how to install Nepali font such that the terminal can display it

I am using Konsole (terminal) & every thing is working now.


Here you can find solution for Firefox

For fixing Chrome do the following:

Set IPv6 DNS servers - Public Google DNS - 2001:4860:4860::8888 and 2001:4860:4860::8844
In Chrome open chrome://net-intenals/dns#dns and click button "Clear host cache".


How to remove .local suffix from Ubuntu hostname?

Your clients will need at least one way to resolve the hostname to an IP address. The mechanism you already discovered works through automatic configuration and happens within the .local domain name.

You could define the mapping from hostname to IP addresses on every client, but this is not recommended practice.

You will have to go through some kind of automatic name resolution mechanism, all of which require use of some kind of domain name in the background.

However, you can easily get rid of having to type the domain name each time by doing one of:

ssh hostname canonicalisation

If you put the following into /etc/ssh_config or ~/.ssh/config:

Host *
  CanonicalDomains local
  CanonicalizeHostname yes

ssh will automatically append local to any hostname. So when you type ssh host it will actually do ssh host.local.

search domains

While the above will work only for ssh, you can also configure a similar thing for all network connections by configuring the dns resolver on your client accordingly. It is the "classical" way of having hostname shortcuts.

Depending on which setup you have, you would add local to the list of search domains. This is what I do. There should be plenty description for this available, like this.

hardcoding to /etc/hosts

This is not recommended at all, because although it seems simple in the beginning, it will become hard to maintain soon. But it is the only way known to me that allows to completely get rid of domain names.

Edit the file /etc/hosts and add lines like this:

192.168.1.3 host3
192.168.1.4 host4

While the first word in each line is the IP address of the corresponding host. You have to do that on every client. After that you can use ssh host3, and not even in the background a domain name will be used.


How do I script to open a set of programs each on specific workspace?

jdp407's idea of using compizconfig will associate a particular application with a particular workspace so that EVERY TIME that application is opened, it is placed in the corresponding workspace. If this isn't desired you can do the following:

1) Install wmctrl

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

2) Create a file with the following content and make it executable

#!/bin/bash
wmctrl -s 0 #Switches to workspace 0 [workspaces are numbered from 0]
gnome-terminal & #Say you want a terminal in the 0th workspace
nautilus & #Maybe a file browser too
sleep 2 #Windows take some time to open. If you switch immediately, they'll open up in wrong workspaces. May have to change the value 2.
wmctrl -s 1 #Switches to workspace 1
firefox & #You get the idea. Continue for all workspaces
sleep 2
wmctrl -s 0 #You will be left at this workspace when the script finishes executing

3) Call this script from .xsessionrc in your home directory [if you may have to create this file] to automate the process at each login. Or you can just call it from a terminal when needed. EDIT: Put it in "Startup Applications", not .xsessionrc. .xsessionrc will execute even before the desktop environment has finished loading.

You may want to create a custom xsession as suggested by jdp407, so that you have two sessions to choose from, one which opens these applications automatically and one which doesn't. But that seems unnecessary to me.

If you feel that switching to a workspace, opening appropriate applications and then switching to the next is time consuming you can open all applications in one shot, and then move the windows using wmctrl. For example

wmctrl -r 'Firefox' -t 1

will shift a window with Firefox in it's title to workspace 1. If more than one window exists, the first in the list of windows managed by wmctrl will be moved. You'll need to know the title of the windows that will be created by the applications to use this. That's why I didn't suggest this as the primary option. If titles will be unambiguous as is the case with most commonly used apps then this is the way to go.

Opening applications in fullscreen:

Some applications like gnome-terminal have command-line arguments to open a window in maximised state or in fullscreen mode. If such options exist use them. Otherwise use wmctrl as follows

wmctrl -r 'prasanth@nb37' -b add,maximized_vert,maximized_horz

This maximises my (already existing) terminal window.

wmctrl -r 'prasanth@nb37' -b add,fullscreen

This sends the window to fullscreen mode.

Go through wmctrl's man page. You may find use for more of its functionality.


ssh server when port forwarding not available

The answer is something called reverse ssh tunelling.
Explanations on how it works and how to do it can be found on another question on stack exchange: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/46235/how-does-reverse-ssh-tunneling-work


Could not write bytes: broken pipe - looking for log of removed packages

awk '/^Remove/' /var/log/apt/history.log

That'll show you the most recently removed packages, oldest in the log will be first. Histories are archived over time so you might find you need to check older files (I have 12 numbered archives) to check the first:

zcat /var/log/apt/history.log.1.gz | awk '/^Remove/'

Or you can do them all at once:

zgrep -E --color '^Remove' /var/log/apt/history*

I'm not sure if that could ever be that useful though as it's probably going to show you way too much information.


Building a .deb file, install dependencies too

Gdebi
gdebi installs a deb package and its dependencies. To use it run:
sudo gdebi package.deb

In newer versions of Ubuntu, this is not installed by default, so you will need to install it from the repositories.
See man gdebi for a full list of options.
gdebi is the command line equivalent to the graphical tool of the same name that used to be included by default in Ubuntu. The command for the graphical tool is gdebi-gtk and has similar functionality:


It's possible, that MongoDB doesn't start if you use the Trusty packages:

Failed to start mongod.service: Unit mongod.service failed to load: No such file or directory.

In this case, install the Debian Wheezy packages as described at the end.

Install the Trusty DEB packages

Download the DEB files

cd
wget http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu/dists/trusty/mongodb-org/3.0/multiverse/binary-amd64/mongodb-org-mongos_3.0.3_amd64.deb
wget http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu/dists/trusty/mongodb-org/3.0/multiverse/binary-amd64/mongodb-org-server_3.0.3_amd64.deb
wget http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu/dists/trusty/mongodb-org/3.0/multiverse/binary-amd64/mongodb-org-shell_3.0.3_amd64.deb
wget http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu/dists/trusty/mongodb-org/3.0/multiverse/binary-amd64/mongodb-org-tools_3.0.3_amd64.deb
wget http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu/dists/trusty/mongodb-org/3.0/multiverse/binary-amd64/mongodb-org_3.0.3_amd64.deb

And install with (in this order)

sudo dpkg -i mongodb-org-server_3.0.3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mongodb-org-tools_3.0.3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mongodb-org-shell_3.0.3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mongodb-org-mongos_3.0.3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mongodb-org_3.0.3_amd64.deb

And taken from the comments, thank you @Pilot6:

  They may have dependencies to each other. That's why installation
  packages one by one may give errors. I suggest sudo dpkg -i mongodb*.deb

Use the Trusty PPA

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 7F0CEB10
echo "deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu trusty/mongodb-org/3.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.0.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org

Use the Debian Wheezy packages

It's possible, that MongoDB doesn't start if you use the Trusty packages:

Failed to start mongod.service: Unit mongod.service failed to load: No such file or directory.

In this case, install the Debian Wheezy packages as described below

sudo apt-get remove mongodb-org
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.0.list
sudo echo "deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian wheezy/mongodb-org/3.0 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.0.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org


Ubuntu 16.04 installation in HP notebook

That's probably related to secure boot, or the uefi is setup to boot in windows. You should be able to configure the boot system from the firmware/bios, or from windows.
Did you try to access the boot order menu when booting?
More info:

http://www.rodsbooks.com/linux-uefi/
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI#Disabling_SecureBoot_in_the_BIOS


The Program Files directory for wine is in ~/.wine/drive_c. The ProgramData, users
and windows folders that you are used to in windows are also located in ~/.wine


Create a new file called /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.disable-suspend.pkla with the following contents:

[Disable suspend (upower)]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.suspend
ResultActive=no
ResultInactive=no
ResultAny=no

[Disable suspend (logind)]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.suspend
ResultActive=no
ResultInactive=no
ResultAny=no

[Disable suspend when others are logged in (logind)]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.suspend-multiple-sessions
ResultActive=no
ResultInactive=no
ResultAny=no

and then reboot.

This tells PolicyKit to automatically say "no" whenever anything asks if it's OK/possible to suspend.  Logout menus will react to this by automatically removing the 'Suspend' menu choice.

I don't quite understand why, but the upower setting is needed for KDE but does not affect Unity.  The login1 settings are needed for Unity but do not affect KDE.


Answering my own question here... I actually ended up having luck by just disabling USB audio with pavucontrol (package pavucontrol). To do this select the Configuration tab, then set the USB Audio to the Off Profile. Like so:

Now on startup it always selects the built in audio device:


After you put your device 'wlan0' into monitor mode, it most likely shows up as 'mon0'.

check this by doing: ifconfig after you put it into the monitor-mode. You should see something other than before.

check out Aircrack-ng, using airmon-ng to change to monitor mode for understanding what airmon-ng does.

so: 'wlan0' is not found, because it is no more a active device, since you put it into monitor-mode. just use 'mon0' instead.


well if you have any problem with Ubuntu forums login then forum Moderators are ready to help you always and you can use any IRC client to join with them at #ubuntuforums.

If you would like to talk with them from the browser then you can do it from http://webchat.freenode.net/

hope that helps.


That black display of grub indicates that the system is not able to find the boot option in your flash drive .

May be your flash disk is not successfully created ..or you have chosen wrong option for launching.

Just change the boot order and see if your previous windows is opening or not.

Then check options for your flash disk those are usb disk(uefi)
And           usb disk ..
If your windows is of gpt partition scheme just select first uefi option in bios.
If not then select another.

If you want to check your partition scheme then
Open command prompt in windows as win+R .
Then type cmd

Type diskpart..
Type list disk
In that under gpt column if it shows *
Then your system is in uefi. Else msdos.

So select according to this .
Definitely this will work if i got the correct problem of yours..

Hope it could help you..


Reset terminal 256 colour palette to default values

Instead of 4, use 104 to reset a particular color, e.g. color number 108 as in your example:

printf "\033]104;108\033\\"

Omit the color number to reset the entire palette (all the 256 colors):

printf "\033]104\033\\"

Note: GNOME Terminal (actually VTE) uses two "levels" for colors. The colors set via VTE's API (or in case of GNOME Terminal, the first 16 colors chosen in the Preferences dialog and stored in gsettings/dconf, the rest are VTE's hardcoded defaults) have lower precedence. For each slot, a possible escape sequence has higher precedence and temporarily overrides this value. The above escape sequence with the "104" parameter "resets", that is clears the value specified via escape sequence "4" and hence reverts to the value specified in GNOME Terminal's preferences dialog (or VTE's default for the extended 256-color palette). Due to this design, there's absolutely no way a gsettings or dconf command could revert the effect of a color changing escape sequence. Other, non VTE based terminal emulators might follow a different approach, or might not support these escape sequences at all.


Let me stress the relevant part:

  a word consisting solely of underscores, digits, and alphabetics from the portable character set

Other characters in the portable character set are not allowed. Character being in the portable character set is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition.


Partition not reflecting correct size after growing disk space on EC2

xvda    202:0    0   16G  0 disk
└─xvda1 202:1    0   16G  0 part /

This indicates that your root partition is 16 GB. You will need to grow your filesystem too. If it is a ext4 filesystem it is something like:

sudo resize2fs /dev/xvda1

After this, df -h should show root (/) to be near to 16 GB.


My cpu fan makes more noise while running Ubuntu 13.04?


You gave realpath a relative path, to a file in the current directory.

The file (which may be a directory) may or may not exist. realpath does not care by default. It reports the path regardless of whether its last element exists.

If you want it to only report paths that exist, use the -e flag:

zanna@toaster:~/playground$ realpath playground
/home/zanna/playground/playground
zanna@toaster:~/playground$ realpath ~/playground
/home/zanna/playground
zanna@toaster:~/playground$ realpath -e playground
realpath: playground: No such file or directory


How do I make the script to run automatically when tun0 interface up/down events?

I am not sure about tun0, but I think the script in /etc/network/if-up.d/ and /etc/network/if-down.d/ are invoked when an interface goes up or down, respectively.

Inside the script you can determine which interface is interested from the content of the variable IFACE.

To be sure, add a simple script to /etc/network/if-up.d/ which content is

#!/bin/sh
# filename: tun-up

if [ "$IFACE" = tun0 ]; then
  echo "tun0 up" >> /var/log/tun-up.log
fi

make it executable

sudo chmod +x /etc/network/if-up.d/tun-up

then see if the up events are recorded in /var/log/tun-up.log


Someone Knows of a Viewer GUI opening Patch file for Reading Only?

The answer is that this capability has nothing to do with loggerhead.

From the log file of the re-install all packages cmd. line :

$ sudo dpkg --set-selections < Precise.12.04.Installed.Packages.Marius-PC.New.log

I found at line 61 dpkg: warning: package not in database at line 191: bzr-gtk along with 4 other bzr-* packages. Meaning that these 5 packages are unavailable for Trusty 14.04.

A quick search gave me more information @ http://wiki.bazaar.canonical.com/bzr-gtk where the latest sources are said to be only compatible with bzr >= 2.1 and <= 2.5. In Trusty 14.04 the used bzr version is 2.6.0. The latest package was available in the Bazaar Daily Builds ppa build for Precise 12.04.

This picture is the way it looked in an ancient release of Ubuntu...

So unless there is some source adjustment this package is now dead.


Found the solution, it turns out that the focus stealing prevention level has been set too high.

You can change the focus prevention level under the Focus & Raise Behaviorlabel in General Options of CCSM.


Gnome 3 ppa was unstable until April 28th, so is it ok now?

The Desktop Team has been very busy getting Ubuntu 11.04 out the door. The transition to Gnome 3 is very big and there has not been sufficient time or attention put into the Gnome3 PPA so it is still experimental and not recommended for use.

In other words, installing the PPA and upgrading your system will definitely result in you having various issues even in Unity. The gsettings migration also causes many integration issues. I have previously lost work because of gnome-power-manager problems when the computer auto shut off because I was unaware that my laptop had become unplugged 2 hours previous.

Do not even attempt to use the PPA unless you are very familiar with how ppa-purge works.

For a smooth Gnome 3 experience on Ubuntu, wait 6 months for Ubuntu 11.10. The PPA may get better in the next few weeks but there are limits to what can be accomplished in a PPA.


Open your terminal and do as

sudo -i

give the password and then type as

apt-get update ; apt-get -u upgrade ;apt-get -y dist-upgrade

at doing upgrade and dist-upgrade its gives you a prompt of Y/N to install the updates with the same above message , Give Yes and then all updates will be installed .


Can I reenable Secure boot after having installed Ubuntu 15.04 successfully next to Win 8.1?

can I now reenable secure boot?

Sure.  From the 1st link below:

  It is not required to disable SecureBoot in the firmware to install Ubuntu on a Windows 8 machine. Ubuntu 12.04.2+ are SecureBoot-compatible. Any machine that ships with the recommended Microsoft Third-Party Marketplace keys in firmware will be able to boot Ubuntu under SecureBoot. If there is any problem file a launchpad bug for the shim package.

  Also while googling I read smth about 'fast boot' which one is supposed to turn off (at least in recent versions) Should I do this too?

Yes.

  What exactly is secure boot/fast boot?

Topics on secure boot and fast boot:

Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI
Why disable Fast Boot on Windows 8 when having dual booting?

The 1st link is an in-depth how-to. The 2nd one is mine and has an image explaining fast boot.


AMD ATI Cards in Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS Unable to access fglrx on a Headless Server

I could be wrong but I think FGLRX was deprecated after 14.04.1. You'll either need to roll-back or try the newer amdgpu driver (open source) or amdgpu pro from AMD website (proprietary driver) if your card is listed as supported on the AMD website.


KDE: Register a permanent global shortcut

To change the lock shortcut, go to the "Global Keyboard Shortcuts" module and select "The KDE Session Manager" component, then click "Lock Session", select "Custom" and press "None". Then press the shortcut.

For #2, see this answer.


Existing Java package does not satisfy dependency during package installation

So its simple.. First remove your existing java packages then clean your system, and then try installing again..

These steps would solve your issue, run it in a series.:

Removing java and all dependent packages.

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get --purge remove openjdk-7*
sudo apt-get autoremove openjdk-7*
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -f install

Then finally install arduino

sudo apt-get install arduino

Reply if something goes wrong..


upgrade failed, no grub! How to rescue my files?

OK! Michael's comment was answer too, actually. And it is really useful...
One of ways to do is just remove hard drive from that computer and connect it to other computer- than copy all files to that other computer.

My future reccomendation: Use USB Flash to store your important files;)


Permissions, don't even know how to resolve without reinstalling Ubuntu

Not sure if this will work. Just giving the answer out of intuition.

Try creating a new account with the same name as the Other Account (Old One).
Then use chown with root permissions to change the ownership to your new account.


How to increase the icon text size in Ubuntu 18.04?

Open dconf Editor. If not yet installed, install it by the following command in terminal.
sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install dconf-editor -y
search with keywords nautilus, open /org/gnome/nautilus/
open Desktop and then choose font (Desktop font)
give your preferred value.

please see the below pics, where i changed font sizes from 'sans normal' 5,10,15 & 20


Chromium webbrowser freezes when start (ERROR:nss_util.cc(397))

This has been fixed in Chromium build >= 104421 or Chrome version >= 15:
http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=91962#c36

Consider a) using a ppa:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:chromium-daily/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

..or b) use the proposed repository in ubuntu

..or c) the evil workaround (comment #31 or #32):
http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=91962#c31

Bug tracking at launchpad: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/chromium-browser/+bug/881607


Ubuntu 16.04 stuck at LightDM login screen

I ran into the same problem when I tried to switch to proprietary graphics driver from settings.
By default x server was in charge. Provided that you got a similar issue here, you can try to uninstall the driver.

In my case, I had Nvidia, so I went to tty1 by Ctrl + Alt + F1,
then enter login and password,
and use purge to uninstall:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia* && sudo reboot


I managed to solve the issue by using xdotool and xsel

def cb(name):
     paste = 'xdotool key ctrl+v'
     enter = 'xdotool key Tab'
     print("Executing *******************")
     command = 'echo '+ name.strip()+' | xsel -b'
     print ("command copy > ",command)
     os.system(command)
     print ("command paste> ",paste)
     os.system(paste)
     print ("command enter> ",enter)
     os.system(enter)

Name is any string value that can be sent as argument (number, alphabets , Thai text).

First I copy the name to the clipboard.
Second i paste the input from the clipboard.
Third i press (simulate ) tab and move to the next input box.

Hope this helps someone in future .


Unable to install android studio dependency is not satisfiable

I found solution by installing Android Studio from here


How to rename the exisitng cell names based on number of their occurnaces in a particular column?

Using Miller (https://github.com/johnkerl/miller) starting from

REF
BV1013_1
BV1013_1
BV1013_2
BV1013_2
BV1026
BV1040
BV1040
BV1041
BV1041
BV1042
BV1042

and running

mlr --csv step -a counter -f REF -g REF then put '$Desire=$REF."_".$REF_counter' then cut -x -f REF_counter input.csv

you will have

REF,Desire
BV1013_1,BV1013_1_1
BV1013_1,BV1013_1_2
BV1013_2,BV1013_2_1
BV1013_2,BV1013_2_2
BV1026,BV1026_1
BV1040,BV1040_1
BV1040,BV1040_2
BV1041,BV1041_1
BV1041,BV1041_2
BV1042,BV1042_1
BV1042,BV1042_2


How do I create a multimedia shortcut on a keyboard without multimedia keys?

Yes you can! If you are using banshee, Open the keyboard preferences. Click on the second tab named "Shortcuts".
In the left pane, click on custom shortcuts. Click on + sign:

In name put:

Music next

In command put:

banshee --next

Now in the right pane click and put your own accelerator for this.

Enjoy!!!


NetworkManager does not start automatically

Network manager is in fact a (local) server, that acts on requests of a (local) client. This client is normaly the network applet in a desktop and thus of course belongs to a GUI session.

Small explain

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| run level |             name                |     Description                                                             |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|     2     |         Multi-User Mode         | Does not configure network interfaces and does not export networks services |
|     3     | Multi-User Mode with Networking | Starts the system normally                                                  |
|     4     | Not used / user definable       | For special purposes                                                        |
|     5     | System normally with GUI        | Run level 3 + display manager                                               |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Propose for you is to disable Network Manager and configure interfaces manually.

Stop the Network Manager process

sudo service network-manager stop

Disable it

echo "manual" | sudo tee /etc/init/network-manager.override

or you can remove NetworkManager from the system

sudo apt-get purge network-manager

Then you need to manually set network

Edit /etc/network/interfaces and write ip,netmask ...

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address xxx.xxx.x.xx
gateway xxx.xxx.x.x
netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.x
network xxx.xxx.x.x
broadcast xxx.xxx.x.xxx

After entering all the details you need to restart networking services using the following command

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

Setting up DNS

Edit /etc/resolv.conf

sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf

write

nameserver dns_server_ip
nameserver dns2_server_ip

After this step, your network will be configured without NM and will be work on run level 3 and 5.

Edit 1

You can start any app when login into GUI automatically if you put a .desktop file in ~/.config/autostart to run applications after a user login. This may have following content:

nano ~/.config/autostart/nm.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=<Name of application as displayed>
Exec=<command to execute>
Icon=<full path to icon>
Comment=<optinal comments>
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true


Installing Ubuntu 20.04 on Thinkpad X1 carbon: Corrupted the solid state storage. Boot from USB Ubuntu 20.04 installation stick to fix?

I created a bootable Ubuntu installation flash drive on my Dell Legacy Ubbuntu computer by Burning a downloaded .iso file onto the flash drive using the standard ap "Startup Disk Creator".  I plugged the USB device into the Thinkpad, and truned on the Thinkpad.  The hard drive of the Thinkpad had been so corrupted that I had to do a little fiddling to get the Thinkpad to boot from the USB stick; but I succeeded, and th installation of Ubuntu 20.04 on the Thinkpad proceeded with absolutely no problems. In fact, I'm posting this note using the Thinkpad.
:)
One (minor) remaining problem:  The Thinkpad's Trackpad doesn't work (that's what made the computer cheap :).  My workaround:  I use an optical mouse.
(I wonder if it is possible and easy to replace the Trackpad with a working one?)
--  Saul


You can boot Ubuntu without a live CD, but it is a bit complicated.
First you have to enter the grub command line: press c on the selection screen.
you will probably have to load some modules:

insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2

then set the root partition, this is not your real root but where the kernel is installed:

set root='(hdX,msdosX)

auto completion should help here.
Set the kernel:

linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-XX-generic root=/dev/sdxX

again use tab for auto completion for the kernel. You will probably have to guess device (after root=) , it is probably something like /dev/sda1, /dev/sdb1. You will have to try till you find the rigth one.

then the initrd:

initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-XX-generic

make sure to use the version number matches the kernels one.
and finaly:

boot

Your system should boot up now.
You can try:

sudo update-grub

to fix your bootloader.


Updated - January 25, 2020

1. The quick way

Before adding this PPA, please read the PPA's Description on their page which mentions important information about using it, which version is right for your Nvidia card and more. This is for desktop users who want the latest version of the driver or the last supported one for their card.

Using 18.04+ To install run the following command:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa

This will automatically update the repositories and then you can run the following line:

sudo apt install nvidia-driver-440

If your desktop does not load after installing the corresponding driver, then do the following:

sudo nano /etc/gdm3/custom.conf

then remove the comment (# symbol) from the line that says

# WaylandEnable=false

and save. Then reboot. If this still does not work, then please disable Secure Boot since you might actually be using UEFI.

2. Common questions regarding Nvidia

For Troubleshooting Nvidia Problems or Overclocking Settings please see this answer which covers:

What common bugs are solved by using the latest drivers?
My video card is not installing (Installation problems)
Tuning and Tweaking by Video card
Quick way of setting default screen resolution

Top questions asked about video cards discussed below:

Can I use the latest driver on an older version of Ubuntu?
Difference between video cards & drivers: Official Nvidia site, Ubuntu's Default, PPA & Nouveau?
What PPAs are recommended when using any video card?
How to know which driver or package to install?
How to install a driver?
Difference between Proprietary Drivers?
How to know if my video card is supported in Ubuntu?

2.1 Can I use the latest driver on an older version of Ubuntu?

Since 12.04+, video drivers are maintained and updated more often. It is easier to handle and solve the problems that showed with older ones. You most likely won't need additional PPAs unless you have the latest Nvidia card.

2.2 Difference between video cards & drivers: Official Nvidia site, Ubuntu's Default, PPA & Nouveau

I recommend them in the following order according to problems found, how the "out of the box" experience feels to end users, how compatible they are, how easy it is to update, install or remove and how it will feel once you have it set up:

Nvidia PPA - Great Performance. It works out of the box for most cards by using the driver included in the PPA (Which are different for each generation of Nvidia cards.
Ubuntu Default Recommended Drivers - Ubuntu does an amazing job in figuring out which Nvidia driver you need depending on the card you are using.
Nouveau - This is the open source implementation of the Nvidia driver. They also do an amazing job and although they are not on par with the official drivers or the ones in the PPA (Even more so with the latest Nvidia cards), the speed of development, the commitment, dedication and advancements that they do per week, gives confident that this is in fact an option to have and promote.
Official Nvidia Site - These are the official drivers (Same as the ones in the PPA), the key difference is that they do not upgrade automatically and have some issues when updating, uninstalling and installing (Very rare but it happens).

The differences can be summed in the following points:

Official Site

Offers the latest driver
Installation is through the terminal
When an update appears you have to manually download the new package
It has more issues than any other method (Specially for Nvidia)

PPA Repositories

Offers the latest driver hours/days after its official release
Installation is either through terminal or GUI
If you have a previously installed a driver it will update the package automatically
When an update appears you will be notified to update using the Update Manager
It is more stable and tested than the official ones
It has less issues than using any other method (Less issues for all video cards)
It is the 1st recommended way for Nvidia Cards.

Default Ubuntu Drivers

For every new release the drivers get better and better
Gets updated less frequently than a PPA
In most cases the drivers will work out of the box (Nouveau for Nvidia)
Not up to date when compared with the official site or a PPA
It is by far, more tested in Ubuntu than any other way (PPA or Official)
Easier to update

2.4 How to know which driver or package to install?

Depending on how many video cards you have and if they are integrated or not, the installation method and packages to install will change from the PPA mentioned above which is for Single Cards.

Computer with two video cards in hybrid mode

Starting with Nvidia 319.xx, both Nvidia Optimus and the common PCIe drivers are integrated into one, so if you install the Nvidia-319 package or newer, you will get the driver for the Integrated Nvidia cards and also for the PCI ones.

There are two solutions possible for hybrid cards: The first one is a package called bumblebee, which is able to use different configurations for different applications. To install it, run:

sudo apt install bumblebee linux-headers-generic

The second one is an official NVIDIA package called nvidia-prime, which is automatically installed together with the nvidia-355 package. It is able to decide on which card to use at profile level, i.e. when the user logs in. This decision is adjustable at NVIDIA X Server Settings Control Panel. Note that nvidia-prime and bumblebee are incompatible: If bumblebee is installed then nvidia-prime won't function correctly, and its options won't be shown at NVIDIA X Server Settings Control Panel. You'll have to 1. remove bumblebee 2. reinstall nvidia-430 in order to make it work again.

After this, it is recommended to turn off the computer and then back on.

The following picture should be seen with nvidia-prime installed, but not necessarily when bumblebee is also installed.

Computers with a SLI setup

If you have 2 or more video cards in SLI mode you can do the following:

For NVidia cards, when creating the Xorg.conf add the following to the line:

sudo nvidia-xconfig --sli=On

Lastly, Ubuntu has a neat way of recommending which driver to use depending on your video card and drivers available (This is why I also recommend adding the PPAs first). Simply type:

ubuntu-drivers devices

It should show you a list of driver packages available for your hardware, including but not limited to the video card. If you wish to see which driver is recommended for your video card then simply type the following:

ubuntu-drivers devices | grep recommended

2.5 How to install a driver?

The method used will depend on how many video cards you have and which type of video cards you are using. The following are some of the ways of installing an Nvidia video card:

NVIDIA (old drivers that need the headers)

For Nvidia, many times you need to first install the header files of the kernel version you are using at that moment for the driver to install correctly. So you would first need to execute the following line:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic

And then install the package related to the driver (nvidia* for Nvidia cards). In other cases you might need to go a little further and install the sources and specific header files, for example:

sudo apt install linux-source linux-headers-3.5.0-16-generic

which installs the linux-source package and the specific header file assuming you have in this case the 3.5.0-16-generic kernel version.

To check which version you have at any given time type uname -r which should give you the specific kernel version in use.

For Nvidia, it depends on the video card and package needed for it, for the latest video cards and assuming you added the PPA mentioned above, the terminal line would be:

sudo apt install nvidia-driver-440

The number at the end would change depending on how old your video card is or how new it is (Some versions available are 390, 410, 415 and 418).

For GeForce 10, 20 and RTX series GPUs use nvidia-430
For GeForce 8 and 9 series GPUs use nvidia-340
For GeForce 6 and 7 series GPUs use nvidia-304

The latest versions bring more fixes and correct issues related to graphics corruption, HDMI support, thermal support and more for the latest Nvidia cards. Normally, updating the video drivers solves many issues.

Note that Fan Control and any other Nvidia features that are not found on the nvidia-settings app, are not Ubuntu related, but Nvidia related. I would recommend, asking the Nvidia developers in the official Nvidia forum about features you may want to include (Fan Control, Overclocking features, etc...)

CUDA

For CUDA you can follow this link Installing and testing CUDA in Ubuntu 14.04

Bumblebee

For Bumblebee (NVIDIA Optimus) you can use the following PPA (Ubuntu 15.04+ users can optionally not do this since it is already included):

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install bumblebee linux-headers-generic

2.6 Difference between Proprietary Drivers?

Please visit Difference between Additional Drivers (Nvidia) for more information about Proprietary Drivers.

2.7 How to know if my video card is supported in Ubuntu?

Here are a couple of hints to know if your video card is supported in Ubuntu:

If the video card existed BEFORE the release of the Ubuntu version you are using, it has a 99% change it will be supported.
If the video card appeared less than 6 months AFTER the release of the Ubuntu version you are using and you kept that Ubuntu version updated, then you have a pretty good chance it will be supported.
If you added one of the PPAs I mentioned above then you have a 99.99% chance that it will be supported.
Checking the Nvidia Site or the PPA for support might yield a quicker answer, but in almost 100% of all cases, your video card will be supported either by the open source driver or by the proprietary driver.
Using the latest Ubuntu version will also improve your chances of having your latest video card supported.

In general, I make it a rule of thumb that if you have the latest video card or almost one of the latest video cards, you will need the latest drivers. So always install the latest drivers through the PPA or the Software Sources that come with Ubuntu if you have the latest Nvidia card.

NOTE - Ubuntu might show in the Graphics option in "About This Computer" the value Unknown. If this is happening, please install the mesa-utils package.

This answer is oriented towards resolving common Nvidia bugs (Black screen, drivers not working in general, low FPS, etc...)

What common bugs are solved by using the latest drivers?
My video card is not installing (Installation problems)
Tuning and Tweaking by Video card
Quick way of setting default screen resolution

2.7.1 What common bugs are solved by using the latest drivers?

Common bugs shared by all video cards are:

Missing Unity launcher or panel
Missing options inside Nvidia Settings
Desktop does not appear (Black screen)
Top/Bottom of the screen are cut out
Video looks cut into pieces
Higher Resolutions are not usable (Not found)
Video shows with VGA but not with HDMI (And Vice Versa)
Suspend not working on Laptop when closing Lid
Fan speed makes a lot of noise or is always at full speed
Heat Problems
nvidia-xconfig not creating xorg.conf correctly

If you happen to have any of this, it is a good idea to add one of the PPAs and update your video drivers to the latest they can manage. In almost all cases, the problem is solved after updating and rebooting. For these cases I also recommend using the Graphics Drivers PPA.

I also invite you to take a look at some of the related questions:

Which ATI/AMD, or Intel, or NVIDIA Graphics for Unity?

What is the correct way to install proprietary ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) directly from AMD?

How to correctly enable Desktop Cube in Unity 3D?

Enable HDMI audio for an Nvidia card

How do I enable desktop visual effects?

NVIDIA drivers not working after upgrade. Why can I only see terminal?

Desktop does not show when I installed nvidia drivers!

Black screen on latest Nvidia/Ati Cards when starting LightDM/Ubuntu

HDMI/VGA connection cuts borders of screen or creates blurry text

/etc/X11/xorg.conf doesn't exist?

Installing latest Nvidia from Xorg PPA gives black screen

Now some pointers I want to mention:

For NVIDIA Cards, it also helps to create the xorg.conf file using the nvidia-xconfig command line. Just go in the terminal to type the following and then reboot:

sudo nvidia-xconfig

Know that if nvidia-xconfig throws one of the following errors you most likely need to delete the existing xorg.conf file first before executing the nvidia-xconfig command again:

VALIDATION ERROR - It can mention section missing, incorrect information in a section, not closed sections or simply requiring at least 1 section to proceed.
WARNING - It can mention several errors in values regarding any parameter found in a section, for example not specifying explicitly a value for a parameter.
FATAL SERVER ERROR - After running nvidia-xconfig you can get in small cases a "no screens found" error which most likely means that the recommendations mentioned above like installing the PPA were not applied first or a possible module is still working (Either the nouveau is loading or an nvidia driver installed using the Nvidia driver package from the nvidia site.
ERROR - You will get an error similar to Unable to write to directory '/etc/X11' if you executed the nvidia-xconfig command without sudo. If the error persists via the nvidia-settings you need to delete the xorg.conf file first.

For all the cases where you need to delete the xorg.conf file, please make sure to backup any changes to did to it before deleting it.
Reinstalling the driver solves several issues. For example, if you are using the nvidia-graphics-drivers-355 driver package, then do the following to reinstall it:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall nvidia-graphics-drivers-355

Reinstalling Xorg also helps in other cases:

Remove existing xorg using the following command

sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg

Install xorg using the following command

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg

Reconfigure xorg using the following command

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

After this it is recommended to reinstall the video driver if you are using Nvidia or ATI as mentioned above.

I have to add that if you suffer from Black Screen after installing the Nvidia drivers from the PPA and rebooting (And you don't have a Hybrid System) then your problem might be the need to remove the bumblebee package along with the bumblebee.conf file. Follow the steps provided in Installing latest Nvidia from Xorg PPA gives black screen for this or simply run the following lines:

sudo apt-get purge bumblebee primus
sudo rm -fr /etc/modprobe.d/bumblebee.conf
sudo reboot

2.7.2 My video card is not installing correctly (Installation problems)

Most installation problems related to ATI or Nvidia can be solved by following the steps provided in Can not install Nvidia driver but in short I can summarize that in the following steps assuming you have one of the following issues:

Installed the official Nvidia drivers and have a problem updating or removing them
Screen looks wrong/corrupted
Unity does not load of fails to load
Can not access the GUI environment in no way

If you have installed the official Nvidia Drivers, follow all steps below after having started Ubuntu in Recovery Mode. If not, skip to step 2:

If you installed the Nvidia driver from the Nvidia site or the ATI driver from the official AMD site, then type the following on the terminal (In this example assume you have the Ubuntu 64Bit with the 304.51 version of Nvidia):

sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-304.51.run --uninstall

If you have install any nvidia package like nvidia-current or nvidia-current-updates remove them. Same goes with ATI drivers. sudo apt-get remove nvidia-current for example.
ANY change you did to blacklist the Nvidia/ATI driver for instance or changes to any other files related to the Nvidia/ATI drivers should be reversed. This is just in case you went ahead and started editing like crazy (Which happens I know ^^).
Delete or backup/move the xorg.conf file. You will not need this file right now.
After doing all the steps above then Reboot the PC and make sure it loads with Nouveau and not with any Nvidia drivers for Nvidia cases or with ATI drivers and not with fglrx for Ati/AMD cases.
If right now you KNOW you are running Unity with the Nouveau driver (Or ATI open source driver) or if you just happened to get a video error, or it just fails to correctly load LightDM, do not worry, all 3 options will end the same way. When rebooting, in the GRUB menu, select the "Recovery Mode". After the recovery mode shows you the recover options, choose the root option or the Failsafe X option. In this modes and after all previous steps have been done, install the Nvidia/ATI driver using the PPA I mentioned above. Always try to install the latest driver if you have a recent video card: sudo apt-get install nvidia-430 for Nvidia cards or sudo apt-get install fglrx for the latest Ati/AMD Cards. Remember there should not be anything installed before doing this in regards to Nvidia/ATI drivers (Except obviously the Nouveau drivers).
Now reboot and all should work.

NOTE - In Step 6, if it looks as though the PC is stuck loading just press CTRL+ALT+F1 to go to the TTY1 terminal and do step 6 from there.

Other common installation problems involve resolution. You can check and change the resolution via terminal in the following way:

Open the terminal and type xrandr this will show you all possible supported resolutions (This depends on your video card and monitor/tv). Take note on the order they appear listed. The first line that shows the resolution is line 1, the next one is 2 and so on for all resolutions supported. A value of 0 will reset the resolution to the default one after you actually set a resolution.
Type xrandr -s X where X is the line number as mentioned above. So it would look something like: xrandr -s 1.

Lastly for users that have reported not seeing the Unity Launcher/Panel after updating the Kernel and/or Nvidia version, the first thing to do is to check if the Unity Plugin is enabled. For this go to the Compiz Config Settings Manager (Am assuming it is already installed) and go to the Unity Plugin. Check to see that the checkbox for it is activated. If not then activate this option and follow the on-screen suggestions.

2.7.3 Tuning and tweaking my video card

For Nvidia Video Cards follow these steps:

In the terminal type: sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf
Find the device section and add the following line:

 Option "Coolbits" "4"

it should look something like this:

 Section "Device"
     Identifier     "Device0"
     Driver         "nvidia"
     VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
     Option         "Coolbits" "4"
 EndSection

Now save and reboot. You should now see (Depending on your video card model) a new option about Fan Speed like this:

A brief explanation of CoolBits:

CoolBits enables various unsupported features, such as support for GPU clock manipulation in the NV-CONTROL X extension. This option accepts a bit mask of features to enable. Which means a value of 0, 1, 2 or 4.

CoolBits = 1 - When "1" (Bit 0) is set in the "Coolbits" option value, the nvidia-settings utility will contain a page labeled "Clock Frequencies" through which clock settings can be manipulated. "Coolbits" is only available on GeForce FX and Above.

CoolBits = 2 - When "2" (Bit 1) is set it will attempt to initialize SLI when using GPUs with different amounts of video memory.

CoolBits = 4 - When "4" (Bit 2) is set the Thermal Monitor page will allow configuration of GPU fan speed, on graphics boards with programmable fan capability.

The default option is 0 (unsupported features are disabled).

As of Nvidia 337.XX the following options are available:

CoolBits = 8 - When "8" (Bit 3) is set the PowerMizer page in the nvidia-settings control panel will display a table that allows setting per-clock domain and per-performance level offsets to apply to clock values. This is allowed on certain GeForce GPUs in the GeForce GTX 400 series and later. Not all clock domains or performance levels may be modified.

CoolBits = 12 - When "12" (Bit 3 + 2) this will be the same as activating the effects of Coolbits 8 + Coolbits 4. So you will get the new overclocking features and fan control.

This options can also be activated by issuing the following command:

nvidia-xconfig --cool-bits=4

WARNING: this may cause system damage and void warranties.

I also want to add that the information for Proprietary drivers is typically saved in the home folder. For example, the information saved by nvidia-settings is stored in ~/.nvidia-settings-rc which you can access by typing the following:

nano ~/.nvidia-settings-rc

I mention this because if the xorg.conf is not used, then how do the settings for ATI or Nvidia work? The reason is that X can automatically detect and configure many options of xorg.conf like input/output devices and Video cards. This did not happen automatically before, but since 2010, X can handle many options and detect them without any problems or the need to configure a file for them.

Note that, many of these are still present but divided into more specific files in /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/

For example, some video cards do not show the Unity Launcher or top panel unless xorg.conf is present. In other cases, users that want to tweak their video card, may need the Coolbits option which is added to xorg.conf. These are the reasons why nvidia-xconfig exists. To provide an additional level of support in case X does not detect or offer all the options for the video card.

Another trick is to run update-pciids so it updates the PCI Id List. On very rare cases, the ID is not found or detected incorrectly for the video card (Actually any PCI device) so this will help solve any problem related to it.

In some cases it also helps to change the Texture Filter value to Fast in the OpenGL Plugin inside the Compiz Config Settings Manager.

Lastly, changing the Image Settings options to "High Performance" in the OpenGL Settings of the Nvidia Settings Panel can help in some cases.

2.7.4 Quick way of setting default screen resolution

I have read and done some of the tips about using xrandr or editing the xorg.conf file, but the quickest way that I found was literally editing the ~/.config/monitors.xml file and changing the resolution around lines 15 to 18 (The ones that mention Width, Height and Rate). So set the correct Width, Height and Rate and reboot to test this. This is only to set the default resolution you wish to see once the computer starts.


How to compile TP-Link T9UH Wireless Driver without Internet Access? I'm running into issues

Please download this file on another computer and transfer it to the desktop of your Ubuntu computer with a USB key or similar. https://github.com/zebulon2/rtl8814au/archive/master.zip

Now open a terminal and do:

cd ~/Desktop
unzip master.zip
cd rtl8814au-master
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe 8814au

If there are no errors, when the internet is then available, we'll convert to dkms so you needn't recompile after kernel updates.

EDIT: To enable dkms so that you needn't recompile after each kernel update, open a terminal and install dkms:

sudo apt install dkms

If it is already installed, that's fine, just continue:

cd ~/Desktop/rtl8814au-master
sudo cp -R . /usr/src/rtl8814au-4.3.21
sudo dkms build -m rtl8814au -v 4.3.21
sudo dkms install -m rtl8814au -v 4.3.21

You should be all set.


Why does my laptop restart instead of waking up after resuming from suspend?

This worked for me on Ubuntu 10.10 before I installed ATI drivers

Edit the file /etc/default/grub (as root)

Change the line with:

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

to:

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_sleep=nonvs"

run update-grub (as root).

This worked just fine after installing the ATI drivers:

  I've solved a similar issue (reboot on resume) with a Sony Vaio VGN-FW51ZF by changing the last line of the file /etc/acpi/sleep.sh from pm-suspend to pm-suspend --quirk-radeon-off (guess it was a problem related with ATI proprietary drivers)."

So thanks for those tips and I hope this save you some time. I'm about to do the same on my Ubuntu 11.10 I'll let you know if it worked!

Did not worked on Ubuntu 11.10 it still reboots instead of resuming :(

https://askubuntu.com/a/64408


hy Aabir,
I was also searching for the same this resource helped me and I could remap my key on my linux mint netbook.
remap keys in linux


KeePass2 auto-type google, and other password systems


how do you play world of tanks on ubuntu

Just works under wine 3.21-staging and up.Current stable version is 4.0.

Based on wine application database, the game has gold status, which means it should work without any problems. If something turns out, check the linked website for all the available workarounds.

Install

If your system is x64, you need to enable x86 architecture

sudo -i
dpkg --add-architecture i386

Download and add the repository key

wget -nc https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
apt-key add winehq.key

Add the repository based on your ubuntu version

  One line here is one command for terminal. Use copy-paste.

apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ cosmicmain'
apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ bionicmain'
apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ xenialmain'
apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ trustymain'

Update packages with apt update

Install one of the following packages

  Note, that there is no space between winehq-stable etc.

sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-stable
sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-devel
sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-staging


Understanding the at-command to schedule another command

Try instead:

~$  at now + 1 minute
at> ls -ahl > /tmp/at_test
at> ^D

You will find /tmp/at_test after command executed.

If you want to run some GUI app you should specify DISPLAY variable;
Use echo $DISPLAY to find out you display

~$  at now + 1 minute
at> DISPLAY=:0 gedit
at> ^D

Piping is also ok:

echo "DISPLAY=:0 gedit" | at now + 1 minute


DKMS is trying to follow build symlink inside the /lib/modules (not sure why it's not there), so create it:

# ln -s /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)  /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build

This was found by checking the file system calls made by dkms:

# strace -f -e trace=file dpkg-reconfigure <package> >/tmp/dkms.log 2>&1


Problems Booting Windows 8 with Grub 2 HELP ASAP

Fix the bootsector of your sda1 partition this way: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootSectorFix
use a Windows disc this way: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestoreUbuntu/XP/Vista/7Bootloader until you get direct access to Windows
then run Boot-Repair's Recommended Repair to recover your GRUB menu


How to stop the redirect after FOG uninstall?

While installing, you probably edited  /var/www/index.html, as explained in the installation instructions (http://www.fogproject.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ubuntu_10.04, "Make fog accessible at the root of the server (optional)."). Remove this part:

<meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="0; URL=fog/index.php">


It appears to have been related to a very very large image file I had on my desktop. My guess is that nautilus was trying to create a thumbnail and never managed for reasons relating to its size. Anyway, I deleted it, and the cpu-fan quietened down.


A tutorial of 14.04 vintage: Getting Started with the Intel Xeon Phi on Ubuntu 14.04
Other interesting resources:
How to run Intel MPI on the Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessor
Using the Intel MPI Library on Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessor Systems
Using MPI and Xeon Phi Offload Together


Check if you transfered the file test.sh with WinSCP as text and not binary file.


WI-Fi issue, Adapter worked in installation but not anymore

FIXED!!!

Just had to edit my /etc/network/interfaces and add:

    auto wlan0
    iface wlan0 inet dhcp
    wpa-ssid <my ssid>
    wpa-psk <my password>

rebooted and all was well!

Questions that helped me:

Ubuntu 14.04 Server - WiFi WPA2 Personal
ubuntu server: wifi


Is it possible to bypass the permission bit and execute software downloaded from a website?


KDE appearance broken after using systemsettings

Most settings are stored in the ~/.kde/share/config/ directory. Try moving it somewhere and restarting your session.


No sound and only Dummy Output ubuntu 20.04

Nevermind. Apparently, I had the "HD Audio Controller" turned off in the BIOS.


Wireless connection is lost periodically and without apparent reason and is quickly reestablished on a BCM4312

Disable IPv6
Possible answer
By the question's author, credit for user Captine.
I noticed this question on the Related sidebar, and one of its answers seems to solve my problem: Disabling IPv6 connectivity.
I have set the Network Manager applet to ignore by all means IPv6, but perhaps what was causing the problem was that my connection was changed by the upgrade so that it required IPv6 addressing before it was considered completed.

Of course this does not seem like a perfect solution (or even permanent), now that even though in my country IPv6 is still not a standard, it will someday be and I would like to have a continuous connection by then. For those whose ISPs provide only IPv6 connectivity, this is not a solution.
I have had a continuous connection for a long time now:

If I have no interruptions for the whole day, I will make this an answer and consider this question closed. Of course, this question might be a duplicate of the one I linked -  the opinion of a moderator is pending.


Good news: the new docker (version 19.03 (currently experimental)) will be able to run rootless negating the problems that can occur using a root user. No more messing with elevated permissions, root and anything that might open up your machine when you did not want to.
Video about this from [DockerCon 2019] Hardening Docker daemon with Rootless mode

A few Caveats to the rootless Docker mode
Docker engineers say the rootless mode cannot be considered a replacement for the complete suite of Docker engine features. Some limitation to the rootless mode include:

cgroups resource controls, apparmor security profiles, checkpoint/restore, overlay networks etc. do not work on rootless mode.
Exposing ports from containers currently requires manual socat helper process.
Only Ubuntu-based distros support overlay filesystems in rootless mode.
Rootless mode is currently only provided for nightly builds that may not be as stable as you are used to.

As of docker 19.3 this is obsolete (and more dangerous than need be):
The docker manual has this to say about it:

Giving non-root access
The docker daemon always runs as the root user, and since Docker version 0.5.2, the docker daemon binds to a Unix socket instead of a TCP port. By default that Unix socket is owned by the user root, and so, by default, you can access it with sudo.
Starting in version 0.5.3, if you (or your Docker installer) create a Unix group called docker and add users to it, then the docker daemon will make the ownership of the Unix socket read/writable by the docker group when the daemon starts. The docker daemon must always run as the root user, but if you run the docker client as a user in the docker group then you don't need to add sudo to all the client commands. As of 0.9.0, you can specify that a group other than docker should own the Unix socket with the -G option.
Warning: The docker group (or the group specified with -G) is root-equivalent; see Docker Daemon Attack Surface details and this blogpost on Why we don't let non-root users run Docker in CentOS, Fedora, or RHEL  (thanks michael-n).
In the recent release of the experimental rootless mode on GitHub, engineers mention rootless mode allows running dockerd as an unprivileged user, using user_namespaces(7), mount_namespaces(7), network_namespaces(7).
Users need to run dockerd-rootless.sh instead of dockerd.
$ dockerd-rootless.sh --experimental

As Rootless mode is experimental, users need to always run dockerd-rootless.sh with –experimental.

Important to read: post-installation steps for Linux (it also links to Docker Daemon Attack Surface details).

Manage Docker as a non-root user
The docker daemon binds to a Unix socket instead of a TCP port. By default that Unix socket is owned by the user root and other users can only access it using sudo. The docker daemon always runs as the root user.
If you don’t want to use sudo when you use the docker command, create a Unix group called docker and add users to it. When the docker daemon starts, it makes the ownership of the Unix socket read/writable by the docker group.

Add the docker group if it doesn't already exist:
 sudo groupadd docker

Add the connected user "$USER" to the docker group. Change the user name to match your preferred user if you do not want to use your current user:
 sudo gpasswd -a $USER docker

Either do a newgrp docker or log out/in to activate the changes to groups.

You can use
 docker run hello-world

to check if you can run docker without sudo.


I haven't used the Ubuntu One service, but it looks like a viable alternative to DropBox. I've used Dropbox for several months now, and I haven't had any issues with it. The only nice thing about Ubuntu One is that is has 5GB free storage. Dropbox you only get 2GB free.

They also offer a Windows7/Vista program for Ubuntu One. It looks very similar to Dropbox. https://one.ubuntu.com/downloads/


Deja Dup - Should I backup hidden files located in home folder?

You should backup the hidden files that are in your home directory. Some of those files are configuration files for installed software, .bashrc, .viminfo, .vimrc, etc. Look for any .*rc files in your home directory, and you will see what I'm talking about.


How do I switch layout with Ctrl+Shift or Alt+Shift in LXDE?

You can try this:

Open a terminal and run:

sudo nano /etc/default/keyboard

(or use some other text editor)

Do following changes in the file:

XKBLAYOUT="ru,us"
XKBVARIANT=""
XKBOPTIONS="grp:ctrl_shift_toggle"

Restart and try again.

But the problem is that every desktop environment has his method to override this default settings, the methods are all different. In Lubuntu (14.04) as example the file $HOME/.config/lxpanel/Lubuntu/panels contains the settings for the layout plugin and it must be set to KeepSysLayouts=1, so the default settings are not overridden.


Black screen after suspend - Toshiba NB515-SP020LL, GMA3600 graphics, Ubuntu 12.04

To simply get suspend to work on this system I just added this line to the /etc/pm/config.d/gma500 configuration file:

ADD_PARAMETERS='--quirk-s3-mode'

I didn't have the file, or any other in that directory, so I created it.


Use locate to find name in directories only

locate -r '/bin$'

will only show paths that end with /bin. As / can't be part of a file name that is files and folders named bin.


Can I "dual boot" with Windows to where I can switch without restart?

No. Multi-boot is just that: more than one operating system installed to some boot accessible storage, one of which is chosen at boot time.

If you want to run a Linux or Windows VM on the other, you can use something like Virtual Box.

There is also Wine, which allows for some level of support for running Windows executables on Linux.


I started winusb from console:

gksudo winusbgui

then winusb detect my pendrive correctly, and I succesfully copied the Windows 7 installer to my pendrive (Ubuntu 14.10).


How to disable Plank application on Ubuntu startup

In Startup Applications, click on the application you don't want to be open at the startup then click on remove button on the right. This doesn't unistall the app, only disable the application opening on startup. In alternative you may uncheck the chekbox on the left of the application name, it works too and you can reactivate the application at startup whenever you want easily.

Edit:
if Plank doesent appear in startup application try:

 cd /etc/xdg/autostart/
 sudo sed --in-place 's/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g' *.desktop

It should show all deamons at startup, also the system one.

Edit2:
with MATE Tweak go to interface->pannels and in the first select you should have selected Cupertino that has plank by default, now select MATE and plank should disappear


Lots of applications and sometimes even the desktop and window manager need python 3, so why did you remove it? didnt you see what it was going to delete? (it is like everything!) .. You just probably need to re install and maybe plug you disk into a external usb to backup your data if you are lucky but if you want to recover without re install you will need to bee extremely tech savvy.

(You maybe want to buy a fitting disk to usb connector and copy your critical work. (NOTE: BUY THE ONE FOR YOUR DEVICE AND PLEASE MAKE SURE YOUR PC YOU ARE COPYING TO SUPPORTS EXT4 AND SIMILAIR!))


How can I display "recent folders" in the sidebar of "Save as" dialogue?

This feature has been removed by the developers.

As a workaround you may press alt+R when the Save as dialogue pops up. This should list recent folders you have used to save files.


Not able to use internet on Windows 10 after installing Ubuntu 15.10

Check on your LAN drivers  in windows internet options settings.
open the command prompt with adminstrator privileges and run msinfo32


I have this issue and for me, it looks like it is an nvidia issue:

https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/1060783/linux/random-xid-61-and-xorg-lock-up

Check your syslog / kern.log for something like the following:

    [28736.200395] NVRM: GPU at PCI:0000:07:00: GPU-06a0a514-1651-491d-717c-2e1e24b93c99
    [28736.200398] NVRM: GPU Board Serial Number:
    [28736.200399] NVRM: Xid (PCI:0000:07:00): 61, 0cb5(2d50) 00000000 00000000


Partitions. is it safe to move partition containing /boot?

It cannot be said enough, make a backup and confirm it actually has the required data in it before making a system change like this.

That said, I find that if I move the starting block location of the boot drive (eg from sector 63 to 2048) I have to reinstall grub before the system will boot. For info on how see the ubuntu page How to Repair, Restore, or Reinstall Grub 2 with a Ubuntu Live CD or USB.


Can I change the default folder that photos are uploaded to when using the Ubuntu One Files app for Android?

This functionality was recently added to the Android app so to change the default folder that photos are uploaded you can follow these steps:

Firstly in Ubuntu create the new folder where you want the pictures
to be uploaded to, then right click on the folder and select
Synchronise this Folder from the Ubuntu One section in the menu:

Now on your phone launch the Ubuntu One Files app and in the settings
menu click on Auto Upload Settings then Upload Photos to:
This will bring up a list of all the folders you are syncing, the new
folders that you added in the first step should appear here
(sometimes it won't appear though because the system won't have updated itself yet, if
you cannot see the new folder try using the refresh button at the
top, or navigating into a different folder and then back again and the
system should have caught up with you)

Select the folder you wish to upload to and then press the menu button and select Auto-upload here from the menu, and this will be the new default folder that photos are uploaded to.


Why Chrome do not start from launcher after I closed the lid?

Seems that your Chrome window (yeah) is offscreen. It is still there, just that you can't see it. If you want you can run:

ps ax | grep -i chrome

To see that the process is still there.

So, how to solve this issue. A simple:

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
unity --reset-icons &disown

In the terminal should do the job. If the window still is disappeared, you may need to reboot the system so the changes apply.


I couldn't find any PPA with anki either. And the solution to install system wide with
the command:

  sudo make install

is not the right way. I agree.

Luckly Anki doesn't need to be installed system wide to work. You can install it locally to your user.

This is what I did:

Install and then uninstall the Ubuntu anki package to install all dependencies.

  apt install anki

  apt purge anki

Download from Anki website
Extract to your home folder

  tar xjf Downloads/anki-2.1.8-amd64.tar.bz2

Add the extracted bin directory to your PATH

  export PATH=$PATH:~/anki-2.1.8-linux-amd64/bin


open terminal type

unity --reset

and it will reset your Unity shell the panel and the launcher(you are calling it a dock)
and Hacked?? this is Linux mate!!


internet connection stopped working, but wifi connection looks fine (ubuntu 18.04.2)

From the comments...

Since you get a proper IP address of 192.168.0.4, and you can get to the routers admin page at 192.168.0.1, but you can't ping 8.8.8.8, the problem must be with your router, or your cable/DSL modem. It is a little strange that you can get to the Internet with some other computers.

You've already rebooted the computer. POWER CYCLE your router AND cable/DSL modem. Wait 15 seconds between powering back on. Power on the modem first, wait 15 seconds, then power on the router.

Retry Internet access.


You need to enable universe repository to install the missing dependencies:
sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt update


Problems with QML Tool Kit Installation: "unmet dependencies: qt-components-ubuntu: ... "

This started happening today to my existing install as well. My guess is Canonical are changing the package dependencies either preparing for the final Qt5 release or revamping the Qt5 beta.

Keep an eye on ppa:canonical-qt5-edgers/qt5-beta1 and ppa:canonical-qt5-edgers/qt5-proper as well as for updated instructions on http://developer.ubuntu.com/get-started/gomobile/

EDIT: The build log from yesterday indicates that 'deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/canonical-qt5-edgers/qt5-proper/ubuntu quantal main' is being used now.

I guess we'll just have to wait for updated instructions.


automated bash script execution using cron

You can put variables in the crontab file, so you can have

EXECUTE_JOB=1

Then implement the condition with this /bin/sh construct

* * * * * [ "$EXECUTE_JOB" = "1" ] && your existing job here

Then, on April 1, you can adjust the value of that variable accordingly


How to configure environment variables in Ubuntu?

In bash you can set variables like this:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/

export CLASSPATH=JAVA_HOME/lib/:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin/:$PATH
export M2_HOME=/usr/share/maven/
export M2=$M2_HOME/bin
export PATH=$M2:$PATH

for more info on environment variables you can read https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables


Looks like your USB is dead. Try formatting it or replacing with a new one.

$MFTMirr does not match $MFT (record 0).
Failed to mount '/dev/sdc1': Error de entrada/salida
NTFS is either inconsistent, or there is a hardware fault, or it's a
SoftRAID/FakeRAID hardware. In the first case run chkdsk /f on Windows
then reboot into Windows twice. The usage of the /f parameter is very
important! If the device is a SoftRAID/FakeRAID then first activate
it and mount a different device under the /dev/mapper/ directory,
(e.g.


How to replace current Ubuntu with an older version without harming the Windows partition?

You can go ahead and start installing Ubuntu 13.04 rather than downgrading as mentioned in this thread. It will be less efforts to install 13.04 and more cleaner approach. Moreover you already have the disk partitions on which you need to install Ubuntu. I would check with the release notes of that software(OpenFOAM) -in general the software/tools that i am using are all supporting LTS release(Ubuntu Desktop 14.04.3 LTS). It's better to be at 14.04.3 LTS rather than 13.04


How to make notify-send appear at Settings/Notifications/Applications?

This workaround worked fine here.
Has nothing to do with notify-send tho.

#!/usr/bin/env python
from gi.repository import Notify
from sys import argv

def notify(title):
  if Notify.init(title):
    n = Notify.Notification.new(title)
    n.show()

def main():
  notify(argv[1])

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

but using gdbus is much better as we can "update" the notification: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/75411/235896


How does Ubuntu periodically scan SCSI devices?

Okay. I finally figured this out.

The polling is handled by the kernel directly. It does not happen in the SCSI layer as I originally thought, but it's handled at the block device layer. This was added several kernel versions ago, however it is disabled by default in kernel.org source.

You can change the default polling interval with the following command (you must be root):

echo 2000 > /sys/module/block/parameters/events_dfl_poll_msecs

or the sudo friendly version:

echo 2000 | sudo tee -a /sys/module/block/parameters/events_dfl_poll_msecs

I assume that during the Ubuntu init, this is set, or maybe they directly patch the kernel.org source with their own default value.


Is there something similar to the Android AppDrawer/App Launcher?

I've written a little app that is very similar to folders on a Mac dock called Drawers: http://launchpad.net/drawers

You can put just about anything in a drawer by drag and drop. You can even nest drawers inside one another. See below for a screenshot.

To install, run the following in a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ian-berke/ppa-drawers
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install drawers

Then create your first drawer by opening the dash and typing Drawers (or executing /opt/extras.ubuntu.com/drawers/bin/drawers if you're not using Unity). The drawer is just a .desktop launcher file in ~/.local/share/applications. Just drag it to the launcher or put the .desktop file where you want.  Applications can be added by dragging from the dash or nautilus to an open drawer. All other files/links can be added by dropping on open drawer or the launcher. This was designed for Unity, but I've tested in gnome-shell too.


Bash alias not found stuck on my terminal

It seems your .bashrc file contains the lines without the double quotes:

alias android-connect=mtpfs -o allow_other /media/GalaxyNexus
alias android-disconnect=fusermount -u /media/GalaxyNexus

Open the file in an editor and remove the offending lines.


Internet speed slow on Ubuntu 18.04.1 with TP-LINK TL-WN821N

I have the exact same problem as your and I solved it by doing this:

Install rtl8192eu driver from here:

https://github.com/clnhub/rtl8192eu-linux (I used this one)

or here:

https://github.com/Mange/rtl8192eu-linux-driver

Add blacklist rtl8xxxu in /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
Reboot.


I installed "qml-module-qtquick-controls" and it worked for me.


Yes you can use Kernel 4.15

It can be installed while running.

After the update a restart is required.

You have to restart in order to run the new kernel.


Disable monitor going into sleep Ubuntu Desktop 16.04 LTS

Depends. Sometimes this is built into the hardware. Well, maybe firmware if you want to get picky. I've never heard of a desktop being that way, but it is not uncommon with laptops. You might find some setting in your bios settings or whatever they call the equivalent on some newer systems. But it isn't always optional. That is usually available by pressing some specified key, Esc and F2 are popular, during boot. Usually there is a message telling you what key you have to press. There is also software control if the machine allows it to work. I don't know where they keep that on the full blown flagship Xenial, because I use a ultralight Xenial built from the mini.iso with just Openbox. They might be in something like "power settings". Usually you can also set that sort of thing from the controls for your screensaver. Details will vary depending on what you use, if any. But none of that will work if the hardware won't allow it.


Redirect multiple qsub job results to a single file

Are these 10 jobs running simultaneously?
If so, I don't think you can do what you're trying to do.  Because each of them are opening the output file at different times and writing to it.  And they are "overwriting each other".
For example, suppose job 1 creates output at the same time job 2 creates output.  At this point, both files are empty.  If job 2 writes first, and then job 1, job 1 would be opening it at the time it was empty.  And what job 2 has written would not appear.
If you have 10 jobs, you need to write to 10 different files.  If you feel they have to be in one file, then you need to create a 11th job that waits until all 10 jobs have completed and then combine their output files.  This post by someone else demonstrates how you could do this.
Hope this helps!


No graphics after upgrade to 19.10, issue with nvidia graphics card

I  had the same issue updating from 18.04, 19.04 to 19.10, I think the last clean install was around Precise Pangolin. Because of that, my install is carrying some cruft.

If you have any, remove old grub parameters that you're not using.
You can do this by making the changes in the GRUB configuration file /etc/default/grub, but first you can test it for a single boot:

At the GRUB menu, press E, choose the kernel you want to boot, check the parameters in the line starting with linux and remove extra ones. After makingyour changes, press F10 to boot.

In my case all extra flags were

iommu=calgary intel_iommu=on ...

When I removed them the driver worked as expected.

To make this permanent:

sudoedit /etc/default/grub

Remove the same parameters from the line beginning GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT. In my case, it originally looked like this

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="iommu=calgary intel_iommu=on ..."

I replaced with an empty list:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

After editing, run sudo update-grub.


You do not need to install XBoard from source code.

It is packaged in Ubuntu repositories.
So the easiest way is to get 4.9.1 from 18.04 LTS and install package manually:

cd ~/Downloads
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/x/xboard/xboard_4.9.1-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install ./xboard_4.9.1-1_amd64.deb


How to make Ubuntu Software Center work with custom repository?

In the chroot environment add your repo to the file /etc/apt/sources.list. See this on how to format a sources.list entry.

Alternatively, add the repo with the command add-apt-repository.

Afterwards run apt-get update to load the repository information into APT's cache.


Bluetooth can't be enabled in Ubuntu 14.10

Not supported by the Utopic kernel yet, but it can be made to work

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic
wget https://www.dropbox.com/s/uocd0xqaprm4yvi/bluetooth.utopic.tar.gz
tar -zxf bluetooth.utopic.tar.gz
cd bluetooth
cp /boot/config-$(uname -r) .config
cp /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/Module.symvers Module.symvers
make -C /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build M=$PWD modules
sudo cp btusb.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/bluetooth/
wget https://www.dropbox.com/s/f503f6r686riiow/fw-105b_e065.hcd
sudo cp fw-105b_e065.hcd /lib/firmware/brcm/BCM43142A0-105b-e065.hcd
echo btusb | sudo tee -a /etc/modules && sudo modprobe btusb

Then check dmesg | grep -i firmware to see if there are any firmware errors and post errors

After a kernel update you will need to recompile the module

cd bluetooth
make -C /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build M=$PWD clean
cp /boot/config-$(uname -r) .config
cp /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/Module.symvers Module.symvers
make -C /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build M=$PWD modules
sudo cp btusb.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/bluetooth/
sudo modprobe -r btusb
sudo modprobe btusb

and bluetooth should work in a new 3.16 series kernel


How to read AT commands that Ubuntu sends to my 3G modem?

Please use wireshark to capture/filter/read USB data: USB capture setup


Linux systems can be configured to have everything mounted by default.  However, they are not usually set up to do so, for safety and security reasons.

Plus the fact that only root is generally permitted by default to mount devices and file-systems on such systems, also for safety and security measures.

Safety and security can refer to viruses, hackers, malware, fraud, phishing, spam identity theft, etc.


As noted by Xubuntu Project Leader in the #xubuntu-devel IRC channel, kiosk mode is not well supported in Xfce and is not a use-case that is considered high priority.  The Xubuntu Technical Leader noted in #xubuntu-devel that write-locking xfconf may solve the right-click issue.


ubuntu 17.10 cannot install tp-link wn822n

Your wifi device is supported in kernel 4.13 with module rtl8xxxu and you might benefit by blacklisting the module you built as it did load

echo "blacklist 8192eu" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

You wifi router is using TKIP encryption and that can cause issues in Ubuntu, it would be preferred to use WPA2 only for encryption


Can't run scripts on selected file using Nautilus-Actions contextual menu

I think I figured it out.  I needed to have the %f flag in the Parameters field on the Command tab.  The Example field shows you what command will be launched based on the parameters you use (see Legend for a list of the parameters).  The %f  directed Nautilus Actions to issue the command after the path on the selected file.

Here is a picture:

This works using the script in my question for edit as root.

To Print, it is really easy -- no script needed (and I couldn't get any of the scripts to work) -- all you need to do is put lpr in the Path on the Command tab and the parameter %f.  This issues the command lpr /path_to_file.

So the problem I was having appears to be (1) I didn't designate the path for the script to work on and (2) although the print scripts I was using are self-contained (they don't function with a path after them) they didn't seem to want to work with or without the %f parameter.  I still don't understand this.

Here are the entries that I use for my NA (in case others find them useful):

(A) Secure empty trash: Path>srm -lrz ~/.local/share/Trash/*/*; Parameter>none (note: NA will move the part after srm to the Parameter)
(B) Print:  Path>lpr;  Parameter>%f
(C) Edit as root: Path>/opt/Scripts/edit-as-root.sh; Paramter>%f
(D) Convert to pdf: Path>convert; Parameter>%f %w.pdf


Ubuntu turn off notifications while gaming

If you click the date/time, and open the calendar/notification view, there is a "Do Not Disturb" toggle at the bottom left.  This should silence notifications for you.


How do I interpret the output of the filefrag command?

You have a file called dump. Its split in two parts. As per the manpage filefrag reports on how badly fragmented a particular file might be. It makes allowances for indirect blocks for ext2 and ext3 filesystems, but can be used on files for any filesystem.. If you're expecting it to do something else, you're doing it wrong.

Of course without know what or where 'dump' is from, we can't tell very much. EF53 is a 'magic' number, that refers to EXT2/3 and 4 and is the filesystem the harddrive dump is on is using. You cannot extract any other useful information other than that.


No it is not possible as of Libreoffice 5.2. However, it is a very good idea and should be reported as an enhancement request here:
https://bugs.documentfoundation.org/

Note that when you mouse hover (meaning letting your mouse over a specific entry for a few seconds) the full text of the entry will appear.


You can change the time of inactivity after which to turn the screen off from terminal using next commands:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power sleep-display-ac <nr_of_sec>
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power sleep-display-battery <nr_of_sec>
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay <nr_of_sec>

Change <nr_of_sec> as you wish. For example, for 3 minutes, use 3x60=180:

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power sleep-display-ac 180
gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power sleep-display-battery 180
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay 180

If you will use 0, the screen will never turn off.

Source: https://askubuntu.com/a/313155/147044.

To change the brightness through terminal, use this answer: https://askubuntu.com/a/56171/147044. I tested this method on 13.04 and is working.


The program okular can do it. But you need to use "save as" to write the annotations to a new pdf.

Quoting the FAQ: https://okular.kde.org/faq.php#addedannotationsinpdf

  Why the newly added annotations are not in my PDF document?

  By default, Okular saves annotations in the local data directory for
  each user. Since KDE 4.9, it's optionally possible to store them
  directly in a PDF file by choosing "File -> Save As...", so they can
  be seen in other PDF viewers.


A better option for fixing livepatch after upgrades to Ubuntu versions is to use the ua client, since it is able to reassociate an existing machine ID with the livepatch.
First check ua status and if it says "This machine is not attached to a UA subscription." then just go to https://ubuntu.com/advantage and get a new token for your account and attach it with ua attach $token. That fixed livepatch for me without having to regenerate the machine ID and thus take up another of the 3 free machines allowed for livepatch. (Also, if you're getting rid of a machine, make sure you disable livepatch on that machine first for the same reason.)


How to know if there are updates available?

Read the man pages for
motd(5),
pam_motd(8) and
update-motd(5).
 On my system, /etc/update-motd.d/90-updates-available invokes /usr/lib/update-notifier/update-motd-updates-available which displays this when I log in:

19 packages can be updated.
12 updates are security updates.

Delving a little deeper, the "...-updates-available" script invokes /usr/lib/update-notifier/apt-check --human-readable. If you read that (python), you'll see that if you omit the human readable flag, it will output "19;12" to stderr. We can grab that with this:

IFS=';' read updates security_updates < <(/usr/lib/update-notifier/apt-check 2>&1)
echo $updates
echo $security_updates

19
12

Now you can say:

if (( updates == 0 )); then
    echo "No updates are available"
else
    echo "There are updates available"
fi


Installing Ubuntu on Windows XP without a disk

There are many different flavours of Ubuntu. You can download Ubuntu or one of the other flavours, listed here. Depending on your laptop's hardware, you may want to Download Lubuntu or Xubuntu instead of Ubuntu, as they are 'light' and use fewer resources.

You can use USB, but your laptop has to support this.

Download Rufus
Download Ubuntu

You will probably need the 32-bit version, but your laptop may also be able to run 64-bit, please post more info about your laptop so we can check it for you.
Open Rufus
Use the following settings:

Device

your USB drive

Partition scheme and target system type

MBR partition scheme for BIOS and UEFI computers

File system

FAT32 (Default)

Cluster size

16 kilobytes (Default)

New volume label

Ubuntu

Uncheck Check device for bad blocks
Check Quick format
Check Create a bootable disk using

Select ISO Image

Click on the CD drive icon and select the Ubuntu ISO you've downloaded

Check Create extended label and icon files

Click Start

Note: this will destroy all your data on your USB drive.

If USB booting doesn't work for you, you can also try Wubi.

Download 7-Zip
Download Ubuntu
Open Ubuntu's ISO file using 7-Zip and extract all files to a new directory

For example Desktop\Ubuntu.
After the extraction is complete, open the directory you just created
Double click on wubi.exe and follow the instructions


Forwarding all Internet Traffic over VPN (PPTP UFW)

If you want to redirect all traffic to VPN, then do

 sudo route del default
 sudo route add default dev ppp0

You can also set it up in ppp config by adding option replacedefaultroute


Windows10 Ubuntu 18.04 dual boot problem

Formatting a partition in Windows and assigning a drive letter to it solved this problem for me.
Ubuntu then uses that partition and creates additional ones.


Error starting ICEM CFD: GLIBCXX_3.4.9 not found

Solved it by installing the xfonts-75dpi and xfonts-100dpi libraries after finding this.


How to enter license key for virtualized Windows?

Normally when you run Windows under Linux you run it in a hypervisor like VirtualBox. This is a virtual server, and you have a console just like you have on a physical Machine. Also the installation ptocess is the same, so somewhere on the way you enter the license key, the same way and place you do on a physical installation.


Do softwares installed from source code use of shared libraries?

No source installs do use the libraries of the system, regardless if the libraries are installed by package or source itself.

It is the package manager which does not know about libraries installed from source or by another package manager, so the package manager will think the dependencies are not there even if they are.

On Debian you can use checkinstall instead of make install to create rudimentary debian packages of your source installs.

You can also use equivs to create empty packages to provide dependencies for other packages.


SFTP Ubuntu 14.04 - Patient Records Download

For file transport:

I'd recommend (Open)VPN for client connections with password and certificates. A secure tunnel is a must for delicate data like this.

If I where you, I'd put something like a pfsense in front of that (a GW-Application, it also contains OpenVPN). At least put an iptables Firewall on the server itself, both would be even better.

On top of that, use a secured transportation. Vsftp(d) is quite a good choice for your endeavor.

For Storage:

I'd recommend to use normal system-Users (maybe with encryted Home-Folders better yet a luks encrypted home partition?) and a disk quota could come in handy, too.

I'd use an extra partition for /home

For the User:

You simply could use WinSCP or Filezilla, simple to work with, easy to install, works.

For your department:

Make sure that the admin-interface of the web-application has limited access to the staff and admin only (Deny from All, Allow from IP('s)) via webserver config.

If your company has a fixed ip use an additional IPSEC-Tunnel to the GW-Application or to the server.

Concerns about ssh logins:

No need for that if you disable password logins and activate ssh key only login.


Best partition layout for specific setup

If this is part of a wide-ranging update, perhaps a centralised file server with some redundancy might be in order. There are many systems and protocols that work for both Windows and Linux and will provide next-to-native performance (if not better).

That would leave all important stuff off the SSDs and free for applications and swap. It's more costly (probably the cost of a few computers on its own) but it offers clear benefits:

File collaboration between many people,
Adding external network access (if desirable), and
Backing things up is now much, much easier.


You will need to load some software. Use synaptic.

Be sure aconnect is installed.  This enables the midi to pc connection.
Edit [jack and qjackctl. these are basic.].  If you install rosegarden from synaptic, jack will auto-install.  Be sure to enable the real time processing during install.
patchage. This is an extremely useful tool to establish/verify the connections.
rosegarden.  This provides the sequencer and music notater all in one pkg.
qsynth.  This provides the means to hear your midi files and play with the output.
linux-lowlatency. Critical. You must install this kernel, else rosegarden will not work.

After all the above are installed, you need to check rosegarden setup to ensure it loads the soundfont and passes to your sound card. If no soundfont, you get no sound from your sound card.  The sound font should be in /usr/share/sounds/sf2  (I use fluidR3_gm.sf2) and it should come with qsynth.

For more information, read this link:
Step-by-step to run a midi keyboard input device? 12.04

Good luck!


Here is the procedure to install evernote 4 on ubuntu
http://www.webupd8.org/2010/10/you-can-finally-install-evernote-4-in.html

Here is the link on how to install evernote 3
http://abbysays.wordpress.com/2008/05/24/how-to-install-evernote-30-on-ubuntu/

Or you can install the alternative of evernote which is nevernote which works natively in Ubuntu.
Here is the link, If you want to know what is nevernote and how to install
http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/tag/nevernote/


msmtp cannot write to /var/log/msmtp/msmtp.log

I had the same error message, and ultimately changing permissions, creating the log file, etc., didn't work. The problem in my case was caused by AppArmor: in my system, the file /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.msmtp only listed /var/log/msmtp as write permission in /var/log, so solution can be:

to use /var/log/msmtp as log in the configuration, instead of /var/log/msmtp.log
modify the rules in the msmtp apparmor profile to allow adding and locking the file we want.


Ubuntu One Android - could not get volume

We will release the fix shortly, sorry for the inconvenience.


Can I download Ubuntu for my Galaxy S lll Fido?

Yes you can install Ubuntu on your galaxy S III. Here is a post that someone has already asked on the subject. link here


Scale volume and/or screen brightness with a logarithmic scale

That bothered me as well, at least for the brightness adjustment, so I wrote the following script (edit: alternative backlight control commands added in comments):

#!/bin/bash

current=`xbacklight -get`
# alternatively, if xbacklight does not work:
# current=`qdbus org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Power /org/gnome/SettingsDaemon/Power org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Power.Screen.GetPercentage`

scale="1 2 5 10 20 50 100"

case $1 in
    "down")
        # translate space to newline so tac will reverse order of lines (values)
        for val in $(tr ' ' '\n' <<< $scale | tac) ; do
            # scale = 3 to preserve some decimal values
            if (( $(bc <<< "scale=3 ; $val < $current/1.1") )) ; then
                newval=$val
                break
            fi
        done
        ;;
    "up")
        for val in $scale ; do
            # scale = 3 to preserve some decimal values
            if (( $(bc <<< "scale=3 ; $val > $current*1.1") )) ; then
                newval=$val
                break
            fi
        done
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Usage: $0 [up, down]"
        exit 1
esac

if [ "x$newval" == "x" ] ; then
    echo "Already at min/max."
else
    echo "Setting backlight to $newval."

    # thanks: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=981217#p981217
    notify-send " " -i notification-display-brightness-low -h int:value:$newval -h string:x-canonical-private-synchronous:brightness &

    xbacklight -set $newval -steps 1 -time 0
    # alternatively, if xbacklight does not work:
    # qdbus org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Power /org/gnome/SettingsDaemon/Power org.gnome.SettingsDaemon.Power.Screen.SetPercentage $newval
fi

exit 0

It depends on having xbacklight installed.

Name it brightness.sh, and running brightness.sh up or brightness.sh down will step up or down through the scale specified at the top of the script.  The call to notify-send triggers the on-screen brightness notification (at least in Unity).  (I'm sure the script could be improved some, but it seems to work well enough.)

I then setup keyboard shortcuts (for my tablet's volume rocker buttons, in my case) to trigger /path/to/brightness.sh up and /path/to/brightness.sh down.

To do something similar for volume, you'd need to replace the calls to xbacklight with a command that lets you read/set the volume and change the notification to be a volume notification.


Ok, so this is what I did in the end... I lost the home directory decryption key and without that there really wasn't much I could do. I had to reinstall my system, but fortunately the data loss wasn't too big, only a few files that I could do without in the end. Since I backed up the important things before I got locked out of my account I could copy back the important data once I reinstalled the system.

I know this answer may disappoint others who may find themselves in a similar situation, but this is what I did in the end. I just had to do a clean install and copy all my data back from my backup drive. This time I made sure I save the home decryption key on my external drive.

I guess my advice would be to make sure you save your home decryption password and back up your data regularly.


Generally, when you get a PPA error message like that, it means the developer's package you want is not available for your specific version of Ubuntu.

Looking in the "java" directory of the PPA link your package manager failed to find, we see:

It looks like ferramroberto does not offer a quantal version of this package yet.


Screen flashing black just after booting

A black screen when booting is not something you should care about (if it's not too long, obviously). Myself, I have a screen showing like a ... mixed rainbow when booting, just a graphic driver thing.


Launch Rhythmbox using a Keyboard shorcut

Go to System -> Preferences -> Keyboard Shortcuts and click "Add"
As name type something you like, as command type "rhythmbox" and hit "Apply"
Then click on the right side of the new command where you can set the key combination and press Ctrl + R (or whatever shortcut suits you)


Ubuntu 19.10 - Kabini [Radeon HD 8210]'s vulkan does't seem to work

I don't think your card is compatible with Vulkan.
AMD's website lists HD 8570 and up


How to enable 3D acceleration under VMware workstation 8?

VMWare workstation 8 currently does not support 3D acceleration.


Chromium/Chrome out of memory crash / Aw Snap?

This appears to be a kernel issue, discussion here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1655842

It is claimed that this will be fixed by the next kernel update.

A quick and dirty fix that appears to work is this:

sudo su
echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

edit: Seems like the "fix" needs to be applied every ~12 hours. A more permanent solution is to downgrade the kernel to 4.4.0-57.


Unable to update Chromium; broken dependences, unexpected end of file/stream?

Well, this is one of those situations where as soon as I post the question, the answer appears. Might as well post it to help everyone else.

FIrstly, thanks to @N0rbert; his comment on the question led me to the solution, so if this helps you, upvote his comment; it was essentially the answer.

The rest is somewhat trivial. I opened synaptic, and looked into broken packages. There I found the Chromium language packages, and so I purged the language packages and Chromium. Obviously, this didn't work, because there were broken packages.

So, I ran in a terminal:

sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/chromium-browser-l10n_64.0.3282.167-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_all.deb
and
sudo apt-get update (credit to N0rbert)

Then, I purged the language packs using sudo apt-get purge chromium-browser-l10n chromium-browser and then I simply reinstalled them: sudo apt-get install chromium-browser chromium-browser-l10n.

I'm still not sure if the language packs are necessary when you're only using English, or if Chromium would have run if I just purged the language packs, but all that matters now is that I have my package manager back!

Sometimes package managers can be so unpredictable...