How to copy (or move) files from remote machine to local machine?

nullmeta's answer is completely valid, and perhaps nullmeta will edit to provide the clarification you're looking for. I'm posting a separate solution altogether to account for the situation where it may be difficult because of network structure (think NAT firewall) to simply ssh back into the local system.

Say you have two computers, ComputerA and ComputerB. ComputerA is your local workstation. ComputerB is a remote machine that you can access via ssh.

Scenario 1: If ComputerA is not behind an NAT firewall

This is a swift and easy solution, combining scp and ssh (scp performs a secure copy using ssh protocols). It requires you to have an ssh server (and client) installed on both ends (computerA and computerB).

To use this solution, run from ComputerB:

scp /path/to/file/on/ComputerB ComputerAUser@ComputerA:/path/to/dump/file/on/ComputerA

Scenario 2: If ComputerA is behind an NAT firewall

In this scenario, you would typically need to configure port-forwarding in the NAT firewall. However, you may not always have access to make these kinds of changes. In this case, you can configure your ssh tunnel from ComputerA -> ComputerB such it can tunnel reverse connections as well.

When establishing the ssh connection ComputerA -> ComputerB, do so with the -R option in the following manner. ssh ComputerBUser@ComputerB -R 2222:localhost:22 where ComputerBUser is the username for the account on ComputerB being authenticated and 2222 is a free port on ComputerB. We'll use this port to reverse-tunnel back to ComputerA from ComputerB.

Now from ComputerB, you can issue the scp command in the following manner to copy files from ComputerB -> ComputerA where ComputerAUser is your username on ComputerA:

scp -P 2222 /path/to/file/on/ComputerB ComputerAUser@localhost:/path/to/drop/file/on/computerA

What's happening here? It looks like we are simply telling ComputerB to send the file back to itself because we're passing localhost instead of ComputerA. We are indeed telling scp to pass the file back to ComputerB, but to port 2222. All connections to port 2222 on ComputerB get forwarded to port 22 (default ssh port) on ComputerA. Thus, by tunneling backwards over the existing ssh connection, it doesn't matter that ComputerA is behind an NAT firewall.

Scenario 3: perform the file copy from ComputerA

Or rather than trying to do it from ComputerB, you can just run the scp command from ComputerA.

scp ComputerBUser@ComputerB:/path/to/file/on/ComputerB /path/to/dump/file/on/ComputerA


How to bring up System settings GUI tool using Cygwin-X over SSH

Essentially, if nothing is messed up you should be able to simple do the following:
ssh -Y user@machineIP

The -Y enables trusted X11 forwarding.
Then to open the system settings program simply type:
gnome-control-center


What is the best free program to burn DVD movies from DVD movie files that are present on the hard drive the way ImgBurn does it in Windows?

I'm using K9copy, and I love it.

  k9copy provides the following features:

  The video stream can be compressed to make the video fit on any    configurable target size
  DVD Burning
  Transcode DVD using mencoder or ffmpeg with configurable presets
  Creation of ISO images
  The possibility of choosing which audio and subtitle tracks to copy
  Title preview (video only)
  The ability to preserve the original menus 1

You can get it at the USC

1Source:Ubuntu Apps Directory

Another option to create a DVD movie disk from DVD movie files present on the hard drive, Use Bombono

Bombono DVD is easy to use program for making DVD-Video. The main features of Bombono DVD are:

excellent MPEG viewer: Timeline and Monitor
real WYSIWYG Menu Editor with live thumbnails
comfortable Drag-N-Drop support
you can author to folder, make ISO-image or burn directly to DVD
reauthoring: you can import video from DVD discs. 2

2Source:Ubuntu Apps Directory


How do I hide panel handles ("hide buttons") in Gnome?

Well, it's possible - albeit a bit tricky: right click on the panel handle, choose "Properties" - "Panel Properties" starts up; here check the "Autohide" option, click "Close".

The important part here, is that "hide" doesn't work, if the panels are "collapsed" (that is, only the handles are visible on top in screen corner) - so first "expand" the top and bottom panel; then wait for a second or two - and then the panels will go upward (or downward, respectively) outside of the screen, and so will finally be completely hidden for view :)

Hope this helps someone.


Do I have a rootkit? suckit detected in /sbin/init & chkutmp errors

chkrootkit does not do full checks for additional files with "Suckit rootkit", so this is almost certainly a false-positive if rkhunter does not detect the Suckit rootkit as being present on the machine in question, as rkhunter does do additional checks for these additional files which will be present on the system when it is infected with Suckit rootkit.

Read this for more information on chkrootkit detecting Suckit Rootkit's presence on the system, when in fact it is not present on the system: https://askubuntu.com/a/25179/364819


VirtualBox Ubuntu 18.04 VM showing small window and no shared folders are upgrade from 16.04

There is no error message - that's the stdout you get from installing GA. Have you checked your shared folders are correctly mounted?

From host (MacOS in my example)
$ VBoxManage showvminfo mcs
<<snip>>
Shared folders:

Name: 'mcs', Host path: '/Volumes/WD4TB/mcs' (machine mapping), writable, auto-mount
Name: 'active', Host path: '/Volumes/WD4TB/mcs/complete' (machine mapping), writable, auto-mount
Name: 'archive', Host path: '/Volumes/My Book' (machine mapping), writable, auto-mount

On VM
sudo mount -o defaults,uid=1000,gid=$(getent group docker | cut -d: -f3) -t vboxsf mcs /media/sf_mcs
sudo mount -o defaults,uid=1000,gid=$(getent group docker | cut -d: -f3) -t vboxsf active /media/sf_active
sudo mount -o defaults,uid=1000,gid=$(getent group docker | cut -d: -f3) -t vboxsf archive /media/sf_archive


Apache2 Syntax error, can't access 000-default

Firstly, having VirtualHost(s) inside the config file is a bad move, (I'm not even sure it's possible) the whole idea of sites-enabled is to have your VirtualHosts in different files in that folder, and simply use

a2ensite default
a2dissite 000-default

With this said, you can try remove the VirtualHost-block in your config file and make (or edit) the default file in sites-enabled. Make sure you restart apache.

I assume the file you posted is /<some-dir>/apache2/apache2.conf

However, the file you posted above doesn't look anything like the config files I've seen for apache. Can't help you on that one.


What is nss-myhostname? And why is it not installable?

There is a confirmed bug logged against systemd-hostnamed saying;

  Since nss-myhostname was rejected as being the right approach in https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libnss-myhostname/+bug/1162478/comments/6 , we should not print the warning message in the LTS release, even if hostnamed doesn't currently modify /etc/hosts.

  Can we please patch this warning out to prevent users from thinking something is wrong on their system and leading them to install libnss-myhostname?.

Even though it may avoid the warning, you may not want to install libnss-myhostname for that purpose only.

Any body seeing the message

 systemd-hostnamed
[16495]: Warning: nss-myhostname is not installed. Changing the local hostname might make it unresolveable. Please install nss-myhostname!

must read this https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/systemd/+bug/1277608 this https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libnss-myhostname/+bug/1162478/comments/6 before installing the nss-myhostname package.


Skype update error when running apt update

According to https://repo.skype.com/, run:

curl https://repo.skype.com/data/SKYPE-GPG-KEY | sudo apt-key add -

in a terminal.


Is it possible to hide Netbeans title bar like Firefox in Gnom 3?

No, it is not. Netbeans, and all Java applications that use Swing toolkit draw their widgets on their own, without guidance from window manager (as is the case with Qt or GTK). So, you can not hide parts of the GUI, change fonts or colors, automate clicks and so on, unless the application directly supports it, which Netbeans, I think, do not. This is one of the reasons people dislike Swing.


If you just want to try out the new Unity, I would recommend you to download the latest 12.10 daily build and create a bootable medium out of it. Then you can boot from it and try out the new Unity without messing up your stable system.


unable to log in to user with encrypted home directory

"That file" (~/.pam_environment) is unavailable until you mount and decrypt you8r home directory!

Once you've booted a Live CD, you can gain read/write access with mount -o remount,rw <device> command, then follow these instructions.


You can also simply edit the server.xml file of Tomcat, and add a new Connector node with this configuration:

<Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />

This will allow you access the application as http://www.domain_name.com/AppName. If you would like to drop the AppName part, you can publish the application as a ROOT application.

For a website though, it is a good idea to use an Apache or an nginx server as a reverse proxy to Tomcat, and also use them for serving static content.

In this case, you do not need to use the software as a ROOT application, as you can proxy that part of the URL too.


Configure Multiple Network Cards for ubuntu server

Could you post the contents of your /etc/network/interfaces, as it probobly will explain how you want your server set up.

I would do this, if I understand your problem right:

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The network interfaces that you want to start
auto eth0 eth1 eth2
# Your static interface
iface eth0 inet static
      address ...
      netmask ...
      ...
# Your other interfacese that is set up through dhcp
iface eth1 inet dhcp
iface eth2 inet dhcp


Will deja dup or any other backup program work with Charter Cloud Drive?

Once you get all the necessary information from Charter Communications, you can accomplish it.  This statement is from the charter website:

"Charter Cloud Drive provides you with unlimited storage space and is accessed through either http://clouddrive.charter.net (including by a Smartphone web browser) or desktop software."

Go into System Settings, and click on Backup.  That will bring up the backup interface.

Click on the Storage Tab,

and choose your Backup Location


How can I install Skype on 32-bit Ubuntu 14.04?

Since July 1 there is no 32bit version of Skype anymore (source).

You can use the webclient or you have to upgrade to 64bit.


How to place window controls in chromium/chrome to the left side?

Looks like you have not enabled setting "Use System Title-bar and Borders".

Go to Settings in Chrome/Chromium > Search for this option and check-mark it.

Update

While above solution will use native window frame, if you want to avoid using that, you can have a look at this answer. If it still doesn't solve the problem, I believe it is something to do with OpenBox which doesn't use Metacity decorator.


Installed applications are not working or unable to uninstall

snap & apt are different tools
apt manages packages (debian-type packages as ubuntu uses)
snap allows to install software in another way
some software is available in both formats and then you should use one or the other
to remove a snap : sudo snap remove
to install a snap : sudo snap install
some snaps require the --classic option when installing : sudo snap install sublime-text --classic
list installed snaps : sudo snap list


how do I set permissions in a RAID 1data hard drive?

Use this code.

mount -ro remount,rw /

Replace / with the directory you've mounted your partition to.  It'll remount it with read write privileges.


How can I force ubuntu to use font A instead font B in all applications and web pages?

I use this content in ~/.fonts.conf to replace several fonts with Ubuntu

<!--?xml version="1.0"?>-->
<!--DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">-->
<!-- ~/.fonts.conf for per-user font configuration -->
<fontconfig>
<alias>
    <family>sans-serif</family>
    <prefer>
        <family>Ubuntu</family>
    </prefer>
</alias>
<alias>
    <family>monospace</family>
    <prefer>
        <family>Ubuntu Mono</family>
    </prefer>
</alias>
<match>
    <test name="family"><string>Arial</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
        <string>Ubuntu</string>
        <string>Arial</string>
    </edit>
</match>
<match>
    <test name="family"><string>helvetica</string></test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
        <string>Ubuntu</string>
        <string>Helvetica</string>
    </edit>
</match>

</fontconfig>


How can I find out the temperature components are running at in 14.04?

Look up for lm-sensors and psensor. Those will give you a command line output as well as a GUI for your laptop.

Here is a good tutorial how to use lm-sensors: lm-sensors Howto


Upgrading from Kubuntu to Ubuntu via CLI

You want to switch to ubuntu from the command line right?

You must first update Kubuntu and then switch to the default desktop environment:

Upgrade Kubuntu:

do-release-upgrade
Install GNOME and gdm3:

sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop gnome-shell gdm3

A "Default display manager" menu should appear. Choose gdm3 as default and reboot system.

After the system restarts, it will be received by the GDM. Choose Ubuntu as your desktop environment.

If you want to remove kubuntu, you must follow these commands:

sudo apt autoremove plasma* sddm

sudo apt autoremove kde* qml-module-org-kde* libkf5kdelibs4support* libkf5libkdepim* software-properties-kde xdg-desktop-portal-kde libkde* konsole

After that you should have your Ubuntu system working properly.


X is your display server that shows all the graphics on your screen. See more on Wikipedia about Xorg.


What is a TCP wrapper and how do I use it?

TCP Wrapper is a host-based Networking ACL system, used to filter
  network access to Internet. TCP wrappers was original written to
  monitor and stop cracking activities on the UNIX workstation in 90s.
  It was best solution in 90s to protect the UNIX workstations over the
  Internet. However it has few disadvantages:

  All UNIX apps must be compiled with the libwrap library.
  The wrappers do not work with RPC services over TCP.
  The user name lookup feature of TCP Wrappers uses identd to identify
  the username of the remote host. By default, this feature is
  disabled, as identd may appear hung when there are large number of
  TCP connections.

  However, it has one strong advantage over firewall. It works on the
  application layer. It can filter requests when encryption is used.
  Basically, you need to use both host based and network based security.
  Common services such as pop3, ftp, sshd, telnet, r-services are
  supported by TCP Wrappers.

Source:NIX CRAFT


Black screen with cursor booting after trying to install AMDGPU drivers

I fixed it by logging into the terminal and running sudo aptitude. Inside there I used the “g” option which allows you to remove packages and it was able to remove everything that was not satisfied by dependencies.

What a pain. But so grateful I didn’t have to reinstall Linux mint all over again.


(sorry I cannot comment yet)

There are a few options to break a bios:
http://www.wikihow.com/Break-a-BIOS-Password

Obviously a fresh install is recommended.
Personally, I had a bad experience upgrading from 12 to 14.
Some suggest to upgrade to 13 and then to 14.


Consider using ionice which will make fstrim yield to IO operations from other programs. I have a daily cronjob like this:

sudo cat /etc/cron.daily/fstrim

#!/bin/sh
ionice -c2 -n7 nice -n 19 fstrim /


I was experiencing a similar issue with 16.04 on latest Dell XPS 13 (9350). To resolve it, I ran alsamixer from cli, selected the "Headphone" channel using arrow keys, then pressing "M" to unmute (indicated by a status of "MM"). I had to also increase volume on this same channel. There was an additional channel that was causing distortion/interference once my headphones were unmuted, so I lowered that. Everything is fine after this, though I'm no longer prompted to identify the input device like I used to be on 14.04, which isn't a bad thing if it knows it's a headset.


How to set custom keyboard shortcuts from terminal?

Adding shortcut keybindings in two steps from the command line (14.04+)

Adding custom shortcuts from the command line can be done, but is a bit complicated; it needs to be done in a few steps per keybinding. On the other hand, it is pretty straightforward and can very well be scripted if you somehow want to do it from the command line (that was the question, right?).

Just like in your interface (System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts"), Custom keyboard shortcuts are made from command line in two steps:

create the keybinding by editing (adding to-) the list that is returned by the command:

gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings

The returned list looks like (if it were only one shortcut currently):

['/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/']

Apply the edited list by the command:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings "[<altered_list>]"

(mind the double quotes)

N.B. No need to say that the mention in the list (e.g. custom1, custom2) should be a unique one. If you script it, the script should prevent duplicates. In this case the edited list should look like e.g.:

['/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/', '/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/']

to add one keybinding: custom1
set its properties:

name:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/ name '<newname>'

command:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/ command '<newcommand>'

Key combination (for example <Primary><Alt>g):

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybinding:/org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom1/ binding '<key_combination>'

Useful information can be found here

Example script to set a new custom shortcut

The script below can be used to set a new shortcut key combination from the command line. It can be used with the command (assuming the key combination is available):

python3 /path/to/script.py '<name>' '<command>' '<key_combination>'

An example:

To set a shortcut key combination to open gedit with the key combination Alt+7:

python3 /path/to/script.py 'open gedit' 'gedit' '<Alt>7'

The script:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import sys

# defining keys & strings to be used
key = "org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys custom-keybindings"
subkey1 = key.replace(" ", ".")[:-1]+":"
item_s = "/"+key.replace(" ", "/").replace(".", "/")+"/"
firstname = "custom"
# get the current list of custom shortcuts
get = lambda cmd: subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd]).decode("utf-8")
array_str = get("gsettings get "+key)
# in case the array was empty, remove the annotation hints
command_result = array_str.lstrip("@as")
current = eval(command_result)
# make sure the additional keybinding mention is no duplicate
n = 1
while True:
    new = item_s+firstname+str(n)+"/"
    if new in current:
        n = n+1
    else:
        break
# add the new keybinding to the list
current.append(new)
# create the shortcut, set the name, command and shortcut key
cmd0 = 'gsettings set '+key+' "'+str(current)+'"'
cmd1 = 'gsettings set '+subkey1+new+" name '"+sys.argv[1]+"'"
cmd2 = 'gsettings set '+subkey1+new+" command '"+sys.argv[2]+"'"
cmd3 = 'gsettings set '+subkey1+new+" binding '"+sys.argv[3]+"'"

for cmd in [cmd0, cmd1, cmd2, cmd3]:
    subprocess.call(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd])

How to use:

Paste the script into an empty file, save it as set_customshortcut.py, run it as explained above.

Some of the mostly used key mentions (found experimentally, looking into the changes the GUI way made into the binding value):

Super key:                 <Super>
Control key:               <Primary> or <Control>
Alt key:                   <Alt>
Shift key:                 <Shift>
numbers:                   1 (just the number)
Spacebar:                  space
Slash key:                 slash
Asterisk key:              asterisk (so it would need `<Shift>` as well)
Ampersand key:             ampersand (so it would need <Shift> as well)

a few numpad keys:
Numpad divide key (`/`):   KP_Divide
Numpad multiply (Asterisk):KP_Multiply
Numpad number key(s):      KP_1
Numpad `-`:                KP_Subtract

etc.


Ctrl + Alt + Delete doesn't bring up Log out screen

If you're willing, Switchboard has an excellent keyboard shortcut configurator built-in.

Switchboard is the "System Settings" app for Elementary OS. You can get the source at the link below and compile for your system according to the instructions in the "INSTALL" file once you extract the archive:

https://launchpad.net/switchboard/+download

IMPORTANT

Make sure you have all the dependencies they list in the install file installed before running any of those commands.

ALTERNATIVELY, you may opt to simply install it from the elementary ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:elementary-os/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install switchboard

Open a terminal and run whoami. Let the output to this command be denoted <user>

Once installed, navigate to the "Keyboards" section. Then under shortcuts, click on custom enter pkill -KILL -u <user> by typing it out (no copy and paste) and pressing ENTER.

It will be disabled by default. Click on disabled and then just press the key combination you want to use.

WARNING

I'm not sure if this method will ensure all your work is saved before logging you out. So please look into this before using it, maybe ask another question here for that.

Although, I'm not sure just clicking on Log Out on the panel ensures your work is saved either...

For more information on this process, see:

https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-logout-user-howto/

and

https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/howto-linux-kill-and-logout-users.html


Can't upgrade packages, it gets stuck on openjdk-6-jre-headless

This is in fact a well known bug with t1.micro instances on EC2

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ec2/+bug/634487

Note that this is fixed in US-WEST-2:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-ec2/+bug/634487/comments/69


Letter accents, Ubuntu Studio 20.10, KDE Plasma, Lenovo P14s

Maybe there is a bug with the KDE Plasma implementation in Ubuntu Studio 20.10. For instance, oss-sundeadkeys might not be the same as oss_sundeadkeys. Or maybe I am doing something wrong somewhere.
I'll keep checking here for help, but in the meantime I'll have my system automatically run the terminal command setxkbmap -variant oss-sundeadkeys upon reboot or startup.
EDIT: I've modified the terminal command upon reboot or startup to be : setxkbmap -option compose:lwin -variant oss-sundeadkeys because doing so adds accents for capital letters via compose key which I would not have even if my keyboard had been working properly with accents (I still need setxkbmap -option oss-sundeadkeys to have circumflex letters such as ê, â, î, ô, û). And I thank 24601 and B. Tanner again for their help, because without their suggestions I would not have otherwise configured the compose key today. Incidentally, the setxkbmap -option compose:lwin command is necessary despite this being available as a system configuration option for the compose key with KDE Plasma. As with my desired keyboard variant there seems to be  a problem which negates the changes made for compose key in system configuration; those compose key changes work, initially, but soon stop working.
In case this helps anyone else, here is the output from $ setxkbmap -query which now seems to persist without requiring another execution of setxkbmap -option compose:lwin -variant oss-sundeadkeys during a session :
rules:      evdev
model:      thinkpad60
layout:     fr,fr
variant:    oss-sundeadkeys
options:    compose:lwin
Grazie !!!


I found that if you log out and then shut down from the login screen, this problem does not occur. But that is a workaround, rather than a solution. :(


Ubuntu 16 bridge created but can't browse website

Tiger4020 got the issue. Your nameserver is yourself/localhost/127.0.0.1. Unless you're running a DNS server on that box just set it to your router IP (if it supports that) or just point it to a free public DNS server at 8.8.8.8 If you statically configure IP settings in network manager set DNS there. If you did it manually add a dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 line to your /etc/network/interfaces config file


Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop Not Treating .JPG Extension As An Image; Doesn't Create Thumbnail

The nautilus file manager requires the image size icon to have a minimum height in order to create a thumbnail preview.  While within the nautilus window increase the size using CTRL +


Very Important : When running a dual-boot setup with Windows be sure to disable Fast Boot as Windows will lockdown drivers for the system and uses a what is called hiberfile instead of regular booting up to save time, this can cause data corruption and boot up problrems when you try to boot up through Ubuntu.


Firefox not displaying properly after updates -- how repair?

The problem was caused by my desktop running a high-contrast theme. It is necessary to tell Firefox to ignore this, ironically, in order to see elements on the page.

Do this by going to Firefox options menu and look for: preferences > general > fonts and colours : colours : Override the colours specified by the page with your selections above ... and select Never.

Solution was found here.


Fresh install on SSD with Ubuntu and Windows Vista, using whole disk encryption for Ubuntu

1) Install windows first

2) I would recommend just encrypting your /home directory since this functionality is built directly into the installer and is easy for new users to setup.

3) See #2

4) No performance difference with dual-booting just avoid using WUBI.

5) Make sure your /home where all your user data is stored is encrypted.


Your command above is a little bit strange. Is it two commands or one?
If one command, then source itself is a command. If you want to use it there, then you should give && (command after && will be executed next to before command) before source.
If two commands, then your quotation marks probably incorrect. The correct form of your commands will be:
First command
sudo sh -c "echo export MSF_DATABASE_CONFIG=/opt/metasploit-framework/database.yml >> /etc/profile"

Explanation: this command does concatenation (text insertion) with the text "export MSF_DATABASE_CONFIG=/opt/metasploit-framework/database.yml" into your /etc/profile. The text will be placed at new line.
Second command
source /etc/profile

Explanation: this command tells bash to use configuration inside the new /etc/profile.
Take care about the quotation marks. CMIIW.


I have solved the problem.
I found the printer again and set it up. Then it worked fine, and I deleted the "old" printer from the printer overview and made the "new" one standard.


Oracle Java contains some additional closed-source features like the webstart browser plugin and a few more which are not included in the completely open-source OpenJDK implementation.

However, the IcedTea project provided an additional open-source package that adds the webstart functionality to OpenJDK.

So to run Java applets in any browser (Firefox has nothing to do with that), you need to

either install the proprietary Oracle Java implementation via a PPA that includes the browser plugin,
or install the additional icedtea-8-plugin package that adds an open-source browser plugin for the open-source OpenJDK Java implementation, with both packages being provided by the official Ubuntu repositories.

Possibly interesting further read: Why isn't Oracle Java included in the standard Ubuntu repo?


Support for TP-Link Archer T9UH on 16.04 LTS

This fork is the solution - it will add the TP-Link device id.
After install the module I needed to insert the 8814au in /etc/modules to get the module loaded at boot time.


unable to install VLC player through ubuntu software centre

simplest solution is that you download the installation package from VLC offical site

And install the downloaded package by double-click.


I believe that one of the partition tables is corrupted or inconsistent.  I strongly advise backing up any important data immediately before attempting any repair.

To delve a little deeper you can try running parted (not gparted) on the drive and see if it gives you any more information.  parted tends to dump the data to the screen in a more raw format, whereas gparted tries to display it nicely and may not be able to show anything if one of the tables is corrupted.

Open a terminal windows and just type

parted

It will complain that you are not root.  That is OK, we don't want to edit or change anything anyway.

It will display some basic information including what device it is currently looking at.  This should be /dev/sda.  The prompt will be just

(parted)

type the following to get a list of what parted thinks are the partitions on the current device:

print

You should get a list that looks something like the following:

(parted) print
Model: ATA MAXTOR STM325031 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 250GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number  Start   End     Size    Type      File system     Flags
 1      32.3kB  21.0GB  21.0GB  primary   ext4            boot
 2      21.0GB  41.9GB  21.0GB  primary   ext4
 3      41.9GB  250GB   208GB   extended
 5      41.9GB  44.1GB  2147MB  logical   linux-swap(v1)
 6      44.1GB  250GB   206GB   logical   ext4

Paste this text table back into your question if you wish.

Update:

Given that we've now established that there appears to be a problem with your partition table, I hesitate to make any recommendation because these these usually end very badly.

You might want to have a look at this very good article on Ubuntu Forums where this exact problem is discussed.  Maybe you can get your most critical data files onto a cloud backup server for recovery later.  Ubuntu one is a free service up to a certain limit; just be sure that your data really is backed up and that you can access it when you need to.


Import the login theme from 11.10 to 11.04?

From the terminal:
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:lightdm-team/ppa
sudo apt-get install lightdm lightdm-greeter-example-gtk
You will be presented with the option of having lightdm as your default login screen or being able to switch between the two, it is your choice. See more information here.


How to check validity of an Ubuntu installation via debootstrap?

The validity of the packages is checked against a keyring which can be explicitly specified with the --keyring=KEYRING option of debootstrap (see man debootstrap for details).

If omitted debootstrap uses system keyrings which you can easily install with [name]-keyring packages in synaptic/apt-get and (only slightly more complicated) from source.

If debootstrap tells you that the package is valid there's a high change that it is. If you mistrust debootstrap or a library which it uses for the validation, you need to perform a sophisticated security review based on the source code.


dkms: rebuild kernel module for manually installed upstrem kernel

Besides installing the linux-image-... package, you also need linux-headers-... . After installation of the headers, the modules for that kernel should be build automatically. If not, manually trigger a installation of modules for the current loaded kernel:

sudo dkms autoinstall -k $(uname -r)


My computer is now just a grub terminal and I need to boot from flash drive

Edit: I don't know why I didn't realize you can load up mint...
I assume you're operating a dual-boot system. My understanding is that there are some circumstances under which Windows won't operate if you turn off Secure Boot, and if you want to turn it back on later, maybe your computer has to be reset to factory (sounds ugly). I read somewhere that what works for a dual boot is to have CSM disabled and Secure Boot enabled.

That said, being as you were previously running fine and, following an upgrade, you're getting Secure Boot, I'm thinking you upgraded your kernel as well (?). So, what follows is based on this assumption.

From your live usb (or cd if it came down to it), open a terminal (ctrl-alt-t) and type

sudo fdisk -l

To be sure, that's a lower case "L".

This will list your devices, marking root with an asterisk (*).
It should look something like this:

Device     Boot    Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *        2048 50857983 50855936 24.3G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       50860030 52426751  1566722  765M  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       50860032 52426751  1566720  765M 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Now do:

 sudo mkdir mnt
 sudo mount /dev/sda1 mnt
 sudo mount --bind /dev mnt/dev
 sudo mount --bind /proc mnt/proc
 sudo mount --bind /sys mnt/sys
 sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf mnt/etc/resolv.conf
 sudo chroot mnt

At this point, it should change your prompt to something like:

  root@ubuntu:/#

do:

  apt-get install linux-image-generic

It's possible this is part of the problem, so maybe you need to install linux-signed-image-generic instead

And for good measure:

update-grub
exit
sudo umount mnt/sys
sudo umount mnt/proc
sudo umount mnt/dev
sudo umount mnt

That last set of "umount" commands is important. Don't forget to un-mount things you've manually mounted.

Now reboot (remember to remove your live media).

As with kernel, you may need a signed grub. Shim is a program that's designed to chain-load signed bootloaders, so maybe shim is the thing you need to install/update/kiss on the forehead and check it's temperature. Generally, I've seen updating grub work, without having to install a new image. When it comes to shim or a signed operating system, I'm frankly a little further out of my depth.

Secure boot generally means your system is trying to load something that doesn't have the signatures it's looking for.

If you're loading to the grub command line, and not the grub rescue command line (the latter literally says "grub rescue" at the prompt), try typing exit to see how that goes. If it gives you a normal grub screen, you'll be able to load up the operating system. If you're able to do that, open a terminal and do sudo update-grub. I can't promise this is your solution, though.

Another thing you can try (mind you, this could present a security risk) is opening up your BIOS and turning off "Secure Boot".

Here's an article on how to load your root file system from the grub command line. Again, no promises, but it gives you something to try.


cannot start graphical programs with sudo

You don't need to use sudo or gksudo to open Synaptic. Just search for Synaptic in the Dash, and click on the Synaptic icon. You will be asked to authenticate with your user password in order to open Synaptic.

You don't need to use sudo or gksudo to open Gedit. It is a bad idea anyway as it can cause data corruption. Instead use sudo nano from the terminal. Nano is terminal program, so it runs from the terminal instead of from a graphical user interface. You can also use vi instead of nano, but nano is easier to use.

You don't need to open XTerm as root. Instead open XTerm and use the sudo command in XTerm the same way you would in the default Ubuntu Terminal application.


Fn+F2 does not switch WIFI on/off on Asus 1015e

Until this issue is fixed with newer updates, you may use "xbindkeys" tool to set a hotkey (can be a single key or a key-combination) of your choice to toggle the WiFi enabled/disabled. This is how.

1) First, we create a script (for ease of use, and so that we can toggle it on/off using the same hotkey) -

    #!/bin/bash
    # Script to toggle the wireless blocked/unblocked

    # index no. of phy interface
    IFACE=`rfkill list all | grep phy | cut -c 1`

    # WiFi block state 0=active, 1=blocked
    BLOCKED=`rfkill list all | grep -iA1 phy | grep -ic soft.*yes`

    if [ $BLOCKED -eq 1 ]; then
        rfkill unblock $IFACE

    else
        rfkill block $IFACE
    fi

Copy-paste the contents of the above box in a text file and save this file in your Home directory with the name wifitoggle.sh. Make sure the file starts with (without double quotes) "#!/bin/bash" and ends with the "fi" being its last line.

2) Make the script executable:

    chmod +x wifitoggle.sh

3) Create a symlink to this script in /bin directory:

    sudo ln -s $HOME/wifitoggle.sh /bin

B. Bind the Script with a HotKey of your choice :

1) Install xbindkeys-config (a GUI frontend to xbindkeys - the program that captures and binds hotkeys with commands)

    sudo apt-get install xbindkeys-config

2) Create a default config file for it (else it would crash on key capture step)

    xbindkeys --defaults > ~/.xbindkeysrc

3) Run the program from the terminal (because it does not create a launcher in Unity dash)

    xbindkeys-config

Leave the terminal running in the background. In the GUI box that opens, 3 example shortcuts are already present. You may leave them.

4) Click on "New" button at the bottom of the GUI.

5) In the right hand pane of the GUI, fill in a suitable name in the "Name" field, e.g. "Toggle Wifi"

6) Click on "Get Key" button. This will open a tiny blank box doing nothing but waiting for your input.

7) Press the desired key (or key combination) that you want for toggling Wifi on/off. For example, "F3" key (as it remains mostly unused). The tiny box will disappear and the key will be recorded.

8) In the "Action" field, type this -

    /bin/bash /bin/wifitoggle.sh

9) Click on "Apply" button and test the hotkey to see if it works as expected.

10) Click on "Save & Apply & Exit" to save the new hotkey to the default file and exit.

From now on, as soon as you will press this key or the key-combination, the wifi will change its state from On to Off, or Off to On.

The Fn key doesn't seem to be noticed by any key capture program I could find (probably that's why it is considered "Hardware Switch"), so it's not possible to use it yet.

I'd request that you submit a bug report against the problem, and point to this thread as a possible workaround. I have not found an applicable bug, so you will probably need to file a new one: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/


Ubuntu 15.10/14.04 didn't dual boot w/Win 10 on Acer Aspire

It sounds like Windows or your computer's BIOS has kicked GRUB off. Newer PC's that come with Windows 8+ generally have an option (secure boot, enabled by default) that will check the boot loader before it can start up your computer, and if it doesn't have a certificate for that boot loader, it will not be allowed to start up the computer. This is handy because it makes it much harder for rootkits to corrupt your startup process, but it can also make it harder to dual boot with other OS's, in this case, Linux. (More info here.) I'm guessing this is why you're having trouble. I would try going into your UEFI configuration (the more modern BIOS), disable secure boot, and see if it then allows Linux to boot, although you might have to reinstall GRUB to test this, the process for which I'll explain later on. If it works, you can either leave secure boot off or try to figure out how to add a secturity certificate for GRUB so you can enjoy the security of secure boot plus the versatility of a dual-boot computer. (I've never done this, so I'm not sure how hard it is.)

For fixing/reinstalling GRUB, I generally use GRUB Customizer, which allows you to tweak GRUB with a GUI rather than from the terminal. Boot from a USB drive or live CD and you should be able to make changes to GRUB on your hard drive. To install it, run these commands in the terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

After installation, it can be run from the terminal (sudo grub-customizer) or from the Unity dash. Make sure it's set to work on your hard drive and not on your USB drive; use GParted or lsblk to check your drive letters if you're not sure. As it starts up, it should detect all your bootable operating systems: Ubuntu, Advanced options for Ubuntu, Windows, and possibly also memtest86+. If there's something missing, I'm afraid I can't help you much. If, however, everything shows up, you can change the names, order, general settings, and appearance settings to suit your preferences, then select File > Save and File > Install to MBR (make sure it's targeting your hard drive). This should ensure that this GRUB configuration is installed as the first boot loader on your hard drive. If GRUB is already installed to the MBR, I think that save should be all that you need to do to apply changes, but I'm not entirely sure.

With that, it should be fine unless Windows attempts to reinstall its own boot loader before GRUB, but on my dual-booting desktop, I haven't had that problem.


PAM is reponsible for the ecryptfs decryption task when a user logins, so it's most likely related to the fingerprint reader.

Check the for the ecryptfs options defined at /etc/pam.d/ , you may need to tweak them.


System specs and installed programs/drivers relevant to your situation would go a long way in helping anyone diagnose the problem.


Web app installation wizard can't write into data/config.php file

As info error "Cannot Write into data/congig.php", You can check permission Of User setup and allow permission for folder data with command:

chmod -R 777 data

If you want change permission of User with command:

chown -R user:user data

So maybe it will help you.


PostgreSQL User Authorization/Configuration Issues

Where the pg_hba.conf file resides:

pg_hba.conf is in /etc/postgresql/X.Y/main/ (where X.Y is your version, 9.3 for you, 9.4 for me).

"Missing" programs:

pg_ctl may not be installed by default. initdb may also not be installed by default.  Both are installable by postgres-xc.

Adding users so they can be authorized:

You'll have to add a user/role in via the psql command line client.  You'll then have to add the user to pg_hba.conf.

I suggest using pgadmin3, a graphical interface/program, to work with user roles and adding them.  It allows you to specifically select the individual permissions you want to give a user globally (which should usually be no special permissions, just to create the user, and give permissions for a given DB separately).

Configuring pg_hba.conf

This can be a little tricky.  Once you've got a user login role, you need to add them to pg_hba.conf.  The format of the file is fully explained in detail in the PosgreSQL documentation.  A short summary is here.

Unless there is a matching line here, the default access rule is "deny access".

This is the format of a pg_hba.conf line:

TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD

type is the type of connection.  Local connections from the same computer get the local type.  Connections from a non-local IP (i.e. over TCP) get the host type.  hostnossl can be used instead, and will identify any network connection to it (i.e. non-local) that is not over SSL.  hostssl can be used to specify any network connection that is over SSL, however it is not default to have SSL set up.

database is self-explanatory - what database do you want to set these access permissions/restrictions to.  A special database type is all which indicates all databases.

user is the username / role that you've added to Postgres.  It has to exist within postgres, and it may need to exist as a local system user (however that's explained in where I explain METHOD).

ADDRESS is an IPv4 or IPv6 address or range.  It is only to be used when host, hostnossl, or hostssl are specified under type.  It can be a CIDR range or an individual IP address.

METHOD is how to handle authentication.

For a local user with the local type, it should be peer authentication, or md5 authentication if you want the user to be able to login from a different local computer user account with a password.
For a host, hostssl, or hostnossl connection type, you probably want to use md5 here, however you may have other types of authentication (see the documentation link above).
Under no circumstances unless you are insane or really know what you are doing should you use the trust method.  This has zero authentication of the person and is a security hole from Hell, even for local type connections.

I advise you to read through the linked documentation on the pg_hba.conf file, it's a better explanation of things.


Regarding Werner Jaeger's PPA: l2tp-ipsec-vpn seems to be in normal quantal/universe repository now, so you don't need adding any special PPA for it...


Can I Install torcs 1.3.3 from Ubuntu 12.10 repo on Ubuntu 12.04 by directly downloading the .deb packages?

I don't recommend downloading .deb files off the internet when they are available in the repositories.

You can install Torcs 1.3.3 just by running:

sudo apt-get install torcs

Make sure you've enabled the universe repositories: How do I enable the "Universe" repository from the command line?

Was there any special reason you wanted to use this site?


Is there a window switcher for GNOME that shows the actual window?

You can use the Coverflow Alt-Tab extension for GNOME shell. It's a

  Replacement of Alt-Tab, iterates through windows in a cover-flow manner.

Refer to this for installing and managing GNOME extensions: How do I install and manage GNOME Shell extensions?

Another alternative would be using the Alt+Esc combination. It doesn't show any overlay or provide anything fancy, it just switches to the next window and so on.


Persistent "disk will be checked..." in the message of the day (motd) even after reboot

This is a known bug in Ubuntu 11.04 and apparently still exists in 12.04 LTS. What happens is what you described: you keep getting the notification even though there is nothing wrong with your hard drive and no checks are scheduled/will be done.

It's caused by the /usr/lib/update-notifier/update-motd-fsck-at-reboot script generating a /var/lib/update-notifier/fsck-at-reboot file with a timestamp in the future. The previous link has a convoluted solution from one of the Ubuntu maintainers (Steve Langasek), but it may be simplest to just do this:

Open a terminal with Ctrl-Alt-T
Type:

sudo rm /var/lib/update-notifier/fsck-at-reboot

Exit the terminal and reboot (or logout/login).


How to concatenate files found by the find command in bash

The command to achieve the desired result is:

find . -name "configuration_dev.txt" -exec cat > testing.txt {} +

A good explanation of the above line is provided here: What is meaning of {} + in find's -exec command?


Post-Ubuntu 12.10 Windows Install on Dual Hard Drives

I did that very thing...first disconnect the Linux Hard drive, and only have the second drive.  Go to Bios, and make sure it boots first with DVD/CD drive.  Put in the OS disk, if you have one, then start up the computer. tell the machine to install on all the disk.
when all is said and done, remove the disk, start up the machine, press f12 frequently, it should show both drives, you can decide which you want....


how to install eclipse .tar.gz with dual boot at windows?

You have to extract "eclipse.tar.gz" and run "eclipse".
No installation needed.
Also I suggest to extract it to your home folder (Linux) or C:\ (Windows).


Printer Idle status in Ubuntu 64bit with Canon LBP6000

Try running the following commands after turning on the machine,

sudo pkill -9 -x ccpd
sudo pkill -9 -x captmoncnabc
sudo /etc/init.d/ccpd start
/etc/init.d/ccpd status

If it still does not print, try turning off and on the printer once.


Can't run Sikulix 1.1.0 on Ubuntu 15.10 with crontab

You need to capture the elusive crontab output so you can see what it is complaining about.

Add -x to your shebang for verbose output in your script:
#!/bin/sh -x
Set the cron job to execute more frequently while you troubleshoot it:
*/1 * * * * root /home/absolute/runsikulix -r /home/absolute/auto/test.sikuli

Crontab should be logging to /var/log/syslog by default.  Run a grep CRON /var/log/syslog and check the output.  If you see your job executing then you can tail -f the syslog when cron runs and see what it is complaining about.

If the output is not verbose enough you can reconfigure cron to output to a log file following these instructions.  This is the "proper" way to do that:

Configuring crontab to log to a file...

This should show you each step that crontab is executing so you can see where its failing.  I will note that crontab's environment is pretty slim and you should be using full instead of relative paths in your script since any binaries you call out may or may not be available in your path when it runs.   Crontab is funny like that.  To get around this you can either add paths to your script:

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

...or you can call out each binary using it's full path:

/bin/echo "say something" && /bin/which java

You can also call a user's environment inline:

0 5 * * * . /root/.profile; /home/absolute/runsikulix -r /home/absolute/auto/test.sikuli

Here is a sample script in Ruby template format that runs under root's crontab that illustrates some workarounds for dealing with the environment issues:

master-commender.erb


Can i emulate a CD-ROM through a USB cable to another computer?

Afaik, you need hardware that supports USB OtG at least in "device" mode.

Most Android phones are designed to show their USB port as "mass storage" to a PC (nowadays it is more used with MTP protocol anyway, but the hardware is still there), and you can do what you need with an app called DriveDroid.

Such hardware is able to emulate ethernet (it is used for USB tethering, for example), and other things like a cd, a ethernet modem, and other stuff that is mostly used by 3g-4g usb dongles (modems).
The kernel feature that allows this is called "usb gadget" https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/usb/gadget_configfs.txt

Also look for Gateworks wiki page for "USB_OTG" http://trac.gateworks.com/wiki/USB_OTG


For one, you must do "make install" to install the compiled drivers. You may also need to set the configure options.


There are many tools for this task, which mess with your data in a clever way to copy only what's needed, give good compression and so on. They understand the underlying file systems, meta data and more. Most of the time they are able to restore your data and operating system(s) even to lager and smaller disks and USB sticks. Usually they do their job very well, but from time to time they err in what they "beleve" they are copying and mess up your data.

I'm using the simple and very deterministic command line tool dd for this purpose. As any Linux distribution, Ubuntu comes with dd included. If your USB drive is on /dev/sdb (you see that when you enter the command df, you can just

dd if=/dev/sdb of=/MY_ARCHIVE/USB-drive-Win7

to get a 1:1 copy of your USB drive. Later you can reverse the process at any time to restore your disk.

You get all the pros and cons of copying an entire disk byte by byte:

no matter what was on the disk and by which OS it was written - you have a correct copy of it
no matter how much of the USB disk space was used, you have to copy the entire disk

If the size of the copy bothers you, you may fill the disk (still on Win7) with a file of 0s or repeated text patterns until it is completely full. Then you remove that file to free that space. This way you filled the unused space with a very compressable pattern. After dd-ing you can compress your disk image or even compress while taking the imige like so:

dd if=/dev/sdb | gzip >/MY_ARCHIVE/USB-drive-Win7.gz

You may decide to save single partitions only by replacing /dev/sdb with /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdb2, ..., and you may save the partition table, too, by saving the first sectors like so:

dd if=/dev/sdb count=1000 | gzip >/MY_ARCHIVE/USB-drive-Win7-first1000.gz

For all these dd commands you need root privillege, so either you have to be logged in as user root, or you have to prepend sudo in front of them.


Difference between apt-get remove -y and apt-get purge -y?

apt-get remove removes the package in question

apt-get purge is equivalent to apt-get remove --purge and will remove user data/configuration files.

From man apt-get:

   purge
       purge is identical to remove except that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted too).

and

   --purge
       Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk ("*") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged.  remove --purge is equivalent to the purge command. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Purge.

the -y flag tells the command to proceed without confirmation for trivial questions. Again, from man apt-get:

   -y, --yes, --assume-yes
       Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts and run non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held package, trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an essential package occurs then apt-get will abort. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Assume-Yes.


Where to get Gnome Night Light source code?

considering Ubuntu 18.04

I think its here for Ubuntu 18.04 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gnome-control-center/

some of the content of apt show gnome-control-center

APT-Sources: http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages
Description: utilities to configure the GNOME desktop
 This package contains configuration applets for the GNOME desktop,
 allowing to set accessibility configuration, desktop fonts, keyboard
 and mouse properties, sound setup, desktop theme and background, user
 interface properties, screen resolution, and other GNOME parameters.

http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gnome-control-center/

you can check your gnome-shell version and then download that version number from above link.. for example if you want for 3.34 download that version number.


What is happening is that you are not booting from Ubuntu. I'm not sure why Windows is complaining that you have a boot disk for Ubuntu, however.

To boot from Ubuntu, when you first start up your computer, there is something called a BIOS. This is the first screen you see when you start your computer; it should show a Dell logo (as you are on a Dell Inspiron). There, you should see text say "Press F for more boot options" or something like that. On the top of your keyboard you should have those F-Keys, or function keys. Press the corresponding key, and you should be lead to a window where you can select which volume you should boot from. Select the correct one, and Ubuntu will boot.


There is a conf in gedit that can correct your problem :
You can modify it by typing

gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.editor ensure-trailing-newline false

If you don't like command line tools
You can modify it using dconf-editor (sudo apt install dconf-editor if needed)

Then in dconf-editor go to

/org/gnome/gedit/preferences/editor

And change ensure-trailing-newline to false


what does -x mean in if conditional statement?

From the man bash pages (especially the CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS section):

   -a file
          True if file exists.
   -b file
          True if file exists and is a block special file.
   -c file
          True if file exists and is a character special file.
   -d file
          True if file exists and is a directory.
   -e file
          True if file exists.
   -f file
          True if file exists and is a regular file.
   -g file
          True if file exists and is set-group-id.
   -h file
          True if file exists and is a symbolic link.
   -k file
          True if file exists and its ``sticky'' bit is set.
   -p file
          True if file exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).
   -r file
          True if file exists and is readable.
   -s file
          True if file exists and has a size greater than zero.
   -t fd  True if file descriptor fd is open and refers to a terminal.
   -u file
          True if file exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
   -w file
          True if file exists and is writable.
   -x file
          True if file exists and is executable.

   [...]


find out date of last update (by maintainer) of an apt package

Use apt-get changelog, e.g.:

$ apt-get changelog unity

unity (5.20.0-0ubuntu2) precise; urgency=low

  * Check to see if the window is supposed to have decorations instead
    of the window actually being decorated when Undecorate() is called.
    This fixes a regression from the previous SRU where windows opened
    maximized upon login could have extra decorations (LP: #1195730)

 -- Christopher Townsend <christopher.townsend@canonical.com>  Mon, 08 Jul 2013 09:37:30 -0600

unity (5.20.0-0ubuntu1) precise; urgency=low
[...]


Try to Boot it,  F12, and check for the virtualization.
If there is nothing you can do, reinstall it and learn how to back up your virtual machine from time to time to be sure it won't happen again.

Did you shutdown properly the machine after using it?


How to magnify dock icons on mouse hover in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS without changing the theme?

Ubuntu uses Gnome Shell as its desktop environment. The dock is created by a Gnome Shell extension, "Ubuntu Dock", which is derived of "Dash to Dock". Neither Gnome Shell nor the extensions support the visual effect of enlarging icons, so as such, the answer is "no". The feature is also not available in the app section.
With respect to the dock, there is a way to achieve what you want by using an alternative dock. One such dock is Plank. You could disable the build-in dock, and then have Plank autostart instead. Plank can be configured to have the effect you want, and can be placed on any side of the screen.
To install Plank, enter the following command in a terminal
sudo apt install plank

To edit Plank settings, press ctrl and right click on Plank, or open the preferences dialog with the command:
plank --preferences

You will find the option "Icon zoom" on the tab "Appearance" in the "Preferences dialog. With the slider on the right, you can control the extent of icon zoom.


How to install (missing dependencies for) QMPlay2 video player in 18.04 (Kubuntu)?

I can confirm your problem, I wrote comment on GitHub tracker of the project

Update: bug was fixed upstream, so the installation process is simple:

wget https://github.com/zaps166/QMPlay2/releases/download/18.04.01/qmplay2-ubuntu-amd64-18.04.01-2.deb
sudo apt install ./qmplay2-ubuntu-amd64-18.04.01-2.deb

Section below is for historic purposes.

We have two options here:

* Download dependencies from 17.10 and install them manually

We download dependencies from 17.10 and install them by the following commands:

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/libc/libcdio/libcdio13_0.83-4.2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./libcdio13_0.83-4.2ubuntu1_amd64.deb

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/libv/libva/libva1_1.8.3-2_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./libva1_1.8.3-2_amd64.deb

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/libv/libva/libva-x11-1_1.8.3-2_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./libva-x11-1_1.8.3-2_amd64.deb

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/libv/libva/libva-glx1_1.8.3-2_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./libva-glx1_1.8.3-2_amd64.deb

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/libv/libva/libva-drm1_1.8.3-2_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./libva-drm1_1.8.3-2_amd64.deb

Then we download latest deb-packaged version of QMPlay2 and install it

wget https://github.com/zaps166/QMPlay2/releases/download/18.04.01/qmplay2-ubuntu-amd64-18.04.01-1.deb
sudo apt install ./qmplay2-ubuntu-amd64-18.04.01-1.deb

Then start it with QMPlay2 command or from GUI.

* Compile source package and use it

While waiting the reaction from developer, you can compile the package manually:

wget https://github.com/zaps166/QMPlay2/releases/download/18.04.01/QMPlay2-src-18.04.01.tar.xz
tar -xf QMPlay2-src-18.04.01.tar.xz
cd QMPlay2-src-18.04.01/
mkdir build
cd build

sudo apt-get install cmake pkg-config qtbase5-dev libva-dev \
libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libass-dev libasound2-dev \
libtag1-dev qttools5-dev checkinstall

Then it will configure with the following options:

$ cmake ..
CMake Warning at CMakeLists.txt:342 (message):
  Missing QtSvg module - SVG icons will not be visible!

-- Enabled features:
 * Freedesktop notifications, Use Freedesktop notifications
 * Datmusic, Build with Datmusic support
 * AnimeOdcinki, Build with AnimeOdcinki support
 * Wbijam, Build with Wbijam (anime) support
 * LastFM, Build with LastFM support
 * Tekstowo, Build with Tekstowo lyrics support
 * libass, Build with libass support
 * Inputs, Build with Inputs module
 * Modplug, Build with Modplug module
 * Extensions, Build with Extensions module
 * MPRIS2, Build Extensions with MPRIS2 support
 * Visualizations, Build with Visualizations module
 * AudioFilters, Build with AudioFilters module
 * VideoFilters, Build with VideoFilters module
 * OpenGL2, Build with OpenGL2 module
 * TagLib, Build with tags editor
 * FFmpeg, Build with FFmpeg module
 * ALSA, Build with ALSA module
 * CUVID, Build with CUVID module
 * Notifications, Build additional notifications module

-- Disabled features:
 * libavresample, Use libavresample instead of libswresample
 * PortAudio, Build with PortAudio module
 * VAAPI, Build VAAPI acceleration into FFmpeg
 * VDPAU, Build VDPAU acceleration into FFmpeg
 * libavdevice, Build FFmpeg with libavdevice suport
 * AudioCD, Build with AudioCD module
 * Chiptune GME, Build Chiptune with GME support
 * Chiptune SIDPLAY, Build Chiptune with SIDPLAY support
 * PulseAudio, Build with PulseAudio module
 * XVideo, Build with XVideo module
 * Git version, Append Git HEAD to QMPlay2 version
 * Link Time Optimization, Enable link time optimization for release builds
 * Address Sanitizer, Use Address Sanitizer
 * Undefined Behavior Sanitizer, Use Undefined Behavior Sanitizer
 * SolidActions, Install Solid actions

-- Build type: Release
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to:

Start compiling with:

$ make -j8

You can launch the player with:

$ src/gui/QMPlay2


Here you are with all available indicators: What Application Indicators are available?
This seems to be the nearest to your need.


Is it possible to get my HP touchsmart 520 working with Ubuntu 18

Googling touchsmart 520 shows a 2011 device. If it does not work already, I doubt you will find drivers for it. Even if you do find them, linux "external" drivers are source code for very old linux kernel, thus will most likely not compile with 2018 kernels.


Bootable ISO Disk doesn't work on Acer 1362 laptop

OK first things first is you need to create a system image of your Windows drive. If you aren't ready to simply format it you likely have things you still want to keep.
What are the specs of the cpu, 9 years old puts it into pentium 4 ish days.
The default Ubuntu install requires a fairly capable graphics card to even boot, and bearing in mind your laptop is 9 years old I don't think it is feasible.
Can you try Ubuntu 12.04 alternative install? Thus includes a text based installer (still reasonably simple to use) which ensures that it will most likely boot. I would suggest you start there as that's probably the best chance you have got.
If it doesn't boot via the alternative cd above then you will likely have to try another lightweight distro (crunchbang is quite lightweight).
You mention that the DVD you burnt is Bootable on a Windows 7 machine. Then on that case the DVD works.

Does your laptop even support booting from a cd/DVD? Have you tried creating a Linux live USB stick using something like Linux love USB creator and booting from it?


From:  How do I disable remote SSH login as root from a server?
Put the following line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config:
PermitRootLogin no
Afterwards; restart the service
sudo service ssh restart

EDIT:  If you never going to use ssh what so ever, (like, never going to) why not disable it completely?
sudo service ssh stop.

If you have it running.
Disable it too (If you never going to use it)
sudo systemctl disable ssh


How can I remove/uninstall ubuntu 13.10 to install another linus distro?

You can install almost most(if not all), the same way most people install ubuntu 13.10. Make a Pendrive from an USB-stick or burn a installation DVD.

Steps to create a pendrive
S1: Download the ISO of your preffered distro

S2: Create a pendrive using tools such as Universal USB Installer to "mount" the iso on  usb-stick.

S3: plug in the usb-stick

S4: reboot

S5: Select the usb-stick as the "Boot-source" from your BIOS

S6: the rest of the installation will explain itself.(select something like "erase ubuntu 13.10" if it appears)

Steps to burn a dvd
same as pendrive but with the word dvd instead of usb-stick, except for #2 where you will need to burn the iso in a dvd using standard iso-tools.

Good Luck!


Locking Wine applications in the launcher is not permanent

The problem is that the .desktop file is NOT in a standard directory.  Launcher favorites need to be in either the /usr/share/applications directory or the ~/.local/share/applications folder (and NOT a subdirectory as my wine .desktop files are).  Copy the .desktop file there and then drag it to the launcher to lock it there.

The other option is to set the full path to the launcher using gsettings, but that's a pain.

EDIT on further investigation, when I add the desktop file for Word on my system (residing in ~/.local/share/applications/wine/Programs/Microsoft Office/), its name is added in gsettings with - instead of / for its location. Doing the following with gsettings to correct it made it permanent for me:

gsettings get  com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites > myfavs.txt

Edit myfavs.txt to replace - with /:

['nautilus-home.desktop', .... , 'wine-Programs-Microsoft Office-Microsoft Office Word 2007.desktop']

becomes:

['nautilus-home.desktop', .... , 'wine/Programs/Microsoft Office/Microsoft Office Word 2007.desktop']

Then set it:

gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites "`cat myfavs.txt`"

I filed a bug report here so that one shouldn't have to do this: https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/1033577


How to build dependency list for deb package

I want to minimize this list, based on assumption that there is
  dependency between some lib and each other in this list.

You should not do this. The list of dependencies should include each library that your software directly depends on. The reason for this is that your binary requires that library, and exactly that library, to link correctly when run. Suppose that you try to optimise this:

Your program depends on libX and libY
libY depends on libX
So you try to minimise this by specifying a dependency to only libY

Now what happens if the author or package maintainer of libY changes their code to no longer depend on libX? Your package will break. It breaks because you made a false assumption - that libY will always depend on libX. That assumption is not valid - the dependencies of packages can and do change over time. So if your program needs libX, you need to specify that.

The good news is that the list of shared libraries can be generated automatically using dpkg-shlibdeps:

https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-sharedlibs.html#s-dpkg-shlibdeps

  8.6.1 Generating dependencies on shared libraries

  When a package that contains any shared libraries or compiled binaries
  is built, it must run dpkg-shlibdeps on each shared library and
  compiled binary to determine the libraries used and hence the
  dependencies needed by the package.[66] To do this, put a call to
  dpkg-shlibdeps into your debian/rules file in the source package. List
  all of the compiled binaries, libraries, or loadable modules in your
  package.[67] dpkg-shlibdeps will use the symbols or shlibs files
  installed by the shared libraries to generate dependency information.
  The package must then provide a substitution variable into which the
  discovered dependency information can be placed.

  If you are creating a udeb for use in the Debian Installer, you will
  need to specify that dpkg-shlibdeps should use the dependency line of
  type udeb by adding the -tudeb option[68]. If there is no dependency
  line of type udeb in the shlibs file, dpkg-shlibdeps will fall back to
  the regular dependency line.

  dpkg-shlibdeps puts the dependency information into the
  debian/substvars file by default, which is then used by
  dpkg-gencontrol. You will need to place a ${shlibs:Depends} variable
  in the Depends field in the control file of every binary package built
  by this source package that contains compiled binaries, libraries, or
  loadable modules. If you have multiple binary packages, you will need
  to call dpkg-shlibdeps on each one which contains compiled libraries
  or binaries. For example, you could use the -T option to the dpkg
  utilities to specify a different substvars file for each binary
  package.[69]

  For more details on dpkg-shlibdeps, see dpkg-shlibdeps(1).

  We say that a binary foo directly uses a library libbar if it is
  explicitly linked with that library (that is, the library is listed in
  the ELF NEEDED attribute, caused by adding -lbar to the link line when
  the binary is created). Other libraries that are needed by libbar are
  linked indirectly to foo, and the dynamic linker will load them
  automatically when it loads libbar. A package should depend on the
  libraries it directly uses, but not the libraries it only uses
  indirectly. The dependencies for the libraries used directly will
  automatically pull in the indirectly-used libraries. dpkg-shlibdeps
  will handle this logic automatically, but package maintainers need to
  be aware of this distinction between directly and indirectly using a
  library if they have to override its results for some reason. [70]


Harddrive replication without *full* dump (dumping partitions is OK)

It does not work because you did not install a boot loader on the new disk.  Grub typically occupies the first 64k of the disk, so you need to dd that much if you want to copy grub.  Then grub looks for your root or boot partition by UUID, so if you formatted a new partition and copied your files, that will not match so grub will stop and wait for you to manually tell it what to boot.  The changed UUIDs on the other partitions will also prevent them from being mounted.

If you just dd grub over then you will need to first tel it where to find itself with the set prefix=(hdXX,Y)/boot command ( fill in drive and partition number ), then the normal command should load the rest of grub and pull up the boot menu, but you will need to press e to edit it and change the kernel root= argument to point to the right partition instead of the old UUID.  Finally you will need to update /etc/fstab so it can find the new partitions.


I did not have root access and directory access root I did was right after giving root access


How can I move all windows to one screen with a single command?

You can use wmctrl and a little bash script to loop through the windows and then position them onto your primary display.  I threw this together. It might be sufficient for you.

#! /bin/bash

#dump the list of windows to a file
wmctrl -l > /tmp/window_list.txt
x=40; y=40

#read the window information from the file
while read id sticky host win_title; do

    #move any non-sticky windows except the desktop
    if [ "$sticky" == "0" -a "$win_title" != "x-nautilus-desktop" ]
      then
        wmctrl -i -r $id -e 0,$x,$y,-1,-1
        x=$(($x + 40))
        y=$(($y + 40))
    fi

done < /tmp/window_list.txt

#delete the temporary file
rm /tmp/window_list.txt
exit 0

Save it to a file called "move_windows.sh" or something and give it execute permissions with chmod +x move_windows.sh and then create a launcher for it.


How can I reduce Hysteresis in the clickpad area?

You could use the following code:

$ synclient HorizHysteresis=# VertHysteresis=#

You can check the default values by writing only synclient.
Though this method won't make the changes permanent, you can create a script and make it run when you log in.


Instead of using the GUI, you can use sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade. I recommend that you use the US sources or Main server sources in your software settings.

You can open a terminal by pressing CTRL+ALT+T on your keyboard.


just guest session available, can not login

just delete the file ~/.Xauthority and reboot  , this should solve your issue


Start script to launch repeating child scripts?

The following should do what you want:

#!/bin/bash
num=0
while ((num <= 10))
do
    gnome-terminal -x sh -c "obs --startstreaming; exec bash" &
    timestamp=$(date)
    echo "Started OBS in new terminal window at $timestamp"
    sleep 4h
    pkill -n obs
    timestamp=$(date)
    echo "Killed OBS @ $timestamp"
    ((num++))
done

Here is the output of shellcheck for your script:

In test.sh line 1:
num=0
^-- SC2148: Tips depend on target shell and yours is unknown. Add a shebang.

In test.sh line 2:
while (($num <= 10)); do
        ^-- SC2004: $/${} is unnecessary on arithmetic variables.


There is the Ubuntu Manual Project: http://ubuntu-manual.org/

The current version is for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. Since you want to get started with Ubuntu, 14.04 LTS (Long Term Support) is recommendable. Here is why I like this guide:

it is beginner friendly (e.g. plenty of screen shots)
it guides you through the installation and configuration of the most important programs (e.g. Ubuntu itself, Firefox, printer setup, ...)
it comes for free in pdf format
it is available in plenty of languages in case you need it


How do I change rate of the keys repeat rate through console?

Run this in the console:

xset r rate 240 40

240 - is a milliseconds delay before repeating starts

40 - the rate of repetition after the delay


Turned out to be very trivial. I just forgot to -o checkmagick64 -lX11 -lXrandr (didn't read whole instructions) so the correct command is

gcc check.c -o checkmagick64 -lX11 -lXrandr


Mount: "The disk drive for UUID= is not ready yet or not present."

Looks like the UUIDs of some of your partitions have changed. And your /etc/fstab specifies the old UUID so it is not able to mount / and some other partitions during boot process.

If you have a Ubuntu 12.10 desktop CD (Live), boot from it, open a Terminal

Run blkid to get the list of UUIDs for all your block devices/logical volumes.

Then mount your /, for example if your root partition is on /dev/sda2 and type is ext4

cd /mnt
mkdir root
mount -t ext4 /dev/sda2 /mnt/root
nano /mnt/root/etc/fstab

Make sure the UUIDs of partitions/block devices are correct, if not, update and save.

NOTE: if you don't like UUID, just use traditional block device, e.g. /dev/sda2 instead of UUID=x

Then run

sync; sync; cd /mnt; umount /dev/sda2; reboot

You should be back on track.


Can't seem to access an old external/USB hdd

It could be that you are trying to mount the disk instead of the partition.

user@server:~$ sudo mount /dev/sde /mnt/test/
mount: /mnt/test: can't read superblock on /dev/sde.

Using lsblk, you can see the block devices and the partitions identified within.

user@server:~$ lsblk  /dev/sde
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sde      8:64   0 465.8G  0 disk
└─sde1   8:65   0 465.8G  0 part
user@server:~$

You can see the recognized partition types using lsblk -f

user@server:$ lsblk -f /dev/sde
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL    UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
sde
└─sde1 exfat  Untitled 5EDC-05D5                             465.8G     0% /mnt/test
user@server:$

Mount of the partition is successful in this case.

user@server:$ sudo mount /dev/sde1 /mnt/test/
user@server:$ lsblk  /dev/sde
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sde      8:64   0 465.8G  0 disk
└─sde1   8:65   0 465.8G  0 part /mnt/test
user@server:$


There's a common core of regular expression syntax however there are distinct flavors. Your expression appears to contain some features specific to the perl flavor, in particular the use of complex lookaround assertions describing the start and end of the pattern to be matched, whereas grep defaults to a basic regular expression (BRE) syntax that only supports a simpler set of these zero-length matches such as line- (^,$) and word-anchors (\>, \<).

You can enable perl-compatible regular expression (PCRE) support in grep using the -P command line switch (although note that the man page currently describes it as "experimental"). In your case you probably want the -o switch as well to only print the matching pattern, rather than the whole line i.e.

cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep 'remove' | grep -oP '(?<=remove)(.*?)(?=:)'

Be aware that this expression may fail if it encounters packages that do not have the :i386 suffix since it may read ahead to a matching colon in the next word, e.g.

echo "2013-09-07 08:31:44 remove cifs-utils 2:5.1-1ubuntu2 <none>" | grep -oP '(?<=remove)(.*?)(?=:)'
 cifs-utils 2

You may wish to look at awk instead e.g.

cat /var/log/dpkg.log | awk '$3 ~ /remove/ {sub(":.*", "", $4); print $4}'

As well as BRE and PCRE, Gnu grep has a further mode called extended regular expression (ERE), specified by the -E command line switch. The man page notes that

In  GNU grep,  there is  no difference in available functionality
between basic and extended syntaxes.

However you should note that "no difference in available functionality" does not mean that the syntax is the same. For example, in BRE the + character is normally treated as literal, and only becomes a modifier meaning 'one or more instance of the preceding regular expression' if escaped, i.e.

$ echo "123.456" | grep '[0-9]+\.[0-9]+'
$ echo "123.456" | grep '[0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+'
123.456

whereas for ERE it is exactly the opposite

$ echo "123.456" | grep -E '[0-9]+\.[0-9]+'
123.456
$ echo "123.456" | grep -E '[0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+'

A similar distinction applies for sed invoked without and with the -r switch.


Proxy configuration in update-manager apparently happens at lines 179--228 of file /usr/share/pyshared/UpdateManager/Core/utils.py (checked on Lucid, line numbers and file name may be different on other versions).  Despite what the comment say, the code looks for proxy settings in this order:

the Acquire::http::Proxy setting in /etc/apt/apt.conf
The Synaptic::useProxy, Synaptic::httpProxy, Synaptic::httpProxyPort settings in /root/.synaptic/synaptic.conf
the /system/http_proxy/* settings in gconf

The first one found sets the http_proxy environment variable for children processes (i.e., the ones that actually perform the update/upgrade).

Therefore, my advice would be to try adding this line to /etc/apt/apt.conf:

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://proxyhost.example.org:8080/";

The exact syntax is documented in the apt.conf(5) man page


Sorry for slow response.
Yes.
I am actually running my Ubuntu installation this way. You need to perform the installation with but a few changes:
Follow How do I install Ubuntu? up to the "Installation Type" prompt. Here, you must select "Something Else".
Find your external hard disk in the partition list, and click its partition. Click Edit. Change the size to leave some empty room, removing at least 20000 MB as a bare minimum(I recommend at least 100000MB).
Click OK, and allow it to apply changes. Now, click in the free space created, and click Add. Add an Ext4 partition with the default space available, and set the mount point to /.
On the bottom, click in the dropdown for bootloader installation, and select your external hard disk.
Ensure that it isn't your internal hard disk!
Click install, and continue with the instructions.
To boot, ensure your hard disk is plugged in, and press the key for the boot menu(usually F10, esc, or F12), and select your hard disk to boot from, and proceed booting as normal.


Why does my Xubuntu 16.04 desktop think that it is a laptop? How do I instruct it otherwise?

For some (unknown) reason your Benq monitor is identified as secondary display. Check the 'Primary Display' box and do 'Identify Display' command again.

Edit: Set Benq as primary, then select the other (non-existent) monitor and uncheck 'Use this display' option. Then reboot, just to make sure Ubuntu understood everything correctly. This will force Ubuntu to use Benq exclusively. Everything will be peachy as long as you don't use multi-monitors.


Intel Wireless N 5300 - Personal Area Network Support

My best bet would be to do the following in a terminal:

turn off network-manager
try to enable master mode for your card

Here's the terminal commands:

sudo service network-manager stop
sudo iwconfig wlan0 mode master

If this gives an error, you will probably need a patched driver to enable it. I get this error:

Error for wireless request "Set Mode" (8B06) :
    SET failed on device wlan0 ; Invalid argument.

I don't know how to make an accesspoint with a GUI, as I've never had a network card that supports it.

You can turn on network-manager again by running

sudo service network-manager start


Enigmail not asking for pgp passphrase but saying no key available

Try this: https://www.enigmail.net/support/gnupg2_issues.php
In my case, I need install a grafical version of pinentry (pinentry-qt4 package).

"Resolving issues with GnuPG 2.x and gpg-agent

Note GnuPG 2.x requires an "agent" to handle passphrases. By default this is done by gpg-agent, but there are other tools implementing a subset of its functionality. These instructions are for gpg-agent only. If you use an agent like gnome-keyring, seahorse-agent or the KDE Wallet Manager, then these instructions don't apply.
Most common Problem

Symptoms

The most common issue is that gpg-agent (a part of GnuPG) cannot launch pinentry (the tool used to query your passphrase). Enigmail would display messages like:

when reading messages:
Error - no matching private/secret key found to decrypt message; click on 'Details' button for more information

when sending messages:
- Send operation aborted. Error - encryption command failed
- Send operation aborted. Key 0x....... not found or not valid. The (sub-)key might have expired

How to Analyze

Try sending a signed and unencrypted message to yourself.
Check the output in the Enimgail log: go to menu Enigmail > Debugging Options > View Log.
Search for the following text: parseErrorOutput: status message. You will probably find this message several times. Check what follows below.
If the message says something like "no pinentry", "problem with the agent", "Invalid IPC response" or "problem with gpg-agent", then there is something wrong with your gpg-agent and/or pinentry setup.

How to Fix it

Execute the following script from a terminal to find out if a graphical version of pinentry is used:

pinentry <<EOT
SETDESC Hello World
CONFIRM
EOT

You should get a graphical window with a confirmation message "Hello World". If a "window" is opened within your terminal window then pinentry is text-based, which does not work with Enigmail. To fix this, ensure that a graphical version of pinentry is installed. On Linux/Unix systems, these would typically be pinentry-qt/pinentry-qt4 or pinentry-gtk/pinentry-gtk2, and on Mac OS X pinentry-mac. Rename the existing pinentry file to "pinentry-text" or similar, and create a symlink from pinentry-qt, pinentry-qt4, pinentry-gtk, pinentry-gtk2 or pinentry-mac to pinentry. Then restart your PC.

If the above does not help, check the contents of $HOME/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf. Make sure that there is a configuration entry pinentry-program containing the full path to a graphical version of pinentry as above. E.g.:

pinentry-program /usr/local/bin/pinentry-gtk

Then save the file and restart your PC.

If you still can't access your key, then execute the following script from a terminal:

gpg-connect-agent <<EOT
GETINFO version
EOT

The output should be something like the text below, where 2.0.26 represents the agent version number. The version number should match your gpg version number:

D 2.0.26
OK

If you get an error message like "ERR 280 not implemented" then you don't use gpg-agent, but one of the alternatives like gnome-keyring. We recommend you switch to gpg-agent by disabling your current agent. See e.g. askubuntu for how to disable gnome-keyring or how to disable KDE wallet.

If you get a useful result from above, then execute the following script from a terminal:

gpg-connect-agent <<EOT
GET_CONFIRMATION Hello
EOT

Pinentry should now open as a graphical window (just like above), with the difference to the step above that this instance of pinentry was launched from gpg-agent. If this is successful, then GnuPG 2 should work correctly in Enigmail.

If gpg-agent still cannot launch pinentry from Enigmail, then you need to start debugging gpg-agent. Execute the following commands from a terminal:

killall gpg-agent
gpg-agent --debug-level expert --use-standard-socket --daemon /bin/sh

This will start gpg-agent from the command line, open a new shell and print the debug output to that shell. If the command succeeded, you will see somehting like:
gpg-agent[76979]: gpg-agent 2.0.26 started
Leave the terminal window untouched, start Thunderbird and try to use Enigmail. As you'll try to access gpg-agent, you will see the output in your terminal window. If gpg-agent cannot start pinentry successfully, you will see something like this:

gpg-agent[76993]: starting a new PIN Entry
gpg-agent[76993]: chan_19 <- ERR 67109133 can't exec `/usr/bin/pinentry': No such file or directory
gpg-agent[76993]: chan_19 -> BYE
gpg-agent[76993]: can't connect to the PIN entry module: IPC connect call failed
gpg-agent[76993]: command get_passphrase failed: No pinentry

Press Ctrl+D in the terminal to end the debugging session. The bold line should tell you the reason for the error (in the example above, pinentry cannot be found). Try to fix the error and repeat the test."


Ubuntu 12.10 in Wubi boots fine, but GRUB does not show

The grub menu is hidden by default for Wubi installs (on Vista/7, not XP). The reason is that it's not required when the only two OSes are Windows and a Wubi-installed Ubuntu, and it has led to some problems when users assumed they could boot Windows from Grub, when in fact you can't.

If you run sudo update-grub you'll see something like this:

Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda2
Skipping Windows 7 (loader) on Wubi system

This means that grub considers it to be a single OS situation, and therefore defaults to hiding the Grub menu.

If you want it to show, hold down the Shift key after selecting Ubuntu from the Windows boot manager, or change the settings in /etc/default/grub but I'd have to ask why you want to do this.


Simple Twitter client to post all text entry

I am sure all of this can be done through a simple python script. Interesting idea. I am sure you have some use for it.

I would recommend taking a look at the twitter-python API -- simple and straightforward and it would be easy integrate your recording keystroke requirement as well.

If you need help making things work or have questions. stackoverflow.com is an amazing resource.


It's not really a Windows Installer.. it's a compatibility layer. It is true that you can install Windows software on Ubuntu through Wine, but results may vary.

WineHQ has a database of apps that may or may not work.

Here is the entry for Visual Studio..
http://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=application&iId=892

Unfortunately, most versions get a "garbage" rating, meaning that they won't work at all.


Can someone explain why a 8 years old hardware appear to be fast as a newer i5 notebook?

It may run the basic system fast enough, but when the time to perform a more computational intensive activity comes, the newer system's superiority will become obvious. Also take in mind that linux is not windows. A basic linux system can run fine on a vast variety of hardware, dated or not.


Extend the ubuntu root partition with unallocated space

Short answer...

First backup any important data from sda6!
Data loss or data corruption is possible.

boot to the Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted
right-click on sda6 and select move/resize
hover the cursor over sda6 and it'll turn into a hand
move (drag) the entire sda6 partition all the way to the left
hover the cursor over the right edge of sda6 and it'll turn into an arrow
resize the partition all the way to the right
click the Apply icon


After involuntarily messed up with Atom config I removed it and reinstalled but still the config is the old messed up one

Open a terminal and write sudo rm ~/.atom/config.cson (type your password if required) in order to remove the file.

Try to reinstall atom now. Does it work?


Updating JDK 7 to 8: Unable to locate package

For installing openjdk using Radhwane's command list if you face problem with the first command i.e if you get an error like "Please check the ppa name.." just add a -E flag to the command.

 sudo -E add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa

and then,

sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk

That should do it.


Python Pyperclip PS file to same dir using ps2pdf

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import pyperclip
import os

os.chdir("/DirectoryPathOfFile")

subprocess.Popen(["ps2pdf", pyperclip.paste()])

This worked like a charm.

Now to elaborate even further of what I was trying to do. As we know there is an issue exporting to PDF in Ubuntu when filling out Adobe forms. You can only export to PS then convert via ps2pdf. Then for those of us who want a clean file we must use exiftool. Below is an example script to handle it all, including removing the _original file created by exiftool when working on the same file with same name in same dir.

I like the fact that you can watch it work in nautilus. I didn't trying using event.wait for this, wasn't completely sure how to implement, but also wanted to allow time for the hard drive to execute (being extra cautious).
- Remember, this requires all dependencies of pyperclip to be installed. I linked this script to a shortcut key and can now Ctrl +c the .ps file in nautilus and (script shortcut key) so the script does the rest.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import pyperclip
import os
import time

os.chdir("/DirectoryPathOfFile")

subprocess.Popen(["ps2pdf", pyperclip.paste()])

time.sleep(3)

new1 = os.path.splitext(pyperclip.paste())[0]+".pdf"

subprocess.Popen(["exiftool", "-all:all=", new1])

time.sleep(3)

new2 = os.path.splitext(pyperclip.paste())[0]+".pdf_original"

os.remove(new2)

#optionally remove original .ps file as well
#os.remove(pyperclip.paste())

I hope this helps everyone else as much as it did me!


Is Creative Commons a recoginsed license?

Creative Commons licenses are considered Open Source, yes.

However, the Creative Commons licenses are meant to be used for content (artwork, books, videos, music, etc…) and not really suitable for source code. Also, I do not see any source code available on that site. The Linux version download on that site is a zip file which only contains a pre-compiled binary, a text file which states the work is licensed under the CC-By-SA license, the readme.txt, and a copy of the LGPL v2.1 license.

It's quite unclear what the author? intends there. You should contact the author and ask for clarification, and for the author to publish the source code.


How do I configure matplotlib to work on EC2?

Got it.

matplotlib uses a rendering backend which has to play nice with x11. But selecting the right backend manually [matplotlib.use('TkAgg')] would throw an exception. Turns out that matplotlib does not build correctly under ubuntu with pip, missing some dependencies--specifically the ones needed for x11-friendly backends (setting the default to 'Agg' in matplotlibrc). Fixed by:

pip uninstall matplotlib           //unistall matplotlib
apt-get build-dep matplotlib       //download and build needed dependencies
pip install -U matplotlib          //force matplotlib rebuild

The above correctly sets the default backend to TkAgg (in matplotlibrc). Hope that helps someone!


Is there any shortcut for parent folder in console?

Create this file /home/$USER/.inputrc with the following:

# ~/.inputrc - complements /etc/inputrc - global inputrc for libreadline
# April 15, 2019
# See readline(3readline) and `info rluserman' for more information.

$include /etc/inputrc

# Insert key to togged overwrite-mode
"\e[2~": overwrite-mode

# April 22, 2019 AU Q&A: https://askubuntu.com/q/1135306/307523
# Make Shift-tab act like "cd ../" (move to parent directory)
"\e[Z": "cd ../"

Save the file and open a new terminal.

Now you can use Shift+Tab to send cd ../ to the terminal.

Also included in the settings you can press Insert key to toggle between character overwrite (replace) mode and insert mode.


I'm not sure what happened to break your system. The missing file update-initramfs is looking for is:

# see udev.conf(5) for details
#
# udevd is started in the initramfs, so when this file is modified the
# initramfs should be rebuilt.

#udev_log="info"

You can easily create it with sudo -H gedit /etc/udev/udev.conf and pasting in lines above.

Then reinstall the system monitor snap with:

sudo snap install gnome-system-monitor


What do the numbers mean in output of history?

History can only store amount. When it reaches 1000 entries, it can't store more. So if you have 1500 commands, it will display the most recent 1000 (500 to 1500).

You can also use the command !N (where N is the number) to run that command again.
This is an output of my recent history:

336  cp monitors.tim monitors.xml
337  cd .config/
338  cp monitors.tim monitors.xml
339  xrandr
340  sudo nvidia-settings
341  cd .config/
342  cp monitors.xml monitors.tim
343  gedit monitors.xml
344  cd .config/
345  gedit monitors.xml

To rerun the 337th  command, I just do !337. My new history:

336  cp monitors.tim monitors.xml
337  cd .config/
338  cp monitors.tim monitors.xml
339  xrandr
340  sudo nvidia-settings
341  cd .config/
342  cp monitors.xml monitors.tim
343  gedit monitors.xml
344  cd .config/
345  gedit monitors.xml
346  cd .config/

It should work that way.
History isn't designed to be perfectly in order - just remember everything. But if you would have two terminal windows open, exit the newer and then still stay in the older, the older one will then have the "history" of the newer but "before" the "history" of the current terminal.


You don't specify what Doom game you mean, so I presume you mean the old original Doom created by ID Software.

since its a DOS game. You need a DOS emulator.

Install dosbox from Ubuntu Software Center or with the apt-get install dosbox command from the terminal.  It will allow you to run most DOS games.

After starting dosbox you need to mount the folder where you have Doom stored on your computer.

For example if I have Doom stored in /home/larry/downloads/doom, in dosbox you would have to write:

mount c /home/larry/downloads/doom

to mount the doom folder directly to the virtaul C: drive.

If you want to run the game in Multiplayer over network (Yes you can run it over the Internet as well) check out the documentation Its Much easier than in the old days.


Unable to install latest R version on Ubuntu 18.04 linux

For anyone that experiences the same problem, I found the solution in:
Unable to install R 3.5.0 in Ubuntu Bionic Beaver (18.04)

I simply issued these commands in order and then was able to install:

Temporarily removed deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ from /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
Added back deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ to /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install r-base

And that was it (installed R 3.6.1).


It looks like you followed the wrong video-guide. The software you installed can't handle the st:// URLs used by that streaming site you indicate.

You'd probably need to follow the site guide, but using WINE on Ubuntu:

http://firstrowca.eu/streamtorrent.html

I have not used any of this personally, but while giving it a quick web search have seen that several people were successful using it under WINE. Maybe also in combination with VLC.


NetworkManager not managing ethernet device

As per my comment...

You should undo your changes to /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf...

Your /etc/netplan/*.yaml file should look like this...

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      dhcp4: true
      optional: true

followed by...

sudo netplan --debug generate

sudo netplan apply

Update #1:

If you're sticking with NetworkManager... then your /etc/netplan/*.yaml should look like this...

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

followed by...

sudo netplan --debug generate

sudo netplan apply


Getting Error while doing suspend from the terminal

@kubahaha & other Friends Ok this is how i have fixed the issue ,

Open your terminal and do this

sudo apt-get install hal

then do as pmi action suspend

Issue won't arise again . Hope that helps .


It looks like your Ubuntu 18.04 system uses the internal GPU of your Intel® Core™ i7-6700HQ Processor (See Processor Graphics)) and not your external (and probably better) NVIDIA GeForce GTX 960M GPU.

If your Laptop has a separate GPU, I guess that it's been configured by the manufacturer to use this one instead of the internal one. Hence the flickering.

I do not have a setup like this, so I cannot guide you to the exact menu points to change that. But look for something like 'Graphics settings' in 'System settings' or 'NVidia-Settings' to change your default graphics to the NVidia GPU.


Samba smb.conf errors syslog deprecated, invalid value for security

WARNING: Ignoring invalid value 'share' for parameter 'security'

see /etc/samba/smb.conf and change security = share to security = user

  WARNING: The "syslog" option is deprecated

See WARNING "syslog" option is deprecated