Steps to install terraform on Ubuntu / Ubuntu cloud server :

Install unzip

sudo apt-get install unzip

Confirm the latest version number on the terraform website:

https://www.terraform.io/downloads.html

Download latest version of the terraform (substituting newer version number if needed)

wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/0.12.18/terraform_0.12.18_linux_amd64.zip

Extract the downloaded file archive

unzip terraform_0.12.18_linux_amd64.zip

Move the executable into a directory searched for executables

sudo mv terraform /usr/local/bin/

Run it

terraform --version


Radio images for android 4.3 can be found here.

Download only the radio image and flash it. To flash it, copy radio.img to your device, reboot to BOOTLOADER and run the following command:

fastboot flash radio (radioimagename).img

(radioimage name is the name of the file you just downloaded and copied to your device)

Reboot again to Ubuntu after flashing the image. Everything should work. It did for me.


Stuck at Grub Recovery after trying to delete and expand some partition using GParted

You deleted your /root partition. So your system can't find it during boot. You have to make a new root partition and then install the system again.


How to resolve package dependencies after failed upgrade to Ubuntu 18.04?

I found a very easy solution to that problem: I installed aptitude. As my packet management was blocked by the above mentioned conflicts I had to do so, by manually grabbing the package and all its dependencies from here: https://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=aptitude

You can simply install them, by putting them all in a custom folder an execute:

dpkg -i *.deb

After this was done, I could solve the conflicts by:

sudo aptitude upgrade

Holly cow! Great experience!


How can I run a script when click on soft-link to directory on other partition?

You could use a script similar to this one

#!/bin/bash

mount | grep /dev/sda5 || gksu mount /dev/sda5 /path || zenity --error --text="Failed to mount"
ln -s -f "path1" "path2" || zenity --error --text="Failed to make link"

mount get list of mounted nodes
| grep /dev/... filter previous output of looking only for target device
|| gksu mount /dev/sda5 /path if previous command fails, it means it is not mounted then mount it. BTW, remove gksu if you don't need superuser power to mount.
|| zenity --error --text="Failed to mount" Raise an error message if previous command fails.

The 2nd command, seems simpler then the 1st.


Does it matter where I generate my ssh key pair?

Should be stored locally in ~/.ssh .

Should be transfered to server with ssh-copy-id .

Example ssh-copy-id -i key_name user@server , change name of key, user name, and server name to match your user/server .

See http://bodhizazen.com/Tutorials/SSH_keys or ssh documentation for details.


share folders between two Ubuntu 12.04 machines

At first, to share folder between Ubuntu machines: choose folder -> right click -> folder sharing(or in file Properties).

If your computer isn't shown in Browse Network, maybe your network isn't configured right way. But anyway you can try the next:
open nautilius, press Ctrl+L, and put smb://ip.address(change ip.address with ip of PC you wanna connect to, like smb://192.168.1.1


I think you have the ln -s 'source' and 'target' the wrong way round

WRONG:

sudo ln -s /var/www /home/USER/code

RIGHT:

sudo ln -s  /home/USER/code /var/www

you will end up  with a symlink in your /home/USER/code folder pointing to var/www which is wrong.

For example, I have a folder for sally's site in /home/webs/sallybydesign/

cd /var/www

There should be no folder or file called sallybydesign in /var/www because we are about to make one.

 sudo ln -s  /home/ndmaque/webs/sallybydesign /var/www/sallybydesign

to see the new file (a symbolic link)

ls -l

you will see a file called sallybydesign, it is a symlink to your home/webs/sallybydesign folder and if you run

ls sallybydesign/

you will see the files in your home/webs/sallybydesign folder.

If so you can point your vhost file at /var/www/sallybydesign and it will automagically inherit all the apache /var/www permissions and solve a shed load of issues.


Restrict Nvidia GPU access to certain users

No other instruction worked for me also so we can put commands to do stuff after reboot.
For instance to limiting only second card put commands in /etc/rc.local:

chmod 660 /dev/nvidia1
chgrp cuda /dev/nvidia1

Other users not in group cuda will not even see device with nvidia-smi.
Further instructions to use /etc/rc.local:

After upgrade to 16.04 LTS rc.local is not executing a command
https://www.linuxbabe.com/linux-server/how-to-enable-etcrc-local-with-systemd


mysql -h slow ?? how I can correct this?

Try adding the following line to your MySQL configuration file

skip-name-resolve

For Windows:
my.ini(Mysql installation location )

For Linux:
my.cnf(/etc/my.cnf)

The ‘[mysqld]‘ section of the my.cnf file now looks like this after the changes:

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-locking
skip-name-resolve

Now restart the mysql service and you can find some improvement in the performance for remote mysql server.

Hope this helps!


How can I tell GNOME to execute a custom command, CLI-style?

Ideally you should create a Nautilus script to perform this task.
A Nautilus script is a well-defined way to perform complex tasks in GNOME.

For more on Nautilus scripts with examples, see
http://g-scripts.sourceforge.net/

You would like to see the File Management scripts at
http://g-scripts.sourceforge.net/cat-filesysmgt.php

Here is what you need,

#!/bin/sh
# Author : Your Name <me@gmail.com>
# Date : 01/01/2011
# depends: none
# version 0.1
# This script copies a file to a specific directory
# Copy this script in your ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts directory

cp $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS /home/myuser/mydirectory/
exit 0

The beauty with this is that you can select multiple files and it still works.

If you want something a bit more complex than that, see
http://blog.sriunplugged.com/shell-scripting/send-to-in-linux/


How can I add a backslash before all spaces?

tr can't do multiple characters. Use one of these instead:

sed

echo "$line" | sed 's/ /\\ /g'

or

sed 's/ /\\ /g' <<< "$line"

Perl

echo "$line" | perl -pe 's/ /\\ /g'

or

perl -pe 's/ /\\ /g'<<< "$line"

Perl also has a nifty function called quotemeta which can escape all odd things in a string:

line='@!#$%^&*() _+"'
perl -ne 'print quotemeta($_)' <<< $line

The above will print

\@\!\#\$\%\^\&\*\(\)\ _\+\"\

You can also use printf and %q:

%q  quote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input

So, you could do

echo "$line" | printf "%q\n"

Note that this, like Perl's quotemeta will escape all special characters, not just spaces.

printf "%q\n" <<<$line

If you have the line in a variable, you could just do it directly in bash:

echo ${line// /\\ }


Night mode has disappeared from Ubuntu 20.04

At least I found a workaround: Setting the time for the night mode 00:00–23:59 instead of 00:00–00:00 as it had been before makes it work again (after reboot). I am glad! Even during daytime, it is considerably less stressful to my eyes.


Kernel Panic With Cheap Wi-Fi Usb Adapter

I have a device with the same device ID 148f:7601, and I suffered the same problem.
I'm not an expert, but I've found out that Victor Martinez solved the problem.
(I'm writting this post right after my computer connects to a wifi network!)

You can download the modified driver from here.
After downloading it, follow the below instructions to compile and install:

$ cd Downloads
$ tar -xzf \~victored-+junk-mt7601U-linux-driver-64bit-r2.tgz
$ cd \~victored/+junk/mt7601U-linux-driver-64bit/
$ sudo make
$ sudo make install
$ sudo modprobe mt7601Usta

I've tried it on Ubuntu 14.04 64bit, with version 3.13.0-24-generic kernel (a kernel in the Ubuntu install DVD)
I think 64bit kernel can get the kernel panic problem.


You can likely just kill the process.

killall -9 mysqld

http://anothermysqldba.blogspot.com/search/label/--skip-grant-tables


Where can I find the latest nightly build of the development version?

Here are the links:

Live CD - http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/
Alternate CD - http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily/current/


Set nomodeset in usb installation (efi loader with iso)

The following instructions are from https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootOptions  :

As the CD boots, the user can gain access to the advanced page and its options by pressing any key when the small logo appears at the bottom of your screen:

Here is the Advanced welcome page:

Hit F6 to get Other Options, and choose nomodeset from the dropdown menu.


The gdisk message about Found invalid GPT and valid MBR... most likely means that the disk used to contain a GUID Partition Table (GPT), but it was converted to use the older Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioning scheme by a tool that was either GPT-unaware or that did an incomplete job of wiping out the GPT data structures. If I had to guess, I'd say that the computer came pre-installed with Windows 8 or later -- most such computers boot in EFI mode and so would have used GPT. You then re-installed Windows in BIOS mode, which converted the disk from GPT to MBR form in an incomplete way. (The Windows tools will do this.)

Running the disk in this way is mostly OK, but can lead to confusion, and in an extreme case you might end up trashing the disk. You can remove the stray GPT data with fixparts, which comes with Ubuntu. See here for details -- search on GPT signatures detected for the relevant section.

Caveat: There's a very slim chance that something else has caused this discrepancy. For instance, if you'd been booting in EFI mode prior to your crash and something wrote out the partition table in MBR form, it could be that you'd see similar results. This doesn't seem very probable, though. If it is what happened, then using fixparts to wipe the stray GPT data would be making matters worse. For this reason, and because an attempt to restore the system to bootability might also be damaging, I strongly recommend you back up the disk, or at least your important user files, before doing anything else.

The stray GPT data isn't your main problem, though; you say you can't boot. As the computer seems to hold nothing but Windows, that's fundamentally a Windows problem, so you should ask about it on a Windows forum. (I see no evidence of an Ubuntu installation on the disk, although you've obviously used Linux tools to gather the disk information.) If you also have an Ubuntu installation, please clarify where it's installed, as that might be important. It's probably best to remove the stray GPT data before you attempt a repair, in case the GPT data would confuse the Windows repair tools or any other utility you might try to run.


how to block ftp connection with ufw or iptables

sudo ufw deny ftp assuming you have standard ports should achieve what you requested without falling back to iptables
sudo ufw allow ftp to reverse or have I misunderstood?


It seems you're not allowed to use cron.
In that case, you could use an infinite loop calls this function in the background and then sleeps for x minutes:

while true; do speedtest & sleep 60; done

Just make sure to sleep long enough so that the current speedtest call terminates before the sleep is over, to avoid multiple instances of the process running in parallel.

If you don't want to keep a terminal open with this running,
you can do this in a screen or tmux session.


How can I get HDMI sound to work in 16.04?

Actually I finally solved this.

It turned out to be pulseaudio was using the wrong sample rate.

Following the advice in tom.ty89's 2016-01-11 08:37:45 post, my sound suddenly came alive...

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=207085

Thanks anyway!


Wireless adaptor no longer works on ubuntu

See:
http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/kernel/rtl8812au-dkms
https://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/core/xenial/universe/base/rtl8812au-dkms

This kernel module is an ubuntu package, you can install it or reinstall it to rebuild it for your kernel if it gets updated:

If the package is not installed:

sudo apt-get install rtl8812au-dkms

If the package is installed and your kernel version changes:

sudo apt-get remove rtl8812au-dkms

and then:

sudo apt-get install rtl8812au-dkms


How do I get cmatrix to turn on after a certain period of inactivity in console?

cmatrix is really intended as a CLI tool. I'm not sure you can easily turn it into a screensaver.

An alternate option it to install:

sudo apt-get install xscreensaver-gl

and then select:  GLmatrix

reference1:  http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2052562
reference2:  if you're running gnome/unity might be needed.  How can I change or install screensavers?


I get a "no default or ui configuration directive found" on boot

There are possible two causers for this:

Cause 1: The flash drive is formatted with NTFS or FAT32
Solution: Format it using FAT16 (or only FAT).

Cause 2: There is a folder /isolinx and the files /isolinx/isolinux.bin and /isolinx/isolinux.cfg on your flash drive
Solution: Just rename all the above folders and files to syslinux


Adding a network folder to Clementine library

Just found this post before but found easier solution for Ubuntu 12.10.

So to share for anyone else looking...

Ubuntu stores network shares as a folder in /run/user/<user-name>/gvfs/<share-name>

In Clementine just add that share folder.
Saves a lot of time.

In 12.04 I think it is /home/<user-name>/.gvfs/<share-name> but not sure if Clementine will see hidden folders worth a shot though.


Cannot mount, partition, format brand new USB

Using gparted, select your USB disk in the right top drop-down.

Please be careful, since the next step will remove any data in your USB stick.

After that, unmount any active partitions and go to Device > Create Partition Table.... Then select msdos and Apply.

Finally, create a new partition using the filesystem you want (usually FAT32) and Apply All Operations.


traceroute is not installing on ubuntu 18.04 LTS

UPDATE:

Your apt package manager is having trouble, you need to run:

sudo apt install -f
sudo apt autoclean

to check for broken installations and clean-up your apt package manager.

You should consider restarting your computer (depending on what apt fixed).

Now you can choose to use the tracepath package (preinstalled in linux) like this:

tracepath google.com

Or install Universe packages traceroute & net-tools with:

sudo apt install -y net-tools traceroute


Where is Prozilla download manager? Who is its developer?

Prozilla has had almost no development for a couple years now except for totosugito moving the code to github. I am not aware if he is the original developer or not or what involvement at all he has had with the project. However with that said, the last update on the github page was a year ago.

I would suggest you check out uGet and you can find the Downloads for Ubuntu here. uGet is the #1 Open Source Download Manager for Linux so it is certainly worth looking into.


Wubi doesn't like hard resets. Use AltSysRq  R-E-I-S-U-B to safely reboot.

In general, I'd advise:

Boot windows and run chkdsk /f on the 'drive' containing Ubuntu. If it's the C:\ 'drive' you'll have to reboot to let it complete.
Try booting again. If it hangs, then safely reboot, and retry editing the first grub menu entry pressing E, remove the text quiet splash, hit CtrlX to boot, and then see where it is hanging.
You may have to boot a live CD and fsck the virtual disk \ubuntu\disks\root.disk, but first see whether you can find out some more details about the problem.

If you find any information that you think will help, please update your question with the details, and I'll update this answer if there is anything to add. Also please report your graphics card and whether you've installed any custom drivers.


Dual boot Windows 10 and Ubuntu GNOME, GRUB not loading

Have you tried Boot-Repair?

I had the same problem while dual-booting. In my case, i had lost the grub totally.

so make make a bootable ubuntu pen-Drive and boot into it.
go in live mode. and follow the instructions Here

It worked fine for me. (wanted to comment this but too low rep.)


sudo runs commands. Just do:

sudo -i mkdir qq

You don't need a special option like with su.


How to let Skype start silently without welcome screen?

Select Options and check the "Start Skype minimised in the system tray" option.


How to don't show SAMBA authentication window for Anonymous user?

Samba 4 made changes to how it deals with passwords so you will always have to pass credentials when accessing a share even if it means using anonymous for public shares.

If you think about it it is doing exactly what Windows does in this situation. When Windows accesses a share it automatically - and without the users knowledge - passes the users current username and password to the server. If there is no match on the server the user is designated a "guest" and if the share permits it will gain access to the share. The point here is that Windows always sends a user name and password to the server.

Samba thinks this automatic passing of local user names and passwords is goofy so it will prompt you for it instead - even if it means selecting "anonymous"

For a frequently used share you only have to do it once:

For Connect As: use guest

For Password: use xxx

Then select Remember forever


How can I connect to a server via SCP in Lubuntu 15?

PCManFM supports mounting of network file shares.

In the main menu, select Go > Connect to Server...

I'm not familiar with WinSCP, but I assume it uses SSH. To mount an SSH share, select SSH and fill in the appropriate information, including at least the host, port (if other than 22), and user.

Enter your password and how long you'd like to remain connected:

And you're in! You can browse your files, and open/delete/edit/move them (assuming you have appropriate permissions), all within PCManFM.


How can I remove the first dash of the menu?

You don't say which version of Ubuntu you're using. It has been removed in the development version of Unity, and it won't be used in 12.04. Or rather; it has been altered to work like the other lenses, only with different types of categories. The big buttons are gone.

It is possible that you can install it in your version of Ubuntu, from a PPA, but I would rather recommend that you wait until you're comfortable with it and upgrade to 12.04.


Not finding source directory following a package installation with PPA in Ubuntu 16.04

From man apt-add-repository, to enable a PPA's source packages you can add the -s option to your command:

-s,  --enable-source  Allow downloading of the source packages from the repository

so it would become

sudo add-apt-repository -s ppa:subsurface/subsurface

You should then be able to download the source into the current directory in the usual way, i.e. using

sudo apt-get update
apt-get source subsurface

(or just `apt source subsurface) on newer systems).

Alternatively, find the PPA source.list file (usually in /etc/apt/sources.list.d) and add corresponding the deb-src line manually.


First try and install BURG. Mostly it should work.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/burg
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install burg burg-themes
sudo burg-install "(hd0)"

Actually, that is what the final code is. It took me a while to understand what to put instead of HD0. So I just put in "/dev/sda" and it worked out fine.
Reboot to see if the problem continues.
Otherwise, do this. Copy "/etc/burg/burg.cfg" to your desktop. Then run this code:

gksu gedit /etc/burg/burg.cfg

Look for something like "menuentry". If there is some Ubuntu related one, and none with Windows, then copy the Ubuntu one and paste it right below it. And then change the name with Windows and Partition name with the one that you have Windows on.
Nothing will go wrong, as you are not modifying the Ubuntu's menuentry. So you will still be able to log into Ubuntu, even if you are not able to boot into Windows. In case you are not, then boot into live CD and run Boot Repair.
Hope I help!


Having issue with installing sdformat8-sdf on bionic 18.04

Answer to your question consists of three steps:

Many packages related to Gazebo need universe pocket, so you have to enable it

sudo add-apt-repository universe

Install Gazebo as you already tried

curl -sSL http://get.gazebosim.org | sh

Then after installation you possibly get the following error message:

  $ gazebo
  gazebo: symbol lookup error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgazebo_common.so.9: undefined symbol: _ZN8ignition10fuel_tools12ClientConfig12SetUserAgentERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE

it was documented on their BitBucket, to apply the fix you need to run

sudo apt upgrade libignition-math2


How to turn off Software Updater pop up notification?

How to turn off Software updater? (Xubuntu)
the answer given that unchecks the Update Notifier under "Startup Applications" is the one that I would use. I had to check "show hidden" to see it...


Ubuntu One wont connect with an authentication failure

There's a bug filled for this issue, according to some comments in the report the solution is to change the timezone.


Forbidden You don't have permission to access /UI on this server

in your appache conf file, you do not declare access to /UI, you need to add a Vblock such as :

<Directory "/UI">
  AllowOverride None
  Require all granted
</Directory>


You may have just "hidden" the menu. "Slap" (bounce your cursor into) the mouse (cursor) into the top-left corner of the screen, and see if it pops up / appears.
If it is indeed "lost", someone else more savvy than I may be able to answer this. Good Luck!


How do I set wait_timeout to unlimited in mysql?

Edit my.cnf (the MySQL configuration file).

sudo vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

Locate the timeout configuration and adjust it to fit your server.

[mysqld]
wait_timeout = 31536000
interactive_timeout = 31536000

Save the changes and exit the editor.
Restart MySQL to apply the changes as follows:

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart


ufw firewall disabled - How to turn it back on?

The command to enable the firewall is

$ sudo ufw enable
Firewall is active and enabled on system startup
$ _

You can disable the firewall with

$ sudo ufw disable

You can check the current status of the firewall with

$ sudo ufw status
Status: active
$ _


Rather than just reinstalling Dropbox, you could try Unlinking and Relinking your account.

If the Selective Sync button is still not not working after that, you can exclude the folder(s) you don't want to sync to your device by using the command line.

From the command line dropbox help exclude will give you the options.

  dropbox exclude [list]

  dropbox exclude add [DIRECTORY] [DIRECTORY] ...

  dropbox exclude remove [DIRECTORY] [DIRECTORY] ...

  "list" prints a list of directories currently excluded from syncing.
  "add" adds one or more directories to the exclusion list, then
  resynchronizes Dropbox.
  "remove" removes one or more directories from
  the exclusion list, then resynchronizes Dropbox.
  With no arguments,
  executes "list".

  Any specified path must be within Dropbox.

Therefore, open a terminal and type:

cd ~/dropbox

dropbox exclude add ~/dropbox/YOURFOLDER

and then confirm your actions with

dropbox exclude list

A list of excluded folders will appear:

Excluded: ../../../root/Dropbox/YOURFOLDER


I feel the same way about recursive search so here is a fix for newer versions of Ubuntu:

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences enable-interactive-search false

Nautilus should immediately show a change in behavior.

Please let me know if this doesn't work for you, thanks!


It's possible you are being affected by a known bug in the Ubuntu 18.04 version of systemd-networkd, for which a fix is in progress. https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/systemd/+bug/1812760


wifi keeps dropping on Lenovo U430 touch - Running Ubuntu 13.10

I think that this is only a workaround. I have a Lenovo U430 too, with the Centrino wireless 7260 wireless card and I have the same problem.
Wireless connection works on Ubuntu 13.10 out-of-the-box but about every 10 minutes the connection is lost. By resetting it with the network manager (disable and re-enable) the wifi works again, at least for another 10 mins.

Have you some tips about 7260 driver?
As previously said, Ubuntu 13.10 uses 3.11.0-13-generic kernel..

Thanks,
Luca


8 GB sd card with ubuntu 14.04 installed showing as 4 GB only

Try to GParted to recover lost partition This will help you


What does the term "Extended Partition" mean? Is it safe to use this type of partition?

A traditional partition table like yours can have maximum of four primary partition.
That means you can't have more than four drive. Concept of extended partition solves this problem.

An extended partition is a special type of partition that can hold multiple logical partitions. It's is like a container/wrapper of all logical partitions. Inside an extended partition you can create many logical partitions (this solves the maximum number of drives limitation).

Primary partitions are generally used for installation of operating systems. However, logical partitions can also be used (for eg. your Ubuntu is installed on an extended partition)

In your hard disk you have three primary partitions :

Windows (385GB)
Extended partition (where Ubuntu is installed)
Recovery partition.

In a word, your partition table is 100% alright. :)


Boot from external hard drive and access internal hard drive?

To boot your external hard drive, you can set it as first hard drive in BIOS, or try hitting F12, (or similar), when booting, to get an option to boot it.
Once it is running you can access the internal drive using Files, (the file manager like app).


Open screen and run some projects and applications

You can do the following

screen -S "DjangoRunservers" -d -m

#Do this if you don't want the first screen window to be blank
#screen -S "DjangoRunservers" -X stuff 'python /var/opt/project1/manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8001^M'
#Note: You get ^M by hitting Ctrl-V and the Return

screen -S "DjangoRunservers" -X screen python /var/opt/project1/manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8001
screen -S "DjangoRunservers" -X screen python /var/opt/project2/manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8002
screen -S "DjangoRunservers" -X screen python /var/opt/project3/manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8003

To launch python server in a detached screen.

On my Mac, to run eclipse from the terminal I have to do it like this

/Applications/eclipse/eclipse

I'm guessing it is the same with Skype too.


cannot unblock wifi hard block with anything on Lenovo x230t

if you have the realtek NIC then you should try this tape trick to mask a pin only after the problem still persists after trying the other solutions such as unblock command. In my laptop the same problem had occurred and I myself applied the trick and since then my WiFi works like charm.


As the_Seppi stated, using the the bootrec.exe /fixboot and /fixmbr should work. Sometimes the boot flag can be removed from the partition to boot from. Try creating a live USB of GParted and look for the following:

You will notice that the boot flag is on my 2GiB boot partition. If you do have to add the boot flag back, reboot back into recovery mode for Windows and then run the bootrec commands again and see if that works.


Unable to install14.04 on Toshiba Satellite L40D-B

I have also faced this same problem on my HP laptop.First install ubuntu 12.04 with secured boot turned off.You must have to be connected with internet while installing 12.04.So that it can able to download and install new packaged.Unless it shows error in grub install.
After the 12.04 installation is completed you can easily able to upgrade to ubuntu 14.04.
For ubuntu 12.04 to ubuntu 14.04 upgrade use the below link
http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/upgrade-ubuntu-14-04-12-04


Please check, if the gdm-service is running:

sudo systemctl status gdm

(This service handles graphical user logins.)
If not, try to start it with following command:

sudo systemctl start gdm

Now you should at least be able to log in into GNOME.
If so, open up a terminal (if possible) and enable the gdm service, that you don't have to start it manually at the next boot:

sudo systemctl enable gdm


There is a corruption in the file it's trying to install, you can tell because of this error: lzma error: compressed data is corrupt

This can be caused by a bad connection, resumed download, bad file, disk corruption or failures etc.

The problem you have is that it has kept the file, and instead of downloading a fresh copy it's trying to install the cached version.

Dothis:

cd /var/cache/apt/archives
sudo rm libavformat-ffmpeg56_7%3a2.8.8-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc

Alternatively, you could do a sudo apt-get autoclean to clear your cached packages.

This should delete the version that is causing problems and allow your PC to download a fresh copy.


Download the unifiedLinuxDriver from this page: http://www.samsung.com/n_africa/support/model/ML-2160/SAU-downloads?downloadName=DR
Extract the unified driver in home
Open terminal and type the 3 comands
cd ~/cdroot
ls
sudo ./autorun
Application installation starts, just follow the steps.

finish


Try the rename command. Example:

shopt -s globstar
rename -n 's/.//' **

the -n does not actually execute the command. So if you are satisfied remove the -n and run it again. Do make sure you have a backup.
the shopt allows for using ** and that makes it recursive (only with bash).
this will run into an "arguments list too long" if it is lots of files.
You could do this from a script to go around that:

shopt -s globstar
for i in **; do
    rename -n 's/.//' "$i";
done


Why should edx ask for permission to use word UBUNTU?

Canonical have a couple of trademarks on the word "Ubuntu":

http://www.ipo.gov.uk/tmcase/Results/4/EU004059119
http://www.ipo.gov.uk/tmcase/Results/4/EU007426265

Normally speaking, to use a protected trademark (in the same usage category as it's registered), you need the permission of the trademark holder.
Ubuntu is slightly different in they want people to use their trademark but they do have rules, as set out in the Intellectual property rights policy (section 3):

You can use the Trademarks, in accordance with Canonical’s brand guidelines, with Canonical’s permission in writing. If you require a Trademark licence, please contact us (as set out below).

You will require Canonical’s permission to use: (i) any mark ending with the letters UBUNTU or BUNTU which is sufficiently similar to the Trademarks or any other confusingly similar mark, and (ii) any Trademark in a domain name or URL or for merchandising purposes.

You cannot use the Trademarks in software titles. If you are producing software for use with or on Ubuntu you may reference Ubuntu, but must avoid: (i) any implication of endorsement, or (ii) any attempt to unfairly or confusingly capitalise on the goodwill of Canonical or Ubuntu.

You can use the Trademarks in discussion, commentary, criticism or parody, provided that you do not imply endorsement by Canonical.

You can write articles, create websites, blogs or talk about Ubuntu, provided that it is clear that you are in no way speaking for or on behalf of Canonical and that you do not imply endorsement by Canonical.

Somebody providing a tutorials probably doesn't need to worry. Somebody providing Ubuntu-cobranded tutoring probably does.
IP law isn't an easy (or neccessarily logical) subject. Most of the conventions exist through threat of being civilly sued, not neccessarily because the law prescribes something. If you're using somebody else's trademark and you aren't sure if you're allowed to, you should probably ask them or talk to a real lawyer (not just some guy on the Internet).


Mounting a map on a server through a different server

Ok, you can add some iptables rules on server2 and pc will can connect to server1.

Server2

Enable traffic forwarding

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Then set iptables

iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan1 -o wlan0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o wlan1 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED \ -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE

Try from PC1 to connect "directly" to Server1


Yes, you would want to uninstall emacs before installing it from source.

sudo apt-get remove emacs

That should do the trick.

If they do not provide an uninstall script (usually made when you do a make/make install) in the source folder, you are pretty much out of luck for uninstalling cleanly, unless you can figure out what all it installed and where.

I looked and couldn't find a current emacs repository, which makes install/uninstall much safer. In general, don't install outside of repos (or at the very least .debs), unless it is something you really need, just because it can be so messy.


Can a Btrfs partition be booted into even if move/shrink from the front?

If you move the starting point of your boot partition, you need to reinstall grub to add there the information about the new starting point.

It does not matter how the partition is formatted (btrfs or anything else).


How to install Canon printer/scanner drivers (deb.tar.gz file)?

Here's what is going on:

A .tar.gz file is a compressed file, similar to a Windows .zip.  Some programs come as source code packed into a .tar.gz file, which you then use the instructions that you found for.

However, what you have is a .deb file, which installs a program on your computer without having to compile it.  This deb file is packed inside a .tar.gz (often referred to as a tarball), which means that you first uncompress it and then execute it with a program called dpkg.  Run the following commands:

tar -xzvf filename.deb.tar.gz filename.deb
sudo dpkg -i filename.deb

Substitute "filename" for the name of your file without file extensions (hint: you can start typing in the name of an existing file and then press TAB to have the command prompt autocomplete it for you).  So, if you had a file named blender.deb.tar.gz, you would type the following:

tar -xzvf blender.deb.tar.gz blender.deb
sudo dpkg -i blender.deb

If you don't want to mess around with changing folders through the command prompt then just put the files in your home folder, and then run the above commands.


Set up shortcut for different terminal shells

The shortcuts would depend on what terminal you are using. However, most accept the -e option to specify what program to run. Therefore, for zsh you could do:

x-terminal-emulator -e zsh

Or, this approach to have a login shell:

x-terminal-emulator -e 'zsh -l'

You could then add these as aliases on your default shell or, if you prefer to have a launcher on Ubuntu's dash, create a file inside ~/.local/share/applications with the extension .desktop and these lines:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Zsh-Terminal
Comment=Use zsh in the command line
Exec=zsh
Terminal=true
Icon=utilities-terminal
Type=Application

Make this file executable and drag it to the dash.

Read more about the difference between login and non login shell.


ubuntu 11, maximum resolution is a low 1024 x 768

Use xrandr to make sure that the new mode can fit within the maximum framebuffer size

xrandr | grep maximum

Use gtf to create a mode line

gtf 1280 1024 59.9

(59.9 is the refresh rate)
Add the new mode using xrandr

xrandr --newmode "1280x1024_59.90"  ............

replace the above dots (........) by what the gtf command gives you after the mode is created. It should be something like this:  106.29  1440 1520 1672 1904  900 901 904 932  -HSync +Vsync

Add this newly added mode to the desired output (VGA/LVDS etc  - VGA in your case)

xrandr --addmode VGA 1280x1024_59.90

Choose the new mode

xrandr --output VGA --mode 1280x1024_59.90

See a similar question: Can't enable intel driver 82845g/gl (brookdaleg) chipset

Merely speaking, It also indicates that installing Lubuntu solves the issue.

For your Nvidia card: see solution : Display resolution with NVIDIA


Why is link to gmail message from notification dropdown intermittent?

As per the answer above, you have to specifically tap the Gmail icon in the notification itself. This can be rather tricky if you have big fingers as it is a bit of a small icon. Also if you slide the notification to the right, the delete icon is shown. However, tapping this does not delete the email in question, rather it deletes the notification. this is not as useful as deleting the email from your client. I raised this a bit ago that if you click on any part of the notification, it should open the email. Also if you click the delete icon, this should delete the email not just the notification. To add to this, if you change your email client (say to Dekko) you cannot open it from the notification. When you click on the email icon, it will take you to the Gmail client and not Dekko to read your mail. If you remove the Gmail client, email notifications do not come through.


How to make apt-cache, apt-get into one command?

You could create a script with the following content

#!/bin/bash

command="$1"; shift

case $command in
  add|depends|dotty|dump|dumpavail|gencaches|madison|pkgnames|policy|rdepends|search|show|showpkg|showsrc|stats|unmet|xvcg)
    apt-cache "$command" "$@"
    ;;
  autoclean|autoremove|build-dep|check|clean|dist-upgrade|dselect-upgrade|install|purge|remove|source|update|upgrade)
    apt-get "$command" "$@"
    ;;
esac

Suppose you call it myapt. Then, to still having the benefit of bash completion, you need to add the following lines to ~/.bashrc:

_myapt() {
  _apt_get
  tt=("${COMPREPLY[@]}")
  _apt_cache
  COMPREPLY+=("${tt[@]}")
  return 0
} &&
complete -F _myapt $filenames myapt

Unfortunately $command should precede any options, but seems that bash completion do not works for options that follow command.


Change the MBR without need to reinstall OS

If you currently have dual boot and starting through grub (or some other bootloader) you shouldn't have any problems with just formating the NTFS partition

Boot repair may be useful for setting up the boot loader.


sudo -i
echo N> /sys/module/drm_kms_helper/parameters/poll
echo "options drm_kms_helper poll=N">/etc/modprobe.d/local.conf

If you are using a newer kernel, you can execcute the commands below since the drm_kms_helper is loaded automatically

Note that on newer kernels the drm_kms_helper module may not be loaded by default. One extra step gets this working:

sudo -i
modprobe drm_kms_helper
echo N> /sys/module/drm_kms_helper/parameters/poll
echo "drm_kms_helper" >> /etc/modprobe.d/local.conf
echo "options drm_kms_helper poll=N" >> /etc/modprobe.d/local.conf


Warning: socket_create(): Unable to create socket [1] in phpservermonitor

As you figured out, you may need to enable the sockets extension. However, the way you did it is incorrect as you enabled an extension named php_sockets.dll which is only used for Windows installations of PHP.

DLL is a Windows implementation of shared library files.

Instead, in Ubuntu, you enable an extension with the phpenmod <module> command.

For example, in your case, run the following command.

sudo phpenmod sockets

And restart (or reload) Apache for the change to take effect.

sudo apache2ctl restart


lock-keys-applet alternative for Kubuntu

I have solved it, the solution is to install plasma-widget-kbstate

sudo apt-get install plasma-widget-kbstate


NetworkManager asks for password repeatedly [802.1x][16.04]

I think I have found a simpler work around for this.

I still use the usual Network Connections interface to populate all the 802.1x Security tab including the password (this is neccessary to activate the 'Save' button even though the password isn't stored correctly).

I then open a terminal and run "nmtui-connect" and activate the connection there, it prompts for the password and attempts to connect. In all of my tests I have been connected successfully.

Interestingly the password then persists between log-ins and the "Password" section of 802.1x Security tab is populated.


I'm a total noob and need to know if Ubuntu will work properly in my laptop

Install the Universal USB Installer for Windows, and once installed, launch it. Choose the Ubuntu distribution you like, and have the app download it for you onto a USB flash drive. Then, reboot your PC, and choose to boot from the flashdrive. That will start the version of Linux you chose as a LiveUSB, which will be able to use data files (music, video, text, graphics) on your hard drive. When you know which version you like the best, then you can install it from the LiveUSB; if you chose to, you can resize the Windows partition, leaving Windows intact, and install Ubuntu alongside Windows.

There are many versions so I suggest you try several, and choose the version you like. There are differences in both the desktop environment as well as the apps and utilities they use; suggest you pick the desktop you like (Unity vs Classic GNOME vs KDE vs Xfce vs LXDE) and if there's a different app you find in one distro which you want in another (e.g., a different file manager), you can install it later.  I prefer Xubuntu 13.10 right now on my Lenovo T500 but your mileage will vary.

Just like you can have both Windows 7 as well as Ubuntu on your machine, you can also add multiple versions of Linux, and choose what you want to run at boot.


Realtek ALC269VB not playing sound on Ubuntu Server 18.04

Please open "alsamixer" in a terminal session and tune "headphone". There is a bug still in linux kernal or alsa (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+bug/697498).

My favorite solution (in german) is from https://forum.ubuntuusers.de/topic/kein-ton-am-internen-lautsprecher-nur-mit-kopf/4/ . All honor belongs to them.
There might be some other solution but my EeePC 1015px doesn't have HDMI.

Install ALSA tools

sudo apt-get install alsa-tools-gui

Open retask tool

sudo -H hdajackretask

At "Internal Speaker, ATAPI"

mark "Override"
choose "Line out (Front)"
click at button "Install boot override"
reboot

Your speaker(s) should reproduce the sound again.

One caveat:
Your headphones will no longer switch the speakers off automatically.
Start "alsamixer" in a terminal to mute the speakers / the headphones with "m", by cursors you may navigate and increase/decrease volume.


How to disable the built in wifi and retain the plug-in wifi connection?

Assuming your both the cards are already connected to wifi network.

run nmcli device

example:

pratap@i7-4770:~$ nmcli device
DEVICE           TYPE      STATE         CONNECTION
wlx001ea65a550b  wifi      connected     hasini 1
wlp4s0           wifi      disconnected  --
enp3s0           ethernet  unavailable   --
lo               loopback  unmanaged     --
pratap@i7-4770:~$

Here in the above output
wlx001ea65a550b is the usb wifi adapter.
wlp4s0 is the built in wifi adapter.

to disconnect the built in wifi adapter, run the below command.

nmcli device disconnect wlp4s0

Example:

pratap@i7-4770:~$ nmcli device disconnect wlp4s0
Device 'wlp4s0' successfully disconnected.
pratap@i7-4770:~$

so add the command nmcli device disconnect wlp4s0 to your startup applications like below.

Please note that these are variables..

wlx001ea65a550b
wlp4s0

Replace above names with your output from the command nmcli device


Err... AFAIK make command does not generate .deb file, it just compiles source files. So

sudo dpkg -i ../linux*.deb

just installed old kernel again.

To generate binary package you should use fakeroot debian/rules binary. There is no need to run make before this command as it will do all the actions in one pass.

To have debian/rules file, you have to debianize your sources or get sources with apt-get source linux.


My guess is you are trying to run a 32 bit application on a 64 bit host.

unetbootin is in the repos

http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=unetbootin

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install unetbootin

See also https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingSoftware


I can't install Skype on Ubuntu 11.10 from the Software Center

You can download Skype directly from skype.com web page. But i recommend that before you upgrade your system to 12.04 or 12.10.

You must download the Ubuntu/Debian package and install it with:

sudo dpkg -i package_name.deb


How to close terminal after opening something from it

You can do it by running something like this from the terminal:
chromium-browser &
disown

You need to disown the program from the terminal.
More information about disown:
~$ disown --help
disown: disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ... | pid ...]
    Remove jobs from current shell.

    Removes each JOBSPEC argument from the table of active jobs.  Without
    any JOBSPECs, the shell uses its notion of the current job.

    Options:
      -a    remove all jobs if JOBSPEC is not supplied
      -h    mark each JOBSPEC so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the
            shell receives a SIGHUP
      -r    remove only running jobs

    Exit Status:
    Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given.


This may or may not help but I did a similar thing to you, and couldn't see ANY bootable devices in my list. It wasn't that the program was missing my specific USB in the list for GUI, but like your image shows there are NO target devices to select. So I did something simple and tried to maximize the window by dragging the R corner and you wouldn't believe, the list was obscured because the default window size of woeUSB hides your target devices! resize the window: here's what I mean:
MAXIMIZED WINDOW

So again, had no idea it wasn't going to be visible in default view mind blown - hope this helped
-Robert


How to pick a launcher to install software

I guess you are referring to this thing here:

You are right in that you pick the APT deb package. What you can do with is download it, and open it in Software Center - other methods are available for installing deb packages via the command line, see here.

Ubuntu (and most Linux systems), usually does not require you to download random software off the internet. Verified packages are available from the Ubuntu repositories, which can be downloaded and installed from Software Center, apt-get, aptitude etc (other packages are also available via PPAs). They also receive updates with the rest of the system, so overall this is the best method to use. For Flash just install the flashplugin-installer package.

By the way the NPAPI version of flash for Linux (and other non-Windowz/Mac systems) is only available as the old 11 release (excuse from Adobe is they are apparently getting rid of flash player). It works and is supposed to have security backports - if you want the new version you can use Google Chrome (or Chromium and pepperflashplugin-nonfree package) to get PPAPI flash which still receives updates. This can be used with Firefox as well via the use of a plugin adapter - see here


Ubuntu 14.04 Server Install Unable to Connect to Network via Ethernet

If:

em1 = ethernet
192.168.1.254 = IP address of router
192.168.0.120 = IP address of server

Test this /etc/network/interfaces file:

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto em1
iface em1 inet static
address 192.168.1.120
gateway 192.168.1.254
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255


How do I make a folder whose contents are just a reference to another a folder?

Linking as @Terrace said would not work because if you were to change folder x folder y would also change. Why not just duplicate it?

Hope this helps


Machine partly crashes when a network interface is unbound from DPDK

I had issues with ssh timeouts, I found a workaround by using:

 sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=50 \
 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl=10 \
 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes=5


Why is there no 32 bit ISO for the new Ubuntu 18.04?

There are 32 bit ISO from the new 18.04 LTS distro, but not standard Ubuntu. The community flavours have uploaded 32 bit iso files, and some of them are particularly suitable for old 32 bit computers, because they have light desktop environments,

Lubuntu
Ubuntu Budgie
Ubuntu MATE
Xubuntu

You can find them via the following link. Look for 'i386' in the name of the iso file.

releases.ubuntu.com/

You can use the Ubuntu mini.iso files in order to install Ubuntu in BIOS mode (but not in UEFI mode), and there is a 32-bit version with 'i386' in the name of the mini.iso file. See this link,

cdimages.ubuntu.com/netboot

So it is possible to install standard Ubuntu in a 32-bit computer, but in most cases it is better to use a community flavour of Ubuntu with a lighter desktop environment, because standard Ubuntu 'wants' more powerful hardware for graphics that what is common in most 32-bit computers.

However, there may be cases, when you want to run a 32-bit operating system in a 64-bit computer, for example if you have some application software, that only works with a 32-bit system, or because a 32-bit system uses less RAM for the same task compared to a 64-bit system.


How to get rid of a zero-size invisible partition left after deleting Windows boot partition

You can't, because it's not there. On an MBR disk, there are always precisely four primary partition entries, but some of them can be unused. The sfdisk -l command you used lists all of these entries, even if they're unused. In other words, sfdisk -l is showing a "ghost" entry -- the data structures are present, but they don't define a partition. You could shift the numbers so that you've got partitions 1-3 rather than 2-4, but then using sfdisk -l would show a similar "ghost" partition #4. This is not an error, a bug, or a problem; it's just the way the MBR data structures are defined.

I mentioned you can shift the partition numbers. AFAIK, this is awkward to do with fdisk, sfdisk, or parted, and you also risk rendering Windows unbootable if you try, since Windows can be fussy about its partitions. Thus, I don't recommend you try; just live with the fact that your partitions begin with #2. If, however, this bugs you enough to risk an unbootable Windows installation, you could try my FixParts program. It includes an s option that sorts the partitions; that should shift their numbers down by 1. If you try this and Windows doesn't boot, though, I can't help you, since I'm not a Windows expert.


To change ownership and/or access of a file, do:

sudo chown <user>:<group> /path/to/file
sudo chmod <owner><group><everuone> /path/to/file

Using -R when modifying permissions for single file is unnecessary (recursive changes make sense  when you modify directories).

A change to your .htaccess file's ownership and permissions can be made like this:

#go to the folder where the file is located
cd /var/www/mywebsite
#change ownership to the desired user and group
sudo chown wwdata:wwdata .htaccess
#change permissions
sudo chmod 644 .htaccess
#verify
ls -lah .htaccess


It is because you haven't updated your repositories try this

  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get upgrade
  sudo apt-get install mysql-server


Black Screen - ELD Buf Size of 0, force 128

Did solve this by installing fglrx-amdcccle-updates from repository. Had the latest driver for my AMD gfx card installed manually. Seems like some configuration went wrong/missing/broken..


Burning files and directories with long unicode names

GUI Application
k3b is able to create ISO Level 3 filesystem CD's with Joliet-long. To install type in Terminal:
apt-get install k3b

Unfortunately k3b is an KDE application so this will install lots of (unwanted) dependencies on your machine. So you might rather use the command line alternative.
Command Line
mkisofs can create .iso files with Joliet-long which can be burned with every other application (e.g. Brasero)
mkisofs -iso-level 3 -J -joliet-long -rock -input-charset utf-8 -o project.iso /path/to/files

In Brasero press Burn image select the project.iso and hit burn.


Unable to locate package add-apt-repository error

add-apt-repository is not a package, so you just can't install it using sudo apt-get install add-apt-repository. This is wrong!

The package which contain add-apt-repository command is (and was all the time):

software-properties-common

not python-software-properties as you may think. You can check this using the following command:

dpkg -S add-apt-repository


The problem turned out to be a hardware issue. The people I bought the drive from were jerks and they hacked it to make it think it was 2 TB when it was only 120+ GB. I went over that data cap and the drive didn't know what to do so it crashed. There was no fixing it so I threw it away.


I installed it from source by following the instructions on the GitHub repository, which worked fine when I was still using 14.04.

From Source
Build Dependencies
The following tools must exist within your PATH:
make
cmake (>= 2.8.12)
g++ (>= 4.7) or clang++ (>= 3.0)

The following libraries are required:
Qt 5 (>= 5.2): qtbase and qttools5
libgcrypt (>= 1.6)
zlib
libxi, libxtst, qtx11extras (optional for auto-type on X11)

On Debian you can install them with:
sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake qtbase5-dev libqt5x11extras5-dev qttools5-dev qttools5-dev-tools libgcrypt20-dev zlib1g-dev libxi-dev libxtst-dev

Build Steps
To compile from source:
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make [-jX]

You will have the compiled KeePassX binary inside the ./build/src/ directory.
To install this binary execute the following:
sudo make install

More detailed instructions available in the INSTALL file.


Install the NVIDIA proprietary graphics driver for the Dell XPS 410 Desktop. Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-173 nvidia-settings
sudo reboot


What if the snap I want is not available and I can't use apt?

There kind of is a way of using apt but thats not either recommended or what core has been design for. If you want to test it try below:

!! Run at your own risk !!

snap install classic --edge --devmode
sudo classic

Then:

(classic)$ sudo apt install something


Where are the settings that determine the meaning of the mouse wheel?

You'll find settings for mouse, touchpad and other [input] devices in SETTINGS, INPUT DEVICES.
However, I believe the setting you're looking for is in SETTINGS, WORKSPACE BEHAVIOR, VIRTUAL DESKTOPS.


HP 431 is overheating, how can I fix it?

I was facing a similar problem on my Hp 431-452TX (i5, 4gb, 6470m-1gb, win7 x64U, Ubuntu 11.10), but there was a variation, i am running Ubuntu 11.10 (upgraded from 10.4) x64 and Win 7 Ultimate x64 on seperate partitions, ubuntu was running cool, but Win7 was heating the CPU badly, I had core temp installed in windows which hibernated the system when the CPU was over th 85 degree Celisius mark. and the system was regularly shutting down even after using a Cooler Master cooling pad.
First I learnt that the machine was susceptible to dust, and litreally i blew out tons of dirt from the blocked vents, it worked right till a week and started again, blewing out was not an option, then,
I just learnt that the BIOS was updated to a newer version F.24 on Oct 7, 2011 (check here http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bizsupport/TechSupport/SoftwareIndex.jsp?lang=en&cc=th&prodNameId=5086746&prodTypeId=321957&prodSeriesId=5086745&swLang=13&taskId=135&swEnvOID=4061#93211), just updated it 20 minutes ago, and I think this has done the trick
I hope it works for you!... All the Best!


snap and SMART errors when attaching external drive

If lsusb detects a JMicron Technology bridge, you have your answer. Some of them are not fully compatible with SMART and this causes the error unfortunately.


Unable to ssh into a machine unless on the same network

You can't connect to a private network from the outside.  The University would have to give you a public IP for the machine you want to connect to.  Then they would have to handle port forwarding from their end to send the desired traffic (ie specific ports) to that machine.

The same goes for if you want to connect to your home computer from the University.  Your home computer on a router.  You would have to connect to your public IP (most likely the IP of your router or the provide modem from your IP) then have the traffic forwarded to the private IP of your computer.

The options you would look for in your modem's setup is port forwarding which would most likely be in the firewall or security section.

Companies that allow outside networking and connecting to their computers provide VPN (Virtual Private Network) connectivity where they provide their remove facilities the IP of a VPN so that they can be connected on the same network from different location.

There are other variations and schemes that can be used but that is the basic gist.

By the way, you can get your public 'IP Address' in a number of ways including clicking on a link such as What is My Public IP Address.


Is there a keyboard shortcut to open a new Konsole tab?

Works for me (in Kubuntu):

System Settings -> Shortcuts and Gestures -> Custom Shortcuts -> right-click -> New -> Global Shortcut -> Command/URL -> type a name (i.e. "Terminal" or "Konsole") -> choose tab "Trigger" -> click on None -> press Ctrl+Shift+T -> choose tab "Action" -> enter "konsole" for Command/URL -> apply

By default this combination (Ctrl + Shift + T) works in Ubuntu, but not in Kubuntu.


Compiling and installing Intel graphics card drivers

Instead of compiling the drivers yourself you can just add this PPA to your system and update it. All the instructions you need are on the page itself. Follow them carefully, and remember, you do this at your own risk (so the developers are not responsible for breakage).

You can add this PPA to your system using he command sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa.

It is however strongly recommended to stay with the default drivers that are installed by Ubuntu since they have been widely tested.

If you are looking for something newer but still regarded as stable then look to installing the x-updates PPA

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates


Configuring keyboard hotkeys with same scancodes and different keysyms

Ok, solution was found here- Make the zoom slider of Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000 and 7000 scroll up and down, in 14.04 (Trusty)
Read last comment.
It turned out, that evtest is really powerful, and it can show scancodes too.
Read /lib/udev/hwdb.d/60-keyboard.hwdb very carefull, i had to read it 100 times to make it work.
If you need to transorm your hex to 4 digit hex i used this - http://www.binaryhexconverter.com/hex-to-decimal-converter


Problem solved:

Reinstalling openJDK from the Ubuntu software center fixed it


How to sync a data from windows app to cloud within wine?

If you have no problems running xin under wine but you want to synchronize other folders outside the wine installation, you could try with a symbolic link:

ln -s $HOME/Dropbox /path/to/.wine/folder

I use something similar to synchronize saved games between computers under Wine.


At the moment, icedtea-8-plugin is not available in the official Ubuntu repositories. Maarten Fonville offers a PPA repository with a working icedtea-8-plugin package.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:maarten-fonville/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install icedtea-8-plugin

Bug report: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/icedtea-web/+bug/1385842

PPA page: https://launchpad.net/~maarten-fonville/+archive/ubuntu/

If you're using Ubuntu 14.04 (for which openjdk-8-jre is not yet backported), then for the time being the OpenJDK ppa must be added first:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa

Recent versions of Chrome do not support the Java plugin (cf. How do I get Java plugin working on Google Chrome?).


How do you revert to a professional colour chooser in 12.04?

Not that i know of, its how the GNOME devs wanted to do it. I admit I dont like it either, but I don't even use the GUI to change the colors like that, I use my terminal config settings.


Wake up from screen off (like Windows and Mac)

Try to install synaptiks

From command line open terminal Ctrl+Alt+T and run following command :

sudo apt-get install synaptiks

Or from Ubuntu Software Center search for the keyword synaptiks


Knowing a lot of people criticized Canonical for not being transparent to their source code, I did not even look into it before asking here. Yet, after posting this question, I decided to have a look at the source code:

sudo apt source unity

Installed the required dependencies for rebuilding the package from source:

sudo apt build-dep unity

And took a look through the source code files. First shot, an obvious place where some code seems to deal with the launcher:

gedit launcher/BFBLauncherIcon.cpp

Sure enough, by changing line 40 (set visible from true to false), and also commenting the next line (not sure if it helps, probably not really), like so:

SetQuirk(Quirk::VISIBLE, false);
//SkipQuirkAnimation(Quirk::VISIBLE);

And then compiling the package (DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS avoids the process of running automatic code quality tests after the compilation is done which take a long time and probably won't fail since we literally changed almost nothing at all in the code):

DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS=nocheck debuild -uc -us -b -d

Finally, reinstall 'unity':

sudo dpkg -i unity_7.5.0+19.04.20190304-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb

And then restart your computer, or switch to a free virtual terminal (Ctrl + Alt + 3 for example), and restart LightDM so that the new Unity binary is loaded in memory instead of the old one:

sudo systemctl restart lightdm

And yeah, enjoy! It was that simple!


When is it necessary to reboot an Ubuntu system?

After kernel panic;
After partitioning or filesystem modifications (more specifically, resizing root partition; I'd recommend to avoid resizing the hard drive from which you boot in general, regardless of partition; if you are resizing something external, like SD card or USB, no reboots necessary );
After kernel upgrade and security patches (although that might not always be necessary);
After system became unresponsive for whatever reason, and you've no option but to use magic SYSRQ keys or hard reset
After making changes to some dconf schemas , depending on the way application may have been developed. Related answer
Your CPU is overheating (you don't wanna keep on roasting those cores, do you ?)


Set a program to open at specific screen location at a certain resolution

You can use wmctrl to specify any window geometry and placement.

Then you can put each app launch in a script and launch it : chrome.sh instead of just chrome.


How Can I Schedule Automatic Download Morning Edition Podcast?

You'll need to write a web robot to navigate the site until it finds the .mp3 URL(s) you want to download and then download exactly those URL(s).

For perl, the obvious solution is to use the libwww-perl package (aka LWP).

For python, I'll recommend the mechanize or scrapy python libraries.

Both of these python libs are packaged for Debian and Ubuntu as python-mechanize and python-scrapy, so install the packages (and don't follow the pip install or whatever instructions on the web sites)

There are similar libraries for other languages.


To expand on the idea in Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams's comment: It would be helpful find out how the current value of this environment variable (with the order you don't like) is being set, in order to change it.
If you have no idea how it's being set, run:
grep LD_LIBRARY_PATH= ~/.* /etc/*

That will look at all the dotfiles in your home directory and all the top-level files in /etc. You'll get permission denied messages from the query but that's fine, they won't be for places that are at all likely to contain a script that runs and sets LD_LIBRARY_PATH. (So you do not need to run that querying command as root.)
If you only get permission denied messages, then nothing was found. If you also have lines with a filename, a colon, and contents of the file, then it was found that that might be where it's being set. It also might not be.
You can expand your query by removing the = character; just be aware you're more likely to have false positives, where the variable is being used but not being set.
If that fails...
If you still cannot find it, you can try setting the variable yourself. See:

How do I set environment variables?
Setting the PATH so it applies to all users, including root/sudo (not limited to PATH)

If it gets set after it's set by whatever mechanisms are currently doing it, you can replace its value with whatever you want (and that can be a reordered version of what it currently is).
If you try this and it either does nothing or you find it contains the text you gave it, with other text before or after it (or some before and some after), then at least this will give you information about when it's being set, compared to when it gets set by whatever method you choose to use.
If text in the wrong order is tacked on just to the end of the variable as you set it, that's annoying but it's equivalent so long as all the same directories are part of your previously ordered path. (All that matters is where a directory first appears in the path, because after it's not matched there, it won't be matched anywhere else either.)
If you can provide more information about why you need to do this, that might make it easier to figure out better ways of discovering what is currently setting it, and that might make it possible for a suggestion to be made about how best to set it yourself.
This answer applies to other environment variables, too.
But, for some variables, like PATH, there are a few places that almost always set it, so a similar problem with that might be easier to solve.


wifi problems with lenovo g580 and ubuntu 12.10

i followed the these instructions:

    STA - No Internet access

  If you do not have any other means of Internet access on your
  computer, you can install the bcmwl-kernel-source package from the
  restricted folder under ../pool/restricted/b/bcmwl on the Ubuntu
  install media.

  Note: The bcmwl-kernel-source package depends on the linux-headers
  packages so you may need to first retrieve the appropriate package(s)
  from the online repositories. A running LiveCD/LiveUSB environment has
  these packages (allowing the wireless to work), but an installed
  system may not. Make sure you have the linux-headers package that
  matches your current kernel version, plus the appropriate generic
  header packages so that they are automatically updated on a kernel
  upgrade. To find out your current kernel use the command:

  uname -r

  To find what linux-headers packages you have installed use the
  command:

  dpkg -l | grep headers

  Systems installed from CDROM can add the install CD as a package
  source and install bcmwl-kernel-source using apt-get as above.
  However, if you want to do it manually then the instructions are as
  follows:

  Navigate the install media and install the packages listed below by
  double clicking OR install the packages consecutively from a Terminal
  (in the commands below the install media is mounted at /cdrom, but
  yours maybe different):

../pool/main/d/dkms

cd /cdrom/pool/main/d/dkms
sudo dpkg -i dkms*

../pool/main/p/patch

cd /cdrom/pool/main/p/patch
sudo dpkg -i patch*

../pool/main/f/fakeroot

cd /cdrom/pool/main/f/fakeroot
sudo dpkg -i fakeroot*

../pool/restricted/b/bcmwl

cd /cdrom/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl
sudo dpkg -i bcmwl-kernel-source*

taken from the official ubuntu help page:

  https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/Driver/bcm43xx#STA_-_No_Internet_access

and after a restart wifi was working fine.


They could be JMX connections. JMX uses a fixed port and a random port. I'm not sure if a new client gets a new port. See how mports are open before any JMX connections are made compared with after a JMX connection is made.

Another possibility is clustering. If you enable clustering that will cause a few more sockets to be opened.

Anything else is application generated. Try disabling applications to see which trigger ports to open.


How to keep bluetooth configuration through a fresh install?

So it turns out the configuration is stored in /var/lib/bluetooth/aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff
where aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff is the mac (I hope it is MAC) address of your device. To keep the configuration trough a fresh install, just backup and copy this directory over.

Thanks Bastien Nocera for the tip.


What will the role of the Desktop folder be in Unity?

Desktop unity in 11.04 (natty) will have the standard nautilus based desktop activated again, so you'll be able to put icons and launchers on the desktop for 11.04.

For 11.10 we are completely rethinking how files are managed and accessed so it is likely that this question will become moot in a years time.


Does anyone knows how to fix Intel+Nvidia gamma problem?

I fond it!!!

this command will give you display name

  xrandr

and then  this command change it gamma!!

  xrandr --output  Display   --gamma 1:1:1


Not able to understand and map output of /proc/net/tcp


64 bit now recommended?
It is not not recommended anymore. The website probably got tweaked but could already have been changed for 12.10. Seems someone got annoyed by it and changed the website...
Does this mean that I can run 64 on a 64 cpu without problems, please advise?
As far as I am aware you could always run it. The 32bit version of Ubuntu will run on a 32bit CPU and a 64bit CPU. The 64bit version of Ubuntu will run on a 64bit CPU. It was recommended for users who would not know or care about the difference. But the change to multiarch was a big improvement.

Multiarch is a new approach to running programs compiled for one computer architecture on another, particular i386<->amd64 (see 32bit and 64bit for an explanation to these two architectures). If Ubuntu is working, you should not have to concern yourself with the details of how it supports different computer architectures; just install the programs you like.
Multiarch lets you install library packages from multiple architectures on the same machine. This is useful in various ways, but the most common is installing both 64 and 32-bit software on the same machine and having dependencies correctly resolved automatically. In general you can have libraries of more than one architecture installed together and applications from one architecture or another installed as alternatives. Note that it does not enable multiple architecture versions of applications to be installed simultaneously.


ok so!

I spent the last couple of days trying different things and this seems to have worked for me. Indeed the phrase update-alternatives: error: alternative link /etc/mysql/my.cnf is already managed by my.cnf.bak pointed me in the right direction.
Please note that I am running debian on a chromebook through crouton. This might mean there is at least one nesting linux installation which might make things different on your end. This was just what worked for me.

I had already purged every mysql file through apt-get several times, removed files one by one and even dpkg removed them, but the error kept ocurring. Finally searched for my.cnf.bak

`find / my.cnf.bak | grep my.cnf.bak`

and found it in /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives. All of this time I had been searching in /etc/alternatives. In any case I finally removed this file and reinstalled mysql-server. All is well now.


Cannot use Encrpyted Home directory after upgrade to 14.04

Make sure the ecryptfs filesystem is installed:

sudo apt-get install ecryptfs-utils


xfce4 on Ubuntu Server 19.04. Update or bad install?

You didn't install the xubuntu desktop, instead xfce4

https://packages.ubuntu.com/disco/xfce4

which does include desktop-base  https://packages.ubuntu.com/disco/desktop-base described as

  common files for the Debian Desktop

which suggests gnome https://packages.ubuntu.com/disco/gnome

  Full GNOME Desktop Environment, with extra components

so I'd check your logs and see what you actually installed.

You may have accepted the suggested/recommended packages pulling in gnome because of your provided command, esp. if you 'y' or included a -y to accept recommends; possibly you should consider --no-install-recommends


I solved my problem but i dont know exactly how, then i type "history" in my terminal, i'll paste here and try to explain what i did.

 1524  sudo apt-get clean
 1525  sudo apt-get autoclean
 1526  sudo apt-get -f install
 1527  sudo dpkg --configure -a
 1528  sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade
 1529  sudo apt-get -i Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes dist-upgrade
 1530  sudo apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes dist-upgrade
 1531  sudo apt-get remove --dry-run libglapi-mesa
 1532  sudo apt-get remove --dry-run libgl1-mesa-glx
 1533  sudo apt-get remove --dry-run libgl1-mesa-glx -f
 1534  sudo apt-get remove --dry-run libglapi-mesa
 1535  sudo apt-get remove --dry-run libglapi-mesa libgles2-mesa
 1536  sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
 1537  sudo apt-get autoremove --purge package-name
 1538  sudo apt-get autoremove --purge libglapi-mesa
 1539  cd /etc/apt
 1540  cat sources.list.bkp
 1541  sudo pluma sources.list.bkp
 1542  sudo pluma sources.list
 1543  sudo apt-get -f install
 1544  sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
 1545  sudo apt-get purge libglapi-mesa
 1546  sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
 1547  sudo apt-get install vlc
 1548  sudo apt-get update
 1549  cd ~
 1550  mkdir ppa-purge && cd ppa-purge && wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/ppa-purge/ppa-purge_0.2.8+bzr56_all.deb && wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu//pool/main/a/aptitude/aptitude_0.6.6-1ubuntu1_i386.deb && sudo dpkg -i ./*.deb
 1551  sudo ppa-purge ppa:a/ppa
 1552  sudo ppa-purge ppa:me-davidsansome/ppa
 1553  sudo apt-get autoremove --purge clementine
 1554  sudo apt-get install vlc
 1555  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
 1556  mkdir y-ppa-manager && cd y-ppa-manager && wget https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/y-ppa-manager/+files/launchpad-getkeys_0.3.2-1~webupd8~oneiric_all.deb && wget https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/y-ppa-manager/+files/y-ppa-manager_0.0.8.6-1~webupd8~precise_all.deb && wget https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/y-ppa-manager/+files/yad_0.17.1.1-1~webupd8~precise_amd64.deb && dpkg -i ./*.deb
 1557  sudo apt-get -f install
 1558  cd ~
 1559  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
 1560  sudo apt-get update
 1561  sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager
 1562  sudo apt-get -f install
 1563  sudo pluma /etc/apt/sources.list
 1564  sudo apt-get -f install
 1565  sudo synaptic
 1566  sudo reboot now
 1567  sudo apt-get install vlc
 1568  sudo apt autoremove
 1569  sudo apt-get install vlc

From line 1524~1538 i got only errors, i was trying to remove the problematic libs, then on lines 1539~1542 i've restaured my backup of sources.list because i saw in some place that i'll need the sources where i downloaded my packages.
After that i tried to install ppa-purge to remove my PPAs but my APT was broken and i cant did that.
I've downloaded PPA-Purge with WGET and tried to install with DPKG -i but i got more problems, my system said that i need to solve dependencies first.
I tried to use PPA-Purge on lines 1551 and 1552 but it didnt worked because the instalation didnt finish.
At line 1564 when i enter "apt-get -f install" it returned for me a giant list of libs and packages that will be uninstaled, about to 1,2GB then i type "N" to cancel the action because it was listed a lot of programs there, like libreoffice, compiz, apt, etc..
Then when I open Synaptic i was able to uninstall only the broken packages(libglapi-mesa, libgles1-mesa-glx..)
After this i've rebooted my PC and tried to install VLC, it goes normally and my problem was solved, i dont know how, but it was done.
After that I got another problem but i find the solution here: Strange artifacts along window borders after waking computer from sleep mode

Well guys, i want to say thanks to all of you that spent a time to be here trying to help me. Thanks a lot, after more than 3 weeks i solved my problem and i'll try to help others with the same problem.
Sorry about my English and I hope u guys understand and learned things here. Good Luck for us, cya :)


Wifi very slow - ubuntu 16.04 - Centrino Advanced-N 6230

Run in a terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi-opt.conf <<< "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=8"

and reboot.


How can I extract records from a file if they include a specific set of strings?

Extracting records from a text file if a set of strings can be found in the record

The script below will extract records from your file, if they meet the conditions you described in your question.
If the order is important, please see my notes in If the order is important.

Since the script reads the file per line, and subsequently processes the lines per record, it should be pretty fast on big files.

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys

#--- set the strings to be (needed to be) found below
checks = ["FADED: 100", "AM:FF", "GG"]
#---

f = sys.argv[1]; out = sys.argv[2]; rec = []; test = []

with open(f) as src, open(out, "a+") as targ:
    for l in src:
        rec.append(l)
        if l.startswith("---"):
            if len(test) == 3:
                for l in rec:
                    targ.write(l)
            rec = []; test = []
        else:
            for s in checks:
                if s in l:
                    test.append(checks.index(s))
                    break

What the script does exactly

The script reads a record (loading per line), keeps at the same time record if any of the strings ["FADED: 100", "AM:FF", "GG"] occurs in the line.
If not all three strings occur in the record, the record is deleted from "cache", the next record is loaded and so on

If the order is important

If it is important in which order (lines containing-) the strings appear inside your record, you can replace the line:

if len(test) == 3:

by:

if test == [0, 2, 1]

where the numbers refer to the indices of the strings in the list checks = ["FADED: 100", "AM:FF", "GG"] (where 0 is the first string)

How to use

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as filter_records.py
Run the script with the source (file with your current records) and the output file as arguments, e.g.:

python3 /path/to/filter_records.py /path/to/inputfile.txt /path/to/outputfile.txt

The result (on your small example)

    rtuyss  A/A go go go go go go go go go go go go go go  IRE AP  QQ Z
ORDER xxxxxxx1

country: 201  NVDS        TEMPROR   EXTREME

BUS TIME:       TRASS: 12       AIDED: 12        FADED: 100

                      U  U  U  u  U  A  U  O  O  O  O  O  O  O
                 GG   Y  Y  Y  Y  Y  O  Y  O  O  O  O  O  O  O   POU
ATM UNITED #  AM:FF   Y  Y  Y  Y  Y  O  Y  O  O  O  O  O  O  O   POU POU POU POU
--- --------  --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  --- --- -- --


It's correct.

If you call a command without tty, e.g.

[root@myhost ~]# ssh monsoin001@otherhost.example.com mycommand

then the wtmp/btmp file will NOT be updated.


I fixed this installing the last 1.8 Oracle JDK intead of openjdk-8


Disable backlight keyboard feature in Lenovo x230i for Ubuntu 14.04

You should make a script wich would press those keys automatically after startup.

To do that you would need to create an empty document and write down the following:

#!/bin/bash
xdotool key fn+space

Save it as .sh ( i.e. Keyboard Backlight Off.sh ) and move the resultant document into the init directory, wich is the usual process starter. The exact name of such drectory may change, so search for something like:

/etc/init.d

or

/etc/rc1.d (the number after 'rc' may change)

or

/etc/rc.local

I recommend you to try add it to the last option -->
/etc/rc.localas it's usually better to add your own scripts in there.

Hope it works and post the feedback.

If you want to look up more information about it here you have some links:

Xdotool

Xdotool on Ubuntu Manpage


How to reinstall kernels after accidental deletion with a separate boot partition and an encrypted LVM volume?

Test this:

Start the computer with a live-dvd / usb.

Open a terminal.

Run it:

sudo -i
apt-get update
apt-get install lvm2 cryptsetup
modprobe dm-crypt
cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda2 crypt1
*##Write the passphrase##*
vgscan --mknodes
*##Save the volume name##*
mount /dev/<volume-name>/root /mnt
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf
chroot /mnt
apt-get update
apt-get install --reinstall 'linux-image-3.8*'
update-grub
apt-get clean
umount /mnt
reboot


No access to the entire drive on which Ubuntu was installed

I'm not sure if it is the case for multiple HDDs, but if you partition one HDD, windows is only capable of recognizing each adjacent partition up until it finds one it doesn't recognize, and none after. Since Windows does not recognize Linux partitions, if it comes directly after windows and you have another recognizable partition, say a different version of windows, after it, it will not recognize either of them. This is possibly your problem. If you have Ubuntu at the start of your second HDD, Windows will likely stop looking as soon as Ubuntu is detected.

I can't guarantee results, but if you put the Ubuntu partition at the very end of the second HDD, you will hopefully be able to read the rest of it. Make sure that you make Ubuntu big enough for Ubuntu data to build up, as it is much more time consuming to add space to the start of a partition than it is to add to the end. That being said, Ubuntu is capable of reading and writing to any partition without ill-effect (except the occasional trash can folder and obviously files incompatible formats; no different than if you were to use a flash drive between the two), as long as you gain r/w permission for them. This means that you will only really need room for system files, you could very-well keep all of your personal files on your windows partition if you wanted to. (When I still used windows I gave it 100 GBs, followed by a large ntfs partition for shared data and the last 50 GBs to Ubuntu, and put all personal files on the shared partition so that they were accessible to both OSes).

Also make sure that the extra partition is in a format that windows is compatible with. I used to use ntfs because I also had Snow Leapard for a while and it is compatable with all 3 OSes, FAT would also work with all 3 (this is what flash drives use by default).


From :h autoload:

AUTOMATICALLY LOADING FUNCTIONS
                                                        autoload-functions
When using many or large functions, it's possible to automatically define them
only when they are used.  There are two methods: with an autocommand and with
the "autoload" directory in 'runtimepath'.

...

Using an autoload script
                                                        autoload E746
This is introduced in the user manual, section 41.15.

Using a script in the "autoload" directory is simpler, but requires using
exactly the right file name.  A function that can be autoloaded has a name
like this:

        :call filename#funcname()

When such a function is called, and it is not defined yet, Vim will search the
"autoload" directories in 'runtimepath' for a script file called
"filename.vim".  For example "~/.vim/autoload/filename.vim".  That file should
then define the function like this:

        function filename#funcname()
           echo "Done!"
        endfunction

The file name and the name used before the # in the function must match
exactly, and the defined function must have the name exactly as it will be
called.

So, autoload is a directory where you can drop files that define functions, and the file is only read when the function is called for the first time. This makes startup faster.


No. If you want to run GUI apps, you need a GUI. Any Linux system is completely usable without a GUI, but only if you don't require GUI apps.
Of course, there are command line alternatives (vim or emacs for text editing, links2 or w3m for browsing), but if you want to run the specific tools you mentioned, you will need a GUI.

That said, there are several graphical environments that should work fine with 4G of RAM. In the Ubuntu world, try Xubuntu or Lubuntu which come with the Xfce and LXQt desktop environments respectively. If that's still too heavy for you (which I doubt), you can try a tiling window manager like i3.


TL;DR

There's absolutely nothing wrong with any name so long as it meets the standards for domain names and doesn't conflict with another device on the network at the time. The hostname does NOT indicate failure, success, or anything else. A name is entirely your choice and can be changed at will as @Rinzwind's answer shows.  Initially, the hostname is derived from the network, or username with a suffix derived from various hardware attributes, but the installer always shows the hostname during the installation in an editable text box and thus you "approved" it.

If your network is plugged in

During installation, the installer will obtain the machine name from the network (by using the Reverse DNS entry e.g. dig -x $DHCPAssignedIP).  Some routers are smart in that they have certain agreed name suggestions when they have no assignment, e.g. machineX-child.localnet.priv.

It's possible that the DNS resolver on your network "suggested" that as a name, but you will certainly have approved it at the network-naming step in the installer.

If you're not connected to any network during the installation.

The hostname is actually derived from the username as "${username}-${suffix}", as in the ubiquity source here.  The suffix is determined either by calling your DMI here or, failing that, laptop-detect.

Initial "Who Are You" screen.

"Who Are You" screen after entering "Your name".

So, to answer your original question, the most likely scenario is that your motherboard "DMI" is supplying the word "child".  You can investigate by calling:

dmidecode --quiet --string system-manufacturer
dmidecode --quiet --string system-version
dmidecode --quiet --string system-product-name

...since that's what Ubiquity does here.

That's probably more than you wanted to know, but I was curious! :-D


When booting from windows usb it black screens with blinking cursor

UNetbootin will Not Make a Windows Install Disk.
and UNetbootin will not install Windows
However you can make a persistent Ubuntu USB using UNetbootin on a Mac.
Then you can install mkusb to the persistent Ubuntu USB.
Next you can use mkusb-dus or mkusb-plug to create a Windows install disk on a second USB of at least 8GB. (Mkusb-plug is a little bit more foolproof than mkusb-dus).
How can I create a Windows bootable USB stick using Ubuntu?
If you actually want to install a running version of Windows 10 to USB, you will need to use Rufus or Universal running on Windows and use their install Windows-To-Go option.


After Ubuntu 14.04 upgrade, two different lock screens

Try reinstalling lightgdm sudo apt-get reinstall lightgdm.
Otherwise it might be worth reinstalling the system, if you make a bootable usb you can upgrade the system without deleting your files (read carefully when it asks you how to install ubuntu on your hard disk!). Make sure to use the latest version of ubuntu.


How to record x days in a loop with ZoneMinder?

The solution for a "recordig loop" is the "purge when full filter" in ZoneMinder:
http://www.zoneminder.com/wiki/index.php/FAQ#How_can_I_stop_ZoneMinder_filling_up_my_disk.3F (via)

With this filter you can define the criteria for deleting old events, e.g. "when partition is 75% full", etc. Very versatile tool!


Transfering mysql databse from ubuntu to windows

Use mysqldump to create an export file and import it into the other mysql.The export is a text file, so in case the version of the new operating system is lower and you used things only available on the newer version you can edit them out. To export ...

 mysqldump -u {user} -p {database} >/tmp/backup.sql

... for every database. Use a unique name for the backup file.


The command sudo ./combine_both.py /dev/input/event7 is trying to execute the python file combine_both.py. You need to save the python script from the link as combine_both.py and then locate the directory from the terminal. From within the directory run the chmod +x combine_both.py command to let the shell know the file is executable. This should allow you to run sudo ./combine_both.py /dev/input/event7.


I presume that you just need to map the Python GTK functions to GTKMM. The code in Python GTK is:

context = self.toolbar.get_style_context()
context.add_class(Gtk.STYLE_CLASS_PRIMARY_TOOLBAR)

So you just need to find the equivilent of get_style_context() and add_class() and the Gtk.STYLE_CLASS_PRIMARY_TOOLBAR constant.


MacMini (running Ubuntu 14.04) loses wlan connection when uploading larger files (several 100 mb) via ownCloud

I have not used ownCloud; so what I am about to say may not be relevant. However, I have run into situations with Dropbox and other cloud services where I needed to keep chunk sizes to set amounts (20-40 MB) for large files. My second thought is that ownCloud (if memory serves correct, is PHP driven so you may need to modify your server's PHP settings to increase the max upload size.

edit
Did a quick Google search and found this which may be relevant to you http://doc.owncloud.org/server/6.0/admin_manual/configuration/configuring_big_file_upload.html


Second drive is read only when booting with Ubuntu (Dual OS)

Is it possible that you have fast boot turned on in windows 10? That used to make my HDD's unreadable as well as unwriteable. Please check try this and check again :
https://in.answers.acer.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/37059/~/windows-10%3A-enable-or-disable-fast-startup

I turned of fast boot, while it does load my windows 10 a bit slower, I don't have to boot to windows then reboot to ubuntu to make it work.


Invoking .desktop file from launcher opens it in editor rather than opening the program it describes

Your .desktop file likely appears as a found file in Gnome shell overview, and thus is handled accordingly.

Make sure your .desktop file resides in ~/.local/share/applications. Only then will it be picked up correctly as an application. You can leave the copy on the desktop if you appreciate being able to launch it directly from the desktop, or remove it there and pin it to the Dash (right-click in the overview to do that) if you want to follow the workflow that the Gnome developers have in mind.


click here to install bytubed addon on firefox only if you trust the author.


Remove the second line from your program:

#include "input.dat"

This line will cause the input file to be read by the compiler. The way you explained it, the input file is no C code, and therefore will not compile.

The input file, however, is not to be included into your program, but to be read from the file system at runtime.

If you say the same program worked on Windows, do you mean that the exact same code worked on Windows? That would really surprise me, as only numbers isn't C, no matter which platform you are on.


Ubuntu 1604: Software installation/Squirrel shell/synkron

You didn't download the pre-compiled version of the shell, so you need to follow the 2nd option.

For source code archive:

  Unpack archive to a directory accessible during compilation.    Make sure that directories structure is preserved.
  Run ./configure to create makefiles. Run ./configure --help to see    information about supported compilation options.
  If configuration process completed successfully, run make to compile    Squirrel Shell.
  Run make install to install Squirrel Shell on your computer. You may need    root privileges to perform this step.


"Unexpected error: Invalid byte sequence in conversion input" in gedit

I’ve been facing the same issue. For me the problem was that the encoding of the file had changed since it was last opened with Gedit (from WINDOWS-1252 to UTF-8). As I had manually set the encoding when first opening the file, Gedit had saved this information and tried to reuse it the next time I opened the file after the encoding change; this resulted in said error message.

To fix the problem, I had to remove the saved encoding information from the gvfs metadata like so:

gvfs-set-attribute --type unset MY_FILE.txt 'metadata::gedit-encoding'

You can always find out what Gedit has saved about a particular file:

gvfs-info MY_FILE.txt | grep 'metadata::gedit'

For example, before issuing the above command, the output for my file was this:

  metadata::gedit-encoding: WINDOWS-1252
  metadata::gedit-position: 0
  metadata::gedit-spell-language: de_DE

After I had removed the encoding attribute, the output was just this:

  metadata::gedit-position: 0
  metadata::gedit-spell-language: de_DE


Where can I get Ubuntu's Gnome Settings source code?

The source code for the Ubuntu package is at https://launchpad.net/gnome-control-center


Why doesn't .mkv files play properly with ubuntu-restricted-extra?

Its a BUG....in the meantime...

Install VLC

VLC is a free and open source cross-platform multimedia player and framework that plays most multimedia files as well as DVD, Audio CD, VCD, and various streaming protocols.

Open Synaptic application

Click on System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager.
In Settings -> Repositories, make sure you have an universe repository activated.

Search for vlc and install it, as well as vlc-plugin-pulse. You may also want to install mozilla-plugin-vlc.

If you are interested in streaming or transcoding, you should additionnally install libavcodec-extra-52 from a multiverse repository.
Command line way

You need to check that a universe mirror is listed in your /etc/apt/sources.list file.

% sudo apt-get update
% sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-pulse mozilla-plugin-vlc


This seems to be a problem with IBus. The only solution I know at the moment is to remove IBus and to restart Lightdm. If you are a command line user you can enter the following commands into a terminal:

sudo apt-get remove ibus
sudo service lightdm restart

However you can also open your favorite package manager, search for ibus and remove it. After this is done log out and login again (a reboot will also do). Now you can use your keyboard with the Tor Browser Bundle.


Solved it :P

The problem was about the ALAC codec, fixed by installing libavcodec-extra-54 (had to uninstall a bunch of other packages, sadly). Then rhythmbox suggested an additional gstreamer plug-in and now everything's fine.


How do I create my own custom hosts file?

Using the environment variable HOSTALIASES:

Define the environment variable HOSTALIASES

export HOSTALIASES=~/.hosts

Create your private hosts file and add a test entry

echo 'myprivategoogle www.google.com' > ~/.hosts

Start a test

curl myprivategoogle

without the entry in ~/.hosts you would get

curl: (6) Could not resolve host: myprivategoogle

with the entry you have

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<TITLE>302 Moved</TITLE>

302 Moved

The document has moved
here.


Compiz - What effect I really don't need

All effects are great if you like them. I soon turned them off after I installed them as they nearly all slow the computer down. I keep on some of the basic settings, otherwise I wouldn't personally bother :)

Try them all, play with them until you are happy with the feel then if you get bored, change them, and have fun.


Install cURL library to satisfy dependency for R on Ubuntu 12.04

For PHP:

install curl

sudo apt-get install php5-curl

restart apache

sudo apache2ctl restart


/dev/xvda1 is a partition.  You don't create partitions inside partitions.  You wanted fdisk /dev/xvda.


Wireless not connected on Ubuntu 15.04 using tplink tl wn823n adapter

Here is How I fixed it.
My Lenovo ideapad Y560 has an internal intel centerino 1000BGN wireless adapter. This adapter does not work on Windows and I am using a TPlink 823N USB adapter. In Linux, due to intel chipset, Ubuntu loads iwlDvm, which is first layer driver to detect Wifi, then iwlwifi driver to use to connect to it.

I need only iwldvm to recognize the wireless networks; I have no need of iwlwifi.

I reinstalled Ubuntu and this time I just blacklisted the iwlwifi driver and restarted.

Here are the commands:

sudo -i
echo "blacklist iwlwifi" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
modprobe -r iwlwifi
exit

Now I am able to connect to wifi network. I think there's still a problem as connection drops after some time. But it has been partially fixed. I think I have to get the realtek driver package and then it will work fully.


Ubuntu Server 19.10 i386 for Raspberry Pi

The ubuntu server for the Raspberry pi is designed for an arm processor and will not work on an i386 laptop.

Debian still offers server or desktop for i386 machines.


How to have varnish-modules installed on 20.04

You can install latest available varnish modules deb package (Built on 22-07-2020) by executing below commands in terminal.
wget -c 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/v/varnish-modules/varnish-modules_0.16.0-2_amd64.deb'

sudo dpkg -i varnish-modules_0.16.0-2_amd64.deb

Fix missing dependencies.
sudo apt install -f

In case it future it new version is available, you can find latest package by vising link here.