You don't need find, you can just use shell globbing, you would get the files sorted by natural numeric order:

for f in [0-9]*; do echo "$f"; ## Do stuffs; done

Example:

$ for f in [0-9]*; do echo "$f"; done
01
02
03_rev
04_N
154
155

Answer based on comment:

If you want to search for a file in these directories, recursively and then read the file if found, do:

Rather than looping over each directory separately, you should go to their parent directory and let find traverse on these directories only (use globbing), and search for the file:

find /parent/[0-9]* -type f -name 'file.txt'

To read the content of the file(s):

find /parent/[0-9]* -type f -name 'file.txt' -exec cat {} +

Assuming the parent directory of these directories is /parent, and the file you are searching for is file.txt.


System is unusable after upgrade to 20.10 - i915 GPU hang

UPDATE : Ubuntu 21.04 current ISO image was tested, it includes kernel 5.11.0-11 and the installation proceeded normally.
The 5.11 Ubuntu distribution kernels are causing the same instability problems with Gnome, KDE, XFCE (at least) like the home-compiled 5.11 kernels, if you are facing the same problems stay with kernels before 5.11 .
UPDATE 2 : Kernel was upgraded to 5.11.0-17, everything works fine.
TIP : You can download and test the 21.04 Development ISO by synchronizing with the following command.
zsync http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/hirsute-desktop-amd64.iso.zsync
The first time you run the command the ISO will be downloaded, any other time you run the same command in the ISO's directory the system will check whether there are any changes and it will update the ISO if necessary.

Recommended Solution : Install a kernel version that works, from your distribution's repository
Note : If you want to perform a fresh installation from an image that crashes the graphical installation environment due to this i915 problem, select (Safe Graphics) in the ISO's boot menu and after the installation perform the necessary steps.
For example a Focal Fossa user will download and install the following packages from
https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/kernel/

linux-image-(kernel_version)-generic
linux-modules-(kernel_version)-generic
linux-modules-extra-(kernel_version)-generic

Install with command,
sudo apt install <package>
Reboot.
The system will automatically boot with the new kernel if you haven't installed any newer kernel, in any other case select the kernel from the GRUB menu.

Advanced approach
The solution for kernels before 5.11 is here Red Hat Bugzilla – Bug 1843274
The GUI system can become usable if you boot with your old kernel 5.4.0 .
The terminal is still usable with 5.8.0 kernel, try CTRL+ALT+F3.
The solution is to patch the i915 module. Download the patch from here
To understand the patch have a look at Intel's Manual page 50, it has to do with the command MEDIA_VFE_STATE which has to be provided with the right number of threads according to the model of the GPU.
First method: Patch and recompile a new kernel
Quick guide

The basic dependencies to build the kernel are sudo apt install libncurses-dev flex bison openssl libssl-dev dkms libelf-dev libudev-dev libpci-dev libiberty-dev autoconf
Download the kernel source of your choice from www.kernel.org and extract it.
Go inside the kernel source directory.
Clean the kernel with sudo make mrproper in the kernel's directory.
Download the patch into the kernel's source code parent directory.
Apply the patch with patch -p1 < ../drm-i915-gt-Limit-VFE-threads-based-on-GT.patch
Configure the kernel or run sudo make localmodconfig to finish quickly, hold the Enter key until all the questions are answered
Compile the kernel with sudo make -j (# of CPU threads) bindeb-pkg
Install the linux-image and the linux-headers deb packages produced in the parent directory of the kernel source directory
Reboot and if necessary choose the new kernel from the GRUB menu

Optimize the above procedure according to your preferences, your hardware etc
Second method: Patch and recompile the module only
It is also possible to rebuild the patched module for an already installed kernel so as to be able to use the official distribution kernels or any other precompiled kernels.
The official i915 compilation guide from Intel is here, if you download it as a PDF go to page 41.
You can follow the steps exactly as they are presented but notice the following.

If you are going to recompile the module for another kernel version than the one you are running then you have to replace $(uname -r) with the version you are targeting, for example 5.8.0-29-generic .

If you use the /tmp/kernel directory as in the guide then this directory will be lost after a reboot.

After step 5 you have to patch the kernel with patch -p1 < ../drm-i915-gt-Limit-VFE-threads-based-on-GT.patch assuming the patch is located into the kernel's source code parent directory

Step 9 can be skipped.

After step 12 you may get an error concerning the cryptographic verification of the module, there is no problem, the module has been installed in /lib/modules/5.8.0-29-generic/extradrivers and the system knows that it is there and should be loaded through step 13.

Step 14 should be performed stating the target kernel version, for  5.8.0-29-generic alter the commands like this sudo depmod -v 5.8.0-29-generic and sudo update-initramfs -k 5.8.0-29-generic -u .

After a reboot your system will be usable again.
This procedure should be performed for any new kernel until the problem is solved by Ubuntu.


"aptitude update" as cronjob, customize the cron-mail-output

I could think of the following commands:

sudo aptitude update >/dev/null 2>update-errors
aptitude search ~U >upgradable-packages
aptitude search ~N >new-packages
sudo aptitude forget-new

then in the files update-errors, upgradable-packages and new-packages you could find the information you're looking for. Unfortunately the forget-new command, needed to not show again as new the same packages, do not seem to work very well.

For information about the search pattern of aptitude, install the package aptitude-doc-en (or that in your language, if available), then show the page Search term reference (here an online version)

The setup of the cronjob, given you already have one, is up to you.


SSH not working and /etc/ssh folder missing

OK got it working. I simply created the folder /etc/ssh and then reinstalled ssh server.
Odd that it could not create the folder, I was using sudo


I met the same problem after updating my system from ubuntu 14.04 to ubuntu 16.04. In the end I changed my BIOS and it fixed the problem. There I find my front panel was using 'HD' card and I changed it to 'AC97'. After rebooting the sound comes out.


Ubuntu 12.04 boots up into terminal (Lightdm & Ati Video card)

It looks like your Login Manager does not load up. Can you verify this with:

# ps aux | grep lightdm

If it only outputs the grep itself then LightDM is not running. You could try:

# service lightdm restart

If you are using lightdm of course, in Gnome this is GDM, KDE uses KDM, LXDE uses LXDM. etc..

Also if this continues to occur you should do a:

# runlevel

and see it the init level is the right value, I believe it is supposed to be 2 or higher at least.

I hope this helps steer you in the right direction.

Kind regards,
Jochen


How do I get text/html decoder plugins for Python 2.7 (Ubuntu 12.04)

You don't need the plug-ins for Python 2.7. I'm not sure where you're getting the "for Python 2.7" from, but I would have to guess it's from the program that does the searching for codecs, being written in Python.

Instead, you need codecs for GStreamer.

However, there are no GStreamer plug-ins for handling text/html, as it is not a multimedia container format. It's a web page. If you're getting an error about a missing codec for it, the problem is that you're using the wrong URL, or the server is redirecting you to another URL, which is returning HTML, and acting like a successful connection.

You need to use the correct URLS to play these in Rhythmbox, Totem, or other players.


As Organic Marble suggested, I set NETSERVER to on and the status eventually worked.  I do not use remote monitoring though. If that can help, NISIP is 127.0.0.1.


Ubuntu 18.04 Displays Issue -> Unknown Display

I had this problem and removing the monitors.xml config didn't work.

there was a problem w/ the nvidia driver. check to see by running

ubuntu-drivers devices

and if that looks good

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

should do the trick

https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-the-nvidia-drivers-on-ubuntu-18-04-bionic-beaver-linux


Don't run terminal when I click a new launcher

We need to know what you've put in the .desktop file.

Try editing the Terminal= line to be false:

Terminal=false

I put all my icons in /usr/share/icons and I save them as a .png or a .svg. SVG is better (scalable), but can be a larger file size. Remember, this icon will be used for Alt+Tab switcher as well as the launcher and Dash search.

Icon=/usr/share/icons/teamspeak.svg

can be changed to just teamspeak if the icon is called teamspeak.svg (or .png) and is saved in /usr/share/icons (or the current folder for your icon pack).
Just made you an icon.

Get the SVG here.

Linux will scale it for you.

My pronouns are He / Him


How do I issue keyboard shortcuts like horizontal split in a nested Byobu session?

XTerm (xterm) from the default Ubuntu repositories is a standard terminal emulator for the X window system. An xterm is able to capture and support far more key presses than a remote console. From How to forward X over SSH from Ubuntu machine?:

X11 forwarding needs to be enabled on both the client side and the server side.
On the client side, the -X option to ssh enables X11 forwarding, and you can make this the default (for all connections or for a specific connection) with ForwardX11 yes in ~/.ssh/config.
On the server side, X11Forwarding yes must specified in /etc/ssh/sshd_config. Note that the default is no forwarding and that the user cannot override this setting.
The xauth program must be installed on the server side. If there are any X11 programs there, it's very likely that xauth will be there.
To confirm that ssh is forwarding X11, check for a line containing Requesting X11 forwarding in the ssh -v -X output. Note that the server won't reply either way.


I don't know anything about getting Steam working, but since it's saying it needs packages that you don't have installed, try installing them:

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-quantal libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-quantal

If you're not comfortable running that command in a terminal, open the software center, look for these two packages, and install them:

libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-quantal
libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-quantal


Drivers are the programs to make communication between your System and device. Ubuntu is so powerful that it automatically recognize modems  so you don't need to install extra driver for it and main thing is that Your internet connection speed doesn't depends on modem driver.


If you edit the file, THEN decide you need to be root, your process needs improvement.
Think before you type.
Read
man sudoedit, set up your $EDITOR and $VISUAL environment variables, and it's easy.
In emergencies ("I typed 97 lines of config and it won't let me save!"), save the file somewhere else (where you have write permission) :w/tmp/oops, exit the editor and use sudo cp /tmp/oops !$ to copy it to the right place.


sudo bash install.sh -g error while installing SAP "the hostname you have chosen is not active on this server"

The problem is in install.sh, ifconfig don't return the text "addr"... my solution :)

myip=`ifconfig | egrep "inet addr" | grep Bcast | awk '{ print $2 }' | awk -F ":" '{ print $2 }'`

The Result :

myip="192.168.0.105"


Recommendation for a bluetooth mouse that works without a transceiver with 14.04

If the machine does not have Bluetooth built into it, it will probably need the transceiver.

Another option is to purchase a USB hub, which will give you more ports.

Best bet is, check with Dell as to what mouse they recommend will work with the machine, it really is not an Ubuntu issue per se, at least not yet.

Chris


How does GNOME files implement the copy dialog?

I believe all GNOME file operations use GFiles, which according to the description:

  GFile is a high level abstraction for manipulating files on a virtual file system. GFiles are lightweight, immutable objects that do no I/O upon creation. It is necessary to understand that GFile objects do not represent files, merely an identifier for a file. All file content I/O is implemented as streaming operations (see GInputStream and GOutputStream).

So the I/O is really implemented in ginputstream.c and goutputstream.c, in functions like g_input_stream_read, but this relies on some read function GInputStreamClass class->read_fn, which varies based on if the program is streaming from a socket, local file, win32 file, pollable stream, etc. (my guess)

For local files (I can't actually find the definition of local file, but I assume it's a file from disk) in g_local_file_input_stream_read we finally find the syscall read on line 158:

static gssize
g_local_file_input_stream_read (GInputStream  *stream,
                void          *buffer,
                gsize          count,
                GCancellable  *cancellable,
                GError       **error)
{
  GLocalFileInputStream *file;
  gssize res;

  file = G_LOCAL_FILE_INPUT_STREAM (stream);

  res = -1;
  while (1)
    {
      if (g_cancellable_set_error_if_cancelled (cancellable, error))
    break;
      res = read (file->priv->fd, buffer, count);
      if (res == -1)
    {
          int errsv = errno;

      if (errsv == EINTR)
        continue;

      g_set_error (error, G_IO_ERROR,
               g_io_error_from_errno (errsv),
               _("Error reading from file: %s"),
               g_strerror (errsv));
    }

      break;
    }

  return res;
}

Similarly the write call in g_local_file_output_stream_write:

static gssize
g_local_file_output_stream_write (GOutputStream  *stream,
                  const void     *buffer,
                  gsize           count,
                  GCancellable   *cancellable,
                  GError        **error)
{
  GLocalFileOutputStream *file;
  gssize res;

  file = G_LOCAL_FILE_OUTPUT_STREAM (stream);

  while (1)
    {
      if (g_cancellable_set_error_if_cancelled (cancellable, error))
    return -1;
      res = write (file->priv->fd, buffer, count);
      if (res == -1)
    {
          int errsv = errno;

      if (errsv == EINTR)
        continue;

      g_set_error (error, G_IO_ERROR,
               g_io_error_from_errno (errsv),
               _("Error writing to file: %s"),
               g_strerror (errsv));
    }

      break;
    }

  return res;
}


This should do about what you're looking for.  It will read a file (test.txt) and create an output file (sorted.txt) with the sorted lines in the same order as they appear in the original file.

while read line; do j=$(echo "$line" | sed -e 's/,/\n/g' | sort -n); echo "$j"
    | sed -e 's/ /,/g' >> sorted.txt; done < test.txt


This PPA should solve your problem, provided you are running the latest 12.04.

Open Terminal Ctrl-Alt-T and type:

sudo apt-add-repository -y ppa:picaso/octave
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install octave
sudo apt-get install liboctave-dev


How to install on a MacBook Air 3,2 without an external CD drive?

I had a similar problem on an old Macbook 1.1 with a broken cd-drive. I remember that all the approaches shown in the forums did not work. Try to do the following (it worked for me), the main difference is to format the flash drive as EXT:

install refit
format your flash drive as EXT4. In the following commands note that you'll need to sudo.
install grub on the flash drive as follows: say the device is /dev/sdb and you mount it as /media/usbdrive, then run

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media/usbdrive /dev/sdb

copy the ubuntu iso to /media/usbdrive:

sudo cp ubuntu-10.10-desktop-i386.iso /media/usbdrive/

now you want to create the config file for grub inside /media/usbdrive/boot/grub/. Create a file called grub.cfg with your favorite editor (you'll need to sudo): gksudo gedit /media/usbdrive/boot/grub/grub.cfg and paste the following 5 lines inside.

search --set -f /ubuntu-10.10-desktop-i386.iso
loopback loop /ubuntu-10.10-desktop-i386.iso
linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/ubuntu-10.10-desktop-i386.iso persistent debug=
initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
boot

Do a sudo sync to commit all changes to the usb drive.
That's it! Reboot, with your usb plugged-in and when refit comes up select the usb drive (in my case, it takes a while to boot (you will not see grub or anything just wait a ), probably it is uncompressing the iso, not sure.
Hope it works!


This is a known issue on Ubuntu 15.10.
It worked flawlessly until Ubuntu 15.04.
Maybe it will work on Ubuntu 16.04 again.

Workaround to check history
Open a terminal and execute :

cat /var/log/apt/history.log

Reference : Launchpad bug report


Banshee fails with fatal error about database disk image malformed

Sqlite error 11: database disk image is malformed

From this line of the log, it looks like your database is corrupt.  You can probably fix it by following the instructions from the bottom of the Banshee FAQ page. Run the following in terminal:

cd ~/.config/banshee-1
sqlite3 banshee.db ".dump" > dump
mv banshee.db banshee.db.backup
cat dump | sqlite3 banshee.db

Usually this kind of database corruption happens as a result of a Banshee crash, or a system crash or power loss while Banshee is running.

Why is this so common with Banshee?

This type of error is more common in Banshee than other applications that use SQLite databases because of the way Banshee's database is set up.  By setting PRAGMA synchronous to OFF, Banshee's SQLite database has increased performance, but unfortunately Banshee runs a higher risk of database corruption (but not data loss) as a result.  Once Bug 621057 is fixed, users won't even notice this error anymore because Banshee will automatically recover from it.


Nope, don't do that. You're not even following the steps as explained because the displayed options are not there.

Download this package (corresponds to Flash Player 11.2 for other Linux (tar.gz, 32 bit)) and extract the file libflashplayer.so into ~/.steam/steam/ubuntu12_32/plugins/ directory (you will probably need to create the plugins directory).

Then restart Steam and the videos should start working.


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS drains my Samsung Series 9 900X3C ultrabook's battery extremely fast. Is there anything I can do to fix that?

Check the power consumption by your laptop using powertop and use TLP to fine tune it.

Check out below link how to use the utility:
http://linrunner.de/en/tlp/docs/tlp-linux-advanced-power-management.html

This tool greatly helped me to reduce power consumption of my laptop.


How to change default user in WSL Ubuntu when distro not installed from Microsoft Store

Actually there's a much discussed issue for exactly my problem on WSL Github. There are two methods to solve the problem: a) registry hack, b) editing a config file. The powershell registry hack worked for me:
Get-ItemProperty Registry::HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Lxss\*\ DistributionName `
| Where-Object -Property DistributionName -eq UbuntuTest `
| Set-ItemProperty -Name DefaultUid -Value 1000

Replace UbuntuTest with your respective distro name.


Kubuntu 14.04 doesn't detect dGPU NVIDIA GeForce 740M

Your lspci output shows that you currently are using the integrated intel graphics solution.

Install the latest stable NVIDIA drivers supporting GT 740 from the Proprietary GPU drivers PPA.

Before you install new drivers uninstall every NVIDIA related software you have installed before.

Open a terminal and execute :

sudo apt-get purge '^nvidia.*'
sudo apt-get purge bumblebee
sudo reboot

Then install the latest current stable NVIDIA drivers from the long-lived branch by executing :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352
sudo reboot

In case you are using a notebook with a hybrid graphics solution install Optimus support as well.

sudo apt-get install nvidia-prime

To switch between intel and nvidia graphics - open NVIDIA X Server Settings -> Prime Profiles.

After switching to NVIDIA run sudo lspci again and the output shows your NVIDIA GT 740 GPU.


Best way to setup my external drive (with usefull partitions and appropriate partition table)

You're asking for a lot, and some of it's unique to your specific needs and desires. Thus, you may not find an exact match to those needs, and asking for step-by-step instructions to meet those needs is unreasonable -- the time demands to create and test a procedure are too great on those of us who answer questions here. (We aren't paid to do this, you know!) That said, perhaps one or more of the following procedures will get you close to what you want:

How to install Ubuntu on portable external Hard Drive?
How do I install Ubuntu to a USB key? (without using Startup Disk Creator)
Installing and Running Ubuntu Off of an External HDD

Some specific issues you may encounter that might not be addressed by the preceding questions include:

BIOS vs. EFI -- A transition in firmware from BIOS to EFI/UEFI began quite a few years ago, but late 2011 was a tipping point. At that point, most manufacturers discontinued most of their pure-BIOS systems in favor of EFI-based systems. Most EFI-based computers include a feature called the Compatibility Support Module (CSM), which enables them to boot older OSes intended for BIOS-based computers; but the CSM might or might not be active. Thus, to support any x86-64 computer, the boot medium must provide both BIOS-mode and EFI-mode boot loaders. This is possible, but most instructions address installing just one boot loader. If you're willing to support just one boot mode, then the task becomes simpler, but you must ensure that the instructions you follow cover the mode you want to use.
Windows access -- Windows treats removable USB flash drives as "superfloppies," which means that it can access only the first partition on the disk. Thus, if you want to use the disk as a Windows backup medium, you must ensure that there's just one Windows-accessible medium and that it be the first one on the disk. All other partitions, including partitions that Windows could never use, must come after this first partition.


How do I find the PID of the current instance of the Bash shell i'm using?

Read man bash. It's either $$ or $BASHPID, which differ in certain cases.


Control-/ shows and hides the "Add-on bar" at the bottom of your browser.  You can also view and change its status in the View menu.


How do I restore Déjà Dup backups without Déjà Dup?

Déjà Dup is a (very useful) frontend to the duplicity command line program.

There are instructions on using it to restore backups on the GNOME wiki:

Apps/DejaDup/Help/Restore/WorstCase - GNOME Wiki!


Quodlibet couldn't connect to a device backend

Thanks for also filing a bug report [1] :)

The workaround until this is fixed is calling

dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.UDisks /org/freedesktop/UDisks org.freedesktop.UDisks.EnumerateDevices

before starting QL.

[1] https://code.google.com/p/quodlibet/issues/detail?id=1213


How to load fonts and how to set their resolution in Ubuntu 12.04?

I'm learning about fonts too, so I'll tell you as much as I know about this.

If you're trying to apply a new font to, for example, LibreOffice, you can try to copy the font you've downloaded into the directory /usr/share/fonts or /usr/share/fonts/truetype. These are usually tarball files and are best extracted with tar -zxvf filename.tar.gz, but it doesn't have to end in .gz for it to be a tarball file.

To get Microsoft fonts on Linux, you can try sudo apt-get install ttf-mscorefonts-installer in the terminal.

Alternatively, if you have dual-booted your computer with a Windows partition (in which you share a common C:\ drive with Linux and Windows), you can go to the Fonts folder (C:\Windows\Fonts). From here you can install the fonts by right clicking, hitting Preview or Open in Font Viewer (which may open many new windows due to it being font families), and clicking on Install.


tvtime sound config file need change after reboot

I have created a script and it works well for me on Ubuntu 18.04. It may serve someone with the same inconvenience. Is this:

#!/bin/sh

# Se necesita la primera vez       $ sudo apt install libxml2-utils v4l-utils

Archivo="~/.tvtime/tvtime.xml"

# TODO: Este siguiente comando habilita el sonido. Ver como hacer para que quede
pactl load-module module-loopback

# Determinar placa de sonido
CanalDeSonidoNro=$(cat /proc/asound/cards|grep "HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH"|awk '{ print $1 }')

# Determinar placa de Video
for d in /dev/video*
do
    Resultado=$(v4l2-ctl --device=$d --info| grep -c -i "Encore ENLTV")

    if [ $Resultado = 1 ] ; then
        PlacaVideoNro=$d
    fi
done

# Salida
echo Placa de Sonido es $CanalDeSonidoNro
echo Placa de Video es $PlacaVideoNro

#Quito ultima linea
sed -i '$d' ~/.tvtime/tvtime.xml

#
sed -i '/MixerDevice/d' ~/.tvtime/tvtime.xml
echo '' >> ~/.tvtime/tvtime.xml

#
sed -i '/V4LDevice/d' ~/.tvtime/tvtime.xml
echo '' >> ~/.tvtime/tvtime.xml

# Agrego cierre
echo "" >> ~/.tvtime/tvtime.xml

# amixer -c 0 set Line unmute
tvtime
# amixer -c 0 set Line mute


You can't use Skype chat in any application anymore because when Microsoft bought Skype they shut off XMPP protocol and made their proprietary protocol encrypted so that only their client software can connect.


High CPU load for Firefox 29 and HUD with Ubuntu 13.10

This is a known issue: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/987060

Adding Firefox to the ignore list in privacy settings doesn't help.


Keep all windows open when unplugging removing external storage. (stealthily eject flash drive)

It was an old nautilus behavior which cannot be tweaked.
(Can be tweaked in current nemo, though.)

After 13.04(up to now), nautilus will get back home if opened drive is unmounted.
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2156088

I suppose you're using a very old distribution?


Migrating zip files to directories using certain label

Solution:
For each zip file, I get the filename and get "SUBJECT" using awk. After extracting the subject I make a directory with the name and move the file into it. Because it's a bash script I can more easily use the variables needed.
#!/bin/bash
for file in *.zip
do
    filename=$(basename "$file")
    dirname=`echo "$filename" | awk -F"[][]" '{print $2}'`
    mkdir -p "$dirname" &&
    mv -iv "$file" "$dirname"
done


Kubuntu 20.04 dolphin window arrangement

Without having to install anything, Kubuntu has a "Window Rules" feature in System Settings that gives you fine-tuned control of window management, including per-application rules.
The settings are located under System Settings > Workspace > Window Management > Window Rules

To set custom rules for Dolphin, create a new rule by clicking "New..." in the top right of the Window Rules window.
Set the criteria for your new rule in the first tab, "Window Matching":  You want the rule to affect Dolphin, so would enter the package name dolphin as an "Exact Match".  This will make sure that the rule takes effect when using Dolphin.

The next three tabs allow you to choose what happens to windows that meet the criteria in the first tab: "Size & Position", "Arrangement & Access", and "Appearance & Fixes"
In your case, you would use the "Size & Position" tab.  As an example, I have set the window to open 200 pixels from the left and 200 pixels from the top with a window size of 1000x800 pixels.

You can adjust these options however you like.


Downloading error "Could not retrieve the required disk image "

First try to extract the installation files from the .iso. Then put the .iso file into the folder where its contents were extracted. For example, put ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso (or whatever your .iso file is called) into a folder named ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386 that was created by extracting the .iso itself. Then try installing again.

If you don't have the ability to extract the contents of an .iso file, you can do this in your Windows system with 7-Zip.


Internet connection drops down gradually in LAN connection in Ubuntu 18.10

I had also a similar problem. I could solve it by turning off IPv6.
Please add

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1

net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1

net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

to

/etc/sysctl.conf

and then type the following command and press Enter on a command line

sudo sysctl -p

Next, please create a new file /etc/rc.local and add these contents

#!/bin/bash
# /etc/rc.local

# Load kernel variables from /etc/sysctl.d
/etc/init.d/procps restart

exit 0

and give the permission to execute to the file

chmod 755 /etc/rc.local


I finally made my adapter work on my Teclast F6 plus.
The key is to update BIOS settings.
Here is a configuration that works for me :
BIOS

make sure D3Cold is enabled (default configuration is fine)
chipset > PCI Express configuration > PCI Express Root Port 2 (this is the one used by the card)

Hot plug: enabled
Transmitter Half Swing: enabled
Extra Bus Reserved: 7

Force PCI rescan
As the OP says, the card is not listed unless a pci rescan is forced.
I set up a small systemd service to enable at start
/opt/pci/rescan.sh
#!/bin/sh

set -e

echo 1 | tee /sys/bus/pci/rescan
lspci | grep 02:00.0

/etc/systemd/system/pci-rescan.service
[Unit]
Description=PCI rescan

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/opt/pci/rescan.sh
RemainAfterExit=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# setup and enable as root
chmod a+x /opt/pci/rescan.sh
systemctl enable pci-rescan
systemctl start pci-rescan

The interface now appears and I can use it (named wls1 on my Arch system).
Using nmcli for instance:
nmcli d wifi connect <SSID> password <password> ifname wls1


12.04 LTS updated today and now throws me back to login screen after logging in

Reboot and then select previous version in recovery mode. Then go to settings, users and create another administrator and password. Select the new administrator as the default and click the lock button. Restart system and login with new user name and password.


18.04 will not delete printer - keeps returning

edit

/etc/cups/cups-browsed.conf

Then make change:

BrowseRemoteProtocols none

save and then restart CUPS

service cups restart


Ubuntu 16.04 Gnome battery indicator is showing just a box

tweak tool>appearance>change the icons

change it to other option you will get it right


/etc/locale.gen: No such file or directory, how can I add a new locale the right way

To add a new locale, you have to add it to /etc/locale.gen, save the file and run following command:

sudo locale-gen

But it is really strange, that this file is missing on your system.

Add this for American-English:

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8


Here is a partial full fix which was inspired by this answer.

Pressing CtrlAltNumpad 1, the size of the fullscreen window is temporarily reduced to a reasonably sized window without the Window decoration attached to the Terminal window. However, when selecting another window and then going back to Terminal, the Terminal remembers that it is fullscreen and gets fullscreen again. Now, CtrlAltNumpad 1 no longer works, as the windows "believes" it is in that corner already. So I do

CtrlAltNumpad 7CtrlAltNumpad 1

to make it visible again. Another bug feature is used to kind-of undo the original one.

But wait ..., then I select [View] -> [Show Menubar] and I got the original Window decoration back, and the window can now be selected normally. Everything saved!


I have the same problem...I did some commands in the terminal after logging into the live cd

The following step is for removing the i-node

In the terminal I typed

sudo debugfs -w /dev/sda1
debugfs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
debugfs: clri <8>
debugfs: quit

After that restart the system and again boot into  the live cd

In the terminal type

sudo fsck -yv /dev/sda1

It will work.....definitely

After logging into the desktop in the terminal type the following commands

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get check

For More Details visit the tutorial page

http://dcageek.blogspot.com/2013/02/ubuntu-initramfs-error-during-boot.html

For More Visit details

http://dcageek.blogspot.com


Any alternative to vino, x11vnc, and x0vncserver?

Try X2Go.
sudo apt-get install x2goserver x2goserver-xsession
Clipboard is working fine, resolution is dynamically changing and one of the best features - it is completely free.
More info here:
X2Go Wiki page


How to enable second x session on tty8 in 14.04

cat /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/30-seats.conf

 [LightDM]
 seats=Seat:0, Seat:1

 [Seat:0]
 user-session=ubuntu
 autologin-user=

 [Seat:1]
 user-session=ubuntu
 autologin-user=


"Backups" (deja-dup): after installing duplicity 0.8 from source, "Backups" can't find it

Programs can run with different PATH values. The most common that has bitten me is that sudo commands use a limited set of path values.

To Check the environment that a program is running with run ps axeww | grep deja-dup. The output will include the value of PATH used, towards the end of the output.

If the executable is not in the PATH used by deja-dup, you can add a symbolic link. For example to add a symbolic link in /usr/bin/ run a command similar to the following.

sudo ln -s  /usr/local/bin/duplicity /usr/bin


I have a problem with SSH (or any port) I can't fix

Every time time I see the problems with ssh it is I changed the port in the description. My standard pasted response next.
Now I see the security through obscurity yet again with that port used. If this machine  is outside of the local network trying this port moving technique for security is useless. The machines that scan the internet looking for open ports do not care if you have changed it. They go through every port in existence on every IP in existence, god only knows how many times a day. They will find your service with its changed listening port without any trouble at all. Or do you think they do not know there are other ports these services can run on? They are that stupid, right. My pasted blurb for just this circumstance.
The last one responded "but we see less attempts by doing it", I said I modify the statement then, only some are not that stupid, but I stand by it. The default configuration just works. Do the failtoban that is done and keep the no password login setting enabled and on, only allowing the keys and they will not be getting into your machine, unless you somehow leak the key(s) used. In short the solution is leave it alone and allow it to function as intended.


Why doesn't the slideshow start from the script that I made for an hourly cron job?

First of all, I think what you want to do is start this slideshow when the window manager is started, so start it with autostart script depending on which window manager you are. If its not the case, you'll have to say to any of your program that you want to connect to a specified display when you run it from the init scripts.

So did you try to add the display variable you can find in the man eog page like eog --display=0.0 --slide-show /media/images


On Ubuntu 20.04 (Lenovo Thinkpad), display scale of 100% is tiny, 200% is still small

Ubuntu does not know the size of your screen and thus does not know about its pixel density.

For example on a 15" screen 100% might be tiny, but on a 32" screen with the same resolution 100% would fit just fine. That is why you can change the scaling to fit your screen size manually.

Your Lenovo laptop has a higher pixel density than your Dell Laptop.


Dropdown terminal toggle key for text entry

You are talking about the Gnome extension, I assume? That extension uses "the key above the tab key" by default, whichever character that may correspond to in your specific keyboard layout.

According to this issue in the extension's issue tracker, it doesn't provide a way to type the character that's "blocked" by the shortcut. But you can change the shortcut key in the extension's settings, for example to CTRL-`.


There already exists alias for l in .bashrc ( in fact, it is defined in /etc/skel/.bashrc and that is copied to user's home directory when user is created) and that's what's overwriting yours:

$ grep '^alias l=' /etc/skel/.bashrc
alias l='ls -CF'
$ grep '^alias l=' ~/.bashrc
alias l='ls -CF'

However, that's not the only force at play here. What also happens is that  bash sources files in specific order (and depending on the mode in which it has been started - interactive, non-interactive, remote shell, etc.). The general idea is that it goes from files defined in /etc/ to files defined in your home directory, so your alias indeed does get defined when bash sources /etc/.bash_aliases, but then it gets re-defined when bash sources your ~/.bashrc.

Here's a demo:

$ # define alias in your file and let it source via /etc/bash.bashrc
$ echo "alias sayhi='echo hi'" | sudo tee -a /etc/.bash_aliases
[sudo] password for xieerqi:
alias sayhi='echo hi'
$ echo "[ -f  /etc/.bash_aliases ] && source /etc/.bash_aliases" |
> sudo tee -a /etc/bash.bashrc
[sudo] password for xieerqi:
[ -f  /etc/.bash_aliases ] && source /etc/.bash_aliases
$ # start new interactive shell
$ bash
$ sayhi
hi
$ # Works, right ? now define same in ~/.bashrc
$ echo "alias sayhi='echo nope'" >> ~/.bashrc
$ # and start shell again, let all files source
$ bash
$ sayhi
nope

Note that bash --posix , i.e. when shell is in posix mode, the ~/.bashrc and /etc/bash.bashrc apparently aren't sourced; I tested multiple times, but my alias invocation didn't produce any results in that mode.

$ echo "echo 'I am bashrc'" >> ~/.bashrc
$ bash
I am bashrc
$ exit
$ bash --posix
bash-4.3$


I want to enable Apache in serving files from eSATA . ubuntu 14.04. Home server

Thanks Malte for the hint....the problem is solved with mounting the external HDD in the subdirectory of the actual website e.g var/www/html/mywebsite/1(partition-1) and same for the partition 2 and 3. The whole external 2TB HDD is now mounted under the sub-dir of the actual website.

As Matlle said........this is the easiest sol. No need for fiddling with DocumentRoot or Alias etc just edit fstab and thats it. It will work for external USB or eSATA. I will try external USB too in another virtual host and post my finding soon.

Since mine is a free website and I have no problem with ppl browsing my HDD so the problem is solved with Malte's hint and this link for mount points.

https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/installation-guide/amd64/directory-tree.html.

why should I not love linux?

I was a complete zero in linux and apache 3 months ago and now I have removed windows from every PC.

Since I am new to Ubuntu/linux so I will soon make a step by step guide intended for the new-bees to start their own websites in layman's terms.

Thank you all and specially Malte.
Problem became clear after I saw the 250 bytes in gedit.


Problem in installing spotify in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 64-bit

You missed step 2 of the instructions you linked to:

# 2. Add the Spotify repository
echo deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list

That is an essential step since it adds Spotify's repository If you don't add it, you can't use it so can't find the package. So, just run the command above, and them continue with steps 2 and 3 from your question.


Invoking GNOME "Show Applications" from command line

On gnome based systems, this will launch "Show Applications" by sending a dbus call:

dbus-send --session --type=method_call --dest=org.gnome.Shell /org/gnome/Shell org.gnome.Shell.Eval string:'Main.shellDBusService.ShowApplications()'

for toggling..

create a script with below content and bind the script with any keyboard shortcut you wish.

#!/bin/bash

status=`gdbus call --session --dest org.gnome.Shell --object-path /org/gnome/Shell --method org.gnome.Shell.Eval 'Main.overview.visible'`

if [ "$status" == "(true, 'false')" ]; then

dbus-send --session --type=method_call --dest=org.gnome.Shell /org/gnome/Shell org.gnome.Shell.Eval string:'Main.shellDBusService.ShowApplications()'
else
dbus-send --session --type=method_call --dest=org.gnome.Shell /org/gnome/Shell org.gnome.Shell.Eval string:'Main.overview.hide()'
fi


Why aren't my modifications to xkb working?

The solution is to delete the cached xkb configurations at /var/lib/xkb/*.xkm, then restart.

Some have complained that they were unable to use their keyboard "in X next time it was started (but only that once)", although I had no problem like this at all.

Thanks to bcooksley at the KDE forums for providing the answer.


Create Directory linked to external server (website) via ftp

You can use the "connect to server" option in nautilus, the file manager of Ubuntu (at least in the standard Unity and Gnome versions). It is called "Files": (the screenshot is from a Gnome version of Ubuntu):

Launch it and choose connect to server. You will have a dialog, enter the ftp direction in the form:

 ftp://ftp.server.com/

Substitute the name or IP of your server, be careful of the syntax (you have to start with ftp:// with the two forward slashes). In the example I am using a public ftp server for the TeX repository:

Click connect and you will be asked for the credential (in my case I choose anonymous, you probably will need to give user and password):

You can choose to give the credential for just this session or forever, you choose here.

Et voilà, you can use your "share"  as if it where a local folder.

You can disconnect to the server by using the small triangle on the side of the name.

To reach the volume with a shell, you normally search under /run/user/$UID/gvfs  ($UID is your User Identification Number, you can see it in the shell with echo $UID).

Note that read-only ftp shares can behave strangely when doing complex operations (for example, trying to create a file I had an Input/output error instead of a permission denied.


It seems from the output is that many alsamixer and pulseaudio packages are missing

I suggestion you to re-install it. To re-install execute following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -f install --reinstall alsa-utils pulseaudio gnome-alsamixer

Restart you system.

Reply if you get any error.

Edit

If above doesn't help that much then try following:

First execute alsamixer in terminal and check that you don't have MM under the vertical bars listed there. If you get any MM you can go to that bar using Left or Right arrow key and press M to un-mute the sound. If you get the sound then better or else go for following options.

Execute sudo alsa force-reload in terminal

Wait for few seconds. It will show some text and looks like it still re-loading. Press Ctrl+C to exit and restart your system. You should get your sound. Still doesn't work then go to 2nd option.
Execute following command to remove and then install packages

sudo apt-get remove --purge alsa-base pulseaudio
sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get -f install alsa-base pulseaudio

And force reload Alsa again:

sudo alsa force-reload

Then restart your system. If still it doesn't work then go for 3rd option.
Open the terminal and edit speech-dispatcher file by using the following command:

sudo gedit /etc/default/speech-dispatcher

On the opened window change RUN=yes to RUN=no

Again reboot your system.

Hope any of the listed options would help you. Reply if something goes wrong.


Box Sync using Storage Made Easy, anyone?

Make sure that the Linux user that you are using has a read and write permissions to the folders/subfolder/files that you are synchronizing.

Also you can contact SME support on the forum: https://thesmespace.websitetoolbox.com/?forum=166042


Ubuntu installer won't recognize NVMe SSD - Lenovo Yoga 720 15-IKB

Well, so not long after posting this question, I tried disabling "Intel Platform Trust Technology" option in the BIOS, and voilà, I was able to install Ubuntu 18.04.

That seems to have solved the problem.
Only problem now is to enable switchable graphics.

Thank you for reading.
I hope this can help someone else facing a similar issue.

Cheers!


Dualboot Windows 10 and Ubuntu: GRUB Problems

If you can open Ubuntu and access all the files using file manager in ubuntu then you can update your grub using the command in terminal.

> sudo update grub


How do I stop the cursor jumping from desired location to the far left of the screen?

Assuming that this is due to spuriously brushing of yr touchpad as you type, you can modify certain parameters, provided yr touchpad driver is well installed.

First list Xorg input devices. Results are for my present machine and will be different in yr case.

$ xinput --list  # list of Xorg session input devices
⎡ Virtual core pointer                 id=2 [master pointer (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer       id=4 [slave pointer (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad       id=10 [slave pointer (2)]
⎜   ↳ PS/2 Generic Mouse               id=11 [slave pointer (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                id=3 [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard      id=5 [slave keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                     id=6 [slave keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                        id=7 [slave keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Sleep Button                     id=8 [slave keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard     id=9 [slave keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP WMI hotkeys                   id=12 [slave keyboard (3)]

As you can see the present touchpad is identified as "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad", next, to list yr touchpad properties, do in terminal:

$ xinput --list-props "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" | grep -e Finger
# Replace "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" above with yr own touchpad description.
Synaptics Finger (275): 25, 30, 0
Synaptics Two-Finger Pressure (281):    282
Synaptics Two-Finger Width (282):   7
Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling (285):   1, 1

To understand the listed properties in detail, look up $ man 4 synaptics.
"Synaptics Finger" is the property of interest here:

Finger Low = 25 <- when finger pressure drops below this value, the driver counts it as a release.
Finger High = 30 <- when finger pressure goes above this value, the driver counts it as a touch.

As you see I like to keep my touchpad on the sensitive side. You, on the other hand, probably want to tweak "Finger High" and set it to a higher value, 50 or 60 or more. It depends as much on yr hardware as it does on you. You just need to experiment to fine tune yr hardware to yr specific needs. For instance:

 $ xinput --set-prop [device number] "Synaptics Finger" 25 60 0

In my use-case [device number] would correspond to 10 (as seen above from $ xinput --list) I increased the property "FingerHigh" above from 30 to 60. That translates in yr touchpad becoming less sensitive to spurious contacts.

Another way to configure yr device on the fly, without the need to restart yr Xorg session, is to use the cli utility synclient.  It queries and modifies Synaptics driver options. This would allow you to adjust touchpad features that are not be exposed via the GUI. One would adjust parameters via a terminal:

 $ synclient FingerHigh=60

See $ man synclient for more details.

Although that type of configuration is not permanent and will not survive a reboot, it will help you in experimenting with values. Once you're satisfied with device behavior, you can edit the file /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf (<- this is my own configuration file's name; yr filename may differ.)

Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "touchpad"
    Driver "synaptics"
    MatchIsTouchpad "on"
        Option "..." "..."
        ...
        Option "FingerLow" "25"
        Option "FingerHigh" "60"
        ...
EndSection

That should make changes permanent across reboot, but those changes will likely be wiped out, when you perform a system or driver upgrade.

HTH. Feedback welcome.


NHK Live streaming not available on this browser

As mentioned in my comment they do weird checking and error out in case of Linux.

Some digging through the JavaScript finds a nice URL: http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/app/tv/hlslive_tv.xml -- the URLs listed there can be fed to VLC and play just fine. Second from the top labelled 'wstream' seems to be what you are looking for.

Open VLC
press [ctrl-n] 'or' Menu media, open network stream
enter URL: http://web-cache.stream.ne.jp/www11/nhkworld-tv/global/222714/live_tv.m3u8 (at least that's what I get right now from the above list)
press play, wait
…
profit!


I would read this documentation, and then

  sudo apt-get install ccache
  Assuming you're build a "standard" source package,

export CC="ccache gcc"
export CXX="ccache g++"
./configure

If you really want to "override" the standard gcc and g++ you could then

ln -s $(which ccache) /usr/local/bin/gcc
ln -s $(which ccache) /usr/local/bin/g++
ln -s $(which ccache) /usr/local/bin/cc


After an upgrade to 18.04.2 LTS system freezes with only mouse movement when trying to access files on my second physical disk

I found a solution. The second disk was partitioned into a EXT4 partition and a NTFS partition. Whenever I tried to access the NTSF partition, the system froze with only mouse movements. I ran 16.04 from my CD and backed up all my data off of the second drive and reformatted it with one EXT4 partition. System works ok now. Old Partition Information


HTML is a markup language which is interpreted by a web browser. There is no such thing as compiling HTML.

JavaScript is a dynamic programming language that is executed at runtime by a JavaScript engine. That means JavaScript is not compiled.

As you're mentioning both JavaScript and HTML, read this : JavaScript use in web pages.

  The primary use of JavaScript is to write functions that are embedded in or included from HTML pages and that interact with the Document Object Model (DOM) of the page.

I don't really understand what you're trying to do but assuming you've got some .js and .html files, just open the html ones with your browser, like this:

firefox your_stuff.html


Wireless network connectivity is not working

This is an easy one for me, because I have the same wifi card. I have re-installed ubuntu countless times, never dual-booted though on this laptop. To get the wifi to work, simply run the commands below. I would recommend doing this on a clean installation. It got mine working perfectly. If that doesn't work then refer to this forum (where I got it from) here.

sudo apt-get remove bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install b43-fwcutter firmware-b43-installer

Then, reboot!


Why does XChat always open only partially maximized?

It's been annoying me too :).  It's a bug which is fixed in Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal) and will be fixed in 12.04 (requires verification).


How to set the correct python path on Ubuntu

You should first take a look at the python documentation related to packages.

Now if you need to give the path to your module do it this way:

cd ~/git/p1/test
PYTHONPATH=/home/user1/ python ./prog1.py

Just replace /home/user1/ with the full path to your home-made module.


Can't Boot An Intel Equipped Laptop From the Burned ISO For 13.10 ISP (X386)

please have a look here, report your problem and subscribe to the bug report:   https://bugs.launchpad.net/baltix/+bug/930447


How can I uninstall Foxit Reader from 16.04?

The installer tells you where the file was installed in. For me it was ~/opt/foxitsoftware/foxitreader. In that directory is "maintenancetool.sh", running it will give you a gui for uninstalling.


Why don't I have to edit sources.list to upgrade?

Ubuntu is upgraded differently from Debian. In Debian the process includes manually editing /etc/apt/sources.list, while in Ubuntu it does not becuase you use automated tools instead that perform that step and the other necessary steps. Editing /etc/apt/sources.list and upgrading with APT is neither necessary nor sufficient to correctly upgrade an Ubuntu system to a newer release.
See below for more details about this. However, if your goal is just to upgrade your Ubuntu system, I recommend How do I upgrade to a newer version of Ubuntu? as well as this tutorial (for a desktop system) and these instructions (for a server system, though the do-release-upgrade way works for desktop systems too).
Why isn't it necessary to edit /etc/sources.list?
It is necessary, but in Ubuntu you don't do it yourself.
Unlike in Debian, the recommended ways to upgrade to a newer release of Ubuntu (such as from 12.04 LTS to 14.04 LTS) do not involve manually editing /etc/sources.list. Instead you use the Update Manager / Software Updater or run the do-release-upgrade command.
Editing /etc/apt/sources.list to replace each official Ubuntu repository with the corresponding repository for the target Ubuntu release is one of the steps performed automatically as part of the upgrade. However, there are other important steps as well.
If you attempt to upgrade Ubuntu to a later release as though it were Debian, by manually editing /etc/apt/sources.list and then issuing upgrade commands with apt/apt-get/aptitude, it is likely--though not certain--that you will get a broken system and have to reinstall. If you want the upgrade to work and the resulting Ubuntu system to be usable, then you should not attempt to upgrade it that way.
Why isn't it sufficient to edit /etc/sources.list?
It isn't always sufficient in Debian, either.
Ubuntu has tools that perform the other actions necessary for upgrading. The correct way to upgrade a Debian system is to read and follow the upgrade instructions in the target system's release notes. Usually the process is simple and pretty easy, but the specific steps do differ between releases.
Reading release notes for Ubuntu it useful, too, but Ubuntu has tools that perform all the necessary actions behind the scenes. If you were to perform exactly the same actions yourself, correctly and in the correct order, then you would succeed at upgrading the system. (If you did that, then editing /etc/sources.list would be one of the steps.) This is neither required nor recommended. The tools do it for you.
There are also some differences between Ubuntu and Debian that create the need for some Ubuntu-specific steps. For example, when you upgrade an Ubuntu system, PPAs are automatically disabled. The specific details of what happens in an upgrade change somewhat between Ubuntu releases but What does `do-release-upgrade` really do? should give you an idea.


It tells umount that it should use the program umount.udisks2 to unmount that file system. That allows ordinary users to unmount without needing root privileges.


Convert via terminal CRW format to JPG or PNG

Imagemagick, according to http://www.imagemagick.org/script/formats.php, supports CRW (Canon Raw Image Format), which as such should work with convert.
convert source.crw target.jpg

If this does not work there are two possibilities:

Your source image is corrupted
Imagemagicks support of crw is flawed,

in which case you should report a bug at http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/.


You could be able to backup the disk using dd:

sudo dd bs=4M if=/dev/sdb of=filename.img
sudo dd bs=4M if=/dev/sdb | gzip > filename.gz

The first command will create a 1499.6 GB (referring to your fdisk output) size image, the second will create something slightly smaller - which would not fit onto the 250GB sda drive...

It still might show up in GParted, but something that big would take ages to scan...

Using a different external HDD case could help (if it is the more normal sort of hard drive that will work in a various setups), or a different way of connecting.it..

You probably shall have to take it to some professionals, and get it fixed (or, just recovered) that way. That is may be the simplest way to do it, if the most expensive - but mucking around with 1.5 Terabytes of data could be rather difficult - particurally with input/output errors.

This is sort of referring to past experience, where my 1 Terabyte Hitachi drive I used to store videos on failed after a month, and it turned out to be the external USB enclosure that was the problem. I eventually sorted it out for myself last week, but I only recovered a 1/4 of the data, and only 3/4 of the disk now works. I can now still use it though - but not for anything important.

But I do have one or two 'tips':

If it is important, backup the backup - and don't use massive hard drives or partitions for backing up
Check the disk occasionally (GParted is usually competent at that)
'Safely Remove Drive' before unpluggin it
Never let the computer suspend when it is plugged in (that is what killed mine)

Sorry, thats it


Can't drag window into workspace ubuntu 11.10

OP Solved this by installing Ubuntu 12.04.


Not yet find other solutions, but an alternative is to click suspend in the right top control panel, this way, the problem won't happen.


How to see where my ubuntu is partitioned from my windows disk management?

Looking at that I get the feeling that you used the something else option during installation and created partitions for /swap, /home and /.

If so, I can guess that your 18GB partition is /swap, 60GB is / and 165Gb is /home.

Then, the last 3 partitions in there are your Ubuntu partitions.


Timezone appears to be set correctly, but time is 7 hours off

What am I missing?

Hello fellow Pacific Daylight Timer! :)   Your system clock is defaulting to UTC (aka GMT), which is PDT+7.

Start the terminal with Ctrl-Alt-T, run sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata, and select the appropriate city in North America from the menu. Then exit. That should do it!


How do I access a background terminal program started in startup on gnome?

If you want to add this to startup, you should be able to find "Startup Applications" in the "System" menu. On Ubuntu 12.04 and 12.10, the "System" menu is in the top right corner. It's in the same place where you power off the computer.

You can simply click "Add", enter your command and a name, and then click "Save".


Kindly explain to me what this script does

Assuming it is a bash script, it says

if the script is called with a single command-line argeument; then
assign the value of that argument to the variable CONFIG_FILE_DIR and export it

Exporting makes the variable visible to child shells (otherwise, variables have local scope) - type help declare at the bash shell prompt for more details about the usage and options of the declare built-in.


Consider using isc-dhcp-server to do all of your IP address allocations. It can assign a specific IP address based on MAC, while at the same time assigning IP addresses from a separate reserved pool when the MAC address is not one that it knows about.


The google translator can translate a document. Can help you.

Google Translate


Creating wine shortcuts on 15.10: how to hide from desktop but not from launcher?

If you successfully created a launcher (.desktop file), the difficult part was already done :).
What you still needed to do was to move the launcher to ~/.local/share/applications (~ stands for your home directory). Then you might have to log out/in, but then the launcher will show up in Dash if the launcher is valid.
Explanation
Dash by default looks into both /usr/share/applications and ~/.local/share/applications for valid launchers. The first one is for globally installed applications, the latter for local ones, or for local versions (with personal options) of the globally installed launchers.
Since Wine applications are (locally) installed in ~/.wine, you should have your launcher in ~/.local/share/applications by definition.
Additional information
Not really related to this question, but still good to know:
If an application's launcher exists in both ~/.local/share/applications and /usr/share/applications, the first (local) one "overrules" the global one.


Setting Gnome extension from C shell (csh)

Using eval instead of using exec solved my issue.


ImageMagick PNG delegate install problems

You are making things a little too hard for yourself, here is a quick and dirty guide that ran well for me on Trusty Tahr:

First pick up a few known dependencies:

sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall \
             libx11-dev libxext-dev zlib1g-dev libpng12-dev \
             libjpeg-dev libfreetype6-dev libxml2-dev

This does not quite catch everything so activate the Source repositories by clicking on 'Souce Code' here:

Dash >> Software & Updates >> Source Code

and then running the following:

sudo apt-get build-dep imagemagick

Create a build folder and change to it:

mkdir $HOME/imagemagick_build && cd $HOME/imagemagick_build

And finally download, extract, compile and install by simply copying and pasting the entire code box below into a Terminal window:

wget https://www.imagemagick.org/download/ImageMagick-7.0.8-28.tar.bz2 && \
tar xvf ImageMagick-7.0.8-28.tar.bz2 && cd ImageMagick-7.0.8-28 && ./configure && make && \
sudo checkinstall -D --install=yes --fstrans=no --pakdir "$HOME/imagemagick_build" \
     --pkgname imagemagick --backup=no --deldoc=yes --deldesc=yes --delspec=yes --default \
     --pkgversion "7.0.8-28" && \
make distclean && sudo ldconfig

And finally test this, looking especially for the png you are missing in your own install:

andrew@corinth:~$ identify -version
Version: ImageMagick 7.0.5-10 Q16 x86_64 2017-06-05 http://www.imagemagick.org
Copyright: Copyright (C) 1999-2017 ImageMagick Studio LLC
License: http://www.imagemagick.org/script/license.php
Features: Cipher DPC OpenMP
Delegates (built-in): bzlib djvu fftw fontconfig freetype jbig jng jpeg lcms lqr lzma openexr pangocairo png tiff wmf x xml zlib
andrew@corinth:~$

And there is the png option you were missing :).


How to change keyboard character in Ubuntu?

Ctrl+Shift+U+0119
 will do it.

If you don't like to change your keyboard layout to your language as waltinator mentioned before, you might have a look on various websites about
UTF / UTF8 / UTF16 key codes if you often do need some which do not usually come with the US keyboard layout …

For example, I found the code for "your" ę on

http://www.utf8-chartable.de/unicode-utf8-table.pl?start=256&unicodeinhtml=dec


Using C++17 with clang++ on Ubuntu 16.04

I followed the same article but with little changes:

execute ldconfig after setting LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
change the "18.04" in the url to "16.04".

The installation was:

apt install build-essential xz-utils curl
curl -SL http://releases.llvm.org/7.0.1/clang+llvm-7.0.1-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-16.04.tar.xz | tar -xJC .
cp -r clang+llvm-7.0.1-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-16.04/ /usr/local/clang-7.0.1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/clang-7.0.1/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=/usr/local/clang-7.0.1/bin:$PATH
ldconfig

Then created if_test.cpp:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    // if block with init-statement:
    if(int a = 5; a < 8) {
        std::cout << "Local variable a is < 8\n";
    } else {
        std::cout << "Local variable a is >= 8\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

The source code was compiled by following instruction:

clang++ -std=c++17 -stdlib=libc++ -Wall -pedantic if_test.cpp -o if_test

Execution of object file will give correct output:

# ./if_test
Local variable a is < 8


Gnome Shell got removed after updating Ubuntu 12.04

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

I had the same problem before. This problem occurred after I allowed the "partial upgrade" in the update manager, which caused the gnome-shell being removed. I try the above commands, and then the gnome-shell is able to be installed.


Is it possible to control horizontal letter spacing in Vim?

Vim is a text editor, not a word processor or publishing package so there isn't such a feature.


Graphics acceleration (overlay) not working - cannot resize video

I found that a workaround is to install MPV Media Player, and it plays HD videos fullscreen with no chopping.


Ubuntu USB keyboard and mouse driver fail after upgrade

I finally found a solution. Basically, I restarted in recovery mode, set up my network. In my case, the DNS server was missing. so I had to enter namerserver 8.8.8.8. Once the internet connection was Ok, I just entered: sudo apt-get install -y xserver-xorg-input-all and restarted and it worked.


Clicking User Accounts in the System Settings breaks everything

This happens when you upgrade graphical stack and do not install libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-xxxx, where xxxx is your graphical stack name.

Check which version is installed by

dpkg -l | grep xserver-xorg-core

and see which line is with ii chars

ii  xserver-xorg-core-lts-wily                            2:1.17.2-1ubuntu9.1~trusty1                         amd64        Xorg X server - core server

If it is wily, then run

sudo apt-get install libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-wily

and the issue will be fixed.


That's right; when you use dd to image a USB drive, the source file is all you get.  You will need to use fdisk or parted to delete the filesystem on the USB (erasing what you put there before) then create a FAT or FAT32 partition to make all the space usable.

Illustrations of how to use fdisk in general are shown here; examples of fdisk and parted are shown here.


Lenovo X1 Thinkpad battery not charging in 17.04

Same situation here, but my battery died completely and I could not turn laptop on at all. Called Lenovo tech support and their awesome rep (Joshua) instructed me to do a "static reset." Steps are:

Unplug laptop;
insert end of paper clip in small hole on bottom of laptop;
hold for five seconds; let go; plug laptop back in;
hit power/start button.

Worked like a charm! Apparently, electricity builds up inside laptop with nowhere to go. Reset button on bottom releases it so battery can recharge as it should. Thank you, Joshua!


Password required while building a USB disk

You can try to use cat instead of dd; I believe it's faster anyway but it will take more than one command.

(this usually works with iso files so I think it will work with a dmg image)

Run these commands one-by-one:

sudo -s
cat /Users/janjakobvivde/Downloads/ubuntu-14.04.3-desktop-amd64.img.dmg > /dev/rdisk2
exit
sudo -k

Also, an alternative to sudo -s is sudo su.


Eclipse Neon icon size in Ubuntu 16.04 hidpi

At least in my case (ASUS UX303UB, Eclipse Neon 4.6.0RC1, Ubuntu 16.04), it was possible to get proper icons by adding:

-Dswt.autoScale=175

at the end of $ECLIPSE_HOME/eclipse.ini


I don't know the exact model of the image, but if you're plannig to buy a new laptop, please consider having a look at the Certified hardware list in the official site.


xubuntu desktop breaks on tightvncserver

You properly missing this line on your ubuntu xstartup file

vncconfig -iconic &

I use this xstartup file and xfce displays everything correctly

#!/bin/sh
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
startxfce4 &

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &


Is there another volume control sliding bar for Xfce?

On Xubuntu 16.04 the xfce4-mixer plugin is no longer available.

Try

sudo apt install xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin

(which is not in the goodies package)


"Sorry Ubuntu * has experienced an internal error" /usr/bin/compiz

It just means there's been a problem with compiz, which is the window manager on Ubuntu. If you don't experience any problems, then it has corrected itself. However, you can file bugs if you want to tell developers what happened so that they can fix it.

If your desktop is working properly, you don't have to worry about it. But you'll probably want to install Virtual Box Guest Additions, which will provide drivers for your graphics and other things.


How to activate the Gedit terminal plugin?

After you are sure that gedit-plugins is installed, (re)open gedit and navigate to Edit → Preferences and select Plugins tab. Here you must to tick Embedded Terminal. Then when you will press Ctrl+F9, a terminal will appear in bottom pane:


You can use sed along with grep to achieve this.

grep -n 'Captain' sometextfile.txt | sed 's/:/ /'

This sed command finds the pattern : and replaces it with (a space).

General Syntax - sed 's/find/replace/'

This method will replace only the first occurence of : in each line with . Therefore, even if a line in the text file contains :, it will remain unaffected.


Why did the command ":(){ :|: & };:" make my system lag so badly I had to reboot?

This is called a fork bomb.

:() means you are defining a function called :

{:|: &} means run the function : and send its output to the : function again and run that in the background.

The ; is a command separator.

: runs the function the first time.

Essentially you are creating a function that calls itself twice every call and doesn't have any way to terminate itself. It will keep doubling up until you run out of system resources.

Running in Virtualbox was quite sensible really otherwise you would have had to restart your pc.


You need to set the correct drive as the default boot medium in the BIOS set-up of your computer.

How you enter BIOS set-up and make the configuration change depends on the specific BIOS. Please consult your system manual which should contain instructions to that extent. If you still can't manage to make the change, I recommend that you open a new question with pictures (of the BIOS set-up screen etc.) over on SuperUser since BIOS lies outside of the control of Ubuntu and is borderline off topic here on Ask Ubuntu.


Here is the part of my dmesg log were it hangs:

[    1.498594] tsc: Refined TSC clocksource calibration: 3499.997 MHz

[    2.500232] Switched to clocksource tsc

[   10.984537] usb 1-3: device descriptor read/all, error -110

[   11.096617] usb 1-3: new high-speed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd

[   21.239535] usb 1-3: device descriptor read/all, error -110

[   21.351611] usb 1-3: new high-speed USB device number 4 using xhci_hcd

[   26.375040] usb 1-3: device descriptor read/8, error -110

[   31.502546] usb 1-3: device descriptor read/8, error -110

[   31.718765] usb 1-3: new high-speed USB device number 5 using xhci_hcd

[   32.813379] EXT4-fs (sdc2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)

[   36.742145] usb 1-3: device descriptor read/8, error -110

[   41.869666] usb 1-3: device descriptor read/8, error -110

[   41.973776] usb usb1-port3: unable to enumerate USB device

[   42.085922] usb 1-5: new full-speed USB device number 6 using xhci_hcd

[   42.216096] usb 1-5: New USB device found, idVendor=1b1c, idProduct=1b09

[   42.216098] usb 1-5: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0

[   42.216099] usb 1-5: Product: Corsair K70R Gaming Keyboard

[   42.216100] usb 1-5: Manufacturer: Corsair

[   42.382353] usb 1-6: new full-speed USB device number 7 using xhci_hcd

[   42.512522] usb 1-6: New USB device found, idVendor=1532, idProduct=0043

[   42.512523] usb 1-6: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0

[   42.512524] usb 1-6: Product: Razer DeathAdder Chroma

[   42.512525] usb 1-6: Manufacturer: Razer


Changing the cursor size in ubuntu 14.04

14.04 introduced a new dconf setting called cursor-scale-factor setting. This should make it 48:

echo "Xcursor.size:48" > ~/.Xresources && gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Interface cursor-scale-factor 2

The cursor is large in Ubuntu software center, all of the Libre Office programs and in several other pieces of software.

But when pointing it to the launcher, the top panel, in Nautilus and in browsers the cursor is still small. So this is not working properly...

Better method: Change the mouse cursor theme. There is a tool for that called galternatives and it is in the default repository:

sudo apt-get install galternatives

and follow these directions:

  Preliminary:

  Put new cursor folder in /usr/share/icons. Create cursor.theme file if
  needed. You can get some themese on gnome-look.

  Start the program:

galternatives

  You are asked for your password.
  Select x-cursor-theme from the list
  in the left.
  To add a new cursor, click 'Add' button and browse in the
  popup window to the new cursor's directory in /usr/share/icons.
  Click
  Open, and select the file cursor.theme
  Click ok.
  Click ok.
  New cursor
  becomes available in the main window.
  Select it and close.
  It will
  become active after log out.

  For Unity: in addition to the above, use 'advanced settings' to
  complete the job and change the gnome cursor.

edit: it is a long standing bug. The bug also has a workaround


Are any other distrons which will work on UEFI & Intel Atom CPU (instead of Lubutnu)?

if you are looking for something very lightweight (in terms of resource-usage), I can recommend antiX Linux to you.

Reasons:

It is based on Debian
It supports Debian packages
It uses XFCE DE, which causes little to nearly no intense resource-usage

Also the well known distro MX Linux is based on antiX.

Here is a link to the official website: https://antixlinux.com/


syslog shows 2 users and shows usb device when I didn't use one

Thats a perfect output, to explain it a bit I'll take it step by step:

SpiRegistry daemon is running with well-known name - org.ally.atspi.Registry
This one seems to be a system daemon, not really sure what he does.
Starting User manager for UID 1000
This is the UID of your users group.
UID 108
This is the syslogs group UID.
CRON [3076]: pam_unix (cron:session): opened for user root by (uid=0)
This just informs you that the cron is running its normal routine jobs as root.

Hope this will shed some light for you.


Bacula web: SQLSTATE[HY000] [14] unable to open database file

I'm the Bacula-Web current maintener.

IMHO, maybe this solution will fix Bacula-Web problem but at the same time, if you run bacula-dir as a non-root user, this will avoid write permissions on the SQLite database file.

What would be better is (if bacula run with user bacula)
$ sudo chown bacula:www-data /var/lib/bacula
Please tell me if this works too (Bacula and Bacula-Web)

I would be happy to update Bacula-Web documentation if needed.

P.S: feel free to open a bug report or feature request in Bacula-Web bug tracker -> http://bugs.bacula-web.org

Best regards


You should use sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade instead.

Most of the differences between apt and apt-get are cosmetic. The major exception is the upgrade action, which actually behaves in a markedly different way. With apt, the upgrade action is nearly always sufficient, and most of the old advice suggesting otherwise does not apply to apt upgrade.

Unlike apt-get upgrade, apt upgrade can install new packages to satisfy dependencies. The full-upgrade action (and dist-upgrade, which is a synonym) can do this too, but it also can remove packages, including packages marked as having been manually installed.

Most advice to run full-upgrade (or its synonym dist-upgrade) is a vestige of a time when there was no apt command. Commands with full-upgrade/dist-upgrade require special care to be used safely, and there's no good reason even for very experienced users to run them routinely.

Furthermore, although using full-upgrade/dist-upgrade and closely inspecting what it proposes to do used to be widely recommended, this recommendation was questionable even at the time. If for some reason you do want to use apt-get instead of apt to achieve the same effect as apt upgrade, you can run apt-get upgrade --with-new-pkgs.

To recap, for what you're currently doing, this is the command you probably want:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

And if for some reason you preferred to use apt-get instead of apt, you could use this:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade --with-new-pkgs

There is no need to use full-upgrade/dist-upgrade for routine installation of updates. In a stable release of Ubuntu (whether LTS or non-LTS), it is uncommon to need to remove packages in order to upgrade other packages. You might occasionally encounter this situation when using PPAs or other third-party repositories, but even then, you should be very careful, and full-upgrade/dist-upgrade would still not be something you'd often need.

Finally, note that one major situation where new packages are installed (which apt upgrade will do) is kernel updates. Most kernel updates install the new kernel as a separate package, so that you can still boot into the older kernel if the new one doesn't work. Especially if you're only updating from the command line, old kernels can gradually accumulate and take up space. That is still not a situation that full-upgrade/dist-upgrade would prevent or address. Instead, to uninstall most old kernels from the command-line, you can use:

sudo apt autoremove

What this really does is to remove packages that were installed automatically as dependencies and that are no longer needed. It can, and sometimes will, remove packages other than old kernels. It is generally safe to run, but I do suggest looking at what it says it's going to do before proceeding.


If you aren't going to be booting from the old HDD, cd to the old HDD root partition and run:

sudo mv /boot /backup-boot

and then run

sudo update-grub

This should prevent the old installation from being detected.


Left click for menu. Hold it down, and navigate with the mouse to Debian -> Applications, and then you will have a list similar to Windows XP's list of applications. You should have a wireframe of the window appear, so place it somewhere on the desktop


In Ubuntu 12.04 you still can and have to use gconf-editor.

When installed, run it and navigate to apps > docky-2 > Docky > Items > DockyItem. There uncheck "ShowDockyItem". Restart Docky.

How do I use the gconf editor?


You can use the usbnet drivers and a host-host USB cable to do this. In chat, the user fossfreedom gave me a good link about the "usbnet" Driver Framework .

I also saw a great cable and I will buy it.


Replace Windows+Ubuntu(installed with Wubi) with Ubuntu 14.04

Installing Ubuntu 14.04 and choosing the replace Windows option will remove both Windows 8 and the WUBI installed Ubuntu as the Ubuntu installed with WUBI is contained within your Windows partition.


I think this could be the answer here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Mount/USB

It says: "If your usb device doesn't appear on your desktop, you should check that your user has the correct privileges. Go to System->Administration->User and Groups, choose the user, click on "Properties", then go to the "User Privileges" tab. You should have the "Access external storage devices automatically" option checked."


GNOME extensions are no longer working after activating Intel TearFree

OK, interesting enough the problem does not appear today after testing again?!
I did the same thing today that I tried yesterday multiple times.

Hard to say what could have changed.

Thanks to doug for trying to help.


I think "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build" points to incorrect folder

The /lib/modules/<version>/build symlink should point to the build directory - ie, where the object files were placed during the kernel build. In your case, your source dir is the same as your build dir, so both symlinks will point to the same directory.


Program like Windows Paint for cutting and copy editting

For cut a image you need to have a application with cropping ability. So it seems GIMP Image Editor would be helpful.

Or

sudo apt-get install gimp


How to change wget default directory from 'Videos' to 'Downolads'?

wget by default will store downloads to the current directory where you run the wget command.

Method 1: Pass the -P option to specify a download directory

To change the directory, you need to add the -P argument in your wget command:

wget -P /path/to/directory <download-url>

Or

wget --directory-prefix=prefix <download-url>

where prefix is the directory where you want the downloads to be stored.

With this method, you need to specify the -P or --directory-prefix=prefix every time you download.

Method 2: Use alias to make a permanent default directory

To set a permanent default download directory, you can use alias, like this:

alias wget='wget --directory-prefix=prefix'

Change prefix with the directory you want and put the alias command on .bashrc to make it permanent.


Problem arises after installing sagemath on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Sagemath depends on Postfix. I have no idea why though. You cant get rid of the popup, but you could just select

│  No configuration:
│   Should be chosen to leave the current configuration unchanged.


Banshee will not import media since 12.04 upgrade

You could just try a re-install something could of got messed up in the upgrade

sudo apt-get remove banshee

then

sudo apt-get install banshee

It might not help but at least you will definitely have the latest version.


Having trouble booting to USB to install Ubuntu

Simply copying over the iso to the usb doesn't make it bootable. You need to use an application like pendrivelinux or unetbootin to make a bootable USB.

These tools extract the individual files from the iso and copy them to the USB and then overwrite the bootloader of the usb itself, thus making it bootable.

The above activity will erase all data from your USB drive. backup the data from the usb


How to install a dark theme for zim desktop wiki

I use Zim quite a bit, but there are a few other apps that caused me to change all my GTK apps to a dark theme, using the Gnome Tweaks application.

To try this method, first install the Gnome Tweaks tool:

sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Then, hit the Super key or click the "Show Applications" button on the bottom left of the desktop, and type "tweaks".

After tweaks comes up, select the "Appearance" tab. You'll notice that the first section is "themes". For Zim, the "Applications" setting is the one controlling the theme.

On 18.10, I was able to select Adwaita-dark, and Zim picked up the settings immediately.

There's a relevant makeuseof.com article with a lot more information on how to change the gtk theme, if you need it.

This is a quick and easy change, so you can change back if the aesthetic doesn't please you.


Is there a command that returns network utilization?

ifstat doesnt require root. Run it with -S to update the current line instead of printing a new line for each measurement.

egil@mutter:~$ ifstat -S
       eth0
 KB/s in  KB/s out
    0.13      0.26


The fix is only in saucy.  The main archive will contain the fixed package soon, or you can use the daily PPA if desperate.

sudo add-apt-repository lp:~maas-maintainers/dailybuilds


Is it possible to change virtual desktop with right+left mouse buttons and mouse direction?

Yes, you can do that. In System Settings, type short into the filter field above the left panel, then select Global Shortcuts. Scroll down the list of applications to find kwin and type 'switch' into the second filter field below the Global Shortcuts heading. There you can choose to add your custom shortcut to any of the desktop switches listed.


How to create a launch entry in the xface context menu for cinelerra-gg5.1?

Depending on your knowledge and comfort, there are different ways:

Create a desktop icon:

On an empty place on your desktop, right-click and select "Create Starter". Enter a name and the path to your application, the working directory (will be the directory cinerella-gg is in), and an icon if desired. Save the starter and now you can start the application by (double-)clicking on the icon on the desktop. Maybe this is what you meant with "launchfile".

Edit the xfce4 menu:

Open the "Desktop Settings" menu, look for something like "menu editor". Select "Video Production" in the left panel and "Cinelerra-CV" there; this will show you the contents of this application's desktop file. Make a screenshot of these contents or remeber the values. Now Select the "+" in the top bar to add a new starter, and fill in the values you remebered, modifying the name, application path and maybe icon, and select "save starter" in the top bar.

For more information, see Menu libre

Create global desktop application file:

Ifyou don't want to mess around with your local menu configuration, go to /usr/share/applications, find the file named cinelerra-cv.desktop (I hope it is named thatway), copy this file to a new one and modify that to reflect your executable path. E.g.:

$ cd /usr/share/applications
$ ls cinelerra*
cinelerra-cv.desktop
$ sudo cp cinelerra-cv.desktop cinelerra-gg.desktop
$ sudo nano cinelerra-gg.desktop

Instead of nano you may use any editor you prefer. Now edit the display name and path, save the file and you're done.


If you need information on how to use a certain command, check out the corresponding man page. For screen, simply type man screen in terminal. Also, for some programs more detailed information, often complete manuals, can be found on the info pages (in this case: info screen). The screen man page gives the answer to your question:

screen -r

If you need to know which sessions are running, run screen -ls. Then you can reattach with screen -r <pid.tty.host>, where pid.tty.host is given by screen -ls.


Lets first check your file system for errors.

For 17.10 or older...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

For 18.04 or newer...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
open a terminal window
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/XXXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/XXXX # replacing XXXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


How to get the number of files in each directory?

Try:

find dir1 dir2 dir3 -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '%h\n' | awk '{c[$0]++} END{for (dir in c) printf "%6i %s\n",c[dir],dir}' | sort -n

If the directories are specified in $@, then use:

find "$@" -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '%h\n' | awk '{c[$0]++} END{for (dir in c) printf "%6i %s\n",c[dir],dir}' | sort -n

How it works

find dir1 dir2 dir3 -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '%h\n'

This looks for all regular files in directories dir1, dir2, and dir3.  For each file found, its directory is printed.

-maxdepth 1 (optional) tells find not to dive into subdirectories.   -type f tells find to only report on regular files.  For each file found, -printf '%h\n' tells find to print the directory that the file is in.
awk '{c[$0]++} END{for (dir in c) printf "%6i %s\n",c[dir],dir}'

This counts the number of times each directory appears on the input.  After all the input has been read, it prints the totals.

We use associative array c to count the number of times each directory is seen.  In awk, $0 is the contents of the current line being read.  c[$0] is the number of times that line has been seen so far.  c[$0]++ increments that count by one.
sort -n

This sorts the output in ascending order of file count.  (-n tells sort to sort numerically rather than alphabetically.)

Example

Let's suppose that we have these directories with these files:

$ ls dir{1..3}/*
dir1/a.txt  dir1/c.txt  dir1/e.txt      dir1/f.txt  dir2/b.txt  dir2/d.txt  dir2/f.txt  dir3/b.txt
dir1/b.txt  dir1/d.txt  dir1/file3.txt  dir2/a.txt  dir2/c.txt  dir2/e.txt  dir3/a.txt

Our command produces the output:

$ find dir1 dir2 dir3 -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '%h\n' | awk '{c[$0]++} END{for (dir in c) printf "%6i %s\n",c[dir],dir}' | sort -n
     2 dir3
     6 dir2
     7 dir1

Improvement: Adding a total row

$ find dir1 dir2 dir3 -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '%h\n' | awk '{c[$0]++} END{for (dir in c) {printf "%6i %s\n",c[dir],dir;tot+=c[dir]}; printf "%6i TOTAL",tot }' | sort -n
     2 dir3
     6 dir2
     7 dir1
    15 TOTAL

To suppress the printing of TOTAL if there is only one directory in the output:

find "$@" -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '%h\n' | awk '{c[$0]++} END{for (dir in c) {printf "%6i %s\n",c[dir],dir;tot+=c[dir]}; if (length(c)>1)printf "%6i TOTAL",tot }' | sort -n

Include empty directories in the output

To also include empty directories:

find "$@" -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '%h\n' | awk 'FNR==NR{c[$0]=0; next} {c[$0]++} END{for (dir in c) {printf "%6i %s\n",c[dir],dir;tot+=c[dir]}; if (length(c)>1)printf "%6i TOTAL",tot }' <(printf "%s\n" "$@") <(cat) | sort -n

As an example, let's consider an empty directory:

$ ls dir4

And, let's set $@:

$ set -- dir4

Now, let's run our code:

$ find "$@" -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '%h\n' | awk 'FNR==NR{c[$0]=0; next} {c[$0]++} END{for (dir in c) {printf "%6i %s\n",c[dir],dir;tot+=c[dir]}; if (length(c)>1)printf "%6i TOTAL",tot }' <(printf "%s\n" "$@") <(cat) | sort -n
     0 dir4

Let's try again with two directories:

$ set --  dir1 dir4
$ find "$@" -maxdepth 1 -type f -printf '%h\n' | awk 'FNR==NR{c[$0]=0; next} {c[$0]++} END{for (dir in c) {printf "%6i %s\n",c[dir],dir;tot+=c[dir]}; if (length(c)>1)printf "%6i TOTAL",tot }' <(printf "%s\n" "$@") <(cat) | sort -n
     0 dir4
     7 dir1
     7 TOTAL


Config test failed when restarting Apache 2

You have some typos in your configuration:

Use

<Directory />
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride  All
</Directory>

and

<Directory /var/www/>
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
    AllowOverride all
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>

After that you should see

% apachectl configtest
Syntax OK

Why? Because I've tested it on my system, especially for you. ;)


You would need to be running 64 bit kernel, or at lease the pae 32 bit version.  Please give the output of the following:

uname -a


modinfo some module problem with understanding parameter

Description can be found in linux/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Kconfig:
config DRM_I915_FORCE_PROBE
    string "Force probe driver for selected new Intel hardware"
    depends on DRM_I915
    help
      This is the default value for the i915.force_probe module
      parameter. Using the module parameter overrides this option.

      Force probe the driver for new Intel graphics devices that are
      recognized but not properly supported by this kernel version. It is
      recommended to upgrade to a kernel version with proper support as soon
      as it is available.

      Use "" to disable force probe. If in doubt, use this.

      Use "<pci-id>[,<pci-id>,...]" to force probe the driver for listed
      devices. For example, "4500" or "4500,4571".

      Use "*" to force probe the driver for all known devices.

So apparently it is a string, in which case I assume that charp means char pointer.


How to install usbserial and ftdi_sio modules to 14.04 Trusty Vagrant box?

The Linux kernel team decided to remove some modules from the base kernel to allow "virtual" images to be slimmed down. The extra modules are moved into linux-image-extra and you can get them installed by typing:

sudo apt-get install linux-image-extra-virtual


OpenVPN connects successfully but doesn't pass censorship!

Maybe you need to disable IPv6? I guess your computer is trying to connect to the website over IPv6 and you are only routing traffic via your VPN over IPv4. I encountered more or less the same problem.

You can check on: https://whatismyipaddress.com/

Afterwards, it should only show your VPN IPv4 address.


Is there a command for running a script according to its shebang line?

Yep. It is called perl. Some examples, with the corresponding interpreter in the shebang line of the file (the actual file extension doesn't matter):

perl foo.bash    # works
perl foo.lua     # works
perl foo.clisp   # works
perl foo.csh     # works
perl foo.php     # works
perl foo.gnuplot # works (no arguments)
perl foo.pl      # works (obviously)
perl foo.py      # works
perl foo.sh      # works
perl foo.tcl     # works
perl foo.rb      # works
perl foo.nodejs  # works
perl foo.r       # works
perl foo.oct     # works
perl foo.csharp  # works (no arguments)

This is mentioned in Perl's documentation:

  If the #! line does not contain the word "perl" nor the word "indir", the program named after the #! is executed instead of the Perl interpreter. This is slightly bizarre, but it helps people on machines that don't do #! , because they can tell a program that their SHELL is /usr/bin/perl, and Perl will then dispatch the program to the correct interpreter for them.


How do I confirm that VFIO is working in 20.04?

You couldn't use lsmod to show whether vfio drivers were loaded into linux kernel if the kernel already builded with the vfio drivers. But you still could see whether those drivers were built into kernel with the following commands:
# cat /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/modules.builtin | grep vfio

kernel/drivers/vfio/vfio.ko
kernel/drivers/vfio/vfio_virqfd.ko
kernel/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.ko
kernel/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio-pci.ko

This command also could help you check other built-in drivers in kernel with different driver name's pattern after "grep"


Can't SSH from virtual machine to physical machine

Given the IP, I would suspect the issue is the host machine doesnt know how to route traffic to 10.0.2.15? When initiating a SSH session from 10.0.2.15, the traffic is directed (routed) to the 192.168.102.x network by default.You can test this theory by trying to ping the 10.x.x.x machine from the 192.x.x.x machine, if it says something like network unreachable you have your answer.

In this instance a potential solution would be to amend the VM to have an address on the 192.x.x.x network, you should then be able to perform SSH from either machine.


How to setup IPsec effectively ** Whats the use of xl2tpd?

You have three separate questions here - Ask Ubuntu works best on single question and answers.

I recommend you have a read through the Man Page for ipsec. It should give you a good overview of the package and how it works.

I have no experience on setting up what you want to achieve but I was able to find this guide to set it up on 10.04, it still should be fairly relevant to 11.04 though. It details xl2tpd Since Windows default client is more than just IPSec, it uses L2TP inside of an IPSec SA, you need a daemon to handle that which is what xl2tpd will do.

As for Hotspot Shield have a read through a previous question for information on it and details on other options.


Where do I get a SIS mirage 672 vga driver?

Even though the package xserver-xorg-video-sis contains most of the SiS drivers for Xorg and will be installed automatically when you install Ubuntu, it does not yet contain proper video drivers for one or two particular SiS chipsets such as 661 and 671/2, although you might get acceptable resolutions with the fallback driver.

There is quite a detailed discussion on Launchpad about the issue and that contains links to resources that detail how to compile and install the drivers. It can take a bit of time to set up the drivers, but that Launchpad page contains the most up to date information on the current situation. There is also some very useful information and a compiled driver on this webpage from one of the active Launchpad contributors on this thread.

There is no 3d hardware acceleration (DRI) for SiS chipsets in general (apart from the very old 300 series, and even that will be very poor because of the age of the chipsets).

I discuss the SiS M650, 670 and related series of integrated GPUs in the questions below, and note that there is no 3d hardware acceleration available, but the limited video hardware acceleration (e.g. for DVD) and 2d acceleration should be usable:

How to enable 3D acceleration with Sis Vga 771/671 on Ubuntu 12.04
https://askubuntu.com/questions/179365/resolution-problem-on-12-04-sis

See my answer here relating to the problems affecting 650, 660, and 670 SiS chipsets on 12.10, which should be fixed by the time Raring Ringtail (13.04) comes out:

How to troubleshoot a “Low Graphics Mode” installer error on PC with SiS iGPU?


Put echo before mv. This will print the command instead of executing it.

As well:

Quote variables to avoid word splitting on spaces in the filenames. In this case you'll need to put quotes in quotes since you're outputting to a script.
I've never seen a .bash extension in use, so I'd prefer .sh instead for the output script.
You can't pipe directly to a file. Use output redirection > instead. If you need to use a pipe, use tee.

In sum:

for file in *.txt; do
    echo "mv '$file' '${file//beginning/end}'"
done > rename.sh


Specifying which ethernet port for apt to use

If the default gateway does not point to eth1 (or what is used for internet) enter this in the terminal:

sudo route add default gw xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx dev eth1

where the x's are your gateway, your router at home or if you only have a modem the gateway designated by your internet service provider


Suggested

The Konqueror package: https://packages.ubuntu.com/cosmic/konqueror

is suggesting package: konq-plugins - https://packages.ubuntu.com/cosmic/konq-plugins

  plugins for Konqueror, the KDE file/web/document browser

Plugins will enable lot of options:


Setting up an external encrypted drive: "device does not exist"

I am unsure why the user in the video you posted is issuing console ommands to do this setup + encryption manually. A modern Linux Distro like Ubuntu or Debian 10, I guess Fedora, Mint, etc, will all offer this in the setup of the installation as soon as you enter the partioning of disks part. There you can choose "Something else" or "Edit manually", to setup the partitions with e.g. full disk encryption. For exmaple see here: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/577379/how-can-i-install-debian-with-full-disk-encryption-and-a-custom-sized-swapfile