No network capabiity on dell vostro 1000

I had same case and now I can connect.

I opened terminal with alt+ctrl+t

  gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

found following line

SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?", ATTRS{address}=="$MAC", NAME="eth0"*

it was longer and I shortened it. Then copied $MAC (Mac address) and saved the file.
then I right-clicked network icon on top bar and opened Edit connections
then clicked add. Ethernet. Pasted $MAC to both MAC address boxes. Saved. Connected cable. It worked.

PS: $MAC is your cards mac address, do not touch it.

If it will not work, you may visit following links for driver installation:

http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/archive/2233376

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1113779


How to add a custom resolution? xrandr fails

Hi the problem is probably the propriatary nvidia driver it has a check if modes match some monitor charateristics, for adding an abitrary mode this needs to be disabled in the X11 config, see Option "ModeValidation" in https://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86/173.14.12/README/appendix-b.html


If you have a Realtek Card reader follow this tutorial. It worked for me.

linuxterminal.org/issue-with-rts5229-pci-express-card-reader

I assume it will work for other models as long as you download the right module from the Realtek website.


Command line: create file with new filename if the filename already exists

The easiest solution would be to add a timestamp to the filename and not use a single digit.

The easiest method to create an empty file would be touch test$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S) and that would result in a file named test20110802-170410. A 2nd time test* will get a newer timestamp so it will result in 2 files.


try this:

sudo apt install firmware-b43-installer
sudo apt install net-tools
sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source

It work for me


Switching to a new user after session is locked

12.04 is still in beta phase and most likely this is a bug. According to 11.04 documentation this should work like this:

"When your screen is locked, other users can log in to their own accounts by clicking Switch User on the password screen. You can switch back to your desktop when they are finished."

I also tried this in 12.04 and it didn't work --> bug should be filed. http://www.ubuntu.com/community/report-problem


VirtualBox: Start Firefox in Ubuntu via a Windows script?

Could it be that it's not routed to the correct display?

As you have found you can solve it using the --enviroment flag. The command should be:

VBoxManage.exe guestcontrol MyVirtualMachineUbuntu exec --image "/usr/bin/firefox" --username bob --password password --wait-stdout --verbose  --environment "DISPLAY=:0"


How can I change/convert a Ubuntu MBR drive to a GPT, and make Ubuntu boot from EFI?

Table of contents:

Terminology
Converting
Configuring (+ Dual boot)

Terminology

BIOS = Basic Input/Output System

(U)EFI = (Unified) Extensible Firmware Interface

MBR = Master Boot Record

GPT = GUID Partition Table

UEFI / EFI / BIOS = Firmware interface

MBR / GPT = How the computer knows (per hard disk) what partitions are on the
drive and how to boot from them.

UEFI / BIOS

A firmware interface is the way that the firmware (the software inside
devices) and operating system interact. It initialises the hardware then runs
the operating system and ensures that the operating system drivers can operate
 the hardware.

The BIOS has been the usual firmware interface that has been used. The UEFI is
a newer interface that has several features, such as being faster, having a GUI
and being able to start the network card and get an ip address. UEFI replaces
EFI. (Those developing EFI saw that there were others doing something similar
and so joined them, bringing the ideas of EFI with them. This then became UEFI).

A BIOS requires the bootloader to be at the start of the disk, however a UEFI
uses a partition for this and can choose among multiple boot loaders to use.

MBR / GPT + GRUB

The MBR is a section of code at the start of the disk that contains a boot
loader (for the BIOS), as well as the partition map and a unique disk identifier.

To install GRUB onto a disk with a MBR, GRUB places a small program in the MBR to
load the rest of GRUB from another part of the disk. (This is done because the
MBR is too small to contain all of GRUB). The space that is chosen is space
between the MBR and the first partition, which usually exists.

GPT is a standard for how the partitons are specified. It does have a 'protective'
MBR, however this is only for allowing BIOS based computers to boot and stop
tools that only know about MBR from trying to trash GPT. It can have

(How GPT is handled depends on whether it is booting using a BIOS (or UEFI system
in BIOS emulation mode) or UEFI. I will focus on UEFI as it relates to the question).

Boot loaders for operating systems are stored in a partion called EFI System
Partiton, that is formatted (usually) with FAT32. This is where GRUB is installed.

Converting

First...

We are playing around with the partition table, so guaranteed safety is not
possible. It is a risky operation. However, the method should not lose data.

Others coming across this: Do not use on Apple Macs.

Now...

You will need to do this on a live CD (or another linux installation installed
to a different disk.)

When dealing with GPT disks, we need to use a GPT aware program. 'GPT fdisk' is
a good tool to use and what I will be using. It can be called gptfdisk or
gdisk depending on distribution (Ubuntu calles it gdisk). Parted (and Gparted)
is also GPT aware, so can 'safely' be used with GPT disks.

To convert you need to:

Resize partitions to fit GPT data and EFI system partition.
Convert the disk and add partitions
Install GRUB to EFI system partition.

1) Resize partition

Use parted (command line) or gparted (GUI) to resize the first and last
partition. The first partion should have about 200MiB before it, and the last
partition should have 1MiB to 2MiB (either will do) taken off the end.

2) Convert the disk

Run

gdisk /dev/sdx

changing the device you want to convert is /dev/sdx.

It should tell you that it will convert the partiton table.

GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.6.14

Partition table scan:
  MBR: MBR only
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present

***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format.
THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by typing 'q' if
you don't want to convert your MBR partitions to GPT format!
***************************************************************

Command (? for help):

Now add a new partition, making it of type 'EFI system'. It should find the free
space at the beginning (I suggest some low sector number like 34) and
automatically use all the free space.
The examples use a 4GB USB flash drive with 1 partition already on there, resized
as per above.

Command (? for help): n
Partition number (2-128, default 2): 2
First sector (34-7831518, default = 34) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Information: Moved requested sector from 34 to 2048 in
order to align on 2048-sector boundaries.
Use 'l' on the experts' menu to adjust alignment
Last sector (2048-421887, default = 421887) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Current type is 'Linux/Windows data'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 0700): L
0700 Linux/Windows data    0c01 Microsoft reserved    2700 Windows RE
4200 Windows LDM data      4201 Windows LDM metadata  7501 IBM GPFS
7f00 ChromeOS kernel       7f01 ChromeOS root         7f02 ChromeOS reserved
8200 Linux swap            8301 Linux reserved        8e00 Linux LVM
a500 FreeBSD disklabel     a501 FreeBSD boot          a502 FreeBSD swap
a503 FreeBSD UFS           a504 FreeBSD ZFS           a505 FreeBSD Vinum/RAID
a800 Apple UFS             a901 NetBSD swap           a902 NetBSD FFS
a903 NetBSD LFS            a904 NetBSD concatenated   a905 NetBSD encrypted
a906 NetBSD RAID           ab00 Apple boot            af00 Apple HFS/HFS+
af01 Apple RAID            af02 Apple RAID offline    af03 Apple label
af04 AppleTV recovery      be00 Solaris boot          bf00 Solaris root
bf01 Solaris /usr & Mac Z  bf02 Solaris swap          bf03 Solaris backup
bf04 Solaris /var          bf05 Solaris /home         bf06 Solaris alternate se
bf07 Solaris Reserved 1    bf08 Solaris Reserved 2    bf09 Solaris Reserved 3
bf0a Solaris Reserved 4    bf0b Solaris Reserved 5    c001 HP-UX data
c002 HP-UX service         ef00 EFI System            ef01 MBR partition scheme
ef02 BIOS boot partition   fd00 Linux RAID
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 0700): ef00
Changed type of partition to 'EFI System'

You should now have the EFI partition.

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 7831552 sectors, 3.7 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 669247F2-37F7-4797-98F9-9CE56F7EA8C8
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 7831518
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 4029 sectors (2.0 MiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1          421888         7829503   3.5 GiB     0700  Linux/Windows data
   2            2048          421887   205.0 MiB   EF00  EFI System

Then exit gdisk

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed, possibly destroying your data? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT).
The operation has completed successfully.

Now use Gparted (or command-line mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/partition) to format the partition as FAT32.

3) Install GRUB

This comes with less assurances that the previous part as I have not tried it myself.

I am not sure about this step, so I'll guess using RAOF's instructions:

  To switch to grub-efi you'd want to

  Find your EFI partition; mount it in /boot/efi. Add this to /etc/fstab¹
  Install the grub-efi package
  Switch your BIOS boot priority from UEFI and Legacy to UEFI only (or a similar option)

You should work out which version of grub-efi to install with

ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi

If it says EFI32 install the grub-efi-ia32 package, if it says EFI64
install the grub-efi-amd64 package. You can install the packages with

sudo apt-get install <package name>

This will probably only work if you have booted in EFI mode.

If it does not work, you could try these step by step instructions
(under "Install GRUB2 in (U)EFI systems") once grub-efi is installed.

Configuring (+ Dual Boot)

If RAOK's instructions work, you should be able to add the following line to
/etc/grub.d/40_custom

menuentry "Windows 7" {
        set root='(hd0,gpt1)'
        chainloader /EFI/microsoft/bootmgfw.efi
}

It assumes that Windows is recognised as hd0 by GRUB. It may need to be changed
to hd1 in order to work.

Now run

update-grub

to update the config file.

References and further reading

I used several sources.

Rod Smith's "GPT fdisk tutorial". Good for more info.
Wikipedia pages for UEFI, BIOS, MBR and GPT.
Ubuntu's UEFI booting wiki page. Good for more how-to if you get stuck.
UEFI's own about page.


Instead of using mod_rewrite, how about just use

Redirect / https://mydomain.com/


Is ASUS X550LB-XX021D compatible with Ubuntu?

I am using ASUS K55VM with Ubuntu since 12.04 version and never had an issue. You can choose Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS or 14.10 based on your choice. For people who feel stability is top priority, LTS (Long Term Support) versions are recommended.

Your laptop is not on the list (per say, so isn't mine). I think your X550LB should work fine with Ubuntu. Installation procedure can be viewed here.

If you doubt it, then use UnetBootin and run Ubuntu from USB for trial and test everything like wifi, sound, battery backup hours, heating, bluetooth, file transfer, trackpad check etc. This will make you feel more confidant.

After installation, follow these instructions to turn it into a productive system.


This will completely remove thunderbird from your system.

sudo apt-get purge thunderbird*

Here is what went wrong in your case.

You will need to wait for the locate database to update, or force update by sudo updatedb before the system picks the changes. Or use locate -e to print only files existing at the time locate is run.
The files you see in /usr/share/app-install belong to Ubuntu Software Center.
The files in /usr/share/icons belong to the corresponding icon theme.


postfix main.cf message_size_limit question

I set mailbox_size_limit to 0 which means "Unlimited" and this solved the problem


Pixilated display, clicks not working on Toshiba Satellite

I have a Toshiba Satellite A105-S4004 and it runs Lubuntu 14.04 just fine.  Ubuntu 14.04 may be too much for that old of a system (I used to run 12.04 2D Desktop on it and that was OK, but 3D desktop was problematic.) Try Lubuntu or Xubuntu.


How to get bass boost in Ubuntu just like Windows has?

UPDATE: Since I think that PulseAudio Equalizer is not being maintained anymore and it has some nasty bugs for years (Volume is set to 100% on login) I have found an alternative. The alternative is PulseEffects. It has more options and it's even better than PulseAudio Equalizer.

It even has better Bass booster (Bass Enhancer) than PulseAudio Equlizer. It can be started with system boot: System Settings > Sound > Output > PulseEffects(apps)

In order to get the nice bass sound on your headphones on Ubuntu 16.04+ and Mint 18+, you first need to have good headphones. I'm using Apple's headphones. The next thing you need to do is to put the preset on Party and slide the first column just little up, around ~15.4db and you will get that nice bass output just like on Windows machine.


What open source configuration management software with a GUI is available?

The closest thing I have seen is Puppet. Here's their wiki page describing what it can do:

http://projects.puppetlabs.com/projects/1/wiki


Should I ever worry about router compatibility?

Every router in existence should work with Ubuntu. Routers communicate with your computer using plain TCP/IP, the operating-system-agnostic backbone of the internet. Without getting too technical, any operating system that speaks TCP/IP (which Ubuntu does) will work with any router.

If you're setting up a network with multiple routers, stick with one vendor (eg Linksys, Belkin). There can be interoperability issues there, but that also applies for Windows and Mac.


I've had the same problem but not 100% sure how I fixed it ..

2 ideas comes to my mind ..

use "windows xp" as desktop config in wine

in Configuration : Wine : configure : tab audio .
try to find the best "out" device that fits your pc configuration
and also verify u're not in 5.1 mode if you only have stereo sound output.

with nivdia : For perfomance to avoid frames Hiccups : in display : Try "gls support" "disabled"

hope it helps


Anyone have the Aspeed ast2050 vga working from a Tyan S7025?

I had the same problem as you, although the card model is different. In the end, I downloaded the driver from ftp://x.org/pub/individual/driver/xf86-video-ast-0.91.10.tar.gz and built the driver from source. FYI, I had to install the xserver-xorg-dev package before I could build it successfully.


Hey, I am one of the Cardapio developers. :)

The current »unstable« PPA can be considered stable. It is just named unstable because there is no definitive 1.0 release yet.

There is no release schedule because we have none. Version 1 will be ready when it is ready but as I said, Cardapio is safe to install right now. :)


View TOTAL Disk Space Taken by ALL Installed Packages

I believe you're looking for something along the lines of this question previously asked:

How do I determine the total size of a directory (folder) from the command line?

EDIT:
So, I did...

sudo du -sh /

and got 56 gigs total from root /, then did

sudo du -sh /home/

and got 20 gigs total from all of /home/

... so, in theory, I just subtracted the 2nd value from the 1st (20G out of the total 56G used) to get an 'idea' of how much my current home vs. packages represents (36G of packages/OS, 20G of /home - but that's ALL the stuff /home/ folder to be clear).

Is that a bit along the lines of what you're looking for?


The operation on .vmdk file fails in Vmware 12

Was your system doing some disk I/O operation at the time? I have the same problem (this is Mar 2018...) but was using Win 10 as host and Ubuntu 16.04 as guest on VMWare Player 12. It almost always happen when I try to update my VM with apt-get.

I came across this post which may explain our problems:

http://itsallmacademic.com/2012/01/28/operation-on-file-vmdk-failed/

I know neither of us are running Mac, but the explanation seems valid. In short the problem is allocating too much RAM to the VM while the host cannot provide that much. I'm trying it to see if it fixes the problem or not. Hope this help...


This is a known issue. Sadly, there is no (current) way to workaround this problem: your friend's username was originally created with an empty display name in SSO (see bug #709496 in launchpad for details), and Ubuntu One stores user data for shares only at user creation time. So, even if your friend set up his display name in his profile, our database to build shares will no get updated. This last part needs to stay this way as long as we support Ubuntu One clients from Lucid, which do not support that the name of the sharing user changes once the share is created.

Bug #709496 is now fixed in the SSO servers, so the SSO desktop client app in Ubuntu 11.04 is already requesting to the newly created user to set a non-empty display name. For Maverick systems, we're trying to have this SRU accepted and released soon: bug #742678.

I'm sorry I can't give you a workaround for this. In the next cycle, we're planning on improving the Shares experience.
Thanks, Natalia.


Automatically Remounting a USB Drive after USB errors

The only way I can think about is by making a script that unmounts USB drives.

A tip: you can unmount usb drives by doing:

sudo umount /dev/sdb1

/dev/sdb1 should be replaced by your USB drive location.


Yes, but it is a bit limited, the only 2 desktop applications that are available are LibreOffice and Gimp

Others can be installed by using a tool named Libertine
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Libertine
It  needs more documentation to be useful to novice users


Apparently, you change you /home directory permissions to something unsavoury, so let's fix that using two steps:

Remount / in rw mode from recovery mode:

Enter recovery mode from grub menu and mount the file system

mount -o remount, rw /

Change the folder permissions to 755:

chmod 755 /home/$USER

Please don't add the -R option when using the chmod command

Reboot


Installation Question for a Windows XP machine

you can manually install ubuntu.
- select 'something else'
- follow the instruction here

after the installation, boot into newly installed ubuntu and run this command

  sudo update-grub


Best versions of ubuntu for thinkpad T21

That laptop is very old, so most drivers should work out of the box. However since the max RAM is 512 MB and it is a Pentium III, you'll be better off with Lubuntu, Puppy Linux or SliTaz Linux.

Check the following links for more info.

http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Installing_Ubuntu_on_a_ThinkPad_T21

http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/6-lightweight-linux-distributions-give-pc-lease-life


Is there a way to recover a file created in a live USB session?

The file was only stored in memory (dynamic RAM). Yes you may save files and store them on a fs (file-system) but that file-system was created in RAM itself, and not on disk or other more permanent storage.
It'll need a program to scan memory looking for it. On restart the next booted OS will use RAM overwriting whatever was there before hand without regard, programs can malloc() (memory allocate) that ram & scan to see/save what was in it (why some security-based live systems offer the choice of delaying shutdown by a number of minutes to overwrite RAM so nothing is left behind, Xubuntu doesn't offer that as few want it)
On turning the machine off, without refreshes dram will lose it's contents in 3-22 secs (depending on temperature & environment, though that can be extended by use of liquid nitrogen to cool ram chips) but again you need to be prepared..
Effectively it's lost.  The file-system it was stored to existed only in memory/ram unless you mounted a non-volatile file-system, or scp or copied it before shutdown.


Areas under autohiding KDE panels not clickable in fullscreen apps

This is a known bug and it wasn't fixed for a long time: https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199017

But there is a workaround:
Change from "Autohide" to "Allow overlapping" panel behaviour (or whatever is the original string, I use localized version currently).
The panel will still show up when you bring pointer to the edge of the screen.


Kyocera network printer suddenly not reachable on ubuntu

Not being able to solve the problem, I bought a print server that connects to the printer via USB and makes it available over the network. Even though it's not a beautiful solution it works.


iSight camera doesn't work in uBuntu 16.04

This is possibly related to the following Ubuntu bug:  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/isight-firmware-tools/+bug/1247476

Multiple people with similar Macbook Pro models manufactured in 2014 are reporting the same issue.

There is currently an effort to reverse-engineer the iSight webcam driver to create an open-source version; however, without Apple's cooperation, it's a slow process. The driver project is at https://github.com/patjak/bcwc_pcie and it looks like there is an experimental version available; it looks like the driver is now able to stream video, and the wiki on that site has installation instructions if you'd like to try it out.


I want to recover my data from a formatted hard disk partition

Anytime I have needed to recover lost files I have always used Photorec.
You can download it from https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Download

The best way to run it would be from another computer entirely with your hard drive placed inside of a drive reader, but if that is not an option then a Linux live USB like the one you used to install Ubuntu is the next best thing. Put the Photorec executables on the usb, boot from that USB, and run it from the terminal using the following instructions.

Step 1: Boot From USB Stick. Run the program by opening the terminal and running the program. sudo photorec
   - if that doesn't work you may have to navigate to correct directory the photorec executable is located and then do sudo ./photorec

Step 2: Use Up/Down arrow keys to choose the disk you wish to work with and then press Enter.

Step 3: Now there will be three options to choose from i.e. Search, Options, and File Opt. For data recovery, select Search to proceed.

Step 4: Next, you must select a Partition of the hard drive which you wish to scan for deleted files. The information of the file system will be required. Choose Other unless the file system is ext2, ext3, or ext4. in your case I am sure you will want to choose 'other'

Step 5: Once you have selected the partition, you have two options to choose from i.e. Free and Whole. Choose the Free option if you wish to recover your deleted files or Select the whole options if the file system is corrupted. You want to recover files so select Free

Step 6: The next step is to choose the folder/directory where your files were located before deletion. Use Up/Down arrow keys to navigate to the folder of your choice. I would recommend dumping the files in a completely seperate drive like an external hard drive. This is because we do not want to be writing to the old disk until we have recovered the files we were looking for.

Step 7: Once you have selected the folder, the restoring process will begin. Wait for it to complete.

Step 8: IMPORTANT NOTE from the folks at cgsecurity: You should also scan the recovered files with your antivirus/anti-malware program as PhotoRec might have restored some Trojans.

Good luck!


Cannot Run Ubuntu After Clean Install on Toshiba Satellite

I'd strongly recommend you to boot Ubuntu as LEGACY BIOS rather than UEFI. It works best and you also have an option of dual/triple boot.

If your laptop is new, chances are that their is a UEFI and OEM partition already set-up which prevents installation of other OS. You can use the diskpart utility in windows (reinstall windows and delete the partitions) and then install ubuntu.

In your BIOS, select the boot option as Legacy. You have set it to UEFI. Try booting now. If it still doesn't work, then re-insert your bootable USB and then I suggest making manual partitions. Select create new partition table. In this menu, you will get to know if Windows is properly removed or not. Now you can install ubuntu by making the boot, root and home partitions.


How do I start Firefox with debug output at the command line?

You should type run at gdb prompt, so that firefox continue running, and see any message leaved when it crashes.


configure: error: You need libxml2 >= 2.6.5 to compile theforgottenserver!

It looks like it was available only for ArchLinux.

For Ubuntu you have to follow the official Compiling on Ubuntu guide:

  1. Install the required software
  sudo apt-get install git cmake build-essential liblua5.2-dev libgmp3-dev libmysqlclient-dev libboost-system-dev libboost-iostreams-dev libboost-filesystem-dev libpugixml-dev libcrypto++-dev

  2. Download the source code
  git clone --recursive https://github.com/otland/forgottenserver.git

  3. Generate the build files

cd forgottenserver
mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..

  4. Build

make


Adding parts of one file to another file

On your sample
$ cut -d ' ' -f2- positives.txt | paste -d '' samples.txt -
./positives/800.jpg 1 9 25 70 21
./positives/801.jpg 1 13 5 45 38
./positives/802.jpg 1 8 20 63 14
./positives/803.jpg 2 4 25 76 23 11 17 67 21

This assumes that the files are already sorted and that the first line of positives has the numbers you want to add to the first line of samples
Notes

cut -d ' ' -f2- cut from positives all the fields from the second field onwards, assuming it to be space delimited
| pass the cut output as stdin to paste
paste -d '' samples.txt - paste lines from stdin onto lines from samples without adding any delimiting characters (the file as entered here has a space at the end of each line. If that is not the reality, use paste -d ' ' to get a space)


Using Thunderbird and Outlook with GMail

You need to use IMAP to avoid this problem, because with POP3, it marks the message as "read" and essentially will not pass it on to other clients.


Unrecognised Service for existing, working service - Ubuntu 18.04

Use the real command, which for systemd would be:

sudo systemctl enable my-service

For reference, you do not have to use the main system directory for the unit file if you want it to run for a normal user, e.g. your own. You can create it in a directory such as:

~/.config/systemd/user/

Then you can do:

systemctl --user enable my-service

This avoids the need for sudo

As you have noted in your comment, when running per-user instances of systemd the User directive should be absent


ERROR MESSAGE: Requires installation of untrusted packages

I had to change the download Server to a different one. This can be done by clicking on settings in the Update Manager and choosing "Download from:" from the "Ubuntu Software" tab. You can then say "other" and select the server of your choice. Once finished, authenticate, click "close", then click "Check". Now you can install your updates fine :)


Upgrade from Ubuntu 12.02 to 14.04 and Apache2 version 2.4 not working

Having just encountered a similar problem myself, here are some steps...
1.
Check whether apache is running (like you already did)
sudo service apache2 restart

This command will attempt to (re)start apache, printing out status info while doing so. If you get an error here, that's your next clue to follow until you get apache running.
2.
With apache running, watch its logs while attempting to visit one of your server's pages.
sudo tail -f /var/log/apache2/error.log /var/log/apache2/access.log

This command will print out the end ("tail") of the apache error and access logs, and it will "live print" new logs as they arrive.
If you see new error logs arriving while you attempt to visit one of your apache's webpages, then those are your next clues to follow.
If apache returns a response to your browser (ie: "Forbidden"), then that is one of your clues to follow.
If you see no new error logs or even no new access logs, then the problem is likely not with apache.
3.
In my case, this lead me to the following places:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/TrustyTahr/ReleaseNotes#Ubuntu_Server
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/upgrading.html
http://hussainweb.me/upgrading-apache-2-4-ubuntu-13-10-upgrade-stories/

And I personally needed the following fixes:

My vhost files (see /etc/apache2/sites-available/) needed to be suffixed with  .conf, as described in this stack-o answer.
I needed to have Require directives added to my vhosts, as described in the upgrade docs.


No suspend on lid closing on a Samsung Series 5 14" NP530U4BI

Yes I'm experiencing the same issue with my Acer Aspire 7535G with a Radeon graphics card as well. This is the bug report I have issued:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/989674
Keep an eye on it for possible fix or support in the future.

In the time being do what I do to wake it back to GUI. Hit Ctrl + Alt + F6 to open a Ttyl terminal then hit Ctrl + Alt + F7 to reload the GUI.

Hope that helps!


How does thumbnail preview in Ubuntu differ from that of Windows?

I think Ubuntu uses the file header to identify file type and generate the thumbnail on that basis , but in windows a file containing meta data named Thumbnail.db would be updated when windows explorer scan file types (based on the file extension).

This document supports my answer .
http://specifications.freedesktop.org/thumbnail-spec/thumbnail-spec-latest.html#CREATION

Ubuntu uses Nautilus that complies with Freedesktop implementation, that uses file MIMEtype . Visit above link for more specifications.


I might have misunderstood your problem, but in order to be used at boot time, it needs to be in the initrd (initial RAM disk). It's not very hard to achieve, but it's a while since I did these things, so you're probably better of googling the howtos.


The aspcud is doing shit then I decided to use mccs as external solver.

configuration details are here :

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59448052/how-to-define-mccs-clingo-as-a-opam-solver-instead-of-aspcud/59459896#59459896


PlayOnLinux Adobe Air requires a version that is not available

Did some digging and it seems to be a problem with the package liblcms2 . For more information see here: https://www.playonlinux.com/en/issue-3015.html .

Try installing the 32-bit version of liblcms2 with:

sudo apt-get install liblcms2-2:i386

And then installing Adobe Air through Playonlinux.
Let me know how it works out!


Mount a NAS drive in ubuntu server - permission problems

Did you set the correct uid and gid ?

Find out with:

$ id -u
$ id -g

If 1000 was correct, adding file_mode=0644,dir_mode=0755 should help:

//192.168.1.108/Volume_1 /media/backup cifs credentials_nas=/home/MYNAME/.smbcredentials_nas,iocharset=utf8,uid=1000,gid=1000,file_mode=0644,dir_mode=0755 0 0


NVIDIA Acceleration Mysteriously Stopped Working; How to Trouble Shoot and Get Working Again?

I just noticed that you downloaded the 390 drivers from nvidia, but tried to reinstall the 384.

nvidia's installation procedure is weird, I have to re-read the installation instructions every few months, but if you follow them to the letter they should work. At least the CUDA part does, I have no experience with the display drivers.

After you've installed the 390 drivers, run sudo nvidia-modprobe and see what the error messages, if any, are.

I think the reason for the original failure is that the kernel was upgraded (automatically or not, it does not matter), and nvidia drivers need to be rebuilt. At least that's my usual failure mode with the CUDA drivers.


Try running the below commands taken from Bluetooth paired but not connected ubuntu 16.04.

sudo apt-get install pulseaudio-module-bluetooth
sudo apt-get install ofono
sudo apt install pulseaudio-module-bluetooth
pulseaudio -k
pulseaudio --start


Slow boot after upgrading to Ubuntu 20.04

Extremely slow ubuntu 18.04 boot time

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Improving_performance/Boot_process

Basically systemd is a mess so you can improve it but not much


Launching text editors with privileges without terminal

You could simply make the files accesible via the Unity launcher, adding a link to an icon in the Unity launcher, automatically entering the password via a script. I would however prefer the solution below.

I think the best solution to quickly access and edit password-protected files would be to add (lock) gedit (or any editor of your choice) to the launcher and edit its desktop file, adding a few entries, accesible by right-clicking.

To enter the password you need to install gksu first, then:

Copy the default gedit.desktop file to your local directory:

cp /usr/share/applications/gedit.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/gedit.desktop

Open the file with gedit (open gedit, go to ~/.local/share/applications, drop the file on to the gedit window)
Paste the following at the end of the file (in this example to open fstab file):

[Desktop Action fstab]
Name=edit fstab
Exec=gksu gedit /etc/fstab
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

Then look for the line starting with Actions=, add the name of your new mention (in this example fstab) + ;, so the complete line should look something like Actions=Window;Document;fstab;

After log out and back in, your files are accesible, you only have to enter the password.


dual boot issue : ubuntu has stopped working after installing win 7

You can download Ubuntu-Secure-Remix-64bit here: https://sourceforge.net/projects/ubuntu-secured/files/


(13.04) No laptop speaker output on HP ENVY dv7 Quad Core edition

I own a hp-dv7-7102ea which I believe is a very similar (but older) model so hopefully these instructions (which worked for me on linuxmint 15) should work.

how to make the speakers work

a system-wide equaliser if you still want to try and improve the sound even more :)

Also type "alsamixer" into the terminal to adjust the speaker and the subwoofer volumes.

Hope this helps! (Ps. read the comments on the FIRST link as they provide more detailed info which makes sure the headphone jack still works properly)

with thanks to CalcProgrammer1


What need do with 'ssh:Connection refused'?

In the guide you will see this step that adds

/usr/sbin/nologin

This actually prevents shell/terminal access. If you have changed your current username to a sftp only user account then you cannot use terminal ssh to login.

To clarify, unless you have another account that have ssh access you are not able to access remotely. Unless you are using service like DO which have local terminal access and you can login with root.


How can I verify that my graphics card is used correctly when playing games

Check the Additional Drivers app. If Nouveau is selected, Intel graphics are most likely being used for games and videos. You can switch to using NVIDIA by selecting one of the proprietary driver options and clicking Apply Changes.

There may be multiple versions to select. Ignore the -updates options, since those are experimental and not fully tested. Use them only if the other proprietary options don't work for you. If there are still a couple proprietary options, start with the newest version.

Once you install the proprietary drivers and reboot, you will be using NVIDIA, but full-time, meaning less battery life. You can open the NVIDIA X-Server Settings app, go to PRIME Profiles and switch to Intel, but that switches everything over, and requires you to relog.

As an alternative to the PRIME Profiles, there is an app called Bumblebee, which acts like the Windows NVIDIA Control Panel, allowing you to select which programs you want to run on which card. It should be available from the Software Center. Be aware, though, this program may not be very stable. I currently have it on my Ubuntu 15.10 installation and have no problems so far, but I haven't really tried it out. Other people have reported that it completely breaks the system or just doesn't work in the first place. It's a hit-or-miss situation. You're welcome to try it. Just don't get your hopes too high.


reading values from properties.ini and getting file not found

I think what you're seeing here is the result of how the source command . in the POSIX dash shell handles unqualified filenames - which appears to be different from bash (at least, when it is in non-POSIX mode):

In bash, the documented behavior for source (aka .) is:

  Read and execute commands from the filename argument in the current
  shell context. If filename does not contain a slash, the PATH variable
  is used to find filename. When Bash is not in POSIX mode, the current
  directory is searched if filename is not found in $PATH.

In other words, . (or source) searches PATH and then falls back to the current directory. For example, given

$ cat > foo.sh
#!/bin/sh

bar=foo

then

bash

$ echo "$bar"

$ . foo.sh
$ echo "$bar"
foo

However in dash the behavior is more like how executables are searched:

dash

$ echo "$bar"

$ . foo.sh
sh: 2: .: foo.sh: not found

i.e. it does not fall back to the current directory after searching PATH; you need to prefix the filename with ./ explicitly:

$ . ./foo.sh
$
$ echo "$bar"
foo

TL;DR change

. properties_${installation_target_machine}.ini

to

. ./properties_${installation_target_machine}.ini

or use #!/bin/bash in place of #!/bin/sh


bash prompt has become vim? How to reset?

edit: Read the post correctly

edit .bashrc and replace set -o vi on line 169 with set -o emacs.  If this does not exist (due to the resotre command you issued) you can either log out and back in or type . ~/.bashrc


Ubuntu 18.04 login loop, startx opens up blank screen

Try the following steps:

Press Ctrl + Alt + F3 and login into the shell.
Execute ls -lA

If you see the line

-rw-------  1 root root   53 Nov 29 10:19 .Xauthority

then you need to execute the following command:

chown username:username .Xauthority

and try logging in (you may also need to do the same for .ICEauthority).

Else, do

ls -ld /tmp

Check for the first 10 letters in the left: they should be: drwxrwxrwt

drwxrwxrwt 15 root root 4096 Nov 30 04:17 /tmp

Else, you would be required to execute this command:

sudo chmod a+wt /tmp

and check again.

If not both, I'd recommend you either execute: dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

or uninstall, reinstall it.

Now press Alt + → until you reach the login screen again, and restart.

Let us know the update via the comments section.


Ok, here was the issue :

I was logged with ssh -Y option, which enable trusted X11 forwarding, as described in man ssh :

 -Y      Enables trusted X11 forwarding.  Trusted X11 forwardings are not
         subjected to the X11 SECURITY extension controls

         (Debian-specific: This option does nothing in the default configuration:
         it is equivalent to “ForwardX11Trusted yes”, which is the default as
         described above.  Set the ForwardX11Trusted option to “no” to restore
         the upstream behaviour.This may hange in future depending on client-side
         improvements.)

Connecting without that option solved it somehow.


The idea you have seems legit but unnecessarily large and complex, rather you can use this:

#!/bin/bash
for file in *; do
    [[ -x $file ]] || chmod u+x "$file"
done

This will read all files (*) in the current directory
Then it will check if the file is executable by the user running the script ([[ -x $file ]])
If not (||), it will make the file executable for the user (chmod u+x "$file").

By default * will not match hidden files, to match hidden files also add the line

shopt -s dotglob

after the shebang line.

If you want to search and operate on only regular files:

#!/bin/bash
for file in *; do
    if [[ -f $file ]]; then
        [[ -x $file ]] || chmod u+x "$file"
    fi
done


Join custom Terminal shortcut with Unity launcher icon

Absolutely, but you don't need to create an additional launcher (.desktopfile) to do that. You can add the command: gnome-terminal --working-directory=/home/name/android/system to your existing gnome-terminallauncher as a quicklist item, available on right-click.

How to do that:

Copy your global .desktop file to the local directory ~/.local/share/applications:

cp /usr/share/applications/gnome-terminal.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/gnome-terminal.desktop

[An application's desktop file in ~/.local/share/applications "overrules" the global one. Unless you want the change to be available to all users, it is good practice to edit a local copy instead of the global one.]
Open the file with gedit:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/gnome-terminal.desktop

Replace the line, starting with: Actions=, by:

Actions=New;CM Terminal;

Add a section at the end of the file:

[Desktop Action CM Terminal]
Name=CM Terminal
Exec=gnome-terminal --working-directory=/home/name/android/system
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

Log out and back in and you your entry should be available on right-click

Note:
Looking at your .desktop file, by adding the line StartupWMClass=gnome-terminal, the launcher you created would "steel" the gnome-terminal windows from their original icon in the launcher. New terminal windows would appear under your (second) icon.


How to copy a folder from /home/kevin to /opt

You have to use the -r flag when copying directories, in other words,

sudo cp -r /home/kevin/compat-wireless-3.5-3 /opt

-r means the directory will be copied recursively, content first, then the directory itself.


How do I respond to a terminal prompt before it is asked?

Install expect and write an expect script that answers the prompts. This will look something like this (warning - not tested in any way):
#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn sudo apt-get -y install cuda
expect "first prompt:"
send "31\r"
expect "second prompt:"
send "1\r"
wait

where you need to substitute appropriate actual prompts instead of "first prompt:" and "second prompt:".
Look here for more information about expect:
https://www.slashroot.in/expect-command-tutorial-linux-example-usage
http://tcl.tk/man/expect5.31/expect.1.html
You may be also interested in autoexpect, which can generate a script automatically by watching your interactive session:
http://tcl.tk/man/expect5.31/autoexpect.1.html


VirtualBox - Samba, files starting with dot are read-only (i.e. .htaccess)

Finally solution is add hide dot files = no into smb.conf. So the config has this format:

[share]
   comment = PHP Share
   path = /var/www/html
   browsable = yes
   guest ok = yes
   read only = no
   create mask = 0755
   hide dot files = no

Now the files are not hidden and also they are not read-only.


I'm no expert, but you might need to install a 3rd party driver for your wireless card. The easiest way to do that is to go to Settings > Software & Updates > Additional Drivers and check if there is a wireless driver listed which you can enable.

Otherwise you may need to download the driver manually, in which case the documentation that comes with the driver may list troubleshooting information.

To find the name of your wireless card, open up a terminal and run:

sudo lshw -C


How to report a bug from a specific plasma widget?

Ubuntu packages

Ubuntu Packages Search: https://packages.ubuntu.com

Searching: plasma widget + bionic

Two hits: https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=plasma+widget&searchon=names&suite=bionic&section=all

Package plasma-widgets-addons has the timer: https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/plasma-widgets-addons -> https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/amd64/plasma-widgets-addons/filelist

Source name:  kdeplasma-addons

KDE Bug tracker

KDE Bugtracking System : https://bugs.kde.org/

Search first existing bugs (1)

Product: kdeplasma-addons (from the Ubuntu source)

Component: timer

(1) Timer bugs

Component: timer Product: kdeplasma-addons

https://bugs.kde.org/buglist.cgi?bug_status=open&component=timer&product=kdeplasma-addons


I seen one post where the user had a similar problem.   He corrected the problem by entering the bios setup and changing the HDD channel/port from IDE to RAID.   This corrected his problem.   I run Vista 32 bit and Ubuntu 12.04 x86_64 on my Inspiron 530.

I had no problems installing, however, my system is a dual boot.


run :

sudo apt-get install g++ freeglut3-dev build-essential libx11-dev \
    libxmu-dev libxi-dev libglu1-mesa libglu1-mesa-dev

and you will be fine. read more here


Running a python script for different files in subdirectories

If you want to run your Python script (let me call it myScript.py) on each *.grd file in all subfolders (recursively) of a given folder, then find is the right command to do it:

find . -name '*.grd' -exec python myScript.py {} \;

This command recursively finds each file in the given path1 with the name matching *.grd and calls python myScript.py <found .grd file>2 for each found file. You can test this by adding echo right after -exec, then it will just print the commands.

1 I used . in my example and you can use it, too, if you cd to the specified folder first. Otherwise, you can use any appropriate relative or absolute path here.

2 If your script is executable and has the correct shebang, you can leave out python and call myScript.py directly.

See also

How to Search for Files Recursively into Subdirectories
How can I recursively find a directory by name and delete its contents (including all sub-directories and files) while keeping the directory itself?


Never given option to install Ubuntu anywhere other than on the USB

The solution was to enable AHCI mode.

Following these instructions to first enable safe mode before shutting down and changing the mode, I was able to do it without needing to reinstall/restore Windows 10.

Finally have Ubuntu running alongside Windows 10 :)


How do I remap the keys to snap windows to the left or right

You can use CompizConfig Setting Manager for this (Download it using Apt if not installed).

Then under Categories you will find the Windows Management button. Here, click on Grid, and under the Bindings tab you want to modify the Left Maximize and Right maximize bindings. Click on the button and simply disable the need for ctrl from the binding.


How can I automatically switch off internal screen when an external screen is connected?

Automatically switch off your internal screen if an external screen is connected

This can be easily done by running a small background script (started automatically on startup (log in).

What it does

The script will automatically switch off your internal screen if your TV (or any other secundary screen) is connected. If you only want it to work for a specific external screen, please mention.

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time
# --- set your internal screen below (the example is my primary screen)
internal = "DVI-I-1"
#---

# don't change anything below
scr_info1 = 0

while True:
    time.sleep(4)
    # read the current screen setup from xrandr
    get_screens = subprocess.check_output("xrandr").decode("utf-8").splitlines()
    scr_data = [l for l in get_screens if " connected " in l]
    # count the number of connected screens
    scr_info2  = len(scr_data)
    # if the number of connected screens changes,
    # switch off the internal one if there are two screens
    if scr_info2 != scr_info1:
        if scr_info2 == 2:
            ext = [s.split()[0] for s in scr_data if not internal in s][0]
            subprocess.Popen(["xrandr", "--output", internal, "--off", "--output", ext, "--auto"])
    scr_info1 = scr_info2

How to setup

Copy the script below into an empty file, save it as switch_screens.py
In the head section of your script, set the name of your internal screen. To find out, open a terminal window and run the command xrandr (no external screen connected) The line with "connected" in it shows the name of your screen in the first string, looking like: VGA-1 or something like that.
Test- run it by opening a terminal window and typ the command:

python3 /path/to/switch_screens.py

While the script runs, connect your TV, wait for you internal screen to switch of and disconnect again.
If all works fine, add the command below to Startup Applications: open Dash > Startup Applications > Add. Add the command:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 15 && python3 /path/to/switch_screens.py"

Log out and back in. Now your internal screen is switched off automatically if an external screen is connected.


Gnome tweak tool won't start with user themes in gnome-shell

Similar question here

Howto:

Add the official Gnome Shell Extensions ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/gnome3
sudo apt-get update

Install dependencies:

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions-common

Afterwards, enabling on the link provided works fine.


Ubuntu 18.04.4 Bionic does not run any newly installed application

Turned out adding this comment solved the issue
sed -i -e 's@Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %U@Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %U --no-sandbox@g' /usr/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop


Do not believe that you really want to utilise ntfs-3g as your FS mount type, as this is on a Windows network, correct? If so, try utilising CIFS instead. My suggestion here is that since this is Droboshare, you may want to review this article, which also describes using CIFS as the FS type, not ntfs-3g.

Hope that helps. It is a simple FS type error, and if you follow that article, it should work.


Proxy problems after upgrade to Ubuntu 16.04 / Apt 1.2

Looks like a bug in apt 1.2.

I could resolve this by adding the following lines to /etc/apt/apt.conf as suggested here:
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=810796

Acquire::http::No-Cache true;
Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth 0;


Installing Ubuntu with Windows 8 Dual boot

yes.. you have done basic things to install Ubuntu.

but if you wish to run heavy application in Ubuntu such as video editing or such kind of heavy works, then it is good to create another partition for SWAP space. simple idea of swap space is that it behaves like a virtual memory when the RAM is full.you could shrink a partition of size as same as RAM or recommended is 1.5 times of RAM. I recommend you to create this swap space if you have plenty of free space in hard Disk.

and when installing Ubuntu, don't choose "install alongside with Ubuntu" option in setup.sometimes it makes problems. So choose "Something Else" option out there and proceed.

Good Luck


Following @Tachyons suggestion, I researched a LOT about pkexec and it is awesome!

It is part of PolicyKit, a widely used package.
Hosted and sponsored by freedesktop.org
Default in Gnome, Unity, MATE, Cinnamon, KDE, LXDE and XFCE, and possibly others
Works via D-Bus, so it's completely desktop-neutral, with a well-defined protocol.
In many DEs it is used in several services like login screen, shutdown/restart, disk management (udisks/automount) and so on.

So yes, it meets all requirements, and I guess it's the closest thing an "universal gksudo" can be.

That said, pkexecis the command-line front-end to PolicyKit. There are 2 basic modes of operation:

Simply run it as you would with sudo, and you get a nice GUI prompt:

$ pkexec rm -rf /

Or create a PolicyKit authorization file for you application, drop it in /usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d, and it will allow a great deal of customization and security-related options, for example root access for certain actions only, no need of password for others, access limited to certain paths, etc. You can fine-tune your settings with amazing granularity.


The information you've provided indicates that you have installed Ubuntu inside Windows with Wubi. Therefore, the boot loader whose menu you're not seeing is the Windows boot loader, and not GRUB (Ubuntu's boot loader).

You should be able to get the Windows boot menu to appear by pressing F8 while booting.

(If you had a similar problem, where you set Ubuntu's boot loader timeout to 0, then you would instead hold down Shift while booting.)


Format that USB in FAT32 format, try a different writter to make your USB bootable. When PC is starting enter your BIOS settings, if it still doesn't detect maybe the problem is the USB. Have you tried different USB drives?


OK, I got it back up and running.

I've now tried again with 751 instead of 750 and it appears to work.  I guess the 0 made all the libraries blind to the currently logged in user, since that folder is owned by root:root and I'm not a member of root.  Sudo (etc) depends on the libraries and there was no executable bit.  751 sets executable to the world, so that resolved it.  Am I going to run into other troubles with 751?   We'll see ;)


The x4650 worked perfectly in 10.04. I got printing to work but no luck with the scanner

For printing see this question.

The main instructions are outlined below:

Install fixed-lexmark-1.0-1.i386.deb
Run:

sudo chown -Rh root:root /usr/local/lexmark

Add printer with cups by going to http://localhost:631 in your web browser and giving your logon username and password as credentials.
Give this URL: socket://192.168.2.6:9100 (AppSocket/HP JetDirect )
Provide a PPD File: /usr/local/lexmark/08zero/etc/lx36-46.ppd (lx36-46.ppd)

Anybody got a fix for the scanner?


Ensure your external hard drive is connected, powered and mounted. If this is the case you should be able to view to files in Nautilus, the File Manager.

Then you should find the location of the folder you backed your files up to. Navigate there using Nautilus, such that you are in the folder with all the compressed backup files. Now press ctrl+L to bring up the current directory in text form. Now copy that directory.

Open the terminal (ctrl+alt+T) and type:
duplicity list-current-files "file://PasteLocationHere" > backuplist.txt

(to paste into a terminal right click and select paste or use ctrl+shift+V)

So for example it might look like:

duplicity list-current-files "file:///media/HD1TB/backup folder" > backuplist.txt

Now what we can do is open the file this just generated called backuplist.txt (by running the command gedit backuplist.txt or nano backuplist.txt) and this will tell us which directories we have backed up on our hard drive. Now what we can do is look down that list for a directory we want to restore and copy the directory. For example the file might look like this:

Local and Remote metadata are synchronized, no sync needed.
Last full backup date: Sun Jan  5 14:25:20 2014
Wed Feb 19 21:21:58 2014 .
Sat Jan  4 17:15:24 2014 home
Mon Mar  3 13:56:33 2014 home/jamie
Thu Feb 27 14:41:17 2014 home/jamie/Documents
Thu Feb 27 14:41:17 2014 home/jamie/Documents/important_form.odt
Thu Feb 27 14:41:04 2014 home/jamie/Documents/untitled1.txt
Thu Feb 13 08:29:22 2014 home/jamie/Desktop/Timetable.odt
Wed Feb 12 16:52:27 2014 home/jamie/Desktop/Timetable.pdf
Thu Feb 27 10:00:24 2014 home/jamie/test.py

And now we can choose one of those folders (say home/jamie/Documents) to restore. To do this, copy the directory you want to restore and run the command:

duplicity --file-to-restore "home/jamie/Documents/" "file:///media/HD1TB/backup folder" "/home/jamie/restoreFolder" --no-encryption (restoreFolder should not already exist before running the command). You should replace jamie with your user name (it's written in the terminal, something like: jamie@Cooper:~$ where it's userName@computerName:~$

Now if you open up the folder in your home directory called: restoreFolder you should see all the files from the folder you wanted to restore.


Where are the Xubuntu download verification check sums?

It's at http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/20.04/release/
The documentation page that points you to all hashes for all supported releases and flavors is https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuHashes


Internet won't work wired or wifi - Ubuntu 12.04

I think the network adaptors in the Dell require "non-free" firmware.

Try installing the linux-firmware-nonfree package.

If you have an alternate ethernet adaptor (e.g. USB<=>ethernet), then you can install it with apt-get.

Otherwise download the package from http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/core/precise/multiverse/updates/linux-firmware-nonfree and put it on a USB drive, then install it with dpkg.

See also http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2154459 - you may also need to remove the STA driver with these commands:

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-bcm43.conf
sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/broadcom-sta-common.conf
sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/broadcom-sta-dkms.conf


How to use one port for two applications?

https://ocserv.gitlab.io/www/recipes-ocserv-multihost.html

This link solved my problem but it needed some changes.

In /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg you should change two lines of default section from

mode http
option httplog

to

mode tcp
option tcplog

Also there is a line in this site's code which goes:

use-server server-vpn if vpn-app
use-server server-web if web-app
use-server server-vpn if !vpn-app !web-app

That didn't work for me and this way it routes all the traffic to server-vpn but after I commented the third line out I could make it work.


What happens when I use 'dd' to overwrite the disk from which Ubuntu is running?

Actually, the filesystem is still mounted, and some writes are buffered meaning they are still in RAM waiting to be written to the disk. Let's say dd correctly overwrites everything, and just behind it the buffers are getting flushed and some potentially sensitive data is getting written back to the disk. So no, this is not a secure way of wiping a disk.

You can avoid this issue by first remounting in read-only mode the root filesystem and any other filesystems that are on the disk (or unmounting them completely, but you won't be able to with the root file system), and then, no more writes should be allowed on the filesystems at all (so no buffers to flush) so your command should be safe now, even though it's still a bad idea in case of panic because it takes a long time.

If you want to have some sort of panic delete feature, I suggest encrypting your disk with LUKS (the Ubuntu installer can do that) and then following my answer over on Security Stack Exchange. This involves wiping the cryptheader which is only 2MBs in size and that takes less than a second to overwrite. Then restart the system and the disk encryption keys will be gone from memory, with no ways to restore them since the cryptheader itself is gone as well.


install ubuntu 18.04 in dell inspiron 3480

What is the message you receive when your computer doesn't boot?  Do you know if you installed GRUB as your bootloader, or are you letting Windows handle it.  GRUB will automatically configure a dual boot Ubuntu and Windows configuration. If your problem is that GRUB isn't working, you can try rebuilding it by dropping into a root terminal and using the update-grub command.

You can find out how to gain access to root terminal on an installation that doesn't boot here.

How do I boot into a root shell?

I hope this helps.


Dell Gateway 5000 with Ubuntu Core 16 doesn't identify sim card inserted in the slot

I had the same problem. The only thing I did, was to disconnect the cable power, and then connect it again.

I tried sudo power off, sudo reboot, pushing the button, but nothing worked, until I unplugged the cable.

I know it seems be some dumb, but it worked for me.


How to write to crontab using here document syntax >?

First create make a copy of your user's crontab file using:

crontab -l > ${USER}_crontab

then  you can easily work with username_crontab as it's a normal file, edit it or redirect anything to it in different ways.

For example append a new job:

echo '* 0/10 * * *  some command' >> ${USER}_crontab

then install the file using:

crontab ${USER}_crontab

You can also do it all in once like this:

cat <<< "* * * * *  cmd1" > my_jobs; crontab my_jobs

or:

cat > my_jobs <<E
* * * * *  cmd1
* * * * *  cmd2
E

crontab my_jobs


How to remove all versions of python except the default version so that Ubuntu doesn't break?

Gave up, just reinstalled Ubuntu. For anyone wondering, this is what the output of a fresh Ubuntu install should be:
whereis python

python: /usr/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python3.8-config /usr/lib/python3.8 /usr/lib/python3.9 /usr/lib/python2.7 /etc/python3.8 /usr/local/lib/python3.8 /usr/include/python3.8

Seems like it is the same, so most likely my problem wasn't with python but one of the libraries or what not. Being extra careful with virtual environments from now on.


It depends.

Once you've published a file, if you unpublish it and then re-publish it, it will get the same URL the second time as you did the first.

You can move it within a Ubuntu One "volume" (that is, the Ubuntu One folder or any other cloud-synced folders), and it will retain its public URL. You can modify the file and that, also, will keep the URL. However, if you edit it with an editor that renames the file, creates a new one, copies the content in and then deletes the original (as most editors do), and syncdaemon is running, it will see the rename and the delete and your public URL will refer first to the renamed file, and then will disappear.

This is an unfortunate side-effect of the way we're doing public files, and something we need to change, but right now this is what it is.


What to do after P2P-INVITATION-RECEIVED in wpa_supplicant?

I think you need a MAC address in your P2P_CONNECT command. The INVITATION likely came with sa=42:4e:36:d1:f4:b6 so you can PBC_CONNECT 42:4e:36:d1:f4:b6 pbc

You can add other things like group owner intent, authentication, high throughput, ...


Do the following below in order, and I think we'll be fine...

Install ISO to USB, which can be found here.
Execute ISO to USB on Windows 7
Direct the application at your ISO file
Select the drive where your USB is located
Choose your file system
Assign a label to your volume
Do Not check "Bootible". This only supports Windows ISOs
Check you've done all the steps above, then click "burn" when you're ready.

Now write these next steps down, you will need these.

Shut down your computer
When starting up your computer, press the hotkey for the BIOS menu (usually F8 or F12)
In your menu, press "boot options" or something along that line.
On your boot list, move the USB drive to the top, notably above the hard drive.
Escape and save all your actions

By now, you should booting off of your USB. Now complete regular installation procedures.


Bluetooth not detected in Ubuntu 18.04 on Dell Latitude E6230

Based on your output image, Linux doesn't seem to recognize any Bluetooth card. Your wifi card (intel 6205) does not have Bluetooth integrated. Dell mentions that there is an optional bluetooth chip that might be included (Dell Wireless 380 Bluetooth). You might want to open up the case and check whether or not the chip is physically present, and if it is properly connected. If the card works under Windows then it is likely the problem is a missing driver, and the card might not be fully supported on the kernel.

Personally, I believe the better option would be to replace the wifi card you have for another one, that has Bluetooth integrated. It is an extremely simple process. Simply open the back cover, and on the top left you will see the wifi chip, Unplug both antenna wires, unscrew the card and place the new one, placing the antenna cables in the same position and screwing it.

You only have to be careful to buy a card that has the same kind of connection. The card you want is a half height mini pci-e. The newer cards usually have an m2 connector, which you do not want. I personally recommend the Intel 3160 (note that it is available in both pci-e and m2 connectors. You want the pci-e). You can find it on ebay for 10 usd, and on top of having integrated Bluetooth it is also compatible with  ac wifi, which offer better speeds and are usually less congested. Intel wifi chip cards also are fully supported on the kernel, so you won't have any compatibility issues or have to mess with drivers. If you search on Intel's site you can also find other alternatives that are also compatible with your laptop.

If you decide to replace it, those videos might be of interest:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfzOwlRc5RM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7f1YmG3Jc0c


GParted can't make physical xfs partition smaller, but can make larger

This is a limitation of the underlying xfs tools (or even of xfs itself), not of gparted.
There is a command xfs_growfs (see man xfs_growfs), but no generic xfs_resize or xfs_shrinkfs. You can only expand an XFS, not shrink it.
See also

https://xfs.org/index.php/Shrinking_Support
https://linux.die.net/man/8/xfs_growfs

So you'll have to take an extra step to make a backup to external media (e.g. an USB disk), delete the existing partitions and create new ones, and then restore your backup.
While you are at it, you might reconsider your partition layout: With only two partitions it makes little sense to use an extended partition for the second one. This would also be an obstacle for resizing because you can't simply move the extended partition (/dev/sda2) backwards. Also, consider using the GPT partitioning scheme where you don't have to mess with extended partitions at all.
Since you will want to boot from that new /dev/sda1, you might also have to create a small BIOS boot partition where Grub2 (the bootloader) can embed itself; unlike ext4, xfs does not support that directly.


Invalid random wallpaper directory in awsetbg


Torrent box, Torrentwatch-x setup install help

I cannot help you with torrentwatchX. However, I did notice this product is no longer supported/being developed due to time constraints of the developer...

Since I don't know what you're trying to accomplish I can only give a possible hint...have you looked at flexget? It doesn't have a GUI (afaik) but works very nice with Transmission, rss-feeds and webpages.

Lots of info can be found on the combination of flexget and Transmission.


The solution has been given in this forum topic. The specific answer is buried somewhere in that thread. But I'll provide the steps here. However, that forum topic will keep you updated as things evolve. These steps allow the use of KDE dialogs with Firefox in Kubuntu 12.04 (other KDE distros are supported too -- see the forum topic).

My solution (given below) is the comprehensive solution. If the amount of detail here confuses you, see the forum thread or ask questions here.

First, you need to add a PPA to Kubuntu. I know of two suitable PPA's. blue-shell is the primary one, but alexey-ivanov is also available. Please check the forum topic (or do a search) to see if the PPA's mentioned here are still the best choices. (UPDATE: The replies below suggest that the alexey-ivanov PPA may be defunct now.) I expect blue-shell to remain a good choice because they are a significant KDE player.

Caveat: as long as there is a Firefox package in the PPA, it should be given priority over other (non-KDE) versions from Ubuntu (by default). But if there is no package in the PPA, the regular (non-KDE) Firefox will be installed. That generally makes KDE users unhappy.

There are several easy solutions for that minor annoyance. (You could even ignore the possibility mentioned in my caveat and take a simpler approach -- but I'm offering the comprehensive solution in this answer. I also discuss a couple of other options in the forum topic mentioned above.)

My recommended solution is to add both PPA's mentioned above. (Adding two is almost as easy as adding one.) If there is a problem with one PPA, the KDE-enabled Firefox can be pulled from the other PPA. The solution is not perfect, but it is reasonable. (Again, see the  topic for detailed discussion.)

Here is a URL relevant to each PPA along with code which can be executed in the terminal to add the PPA.

http://www.bluemintlinux.com/2012/08/kubuntu-gets-kde-support-in-firefox.html:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:blue-shell/firefox-kde
https://launchpad.net/~alexey-ivanov/+archive/firefox-kde:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:alexey-ivanov/firefox-kde

As mentioned, I added both PPA's to my system and I think that is a good strategy. But you can follow these instructions for just one of the PPA's by leaving out the steps related to the other.

Now set the installation priority of each PPA as follows:

sudo nano /etc/apt/preferences.d/blue-shell-firefox-kde-pin-1001

That file should contain this text:

Package: *
Pin: release o=LP-PPA-blue-shell-firefox-kde
Pin-Priority: 1001

Do the same for the other PPA if you added both:

sudo nano /etc/apt/preferences.d/alexey-ivanov-firefox-kde-pin-1000

Here's the text that goes in the 2nd file:

Package: *
Pin: release o=LP-PPA-alexey-ivanov-firefox-kde
Pin-Priority: 1000

Note that the Pin-Priority values are not the same. I gave higher priority to blue-shell. (If you only install one PPA, just use a value of 1000 for it.)

Now execute this code in a terminal:

sudo apt-get update

At this point you could install or update Firefox (using apt-get install). But I want to show another step that I include. Before running apt-get install I execute this command:

apt-cache policy firefox

The output will resemble this (with different version numbers, of course):

Installed: 16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1+ppa1
Candidate: 17.0+build2-0ubuntu0.12.04.2~ppa2
Version table:
 17.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 0
   500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main amd64 Packages
   500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main amd64 Packages
 17.0+build2-0ubuntu0.12.04.2~ppa2 0
   1001 http://ppa.launchpad.net/blue-shell/firefox-kde/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages
 *** 16.0.2+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1+ppa1 0
 11.0+build1-0ubuntu4 0
   500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages

The three asterisks above point to the one that's installed. "Candidate" shows you which one will be installed if you run apt-get install. Looking over this quickly will help you avoid any surprises (such as losing your KDE-enabled version of Firefox if a PPA is down).

Summary (tl;dr)

The first time you do this, use all these steps:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:XXXXXXXXXXX (as above)
edit the /etc/apt/preferences.d/XXXX file for each PPA (set priority)
sudo apt-get update
apt-cache policy firefox
sudo apt-get install firefox firefox-kde-support

For later manual updates, if you don't use automatic updates, do this:

sudo apt-get update
(optional) apt-cache policy firefox
sudo apt-get install firefox firefox-kde-support


Using grep and sed to make changes to a config.yaml file

try:

sed '
    /# DPS TPM provisioning configuration/,/#     registration_id: "{registration_id}"/{s/^#//}
' config.yaml

this uncomment every lines start with # by s/^#// within lines matching ranges specified in //,//.


Kubuntu 18.04: HDMI audio stops working after idle

Solved the issue, by reading up on DPMS here: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Display_Power_Management_Signaling#Disabling_DPMS

What ended up working for me was to disable DPMS through xset, with

  xset -dpms


This is a bug documented in launchpad:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/gwibber/+bug/259830


Unable to Load NGINX pages on mobile Devices

Found the issue after spending several hours tracing this down.

Awhile ago I was trying to use a Dynamic DNS service that had me install a web based program. It was using apache2 not NGINX which meant that it had to work together. Luckily Ajenti defaulted everything to NGINX and I didn't have to do anything.

When I changed DDNS providers, I uninstalled everything related. Apache2, BIND9, and all the config files. However, one remained. It was an index file that was marked hidden so I couldn't see it normally without "Viewing Hidden Files". Since I don't normally log into the server, I just use its samba share I almost would have never caught it.

Even though it was hidden, my server still used it and redirected mobile devices to a blank page hence why it wasn't loading. Once removed everything became 900% better.


Update frequency setting in Kubuntu 18.04

Believe it or not, try this:

right-click the upward pointing triangle on the system tray, next to the clock
select System Tray Settings
in the General tab, under Extra Items, deselect Updates
save the settings with Apply or OK


Forcing Zeitgeist to index Dropbox folder

Actually the Dash in 12.04 is also hooked up to "locate". If your Dropbox folder is in your home folder it should eventually be indexed by locate. If you don't want to wait for this to happen automatically (I don't know how long that would take) you can just run "updatedb" in a terminal to force indexing. Note that typically the locate database is owned by root, so you need to run sudo updatedb. Now even files not covered by zeitgeist should show in the Dash.

Source


Cant open second hard disk "permission denied"

sudo mount -t ntfs -o uid=<your user id>,gid=<Your group id> <HDD Device Name> <Target Folder to Mount>

You can get your user id and group id from /etc/passwd file. This is how my user's entry looks like in my /etc/passwd file. First 1000 is my UID and the second 1000 is my GID.

thefourtheye:x:1000:1000:thefourtheye,,,:/home/thefourtheye:/bin/bash

If you dont want to execute the mount command each and every time you boot up, just add that command in /etc/rc.local file.


Ubuntu login error although password is correct

This is a duplicate -- you can login to a text virtual terminal, (the guest session probably works), but your login fails.  Start deleting the "hidden" files in your home directory, starting with .Xauthority until you can login in.  Maybe just rename them so you can bring them back if you need them.  They are basically config files which would get recreated if needed.


screen freezes when i want to dual boot ubuntu 18.04 on my zenbook

I tried to write nomodeset before quiet splash and it worked.Then I installed ubuntu and when it was done I tried to update my video drivers using these commands in the terminal:

sudo add-apt-get-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-384 # or the latest driver

then I restarted my pc and now it works properly.


Why is the Ubuntu Touch browser reloading the web pages each time I select the tab?

I had this problem with my bq tablet as well. Turns out it was caused by this bug, which describes how the system "decides if it should close existing ones based on level of free memory available in the system.". This wasn't working very well, which is why it needed to reload every tab when switching. The bug should be fixed in OTA11.

After installing OTA11 on my tablet, it works a lot smoother than it did.. :-)

Really cool to see the system improving with every OTA update.


Enabling off workspace window positioning under GNOME/Compiz

Not that I know of, but if you have your workspaces set up in a horizontal row, you can set up hotkeys to shift a window to above/below workspace, you can shift a window to the top or bottom of the "cube". It is then "offscreen" and not visible in any of the four workspaces.

(For example, I have mine set to Super+Shift+Arrow to shift a window to another workspace without "following".)


If it is behind your router on a private home network, it is probably just fine. You would have to add port forwarding, etc to access it from the Internet. To secure it, you can look up removing default Samba shares. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Samba/SambaClientGuide


Can't connect to internet, Ubuntu 16.0.4.1 server

You have statically assigned IP to your guest network which is in the same subnet as your host. Thus you should use bridge mode instead of NAT adapter.

If you don't care about being in the same network as your host, then use DHCP for your guest interface instead of static and stay on NAT adaptor.


My Ubuntu Precise 64 Bit PC's Boot Time is Two Minutes. Isn't that too much? Any Idea?

It sure is too long... if it is an option, try updating to 13.04. I personally see massive improvements in startup and shutdown times. (For me startup is ~ 7-10 secs and shutdown is flat 2-3 secs.)

I am working on a normal disk ASUS K55VJ laptop with Intel graphics card working with NVIDIA 635M in optimus mode, 3rd gen i5 processor and 8 GB RAM


(Dual Booting) How Can I Make Windows Ignore Ubuntu EFI Partition

I also dual-boot Ubuntu and Windows using two separate hard drives.

The way I got everything to work properly was to install Windows without the Ubuntu drive pyhsically connected to the computer.  After Windows is installed, you can install Ubuntu onto just the one drive with both connected since Ubuntu lets you choose what disks to modify.

Hope this helps.


Configuring touchpad resolution with libinput

With all the different X implementations, The most reliable method is to set input device options is by using xinput as shown In this answer. In your case the "option name" you want to look for will be something like "resolution" depending how your device names the options.


Pinning GNAT to the version from Ubuntu 5.10

Please state your arch. I'd try rebuilding the gnat source package on your current Ubuntu. Based on a quick Google, and looking at eg https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gcc-3.4/3.4.3-9ubuntu4.1 it seems like it might work, but you won't know till you try. The dsc file on that page has:

Source: gcc-3.4
Version: 3.4.3-9ubuntu4.1
Binary: gnat-3.4-doc, lib64gcc1, lib64gcj5, libstdc++6-dbg, libgcj5-awt, lib32stdc++6-0, libgcc1, gcc-3.4-doc, libg2c0, g++-3.4, libstdc++6-0-dev, fastjar, lib32gcc1, libffi3-dev, libobjc1, libstdc++6-doc, g77-3.4-doc, libstdc++6, libg2c0-dev, libstdc++6-pic, libstdc++6-dev, cpp-3.4-doc, libgcj5-dev, gcc-3.4, libgcc2, fixincludes, lib64g2c0, gnat-3.4, gcj-3.4, lib64ffi3, g77-3.4, libgcj5, libffi3, gcc-3.4-hppa64, gpc-2.1-3.4-doc, libstdc++6-0-pic, lib64objc1, libgnat-3.4, lib32stdc++6, lib64gcj5-awt, lib64stdc++6, libgcj-common, gcc-3.4-nof, libstdc++6-0, gij-3.4, gobjc-3.4, treelang-3.4, gpc-2.1-3.4, cpp-3.4, libgcj5-common, gcc-3.4-base, libstdc++6-0-dbg, lib64gnat-3.4, gcc-3.4-soft-float, protoize
Maintainer: Debian GCC maintainers <debian-gcc@lists.debian.org>
Architecture: any
Standards-Version: 3.6.1
Build-Depends: libc6.1-dev (>= 2.3.2.ds1-16) [alpha ia64] | libc0.3-dev (>= 2.3.2.ds1-16) | libc0.1-dev (>= 2.3.2.ds1-16) | libc12-dev (>= 2.3.2.ds1-16) | libc6-dev (>= 2.3.2.ds1-16), libc6-dev-sparc64 [sparc], libc6-dev-s390x [s390], amd64-libs-dev [i386], ia32-libs-dev [amd64], libunwind7-dev (>= 0.98.3-3ubuntu1) [ia64], libatomic-ops-dev [ia64], m4, autoconf2.13, autoconf, automake1.4, automake1.7, libtool, autotools-dev, gawk, dejagnu (>= 1.4.3) [!hurd-i386 !kfreebsd-gnu !knetbsd-gnu], expect (>= 5.38.0) [!hurd-i386 !kfreebsd-gnu !knetbsd-gnu], bzip2, binutils (>= 2.15-5) | binutils-multiarch (>= 2.15-5), binutils-hppa64 [hppa], debhelper (>= 4.1), gperf (>= 2.7-3), bison (>= 1:1.875a-1) | bison (<< 1:1.50), flex, gettext, texinfo (>= 4.3), zlib1g-dev, libgc-dev [!avr !kfreebsd-gnu !knetbsd-gnu], xlibs-dev, gnat-3.3 [!arm !m68k !m32r !hurd-i386 !kfreebsd-gnu !knetbsd-gnu !netbsd-elf-gnu] | gnat-3.4 [!arm !m68k !m32r !hurd-i386 !kfreebsd-gnu !knetbsd-gnu !netbsd-elf-gnu] | gnat [i386 powerpc sparc], libncurses5-dev [!netbsd-elf-gnu], libgmp3-dev, tetex-bin [!netbsd-elf-gnu], locales [!kfreebsd-gnu !knetbsd-gnu !netbsd-elf-gnu !hurd-i386], procps [!hurd-i386 !kfreebsd-gnu !knetbsd-gnu], help2man [!netbsd-elf-gnu], sharutils, libgtk2.0-dev (>= 2.4.4-2) [!mips !mipsel !m32r !hurd-i386 !kfreebsd-gnu !knetbsd-gnu !netbsd-elf-gnu], libart-2.0-dev [!mips !mipsel !m32r !hurd-i386 !kfreebsd-gnu !knetbsd-gnu !netbsd-elf-gnu], g++-3.3 [!amd64], g77-3.3 [!amd64], gobjc-3.3 [!amd64], realpath (>= 1.9.12)
Build-Depends-Indep: doxygen (>= 1.3.9.1), graphviz (>= 2.0)

You'll need to install all the build dependencies first and then debuild binary or similar. This looks intimidating, but notice that most of the dependencies are >=, which means that more recent versions should work. Note also that | means or.

If you can't install all the build dependencies, you can try removing the ones you can't get from debian/control, and building anyway. The gcc build procedure it designed to be reasonably robust, and it fails, it will tell you what it is missing. For g++-3.3, g77-3.3, gobjc-3.3 try using the current versions and hope for the best. It is also possible to strip down the build process so that it only builds what is necessary for gnat, but this is quite a lot more complicated, so I don't suggest you go there.


Just go to your previous user's folder as root (launch sudo nautilus from Terminal). Inside, press Ctrl+H (will show hidden files and folders), Ctrl+A (will select them all), Ctrl+C (will copy to the clipboard). Then go inside your new user's folder and press Ctrl+V (paste). Answer Yes to the questions given to overwrite newly created files.

Then, open Terminal inside your home folder and type:

sudo chown -R new_user:new_user new_user/

Where new_user is your new user's name.

Next, I'm going to do this in terminal fully. My old name was hopungo and new is Danatela:

cd /home
sudo cp -r hopungo/* Danatela/
sudo chown -R Danatela:Danatela Danatela/
sudo rm -rf hopungo


It sounds like you enabled passwordless login (which is different from auto-login). This is controlled by membership of the nopasswdlogin group, so you should be able to disable it by removing your user from that group, e.g. using the command

sudo gpasswd --delete username nopasswdlogin


Download a file over an active SSH session

You may want to check out zssh, which is available in universe, and therefore available with

sudo apt-get install zssh

You need it on your ubuntu server and on your client, but basically when logged in with zssh, you just hit 'ctrl-@' and it brings up the "File transfer mode" which allows you to send files back down the pipe to your client machine, or upload them from client to server.

However, you don't have to re-auth or open a new window to scp.

If you're using ssh keys, and an ssh agent, you can quite easily do:

[enter]~[ctrl]-Z

Which will background ssh, and then just scp $!:/whatever/whatever .'

Once the file is transferred, fg to get ssh back.

If you aren't using ssh keys, you can still use the "ControlMaster" and "ControlPath" options added to recent OpenSSh versions, but that gets tricky, check man ssh_config


Image type backups have several problems:

They can not do daily/incremental backups
Most of them can not extract an individual file or set of files you realize you deleted/overwrote
They can not restore to a disk that is smaller than the original, even if there was plenty of free space
Restoring to a larger disk often requires extra steps to make use of the additional space

It is best to to stick with the tried and true methods:  tar and dump.  I use dump because it is much faster at backing up and extracting individual files than tar, and handles incremental backups better.  It also uses multithreaded compression, which is nice on today's multi core machines.  Either way, when making the backup, you need to shut down your services to make sure no files are being written while you make the backup.  If you use LVM then you only need to do this long enough to make a snapshot, then you can bring your services back online, and backup the snapshot.  Here is the script I have cron automatically run every night:

#!/bin/bash
set -e
declare -a LEVELMAP=(1 5 4 5 3 5 4 5 2 5 4 5 3 5 4 5 1 5 4 5 3 5 4 5 2 5 4 5 3 5 4 5)
DATE=`date +%-d`
LEVEL=${LEVELMAP[$DATE-1]}
echo Performing a level $LEVEL dump
#shutdown services here
sync
lvcreate -s -n snap devserv/root -L 500m
#start them back up here
dump -$LEVEL -quz9 -b 1024 -f /backup/dump.$LEVEL /dev/mapper/devserv-snap
lvremove -f devserv/snap

I make a level 0 ( full ) dump usually every ~6 months when I upgrade the server, then this script makes a level 1 dump ( all files changed since level 0 ) on the 1st and 17th of the month, and alternates between level 2-5 the rest of the days.

This means to restore the system I have at most 5 dumps to restore, sometimes less ( if the server dies right after the level 1 dump then you just need to restore the level 0 and 1 ), and I have several dumps stretching back over the last days, weeks, months I can go pull an old file out of if I need to, possibly multiple versions of it as it changed at different points.

If you don't care about having multiple points to go back and pull older files out of, a simpler alternative is to do a level 0 once every 6 months, level 1 every Monday, and level 2 every other day of the week.


I have similar laptop and I found the solution here: http://dev-loki.blogspot.com/2006/04/mapping-unsupported-keys-with-xmodmap.html

Basically you have the keycode and the next step is to map this code to a key symbol (keysym). To load automatically the binding at startup you have to create .Xmodmap file in your home directory. This file is being red by xmodmap when the X-Server is started.
Add the following line in .Xmodmap:

keycode 248 = F13

and save the file. To load the mapping manually for the first time run xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap in terminal. Now you can use the key to make a keyboard shortcut in Xfce.


Thank you oldfred for your comment.
Yes, Windows was hibernated.
I was able to use ntfs-3g to remove the hiber-file.
I then booted into Windows from Grub and turned off fast-boot.
Hardly notice the difference in boot speed with the ssd.

Everything works fine now.


Unable to dock TeamViewer in Ubuntu 18.04

Following Cannot add custom launcher to Ubuntu Dock (Add to Favorites) as suggested by pomsky, the following worked.
Get a list of existing favorites
$ gsettings get org.gnome.shell favorite-apps

['org.gnome.Terminal.desktop', 'jetbrains-pycharm-ce.desktop', 'spacefm.desktop', 'notepad-plus-plus_notepad-plus-plus.desktop', 'google-chrome.desktop', 'org.gnome.Screenshot.desktop', 'gnome-system-monitor_gnome-system-monitor.desktop', 'teams.desktop']

Locate where the desktop files are stored using one the listed favorites
$ locate org.gnome.Terminal.desktop

/usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Terminal.desktop

Search for desktop file of teamviewer at that lcoation
$ ls /usr/share/applications | grep teamviewer

com.teamviewer.TeamViewer.desktop

Add teamviewer desktop file to list of favorites
$ gsettings set org.gnome.shell favorite-apps "['org.gnome.Terminal.desktop', 'jetbrains-pycharm-ce.desktop', 'spacefm.desktop', 'notepad-plus-plus_notepad-plus-plus.desktop', 'google-chrome.desktop', 'org.gnome.Screenshot.desktop', 'gnome-system-monitor_gnome-system-monitor.desktop', 'teams.desktop', 'com.teamviewer.TeamViewer.desktop']"


USB drive - cp: cannot create regular file, Read-only file system

IF its a sd card look on the left side of the card there is a little switch to change it from read only so you can also write to it.


It will be challenging. Please see this Ubuntu Forums thread.

And here: Installing CISCO Linksys AE2500 Wireless Adapter in Linux

I suspect it will work in a 32-bit system only.


First off, let me point out that Ubuntu Server supports adding RAID partitions already during installation. But since you want to install Ubuntu Desktop, let's focus on that.

So if I got you correctly, you want the system itself to be installed on the SSD drive (not RAID), but your media files etc. on a RAID partition. So then, I would setup two partitions:

one normal partition on your SSD, say /dev/sda1, which is mounted on / (that is where your system resides);
and one software RAID partition (distributed on your four HDDs), say /dev/md0, which is mounted on /home (that is where your user's files reside).

Since Ubuntu Desktop does not support setting up RAID partitions during the installation process, I would proceed as follows.

Install a perfectly normal Ubuntu Desktop with a single partition on your SSD (plus, maybe, a swap partition that you could also install on your SSD - see this AskUbuntu thread for a discussion on swap partitions on SSDs; in a nutshell, it is fine).
Once your entire Ubuntu system is set up on your SSD drive, you still have four big empty HDDs there. From your new Ubuntu system you can now comfortably set up a software RAID using these four HDDs. For this, we will need two pieces of software: parted to partition your HDDs, and mdadm to set up your softwate RAID.

sudo apt-get install parted mdadm

Next we use parted to partition the four HDDs. Each HDD will contain a single partition. Let's say your four HDDs are known to the system as /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd, and /dev/sde. Issue the following commands to set up a single big RAID-ready partition on /dev/sdb. This will erase any data on /dev/sdb:

sudo parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt
sudo parted -a optimal -- /dev/sdb mkpart 2048s -8192s
sudo parted /dev/sdb set 1 raid on

Repeat the procedure for /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd, and /dev/sde. We intentionally leave 8192 sectors free at the end to avoid headaches if ever you come into the situation where you have to exchange one of the HDDs, to compensate for small size differences that exist between drives. We intentionally leave 2048 sectors free at the beginning to guarantee an optimal alignment.

Now that we have four big equally-sized partitions, we're all ready to create a software RAID. We will use the mdadm utility for that. There are excellent (and detailed) tutorials in the Internet on how to do this, so it wouldn't make sense for me to write that up here. Instead, I recommend this ArchWiki article which explains how to do it. It is aimed at Arch Linux, but it will work on Ubuntu just fine, and you'll learn a lot of things along the way. (There is also this ubuntuusers article which is good and aimed specifically at Ubuntu, but it is in german - however you could use Google Translate if you like, and, anyway, the commands are universal; sorry, the corresponding article on the english page is, surprisingly, outdated). Mainly, you need to (a) assemble the RAID array using mdadm, and (b) format the RAID filesystem with your favorite filesystem type, using a tool such as mkfs.ext4.
Finally, you want to mount your /dev/md0 device on /home, and make that persistent. That way, in the future, all your home directories will be on the RAID, while your system resides on your SSD!

a. First, make sure that you can mount your RAID:

sudo mkdir -p /mnt
sudo mount /dev/md0 /mnt

If that works fine, unmount it again:

sudo umount /mnt

...now we are only left with making this our future /home. Since we will fiddle around with /home here, I recommend not being logged in as a user in X.

b. Log out from your X Session (such that you're back at the graphical login screen).

c. Type Ctrl+Alt+F1

c. Log in as your normal user on this non-graphical login screen.

d. Issue the following set of commands:

sudo mv /home /home.bak
sudo mkdir /home
sudo mount /dev/md0 /home
sudo rsync -av /home.bak/ /home

Make sure you don't miss the slash at the end of /home.bak/. Do type /home.bak/ and NOT /home.bak. The subtleties of rsync... You can delete /home.bak some day in the future, but there's no hurry. Let's first make sure everything works fine.

e. Type Ctrl+Alt+F7 to get back to the graphical login, and, well, login to make sure it's all working :)

f. If everything is fine, the last thing to do is to make the changes persistent, so that your /home will always be your RAID in the future. Open /etc/fstab with your favorite text editor as root. For instance, type

sudo nano /etc/fstab

Add the following line (assuming you used ext4 as a filesystem, otherwise change accordingly):

/dev/md0     /home      ext4      defaults 0 2

That's it! Have fun with your media server :)


Multi-page Static Website to PDF/CHM/Other Converter

You should give a try to htmldoc. htmldoc will help you to convert html source files into html, postscript, or pdf

To install htmldoc use

sudo apt-get install htmldoc

You can provide a list of files/URLs as input that can be converted to PDF.