for me.

Install Thunderbird

Install Thunderbird on your machine
Go to Tools >> Add-ons and type "Lightning" in the search dialog
Then select the Available Add-ons option and install Lightning
Repeat the steps above but install "Automatic Export"

Configure Thunderbird

Add a new Calendar (File >> New >> Calendar)

  For Facebook you need to find the iCal link on your facebook feed.

Add a WebCal calendar & make sure to check "Show reminders"
Paste in your Calendar feed
Repeat these steps for any other calendars that you want

Export Calendars

This process allows us to properly export your feeds out from Thunderbird which will integrate into Ubuntu's top Calendar

Go to your Extensions and edit the preferences of the Automatic Export Add-on
Check off recurrent export and setup an output director your your files
Check off iCal export and which Calendars you wish to export

Integrate into Ubuntu

  As it stands Ubuntu / Ubuntu Gnome only properly integrates with Evolution

Start Evolution
Select New > Calendar
Check "Use an existing iCalendar" and find one of the calendars you have export
Uncheck "Allow Evolution to update the file"
Repeat for all of your calendars
Select Edit >> Preferences
Click on the Reminders tab

  You can either choose to keep reminders on (which will be initiated by THunderbird automatically) or turn them off in this interface.
  Close evolution (you don't need to re-open it again since the Evolution service takes care of the synchronization)

  You're done! Now whenever you open Thunderbird you will receive reminders from Facebook, and can view all of your events by clicking on the Date/Time in the top menu.


Here is a guide to using relinux, the fork of remastersys
http://lkubuntu.wordpress.com/2011/10/10/relinux-a-way-to-create-a-bootable-iso-out-of-your-system/


How can I install SCISOFT 8 on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS?

There are some instructions to install Scisoft on Ubuntu here on the University of Istanbul's website, which are similar to the instructions you found:

Installation of SCISOFT into an Ubuntu:
Download scisoft.tar [this is a direct link - clicking will start the download or prompt for confirmation to download] to your / directory

Then it gives these commands:

cd /
sudo tar xvzf scisoft.tar
sudo apt-get install libc6:i386 libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386
sudo apt-get install tcsh:i386 libgfortran3:i386 libreadline5:i386
sudo apt-get install libsdl-image1.2:i386 libsdl-ttf2.0-0:i386
sudo apt-get install unixodbc:i386 libxft2:i386 libxrandr2:i386
sudo apt-get install libxmu6:i386 libxss1:i386
echo ". /scisoft/bin/Setup.bash" >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
run ecl…done

if necessary:
sudo apt-get install libxml2:i386 lib32stdc++6 lib64stdc++6 libxft2:i386

But these instructions seem unlikely to work on Ubuntu 18.04. The page does not say when they were updated, but it seems they are for an earlier version, because some of the library versions are old. For example, the instructions ask for libgfortran3, but Ubuntu 18.04 repositories have libgfortran5. Perhaps the software will run with the newer version of the libraries, but perhaps it will crash. Downgrading the libraries could horribly break other things on your system, so don't do that.
If you want to try following these instructions, I would first suggest not downloading the tarball to /, but instead to a local directory or to /tmp so that you can untar it without sudo and limit the cleanup you have to do if the installation doesn't go well. After downloading the file, go to the location where it downloaded to, which you can see in your browser when you download it, or in your browser preferences. In a terminal, to change directory, you use the cd command, for example one of these might work:
cd Downloads
cd /tmp/mozilla_$USER0

Check that the file is in the current directory using the ls command. If you see the scisoft file there you can run the tar command (without sudo)
tar xvzf scisoft.tar

And then you can try installing the dependencies. I recommend doing this one by one so that you can solve any problems that occur. If you don't have any 32-bit software on your system already, you may need to run
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

and then
sudo apt install libc6:i386

and so on for all the packages in the instructions.
If you get an error saying that no package was found, you can use apt search or https://packages.ubuntu.com/ to try to find the equivalent package for your version of Ubuntu.

According to the this page on the ESO website, Scisoft is packaged for Fedora, CentOS and Scientific Linux, so you can probably save yourself a lot of trouble by installing one of those distributions instead of, alongside, or perhaps in a virtual machine inside, your Ubuntu 18.04 system.


Cairo Dock: white outline on selected icons?

Right click on cairo-dock and select cairo dock - configure

Click Advanced mode

Click Indicators

In the Indicator of the active window section, select image of the Type of indicator drop down.

You can select any image file to use as the active app indicator, or just leave it blank to deactivate it

Click Apply