Ubuntu live (live-only or persistent live) is very portable as you know.

You write 'the "persist live" appears to reduce the USB Stick Lifetime'. It is true, but it is not as bad as it used to be with better quality of modern flash memory hardware. Furthermore, installed systems in a USB stick are also affected by excessive wear because of limited number of write cycles. I would even say that a persistent live system is less affected than an installed system (installed in the same USB stick), because it runs in RAM and only when saving new data, they are written to the casper-rw partition or file.
Links

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb

help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/persistent

Pendrive lifetime

Ubuntu can also be portable, when installed in a USB stick (installed like into an internal drive, but into a USB stick (or HDD or SSD connected via USB or eSATA). But it is not as portable as when running live.

You should avoid proprietary drivers, typically for advanced graphics chips/cards and some wifi chips/cards.

You have Nvidia graphics, and I guess that you have installed a proprietary driver to run well in the computer, where you created the installed system in the USB drive. This driver might (will probably) create problems in computers with other graphics chips/cards. Even if it is the same brand, nvidia, it might need another proprietary driver.

Sometimes you can get along with the free linux driver, nouveau, for nvidia graphics. But if it does not work in some of the computers, it will not be portable to those computers.
Link with detailed instructions how to create an installed system in an external drive (including tips to avoid excessive wear),

Boot Ubuntu from external drive.

I suggest that you try both a persistent live system (made with mkusb) and an installed system without proprietary drivers and after some testing you can
decide which system is best for you.


Problem with booting Windows 7 alongside Ubuntu 14.04


You do not really need to compile NGSpice from source.

It is available from official multiverse repository. To install do the following:

sudo add-apt-repository multiverse
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ngspice

If you need to compile it from source - enable Source code repositories in Software & Updates and then get build-dependencies:

sudo apt-get build-dep ngspice

and then continue the compilation process as you planned.


What does NetworkManager-wait-online.service do?

Some code runs off the network
In some multi-user environments part of the boot-up process can come from the network. For this case systemd defaults to waiting for the network to come on-line before certain steps are taken.
Majority of Desktop Users
Unlike some multi-user environments most Ubuntu desktop users have the Operating System and drivers on their hard disks, SSDs or Live Boot USBs.
There is a glitch where some users wait an extremely long time for network to come up during boot. In this case the recommendations is to set the maximum wait time to 30 seconds. A better way is to simply disable the service at boot time.
For many users 10 to 15 seconds can be sliced off the parallel boot time by using:
sudo systemctl disable NetworkManager-wait-online.service

After you sign on you will likely get a message bubble stating you've now been connected to the network (WiFi or Ethernet access to Internet).


Bash History: Default size should be 500 but getting 1000

If HISTSIZE environment variable is not set in any startup configuration file of bash, it will be set to 500. From man bash:

  The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup
  files.

The HISTFILESIZE follows HISTSIZE, if not set.

Now, you are getting the value of HISTSIZE as 500 because Ubuntu by default sets the HISTSIZE (and HISTFILESIZE) environment variables to the following values in your bash runtime configuration file (the file that will be source-d when a new interactive shell instance is started), ~/.bashrc:

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

To be sure, read the .bashrc skeleton file, /etc/skel/.bashrc; It is copied to each newly created user's bash runtime configuration file, ~/.bashrc.


Unable to mount Windows (NTFS) filesystem due to hibernation

Check out the solutions in that post^, the second one especially. It's read only, but its the only way to keep fastboot and access your windows drive.

Besides that, you could use windows to create a new partition which would be shared between both operating systems.


How to fix "ioctl(SIOCGIFINDEX) failed: No such device"?

when you try

root@Sphinx-PC:~#     airodump-ng mon0
Interface mon0:

you can't find interface mon0, instead interface wlp2s0
your wlan0 has become wlp2s0 as mon0

Try

airmon-ng start wlan0
airodump-ng  wlp2s0


hosting website my own PC "Ubuntu Server" DMZ

well after lots of error and trial i founded there is no need to set local dns binding
just had to bind my router PUBLIC IP as A record in bind9 settings! not my local ip settings
now im hosting my own website on my pc well till next router reset and getting new public IP
well since there were no help on this i hope someone find this useful
Cheers


In general, what you want here is:

Set up a single default gateway (with gateway4), on the interface that goes to the Internet. If you set default gateways on both, then half the packets will be routed to your Intranet and won't be able to reach their desintation.
If your Intranet has multiple subnets, then you need static routes to reach those through the interface connected to your Intranet. (One example might be routing any RFC1918 subnets to that interface, which would probably be a good idea.)

Now, in your specific example, you didn't describe your Intranet completely, but let's assume your Intranet is made of the 10.185.x.y network, in other words, 10.185.0.0/16.

Let's also assume your enp3s0 interface giving you access to the intranet will receive an IP in the 10.185.0.z subnet, in other words, 10.185.0.0/24 subnet, and that the gateway in that subnet is 10.185.0.1.

So you need a static route to reach the remaining of the 10.185.x.y subnets where x is not 0.

You can use a configuration such as the one below to set this up:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
        enp3s0:
            addresses: []
            dhcp4: true
            nameservers:
              addresses: [10.185.x.x, y.y.y.y]
            routes:
            - to: 10.185.0.0/16
              via: 10.185.0.1
  wifis:
        wlp2s0:
            addresses: []
            dhcp4: true
            optional: true
            gateway4: 192.168.8.1
            access-points:
                 "Wifi":
                    password: "password"
            nameservers:
              addresses: [8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]

In this edited configuration, notice that:

There is no gateway4 in enp3s0 configuration, since you don't want traffic to go to that interface by default, only when it's traffic destined to your Intranet, which is set up through the static route.
Conversely, the wlp2s0 doesn't need any static routes, since it has a default gateway attached to it, which is enough.
There's no need for routing tables and routing policies, all you need to do is set up a static route (or a few static routes) to cover the internal addresses in your Intranet and route them through the IP of the gateway in that network that can route you to the other subnets you're not directly connected to.

Please note that this setup actually depends on some of what your DHCP server in the internal network is provisioning for you, such as your interface being in the 10.185.0/24 network and that 10.185.0.1 is the gateway you can use in that interface... For that reason, perhaps a better setup would be to have the DHCP server in your Intranet push the static routes (instead of configuring them in netplan.) That way if the Intranet is reconfigured, perhaps to change the IP of the gateway, or perhaps extended to include other RFC1819 private ranges, only the DHCP server needs to be reconfigured and not everything else...

But if the DHCP server is out of your control, then this setup might be acceptable, assuming the internal network is not reconfigured too often so that the gateway IP would change. You might want to consider adding static routes to all the RFC1918 ranges, since those will be invalid in the Internet, so they might only be made valid in the Intranet:

routes:
- to: 10.0.0.0/8
  via: 10.185.0.1
- to: 172.16.0.0/12
  via: 10.185.0.1
- to: 192.168.0.0/16
  via: 10.185.0.1

I hope you find this helpful!


Debian and it's children, one of which is Ubuntu, use the RootSudo approach.  As such, since only root can mount drives, your command should be:

sudo mount -v /media/bakwas


One method to disable the touchpad, would be to write a simple script and run that script at startup.  To do this, you will need to know the name of your touchpad.  Open a terminal and run the command

xinput -list

The output on my computer is

chick@dad:~$ xinput -list
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=13   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Logitech M315/M235                        id=9    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ ELAN Touchscreen                          id=10   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Laptop_Integrated_Webcam_HD               id=11   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard              id=12   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Dell WMI hotkeys

and the name of my touchpad is SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad

The touchpad can be diabled by xinput --disable 'SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad', and re-enabled by xinput --enable 'SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad'

A simple script to run this command, for example

#!/bin/bash
xinput --disable 'SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad'

can now be written, and executed at startup or login
.  Good instructions on how to do that can be found at How to run scripts on start up?


You could replace your sed command with a simple awk command that swaps the field order

... | awk '{print $2,$1}'


Why am I unable to install python-gtk on my Ubuntu 16.04.1?

I don't know if this is your solution, but it has happen to me before when I copy paste a command into the terminal. Solution for me was to simply type it by myself.


Found the issue. Saw this in the log:

Apr 19 07:18:34 journal postfix/trivial-rewrite[16893]: warning: do not list domain journal.masked-domain.com in BOTH mydestination and virtual_mailbox_domains

This log entry is referring to this directive in the postfix/main.cf:

mydestination =

We never defined it previously but apparently the version of postfix shipped with 16.04 now assumes the local hostname for mydestination. In our case 'journal.masked-domain.com' is our hostname and the virtual domain we are trying to service. It worked fine under 12.04 adn 14.04 but won't work for 16.04. Since we only use the virtual mailboxes we added this line to our postfix/main.cf file:

mydestination = localhost

and BINGO it's working again!


Calibre ebook reader from the default Ubuntu repositories supports two types of Kobo ebook readers:

Kobo Vox and Kobo Aura HD
Kobo and Kobo Touch Readers

To access the below screen from Calibre, run the Calibre welcome wizard by selecting...
click downward black arrow next to Preferences ▾ -> select Run welcome wizard from the dropdown menu -> click through to the second screen of the Calibre welcome wizard.


while upgrading from ubuntu 14.04 to 14.10 the computer crashed and I had to reboot

I had this issue too. To resolve I did the following.

Boot up ubuntu until you have the "blue screen"
Go into a text console using the key combo < Ctrl>< Alt>F1. You should see a user/password prompt
Log into the text console with your user account
Ensure package list is updated: sudo apt-get update
I got a message at the end saying configuration of packages was interrupted earlier, instructing me to do the following:sudo dpkg --configure -a
Now to complete, ensure package installation complete (this step might be superfluous): sudo apt-get install -f
Now remove packages which are no longer required: sudo apt-get autoremove
Now reboot: sudo reboot

Result: blue screen gone and can log in again.


I can't get access to NTFS partition : This location could not be displayed

fix ntfs partition with this commandline app

sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g

and use it like this

ntfsfix /dev/hda6

its gonna fix problem

edit

for find you partition path use disk app like this

partition path


How do I open more than one Nautilus explorer when there is one already opened?

There are multiple ways to open more Nautilus windows:

Middle-click the Home Folder launcher icon
With a Nautilus window open, go to File > New Window (or get the option in the HUD)
With a Nautilus window open, use the Ctrl+N keyboard shortcut
Press Super+Shift+N (if it's one of the top 1 through 9 in the launcher)


WPA Enterprise (PEAP - MSCHAPv2) on Ubuntu 18.04

To try what I did first you need to add the Trusty repository on your machine. To do that you can simply copy and past these lines (that I taken directly from Ubuntu 14.04.6) to a new file on /etc/apt/source.list.d/trusty.list:

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main

then update apt

sudo apt update

Now you are able to downgrade the wpa_supplicant package

sudo apt install --allow-downgrades wpasupplicant=2.1-0ubuntu1.7

mark as hold the package to prevent it to upgrade

sudo apt-mark hold wpasupplicant

now you can reboot and try if your network works !

Please let me know if your network problems disappear or are still there !


According to Apache documentation

  The ScriptAlias directive has the same behavior as the Alias
  directive, except that in addition it marks the target directory as
  containing CGI scripts that will be processed by mod_cgi's cgi-script
  handler. URLs with a case-sensitive (%-decoded) path beginning with
  URL-path will be mapped to scripts beginning with the second argument,
  which is a full pathname in the local filesystem.

The ScriptAlias directive looks like:

   ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/

It means that if you Request URL http://mydomain/cgi-bin/myscript.py Apache tries to run /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/myscript.py

  The ScriptAlias directive tells Apache that a particular directory is
  set aside for CGI programs. Apache will assume that every file in this
  directory is a CGI program, and will attempt to execute it, when that
  particular resource is requested by a client.

ScriptAlias directive is in default apache2.conf configuration file and it works if mod_cgi is enabled and myscript.py is executable and return proper output.

If you have a different configuration, you should read: Apache Tutorial: Dynamic Content with CGI


Ubuntu 16.04 / Samba Network Share Disconnecting during Windows Server Backup

We discovered that it was an existing network issue.
Our way to get around this was to not use the network at all.
Instead we created an .img file with qemu-img create and used virsh attach-disk to link it to the VM.
Then it was just a matter of attaching the disk from the server side using powershell.
Mount it as a drive letter and then sharing using windows instead.

Just thought I would document that in case anyone was having the same issue.


sudo apt install --reinstall apache2 php libapache2-mod-php
sudo a2enmod php7.1
sudo apache2 reload
sudo apache2 restart

Check installed php version, if it different from 7.1 then modify 2nd line


A simple & quick note taking application that runs in tray?

I believe what you are looking for is something like a Sticky Note.

There are a few available you can try:

indicator-stickynotes
Sticky Notes: It is the default sticky note application for Gnome. It is an applet that you add on the panel and access it via a simple click on the panel icon.
KNotes: Knotes is the default sticky note app in Linux KDE desktop.
XPad

More Info: http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/5-little-useful-sticky-notes-app-for-linux/


Resize ext4 Partition to >2TB without data loss

Looks like your partitions are using the MBR table format, which has a 2 TB limit. If you convert to a GPT format, you can have larger partitions.

The good news is that you don't have to reformat/restore your drive to convert your drive from MBR to GPT. There is a tool called gdisk which can handle the conversion for you.

sgdisk is a non-interactive version of gdisk, and you can check whether the conversion is possible by first running sgisk -p /dev/sda (assuming sda is the device you want to resize). Then you can run the MBR -> GPT conversion by running sgdisk -g /dev/sda. See the above link for the sgdisk docs.

Backups are highly recommended, just in case.


How to display number of lines that are blank or contain these characters

It seems you're doing your homework today...

A solution:

grep -c "\([',]\|^$\)" filename

If by blank line you also want to include those that contain only spaces:

grep -c "\([',]\|^[[:space:]]*$\)" filename

The trick for apostrophes is to use double quotes, otherwise ''' will be an error. The construct \( regexp1 \| regexp2 \) will match all lines that match either regexp1 or regexp2. The regexp [',] matches all lines that contain either a quote ' or a coma ,.

Here you need to escape the parentheses () and the pipe | otherwise grep tries to find these characters, and don't consider them as regexp constructs. If you don't like escaping these, you can use the -E switch (for Extended regexps) or egrep directly as:

grep -cE "([',]|^$)" filename

or

egrep -c "([',]|^$)" filename

In your OP you mention the -x switch. It works to get empty lines... but will not work with your coma/quote requirement. So to match a blank line I'm using ^$ (^ is an anchor for the beginning of line and $ is an anchor for the end of line).

Hope this helps.


how to install latest version of nodejs in Ubuntu

You can try using Node Version Manager (NVM). You can find it on github here.

Briefly information to install nvm and node (see github repository for more information):

Install nvm:

wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.2/install.sh | bash

Update Ubuntu environment variables. This commands let you run nvm from any place inside your terminal:

export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"

[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && . "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"

Check nvm is installed:

nvm --version

Install latest version of node (version selected by default):

nvm install node

Check node version:

node -v

Note: if you aren't be able to open node the first time, try to close and reopen your shell.


I had to change the XDG references in xdg-user-dirs-update file

Answered at: https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+question/199558

file location: /home/username/.config/user-dirs.dirs

From

# This file is written by xdg-user-dirs-update
# If you want to change or add directories, just edit the line you're
# interested in. All local changes will be retained on the next run
# Format is XDG_xxx_DIR="$HOME/yyy", where yyy is a shell-escaped
# homedir-relative path, or XDG_xxx_DIR="/yyy", where /yyy is an
# absolute path. No other format is supported.
#
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/"

To

# This file is written by xdg-user-dirs-update
# If you want to change or add directories, just edit the line you're
# interested in. All local changes will be retained on the next run
# Format is XDG_xxx_DIR="$HOME/yyy", where yyy is a shell-escaped
# homedir-relative path, or XDG_xxx_DIR="/yyy", where /yyy is an
# absolute path. No other format is supported.
#
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"


This answer has the simplest approach that I've seen. Once you're done editing the mount options a star appears on the said entry.

Editing fstab is also a good option but it did lead to mounting just the first entry automatically and one needed to manually mount by running sudo mount -a. This did mount the partitions but it also leads to nautilus showing available space on each partition as that of the last entry in /etc/fstab.


Cannot control the fan on a Sony Vaio laptop

Try the very latest AMD graphics drivers:

In the download drivers section, select "Notebook Graphics/Radeon HD Series/MobilityRadeon HD 5xxxSeries//Linux X86"

Download the file and run it:

sh ati-driver-installer-11-6-x86.x86_64.run

aticonfig --initial -f

This should help the temperature of the graphics card and hopefully reduce the overall laptop fan noise.

source


Why does Google Chrome not show websites' correct fonts?

Have you tried looking under
Wrench>Settings>Under the Hood-tab>Web Content-Customize Fonts
There you should be able to customize your google chrome fonts


How can I install latest version of Cinnamon in Ubuntu?

Cinnamon available via apt/default Ubuntu repository is not latest one.
You have two options to install latest stable version of Cinnamon.
Note: This PPA does not have any packages for Ubuntu 20.04, and method 1) does not work.
1) Install latest version of cinnamon via below PPA
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:embrosyn/cinnamon
sudo apt update && sudo apt install cinnamon

If you want latest version than available via ppa, you can proceed for below option.
2) Compile and install Latest Cinnamon from source code
Install dependencies to compile Cinnamon.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install dpkg-dev

Get the latest source code for muffin and cinnamon github repositories.
git clone git://github.com/linuxmint/muffin.git
git clone git://github.com/linuxmint/Cinnamon.git

Compile and install the latest build of muffin.
cd muffin
sudo dpkg-buildpackage -d

It will take few minutes to compile source code and create debian packages. You will be able to see following packages placed after successful build where your repo was cloned. Go one dir back.
cd ../
Below is output after I compiled source code.
gir1.2-meta-muffin-0.0_4.6.2_amd64.deb
muffin-common_4.6.2_all.deb
libmuffin0_4.6.2_amd64.deb
muffin-dbg_4.6.2_amd64.deb
muffin_4.6.2_amd64.deb
muffin-doc_4.6.2_all.deb

Install latest muffin.
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Compile and install latest stable Cinnamon by below command.
cd Cinnamon
sudo ./autogen.sh
sudo dpkg-buildpackage -d

Go one directory back. You will be able to find following latest cinnamon packages.
cd ../
Below is output I got after compiling source code.
cinnamon-dbg_4.6.6_amd64.deb
cinnamon_4.6.6_amd64.deb
cinnamon-doc_4.6.6_all.deb
cinnamon-common_4.6.6_all.deb

Install latest Cinnamon packages.
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Check Cinnamon version.
cinnamon --version

Below is example output after installation of latest Cinnamon available as of now.
kk@kk-focal:~$ cinnamon --version
Cinnamon 4.6.6


You can test your speakers in sound preferences:

Regarding sound issues the Ubuntu Wiki has a SoundTroubleshootingProcedure that checks in detail any issues regarding sound.


sudo service apache2 stop no longer works?

I don't use the convenience LAMPP / XAMPP packages; I just installed apache2, mysql, etc, normally.  That said, for me, sudo service apache2 restart works.


19.10 How to show mounted volumes on the desktop?

In Ubuntu 19.10, which now uses a Gnome shell extension to provide icons on the desktop, it is not (yet?) possible to display mounted volumes on the desktop.

If a workflow with mounted volumes on the desktop is critical to you, you may need to consider moving to a desktop environment that still supports that (KDE desktop on Kubuntu, XFCE on Xubuntu, Cinnamon desktop...).

Alternatively, it is technically possible to replace nautilus file manager by another file manager that can provide icons of the desktop, but then you venture on your own.


Ubuntu 12.04 does not suspend with proprietary driver for Radeon 6800

I think the problem is the instructions you used specifically this line

  sudo sh ./amd-driver-installer-12-4-x86.x86_64.run --buildpkg
  Ubuntu/oneiric

You state you are running 12.04 Precise but the instructions you used are for oneiric Ubuntu 11.10.

Please review the accepted answer to this question for the correct method to install catalyst on 12.04.  You may need to purge some of your install before proceeding.


Vpn connection problem with ubuntu 14.04

I also use Ubuntu 14.04 and I have the same problem

You can simply use the openvpn command in terminal.

For example :

sudo openvpn --config /path/to/your/config.ovpn

If your keys and certificates are not integrated to the config file but are in separated files (ta.key, ca.crt etc ...), make sure that you have not link's problem. If you don't want to modify your links in the config.ovpn, just :

cd /path/to/the/config/folder
sudo --config config.ovpn

You can launch this command in background and kill the process when you want to stop the VPN. For the moment that's what I do until an update is done.


sudo apt-get remove bcmwl-kernel-source

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source

sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

As I found, following these instructions and giving the machine a restart fixes the wireless adapter. DON'T go installing the Broadcom proprietary drivers through System Settings, Additional Drivers, or you'll just reset the whole lot back to the non-working ones!


Launching mpv from a .desktop entry with the clipboard as argument

A pipeline is a shell feature, and .desktop launching does not involve a shell. You can use something like:

Exec=sh -c 'xclip -o | xargs mpv'

Or (depending on what's in the clipboard):

Exec=sh -c 'mpv "$(xclip -o)"'

Or put the command in an executable script file somewhere and use Exec=/path/to/script.


Vundle - Plugins installed but not loading

Your plugins may be loaded, but just not have a visible effect by default.

For example, the line

Plugin 'bling/vim-airline'

loads the vim-airline plugin, but you will not see the fancy status line until the status line is shown for some reason. (The bottom line in your screenshot is not the status line.)
The status line get's shown if there is a split window, or if the laststatus option is set to show it allways.

Try adding this line to your .vimrc to show the status line by default.

set laststatus=2

(According to the comments, this solved the OP's issue)

If you made sure you configured your plugins to actually have some visible effect, and still think it's not loaded, use the following command to list all script files that have been loaded in the current instance of vim:

:scriptnames

That shows a long list of files. If a plugin is loaded, you will see one or more files with names related to the plugin's name.


Minecraft crashes after a few minutes, freezes computer

I found the problem, sort of. I looked at system monitor and a terminal while I played, and at crash, java was reporting that it ran out of memory. The ram had also just filled up when this happened. I solved it by adding Swap space, which I did not have before. After that the game has not crashed, and looking at system monitor, when ram fills, swap is used. Hope this helps someone.


1) Find and replace can be done by the shortcut Alt + %,
(in most of the keyboard layouts you will have to do Alt + Shift + 5)

2) Enter your search string and then [ret]followed by the  string you want to replace your search string with and again [ret].

3) You can press y to replace a given instance of the search string or press n to keep it as it is, you can also press ! to replace all the occurrences of the search string (Shift + 1).

There are various other options available after step 2 which can be viewd by pressing the ? key (Shift + /).


How to permanently set environmental variables PATH and M2_HOME in ubuntu for maven3?

Update: Eliah pointed out to me that if you are not dynamically building your environment variables, you should store them in /etc/environment. To set M2_HOME and add the bin directory to your PATH, you would modify your /etc/environment as follows. Make sure that you don't just copy/paste, because your /etc/environment file might have a different PATH variable than mine does.

M2_HOME="/home/gaurav/Java/maven3"
PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/home/gaurav/Java/maven3/bin"

Alternative (not as recommended) method:
Like Mitch said, you'll need to edit a configuration file to permanently change your PATH. I chose to edit my /etc/profile configuration file, because it applies system-wide. To edit this file, run sudo nano /etc/profile Here's the relevant excerpt from my configuration file:

# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1))
# and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1), ...).

JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-oracle/
export JAVA_HOME

M2_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven/apache-maven-3.0.4
export M2_HOME
M2=$M2_HOME/bin
export M2

PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME
PATH=$PATH:$M2
export PATH


You are right to be concerned. 83 degrees C is far more than high enough to prevent the function of the CD/DVD/BD drive and damage other hardware.  If your computer is out of warranty I strongly recommend you download the repair manual for the EliteBook 8440p directly from HP (you can call them and ask them to email you a link to the manual [which is on their webpage]) and use it to dismantle the entire case, clear/clean the copper cooling components where they pass air out of the case to the outside and if you have a static strap and a safe work area where you can remove the heatsink, then the poor thermal grease which HP applies and use Arctic MX-4 thermal grease (it has one of the highest thermal conductivity [W/mK] rates of any thermal grease) which will allow your hardware to run cooler than it did when the computer was brand new. I did exactly this to my HP HDX18t and it reduced the standard running temperatures by 40 degrees F (nearly 5 degrees C) and the heavy use temperatures have never reached over 155 degrees F [68 degrees C] with extremely heavy use (trying to push it to it's absolute limits) outdoors in the sun on a 90 degree F day (32.3 degrees C).  As for Firefox causing such an extreme problem with your computer I would recommend re-installing it to ensure it is correctly downloaded and installed sudo apt-get install --reinstall firefox as it sounds (from your description) as though Firefox may be part of the problem.


That doesn't sound anything like a S1/S3 suspend... But you have a few options to help with power consumption:

Just optimise the running system by playing around with tools like powertop. This is likely only going to make a difference of a few Watts, if that.
Investigate Wake On Lan. This means you'll have to ping the computer to wake it up before you can use it, and you might be able to script it to make it work seamlessly, but more often than not it makes it slightly harder to use.
Move your media to a lower-powered NAS and just shut your computer down (or do a proper suspend). Costs more initially but if your computer is a beasty, it'll cut down on the bills.


Validity Fingerprint Sensor not detected

This tutorial is for validity fingerprint reader VF3000 found in Dell Vostro series laptops but might help you. http://www.tuxtrix.com/2012/05/how-to-activate-validity-fingerprint.html

Steps from above link

Before you install this, please remove the fingerprint-gui ppa

sudo ppa-purge  ppa:fingerprint/fingerprint-gui

This has only been tested on amd64 system. We are awaiting packages for 32bit systems
The program is still under development, so expect a few crashes and error reports

To install the driver for the fingerprint reader, follow the instructions below:

Add this PPA to your sources:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fingerprint/fprint
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Download the libfprint package and Install the software packages:

 sudo apt-get install libfprint0 fprint-demo libpam-fprintd gksu-polkit
 sudo dpkg -i libfprint0_0.4.0+git20120202-0ppa1~precise2_amd64.deb`

Log out and then log back in
Open "Users and Accounts" and then click fingerprint to register your fingerprint. See the screenshots below on how to register your fingerprint.

The main launchpad page for this project is here


From some googling (see here) I understand that if one of the directories in the @INC path is inaccessible, the search for Config.pm (or any module) is abandoned. So check whether any of the directories is not readable by "all".Strangely enough, a non-existent directory name in the @INC path is no problem.


Reading Windows 8.1 files from the Ubuntu 14.04?

You clearly need to disable "hibernation/fast boot" in windows 8. Here are the steps I can suggest:

boot into windows.
open the terminal/cmd.
run the following command in the windows terminal: powercfg /h off
reboot windows.
make sure hiberfil.sys is gone!
now boot into ubuntu.
mount the windows partition.

hth!


How do I show the menubar items even without mouse over?

System Settings > Appearance > Behavior

Under Show the menus for a window select In the window's title bar


Once you are in the main page of the PPA containing your package (ex: https://launchpad.net/~bsantos/+archive/ppa) click on "View package details" on the right, then click on the package you need, then click on one of the "Available diffs", and you'll obtain what I provided in my comment.


Why does Network Manager status show a question mark “?”?

This status of Question Mark “?” Sign or a “?” indicator in the Network Manager Applet despite the network status connected “is not an error in Network Manager” you need to change the settings of connectivity checking to OFF

How to get rid of that “?” Status in the nm-applet is goto

Goto to -------- Settings/Privacy/Connectivity Checking – and Switch it off.


To search into a Xournal file, you can change its suffix from xoj to gz, then gunzip it. This produces a text (xml) file, that you can search.


How to update LibreOffice to the latest version?

By installing Ubuntu you will have realised that you do not only get an OS but also preinstalled software like LibreOffice. Most other Open Source software is also available through the Software Center in case it is not installed already.

This has the following advantages for you

you have free access to Software tested to run.
security updates will instantaneously be provided not only for the OS but also for your software.
when upgrading to a new release of Ubuntu all your software will also be upgraded.

New software versions need testing for compatibility with Ubuntu. Therefore new program versions will not appear until the next release of Ubuntu. This will be every 6 months. So what you usually do is to just wait until the next release to see that all of your software will be upgraded as well without you having to do anything further.

Only very rarely there is a need for an interim software upgrade (e.g. your program gets new features that you can't wait for or has a bug that is not a security issue).

In case you are new to Ubuntu I recommend to not upgrade software from other sources than the official repositories in the Software Center until you are familiar with the way we do it here. Even later it is always wise to wait with upgrades until it is clear they have no bugs and will perform nice. If you follow this advice you will be rewarded with a fairly stable system (that however may not always have all brand new features included yet).

LibreOffice 3.5.x will be included in the next release of Ubuntu 12.04 that comes to you in April 2012.

You are most welcome to install untested or beta software to help finding bugs and thus contribute to make Ubuntu better. This is very easy to do - but it will always be at the cost of stability.


I can't install anything from software center

The first thing I would try is to update software center. Try sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade gnome-software and see if that fixes it. I believe there was a version of gnome-software that is shipped with Ubuntu that would cause it not to start (this was fixed in a update).


MOTD displaying content of /etc/motd generated at boot / previous login

This behaviour is configured in /etc/pam.d/sshd:

session    optional     pam_motd.so  motd=/run/motd.dynamic noupdate

Try to remove "noupdate" keyword.

As described in http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man8/pam_motd.8.html - it means..

  Don't run the scripts in /etc/update-motd.d to refresh the motd file.


how to create a iso installation of current ubuntu server?

can't you just duplicate the VM?

I usually separate the /home, /var and data partitions. you could do a vanilla installation and copy the /etc hierarchy over.

Another way to go is to use dd_rescue to create an image you can later dump to another machine VM.


Download "JDBC Driver for MySQL (Connector/J)" from https://www.mysql.com/products/connector/
You can select the desired Ubuntu version there.
Then you install this .DEB file as follows:
sudo apt install mysql-connector-java_8.0.25-1ubuntu20.04_all.deb


I just noticed I Installed 64-bit system by mistake


Bcm 4313 issue with Asus 1015e, Brcmsmac, Ubuntu 13.04

Try to restore bios to factory settings. This is what worked for me on two of my netbooks.


ubuntu 13.04 is there a way to make steremix same as windows?

Here is how I do it on my system:

Install pavucontrol with sudo apt-get install pavucontrol. Then start it with pavucontrol or find PulseAudio Volume Control in the menu.

Go to the Input Devices tab and on the bottom of it select Show: All Input Devices on the dropdown list.

Then click the tick with the tooltip Set as fallback next to the monitor output of your sound card. This should make this source as the default source and now Skype will use that input device to record. I'm not sure if Skype will register this while you are in call though.


Ubuntu 18.04 DNS resolution fails after a while

There is a known bug with resolved stub service, see https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/10298
The workaround I found was to change the symlink for /etc/resolv.conf to point to
/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf
It seems to be a problem that affects static routes.  I didn't have the problem when using DHCP.


How can I completely remove wireless drivers?

There is a help page that explains all the details of making this wireless chip work on different Ubuntu releases.


How do i mount my internal hard disk when in "Try Ubuntu" mode?

Open nautilus (File Manager), If you can see your partitions there just click on them and they will be mounted. They will be listed as 44 GB Drive, 70 GB Drive etc. Its better if you label up every drive.

If you want them to be auto mounted at startup you have to edit /etc/fstab. Search about fstab on Google.


How to configure a fast system with Ubuntu installed on a workstation for scientific computing

Assuming you may need virtualization in some way look at Proxmox as it is a terrific VM management, provisioning, and orchestration system.   Proxmox supports user mgmt, network mgmt and cluster mgmt as well and there are both strong developer & user communities.

BTRFS or ZFS will give you snapshot/restore capabilities.  Each has its own Plus/Minuses.   BTRFS works great for my servers.. just don't use its Raid5 capability as its broken.  I use BTRFS Raid10.

Backups for such a large group of users & serious work should not be in the same physical machine.

Develop a security policy for users & network protection also.


Apache is still writing into the deleted file which isn't really deleted until Apache is stopped.

To restart Apache you need to be root:

sudo service apache restart


You can use the motion package to take pictures of moving objects seen by your webcam.

motion - V4L capture program supporting motion detection

Start motion as you leave your computer.

There is no way to get the login program to "do something" on single password failures.


How to download the iso file of ubuntu in command line?

wget "http://web address for direct download of the iso"

Example : wget http://releases.ubuntu.com/14.04/ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso


Optimal Disk Partition Scheme for Normal User

You haven't said if you're talking about Ubuntu Server (with a specific function in mind), or Ubuntu Desktop.
For Ubuntu Desktop, I wouldn't go beyond having a / and /home partition(s).
For server installations, generally the same will apply, depending on your end-use case.  The directories /opt, /var/, /boot/ & /tmp/ are generally not needed, and I'd suggest avoiding the complexity (especially when learning).
I would have all LVM, or none LVM, and I'd suggest starting without LVM.
You'll likely want to start again (either because of a mistake, or just to see how you can fix experiments easily via re-install, esp. if desktop).
Having a simple & easy setup, allows you to re-install easily & get back to operation if you make a mistake (in ~15 minutes via re-install, it can take longer with more potential for more mistakes with a more complex layout).
Everyone makes mistakes, but knowing you can re-construct your system easily & quickly allows you to feel comfortable & try things, as you know you can pick up the pieces, plus we often learn more through mistakes.
Keep it simple / KISS
a single / is simplest yes, but I'd still suggest separate /home


Slow boot on newly installed Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS

Try to disable snap, gpu-manager.service. These services take much time. If you can determine which service is the bad guy, you can work on that particular service and find a reason why.


How can I get LightDM to work on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64-bit?

Boot into recovery mode, selected "network" then "root" and run the following command:

# chown -R your_username:your_username /home/your_username

Upon rebooting, access to desktop should be reestablished.


Sleep button not following dconf settings -- Ubuntu 18.04

I found a solution.

    $ sudo nano /etc/acpi/events/power

Then add the following lines:

    event=button/suspend
    action=/sbin/hibernate

The action may not work for all users, depending on whether /sbin/hibernate works on its own.  You may need to replace it with another hibernate command like pm-hibernate.


How to add Nitrotasks to startup applications in Ubuntu 12.10?

To add an application to start-up applications, just type start in Dash, and click on Startup Applications.

Once you click on it, and the new window opens, click on add to add you desired application.

A window will open asking for the apps info.  Once you're done filling out all the information, click on Add, and you're done.


Port 25 is, as your post already says, SMTP. This means there is a mailserver installed and listening to requests on your port 25. This is quite unusual on a desktop computer, propably happened accidentaly while installing another program that sends emails.

Port 631 is the port for CUPS, the printer driver software. This is quite usual as it comes with the default installation. If you configure your computer for sharing printers, port 631 will always be open to the other computers, so they can use the printer.

If you want to find out, which exact program is responsible for an open port, type:

sudo fuser -v 25/tcp

replacing 25 in the example with your desired port. This should tell you which program is running.

From then on, you have several possibilities. First, you can just uninstall the corresponding program, in this case the mailserver that's running. Second, if you want to keep the program, you could try just stopping the service, like so:

sudo stop exim4

Please note that YMMV here, as different programs use different filenames for their services and could be started in a totally different way.

Also, please note that scanning your computer from itself will reveal ports that are open only on localhost. Those are closed to the outside but need to be open to localhost, like Cups. This does not pose a security risk.


White space on the left of the desktop in Lubuntu

Looks like you have created a new panel. Right click in the white space and see if you can select "Delete this panel".


Keep apt install from autoremoving packages?

Try marking "on hold" the package(s) you do not want to be removed:

sudo apt-mark hold ros-kinetic-desktop-full

Then install python3-rospkg.


How to install the latest IPython notebook in Ubuntu 12.04?

Found it. Here's how:

sudo pip install --upgrade ipython[all]

It then complains about missing jinja2.

sudo pip install jinja2


CHMOD and how the permissions thing works?

Can I create more than 1 group and assign different permissions to
each one of them?

Yes, you can. But you'll have to use ACLs instead of the basic permission scheme. This way, you can assign different types of permissions to multiple users and groups.

How can I create a directory and make permissions so only the creator (user) will be able to modify it but the rest will be able to browse but not modify it?

By executing chmod 0755 folder. Note that users can still modify files if they have the permission on a per-file basis (rename and deletion of files is not possible though).

What does execute permission on a directory signify?

The execute bit applied to a directory allows you to enter the given directory. You will also need the read bit to list the content of the directory.


rsync log file gets corrupted when using nano editor or mail ( postfix ) command

Issue solved, I removed --progress option from rsync command, that option cannot be included in the log without messing up the whole file. Thanks everyone for helping me find the solution.


I've checked out atftpd source code, and find out that working line for /etc/default/atftpd is

USE_INETD=false
OPTIONS="--tftpd-timeout 300 --retry-timeout 5 --port=69 --maxthread 100 --verbose=5 /srv/tftp"

You need to specify port to fool atftpd. So now tftp server is available from all  network interfaces.


I think your issue is caused by the improper use of ’.

You should use ' ('s/dst_/dst_addr_/g;') in your command.

perl -pi -e 's/dst_/dst_addr_/g' *.tcl

should replace all the occurance of dst_ with dst_addr_ in all .tcl files.

Hope this helps


What resources should I use to learn to develop apps for Ubuntu?

I first learned PyGTK using the official tutorial, the examples are quite simple and get complex progressively. I believe it is a nice start to understand the GTK way of writing apps (signals, boxes, widgets and so on).

That is a GTK 2 material, so you might want to take a look at another tutorial about writing GTK3 apps using Python. Glade integration is also covered.

I'd also recommend understanding how (Py)GTK works before going deep into Glade.


Check if a screen is active and then display countdown

Do you want to do some countdown, while screen is active? If so, you could change your if and for with while loop, like this:

while (screen -list backup|grep -q backup); do
    # delay
    sleep 1

    # display another dot
    echo -n .
done

This displays a dot every second until your screen session terminates.
As for countdown, how would you even know proper starting time (how many seconds to count)?

As alternate, if you want repeating animation of 3 dots:

# init counter
i=0;
while (screen -list backup|grep -q backup); do
    # delay
    sleep 1

    # display dot
    echo -n "."

    # increase conter
    i=$((i+1))

    # on every 3rd loop...
    if [ $i -gt 3 ]; then
        # ...reset counter...
        i=0

        # ...and clear current line and return the cursor
        echo -en "\r\e[K"
    fi
done


X11 configs and rendering glitches Ubuntu (Desktop) 20.04

As suggested above, I will try to summarize my investigations into this problem as a standalone answer.
The above mentioned problems appear to be rendering issues stemming from the "Driver" part of the Device section included in the xbacklight fix to the xorg.conf file.
From the xorg log files (if I understood them directly) I gathered that instead of the "intel" driver option that is needed in the above fix to get xbacklight to recognize the display my system natively loads the "modesetting" driver option. Setting the above xorg.conf changes to "modesetting" solves the rendering issues (which are probably caused by old/unstable drivers that are called by the "intel" option), but breaks the xbacklight fix. I did not try updating my intel drivers, but I would assume this to fix the problems.
A workaround is to use brightnessctl instead of xbacklight. Install it through sudo apt install brightnessctl and then reboot. If it is not working, try installing the needed udev rule through brightness-udev (sudo apt install brightness-udev) and rebooting.


To obtain the access rights (and other information) on a directory (folder) using ls you will need to add both the -l and -d (--directory) options:

ls -ld Dog

Explanation, from man ls:

-d, --directory
       list directories themselves, not their contents

So if you omit the -d, then ls will report information about the directory's contents: in the case of an empty directory, the result will be something like

$ ls -l Dog
total 0

To get only the access rights, use stat rather than ls - either

stat -c %A Dog

for human-readable permissions, or

stat -c %a Dog

for an octal representation.


Powerpoint compatibility in ubuntu and windows

You probably made the file in LibreOffice Impress which can potentially save in a format that Office Powerpoint does not like(e.x. odp,otp). Check the file extension, it should be something like .ppt or .pptx. Just save in the proper format and you should be fine. You can cahnge the format when using File -> Save As. Select ppt in the dropdown list.


Extending RAID-1 with two more disk (RAID-1 => RAID 1+0)

The Royal way:

Yes, of course, your could move all your install without loosing any data!!!

If all your disk has same size, there is a very quiet way:

build a new degraded Raid-10 array with 2 of 4 disks
copy all your installation on this new array (may be partitionned by using LVM)
correct /etc for ensuring boot (there are some stuff to do)
change the boot sector only on new disk! (At this time, your installation is not modified at all!!!)
Reboot your pc and change boot order to boot on new degraded Raid-10
If everything work you could now

mount old raid 1 and check/verify your copy (diff)
destroy your raid 1
hot add your two old disks to your new raid 10.

If you answer to my first comments, I will post detailled commands to do this...

... maybe, later.

Take a look at: Convert RAID 1 to RAID 10 in mdadm


XAMPP works great on Windows. Heck, even for Linux, as it provides a consistent "packed" experience. Comes with everything, without the need to set up anything. Great for dev purpose, I suppose.

But on Ubuntu you can install LAMP pretty easily, and it's the "same thing", really.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ApacheMySQLPHP

(Except you have to keep Lampp up-to-date by yourself, and Ubuntu provides patches / updates for their own LAMP stack.)

Short version: Stick to the Ubuntu LAMP.


optimise data transfer speed from an external USB 3.0 docking?

You should remember that the data is transferred to the destination,
  only as fast it is being read off the source.

  USB 2.0 has a maximum theoretical speed limit of 60 MB/s. Actually, it
  is only today, 8 years after the launch of USB 2, that USB 2 devices
  are able to fully exploit this speed.  Most of the USB 2 devices today
  max out at 30-35 MB/s. The reason for this, the read-write speeds of
  devices bottlenecks the transfer process.

  Of course USB 3.0 isn't all about speed. The new bus specification is
  also intended to accommodate the next generation of power hungry
  devices, gadgets and drives.

  So for USB 3, don't expect speeds of 400 MB/s plus; even though the
  data could be transferred at that rate, it cannot be read off the
  source HDD or written to the external drive at the same rate. Now if
  you were to hook up a superfast SSD to the dock, & also had a similar
  speed SSD in your system, then the transfer process would be
  definitely faster, since both drives could read & write lighteningly
  fast. So it is more likely that the transfers you are doing are
  bottlenecked by the storage drives, in particularl, their sequential
  read/write speeds; not due to the fault of USB 3.

Source: tomshardware


Use e1000 on Ubuntu. Neither vmxnet3 or e1000e are fully supported or work well with NAT*

(*)at least for OP


How do I move around applications and bundle them in Ubuntu 18.04 application window?

Try menulibre, a GUI menu editor available in Synaptic.  Its description says:

"An advanced menu editor that provides modern features in a clean, easy-to-use interface. All without GNOME dependencies, so even lightweight systems can benefit from the sanity that MenuLibre offers. MenuLibre is your one-stop shop for menus in Linux, whether you use GNOME, LXDE, Xfce, or Unity."

I use it and find it mostly effective, altho it seems to have some issues- for example, I'm not able to edit anything in the "other" directory.

I understand it's possible to edit the menu entries directly using .desktop files but I have not yet invested the time to figure that out - maybe somebody else will fill that in.


How to install the Boot-Repair tool in an Ubuntu live disc?

Insert or connect the Ubuntu live media (DVD or USB).
Find out how to boot your computer from removable media.

Note that there is a difference between booting of older computers (BIOS/MBR) and newer ones designed for Windows 8 and later releases (UEFI/GPT).

Reboot the computer from live media and choose Try Ubuntu when asked.

Connect to the internet, then open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+t, paste the following commands and run them by pressing Enter:

sudo apt install software-properties-common; \
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) universe"; \
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair; \
sudo apt-get update; \
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

  Note: You copy and run them all at once. If you want to run them individually just remove the trailing "; \".

That's it, the Boot-Repair window will appear!

Related:

What is a terminal and how do I open and use it?


Install Everpad on Ubuntu 13.10 and 14.04

The PPA has been updated now and you can install it on Saucy with these commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nvbn-rm/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install everpad


installing ubuntu on acer laptop without hard drive

You have to have a spot to install the system. A flash drive only works as a temp system. Loads itself into memory when using and as memory is volatile when you shut down it is wiped. Sounds like your hard drive has failed.


Can I create a separate /home partition with a guided option during installation?

No - the guided options will not let you create (or recover) a separate /home. Both of these tasks have to be done through the "Manual" method (so you can choose to mount, but not format /home next time).
YMMV and assuming a modern disk, Set up at least 3 partitions (use an extended partition):

swap I recommend 3x RAM
/    I use 32G 44% full (if I have it)
/home the remainder.


Windows file system looks dirty to Ubuntu. This is because Windows uses a hibernation file to save the system state.

You'll need to do this in Windows:

open the Power control panel
click on change what the power buttons do
click on change options that are unavailable
uncheck fast start
close the Power control panel
open an administrative command prompt window
type powercfg /h off (turns off hibernation)
type chkdsk /f c: (change c: to the correct drive letter, if required)
approve that chkdsk runs at next boot time
reboot Windows

Now you should be able to boot Ubuntu, and attach the drive successfully.


I agree with @CharlesGreen. TB is now 31.1 on stock 14.04; unless you really need really badly NOW one of the updates, I would really advise to wait.

Anyway, your answer: after adding the PPA the packages will be updated with the PPA ones; no need to remove and reinstall. Just update and upgrade as per the PPA instruction and you have your package updated (and tracking the PPA from now on).

Going back is not so easy, though --- especially if the PPA start pulling dependencies and touching the configuration files. Sometime is plainly impossible... And depending on the PPA, then you can have problems in upgrading the system to a new version.

Said so, I use PPAs too --- but you have to be very selective and use them only if you really need the newer packages.

You can find a lot of info here: What are PPAs and how do I use them? and here: How can PPAs be removed?


Epson Stylus Photo RX620 printer not working after upgrade to 20.04

lpinfo -v gives you a URI.

usb://EPSON/Stylus%20Photo%20RX620?serial=L70040503081448370&interface=1

lpinfo -m | grep RX620 will give you a PPD. Substitute for the URI and the PPD in
lpadmin -p rx620 -v URI -E -m PPD
Test printing with lp -d rx620 /etc/nsswitch.conf.
Ok now?


"Compiler crashed with code: 1." Trouble compiling MonoDevelop 4

I solved my problem on my own. I uninstalled mono through Software Center and compiled/installed the latest version (3.0.12) manually. But then I had to compile gtk-sharp and gnome-sharp (using their sources) and then MonoDevelop. I also need to warn you that during this process I lost my sound!


I have difficulties with regex to pull certain information from a data file


why can not I change the permission and ownership of files in mount hard disk?

Because NTFS is a Windows filesystem and it does NOT use Linux permissions.

You set the permissions for NTFS during mounting.

To set permissions on a ntfs partition use uid, gid, umask during mounting. See the NTFS section in man mount.


WARNING:dpkg:Files list file missing for packages

I logged out of my account from GUI and used Ctrl+Alt+F3 to open tty3.
After, I logged into my account from terminal and used sudo -i to use the root account. I then used apt reinstall grub-pc grub-efi-amd64-signed libpam-systemd:amd64 xserver-xorg-legacy to reinstall the software.
This solved the problem.


Chrome and Chromium both frequently freezing on a fresh Ubuntu Gnome 13.10 install

Run this in your terminal.

echo on | sudo tee /sys/class/net/eth0/device/power/control

This should definitely solve most network-related problem...after its done, exit sudo and pull the ethernet cable or disconnect from any network you are connected to, then logout, and then login and connect. All your browsers should be working, and you wont face any network disconnections.


What's Ubuntu package for virtualgl-libs

The package virtualgl doesnt exists. Bumblebee stable ppa contains it.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install virtualgl


Cannot boot off of USB on ASUS EEE PC 701

You can try to use the netboot approach. Check out the caveat here https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EeePC/Fixes#Installing_Ubuntu_via_PXE. 14.04 might still be affected. The netboot guide is on another community doc https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/Netboot


wget stuck in the middle of mirroring a webpage

Just run the command again. wget is clever enough to continue the download. However, you must specify correct options.

For example, remove the -nc option if you want to re-download changed files (see also Skip download if files exist in wget?):

-nc
--no-clobber

  (…) When -nc is specified, (…) Wget will refuse to download newer copies of file.  Therefore, ""no-clobber"" is actually a misnomer in this mode---it's not clobbering that's prevented (as the numeric suffixes were already preventing clobbering), but rather the multiple version saving that's prevented.

  When running Wget with -r or -p, but without -N, -nd, or -nc, re-downloading a file will result in the new copy simply overwriting the old.  Adding -nc will prevent this behavior, instead causing the original version to be preserved and any newer copies on the server to be ignored.

If the download was interrupted during downloading a large file, you might want to add the -c option:

-c
--continue

  Continue getting a partially-downloaded file.  This is useful when you want to finish
             up a download started by a previous instance of Wget, or by another program.

Source of quotes: man wget

You should also consider using screen or tmux instead of disown to be able to check the status and output of your background processes.


Dell Vostro screen flickering with pink color

Its most likely to be hardware related and one of the following

The cable from videocard to screen which passes through the laptop hinge is faulty (damaged by repeated opening/closing of the screen) or loose.Close the screen to about 1cm and try to look at the screen,opening 1cm at a time until it gets back to the maximum screen opening.If the flicking stops at any position, it is probably an internal cable problem.
The videocard could be faulty.This model seems to have HDMI and VGA out.Try attaching it to an external display and see if the flickering is present.
The screen itself is faulty, since the flickering is pink and not white/dark it could be a circuit board attached to the screen rather than the backlight tube.


Wordpress file that you linked to unfortunately will not help you. That is for recovering files that were saved on an encrypted partition. Based on your description of events, your files were saved before the drive was encrypted.

Re Question 1:

As for your first question, I can't really help much here. The wording of your description of the two boots is a bit confusing. That being said, I don't think this point is going to matter much because it sounds like the difference is in trying to mount the encrypted partition which doesn't apply to the kind of recovery you're trying to perform.

Re Question 2:

Yes, testdisk can save on any other device. When you attempt to copy the files from test disk, it will ask you where you want to save the files. Use the .. option to navigate to the root (/) directory. From there, navigate to '/media/ubuntu/YOUR-DRIVE-LABEL-OR-UUID' as the directory to save to (the ubuntu portion of that path will be the name of the user account you're running).

Re Question 3:

Don't attempt to mount the encrypted partition. Your best bet is to use testdisk to attempt to recover the actual partitions that were erased when the disk was encrypted. If the system started writing random data to the encrypted partition, you're probably going to be out of luck.

If the system did not attempt to fill the encrypted partition with random data, you might be able to recover the partitions if testdisk can find any information about the partition structure on the disk. Run testdisk and choose your disk, then

select [Intel  ] ...
select [ Analyse  ] ...
select [Quick Search]
If that finds your partitions that were deleted, restore them. If it doesn't and provides an option for a deeper search, try that.

If none of that works, restart testdisk, choosing your disk again and try

select [None   ] Non partitioned media
select [ Analyse  ] ...
select [Quick Search]
If that finds your partitions that were deleted, restore them. If it doesn't and provides an option for a deeper search, try that.

For more specific instructions on testdisk and partition recovery, look here.

I wouldn't hold out too much hope here. It is very likely that testdisk is not going to find the old partitions. If it does, that's great news! You might not be able to boot back into Windows, but if you can recover the partitions, you might be able to fix the Windows boot loader. If you just want files, you can probably pull them off of the restored Windows partition from the live Ubuntu OS.

If you can't restore the partitions, your best bet is probably to continue using tools like photorec and scalpel to recover individual files. Unfortunately, the names of these files may not be recovered, so it may take some work to actually sort out what's what.


Will applications be putting user data in ~/.config instead of just ~?

As mentioned in my answer to a releated question, ~/.config is part of the FreeDesktop Base Directory Specification.

According to the spec, "user data" should not actually be put in ~/.config at all.

$XDG_CONFIG_HOME is where user
specific configuration files should
be stored.
$XDG_DATA_HOME is where user
specific data files should be stored.
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME defaults to
~/.config
$XDG_DATA_HOME defaults to
~/.local/share

As I say in a comment in that question: compliance is voluntary, but there has been discussion in the past about making XDG compliance a "goal" for all application in the default install.


Ubuntu 20.04: Titlebar buttons on the Left not working properly; titlebar disappears in Tweaks app

I'm afraid I don't know about Tweaks.
But to move the title bar buttons to the left, the easiest way  is to just copy/paste this command:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences button-layout 'close,minimize,maximize:'

It takes effect immediately.


This also happen to my laptop after I've installed Ubuntu Gnome 14.04.2.
The solution for my problem was (perhaps this would also work for you) to install the following package.

xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

Because this package is not automatically installed by default. I don't know why they don't do this by default. Hope it works for you as well.
Cheers.


After upgrading 19.04 to 19.10 monitor dims and undims every few seconds

You should ensure that Settings → Power → Automatic Brightness is disabled.


Ubuntu 20.04 zfs grub rollback snapshots

Figured it out.
Sudo apt --reinstall install grub2


Screenshot does not include cursor 18.04

I had use a new keyboard shortcut that uses command gnome-screenshot -p based off from this answer https://askubuntu.com/a/1146145/986391


Weird screen when I attempt to boot Ubuntu from a usb hard drive

I don't know about the percentage signs pops up in your screen, but I had a graphic issue when I tried to install Ubuntu 12.04 on Dell Inspiron 1501 from USB-thumb drive.  As soon as I booted in Ubuntu12.04, I got green, yellow, and red lines going down.

I solved it by using the nomodeset kernel boot option.

Since you have installed Ubuntu on your external drive you might try fixing your problem as follows:

Boot to your external drive.
Hold down Shift to get to the GRUB menu.
Press e when GNU GRUB pops up.
Delete quiet splash and type nomodeset in its plac.

Press Ctrl+X and see if Ubuntu boots normally without any graphic issue.

The above is a temporary fix. It won't carry over, the next time you boot. To make it permanent, so it works every time you boot:

In the Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), run gksu gedit /etc/default/grub. This opens GRUB's main configuration file in a graphical text editor.
In the editor, find the line that starts with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT.
On that line, delete quiet splash and add nomodeset.
Press Ctrl+S to save the file, then quit the text editor.
Back in the Terminal, run:

sudo update-grub

Hope it fix your problem. Your problem could be partitioning,but since I don't dual boot with windows anymore I can't help that way.

Reference: http://gparted-forum.surf4.info/viewtopic.php?id=14192


bash ignores what I type while "apt-get" is running

You might want to try to execute any command by adding in the very end of the command the &., e.g.: dolphin &. This way the process will run on the background and the terminal will be free to operate on.

Update: it seems, however, that interactive processes, like sudo apt-get install <package> that expect a user input (for example sudo's password) just wait in the background. They can be re-reached with the command fg.


After upgrading the cmake, I am still getting error for installing the ITK?

Ubuntu 14.04 - amd64. ... Build a cmake for ITK5.0, e.g. cmake_3.10.3 : Get the "build-deps" → $ sudo apt install g++ libncurses5-dev gfortran libbz2-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev python-sphinx libjsoncpp0 libarchive-dev libexpat1-dev libuv-dev librhash-dev liblzma-dev emacs python-all-dev desktop-file-utils libx11-dev libjsoncpp-dev

Result : cmake_3.10.3-1ubuntu14_amd64.deb https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nUI2nRc7KfbxJZuQb9XduCiLt_qpZxlR/view?usp=sharing

Install / update 'cmake' : $ sudo gdebi Downloads/cmake_3.10.3-1ubuntu14_amd64.deb

$ cd ITK-5.0a02/build/ && cmake .. && make : The 259 executable´s are created → 1.2GB (Build time = 3 .. 4 hours)

$ sudo make install > ITK5_install.log → https://www.dropbox.com/s/ip7zbyzifgqlkzm/ITK5_install.log.txt?dl=0 → Line 2904: /usr/local/bin/itkTestDriver


I managed to solve the issue, using the following steps:

Run ubuntu from live usb

Install testdisk command (need to enable universe repostiory, easy to google so let's skip it)

testdisk is very intuitive, i simply followed the instructions and recovered my partitions. And my system boots just fine.
Important mention: i did run smartctl before this process, it did not find any potential disk failures


How to put the Iso Data in dd-mm-YYYY format

You did not give your location nor the language used when you installed ubuntu.

Neither date format you propose is the default for users in the US which gives mm-dd-yyyy.

Go to settings -> region and language.  There you can play with the formats setting to get what you want.  I have not tried it but possibly the UK settings?


Can't boot Ubuntu 17.04 by EasyBCD in multi-boot with Windows

Sweet success at last. I have successfully booted Ubuntu 17.04 by creating an entry in the windows bootloader through bcdedit. So, it is not true what olfred remarked “I believe the bcdedit only works with UEFI.” Neither I updated the MBR of primary disk containing Windows 7 as it was the last thing I wanted to do. However, I am indebted to olfred as from his remark I guessed that I was wasting time with neogrub bootloader using grub4dos or Easybcd.

Steps followed in detail - First disabled fastboot of windows.

Booted ubuntu partition by Super Grub Disk. It was (hd0,5), sda6
It landed in Grub rescue prompt>
I booted Ubuntu by:
set prefix=(hd0,6)/boot/grub
set root=(hd0,6)
insmod normal
normal
This gave me grub menu and I pressed the first entry in it - “ubuntu” to boot normally.
Installed grub again in the ubuntu partition by :
sudo grub-install dev/xxxy  --force (xxxy determined by gparted)(sdc6 in my case)
Updated grub : sudo update-grub
Opened a terminal by Control + Alt + T
Created a temporary mount point by : 1. sudo su
                                    2. mkdir /mnt/tmp
Then mounted the device representing a 114 GB NTFS partition already present in my disk housing Windows 10 Pro 64-Bit to this mount point (I suppose one can use any NTFS partition this way):
mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/xxxy /mnt/tmp (xxxy determined by gparted) (sdb7 in my case)
Copied first 512 bytes of the ubuntu partition to a .bin file by :
dd if=/dev/xxxy of=/mnt/tmp/ubuntu.bin bs=512 count=1 (xxxy determined by gparted) (sdc6 in my case)
Exit from terminal and rebooted into Windows 7.
Cut and paste the ubuntu.bin file from Windows 10 Pro partition housed at sdb7 to the root of windows 7 (c:)
Opened cmd with administrative privilage (Start > Run > cmd in   box > right clicking cmd > Run as Administator)
Created an menu entry for Ubuntu :
bcdedit /create /d “ubuntu” /application bootsector
Returned an ID for this entry. Opened a notepad file, inputed the entry and saved it. This helps to copy paste the id needed to be inputed several tiles without mistake.
Specified which windows partition contains the ubuntu.bin file: bcdedit /set {ID} device partition=c:
Then the path to the ubuntu.bin file:
bcdedit /set {ID}  path \crunch.bin
Specified the ubuntu entry should be displayed at last in the boot menu : bcdedit /displayorder {ID} /addlast
Specified the time for dispalying the boot menu :
bcdedit /timeout 15
Exited bcdedit
Rebooted
At the end of boot menu, there is a new entry now “ubuntu”
Selected and entered.
Grub menu appeared.
Selected the first entry – ubuntu
Ubuntu desktop appears.

Indebted to :
1. Linux → Install and Configure CrunchBang Linux on the Lenovo T410 Laptop
by Iceflatline.


Built in microphone OK in Windows, but noisy in Ubuntu & not detected in Citrix Remote Desktop app

The Citrix application is not very user friendly on Linux systems. I had the same problem with the Citrix app. Try adding the following line to ~/.ICAClient/wfclient.ini:

[WFClient]
AllowAudioInput=True


Merge many folders keeping most recent files?

You can do it with a command line :

find orig/ -type f  -exec cp -u -a \{\} dest/ \;

where orig is the directory containing the stuff you want to flatten and copy, and dest your destination directory.
So what this will do is:

find each file in orig/ and its sub-directories
for each file, call copy (cp) to dest with the following options: u mean update, ie only copy if the file in newer, a archive, ie keep attributes, among them the dates of creation / modification

Small test here worked, but of course, be careful, and be sure to have a backup in case :-)


Actually, the goal you are trying to achieve here can only be done through a USB drive. A live installation can be operated in any device as it adjust itself according to the system. But same can't be done in an external Hard drive. You do can install the hard drive and adding a boot image into it, hence boot from that particular hard drive, but there is no 100% guarantee that it will run in all devices because your ubuntu installation was set according to that pc which you used to install the os on.

But still if you do wanna install ubuntu on an external hardrive-
you will have to partition it.The best thing to do is shrink this partition by about 20 GB (which is more than enough for Ubuntu) and create new partitions there. Either use Windows' Disk Management tool to shrink the partition, or use GParted from the Ubuntu Live mode. Install Ubuntu to this partition. Choose your external hard disk as the device for GRUB (bootloader) installation as well.

Try the above method and then tell me if you had any luck. I would love to see it work the way you wanted it.

  One machine can do the work of fifty ordinary men. No machine can do the work of one extraordinary man. -Elbert Hubbard


How to find and list hidden files in bash?

To see only files whose name begins with '.' just use '.*' in all commands.

Examples:

ls .*
find . -name '.*'
grep xy .*


What is this red light in lower right hand corner?

That is Gnome Shell's Screencast Recording feature. This lets you record videos of your desktop.

The screencaster is activated and deactivated with Control+Shift+Alt+R. Videos are automatically stored to the videos folder in the WebM format with the name Screencast from %d%u-%c.

Source: The Gnome Shell features page.


In exactly the same way

$ sort
abc
xyz
def
Ctrl+D
abc
def
xyz

More often though, it would be used with a pipe

somecommand-that-produces-unsorted-output | sort


Keyboard and touchpad stopped working after sleep

Have you tried?

$ sudo apt-get check

If you have some library problems, that command will tell you.
In that case, you can solve it using:

$ sudo apt-get -f install

This will repair broken dependencies, that could be the problem.


sudo apt-add-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ricotz/testing

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


You can change the window size by changing the default geometry (rows x columns):


There is no package named "protopef-compile"

I think you mean the package "protobuf-compiler":

sudo apt-get install protobuf-compiler


How to allow iOS 7 iPhone to sync? "Trust this computer" appears endlessly

This functionality was built in to iOS 7 in order to stop a security issue in iOS, where Linux systems present themselves as a charger, leaving the connected iPhone/iPad vulnerable to manipulation through Linux. Hence it would be logical for such a function to work properly in Ubuntu.

Haven't been able to find any solution to it yet, but the problem seems to be the question becomes an endless loop.

Information on the new functionality in iOS 7 to ask if you trust the computer connecting may be found here: http://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/apple-fixes-threat-from-fake-iphone-chargers-in-ios-7


Probably your .bashrc or .profile is messedup.

Your gedit will not start if it is not in path and since your path is empty it is not in the path.

You should first establish a good enough path.

export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

And then you should be able to start gedit. Alternativelly you could just run gedit with its whole path. Like:

/usr/bin/gedit


Apache now needs Require all granted under <Directory>, so edit like this :

....
<Directory /home/cock/phpmyadmin>
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
    AllowOverride None
    Order allow,deny
    # add here your IP addresses
    allow from all
    Require all granted
</Directory>
...

Then reload config apache with

sudo service apache2 reload


Ubuntu 12.04 in VMware split screen issue after updating

I used my VM previous snapshot to reproduce the problem.

Previous kernel: 3.2.0-63. VM running ok.

1) I applied all updates (including openssl) but NOT the kernel. After rebooting, the VM screen is OK.

2) I updated again (only the kernel packages, version 3.2.0-64 were pending: complete kernel, headers and kernel image) and rebooted: split / doubled screen shows up!

3) I ran vmware-config-tools.pl in other to generate modules for the new kernel and rebooted:  the split screen persists. Not solved.

4) also tried a full VM power off / power on: the problem persists.

It seems to be definitely a kernel 3.2.0-64 - related issue.

Suggestion: apply all updates (the openssl update is critical), but skip the kernel packages for now, until we get a fix from VMware or the Ubuntu team.

(AND: ALWAYS create a snapshot before you update anything !!)

See also these threads:

https://communities.vmware.com/message/2388587#2388587

https://communities.vmware.com/thread/481038

In summary:  if you don't have a previous snapshot, either enable the grub menu on boot and choose a previous kernel (e.g. 3.2.0-63) or: using the package manager, uninstall the kernel 3.2.0-64 and RE-INSTALL the previous kernel (this will take care of grub and boot configs).

Let's wait for a fix. And don't update the kernel for now.


Is there a solution to activate Flash in Firefox 56?

Both Adobe and Mozilla are in process of phasing out Flash support.  By 2020, there will be no support from Adobe, and when security updates stop, Firefox will stop loading any version of the Flash Player.  In the meantime, it appears you must enable Flash Player (aka Shockwave Flash) individually for each website where you want to use it.  See the Mozilla announcement here.

The general recommendation is not to enable Flash unless a web site doesn't work without it, to "allow web sites to shine".  Above that, I'd recommend contacting web admins to let them know you want to continue to enjoy their content, but that they urgently need to begin the process of converting from Flash to HTML.  The 2020 Flash sunset will be here sooner than it seems.


Kernel Ubuntu, with Linux 5.8.0-x is not compatible with RealTek ethernet adapters
Workaround
https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-server-73/updated-system-all-networking-lost-following-reboot-4175690186/


Inverted Horizontal scrolling ubuntu 18.04

I also encountered this issue upon upgrading to 18.04, this was my solution:

Use xinput list to find the device id of your touchpad.

Use xinput list-props yourdeviceid.  This will produce a long list of all the properties you can edit for that device.  We're interested in a property to do with scrolling distance, on my system this is Synaptics Scrolling Distance (283).  It should have two values, on my system (with natural scrolling enabled) these were -115, 115 (vertical distance, horizontal distance).  Note the value in the parentheses, in my case 283, it's how we'll identify the property to change it.

Use xinput set-prop yourdeviceid 283 -115, -115, replacing 283 and the scrolling distance values with whatever is appropriate. (The change is to make both values negative, which gives the desired result of "natural" scrolling.)

Notes:
This setting will not persist across system restarts, which is an issue all on its own.  I use a .xsessionrc file in my home directory to execute the xinput command on startup.
This will probably not work in 17.10, since Wayland does strange things to xinput.


how to dissable internal mic in lubuntu 14.04

I have unistalled Pulse and played with alsa mixer folloving this article :http://www.audiomisc.co.uk/Linux/ALSA/ALSAforUsers.html
I do not know what I did exactly,but now I can record from line in without
disturbing internal mic noise.
Probably I set it by changing the input source options in Alsamixer.
Martin


How to write an awk script that catch ping's time

You can use for example:

ping host | awk 'BEGIN {FS="[=]|[ ]"} {print $11}'

or, better to stop ping after  sending  one or more packets:

ping -c 1 host | awk 'BEGIN {FS="[=]|[ ]"} NR==2 {print $11}'

or

ping -c 5 host | awk 'BEGIN {FS="[=]|[ ]"} NR>=2&&NR<=6 {print $11}'

If you refer at this string: "Reply from 10.11.12.13 time=1035ms" and not at the output of ping command, you can use:

echo "Reply from 10.11.12.13 time=1035ms" | awk 'BEGIN {FS="[=]|ms"} {print $2}'


Upgrade to Windows 10 & Grub rescue, with both UEFI & BIOS on board

Since Ubuntu has been installed in Bios legacy mode and the device was UEFI enabled, Linux seeked for partition with bios_grub flag on, which surprisingly was not there. I created new partition,  1 MB in size, between my last Windows partition and first Linux partition. I set bios_grub flag for it, and left it unformatted. I used gparted to do that. After that I executed grub-install followed by update-grub. This operation detected partition with the flag, installed core.img to this new partition and updated MBR to seek core.img there. Now, my Ubuntu grub is running in legacy mode, just as I was expecting.

I am posting my current bootinfo so that one can compare the changes.

http://paste.ubuntu.com/12530606/


Giving www-data access to files with 750 permissions

OK, so /etc/init.d/apache2 restart did the trick!


You should use the ppa-purge program to remove PPAs. I think you'll have to first add the PPAs back, do an apt-get update. Reinstall any packages you removed from the PPA. Use dpkg if necessary. See if packages are still in conflict. If not, install ppa-purge and use it to remove the PPA:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge <ppa-name>

where the PPA name is the same as that which you gave to add-apt-repository. This will downgrade all affected packages to versions available without the PPA. You can do so manually, but it's too much of a pain.


If it was me, I would run Windows 8 in a virtual machine, like VMware. VMware player or workstation is better then virtual box. If you try to install Windows 8 along side Ubuntu, you will have to restore grub2. Restoring grub2 is a pain.


Unable to detect an adb device on USB3.0

The ADB server code (system/core/adb/usb_linux.c) is not looking for endpoint companion descriptors. It assumes bulk in and bulk out endpoint descriptors follow the interface descriptor.
See diff for fixing

diff --git a/adb/usb_linux.c b/adb/usb_linux.c
index 7bf2057..52e6412 100644
--- a/adb/usb_linux.c
+++ b/adb/usb_linux.c
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ static void find_usb_device(const char *base,
             unsigned zero_mask = 0;
             unsigned vid, pid;
             size_t desclength;
+           int is_ss = 0; /* boolean */

             if(badname(de->d_name)) continue;
             snprintf(devname, sizeof devname, "%s/%s", busname, de->d_name);
@@ -195,6 +196,10 @@ static void find_usb_device(const char *base,
             vid = device->idVendor;
             pid = device->idProduct;
             DBGX("[ %s is V:%04x P:%04x ]\n", devname, vid, pid);
+           if (device->bcdUSB == 0x0300) {
+                    D("super speed device found: V:%04x P:%04x\n", vid, pid);
+                   is_ss = 1;
+           }

                 // should have config descriptor next
             config = (struct usb_config_descriptor *)bufptr;
@@ -237,6 +242,8 @@ static void find_usb_device(const char *base,
                             // looks like ADB...
                         ep1 = (struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *)bufptr;
                         bufptr += USB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE;
+                       if (is_ss)
+                               bufptr += 6; /* USB_DT_SS_EP_COMP_SIZE */
                         ep2 = (struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *)bufptr;
                         bufptr += USB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE;


Thanks for the help!

Some setting in the vsftpd.conf file must have been wrong. After restoring that file to its default state, the issue disappeared.

For anyone else having the same issue try the following:

Backup the current configuration file.

sudo mv /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.backup

Uninstall vsftpd and purge the configuration files.

sudo apt-get remove --purge vsftpd

Lastly, re-install vsftpd.

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

Now Test Settings.

ftp -p x.x.x.x

obviously replacing the 'X's with your actual IP address. Local IP if within the network, and Public IP from outside the network.


Why do I have two pycharm installations (what should I do about it)?

I don't think you have two installations . You might be having two desktop entries. Check ~/.local/share/applications and /usr/share/applications.

If you find two desktop entry files delete one among them.


The easiest way is as you say to rename your files and add leading zeroes.
You can do this in the terminal on your mac like this:

for a in *.pdb; do mv $a `printf %05d.%s ${a%.*} ${a##*.}`; done

In this example i set that each number should contain 5 digits. So 1.pdb will be renamed to 00001.pdb. However you could lower that to 4 or whatever suits your need.

Good luck!

Edit

To make it work with pdbid.1 suffix, this is the answer:

for a in *.pdbid.1; do mv $a `printf %05d.%s ${a%.*.*} ${a#*.}`; done


Unable to update ubuntu 12.04: GPG error : the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 3EF2666A18CEC0F6

You can get around this by going to Update Manager > Settings > Software Sources and unchecking the libre-office-4-4 packages


I suggest you write a conf file. You can do so quickly from the terminal:

sudo -i
echo "options i8k force=1"  >  /etc/modprobe.d/i8k.conf
echo i8k  >> /etc/modules
exit

You should be all set.


.desktop files not visible on Desktop screen

Have you enabled the Gnome shell extension "Desktop Icons"? If not, you won't see any icons on your desktop. You can enable it in the Gnome extensions app or with this command:
gnome-extensions enable desktop-icons@csoriano


To read pre-installed documentation you have to run Qt Assistant without arguments assistant and then select needed category from the Contents tab.
To open custom *.qch file you have to:

download it
cd /tmp
wget https://master.dl.sourceforge.net/project/qwt/qwt/6.0.1/qwt-6.0.1.qch

create new collection for it
touch /tmp/my.qhc

register file in the new collection
assistant -collectionFile /tmp/my.qhc -register /tmp/qwt-6.0.1.qch;

open Qt Assistant with new collection
assistant -collectionFile /tmp/my.qhc

and navigate to the newly created entry in Contents (Qwt User's Guide 6.0.1 in my case).

Sources:

https://wiki.qt.io/Qt_Creator_Documentation_Gallery
https://doc.qt.io/archives/qt-4.8/assistant-custom-help-viewer.html


Reinstall Guest Additions on the VM.  It's possible that it was corrupted during the upgrade, or a version mismatch could have occurred after upgrading.  I recently ran into this issue upgrading the Host, and the culprit was the version of Guest Additions installed on the VM was not supported by the version of VirtualBox on the host.


How can I completely disable font anti-aliasing, esp. in Firefox?

To do this globaly in the lubuntu you can disable antialiasing By going to  the menu prefrences then customize look and feel. The tab on this window called fonts will give you what you want with settings for font hinting and antialiasing And uncheck enable hinting and antialiasing to disable them. You can also launch this program in the terminal with lxapperance or by pressing the shortcut alt f2 then typing lxapperance in a run dialog.


How do I change how long notifications are displayed?

You can't do this normally. However, there is a patched version of notify-osd that supports it:
From Ubuntu 16.04 onwards:
You'll need to add two PPA's:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:leolik/leolik
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt update

Then install it like this:
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install notifyosdconfig

The configuration dialog should be in Applications->Accessories or notifyosdconf from the terminal. There's a setting for the standard notification duration as per screenshot above if you don't set it the --expire-time parameter.
Example:
notify-send --urgency=LOW --expire-time=1 --icon=face-laugh "test" "1 second"

Older versions: (9.10-14.10)
You'll need to add two PPA's:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:leolik/leolik
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:amandeepgrewal/notifyosdconfig
sudo apt-get update

Then install it like this:
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install notifyosdconfig

The configuration dialog should be in Applications->Accessories or notifyosdconf from the terminal. There's a setting for notification duration as per screenshot above.
Example:
notify-send --urgency=LOW --expire-time=1 --icon=face-laugh "test" "1 second"


How do I run LibreOffice Calc without Text Input dialog?

See:
http://wiki.openoffice.org/wiki/Documentation/DevGuide/Spreadsheets/Handling_Spreadsheet_Documents_Files

and:

http://wiki.openoffice.org/wiki/Documentation/DevGuide/Spreadsheets/Filter_Options

with UNO you can set the filter options. With that you can write e.g. a StarBasic macro.  http://www.openoffice.org/api/basic/man/tutorial/tutorial.pdf helps you with that.

You should be able to run such a macro from the commandline: http://forum.openoffice.org/en/forum/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=8232

Another alternative is using Python/PyUno, Java or C++.


No, that is the currently supported version available for Ubuntu 12.04. Canonical does not always release patches to items such as PHP and MySQL for the LTS releases until it has had time to vet them with their testing. I have the same versions of Server and PHP. You are certainly able to download, configure and install the newer version of PHP if you so desire.


Print a list of "full" relative paths of all the files present in a directory and in its sub-directories

The most straightforward option would be find:

$ cd /usr/lib; find .
.
./libxcb-icccm.so.4.0.0
./libbz2.so.1.0.6
./libdca.so.0
./libxcb-composite.so
./libyajl.so
./libswscale.so
./libxvidcore.so.4.3
./libjasper.so.1
./libdrm_intel.so.1
...

It has various tests for filtering such as:

-type to filter based on type (regular file f, directory d, etc.)
-mindepth and -maxdepth to set the depths to which find should search (not really tests as such)
-name and -path to filter based on filename and path, supporting wildcards.
and a lot of other tests, for permissions, ownership, times, etc.

It offers a variety of output formats, using the -printf option.

Depending on the shell and the options enabled, you can also use globbing for this purpose. For example, in bash:

$ shopt -s globstar; printf "%s\n" **
accountsservice
accountsservice/accounts-daemon
aisleriot
aisleriot/ar-cards-renderer
aisleriot/guile
aisleriot/guile/2.0
aisleriot/guile/2.0/accordion.go
aisleriot/guile/2.0/agnes.go
aisleriot/guile/2.0/aisleriot
aisleriot/guile/2.0/aisleriot/api.go
...

And in zsh:

$ printf "%s\n" **/*
accountsservice
accountsservice/accounts-daemon
aisleriot
aisleriot/ar-cards-renderer
aisleriot/guile
aisleriot/guile/2.0
aisleriot/guile/2.0/accordion.go
aisleriot/guile/2.0/agnes.go
aisleriot/guile/2.0/aisleriot
aisleriot/guile/2.0/aisleriot/api.go
...


Bumblebee did not work for me. What did work, however, was the suggestion made in this thread (How to set up nVidia Optimus/Bumblebee in 14.04), taken from this website (http://www.webupd8.org/2013/08/using-nvidia-graphics-drivers-with.html). Namely:

sudo apt-get purge bumblebee*
sudo apt-get purge libvdpau-va-gl1
sudo apt-get install nvidia-319 nvidia-settings-319 nvidia-prime


Netplan throws an error when attempting to load a config file, provides no details about what the error is

netplan is VERY fussy about .yaml file formatting. No tabs, specific indentation, and no extra spaces. Your .yaml looks ok syntactically, but try this variation...
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eno1:
      dhcp4: true

sudo netplan generate # generate config files
sudo netplan apply # apply config
reboot # reboot the computer


why do I get them

Not because of crashes: ext3 and ext4 . If you need to do it yourself it almost always is due to hardware failure. Besides internal error messages related to fsck itself the one main other problem is hardware related. Oracle System Administration Guide: Advanced Administration has a description on how fsck works and what different error messages it can show.,

General fsck Error Messages
The error messages in this section might be displayed in any phase after initialization. Although they offer the option to continue, it is generally best to regard them as fatal. They reflect a serious system failure and should be handled immediately. When confronted with such a message, terminate the program by entering n(o). If you cannot determine what caused the problem, contact your local service provider or another qualified person.
A request to move to the specified block number, disk-block-number, in the file system failed. This message indicates a serious problem, probably a hardware failure.

A couple of things that can be a problem:

magnetic interference (/Degaussing)
moving a HDD at the moment it is written to.
actual physical errors on the disk introduced by the manufacturer.
normal wear. An SSD is quick and has no moving parts like a HDD does but has a lower amount of writes to the disk.
Or a very very bad one we had with Edge: a bug in ext.

And why doesnt such file system problems ever occur in Windows ?

Sorry? It most certainly does. Remember those blue screen of deaths (nowaydays black screen of death). The command for a file system check is chckdsk.
See the Windows Hardware Error Architecture (WHEA) design guide.


How do you install a "device manager" on Ubuntu?

since that doens't work anymore you can take this device manager instead :

Hardinfo

by using : sudo apt-get install hardinfo


For a bit more info, open a terminal and type 'top'. It will show you what's running and what's at the top is likely your problem.


Perform multiple statements in one line in Python 3.2.3

In Python 2, the print statement automatically adds a line feed, so you need to use sys.stdout.write() instead. You will also have to import sys. The code you have written should look like this instead:

import time
import sys
sys.stdout.write("Ok, I know how to write programs in Python now.")
time.sleep(0.5)
sys.stdout.write(".")
time.sleep(0.5)
sys.stdout.write(".")

In Python 3, print is a function accepting keyword arguments. You can use the end keyword argument to specify what should be placed after your string. By default it's a new line character, but you can change it to an empty string:

import time
print("Ok, I know how to write programs in Python now.", end='')
time.sleep(0.5)
print(".", end='')
time.sleep(0.5)
print(".", end='')

Also, remember that streams are buffered, so it's better if you flush them:

import time
import sys
print("Ok, I know how to write programs in Python now.", end='')
sys.stdout.flush()
time.sleep(0.5)
print(".", end='')
sys.stdout.flush()
time.sleep(0.5)
print(".", end='')
sys.stdout.flush()


Ctrl button deselects search bars and other text entry boxes in Ubuntu 18.04

I'm an idiot! I did change some features after the install, I used this (https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Tweaks) and in 'Keyboard & Mouse' turned on the 'Pointer Location: Press the ctrl key to highlight the pointer.' Turning this off fixed my problem.


(xrandr Question) Problem with displaying Ubuntu in native resolution

You need to find your monitor name, such as VGA1 and DVI-0, which you can do with this command:

xrandr | grep " connected " | awk '{ print$1 }'

Now use the output of that command instead of the default you used in your xrandr commands.