It's explained by the following: the /etc/environment file is not a shell script and contains only properties that read when the system starts. The source command is used to launch shell scripts in the current console. You can restart your system to apply the changes or add this lines into the ~/.profile or ~/.bashrc files and start the source command for one of them.

Note that properties from the /etc/environment file will be applied to all of the users; the lines from the ~/.profile file only for defined one.


I had the same problem, installing the following package fixed it for me:

sudo apt-get install sni-qt:i386


No sound on 14.04 - various troubleshooting tried already

I am guessing you have (you said you've tried Pulse Audio) but did you access it through pavucontrol?

Have you tried

amixer set Master 100

I have had some sound issues in Ubuntu 14.04 (now I'm using 16.04, but none yet...) which started after plugging in my headphones. I thought it had to do with the jack, but these steps fixed it for me.

I think at that time, the main volume in pavucontrol was muted.


Cannot use Ruble sign on Russian keyboard layout

The final solution depends on the desktop environment in use:

For Cinnamon you need to

Make left mouse click on layout switcher in tray, select Keyboard Settings
Go to Layouts tab
Click Options
Set Key to choose the 3rd level to Right Alt
Click Close
Close Keyboard configuration window
Switch keyboard layout to Russian
Click RightAlt+8 to write the Ruble symbol (₽)

For KDE you need to

Make right mouse click on layout switcher in tray, select Configure Layouts
Go to Advanced tab
Check Configure keyboard options
Set Key to choose the 3rd level to Right Alt
Click OK
Switch keyboard layout to Russian
Click RightAlt+8 to write the Ruble symbol (₽)

For GNOME desktop you need to

Install GNOME Tweaks by sudo apt-get install gnome-tweaks
Launch Tweaks application
Go to Keyboard & Mouse tab
Click on Additional Layout Options
Set Key to choose the 3rd level to Right Alt
Close Additional Layout Options window and close Tweaks application
Switch keyboard layout to Russian
Click RightAlt+8 to write the Ruble symbol (₽)

For MATE desktop you need to set this in Keyboard Preferences (mate-keyboard-properties):

On Layouts tab add Russian keyboard layout
Click Options
Set Key to choose the 3rd level to Right Alt
Close Keyboard Preferences window
Switch keyboard layout to Russian
Click RightAlt+8 to write the Ruble symbol (₽)

For Xfce, LXDE, LxQT:

Open terminal
Open Nano editor to edit keyboard configuration file by sudo nano /etc/default/keyboard
Add lv3:ralt_switch to the XKBOPTIONS variable
Save the file with Ctrl+O, close editor with Ctrl+X
Rebuild initrams with sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
Reboot and login to desktop session
Switch keyboard layout to Russian
Click RightAlt+8 to write the Ruble symbol (₽)


how to apt-get install with only minimal components necessary for an application

Try installing it without the recommended ones, like this:

$ sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install package

This usually saves you a lot of extras, but keep in mind that your application lacks some functionality. Hence, these recommended dependencies are recommended.


mount partition on ubuntu startup in similar way when clicks on partiton

I guess you want to see it in your file manager. Then you have to mount it to

"/media/<user_name>/<some_directory>".

Or

"/media/<some_directory>"

for all users.
In your case add to fstab

/dev/sda8 /media/mount_folder ext3 defaults 0 0

You can also do it manually, same way as it is done by nautilus.

sudo mkdir /media/$USER/mount_dir
sudo mount /dev/sda8/ /media/$USER/mount_dir


How do I remove the Ubuntu installation USB without having problems?

As per comments:

  Repeat the installation but do not remove USB until complete.


Will LibreOffice advance ahead of Open Office eventually?

When Libreoffice was founded, the majority of the full time staff working on OpenOffice moved to work on Libreoffice instead. That means the developers for Libreoffice are essential the same as those who worked on OpenOffice.org (plus a few new coders). Oracle recently announced that they were abandoning OpenOffice.org.

So really the answer to your question is that it already has and that users should switch to Libreoffice since they will not see significant additional support for OpenOffice.


Is there a way to safely close down Chromium from the command-line?

Use SIGTERM:

pkill -x -15 chromium-browser

or:

pkill -x chromium-browser

the default value is -15 equal to SIGTERM.

From Wikipedia:

  The SIGTERM signal is sent to a process to request its termination. Unlike the SIGKILL signal, it can be caught and interpreted or ignored by the process. This allows the process to perform nice termination releasing resources and saving state if appropriate. SIGINT is nearly identical to SIGTERM.

PS: pkill -3 chromium was only an illustration of how may a session lost happen.


This looks like the 'Rodent' theme in gtk.
Apparently qt apps under any different user can not automatically pick up the desktop theme.

Run:

xhost +
gksudo -u youruser qtconfig
xhost -
 from the command line. If it is not installed, install it with sudo apt-get install qt4-qtconfig. Then set GUI Style to Gtk+ at the first, appearance tab. Save and exit. Subsequent 'sudoed' qt applications will pick up the running GTK theme.

However this might affect the looks of these apps when run under KDE. Perhaps file a bug report with the qt makers.

EDIT:
Effective today, 2013-02-27, there is a qt-chooser-package in updates which might help these issues.


How to escape a quote in Postgresql command?

I found something that helped. I supplied the password alter command after the script broke out of the EOF. So here is what worked for me:

    su - postgres <<'EOF'
    . /var.src
    psql
    CREATE ROLE john;
    ALTER ROLE john WITH LOGIN;
    CREATE DATABASE john;
    ALTER DATABASE john OWNER TO john;
    \q
    EOF

    . /var.src
    sudo -u postgres psql -c "ALTER USER john WITH PASSWORD '$JOHNPASSWORD';"

This is because I called the variable file again after the EOF. I'm sure that has to do with my previous assumption of escaping the quote. But this works also.


I read about a guy with the same error message and it was due to changing the the path to the home directory before migrating the contents to the new location.

Similar issue

Maybe you inadvertently did something similar. He solution in that case was

  I started in failsafe mode and typed: "usermod -d /my/new/home [username]" but it told me, [username] is already logged in...
  So, I created a passwd for the root user and logged in as root. Then I typed "startx". I went to system settings (where all begun) account management and I typed the old path to /home to [username]! Now I can log in again as [username]!

Maybe that will help


Installed PlayonLinux and this annoying update message keep popping up

PlayOnWindows will also install a few other programs, including ttf-mscorefonts-installer, which downloads and installs some fonts from Microsoft. It downloads the fonts from an unstable location, and is currently having trouble. If you wait a while, it will probably manage to install them, and then give you no more trouble. Alternatively, you can remove the Microsoft font installer thus:

apt purge ttf-mscorefonts-installer

This will remove the program, and it will no longer attempt to install Microsoft fonts.


Valid linux command rejected in awk script

The commands inside an awk script must be valid awk commands, rather than valid shell commands.

Although it does have mechanisms for executing external commands via the system() function, or the use of getline from a pipe or co-process, these are used rather rarely. For simple text processing tasks, awk's built-in capabilities are usually enough.

In particular, GNU awk (gawk) - which is the default in current versions of Ubuntu - has regex matching capabilities roughly equivalent to POSIX Extended Regular Expression (ERE) syntax, so that you can usually avoid using grep. For example, given

$ cat myscript.awk
$5 ~ /[a-zA-Z]/ {print "Line " FNR ": alpha"}

and

$ cat file.txt
A B C D E F G H
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
a b c d e f g h

then

$ awk -f myscript.awk file.txt
Line 1: alpha
Line 3: alpha


There should in theory be a way to restart the browser without causing any security concerns, however the developers probably don't view the feature as a priority. On the official site it is seen not as a bug, but as a feature request:

People want to:
Start Tor Browser Bundle, close Tor Browser for various reasons, leave Tor and/or Vidalia running for various reasons, and restart Tor Browser later.

Again, the official line is that the developers are 'working on a way to make this possible on all platforms'.
None of the current Linux stable or alpha versions of tor browser bundle currently implement the restart feature. This is because they do not contain the version of Vidalia that had the feature which allowed you to restart the browser after closing it. That version of Vidalia is discussed in this request, although there have been requests and discussion of the feature for all platforms here and here.
In summary, the aforementioned official sources make it clear that this seemingly simple browser restart feature is not so simple to implement. It would require a specific patched version of Vidalia, a specially patched version of Firefox (beyond the one already included in the bundle), and much work to make sure that there were no security holes introduced into the software.
There doesn't seem to be a quick way to implement a shell-script to do it unfortunately, so it's just a case of waiting for the developers to implement the feature or trying to help out with the development oneself.


How to make partitions after installing Ubuntu using "Erase everything on the drive and install Ubuntu" option

This repartition is actually pretty easy.
Please note that it's normal to install Windows first, and Ubuntu second, and both should be installed in the same fashion... either BIOS mode or UEFI mode... with a new GPT partition table (which will wipe the disk) if your computer is in UEFI mode. It's best to make these decisions now, rather than trying to change it all later.
Make sure that you have a good backup of your important Ubuntu files, as this procedure can corrupt or loose data.
Keep these things in mind:

always start the entire procedure with issuing a swapoff on any mounted swap partitions, and end the entire procedure with issuing a swapon on that same swap partition

a move is done by pointing the mouse pointer at the center of a partition and dragging it left/right with the hand cursor

a resize is done by dragging the left/right side of a partition to the left/right with the directional arrow cursor

if any partition can't be moved/resized graphically, you may have to manually enter the specific required numeric data (don't do this unless I instruct you to)

you begin any move/resize by right-clicking on the partition in the lower part of the main window, and selecting the desired action from the popup menu, then finishing that action in the new move/resize window

Do the following...
Note: if the procedure doesn't work exactly as I outline, STOP immediately and DO NOT continue.

boot the a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted
right-click on /dev/sda2 in the lower pane and select resize
resize the right side of /dev/sda2 and reduce it by 400G
right-click on the newly created unallocated space and create two new  200G partitions (EXT4 if it's for Ubuntu use, or NTFS to share with Windows, or NTFS if it's to become a Windows installation at a later date.)
if everything looks correct, click the Apply icon


I'm actually writing this in Ubuntu 20.04 on an iMac 5,1, though I agree it's an absolute pig of a machine, and I still can't get the WiFi working on it (I'm using a dongle I bought for a fiver to get online).
I don't know how long I've spent faffing around trying to get a version --- any version --- of Linux to run on this recalcitrant computer, but I'm a bit like a dog with a bone, and by God's good grace I got there in the end.
Anyway, my solution came in the shape of this script, written by a capital fellow from Beijing...
https://github.com/mytbk/liveusb-builder
You'll need to clone the ia32efi-test branch, and create an entry for Ubuntu 20.04 --- I just copied and modified the one for 18.04.  You can put different distributions on the same USB stick: the iMac will boot them all (sometimes reluctantly).  And remember to add radeon.modeset=0 to the GRUB entry, or your boot screen will fade to black...
I've installed Arch (my distribution of choice) this way, too, although I'm stuck with the command line, since it throws a wobbly when I try to run X.
As I say, a pig of a machine...
EDIT:  I've now got Arch running X, at last.  Thank Heaven...


Maybe is easier to simple add swap with swap file

Create swapfile. Count is size of swap file

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=5048576

format file

mkswap /swapfile

Turn on swap

swapon /swapfile

Edit fstab to add swap

/swapfile       none    swap    sw      0       0


What is the default clipboard manager in Xubuntu?

It's the /usr/bin/X program.

Every program acts as  a X client for the X server.

As Michael Toren states: "Copy-paste exists in all X Windows implementions, independent of the Window Manager".


Google Chrome Not Opening Since 25 January 2021 . .

This can happen when something interferes with Chrome's ability to read its cached files. What's odd is that this seems to be the result of something in Chrome itself, as the cached files are not something anyone will manually play with. You can test if this is the case by renaming/deleting the ~/.config/google-chrome directory. For this exercise, let's just rename:
mv ~/.config/google-chrome ~/.config/google-chrome-old

Now start Chrome.
If this works, you'll notice that your preferences and bookmarks are "gone". If you sync these with Google, simply sign in again. If you keep them local, you will need to see if there are file permission differences between the new directory and the old one, make the necessary changes using chown and/or chmod, then copy some files back.
Hope this helps


How do I magnify a small area around around the pointer?

Install compiz

sudo apt install compiz compiz-plugins compizconfig-settings-manager

Enable magnifier in CompizConfig Settings and adjust box size.

Press Super + m to open magnifying box around the cursor.


To start Seafile when you login to KDE: Launch autostart

Select 'desktop file' then 'add program' on right.

Type 'seafile-applet' in the search box and press OK.

Press OK to confirm the addition


mythlink.pl is typically located at /usr/share/doc/mythtv-backend/contrib/user_jobs/mythlink.pl.

you can run it from a terminal, as a chron, or as a User Job (in mythtv).


Blank screen after suspend/hibernate in Ubuntu 15.04

Same problem. Possible paths include:
- moving to upstream kernel? V4.x
- changing display manager
- modifying boot kernel parameters
- scripts to sleep.d folders

I am likewise not sure which way to turn; one could do a lot of damange following these pathways at random.


How to exclude multiple directories with rsync?

OK I feel really dumb.  Before I even posted this question my friend showed me how to do it and it is really simple.  To exclude multiple directories you just use multiple --exclude=path switches.  So my command above properly written is as follows:
rsync -arv --exclude=.ccache --exclude=build /home/ben /media/ben/thumbdrive/

Note: Use relative paths with exclude. The paths are relative to the source directory, here /home/ben.


GPM is just the application you are looking for! It stands for "General Purpose Mouse":

 This package provides a daemon that captures mouse events when the system
 console is active, and delivers events to applications through a library.
 .
 By default, the daemon provides a 'selection' mode, so that
 cut-and-paste with the mouse works on the console just as it does
 under X.

And can be installed by running:

sudo apt-get install gpm

Screenshot:

FYI: I have put a red box around the mouse just to make it obvious where and what it is. I have also selected some text above just to show that this can be done.


In Software Sources (via System Settings...) under the tab Updates check that upgrades are not restricted to Long Term Support Ubuntu Versions


dangerdeep: preprocessor error: #version must appear on the first line

It means the game has a bug that #version directive in GLSL shader appears not on the first line. Imagine that half the shader parsed as one GLSL version, and then the other half as another — it would make no sense! So the compiler just bails out with the error.

In general there's .drirc file for dealing with alike misbehaving apps, however looking at xdriinfo options r600 | grep version I see nothing to deal with the specific problem (note though that I didn't look really carefully, so I could miss it).

I see no easy way to deal with the problem. You can α) report a bug to the game developers, β) since the game is FOSS, try fixing the problem yourself (Mesa has a bunch of options to debug, e.g. you can dump GLSL to figure out which shader has the problem) γ) edit the userspace driver to ignore the problem, and compile/install it.


It may well be that in your case only a minor component of the sound system (mainly ALSA and pulseaudio) is missing that could be reinstalled or reconfigured easily. To tell this you should exactly know what you have done, what you have removed and what you may have installed as a replacement. From what you write in your question this unfortunately seems not to be the case.
What to do if we removed all or part of the sound system?
Restoring the sound system would in theory be possible by reinstalling all sound related packages including their default system wide settings, but to my experience a fresh install of Ubuntu is much faster, safer, and easier. Take care to keep your settings and data in your /home directory untouched. You may have to reinstall some additional packages but you will see that even these will have kept your individual settings from your untouched /home.
Is it only a wrong user setting?
If you only changed settings and configuration files but did not remove packages there may indeed be a good chance to recover your system. You can easily find out if your sound problems come from a wrong user setting or from system wide settings by looking at sound in the guest account or by creating a new user account. In case this new user has sound you will find all default settings in the new user's /home. In some cases wrong pulseaudio settings in a user's home can be removed by renaming/deleting ~/.config/pulse (~/.pulse in older releases).
mv ~/.config/pulse ~/.config/pulse.old

Of course this will not help when system-wide settings are broken.


'unsupported locale setting' fault by command-not-found

I had the same problem, but found the following solution over at ubuntuforums:

export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales


How to make Ubuntu 16 on a USB stick force hp smart array P400 to use the hpsa driver

In addition to CelticWarrior's remark. Try another USB to see if the I/O errors persist. If they do, you may have a serious hardware problem in your Proliant.


Kubuntu: disable mouse acceleration and adjust mouse speed

How to adjust mouse speed in KDE

    without enabling mouse acceleration
    and only using the settings dialog (no console, no config files)

This is a colloquial summary of exhuma's answer, don't forget to upvote it.

In KDE, mouse acceleration is not logarithmic. That is, it has two constant mouse speeds: non-accelerated and accelerated. It switches from one to another when you jerk the mouse quickly enough.

The first speed is non-configurable (at least, from GUI). The second speed is configurable.

The solution is:

Set "Pointer threshold" to 0. As a result, the second speed will be applied at all times.
Adjust "Pointer acceleration" to make that speed higher or lower.

You will end up with a constant, non-dynamic cursor speed adjusted to your liking.


Ubuntu 14.04 does not see a touchpad on my Dell Inspiron 14 3000 laptop

From: http://fr.community.dell.com/forums_daide/ordinateurs_portables_-_matriel/f/14/t/4074

  Pour votre information et si qqn est amené à requérir votre aide sur
  le touchpad, voici comment résoudre le défaut.

  Ce problème se règle assez facilement, quand on sait quoi faire ! Il
  faut ajouter une ligne à un fichier de configuration pour
  “blacklister” un certain pilote, qui entre en conflit avec la
  reconnaissance du touchpad. La procédure est simple, il suffit
  d'ouvrir le Terminal (depuis le menu Unity, taper “terminal” pour
  retrouver l'application et la lancer) et de copier-coller la commande
  suivante (évidemment, appuyer sur Entrée ensuite)

In terminal, run:

echo "blacklist i2c_hid" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Then restart and the touchpad should work properly.


Install php tidy to sublime on ubuntu 14.04

To install plugins, also known as packages, you'll first need to install Package Control. Go to the ST3 installation page and follow the Simple Installation Instructions very carefully. I have not copied the installation code here, as it changes with different releases, however the link I gave should remain constant. Once you've pasted the code into your console and hit Enter, and you've received the confirmation message, quit Sublime completely, then restart it. Basic usage instructions are here.

OK, this is the part where I'd usually tell you to open the Command Palette, find Package Control: Install Package, scroll through the list, pick PhpTidy, and install it easily. Unfortunately, due to the laziness of the author, we can't do it that way, as the Package Control database currently only lists the plugin as working with Sublime Text 2, even though it's been updated (nearly a year ago) to work with ST3. This means we can't install it the usual way. There's also a file in the repository that needs to be deleted, otherwise it may not work. This won't be too hard, so don't get scared, it's just a little command-line work.

First, open up your favorite Terminal emulator. If you installed 14.04 with all the default options, you'll find a button on the top left of the icon toolbar that looks approximately like this:

Click it, and type "Terminal" into the search box. The cleverly-named Terminal application should show up, and you can just click on it to open it. If you're a pro command-line user, I apologize for going through this step-by-step :)

NB: For all the commands below, it would probably be better if you copied them from your web browser and pasted them into Terminal (CtrlShiftV is the shortcut) instead of trying to recreate them by hand. Even a single-letter mistake could really mess up the process.

At the command prompt, double-check and see if you have a utility called git installed, by typing

which git

and hitting Enter. If /usr/bin/git shows up, great, just skip to the next part. If nothing shows up, or you get a message about installing something, type this next:

sudo apt-get install git

and enter your admin user's password when prompted. This will install the utility we need for the next step.

OK, git is installed. Next, type

cd ~/.config/sublime-text-3/Packages

to change to that directory, which is where certain Sublime Text packages are stored. Then, enter

git clone https://github.com/welovewordpress/SublimePhpTidy.git PhpTidy

to pull the plugin files from Github and place them on your computer in a new PhpTidy directory. Finally, type in

rm -f PhpTidy/php_tidy.pyc

to delete the file that may cause problems for you, and which has no right being in a repo anyways. You can now close Terminal.

Congratulations, the plugin is installed! To tidy your PHP code, just hit CtrlAltT.

Good luck!


What does StackApplet "Network Error" mean?

I am the author of StackApplet and I'll do my best to answer your question.

  "...so I added the switch: --proxy-bypass-list="localhost,127.0.0.1" to the above command and I was then able to access the preference page without any problems."

I'm actually surprised that Chromium wouldn't display a local URL without the command-line argument specifying a proxy. Still - if it works, that's great.

  "What does the Network Error. message mean?"

This error is displayed whenever the application receives a URLError exception from the urllib2 Python module. This can happen for a number of different reasons - including a misconfigured proxy.

  "What should I do to fix/debug this error?"

This is tricky.

StackApplet isn't able to use either system-wide or Chromium-specific proxy settings. (In fact, being able to configure proxy settings for StackApplet has been a long-standing feature request.)

What I would suggest is running StackApplet in a terminal. Make sure that all running instances of the application are closed and run:

/usr/bin/stackapplet

Keep an eye out for any error messages that appear in the output.

If you continue to receive errors, please file a bug here.


You can try to run Citavi on Ubuntu using Wine.

Please notice that not all Citavi versions are (currently) supported by Wine; more info can be found on Wine's official website:

https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=application&iId=4895


This is what I did afterward since the initial kernel reinstall didn't do anything, or at least it didn't produce the needed results.
I ran the following command to remove GNOME altogether because I figured maybe if I remove the window management part it could only help since there will be less dependencies:
sudo apt purge adwaita-icon-theme gedit-common gir1.2-gdm-1.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0 gir1.2-gnomedesktop-3.0 gir1.2-goa-1.0 gnome-accessibility-themes gnome-bluetooth gnome-calculator gnome-calendar gnome-characters gnome-control-center gnome-control-center-data gnome-control-center-faces gnome-desktop3-data gnome-font-viewer gnome-getting-started-docs gnome-getting-started-docs-ru gnome-initial-setup gnome-keyring gnome-keyring-pkcs11 gnome-logs gnome-mahjongg gnome-menus gnome-mines gnome-online-accounts gnome-power-manager gnome-screenshot gnome-session-bin gnome-session-canberra gnome-session-common gnome-settings-daemon gnome-settings-daemon-common gnome-shell gnome-shell-common gnome-shell-extension-appindicator gnome-shell-extension-desktop-icons gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock gnome-startup-applications gnome-sudoku gnome-system-monitor gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes-extra gnome-themes-extra-data gnome-todo gnome-todo-common gnome-user-docs gnome-user-docs-ru gnome-video-effects language-pack-gnome-en language-pack-gnome-en-base language-pack-gnome-ru language-pack-gnome-ru-base language-selector-gnome libgail18 libgail18 libgail-common libgail-common libgnome-autoar-0-0 libgnome-bluetooth13 libgnome-desktop-3-19 libgnome-games-support-1-3 libgnome-games-support-common libgnomekbd8 libgnomekbd-common libgnome-menu-3-0 libgnome-todo libgoa-1.0-0b libgoa-1.0-common libpam-gnome-keyring libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsoup-gnome2.4-1 nautilus-extension-gnome-terminal pinentry-gnome3 yaru-theme-gnome-shell

Then, I ran autopurge command as to sudo apt autopurge.
Next, I ran desktop install again with sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop command followed with update and upgrade commands, and finally with a sudo reboot and when it booted it booted into 20.10/
Now, how stable is it? I don't know as I am still checking it all. If I find anything unusual, I will post further comments.


How to share bash aliases between non-root user bash and shell opened by "sudo -i"?

The related Serverfault post suggests using /etc/bashrc, but I personally would recommend creating /etc/shell_aliases file ( apparently /etc/aliases by sendmail package is already reserved ) , and source it from your user's and root users .bashrc file. That way you can re-define aliases globally.

Alternative approach as shown in this AskUbuntu post is to use /etc/profile.d/00-aliases.sh.

$ sudo bash -c 'echo alias print_hello=\"echo 'HELLO\ ASKUBUNTU'\" > /etc/profile.d/00-aliases.sh  '
$ sudo -i
$ print_hello
HELLO ASKUBUNTU

Side note: for GUI shells , you will have to log out and log in, because .profile is sourced each time you log in, and once you sing into the system via graphical login screen, it will be sourced , but only once. All terminal emulators opened are considered interactive shells after that.


Password for GUI not working but same password in command prompt is working

Something makes difference, try type it somewhere else if you're typing really that password, To change password press CTRL + ALT + F1 > there you log-in and type "passwd" or passwd "username" and press enter, it will ask for new password


I believe it is an errant setting in my init.lua file for neovim. I am setting the undodir to ~/.config/nvim/undodir and somehow it is interpreting that as a local path instead of the actual home directory path to my nvim config. I will have to look into this further as to why that is happening, but it explains why the directory is just popping up.
Whenever I undo something in Neovim, it is creating an undo file at ./'~'/.config/nvim/undodir which is not what I was looking for.


Trouble with Plymouth and Suspend/Hibernate on a Dell Optiplex GX520

The best idea would be to upgrade to a later model, e.g. an Optiplex 745 (Core 2 Duo instead of Pentium IV) just works flawlessly with 11.10, because broken ACPI tables were the norm when the transition from APM to ACPI was taking place. You could have a look at the dell web page if they have a firmware update, YMMV. There are also some dell packages in the repository for firmware updates.

Suspend and hibernate require working ACPI since the modern linux kernel has dumped APM for good.

Plymouth works only if the hardware supports kernel mode switching. yourdriver.modeset=0 turns it off but you should demand it from your system.

Other ideas would be to open the case and clean the intel gma chip, try a 19" 1280x1024 monitor or a dual monitor setup with a passively cooled PCI Matrox card (e.g. a g450).


System Settings wont open after driver update

You can remove the driver that does not work well for some reason by

sudo apt install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-367

Reboot.


Blurry vertical sections using fglrx with Radeon hd 6970

This problem went away with the latest version of Ubuntu.
The version that was used previously was 10.10 and I can probably safely say the problem occurs in older versions as the version of ATI's driver that supports the HD 69xx series were incompatible with 10.10 and below although installing the driver from the ATI website works (albeit with the vertical lines) because the driver from Additional Drivers causes you to drop to a shell or panic because fglrx crashes upon startup.


The file you are linking at is a PNG image, true. I understood it via the file command.

There doesn't seem to be an option at the default gnome-screenshot tool for saving as JPEG format, but there is at Shutter, which can be easily installed via the Ubuntu Software Center:


Executing a bash script in the terminal just by its name

You will need to change the permissions. Notice the -rw-rw-r-- line in the line about mybashscript~. These characters show the permissions level for the file. Right now you have it so that nothing can execute the file, only read or write it.

An easy fix is chmod 775 ./mybashscript. This will change those characters to -rwxrwxr-x. The added x's mean that anyone can also execute the code, and will allow you to run your code.

If you are concerned that anyone can execute your code, which is a good thing if you are a security minded person or on a shared computer etc. You should look at this webpage that talks about what the different file permissions mean. Once you have a decent understanding of how permissions work you can edit them so that only certain users can read, write or run the file.


Wubi overwrites my Ubuntu username to Administrator and ignores my password

Wubi sets your Account Name to the Windows Account you installed under, regardless of the username you choose. But under the covers, it is using the username.

So, you choose jim as your username, but install from your Windows Administrator account. This means your home directory will be /home/jim and your username jim and your Terminal prompt jim@ubuntu, but on the account login you will be prompted with Administrator. You can change this if you like by going to User Accounts Settings.

The reason for this weird behaviour is that the designer expected you would install under the account Jim and then automatically defaulted the username to jim. However, the designer didn't code for the case where the account was Bob and you installed as jim.

But note that the password is always the one entered when you installed Wubi. Make sure you use the one you had to enter twice, regardless of the account name you're greeted with.

Note: when you enter a password in the terminal, it automatically suppresses output for security purposes. It doesn't show any response (e.g. not even *'s). You just have to type it and hit Enter. Read this question for more info: Nothing shows up in the terminal when I type my password.


Keyboard shortcuts to launch GNOME calculator in Ubuntu 18.04?

The shortcut you are giving for Launch calculator is for gnome-calculator if you installed it via APT.

Below is the path of executable file of snap version of Calculator that is pre-installed with Ubuntu 18.04 which can be used to set shortcut as well.

/snap/bin/gnome-calculator

Output of lsblk -lf

NAME   FSTYPE   LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
loop0  squashfs                                            /snap/core/6130
loop1  squashfs                                            /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/74
loop2  squashfs                                            /snap/gnome-system-monitor/57
loop3  squashfs                                            /snap/gtk-common-themes/818
loop4  squashfs                                            /snap/gnome-logs/45
loop5  squashfs                                            /snap/gnome-calculator/222
loop6  squashfs                                            /snap/gnome-characters/117
loop7  squashfs                                            /snap/gnome-system-monitor/54
loop8  squashfs                                            /snap/gtk-common-themes/319
loop9  squashfs                                            /snap/gnome-characters/139
loop10 squashfs                                            /snap/gnome-logs/40
loop11 squashfs                                            /snap/core/5328
loop12 squashfs                                            /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/70
loop13 squashfs                                            /snap/gnome-calculator/260

To use Ctrl+Alt+5 either install gnome-calculator from APT or create a custom shortcut for snap version of Calculator.

I have customized for both


Running 12.04 on a Dell Inspiron 1545 having random system lockups

Check if your random system lookups happen during file operations,
if they do you might try using another scheduler for example :
    echo "deadline" | sudo tee /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler

If it does here you can find out how to make it permanent.


Problems running anything with elevated privileges in GUI

I just had exactly the same behaviour - adding the users to the authority list gives them access, but not the group.

In my case I had to reinstall the package libpolkit-gobject-1-0, which I somehow accidentially removed.

Seems that policykit needs that library to find out in which groups a user is.


The problem might be with your laptop because I have seen many cases where it becomes difficult to gain back your session after 'suspending' from terminal. Try cleaning your fans for one thing.


Why does Ubuntu drain my laptop battery so quickly?

Maybe your installation is not optimized for battery life. If your graphic card is always on, it consumes more power.

You could try these things:

Make sure that you wont use only your nvidia dependend on you bios settings (Enable Optimus & Dynamic graphic card there)
Make sure you have installed bbswitch
Make sure bbswitch is configured correctly. (ArchWiki - Bumblebee)

Then it should work. Also, if you are using resource-hungry applications, it is possible that your device automatically uses your nvidia.

You could also check, wether your cpu is running in "performance"-mode or "power-saving"-mode.


This was bothering me for some time. On my Lenovo Yoga 3 Pro, touchpad used to stop from time to time, and after couple of minutes it was becoming responsive again. But couple of days ago it stopped and it wouldn't start working so I had to start using external mouse. xinput list did not list it as well.

I am daily updating my system so I though it might do with some packages not working properly, so I just did this:

sudo apt autoremove

and rebooted and it was working again.


Blank page when trying to access phpmyadmin

All the previous answers did not help me, but then I found the solution:

apt install php-gettext

this fixed phpmyadmin white blank page issue.


Ubuntu software center stops half way through installation of apps

It could be a dependency of software-center that is causing the issue. Try running these commands:

sudo apt purge software-center
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt install software-center

This procedure will first purge software-center, then it will also remove all the dependencies of software-center, then reinstall the app.

Unfortunately, some of the dependencies of software-center are also dependencies of other apps, including some apps necessary for your system to work. Therefore will not be removed by sudo apt autoremove. So if this doesn't work, a re-install may help.


Isn't my HTOP weird on my Ubuntu server 12.04?

No, it's not weird.  Yes, it's normal.

Apache can use multi-processing modules (MPM) to handle concurrent requests (see Apache MPM documentation).  The default used in Ubuntu is prefork, which spawns several processes and allows each one to serve incoming requests.

If the server was receiving significant traffic, you would see even more processes spawned, but even without traffic there will be several spare processes waiting.


Installed Ubuntu over Debian, But Only Debian boots

looks like the grub didn't install... (or if it did it isn't working properly). easiest thing to do would be to put your ubuntu live disk/usb back in and fix that. there is a detailed explanation of what to do to re-install grub here: http://howtoubuntu.org/how-to-repair-restore-reinstall-grub-2-with-a-ubuntu-live-cd. Good luck! and hope you can get that working.


Creating a crontab for logging all processes and saving them to a log

Yout need to call the command as follow:

22 14 * * * ps -ef >> /home/documents/test.log

or with date/time information

22 14 * * * (/bin/date;/bin/ps -ef) >> /home/documents/test.log


Where is Start-up Applications in 14.04 Unity?

Easiest method is to search for "start" in dash:

It is also possible to start it from command line, the command is gnome-session-properties:


Is it possible to recover unflushed data from the disk/page cache?

The simple answer is "No, sorry, but your data's gone" :(

Shutdown as soon as possible (maybe even uncleanly) and use a LiveCD, etc. to mount your source partition and recover the file with testdisk/photorec, etc.

Remember to append a ; sync next time so you know the file has been written to the USB when the prompt reappears.

In general it's almost impossible to retrieve data from the file cache unless you can somehow find what the "page cache" process is, and then there would be other issues.

You can examine and dump the contents of a process's memory from /proc/$pid/mem with a debugger such as gdb -- but the process must be able to be SIGSTOPped. So: the requirements to dump the file cache to a disk file for analysis and possible recovery with testdisk, photorec, etc. are something like:

Find the elusive "page cache" process
Make sure it's stoppable
Dump its memory to disk
All without rebooting

Someone who has significant experience with kernel development could probably put together some code to do this...


Ubuntu Desktop 16.04.2 md5sum grub files problem

I ended up installing Ubuntu Desktop 16.04.1 and it boots just fine. Surprisingly all md5 sums are mismatched in the iso, except the iso itself, so I don't think that was the problem with 16.04.2.


Triple boot Ubuntu 13.10 with Windows 7 and Kali Linux

Boot Ubuntu live-disk and select Try Ubuntu option on startup.
Now open Gparted Partition Editor from Dash and create a separate ext4 partition (primary or logical) for Ubuntu.
Now run the Ubuntu installer and choose something else option to install Ubuntu on a newly created ext4 partition.
After Ubuntu installation has completed, run boot-repair if necessary.


Is it possible to run everything without sudo?

(ignoring security reasons)if you are just annoyed typing the password then just:
sudo -i
or
sudo -s
or
sudo su


new ext hard drive. how change from ROOT owner to me?

First mount the hard disk. Then, open Terminal and type in:

sudo chown (your user name, e.g. gwen):(your username again) '/media/gwen/ExHDD'

(NOTE: 1)By user name I mean the name you typed in the "User name" field with lower-case letters during installation. 2) The path '/media/gwen/ExHDD' is an example. For real external HDD ownership transfer, type in for the path '/media/(your user name)/(the external HDD's label'.)

Type your password when it asks you, and you will have full ownership of your external hard disk.

Hope this works!


No window manager running by default on boot, what is the best method to ensure one opens cleanly?

This is managed by a gconf key:

Open the configuration editor (gconf-editor) and ensure that /desktop/gnome/session/required_components/windowmanager is not empty (it should read metacity, compiz, or gnome-wm).

You can also do this from the command line by running:

gconftool -s /desktop/gnome/session/required_components/windowmanager -t string metacity

in a terminal or from the recovery console.

List item

If metacity doesn't work, you can try compiz or gnome-wm as your option. If they don't work, you can install openbox  until you find out why neither of these are working.

If none of these work then Gnome is not reading the gconf key for some reason and you have another problem to fix.

Another idea I can think of is to add metacity --replace or compiz --replace to your startup applications.

(NB! this is really a temporary fix because if you do this you will be starting them on any other Desktop Environments you use (like KDE or XFCE).


-style gtk+ took care of the seg fault for me ! thanks l13s7-ae

I added it to /usr/bin/wpp /usr/bin/wps and /usr/bin/et so it works from menu and file manager.

    if [ 1 -eq ${gDaemon} ]; then
        nohup ${gInstallPath}/office6/${gApp} ${gOpt} -style gtk+ > /dev/null 2>&1 &
    else
        ${gInstallPath}/office6/${gApp} ${gOptExt} ${gOpt} -style gtk+ "$@"
    fi


LAMP server: cannot view the created website

Have you given www-data an access to the files you copied in /var/www/?

  $ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/Your_Site/

or you let www-data own your site folder

  $ sudo chown -R www-data /var/www/Your_Site/


Before removing oracle java you must choose another implementation to provide java.  Do so with sudo update-alternatives --config java

Then you should be able to remove it.  Or you can leave it as it shouldn't be used at that point.


No sound via HDMI. Intel 82801H, Ubuntu 12.04

Turn the laptop on with the HDMI cable connected that it will enable the HDMI Audio on Sound Control Panel.

I have a Inspiron 14 (Intel board) with the same problem...


Problem after installion of NOD32 on xubuntu 12.04

After installing the program nod32 antivirus in ubuntu 12.04 I got this error every time I opened the console.

ERROR: ld.so: object 'libesets_pac.so' from /etc/ld.so.preload cannot be preloaded: ignored.

You can try to do this (from this page in Russian):

Open /etc/ld.so.preload

sudo nano -w /etc/ld.so.preload

and delete the row libesets_pac.so and save it.
Open /etc/rc.local

sudo nano -w /etc/rc.local

and just enter the line /opt/eset/esets/sbin/esets_daemon and save, after restarting the system.

This should solve your problem.


file owner cannot chmod file, report operation not permitted

Check to see if the file is set as immutable.

root@hostname:/tmp# lsattr ./a.out
----i--------e-- a.out

That i means the file is immutable and cannot be changed. You have to use chattr -i ./a.out to clear the flag, and then +i to re-enable after making changes.


unable to install podman on arm64 architecture

Here's the Packages file at the source you added: Hit:10 https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_18.04
(That's right, it's an ordinary URL, and you can open it in your browser.)
Package: podman
Version: 2.0.4~1
Architecture: amd64
Maintainer: Lokesh Mandvekar <lsm5@fedoraproject.org>
Installed-Size: 73417
Depends: libseccomp2, libdevmapper1.02.1, libgpgme11, catatonit, conmon (>= 2.0.18~1), containers-common (>= 1.0.0~2), containernetworking-plugins (>= 0.8.6~1), runc | cri-o-runc, iptables, podman-plugins
Recommends: crun, slirp4netns, uidmap, varlink
Conflicts: podman-rootless
Filename: ./amd64/podman_2.0.4~1_amd64.deb
Size: 18709272
MD5sum: de24c24e4a2d990f244d41326e4afbce
SHA1: 22a610027770313e290f34a18f43a31b0f377810
SHA256: 7b7a579b4c77a6adde51235a6c77a3431d10323b4dd7378e52edf499bc709b27
Section: devel
Priority: optional
Homepage: https://github.com/containers/libpod.git
Description: Manage pods, containers and container images.

Bad news: Note that the "Architecture:" field is only "amd64" instead of "arm64" or "armhf". This source won't do anything for you. Remove it.
Now for the Good News:
$ rmadison podman
 podman | 2.0.4+dfsg2-1ubuntu1 | groovy/universe | amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x

Podman for arm64 and armhf has been added the normal Ubuntu repositories. It's currently in pre-release testing for 20.10. Feel free to help test it.


How to disable sticky edges in Lubuntu 16.04

If you use Lubuntu 16.04, you should have a program called Openbox Configuration Manager accessible from Menu > Preferences.

Here's a screenshot of the possibilities. Maybe something there will help:

I don't have more than just the one screen and so can't say for sure.


Installing Windows 10 Dual Boot AFTER installing Ubuntu, on a custom Ubuntu computer

[Solution] (Repeated here so it can be marked as answered)
Geeze, I finally solved it. Sometimes it's just that right combination of things that takes you all day (particularly with drivers and compatability). At least you always learn something everytime you do it. Anyways, here are the exact steps and I hope that no one else has to go through this again lol.

What you will need: USB stick (and dongle if you only have thunderbolt ports). Note: I'm also running Ubuntu 16.04 (which will later be upgraded in place).

First, you will need to create an NTFS partition on your hard drive. You can't do this on the partition that you're running Ubuntu on while you're running it (But you will be changing that partition after this step). So you will need to download the GParted live CD/USB image and burn it onto a USB.
Here's the link : https://gparted.org/livecd.php
I used tuxboot to burn the image which can be found here: https://tuxboot.org/
I initially formatted and changed the filesystem of my USB stick to FAT32, and that ran GParted and booted up correctly.
Next, you will boot GParted (F12 at boot screen and select boot from USB), and create a partition on your hard drive. This can be done by simply using the slider after selecting "Move/Resize" on the partition of your hard drive that Ubuntu is currently installed on (don't mess with swap partitions and other stuff). Resize to something above the min needed for windows and however big you want the partition to be.
The partition will be unallocated, so you will need to give that block of memory a file system, and it will need to be NTFS. That can also be done in GParted.
Next, format your USB drive (Using GParted) and give it a filesystem of NTFS.
Once again, you can log back into Ubuntu to do this (use GParted in Ubunutu not on the USB). Burn your Windows ISO onto your now NTFS Formatted USB drive using Tuxboot.
If you can't mount your drive now, you may need to install an ntfs package for your Ubuntu installation. sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g
Once your Windows image is burned onto your USB drive, reboot your system and boot from USB (F12 at startup screen).

That's it! I'm now dual booting.

IMPORTANT NOTE: You will not have grub (startup menu that let's you select your OS) after doing this, you will have to install it manually. It will boot Windows by default, and you will need to f12 at start to use Ubuntu if you don't install grub. You don't have to drop to terminal or use an Ubuntu Live CD/USB to install it though, you can simply log into your ubuntu partition by pressing f12 and selecting it through the boot menu. Then, install grub, restart, and you should have a select screen (grub menu) everytime you boot up.

Known Bugs (Will add as more surface):
 - If you restart from windows without powering down and you select Ubuntu from the grub menu, Ubuntu will not boot. It will just drop to initramfs terminal.
To Load Ubuntu, you will need to power down your PC completely if you exit of out windows and restart to grub.
Not sure why this is happening, but it might have something to do with the separate file systems of the partitions, and the BIOS adjusting itself to said partitions. I ran disk checks on both partitions (fsck through gparted) and it was clear.


ClamTk has executable named clamtk (located in /usr/bin/clamtk).

You should enter clamtk in terminal to start ClamTk.


After updating to 20.10 from 20.04 I cannot connect to network

I had the same issue. What I did to solve this:

disable ufw firewall (it has become active after upgrading)

sudo ufw disable

add DNS server to resolved.conf

edit /etc/systemd/resolved.conf and change or add this line:
DNS=8.8.8.8

Then change the /etc/resolv.conf symlink:

sudo ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf


How to find mount point for audio CD/DVD

Audio CDs are a bit different - there's no actual filesystem there and as such they can't be mounted. Gnome's gvfs subsystem (which stands for "virtual filesystem") provides a file-like view of tracks on the audio CD, but it does it by directly accessing the device, without actually mounting it. So the tracks on the Audio CD look like files, but in fact they're not. They don't have real filenames, file size in bytes or other attributes of normal files.

You can convert those tracks to normal .mp3 or .ogg files using CD-ripping software if you need.

The "mount points" for gvfs (though they're not real mount points) are created in ~/.gvfs folder. There's supposedly also gvfs-mount command which can list/manage the mounts

Googling for "gvfs cdda" will provide you with additional information if you're still curious.


Unity fails to start session [after removing gnome]

This worked for me, although I have gnome bits lying around now-

Ubuntu Desktop does not load

basically, reinstall gnome-panel and unity-tweak-tool and then reset unity.


NumLock light ignores NumLock key on MSI laptop in 18.04

It is fixed after lastest kernel update [4.15.0-24-generic].


Startup warnings after upgrading from MongoDB 2.6 to 3.4

The MongoDB 3.4 log messages you have highlighted are startup warnings, not errors. These warnings are intended to alert administrators to configuration settings that may have potentially detrimental impact (particularly for production deployments).

If this is a development environment (or you are not concerned about maximizing performance) you can choose to ignore these.

For a more detailed list of recommended settings you should review the Production Notes in the MongoDB manual. Successive versions of MongoDB have added more server warnings for detectable configuration settings as many administrators are unaware of the production notes or what may apply to their deployment.

  WARNING: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine

This warning indicates you are using WiredTiger and a filesystem other than XFS (see http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem for more information).

  WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.

This warning indicates you do not have access control enabled, so any user/application that can connect to your deployment will have unrestricted access. To secure your deployment please review the measures in the MongoDB Security Checklist.

  WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.

  We suggest setting it to 'never'

  WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.

  We suggest setting it to 'never'

Transparent Huge Pages (THP) is a Linux memory management setting that can adversely affect database workflows. For more information see: Disable Transparent Huge Pages in the MongoDB manual.


proposed bug: compiz delay in changing window focus

That bug is already created at

https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/674138

including a rather exhaustive discussion.


I am able to get data from serial port now , its just I added user to root group also and it started working.Thanks...


You need to add the directory where you've installed ffmpeg to your $PATH, the list of directories where executables can be found. The simplest way is to add this line to your ~/.profile:

export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/ffmpeg

Note that you need to add the directory containing the ffmpeg executable and not the executable itself. Then, log out and log back in again (or just run . ~/.profile) and you should be able to execute it from anywhere.


Broken BIOS, refreshing SATA drives list after hot plug

If I understand correctly, you don't want to preserve any data on any of your disks. If so, the easiest solution is to use Windows to delete all of the partitions on all of the disks. The computer will then be unable to boot from any of those disks and should boot to your USB Ubuntu installation medium.

Also, there's a good chance that the firmware isn't really defective, but has damaged NVRAM entries. If so, then booting into it (via a boot-time keystroke or by typing systemctl reboot --firmware-setup in Ubuntu -- but the latter doesn't always work) and picking an option to reset all settings to their default may fix the problem. You should do this before installing Ubuntu, since this action often removes all the existing NVRAM boot entries. (That's the point, really; if entries are corrupted, removing them will fix the problem.)

For further background reading, I recommend:

Adam Williamson's blog entry on how EFI works -- This page describes the theory behind EFI-mode booting.
My page on installing Linux on EFI systems -- This page is a more practical introduction to EFI-mode booting than Adam Williamson's blog.
My page on the CSM -- This page covers the CSM, including when it's useful and when it's not.
The Ubuntu community wiki entry on UEFI -- This page is a bit disjointed, but is the most Ubuntu-specific introduction to EFI and its issues.


Press F6 and then esc for command line boot options.

link:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootOptions#Changing_the_CD_Boot_Option_Configuration_Line


Replacing 11.10 gnome power manager with 11.04 or XFCE power manager

Which are the options that you need?
There are things configurable but not shown in the configuration dialog, for example to remove the automatic dimming of monitor's backlight you can write in the terminal:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power idle-dim-battery false

To see all the configuration keys avalable use:

gsettings list-keys org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power


How can you read that messages that are shown during boot before X starts?

The output at boot is logged in:

/var/log/kern.log


The RX550 is on the gpu blacklist, see https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Chromium#Force_GPU_acceleration

I have the same issue since 17.10 with the RX550. It's a mess.


Ubuntu 20.04 not booting. How to recover it?

You can try booting an earlier version of the kernel. Try the following:
Start the computer and on the Grub menu select Advanced options > Select an earlier kernel version.
Also, you could try to update your MSI BIOS.


Hibernating Win7 - startup starts Xubuntu with error

That is normal behavior. The filesystem driver used to mount NTFS partitions in Ubuntu is 'ntfs-3g' which always expects the NTFS filesystem(s) to be in clean state. Whenever you hibernate Windows 7, by design, Windows always marks all the NTFS partition(s) as dirty. So, next time you boot Ubuntu with Windows 7 in hibernated state, it finds these NTFS partition(s) in dirty state and will complain. It is highly recommended NOT to do an fsck repairs on hibernated NTFS partition(s) in Ubuntu. You can not and should not use an NTFS partition in Linux which was hibernated or even not shutting down the Windows properly will lead to fsck complaints. Always shut down Windows properly before you are going to use the NTFS partition(s) in Ubuntu.


Is Banshee (or other mono applications in Ubuntu) threatened by the recent changes in novell?

The core mono team lost their jobs at Novell / Attachmate. However Miguel de Icaza (founder of gnome and the mono project) has taken most of the original team into a mono based startup called Xamarin

They are committed to contributing to and developing the core opensource mono, this commitment was made in Miguels de Icaza's blog.

Since the takeover happened mono 2.10 made it into ubuntu 11.10.


I'll give you few steps to install Ubuntu

Configure your BIOS to boot on CD
Boot on CD
Follow the instructions, but be careful with partionning, especially if you want to keep your Windows configuration : defrag first your Windows partition and then cut your partition with partition manage, then click on dualboot.
If you don't want to keep your Windows, simply click on erase Windows


Can't change open-files-limit for mysql on Ubuntu 14.04

Unfortunately, there is no straight answer here. The stuff in /etc/security/limits.conf is read only by PAM stuff, during login, not during boot.

So, if you want mysqld to have it's ulimits altered you'll have to twiddle with the init script.


I installed Netbeans 7.2 on a clean new installation of Ubuntu 12.04 and found, that it was not available in the dash at all. But it should have created a link on the desktop. Try that one and lock it to the launcher if its running.

If that does not help you should try to start it from a terminal and find out, if the startup has any problems or errors in the output there:

~/netbeans-7.2/bin/netbeans

If you chose to install it into another folder you need to change the path according to your installation path.


My WiFi adapter is not working at all, how to troubleshoot?

This answer covers completely non-functional wireless LAN only. It is not about stability/performance issues, or half-working cases. However, some steps may be helpful in case you're running into them and looking for other options.

Preparation

In this answer I'm assuming you're familiar with at least the following tasks: running commands in a terminal and installing regular Ubuntu software packages. If you're not familiar with these basic steps, start reading this and this.

Get the machine connected to the internet. This makes performing the the steps a lot easier and to use the clipboard for the actions.

If another network card is working, this should be easy. If your only card is failing at this point, find alternatives to this and be creative, e.g. using an USB wired network adapter or an alternative working WiFi adapter borrowed from a friend or neighbour.
Make sure you have installed the following packages: lshw, rfkill.
Update your system. By installing all latest (regular) system updates, bug fixes already released by developers after the release should be on your PC by doing so. Don't forget to reboot your system afterwards. See also How do I update Ubuntu?

After applying all updates, reboot. It may already work in this stage. If not, just continue.

Is it really a driver issue?

First of all, one should determine whether the card isn't recognized and/or if it's a radio kill switch preventing it from working. Follow all steps below, as your problem may be two- or three-fold:

Run sudo lshw -C network in a terminal.

You might need to install lshw first.

In case multiple devices are listed, locate the device concerned.
In case it's listed as *-network UNCLAIMED, you should follow the steps in Installing (newer) drivers.
In case it's listed as *-network (without 'Unclaimed'), the output below about the driver could be relevant in further steps, e.g. configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi
In case your device isn't listed at all, try the additional steps in Identifying the exact hardware.

Run rfkill list in a terminal. This lists the state of radio killswitches. Sample output:

1: phy0: Wireless LAN
        Soft blocked: no
        Hard blocked: no

In case you see yes on Hard blocked: refer to your notebook manual for a hardware switch for Wireless LAN.
In case you see yes on Soft blocked: hotkeys on your notebook may help activating it, as well as hitting "Enable Wireless" in the Network Manager applet. If that fails to remove the soft block, run sudo rfkill unblock all.
In case you don't see any kill switches listed: this might not apply for your device. Usually only mobile PCs are equipped with killswitches.

Only for USB devices: exclude USB-level issues.

Preferably, try one directly attached to your mainbord, avoiding hubs or your computer case's connectors.
Try using another type of USB port (e.g. USB2.0 instead of USB3.0 port).
Go to Identifying the exact hardware and see if you can see some error messages when you plug in your device.
Try another cable (if any) you've verified is working.

Installing (newer) drivers

These are some obvious, sane and harmless steps to take, avoiding the ones listed in Things to avoid if possible.

Try to see if Ubuntu suggests to install additional drivers. Refer to How do I install additional drivers? for more information on how to do do this.
Install additional firmware as this may be required for your hardware.

Make sure you have enabled multiverse as posted in How do I enable the "multiverse" repository?
Install both linux-firmware and linux-firmware-nonfree packages, e.g. sudo apt-get install linux-firmware linux-firmware-nonfree and reboot.

Try backported kernel modules (drivers) from the compat-wireless package. Ubuntu provides packages of compat-wireless of more recent Linux kernel releases for the kernel with the stable distribution (available since 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot).

Find the latest ones available by searching with your favourite package management tool. At the time of writing, this was linux-backports-modules-cw-3.6-quantal-generic for Quantal. In the near future, a 3.7 package may be out.
Install it, e.g. sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-cw-3.6-quantal-generic for Quantal, or sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-cw-3.6-precise-generic for Precise. Then reboot.

In case you're running an LTS release (e.g. Precise or Lucid), backported kernels of all next releases are provided as a package. At the time of writing Quantal is the latest release after Precise and the package is linux-image-generic-lts-quantal and boot into your new kernel.
From here on, you should consider trying out a more recent release of Ubuntu to see if it has gained support for your hardware, just by booting from a Live CD/USB. Also consider trying the latest Beta/RC of Ubuntu+1. If it does work, the easiest approach is to simply wait for the new release.
Some hardware is just utterly broken on default installs, usually because the vendor isn't releasing (all) source code or does not allow redistribution of all required modules via Ubuntu. See the Hardware requiring special care section at the bottom to see if your device (chipset) is listed.
Try the latest stable Linux kernel. This is a less harmless approach and may break other stuff. This should not be necessary as the more recent wireless drivers are provided by the compat-wireless package in the earlier option. However, it may just a bit newer and therefore include a bugfix helping you out.

Go to the kernel.ubuntu.com downloads section and identify the latest stable release (e.g. v3.7.1-raring at the time of writing).
Download all the .deb files for your architecture (e.g. amd64 or i386), plus the ones with all in the name.
Install them all at once by issuing e.g.:

cd Downloads
sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.7.1-030701-generic_3.7.1-12345678_amd64.deb linux-image... # include all

and finally, reboot into your new kernel.
if the new kernel doesn't work for you or introduces other issues, boot your system using the older kernel (e.g. hold Shift during the early boot stage to select it in the Grub menu) and then remove the packages using your package management e.g. sudo apt-get remove linux-\*3.7.1\*.

Identifying the exact hardware

The product you have was probably sold using a retail name completely irrelevant to you issue. Most vendors just use chipsets from manufacturers like Broadcom, Atheros, Ralink or Intel while the product itself may not carry this name. One example of this: a ThinkPad 11a/b/g/n Wireless LAN Mini Express Adapter may in fact just be a Atheros AR5418. The Thinkpad rebrand does usually not affect the hardware support in Linux, but the used chipset does. Therefore, it's of great importance to identify the chipset.

PCI and integrated devices (e.g. mobile PCs):

lspci -nn | grep -i network

USB devices:

lsusb

In case you have trouble identifying it from this list:

Unplug the device.
Open a terminal and run sudo tail -n 0 -f /var/log/syslog
Re-plug the device in and give the kernel/device a few seconds to initialize.
Stop the command by pressing Ctrl+C. The output should help identifying it from the list.
Check for output mentioning unable to enumerate USB device. If such output is present, your device is already failing on communication on USB-level. You're hitting a hardware issue probably: check for broken cables/connectors, power issues, broken hubs, other broken hardware. Don't bother dealing with drivers at this point - fix USB communication first.

In case your hardware isn't listed, this may be unrelated to your adapter, but a general PCI/USB bus error. This is considered outside the scope of a WiFi issue. Note that some notebooks have integrated WiFi adapters connected to an internal USB port, so it may be listed as USB in such a case.

Example output:

$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. ...
                            ^^^^-- product ID
                       ^^^^------- vendor ID

$ lspci -nn | grep -i network
04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation [...] [8086:4238] (rev 3e)
                                                vendor ID --^^^^
                                               product ID -------^^^^

Tips in using Google

Use the numeric product/vendor IDs as identified by the commands issued.
Use linux as a keyword with it, rather than Ubuntu.
Try using the device's chipset name as listed in the output in the steps of Identifying the exact hardware. Examples: AR9285, BCM4311, Intel+6300.
Avoid using keywords unrelated to hardware support. E.g. your desktop environment is unrelated, so use Ubuntu instead of Lubuntu.
Try to be sensitive for 'general' information about your device, rather than focusing on specific solutions, e.g. "Firmware is needed for this device", or reports of users that it worked out-of-the-box in a previous release.

I had no luck with all options. What should I provide in a new question?

Before posting a new question, search this site using keywords from Identifying the exact hardware.

All relevant (unexpected or errors) output from the options in this answer.
Relevant output of the steps done in the Identifying the exact hardware section.
The kernel you're running and the versions you've tried. Use the uname -r command to identify your kernel version.
Other Ubuntu versions you've tried.

Things to avoid if possible

Compiling from source (e.g. running make, sudo make install).

This may overwrite system files and confuse your package management. Installing this way may work, but can break anytime later if the package management updates overwrite the files again.
It may lead to unexpected errors which may be hard to solve for a novice user.
It's hard to undo all the changes done by sudo make install in case you want to revert your actions.

Ndiswrapper approaches.

This 'wrapper' around Windows drivers should be tried as a last resort only, as it's very inefficient to emulate a Windows environment on Linux for hardware drivers.
Stability and performance are usually reported as low.

Hardware requiring special care

Broadcom BCM43xx devices. Please refer to this answer for a nice tutorial on getting these devices to work.


How do I use and configure Terminal Colours?

Terminal colors (and other commands) are controlled by configurations in your ~/.bashrc file.  If you do a little googling for .bashrc configurations you can find some excellent custom configurations that you can use.  The one I use is a combination of several different ones I found on the net as well as some custom changes I made to it.  Here's a screenshot of it (in cygwin, since I'm currently at work).

And here's the contents of my ~/.bashrc file.  If you look under aliases, the alias for ls appends the color flags to the command automatically, so if you just want colors for ls, then that's the line to use.

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Source global definitions (if any)
#-------------------------------------------------------------

if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc   # --> Read /etc/bashrc, if present.
fi

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Some settings
#-------------------------------------------------------------

ulimit -S -c 0          # Don't want any coredumps.
set -o notify
set -o noclobber
set -o ignoreeof
set -o nounset
#set -o xtrace          # Useful for debuging.

# Enable options:
shopt -s cdspell
shopt -s cdable_vars
shopt -s checkhash
shopt -s checkwinsize
shopt -s sourcepath
shopt -s no_empty_cmd_completion
shopt -s cmdhist
shopt -s histappend histreedit histverify
shopt -s extglob        # Necessary for programmable completion.

export TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal %3R\tuser %3U\tsys %3S\tpcpu %P\n'
export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%H:%M > "
export HISTIGNORE="&:bg:fg:ll:h"
export HOSTFILE=$HOME/.hosts    # Put list of remote hosts in ~/.hosts ...

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Greeting, motd etc...
#-------------------------------------------------------------

# Define some colors first:
red='\e[0;31m'
RED='\e[1;31m'
blue='\e[0;34m'
BLUE='\e[1;34m'
cyan='\e[0;36m'
CYAN='\e[1;36m'
NC='\e[0m'              # No Color
# --> Nice. Has the same effect as using "ansi.sys" in DOS.

# Looks best on a terminal with black background.....
date

function _exit()        # Function to run upon exit of shell.
{
    echo -e "${RED}Hasta la vista, baby${NC}"
}
trap _exit EXIT

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Shell Prompt
#-------------------------------------------------------------

if [[ "${DISPLAY%%:0*}" != "" ]]; then
    HILIT=${red}   # remote machine: prompt will be partly red
else
    HILIT=${cyan}  # local machine: prompt will be partly cyan
fi

export PS1='\n\[\033[0;31m\]\u\[\033[0;37m\]@\[\033[0;32m\]\h\[\033[0;37m\]:\[\033[0;36m\]\W\[\033[0;32m\]\$ \[\033[0;37m\]'

#===============================================================
#
# ALIASES AND FUNCTIONS
#
# Arguably, some functions defined here are quite big.
# If you want to make this file smaller, these functions can
# be converted into scripts and removed from here.
#
# Many functions were taken (almost) straight from the bash-2.04
# examples.
#
#===============================================================

#-------------------
# Personnal Aliases
#-------------------

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
# -> Prevents accidentally clobbering files.
alias mkdir='mkdir -p'

alias h='history'
alias j='jobs -l'
alias which='type -a'
alias ..='cd ..'
alias path='echo -e ${PATH//:/\\n}'
alias libpath='echo -e ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH//:/\\n}'
alias print='/usr/bin/lp -o nobanner -d $LPDEST'
            # Assumes LPDEST is defined (default printer)
alias pjet='enscript -h -G -fCourier9 -d $LPDEST'
            # Pretty-print using enscript

alias du='du -kh'       # Makes a more readable output.
alias df='df -kTh'

alias vi='vim' #who wants to use vi over vim?

alias tarball='tar czvf'    #I can never remember the arguments
alias untarball='tar xzvf'

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# The 'ls' family (this assumes you use a recent GNU ls)
#-------------------------------------------------------------
alias ll="ls -l --group-directories-first"
alias ls='ls -hF --color'  # add colors for filetype recognition
alias la='ls -Al'          # show hidden files
alias lx='ls -lXB'         # sort by extension
alias lk='ls -lSr'         # sort by size, biggest last
alias lc='ls -ltcr'        # sort by and show change time, most recent last
alias lu='ls -ltur'        # sort by and show access time, most recent last
alias lt='ls -ltr'         # sort by date, most recent last
alias lm='ls -al |more'    # pipe through 'more'
alias lr='ls -lR'          # recursive ls
alias tree='tree -Csu'     # nice alternative to 'recursive ls'

# If your version of 'ls' doesn't support --group-directories-first try this:
# function ll(){ ls -l "$@"| egrep "^d" ; ls -lXB "$@" 2>&-| \
#                egrep -v "^d|total "; }

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# tailoring 'less'
#-------------------------------------------------------------

alias more='less'
export PAGER=less
export LESSCHARSET='latin1'
export LESSOPEN='|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s 2>&-'
   # Use this if lesspipe.sh exists
export LESS='-i -N -w  -z-4 -g -e -M -X -F -R -P%t?f%f \
:stdin .?pb%pb\%:?lbLine %lb:?bbByte %bb:-...'

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# spelling typos - highly personnal and keyboard-dependent :-)
#-------------------------------------------------------------

alias xs='cd'
alias vf='cd'
alias moer='more'
alias moew='more'
alias kk='ll'

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# A few fun ones
#-------------------------------------------------------------

function xtitle()      # Adds some text in the terminal frame.
{
    case "$TERM" in
        *term | rxvt)
            echo -n -e "\033]0;$*\007" ;;
        *)
            ;;
    esac
}

# aliases that use xtitle
alias top='xtitle Processes on $HOST && top'
alias make='xtitle Making $(basename $PWD) ; make'
alias ncftp="xtitle ncFTP ; ncftp"

# .. and functions
function man()
{
    for i ; do
        xtitle The $(basename $1|tr -d .[:digit:]) manual
        command man -F -a "$i"
    done
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Make the following commands run in background automatically:
#-------------------------------------------------------------

function te()  # Wrapper around xemacs/gnuserv ...
{
    if [ "$(gnuclient -batch -eval t 2>&-)" == "t" ]; then
        gnuclient -q "$@";
    else
        ( xemacs "$@" &);
    fi
}

function soffice() { command soffice "$@" & }
function firefox() { command firefox "$@" & }
function xpdf() { command xpdf "$@" & }

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# File & string-related functions:
#-------------------------------------------------------------

# Find a file with a pattern in name:
function ff() { find . -type f -iname '*'$*'*' -ls ; }

# Find a file with pattern $1 in name and Execute $2 on it:
function fe()
{ find . -type f -iname '*'${1:-}'*' -exec ${2:-file} {} \;  ; }

# Find a pattern in a set of files and highlight them:
# (needs a recent version of egrep)
function fstr()
{
    OPTIND=1
    local case=""
    local usage="fstr: find string in files.
Usage: fstr [-i] \"pattern\" [\"filename pattern\"] "
    while getopts :it opt
    do
        case "$opt" in
        i) case="-i " ;;
        *) echo "$usage"; return;;
        esac
    done
    shift $(( $OPTIND - 1 ))
    if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
        echo "$usage"
        return;
    fi
    find . -type f -name "${2:-*}" -print0 | \
    xargs -0 egrep --color=always -sn ${case} "$1" 2>&- | more

}

function cuttail() # cut last n lines in file, 10 by default
{
    nlines=${2:-10}
    sed -n -e :a -e "1,${nlines}!{P;N;D;};N;ba" $1
}

function lowercase()  # move filenames to lowercase
{
    for file ; do
        filename=${file##*/}
        case "$filename" in
        */*) dirname==${file%/*} ;;
        *) dirname=.;;
        esac
        nf=$(echo $filename | tr A-Z a-z)
        newname="${dirname}/${nf}"
        if [ "$nf" != "$filename" ]; then
            mv "$file" "$newname"
            echo "lowercase: $file --> $newname"
        else
            echo "lowercase: $file not changed."
        fi
    done
}

function swap()  # Swap 2 filenames around, if they exist
{                #(from Uzi's bashrc).
    local TMPFILE=tmp.$$

    [ $# -ne 2 ] && echo "swap: 2 arguments needed" && return 1
    [ ! -e $1 ] && echo "swap: $1 does not exist" && return 1
    [ ! -e $2 ] && echo "swap: $2 does not exist" && return 1

    mv "$1" $TMPFILE
    mv "$2" "$1"
    mv $TMPFILE "$2"
}

function extract()      # Handy Extract Program.
{
     if [ -f $1 ] ; then
         case $1 in
             *.tar.bz2)   tar xvjf $1     ;;
             *.tar.gz)    tar xvzf $1     ;;
             *.bz2)       bunzip2 $1      ;;
             *.rar)       unrar x $1      ;;
             *.gz)        gunzip $1       ;;
             *.tar)       tar xvf $1      ;;
             *.tbz2)      tar xvjf $1     ;;
             *.tgz)       tar xvzf $1     ;;
             *.zip)       unzip $1        ;;
             *.Z)         uncompress $1   ;;
             *.7z)        7z x $1         ;;
             *)           echo "'$1' cannot be extracted via >extract<" ;;
         esac
     else
         echo "'$1' is not a valid file"
     fi
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Process/system related functions:
#-------------------------------------------------------------

function my_ps() { ps $@ -u $USER -o pid,%cpu,%mem,bsdtime,command ; }
function pp() { my_ps f | awk '!/awk/ && $0~var' var=${1:-".*"} ; }

function killps()                 # Kill by process name.
{
    local pid pname sig="-TERM"   # Default signal.
    if [ "$#" -lt 1 ] || [ "$#" -gt 2 ]; then
        echo "Usage: killps [-SIGNAL] pattern"
        return;
    fi
    if [ $# = 2 ]; then sig=$1 ; fi
    for pid in $(my_ps| awk '!/awk/ && $0~pat { print $1 }' pat=${!#} ) ; do
        pname=$(my_ps | awk '$1~var { print $5 }' var=$pid )
        if ask "Kill process $pid <$pname> with signal $sig?"
            then kill $sig $pid
        fi
    done
}

function my_ip() # Get IP adresses.
{
    MY_IP=$(/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 | awk '/inet/ { print $2 } ' | \
sed -e s/addr://)
    MY_ISP=$(/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 | awk '/P-t-P/ { print $3 } ' | \
sed -e s/P-t-P://)
}

function ii()   # Get current host related info.
{
    echo -e "\nYou are logged on ${RED}$HOST"
    echo -e "\nAdditionnal information:$NC " ; uname -a
    echo -e "\n${RED}Users logged on:$NC " ; w -h
    echo -e "\n${RED}Current date :$NC " ; date
    echo -e "\n${RED}Machine stats :$NC " ; uptime
    echo -e "\n${RED}Memory stats :$NC " ; free
    my_ip 2>&- ;
    echo -e "\n${RED}Local IP Address :$NC" ; echo ${MY_IP:-"Not connected"}
    echo -e "\n${RED}ISP Address :$NC" ; echo ${MY_ISP:-"Not connected"}
    echo -e "\n${RED}Open connections :$NC "; netstat -pan --inet;
    echo
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------
# Misc utilities:
#-------------------------------------------------------------

function repeat()       # Repeat n times command.
{
    local i max
    max=$1; shift;
    for ((i=1; i <= max ; i++)); do  # --> C-like syntax
        eval "$@";
    done
}

function ask()          # See 'killps' for example of use.
{
    echo -n "$@" '[y/n] ' ; read ans
    case "$ans" in
        y*|Y*) return 0 ;;
        *) return 1 ;;
    esac
}

function corename()   # Get name of app that created a corefile.
{
    for file ; do
        echo -n $file : ; gdb --core=$file --batch | head -1
    done
}

#=========================================================================
# PROGRAMMABLE COMPLETION - ONLY SINCE BASH-2.04
# Most are taken from the bash 2.05 documentation and from Ian McDonald's
# 'Bash completion' package (http://www.caliban.org/bash/#completion).
# You will in fact need bash more recent than 3.0 for some features.
#=========================================================================

if [ "${BASH_VERSION%.*}" \< "3.0" ]; then
    echo "You will need to upgrade to version 3.0 \
for full programmable completion features."
    return
fi

shopt -s extglob         # Necessary,
#set +o nounset          # otherwise some completions will fail.

complete -A hostname   rsh rcp telnet rlogin r ftp ping disk
complete -A export     printenv
complete -A variable   export local readonly unset
complete -A enabled    builtin
complete -A alias      alias unalias
complete -A function   function
complete -A user       su mail finger

complete -A helptopic  help     # Currently, same as builtins.
complete -A shopt      shopt
complete -A stopped -P '%' bg
complete -A job -P '%'     fg jobs disown

complete -A directory  mkdir rmdir
complete -A directory   -o default cd

# Compression
complete -f -o default -X '*.+(zip|ZIP)'  zip
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(zip|ZIP)' unzip
complete -f -o default -X '*.+(z|Z)'      compress
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(z|Z)'     uncompress
complete -f -o default -X '*.+(gz|GZ)'    gzip
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(gz|GZ)'   gunzip
complete -f -o default -X '*.+(bz2|BZ2)'  bzip2
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(bz2|BZ2)' bunzip2
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(zip|ZIP|z|Z|gz|GZ|bz2|BZ2)' extract

# Documents - Postscript,pdf,dvi.....
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(ps|PS)'  gs ghostview ps2pdf ps2ascii
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(dvi|DVI)' dvips dvipdf xdvi dviselect dvitype
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(pdf|PDF)' acroread pdf2ps
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.@(@(?(e)ps|?(E)PS|pdf|PDF)?(.gz|.GZ|.bz2|.BZ2|.Z))' gv ggv
complete -f -o default -X '!*.texi*' makeinfo texi2dvi texi2html texi2pdf
complete -f -o default -X '!*.tex' tex latex slitex
complete -f -o default -X '!*.lyx' lyx
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(htm*|HTM*)' lynx html2ps
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.+(doc|DOC|xls|XLS|ppt|PPT|sx?|SX?|csv|CSV|od?|OD?|ott|OTT)' soffice

# Multimedia
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.+(gif|GIF|jp*g|JP*G|bmp|BMP|xpm|XPM|png|PNG)' xv gimp ee gqview
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(mp3|MP3)' mpg123 mpg321
complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(ogg|OGG)' ogg123
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.@(mp[23]|MP[23]|ogg|OGG|wav|WAV|pls|m3u|xm|mod|s[3t]m|it|mtm|ult|flac)' xmms
complete -f -o default -X \
'!*.@(mp?(e)g|MP?(E)G|wma|avi|AVI|asf|vob|VOB|bin|dat|vcd|\
ps|pes|fli|viv|rm|ram|yuv|mov|MOV|qt|QT|wmv|mp3|MP3|ogg|OGG|\
ogm|OGM|mp4|MP4|wav|WAV|asx|ASX)' xine

complete -f -o default -X '!*.pl'  perl perl5

# This is a 'universal' completion function - it works when commands have
# a so-called 'long options' mode , ie: 'ls --all' instead of 'ls -a'
# Needs the '-o' option of grep
#  (try the commented-out version if not available).

# First, remove '=' from completion word separators
# (this will allow completions like 'ls --color=auto' to work correctly).

COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS/=/}

_get_longopts()
{
    #$1 --help | sed  -e '/--/!d' -e 's/.*--\([^[:space:].,]*\).*/--\1/'| \
#grep ^"$2" |sort -u ;
    $1 --help | grep -o -e "--[^[:space:].,]*" | grep -e "$2" |sort -u
}

_longopts()
{
    local cur
    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}

    case "${cur:-*}" in
       -*)      ;;
        *)      return ;;
    esac

    case "$1" in
      \~*)      eval cmd="$1" ;;
        *)      cmd="$1" ;;
    esac
    COMPREPLY=( $(_get_longopts ${1} ${cur} ) )
}
complete  -o default -F _longopts configure bash
complete  -o default -F _longopts wget id info a2ps ls recode

_tar()
{
    local cur ext regex tar untar

    COMPREPLY=()
    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}

    # If we want an option, return the possible long options.
    case "$cur" in
        -*)     COMPREPLY=( $(_get_longopts $1 $cur ) ); return 0;;
    esac

    if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 1 ]; then
        COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'c t x u r d A' -- $cur ) )
        return 0
    fi

    case "${COMP_WORDS[1]}" in
        ?(-)c*f)
            COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ) )
            return 0
            ;;
            +([^Izjy])f)
            ext='tar'
            regex=$ext
            ;;
        *z*f)
            ext='tar.gz'
            regex='t\(ar\.\)\(gz\|Z\)'
            ;;
        *[Ijy]*f)
            ext='t?(ar.)bz?(2)'
            regex='t\(ar\.\)bz2\?'
            ;;
        *)
            COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ) )
            return 0
            ;;

    esac

    if [[ "$COMP_LINE" == tar*.$ext' '* ]]; then
        # Complete on files in tar file.
        #
        # Get name of tar file from command line.
        tar=$( echo "$COMP_LINE" | \
               sed -e 's|^.* \([^ ]*'$regex'\) .*$|\1|' )
        # Devise how to untar and list it.
        untar=t${COMP_WORDS[1]//[^Izjyf]/}

        COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$( echo $( tar $untar $tar \
                    2>/dev/null ) )" -- "$cur" ) )
        return 0

    else
        # File completion on relevant files.
        COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -G $cur\*.$ext ) )

    fi

    return 0

}

complete -F _tar -o default tar

_make()
{
    local mdef makef makef_dir="." makef_inc gcmd cur prev i;
    COMPREPLY=();
    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]};
    prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]};
    case "$prev" in
        -*f)
            COMPREPLY=($(compgen -f $cur ));
            return 0
        ;;
    esac;
    case "$cur" in
        -*)
            COMPREPLY=($(_get_longopts $1 $cur ));
            return 0
        ;;
    esac;

    # make reads `GNUmakefile', then `makefile', then `Makefile'
    if [ -f ${makef_dir}/GNUmakefile ]; then
        makef=${makef_dir}/GNUmakefile
    elif [ -f ${makef_dir}/makefile ]; then
        makef=${makef_dir}/makefile
    elif [ -f ${makef_dir}/Makefile ]; then
        makef=${makef_dir}/Makefile
    else
        makef=${makef_dir}/*.mk        # Local convention.
    fi

    # Before we scan for targets, see if a Makefile name was
    # specified with -f ...
    for (( i=0; i < ${#COMP_WORDS[@]}; i++ )); do
        if [[ ${COMP_WORDS[i]} == -f ]]; then
           # eval for tilde expansion
           eval makef=${COMP_WORDS[i+1]}
           break
        fi
    done
    [ ! -f $makef ] && return 0

    # deal with included Makefiles
    makef_inc=$( grep -E '^-?include' $makef | \
    sed -e "s,^.* ,"$makef_dir"/," )
    for file in $makef_inc; do
        [ -f $file ] && makef="$makef $file"
    done

    # If we have a partial word to complete, restrict completions to
    # matches of that word.
    if [ -n "$cur" ]; then gcmd='grep "^$cur"' ; else gcmd=cat ; fi

    COMPREPLY=( $( awk -F':' '/^[a-zA-Z0-9][^$#\/\t=]*:([^=]|$)/ \
                                {split($1,A,/ /);for(i in A)print A[i]}' \
                                $makef 2>/dev/null | eval $gcmd  ))

}

complete -F _make -X '+($*|*.[cho])' make gmake pmake

_killall()
{
    local cur prev
    COMPREPLY=()
    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}

    # get a list of processes (the first sed evaluation
    # takes care of swapped out processes, the second
    # takes care of getting the basename of the process)
    COMPREPLY=( $( /usr/bin/ps -u $USER -o comm  | \
        sed -e '1,1d' -e 's#[]\[]##g' -e 's#^.*/##'| \
        awk '{if ($0 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $0}' ))

    return 0
}

complete -F _killall killall killps

# A meta-command completion function for commands like sudo(8), which need to
# first complete on a command, then complete according to that command's own
# completion definition - currently not quite foolproof,
# but still quite useful (By Ian McDonald, modified by me).

_meta_comp()
{
    local cur func cline cspec

    COMPREPLY=()
    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
    cmdline=${COMP_WORDS[@]}
    if [ $COMP_CWORD = 1 ]; then
         COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -c $cur ) )
    else
        cmd=${COMP_WORDS[1]}            # Find command.
        cspec=$( complete -p ${cmd} )   # Find spec of that command.

        # COMP_CWORD and COMP_WORDS() are not read-only,
        # so we can set them before handing off to regular
        # completion routine:
        # Get current command line minus initial command,
        cline="${COMP_LINE#$1 }"
        # split current command line tokens into array,
        COMP_WORDS=( $cline )
        # set current token number to 1 less than now.
        COMP_CWORD=$(( $COMP_CWORD - 1 ))
        # If current arg is empty, add it to COMP_WORDS array
        # (otherwise that information will be lost).
        if [ -z $cur ]; then COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]=""  ; fi

        if [ "${cspec%%-F *}" != "${cspec}" ]; then
      # if -F then get function:
            func=${cspec#*-F }
            func=${func%% *}
            eval $func $cline   # Evaluate it.
        else
            func=$( echo $cspec | sed -e 's/^complete//' -e 's/[^ ]*$//' )
            COMPREPLY=( $( eval compgen $func $cur ) )
        fi

    fi

}

complete -o default -F _meta_comp nohup \
eval exec trace truss strace sotruss gdb
complete -o default -F _meta_comp command type which man nice time

# Local Variables:
# mode:shell-script
# sh-shell:bash
# End:


Updated to Eoan today, stuck with weird dead keys

In "Settings", go to the "Region & Language" tab. Click the line marked with "+" under "Language Sources" to add another input source. Look for "Dutch (Belgium)" or "French (Belgium)" depending. Clicking on your entry reveals variations of the layout. For "Dutch  (Belgium)", for example, this includes a layout "Belgian (no dead keys)". You can switch between installed layouts using an icon that appeared in the top bar or with a hotkey (by default Super+Space). Alternatively, you can revert to a single layout by deleting the layout you do not use (click the Trash symbol next to the Input Source in the "Region & Language" diolog.)

If you do not see a layout you are looking for, it may help to issue the command

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources show-all-sources true

and restarting Gnome Shell.


I was having the same problem, I tried to get joomla running by installing the basic LAMP packages just after my upgrade to 16.04 when this started happening.
Could not install any packages and could not remove libapache2-mod-php5

  Removing libapache2-mod-php5
  ERROR: Module php5 does not exist!

After some googleing and head scratching I guessed that the fact that Apache was still using php5 was part of my problem.

I am not sure if this was the correct way to fix the problem but I managed to fix this by doing the following:

cd /etc/apache2/mods-enabled
sudo mv php5.conf php5.conf.old
sudo mv php5.load php5.load.old
sudo apt-get purge libapache2-mod-php5
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

This solved it and I can happily install and remove software again.

Maybe someone smarter than me can explain why this worked or present a more elegant/ appropriate solution.

Anyway, I hope this helps.


What folder are updates kept in so I can sync them?

See previous question on this topic How Can I Install Software Offline

Specifically the reference to the Keryx Project


Active Directory authentication with winbind on ubuntu 14.04 LTS not working

The problem is with the date in your Linux system, try sync the time with the domain controller.

ntpdate dc.mydomain.local


Install netbeans from a local computer to a remote workstation

The .sh file is not a program, but a shell script.

Could you explain why don't you want to copy the installation script on the remote workstations?


You can try this command:
ls /sys/class/backlight/

Then, you need to edit the value of some of this. REMEMBER that 0 is for no brigthness, so the range could be 50 to 100.
/sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness
/sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/max_brightness
/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/max_brightness
/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness


Bit confused by your command. If you just want to divide and grep that output,

| awk '{ print $1 / 33.7 }' | grep ...

Will work.

If you're trying to do something else (like only output parts of rows based on this calculation, you'd be better off doing the whole thing inside awk:

| awk '($1 / 33.7 > 2) { print $4 }'


Other than just creating shortcut in launcher you won't get any feature that you would not get in regular browser.

I did once, the native browser does not give you many features like bookmark, add-ons etc. It will just create a shortcut in dash that you can search and just launch without typing URL


Open the port in the firewall (if you haven't done so already). There is a firewall GUI that you can use to make the necessary changes.


It looks like you don't have 3d capabilities, so you must choose a different desktop environment.

First,

to install a different desktop, execute the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tasksel
sudo tasksel

Next,

navigate up and down the list using the arrow keys. Select or un-select a desktop using the space bar. Do not select "live DVD", select a type of "desktop".

Select "Xubuntu desktop", "Lubuntu desktop", or both.

Do not select the "ubuntu desktop" and if it is selected, un-select it.

Finally,

press tab to navigate to "ok" and press enter.

Use the following command to return to the login screen:

sudo service lightdm restart

or, use this command to reboot:

sudo reboot

Alternatively,

you can start over and reinstall ubuntu with an alternative desktop using any one of these official images.

Download Lubuntu (designed to run on older computers with little ram / iso will fit on a cd).

Download Xubuntu (designed to use minimal resources).


How do I login to a deployed Virtual Machine in Azure?

In your terminal run:

juju status

Locate the machine name and then ssh into it using:

juju ssh <serviceName>/<machineNumber>

ex:

juju ssh mongodb/0

You can get a list of all of the juju commands using:

juju help commands

To get help on a specific command run:

juju help <command>


How to install newest dovecot stable when ubuntu repository is old?

You question can be broken down into different questions:

Installing from the official repositories will provide me the latest version?

No, the version from stable repositories is commonly not the latest version, but a less recent version that has been tested for reliability, security and stability. If one wants the latest version of a package, usually you have to visit the project site or google for the official page and download and compile the source or, if available, the binaries.

If I install from source, will I get automatic updates?

No.

If I install the binaries, will I get automatic updates?

It depends. Usually binaries that you decompress and run (like .sh files) will not get updates from apt-get.

Occasionally, some .deb files might contain information for installing new repositories (dropbox acts this way), and in this case if you install their .deb files you will get automatic updates from ap-get and system updates.

How do I install manually a new repository?

The link you provided is not a link to the deb files themselves (they are located here), but to a dovecote repository. You can follow these instructions to add this repo to your repo list, and then use pining to install the latest version of dovecot.


Record all terminal interaction in a file (like a journal)

If your workstation runs Linux and you are using gnome-terminal or its brethren,

man script

If your terminal is PuTTY, then use the built-in logging functionality.

Cut and paste have always worked for me in similar situations, followed by judicious editing before showing the transcript.


Hi guys. I get error below whenever I'm typing 'make' command in order to install my project. your help much appreciated

make tries to run the command fig2dev but it's not available on your system.

Install the package transfig.


Is there a way to read OSX .numbers files?

Steps:

Log into icloud.com and click on "Numbers"
Upload the .Numbers file to your iCloud account. Some browsers support drag-and-drop
Download the file in .CSV or .XLSX format. Download options are available by alt-clicking the file you just uploaded
Open in LibreOffice


Is there a way to install 14.04 using the LiveUSB drivers?

As far as wireless card, you could use Ndiswrapper , which is basically a way to use windows driver for Ubuntu.  Refer for more info to this page:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/Driver/Ndiswrapper

As touchpad , I can suggest only a workaround: when I installed Ubuntu on Acer C720 chromebook it turned out that touch pad at the moment has no linux drivers at all, so I bought a wireless mouse - those suckers typically are plug and play - no need to install no driver, and it works all the same on Ubuntu,  Fedora,  and Mint that I have on my two laptops.  And windows too.

If your programming and script-fu is powerful enough you may write your own driver,  but really there should be something decent available in Linux world already.  Or maybe you could try looking for something close to your model and install a driver for that instead


It's in gsettings (& dconf-editor):

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons false


Unable to mount windows partition after resize

Resizing partitions and moving partitions pose similar risks. What's more, if you truly resized the partition to its minimum size (that is, so that you had 0 free space), you might have created complications, since there's little room for fixing problems on a 100% full partition.

That said, Linux has no good NTFS repair utilities. (The ntfsfix program just does a few very minimal things and then flags the filesystem for further checks and repair in Windows.) To fix an NTFS problem, you really must use Windows on it.