How to increase swap partition when installing Ubuntu 20.04?

The default installation is what it is: the default installation. It assumes defaults for everything, including the size of your swap. It is important to note that the default install does not anymore create a swap partition. Swap is now implemented as a file.
It is quite easy to change the size of a swap file, which is what a default install implements, after install. So go for a default install and then change swap if that is the only aspect you want to customize.
For control, there is the "Something else" option. There you are in control about everything, including the configuration of swap.


How to install libltdl3 to make iscan work?

I guess you've downloaded the wrong version of iscan. There are two versions available on the Epson website, one for ltdl3 en one for ltdl7. For Ubuntu 8.10 or newer you have to use the ltdl7 version.


XFCE 4.10 panel auto hide feature stops working on occasions

I realize that this won't give you a permanent fix for your issue. But, this is a workaround that I have found useful and will keep you from having to reboot constantly.

Since upgrading to Xfce 4.10, I have had an issue with window decorations not always being visible upon log in. I have used the following command to fix it:

You can reset your Xfce desktop, without restarting, using the command xfwm4 --replace.

Or, you can try this to just reset the panels:

Resetting the panels can be done with xfce4-panel -r.

Finally, there is an open bug with the auto-hide feature in Xfce 4.10, although it has only been confirmed in Ubuntu 12.10.

Update 2017-02-07: This appears to have been fixed in Ubuntu 15.10.


Google Chrome crashes now after upgrade from 16.04 to 16.10

Maybe the problem is in Chrome 54 and not Ubuntu. (16.10 was released at October 20th and Chrome 64 October 21st) I found the previous release here http://www.slimjet.com/chrome/google-chrome-old-version.php, installed it; translate seems to work again, I'll see if it crashes.


Why do I have kernel 3.8.0-32 in Ubuntu 12.04 instead of 3.2.0-55?

12.04.3 fresh updated iso ships with 3.8 kernel,but you can easily revert it back to 3.2

Just remove linux-image-generic and linux-headers-generic packages and install same one,but this time for 3.2 kernel version


Make sure that you have a good backup of your important Ubuntu files, as this procedure can corrupt or lose data.

Keep these things in mind:

always start the entire procedure with issuing a swapoff on any mounted swap partitions, and end the entire procedure with issuing a swapon on that same swap partition
a move is done by pointing the mouse pointer at the center of a partition and dragging it left/right with the hand cursor
a resize is done by dragging the left/right side of a partition to the left/right with the directional arrow cursor
if any partition can't be moved/resized graphically, you may have to manually enter the specific required numeric data (don't do this unless I instruct you to)
you begin any move/resize by right-clicking on the partition in the lower pane of the main window, and selecting the desired action from the popup menu, then finishing that action in the new move/resize window

Do the following...

Note: this is why it's not a good idea to multi-partition a small HDD/SSD

Note: if the procedure doesn't work exactly as I outline, STOP immediately and DO NOT continue.

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted
move /dev/sdb2 partition all the way left
resize the right side of /dev/sdb2 all the way right*

however, that'll make /dev/sdb2 ~120G, and that's really too big for /
resize /dev/sdb2 such that it's about 30-50G, and leave the rest for /dev/sdb4 (/home), which can be resized later

click the Apply icon


How to add programs to the Unity Launcher or Ubuntu Dock?

To add applications to the Dash (then you press the windows key), Go to ~/.local/share/applications and create your .desktop files there.

For example:

Open Nautilus (also called Files (the file manager))
Browse to ~/.local/share/applications (ctrl + h to show hidden folders/files)
Right click and choose create empty document
Name the file testing.desktop
Enter in a valid desktop contents (sample below)
Save it and now that entry will show when you press the windows key under applications.

A much easier way...

sudo apt-get install alacarte

Then run alacarte and create menu entries as you like. They will show in the unity launcher.

Sample desktop file (from sublime text 2)

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Sublime Text 2
# Only KDE 4 seems to use GenericName, so we reuse the KDE strings.
# From Ubuntu's language-pack-kde-XX-base packages, version 9.04-20090413.
GenericName=Text Editor
Exec=subl
Terminal=false
Icon="/opt/Sublime Text 2/Icon/48x48/sublime_text.png"
Type=Application
Categories=TextEditor;IDE;Development
X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=NewWindow
Icon[en_US]=/opt/Sublime Text 2/Icon/128x128/sublime_text.png

[NewWindow Shortcut Group]
Name=New Window
Exec=subl -n
TargetEnvironment=Unity


Ubuntu 16 installation on a PC with UEFI Windows 10

I think I solved the problem: on the GRUB screen after selecting the live boot option (same thing works with the installation option), press 'e' in order to insert the GRUB option.

On the next screen, you need to change the GFXMODE option from keep to text.

Then press F10.
After this change, the ubuntu installation starts normally.

Here's more information: https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/html_node/gfxpayload.html


Ubuntu 18.10 Crashes out within seconds of logging in from time to time

I would uninstall vlc and see if that fixes it ... typically vlc is stable however I find that applications installed using the new snap approach tend to be unstable ... lets see if vlc was installed using snap ... issue this in a terminal ( ctrl+alt+t )

sudo snap list
sudo snap list | grep vlc

if you see vlc appear in output of above then lets uninstall it using

sudo snap remove vlc

it may not be called simply vlc so use what its called from above snap list output

If problem goes away after uninstalling vlc as per above, and you need vlc (who doesn't ?) then install vlc the normal way using

sudo apt-get install vlc


/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgfortran (matlab)

Possible solution:

Link libgfortran.so.3 to libgfortran.so

ln -s libgfortran.so.3 libgfortran.so

Rebuild ld cache

sudo ldconfig

Reinstall the lib

Check out https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16710047/usr-bin-ld-cannot-find-lnameofthelibrary for more info.


The answer depends on the situation.

If your installed .deb file has repository enabled or get enabled while installing, installed .deb packages will be updated. But, if your installed .deb file has no online repository, from which it can get updates, that package won't be updated. The reason is clear, the package manager doesn't know anyway to update the package, because it doesn't know any online repository providing this same package.

If you have synaptic package manager installed, You can see those packages who do not have any repository enabled, or installed with .deb files without enabling a repository. Open synaptic package manager, Click status section and see under Installed (local or obsolete) section.

Google-chrome and dropbox enable a repository while installing from .deb files, so you will get update for these packages.

Note: The same rule is true for packages which you installed via apt-get but later disabled the repository and no other repository provide those packages. In that case, you won't receive updates for these too.


Install sudo apt-get install libasound2-plugins:i386 first and
foremost. This fixes the sound
Shift to win32 by using export WINEARCH=win32. Some of the dlls can only be installed in 32bit.
Then uninstall the winetricks you have installed from the package manager and use the latest version from github as posted here. This also prevents some problems
Despite all of this indeo codec installation will throw up a registry error. Ignore it
Now the pre-game menu will run and the sound will work. However, the problem still exists with the resolution. The game runs cropped and the mouse can not go out of the game window. Therefore, I decided to run the game in windowed mode wine explorer /desktop=800x600 program_name. While this is not a perfect solution, it is good enough for me.


The problem is with ubuntu 13.10's gtk libraries. The global menu that ubuntu has, GTk is not able to use it for its menu options.
Hence, as @bogdan said, either use the command

UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= ./smartgit.sh

or open up the smartgit.sh / smartgithg.sh in your favorite text editor and add the line below right after the comments in the file,

UBUNTU_MENUPROXY=0

i.e. it should look like

#!/bin/bash
#
# Normally, editing this script should not be required.
#
# To specify an alternative Java Runtime Environment, set the environment variable SMARTGITHG_JAVA_HOME

UBUNTU_MENUPROXY=0

if [ ......


Same TTY problem with 4.15.0-44-generic on my Ubuntu Mate 18.04

I just updated to  4.15.0-45-generic, but it still doesn't fix the problem.

Only workaround that I found is to switch back to old kernel 4.15.0-43-generic.

I put on hold and removed the new kernels:

sudo apt-mark hold linux-*-4.15.0-4[45]-generic
sudo apt remove linux-*-4.15.0-4[45]-generic

NB: Of course, old kernel linux-*-4.15.0-43-generic has to be present ;)
If not, then install with:

sudo apt install linux-{image,headers}-4.15.0-43-generic

Then the system boots fine on 4.15.0-43 and tty login works, but then I had problems with my second monitor (but this, I guess, it's totally another problem).

UPDATE: I fixed the second monitor problem, in fact it was a video acceleration problem, related to missing kernel modules with the previous 4.15.0-43 kernel.
The command "inxi -G" helped, me showing that my videocard was using 'fbdev' driver (framebuffer, no gpu acceleration) and not the accelerated 'modesetting' driver.

example1 (kernel modules installed):

Graphics:  Device-1: Intel 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics driver: i915 v: kernel
Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.19.6 driver: modesetting unloaded: fbdev,vesa resolution: 1920x1080~60Hz
OpenGL: renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Ivybridge Mobile v: 4.2 Mesa 18.2.2

example2 (kernel modules NOT installed):

Graphics:  Device-1: Intel 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics driver: i915 v: kernel
Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.19.6 driver: fbdev unloaded: modesetting,vesa resolution: 1920x1080~60Hz
OpenGL: renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Ivybridge Mobile v: 4.2 Mesa 18.2.2

So the correct syntax for the command above is:

sudo apt install linux-{image,headers,modules,modules-extra}-4.15.0-43-generic


error while booting: end kernel panic not syncing vfs unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0 0)

I tried changing entire SSD, used a different SSD, same problem :(

Finally, I tried another SATA port (got my SSD into a HDD-Caddy) (3Gbps port)
Now it's working fine.

Probable issue was BIOS compatibility or speed. The default port for hard drive is 6Gbps, so that might be issue, maybe.


Cannot get Ubuntu to recognize Windows 7

installing windows first and Ubuntu second is the correct order, if you install windows later it will remove the grub menu. I do not know why it does not recognize your windows installation, but you could try to reinstall grub with boot-repair on a live cd or usb after you install Ubuntu.


How can I change (remove) a Seahorse password

open sea horse:

  Right-click on the "login" keyring

  Select "Change password"

  Enter your old password

and leave it blank if you want or change it to something else


Postfix is unable to send email to gmail

Did you review https://support.google.com/mail/?p=IPv6AuthError like the SMTP response suggested?

TL;DR: GMail expects certain entries in the e-mail header and the DNS record that verify the legitimacy of the sender to avoid spam. This applies to both IPv4 and IPv6 senders though the specific expectations may vary.

How to put these entries in place is too broad and largely unrelated to Ubuntu and therefore off topic on AskUbuntu. Please refer to our sister site Server Fault for such questions.


crontab with espeak doesn't work when sound card is busy with google hangouts

Try something like this:

* * * * * export DISPLAY=:0 ; espeak "hello" > /path/to/my/error.log 2>&1

espeak seems to need the X server.


How to resolve display errors Toshiba L875?

I presume you already checked if the card works with windows?

If you are really unable to use the proprietary driver, you could try the new open source driver in Linux 3.11. The easiest way would probably be to just install the Ubuntu 13.10 daily image, which includes this kernel.


What is a good way to archive webpages in a form that that is "future proof" against browser software updates?

Click the Pocket Button at the end of the Firefox address bar to save any article, video or page from Firefox. Then you can view the saved pages from any of your devices that have Firefox installed. The Pocket listen feature lets you listen to your articles.

If you want to archive the current state of a webpage you can save it at Internet Archive Wayback Machine. There isn't any requirement to sign up for the Wayback Machine website in order to save webpages.


The interrupt refers to the interrupt number used by the network adapter. See the breakdown of ifconfig for more details.

Interrupt numbers are assigned to hardware devices by the kernel. They are used to multiplex the few interrupt channels that the CPU has between many hardware devices. You can see all interrupt numbers being used by executing cat /proc/interrupts/


How to logout from public key authentication - ssh

If from command line you can see your identity with

ssh-add -l

then you can remove it (i.e. make the agent to forget it), with

ssh-add -D


Collision hazard? /var/log populated by repair tool, but actual /var located on separate partition

So, you used to have an empty /var on your root filesystem, which was used as a mountpoint for the "real /var" which was located on a different filesystem? And when you booted from an ISO, it somehow managed to create a bunch of subdirectories in your "root" /var so now you're worried that, after a reboot, the system won't be able to mount your "real /var" because the mountpoint has some files and directories in it?

I don't think you should be concerned, the mount process works just fine in this case. The files located inside your mountpoint become inaccessible (until you unmount the partition), and the whole contents of the mountpoint is "replaced" by the contents of the mounted partition.

The only negative side-effect I can think of is that some disk space will be wasted by the logs you don't need, but, then again, I think it would be quite safe to delete them.


Error message 'source: not found' when running a script

/bin/sh is not bash. To execute your script with bash, write #!/bin/bash as the first line in your script.

The error source: not found is not dropped, because /etc/profile is not found. It's dropped, because source is not found. source is a Bash built-in function, and you don't execute the script with bash. So it's clear why it is not found. Change the #! line in the script, and it will work.


Lamp package lamp-server^, auto enter mysql pw?

You can preset the password:

sudo debconf-set-selections <<< 'mysql-server mysql-server/root_password password your_password'
sudo debconf-set-selections <<< 'mysql-server mysql-server/root_password_again password your_password'
sudo apt-get -y install lamp-server^

This is adapted from a SO Question which has a few variants on this idea.


Shared folders in Ubuntu 20.04 Guest in Windows 10 Host Virtualbox not working

From the comments...

In the Ubuntu VM...

add the user to the vboxsf group
log the user out, then back in, or reboot the VM
open Nautilus (Files) and look for sf_SharedFolder in the left pane
click on sf_SharedFolder to see the enclosed files


Is there way to install two instances of the same application?

Two roads to look at here, neither seamless but both functional.

For multiple configs, what you can do for traditional binaries is to create a new user. When you want to run a second config of a given program, execute it from terminal as that user. Do an su <user> in a terminal and then launch the program from there. All the config files for that program will be grabbed from that user's home directory.

For different versions or modified parallel binaries, things get a bit messier.
If you want a specific version for legacy purposes, that isn't too hard. Just install the version you specifically want as discussed here and then copy the folder in /lib or /usr/lib to a new one in the same parent directory under a different name. Now, you can safely update the original app and still launch the legacy version by launching it's executable under the directory you cloned.

It doesn't make too much sense to have two different versions, both updating with one behind by some amount, but unfortunately that behavior isn't officially supported as of yet on Ubuntu (though who knows what new features will come with snaps/flatpaks and the like.)


Impossible to see files in Trash via Nautilus

If you have files in the Trash, you could find it in ~/.local/share/Trash/files/. Just copy the files in your desired location.

For your other issue of showing the Trash icon on Desktop. See this answer.

Hope this would be helpful.


Individual attachments in mail merge from thunderbird

To section is not supporting {{Email}}
Use {{Email}}<> instead of {{Email}}.
It works.


Is it possible to force a logitech device to switch to a different reciver? Like logitech flow on win/mac

You might look into Synergy. It allows controlling multiple computers using only one keyboard/mouse. See https://symless.com/ for more details.


Bumblebee on Ubuntu 16.04LTS with HWE stack

Changing server to 'Main server' from software sources settings fixed the issue.


Because kvm builds on top of QEMU, it's just a hw acceleration.

With this you can see that the actual process running your VM is a kvm process.

ps xa| grep "[b]in/kvm"


Short answer
Unfortunately, there is no option in gsettings, nor anywhere else, nor a cli option to do what you want.
That is, without breaking into the code of course.


How do I  show the Applications Lens By Default?

Use the keyboard shortcut
I don't think there's a way to change the order of the Dash lenses without having to modify the source, but the easiest solution is to just use the keyboard shortcut: Super+A to directly open the Application lens.

Note: Super key =  Win key

Customizing the keyboard shortcut
Open the application.lens file with:
gksudo gedit /usr/share/unity/lenses/applications/applications.lens

and on line 8, look for Shortcut=a.
You can change the a to any other letter to get a shortcut of Super+(letter).

What are Unity's keyboard and mouse shortcuts?


pavucontrol stuck at "Establishing connection to PulseAudio. Please wait..."

This solve the same problem with my:

pulseaudio --check
pulseaudio -D

Taken from:
[Solved] Establishing connection to PulseAudio. Please wait ...
https://classicforum.manjaro.org/index.php?topic=27044.0


You need to install libmount, which can be done via apt package manager

sudo apt install libmount-dev


Why is my Ubuntu terminal becoming fully transparent?

Open terminal. Please make note that terminal wnindows should  be active.
Go to Unity Panel , choose edit > Preferences > Backgrounds.

Move selector from none to Maximum.


Ok, atlast i fixed it, i went into recovery mode and selected root shell, first i ran e2fsck -p /dev/sda1 which gave an error thqt said I should fsck manually without -p or -a flags and i did. It worked. And everything is fine now, but i rlly dont understand how a steam upd can mess up my filesystem...


Dell Inspiron laptop 17 7000 - brightness function keys Fn-F11 and Fn-F12 not working

This solution worked for me:

Taken from:

Brightness fn key shortcut doesn't work on ASUS laptop

and

13.10 Can't Adjust Dell Laptop Backlight

...but not the same.

1. Create file: /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

Open terminal and type these commands:

sudo touch /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf

Add the following lines to this file:

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "card0"
    Driver      "intel"
    Option      "Backlight"  "intel_backlight"
    BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection

Save the file and close nano.

2. Update Grub settings

In a terminal and type these commands:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

find the line starting with:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT

and add the option "acpi_backlight=vendor" (without the quotes).

E.g.: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"

Save the file and exit nano.

In a in terminal:

sudo update-grub

Restart your laptop and it will work probably...


Building package from binary files - what's wrong with my control file

I suggest building the debs from a source package, that way you get to use all the Debian tooling to help you create sane packages. Trying to pack everything into a deb by hand is prone to errors.

A third option is to create a source package that takes your pre-build binaries, and just uses dh_install to copy them to the right place, during the build. That way, you get the benefit of the Debian build process, without having to figure out how to build your source from debian/rules.


Kubuntu, Cryptsetup Failed after initial install. Password is correct

What I did to work around this issue was during installation, use short and easy password like 'test' without quotes. Then you should be able to boot in. Once in open terminal and run command: sudo cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sda3
Then enter a password you wish to encryption volume with (like the one you initially tried during installation.) Then run command: sudo luksRemoveKey /dev/sda3
Then enter short password you entered during install, this will remove that key slot.

Remember to replace /dev/sda3 with the path of the encrypted drive. You can find that out by running: sudo fdisk -l

Then reboot.

Now you can test it by enter password you removed, should be invalid. Enter the one you added and should work no problem. Seems to be an issue with certain length or password requirements not accepted during install.


Usually one gets to the boot menu by pressing a function key when the system boots.  Try F8, F12, F1, <Delete>, <Insert>, etc.  It's different on every system.  You'll know you have the correct menu when it asks you if you want to boot to the hard drive, the DVD-ROM, or USB (assuming you have a bootable USB thumb drive plugged in).  Put your Windows DVD in the drive first of course.  Good luck!


Add raid to existing Ubuntu desktop install

You can create a raid5 array with the additional disks using the "mdadm" package.
Check How To Create Raid Arrays with mdadm


Wherever is says pixelsize=12, change the 12 to whatever font size you want.

To change the color for the second cpu usage number, append ${color white}  to the line
${cpu cpu2}% ${color #00ff00} ${alignr}${cpubar cpu2 3,170}:

${color white}${cpu cpu2}% ${color #00ff00} ${alignr}${cpubar cpu2 3,170}


Alvin Lang gave the reason why the second grep doesn't output anything quickly. That said, if you just want the second match, you can tell grep to quit after the second match (-m2) and take the last line:

$ iostat -d /dev/vda -t 1 | grep -n vda -m2 | awk 'END {print $2}'
19.00

Or even do the entire thing (matching and counting) in awk:

iostat -d /dev/vda -t 1 | awk '/vda/ && ++count == 2 {print $2; exit}'

(The find command  worked better likely because it filled grep's buffers far faster than iostat could. The sheer volume of output from find is not something iostat can hope to match.)


If you can reach other machines on the same network, then you can use them as a stepping stone to reach this one too.  Put the following in your ~/.ssh/config:

Host <yourmachine>
ProxyCommand ssh -q -a -x <othermachineonthatnetwork> nc %h %p

If the machine doesn't have a hostname, you can put its IP address instead of %h in the netcat invocation.  Oh, I should mention that othermachineonthatnetwork should have netcat-openbsd installed.

Then I would try to debug the connection from both ends: run tcpdump or wireshark to capture the network traffic on the remote machine while you're trying to ssh directly to its IP address, see if any packets make it through.  Try to check firewall configuration.  Try services other than SSH.


VGA controller showing integrated graphics card not nvidia card

nvidia is known for being buggy with linix. you need the proprietary drivers.
the most common nvidia drivers are available in the restricted/non-free repo.
istalling the drivers should fix all the nvidia issues.


What do the paranthesis and $ sign mean in echo $(ls)

This is command substitution for bash.

  Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace the
  command itself. Command substitution occurs when a command is enclosed
  as follows:

 $(command) or

 `command`

http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html#Command-Substitution

More:

http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/commandsub.html

http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/expansion/cmdsubst

And a good example similar to your question:

http://bashshell.net/shell-scripts/using-command-substitution-in-a-bash-shell-script/


12.10 visual performance using nvidia driver

On my system (13.04) the problem was with the compiz refresh rate, it is automatically set to 50hz, this is not enough, after changing it to 120hz and disabling the auto detection the interface is smooth.
You can change the refresh rate in the compizconfig settings manager.
The bad thing is that the refresh rate is always set to 50hz after a restart of the system.
Seems to be this bug: Incorrect (low/stuttering) refresh rate with NVIDIA driver


Ubuntu 14.04 (cinnamon desktop) freezing, typically when using terminal

Apparently there is some problem with unity and cinnamon sharing but modifying libraries and messing each other up. If you have the patience necessary I recommend uninstalling both by running sudo apt-get clean and apt-get autoremove, then rebooting into a text console and installing just cinnamon.


Ubuntu (GNOME) 14.04 just updated, and now cannot login to X server

disabling UEFI Secure Boot seems to solve that, it was probably had to do with 3rd party graphic drivers not loading while secure boot was on.

I used the update-secureboot-policy command and followed the instructions to disable it.


Lenovo G500 how do I turn off secure boot to install Ubuntu 14.04?

From Lenovo community: G500 Secure Boot Status Disabled cant change

  Open the bios menu. If your secure boot is enabled, then in the
  security tab you will get two more options to "Reset to setup mode"
  and "Restore Factory Keys". just hit enter on those two options.

  then exit saving changes and enjoy.


What OS is on the machine you are trying to check the md5sum with ?

If it is a windows machine then try https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM#MD5SUM_on_Windows

If a linux machine - navigate to where the iso is and

md5sum "iso.name"

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM#MD5SUM_on_Linux

You can find the md5sum hash here - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuHashes


Where is the directory for your web contents  using LAMP?

I think you can find that and more in the directory /etc/apache2/sites-available/, usually in the file default unless it's been renamed somewhere or you have more than one site.

This file should have an entry something like

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot /var/www
    ...

In the above case, the DocumentRoot corresponds to the the web root directory.

In this file, you can create any number of virtual hosts for various sites you might want to define.


As demonstrated by this script you can turn off laptop screen:

Turn off all monitors while watching VLC media on TV

To discover the power setting for your laptop display use:

$ ls /sys/class/backlight/*/bl_power

/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/bl_power

On my laptop the driver name is intel_backlight

Move your terminal window to your external screen and turn off your laptop display with:

echo 4 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/bl_power

or a shorter version without specifying the name should work for all laptops:

echo 4 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/*/bl_power

To turn the screen back on:

echo 0 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/*/bl_power

You can also get a list of your monitors for xrandr software control:

$ xrandr | grep " connected"
HDMI-0 connected 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 1107mm x 623mm
eDP-1-1 connected primary 1920x1080+3840+2160 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 382mm x 215mm
DP-1-1 connected 3840x2160+1920+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 1600mm x 900mm

xrandr allows you to turn off a screen but then all windows will move to the screen that is left turned on which is what you don't want.


Based on Ubuntu mirrors status, at this exact moment only one mirror from Ukraine  is up to date (mirror.volia.net) and others are some hours or days behind.

So when you use http://ua.archive.ubuntu.com it will automatically picks the most up to date one which currently is not working correctly.

You have to inform the people behind mirror.volia.net (Volia Broadband) that their mirror is not working correctly or wait for them to find about and fix the issue.

You can also change your mirrors to some other mirrors from Ukraine which are almost up to date (Two hours behind at this moment):

http://ubuntu.mirrors.omnilance.com/ubuntu/


Suspend hook not working in Xubuntu 15.04

xfce4-session will use systemd-sleep on a systemd system (not pm-suspend). systemd-sleep hooks should be put in /lib/systemd/system-sleep using the following template:

#!/bin/sh
case $1/$2 in
  pre/*)
    echo "Going to $2..."
    ;;
  post/*)
    echo "Waking up from $2..."
    ;;
esac

  ...and made executable. One other caveat with systemd is that the
  scripts in this directory are run concurrently, not sequentially based
  on name (as is the case with pm-utils).


how to configure atom for running Cpp programs?

Open Settings, that is Edit -> Preferences
Click Install button
Under Install packages there is input field. Type gcc compiler there and click Packages

Also, run the next in terminal:

sudo apt install gcc g++ xterm


Ubuntu 16.04 and Katoolin removing failed

based on this solution i fix it.
The solution below has fixed my problem:

gksu gedit /etc/*release

Change the file like this (this is for 15.10 but you can change accordingly)

DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=Xenial Xerus
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04"

save and close the file.

gksu gedit /etc/*issue

sudo apt-get install --reinstall software-center


Can you run Ubuntu Server from a Desktop computer?

Yes. Ubuntu server will run fine on a desktop computer.

RAM and CPU power as well as HDD size will depend on what you actually want to run on the server. But Ubuntu server editions works perfectly on a desktop computer.


You can undo it by running usermod -e again, this time passing an empty string in place of the EXPIRE_DATE string ex.

sudo usermod -e '' user

From man usermod:

   -e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE
       The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is
       specified in the format YYYY-MM-DD.

       An empty EXPIRE_DATE argument will disable the expiration of the
       account.


To expand your Ubuntu partition you will need to boot from a USB or CD, unmount the HDD ubuntu partition and resize it using gparted.  Create the USB, boot from it, open a terminal and load gparted

sudo apt-get install gparted

Then you can resize the ubuntu partition of the HDD.

I'm updating this slightly - The new space that you intend to use must be contiguous with the partition that you intend to expand


I found a simple workaround for this problem.

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" | sudo tee /etc/resolv.conf

This command solves problem when it appears but I still doesn't know what causes it.


How can I get information about a folder?

It depends on what information you want exactly, but it also depends on the file system and how the file system is mounted (noatime).

Probably the best command to start with is stat

stat /home/bodhi/
File: `/home/bodhi/'
Size: 12288           Blocks: 24         IO Block: 4096   directory
Device: 12h/18d Inode: 17          Links: 31
Access: (0700/drwx------)  Uid: ( 1000/   bodhi)   Gid: ( 1000/   bodhi)
Access: 2011-12-21 10:08:22.411914000 -0700
Modify: 2011-12-21 10:03:52.748580667 -0700
Change: 2011-12-21 10:03:52.748580667 -0700

Some references for you :

http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/display-file-or-file-system-status.html

At the bottom of that page are a series of pages

http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/understanding-unixlinux-file-system-part-i.html

The information is broken into several (7) short tutorials.

In a nut shell, by default, Ubuntu is going to trace when a file is accessed, modified, and changed but not when it was created. You can modify this behavior

From there the discussion become increasingly technical =)


Cannot connect to internet using D-link mobile broadband modem for BSNL network

1)first eject the windows driver CD of your modem from "terminal" or from "DISKS" (default,not automatic), then you can connect modem through network manager.

2)or use the software or .deb file provided with the modem (automatic, not default, not through network manager(nw) & you cannot use software center).

I advice to use the first one as it provides extra options like SMS, USSD, contacts, info, scan for networks through modem manager gui .

you can add your device id to usb mode switch for automatic eject as soon as you plugin your modem click here to add your device to usb mode switch

Hope this will help U

it is not real CD, just a popup memmory within the modem..

problem is that ubuntu defaultly allows you to use the nw not the .deb file provided by the manufacturer(so your driver CD is not allowed mounted on unity defaultly), for they use usb mode switch to eject the unmounted CD, which does not have id of your modem which is newer one to market click here to add your device to usb mode switch.

using default method is benefit only to users but newer modem gets unidentified and they have to manually add their device id to usb mode switch.

ubuntu 14.04 have updated list & it will automatically eject & you will your see your connection at nw.

Hope this helps U & please leave a comment


Installing Ubuntu on secondary hard drive - without dual boot

Ubuntu on Second Hard Drive or SD Card
Most laptops have a SD card slot. SD cards are getting fast, cheap and large. You can quickly do a Full install of Ubuntu to an SD card.
If you install to the SD card in the same BIOS or UEFI mode Windows is installed in, you only need to run sudo update-grub to add Windows to the SD cards boot menu.
Once everything is working well, you have the option to clone the SD card to an SSD without loosing any data, and you know it will work and be safe.
For a quick and easy way to fully install Ubuntu to an SD card using an Ubuntu image See:
Install Ubuntu on a micro SD card class 10 512GB


Is something eating up my home partition?

Running iotop -o shows spotify writing at a constant 6.53mb/s.  Something is causing spotify to raise the errors and write to the .xsession-errors log file.

Error has been reported to spotify here:
http://getsatisfaction.com/spotify/topics/spotify_is_writing_an_obscene_amount_of_information_to_error_file


Is Ubuntu Server OS 12.04.2 fully compatible and supported by Bulldozer based AMD Opteron 3280?

In most cases hardware incompatibilities are rare, and tend to often be with specific hardware components. Chances are your server would work, even if its not in the certified hardware list - the list simply means that someone tested to make sure everything does work, and probably ship with an installed, configured version of the OS, with all the necessary drivers.

It very likely will not crash.I've seen other reports that it works fine. Haven't seen any mentions of kernel panics or system instability. Ubuntu gets installed on a wide array of hardware and usually works, so this should be a non issue

On the other hand apparently there's sometimes a problem with the built in graphics adaptor and the default settings - especially if you need fglrx. The link recommends installing ssh during the initial install (something you should do anyway) in case this happens. Should the system boot with no video output, it may be necessary to use ssh or a rescue console to fix the drivers.
 It may be neccessary to backup /etc/X11/xorg.conf, and purge, and reboot and reinstall fglrx and fglrx-amdcccle, then rebuild a new xorg file with sudo aticonfig --initial. I'd note this probably wouldn't be an issue with a server setup that dosen't use any X related functions.


12.04 Install Confusion - Live CD Boots fine, installed system needs acpi=off to boot

open up terminal

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub
In the grub file, change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi=off Save exit
sudo update-grub reboot and viola !


Just Installed a CLI system then ubuntu-desktop, does not boot automatically

Hm.  From those screenshots it looks like the display manager (LightDM) thinks it's starting but is not switching VT properly (or possibly not starting properly at all).  It's not clear whether you've tried Ctrl+Alt+F7 to switch to the VT that lightdm will be starting on.

The logs in /var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log might be helpful in working out what's happening.  Note: these may contain some identifying information, like your local username.

It's possible that either installing plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo or adding vt.handoff=7 to your grub kernel boot commandline would fix this.

Either way, this looks like you might have hit a bug.


20.04: Why can't you turn on top-bar menus in Terminal in Preferences?

I don't know WHY it's impossible to turn them on from Preferences (I hate that too!), however it is possible to turn them on permanently via dconf-editor (you need to install it first). From top level, go to org/gnome/terminal/legacy and set "headerbar" to false.
(BTW. After you set "headerbar" to false, the option to turn on/off menu bar does appear in Preferences)


ubuntu 12.04 to 14.04 nvidia driver conflict

I had a similar problem. I Updated my desktop pc from Ubuntu12.04 to Ubuntu 14.04 2 days ago. As soon as finished the upgrade and reboot, my screen "dies". I recived a message system failure can't recognize video card and monitor.
Working around I note I have a GForce 7025/nForce 630a integrated NVidia card.

Solution: Reboot, and select recovery mode from boot menu. Then graphics safe mode and go to system updates and install the driver.

Hope it helps other begginers as I'm.


1st you need to boot a live ubuntu disk and resize ubuntu to make room for xp using gparted
You should know xp only supports 3 primary partitions on a hdd (the partition table supports 4, guess xp can't count)
next use the boot menu to select your disk driver for booting using the boot menu, there should be info as soon as you hit the power button at the bottom of the screen, if you cant find it read the manual for the laptop
after installing xp you will need to boot a live disk and reinstall grub:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows
Windows XP does not support secure boot and will not boot with it enabled
You should look into use virtualbox for running xp, assuming your cpu supports VT, you may need to enable this in your biosYou will need to use the left ctrl key when accepting the eula for windows xp in virtualbox


Can I grant a User all the Root permissions

This would be effectively renaming root to another username. This can be done technically, though not the way you described. But it would be a very bad idea, because a lot of things assume the privileged user is called root, and they would break if it isn't. So working with sudo, as it's the default in Ubuntu, is probably the best way. That also allows you to use the extended privileges only when necessary, which makes it less likely to break things with a simple typo.


Help Installing Dante Server From Source

There is no script installed in /etc/init.d/ or anywhere else.

Here is a list of the installed files:

/.
/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/dante
/usr/share/doc/dante/BUGS
/usr/share/doc/dante/VERSION
/usr/share/doc/dante/NEWS
/usr/share/doc/dante/README
/usr/share/doc/dante/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/dante/CREDITS
/usr/share/doc/dante/README.ldap
/usr/share/doc/dante/INSTALL
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/SOCKS4.protocol
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/README.survey
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/Makefile.in
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/README.usage
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/socks.conf.5
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/README.socksify
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/Makefile.am
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/rfc1929.txt
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/SOCKS4A.protocol
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/socksify.1
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/sockd.8
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/sockd.conf.5
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/rfc1928.txt
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/rfc1961.txt
/usr/share/doc/dante/doc/Makefile
/usr/local
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/bin/socksify
/usr/local/include
/usr/local/include/socks.h
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/local/sbin/sockd
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local/lib/libsocks.a
/usr/local/lib/libdsocks.so
/usr/local/lib/libdsocks.la
/usr/local/lib/libsocks.la
/usr/local/lib/libsocks.so.0.1.1
/usr/local/share
/usr/local/share/man
/usr/local/share/man/man5
/usr/local/share/man/man5/socks.conf.5.gz
/usr/local/share/man/man5/sockd.conf.5.gz
/usr/local/share/man/man8
/usr/local/share/man/man8/sockd.8.gz
/usr/local/share/man/man1
/usr/local/share/man/man1/socksify.1.gz
/usr/local/lib/libsocks.so
/usr/local/lib/libsocks.so.0

You have to write the start script yourself. Or you can start the socks server in a terminal, after you have created a configuration in /etc/sockd.conf. Read man 5 socks.conf.

/usr/local/sbin/sockd


It seems like you need to install a dedicated firmware:
sudo apt-get install rtl8821ce-dkms

Then restart your computer
See this previous post for more references https://askubuntu.com/a/1268534/1144685
If it's still not working, please post the output of the following command: sudo iwconfig


When using sudo to run pip "pip: command not found" but it's installed

If you install pip from the Ubuntu repositories pip will work with sudo (I have used pip this way on 12.04 through to 14.04).

sudo apt-get install python-pip


Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Does not download updates

Restart your system
At boot screen select repair broken packages and then update packages.
you can get root terminal with network support and do

aptitude update
aptitude safe-upgrade
aptitude autoclean


No wubildr, No spaceleft, Boot Error and A previous installation was detected in D:\ubuntu. Please uninstall that before continuing

Here's my advice:
Either run wubi.exe standalone or
Dowload the desktop ISO, save it in the same folder as wubi.exe, make sure they're from the same release, and run Wubi.

Do not install Wubi from CD or USB - or even have an Ubuntu CD or USB inserted in your computer (it will find them and use them). The former needs a workaround, and the last time I tried the latter, it tried to copy the entire USB partition as the ISO and that can be 2-16GB.

If you see:

Try hd(0,0): NTFS5 : No wubildr
Try hd(0,1): NTFS5 :

This means that wubi can read the first partition hd(0,0) (= /dev/sda1) and there is no wubildr there (which is normal if it's a recovery or boot partition). And it means that wubi is hanging when attempting to read the second partition hd(0,1) (= /dev/sda2). I don't know why, but it does that sometimes - rarely. If I were you, I'd boot from that USB you have, mount /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda1 and copy /wubildr to it.

sudo mkdir /mnt/sda2
sudo mkdir /mnt/sda1
sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/sda2
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1
sudo cp /mnt/sda2/wubildr /mnt/sda1/wubildr
sudo umount /mnt/sda2
sudo umount /mnt/sda1
sudo rmdir /mnt/sda2
sudo rmdir /mnt/sda1

That should get wubildr (grub2) going.

If you have a spare paritition (D:) then I would actually recommend just installing directly to it, rather than use Wubi. It's much better, if you can handle Ubuntu being in control of your boot process (make a windows repair cd before so you can replace the windows bootloader if you want to uninstall later). But if you have to use Wubi then you can use the above techniques.


Ubuntu crashes and I can't log in after installing NVIDIA driver through Additional Drivers

As mentioned in this article, I needed to disable nouveau before installing the driver.


Ctrl+Alt+F1-F12 switches to different virtual terminals on your computer. What is running on terminal 1-6 is getty, which allows users to login to a CLI. Terminal 7 is probably running something like tail -f /var/log/messages (it doesn't do that on my machine).

The configurations for these programs exists in /etc/init/tty[n].conf on ubuntu. You can put any command here, but remember that they will run as the root user. The virtual terminals after 6 (or 7 in your case) are free so that the X server will be able to bind to one, otherwise the program running in the background of the virtual terminal would be able to interfere with your graphical session.

The reason for having these different virtual terminals is not actually debugging, but it is a historical relic from the time of timesharing systems, where several users would use the same mainframe from different terminals.

http://www.linusakesson.net/programming/tty/index.php


Use dconf-editor. Go to org.gnome.desktop.background and tick "Show desktop icons".

I have the same problem and I found the answer at http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2076524 .


How to hide top menubar bar. Needed for the wine

Yeah I've had several moments like this. There aren't many options to be frank and none of them are ideal.

Run the game in windowed mode (inside the virtual desktop) and run the desktop at full resolution. It will become full-screen (over the bars) and then you can get the game window as big as you can. Not all games allow this but it's leaps and bounds more simple than the rest of the options.
Hack compiz so it targets your Wine window for fullscreen mode (doesn't always work if the application changes resolution after loading)
Run the game in a separate X server instance. Arguably better performance because Compiz isn't compositing the window.
Use KDE. Kwin (the window manager) can force windows to become always-on-top and drop their borders at the same time. This has certainly simplified things for me but it's a big emotional investment.


Printer configured on Lan does not print when system connects through wifi

Are you using wifi through access point or its a routed wifi network? Please provide network configurations for eth0 and wlan0.

Does there exists multiple printers in "Printing" interface? Also mention make and model of the printer. Thank you.


Some Bazaar packages are missing in Ubuntu 13.10 (especially bzr-svn)

bzr-svn and bzr-gtk were no longer maintained upstream nor are their packages in Debian/Ubuntu. For that reason the packages have been removed in Debian sid, and that removal has trickled down to Ubuntu 13.10.

There is nobody working on reintroducing these packages as far as I know, though it would be great if somebody stepped up.

It is still possible to manually install the plugins, but some functionality will be broken (svn 1.7 which is part of 13.10 has some behaviour changes compared to earlier versions).

 % apt-get install python-subvertpy
 % mkdir -p ~/.bazaar/plugins
 % bzr branch lp:bzr-svn ~/.bazaar/plugins/svn
 % bzr branch lp:bzr-gtk ~/.bazaar/plugins/gtk


Try running the following command to reinstall software center.

  sudo apt-get install --reinstall software-center

If this does not work try:

  sudo apt-get install python-simplejson


Probably you won't have write permissions for that directory and for that file. Save your changes to a directory where you do have write access like /tmp with File -> Save As..., exit Emacs and copy the file you just saved with root privileges to that location. But first check the original owner of that file so you can restore it after copying:
ls -l /var/www/html/index.html
sudo cp /tmp/index.html /var/www/html
sudo chown oldowner:oldgroup /var/www/html/index.html

For further editing, start Emacs with root privileges:
sudo emacs /var/www/html/index.html

You might want to read a tutorial of Linux file permissions and ownership to avoid unpleasant surprises with security on your web server.


Uploading or attaching files that located on a shared drive doesn't work?

To mount samba shares in our home directory we may use SMBNetFS. With this tool we are able to access samba shares by nearly all applications simply through a mount point in our home directory.
How to use SMBnetFS

sudo apt-get install smbnetfs install the package
cp /etc/smbnetfs.conf ~/.smb/smbnetfs.conf copy example configuration file
cp /etc/samba/smb.conf ~/.smb/smb.conf copy samba configuration
mkdir ~/sambashare or any other name for the mount point
smbnetfs ~/sambashare to mount the shares.
users need to be member of the fuse group

See man smbnetfs for options and go through the FAQ file in /usr/share/doc/smbnetfs for further documentation.


You can run more than 4gb on a 32 bit system with PAE, or physical address extensions - which i believe the default 32 bit kernel comes with, but 64 bit would have better performance, and the system itself supports 4x 2gb sticks for 8 gigs. There's no reason why it should not work


Video Editing Software that Allows Me To Edit Multiple Audio Tracks Seperately from 1 Video File?

you don't mention which you have tested but some applications worth trying are

shotcut
blender [there is a very nice tutorial series on youtube on how to use it as a video editor]
kdenlive
lwks

[don't know it they support what you want]


QEMU-KVM, GPU Passthrough, Windows 10 - Crashing

OK, so thanks to this post I've managed to fix the issue, at least in a test environment:
https://forums.engineerworkshop.com/t/fixing-gpu-passthrough-on-windows-10-vm-in-proxmox/207
The steps I took were:

Set <kvm><hidden state='off'/></kvm> in my VM config - this disabled the GPU drivers so I could boot into windows
Set the MSISupported registry key to "1" for my GPU
Re-set <kvm><hidden state='on'/></kvm> in my VM config

--
I'll rebuild my VMs properly next weekend (I've been running one Win 10 instance on bare metal) and, all things going well, accept this as the answer.
--
Edit: I rebuilt my VMs and the above initially fixed the issue. I run multiple different GPUs across my VMs however and, every time I changed GPU, it reset the registry key. I ended up replacing all my GPUs with AMDs which worked better (still have a reset bug, but at least they worked).


Search (on your system) for the 'Software & Updates' control panel. Choose a different mirror from the 'Ubuntu Software' tab.
Run sudo apt update. Then try installing joe again


How to mount an ISO image in Ubuntu 12.04

You can also do this in a Linux distro agnostic way. Open a terminal and run:

sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop "<path>/image.iso" /mnt

Your ISO image will be accessible under /mnt


Command line PDF printing - automatic filenames based on timestamp

I'm still not 100% sure what you're trying to do (it would help to know more about what kind of file you're starting with) but you have a lot of options.

From the Ubuntu Forums, try a2ps and ps2pdf

$ a2ps file.txt -o file.ps
$ ps2pdf file.ps file.pdf

a2ps (Anything to Post Script) you'll have to install, ps2pdf(Post Script to PDF) should be installed already.

Or from How to print a regular file to pdf from command line you can try enscript.

Or if you want to write something in Python, reportlab's pdfgen is great.

And if you need to do any work after you've created a PDF, pdftk is great for manipulating finished PDFs or water marking them.


Before installing WUBI, should I defragment the disk?

Wubi is an Ubuntu installer for Windows that lets you install and uninstall Ubuntu from a Windows desktop. Wubi adds an entry to the Windows boot menu which allows you to run Linux. Ubuntu is installed within a file in the Windows file system (a loopmounted partition), this file is seen by Ubuntu as a real hard disk. That way the hard drive does not have to be repartitioned before the Ubuntu installation. The resulting Ubuntu installation is a "real" Linux system, not just a virtual machine. Wubi makes it easy for Linux newbies to play around with Ubuntu.

But if you have less than 5 GB space then you can defragment disk for more space optimization ..increase access speed by rearranging files stored on a disk to occupy contiguous storage locations

this is my personal opinion


All drivers software for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Unless you've installed drivers manually from third-party websites, all of your system drivers should be updated automatically by Ubuntu's built-in "Software Updater".  This is one of the great things about Ubuntu and other operating systems that use package management (Ubuntu uses the apt program for this).  Anything installed via apt, Ubuntu Software Center, or from a PPA should update automatically.  Everything that the Ubuntu installer put on your computer during installation of Ubuntu should also update automatically, including drivers.

If you've installed anything using the "Additional Drivers" utility, these should also update, although only if the third-party publisher (e.g. nVidia) updates them.  In some cases you may have to manually select a newer version using the same utility.

So if all you're worried about is keeping drivers up-to-date, then worry no more.  Unlike in Windows, Ubuntu keeps all your drivers up-to-date for you via the same utility that updates everything else.

Just one quick note about Ubuntu's release schedule; most releases are only supported for 9 months after initial release.  However, in your case you have an LTS (Long Term Support) release, so yours will be supported for 5 years after initial release (until April 2019).  Once the 9 months or 5 years run out, the version becomes EOL (End of Life) and no longer receives updates. See this wiki page for release support information.


All those entries correspond to different ways* of booting your kernels (in the case of Linux) or to give control to the windows bootloader. Also, grub keeps track of older kernels and propose you to use them to boot (when you'll have newer kernel installed).

[*] Those "ways" are option you can pass at boot time, to specify certain modules to load, or modify some module behaviour. For example, the recovery mode entry does not specify a gfxmode option, which result in the system booting without graphical interface.

I believe the 15.04 option comes from a new kernel package that was not present when you initially installed Ubuntu. The reason why you have a new entry for your new ubuntu flavor is that as the graphical environment change, grub needs a new entry to allow you booting with it.

You can modify their placement my changing the number of files in /etc/grub.d/[x][filename]. A very detailed tutorial is available here

As a side note, you may want to check this resource to understand better the boot process in Linux.


How to run application from terminal forever?

The simplest and most direct method is nohup java -jar jenkins.war &. "nohup" means "no hangup", which is vintage terminology for not ending a session when the terminal disconnects. "&" just starts the process in the background, similar to what would happen if you press CTRL+Z (and then type bg 1) while the process is running in the foreground.

WARNING: nohup, by default, sends output of the process to a text file. If you are not careful, that file can become dangerously large in some cases. Treat it like any other ever-growing log file.


Ubuntu's network manager is conflicting. You can turn set it to manual using

sudo stop network-manager
echo "manual" | sudo tee /etc/init/network-manager.override

After that you should be able to run

sudo airodump-ng start wlan0

Alternatively, you could also set

unmanaged-devices=interface-name:wlan0;interface-name:mon0

or for a hw address

unmanaged-devices=mac:11:22:33:44:55:66

This can be changed in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf under section keyfile. See also

man NetworkManager.conf


The current version should run on any 64-bit processor, though it'll run a great deal better with 1.5 GHz clock or faster, and at least 4 GB RAM.  Alternately, some of the "flavors" of Ubuntu (MATE, Budgie, Xubuntu, Lubuntu) still have supported 32-bit versions, while if processor speed is the issue, Xubuntu or Lubuntu will require less from your computer's hardware.


start the terminal and type

gksu gedit /etc/network/interfaces

File will opened in gedit. It will be empty or should contain

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

In gedit add following lines and save it and close

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

and restart the network manager: sudo service network-manager restart
It works fine with my case


For which program is this repository?: http://ppa.launchpad.net/bit-team/stable/ubuntu

Literally point your browser at http://ppa.launchpad.net/bit-team/stable/ubuntu/
and descend into:
dists/eoan/main/binary-arm64/
I have chosen eoan here because there is no focal, and eoan is the most recent.
You will find a file called Packages.xz. Download it and open it. It will list all the packages that are inside this PPA (or are supposed to be).
These are:
backintime-common
backintime-gnome
backintime-kde
backintime-kde4
backintime-notify
backintime-qt
backintime-qt4


Difference between phablet-flash cdimage-touch and phablet-flash ubuntu-system?

cdimage-touch

Provisions the device with a CDimage build of Ubuntu Touch.

cdimage-legacy

Provisions the device with legacy unflipped images. These images really shouldn't be used anymore, but it's a good time machine.

ubuntu-system

Provisions the device with an Ubuntu Image Based Upgrade image. If you still don't know what this is, refer to Stephane's blog post or the wiki describing it.
From the link:

Some of you may be aware that I along with Barry Warsaw and Ondrej Kubik have been working on image based upgrades for Ubuntu Touch. This is going to be the official method to update any Ubuntu Touch devices. When using this system, the system will effectively be read-only with updates being downloaded over the air from a central server and applied in a consistent way across all devices. Design details may be found at: http://wiki.ubuntu.com/ImageBasedUpgrades
After several months of careful design and implementation, we are now ready to get more testers. We are producing daily images for our 4 usual devices, Galaxy Nexus (maguro), Nexus 4 (mako), Nexus 7 (grouper) and Nexus 10 (manta). At this point, only those devices are supported. We’ll soon be working with the various ports to see how to get them running on the new system.

community

Provisions the device with a community supported build. Community based images as described by Daniel on his blog. In a nutshell, each porter provides a manifest of where their ports are located and the are provisioned to the target devices, this currently only works with recovery images that support extendedcommands. Support for openrecoverscript is one of the close targets.

ubuntu-system will be the official one. So this is better support, regular updates and easier setup.


How to transfer / copy files from docker container to local directory in ubuntu 18.04?

I think you can do something like this should do what you want to do. Try this from your terminal:

me@myvirtualbox: ~$ scp -p 8080 uid@cumulus.nlp.stanford.edu:data/plot.png ./Downloads

you should provide your password for remote endpoint, and above solution should works for you.


I killed Xorg. after reboot, gdm3 freezes

In fact startx or xinit would start the xorg server but if you still have problems regarding the login screen,you can try sddm.
sudo apt install sddm
and during the installation, change the default display manager to sddm.
Display manager configuration


You need to erase everything from the disk to be able to create a GPT partition. Be sure to accept every delete and run every pending operations, even delete unused space - until there are only 1 big unbroken unclaimed chunk of disk, just like a brand new virgin disk.
If you still cannot choose GPT as disklayout, you have to reboot, before trying again.

Yes now you have to choose a Guided partition Table, and inside this table create your partritions!
Best of luck


How can I prevent or diminish Nautilus freezing problems?

You need to first diagnose your problem.

Try launching Nautilus from a Terminal by typing nautilus and pressing enter.
Any errors or warnings will be displayed in the terminal and this may help you to find the issue.

Your issue may already have been reported as a bug.
See Launchpad for a list of bugs in nautilus.

Once a solution is found for one of these bugs, they will be fixed, but it may take a long time for the bug fixes to appear in Ubuntu. Often, however, people will post temporary solutions in the comments of a particular bug.

Also, PCManFM is another option for an alternative file manager. It is similar visually to nautilus, fast, but with a few less features.


That's unusual. Did the card work on windows with the same card reader, and writing more than 32GB worked ok?

Any changes with a different card reader, in Ubuntu or windows?

There are lots of differing card readers of varying quality, some slower, some unreliable, some can't handle SDHC or SDXC (like this one) even though they may advertise they can.


Brother DCP-T510w prints, but don't scan, Ubuntu 20.04, How can I make xsane recognise it?

I have a Brother MFC and ran into the same problem.
It's seems like the 20.04 upgrade replaced /etc/sane.d/dll.conf with a default file.
The following fixed it for me:
sudo nano /etc/sane.d/dll.conf
I added a line with brother2 at the end of the file.
Judging from your recently added screenshots you should add a line brother4 if it's not already there.
If that doesn't fix it for you do a
diff /etc/sane.d/dll.conf /etc/sane.d/dll.conf.dpkg-old
Then you'll see the difference between the old and the new file to change it accordingly.


Software compatibility Lubuntu vs. Ubuntu

LUbuntu and Ubuntu differ only in desktop environment and they are the same in all other aspects. Thus softwares compatible with Ubuntu are compatible with LUbuntu as well.


Does Spotify has its own lens now, or are you referring to the Spotify scope? When I used it, it was added to the default music scope.

I added it a while back using this guide: http://www.iloveubuntu.net/add-spotify-unity-music-lens-spotify-scope-ubuntu-1110-1204

Not sure of the status now as I've left unity...


How to get Minecraft Server to boot with system?

Your output suggests that you didn't set up the EULA file. Run the server once to generate the file (you did that already).
Then edit eula.txt so it says eula=true. Then the server will start.

Most folks start the server inside a screen session. This allows you greater control.
Here's my own minecraft.service file, showing how the server starts inside a screen session, and can also be safely stopped by calling the same session. Your WorkingDirectory and User and server memory settings will differ, of course.

[Unit]
Description=Minecraft Server
After=network.target

[Service]
RemainAfterExit=yes
WorkingDirectory=/home/minecraft
User=minecraft
# Start Screen, Java, and Minecraft
ExecStart=screen -s mc -d -m java -server -Xms512M -Xmx1024M -jar server.jar nogui
# Tell Minecraft to gracefully stop.
# Ending Minecraft will terminate Java
# systemd will kill Screen after the 10-second delay. No explicit kill for Screen needed
ExecStop=screen -p 0 -S mc -X eval 'stuff "say SERVER SHUTTING DOWN. Saving map..."\015'
ExecStop=screen -p 0 -S mc -X eval 'stuff "save-all"\015'
ExecStop=screen -p 0 -S mc -X eval 'stuff "stop"\015'
ExecStop=sleep 10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

BONUS #1: You can check that the server is running by looking at top. Java should be consuming resources.  If not, then your server has crashed.

BONUS #2: You can view the Minecraft Server's screen output in logs/latest.log That's an easy way to confirm that the server is indeed running, world has been successfully created, folks are able to join, etc.


How to install Ubuntu on XPS 15 Platinum - 2014 version properly

Look at this:
Ubuntu on the Precision M3800 or XPS15 Nov 2013

http://en.community.dell.com/techcenter/b/techcenter/archive/2013/11/14/ubuntu-on-the-precision-m3800.aspx

You should just follow standard UEFI install procedures. Best to use 13.10 as it supposedly includes all of sputnik or wait for 12.04.4 in Jan. Very new systems need newest version of Linux/Ubuntu.

Shows install with screen shots for both BIOS & UEFI, so you know which you are using.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

Also shows Windows 8 screens

Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI

Boot Repair -Also handles LVM, GPT, separate /boot and UEFI dual boot. required for UEFI & grub bug fixes

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


Howto install latest Oracle Java JDK (32-Bit) to Linux Xubuntu 14.04 (64-Bit) easiest way

The easiest solution I have found so far is using a great tool called Oraji which automatically does the configuration for you. Here is the brief excerpt from the install instruction created by the Oraji developer:

Download latest official 32-Bit Oracle JDK. File name should be jdk-... -linux-i586.tar.gz from http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
Install Oraji on Ubuntu:

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:neurobin/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oraji

Java Installation Instruction:

Run in terminal:

sudo oraji '/path/to/the/jdk_or_jre_archive'

or run

sudo /path/to/oraji /path/to/the/jdk_or_jre_archive

after giving the oraji script execution permission if you didn't install the script.

That's it. Now if you want to populate JAVA_HOME and other environment variables run source /etc/profile or logout and login.

For more info like Uninstall, Changing JDK version, just follow this nice tutorial by Oraji developers https://github.com/neurobin/oraji

Have a great day, guys!


Can I suppress the last-minute 'writing to disk' dialogue when umounting? (bash script)


What's the difference between the Chromium PPA and the Chromium offered in the Universe Repo?

The PPA package is updated to the most recent version (in the upstream stable line) potentially every day (not every day in practice, because the stable line doesn't update every day).

The package in the universe repository is only updated if there's a security issue. Unlike most pacakges, the security updates to the Chromium package bring in fairly recent versions of Chromium, presumably because backporting the security fixes is hard. Still, the universe repository is updated a lot less often, so the PPA gives you a more up-do-date system at the cost of making frequent downloads and system changes (it's less stable, in Debian terms).


Pre isntalled Ubuntu for Dell Vostro 3580

Go to:
http://releases.ubuntu.com/18.04/

Download:
ubuntu-18.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso
SHA256SUMS

Validate:

$ cd [path to iso & SUMS files]
$ sha256sum -c SHA256SUMS 2>&1 | grep OK


Here's a handy guide, using VNC: http://eric-blue.com/2011/08/20/how-to-turn-your-ipad-into-a-virtual-monitor/


How to mount a VirtualBox shared folder at startup?

To always mount a Virtual Box "shared folder" on booting an Ubuntu guest we have two options. It is up to personal preference which option works best in our setting.
1. Mount with fstab
To mount a shared folder using the vboxsf filesystem provided with Guest Additions we first need to make sure prerequisites are met. Then we may put the following line in our etc/fstab file:
<name_of_share>   /path/to/mountpoint   vboxsf   <options>  0   0

Replace name_of_share and /path/to/mountpoint with your individual setup (the directory for the mountpoint has to be created first). See the manpage for mount <options>. One possibility is to mount with defaults, or to give specific mount options (e.g. rw, suid, exec, auto, users).
On some systems the vboxsf kernel module is not yet loaded at the time fstab is read on boot. It may then help to append the vboxsf kernel module to /etc/modules.
Some systems may need option comment=systemd.automount in their fstab entry (source).
2. Mount with Virtual Box "automatic mounting":
In recent releases of Virtual Box we can also automatically mount shared folders on creation:

After a reboot of the guest this shared folder will be mounted to the guest directory /media/<username>/sf_<name_of_share> accessible to all users who had been made member of the group vboxsf.


Lost notifications after installing XFCE

Do you have Ubuntu's default notify-osd daemon installed? Maybe it is in conflict with XFCE's native notification daemon..

Apparently, when it comes to notification daemons, there can be only one.. unfortunately, the right one does not get run, and the packages aren't marked to conflict. XFCE developers closed the bug report, so I assume that according to XFCE developers, you are not supposed to have Gnome and XFCE installed on the same system.

Why not just remove one? XFCE's notification daemon isn't tied to XFCE AFAIK (though I haven't actually used it under any DE other than XFCE), although it does rely on xfconf. Both NotifyOSD and xfce4-notifyosd are both implementations of the FreeDesktop Notification Standard so notifications would work equally well under any of them (although I prefer xfce4-notifyosd as it provides an 'X' button on notifications without patching and it has support for buttons on notifications).

Since NotifyOSD is totally unconfigurable (and it's meant to be "just there" hence why you can't close its notifications manually and why it doesn't support buttons on notifications), XFCE can't change its settings. To do what you want, you can either get rid of NotifyOSD and use XFCE's notification daemon (which will start once NotifyOSD goes) or get rid of xfce4-notifyosd and use leolik's patched NotifyOSD which does let you set the position of its notifications.

If you're running Precise (which is what I suspect as xfce4-notifyosd in Natty would actually conflict because they share a file), however, leolik's PPA does not have a Precise build.

Long-story-short...remove one of the notify applications.

source


Xubuntu Keyboard partially responding after lid down only in some applications

I was looking for a solution to the same issue as you, but the only effective solution I found on MX-15, XFCE 4.12 with Debian 8.2 was to disable xscreensaver altogether and rely upon the XFCE Power Manager to blank the screen after however many minutes you want. Disappointing if you want decent graphics or effects for your computer screen. At least it saves power on my Dell Latitude D630 (and no, I'm not proud of the fact I'm using a Dell product).

Explicit Directions:

  Open XScreenSaver
  Look for the drop-down menu labeled "Mode:".
  Select "Disable Screen Saver".
  Open the XFCE Power Manager.
  Click on the "Display" tab.
  Change the sliders listed in the row with "Blank after" listed at the start.
  Enjoy the lack of issues.

I hoped this helps for some people, but this workaround is undesirable for people wanting a graphical screensaver.


Cant boot from USB drive. Cant access GRUB. No graphical interface

Make sure that your machine will boot first in its USB. You can do this by setting its Boot Priority/Sequence in BIOS.

Restart your machine
Press F2 or the key that will let you access the setup for BIOS
Under Boot Priority/Boot Sequence tab, make the USB as the first priority to boot
Then try restarting your machine again. It must now boot in your USB

Hope this can help.


Automatic screen brightness on Ubuntu 14.10 not working right, manual controls not working at all

You can also use command line option to control brightness.

Steps:

Open terminal using ctrl+alt+t.
Type command "xrandr".
It will display something like this:

4.You need to see (in the underlined part) which display is connected. (Here in my case it is LVDS1).

Use following command to adjust brightness:

  xrandr --output "your connected display name" --brightness
  "brightness value"

For example, in my case it'd be:

xrandr --output LVDS1 --brightness .75

Note: Brightness value should be less than 1. (Otherwise it will be too much brightness).

That's it. Hope this helps.


How do I get two finger scrolling working on an Acer S3 Elantech Touchpad?

First off does the touch-pad support two finger scrolling? If so the result of synclient -l would be nice to edit

add the output of the command synclient -l.

Parameter settings:
    LeftEdge                = 1775
    RightEdge               = 5503
    TopEdge                 = 1652
    BottomEdge              = 4662
    FingerLow               = 24
    FingerHigh              = 29
    FingerPress             = 255
    MaxTapTime              = 180
    MaxTapMove              = 245
    MaxDoubleTapTime        = 180
    SingleTapTimeout        = 180
    ClickTime               = 100
    FastTaps                = 0
    EmulateMidButtonTime    = 75
    EmulateTwoFingerMinZ    = 10
    EmulateTwoFingerMinW    = 6
    VertScrollDelta         = 111
    HorizScrollDelta        = 111
    VertEdgeScroll          = 0
    HorizEdgeScroll         = 0
    CornerCoasting          = 0
    VertTwoFingerScroll     = 1
    HorizTwoFingerScroll    = 0
    MinSpeed                = 1
    MaxSpeed                = 1.75
    AccelFactor             = 0.0359131
    TrackstickSpeed         = 40
    EdgeMotionMinZ          = 29
    EdgeMotionMaxZ          = 159
    EdgeMotionMinSpeed      = 1
    EdgeMotionMaxSpeed      = 445
    EdgeMotionUseAlways     = 0
    TouchpadOff             = 0
    LockedDrags             = 0
    LockedDragTimeout       = 5000
    RTCornerButton          = 2
    RBCornerButton          = 3
    LTCornerButton          = 0
    LBCornerButton          = 0
    TapButton1              = 1
    TapButton2              = 3
    TapButton3              = 2
    ClickFinger1            = 1
    ClickFinger2            = 1
    ClickFinger3            = 1
    CircularScrolling       = 0
    CircScrollDelta         = 0.1
    CircScrollTrigger       = 0
    CircularPad             = 0
    PalmDetect              = 0
    PalmMinWidth            = 9
    PalmMinZ                = 199
    CoastingSpeed           = 20
    CoastingFriction        = 50
    PressureMotionMinZ      = 29
    PressureMotionMaxZ      = 159
    PressureMotionMinFactor = 1
    PressureMotionMaxFactor = 1
    ResolutionDetect        = 1
    GrabEventDevice         = 1
    TapAndDragGesture       = 1
    AreaLeftEdge            = 0
    AreaRightEdge           = 0
    AreaTopEdge             = 0
    AreaBottomEdge          = 0

You can change the setting of the synclient by adding to the startup application a new application with the following command:

xterm -e synclient "EmulateTwoFingerMinZ=10"

This would change the setting of EmulateTwoFingerMinZ to the value of 10

Found similar answer here: How to get two-finger scolling to work?


Change the verbosity of wpa_supplicant when managed by network-manager/dbus

For older versions of network-manager (<0.9), you can edit

/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/fi.epitest.hostap.WPASupplicant.service

In 0.9, the file has changed to fi.w1.wpa_supplicant1.service, so you now have to edit

/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/fi.w1.wpa_supplicant1.service

The file should look like this:

[D-BUS Service]
Name=fi.w1.wpa_supplicant1
Exec=/sbin/wpa_supplicant -u -s -O /var/run/wpa_supplicant
User=root

And you can add your options in the Exec line. To make network-manager restart wpa_supplicant, run

ps aux | grep wpa

and kill the wpa_supplicant process

kill -9 12345

It will start back up automatically.


The following packages have unmet dependencies: mysql-server

Note: when you run sudo apt-get autoremove, review the packages to be uninstalled before accepting the changes just to make sure it's not going to uninstall something you want to keep.

If you did not manually install any proprietary drivers like for nvidia, run the following commands:

sudo touch /etc/mysql
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get -f install

If you did manually install any proprietary drivers like nvidia, run these commands instead:

sudo touch /etc/mysql
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get -f install

Please post any errors, thanks!


How do I remove all the compiz installation I did with this command, but keep the basic?

In a terminal run this, one complete command.

sudo apt purge compiz-fusion-bcop compiz-mate compiz-plugins-extra \
compiz-plugins-main compiz-plugins-main-default compiz-plugins-main-dev \
compizconfig-backend-kconfig kdelibs5-data libattica0.4 libdlrestrictions1 \
libkdecore5 libkdeui5 libmate-desktop-2-17 libmatekbd-common libmatekbd4 \
libmatemixer-common libmatemixer0 libqt4-svg mate-desktop-common mate-settings-daemon \
mate-settings-daemon-common ubuntu-mate-wallpapers-common

That would just leave compizconfig-settings-manager & compiz-plugins which are useful but not 'default installed', remove if desired

After this you could Check sudo apt autoremove to see if anything additional, I'd suggest answering n (no) if not 100% sure of any removals..


Download Gparted:

· From Ubuntu Software

· Run the command sudo apt-get install gparted


How to install Saxon or Saxon-HE with apt or snap?

Are you looking for Saxon/C or Saxon/J?
On Java, most people with this requirement use Maven for the open source edition. We don't currently publish on Maven for the commercial products, because of concerns about licensing, but we've got plans to change that.
For Saxon/C, it's currently a manual installation. Again, we're trying to improve the installability of the product but it's more complex because of the large number of different platform combinations.
I'm not sure of the relevance of libxslt.


Can `cat` show files using code markup in colors?

cat is not able to do this. However, maybe pygments may be able to help you there. It is a python script and can be either installed via apt-get

sudo apt-get install python-pygments

or easily downloaded and installed via easy_install.

It supports lots of source code languages and also markup languages

It is used by

pygmentize -g <filename>


How do I share my wireless connection via a wired cable?

This is surprisingly easy at least with Ubuntu 12.04.  I have not personally been able to test this on 12.10 but It has been confirmed that this works there too.  I use the Gnome Classic desktop but similar steps should work with any desktop.

I'm connecting my Windows 7 machine to the internet via the Wifi on my Ubuntu 12.04 machine.

step 1

step 2

step 3


If you need to format the drive, try to install gparted and try to rewrite the partition table use gparted


Some Youtube videos won't play in Kubuntu 14.04 and Chromium 36.0.1985.125

you need to install pepperflash for chromium now because it nolonger accepts netscape like plugins (the firefox flashplugin)

sudo apt-get install pepperflashplugin-nonfree

restart chromium after installation for the changes to take effect


When installing php from source configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's

If you install all openssl related library on system even getting error like configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h> and configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL then try to set below variable.

$ OPENSSL_LIBDIR=/usr/include/openssl
$ OPENSSL_INCDIR=/usr/include/openssl


How to configure startupmanager to show option to choose for different kernel versions during boot

I'm very sorry if this is ridiculous, but since there are no other answers yet: you haven't forgotten to check the "Show Bootloader Menu" box in "Boot Options" → "Misc" have you?

In case you have:

As far as i understand, this program modifies /etc/default/grub. Open this file using something like gksu gedit /etc/default/grub.

Now there are two interesting values:

GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10

The first one is to set the timeout where grub doesn't show at all. The second one sets the timeout until grub hides itself when it's shown.

To always show the boot menu, set the values to what you see above.

Note that GRUB is always hidden if the previous boot has not failed. (It's actually the other way round I think, grub forces itself to show should the previous boot have failed)

to get rid of this behaviour, you can set GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT= (empty value). This will always display grub.

Don't forget to run update-grub after you're done.

And always back up this file before you change it. Be really careful with this; If you break this file, you might have to recover GRUB using an Ubuntu CD. Have one handy just in case.


Its possible with the following methods:

Setup kernel variable to drop all ping packets (temporary):

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all

This instructs the kernel to simply ignore all ping
requests (ICMP type 0 messages)

To re-enable:

echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all

Add following line to /etc/sysctl.conf file, append this line (permanent solution to step one):

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1

Reload with sysctl -p

Use iptables by setting the ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol):

Add these lines:

iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DROP

OR

iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -j DROP

If using firewalld:

Check ICMP types available

firewall-cmd --get-icmptypes

We are after echo-reply, so apply block

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-icmp-block=echo-reply

Sources:

https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-iptables-9-allow-icmp-ping.html

https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-drop-block-all-ping-packets/

https://crybit.com/iptables-rules-for-icmp/

http://www.tecmint.com/firewalld-rules-for-centos-7/2/


intel driver suppressed after removing NVidia card (switching from NVidia to Intel failed)

Yabbadabbadoooo!!!! Yeah, I found + fixed it!!!

I figured this problem might somehow be related to the 'alternatives' and after a bit more research, I stumbled over this:

sudo update-alternatives --remove-all x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf
sudo update-alternatives --remove-all i386-linux-gnu_gl_conf

http://forum.ubuntuusers.de/topic/nvidia-current-update-problem/ (at the end)
https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/issues/76

To be sure, I additionally ran this:

sudo update-alternatives --remove-all gl_conf

...but this alternative seemed to have not been assigned.

I then removed my '/etc/X11/xorg.conf' again, removed the kernel option 'nogpumanager' from '/etc/default/grub' (followed by 'update-grub') and rebooted.

...and it works fine, now!

Here's (an excerpt of) the output of 'glxinfo':

OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Haswell Desktop
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 11.0.2
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile

With the intel driver now being active, I was able to switch from 'XRender' to 'OpenGL 3.1' (in the display settings under 'Compositor') and all 3D effects work again.

Edit: One day later, I saw that LibreOffice didn't start, anymore. I don't have the exact error message anymore, but it said sth. about a missing library - looking related to this problem (and it worked fine before removing NVidia).

After some research, I did the following:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libglu1-mesa libglu1-mesa:i386
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libglu1
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx

I think, only the last line is relevant, but I'm listing all for completeness.


Ubuntu doesnt see my Kindle (4th generation) as mtp device

Please, try the following commands:

sudo mount /dev/sg2 /mnt
cd /mnt
ls

Then paste here the output.


How to copy Ubuntu from an internal hard disk to new laptop?

I suggest to mount your external drive to the new laptop's Ubuntu and simply copy the stuff from external drive to new Laptop's Ubuntu. Merely moving Ubuntu from one laptop to another is not a good idea(provided both the laptops are different). Linux kernel has lot of driver modules and it won't be working that easily. Best bet to copy the data and applications(from /usr and /opt) of the external drive to new Laptop's Ubuntu's /usr and /opt.


The mountall program that runs during early boot will mount everything listed in /lib/init/fstab and /etc/fstab. Check if there are any duplicate entries for /dev/pts, and if that doesn't turn anything up, check all the init scripts for mention of it:

grep /dev/pts /etc/init/* /etc/init.d/*


How to make docky and gnome shell work together?

I use the Left/Middle-message-tray Gnome shell extension to get the notification area out of the way.


Will plymouth allow for a nice boot experience with proprietary graphics drivers in future?

You're asking a question that can only really be answered by the developers and decision makers at the companies making the hardware and the drivers.

Ultimately, it can be done but it requires some give on both sides of the fence. Nvidia, for example, claim they could do it but require some relaxation on the licensing of certain libraries.

From AaronP (nvidia staff):

  The last time I talked to the
  developers working on it, they told me
  that the hooks necessary to implement
  kernel modesetting were exported to
  GPL modules only, and therefore are
  not usable by the NVIDIA driver. On
  the other hand, that was a while ago
  and I haven't looked at it since. If
  the kernel developers are willing to
  work with us to make kernel
  modesetting possible for NVIDIA GPUs,
  then we'll look into it.

And again here:

  Well, let me rephrase that... it was
  specifically designed to be
  incompatible with non-GPL drivers, at
  least according to Dave Airlie when I
  asked him about it a couple of months
  ago. I haven't actually looked at the
  code, myself.

That was two years ago... So no, this hasn't been moving along particularly fast. I fear there's probably more luck in getting X loaded up faster and just using XSplash.

But when you look at it from Nvidia's point of view, what does this feature really add for their users? Would they benefit more from 400 man-hours going into Xorg development or 400 hours going into making the boot sequence more pretty?


How to find reason for required restart?

The packages driving the need to reboot can be listed by running this command

cat /var/run/reboot-required.pkgs


Found the fix when trying to fix something else, funny how that works.

#!/bin/sh

(wget -qO- ifconfig.me/ip) > ip.txt

mail -s "HomeOne IP Address" sarvis.server1@gmail.com < ip.txt

For whatever reason the variables in the bash script were causing the mail to weird out and try and send it to strange and nonexistent email addresses.


Get current date and time to commit message to git

You can use Command Substitution to get the current date and time when your script is run:

git commit -m "$(date +"%D %T")"

Alternatively you could save date's output in a variable, e.g. if you want to capture the time the script was started at, add as the first command e.g.

timestamp=$(date +"%D %T")

and use it later like:

git commit -m "$timestamp: Backup"

If this is really your whole script, remember to add a Shebang as the first line. I always try to avoid cd in scripts and rather give full paths, last but not least it helps to keep the code clean and easily understandable if you store long paths in variables:

#!/bin/bash
path1=/var/www/html/myweb
path2=/home/myweb/backups/myweb

php "$path1/bin/magento" setup:backup --code --media --db
cp "$path1/var/backups/*" "$path2/backups/"
git add "$path2"
git commit -m "$(date +"%D %T")"
git push

Note that you can't use ~ in a path when you do it like that because variables are expanded after the tilde, you can use $HOME though.


Ubuntu 18.04: Packages no longer downloadable

Apparently, it is possible to install packages from Ubuntu 17.10 by installing the deb packages and its dependencies manually (https://askubuntu.com/a/1029451).

Alternatively, one could temporarily add the 17.10 sources to apt and then install the packages (https://christiandietze.de/pdftk-with-ubuntu-bionic-18-04/).


How to disable the keyring for SSH and GPG?

First duplicate the file /etc/xdg/autostart/gnome-keyring-ssh.desktop into ~/.config/autostart/.

Then edit ~/.config/autostart/gnome-keyring-ssh.desktop in order to remove the following line:

NoDisplay=true

and to add the following line at the end:

X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=false

This should disable SSH management when you restart your session.
To disable GPG, do the same with the file /etc/xdg/autostart/gnome-keyring-gpg.desktop.


I found a solution!

First, I opened firefox went to about:config

searched for: media.default_volume

double clicked media.default_volume

and finally, I changed the value to 5

Additionally, I saw a solution somewhere else that suggested using 2.0 for media.volume_scale,

make sure that media.volume_scale is set to 1.0


Ubuntu One comes with the commandline tool u1sdtool to control it.

Basically the gui control panel cannot quit the syncdaemon but can connect/disconnect it.

If you need to control syncdaemon start/stop it

you have u1sdtool --start and u1sdtool --quit

If you need to connect/disconnect it

you have u1sdtool --connect and u1sdtool --disconnect commands

See u1sdtool --help for all the available commands.

You can do connect/disconnect through control panel gui as well.

There is a indicator for ubuntuone as well: What Application Indicators are available?

If you need to disable ubuntuone from autostarting at login
Syncdaemon is autostart service. So if you just need to disable the autostart part when you login to your session. Go to /etc/xdg/autostart and do

sudo sed --in-place 's/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g' ubuntuone-launch.desktop

and disable it from startup-applications


Check what connections a software / application is trying to make

You can use netstat for monitoring your network traffic.
Use the following command to monitor network connections and applications using network:

sudo netstat -p

The output will be similar to this format:

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State PID/Program name

Use man netstat for more information on using netstat.


Ubuntu 17.04; LibreOffice crashes on start

I'm currently suffering the same issue, it was happen after i upgrade the kernel 4.10.0-19 to 4.10.0.37 while JRE was needed to run Zotero in libreoffice.

In the last, i tried to remove the newer kernel and it came to be normal.
by running:

sudo mv /boot/*10.0-37*   /media/*
sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
sudo grub-install /dev/sda
reboot


For the common resolution you should use the default "Displays" tools

For custom reslution have a look at xrandr

Here is a full guide: http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2017/04/custom-screen-resolution-ubuntu-desktop/


Secondary display showing Ubuntu logo, but is not detected

The W520 comes with "nvidia optimus" who's features have limited support in linux so far. When booting, linux will disable the integrated Intel graphics and use your nvidia quadro 1000M. It is however, the integrated intel graphics that runs your VGA-port.

You could try setting your BIOS settings to only use the integrated intel graphics, this would however mean that you won't be able to play heavy games and the like.

  Press F12 when starting your computer during the "THINKPAD" splash screen. Set the
  display setting to "Integrated".

If this causes you any trouble, you can easily go back to BIOS and revert to your previous settings.

More information can be found at http://zachstechnotes.blogspot.se/2012/01/tri-head-display-on-linux-thinkpad-w520.html


just copy your downloaded files to your .icons (ctrl+h to see it) folder located in your home directory. Create a folder then paste the index.theme, cursor.theme files and the folder of the cursors inside it. Use Ubuntu Tweak to choose it.


I was about to make one for you, but there is one I found while doing that.

Here you go: https://code.launchpad.net/~nitrof22/+archive/ppa


Error message "Start PXE over IPv6 -- Start PXE over IPv4 -- PXE-E18 server responce timeout"

This is occurring as in BIOS network boot option is enabled and in boot priorities network boot is 1st or before to the option USB or primary HDD.

You simply need to disable network boot option in BIOS setup of your Dell INSPIRON 3421.


Windows 10: Inaccessible Boot Device after dual boot Ubuntu 18.04 Installation

My problem was apparently different from the suggested question.

The issue I had was that in AHCI mode, Ubuntu booted and worked normally but Windows did not boot at all. Then I switched to RAID and noticed that Windows booted and worked normally but Ubuntu did not boot at all.

The problem was that I had switched from RAID to AHCI without safe mode in Windows. When I applied the same switch but in safe mode everything worked fine.


To fix it, I just had to issue

sudo mount -o remount,soft 10.43.1.134:/c/Servers /mnt/backups

All fixed. Everything umounted, all the errant processes received the notification that they were unwanted, load average immediately dropped back to sane levels... I'm only ever using "soft" in future again!

I actually thought you needed that to use hard-links on the mount point :-(


There are multiple reasons why this could happen. You can try out the following possibilities the next time the situation occurs (switch back to X with Ctrl+Alt+F7):

There might be a bug in your browser that somehow prevents all input from reaching any application. Try logging in and typing killall chromium (or killall firefox-bin).
Have you installed a browser plugin, such as Flash or Java? If so, take note of the
Your system could experience thrashing. When the problem occurs, what are the last three numbers outputted by uptime? What's the workload on CPU, memory, and disk? (You can find out with htop, which has to be installed, or the built-in top. Quit with Q).
There may be an error in the X.org server. Run tail /var/log/Xorg.0.log to see the end of Xorg's log.
There may be a kernel problem. Type dmesg and note the last lines.

In any case, you can try restarting X by executing sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart.


Everytime I've tried to make a bootable usb stick with Ubuntu 15.04 or later I get this error when I try to boot from it

There's a bug in ubuntu, it shipped with some faulty default parameters. Try pressing "tab" when you see this error, it will show you different boot options. Type the name of the option you want and press enter. Usually typing "live" and pressing enter works.

https://miteshshah.github.io/linux/ubuntu/how-to-create-a-bootable-ubuntu-usb/


"Add To favorites" does not works with appImages

In order to be able to "pin" any application, including an appimage, as a favorite, it needs to have a permanently installed launcher. A launcher is a text file with .desktop extension, placed in specific locations (~.local/share/applications, /usr/share/applications and others), that contains instructions for your desktop environment on how to run the application, what icon to use, etc.
Many appimages contain their own .desktop file and icons inside the .AppImage file. You typically need to edit so it correctly points to your appimage. Place it in the folder .local/share/applications, so it automatically will appear in Application overview. Alternatively, create your own .desktop file. A few appimages may automatically install a launcher on first run.
Finding and using .desktop file and icon provided by the application
In many cases, the appimage provides a .desktop file and icons. That will be included in the .AppImage file. That .AppImage file contains a file system that is mounted when the application is running.
To find these files, run the AppImage. This will cause the AppImage to be mounted in your file system. You can then access the application's files with your file manager.
For example:
‣ Run the AppImage. I take OpenShot-v2.5.1-x86_64.AppImage as an example.
‣ Run the mount command to see where the AppImage is mounted. For Openshot, I see
OpenShot-v2.5.1-x86_64.AppImage on /tmp/.mount_v87XIC type fuse.OpenShot-v2.5.1-x86_64.AppImage (ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000)

in the output of mount.
‣ Navigate in your file manager to, in this example, /tmp/.mount_v87XIC.

We find a org.openshot.OpenShot.desktop that we can copy and eventually edit to use as a launcher.
We find an Openshot icon (/tmp/.mount_v87XIC/usr/bin/openshot-qt.svg), that we can copy to ~/.local/share/icons to use as a sharp, scalable icon.


I had similar issue when upgrading from Ubuntu 19.10 to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.

Similar case when using Nvidia-prime, but with "On Demand" profile.
So in fact still using the Intel graphic card for the desktop.

Solution was to remove the xserver-xorg-video-intel driver which is discouraged for hardware from 2007 and newer. Better to uninstall this driver and let the system use its builtin modesetting driver instead.

This can be done by the following command:

sudo apt purge xserver-xorg-video-intel

I found this solution here:
Ubuntu 20.04 graphics driver problem

It's probably too late for the initial problem, but this may help other people.


Go through these commands one by one.

Uninstall old versions. Older versions of Docker were called docker, docker.io, or docker-engine. If these are installed, uninstall them by using:
sudo apt remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc docker-compose

Install docker engine
sudo apt install docker-compose

Add your user to docker group to be able to run commands without sudo
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

Log out and log back in for group persmission to take effect.

Verify that Docker Engine is installed correctly by running the hello-world image.
sudo docker run hello-world


How do I revert updates to get to a usable GUI

To Get a Terminal that isn't graphical:

Ctrl+Alt+F2

To kill Xorg all together while you troubleshoot, in the terminal window after login type

sudo systemctl stop gdm (GNOME/Unity)
sudo systemctl stop kdm (KDE)

To revert packages, see this Forum Post.  It may not be a package, so:
nano -w /var/log/XOrg.0.log to see if the last successful X Server completeted.