I tried Ole's solution and get the following error:

$ env MULLVAD_USE_GTK3=yes mullvad
Using GTK3
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mullvad/mui.py:60: PyGIWarning: AppIndicator3 was imported without specifying a version first. Use gi.require_version('AppIndicator3', '0.1') before import to ensure that the right version gets loaded.
  from gi.repository import AppIndicator3 as appindicator
changing directory to /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mullvad
Setting logging directory to /home/ms/.cache/mullvad/log

(mullvad:15452): Gtk-WARNING **: 22:28:12.209: gtk_disable_setlocale() must be called before gtk_init()
Setting logging directory to /home/ms/.cache/mullvad/log
CRITICAL: An uncaught exception occured: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/wx-3.0-gtk3/wx/_core.py", line 16765, in <lambda>
lambda event: event.callable(*event.args, **event.kw) )
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mullvad/mui.py", line 2088, in _start
_start_gui(app, root_window, log, settings, tunnel)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mullvad/mui.py", line 2138, in _start_gui
tray_ui = AppIndicator(root_window, tunnel, settings)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mullvad/mui.py", line 295, in __init__
appindicator.CATEGORY_COMMUNICATIONS)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/module.py", line 137, in __getattr__
self.__name__, name))
AttributeError: 'gi.repository.AppIndicator3' object has no attribute 'CATEGORY_COMMUNICATIONS'

Anyone had a similar problem/suggestion for a fix?


Ubuntu KVM Server Won't Create SR-IOV Virtual Interfaces

Firstly, rebooting is not required when creating VFs. Infact rebooting will remove the VFs(if any created).

Use the below command to view the number of VFs for a specific PCI device:

cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/<pci-address>/max_vfs

It should be zero when no VF is created, now create a VF using the below command:

echo 1 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/<pci-address>/max_vfs
view the VF using "lspci" command


Epson provides a driver for Epson WF-2650 (.deb).

Note
In order to install this driver, you need to install LSB package (version 3.2 or later) beforehand.

sudo apt install lsb

Openprinting also provides an installable .deb and details for escpr aswell
(32bit/64bit),
along with a detailed How to install driver packages article.

Here are answers from users with Epson WF-XXXX driver installing problem, who in-short describe the whole procedure.

PS.
Noticing that this is a Cloud Ready printer you might be interested in CUPS Cloud Print.


How do I set up an Ubuntu server as a secondary DNS

I assume you are using BIND, which you wrote in a comment. First of all you need to copy some files to your secondary name server:

named.conf
named.local
db.cache

Now open the named.conf at your secondary server and change some values:

zone "example.org" IN {
  type slave;
  file "bak.example.org";
  masters { 192.0.2.34;};
};

The type is now set to slave, so BIND knows this one is no master. The *file*name at your master server is probably something like db.example.org. At the secondary it is changed to bak.example.org. However you can select a na e you like. I like it this way because it makes clear, that this one is just a backup nameserver. The last entry is the IP address of the master nameserver. BIND will contact it and retrieve the zone files from there. So you do not need to download those files manually.


Apache doesnt start after upgrade to 12.10

Simply do what it states.

Run:

sudo service cron start

or since your question references Apache:

sudo service apache start


I think I found out in the mean time. The answer is, that the keys must be copied with the closed repository to the offline site. Otherwise apt-get update will not access the files and throw errors.
The keys do not have to be stored with the offline repository, though. They may be stored anywhere, e.g. a central file server, NAS etc. The keys must be copied to every offline computer that wants to install from the offline archive.
For example, the keys are stored in a local samba share smb://PPA-Keys that was mounted to /mnt/test on a new computer. This would copy the keys to the required location
sudo cp /mnt/test/*.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.d/

The main issue is, however, to get the keys in the first place. By adding the repository with add-apt-repository the process is easy. The key should be placed in the folder /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ so just collect it there.
Example
 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/ppa
 cp /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/libreoffice_ubuntu_ppa.gpg /mnt/test/libreoffice.gpg

If there is no key at that location it had been added to the general keychain in trusted.gpg. Instead of extracting it from there it is easier to download the key from the PPA site manually. The download is only a textfile (*.key or *.asc), so we need to convert it to a binary gpg key. The example assumes that the text key is in the file libreoffice.asc
Example
 cat libreoffice.asc | gpg -deamor > libreoffice.gpg

The keys for the Ubuntu repository are in the /etc/apt/trused.gpg file. If they are lost or broken, just copy that file from another machine or a fresh installation.


It's possible to install Ubuntu to a USB drive and then boot that USB drive on any machine (capable of booting from a USB drive), essentially turning it into a Live USB drive.  Just don't install a desktop environment, and it'll stay in text mode when it boots.  Make sure you do install any tools you need such as testdisk.

All you need is to ensure you use a kernel that works on the target machine, so if the target machine is 32-bit only, you'll need a 32-bit OS (you can still install 32-bit Ubuntu with the network installer).


How to set TOOL_CHAIN_TAG while compiling EDK2

It looks that you forgot to run one of the following commands.

make -C BaseTools
. edksetup.sh BaseTools

Pay attention to dot.


Chromium uses a google flash plugin called "Pepper".  The package you need to install is called pepperflashplugin-nonfree -- frustrated the pajeebus outta me.


I cannot install applications because I don't know what to do with the authentication dialog

I'm assuming you're talking about installing things from the software centre.

You should be using your local user password. The one you set when you installed Ubuntu.


i don't know if the above problem was solved, but, i came across the same problem on my laptop using ubuntu 14.04, and it was fixed when i update the system. on the top right of my screen there is a button, i pressed it, a menu appeared, i chose "about this computer", a screen open, i saw "install updates" on the bottom right, once i clicked it, the system showed me several updates, including updates for my graphic cards, i agreed for the updating and shut down my laptop. once turn on the laptop again, everything was set normally.
this problem came to my laptop because of the blind upgrade that i did it through terminal "sudo apt-get upgrade" using the "xorg-edgers ppa". i don't know if we should use the mentioned ppa or not, but it is dangerous to upgrade the system blindly. sometimes, the latest updates are beta version and not stable. we need to be careful of that. thank you


What is pIII_sse and what its function is?

It's referring to the assembly language implementation; the checksumming function's result is the same in all cases.  In this case, it means the version originally written for the Pentium 3 using the SSE extended instruction set.

The speed printed is the average number of megabytes of data it can pass to the checksumming function per second, a measure of the function's efficiency.

(And the kernel tries all the versions it knows about and uses the one with the highest MB/s; this doesn't necessarily mean one named after your particular CPU.  It is, after all, in AMD's best interests to be at least as fast as the equivalent Intel CPU.)


You probably only edited the settings for your user, not system wide. If this is the case, a system wide reinstall of Nautilus will not help you solve your issue. All changes to the menu should be stored in the folder ~/.local/share/applications - check that folder if you find any file with "nautilus" or "files" in the name. Try to move this file to a different folder (in order to copy it back if it was the wrong one). In the worst case move all files from ~/.local/share/applications to a different location, and copy them back in, one by one, until you find the entry causing you troubles. It might be necessary to wait a few seconds for changes in that folder to apply, or you might even have to log out and back in again.

Also, there's a folder named ~/.local/share/mime/applications that contains file type association settings that have been changed from the system default.


From the error message it sounds like another package manager is already running. You will not be able to run apt-get if you have, for example, synaptic package manager open at the same time.

Close out of the other package manager and try again. Or restart to make sure that no other ones are running.


Need to disable control key and al so the print characters

This is the feature of the terminal you are using, you can disable it with

stty -ctlecho

After this it won't echo back the control chars. To disable it permanently just add that command to your ~/.bashrc.


Update Gigabyte Motherboard BIOS with Ubuntu

I found a few other references to using FreeDOS to flash the BIOS firmware - but none quite worked for me immediately. (Here and here for example)

So, this is what I did to get it working.

Scary warnings

Be very careful when updating motherboard BIOS firmware. If you flash the wrong file, or power is cut during the process, there is a good chance you will brick the motherboard. Only update the BIOS if you have a need to do so - typically, if the system is working with the current BIOS firmware then it is better to leave it alone.

1. Obtain BIOS firmware

In my case, there are files on the Gigabyte website which have the updated firmware. The latest firmware for my board is revision F4. So, download this ZIP file.

It should contain three files:

autoexec.bat
Efiflash.exe
J190ND3V.F4

2. Download FreeDOS

We'll need the "USB Full" FreeDOS image, from their website.

Once downloaded, extract the FD12FULL.img file.

3. Write FreeDOS to a USB flash disk

My machine has no CD drive (and obviously no floppy) - but is able to boot from USB drives just fine.

Take the extracted image file from above, and write it to USB flash disk with dd.

First check that /dev/sdf is the right path for your USB flash disk!!

sudo dd if=~/Downloads/FD12FULL.img of=/dev/sdf bs=1M

4. Copy BIOS flash files to USB flash disk

Copy the Efiflash.exe and J190ND3V.F4 files to the root of the flash disk.

Next, we need to change the FreeDOS scripts slightly so that instead of trying to install itself when it boots, it will run the flash tool.

Open the autoexec.bat from your Gigabyte download - it should contain a simple line like:

Efiflash J190ND3V.F4

Now open the SETUP.BAT file on the FreeDOS disk, and delete its entire contents and replace it with the one line from the autoexec.bat file, i.e. the FreeDOS SETUP.BAT should now contain the single line Efiflash J190ND3V.F4 (of course if you have a different motherboard or firmware version this line will change).

Note that the FreeDOS disk will also have a AUTOEXEC.BAT file - leave this one alone, it is needed to initialise the system when you boot from the FreeDOS disk

5. Boot FreeDOS and flash the BIOS

Now you will be able to boot from the FreeDOS disk. You will most likely need to change the boot order from the BIOS menu to do this, or unplug the existing hard drives.

Once FreeDOS boots, it should then load the Efiflash tool automatically and flash the BIOS with no user input required. Wait until this is done and confirmed, then reboot the machine back into Ubuntu. The BIOS has now been updated.

So, just to confirm it (since it was hard for me to find really anything about this motherboard on Linux) - the Gigabyte GA-J1900N-D3V works great with Linux, and the Mini-PCIe slot can be used for SATA controllers instead of just Wi-Fi as the product page suggests. (make sure to choose a SATA controller that has Linux support)


Enable Lubuntu 19.04 auto-login after installation

In Lubuntu 19.04:
Add a line under the [Autologin] section with User=<your user account name>

x:y~# more /etc/sddm.conf

[Autologin]

User=<your user account name>

Session=Lubuntu


The discussed ppa does not support 16.04 so far. Last supported version right now is Wily - aka 15.10 according to the Launchpad side listing.

Therefor contact the ppa maintainer and ask for updates or wait until he does it by himself.


If you install Ubuntu again it's OK to delete the partition.
If you want to use for something else:
Boot into the recovery mode of your Windows to access Command Prompt
or
Get the original installation disc of your Windows version to access System Recovery, go to command prompt and run:

bootrec /FixMbr
bootrec /FixBoot
bootrec /ScanOs
bootrec /rebuildbcd

to get the Windows Boot Loader back.

If you have some doubt about the partition then boot with Ubuntu installation DVD/USB and do it from there.

Note: If You have some unusual partition scheme please post the details of the partitions and the Disks.


Need Net flix Plugin so i can stream video with ubuntu 11.10 from NF account

There is no out of the box plugin for Linux that allows for Silverlight to work in Ubuntu.

Silverlight is Microsoft's proprietary web plugin program.  They don't have an open source equivalent, or an equivalent in Ubuntu or Linux.


This has nothing to do with dual booting it's user error, what you're seeing is just a normal boot without the 'Splash screen' and it doesn't actually show any errors, think of the boot sequence as a log for everything the OS does during boot, now, the last entry in this log is "started hold until boot process finishes up" a quick google search sends you to this question on askubuntu.com

18.04 Boot freezes at "Started Hold until boot process finishes up"

tldr your root partition is filled up so the OS is unable to boot properly, details on how to fix it is in the link above.


Add application.setVisible(true); in your class DrawPanelTest

public class DrawPanelTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // create a panel that contains our drawing
        DrawPanel panel = new DrawPanel();
        // create a new frame to hold the panel
        JFrame application = new JFrame("Drawing Diagonals");
        // set the frame to exit when closed
        application.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        application.add(panel); // adds panel to the frame
        application.setSize(300, 300); // set the size
        application.setVisible(true);
    }
}


Install linux-tools-generic for non-standard Mainline kernel

If you are using non-standard kernels, you should get the linux-tools from the same place you got the kernel image.
Obviously Ubuntu repositories don't have linux-tools for non-standard kernels.
I don't see linux-tools debs at https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/ so you'll need to build them yourself.


Can't login with my PIN password in Ubuntu 18.10

The instructions in the tutorial that you followed are out-of-date because the default login display manager in Ubuntu 18.10 is gdm3, not lightdm. Uninstall the packages that you installed by following the instructions from How to set a PIN password or a short password in Ubuntu Linux, and reinstall the default login display manager (gdm3).

Access a virtual console by pressing the keyboard combination Ctrl+Alt+F3 from the screen where the system is stopped when trying to boot the computer.

To login from a virtual console:

At the login: prompt type your username and press Enter.
At the Password: prompt type your user password and press Enter. After you have logged in, you can run commands from the virtual console.

Run the following commands.

sudo apt purge libpam-pwdfile lightdm
sudo apt install gdm3
sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3
sudo reboot

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3 will open up a new window allowing you to select gdm3 as the default login display manager. Use the arrow keys to select gdm3 and press the Tab key to put the focus on <OK> and press Enter. Then reboot by running this command: sudo reboot


Solved. I had a redundancy trying to use both the options in the named.conf and the named.conf.options so I just edited line 1 out


What is a good DVD authoring application for Ubuntu 19.04?

DVDStyler
DVDStyler is a cross-platform free DVD authoring application that makes possible for video enthusiasts to create professional-looking DVDs. DVDStyler provides over 20 DVD menu templates, allowing you to create your own menu designs and photo slideshows. After you select your DVD label name, video quality, video format, aspect ratio, and audio format, you can select a template to add video materials to. DVDStyler's interface supports drag-and-drop so you can add project buttons and movies around with ease. Some basic video editing operations such as trimming and cropping are also available.
The main features of DVDStyler are:

create and burn DVD video with interactive menus
support of AVI, MOV, MP4, MPEG, OGG, WMV and other file formats
support of MPEG-2, MPEG-4, DivX, Xvid, MP2, MP3, AC-3 and other audio and video formats
user-friendly interface with support of drag-and-drop
flexible menu creation on the basis of scalable vector graphics
file

To install DVDStyler dwonload the DVDStyler .tar.bz2 file and follow the instructions in How do I install a .tar.gz (or .tar.bz2) file?.

Open DVD Producer
Open DVD Producer (opendvdproducer) is a modern, open source cross platform software to produce DVD images, and create DVDs with menus and chapters in a simple yet professional way. The main functions of the DVD specification are implemented in the software. For example, you can create a DVD in any supported format, with various menus, with directional buttons, videos with chapters and set sections of videos to play.
The main features of Open DVD Producer are:

Menus - You can create static menus with any sound you want. Or you can use some special video as animated menu.
Buttons - "Point and click" the buttons you want to create, and you have a real time preview of them. Also, you can set the directions the remote control will take.
Built-in encoder - There is no need to use some external conversor. Open DVD Producer is able to convert from any kind of known video format.
Chapters - Want to play at some point in the video? No problem, you can set chapter marks directly on the timeline, and also set segmented pieces of video.
MD5 checksum - Generate MD5 after the ISO is ready for integrity check.
DDP® for replication - The DDP® can be generated for large production (specification version 2.00).
Advanced settings for menus - You can set the background image or video. The color and opacity of buttons highlight. Set the buttons directions directly on the screen.
Advanced settings for videos - It is possible to set the video resolution. Also you can set chapter marks in a visual way, with frame-by-frame accuracy.

To install Open DVD Producer in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu open the terminal and type:
sudo snap install opendvdproducer --channel=edge

Bombono DVD
Bombono DVD works great in 18.04, but not 19.04. To install it open the terminal and type:
sudo apt install bombono-dvd bombono-dvd-data


Okay, TONS and TONS of hits on how to pin a kernel, but not one blessed article I can find on the entire internet on how to "unpin" the kernel and let allow it to be updated again?  That's just INSANE.

In any event, I never did find out how to "unpin" the kernel, BUT I went to this link: http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/kernel/

And I pulled down the latest AMD64 kernel, headers and extras for Trusty and just installed them manually and rebooted.  I'm finally on a later kernel, and since I am no longer on the "pinned" kernel, I think it should upgrade normally from now on.


How do I perform a batch operation on files using Imagemagick on CLI

Ah.  Somehow I ended up renaming the png files to numbers.  I renamed them with .png.  It work.  Solved.


A package to be uploaded to the Debian repositories should avoid /opt and /usr/local - these directories are reserved for the local system administrator, as per the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard. The lintian tags reflect this. You should, instead, structure your package so that:

executables go in /usr/bin (or /usr/sbin, as the case maybe)
libraries go in /usr/lib or an appropriate subfolder thereof
architecture-independent shared data in a subfolder in /usr/share, etc.

Consult the Debian Policy for more information.

If your package is for local use, you can go ahead and ignore that tag. You can create a lintian override to stop lintian from generating that error.


Why is my CPU being used while doing nothing?

Seeing unity-panel-service in the top output, it's quite possible that an indicator is being redrawn quite often. That currently causes compiz to refresh the entire screen, which  could explain the high CPU usage.


I cannot delete any or all contacts with the U1 webinterface

The Ubuntu One contacts integration in its current form is going away, and doesn't currently work at all well. I'd recommend removing it from the desktop completely until Q (12.10). You can do that by typing the following in a console:

sudo apt-get purge '.*couch.*'

As to the website issue, I'll have the guys look into it as soon as you file a bug. Please reply with the bug number in a comment.


How can I move the gnome dock to the left side?

Open a terminal and type:

gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dock position left

For 3.2 users, here is another way:

Type in a terminal:

gedit ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/dock@gnome-shell-extensions.gcampax.github.com/extension.js

About line 44 find:

const DOCK_POSITION = PositionMode.RIGHT;

change to

const DOCK_POSITION = PositionMode.LEFT;

Save, exit, refresh gnome-shell (hit [Alt+F2] followed by r) and enjoy!


Just because you can reach twocows.com, it doesn't mean you can get the repository your system is expecting.

There are a few things that might be the case:

You put the repo information in wrong. This is likely if it's a new one, but not if it's worked before.
The repo has been removed. This is likely if you're running an old version of the software or the platform (Ubuntu, for example, has removed the repositories for 9.04).
The repo doesn't have information on your version of Ubuntu. This one is the most likely. During the upgrade, Ubuntu updates your repository paths. If the repository doesn't have a branch for your version, then it will error out. If it's stopping your upgrade, deactivate the repository for the time being. Once you've upgraded to 12.10, you can reactivate the repository, making sure it still points to the 12.04 ("precise") branch. (Note: That doesn't guarantee that software will still work. If it depends on an API that has been broken in 12.10, then it may not work as expected. In which case, you'll have to wait until Two Cows puts out a "quantal" branch.)


How do I partition my hard drive to manually install Ubuntu 12.10 alongside Windows 8?

Fact that you had Windows 7 preinstalled doesn't mean that you don't have UEFI. You probably have the UEFI boot disabled by default.
To install Ubuntu alongside Windows manually you have to have 2 partitions

/ - root partition (your system partition)

swap - swap if you are planning on putting your computer into sleep mode (generally swap = amount of RAM you have + a bit more)

Or you can have 3 partitions
The same two as described above and

/Home partition - where all your data being saved. If you do not create this partition that Root partition will be used as a Home as well. generally it means that if you will reinstall the OS you won't have a possible to save partition with the data.

Then when you decide how you are going to partition your drive you want to select where to install grub. Commonly it goes to

  /dev/sda

So if you have that already selected, don't touch it, either wise change it.

And that's it, you can click Install button. Ignore the message about missing boot partition. I have been installing OS without it all the same and it runs perfectly fine.

After that you follow basic GUI installation process.


what is the meaning of the "diag" flag reported by gparted

The parted manual is helpful for this question. It says;
‘DIAG’

(MS-DOS) - Enable this to indicate that a partition can be used as a diagnostics / recovery partition.

The full document is here https://www.gnu.org/software/parted/manual/html_node/set.html
You should be able to output flags with
lsblk -o NAME,PARTFLAGS

However this doesn’t seem to work for all partition types. Add any other required fields after PARTFLAGS. You can list all available fields with lsblk -h
Edited 3 October to correct typo and add:
Looks like you can get better flag information that may help using parted:
sudo parted -l

It should be possible to process the output of this to get the flags you need.


Is there a text based mind mapping tool for Ubuntu?

I tried this, it works OK

Make a tab-indented tree of items (very simple markup) e.g.

Mind Map
    Test Nodes
        Indented with tabs
    Does it work?
        I think it does....

Then I copied and pasted the relevant text into FreeMind
You can export as PNG from FreeMind

The FreeMind format is reasonably simple anyway - so I guess you could write some script to take your chosen text format and write FreeMind maps.


I had the same error but solved it by substituting the following:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mac-icons-noobslab
sudo apt-get install mac-ithemes-noobslab

for the Cursors,  use:

wget -O mac-cursors.zip http://ubuntuone.com/05qtKEgDaFQ1V1TzNvoub5
sudo unzip mac-cursors.zip -d /usr/share/icons/ && rm mac-cursors.zip
cd /usr/share/icons/mac-cursors
sudo chmod +x install-mac-cursors.sh uninstall-mac-cursors.sh
./install-mac-cursors.sh

In fact they look better than our old method.
    for further details:

TechyGiene.com


Recover deleted folder in encrypted home

You're right in your assumption that you need to unmount the ecryptfs-encrypted file system. ecryptfs works on top of an underlying file system whereas undeletion tools like extundelete operate on ext file systems like the one you probably have underneath your ecryptfs file system.

You don't need access to the unencrypted document files to undelete them. Instead you'll undelete the encrypted files in ~/.Private or wherever your ecryptfs file system is located (not mounted).

For the actual undeletion procedure refer to other answers like:

How to recover deleted files?
Retrieve files deleted by command rm in terminal


Ubuntu 12.04 Install - Black Screen - No Grub - Have run Boot Repair Disk

I had a similar problem a while back. This site will show you how to mount your install from a live CD. It does involve a lot of terminal work though:

How to Repair/Restore/Reinstall Grub 2 with a Ubuntu Live CD

Just a thought: don't follow all the instructions, they tell you how to remove and reinstall grub. If you just want to update it then only follow until you use chroot command and then run update-grub. Also make sure you use the correct partition.

Hope it helps.


From the man cryptsetup:

  WARNING: If you read the passphrase from stdin (without  further argument  or  with '-' as an argument to --key-file), batch-mode (-q) will be implicitly switched on and no warning will be given when  you  remove the last remaining passphrase from a LUKS container. Removing the last passphrase makes  the  LUKS  container permanently inaccessible.

If you have removed the last passphrase, it is unrecoverable. You will have to restore from backup. Commonly you only have one passphrase configured, unless you have manually at some stage added more keys.

You can verify if you have any remaining keys in use with sudo cryptsetup luksDump /dev/sda5.

If it comes up with no slots in use, then sorry, data is gone.


My suggestion would be to download the source and build-dependencies as follows:

first the prerequisite

sudo apt-get install build-essential

now get the source

cd ~/Downloads
apt-get source indicator-sound

install the development dependencies

sudo apt-get build-dep indicator-sound

how to compile

Then you can compile using:

 cd indicator-sound-0.7.9/
./configure
make


Enter the UEFI setup (usually F1,Delete,F12, etc.)
Go to the Boot tab
Move "Ubuntu" up to the top of the list
Reboot


How to display a number fetched from a remote url in a taskbar indicator?

The following python snippet should work for you:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import re
import sys
import urllib2

from gi.repository import Gtk, GLib
from gi.repository import AppIndicator3 as appindicator

class MyIndicator:

    def __init__(self):
    # Create Indicator with icon and label
        icon_image = "/usr/share/unity/icons/panel-shadow.png"
        self.ind = appindicator.Indicator.new(
            "MagicNumber",
            icon_image,
            appindicator.IndicatorCategory.APPLICATION_STATUS
        )
        self.ind.set_status(appindicator.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)
        self.menu_structure()

    # Menu structure
    def menu_structure(self):
        # GTK menu
        self.menu = Gtk.Menu()
        self.exit = Gtk.MenuItem("Exit")
        self.exit.connect("activate", self.quit)
        self.exit.show()
        self.menu.append(self.exit)
        self.ind.set_menu(self.menu)

        content = urllib2.urlopen('http://askubuntu.com/questions')
        questions = re.search('
(.*?)
', content.read())
        self.ind.set_label(str(questions.group(1)), "")

        GLib.timeout_add_seconds(2,self.menu_structure)

    def quit(self, widget):
        sys.exit(0)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    indicator = MyIndicator()
    Gtk.main()

Just replace the url, the 2 second delay and the re.search pattern for your needs.

re.search('(.*)', content.read()) should work if your file only contains the number.

The above code displays the total questions on Askubuntu in your taskbar:

Reference: https://unity.ubuntu.com/projects/appindicators/


Going back to Unity

If you have been using Unity or GNOME in the past, you may not like the new customized GNOME desktop in Ubuntu 18.04. Ubuntu has customized GNOME so that it resembles Unity but at the end of the day, it is neither completely Unity nor completely GNOME.

Open up a terminal window. Then run the following two commands to install Unity 7 desktop from the default software repository.

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install ubuntu-unity-desktop

This will install a lot of packages. Once the installation is complete, restart your Ubuntu 18.04 computer.

You can also install Unity Tweaks via the Software Center or you can use the command below to install it:

$ sudo apt install unity-tweak-tool

How to Install Unity Desktop on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS?

Open up a terminal window.
Then run the following two commands to install Unity 7 desktop from the default software repository.

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install ubuntu-unity-desktop

This will install a lot of packages. Hit Enter to continue.
During the installation, you will be asked to choose a display manager. You can choose lightdm display manager, which will give you the Unity Login screen. gdm3 is the default display manager for GNOME desktop.

Note:

a) Use ↑or↓ to position the cursor on your choice of default desktop manager
b) Hit Spacebar to mark your selection (Don't ignore this step).
c) Use Tab to navigate to OK button and press Return.
Once the installation is complete, restart your Ubuntu 18.04 computer.

$ sudo shutdown -r now

Now you are greeted by Unity login screen. What a warm feeling to have it back!

Double-click Ubuntu symbol in LightDM or gear symbol in GDM to display options for desktop environments.

The default desktop environment is now Unity. You can click the Ubuntu icon to choose another desktop environment if you want to.

If you upgraded from Ubuntu 16.04/17.10 to Ubuntu 18.04 and the login screen was replaced with the one from GNOME desktop, you can restore Unity login screen by running the following command:

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

And here’s the good old Unity desktop.

Checking Unity Version

You can use the screenfetch tool to check Unity desktop version.

$ sudo apt install screenfetch

Now, give the following useful command to display not only version info, but also other system details:

$ screenfetch

As you can see, we have installed Unity 7.5.0.

You can also acquire Unity version by running the following command.

$ unity --version

Since we installed Unity, why not install the Unity tweak tool?

$ sudo apt install unity-tweak-tool

How to Remove GNOME Desktop from Ubuntu 18.04?

If you don’t want to keep GNOME on the list of available desktop environments, uninstall it with the following command.

$ sudo apt remove gnome-shell

If you now restart Ubuntu 18.04 OS, there will be no GNOME desktop in the login screen options.


Mount LVM encrypted partition on external HDD - Device /dev/sdc5 is not a valid LUKS device

First, check if the partition is really encrypted :

#cryptsetup -v luksDump /dev/sdc5
#Command failed with code 22: Device /dev/sdc5 is not a valid LUKS device.

oups, this volume wasn't actually encrypted :(  so then

 #lvscan
 inactive          '/dev/serveur/root' [464,48 GiB] inherit
 inactive          '/dev/serveur/swap_1' [1012,00 MiB] inherit

so we need to activate it:

#modprobe dm-mod
#vgchange -ay

and then simply mount the partition :

#mount /dev/serveur/root /media/rescue/

I thought my HDD was defected, and LVM volume encrypted, but it wasn't the case. So next time I'll think more simple, and I'll try the basics first.


As a workaround I can set the From: header manually with -a $EXTRAHEADER and drop the -- -f thing:

echo "some body" | mailx -s "some subject" recipient@example.de -a "From: sender@example.de"


Removing Windows and Ubuntu recovery partitions (BURG)

I believe what you are looking for is what is known as "folded mode".

Run

sudo burg-emu

in the terminal. This will open a window showing you what your current burg setup is (nice because you don't have to reboot). If you press F1 to view a list of keys you can press, you'll see the f key is set to toggle folded mode. Try pressing f and see if it makes your burg look nicer.

I believe you have to run

sudo update-burg

to save changes. Btw you can change theme/resolution there too.


download Oracle java 8 for Ubuntu 16.04 fails

Try to use this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Hope it will help


Step 1: Upgrade the packages to the latest version for 16.04 decreases the chance of something going wrong during the upgrade to version 18.04. Run the command below

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

Step 2:  Install the Ubuntu Update Manager.

sudo apt install update-manager-core

Step 3: Upgrade Ubuntu

sudo do-release-upgrade

Step 4: After the upgrade is complete, a restart will be required.

Step 5:To check what version of Ubuntu is currently installed, use the command below.

lsb_release -a

If that does not work, you need to follow these steps

Step 1: Edit apt configuration

Press Ctrl Alt T to open terminal
Now, type

sudo nano /etc/apt/apt.conf

Step 2: Change the config:

APT::Default-Release *;

Note If the apt.conf file does not exist, create your own user file in /etc/apt/apt.conf.d so you can guarantee that it won't be overwritten by package updates.
Use the command to create the file

sudo touch /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/apt.conf

Then to edit your file run

sudo nano /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/apt.conf

Add this line to the file

 APT::Default-Release *;


how can I write a script to move relative cursor position with a keystroke (Like AHK on Windows)

Install xdotool:

sudo apt-get install xdotool

and from a terminal or script:

Up

xdotool mousemove_relative -- 0 -70

Down

xdotool mousemove_relative 0 70

Right

xdotool mousemove_relative 70 0

Left

xdotool mousemove_relative -- -70 0

You can also pilot clicks with:

Left click

xdotool click 1

Right click

xdotool click 3


How to switch to discrete graphics ubuntu 16.04

I just happened to have this screen snapshot handy from a question I posted a couple hours ago:

From your launcher select System Settings then Software & Updates and then pick Additional Drivers tab.

On my screen the manufacturer shows as "NVIDIA" but on yours it will show "AMD". If you have multiple choices and don't know which to pick you can print your screen and Edit your question to show that image.


PulseAudio libraries

If someone need to handle PA adequately seems to Windows controls they can try their programming skills to maintain their own GUI library to routing PulseAudio. I think it is a rare people.

Though some chances to satisfy some needs always exist. Lookalike padevchooser or paman and other libraries for PA handling by Lennart Poettering:

PulseAudio Device Chooser 0.9.3

PulseAudio Manager 0.9.4

Shortly the PulseAudio is a deep integrated audio server and the way how the users will be route their workarounds still leave is a most important task of sound programmer.

JACK libraries

Though exists absolutely different for PA solution despite the many words against this method — it is a JACK integrated to PA libraries.
Lookalike QjackCtl JACK Audio Connection Kit - Qt GUI Interface:

Enjoy!


How to configure gmail integration to monitor only the inbox

This level of customization isn't currently possible. There's a bug report about the problems that creates:

Messaging Menu is always in 'attention' state when there are archived, labeled, unread items


How to make aptX-capable Bluetooth equipment work with Ubuntu?

Edit 2018-10-27: LDAC, APTX(-HD) and AAC support for PulseAudio are in the works. There is a repository on GitHub by EHfive with patches as well as a PPA for 18.04 onward, check the Wiki for more information. It looks like the patches will arrive upstream at some point in time. I checked the PPA on 18.04, it works, though it replaces PA 11.1 with 12, installs a newer version of ffmpeg and x265.

Are PPAs safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?

Edit 2017-12-18: I must have missed it a few weeks ago, but it looks like there is an encoder now in FFmpeg. To my knowledge no user friendly solution exists at the moment.
The short answer
You have to use special branded Bluetooth dongles. Have a look at the How can I use aptX then? section of this answer or browse the aptx.com site for transmitters.

The longer answer
Licensing issues
The aptX codec is proprietary standard, that CSR acquired from APT Licensing Ltd. with the goal to develop and market aptX powered high fidelity Bluetooth audio solutions via ingredient branding. You are correct, this is a strategy for CSR to sell exclusive chips.
I found the following clause when looking through the decoder license agreement:

implement the Software as firmware in secure code embedded in the Licensee Product

While this does not answer questions about the encoder, I would say that the situation is at least as difficult as with other proprietary codecs and software components (1, 2, 3).
How can I use aptX then?
You can use it, just not as a free software solution.
You can find special branded Bluetooth dongles, so called aptX Transmitters. These are not the typical nano or pico-sized Bluetooth dongles, but USB Audio Class devices. (Have a look at the device classes section on the USB article in Wikipedia for more information.) This means that these devices will be recognized as soundcards and will not provide Bluetooth connectivity to the host computer. There is also one major downside: these cost almost 10 times as much as regular Bluetooth dongles.
List of aptX Transmitters or Bluetooth dongles with aptX support in alphabetical order:

Creative BT-D1 USB Bluetooth Transmitter, Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
Creative BT-W1/BT-W2 USB, Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
Sennheiser BTD 500 USB, Bluetooth 3.0
Avantree BTDG-50-WGR, Bluetooth 4.1 with aptX LL
1mii B10, Bluetooth 5.0 with aptX LL, via AskNoah, ASINs: B083TD9VW4 (US), B086KXR1CF (DE)
Avantree DG80, Bluetooth 5.0 with aptX LL

Looks similar to 1mii B10 and probably is. Turned up as sponsored Amazon search result. I'm going to test both, particularly with two Nest Audio in stereo mode which at the moment have a 1s delay that I had to adjust in PulseAudio.

Check the configured codec of a connection
Install bluez-hcidump and run sudo hcidump avdtp, then connect the device and look for the configuration negotiation. The following this is the result I got (see also), it looks like it tried aptX, AAC and finally settled for SBC.
$ sudo hcidump avdtp
HCI sniffer - Bluetooth packet analyzer ver 5.35
device: hci0 snap_len: 1500 filter: 0x400
< AVDTP(s): Discover cmd: transaction 11 nsp 0x00
> AVDTP(s): Discover rsp: transaction 11 nsp 0x00
    ACP SEID 5 - Audio Sink
    ACP SEID 3 - Audio Sink
    ACP SEID 1 - Audio Sink
< AVDTP(s): Capabilities cmd: transaction 12 nsp 0x00
    ACP SEID 5
> AVDTP(s): Capabilities rsp: transaction 12 nsp 0x00
    Media Transport
    Media Codec - non-A2DP (aptX)
      16kHz 32kHz 44.1kHz 48kHz
      Stereo
< AVDTP(s): Capabilities cmd: transaction 13 nsp 0x00
    ACP SEID 3
> AVDTP(s): Capabilities rsp: transaction 13 nsp 0x00
    Media Transport
    Media Codec - MPEG-2,4 AAC
      MPEG-2 AAC LC MPEG-4 AAC LC
      8kHz 11.025kHz 12kHz 16kHz 22.05kHz 24kHz 32kHz 44.1kHz 48kHz
      1 2 Channels
      320000bps VBR
    Content Protection
      02 00
< AVDTP(s): Capabilities cmd: transaction 14 nsp 0x00
    ACP SEID 1
> AVDTP(s): Capabilities rsp: transaction 14 nsp 0x00
    Media Transport
    Media Codec - SBC
      16kHz 32kHz 44.1kHz 48kHz
      Mono DualChannel Stereo JointStereo
      4 8 12 16 Blocks
      4 8 Subbands
      SNR Loudness
      Bitpool Range 2-53
    Content Protection
      02 00
< AVDTP(s): Set config cmd: transaction 15 nsp 0x00
    ACP SEID 1 - INT SEID 1
    Media Transport
    Media Codec - SBC
      44.1kHz
      JointStereo
      16 Blocks
      8 Subbands
      Loudness
      Bitpool Range 2-53
> AVDTP(s): Set config rsp: transaction 15 nsp 0x00
< AVDTP(s): Open cmd: transaction 0 nsp 0x00
    ACP SEID 1
> AVDTP(s): Open rsp: transaction 0 nsp 0x00
< AVDTP(s): Start cmd: transaction 1 nsp 0x00
    ACP SEID 1
> AVDTP(s): Start rsp: transaction 1 nsp 0x00
< AVDTP(m): ver 2 cc 0 pt 1 seqn 0 time 0 ssrc 1
< AVDTP(m): ver 2 cc 0 pt 1 seqn 1 time 896 ssrc 1

Troubleshooting

A2DP is unidirectional, you can only listen to music with A2DP. For voice calling use the HSP/HFP profiles.
If headphones or devices are not recognized or listed as output device for example in VLC, try switching to another soundcard and back via sound settings. The devices should be recognized then.

What about Ubuntu Phone?
I don't know if Ubuntu on Phones will support this codec. CSR documents say that solutions are available for Android device manufacturers, so I assume it's up to the phone manufacurers to decide if and how. Of course Ubuntu Touch generally supports Bluetooth headsets and I was able to pair my Nexus 4 running Ubuntu with the headsets I tested.

My experience and tests
Bluetooth modules and dongles tested:

Desktop with nano Bluetooth 2.1 and 4.0 dongles, Lenovo T530 with built in module. - A2DP achieved almost the same quality level as the BTD 500 when playing music from FLAC files. Audio from movies was in sync with 14.04.
Sennheiser BTD 500 USB. - Pairing takes as long as with regular non-NFC capable dongles.

Headsets tested:

Philips Fidelio M1BTBL, Bluetooth 4.0. - Works fine with all dongles and modules.
Sony MDR-10RBT, Bluetooth 3.0, NFC. - Works fine with all dongles and modules.
Creative Sound Blaster EVO ZxR, Bluetooth 2.1, NFC. - This one had the best reception range of all the three, but couldn't connect to the BTD 500.


How can I create a new profile for Gnome terminal via command line?

For Gnome-Terminal < 3.8

You can not create a new profile, but you can dump your current configuration, using gconftool-2, modify it and load it.

gconftool-2 --dump '/apps/gnome-terminal' > gnome-terminal-conf.xml
## Modify the file here.
gconftool-2 --load gnome-terminal-conf.xml

Remember that it only returns the non-default values (or what gconf detects as non-default) so, the resultant file could not be complete.


Is snap portable across other UNIX (example macOS)?

Yes, thanks to the stability of the Linux syscall interface, this is possible.

One of Linus Torvalds' great commitments to Linux users is that the set of interfaces offered by the kernel is stable. Many people don't appreciate the value of this, or how challenging it is as a leader of an open project to achieve that commitment. Consider for example how unpredictable changes in the GNOME APIs are by contrast! When you hear about Linus getting intense on a mailing list, it's almost always because some committer to the kernel decided to change such an interface 'because they had a better idea'. Linus says you can innovate wildly INSIDE the kernel, but please don't break the 'userspace' apps which depend on existing syscalls.

As a consequence of that stability it is possible for other kernels to offer the same syscalls, allowing apps built on Linux to run on those other kernels.

One example of that is the Joyent Triton project, which offer Linux-compatible syscalls in containers on SmartOS (a descendent of IllumOS, a descendent of Solaris).

A more widely known example is the new Linux subsystem in Windows.

Of course, how many of the syscalls are offered, and how bug-for-bug compatible they are, is the real question. At least for now, there is not another environment where all the necessary syscalls are in place, because the ones snaps use are relatively new and deep in the way the kernel thinks about the things it manages.

But they will certainnly come, in time, and I think snaps will thus be usable in a wide range of contexts.

Which is very cool, patches welcome :)


You mentioned you are running Ubuntu 20.04 in your VM and have given it 4 cores and 4GB of RAM, but you haven't mentioned what the host OS is, how many CPU cores the host has or what hypervisor you are using. Based on that, I can only answer this in the most generic of terms.

1) Don't give all of your CPU cores to the VM. If you have 4 CPU cores, give only 3 to the VM. This will reduce the total throughput but will reduce the performance jitter because the VM kernel has no way of telling that the host OS has un-scheduled it in order for the host to run something on the physical CPU core.

2) Make sure you configure the VM to expose the underlying CPU topology. If you have 4 cores / 8 threads on the host and you are passing 3 cores / 6 threads to the VM, configure the VM appropriately to expose this information to the guest VM. This will allow the guest's kernel to schedule processes more sanely.

3) Pin logical CPU threads to physical CPU threads. The way to do this will be specific to the hypervisor you are using.

4) If you are on a NUMA system and your VM is smaller than a NUMA node, make sure it's CPU cores and memory are all allocted on a single NUMA node. This will ensure memory latency is consistent throughput it's range and that you are not inducing unnecessary CPU cache misses. This is mostly relevant if you have a system with more than one CPU socket, or multiple dies on one CPU socket (e.g. Core 2 quad or AMD Zen).

5) Use appripriate paravirtualized drivers for storage and graphics.

Any other advice over and above this will need to be specific to the hypervisor you are using.


The following will help get the touch pad working.

Try the following

  sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

  synclient TouchpadOff=0

  sudo chmod +wrx '/var/lib/dpkg/lock'

  sudo apt-get install synaptic

Run the following command to check if the touch pad is installed

  lsmod

  lsmod | grep psmouse

Depending on the output try the following command to install/reinstall the touch pad
 module.

  sudo modprobe -r psmouse

  sudo modprobe psmouse

For more details refer to the following link

12.04 Touchpad not working Asus g51vx-A1


Ubuntu GNOME: Grey screen and very slow boot

CLI method
sudo nano /etc/default/grub

And change GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 to GRUB_TIMEOUT=1
sudo update-grub

GUI method (mostly)
Install Grub Customizer
To do that, Open terminal by pressing Ctrl+alt+T, and enter the following commands one by one
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

After installing it open it by this command
grub-customizer

it might ask you for your password

Go to General Settings tab
Check Show menu option under visibility (if you want Grub Screen to be visible)
Change the value of Boot default entry after to be less than 10 Seconds (I've made it 1 Second)
After you're done click on Save button in upper left corner

Try to reboot your system now, and see if the problem is gone
Theme might not look like this

More info
How to edit files in a terminal with nano?


Mouse speed too fast - I can change it with xinput, but how can I make the change persistent?

You can put that command mentioned here Mouse speed too fast at the end of ~/.profile will run the command automatically when you login into your system.

Run sudo nano ~/.profile to be able to edit it. Add the command at the end, save the file and exit. It should work correctly.

For further information about running a command on startup:

How to run a command at login?


Does Ocra screen reader come on Edubuntu by default?

Edubuntu is basically Ubuntu with an additionally installed meta package. Therefore all applications that are available for Ubuntu will also be available in Edubuntu, including Orca. From version >=11.04 you will also have a package selection on installation of Edubuntu.

Orca is an integral part of the GNOME desktop and should therefore run fine in Edubuntu as GNOME is also the default desktop environment there.

However some of the applications bundeled with Edubuntu make use of KDE. Depending on the application in question you may need to test the Orca acessibility for these individually.

Unfortunately Orca is not yet sufficiently integrated in Unity, therefore using the classical GNOME desktop is recommended.


GNOME Boxes is a graphical user interface similar to virt-manager aimed to access virtual machines based on Qemu or for viewing remote desktops:

  That said, Boxes will be sharing a lot of code-base with virt-manager project, mainly in the form of libvirt, libosinfo (not yet used by virt-manager) and qemu.GNOME

Therefore it is not expected that there will be any performance improvements in comparison with existing virtualization software listed here. It may however be easier to access you virtual machines from GNOME. There is also a question on this topic here.

From my experience Virtual Box is so easy to handle that it does not really need any user interface other than the one provided. It also has the advantage of a being a cross- platform application.


Ubuntu 18.10 problem with Nvidia 340 drivers

NVIDIA make script is using cc link for compiling nvidia.ko. check cc link with command: sudo update-alternatives --list cc and if necessary replace cc target with command: sudo update-alternatives --config cc.

NVIDIA driver and Linux kernel must be compiled with the same gcc version.

install NVIDIA kernel driver with command: sudo apt-get install nvidia-340 or manually run NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-340.107.run script as root user.

after installation generate proper xorg.conf file with command: sudo nvidia-xconfig. normally nvidia-xconfig set proper value of DPI for your monitor.

to adopt proper DPI setting for your monitor specify your desired DPI by placing desired value inside section "Monitor" of your /etc/X11/xorg.conf. for example: Option "DPI" "96 x 96"

logout an login to apply new settings for the X server.


More accurately, your shell (bash, by default) preserves the command history. It's not a function of the terminal app, gnu screen, or byobu. They all run bash, so they all share a bash history.

I don't see the behavior you're describing. My sudo shutdown ... commands seem to be preserved fine.

Some reasons you might not see a command in your bash history -

when you enter a command with spaces at the very beginning of the line, it's not kept in the history (assuming your $HISTCONTROL contains "ignorespace" or "ignoreboth")
the HISTIGNORE variable defines patterns to be excluded from the history. A cautious admin might add 'shutdown' as a string to exclude, to avoid accidentally shutting down a system with a mistaken history invocation.
The history is written to disk (~/.bash_history) when the shell exits. If the shell is ended abnormally (e.g. segfault, power loss, etc) then your history for that session won't be saved. (During shutdown the shell is typically killed normally and writes its history.)

More details can be found here: Bash Reference Manual: Bash History Facilities


How to prevent removal of 3rd party kernel module?

If you manually build kernel modules, you have to rebuild them after each kernel upgrade.
You can use dkms to automate this process.


Cannot login into new install of OpenLDAP

So first of all ubuntu manage to create a long how to (https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/serverguide/openldap-server.html) about LDAP which omits an important phase:

You would have to run sudo dpkg-reconfigure slapd after you installed slapd and select : NO - your.domain.com - Organisation name - password - password - HDB - YES - YES - NO

I found the solution at Where is the dc=example,dc=com ldap dit?

Thank's for muru


How do I manage my Ubuntu One Music Store account, specifically change my email address?

Go to https://login.ubuntu.com/
Login using your email address and password.
Click "Manage email addresses".
Add your new email.
After verifying your email, go back to Ubuntu Single Sign On then select your new email in "Preferred email". Click "Update".
If it still uses your old email (it happened to me in Ubuntu One), remove the old one in "Manage email addresses".


How to hide the little yellow box which appears when a file in Nautilus is selected?

You can do so by enabling status bar in Nautilus menu > View > Statusbar. After enabling Statusbar, yellow box will disappear and it's content will be shown in the Statusbar below the content pane.

Before

After


How to run a downloaded program for use with Betfair

The following instructions were tested in Xubuntu 14.04 running in VirtualBox, because I don't like installing a betting program in a host OS, and even though mt3 does not run as root neither should you.

Make a new folder on your desktop called mt3.
Download the .zip (mt3.zip) from www.chromaweb.com to the mt3 folder.
Unzip it.
Open the terminal and navigate using cd to the mt3 folder you've unzipped it to. There should be a file in it called mt3.jar.
Run the mt3.jar file with this command:

java -jar mt3.jar

An mt3 login window will open.


No GUI on Ubuntu 18.04 after reinstalling

Update, fix packages dependencies, upgrade:

sudo apt clean && sudo apt update && sudo apt install -f && sudo apt upgrade

You could also try to install gdm3 or lightdm display managers and switch to them:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3

or

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

Then you could also try to start or restart them by:

sudo systemctl start gdm3

Display manager is responsible for gnome session launching in your case.


Right-clicking and selecting Terminal in Desktop doesn't set path of the terminal to the Desktop

This can be changed in dconf editor by changing org > gnome > nautilus > preferences > desktop-is-home-dir

Edit: It appears this functionality was removed with this code change in gnome-terminal

static inline gboolean
desktop_opens_home_dir (TerminalNautilus *nautilus)
{
#if 0
  return  _client_get_bool (gconf_client,
                                "/apps/nautilus-open-terminal/desktop_opens_home_dir",
                                NULL);
#endif
  return TRUE;
}

Source

Recently they appear to be changing this, but it's unclear if the functionality will return:

Source


Poor graphic performance with xfce 12.04

Use the latest open source drivers from Oibaf's PPA

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers; sudo apt-get update; sudo aptitude upgrade -y; sudo aptitude dist-upgrade -y; sudo aptitude install xserver-xorg-video-all -y

Honestly, I find Unity on Ubuntu 13.04 and especially Ubuntu 13.10 to be faster than Xfce significantly with graphics performance.


Mouse pointer keeps shaking when AC power is plugged in

This is a hardware problem (maybe is possible to mitigate via software), particularly on Dells. The touchpad doesn't have an stable ground (0 V) level. You can of course try a live distro to confirm.

Workaround: A way I found helps in all cases is to touch with your other hand the ground, some way to touch a metal part of your laptop. One easy way to do this is to plug an ordinary USB to microUSB adapter and touch the metal shield.

Another way is to use a cable or a paper clip (shaped like a 9) around the AC plug.

Sometimes changing the AC power adapter helps.

Of course to avoid all this you can just use an external mouse.


Please I am new to ubuntu 14.04 and i can't adjust my screen brightness

You can install xbacklight with sudo apt-get install xbacklight, and then try xbacklight -set 10.

If that does not work, then open up the folder /sys/class/backlight/ and see if there are any entries. If not, then you probably don't have your video drivers installed.

Edit: OK, the following seems to have worked for OP: Brightness setting not working on Xubuntu 15.04 ( vivid vervet)


Windows 8, 8.1, and 10 sometimes override the system main boot loader on some computers. Your computer should have an option to boot from certain EFI files, or choose from a boot menu using EFIs found in the boot partitions. There you can navigate the boot partition and find either of 2 EFI files I found a link here to build EFI files and make them default. I don't know about functionality with all Ubuntu distros.

P.S. Please give computer information for more help on boot help from us.


missing file - wouldnt load- i just want linux

There is a procedure from ubuntu to install it using the windows installer. Not for Win 8

http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-ubuntu-with-windows


Problem with OpenGL or Unity, need Gnome fallback mode

Issues booting into a graphical shell usually are from missing, buggy or wrong drivers for our graphics card. To debug this we may boot into a shell with administrative rights and networking enabled as depicted here:

How do I boot into a root shell?

From there we can issue all commands from a command line, edit configuration files using a command line editor, update drivers, install or remove applications, and upgrade our distribution with bugfixes or security updates.

For installing the GNOME session fallback, after we had booted into a root shell with networking enabled we may issue the following commands:

# apt-get update # refreshes our aplications cache
# apt-get dist-upgrade # updates applications and the kernel
# apt-get install gnome-session-fallback # or any other application

Please be careful what you do in this root shell, because you are now root with the powers to do anything to your system even break it in case you made an error.

Please also note that in future releases GNOME session fallback will probably be called GNOME session flashback but it is at present uncertain how long this will be supported. So it will be a temporary solution only.


Try this:

Edit /etc/pulse/daemon.conf

make sure it contains these lines (adding or uncommenting)

default-sample-rate = 44100
alternate-sample-rate = 44100


first you need to re attach to the screen session
screen -r 23520 as you have done. Then press ctrl + a and then a k and press y when it asks if you really want to kill the session

Source


How to replace OpenJDK 6 with OpenJDK 7?

The problem is that the default-jre package depends on OpenJDK 6 and most other packages have their dependencies defined as default-jre | openjdk-6-jre | sun-java6-jre - so until OpenJDK 7 becomes officially supported and will be used as the default version, or until all Java-dependent packages update their dependencies, you'll have to keep OpenJDK 6 around and set the OpenJDK 7 as default using update-java-alternatives. Example for 64-bit system:

$ update-java-alternatives -l
java-1.6.0-openjdk 1061 /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk
java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64 1051 /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64
$ sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64

On 32-bit system the directory name will differ, you can find the right name using the -l switch. The second command may spit a lot of errors; either use --jre switch or just ignore errors – the script changes what it can and just ignores the rest.

One could theoretically edit the default-jre package to depend on OpenJDK 7, but be warned that this can cause more harm than good.


Why can I not add new bookmarks to a Firefox bookmarks folder?

Try fixing the Bookmarks file, there may be an issue that your bookmarks file is write-protected.

Click on the Help menu and select Troubleshooting Information. Once open look under the Application Basics section, click on Open Directory, and a window with your profile files will open.  Once you get that done, you need to exit Firefox.

Find and right click on the places.sqlite file, select Properties, and make sure that the file is NOT Read-only.  Once done restart Firefox, and see if it works.  Seem images below.


How do I mount a drive so that it is readable by me?

If you do this often, you may add a line to your /etc/fstab which will tell that the partition can be mounted by a non-root user. Something like this:

/dev/fd0        /media/floppy0  auto    rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0       0

here, the 'user' option does what you need. See 'The non-superuser mounts' in mount's manfile.

The 'noauto' option tells the boot scripts not to attempt to mount the filesystem on boot (see the documentation for -a switch for mount command). Instead, you will be able to mount it explicitly by issuing

mount /dev/fd0

or

mount /media/floppy0

Also, the user who mounted the filesystem should be able to unmount it too.

For a one-off mount you need to specify uid=value or gid=value to make all the files on the mounted filesystem to be owned by that user. See "Mount options for fat" in mount's manfile.


Unable to remove directory connected to Netflix

You don't have to use commands for this if you don't want to. It's just a hidden directory in your home folder. In order to view hidden files and folders, you can press Ctrl+h. Select the folder and delete it as you would with any other file. Then use the previous combination to hide them again. You can also view or hide hidden files using the menu.

If the folder isn't there, then you can't delete it. Sounds like you've already deleted it.


How can Transparency be enabled in Cinnamon?

Open Cinnamon Settings -> Themes dialog, there is an Other Settings tab. There you can choose the theme style to be transparent or not.

hope that helps.


touch: cannot touch `/usr/share/tomcat7/logs/catalina.out': No such file or directory

When installed using the tomcat7 package, it is intended that you start and stop Tomcat using upstart (service tomcat start) or the /etc/init.d/tomcat script. If you start it using the startup.sh script then it is likely to have its environmental variables incorrectly configured.

Please see my answer to your previous question (How should I install Apache Tomcat 7 for use with Eclipse?) for a better way to install Tomcat if you don't want to run it as a service.


Right Click Change Background wallpaper not Working [Ubuntu 13.10]

i ran into this probs too. wallpaper just suddenly weren't showing up no matter what i changed into, although, the logon wall paper seems to change to my choosing...  if you have compiz installed, go to utility -> click on wallpaper -> remove the current set background picture... what ever you previous change your wallpaper too should appear as background...  and you should be able to change your background to your desire...  hope this help


Open terminal tab NEXT to current (active) tab

It's not possible with current gnome-terminal. If you're not afraid of recompiling it from source, well, there's a patch available at https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=709109.


You can use xrandr

Issue the following from a terminal to see a list of all your connected displays:

xrandr

You'll get something like:

Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1366 x 768, maximum 32767 x 32767
LVDS1 connected 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 277mm x 156mm
   1366x768       60.0*+
   1360x768       59.8     60.0
   1024x768       60.0
   800x600        60.3     56.2
   640x480        59.9
VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

You'll probably see your main output under LVDS1 and your secondary connected display under VGA1 or HDMI1.

In this case, to turn off your main display use:

xrandr --output LVDS1 --off

To turn it back on:

xrandr --output LVDS1 --auto

Keep in mind if you turn off your main display when no other is connected, X will just restart on your main display.


Below is an example of how to install Ubuntu on a 2011 iMac. Here, I assume you only have macOS installed. You may notice that the images were created using VirtualBox. However, you will be installing directly to the internal drive. I did actually install Ubuntu to my 2011 iMac's internal drive. The VirtualBox images are as close as I could come to reproducing what I saw.

  Note: To be a better view of an image, either click on the image or open the image in a new window.

For this example, the output from diskutil list disk0 is shown below.

 /dev/disk0 (internal, physical):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *536.9 GB   disk0
   1:                        EFI EFI                     209.7 MB   disk0s1
   2:                  Apple_HFS Macintosh HD            235.9 GB   disk0s2
   3:                 Apple_Boot Recovery HD             650.0 MB   disk0s3
   4:       Microsoft Basic Data UBUNTU                  299.9 GB   disk0s4

Use the Disk Utility application to erase the UBUNTU volume. Choose a format of Mac OS Extended (Journaled), as shown below.

Afterwards, diskutil list disk0 produced the result shown below. This will insure disk0 is not hybrid partitioned.

    /dev/disk0 (internal, physical):
       #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
       0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *536.9 GB   disk0
       1:                        EFI EFI                     209.7 MB   disk0s1
       2:                  Apple_HFS Macintosh HD            235.9 GB   disk0s2
       3:                 Apple_Boot Recovery HD             650.0 MB   disk0s3
       4:                  Apple_HFS UBUNTU                  299.9 GB   disk0s4

Insert the Ubuntu 18.10 DVD. The macOS operating system will not be able to read the DVD. This is normal. When the popup shown below appears, click on the Ignore button.

Restart the Mac. Immediately hold down the option key until the Startup Manager icons appear. Select the DVD icon labeled EFI boot. If there are two DVD icons labeled EFI boot, then choose either one.
When image shown below appears, select Try Ubuntu without installing. If you wait long enough, this choice will be made for you.

When the image shown below appears. Open the icon labeled Install Ubuntu 18.10.

  Note: My iMac was hardwired to the internet though the Ethernet jack. If you rely on Wi-Fi, then make the appropriate changes to these instructions.

Answer the questions until you reach the image shown below. Select Install third-party software for graphics and Wi-Fi hardware and additional media formats. When you have made the same selections as shown below, click on Continue.

Select Something else. When you have made the same selections as shown below, click on Continue.

Highlight the Device /dev/sda4, shown below. Next, click on the Change... button.

In the popup window, do not change the Size:. You should change Use as: to Ext4 journaling file system and Mount point: to /. Also, check off Format the partition:, as shown below. When finished, click on the OK button.

The result is shown below. Next, click on the Install Now button.

Select the Continue button shown in the image below.

In the image shown below, select your time zone, then click on the Continue button.

Answer any additional questions and allow Ubuntu to finish installing.

Comment on Changing the Default Operating System

You invoke the Startup Manager by holding down the option key at startup. To make an operating system the default, hold down the control key before making your selection.

Ubuntu will appear in the Startup Manager as an internal drive icon with the label EFI boot.


I think you can't. Unity only shows notification area and indicators. So if you port their code to use indicator-applet, they will work.


You can not skip normal Ubuntu releases. You can upgrade one version at a time, which means you have to through 14.04 to 14.10 then 15.04 and finally 15.10. Alternatively you can upgrade LTS to LTS. which means you can wait for 16.04 and upgrade directly from 14.04 to 16.04. Modifying sources.list wont help at all.


Was Installing Syncevolution, when I came across the following messages!

./configure is throwing this error because syncevoltion requires sqlite3, which is not installed on your system

So before running configure script, install SQLite 3 developmental package  first using

sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev

After it execute ./configure


WiFi and Bluetooth can't work simultaneously!

Try this command sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-opt.conf <<< "options iwlwifi bt_coex_active=N" and reboot. If it works use the following command to be permanent sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-opt.conf

The command will make bluetooth and WiFi coexist. Work at the same time.

When the last command removes the file "iwlwifi-opt.conf" it will delete the configuration that is blocking the coexistence of the two.

Comment edited to be able to approve


All evince bookmarks are stored as GIO metadata under $HOME/.local/share/gvfs-metadata/.

You can view all stored metadata for a specific file with

gvfs-info -a "metadata::evince::bookmarks" <document-uri>

References:

https://mail.gnome.org/archives/evince-list/2011-August/msg00000.html


The driver rtl8723ae is included in 3.8. You can install 3.8 from here: http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.8-raring/

Be sure to download and install the version, either 32- or 64-bit, appropriate to your architecture. Also be sure to install linux-image-extra.


To execute that .run program, you have to open a Terminal and write:

cd Downloads

chmod +x metasploit-latest-linux-installer.run

Then:

sudo ./metasploit-latest-linux-installer.run

And after installed, update before executing:

sudo msfupdate

And execute:

msfconsole


how to solve error processing /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pygst.pth:?

I  see you are trying to install python-gst0.10, which provides gstreamer bindings for Python. The files associated with that package are found by dpkg -S and these are the files giving errors:

python-gst0.10: /usr/share/pyshared/pygst.py
python-gst0.10: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pygst.pth
python-gst0.10: /usr/share/pyshared/pygst.pth
python-gst0.10: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pygst.py

I note you have tried sudo apt-get -f install and sudo dpkg --reconfigure -a, but it might also be worth trying sudo dpkg --configure -a, as that is used for packages that have not yet been properly configured; reconfigure is used for packages that have already been succesfully configured.

However, there also could be some corruption in the downloaded package as you keep getting errors when dpkg tries to read the files. Therefore to install the package successfully we could try to rename the package's currently corrupted list file with

sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-gst0.10.list /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-gst0.10.list.old

Now when sudo apt-get update is run and then you try to install the package, the package list will be redownloaded and you should be able to install successfully. This has worked for other packages for me, but if it doesn't work we can discuss more generic ways of sorting out these issues such as running sudo apt-get clean to clear the package cache.


How can I view my partition sizes and mount points?

You can use GParted(GNOME Partition Editor). To install it in Ubuntu, run the following commands(one-by-one) :-

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gparted

After installation, you can use GParted Partition Manger to view partition sizes and mount points.


Can't transfer files to USB drive, but I can upload them to Internet

This problem is solved.
The answer was NOT in software. It was in hardware failures.
Bad memory.
Failing power supply.
And possibly a fan cooling issue.

Memory chips, power supply, and fans have all been replaced. The problem appears to be finally solved.


Short answer...
You can view your current setting using the terminal, with sysctl vm.swappiness. You can observe your memory and swap usage with free -h.
In the simplest explanation, vm.swappiness sets the ratio of in-memory activity vs swap activity. Swap refers to the use of a swap partition, or a /swapfile. All computers need swap. The size of swap varies by system configuration and usage.
vm.swappiness values approaching 10 do less swapping, with more in-memory activity. This can be used in high-memory environments, or where swap latency negatively effects performance, as in Ubuntu Server environments.
vm.swappiness values approaching 80/90 do more swapping, with less in-memory activity. This can be used in low-memory environments, where the desire is to rely more on swap. Generally, adding more memory, is a better long term solution.
The default vm.swappiness value for Ubuntu Desktop installs is 60. This strikes a good balance for typical users and configurations.


How to uninstall OpenCV 2.4.9 completely from Ubuntu?

I had a similar issue, but with version 2.4.8, I found this solution:

"So, to find all OpenCV libraries
1

$> sudo find / -name "*opencv*" -exec rm -i {} \;

The above command will find any file containing opencv in the name, and will prompt you to remove it. As always, be careful when deleting things manually!
That will take a hell of long time. Next I figure out that since I installed from compiling opencv from the source and used

make install

to create the install manifest, and then I pretty simple to use

make uninstall

Yes indeed it for sure clean up itself. Now I have a clean system to install the lates opencv release."

Works for me.


How well does an ATI mobility radeon hd 5650 work?

According to this post on the ArchLinux forums, the proprietary flgrx driver supports this card.

It should therefore work with Unity.


volume up/down reset after unplugging headphones

It turns out this is probably the reason why this is implemented as such. It works for me for 11.10.


Yes, assuming you are using bash (and closing the open quote) -

mysql -u user -p database \
  -e "INSERT INTO table VALUES ( NULL, $(date +%s | md5sum) , NOW(), 0);"


How to install uTorrent for Ubuntu 17.10

qbittorrent is in the universe repo.

sudo add-apt-repository universe

Then install qbittorrent:

sudo apt-get install qbittorrent


Will Old versions still get security fixes?

No, not right now at least. Firefox 7 is the security update to Firefox 6, etc.

  I want to "pin" it to 7.* or preferably downgrade to 6.*.

That's not a good idea for those versions in particular, since (as noted above) you won't get security updates.

Good news, though -- Mozilla's currently fleshing out a plan for "extended support releases" which will address this use-case.  There's a proposal posted on the Mozilla wiki.

For now, if you want to lock onto a specific version, 3.6.* is probably your safest bet (as noted in comments above), since that branch is still receiving security updates.

Alternately, if Add-on breakage is your main problem, you can try using the Add-on Compatibility Reporter extension, which will force your add-ons to be treated as compatible, even if they haven't been explicitly  marked as such.  In rare cases, forced compatibility can cause add-ons not to work properly, but generally it makes them work fine in new versions.


On Ubuntu there's logs for both apt and dpkg in /var/log directory, so all action related to installing and uninstalling go there, however these logs are rotated ( i.e. archived and eventually deleted ). So in short, it's possible to generate a list of items you uninstalled from these logs with a few text processing utilities, but if you need a persistent list, you may want to disable log rotation as well. Beware that on Ubuntu app name and package to which app belongs may differ in format, i.e. something like difference between Firefox for Android and the actual .apk package name. The information in logs contains only package names.

Another thing to be aware of is that phones and tablets sync with cloud. Personal computer operating systems generally do not  do that unless configured by sysadmin at an organization. So there's no "list" in the Ubuntu software center as in Play store.


Cannot mount drive under ubuntu server 18.04

You attempt to mount the wrong device. You're trying to mount /dev/mda126, which is not the partition.

Replace /dev/mda126 with /dev/md126p1.


Installing Java 8:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Installing Processing 3.3.6

Download Processing 3.3.6 tar.gz file from http://download.processing.org/processing-3.3.6-linux64.tgz
Copy the downloaded file to home directory
Open terminal and type  tar xvfz processing-3.3.6-linux64.tgz which will create a new file called processing-3.3.6
Now change to that directory using cd processing-3.3.6
Use ./processing to run Processing 3.3.6

To create a shortcut of program:

Search for Main Menu and launch it (Download from Ubuntu Software if you don't have Main Menu application).
Select Accessories on left hand side
Click on New Item button .
Enter Processing as name.
Enter /home/aditya/processing-3.3.6/processing as command and click OK.
Now search for Processing and launch it.
In the launcher Right Click the icon and select Lock to Launcher.

Done!
Now whenever you want to launch Processing, just click on this icon.

All The Best!


ubuntu 14.04 remove ibus but system setting disappear

I had the same issue and you can install gcin.

  sudo apt-get install gcin

Or simply desable ibus on Language Support set it to none.


ubuntu 14.04.2 with dual monitor - doesn't log in

I've got the same problem. I am using a TUXEDO 14" Laptop.
For me works a right-mouse-click into the blank (white) screen for unfreezing.

But then there was no usage of keyboard to type the password. I used the on-screen-keyboard from within the disabled menu to login.


Ubuntu 17.10 corrupted bios Lenovo with USB boot device

The bug is fixed in the 'artful dot one' release 17.10.1, that you find at http://releases.ubuntu.com/17.10.1/

Ubuntu 17.10.1 ISOs Now Available To Avoid Thrashing Some UEFI Systems

  It was a BIOS/UEFI corrupting problem but fortunately for
  affected users a software fix was discovered to make the hardware
  happy again.

  It's important to note that this 17.10.1 ISO re-release does not have
  any KPTI/Retpoline for Meltdown/Spectre mitigation or other changes.
  So it's still important to update your system once installed.


Ubuntu 12.10 not recognized after installing Windows 8

just boot from live usb/disk and reinstall grub
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


What is handing out DHCP to the devices on the networks?

It's really quite simple. You simply need to hand out in the DHCP a route for the 192.168.2.XXX network to the devices in the 192.168.1.XXX network, which tells them to route through the IP of your server (192.168.1.1 if that's it). Then it should just work for the devices in the 192.168.1.XXX network to talk to the cameras in the 192.168.2.XXX network. You may also need to send the reverse routing to the 192.168.2.XXX network so they can route to 192.168.1.XXX via your server.


what is the script-able equivalent to the user command "apt list --installed"?

Aptitude package search with customize formatting.

When searching packages with aptitude, search terms are used to limit the search, in this case 'installed' packages. Pattern are then performed using  case-insensitive regular expressions (by adding '^' '$' anchors to the pattern exact package name can be matched). With -F option a customized output format string can be formed by using %escapes.

Example:

$ aptitude search '?narrow(?installed, "^grep$")' -F '%p (%v)' -q=2 --disable-columns
  grep (3.3-1)

(Script example with short search terms)

#!/bin/bash

read -r package_name package_version < <(aptitude search '~i^grep$' -F '%p %v' -q=2 --disable-columns 2>&-)

echo $package_name
echo $package_version

exit 0

Search term reference:   ?narrow() - Select packages for which a single version matches both filter and pattern.   ?installed - Select installed packages.

Escape placeholders:   %p - Outputs the name of the package.   %v - Outputs the currently installed version of the package.

Aptitude options:   -F - Specify the format which should be used to display output.   -q - Suppress all progress indicators. Supplied multiple times makes the output quieter.   --disable-columns - This option causes search to output their results without any special formatting.

Get package selections with dpkg.

$ dpkg --get-selections grep
  grep                                            install

or

$ dpkg -l grep
  ii  grep           3.3-1        amd64        GNU grep, egrep and fgrep

(Script example)

#!/bin/bash

if [[ $(dpkg --get-selections grep 2>&-) =~ .+[[:space:]]+install$ ]]; then
  echo Installed
fi

or

#!/bin/bash

if (( $(dpkg -l grep 2>&- | grep -c ^ii) == 1 )); then
  echo Installed
fi

Get package status with dpkg-query.

$ dpkg-query --showformat='${Package}\t${Version} (${db:Status-Status})\n' --show grep
  grep    3.3-1 (installed)

(Script example)

#!/bin/bash

if [[ $(dpkg-query --showformat='${db:Status-Status}' --show grep 2>&-) == 'installed' ]]; then
  echo Installed
fi


After removed lubuntu-desktop, still got lubuntu lockscreen

In fact sudo apt-get remove lubuntu-desktop doesn't remove all the lubuntu stuff.

I had to list all the packages containing lubuntu : dpkg --get-selections | grep -v deinstall

And remove them.


How to choose install location using "apt-get install"?

I don't know if I got the problem correctly. So the answer goes in two directions. The first, apt-get, deb packages and source packages. The second, Git.

The first thing to say is that apt-get install do not choose where to install a package, but the package itself has that information. A .deb file is just a set of compressed folders which, in fact, has the proper install targets within. So, in short, no you can't change the apt-get install destination of the packages, because it has to do with the packages, not with apt-get. Last on this, each location within a deb goes to the particular gnu/linux directory in your system, so /usr/share/bin cannot be changed by other, the same for the "man" pages, icons, etc. Once you touch the deb, it is actually a very tricky thing to handle.

Second, of course you can work-around the paths if you know what you are doing. It is not a simple task to do for begginers or intermediate users since you need to handle the deb packaging rules to modify the deb package. To do that, just download the package without installing it with apt-get, uncompress the package and edit the deb manifest and the files/folders you may want to change. Again, this is not encouraged at all and there is no reason to do this unless you are a developer that want to test something in particular with that package.

Third, you can allways compile from the source. That will basically make a "portable" version of the software you want to install and will locate it on your home folder. Of course, it will carry a) lots of dev dependecies to build the source b) eventually solve different problems regarding the compilation. This is also not recommended for begginers, unless there is no other way to install that particular software (which clearly is not the case of Git).

But, probably you might just want to change the git location target folders? To do that you just need to configure your git account and the folders to sync. That process though has nothing to do with apt-get. Check some guides on how to do it here: (http://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/index.html) or here (https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-install-git-on-ubuntu-12-04). Of course you can always see the official page or the man page of git (man git in a terminal).


Bios corrupted with Ubuntu 17.10 no UEFI boot or saving changes

I had more or less the same problems. I am on Ubuntu 17.10 as my only OS, on an HP-envy. I could not boot from a usb drive, and I could not make changes in bios, because they won't be saved.

This link explains everything and comes up with a way to fix it, and it worked for me. It is about the new kernel of Ubuntu 17.10

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1734147


How to display a message from anacrontab

You can use at to do this:

echo "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000 notify-send -u critical \"test\"" | at 10am + 4 days

you can put this line in your crontab file so it reschedules the job each time. Note "1000" is your user id: id -u.

thanks to user535733


How to execute an sh file from a short cut in the desktop to run an app

To create a shortcut on the desktop, open a terminal (ctrl-alt-t) then type:

cd Desktop
ln -s ../TunerStudio.sh TunerStudio


captive portal keeps appearing and no internet

Captive Portals are... finnicky.  Sometimes, those portals don't like Linux, and I proved this myself a couple of weeks ago when I was in hospital for appendicitis and getting my appendix removed.
Unfortunately, if a captive portal won't accept your clicks or anything, and you've tried more than one browser (Chrome and Firefox are the big ones), AND it keeps appearing (or just doesn't load) then your only bet you have left for using the Internet is to tether to your phone or such.
Unfortunately, these captive portals are not actually your system and we can't actually do much do diagnose/fix those.  (So the best we can do is offer alternatives)


I cannot install Polybar on Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS

If there is not a .deb available for you I would compile from source.

To compile from source you need to install the dependencies. Not just the packages, but the headers in the -dev packages.

Google search the name of the package...

https://www.google.com/search?q=ubuntu+dependencies+xcb-xkb&oq=ubuntu+dependencies+xcb-xkb

and you can see it is in the libxcb-xkb-dev so

sudo apt-get install libxcb-xkb-dev

and on for each dependency.

See also https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CompilingEasyHowTo It is a long page but will walk you through what you need to know to compile.


Why does my laptop suddenly turn off while my battery reports about 24% of charge?

Please check whether you have set proper ventilation or cooling pads for your laptop. laptops will shutdown if it is over heated. You can find several articles in net regarding this issue. Google it –  Vembu 2 mins ago


Why does my Ubuntu run on low-graphic mode?

Answered by Micheal K in a comment:

  Did you install the graphics driver from the official nvidia homepage?

  There you can get an installer which sets it up for you. You have to
  shutdown the gnome display manager and then you execute the file.

  This installer also creates a kernel module for you. If you already
  used this driver installer, please attach your /etc/X11/xorg.conf if
  it exists. Also your X11 server log file would be helpful.


Adding new repositories to obsolete distribution?

If you replace the standard available repositories in /etc/apt/sources.list with the current ones then your question makes no sense because this will upgrade the system anyway since it installs the latest version of software available in the repositories. This method is officially unsupported but it does work. I always use this method. There's one catch if you do this you'll have to do it on a regular basis. Going from 10.04 to 16.04 means skipping 6 years or 12 versions and that's a very long period. You might encounter incompatibilities or even break the system.


su: Cannot make/remove an entry for the specified session

Try using just su without the "sudo".

You need to be very careful with pam.d and pam.conf as you can lock yourself out of your own system if you make a mistake....as you have almost done.

If you cannot fix things up with su, and you have important data on your server that you cannot access, then try with Ubuntu live usb. You may be better off with a fresh installation after retrieving important data. Here you should install Ubuntu server 18.04. I can think of no good reason to be running old software.


The op solved it by running this command in a terminal. pacmd set-default-sink, the answer was in the question by the OP.


How do I configure Juju for use on Azure?

Juju now fully supports Windows Azure (https://azure.microsoft.com/).

Install the latest version of Juju:

https://jujucharms.com/docs/

Juju is already aware of the configuration required to access Azure, but you will need to activate some services on your Azure account and collect some credential information to allow Juju to access it:

https://jujucharms.com/docs/stable/help-azure


Backspace key is not working In Ubuntu 13.04

If it is just the backspace key you need, there are other alternatices that to downgrade to an older version. Please check out this
Bring back BackSpace Keyboard Shortcuts on nautilus and thunar


Sometimes the package management system (dpkg and/or apt) thinks that a package is installed and up-to-date, however some essential component has been manually removed. In that case, reinstalling the package usually fixes things - in this case

sudo apt-get install --reinstall gparted

From man apt-get:

   --reinstall
       Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest
       version. Configuration Item: APT::Get::ReInstall.


Time synchronization problem in two operating systems

Ubuntu uses GMT while Windows uses your local time-zone.

To fix this, you'll want to reboot into Windows, open start and type regedit, then tap enter. From there, navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation.

Next, if you don't see an entry that reads RealTimeIsUniversal, then add one by right-clicking > New > DWORD (32-bit) Value, then fill in the name RealTimeIsUniversal.

Now double-click the entry you just added, and replace the 0 with a 1.

Make sure the time is correct in Windows, then reboot.

I hope this helps!


This happens to me everyonce in a while. It's google resetting language preferences to Afrikaans (at least this is what is shown, the language displayed is not Afrikaans, I don't know if it's a language at all). You should try setting it back to english in the preferences menu (2nd item in top right corner).


When we reinstal a debian package, is that messy?

When a package is reinstalled, the files are overwritten. The installation is not "messy".
All files are installed at standard locations required for the package.
An easy way to see which files will be installed (overwritten) is by going to Ubuntu Packages Search:

Open https://packages.ubuntu.com/ in your web browser
Enter your package information, and click Search
On the next page select your package. (Example Package Search Results for VNC).
You will see a page listing information about your package. It will also list other packages that your package is dependent on. (Example package information for directvnc)
At the bottom, you will see links "[list of files]"
Once you click one of these links for your architecture, you will see a list of files and directories that will be updated if you install the package. (Example file list for the directvnc package). Note that this listing does not show files for other packages that your selected package depends on. To see those, you can click the Back button ins your browser and select the dependent packages.


Can't get packages after installing Faience

Try running sudo apt-get remove faience, or equivalently sudo apt-get remove -f. The fact that installing a package resulted in this situation is most likely a packaging problem that caused apt-get to abort during post-installation.


Is Hp 2545 Printer is compatible with ubuntu 14.04 LTS ?

You can check Linux compatibility of HP printer models here:

http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/supported_devices/index.html

The list of printer models that are fully supported by HPLIP (Hewlett-Packard Linux Imaging & Printing) Driver (which is readily available in official Ubuntu repositories) is also here:

http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/recommended.html


You simply need to just add the 3 servers into your rnspahsot.conf file. What I would do is this as an example:

# Server 1 backup
backup  user1@server1:/etc/ server1/

# Server 2 backup
backup  user2@server2:/etc/ server2/

# Server 3 backup
backup  user3@server3:/etc/ server3/

The above will backup the /etc directories on all 3 servers to your local rsnapshot backup server in their respective directories e.g. server1/ server2 and so forth. You can of course add many other directories such as /home /var/www and so on.

To answer your other question that depends on what you really need to achieve in regards to a disaster recovery. rsnapshot is really only backing up your directories and files on the server. I personally use it for data and configuration files at a point in time and then use other tools for major disasters such as VM backup imaging tools. I assume you are using virtual machines?


You should use sudo command, for example sudo nano, when you want to change something in /etc directory, because it is system directory. This is default security measure in Ubuntu.

Use

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

or

sudoedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

Also, you can check permissions of the file using ls -l:

$ ls -l /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
-r-------- 1 root root 1411 march 11 11:41 /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

In the above example file permissions are set not allowing for writing. Let's fix it:

$ sudo chmod u+w /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
$ ls -l /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
-rw------- 1 root root 1411 march 11 11:41 /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

However, it's just a dirty example of using chmod, because root does not need the w flag to be able to write to a file, he doesn't even need to be an owner.


My first impression is that Wine is a simulated Windows environment which uses free (and presumably open source) libraries as an alternative to Microsoft's proprietary libraries. Those libraries produce the same input and output, yet use alternative means to process the data. This would explain why there is very little performance hit.

Yes, that is exactly correct.

Most people assume it's an emulation layer but it's more of an interpreter, managing where Windows would normally provide resources and mapping that to Ubuntu. Of course there are situations where Ubuntu (and its drivers) don't or can't provide the same resources (like the various Direct3D pipelines) so in cases like those you can often see overhead from the translation process.

The biggest case of this is converting Direct3D into OpenGL. It's a process that is very sensitive to latency. This is undergoing huge work right at the moment (the "CSMT patches") to multi-thread the OpenGL translation and command streams. IMO it's getting close to native speed.

But if you're using a Windows OpenGL application, it's possible you'll see native-like performance.

The big outstanding issues in Wine come mostly from needing to reimplement libraries. For gamers this is mostly latest DirectX stuff (DX10 and 11 aren't implemented yet) but there are all sorts of applications that can exhibit strange corner-case bugs.


How to install Ubuntu on an HP Mini netbook?

On the HP mini 2133 you have to press F9 on boot to go to the boot device menu.
Here you can find information on how to create bootable USB media and install Ubuntu.
For Ubuntu 12.04 the guide is this. I hope it helps. Try it out and feel welcome to ask about any specific issues you might experience.


Cant have passworldess ssh between 2 ec2 servers - Permission denied (publickey)

ssh-add adds to the keys to SSH agent for authentication in connections opened from the server, not for connections to the server. So you'll have to do:

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

Further, the permission on ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub need not be 600, since it is the public key. It can be 644 without loss of security.


There may not be much hope with Join.me of a good cross-platform presentation solution.

For over a year Linux support has been the second-most-popular request on the official join.me Ideas Forum and there are over 1800 votes for the idea:

Make a version compatible with Linux/Ubuntu 12.04 – join.me forum and faq.

But join.me does not seem to even be willing to comment on the thread.

Alternatives

But there are many alternatives. According to comments there, WebEx, Mikogo and Yuuguu support presenting from Linux, and others mentioned are Tightvnc, BigBlueButton and TeamViewer.

Update: And of course now add to the list: Jitsi Meet, Zoom, Hangouts Meet, Skype, and many others which use standardized web technologies and are highly cross-platform.


Cannot save to secondary drives from Firefox in Ubuntu 18.04

I had this problem that neither Firefox nor Chrome would recognise additional drives in Ubuntu Bionic Beaver 18.04.  Interestingly in Xubuntu, Firefox would recognise other drives but Chrome would not. However I prefer Bionic Beaver and so I looked at other browsers. The only one I found which recognized other drives was Waterfox Web. Unfortunately this browser is too simple for my liking and lacking in features. Amazingly when I next tried Firefox, it recognized all additional drives but Chrome still wouldn’t. I’m no Linux programming expert but my guess is that Web must have provided the necessary links for Firefox. Try it and see; hope it works for you.