Is there a global menu for the XFCE panel?

This instructionswork in 11.10 and earlier

No and yes. There is not one currently supported just for xfce that works (an old one exists, but is broke-see below).  However, you can use the "xfce-xfapplet-plugin" xfce plugin (listed in synaptic) to put the "gnome-applet-globalmenu" or the "indicator-applet-appmenu" onto the xfce panel.

See my answer at the following link to add the "gnome-applet-globalmenu" to your setup.  The instructions are for the gnome panel, but if you use the the plugin I mentioned above, you can add the "gnome-applet-globalmenu" to your xfce panel. It is a bit flaky.  I found the "indicator-applet-appmenu" works better with xfce while the "gnome-applet-globalmenu" works better with the gnome-panel.  Your mileage may vary.

Global - Menu applet on maverick

The ppa mentioned in the link also adds a listing in synaptic for an "xfce4-global-menu applet", but it does NOT work and according to the README is no longer supported.

Here is a screenshot of it in action (yes, I like a mac-ish look):


I found the answer for my problem here http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2203079&highlight=Qualcomm+Atheros+AR928X+Wireless+Network+Adapter

I have applied the solution proposed by the user varunendra presented in the page 1 :
Code:

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf
echo "options ath9k nohwcrypt=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf
echo "blacklist acer_wmi" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf


How to set “live-installer” media and “grub-installer” in Ubuntu 20 autoinstall configuration

The equiv of live-installer is set on kernel cmdline when running the installer:
linux /vmlinuz ip=dhcp url=http://${pxe_default_server}/tftp/ubuntu-20.04-live-server-amd64.iso autoinstall ds=nocloud-net\;s=http://${pxe_default_server}/tftp/

As for specifying the boot device, that comes down to your cloud-init/autoinstall file, and I didn't find great documentation on how to set that up.  What I ended up doing was a manual install on my target hardware and then looking at /var/log/installer to see the YAML content to use as a starting place.  I started with a very basic cloud-init file and added my storage config to it:
#cloud-config
autoinstall:
  version: 1
  identity:
    hostname: server-name
    password: "$6$exDY1mhS4KUYCE/2$zmn9ToZwTKLhCw.b4/b.ZRTIZM30JZ4QrOQ2aOXJ8yk96xpcCof0kxKwuX1kqLG/ygbJ1f8wxED22bTL4F46P0"
    username: ubuntu

Also forgot to mention for my case, using https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/install/autoinstall-quickstart was helpful.


How do I bind Windows key using command line?

Edit your xbindkeys configuration, e.g.:

nano ~/.xbindkeysrc

and add the following lines for xterm

"xterm"
    Super_L

or for your standard terminal

"x-terminal-emulator"
    Super_L

Kill all xkbindkeys processes

killall xbindkeys

Restart xbindkeys with your configuration, eg:

xbindkeys -f ~/.xbindkeysrc

Configure your standard terminal with:

sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator


From your model number, I suspect you have either a NVIDIA® GeForce® 820M or an Intel® HD Graphics 4400, in wich case I recommend using Ubuntu 14.04.

Anyway, download here (try to use Torrent files if you know what they are, otherwise just get the .iso)

You can find additional information on installing drivers for your graphic card if that's the issue here


In both LibreOffice and OpenOffice, there's a security option "Ctrl-click required to follow hyperlinks". If this option is enabled (AFAIK it's enabled by default), a single left click isn't sufficient to open the hyperlink:

You can open the option dialogue using menu "Tools" -> "Options" -> "LibreOffice" -> "Security" -> "Security options and Warnings" -> Options... button:

Check if the option "Ctrl-click required to follow hyperlinks" is set, and disable it if you prefer to:

Besides, if you move the mouse pointer over the hyperlink, a tooltip should appear telling you if a single click or CTRL+click is required to open the link:

"Ctrl-click required..." enabled:

"Ctrl-click required..." disabled:


Ubuntu 18.04 Desktop - date and time synchronization issue

Looks like your BIOS clock is set to UTC+11:00 (as per RTC time in the output of timedatectl). Ubuntu (Unix-like system in general) by default considers the BIOS clock to be set at UTC time.

Enter BIOS while booting and set your BIOS clock to UTC time (i.e. 5.5 hours behind your local time).


Why isn't a license shown when installing (and when installing most software)?

This is regarding free software:

A license is very different from a EULA. The software on your computer starts out under the normal (default, in some countries) copyright by the authors. Only then do you get special permission to copy and re-distribute the software under the terms of the GPL. This does not restrict your use of the software, nor does it put any special onus on you to comply with some arbitrary terms. It is not a contract.

Think of the GPL as an agreement of the terms of re-distribution; you are granted license to deal with the software in ways normally prohibited by copyright law, given you agree to some terms.

A EULA restricts your use of the software, it has nothing to do with simple copyright. The EULA says, you may use this software, but not in any way you like. It restricts you further than copyright or trademark law could. Free software doesn't have that kind of restrictions, therefore you don't have to agree to any contract.


VNC Setting to Connect to Ubuntu Server with LXQt Desktop

This solution seems to work and provide similar desktop as xrdp.
Create ~/.vnc/xstartup file and paste the following content.
#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
unset SESSION_MANAGER
#exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
exec openbox-session &
startlxqt &
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &


How can I easily send a window to the back of a stack?

The keyboard shortcut is disabled by default, but can be easily added.


Enabling middle click for pointer stick buttons

I was able to solve my problem with xinput! Specifically, I ran

xinput: with no arguments to determine the device ID of my pointer stick, then ran
xinput list-props <device id of pointer stick>: to determine the property name and corresponding ID that I wanted to change. In this case, it was Evdev Middle Button Emulation.
xinput set-prop <device id> <property id> 1: to enable middle button emulation.

Then I added it to my global bashrc file to make the setting permanent. Voila!


Mounting a drive is chaotic with the two NVMe SSD drives

Thanks to guiverc for pointing out the solution. It's simply to mount using UUID and not drive path. This is the way to do it:

Get the list of your drives:

$ lsblk

returns:

nvme1n1     259:0    0   1,8T  0 disk
└─nvme1n1p1 259:5    0   1,8T  0 part /mnt/data

Get the UUID of the drive your interested in:

$ sudo blkid | grep -i nvme1n1p1

Now change my fstab line from this:

/dev/nvme1n1p1    /mnt/data    auto    defaults    0    1

to this:

UUID=388f4772-1f41-4b13-9c74-9ed56c4bacc5    /mnt/data    auto    defaults    0    1

And that does it.


How can I see a website running on Apache installed on my PC from another device connected to the same ADSL router?

first, you should make sure if your apache server listens on 0.0.0.0 as its bind address. Here's a simple command to know what IP and port is your server is listening to.

netstat -nap | grep apache | more

and look for listening address of your apache server.

Apache's official documentation on bind address

after that, you must know your IP address and port of your machine. ifconfig command shows your IP addresses.if you're connecting your machine to your ADSL router via an Ethernet cable, ifconfig will show it as eth0.

Now you can browse your Apache server from the other machine by typing:

http://[Server's IP address]:[Apache Port number]


Middle mouse key pastes last selected text

Do the following steps.

Install GNOME Tweak Tool (aka GNOME Tweaks) by running

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

Launch GNOME Tweak Tool.
Go to the "Keyboard and Mouse" section.
Toggle OFF the "Middle-click Paste" option.


How to increase printers buffer while printing via command line?

That bug might be relevant to your case, unfortunately it does not provide a solution.

If you're affected by that bug you should mark the bug as affecting you (upper left side) and subscribe to the bug.


Rather than logging out and loosing all their work you can use Lock Screen Timer to lock the screen after 30 minutes. Then if patron chooses to pay for more time your can unlock the screen and they'll resume where they left off.

Lock Screen Timer optionally gives a running countdown on the status bar. It automatically issues a "pop-up bubble message" of time remaining with an audio alert at 15, 10, 5, 3, 2 and 1 minute remaining. This allows the patron to save their work appropriately.

You can find the Lock Screen Timer code here in Ask Ubuntu: Application that will lock screen after a set amount of time for Ubuntu

This is what it looks like when you start the timer for 28 minutes:

The number of minutes defaults to 30 but in this animation I had overridden it to 28 minutes.

If after say 15 minutes they want to pay for another 30 minutes you can relaunch the timer and it will kill the previous countdown. Then you can restart the countdown and manually enter 45 minutes.

Note: There is no client database nor remote control. You'll have to collect the money from the patron, walk them to an unoccupied terminal and manually unlock the screen for them.


Enabling PulseAudio Equalizer by default for all programs

Adjust the eq sliders to the preferences that suit you or select a preset. Select the Apply button. Put a checkmark in Enable EQ and Keep Settings. This should keep the eq alive and active for browsers and players.

Firefox gave me some trouble with Pulse eq at first but I adjusted the settings in Sound and no issues after that. Hope this helps

Have fun


Ubuntu kernel can't read its own root partition, but LiveCDs can?

Well, I'm going to mark this (what I did) as the answer, although if someone comes along with a detailed guide of how to diagnose early-stage kernel problems they will certainly get accepted answer and an upvote!

In 12.10, there is a (apparently at least) new feature.  When Ubiquity detects 12.10 (and/or another install, but not more than 3 OSes in total including 12.10) it gives three options: "Reinstall 12.10" (keeps documents and settings and tries to keep programs), "Replace/Erase 12.10" (not actual title text) (wipes your 12.10 partition), and "Erase everything (new partition table, etc.).  I tried the reinstall option and it was able to get a working Ubuntu install back again.  However, it broke my mouse support, so I did some partition copying and shrinking and a complete reinstall.

TL:DR Everything's fixed now, although I still don't know what caused the problem.


How do I communicate with the Ubuntu kernel team?

The Ubuntu Kernel Team is located in disparate cities throughout the world. We utilize IRC to communicate with each other as well as the Ubuntu user community. The team hangs out on the #ubuntu-kernel channel on FreeNode. There is usually someone from the team in the channel 24hrs a day Monday through Friday. If you do join the channel, please be patient after asking your question, if you don't get an answer right away.

A good place to look for answers to these kinds of questions is the Ubuntu Kernel Team's wiki specifically the FAQ.


I Format new hard drive but the result cannot read by my PC

Your partition table on this drive is incorrect.

And... creating a new partition should only take a minute or two. Something is wrong.

Start over...

start gparted
select the proper drive from the pop up
go to the Device menu and choose Create Partition Table
choose gpt partition table
click the Apply icon (this will wipe the drive)
then create new partition(s)

use ext4 if this is to be used exclusively in Ubuntu
use ntfs if this is to be used to share files with Windows


Transfer files from Windows to Linux via Ethernet cable

A reliable solution

get two ethernet cables and a router
connect the computers via the router
make the Ubuntu computer into an ssh server by installing openssh-server
make the Windows computer into an ssh client by installing WinSCP or Filezilla (in Windows)
connect via WinSCP or Filezilla and transfer the files. You can transfer a whole directory tree.

A direct connection with one single ethernet cable
The Windows end
You can find tutorials via the internet using a search string (without quotes) like "tutorial direct file transfer between two computers via ethernet", for example
https://techwiser.com/how-to-connect-pc-to-pc-lan-cable/
which describes what to do at the Windows end.
The Ubuntu end
You can find tutorials via the internet using a search string (without quotes) like "tutorial direct file transfer between two computers via ethernet linux" to find for example
https://www.softprayog.in/troubleshooting/connecting-two-computers-with-ethernet-lan-cable
which describes what to do at the Ubuntu end.

This is rather complicated, but on the other hand, you will learn a lot about networks.


How can I force new windows to open in background & without focus?

I think this is a bug, so I reported it. This used to work with Gnome 2, it works with Gnome Shell and Gnome 3 fallback. I suspect compiz, but what do I know.


Issues with /home partition and a fresh install

To make it clear:

  The partition is mounted and being used it's just showing the data that was previously in the directory..

Do you mean if previously you had an image called a.jpg at path: /home/username/a.jpg, it went missing.
While if it was at: /home/username/directory/a.jpg, it is still there?

Other thing I would like you to check is Did you change your username from previous installation. If thats the case then you /home should have two folders one with previous username (holding all the data) and one with new username (with fresh start).

I'm just assuming things here as I couldn't understand question correctly.


"Return Key" for terminal on a spanish (windows) keyboard

The return key is either key labeled "Intro" as shown below:


How can I re-enable "never show" notifications in Xubuntu 12.04?

This may be in the gconf settings for nm-applet.  Try installing gconf-editor:

sudo apt-get install gconf-editor

Then run it:

gconf-editor

And go to /apps/nm-applet and make sure 'disable-connected-notifications' and 'disable-disconnected-notifications' are disabled (unchecked).


How to I add a command to be available from the auto run box for DVD videos?

I toiled and toiled, and I finally found out how to do this!

Create a file that looks like this.  Using your example script, name it ripmovie.desktop and place it in /usr/local/share/applications/ or ~/.local/share/applications/.

[Desktop Entry]
Name=RipMovie
Comment=Rip movies
Keywords=Video;Movie;Film;DVD;Disc;Rip
Exec=/usr/local/bin/ripmovie %f
Terminal=true
Type=Application
Categories=GTK;GNOME;AudioVideo;Video;
MimeType=x-content/video-dvd;
StartupNotify=true

Not all of the pieces of this are necessary, but the ones that are include the Name, the Exec, the Terminal line, and most importantly, the MimeType!  That is the piece of magic that System Settings is looking for!

I found that I had to play with the end of the Exec line.  Check out the spec of .desktop files.  I wound up just hard-coding my optical drive (/dev/sr0) in there to pass to my script.  If I ever get multiple drives, I'll worry about it then.


Jupyter notebook snap package not seeing / importing packages / modules

My System looked and I had to reboot then it started to work
import sys
!{sys.executable} -m pip install numpy
import numpy as np
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
y = [10, 20, 30, 40]
z = [100, 200, 300, 400]

xyz = (list(zip(x, y, z)))
xyz = np.float32(xyz)
print(type(xyz))
print(xyz)

output:
    Requirement already satisfied: numpy in /home/rt/snap/jupyter/common/lib/python3.7/site-packages (1.19.0)
<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
[[  1.  10. 100.]
 [  2.  20. 200.]
 [  3.  30. 300.]
 [  4.  40. 400.]]


How can I reply to email by sending a delivery failure message?

1) Spammers don't care about delivery failure messages, and sometimes by sending them you can be unintentionally spamming someone else due to the ability to forge the Reply-To field.

2) The type of delivery failure notification you're likely thinking about is generated when the server receives the email, if it reaches your inbox it's come too far. Aside from you sending your own custom "I did not receive this message" response..


urxvt misbehaving when set as the default terminal

I'm leaving this here in case anyone else had this same problem.
The problem arises because urxvt is launched as a symbolic link(update-alternatives operates by symlinking your binaries into /etc/alternatives).

So to get around this, I just created a shell script with just

#!/usr/bin/env bash
exec /usr/bin/urxvt $@

then saved it as an executable, and set the alternative to that script rather then /usr/bin/urxvt.

Make sure your script is an executable


Grub Rescue set on partition that doesn't exist

I deleted the partitions that ubuntu was installed on (sdc2, sdc3) and installed ubuntu onto sda4. Then I set the prefix and root to point to hd0,4. Its working for me now.


Deluge start-up script works but won't start daemon on startup

On 14.04 don't use inid.d use Upstart scripts instead. There is a full Upstart guide on the Deluge site walking you through setting them up.


Try changing the image source to "http://images.maas.io/ephemeral-v2/releases/" in the maas settings.


ubuntu 12.0 tls hanging at retriving 40 of 90

Try disabling "install updates" and "Install extras" checkboxes at the beginning of installation. If "skip" button is active during stall, you can safely press it too. Or may be just try tomorrow - may be your local mirrors have some problems.


Select/copy/paste in terminal using only the keyboard

I always use Ctrl+Shift+C and Ctrl+Shift+V to copy and paste in my (non tmux) terminal.
You can change these keyboard shortcuts in the keyboard preferences of your (non-tmux) terminal.

If however you want to keep using tmux you can also change the keyboard shortcuts of tmux by adding commands to ~/.tmux.conf. simply add the following in that file:

bind-key -n [shortcut. for example Ctrl+v is C-v] [what you want to do. for example 'new-window' etc]

It will look like this

bind-key -n C-t new-window

You don't need the command prefix key to execute the commands in the ~/.tmux.conf file.

For more info about the things available for ~/.tmux.conf check this link

Very rudimentary copying and pasting can be done using this however for a bit more usefulness I recommend using a Vim-style copy/paste config.
Enabling a Vim-style of copy/paste can be done with this config file or another config file. These do however require the use of the prefix key.
Someone even made a tmux extension to simplify the copy/paste action to the system clipboard in tmux. It might be worth a look.

If you want an alternative for Tmux you might try dvtm (sudo apt-get install dvtm dtach). I haven't used it myself but it looks like it has similar options.


What is the use of the *~ files; are they some kind of default backup in Ubuntu/Linux?

If you edit a file with emacs or gedtit usually those *~ backup files are generated. Say you edit a file named mytext.txt then it would create a file nemed mytext.txt~ which contains the buffer just before you edit it.

You can get back the un-edited version using in terminal

mv mytext.txt~ mytext.txt

It will revert back the changes. This happens for all the files that you can edit in text form.

I personally feel it quite annoying, to get rid of them you can set alias like,

alias cln='rm -i *~'


You have errors with your mount command.  You have a "-0"  where it should be the letter "o" for options.  You can also add access and permissions to the options configuration.  You also spelled the filetype wrong.  It's cifs not cif.  Also the smb: part of your command is improper syntax for mount.  You'll have to remove it for the command to work properly.

Change your command to the following:

$ sudo mount -t cifs //myserver/sharename /mnt/myserver/sharename -o uid=1002,gid=100,dir_mode=0770,file_mode=0660,username=me,passwrd=123,ip="100.200.0.5"

Replace the uid with the uid of your userid.

Alternatively you can mount the share similar the way a file browser does using gvfs-mount.  The command syntax is:

$ gvfs-mount smb://myserver/sharename

You will find that shared folder in:

/var/run/user/[1001]/gvfs

Replace the brackets and number with the number of your UserID.

The actual shared name in the folder would be something similar to:

smb-share:server=myserver,share=sharename

You could make a friendly name for accessing the share with:

$ ln -s /var/run/user/[1001]/gvfs/smb-share:server=myserver,share=sharename ~/sharename

After the symlink command you can access the share with:

$ cd ~/sharename


How can place Firefox’s tab close buttons on the left?

Install Tab Mix Plus Firefox Add-on
After you install it goto Tools>>Add-ons>>Extensions>>Tab Mix Plus>>
Preferences

In Display select Tab and under Show on Tab check Place on left side and click ok.


How to connect to a wireless network that has a two word name with a space?

From here:

  Add the name (ssid) for the network you want to create/join. Use single quotes if there is a space in the name.

So you could try:

wireless-essid 'BARRETT NETWORK'

Another alternative is to specify the MAC address of the router/gateway, instead of the name. This is called the bssid.

wireless-bssid FFFFFFFFFFFF

You would replace the essid line with a bssid line containing the MAC address of the router (it should be printed on the bottom of it, or can be found with sudo iwlist scanning under 'Address').

Edit: From James' comments below, try replacing the wireless-essid and wireless-key lines with the following, as you are using WPA. Your passphrase also needs to be in hex. There are online tools for converting your passphrase to hex.

wpa-ssid 'BARRETT NETWORK'
wpa-psk 46456xxxxxxxx


How to get the shutdown & restart icon back in dash

One solution is to create two .desktop files in your home folder ~/.local/share/applications with the 11.10 restart and shutdown equivalent files.

Create a text file named as below in the folder. Repeat this for the second desktop file.

Dash will automatically display restart and shutdown when you type these into dash.

step by step

Open a terminal and copy and paste the following one line at a time

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/applications
gedit ~/.local/share/applications/indicator-session-restart.desktop

Copy and paste the text below for indicator-session-restart.desktop starting from [Desktop Entry] and ending X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=indicator-session

Save and close.

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/indicator-session-shutdown.desktop

Copy and paste the text below for indicator-session-shutdown.desktop starting from [Desktop Entry] and ending X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=indicator-session

Save and close.

indicator-session-restart.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Restart
TryExec=/usr/lib/indicator-session/gtk-logout-helper
Exec=/usr/lib/indicator-session/gtk-logout-helper --restart
Icon=system-restart
Terminal=false
Type=Application
OnlyShowIn=Unity;
Categories=System;
Version=1.0
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=indicator-session

indicator-session-shutdown.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Shut Down
TryExec=/usr/lib/indicator-session/gtk-logout-helper
Exec=/usr/lib/indicator-session/gtk-logout-helper --shutdown
Icon=system-shutdown
Terminal=false
Type=Application
OnlyShowIn=Unity;
Categories=System;
Version=1.0
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=indicator-session


If you are using Mono/C#, you may be out of luck at the moment, as the GTK+ 3.x bindings are not yet well tested or shipped in Ubuntu, and the primary toolbar setting API requires GTK+ 3.x.

To do this in a language where GTK+ 3.x is available, you can do this:

context = toolbar.get_style_context()
context.add_class(Gtk.STYLE_CLASS_PRIMARY_TOOLBAR)


This will show you how to make a RAMDISK super fast and easily.  With
  a RAMDISK you can use your memory for temporary space and it’s also a
  lot quicker than your hard drive.

  Now lets start by using the next 2 commands to make your RAMDISK.

  Put whatever you want your RAMDISK to be called where I wrote
  “nameme”.

mkdir -p /media/nameme

mount -t tmpfs -o size=2048M tmpfs /media/nameme/

The above commands would use 2GB of my RAM for the RAMDISK. If you don’t have as much ram as I do I would use 512MB or 1GB. So next were going to create a command for Terminal that will automatically create the RAMDISK for you.

Source: How To Create A RAMDISK In Linux


This might be a bug in the 'stock' configuration when using mariadb as opposed to mysql that hasn't been stamped out yet, as I vaguely remember running into something similar myself when moving over to mariadb from mysql.

You will want to look in /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-server to see what is running at postrotate.  You will likely have something like this:

test -x /usr/bin/mysqladmin || exit 0
if [ -f `my_print_defaults --mysqld | grep -oP "pid-file=\K[^$]+"` ]; then
    # If this fails, check debian.conf!
    mysqladmin --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf flush-logs
fi

Ubuntu is probably looking there, so try taking a look in /etc/mysql/debian.cnf and seeing what is set.


Impossible to change server - Failed to download repository information

Your repositories seem to be quite a mess. No wonder APT is not working. I am not sure how good you kept track of all your non-standard repositories and PPAs, but your are missing most of the certificates, so the system cannot work.

I guess you are aware that the apt update command is laying the base for apt upgrade and apt install to work. apt update is comparing your system state to that of the repositories and updates your local repository information before downloading any installation files.

This works with the configuration files in

 etc/apt/...

with the main file being

 etc/apt/sources.list

You have an optional directory

 etc/apt/sources.list.d/..

that seems to be quite messed up.

My recommendation would be to make a backup of that directory, then delete the contents of your /etc/apt/sources.list.d folder and replace the original sources.list (you surely made a backup? If not see How do I restore the default repositories? or get the /etc/apt/sources.list from an Ubuntu installation disk and copy it onto your installed system). Then try again.

After fixing your repositories the process

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install <whatever you want>

should work again.

If so I would recommend to include your alternative repositories into the sources.list file and step by step and check with apt upgrade if there is anything missing. The keys you might still have for your PPA can be copied into the /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d directory.


How do I get Mediatek MT7630E 802.11bgn Wi-Fi Adapter working?

A better solution is to install the driver using DKMS. This way you won't need to re-install it after kernel uprades. Do it this way:

sudo apt-get install git dkms build-essential
git clone https://github.com/neurobin/MT7630E.git
cd MT7630E/
sudo make dkms


What is the purpose of using [-D_REENTRANT ] to compile thread program in c in Ubuntu?

From https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19455-01/806-5257/compile-4/index.html

  Defining _REENTRANT or _POSIX_C_SOURCE

  For POSIX behavior, compile applications with the -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE flag set >= 199506L. For Solaris behavior, compile multithreaded programs with the -D_REENTRANT flag. This applies to every module of an application.

  For mixed applications (for example, Solaris threads with POSIX semantics), compile with the -D_REENTRANT and -D_POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS flags.

  To compile a single-threaded application, define neither the -D_REENTRANT nor the -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE flag. When these flags are not present, all the old definitions for errno, stdio, and so on, remain in effect.

  Note -

  Compile single-threaded applications, not linked with either of
  the thread libraries (libthread.so.1 or libpthread.so.1), without the
  -D_REENTRANT flag. This eliminates performance degradation incurred when macros, such as putc(3s), are converted into reentrant function
  calls.

  To summarize, POSIX applications that define -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE get the POSIX 1003.1c semantics for the routines listed in Table 7-1. Applications that define only -D_REENTRANT get the Solaris semantics for these routines. Solaris applications that define -D_POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS get the POSIX semantics for these routines, but can still use the Solaris threads interface.

  Applications that define both -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE and -D_REENTRANT get the POSIX semantics.


How to get Netgear A6200 to work on 14.04

With Ubuntu 14.04 I did the following steps:

sudo apt-get install ndisgtk
wget www.mediafire.com/?od9wpw6ccrnyhaa
unzip A6200_Linux_drivers.zip
sudo ndisgtk

Then when ndisgtk is running, choose the file ending in "ing" that was unzipped. It should be bcmwlhigh5.inf. Once that is installed you can select a wifi network from the Network menu-bar item.


I don't know if the laptop can handle unity, it's very demanding, perhaps you should try one of the various Ubuntu based "distros".

The lightest distro is Lubuntu - you can run this on anything almost but it is no frills and looks like Windows 95, it uses the Lxde desktop.

Next is Xubuntu - This should run well on your laptop and has much more fancy bits and extras, it is inline with windows 7 with the areo effect off (basic theme with no transparancy), it uses the xfce desk top.

There is also the upcoming Ubuntu Mate - It is not out yet but you can get a beta and it will up[date later this month, this will run well and is designed to emulate the old Gnome 2 desktop.

If you are just trying distros for fun there is Gnome and Kubuntu but they are high end like Unity.

All these distros are Ubuntu and use official packages and sources and are supported on this forum.

As well as all that there are also Ubuntu forks like, Mint and Elementary OS but these are doing there own thing with Ubuntu and may work a bit diffrent.

Finaly there are hundreds of diffrent Linux distros HERE.

So don't be dishartend by Ubuntu not working there are loads to choose for.

PS With regaurds to KXstudio it is based on Ubuntu (but forked) and is for professional music production.
It comes with LOADS of free software, looks nice and uses XFCE like Xubuntu.
If thats what you want go for it BUT for an every day desktop user no, it is not for that and they proberly won''t support those features.

I would recommend Xubuntu then when you have installed

sudo apt-get install audacity ubuntu-restricted-extras

Should work great.


It looks like the linux-image-4.4.8-040408 has been manually installed without using Debian packaging.

Boot with 4.4.0-28 kernel selected from the grub menu, then manually delete the 4.4.8 kernel files from /boot.

Then run

sudo update-grub


Problem with wireless connection in 14.04 lts

did you try to upgrade the kernel?

kernel.org. has the newes one.

as far as i can remember it was

wget source && unpack and then run ...

 make-kpkg --rootcmd fakeroot --initrd --append-to-version=-new-wlan kernel-image kernel-headers kernel-source

see  this for more information https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Kernel/Compile


How did you look for it? Try entering cd ~ in a terminal window. That should take you there. By the way, it would be /usr not /user.


if you want the second drive to be bootable it has to have an efi partition. However, it is not necessary if you only boot from the first drive. Grub fully supports dual booting with windows, but some machines make you do a few tweaks (moving some files around)to keep windows from putting itself back in the first boot slot.

PS: I would make both disks bootable. that way if something does happen to disk one, you can still boot from disk two to do repairs.just install grub to the efi partition of both disks.


OpenVPN-AS on Debian server and Ubuntu 12.10 client

Concerning your first question: UDP port 1149 should be open at the server so clients could connect to it. I checked here and the client seems to use a higher port range (>50000) by default to send and receive UDP packets to server port 1149.

However, it appears you have a slight misunstanding about the working of a VPN, so I try to clear it up a little. On startup of the client the routing table should be adjusted so that all (or most or some, that depends on your config) traffic goes through the tun0 interface instead of the eth0 interface. The only packets going directly through eth0 should be UDP packets to the server at port 1149, every other packets, TCP or UDP or ICMP, are routed through tun0 where they are encapsulated by openvpn and then send via the 1149 UDP packets through eth0 to the server.

At the server the encapsulation is reversed and the TCP, UDP or ICMP packets are reassembled and send from there like they originate from a neighbouring network node incoming on a local interface (eth0/tun0/tap0) and are routed accordingly. So your client appears to "own" an interface on the server. Hence the name virtual private network.

So you have to configure transmission or deluge to use any other port than 1149 - because this one is used by VPN - i.e. 16000 (TCP and UDP). Use this port in transmission or deluge and open it in the firewall on the server and possibly route it to the VPN interface, so in this example (assuming server has interface eth0):

Open ports 16000 on the server

iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -m tcp -p tcp --dport 16000 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -m udp -p udp --dport 16000 -j ACCEPT

and apply NAT. These lines redirects all incoming TCP and UDP connections to ports 16000-16010 on the server to the VPN interface with the IP address 10.0.0.5

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -m multiport -p udp --dports 16000:16010 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.5
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -m multiport -p tcp --dports 16000:16010 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.5

Well, there may be other or better ways to handle this, but this should get you started.


KeePassX

KeePassX is a free/open-source password manager or safe which helps you to manage your passwords in a secure way. You can put all your passwords in one database, which is locked with one master key or a key-disk. So you only have to remember one single master password or insert the key-disk to unlock the whole database. The databases are encrypted using the algorithms AES or Twofish.


I did this recently actually. It depends on which drive it's referring to. I would be safe and use the option "Something else" where you can set the drive to install to manually. Otherwise, it will assume you want to install to the nvme.


If you drop an Ubuntu DVD in the drive, its partitioner will see your Fedora install and offer to shrink it to make room for Ubuntu.

One thing you could do is, if you have a separate /home partition under Fedora, is manually set the partition to be your /home partition in Ubuntu, so they'd share the same files and settings.  If you're not familiar with partitioning, look around on the Internet for a guide; it's not that hard.  Just make sure you have backups in case you accidentally nuke everything.

The bootloader configuration should be mostly automatic, too.  Ubuntu will detect Fedora and allow you to select Fedora at boot time, just like you can with Windows.  All in all, it should be pretty painless.


It could be related to this bug - https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/indicator-keyboard/+bug/1240198. I get similar with everything resetting to English (US) on boot.

One workaround appears to be to go into a different vterm and then back again (alt-ctrl-f1 then alt-ctrl-f7). This will need to be done each time the layout resets though.


How to increase /boot partition size when installing Ubuntu 14.04 using the "use entire disk and set up encrypted LVM" option?

Guided partition sizes are specified in /lib/partman/recipes[-arch]/*. The file format is here: http://ftp.dc.volia.com/pub/debian/preseed/partman-auto-recipe.txt

To increase the /boot size, change the maximum size (third number) in the boot section of the default recipe: sudo nano /lib/partman/recipes/30atomic

...

128 512 256 ext2
    ...
    mountpoint{ /boot } .

 ....

Change the 256 to a something bigger and save. Then, start the installer and use the guided option.


Applications named with special characters not showing up in the Dash

The Dash will search through your .desktop files and use the name provided and comments so that you don't have to enter "Firefox", for instance. Entering "web" will do just as fine, since "web" is part of the description of Firefox.

In the case of LÖVE, the application developer has specifically asked that the application should not show up in menus by specifying NoDisplay=True in the desktop file. I don't know exactly why they've done this, but it might be because it requires a filename input in order to do anything useful.

If you think this should be different, you can file a bug with the LÖVE developers by pressing Alt+F2 and enter ubuntu-bug love.


I want to configure maximum number of machines in MaaS

There's no maximum-nodes setting; but to support your sort of use case, in which you want to place your workloads carefully onto particular hardware, you can directly deploy and add-unit onto known machines:

juju deploy haproxy --to 0
juju add-unit nova-compute --to 1

...or you can add lxc containers to those machines, and deploy into those:

juju add-machine lxc:2  # add a new lxc container on machine 2, named 2/lxc/0
juju deploy nyancat --to 2/lxc/0

Note that providers other than MAAS do not currently support containers well, but support for EC2 and openstack-based clouds is scheduled for the next for months.


Fallback to Gnome classic desktop Ubuntu 14.04

I've found gnome-flashback-session which provides both Compiz and Metacity environment. Installation guide is here. You can see the screenshot below:


ubuntu app wont let me change directory using the cd command

When you want to change your directory with cd command, you should enter a path directory after cd:
cd your_path_directory

Path can be relative or absolute.
In relative path you enter a path from where you are now. For example, if your terminal open in home directory you can easily go to Desktop with this commad:
cd Desktop

because a Desktop directory is in your home but if you aren't in home you must enter a path apropriate for this situation.
For example if you are in Downloads directory you should run:
cd ../Desktop

You can also use absolute path like this:
cd /home/yourusername/Desktop

or replace /home/yourusername with ~:
cd ~/Desktop

If you want have a better understanding about it you can read the linux cammand line book. it has a complete explaination for path.


MD5 hash for ubuntu .iso (14.04 through 18.10)

No. they are not the same.
The Md5sums for 14.04 releases are as follows:

 dccff28314d9ae4ed262cfc6f35e5153 *ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso
 c4d4d037d7d0a05e8f526d18aa25fb5e *ubuntu-14.04-desktop-i386.iso
 01545fa976c8367b4f0d59169ac4866c *ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64.iso
 08d25bf879e353686a974b7b14ae7d81 *ubuntu-14.04-server-i386.iso
 119cb63b48c9a18f31f417f09655efbd *ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso
 a4fc15313ef2a516bfbf83ce44281535 *ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-i386.iso
 ca2531b8cd79ea5b778ede3a524779b9 *ubuntu-14.04.1-server-amd64.iso
 3aa14ca13d52df070870d39306f4a4eb *ubuntu-14.04.1-server-i386.iso

The md5sums for 14.10 are as follows:

08494b448aa5b1de963731c21344f803 *ubuntu-14.10-desktop-amd64.iso
4a3c4b8421af51c29c84fb6f4b3fe109 *ubuntu-14.10-desktop-i386.iso
91bd1cfba65417bfa04567e4f64b5c55 *ubuntu-14.10-server-amd64.iso
1c920941d2544c0e097deb79cf3ebfbd *ubuntu-14.10-server-i386.iso

The right place to look is one of the sources below (If you are detecting a pattern here, you're right in that the link is http://releases.ubuntu.com/version.number/MD5SUMS. where version number is yy.mm of the release in question. You can also find md5sums for the following at the aforementioned link.

Edubuntu
Kubuntu
Lubuntu
Mythbuntu
Ubuntu GNOME
UbuntuKylin
Ubuntu MATE
UbuntuStudio
Xubuntu

Sources:

14.04
14.10
15.04
15.10
16.04
16.10
17.04
17.10
18.04
18.10

The md5sums for recent Ubuntu versions including Lubuntu Kubuntu Xubuntu, etc. can be found here and previous and point releases and their md5sums can also been found on this page. Drill down through version into release (or source) to find the sum (hash) for your version.

You can check the hash (md5sum) with the command md5sum ubuntu-version-desktop-variant.iso on a Linux system (Changing the name of the ISO file to match the one you have).

You can check the ISO under Windows using the built-in command certUtil (included in Windows 7 or newer), or you can use either the MD5 & SHA Checksum Utility available here or the Microsoft File Checksum Integrity Verifier available here.


Where can I find SVG sources of the Ubuntu icons?

You can find a lot of mimetype SVG icons in /usr/share/icons/gnome/scalable. A lot of application icons are located in /usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps and /usr/share/pixmaps.


How to connect to server as root in Nautilus?

If I understand you correctly, go to Places -> Connect to Server -> Select:

Service type: select SSH
Server: Type in your servers ip address here, such as 123.456.789.123
Port: Leave blank
Folder: Leave blank
User Name: root

Press connect

Now you should get prompted for a password for your RSA/DSA keys. Key in your password and voila! It connects!


Found 'solutions' to "cannot find -lcrypto" are not working for me

/usr/bin/ld is provided by the package binutils

So try after installing this:

sudo apt-get install binutils libc6 libgcc1 libstdc++6 zlib1g gcc-4.6-base multiarch-support


Ubuntu not booting: "Could not write bytes: broken pipes"

Actually, what's going on is when you go into recovery your disks are mounted as read-only. I just did this and for some reason the Mount Disk option didn't work, so I just hit the 'root' option and used:

mount -o remount,rw,errors=remount-ro /

This makes your drive writable. Once you do that you should be able to do your dkpkg-reconfigure lightdm

If it still says "read-only filesystem" then do the opposite and start a disk check:

mount -o remount,ro /
rootpartition=$(cat /etc/fstab | grep -E "# / was on .*installation" | awk '{print $5}')
e2fsck $rootpartition

If you can't remember that big long rootpartition= string, you can also get the device by going to /dev/disk/by-uuid use the file that is a big 36-character string (it should be the only one if you don't have any other Ext partitions). So, it would look something like this (using my UUID): fsck /dev/disk/by-uuid/062b52ee-5df4-4ad2-829e-0734f822748c

If any errors are found, be sure to restart!

In fact, I had this exact same problem when trying to nuke Unity and uninstalling unity-greeter (even though lightdm was still installed). I think it removed /etc/lightdm/unity-greeter.conf but left /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf (which has a reference to unity-greeter.conf) unchanged. That makes sense why it wouldn't boot, though I didn't think to look and just re-installed unity-greeter once I worked my way past the read-only issue I was having.

Anyway, give it a shot!


Boot from USB option not avalible Ubuntu 14.10

I had to turn secure boot off before an Asus X200 would boot from USB.  Things worked normally after that.

The secure boot option is in the UEFI settings (BIOS), so if your machine is not a UEFI machine, it does not even exist.


Reduce swap size on Ubuntu which is alongside macOS

Here are your Ubuntu partitions:

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   4       423929928       439535503   7.4 GiB     8200
   5       489259008       490233855   476.0 MiB   EF00
   6       439535616       489259007   23.7 GiB    8300

Partition 4 is your swap space, followed by an ESP (more on that shortly) and finally your Ubuntu root (/) partition. Before you begin, you should consider a few points:

Your disk has two EFI System Partitions (ESPs). This is legal, but pointless. In fact, the df output you posted shows that /dev/sda5 is unused by Ubuntu; and macOS won't use it, either. Thus, if you decide to proceed with your plan, I recommend you delete /dev/sda5, along with resizing the swap partition. This will enable you to recover an extra 476 MiB of disk space.
Because your swap space precedes your Ubuntu root (/) partition and you want to add space to that installation, the usual way to do this involves moving the start of the root partition. Moving the start of a partition is more time-consuming and more dangerous than moving the end of a partition. If you decide to resize these partitions, you should be sure to back up your Ubuntu installation, or at least any personal data it holds, before proceeding.
As an alternative to resizing the root partition, you could shrink your swap space, delete the ESP, and create a new partition (presumably ~3-4 GiB in size). You could then use that partition for exchanging data between macOS and Linux or transfer the contents of some Ubuntu directory to that partition. OTOH, even 4 GiB is so small that it might not be worth bothering with this.

Overall, therefore, I don't think it's worth the bother or risk to do as you're suggesting; you'd only be gaining about 4 GiB (closer to 8 GiB if you completely deleted the swap space, which I do not recommend), which is smaller than most modern USB flash drives. OTOH, your Ubuntu installation is fairly small, at about 24 GiB, with about 16 GiB free, so that 4 GiB increase would be a significant increase in available disk space, percentage-wise. I guess the big question is whether you anticipate using more disk space -- probably for personal files, but conceivably for big programs. If not, then I wouldn't bother increasing the size of the Ubuntu partition; but if you do anticipate using more disk space, it might be better to increase that disk space sooner rather than later.

If you decide to proceed anyway, you should use GParted, not any macOS resizing tool; you won't be touching any macOS partitions, so a macOS tool would do nothing useful. You'll need to do the work from an emergency disk; GParted won't let you resize or move a partition that's currently mounted, which your Ubuntu root (/) partition must be when you've booted Ubuntu. There are several questions and answers on this site that cover how to do this, such as:

How to resize partitions?
Gparted - How to move partition to extend the size
How do I resize root partition?

Finally, if you're running short of disk space, especially in macOS as well as Ubuntu, you might consider upgrading your disk. Your current disk is only 234 GiB, which is pretty small by modern standards. If you do such an upgrade, you can resize the partitions as part of the disk swap.


Is it possible to stream one's desktop to Youtube live event?

With Google hangouts, it's pretty simple, start an Hangout on air and share your Desktop.

The process to start a live hangout is well described here:

https://www.google.com/+/learnmore/hangouts/onair.html

Regarding desktop sharing (or just one application):

Hover over the left side of the video call window, and a bar with
various app icons will appear.
Click  Screenshare on the left
side of your screen.
In the window that appears, choose your desktop or choose the window
you want to share.
Click Start Screenshare.

Source


How do I configure existing Postfix server to use external Spamassassin server?

I went with creating my own content filter and butchered the example script here

The difference between the above example script and what I wanted to achieve was that I only wanted spamassassin to give me a spam score, by using the following

spamc -d 10.10.10.50 -p783 -c < [mail msg]

where

-d is the spamassassin host

-p is the tcp port

-c 'check only'

spamc can be installed by using apt-get install spamc


How to find the internet data usage of all users and categorized per user in ubuntu?

Try vnstat. Here is a link to the Ubuntu page.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMonitorInternetTrafficTotals


You may be suffering from a clash with the acer-wmi kernel module.

rfkill list all says it is "acer-wireless: soft blocked: yes"

try the following:

sudo modprobe -r acer-wmi
cd /etc/modprobe.d
sudo nano blacklist.conf

Then add blacklist acer-wmi as a new line at the end of the file.

Save and reboot.

Rerun rfkill list all again - if there still is a "hard-block" you have disabled the wifi via a switch or a Fn key type wireless on/off.

On some laptops the hardware switch can be quite small to find - check your laptop manual.


How can I install python 64 bit on ubuntu 32 bit?

I'm trying to install python3.6 64-bit [...] but my ubuntu16.04 is 32-bit version
  Can I do that?

No.
You cannot execute 64-bit code on a 32-bit system (without an emulator - and I don't know of any one which achieves that).

So a 64-bit system is indicated by the following terms:

* AMD64, EM64T, Intel64, x86_64 and x64.

They all do mean the same - a 64-bit capable system.


You have to move the unallocated space just above to the /dev/sda2 so that you can get the unallocated space into the extended partition.

Follow the below steps to increase the size of /root partition and make sure that you had not mounted any partitions,

Boot Ubuntu live disk and open gparted partition editor.
Now right-click on the /dev/sda3    partition and select Resize/Move option.Now move the dragger to the extreme right so that the unallocated space will comes above the /dev/sda3 partition.
Follow the above step to move the unallocated space just above to the /dev/sda2.
Now right-click on the extended partition and select the Resize/Move option.Now you can be able to add the unallocated space to the extended partition.
After adding that,the space comes just below to the /dev/sda6.
Now right-click on the /dev/sda6 partition and select Resize/Move option to add the unallocated space to your /root partition.


Problem installing fglrx drivers 13.1 with kernel 3.4 on ubuntu 12.04.02 x64

Frank, I don't know about rolling back the kernel to 3.4, but you need to run this code to establish dependencies:

sudo apt-get install build-essential cdbs fakeroot dh-make debhelper debconf libstdc++6 dkms libqtgui4 wget execstack libelfg0 dh-modaliases

and this if you have 64-bit 12.04:

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

Then you can try this:  https://launchpad.net/~makson96/+archive/fglrx  if you have an ATI/AMD graphics card HD 2xxx to HD 4xxx.  Hope this helps. This is all contained in my question: ati catalyst 13.1 driver on 12.04 LTS w/ 3.5.0-25 kernel


Ubuntu base is a group for the tools and services and core parts of Ubuntu and the following applies equally to any software installed.

It's normal to have Ubuntu base updates more often. In Linux, security flaws are found much easier when they exist due to the code being open. Then the patch is immediately put upstream and onto your computer through the package update.

Whereas in a closed source system, often such flaws aren't found until exploitation. Its just a matter of when the security flaw is found, not the existence itself.


HP Pavillion won't connect to wifi : rtl8723be

First of all remove the settings you made.

sudo rm /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf

If you do not have this file, nothing is wrong.

Then install a good driver

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtlwifi-new-dkms

Reboot and enjoy

If you still have problems, you may need to add an option:

echo "options rtl8723be ant_sel=2"  | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf

then reboot again.

If you do not have any internet connection, you can download the package using another computer, a phone, etc.

The package is HERE

You will also need DKMS installed. You can find the DKMS package for Ubuntu 16.04 HERE

Copy these two files to the Ubuntu Home folder (~/) and run in terminal

sudo dpkg -i dkms*.deb rtlwifi*.deb

Then reboot.


You need to investigate 'USB mode switch' settings to support your particular modem. Otherwise, it will look like a USB storage device to Ubuntu.

See answer in: USB mode switch - Some Background


To remove a tag from one or more photos, first select that tag in the
  sidebar, then select the photos you would like to remove, and choose
  Tags ▸ Remove Tag "[name]" from Photos or right-click on the photos an
  select Remove Tag "[name]" from Photos.

Source: http://yorba.org/shotwell/help/tag.html


Get the sum of all values in a specific column of a ListView in QML

i think something like this will help you.

function sum(){
  var result = 0;
  for(var i = 0; i < fruitModel.count; i++){
    result += fruitModel.get(i).cost;
  }
  return result;
}


Dual booting UEFI Windows 10 and legacy Ubuntu

It won't screw it up, I recommend doing it like this, I'm currently running Windows 10 on UEFI and Ubuntu 17 on legacy and everything works fine, my laptop BIOS lets me choose which one to run by default so I can choose the one I use mostly at any time and not worry about choosing OS Everytime it boots up.


How to add access controls to Accessibility Options?

I guess the main issue here (past all the social nonsense) is one user can affect another. This is a technical situation that Linux has been fairly good at preventing for a fairly long time. The fact this is a problem suggests to me that you're not actually providing these people with their own logins, going for a single-user method.

That's a major issue in itself because people using browsers aren't getting the privacy or security they might expect. People can run things in that shared user that log keystokes, monitors browsers, etc. Not good stuff.

So break things out. Get a LDAP-style system in place so every user has their own account. Make the computers refresh from a central ISO. User files stored in a central place too. It's hard work but it's infinitely better than what you've got.

By this point you're in a situation where no one (non-admin) user can affect another user.

Past this if people want to muck up their own sessions, you have to explore the behaviour that leads to all this. People are vandalising the lab equipment and you need to address that lack of respect.

A few suggestions:

Log common commands that cause issues (easy with a wrapper script). For instance it should be posible to log the start of the accessibility applications to a central server so that you know who is loading it and when they're doing it.
Charge people to fix deliberate breaks.
Stick up a couple of cheapy webcams in labs to corroborate logs.

You don't need to get 1984 on your users but they need to know the limits.


At first I answered this question to match Lucasmus' situation where he actually had been able to restore the ability to boot already, and had a working grub from a (non-wubi Ubuntu install) on his MBR. Since most people coming here are probably not in that situation, but just getting the grub rescue shell at boot and can't boot Windows or their Wubi install at all, I've remade the instructions for the normal case. The answer for Lucasmus's question was basically to follow what's now steps 2 through 5 below.

This is unfortunately a known bug in Wubi https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/610898. I've submitted a patch to hopefully prevent future users from having Wubi render their drive completely unbootable but until that or another fix is accepted this is what you need to do (in Wubi) to get Windows and Ubuntu booting and prevent this from happening again:

1: Boot from an Ubuntu LiveCD and run sudo software-properties-gtk -e universe && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install mbr && sudo install-mbr /dev/sda.

If you have more than one hard drive you will need to change /dev/sda in that last command to the drive windows is on. But it will always be a drive, never a partition. So /dev/sdb might be appropriate but never /dev/sdb1 (doing the latter could overwrite Window's PBR making it even harder to boot back into windows).

Now you should be able to boot into Windows or your Wubi install like before. If you want to continue using Wubi then follow the next steps to be sure that you don't get into an unbootable situation again.

2: Boot into your Wubi install and run sudo dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc This will bring up some dialogs with questions.

3: For the first question The following Linux command line was extracted from /etc/default/grub or the 'kopt' parameter in GRUB Legacy's menu.lst.  Please verify that it is correct, and modify it if necessary. Leave the field at its default (probably blank) and press enter to continue to the next question.

4: For the second question The following string will be used as Linux parameters for the default menu entry but not for the recovery mode. again leave it at the default (probably "quiet splash") and press enter to continue

5: This question ...GRUB install devices: is the important one. Make sure that you uncheck everything but /dev/loop0. You can check/uncheck an entry with the space bar, and change entries with the arrow keys.

If you press enter before unchecking /dev/sda from this list your computer will become unbootable again.

Now you can safely update/upgrade your Wubi install without worrying about your computer becoming unbootable.


Should one call this an inverse differential backup and how does one achieve it?

It sounds to me like what you are wanting to achieve is exactly the way BackupPC works. See http://backuppc.sourceforge.net/

You can install it in Ubuntu using

sudo apt-get install backuppc

Note however that the default install doesn't do anything on its own. You will have to create configuration files for each machine and/or directory you want backed up.

The way BackupPC works is by transferring a copy of the files on the first backup, and then on subsequent backups, creates hard links to the unchanged files and copies the changed ones. SO to your filesystem, when you navigate to the BackupPC backup directory, you have a snapshot of the way the files looked on a particular time.

See http://backuppc.sourceforge.net/info.html or install backuppc on your system and read the docs there.

Here's how to install it (the process may vary in newer versions): How to configure Backuppc in ubuntu 12.04?

Watch for issues with differing filesystems on different systems (Windows / Linux / Macintosh). Furthermore, differences in the the way the backup volume is connected between the host and the backup clients (network drive vs. local drives for example) will have a huge effect on the time it takes to finish a backup.


Ubuntu 21.04 boot issues on MSI Prestige EVO 14

Today MSI released a new bios and it solves the issue.


Problems with second hard drive (not detected until click, and extra win10 loader)

In answer to your first question: You can find out how to auto-mount NTFS partitions on boot here.


How to enable 3D acceleration with an Nvidia Geforce GT 540M

the GT 540M indicates that you have optimus technology. Optimus allows you to choose between the Intel GPU that is part of the Core i Series processors and the discrete chip (the Nvidia GT 540M).
There are two things I would do:
Check your bios settings and see if you can set the video card to use the discrete graphics only. This is not available on all bioses, but if it is there you will have the options of:

Optimus
Discrete
Integrated

Choose Discrete.
Then upon completing the boot ensure the Nvidia proprietary drivers are installed. There should be no need to use the PPA; simply use

System Settings > Additional Drivers

That should then give you options for your Nvidia card.
I hope that helps.


Same problem bro, upgrade to 15.10. Use the "Software Update" tool. It'll update just about everything thats in the repositories you've got setup.

Edit: you need to update all your software before you can upgrade the install. the same tool does it.


Audio / Volume Levels Not Remembered After Reboot

So I found an answer on reddit from resharing. Credit to u/JeffJ_1 for the solution:

Audio Volume Levels not remembered after reboot


What happen to Kompozer? Is there an easy way to install in 13.10?

Install the dependencies:

sudo apt-get install libatk1.0-0 libc6 libcairo2 libfontconfig1 libfreetype6 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libglib2.0-0 libgtk2.0-0 libidl0 libnspr4 libnss3 libpango1.0-0 libpng12-0 libstdc++6 libx11-6 libxft2 libxinerama1 libxrender1 libxt6 zlib1g

32 bit systems:

Download the packages

wget -c https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/kompozer-data_0.8~b3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_all.deb

wget -c https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/kompozer-dev_0.8~b3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_all.deb

wget -c https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/kompozer_0.8~b3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_i386.deb

Install the packages and fix the broken dependencies, if any:

sudo dpkg -i kompozer*.deb

sudo apt-get install -f

64 bit systems:

Download the packages

wget -c https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/kompozer-data_0.8~b3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_all.deb

wget -c https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/kompozer-dev_0.8~b3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_all.deb

wget -c https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/kompozer_0.8~b3.dfsg.1-0.1ubuntu2_amd64.deb

Install the packages and fix the broken dependencies, if any:

sudo dpkg -i kompozer*.deb

sudo apt-get install -f

Source


How to make desktop icons display on startup of Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa

Method 1 here: How to restart GUI on Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa provides a faster workaround to this bug.
While logged in to your GNOME desktop press Alt + F2 key combination. Into the Enter a Command box type r and press Enter. This also works in 16.04 and 18.04 and doesn't force close any open windows or log out.


How do I install the Overdrive lending library program on Wine?

I had the same problem until I used winecfg to change the Windows version from XP to Win 7. The installer ran and I was then able to download an MP3 audiobook.


Need help with Dual boot Win 8.1 & Ubuntu 14.04 on HP Envy j112 tx Notebook

@sd14

I am new to linux too. There are quite a few good tutorial. Do quick google search you will find a few? I have summarized a few that you might find helpful.

DUAL boot issues with windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.04
Dual boot with Windows 8.1 on Toshiba Satellite

Also give a little bit more detail on what you have done with your outcome. This way you will get a better response from the community.


Installing windows after ubuntu is installed (need to create ntfs partition too)

Create a live usb/cd disk of ubuntu. (you can use startup disk creator application in ubuntu).

Boot using that cd/usb. Now install gparted in live usb/cd. Issue following in a terminal

sudo apt-get install gparted

Now use gparted to create a ntfs volume. Since you are running from usb/cd the hard disk won't be mounted.

Now install windows.

to fix mbr,Again boot with live usb. Install a tool called boot-repair. Issue following commands to get it

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

Now launch boot-repair and then use Recommended Repair

Good luck. :)

Boot-repair docs


Is it possible to install Microsoft office 2011- Mac version - in Ubuntu?

It is not possible because we don't have any good compatibility layer that supports MAC OS X programs well.  The closest, and only one would be Darling. Sadly, it can only run basic hello world programs. WINE does support Windows programs well, but not MAC OS X programs. So if you have the Windows version. You can run it in WINE.


Windows 10 will only connect to Ubuntu wirelessly but not via LAN

1) You might need a crossover cable. (Not likely, as most modern NICs automatically crossover)

2) You must manually assign IPs since there is no DHCP server involved when connecting directly.

If you need help assigning IPs, I'll be more than happy to extrapolate. (I don't know your level of networking know-how)

How to assign IPs

First, let me make sure I completely understand what you are trying to do. When connected, your computers would look like this, correct?

On your Windows 10 computer:

Go Control Panel > Network & Sharing > Change Adapter Settings (in the left pane)

Once there, right-click on your Ethernet NIC and select "Properties".

In the Properties menu, select IPv4 and click properties (See screenshot)

After doing that you should be presented with this dialog box (your values will be different of course):

Change the following:
1) Change the top radio button to "Use the following IP address"
2) Change the IP address to 192.168.4.12
3) Change the "subnet mask" to 255.255.255.0
4) Leave the "default gateway" blank
5) Change the bottom radio button to "use the following DNS server addresses"
6) Make both DNS boxes blank
7) Uncheck "validate settings upon exit"

On your Ubuntu computer:
Go Dash > Network Connections

Then, click on "Wired Connection 1" and click edit in the right pane. After it pops up, switch to the IPv4 Settings tab.

Then in the mode drop-down, select Manual:

In the addresses area, click add on the right side.

Change the following:
1) IP address to 192.168.4.13
2) Subnet Mask to 255.255.255.0
3) Leave Gateway blank

Then, click save.

Restart both machines. Your IPs are now assigned!


How to recover offscreen window after disconnecting second monitor?

Move all windows into the visible area

As proposed/requested in a comment, the script below will move all "normal" windows to the visible area on the current workspace.

The solution is a workaround; the screen info is updated correctly, given the difference in the output of xrandr, before and and after disconnecting. The reason why the windows do not move by themselves is (currently) unknown, unless another answer solves the issue.

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess

# get the resolution of the screen (+0+0)
res = [
    int(n) for n in [
        s.split("+")[0].split("x")\
        for s in subprocess.check_output(["xrandr"]).decode("utf-8").split()\
        if "+0+0" in s][0]
    ]
# create list of windows
w_list = [w.split() for w in subprocess.check_output(["wmctrl", "-lG"]).decode("utf-8").splitlines()]
# filter only "normal" ones
valid = [
    w for w in w_list if "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL" in\
    subprocess.check_output(["xprop", "-id", w[0]]).decode("utf-8")
    ]
# get the number of valid windows and calculate a targeted position
# the targeted position is a hunch, it will be exact if the window fits completely inside the resolution
# it will work anyway
parts = len(valid)+2
positions = [(int(n*res[0]/parts), int(n*res[1]/parts)) for n in list(range(parts))[1:-1]]
# unmaximaize, move the windows to the visible area (current workspace)
for i, w in enumerate(valid):
    subprocess.Popen(["wmctrl", "-ir", w[0], "-b", "remove,maximized_vert,remove,maximized_horz"])
    # weird, but sometimes wmctrl refuses to move a window if it is not resized first (?)
    subprocess.Popen(["wmctrl", "-ir", w[0], "-e", "0,200,200,200,200"])
    subprocess.Popen(["wmctrl", "-ir", w[0], "-e", (",").join(["0", str(positions[i][0]), str(positions[i][1]),w[4],w[5]])])

How to use

The script needs wmctrl:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

Copy the script into an empty file, safe it as move_windows.py
Test- run it: open a number of windows, place them on different workspaces etc., or try disconnecting the second monitor. Then run the command:

python3 /path/to/move_windows.py

All "normal" windows should move to the visible area of the current workspace.
If all works fine, add it to a shortcut key: choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts". Click the "+" and add the command:

python3 /path/to/move_windows.py

Now you should be able to move all windows into the visible area on the current workspace, with your shortcut key.


I want to write all zeros to my hard drive, so I can re-install windows 7

First off, I'd use the built-in format function in the Disk panel.

However, your mistake is that you're not root. This is very easy to fix. Change your command to:

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1024

Now, run it. When it asks you for your password, enter it. You will not see characters

Generally, whenever you see Permission Denied, it means you need to do whatever it is you are trying to do as root. This does NOT mean you should put sudo before every command that results in Permission Denied. Instead, think of each Permission Denied message as this:

  Hey! You! Yes, you. With the pants. This command is going to do something that might be dangerous to your system. Please review it carefully! If you still want to run it, add sudo to the beginning of the command.


How can I get available updates to show at login?

You could use update-motd to execute apt-get --dry-run update; apt-get --dry-run dist-upgrade (or whatever you feel is close enough to what you would to to, hmm, update your system).


Had found this 'answer', then did some more digging about and found a post on Reddit saying this package was merged in to libmariabd-java:

I found the solution. The libmysql-java has been (I think merged) with libmariadb-java. So, I just installed it using
sudo apt install libmariadb-java

After that just repeated the same steps as I would do with 18.04 and it worked! No problems whatsoever.


Linux Installation Copy & Version Upgrading

I would backup and restore your USB disk image using instructions as described in this link.

Then I would adjust the persistent storage size using instructions such as described here.

To upgrade, you must upgrade in order i.e. 10.04 to 10.10 to 11.04 etc.  Canonical only supports this route between LTS versions.

You will be able to move from one LTS version to another in one go since this will be a supported route i.e. 10.04 to 12.04.

Attempting to circumvent these recommendations is definitely not recommended - you could end up with broken packages, files not upgraded or incorrectly modified resulting in a system which would behave erratically, or even just not boot.


From https://etherape.sourceforge.io/ - Overview of changes in EtherApe 0.9.18 (Sunday, June 3, 2018): EtherApe now is a pure GTK 3 application, with canvas supplied by GooCanvas.

Install GooCanvas, then install "Shutter" and reboot - works for me.


Squid proxy server (or iptables) will not let my users send or receive mail

I'm not sure what exactly you're going to achieve. As far as I understand you're going to use the machine with squid as router/firewall for the following scenario:

allow web protocols (http/ftp) through squid only
allow access to smpt/pop3 from your internal network to the outside via NAT.
Your gateway to the internet is 192.168.1.5

Usually NAT translates from one Network (192.168.1.0/24) to another one (i.e. 84.145.77.23/32) and the other way around. So you might need to setup NAT rules on the your gateway machine 192.168.1.5 in order to work.

So that the outgoing path is:

client -> 192.168.1.210 ->NAT-> 192.168.1.5 ->NAT-> mailserver

And the incoming path for responses is:

mailserver -> 192.168.1.5 ->NAT-> 192.168.1.210 ->NAT-> client

As seen here 192.168.1.210 could be eliminated and the gateway could be configured accepting and NATing outgoing smtp/pop3 traffic from all clients and accepting outgoning http(s)/ftp traffic from 192.168.1.210 only.

Imho the second NAT between 192.168.1.210 and 192.168.1.5 might cause problems (same network) and is unnecessary.

To enable NAT in general on 192.168.1.210 please try the following first:

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

change eth0 to your network interface name, if necessary.


How to add the APT key for Microsoft packages

Never mind, the error message was kind of misleading.

The problem was that my sources.list file (that I had taken from Microsoft's own instructions) was pointing to a non-existent key file:

deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/packages.microsoft.gpg] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main

I removed the signed-by option from the square brackets, and everything worked.


How to make and install the image of my own Ubuntu 16.04 installation with Docker on a remote server

This is off in Docker land but I'm going to try and do my best to help.

You'll probably need to create an account on the Docker Hub in order to get the image onto their server(s).

Your best friend in this endeavor is google because you're going to need to learn how to create a Dockerfile.

You're going to need to create a Dockerfile and then install the necessary items you need into that image.i.e. MonocularTotalCapture

This is a rough framework of what you're going to need with a lot missing, but hopefully you get the idea, you have to step through the typical installation process but instead of running the commands on your machine, they are docker commands.

From https://github.com/CMU-Perceptual-Computing-Lab/MonocularTotalCapture you need to go through and add all of the dependencies and then walk through all of the installation steps.

FROM ubuntu:16.04
RUN apt update \
    && apt install -y ffmpeg \
    && apt install -y python3.5 \
    && apt install -y pip3 \
    && apt install -y git

RUN git clone "https://github.com/CMU-Perceptual-Computing-Lab/MonocularTotalCapture.git"

As a note, this is not necessarily going to be an easy process it is doable and you're going to learn a lot in the process.

EDIT: You might not need to start with a bare Ubuntu image. https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker Looks like nvidia as an ubuntu base image with their drivers which is probably an even better starting point as you won't need to manually install the drivers during the install process.


"Connect to server" option changed in 14.04?? Can't connect using WebDav

Regarding the second question, the answer is to type "dav://10.0.1.15:8888/" into the location bar and/or the "Connect to Server" dialog box. This is the prefix that Nautilus uses


Lubuntu - Desktop Preferences error ¨Desktop Manager Not Active¨

In a normal Lubuntu 18.04 installation, the desktop is managed by the file manager PCManFM. Did you do something to change this? Perhaps you changed the default file manager?  Anyway, you can set pcmanfm to manage the desktop with the command pcmanfm --desktop.


Keep Laptop Connected to wifi when closed

Search for and open Power from the Dash
Change "When the lid is closed" to "Do nothing"


how to activate different wired profiles in Gnome3?

As described here, you add them using nm-connection-editor and then select one from the network panel (just like with wireless networks).


Uninstall Ubuntu 15.04 from dual boot on windows 8.1

All the steps should be covered here at

How to remove Ubuntu and put Windows back on?

Hope this helps and Good Luck

Ask for more help If necessary

UPDATE: To the asker who was interested in EasyBCD, I have asked the question about it a while ago How to use windows 8 bootloader instead of ubuntu 13.04grub?


To update from command line, use the following:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


How to use Internet connection of a remote server in the local machine?

If the limitation is your local PC's bandwidth, then browsing over an SSH Tunnel will not increase your local connection speed.  The limit will still exist.

If, however you're going to use the remote machine to download, and save there (not on your local machine), then there are definite speed benefits.

This can be complicated though, and depends entirely on what you want to achieve.

I'd suggest reading the official OpenSSH/PortForwarding document.

I've already set the link to go directly to the "Local Port Forwarding" section.  It seems this is most likely what you're looking for.


How to enable headset mode for ALC298 driver on Xiaomi Mi Notebook Pro in Ubuntu 19.10

TL;DR: I added

options snd-hda-intel model=alc298-dell1

to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf and it worked.

After i posted the question i decided to check out what models can i test in /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf. I found this information in kernel sources in the ./Documentation/sound/hd-audio/models.rst.

I was trying models that had "headset" in their names. To be more precise first two were headset-mic and headset-mode which i have already tried before i posted the question. So i tried the next one which is dell-headset-multi and it partially fixed my problem. I was able to choose a headset mode when i plugged in my headset. But headset's mic still didn't work.

Then i decided to try specific alc298 models and added to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf a line with

options snd-hda-intel model=alc298-dell1

and after that my mic started working.


Synergy clipboard (copy/paste) not working with glipper?

Yup - and indeed, glipper was the problem: however, only if it is running on the synergy server machine! Strange for me, because it influences the copy/paste on the client machine locally...

In fact, now I have the synergy server machine running without glipper - however, with glipper running on the synergy client machine - and all seems to work fine re: copypasting!

I tried getting some logs; this is approximately what was generated as messages when glipper was working on the server machine:

client log of problem situation (with glipper running on server):

$ synergyc -f --debug DEBUG 192.168.1.XX
INFO: Synergy 1.4.11 Client on Linux 2.6.38-16-generic #67-Ubuntu SMP Thu Sep 6
....
INFO: leaving screen
INFO: entering screen
DEBUG: recv clipboard 0 size=21
DEBUG: open clipboard 0
DEBUG: empty clipboard 0
DEBUG: grabbed clipboard 0
DEBUG: add 9 bytes to clipboard 0 format: 0
DEBUG: close clipboard 0
DEBUG: recv clipboard 1 size=21
DEBUG: open clipboard 1
DEBUG: empty clipboard 1
DEBUG: grabbed clipboard 1
DEBUG: add 9 bytes to clipboard 1 format: 0
DEBUG: close clipboard 1

DEBUG: lost clipboard 1 ownership at time 758675
DEBUG: lost clipboard 1 ownership at 758675
DEBUG: recv grab clipboard 1
DEBUG: open clipboard 1
DEBUG: empty clipboard 1
DEBUG: grabbed clipboard 1
DEBUG: close clipboard 1
DEBUG: lost clipboard 1 ownership at time 761802
DEBUG: lost clipboard 1 ownership at 761802
DEBUG: recv grab clipboard 1
DEBUG: open clipboard 1
DEBUG: empty clipboard 1
DEBUG: grabbed clipboard 1
DEBUG: close clipboard 1
INFO: leaving screen
DEBUG: adopting new buffer
DEBUG: discarding 1 event(s)
DEBUG: closed display
NOTE: stopped client

server log of problem situation (with glipper running on server):

$ synergys -f --debug DEBUG -c ~/.quicksynergy/synergy.conf
INFO: Synergy 1.4.11 Server on Linux 2.6.32-44-generic #98-Ubuntu SMP Mon Sep 24 17:32:45 UTC 2012 i686
...
INFO: switch from "SynSERVER" to "SynCLIENT" at 1023,319
INFO: leaving screen
DEBUG: open clipboard 0
DEBUG: ICCCM fill clipboard 0
DEBUG:   available targets: TIMESTAMP (404), TARGETS (402), MULTIPLE (403), SAVE_TARGETS (441), UTF8_STRING (277), COMPOUND_TEXT (469), TEXT (502), STRING (31), text/plain;charset=utf-8 (503), text/plain (499)
DEBUG:   added format 0 for target UTF8_STRING (277) (9 bytes)
DEBUG: close clipboard 0
INFO: screen "SynSERVER" updated clipboard 0
DEBUG: open clipboard 1
DEBUG: ICCCM fill clipboard 1
DEBUG:   available targets: TIMESTAMP (404), TARGETS (402), MULTIPLE (403), UTF8_STRING (277), COMPOUND_TEXT (469), TEXT (502), STRING (31), text/plain;charset=utf-8 (503), text/plain (499)
DEBUG:   added format 0 for target UTF8_STRING (277) (9 bytes)
DEBUG: close clipboard 1
INFO: screen "SynSERVER" updated clipboard 1
DEBUG: send clipboard 0 to "SynCLIENT" size=21
DEBUG: send clipboard 1 to "SynCLIENT" size=21
DEBUG: received client "SynCLIENT" grabbed clipboard 1 seqnum=7
INFO: screen "SynCLIENT" grabbed clipboard 1 from "SynSERVER"
DEBUG: open clipboard 1
DEBUG: empty clipboard 1
DEBUG: grabbed clipboard 1
DEBUG: close clipboard 1
DEBUG: lost clipboard 1 ownership at time 809607
DEBUG: lost clipboard 1 ownership at 809607
INFO: screen "SynSERVER" grabbed clipboard 1 from "SynCLIENT"
DEBUG: send grab clipboard 1 to "SynCLIENT"
DEBUG: received client "SynCLIENT" grabbed clipboard 1 seqnum=7
INFO: screen "SynCLIENT" grabbed clipboard 1 from "SynSERVER"
DEBUG: open clipboard 1
DEBUG: empty clipboard 1
DEBUG: grabbed clipboard 1
DEBUG: close clipboard 1
DEBUG: lost clipboard 1 ownership at time 812691
DEBUG: lost clipboard 1 ownership at 812691
INFO: screen "SynSERVER" grabbed clipboard 1 from "SynCLIENT"
DEBUG: send grab clipboard 1 to "SynCLIENT"
NOTE: client "SynCLIENT" has disconnected
...

Once glipper is taken out on the server machine (note, killall glipper doesn't work on Lucid as it does on Natty - so on Lucid, I had to do ps axf | grep glipper, and then do kill 1234 on the process number), then copypasting works again - and here are some logs in that case:

client log (OK situation):

$ synergyc -f --debug DEBUG 192.168.1.XX
INFO: Synergy 1.4.11 Client on Linux 2.6.38-16-generic #67-Ubuntu SMP Thu Sep 6
....
NOTE: started client
NOTE: connecting to '192.168.1.XX': 192.168.1.XX:24800
DEBUG: open clipboard 0
DEBUG: empty clipboard 0
DEBUG: grabbed clipboard 0
DEBUG: close clipboard 0
DEBUG: open clipboard 1
DEBUG: empty clipboard 1
DEBUG: grabbed clipboard 1
DEBUG: close clipboard 1
NOTE: connected to server
DEBUG: lost clipboard 1 ownership at time 997135
DEBUG: lost clipboard 1 ownership at 997135
DEBUG: open clipboard 1
DEBUG: ICCCM fill clipboard 1
DEBUG:   available targets: TIMESTAMP (373), TARGETS (371), MULTIPLE (372), text/html (581), text/_moz_htmlcontext (588), text/_moz_htmlinfo (589), UTF8_STRING (315), COMPOUND_TEXT (510), TEXT (529), STRING (31), text/x-moz-url-priv (590)
DEBUG:   added format 2 for target text/html (581) (966 bytes)
DEBUG:   added format 0 for target UTF8_STRING (315) (433 bytes)
DEBUG: close clipboard 1
DEBUG: lost clipboard 0 ownership at time 998704
DEBUG: lost clipboard 0 ownership at 998704
DEBUG: open clipboard 0
DEBUG: ICCCM fill clipboard 0
DEBUG:   available targets: TIMESTAMP (373), TARGETS (371), MULTIPLE (372), SAVE_TARGETS (499), text/html (581), text/_moz_htmlcontext (588), text/_moz_htmlinfo (589), UTF8_STRING (315), COMPOUND_TEXT (510), TEXT (529), STRING (31), text/x-moz-url-priv (590)
DEBUG:   added format 2 for target text/html (581) (966 bytes)
DEBUG:   added format 0 for target UTF8_STRING (315) (433 bytes)
DEBUG: close clipboard 0
^CDEBUG: adopting new buffer
DEBUG: discarding 1 event(s)
DEBUG: closed display
NOTE: stopped client

server log (OK situation):

$ synergys -f --debug DEBUG -c /home/USERNAME/.quicksynergy/synergy.conf
INFO: Synergy 1.4.11 Server on Linux 2.6.32-44-generic #98-Ubuntu SMP Mon Sep 24
...
NOTE: accepted client connection
DEBUG: received client "SynCLIENT" info shape=0,0 1024x600 at 642,225
NOTE: client "SynCLIENT" has connected
DEBUG: received client "SynCLIENT" grabbed clipboard 1 seqnum=0
INFO: screen "SynCLIENT" grabbed clipboard 1 from "SynSERVER"
DEBUG: open clipboard 1
DEBUG: empty clipboard 1
DEBUG: grabbed clipboard 1
DEBUG: close clipboard 1
DEBUG: received client "SynCLIENT" clipboard 1 seqnum=0, size=935
INFO: screen "SynCLIENT" updated clipboard 1
DEBUG: open clipboard 1
DEBUG: empty clipboard 1
DEBUG: grabbed clipboard 1
DEBUG: add 433 bytes to clipboard 1 format: 0
DEBUG: add 482 bytes to clipboard 1 format: 2
DEBUG: close clipboard 1
DEBUG: received client "SynCLIENT" grabbed clipboard 0 seqnum=0
INFO: screen "SynCLIENT" grabbed clipboard 0 from "SynSERVER"
DEBUG: open clipboard 0
DEBUG: empty clipboard 0
DEBUG: grabbed clipboard 0
DEBUG: close clipboard 0
DEBUG: received client "SynCLIENT" clipboard 0 seqnum=0, size=935
INFO: screen "SynCLIENT" updated clipboard 0
DEBUG: open clipboard 0
DEBUG: empty clipboard 0
DEBUG: grabbed clipboard 0
DEBUG: add 433 bytes to clipboard 0 format: 0
DEBUG: add 482 bytes to clipboard 0 format: 2
DEBUG: close clipboard 0
NOTE: client "SynCLIENT" has disconnected

Note that the client reports "lost clipboard 1 ownership" both when copy/paste works and when it doesn't; the difference I can see between the working and non-working case, is that in the working case, the client shows messages like "ICCCM fill clipboard 1" and "available targets: TIMESTAMP (373),...".

Well, other than that, I can't really say I understand these logs too well - but I hope they may help someone :),
Cheers!


My camera is still dark after max brightness

If anyone having the same problem in Ubuntu 20.04 then he can use this trick that works for me.I have faced this problem when using Discord,Google Meet,Facebook video call.
I am using a software to change my camera settings named guvcview.
At first, sometimes my webcam becomes dark and I used to open guvcview and make some changes in webcam setting like toggle powerline frequencey option and set it  50hz/60hz/disable and then the webcam becomes normal.
Then one day i installed Discord and now the darker problem is happening every time I use my webcam like google meet , Facebook video chat etc.
I have searched a lot and tried every solutions but didn't work for me.
Then I did some experiments and find a weird solution :
Before using webcam in any software I toggle the powerline frequencey option and then open Facebook video call where the cam is not darker amd i is normal. Then I open Google meet and that's how it worked for me.
Though i couldn't find any permanent solution but it's working fine and you have to do it everytime you go for a google meet meeting.
I know my solution sounds weird but If you are facing this issue then have a try and if you find any better solution then please inform me.


Why is the Nginx development version installed on Ubuntu 12.04 and not the stable version?

I found a solution anyway, since I found nginx 1.19 segfaults with try files. I removed it and installed the stable version.

sudo apt-get autoremove nginx

Then:

nginx=stable
echo "deb ppa.launchpad.net/nginx$nginx/ubuntu lucid main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx-$nginx-lucid.list
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys C300EE8C
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx

Patch
Source


Search cinnamon in synaptic and unintsall all installed packages. Then installing cinnamon with requested packages would solve problems.


Downclock CPU reaching critical temperature

On this webpage there is a bash script that will attempt to keep your CPU below a specified temperature. http://seperohacker.blogspot.com/2012/10/linux-keep-your-cpu-cool-with-frequency.html

This script does this by reducing CPU frequency, and it works for my Intel i7 processor.

Shameless plug- I wrote and maintain the above script.


update to 16.10 doesn't work after restarting the computer

You have to change your settings for updating. Change "Only for new LTS" to "for every new version". Then update and try what happens.


Can't install or update Ubuntu after using parameter acpi_osi = Linux

To circumvent this I tried a lot of things, best thing in this situation was for me to use a live cd and reinstall but only formatting /boot partition - warning: you will lose some applications/programs and basic config, BACK UP YOUR CONFIG AND CREATE A LIST OF INSTALLED PROGRAMS FIRST as you will then be able to reinstall programs from the list the config for most of these programs will still be stored in root dir.

Do not format other partitions e.g home, root or swap as you will lose everything else [personal files etc]

Also make sure when doing the reinstallation of the /boot partition to allocate the other partitions accordingly (where your home partition is allocated as the /home partition / partition allocate as such : NOTE: You do NOT need to format /home /swap or /.

I recommend after formatting /boot to login as guest first as this will enable you to run updates and such first - if you log in to your account you may get lock-ups as there are no proper updates and drivers configured etc - Guest first, update and install, reboot and then user account for the rest. hopefully everything will be fine if you check all your partition tables.


Intel mobile 4 series drivers with "nomodeset"-parameter

Ok after tinkering a bit more and some digging here I found a solution:

It seems to be a problem with the LCD backlights. The built in intel graphic drivers are actually working, but it simply doesn't turn on the LCD backlight.

A solution can be found here: Intel GMA 4500M screen resolution problem

Instead of booting the system with nomodeset or i915.modeset=0. You have to boot it with: acpi_osi=Linux. This will allow the backlights to be turned on, but you have to do so manually via: sudo setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=00.

To automate it you have to edit /etc/rc.local and add the setpci command.
The same problem appears after your system comes back from sleep so you have to add the command to the scripts in /etc/pm/sleep.d/.

It did the job for me =)

I hope I can help someone with my research.

Kind regards,
Apoc


A dead lock cycle when using juju "sync-tools" command , any tips?

Never mind. You are clearly having problems before I was, and my answer won't help you.

Your bootstrap machine does not have access to the internet, right?
This is what worked for me.  I named my environment maas, and my bootstrap machine jujuBS.  I made a sub directory under my home called .juju to hold the tools and charms.  I copied what I needed locally and boot strapped and deployed juju-gui:

mkdir ~./.juju/sync-tools
juju sync-tools –e maas –destination=”~/.juju/sync-tools”
juju bootstrap –e maas –-upload-tools=true –-metadata-source=”.juju/sync-tools” -–to jujuBS.local
mkdir –p ~/.juju/charms/trusty
juju charm get juju-gui .juju/charms/trusty
juju deploy –repository=”~/.juju/charms” local:juju-gui


Show ubuntu boot as UEFI in boot selection HP Envy

That drove me crazy for THREE FULL DAYS of 18-20 hours apiece!

The solution turned out to be uber simple ... abandon the UEFI concept entirely. That's right, bulldoze that garbage overboard because HP tailored their rendition of it to only respond to Windows. (From reading between the lines on the HP (poor) support site and trying to avoid getting sucked into their "pay to play" scheme. $29.99 for a single question? Get real.)

In the bios, select "Secure Drive Defaults" and toggle every-setting-there. Then arrange the boot order, DISABLING the UEFI and PXE boot options. You aren't booting from a network and their implementation of UEFI doesn't play well with guys named Linux.

Be ruthless!

Save the bios and POWER DOWN. Don't just re-boot ... pull the plug on that beastie and give it a minute or two. HP seems to enjoy saving state when you would rather turn them off. From where I sit I can see a little green light that glows for a full minute even after unplugging the power from the transformer. (That stinks of a serious security issue, due to data remembrance in ram.)

You should be good to go after that ... I was. (YMMV)


Copy and Rename at the same time - No such file or directory

Since the -t form of cp only accepts a target directory, you will need to use the traditional SOURCE TARGET form e.g.

shuf -zn1 -e *.jpg | xargs -0 -I{} cp -v {} /home/myspace/image.jpg


Green bar at right side in full screen VLC

I had the same problem (green bar on the right) in addition to a purple bar on the left side of my screen.
Solution #1
Under System Settings > Displays, on the left, try changing your Resolution/Aspect Ratio until it looks right. For me switching from a 16:9 ratio to a 16:10 worked but I wasn't into the lower resolution so I explored a little more and found another solution.
Solution #2
I'm not sure what kind of monitor setup you have, but as you can see I have a 27" monitor alongside a 23". The "Scale window contents to match" option defaults to the biggest controls found, and changing it to the smaller controls (for me the 23" controls) also fixed the issue without me having to change the resolution.

Hope this helps


Edit on Apr 11th 2020

You may be interested in this script https://github.com/PRATAP-KUMAR/backgrounds_lock

If you want to lock the background picture

Warning: No Warranty on below Script Files.. Understand it first.. then Proceed on your Own..

Create a Script named lbg.sh short for "Lock Back Ground" with below content

#!/bin/bash

keys=/etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-bg
locks=/etc/dconf/db/local.d/locks/background

touch /etc/dconf/profile/user
echo "user-db:user" >> /etc/dconf/profile/user
echo "system-db:local" >> /etc/dconf/profile/user
mkdir -p /etc/dconf/db/local.d
touch $keys
echo "[org/gnome/desktop/background]" >> $keys
echo "picture-uri='file:///usr/share/backgrounds/Halifax_Sunset_by_Vlad_Drobinin.jpg'" >> $keys
echo "picture-options='zoom'" >> $keys
echo "primary-color='#456789'" >> $keys
echo "secondary-color='#FFFFFF'" >> $keys
mkdir -p /etc/dconf/db/local.d/locks
touch $locks
echo "/org/gnome/desktop/background/picture-uri" >> $locks
echo "/org/gnome/desktop/background/picture-options" >> $locks
echo "/org/gnome/desktop/background/primary-color" >> $locks
echo "/org/gnome/desktop/background/secondary-color" >> $locks
dconf update

Other Script named rbg.sh short for "Release Back Ground" with below content

#!/bin/bash

rm -r /etc/dconf/profile/user /etc/dconf/db/local.d
dconf update

to lock the desktop background run the script with sudo.
if you have saved the lbg.sh script in your home folder, then run

sudo /bin/bash /home/<user>/lbg.sh

This will lock the picture-uri value given in above script

Then logout and logback in

To make the things to normal run the second script rbg.sh for example

sudo /bin/bash /home/<user>/rbg.sh

Then logout and logback in

Source: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/desktop-background.html.en


IBM R61 Configured with Unity 16.04 & 2GB RAM

No. 2GB of RAM is all your 10-year-old should need unless he starts gaming or programming intensively.

Even games such as Minecraft should run perfectly fine on the C61's CPU/GPU.


how to install the golang package on a complete different folder and make it run?

Bad method

It is bad idea. I did extraction as you wrote and I have broken links and can't launch go:

$ cd /tmp/
$ apt-get download golang-go
$ dpkg -x golang-go_2%3a1.6-1ubuntu4_amd64.deb go
$ tree go -f | grep bin
    ├── go/usr/bin
    │   ├── go/usr/bin/go -> ../lib/go-1.6/bin/go
    │   └── go/usr/bin/gofmt -> ../lib/go-1.6/bin/gofmt
$ ./go/usr/bin/go
bash: ./go/usr/bin/go: No such file or directory

You can try other bigger package -

$ apt-get download golang-1.6-go
$ dpkg -x golang-1.6-go_1.6.2-0ubuntu5~16.04.4_amd64.deb go
$ tree go -f | grep bin    ├── go/usr/bin
    │   ├── go/usr/bin/go -> ../lib/go-1.6/bin/go
    │   └── go/usr/bin/gofmt -> ../lib/go-1.6/bin/gofmt
    │       ├── go/usr/lib/go-1.6/bin
    │       │   ├── go/usr/lib/go-1.6/bin/go
    │       │   └── go/usr/lib/go-1.6/bin/gofmt
    │       │   │   │   ├── go/usr/lib/go-1.6/pkg/linux_amd64/encoding/binary.a
$ go/usr/bin/go version
go version go1.6.2 linux/amd64

It is better, but what if go would not find some libraries?

Really for working golang installation you need more packages - see simulation below:

$ apt-get install golang --simulate
NOTE: This is only a simulation!
      apt-get needs root privileges for real execution.
      Keep also in mind that locking is deactivated,
      so don't depend on the relevance to the real current situation!
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  golang-1.6 golang-1.6-doc golang-1.6-go golang-1.6-race-detector-runtime golang-1.6-src golang-doc golang-go golang-race-detector-runtime
  golang-src
Suggested packages:
  bzr git mercurial subversion
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  golang golang-1.6 golang-1.6-doc golang-1.6-go golang-1.6-race-detector-runtime golang-1.6-src golang-doc golang-go golang-race-detector-runtime
  golang-src
0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 12 not upgraded.

Good methods

Really you have the following options:

Сreate debootstrap or schroot or Docker container/directory or something similar to isolate Go environment.
Install go with Snap:

snap install go16-lbo

and test it with

snap run go16-lbo help

Install go1.10 with ubuntu-make:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-desktop/ubuntu-make
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-make
umake go


Use Synology as NUT server for Ubuntu Server 20.04

Figured this out finally. Very simple answer and oversight on my part. In step, three I forgot the "1" after my ups IP.

Corrected step:

Added to /etc/nut/upsmon.conf MONITOR ups@192.168.0.102 1 UPSUSER MYPASS slave


Getting Error When Uninstalling Google Chrome

Based on the error and the mention of post-installation script, I would say that even the installation didn't complete successfully. You'll have to run sudo dpkg --purge --force-all google-chrome-stable to remove it.

Edit: Run gksudo gedit /var/lib/dpkg/info/google-chrome-stable.postinst, and add a # in front of any lines that call xdg-icon-resource. Save it, and try removing the package again.


Edit /etc/fstab (as root) -- remove the line that refers to /usr/local.


After upgrading to 20.04, my PHP+MySQL website stopped working

PHP is installed and MySQL is installed, but there is a missing link - the module that connects the two.  It can be installed by:
sudo apt install php5.6-mysql

(5.6 should be replaced by the version pf php you have installed).
Then, do not forget to restart the apache server:
sudo service apache2 restart

Now, the list of ini files in phpinfo is updated and contains mysql:

/etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/10-mysqlnd.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/10-opcache.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/10-pdo.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-calendar.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-ctype.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-exif.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-fileinfo.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-ftp.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-gettext.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-iconv.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-json.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-mysql.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-mysqli.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-pdo_mysql.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-phar.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-posix.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-readline.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-shmop.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-sockets.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-sysvmsg.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-sysvsem.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-sysvshm.ini, /etc/php/5.6/apache2/conf.d/20-tokenizer.ini


You could use gimp as an alternative:

sudo apt install snap
sudo snap install gimp --stable

But you could also install Photoshop using wine and PlayOnLinux.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install playonlinux