How do I create a non-adhoc wifi hotspot?

I'm not sure about how to do this without clobbering NM, but it is possible to run automatically at boot and get IP addresses to assign easily (at least I have managed this with the same wireless card). This requires the packages hostapd and dnsmasq (not dnsmasq-base)

/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf:

interface=wlan0
driver=nl80211 # This works on my TL-WN722N

ssid=______

channel=6
hw_mode=g

auth_algs=1
wpa=3
wpa_passphrase=_____
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP CCMP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP

/etc/default/hostapd:

# Defaults for hostapd initscript
#
# See /usr/share/doc/hostapd/README.Debian for information about alternative
# methods of managing hostapd.
#
# Uncomment and set DAEMON_CONF to the absolute path of a hostapd configuration
# file and hostapd will be started during system boot. An example configuration
# file can be found at /usr/share/doc/hostapd/examples/hostapd.conf.gz
#
DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

# Additional daemon options to be appended to hostapd command:-
#   -d   show more debug messages (-dd for even more)
#   -K   include key data in debug messages
#   -t   include timestamps in some debug messages
#
# Note that -B (daemon mode) and -P (pidfile) options are automatically
# configured by the init.d script and must not be added to DAEMON_OPTS.
#
#DAEMON_OPTS=""

/etc/dnsmasq.conf (diff against maintainer's version):

--- /etc/dnsmasq.conf.dpkg-dist 2011-09-20 00:28:30.000000000 +0100
+++ /etc/dnsmasq.conf   2012-02-13 21:03:03.713554612 +0000
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 # specified interfaces (and the loopback) give the name of the
 # interface (eg eth0) here.
 # Repeat the line for more than one interface.
-#interface=
+interface=wlan0
 # Or you can specify which interface _not_ to listen on
 #except-interface=
 # Or which to listen on by address (remember to include 127.0.0.1 if
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
 # a lease time. If you have more than one network, you will need to
 # repeat this for each network on which you want to supply DHCP
 # service.
-#dhcp-range=192.168.0.50,192.168.0.150,12h
+dhcp-range=192.168.3.10,192.168.3.49,12h

 # This is an example of a DHCP range where the netmask is given. This
 # is needed for networks we reach the dnsmasq DHCP server via a relay

/etc/network/interfaces:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
    address 192.168.3.1/24
    broadcast 192.168.3.255

/etc/sysctl.conf patch (run sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf after changing):

--- sysctl.conf 2012-05-14 18:06:57.514873009 +0100
+++ /etc/sysctl.conf    2012-05-14 18:09:27.122876525 +0100
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1

 # Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4
-#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
+net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

 # Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv6
 #  Enabling this option disables Stateless Address Autoconfiguration

Finally, set up NAT in iptables:

sudo iptables -A FORWARD -o eth0 -i eth1 -s 192.168.0.0/24 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE
sudo iptables-save | sudo tee /etc/iptables.sav

and add iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.sav above exit 0 in /etc/rc.local.

This setup was mostly implemented by reading this howto and staring at man pages scratching my head.


Switching back to an older version having high period of security and maintenance

Both yes and no. It's not about the old software, but internals will also change and may result to a heavily broken system. It's advisable to wait for another month and upgrade to 16.04 LTS and enjoy 5 year of support.


How to restart spamassassin after failure

The manpage for systemd.service has the answer. For my particular case, the simplest solution was to add:

Restart=always
RestartSec=3

to the [Service] section of /lib/systemd/system/spamassassin.service

But there are more sophisticated controls available to limit restarts, should a failure loop occur.


I'm not sure how much you'll benefit from a low-latency kernel, but this is definitely what I would do before going any further.
From Ubuntu Community Help Wiki:

If you need a low latency system (e.g. for recording audio) then please use the
-preempt kernel as a first choice. This reduces latency but doesn't sacrifice p
ower saving features. It is available only for 64 bit systems (also called amd64).
If the -preempt kernel does not provide enough low latency for your needs
(or you have an 32 bit system) then you should try the -lowlatency kernel.

I used ukuu when installing new kernels, it's quite a simple tool. You can do it other ways as well. There's plenty of info and other questions on this website on how to install a new kernel.
P.S. Check Ubuntu Studio if you're interested in audio/video production OS.


installing ubuntu on to a pc without an os with a usb stick

Sounds like your USB drive is not bootable. Maybe try downloading the .iso again (make sure you get 32 or 64 bit depending on your hardware).

There are applications that make the drive bootable for you, Universal Pen Drive is a good one. Just copying a .zip or .iso onto a USB drive does not make it bootable.

After re downloading Ubuntu and making a bootable usb, hold down f12 (or option depending on your hardware) and it should pull up a list of bootable drives.

Another thing to check is the format of the USB drive before you try to put ubuntu on it, I'd use Fat 32.


Looks like bug #1899218 - Incorrect warning from apparmor_parser on force complained profiles, see https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apparmor/+bug/1899218


Ubuntu 16.04 Error occurred while editing grub-efi-amd64-signed and shim-signed

ok I found a programm called "Boot Repair". It fixed the problem!
Link to the programm if somebody has a similar problem:
LINK


ls' sort order is defined by your locale's collation setting. You can easily check this with the locale command:

$ locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en_US
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC=de_DE.UTF-8
LC_TIME=de_DE.UTF-8
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY=de_DE.UTF-8
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER=de_DE.UTF-8
LC_NAME=de_DE.UTF-8
LC_ADDRESS=de_DE.UTF-8
LC_TELEPHONE=de_DE.UTF-8
LC_MEASUREMENT=de_DE.UTF-8
LC_IDENTIFICATION=de_DE.UTF-8
LC_ALL=

Important for sorting is the LC_COLLATE value. In my example above, it would sort according to the rules for en_US.UTF.8 localization, which would sort file names case-insensitive and seems to ignore punctuation characters.

You can temporarily override your global settings with an environment variable. E.g. the C locale/collation would sort by the raw ASCII value, so all uppercase letters are before lowercase.

LC_COLLATE=C ll


In Evince, don't see the option to add an annotation

Press that clipboard thing on your screenshot (To the right of the magnifying glass). There you may add annotations.


You need to install the codec to allow your video program to understand MPEG-4 AAC audio. The Ubuntu site doesn't have the 9.10 Karmic packages listed anymore, but it is probably the same as in 10.04 Lucid.

So, you need to install the faad codec and tools which are in the universe repository.

You could try using a terminal program and typing

sudo apt-get install faad libfaad2

If that doesn't help, let us know what video program you are using.

For the ubuntu movie player, this might help http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1214139

Or this is for VLC, http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1279156


First step would be to ensure you Samsung 850 Evo is working up to capacity.

Use hdparm command to reveal speed:

$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/nvme0n1p1

/dev/nvme0n1p1:
 Timing cached reads:   22162 MB in  2.00 seconds = 11095.29 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 450 MB in  0.20 seconds = 2279.92 MB/sec

If the last line is less than say 1500 MB/sec you might have a problem. There are a number of places you can check to bumping up Samsung 850 EVO speed in Linux. Here is one example: Samsung SSD 850 Pro slow speed


Since you are backgrounding Xvfb, openbox-session is started almost immediately after Xfvb is started. So the display isn't ready yet when openbox-session starts. Something like:

sleep5; DISPLAY=:1 /usr/bin/openbox-session &

Should give Xvfb enough time to start the display.


Did you installed Ubuntu 12.04 with Home folder encryption ON, if yes then you have to reinstall the Ubuntu 12.04 with encryption OFF, and if no then I think you have installed grub in a wrong partition.


Unable to connect to libvirt on Virtual Machine Manager?

Just solved this issue for myself.

Generate a public key pair on the machine virt-manager is used. Note that this is placed into the default key file. If you already have one it will ask you to override. If you do you will have to distribute this key everywhere you used it previously.

# ssh-keygen -t rsa

Remote login without a password, or with a passphrase, requires an SSH key to be distributed to the systems being managed. Use the ssh-copy-id to do this. Change root to be the user you want to log into the daemon as, logging in as root is risky. I use my local user on the host machine. Replace id_rsa.pub with the public part of the key you generated above. id_rsa.pub is the default. You will be asked to log into the remote machines via ssh for the copy to take place. This is your users (in my case root) ssh password not the pass-phrase of the key you just created.

# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@host2.example.com
root@host2.example.com's password:

Now try logging into the host machine, with the ssh. Check that .ssh/authorized_keys file to make sure unexpected keys have not been added. A simple cat of the file to see if its the same should do.

Do this step for all other systems you wish to log into via virt-manager from your current system.

Now to make things automatic in the GUI you need to add the key to the ssh-agent so that it can log in for you.

# ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

Now you should be able to shh into the machine through a terminal and not be asked for any passphrase or password.

Now try virt-manager.

If your getting issues with the agent failing to authenticate you, check out the last link in the sources with regards to a bug that hit me at this stage.

Sources:

Managing Virtual Hosts:

https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Virtualization_Administration_Guide/chap-Virtualization_Administration_Guide-Remote_management_of_virtualized_guests.html

shh-agent bug:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/%2Bsource/openssh/%2Bbug/201786

Seems that ssh-agent can crash at some points and not accept keys from calling ssh-add for some reason. Not clear on this however the suggest setting of the SSH_AUTH_SOCK=0 helped get past this for me.

Once the key and its linked into the agent you should automatically be logged in via virt-manager.


Seen the same issue, fixed it by running:

sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup

After this the VM was able to boot.


Chromium freezes intermittent at each few seconds

The same problem here. Ubuntu 19.10 destroyed my notebook. Freezes mouse on chromium with each new click. You can't use the browser. Ubuntu 19.10 is horrible for GATEWAY N570. Maximum regret to update.


How to find all files with size greater than...?

In the shell tools we have find:

find / -size +1M

For files over 1 megabyte.
And in the GUI's we have the Disk Usage Analitizer (baobab):

sudo apt-get install baobab
baobad

There is a bunch more on this question of SuperUser, but for all ends and propose baobad is enough.


Check the file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades

Look for the following line:

APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";

'1' means enabled, '0' means disabled. Edit the config file to the setting you want.


First you have to download the .zip version of redshift from:

https://github.com/jonls/redshift

Then you have to install the dependencies:

autotools, gettext
intltool, libtool
libdrm (Optional, for DRM support)
libxcb, libxcb-randr (Optional, for RandR support)
libX11, libXxf86vm (Optional, for VidMode support)
geoclue (Optional, for geoclue support)
python3, pygobject, pyxdg (Optional, for GUI support)
appindicator (Optional, for Ubuntu-style GUI status icon)

as mentioned here

And now you do the installation:

    sudo apt-get install build-essential libxcb-randr0-dev
   ./bootstrap
   ./configure --enable-randr --prefix=$HOME/redshift/root \
       --with-systemduserunitdir=$HOME/.config/systemd/user
    make
    make install

and now:

$HOME/redshift/root/bin/redshift-gtk

I am in Colombia so the the config file I use is: (lat:lon from Colombia)

; Global settings for redshift
[redshift]
; Set the day and night screen temperatures
temp-day=6500
temp-night=4500

; Enable/Disable a smooth transition between day and night
; 0 will cause a direct change from day to night screen temperature.
; 1 will gradually increase or decrease the screen temperature
transition=1

; Set the screen brightness. Default is 1.0
;brightness=1.0
; It is also possible to use different settings for day and night since version 1.8.
brightness-day=1.0
brightness-night=1.0
; Set the screen gamma (for all colors, or each color channel individually)
gamma=0.8
;gamma=0.8:0.7:0.8

; Set the location-provider: 'geoclue', 'gnome-clock', 'manual'
; type 'redshift -l list' to see possible values
; The location provider settings are in a different section.
;location-provider=geoclue

; Set the adjustment-method: 'randr', 'vidmode'
; type 'redshift -m list' to see all possible values
; 'randr' is the preferred method, 'vidmode' is an older API
; but works in some cases when 'randr' does not.
; The adjustment method settings are in a different section.
adjustment-method=randr

; Configuration of the location-provider:
; type 'redshift -l PROVIDER:help' to see the settings
; ex: 'redshift -l manual:help'
[manual]
lat=4.610078
lon=-74.082336

; Configuration of the adjustment-method
; type 'redshift -m METHOD:help' to see the settings
; ex: 'redshift -m randr:help'
; In this example, randr is configured to adjust screen 1.
; Note that the numbering starts from 0, so this is actually the second screen.
[randr]
screen=0

And that solved my problem


I create scientific python applications, so I often have to carry about plenty variables, plots and so on. My favourite is just Ipython3

If you want to see all your variables use:

[1] whos

To have a look at the whole history (not only current session), you can use the built-in magic command history:

[2] %history -g

If you like spyder and scientific use of pyhton, I recommend you to have a closer look to Ipython3.

You might also have a closer look at gedit.
For gedit you can activate the terminal plugin. So you have one window splitted into text editor and a terminal, where you can run python or Ipython and type your code into .py files simultaneously.


Install wireless drivers on a Dell e1505 manually

When  I have been stuck away from home without internet trying to install the Broadcom WIFI packages I did find a very useful way was to use the installation source (for me it was a USB pen drive - which I had usually as I had just done a reinstall as I had broken my netbook!)

I found from experience that I could not always rely on getting to an ethernet connection so used the following method which draws from resources on the installation USB.

It meant that I could get up and running on my own (not having windows meant I had to be able to do this)
This guide is from one of the Community Help Wiki and gives an excellent guide to all things Broadcom but this link is specifically about trying it offline.

Install Broadcom with no internet access - Community Wiki

In reality installs the bcmwl-kernel-source package from the restricted folder under ../pool/restricted/b/bcmwl on the Ubuntu install media/USB/CD

Have a go and let us know how you get on.


How do I install 32-bit packages on 64-bit Ubuntu?

To install the 32-bit version of a package, you simply need to use package:i386 when installing the package, rather than simply package.

For example, to install the 32-bit version of r-base you would run sudo apt-get install r-base:i386.


Making my server virtual - what happens to my LVMs?

Volume information is stored on the disks, so it should be no problem as long as you can attach your physical volumes directly to the new virtual machine. The procedure would be no different than if you moved the disks into a new computer.

http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/recipemovevgtonewsys.html

13.6. Moving a volume group to another system

It is quite easy to move a whole volume group to another system if, for example, a user department acquires a new server. To do this we use the vgexport and vgimport commands.

Note

vgexport/vgimport is not necessary to move drives from one system to another. It is an administrative policy tool to prevent access to volumes in the time it takes to move them.

13.6.1. Unmount the file system

First, make sure that no users are accessing files on the active volume, then unmount it

# unmount /mnt/design/users

13.6.2. Mark the volume group inactive

Marking the volume group inactive removes it from the kernel and prevents any further activity on it.

# vgchange -an design
vgchange -- volume group "design" successfully deactivated

13.6.3. Export the volume group

It is now necessary to export the volume group. This prevents it from being accessed on the ``old'' host system and prepares it to be removed.

# vgexport design
vgexport -- volume group "design" successfully exported

When the machine is next shut down, the disk can be unplugged and then connected to it's new machine

13.6.4. Import the volume group

When plugged into the new system it becomes /dev/sdb so an initial pvscan shows:

# pvscan
pvscan -- reading all physical volumes (this may take a while...)
pvscan -- inactive PV "/dev/sdb1"  is in EXPORTED VG "design" [996 MB / 996 MB free]
pvscan -- inactive PV "/dev/sdb2"  is in EXPORTED VG "design" [996 MB / 244 MB free]
pvscan -- total: 2 [1.95 GB] / in use: 2 [1.95 GB] / in no VG: 0 [0]

We can now import the volume group (which also activates it) and mount the file system.

If you are importing on an LVM 2 system, run:

# vgimport design
  Volume group "design" successfully imported

If you are importing on an LVM 1 system, add the PVs that need to be imported:

# vgimport design /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
vgimport -- doing automatic backup of volume group "design"
vgimport -- volume group "design" successfully imported and activated

13.6.5. Activate the volume group

You must activate the volume group before you can access it.

# vgchange -ay design

13.6.6. Mount the file system

# mkdir -p /mnt/design/users
# mount /dev/design/users /mnt/design/users

The file system is now available for use.


How do I create partitions for a dual boot (Ubuntu then Windows) on a new HDD?

Start over, and do this...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB (something newer than 16.04)
using gparted, lay down a fresh GPT partition table (this will wipe the disk) if a UEFI computer, or MBR partition table (this will wipe the disk) if a BIOS computer
boot to a Windows install disc
install a fresh Windows installation
boot to Windows
in Windows, disable Fast Boot and hibernation
using Windows Disk Management application, shrink the C: drive partition
using Windows Disk Management application, create a new NTFS partition to share files
in your BIOS, disable Secure Boot
boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB (something newer than 16.04)
install Ubuntu "Along side of Windows"
reboot the computer


ACPI error when installing ubuntu 16.04 in HP Pavilion 15-bc513tx

HP customer care is pathetic I must say. Also they have a messed up UEFI system which makes things complicated. I have formatted nearly 100 systems and installed Ubuntu/Fedora/Redhat/Linux mint but never faced this issue.

I solved the problem myself after 4 hours of struggle. If anyone struggling for this... I am mentioning the hacks below

Just edit the grub boot file pressing "e" and add the following boot options just after the word "quite splash" ...

pci=nommconf modprobe.blacklist=nouveau

"modprobe.blacklist=nouveau" basically ignore the ACPI errors but don't solve it, solving ACPI errors need to add the option ACPI=off  or  lib.noacpi=1. But this option may lead to inactiveness of input devices mouse/touchpad/keyboard. So just ignore it.

Now press F10 and start booting into Ubuntu...

Once the installation starts and you see some dots are blinking (as if the system is searching for something), just unplug your bootable USB and re-plug it on the same port (in case it is DVD-ROM, just open the tray and close). You are done!!!

The trick can save your few hours and obviously save you from going to a "breaking head" situation.

GOOD LUCK.


How can I transfer the users from an old mysql install with having access to ONLY the physical files?

ANOTHER QUESTION I FIGURED OUT!!! First, I renamed the folder of the old mysql folder with the database files. Then, I copied it to the server, reloaded phpmyadmin and the new database was there, I then exported the user table and imported it to the new user table. And Voila! My old users were transfered!


Google Desktop shortcut Ctrl + Ctrl weird behavior

I remember that there was always unstable results when I used Google Desktop in 10.04 and 10.10 with Ctrl+Ctrl. And I've never left the shortcut key for Google Desktop with its default.

Ctrl+Ctrl is unpractical any way.

So I always change the shortcut key to something else and Google Desktop works fine. Use  Ctrl+G for example.

You can change it in the preference:


What is http://LnxRelease-02/deb in Software and updates -> Other software?

This is from TeamViewer.  Whomever built the .deb and .rpm packages incorrectly included their internal repository address, instead of the public external repository.

apt, zypper, yum, & etc. will fail as this is not resolvable outside of the TeamViewer internal network.  At least for OpenSuSE, this repo is listed as 'tvinternal.repo'.

I went to the TeamViewer website and just downloaded the latest .rpm package, then uninstalled the old one, and installed the newly downloaded rpm package.

{21}# rpm -e `rpm -qa | grep teamviewer`
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/teamviewerd.service.
Clearing assignments ...
done
warning: /etc/zypp/repos.d/tvinternal.repo saved as /etc/zypp/repos.d/tvinternal.repo.rpmsave

{22}# rm /etc/zypp/repos.d/tvinternal.repo.rpmsave

{23}# zypper -v in ./teamviewer-suse_15.5.3.x86_64.rpm
...

{24}# ls /etc/zypp/repos.d/t*.repo
teamviewer.repo

Now updates work as expected.

HTH.
--PSK


Sony MDR-XB650BT wireless headphones not charging

I feel really stupid now after two hour googling, but actually a simple reset of the headphones was sufficient. The headphones charge and work as expected.


Problems restoring partition with "fsarchiver restfs": it gets stuck!

Problem solved! I just needed to partition the drive before starting the restore procedure with fsarchiver.


Dropbox is doing this, not Ubuntu, because it would cause problems if you synced with a Windows machine at some point as Windows is case-insensitive.
From Dropbox help:

Case conflicts
Linux computers allow you to have two files or folders with the same name but different capitalization. However, Mac and Windows won't differentiate file or folder names by case. Therefore, if Dropbox comes across linux directories named "Sample folder" and "sample folder" (lowercase "s"), it will still sync both folders to Mac and Windows computers, but one will appear as a copy of the original file and appended with case conflict.


How to configure Qt to access standard icon resources/themes?

Qt's resource system is for icons you bundle with your program. It's not the same thing as the system icon theme. To use a system icon, here's what you do:

Click the triangle next to icon in Qt Designer's property editor. You'll see a Theme row in the expanded view which accepts arbitrary text.
Find your icon theme in /usr/share/icons, check what the icon's filename is, and then check the XDG Icon Naming Specification to make sure you're using the official name and not some compatibility alias for an older desktop that not all themes will provide.
Fill in the icon's filename, without the extension, in the Theme row. Qt will use this to request the icon from the system theme at runtime. If you got the name right, you should see the icon appear in the Qt Designer preview immediately after pasting or typing the last letter of the name.
As a fallback, you need to also build a resource from the icons. According to the Qt docs, you can use rcc -project to generate a resource file from the icon theme but I've yet to do that, so you'll have to figure out the minutae of that yourself.

I'd probably just add the icons to a resource bundle manually using the Resource Browser and then set the Normal Off row below Theme since Qt Designer's behaviour seems to indicate that it'll be treated as a fallback for the system icon theme.


Connecting Ubuntu Desktop 18.04 from Windows via Network Cable using ssh(putty)

Yes it is possible using any ethernet cable. Now a days the network cards are smart enough to do crossover themselves hence we don't need a specific crossover ethernet cable to do this direct connection.

Reference Link.


You'll probably have to convert the chm file through an intermediary file format such as PDF.

Two packages are available in synaptic manager/software center, pdf2djvu and chm2pdf

Suggested conversion syntax for an example.chm file:

chm2pdf --book example.chm
pdf2djvu -o example.djvu example.pdf


Installing ubuntu on a mac mini using blutooth mouse/keyboard

I did not get that to work either, i found it easyer to just plug in a usb mouse/kb afterwards once its installed bluetooth kb worked for me.


How can I merge separate non-contiguous partitions?

The comments by wjandrea and oldfred are worth heeding. Some additional observations and comments:

From the sizes you've specified, I'm guessing you don't want to keep the Fedora installation on /dev/sda11. If so, you can delete it and move or resize partitions to reclaim the space for Ubuntu on /dev/sda15.
You may need to use gdisk to delete the /dev/sda11 partition, if that's part of what you want to do. The reason is that /dev/sda11 is a logical volume manager (LVM) partition, and I'm not sure if GParted will let you disable the LVM setup. (There are ways to do this manually, but describing how would take a while.) Reboot as soon as you've deleted the partition, if you use gdisk for this task. Note I have more to say on LVM later....
GParted doesn't know mount points for quite a few Linux partitions, including /dev/sda13, /dev/sda8, /dev/sda12, and /dev/sda9. /dev/sda14 is mounted at a subdirectory of /media, which makes me think it's not really part of the Ubuntu installation. Overall, this looks like you've installed several Linux distributions on the computer in a rather haphazard way. Perhaps some of these partitions are in use by other distributions you want to keep; but if you want to set this up as a dual-boot between Ubuntu and Windows, you may want to consolidate more than just /dev/sda11.
/dev/sda5 is a second EFI System Partition (ESP), but Ubuntu is using /dev/sda2 as its ESP, and Windows is almost certainly using /dev/sda2, as well.
See the How to resize partitions question, or any of many online tutorials on GParted, for general information on resizing and moving partitions. Note that you'll need to boot using an emergency disk (or one of those other Linux distributions, if my supposition that many are installed is correct) to move or resize the Ubuntu partition. This is because GParted won't let you move or resize any partition that's currently mounted, and the currently-booted OS's partition is necessarily mounted.
Before you start mucking about with GParted, back up your data!! Resizing partitions carries some risk, especially if you change the start point of the partition. The risk isn't all that huge, but the consequences of problems are significant, including total loss of all data on the partition, so having a backup is vital.
If my supposition that you've been installing (and then deleting or changing) multiple Linux distributions is correct, you may want to look into using logical volume manager (LVM). LVM has a learning curve, but it greatly simplifies filesystem management -- you can create and delete filesystems much like you'd create and delete files, so you needn't be concerned with the start and end points; and you can easily extend or shrink a filesystem without being concerned about creating or spanning gaps between partitions. Your /dev/sda11 is an LVM partition, presumably because Fedora uses it by default. Depending on your needs, you could convert some other partitions into LVM partitions and expand on that base; or delete most or all of your Linux partitions and create one or more new LVM partitions. Converting Ubuntu to use LVM will require jumping through some awkward hoops or re-installing, though.
You have an NTFS partition (/dev/sda7) in the middle of your Linux partitions. Depending on what other partitions you end up deleting and how you want to use the remaining space, you might want to move this partition closer to what looks like your other main NTFS partition (/dev/sda4). On a spinning hard disk, this will help optimize performance; and when performing disk management, having them closer together may help avoid confusion. OTOH, moving it carries some risk.


Dual-boot Ubuntu/Windows 7 upgrade to Windows 10 failed

oldfred, thank you for all the good suggestions and links.  I'm reviewing them for future reference.

In the meantime, I did get Windows 10 to finally successfully install. The reason the recovery disks were not working was because the boot order had been changed in this machine to search disk before DVD drive and grub rescue was always grabbing control.  I have never had a machine with this ordering so I was surprised that the DVD wasn't being accessed.  Once this ordering was corrected in the boot prom, I was able to use the recommended repairs from the boot-repair-disk discusses here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

After running this repair the machine booted directly into Windows and completed the upgrade.  The one disappointment was that even though this was a GRUB repair tool, GRUB seems to be gone now, along with access to the old Ubuntu installation.  I've rebooted a number of times and tried to drop into the GRUB menu during boot using the ESC key, but Windows always boots immediately, so I do not think GRUB is active any longer.  This was fine with me in this case, but it would be a problem for others attempting the upgrade.

I don't know if this makes a difference, but this was a machine with a native Windows 7 installation which had Linux added later.  Possibly the results would vary on a native Linux machine that was partitioned for Windows.


Intel Sky Lake Graphics Card - Random Black/Blank Screens on external screen

I have a notebook with the exact same video device, it is a Lenovo Ideapad 310. Soon after I installed Ubuntu 16.04 on it, I noticed it had many issues: monitors not being properly detected, wireless and bluetooth failures, USB 3.0 port unable to eject devices, lid not being understood, well, the problems of a new system not being properly supported.

To solve most of them (unless the USB 3.0 problem), I have installed the linux-generic-hwe-16.04 package. Before installing the package, the kernel the computer had was 4.4.0.xx, then it started using the 4.8.0.xx, which added more support to Skylake systems.

However, I needed to go further due to the USB 3.0 problem, so I use the kernel from here. I don't recommend you to install kernels from there, unless if there are significant problems the stable kernels don't solve.

If you are on Ubuntu 16.04, I would recommend to update the kernel to version 4.8.0.xx, as available on repositories as linux-generic-hwe-16.04, which was enough to stop monitor issues.

I am using a external monitor connected to a VGA port (its a Display Port for the processor, but the connection is VGA) now, and I can use its HDMI to connect to my TV, being able to see Full HD media with no problem.

If this don't solve, you could try to use another desktop to test if Cinnamon is causing the problems. The xfwm4 of Xubuntu is being flawless to me, even with the 4.4.0.xx kernel it was.

uname -a

Linux ideapad 4.10.4-041004-generic #201703180831 SMP Sat Mar 18 12:34:07 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux


Go to http://igdm.me and click on github on the top of the site then click on releases and download lastes release IGdm_2.5.1_amd64.deb (for x64 system) or IGdm_2.5.1_i386.deb (for x32 system) then install it


depends on the underlying filesystem BUT in most cases its NOT recommended to do this anyway - except you are using a LVM which is designed to do this.

With only one partition its sure that this one is the root partition and that is used (mounted) when your system runs...

WHY don't you want to use a live cd?


New to Ubuntu, trying to install and run WoW MOP & LoL

I hope you installed Ubuntu alongside Windows because if this fails then you can always go back to playing the games on Windows and doing work etc... on Ubuntu.

Let's go through this step by step:

League of Legends:
WineHQ page

World of Warcraft:
WineHQ page

Both LoL and WoW seem to have good test reports for Wine 1.5 (beta) so run the following command in Terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install wine1.5

that will install the beta version of Wine (as well as keeping it updated). You can then download each installer, right-click on them in your file manager and click:
Open With > Wine Windows Program Loader
then run the installer WITHOUT CHANGING ANY OF THE DEFAULTS.
The desktop links don't normally work, so try finding the actual executable in '~/.wine/drive_c/Program Files' in your file manager (press Ctrl + H to see hidden files like .wine)

You can also try:

sudo apt-get install wine1.4

after adding the PPA as mentioned before to try the 'stable' version of Wine.

This probably won't work, so go to the webpages that I linked you to and check on there for solutions to bugs. I couldn't get LoL to work but it would be great if you could.


This may be an Ubuntu bug in File Roller (the default archiver installed in Ubuntu).

To work around this, you can use the Terminal. Use the following commands :

cd [DIRECTORY]
tar -xvzf [ARCHIVE NAME]

**  Right click on the file and select Properties. Copy the content under Location. Replace the [DIRECTORY] by it. Do the same and Copy the content under Name . Replace [ARCHIVE NAME] with it.

The first command changes your current working directory to the directory containing the archive. The second command invokes the tar utility to extract the file.


Gimp: Export every layer as a separate PNG image

If PNG is an acceptable output format, one option is to export it as Open Raster (.ora), an open specification for layered-image files.

Export Image as Open Raster (.ora)

File -> Export As ...

myfile.ora
Open myfile.ora as an archive, with a program like file-roller or 7zip.

On Ubuntu:

$ file-roller myfile.ora

$ # note, later version of file-roller on ubuntu hard-code file suffixes,
  # and refuse to open ".ora" files, work around by renaming the file to ".zip"
$ ln -s myfile.ora myfile.ora.zip
$ file-roller myfile.ora.zip

alternatively

$ unzip myfile.ora

All your layers will be png images under /data, Extract them and use at will.


How can I switch from Easypeasy to Ubuntu

It would be a much easier to just do a fresh installation of Ubuntu on your existing partitions. Installation process is simple and reliable. Messing with apt sources and upgrading - definitely not. So make a backup copy of your files and then install fresh Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.


How do I change the Sound Menu's default music player?

It doesn't matter which music player is default. When you install banshee or rhythmbox it should add itself to the sound menu. However you need to logout and then login again to see the changes in the sound menu.

However just to make sure, click Edit -> Preferences -> Extensions and see if the sound menu extension is enabled. (See the screenshot below for more details)


How can I sort out a resolution problem with Icewind Dale in Wine?

There are definitely some things that might be helpful for you regarding Icewind Dale in wine:

1) If the windowed mode in your game is not available in the options, you can run wine in windowed mode via the 'virtual desktop' setting (see further below). However, before you alter the wine setting, you must also enable windowed mode by running the Icewind Dale config tool in the Icewind Dale game folder in your .wine prefix.

Now, go to Wine configuration in the Xubuntu Wine menu, go to Applications and select your Icewind Dale executable and create a profile for it; in that application profile you can have custom settings for audio, graphics,etc (i.e. all the settings tabs that are available). In the graphics section you can set a 'windowed' mode via the 'virtual desktop' setting; just set the resolution, as the screenshot below shows, and save your settings.

2) Another possibility is that you could run Icewind Dale in GemRB, which is a native SDL port of the Infinity Engine, which Icewind Dale uses. You could use your existing game files, and install further infinity engine games with wine, and then point gemrb to the files, as noted here. There is also a gemrb launcher that may be useful. It is possible to successfully play through Icewind Dale 1, but not the expansions. This is definitely a possibility for you and any fans of the Infinity Engine games. Further details on how well the games are supported is noted here, and the Baldur's Gate series run particularly well in gemRB.

Icewind Dale running in windowed mode with wine.


Ubuntu on virtual box without IP address

First, verify network connectivity on your host, where the Virtual Box is running.

Second, shut your virtual ubuntu machine down.

Edit the setting, go to the network properties of the virtual machine and verify that network is bridged, cable connected is checked.

Start your virtual machine.

If using a desktop, then logon to the VM. Find the icon which looks like an up/down arrow, right click and choose edit connections.

Highlight the appropriate connection and choose edit. Verify your settings. if not using DHCP, then pay special attention to netmask and gateway properties.
Once complete, save your settings and exit the dialog.

Right click on the Up/Down Arrow icon again, select disable networking, give it a moment, the repeat the process to Enable Networking.

If logging in from a text console, e would want to verify the values in the /etc/network/interfaces file.

ifconfig -a

This will provide a list of all active network adapters the system is able to see.

next, sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

The file should resemble the following, more or less:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

For the value shown with ifconfig -a, substitute with eth0.

I hope this helps.


Is this Ubuntu One DBus signal connection code correct?

The signature argument to the connect method looks wrong.
Funny as it looks, it should be just "a{ss}".

That already means "array of dictionary items with string as key and string as value", so the added part "(Dict of {String, String})" may happen to be interpreted the wrong way. Similarly, the signature for the CredentialsNotFound D-Bus signal should not be "(nothing)", it should be just an empty string like "".

To familiarize yourself with the other data types that D-Bus offers try a tutorial like this:
http://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-python/doc/tutorial.html#data-types


I think maybe your computer does not support UEFI - there's a lot of reporting around troubles with installing on the v570, but it looks like some people found a solution back in 2012 - this might be what you need to do


Ubuntu 16.10 can't get anything to work not Steam, nor Plex, and not updates

I would probably reinstall video drivers that you have, or install video drivers. If you run 'apt-cache search radeon' you will see many xorg drivers available, go ahead and install the apropriate one.

You can see the current one installed, if there is one, by running 'dpkg -l | grep xorg'

All the information available at this link is too much to post, but there is a great Ubuntu tutorial on identifying the graphics card you have, and links to instructions on installing graphics drivers here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RadeonDriver

Installing Radeon graphics drivers

I am going off of the assumption that running this command 'lspci -nn | grep VGA' shows 'Sapphire Radeon HD 7850' while going through the link above. This cars uses the PITCAIRN chipset, part of the Radeon HD 7800 series. These are supported by this driver for Ubuntu 16.04 and 14.04.
If you have tried this, or any other video driver install before, but failed, please see this page: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Troubleshooting/VideoDriverDetection#Problem:_Need_to_purge_-fglrx to learn how to purge the old video driver out of your system.
To install the driver for your card, simply run 'sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati'

dirsrv-admin.service - 389 Administration Server.
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dirsrv-admin.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since sön 2016-12-11 12:32:43 CET; 6ms ago
  Process: 16983 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/apache2 -k start -f /etc/dirsrv/admin-serv/httpd.conf (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)


How to make sound output volume above 100% permanently

Try installing pavucontrol from Synaptic Package Manager. It's worth a shot, my volume is remembered between cold boots since installing it.


Ubuntu does not recognize existing Windows partitions in a GPT disk

Ha!!
Thanks a lot for this answer!
When I wanted to install Ubuntu 13.04 alongside Windows 7, I had the same problem - Ubuntu's installation wouldn't recognize that Win 7 was installed, so it never offered the possibility to install Ubuntu alongside Windows.

Trying to troubleshoot, GParted recognized the HD as 1 non-allocated space.
This is even though Ubuntu 12.10 was installed (but corrupted because of an update, which was the reason for upgrading to 13.04 in the first place...)

Bottom lines:

By using Window 7's diskmgmt.msc I recreated free space where Ubuntu 12.10 was originally installed.
I ran the 13.04 installation - and boom! Ubuntu recognizes Windows - I see the option to "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7".
FYI, Ubuntu installation overtook all the un-allocated disk space automatically, and also allocated SWAP space.
When rebooting I faced another problem - instead of Ubuntu 13.04, I was still seeing Ubuntu 12.10...
This was clearly a grub problem.
To solve this problem, I used the default instructions for BootRepair:
Found here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

5. Hallelujah !!   ;)


I simply put the cable the wrong way...

So if you ever happen to be in the same case, and you are using a mini-DVI to VGA adapter or just mini-DVI, just mke sure you plugged it the right way: the shape of mini-DVI doesn't prevent you for pluggiing it upside down. I think they all have a logo and it should be on top. If you ever plug it upside-down, like below, ubuntu might detect the cable, but won't recognize the monitor.


Backup tools for backup Linux and Windows systems with encryption

Try Veeam agent for linux, it encrypts backup before sending it to the storage since v2.0. Can't say much about their windows agent though, howvere I'd expect it to have source-side encryption available too.


Yes, it's possible to merge unallocated space with /dev/sda1.

Boot from Ubuntu live disk or gparted live disk.
Note that your unallocated space is just outside of your extended partition. Open gparted partition editor, right-click on the extended partition(/dev/sda2) and select Resize/Move option.
Move the right-arrow to  extreme right, so that the  unallocated space will comes under your extended partition(just below to your swap partition).
Now right-click on your swap partition and select Resize/Move option. Move the dragger to the extreme right, so that the unallocated space would come before to your swap partition(just above to your swap).
After that, you can be able to get out of the unallocated space from that extended partition by right-clicking on the extended partition(/dev/sda2) and selecting Resize/Move option. Then shrink it's space, so that the unallocated space present inside your extended partition will get out of that.
After doing the above step, now your unallocated space would come just above to your /dev/sda2 extended partition.
Finally, now you can be able to resize(increase the space of) your /dev/sda1 partition.

NOTE: Make sure that all the partitions are unmounted before doing the above operations.


Since I cannot found a error or a fix for the problem, I tried switching off the lap by long-press power key and turn on again. Well, surprisingly it worked. :)


Ubuntu 16.04 - kernel packages have been kept back

If the upgrade of an existing package would require a "new" package (e.g. not-yet-installed) to be installed, then that particular existing package will be "kept back."
According to the man apt-get, upgrade by default does not install other not-yet-installed packages:

upgrade
... under no circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not already installed retrieved and installed.
--with-new-pkgs
Allow installing new packages when used in conjunction with upgrade. This is useful if the update of a installed package requires new dependencies to be installed. Instead of holding the package back upgrade will upgrade the package and install the new dependencies. ...

so, --with-new-pkgs needs to be added to allow inclusion of the related other packages.
sudo apt-get --with-new-pkgs upgrade

--with-new-pkgs allows the related "not-yet-installed" packages to be installed with a Y/n interactive prompt.
Also, as an added benefit, sudo apt-get --with-new-pkgs upgrade does NOT have side affect of causing packages to be marked as manually installed.

Update
Ubuntu 18.04 provides a newer, streamlined syntax of apt which can be used instead of apt-get.
sudo apt upgrade --with-new-pkgs


How do I install Google Chrome dev version?

You can download Google Chrome's dev version here:

http://www.chromium.org/getting-involved/dev-channel

Do note that Google Chrome's binaries automatically add the repositories. So, you will receive updates as and when Google Chrome's dev version is updated.


To install I-Nex in 16.04, use these command in a Terminal

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:i-nex-development-team/daily
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nemh/gambas3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install i-nex


Consider to reinstall both players with:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall vlc smplayer

and also reinstall the package with libdouble-conversion.so.1 library:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libdouble-conversion1


How to export Firefox plugins & Settings to other users?

Tar up the .mozilla folder you want to use for all users, and untar it to all the accounts you wish to copy the settings/profile/extensions to. For example, if you want to copy the Firefox settings/extensions/profiles of the root user to users john and jane:

sudo -s
cd /root/
tar -czvf mozilla.tar.gz .mozilla
tar -zxvf /root/mozilla.tar.gz -C /home/john
tar -zxvf /root/mozilla.tar.gz -C /home/jane
chown -R john:john /home/john/.mozilla
chwon -R jane:jane /home/jane/.mozilla

If you have a large number of users, you could always write a script to untar /root/mozilla.tar.gz to each user's home directory:

for dest in `find /home/* -maxdepth 0 -type d -not -path '*/\.*' -not -path '*/lost+found' -printf '%f\n'`;
do
  tar -zxf "/root/mozilla.tar.gz" -C "/home/$dest"
  chown -R "$dest:$dest" "/home/$dest/.mozilla"
done

IMPORTANT: The above will not work if users have encrypted home folders, and they're not signed in. It also assumes the users' home directories have the same name as their usernames. If user john's home directory is /home/johnsmith, the above script will not work.


Skype 4.2 with ubuntu 12.04 64bit not work fine

You are getting the above message because you are starting SKYPE (and this is so far the only way to do it) with the command in a terminal:

PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC=30 LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so skype

However, this command only works after installing the ia32-libs package that contains the v4l1compat.so file, which is possible using the following procedure:

There is a workaround using ia32-libs from a previous distribution (13.04). This has been tested with the release candidate of 13.10 and all is well and functional.

Install Synaptic from terminal window:

sudo apt-get install synaptic

Launch synaptic and goto “settings > Repositories” click “other software > add”
    insert this line in the box:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main restricted universe multiverse

Click OK and close synaptic.
In terminal type:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

[For more details and a technical  explanation of the above see here and here ]


Dual Boot Windows 8 - Ubuntu 14 : GPT destruction with GDISK, computer no more starts

The z option in gdisk completely destroys the partition table, so you effectively no longer have your Windows installation. I know of at least four solutions to this problem:

Call the manufacturer, get a Windows restore disk, and restore the system to the factory default.
Obtain a Windows retail disk and install it to your computer.
Use TestDisk or some similar tool to recover your lost partitions. You may need to then run a Windows emergency tool to make the computer boot to Windows.
Install Ubuntu to the blank disk and forget about Windows.

After any of these options, you can try again with your Ubuntu installation, but you'll probably need to use the "Something Else" option if you want to dual-boot with Windows, since most (all?) people who've tried it report that "Install Alongside" doesn't work on GPT disks.

Note that the first two options will leave you with a fresh Windows installation. If you have user data files on the disk, you should favor the third option, or try to recover your personal data files before proceeding with either of the first two options.


access to guest for internal drive partitions

I got the solutions for managing permissions by installing some software

I have tried mount manager and storage device manager for managing the partitions.

Both applications are good but storage device manager is easy while mountmanager have more functionalities.

those applications don't provide access to guest users but provide access to specific partitions to other user accounts.


I had my network card get disabled after this morning's Ubuntu update.  Rebooting the machine in Win10 the network card still works, so it's an Ubuntu configuration.

The way I solved it was the following:

sudo lshw -C network

This listed the "logical name" values:

logical name: enp8s0
logical name: docker0
logical name: enp0s29f7u7c4i2

I have a Dell T7400, so I know the device is a Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5754.  Dell support provides no Ubuntu drivers, but you don't really need one.  Somehow my ethernet device name was renamed.

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

Add the logical name to the end of the file:

auto enp8s0
iface enp8s0 inet dhcp

Finally, turn the interface on:

sudo ifup enp8s0


First of all, currently, the Ubuntu Touch Emulator is only available for Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr and because of this sudo apt-get install ubuntu-emulator command will work only if you have already upgraded to Ubuntu 14.04 which make the question off-topic at the moment.

Anyway, I will try an answer. One of the minimal requirements for the emulator is that the graphics card to has OpenGL support. To test if your graphics card has OpenGL support or not, you can use the glxinfo command as follow:

glxinfo | grep render

You will understand from the output if your graphics card has OpenGL support or not.

Note: mesa-utils package must to be installed in order to use glxinfo.

Another two things from the minimal requirements:

512MB of RAM dedicated for the emulator
4GB of disk space

Now, if these minimal requirements are met, I'm sure that you can start using Ubuntu Touch emulator with success. Just wait some (maybe several) minutes to come up the graphics.

Sources:

EXPERIMENTAL UBUNTU TOUCH EMULATOR RELEASED
Getting the emulator


SSH, Key-based authentication and passwords

Use the NOPASSWD tag in your /etc/sudoers policy file just like you found. Make sure, then, that you don't leave your PC unmonitored while logged-in. However, it's safer to have a sudo password (which is different from your login password—in which you are right in that it's safer to use asymmetric encryption for log-in, ie. key-based authentication).
As @AlexP suggests, backup your private key. I recommend that you store it in a CD/DVD and keep it in a safe place. This minimizes the chances that an intruder will get their hands on it.


Adding a shared host directory to an LXC/LXD Container

The instructions on https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/LXD that you mention are correct but may need a bit more explanation.

On the host you first check the ownership of the directory in which the container data is stored. Run

sudo ls -l /var/lib/lxd/containers

and check the owner of the container you would like to share the directory with. In my case the uid and gid both were 100000.

Next, use these to change the ownership of the directory you want to share:

sudo chown 100000:100000 /tmp/share_on_host

Share the directory with the container in the way you indicated in your comment:

lxc config device add mycontainer sharedtmp disk \
                  path=/tmp/share_on_guest source=/tmp/share_on_host

Now, in the container, you will see that the directory /tmp/share_on_guest (I wouldn't advise to mount your directory as /tmp because that is used by the system for other stuff and has special permissions) is owned by root. From here on you can use chown in the container to change the ownership to the appropriate uid and gid for your user in the container.

As a side note, after changing the ownership in the container to e.g. a user with uid 33 you will see on the host that the uid there is now 100033, which makes total sense.


Is this it ?
http://musicbrainz.org/doc/MusicBrainz_Picard#Download

Use archive manager and read the install.txt

http://ftp.musicbrainz.org/pub/musicbrainz/picard/picard-0.16.tar.gz

Maybe your missing something important Python ?


What is the preferred way of transfering a filesystem between two local HDD's

Rsync is meant for regularly synchronizing two copies and efficiently transferring only the changed parts.  Since you only need to copy once, cp -a will work just fine, though you should get the same results with rsync.

After copying, you will need to edit /etc/fstab on the internal disk and update the UUID of the disk.  You can look up your disks' UUIDs with:

sudo blkid

Then you will need to install grub on the internal disk.  Assuming that the internal disk is sda and you have it mounted in /mnt, do:

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sda

That will make the new disk bootable.


Making file in user's homedir accessible from web/webserver

The symbolic link will always have these permissions: lrwxrwxrwx. The "l" indicates that it is a link. Therefor, all users can follow the link because the effective permissions are those of the file to which the link points. It is never useful to try changing the permissions of a symbolic link.

The whole path from the root to the file in question must be readable by the Apache user.  So... take a look the permissions of the home folder:

ls -la /

The home directory should be owned by root, group owned by root, with 0755 permission mask by default: drwxr-xr-x. If not, change it:

sudo chown root:root /home; sudo chmod 0755 /home

Now take a look at your user's directory:

ls -la /home

If the username in question is sambo, the user's home directory should be owned by sambo, group owned by sambo, with 0755 permission mask by default: drwxr-xr-x. If not, change it:

sudo chown sambo:sambo /home/sambo; sudo chmod 0755 /home/sambo

Repeat this as many times as needed, for however many directories exist until you reach the directory that contains the file. Then, don't forget about the file itself.

sudo chown sambo:sambo /home/sambo/path/to/file/file.txt; sudo chmod 0644 /home/sambo/path/to/file/file.txt

Then use PHP to open it:

<?php
    $file = '/home/sambo/path/to/file/file.txt';
    $fp = fopen($file, 'r');

You could use the symbolic link at this point, too.


Bash script for Cisco Anyconnect VPN (error passing info)

Can you try doing something like :
echo -e "\n<password>" | /opt/cisco/anyconnect/bin/vpn -s connect [ip here]

where "<password>" is your password. Command will look like :
echo -e "\nMyPassw0rd" | /opt/cisco/anyconnect/bin/vpn -s connect [ip here]

Edit : Removed last \n as requested


Configure Evince to open maximized with 100% zoom level?

In my case I wanted it to always open documents at 150% by default, so here's what I found out that worked for me (I'm using Evince v3.22.1):

gsettings set org.gnome.Evince.Default zoom 1.5
gsettings set org.gnome.Evince.Default sizing-mode free

(I got the hint for the default zoom setting from here: https://askubuntu.com/a/214163/163034)


Calling a Python script from a button using Glade Designer

Gtk is a UI toolkit that is meant to be an event-driven framework. So the best approach would be to wait for some event to happen to execute your python code.

On Glade you can add widgets to a GtkWindow (that is also a widget), and widgets do emit what is called signals. Signals are events that indicate that something has happened. This action can be the user clicked on a button, typed some text, resized the window, etc.

A very simple example can be found here [1]

And here is a part I extracted

In the properties section, head to the signals tab having previously seleted some widget on the editor, for example a button.

As you can see in the image above, every signal has a name and can be binded to a "handler". Inside your code you have to create a function with the same name you choosed as your handle, in this case "on_window_destroy"

Then your code should look similar to this:

class TutorialApp(object):
def __init__(self):
    builder = gtk.Builder()
    builder.add_from_file("tutorial.xml")
        # Here we do the binding
    builder.connect_signals({ "on_window_destroy" : my_custom_handler })
    self.window = builder.get_object("window")
    self.window.show()

def my_custom_handler(self, widget):
    # Excecute whatever python code you want here :D

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = TutorialApp()
    gtk.main()

Source

http://www.micahcarrick.com/gtk-glade-tutorial-part-1.html [1]


In Ubuntu 14.04, adding

   /bin/bash -c "sleep 1 && /usr/bin/xmodmap /home/kuba/Settings/xmodmap"

To Autostart Entries does the job


Manage "Passwords and Keys" from the command line

Create secret with attribute myattribute=foobar

secret-tool store --label="My Label" myattribute foobar

Retrieve secret by attribute

secret-tool lookup myattribute foobar


Unable to upgrade Ubuntu Server as psa-imp won't uninstall

Fixed ! See link below that helped me figure this:

http://forum.parallels.com/showthread.php?t=75882

Seems that the password in the shadow file at /etc/psa/.psa.shadow did not match the password for user 'admin'.


Install dates

Open Dates

In Calendar > Properties > create new
 Provide the link to ical (.ics) calendar; remove https://

install compizconfig-settings-manager

Open Startup Applications

Add

Open CompizConfig Settings Manager

Go to Window Management -> Window Rules

In Size rules (adjust to your monitor)

Go to Window Management -> Place Windows -> Fixed Window Placement

Under Windows with fixed positions  (you might want to set Y = 24(task-bar height), to show the menu bar)

Thank you Kory Wnuk for the inspiration your answer gave me.


Dual boot - what happens with "Install alongside windows" ??

It doesn't look like there's a way to preview the partitions setup when you choose to "Install Ubuntu Alongside Windows".
I just chose that option, clicked "Continue", and crossed my fingers (I was trying to dual boot Windows 10 with Ubuntu 16.04). I was worried at first Ubuntu would overwrite my Windows recovery  partitions, but fortunately, Ubuntu installed itself exactly into the free space I had allocated for it with Windows disk manager (I just followed online tutorials and shrunk my Windows disk); specifically it created one swap partition (same size as my RAM) and another partition for root/home (taking up the rest of the free space). Exactly what I wanted!
UPDATE: Installing Ubuntu 20.04 LTS on a new machine with Windows 10, and there's now a confirmation window once I chose "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows Boot Manager", saying

If you continue, the changes listed below will be written to the
disks. Otherwise, you will be able to make further changes manually.
The partition tables of the following devices are changed:
/dev/nvm0n1
The following partitions are going to be formatted: partition #6 of
/dev/nvme0n1 as ext4 # this is the free space I allocated in Windows

So at least I know this installs Ubuntu in the right partition.


Ubuntu 18.04 File or window control Icons not Showing

Install the full Adwaita icon theme by doing this:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install adwaita-icon-theme-full


File names in Linux were 14 bytes long in earlier Unix version. But The modern Linux system has 255 bytes for file names.

As a character requires 1 byte, The length becomes 255 characters. Also the folders are treated as files in Linux system

See this link for more information


I can give a partial answer.  The install procedure goes like this:

The first system becomes the MAAS server, as well as having an initial juju bootstrap environment used to start installing Landscape.  MAAS is used to provision the OS on the rest of the systems.
The second system becomes the Landscape system.  Once Landscape is up and running, you are directed to the OpenStack page in Landscape where you can specify what you want each remaining node's function to be.  The OpenStack page will refuse to proceed to the node picker if Landscape doesn't see 5 free systems registered with MAAS (and some with at least 2 hard drives).
The remaining 5 nodes become the OpenStack deployment.  People more knowledgeable than me can comment on how the 5 nodes are deployed. :)  I think there were 3 storage/compute nodes, a controller-type node that ran several services, and one other that I can't remember (network exit node?).

I was able to install on 6 nodes instead of 7 by setting up the initial MAAS server, then running Landscape inside of KVM on the MAAS server and registering the KVM instance in MAAS.  If you want more detail on how I did this, I can probably dig up my notes.  I tried this with more nodes as well, but it didn't work and I gave up as I had 6 nodes anyways.

If you want to install on just a few servers to try out OpenStack, there are other options available like DevStack or OSAD.  If you want to try out Ubuntu Cloud, you will need more systems.

Note: I ran into an issue where the hardware inventory kernel that MAAS uses to inventory the hardware wouldn't recognize my NIC.  A standard ubuntu server install would recognize it.  I had to buy some different NICs before Landscape would let me proceed.


How do I install Ubuntu alongside UEFI enabled Windows 8?

You should defragment your Windows partition, as far as I know Windows comes with a tool for that.

Once defragmentation is complete you have to perform a "full shutdown" in Windows, as by default it does like a hibernation when shutting down. To do that search for cmd in Windows Search and it will point you to the command line prompt, start it and execute the following command:

shutdown /s /t 0

Now you have to start a Ubuntu live session by booting a Live-USB and choosing the option: Explore Ubuntu without installing.

When the desktop loads up, start GParted and you should see the EFI partition at the start of the partition table followed by your drive C:\ partition, click on the C:\ partition and re-size it to make room for Ubuntu partition. Click on the "Apply" button of GParted and wait until it completes the operations.

Now start the Ubuntu Installator, when it prompts you for the installation type you should choose Something Else, the last option.

And now you just select the free space and click the + button at the bottom.

Create the new partition as Primary type, using Ext 4 journaling file system and setting mounting point to /.

After installation is complete just reboot and check if everything works fine. Although, as your Windows is installed in UEFI mode you can experience problems, such as booting straight to Windows and not passing through GRUB. For problems like that you should use Ubuntu Boot-Repair tool. Also check these Q&As if in trouble: Windows 8 doesn't allow Ubuntu start-up
 and https://askubuntu.com/a/292783/21195 .


I had the same problem. I ran

sudo apt-get install udev-discover

And restarted the system.

Hope this helps!!!


For files provided by packages, you can always look up which package provided them and either reinstall that package or download the package file and extract the file. The config files found /boot are provided by linux-image-* packages:

$ dpkg -S /boot/config-3.13.0-26-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-26-generic: /boot/config-3.13.0-26-generic

Note how the config files' names all follow the pattern config-$(uname -r). uname -r is the kernel release, and looks like 3.13.0-26-generic. Since dpkg stores information on which currently installed packages added which files, as long as those packages are present, even deleted files can be look up. So you can do:

dpkg -S /boot/config-$(uname -r)

which will likely show that the file is owned by linux-image-$(uname -r).
And then either reinstall that kernel package:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-$(uname -r)

Or download the package and extract it manually:

apt-get download linux-image-$(uname -r)
ar x linux-image-$(uname -r)*.deb
tar -xf data.tar.* ./boot/config-$(uname -r)

Now the config file will be in boot/ in the directory where you extracted it.


What is the Linux equivalent of a Windows exe file?

In simple terms, what you are looking to create is a binary file, one that does not store text but is essentially a list of instructions to the Linux kernel to execute some kind of program.

Typically, these files are created by a program called a compiler. Common examples of programming languages where code is compiled to create binary executables include C, C++, and Fortran. gcc and gfortran are the corresponding programs that can turn your code into a binary executable. While it is possible to create a binary file from Python, this is not the norm.

In Linux any file can be marked as an "executable" and unlike Windows, the file extension has no bearing on its executability or its content (i.e. whether it is a binary or text file, or whether it contains C or Python code) although it can serve as a reminder. The command chmod allows you to change the read, write and execute permissions of a file with any extension. When you compile code with gcc or gfortran on a typical Linux system, it will automatically be marked as executable.


From
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/154656/etc-init-d-nis-missing-on-ubuntu/154661

  Not your fault, it's a bug in the documentation:

  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nis/+bug/1303717

  The package uses upstart, which uses files in /etc/init/ rather than /etc/init.d/.

But I also don't know how to restart nis now...

Also, it seems like no one wants nis anymore
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2259561&highlight=nis+14.04


Root Owns Home Directory, chown does not work

NTFS doesn't support Unix-style 'owners', so the Linux kernel is forced to assign an owner for the entire volume - normally, root.  As an alternative to moving your entire home directory to EXT4, you could also give ownership of the entire partition to a specific user or group using the 'uid' or 'gid' options for mount (or in fstab).  There are security implications in a multi-user environment, but I used this method on my dual-boot laptop.

A long way inside the man page for mount (man mount), we find this under filesystem-specific options for NTFS:
uid=value, gid=value and umask=value
Set  the  file permission on the filesystem.  The umask value is given in octal.  By default, the files are owned by root and not readable by somebody else.

Your line in fstab would then be changed to UUID=DC56D19E56DX3233 /home ntfs user,exec,uid=username,gid=group 0 2, and you'd be free to edit the umask if you wanted.


How to change font size in autocomplete dropbox

I don't believe it's possible with a gtkrc modification.

Even if you add this code to the end of your gtkrc:

style "fontchangetest" {
    font_name = "Sans 20"
}

class "GtkWidget" style "fontchangetest"

Restart Geany (or any GTK2 application for that matter) and a lot of the UI widgets will take this property, however the actual code editor and autocomplete list will retain the font designated by Geany.

However, let's check out the source code:

apt-get source geany
cd geany-0.20

The font for the autocomplete box is defined in scintilla/ScintillaBase.cxx, line 264:

ac.lb->SetFont(vs.styles[STYLE_DEFAULT].font);

The SetFont function is only used for the autocomplete listbox (verified with 'ack SetFont'), so no harm in changing it.

Open up scintilla/PlatGTK.cxx, navigate to line 2029. You'll see this code:

void ListBoxX::SetFont(Font &scint_font) {
    // Only do for Pango font as there have been crashes for GDK fonts
    if (Created() && PFont(scint_font)->pfd) {
        // Current font is Pango font
        gtk_widget_modify_font(PWidget(list), PFont(scint_font)->pfd);
    }
}

Replace it with:

void ListBoxX::SetFont(Font &scint_font) {
    // Only do for Pango font as there have been crashes for GDK fonts
    if (Created() && PFont(scint_font)->pfd) {
        // Current font is Pango font
        PangoFontDescription* pf = pango_font_description_from_string("Sans 6");
        gtk_widget_modify_font(PWidget(list), pf);
    }
}

Obviously you can change the 'Sans 6' to be whatever font and size you like. This is a very hacky solution, however I don't know C/C++ so perhaps there's a more elegant way to do it.

Then you can either:

./configure && make && sudo make install

To do a quick compile and install (would seriously advise removing the existing geany package first though)

Or the more correct way:

sudo aptitude install build-essential devscripts ubuntu-dev-tools \
debhelper dh-make diff patch cdbs quilt gnupg fakeroot lintian \
pbuilder piuparts intltool chrpath

debuild
cd ..
sudo dpkg -i geany_0.20-1.1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

To build a new package including the changes and then install it.


A simple way to install RVM is to follow the instructions at the developer's site (in fact, the site says "Please use the install process(es) from this site only, as this is the only supported installation types and methods."):

curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

Load RVM:

source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm

Find the requirements (follow the instructions):

rvm requirements

Install ruby:

rvm install 1.9.3

On my system (12.04), this all went without a hitch; requirements listed were easy to find and install using apt-get.


Ubuntu 15.04 installation gets stuck at loading screen

I had the exactly same problem.
Disabling Fast Boot AND CSM got me throught the to the installation.
Without Fast Boot I got to the loading screen, but then it got stuck. I read this and as far as I understand, CSM allows non-UEFI installations. Since I have Windows 10 already installed and booting fro UEFI and want a dual boot, I tried disabling CSM et voilà, I am installing ubuntu 15.10 on my ASUS N552VX as we speak.

Hope it works for you too.


Cairo dock can be "logged into" replacing the gnome-session, this would be a custom Cairo Dock session.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cairo-dock-team/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cairo-dock cairo-dock-plug-ins

http://www.webupd8.org/2011/09/cairo-dock-240-released-with-custom.html


Why doesn't Ubuntu constantly run my hard drive like Windows does?

You usually don't hear the HDD "spinning", because it spins at a constant rate of usually either 5600 or 7200 rpm and is usually barely audible. What can be loud and is often noticed are the actuator (the "arm" on which the read/write heads are located that move over the platter) movements. And those movements only happen when data needs to read from or written to different cylinders of the disk.

However, the used file system may actually cause a different in the actuator sounds! Ubuntu uses ext4, which starts in the middle of a partition to store data and then continues in direction of the borders. It leaves space between the files to allow them to grow without getting fragmented. All in all, the ext4 file system is designed to minimize fragmentation (file fragments being spread over the whole disk instead of being located in one sequence) and head/actuator movements, so this does not only make it faster but also quieter than Windows' ntfs, which starts at the partition beginning and always stuffs file fragments into the leftmost available holes.

So from the behaviour you describe we can say that something on Windows constantly accesses the HDD, while on Ubuntu there is no such process.

I would strongly suspect your Windows Antivirus program which performs any kind of on-idle background scanning, or the search index updater, or anything like that. To determine the exact cause is however a Windows-only question and therefore topic of Super User.

On Ubuntu, there just don't run any of such tasks by default. We do not come with Antivirus software by default, and our ClamAV does not have any live protection but only scans on command.


There is nothing wrong with the GPU.
You just chose the wrong command.
You have to execute this command :

lspci -k | grep -EA2 'VGA|3D'

The output gives you something like :

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 06)
Subsystem: CLEVO/KAPOK Computer Device 3501
Kernel driver in use: i915

01:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GM107M [GeForce GTX 860M] (rev a2)
Subsystem: CLEVO/KAPOK Computer Device 3501
Kernel driver in use: nvidia


Honestly I'm not sure what was wrong, but I got software RAID 10 working with a fresh install of Ubuntu 12.04.3 Server LTS.  Here are the steps that I followed:

1) Automatically partition one of the drives in order to determine the sizes of the partitions to create.  In my case the suggested layout was:

  1.0 MB free space
  98.6 MB B EFIboot
  983.0 GB ext4 /
  17.1 GB swap

2) Change the / and swap partitions to: use for "Physical volume for RAID". Ubuntu wouldn't allow me to select a RAID partition as bootable, so the EFIboot partition can stay as-is.

3) Partition the other 3 disks with exactly the same partition layout. I decided to leave 99.6 MB of free space at the beginning of each drive, so that there is a direct match between the four drives. (So there are 98.6 MB unused partitions on each of the four drives).

4) Set up the RAID volumes.
   Note: I couldn't delete an existing RAID volume because it was being used as swap. I ran this at the terminal:
  swapoff /dev/md127.
  I got that tip from here.

5) Select the RAID volumes, and use rd0 and rd1 for / and swap

Note:

A) My solution was based off this YouTube video.

B) The only issue with the above setup is the fact that the boot partition isn't being used in RAID, which means that if the first drive crashes then I'll loose my boot partition.


How does Ubuntu handle installing GRUB2 to a partition?

Instead of installing to the device like /dev/sda you install to the partition /dev/sda1.

Command would look like this from a live CD: sudo grub-install --force --boot-directory=/mnt/drive1/boot /dev/sda1

I found a blog post about this issue, the author says that Truecrypt bootloader acts like a chainloader if ESC is pressed at password prompt.

The ideal solution today would be to use a GPT partition table and UEFI, but unfortunately Truecrypt doesn't seem to support that up until now.


Cannot connect to server with Citrix - error: Cannot find file: /opt/Citrix/ICAClient//config/module.ini

After some googling, I was able to install config files based on this forum post:
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1472880

You need to use --force-all:

sudo dpkg -i --force-all <.deb>

After running this command, it listed all of the missing configuration files and then installed them "as you requested". Good luck!


How to install ubuntu 12.04 on a 64 bit PC

I could install 12.04 64-bit with no issues whatsoever.

Correct me if I'm wrong, there are 3 disk devices during installation:

internal disk
pendrive (the ubuntu installer)
external disk

I'm wondering if the order in which the disks are detected and assigned to device files in /dev/sdX can be a problem here. For example if during the installation the above devices are assigned respectively to /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, then that might be a problem when you try to reboot with the pendrive removed, as in that case the external disk will be /dev/sdb instead of /dev/sdc.

Since I don't know grub2 in detail, this hypothesis can be completely wrong, but I would try to fiddle with the disk order:

After installation, try to boot with the pendrive plugged in.
After installation, try to boot with the pendrive removed.
Instead of installing from pendrive, try to install from a cd.

As per your grub question, this should explain:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2


This is a link to a blog that appears to have solved the upside-down webcam issue on ubuntu 12.10.

First you need to make you have the libv4l-0 package installed.

To install libv4l-0 open a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install libv4l-0

If your system is 64-bit then you should specify the i386 architecture, as this is what seems to work with Skype:

sudo apt-get install libv4l-0:i386

Step 2 is to edit skype.desktop so you can pre-load libv4l-0 with skype so type in terminal: sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/skype.desktop

In this file find  Exec=skype and replace it with with Exec=env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so skype


Icons disappeared from the launcher 12.04

Problem is solved by reinstalling and upgrading nvidia driver from nvidia-304 to nvidia-340(somehow it did not work for the first trial).


You're running into this bug.

How do I subscribe to a bug?


apt-get install for different python versions

If you need to have all versions of Python that are supported by Python-Markdown installed, you need to Take a look at this and  This


SSH comes by default in all Ubuntu versions so you save in having to install it (+1 for having it already there ;) )
Except of course in the case where you want a SSH server for your Ubuntu server. In that case you would
sudo apt-get install openssh-server

which should make your computer/server ready to be a ssh server.
To use it is fairly easy:
ssh USER@SITE for example if my username is cyrex and the site is ubuntu.com then you would do this:
ssh cyrex@ubuntu.com

Now lets say you want to copy a file called bubblegum.txt from your computer to your ubuntu site and want to leave that file at the /var/www folder in the ubuntu site. you can do this (assuming your user has enough permissions in the ubuntu site) by using SSH's Brother, SCP (Which also comes by default in Ubuntu):
scp bubblegum.txt cyrex@ubuntu.com:/var/www

Notice the : between the USER@SITE and the folder where you want to copy it. It is the one that separates both elements.
Now lets say you are uploading some huge file with scp and then the worst happens, the world explodes. How can you keep on uploading that file to the server. Then you got SCP's big brother, rsync (Comes by default in Ubuntu). In many ways scp and rsync do the same thing but here are some big differences between them:

rsync can upload partial files left from rsync or scp after a disconnection or world domination.
rsync can show the progress much better than scp
rsync can optimize the upload in such a way that you can actually save seconds or minutes on the upload. It also shows at the end of the upload how much you have saved.

Anyway, in the case scp could not upload the entire file this is where rsync comes in to rescue. (Thanks to Marco Ceppi for the tip. Vote up his comment if you like cats.. and/or dogs)
Lets say you did the upload mention above from scp and it got to 60%. How can you continue in that 60% without losing your times worth for the upload. You would do this:
rsync --progress --partial bubblegum.txt cyrex@ubuntu.com:/var/www

This tells rsync to show the progress in a nice human readable way with the --progress flag. It also tells rsync to check and continue from where the file bubblegum.txt got to with the --partial flag. You can also simplify the amount to write with the -P parameter which is the same as --progress and --partial, so the above would look like this:
rsync -P bubblegum.txt cyrex@ubuntu.com:/var/www

You can even CTRL+C the upload and resume it by doing the command from rsync above. Very cool to have the ability to resume something anytime any amount of times.
For more info for rsync which comes by default with Ubuntu you can type the following terminal commands:
man rsync
info rsync
rsync --help

Now to specify a port for SSH. To specify it you can do it like this:
ssh cyrex@ubuntu.com -p PORT. For example: ssh cyrex@ubuntu.com -p 1234 to tell it to use Port 1234 for the SSH service. This has to be configured in the server first for it to work.
To configure it just open in the server the file ssh_config like this: nano /etc/ssh/ssh_config and change the line that says # port 22 to another port. Also remember to remove the comment from that line. It should look like this: port 1234 in the case for the example above.
Now just restart the ssh service in the server and you are done. To restart the service just do this:
sudo restart ssh

or
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart

NOTE - You can also use SSH from GUI tools like filezilla which offer the option to use ssh instead of ftp. ssh can also be accessed from within the Ubuntu menu:

which gives access to several options including Windows share, SSH and FTP:

For more information about SSH you can use one of the following commands in console in your Ubuntu box:
man ssh
info ssh
ssh --help


how do I remove the chmod +t file permissions

Execute

chmod -t your_folder

to remove the sticky bit.

+ means add and - means remove.

Read the manpage for more details: man chmod


ubuntu cmd tool to convert AAC ALAC APE WMA PKF audio to mp3

Please share all the available information for these audio types.

That's a very ambitious request, and may take hundreds of pages to answer.
However each of the format you list has a Wikipedia file that you might

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey's_Audio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Lossless
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

While '.pkf' files are not audio files, they are metadata files:

http://forums.adobe.com/thread/858022/

  let me know any ubuntu command lint tools available to
  convert the audio formats

There are two types of media files: "containers" and "streams". A "container" file is a bit like a ZIP or 'tar' file, and is just a structured collection of sections. A "stream" file contains actual media data, encoded in some way, and may be embedded in a "container" file.

In general media formats of either type in GNU/Linux systems are handled by libraries that are often called "codec" libraries. These libraries provide the ability to encode and/or decode the media contained in those files.

The Wikipedia entry above mentions that .ape (Monkey's Audio) is supported by the ffmpeg library, and so most variants of WMA and ALAC conversions, and conversion is described in:

How to use Ffmpeg to convert wma to mp3 recursively, importing from txt file?
How do I convert music between formats and keep its metadata?

PS: Searching Wikipedia and previous AskUbuntu questions often provides a lot of help.


You need to enable “ubuntu-restricted-extras” in Ubuntu Software Centre.

Check out this link http://linuxinternetworks.com/easy-method-to-install-adobe-flash-player-in-ubuntu-linux/


Is there a way to recover the data of unaccessible lines on the terminal?

I don't think that this is possible. There are a number of solutions (workarounds), however. Try these:

# scrolls page by page, only scrolls downwards
command |& more

# scrolls line by line, can scroll up and down
command |& less

# copies output to the file '~/file' (use '-a' argument to append)
command |& tee "~/file"   # displays in terminal as well

# redirects output to file '~/file' (use '>>' instead of '>' to append)
command 2>&1 > "~/file"

NOTE: 'redirect' does not display the output in the terminal (completely redirecting it to the file), 'copy' displays it in terminal and copies it to the file

Also, you should be able to set your terminal 'line buffer' to show more lines of command output (though it will still fill eventually)

To answer your question, the data is destroyed.


create a list of files located in multiple directories

A really simple way to do this would be to use the locate command like so:

locate Documents/rawdata/Geob*/datalist.mb-1 > master.txt

That is if full paths are okay.

However, if you need the format which you described above with only the "geo" subdirectory and file you could use a simple little python script like this one:

#!/bin/python
f = open("/path/to/master.txt","r+")
paths = [x.split("/",3)[-1] + " -1" for x in f.readlines()]
f.seek(0)
f.write("".join(paths))
f.truncate()
f.close()

Slightly truncated version of napogeof's answer:

locate ~/Documents/rawdata/*/datalist.mb-1 | awk -F/ '{print $4 "/" $5 " -1"}' > master.txt


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS not automounting ZFS pool after reboot

I can get Ubuntu to automount my ZFS pool by opening up the /etc/rc.local file and adding the following line to it:

zfs mount -vO -a

Now my ZFS pool is automounted on reboot.


Is there any way to decrypt a file create with the following command?

Currently AES256 takes too long to brute force. From the link:

  If you assume:

Every person on the planet owns 10 computers.
There are 7 billion people on the planet.
Each of these computers can test 1 billion key combinations per second.
On average, you can crack the key after testing 50% of the possibilities.

  Then the earth's population can crack one encryption key in 77,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 years!

So for now: no. In 10 years computers might be able to drop this down to a fraction but then we will have something like AES512 (2 weeks ago they discovered a new prime number and those can be useful for new encryption).

But that is assuming it has no backdoors and someone does not have other methods of getting the passphrase (social engineering).


The Lenovo e480 comes with an Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3165 wifi adapter as far as I know.
This should be supported in kernels 4.2+ but perhaps you need to do a little research into how to get it up and running.

Here is the link to Intel's page for downloading the required firmware with some instructions:

Intel Linux Support


Embedding Tags in Rhythmbox Properties...Is it Possible?

Another great tool is kid3-qt I use it sometimes.

sudo apt-get install kid3-qt

Though I use Guayadeque as default music player, it has everything built-in and can automatically embed tags into files.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:anonbeat/guayadeque
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install guayadeque-svn


Is it possible to install Ubuntu 10.10 and/or Ubuntu 11.04 on a late 2009 iMac?

I really do not have any experience with iMacs, but I would suspect that either 10.10 or 11.04 would install.  This is based on my experiences with older PCs and my ability to run either flavor of Ubuntu on them.  However, please ensure you have the appropriate install disc.


How to create a keyboard shortcut for printing texts in Ubuntu 16.04?

If you install xdotool using sudo apt install xdotool, you can use this small script and assign any convenient shortcut to it:

#! /usr/bin/env bash

bash -c 'sleep 0.5; xdotool getactivewindow type "HELLO"'

From man xdotool:

  xdotool lets you programmatically (or manually) simulate keyboard input and mouse activity, move and resize windows, etc. It does this using X11's XTEST extension and other Xlib functions.

and getactivewindow makes xdotool carry out the requisite action on the  the current active window.

Notes:

if you have powerful hardware, you can drop the sleep bit; if not, you may want to increase the sleep value
I haven't tested the script in Wayland where currently only a subset of xdotool commands works courtesy of XWayland.


Can I install Ubuntu from one partition, onto another, using the boot installer?

The OP attempted the installation, was successful, and answered this question in a comment.

They found that the answer is yes--Ubuntu can be installed from one partition on the disk, to which an Ubuntu live environment has been written, to another partition on the same disk.
They also mentioned that the installation worked and was fast.

(The comment was since deleted, but it included the text, "I figured out you can. And it is very effective and results in a quick installation.")


Instead of building from source, you can just install from the deb file.

Grab the deb file for your architecture from http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/t/tree/.

Click on the deb file and install it in software-center.


Install Remmina Quantal (12.10) on Precise (12.04)

Download it with all dependencies and install from :

32 bit version

http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/r/remmina/remmina-common_1.0.0-1ubuntu8_all.deb
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/r/remmina/remmina_1.0.0-1ubuntu8_i386.deb
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/r/remmina/remmina-plugin-rdp_1.0.0-1ubuntu8_i386.deb
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/r/remmina/remmina-plugin-vnc_1.0.0-1ubuntu8_i386.deb

64 bit version:

http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/r/remmina/remmina-common_1.0.0-1ubuntu8_all.deb
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/r/remmina/remmina_1.0.0-1ubuntu8_amd64.deb
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/r/remmina/remmina-plugin-rdp_1.0.0-1ubuntu8_amd64.deb
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/r/remmina/remmina-plugin-vnc_1.0.0-1ubuntu8_amd64.deb


How to install hardware drivers for my laptop

If your hardware as open drivers for Ubuntu, they will be install with Ubuntu. If there is driver from HP, you can find them into your Setting->Additional drivers.

This is Jockey, and it will let you know which drivers are available for your hardware. Just select which one you want and click Install.


Juju on Ubuntu

To install Juju, you simply need to grab the latest juju-core package from the PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:juju/stable
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install juju-core

or read more here

https://jujucharms.com/docs/stable/getting-started

hope this helps


I accidentally closed the window for the verfication code

You should be able to log in on https://login.ubuntu.com/ using the username/password you used to create the account, and enter the verification code somewhere on that site.

If you are unable to do so, you should contact https://one.ubuntu.com/help/contact/ for support.


Try this link to launch Nautilus as root

Or you can run BleachBit as root, but instead of the standard mode with the check boxes and big delete button, click File - Shred from the menu. Then navigate to the folder /home/your_username/.local/share/Trash. You may want to delete the whole folder

Or from the command line try this to delete the whole trash folder

rm -rf ~/.local/share/Trash


Videos, songs, and all media playing in fast forward

Check if your speakers are working. You can test this from System Settings / Sound / Hardware tab.

I had the same problem this morning. The reason this happened for me - I changed the device for sound output from analog to HDMI while fiddling with the sound settings last night. You can check the device you are using from System Settings / Sound / Output tab.


Looks like you have GDM set as your desktop manager. Do sudo apt install lightdm && sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm and select lightdm at the package configuration window.


If you absolutely don't want the graphical login screen, edit  /etc/defaults/grub, Changing GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT and GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX to "text". Then run update-grub.

This question has more information on how to remove the graphical splash screen too:

How do I boot into true text mode?

Basically it stops the display manager (lightdm) from loading on system startup.

Also, you can still launch it any time you want manually by doing

sudo service lightdm start


Ubuntu 14.04 Wi-Fi will not connect dual boot

Here's what you have to do: download the driver package manually using Windows (it might be a good idea to put it on a USB drive, because you may be currently unable to access the HDD from Ubuntu). Then manually install the package in Ubuntu.


Ubuntu 18.04 input slow when Portuguese (Brazil) layout among keyboard input sources

The comment below was the solution that worked for me.
I found it at https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/meta-gnome3/+bug/1777708 and the author of this answer is Pedro Palhares.

After being annoyed by this bug for a long time, i started digging and found a workaround. Today i found that the bug is only present when i'm using certain keyboard layouts ("Portugues (Brasil)") and was not present when i changed the layout to EUA and language to English (need to set them both to English).

After some digging i found out the culprit is the ScrollLock key and that can be fixed by editing the layout file, which in my case is found at /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/br. The only modification i did was to remove or comment the line: modifier_map Mod3 { Scroll_Lock };
After that, set the language and layout back to Portugues (Brasil) and the problem was gone!

No more delays between typings.
(Fedora and Ubuntu)


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS with Apache2 2.4.7 not displaying images on web page

I have apache2 on Ubuntu 16.10. When you started apache, make sure to use the apache2ctl command as aposed to the apache2 command. Ubuntu customizes apache quite a bit, so try using sudo apache2ctl start


how to store data on a "secure" place so that nobody can access to it

If you want to encrypt your hard drive – or any of the files on it, for that matter – you have to be prepared to enter a password at least once per boot. That's the price to pay.

Sorry if this sounds harsh, but it's just the way it is. In order to encrypt something, you have to have a password you enter every time. Without it, e.g. with the complete key lying somewhere on your hard disk, the encryption would be useless since anybody could decrypt your files.