Can I make PDF the default for 'print to file'

You can install the cups-pdf package, add a new printer of the type "Generic CUPS-PDF Printer", and then make that the default printer.

I don't use this myself, so I am not sure if the quality of the PDFs that creates is different (for better or for worse) than what the "save to file" feature provides though.  (Maybe you can comment here on your experiences with it?)


Bind Windows key to xubuntu "Start Menu"

Go to the Application Shortcuts tab in the keyboard settings, create a new shortcut and copy the command that is triggered by Ctrl+Esc (the default shortcut for the Whisker Menu).

As of Xubuntu 16.04, the command you have to enter is xfce4-popup-whiskermenu:


You have to edit /etc/default/grub.
Please have a look at
https://arcanecode.com/2020/12/28/adjust-the-screen-resolution-of-an-ubuntu-hyper-v-virtual-machine/


How to get Calibri font to display nicely

MS-C fonts embedded bitmaps

Per comments to this answer, the most common problem with MS C-fonts (Cambria, Calibri...) is that they use embedded bitmaps. To change this disable them. Either in

~/.fonts.conf
or ~/.config/font-manager/local.conf in 14.04; Font Manager reserves the right to manage the ~/.fonts.conf file, thanks @Alain)
or ~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf (per @SpinUp and @Glutamine's comments)
you need to add this XML snippet:

<!-- disable embedded bitmaps in fonts to fix Calibri, Cambria, etc. -->
<match target="font">
   <edit mode="assign" name="embeddedbitmap"><bool>false</bool></edit>
</match>

Antialiasing toggle

You should be able if you toggle configs in /etc/fonts/conf.avail/, namely antialiasing, less so autohinting. How to do so: change the true to false in 10-antialias.conf or vice versa and you toggled the antialiasing and can see if it helps. Similarly for 10-autohinting.conf. This toggles the setting for all fonts AFAIR, so just take a look if it helps your case, you'll know if the problem is there or not.

Note: read-only file needs sudo to be modified (or needs to be made write-also prior to writing to it), so whatever your editor is (mine is vim), run it with sudo: sudo vim /etc/fonts/conf.avail/10-antialias.conf.

Cache rebuilding and font-stack changes

Also, oft-advised solution with fonts is rebuilding cache: sudo fc-cache -v -f. Especially if you made changes to font stack (installed new fonts, deleted, moved etc.).

Also, what does fc-match calibri display? Why I ask: in my case to display Calibri well, I had to fall back to DejaVu Sans, otherwise I had a missing ligatures problem: see my Calibri question here. I did that by deleting the Calibri regular font file (.ttf). So, for me, fc-match output is as follows:

➜  ~  fc-match calibri
DejaVuSans.ttf: "DejaVu Sans" "Book"


The command you want is:

cp -r /opt/biweb/app/* /dev/sdb1/

Don't forget the asterix (*)!  The above command will copy everything in the /app folder into the /sdb1 folder.

If you want to copy the app folder itself into the destination, then do:

cp -r /opt/biweb/app /dev/sdb1/

The above has no trailing slash after "app".  This will copy the app folder as well as its contents.


works fine :

user@pc:~$ cat geekfile.txt
unix
mal
lala
unix
oh
user@pc:~$ sed -i 's/unix/linux/' geekfile.txt
user@pc:~$ cat geekfile.txt
linux
mal
lala
linux
oh

just don't include the $ sign that's part of the terminal output, not part of the command.


How do I remove hundreds of automatically added network printers?

Using this command: lpstat -a we can see the installed printers and identify the name of the desired printer to keep, we can use the grep command also to filter the results like so: lpstat -a | grep <probable_name_of_printer>.

Then this little script can help:

Run this command to check that the desired printer is not listed:

lpstat -a | cut -d" " -f1 | sed -E '/<NAME_OF_PRINTER>/d' | grep <NAME_OF_PRINTER>

This should return nothing as it does the following:

lpstat -a: list installed printers
cut -d" " -f1: return only the names of the printers
sed -E '/<NAME_OF_PRINTER>/d': remove the name of the printer to keep from the output of the previous commands
grep <NAME_OF_PRINTER>: make sure the desired printer is not on the list

If the above checks out; then run this command to remove every other printer that you don't need:

sudo bash -c 'for i in $(lpstat -a | cut -d" " -f1 | sed -E '/<NAME_OF_PRINTER>/d'); do lpadmin -x "$i"; done'


How do I tell what's preventing sleep on Ubuntu? My box won't sleep automatically!

You need to find the inhibitors, a.k.a. which processes are preventing your suspend:

systemd-inhibit --list --mode=block

That will list the processes which do not "want to sleep"


Go into windows and check if it's booting in Legacy or UEFI mode. I just installed 18.04 as a dual boot to my windows 10 installation yesterday and it was a huge pain because Win10 was booting in Legacy.
To check Win10 boot mode execute:
Windows + R
"msinfo32.exe"
Look for the Bios mode, you should see these settings on your screen
Windows10 Example


Uninstalling dual boot Ubuntu 12.04 LTS with Windows 7

First Boot ubuntu. Go to Home folder. Right click in window. Select Properties. Note total Size. That's your Ubuntu drive's size. Boot with windows , Go to disk management. Your Ubuntu drive will be about 6 GB less than original size than you noted.


Temporary Admin Status for System Maintenance on User Account

I believe it is possible to change your sudo password so it is different from your login, but I don't know how much it will help. Maybe a better option would be to limit the types of commands you can use sudo with. I know that is possible, look into the sudoers file for a listing of what users can use sudo with which commands


Frutiger isn't a free font and so (as far as I know) isn't included in any Ubuntu packages, nor can you use ttf-mscorefonts-installer (which johanvdw alluded to) to install it.

If you can get your hands on a copy of the font, installing it is really easy. If only you want to use it, just copy the files (they'll usually be .ttf or .otf files) into the .fonts folder in your home directory. If the folder doesn't exist yet, just go ahead and create it. Or just follow these directions:

How do I install fonts?

If you have multiple accounts on your computer and want everybody to be able to use the font, you'll need to copy the files to /usr/share/fonts/truetype/. You'll probably need root privileges to do this (try running sudo nautilus).

Alternatively, you might want to try Bitstream Vera; it's a high-quality free font, very similar to Frutiger. Just install the ttf-bitstream-vera package.


What to do so that issue.net shows readable banner characters to chinese russian french ssh users

It is not possible for the banner to have non-ASCII characters. ssh filters non-ascii characters and prints them as octal text. This is done for security reasons, to prevent attacks on the client by sending terminal control characters.


This was caused by Google Chrome remote desktop application for Ubuntu. Removing it fixes all those issues.


Error missing binary operator while preprocessor compiling C program

The current default version of gcc for 18.04 is 7.4, not 7.5. Run find /usr/include/ -name "stdio.h". The results should include /usr/include/stdio.h and be similar but not necessarily identical to this:

$ find /usr/include/ -name "stdio.h"
/usr/include/bsd/stdio.h
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio.h
/usr/include/stdio.h
/usr/include/c++/7/tr1/stdio.h
/usr/include/c++/8/tr1/stdio.h

If no results are returned run the following command:

sudo apt install --reinstall gcc build-essential


20.04 retains older 4.15 kernel and radeon drivers. How to upgrade from there?

The issue was implicitly resolved with the upgrade to 20.04.1, which introduced a newer kernel version. This will likely not help anyone stuck in that state, but on the other hand this likely will no longer occur with 20.04.01 out.


Disable overview of all applications when opening application launcher

Your direct request, have the search box appear on your desktop without switching to the overview, will not be possible at this time without editing source code. An extension that does that is not currently existing.

To quickly launch an application without leaving your current desktop view, you may consider some alternative ways.

1) Use an alternative keyboard launcher such as Albert, ULauncher or Synapse.

2) Use a Gnome Shell extension that provides a searchable application menu that pops out of your top bar, such as Arc Menu or Gno-menu.


Xubuntu 20.04: cannot login into my account!

Can you tell here what actions your PC was doing during the loss of WiFi-connection ?
If connection is lost during an upgrade, then sometimes the keyboard definition falls back to US-international lay out.
So my advice: try to enter your password as if your keyboard was a US-international. Hopes this helps...

From your question i assume you only have ONE account created in this Xubuntu-installation. Otherwise: try to log in using the other login-account you created. Is this possible ?

Can you log in using the guest account ?

Wim


Changing ubuntu one installation folder in windows

Try to change the Ubuntu One installation folder and run this command on cmd:

mklink /D {old ubuntu one path} {new ubuntu one path}


Breaking boot-up Raid 1 array into two independent drives

There's not much to this.

You simply wait until your array is fully synced
Shutdown, remove whatever pair you want and stuff that in the new system
Boot both systems, each will have a degraded RAID1 with the same uuid
Add a slave and resync
Done

You'll want to change the array UUID on the new system and update the mdadm.conf to auto assemble. There's plenty of documentation to do this in the man page and the linux raid wiki.

Do not mix those disks between the two systems, especially if you didn't change the UUID. MD will take the one that appears to have the most up to date data and resync from that, potentially destroying your system.


Error "System is running in low graphics mode" solved only partially

Make sure the update runs to remove the previous repositories then:

sudo apt-get update

This will only download gdm to our archive, make sure the operation completes
 correctly before moving to the next step:

sudo apt-get -d install --reinstall gdm

When the package is being removed go ahead and stop xserver as the prompts says, then:

sudo apt-get remove --purge gdm

Now we have the new gdm installed with a new configuration, next we need to
 get rid of xgl and the associated files:

sudo apt-get install gdm

Then install the following:

sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xgl compiz compiz-plugins compiz-core compiz-manager csm cgwd cgwd-themes

And

sudo apt-get install --reinstall compiz compiz-core compiz-fusion-plugins-extra compiz-fusion-plugins-main compiz-gnome compiz-plugins libcompizconfig0

Remove the existing xorg using the following command

sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg

Install xorg using the following command

 sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg

Choose the driver 'ati' and when you get to monitor resolution choose the resolution you want to run and any resolution ABOVE that resolution should be removed. Once that is done issue the following:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg
sudo reboot


Pepper flash plugin is installed but it doesn't appear in the plugin section in chromium on ubuntu 12.04

Have you tried to do this in the terminal:

 sudo apt-get install pepper teacup
 sudo apt-get install flash-plugin-installer
 sudo apt-get install --reinstall chromium firefox

and it might work fine this way.


How To Consolidate Multiple MOK Keys Or Delete Unnecessary Ones?

I used mokutil --list-enrolled to see which keys were in use. There is a key I created, one key for Code Signing by Ubuntu and an Ubuntu CA key.

Since Acronis is running and they key it created isn't being used, I removed `/var/lib/sb/MOK.*

Then I ran mokutil --export which gave me the 3 keys. Running a diff on those 3 keys exported against the der files present on my machine, I found out that key #1 is /root/keyfiles/MOK.der and key #2 is /var/lib/shim-signed/mok/MOK.der. So I encrypted /var/lib/shim-signed/mok/MOK.gpg.

I ended up with 2 pairs, one I created, one Ubuntu created. I will leave them as is.

I hope the enrollment screen doesn't come up again for the deleted Acronis key.

As far as when does it ask to enroll another key, the answer is somewhere in here. I didn't dive into it.

PS: This answer was very helpful.


Max resolution of Intel 8th gen Integrated graphics undetected by Ubuntu 16.04

This has been resolved by switching to an alpha-supported version of the intel driver (hopefully full/standard support coming soon or in the next LTS versions, but I guess this is what we have now for 16.04). It also solved the display looking slightly fuzzy and made resuming from system suspend work.

Follow the exact steps here to accomplish the same, and hope this alpha support doesn't hurt you elsewhere. Actually they note there, that 17.04 is equally lacking default support.

One reason more to never buy the latest intel CPU generation.


Kernel module needs to be reloaded after boot

I fixed the problem by putting following lines into /etc/rc.local

/sbin/modprobe -r psmouse
/sbin/modprobe psmouse

Now Multitouch works.


Can I add a boot entry for windows manually in grub2 for the described situation?

GRUB cannot boot a Windows kernel directly; GRUB can only chainload to the Windows boot loader. Fortunately, recovery disc images for Windows are readily available for download. Check Microsoft's site. (I don't have a specific URL handy, unfortunately.) After you recover the Windows boot loader, it will probably be set as the default. You can fix this in Windows as follows:

Launch an Administrator Command Prompt window by right-clicking the Command Prompt icon and selecting the option to run it as Administrator.
Type bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi. (If Secure Boot is disabled, grubx64.efi will work as well as shimx64.efi, but shimx64.efi usually works even if Secure Boot is disabled and so is a safer option.)
Reboot.

Once you've got everything working, I strongly recommend you back up your EFI System Partition (ESP; partition #2 in your case). The ESP is usually mounted at /boot/efi in Ubuntu, and a file-level backup is fine, so you can back it up with cp, tar, zip, or similar tools. With a backup, you'll be able to restore it easily in case this problem crops up again.


Analog audio recognized by ALSA, but not by PulseAudio

Fixed it on my box.  I think there's something wrong with pulse audio and the sound card (maybe problems with an updated driver) or maybe something with the pavucontrol application.  Either way, I had to tell PulseAudio to stop looking for my sound card and just play everything through Alsa.

I ran aplay -l | grep card to find the specific sound card I wanted, then I edited /etc/pulse/default.pa and added a line load-module module-alsa-sink device=hw:0,0 where the 'hw:0,0' corresponds to the card found in the aplay -l command.  Restart PulseAudio or reboot the system and give it a shot.

Note: I noticed Pulse doesn't recognize my built-in webcam or the audio at the moment either.  sigh


Connecting to Apple Airport Time Capsule: Got error "kFPAuthContinue" from server

my solution was to mount the drive from the shell as root using :

mount //IPADDROFCAPSULE/Data /media/capsule -o username=jeff,sec=ntlm,uid=jeff

notes :

username=jeff : jeff is the name setup on the account on the time capsule (using airport utility on an iphone)
uid=jeff : jeff is my logon name in linux
IPADDROFCAPSULE : put in your I.P. address of the capsule
Data is the name of the drive as set in airport utility
/media/capsule is a mount point of own choosing - make the directory first of course

I'm using Fedora, but I expect this will work the same on ubuntu, etc., if you use sudo where you cannot log in as root

Found the answer here : http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2118108

They show :

sudo mount.cifs //IP_ADDRESS/Data ~/capsule -o password=CAPSULE_PASSWORD,sec=ntlm,uid=LOCAL_USERNAME

and I think this works if instead of accounts in airport utility you set a password on the drive itself. Or it's that this user had an account on the time capsule with the same name as the LOCAL_USERNAME.

But my line above works for me!


Icons in Dash show up in weird colors. OpenGL Issue?

I installed 13.04 over the old OS and the problem disappeared (but I kept the configuration files in /home). Seems to be a graphics drivers issue.


What if I install a 64bit version of ubuntu/kubuntu with less than 4 GB of ram?

The minimum requirements for installing Ubuntu and its derivatives (including Kubuntu) are:

700 MHz processor
512 MB RAM
5GB Hard Drive

You should be able to successfully install and run Kubuntu on your hardware.

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements for more details.


After installing Windows 8 next to Ubuntu, I can only boot 8

Try boot-repair,it would be the best option for repairing your grub.For this,you have to boot ubuntu-live disk or usb,and select try ubuntu.
A desktop like screen appears,press ctrl+alt+t,it would open up a terminal.Then run the below commands to install bootrepair,

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)

After running the above commands,a boot-repair window will appears.Select Recommended Repair option.After successfull completion,restart your pc.Now it works.


Built-in speakers of Thinkpad X1 Carbon don't change volume with Ubuntu 18 and 19

As suggested in a comment to the question, a solution is to follow the patches about audio on Thinkpad X1 Carbon 7th gen. suggested in the Arch Wiki: configure Ubuntu to 4.0 audio output (instead of 2.0); edit /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-output.conf.common by adding the following above [Element PCM]:

[Element Master]
switch = mute
volume = ignore

Then reboot.


I guess your modem is EC1260.

I had the same problem with Ubuntu 13.04, here's how I solved it -

Check the 'lsusb' output -

$ lsusb
If your modem is not isted as something like this -

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. EC1260 Wireless Data Modem HSD USB Card

It means that usb-modeswitch is not working.
To fix it I cooked up a simple script -

copy the config tar to /tmp for extraction -

cp /usr/share/usb_modeswitch/configPack.tar.gz /tmp

unzip it

gunzip configPack.tar.gz

extract the tar

tar xvf configPack.tar

copy to required directory

sudo cp 12d1:1446 /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/

finally execute usb_modeswitch.

sudo usb_modeswitch -I -W -D -s 5 -c /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/12d1:1446 -u -1   -v 12d1 -p 1446

If it fails try again (usually works the second time). And even after this it doesn't works then it might be a bug please report it


Enable remote desktop (screen sharing) on ethernet while WiFi is connected to internet

In the same situation (win 10 & Ubuntu 18.04 I had to change the default value in dconf-editor

gsettings set org.gnome.Vino require-encryption false

and checked

gsettings get org.gnome.Vino enabled

In my PC it was 'No such key “enabled”. If false run:

gsettings set org.gnome.Vino enabled true


How to Drag and Drop files to open application?

Encouraging update (Nov 2020) after waiting since 2012 (!), see also github-comment from 2015:
vadikom presented an approach to get it working with the GNOME extension Dash-to-Dock (tested on Ubuntu 20.04 and Pop!_OS). Please test it and comment!
If you would like to test it:

Find and backup the following file: ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/dash-to-dock@micxgx.gmail.com/dash.js
Make a copy of the file dash.js
Open the file dash.js with a text editor and replace the content with the text from the Github User Content.
Hit alt + F2, type r and hit Enter to reload GNOME shell.

For some known issues and thoughts see vadikom's post.
Source code on the fork of Dash-to-Dock.
A short video about how it looks like.
Apart from that there are two ways of one inconvenient possibility (see comment below):

Left-click on the file, hold it, press the keys alt and press as many times the key tab to navigate to the window you want to drag the file to (while still holding the left-click), release alt when the right application window is chosen and drag the file to the desired place to drop. (This is difficult on a laptop while using the touch pad, though, easier with a mouse.)
If you click on alt & tab and hold alt (as well as the left-click on the file, the overview of all opened windows/apps will open and you can move the cursor over the appropriate window and finally release the file there when the windows is opened (Thanks fcole90).
With Nautilus, it looks like this only works if the files are in list view not icon view!

For some it works without the keyboard, but just the mouse or touchpad or whatever you use to move your cursor. You drag the element to the bar, this triggers the overview window, you then drag the item to the window you want, then the window get focus, finally release your item.
Kyriakos Loizou suggests the same behaviour but with left-click on the file [I have to drag the file to the Dash to Dock] and then click & hold the super (while still holding the left-click). This triggers the overview window, you then drag the item to the window you want, then the window get focus, finally release your item.
There is also a bugzilla-report. Maybe we can all subscribe to this bugzilla-thread and the github-thread to show the support for it and please contribute or comment** with your reaction (smiley, thumb up, ...). I think this feature is crucial for Ubuntu and without it a real pain.


Shell script runs well when triggered via terminal but not working as a cron

recordmydesktop records the X-session it is started in.

Processes started from crontab don't have an X-session.


Brief tty screen before boot login screen shows up

There's nothing wrong with your installation, this is normal.
As far as I know, there is no way to get rid of the brief message. But it's harmless.


Cannot create new folders - Ubuntu on VirtualBox

Everything is fine with your installation. It is how it is supposed to be.

Ubuntu protects you from doing things that may be not such a good idea by allowing possibly dangerous actions only to the super user (su...do)  "root" who has administrative permission. Creating files or folders outside of our home directory is one of those tasks. Installing software would be another example of what only a super user can do (this effectively keeps malware out).

As previous answers already showed it can very easily be done. Nevertheless I suggest you wait a bit, get familiar with the Ubuntu way of doing things, and you will find out that indeed creating files and folders outside our home directories is almost never needed.

By doing so Ubuntu will reward you with the joy of having a stable and easy to maintain system where everything stays at the place its supposed to be.


How do I disinfect Ubuntu that is running a virus?

/proc is a virtual filesystem; it's supposed to have a whole bunch of stuff in it that cannot even be deleted as root. It contains folders that represent each process that is running in the system, and various other files to provide other information from the kernel. The files in /proc don't correspond to anything on the disk; for the most part the action of deletion wouldn't make sense; it wouldn't correspond to any specific action that can be taken on the processes and other structures represented.

Here's my, normal /proc:

ek@Kip:~$ ls -l /proc
total 0
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 02:15 1
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 10
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Apr  1 20:28 10204
dr-xr-xr-x  8 messagebus messagebus          0 Apr  2 09:56 1094
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1119
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1120
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 11231
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1127
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11396
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11398
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11399
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11400
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11404
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11428
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11436
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11461
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11481
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11489
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1150
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11510
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11518
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11536
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1155
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11550
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11557
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11564
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11609
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11627
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:29 11646
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:30 11688
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:30 11696
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1171
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1172
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1175
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 21:30 11811
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1183
dr-xr-xr-x  8 avahi      avahi               0 Apr  2 09:56 1184
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1185
dr-xr-xr-x  8 avahi      avahi               0 Apr  2 09:56 1188
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1190
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1191
dr-xr-xr-x  8 daemon     daemon              0 Apr  2 09:56 1192
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 12
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Apr  2 01:25 12174
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1224
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1232
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1248
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1251
dr-xr-xr-x  8 whoopsie   whoopsie            0 Apr  2 09:56 1272
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 13
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1314
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 22 07:50 13357
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 13643
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 14
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1477
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1495
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 15
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 15968
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 15969
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 15970
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 15971
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 15981
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 15982
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 15983
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 15984
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 16
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Apr  2 03:35 16019
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1610
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1660
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1664
dr-xr-xr-x  8 nobody     dip                 0 Apr  2 09:56 1667
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Apr  2 04:09 16987
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:00 17930
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 18
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:00 18046
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Apr  2 09:01 18098
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:15 18196
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:23 18245
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:23 18287
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 1856
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Apr  2 09:49 18659
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 19
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 10:38 19096
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 10:45 19188
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:00 19262
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 19298
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Apr  2 11:06 19315
dr-xr-xr-x  8 colord     colord              0 Mar 21 06:52 1992
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 2
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 20
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 2006
dr-xr-xr-x  8 rtkit      rtkit               0 Apr  2 09:56 2065
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 21
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ntp        ntp                 0 Mar 21 06:53 2101
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 214
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2161
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2172
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 22
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:55 2215
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2218
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:55 2219
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2230
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2234
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2243
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2249
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 225
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 29 09:39 22514
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2256
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2257
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2258
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2260
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2264
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2268
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2271
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2275
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2278
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2280
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2287
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Mar 21 06:53 2290
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 23
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2303
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2305
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2307
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2311
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2317
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2331
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2335
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2346
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2348
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2357
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2372
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 24
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2425
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Apr  2 01:25 24576
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:53 2461
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 29 13:56 25198
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:54 2528
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:55 2588
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 26
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 2603
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 2679
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 2680
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 27
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 2700
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 2701
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 06:54 2727
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 07:34 27582
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 07:34 27588
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 08:23 27926
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 28
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 09:01 28249
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 29 14:44 28271
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 283
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 284
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 29 15:17 28655
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 28823
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 10:17 28948
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 29
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 10:17 29039
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 26 09:30 29937
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 3
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 30
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 28 10:09 303
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 22 12:37 30649
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 31 17:23 30701
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 29 18:48 30781
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 31
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 32
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Mar 21 07:00 3492
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 374
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 376
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 380
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 40
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 44
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 45
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 6
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 64
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 680
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 687
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 688
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 7
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Apr  1 14:32 7216
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         utmp                0 Apr  1 14:32 7220
dr-xr-xr-x  8 ek         ek                  0 Apr  1 14:32 7221
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 725
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 734
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 757
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 764
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 8
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 814
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 883
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 884
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 09:56 951
dr-xr-xr-x  8 syslog     syslog              0 Apr  2 09:56 987
dr-xr-xr-x  5 root       root                0 Mar 21 06:52 acpi
dr-xr-xr-x  5 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 asound
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 buddyinfo
dr-xr-xr-x  4 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 bus
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 cgroups
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 cmdline
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 consoles
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 cpuinfo
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 crypto
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 devices
dr-xr-xr-x  2 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 device-tree
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 diskstats
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 dma
dr-xr-xr-x  3 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 dri
dr-xr-xr-x  2 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 driver
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 execdomains
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 fb
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 filesystems
dr-xr-xr-x  8 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 fs
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Mar 21 06:53 interrupts
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 iomem
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 ioports
dr-xr-xr-x 28 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 irq
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 kallsyms
-r--------  1 root       root       1065349120 Apr  2 11:06 kcore
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 key-users
-r--------  1 root       root                0 Mar 21 06:52 kmsg
-r--------  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 kpagecount
-r--------  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 kpageflags
-rw-r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 latency_stats
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 loadavg
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 locks
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 mdstat
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 meminfo
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 misc
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 modules
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root       root               11 Apr  2 11:06 mounts -> self/mounts
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 mtd
-rw-r--r--  1 root       root                0 Mar 21 06:52 mtrr
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root       root                8 Apr  2 11:06 net -> self/net
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 pagetypeinfo
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 partitions
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 sched_debug
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 schedstat
dr-xr-xr-x  4 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 scsi
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root       root               64 Mar 24 08:06 self -> 19315
-r--------  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 slabinfo
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 softirqs
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 stat
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Mar 21 06:53 swaps
dr-xr-xr-x  1 root       root                0 Mar 21 02:52 sys
--w-------  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 sysrq-trigger
dr-xr-xr-x  2 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 sysvipc
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 timer_list
-rw-r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 timer_stats
dr-xr-xr-x  4 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 tty
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 uptime
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 version
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 version_signature
-r--------  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 vmallocinfo
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 vmstat
-r--r--r--  1 root       root                0 Apr  2 11:06 zoneinfo

Yours should have similar files and directories in it. You'll notice all the folders with numbers as their names. I'm guessing these are what you're calling "rubbish directories." Far from it--each one represents a process currently running on the system; you can even go into it (if you own the process or are root) and examine information about the process.


How to go straight to Windows 10 without GRUB

You can run the Grub Customizer program you have installed with Grub itself.

You can find it in your apps


Update - What is the quickest way to get to System Update?

If you are using Unity, when Update Manager is open, right click; lock to panel.  You can also schedule updates to happen semi automatically in update settings.
This will not save bandwidth though, you will use what you use, maybe change the schedule in update settings to notify only, then you will have greater control.

I hope this helps.


Redirect the output to a file e.g.

bitcoind >~/bitcoind_output.txt 2>&1

This will put the output in a file in your home directory called bitcoind_output.txt


you should've kept this to your original post: Suspend only works once on Toshiba Satellite take a look at this post: Closing lid does not suspend laptop


How to replace tabs for spaces in gedit?

To do that you just need to use the replace form and search for: \t (backslash followed by t) then replace it with four spaces.

Source


I'd recommend a hardware switch for your monitors, where you can switch between "One cable to Windows, one to Ubuntu" and "Two cables to Ubuntu" by pressing a button and not physically moving cables. English isn't my primary language so I'm not sure what they are called, but most computer stores should have them available, it's basically just a box with a bunch of VGA/DVI connectors and buttons for different "modes".


How to create a new category in the GNOME menu?

Need to write an XML .menu file to be installed in /etc/xdg/menus/applications-merged/

Example /etc/xdg/menus/applications-merged/hamradio.menu

<!DOCTYPE Menu PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD Menu 1.0//EN"
 "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/menu-spec/1.0/menu.dtd">
<Menu>
  <Name>Applications</Name>
  <Menu>
    <Name>Hamradio</Name>
    <Directory>HamRadio.directory</Directory>
    <Include>
        <Category>HamRadio</Category>
    </Include>
  </Menu> <!-- End hamradio -->
</Menu>

A .directory file to be install in /usr/share/desktop-directories/

Example /usr/share/desktop-directories/HamRadio.directory ([...] I removed some lines)

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Directory
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Hamradio
Name[bg]=Любителско радио
Name[ca]=Radioaficionat
Name[cs]=Amatérské rádio
[...]
Name[vi]=Truyền thành tài tử
Name[zh_CN]=业余无线电
Name[zh_TW]=業餘無線電
Icon=CQ.png

Add category to Categories= in application .desktop file and should be install in /usr/share/applications/

Reference: Freedesktop Menu Specification


Run the below command on terminal to update libre-office,

sudo apt-get install libreoffice


Why does archive.ubuntu.com seem to have infinitely nested "ubuntu" folders?

Neither. That's just the effect of a symbolic link that points to the current directory:

$ mkdir foo
$ ln -s . foo/foo
$ ls foo
foo
$ ls foo/foo
foo
$ ls foo/foo/foo
foo

It's purely for convenience of mirroring. Say we have a mirror http://my-mirror.com. It does not have to make a top-level ubuntu directory; it can simply mirror archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu. Then, if you need to switch mirrors in /etc/apt/sources.list, you can directly swap archive.ubuntu.com with my-mirror.com.


How do you set the title of the active gnome-terminal from the command line?

The following will set the terminal's title to "New terminal title":

echo -en "\033]0;New terminal title\a"

You will probably also have to change the environment variable PS1, first though, otherwise your changes won't show up because it will reset the title after each command. The default .bashrc that ships with Ubuntu contains the following line:

PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"

... the "\e]0;" code tells it to write everything up to the "\a" in both the title and icon-name properties. You need to remove that and set it to something like this (i.e. without the \e]0; code):

PS1="${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h \w\a$ "

Then any changes that you make with the above echo command will change the terminal title. If you're going to use this a lot, you can throw it into a function in your ~/.bashrc file:

set_term_title(){
   echo -en "\033]0;$1\a"
}

Then you can just set the title to "kittens" from the command line by doing:

set_term_title kittens

(You have to restart bash though after editing .bashrc, for your changes to take effect)


Script misbehaving with scheduled using "at"

Jos' answer was a correct solution.  "Your command chromium-browser runs in a shell but needs a graphical display. You don't specify one, whereas you may have many. Your default display is called :0. You also need to specify the full path to each executable. Try replacing the command by DISPLAY=:0 /usr/bin/chromium-browser $string."


Once authenticated once, passwords are cached in lightdm

we've realized it is a GID conflict. We have an LDAP group with GID 112, which happens to be the GID of the nopasswdlogin group at least in Precise. We'll be migrating that LDAP group to another GID. This is just an FYI if others see this behavior by chance. I can't close this for another few hours.


what is the difference between these two methods of upgrading ubuntu

The difference is one of "Clean Installation" vs. "In Place Upgrade"

A "clean installation" will indeed put the given version of Ubuntu on the ISO onto the system.  But in doing so, it will overwrite the previous version, so you have to back up your data ahead of time and reload it.

An "upgrade in place" is exactly that.  It will upgrade the current OS files to the next version of Ubuntu.  However, this poses the risk of package breakage during the upgrade, and that can be problematic.  You should be backing up your data for this method too.

Typically, the "clean installation" has lesser of a chance of package breakage.


Will 14.04 be able to run on an Intel I5 Haswell Processor (Nvidia 750ti, and 8gb of ram)?

For pre-built systems Ubuntu has a Certification Program. For custom-built systems, there really isn't a foolproof way to check other than installing it and seeing if it works. That being said, Ubuntu works out of the box with no extra work required on probably 80% of systems I've installed it on.

For best performance in applications requiring 3D hardware acceleration (i.e. gaming) using nVidia cards it is a good idea to install the official closed-source nVidia drivers as described here. The default in Ubuntu are the open source nouveau drivers, which while perfectly fine for general work, only provide 2D acceleration and thus are not adequate for recent computer games.

If you have a card with nVidia Optimus (aka Hybrid Graphics), this can lead to some problems, but most people find bumblebee to be a good solution.

If you encounter any problems while using "Try Ubuntu" from Live Media or after installation, come back and search for/ask another question. Welcome to Ubuntu!


How can I set a static IP for juju machines?

modifed /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml (shown below), not sure if this is the right way to do it but communications still work between machines.
juju status shows wrong dns entries/public address for a while but eventually updates.

# This file is generated from information provided by
# the datasource.  Changes to it will not persist across an instance.
# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
    version: 2
    ethernets:
        ens192:
            match:
                macaddress: <mac>
            set-name: ens192
            addresses:
              - 192.168.1.10/24
            gateway4: 192.168.1.1
            nameservers:
                search: [<domain>]
                addresses: [192.168.1.2,192.168.1.3]


Same issue here look!

http://www.nvidia.com/download/driverResults.aspx/114232/en-us

Known Issues with this release:
* Resuming from suspend may not be reliable on GeForce GTX 9xx boards in some configurations.

Note that many Linux distributions provide their own packages of the NVIDIA Linux Graphics Driver in the distribution's native package management format. This may interact better with the rest of your distribution's framework, and you may want to use this rather than NVIDIA's official package.

Also note that SuSE users should read the SuSE NVIDIA Installer HOWTO before downloading the driver.

Installation instructions: Once you have downloaded the driver, change to the directory containing the driver package and install the driver by running, as root, sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-378.09.run

One of the last installation steps will offer to update your X configuration file. Either accept that offer, edit your X configuration file manually so that the NVIDIA X driver will be used, or run nvidia-xconfig

Note that the list of supported GPU products is provided to indicate which GPUs are supported by a particular driver version. Some designs incorporating supported GPUs may not be compatible with the NVIDIA Linux driver: in particular, notebook and all-in-one desktop designs with switchable (hybrid) or Optimus graphics will not work if means to disable the integrated graphics in hardware are not available. Hardware designs will vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, so please consult with a system's manufacturer to determine whether that particular system is compatible.


How can I activate info: links in Konqueror

This seems to be a bug (see: https://bugs.kde.org/359015). It appears to have been fixed upstream, but not in Ubuntu (at least not in 16.04).

The fix (present in the above bug report) consists of changing two lines in a perl script (/usr/share/kde4/apps/kio_info/kde-info2html), so it can be easily applied manually. In patch format:

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
        next if $looking && !/\* Menu/;
        $looking = 0;
        my @item = &ParseMenuItem($_,'dir');
-       if (!defined(@item)) { next }
+       if (!@item) { next }
            my ($MenuLinkTag, $MenuLinkFile, $MenuLinkRef, $MenuLinkText) = @item;
        if ($MenuLinkRef eq $FileName) {
            &Redirect($MenuLinkFile, $MenuLinkTag);
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@
 sub MenuItem2HTML {
     my ($Line, $BaseInfoFile) = @_;
     my @parse_results = &ParseMenuItem($Line, $BaseInfoFile);
-    if (!defined (@parse_results)) { return $Line; }
+    if (!@parse_results) { return $Line; }
     my ($MenuLinkTag, $MenuLinkFile, $MenuLinkRef, $MenuLinkText) = @parse_results;
     #-- produce a HTML line
     return "

$MenuLinkRef
	$MenuLinkText";


Will using the GNOME 3 PPA in 11.10 break Unity?

The PPA description clearly answers your question:

  This PPA is EXPERIMENTAL and MAY BREAK YOUR SYSTEM. There is no downgrade process.


13.04 64-bit install not enough disk space

If you increased the size of the virtual disk after installing, then you need to enlarge the partition to use the new space.  Boot the vm from the install/live cd, and fire up gparted, and resize the partition to use the free space at the end.


keyboard-setup.service taking too long in startup (20+sec)

@hector-muñoz-h's answer works, but it is not the right way. You should not edit distro files.

This is the right way:

FIXSERVICE="keyboard-setup.service"
mkdir -p "/etc/systemd/system/${FIXSERVICE}.d"
echo -e "[Service]\nTimeoutStartSec=10" > "/etc/systemd/system/${FIXSERVICE}.d/reduce-timeout.conf"

You can also use systemctl edit keyboard-setup.service and paste in the editor:

[Service]
TimeoutStartSec=10

Then save & quit the editor.


How can I specify "fit to page" when printing on the command line with lpr?

Old thread, but the option -o fit-to-page works.


How to install GTK+ "clearlooks" and "murrine" to fix this problem on Ubuntu with MATE?

As most people may already know Mate is a port of the old Gnome 2.3xx series of desktops. As such it still relies on a lot of gtk-2 libraries. However work is on going to get gtk-3 working under the Mate desktop. And here in lays the problem because now the gtk themes folder has been moved. Because the older packages were not updated to reflect this change you  get a breakage of sorts.  There is a work around, But I don't know how long it will continue to work, and it varies depending on whether you have a 32 or 64 bit system. So I will try to help here, But this is not for the faint of heart as you need root privileges to make any of these changes. So caution is necessary as a mistake could render a system unstable or unusable. So if you are comfortable with root then here goes:

on a 32 bit system:
open a terminal and type: sudo caja
enter your password when ask, now you should have caja running in root mode.
Go to View and click Extra Pane, caja should now show a split file manager  allowing you to view two different folders at once.
In one pane navigate to /usr/lib/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/engines
In the other pane navigate to /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/engines
In the pane showing  /usr/lib/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/engines  select all of the files right click and select copy from the menu.
In the pane showing  /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/engines right click and select paste from the menu. Skip any duplicates that may show up.
Close caja and close the terminal, your themes should now work as intended.

on a 64 bit system:
open a terminal and type: sudo caja
enter your password when ask, now you should have caja running in root mode.
Go to View and click Extra Pane, caja should now show a split file manager  allowing you to view two different folders at once.
In one pane navigate to /usr/lib/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/engines
In the other pane navigate to /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/engines
In the pane showing  /usr/lib/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/engines  select all of the files right click and select copy from the menu.
In the pane showing /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/engines right click and select paste from the menu. Skip any duplicates that may show up.
Close caja and close the terminal, your themes should now work as intended.


How to avoid "FrameBuffer" error in Ubuntu Touch Emulator?

Here are four options are suggested.

1. Temporary disable framebuffer in GRUB boot menu

Making this change will have no impact on your installed system and is to be considered safe. If you reboot your system this change will disappear. It is temporary.

Start your computer normally and after a few seconds you will see the GRUB boot loader menu.

Start your computer normally and after a few seconds you will see the GRUB boot loader menu.

With the use of the arrow keys, highlight the title of your choice you want to edit (the first Ubuntu entry should be ok) and press "e" to go to the entry editor interface. You will now see the boot entries for the title you selected.
Highlight, again with the use of the arrow keys, the line that say "kernel" and press "e" to edit that line.
Add, without the quotes " vga=normal nomodeset" and press the enter key to go out of edit mode.
Press the "b" key to boot your system.

Note: To cancel your changes press the Escape key until the main menu appear.

2. Permanently disable framebuffer in GRUB config file

See "Setting different framebuffer resolutions in GRUB" below.

3. Disable the framebuffer in CMOS/BIOS
Making this change will have no impact on your installed system. However, the change will remain until you change the setting back.

This wiki will not go into the details of this option for a very simple reason; many systems have different BIOS and versions of it. How you enter your BIOS and where to make the change can differ quite alot.

Enter your BIOS
Find the framebuffer reference and disable it
Save your settings and reboot the system
Boot your Ubuntu system normally

4. Disable framebuffer at install time

When installing your Ubuntu system, you can tell the Ubuntu installer not to use the framebuffer. Type F6 at the Start Menu then add without the quotes "vga=711" and press the enter key.

Setting different framebuffer resolutions in old versions of GRUB

note: Modern versions of GRUB build their configuration files from pieces kept under /etc/grub.d/ and in the parameter file /etc/default/grub. To make changes to modern GRUB, you will need to learn how to make changes to the /etc/default/grub file, and then run update-grub to create the new GRUB configuration file /boot/grub/grub.cfg. The changes described below to menu.lst only work for older versions of GRUB.

In the configuration file for GRUB /boot/grub/menu.lst you can set a different resolution for, or disable, the framebuffer.

The option you must add to the "kernel ..." row for your selected menu item is "vga=value" (without the quotes).

adding "vga=normal" or "nofb" to the kernel line disables the framebuffer
if "nofb" does not help, try "nomodeset" to disable kernel mode setting
adding "vga=ask" will enable you to set a value at each boot - good for testing out the various modes.

So, to disable the framebuffer, enter "vga=normal", or "nofb" to the kernel line of the active kernel that you are using in menu.lst and then reboot. You will need to re-edit the menu.lst file every time you update the kernel version or GRUB itself. These changes will disable the framebuffer for ONLY this specific GRUB entry; to disable them for all kernels see below.

Example (old versions of GRUB only):

title           Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.15-20-386
root            (hd0,4)
kernel          /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.15-20-386 root=/dev/hda5 ro nofb
initrd          /boot/initrd.img-2.6.15-20-386
savedefault
boot

For other resolutions, here is a list:

Colour depth        640x480     800x600     1024x768    1280x1024   1400x1050   1600x1200
8  (256)        769     771     773     775
15 (32K)        784     787     790     793
16 (65K)        785     788     791     794     834     884
24 (16M)        786     789     792     795

So, to use the framebuffer with 16 bit colour depth at a resolution of 1024x768 you would add "vga=791" (again without quotes) to the kernel line (the active kernel that you are using - you will need to re-edit menu.lst every time you update the kernel version). Example:

title           Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.15-20-386
root            (hd0,4)
kernel          /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.15-20-386 root=/dev/hda5 ro vga=791
initrd          /boot/initrd.img-2.6.15-20-386
savedefault
boot

Simply Disabling the Framebuffer in the menu.lst file for all kernels

One can alter the menu.lst file to disable the framebuffer for all kernels, and all new kernels. Edit the /boot/grub/menu.lst file with whatever editor you prefer, with sudo rights. Be sure to backup your original just in case you really mess things up.

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst  /boot/grub/menu.list.backup_date
sudo nano /boot/grub/menu.lst

We are interested in the following lines. The Last Line is the one that needs to be changed. Note that unlike other config files 2 comments ## marks are actually a comment for Grub and the update-grub command. One # is just a comment for grub, but IS a configuration line for the update-grub command. Be very careful to leave the # of #'s correct.

## additional options to use with the default boot option, but not with the
## alternatives
## e.g. defoptions=vga=791 resume=/dev/hda5
## The following Line is the default for all kernels. Yours may vary the nofb option disables the framebuffer
## the nosplash option also disables the fancy splash screen. You may want to disable this to allow easier troubleshooting of the system
# defoptions=quiet nosplash nofb

Once the last line is edited as you like. You need to run the update-grub command with root rights in order for all the grub kernel entries to be fixed with the new options.

sudo update-grub

Now the framebuffer should be disabled for all current and new kernels.

Other Framebuffer tools and tweaks

*This section needs to be expanded *

Most of this wiki has been on how to disable the framebuffer, It does have some actual use however. Some things the framebuffer device allows include.
-video playback on the console without need for the X system being installed.
-some games can use the framebuffer
-customization of the console background to include logos and other images
-image viewers with out the need for X to be installe.
-X can even be configured to use the framebuffer device instead of a specific video card driver.

If one does wish to use and explore the framebuffer, the fbset command allows one to change several settings of the framebuffer on the fly.

sudo apt-get install fbset

To see other applications that have framebuffer features (not a complete list) the following will get you started.

apt-cache search framebuffer | less

Mplayer, and other players can also have framebuffer support.

~Source~


Ubuntu 14.04 doesn't recognise my screen resolution

I know this is fairly late, but I'm using an adapter too and had the exact same problem. Whenever I tried to force the resolution using

$ xrandr --newmode <insert cvt mode>
$ xrandr --addmode DVI-0 1920x1080_60.00
$ xrandr --output DVI-0 --mode 1920x1080_60.00

This would throw me into "Out of Range". What I did was add --rate 60 to the last command.


What exact purpose have transitional packages?

They simplify the transition if a package gets renamed:

Let's say we have a package called mypackage in the current release. Now for some reasons this packages gets renamed mynewpackage  in the next release. As the package manager doesn't know anything about renaming packages it will treat mypackage and mynewpackage as different packages so that on upgrade users who have mypackage not get mynewpackage installed but stay with the old mypackage (if the dependencies allow that).

To avoid this the package maintainer simply creates a transitional package mypackage in the new release that doesn't have any files but just a depends on mynewpackage (this kind of package is called a "meta package").


Why do xrandr errors "BadMatch", "BadName", "Gamma Failed" happen?

Minimum Info
You are going to ask a question then add the link generated by this command
sudo apt-get install pastebinit; sudo sh -c "lsb_release -sd; dmidecode -s system-product-name; echo ==; lshw -c display; echo ==; xrandr --verbose; echo ==; cat /etx/X11/xorg.conf" | tee ~/Desktop/ubuntu-graphic-info.txt | pastebinit
Without dumping to a file and uploading it, just print on screen:
sudo sh -c "lsb_release -sd; dmidecode -s system-product-name; echo ==; lshw -c display; echo ==; xrandr --verbose; echo ==; cat /etx/X11/xorg.conf"
Note
Users could make vast custom changes, that may affect display. It is hard to capture all of them as also raises concerns when blindly collecting files in folders. Best if the user declare by him/herself the changes from vanilla copy:

Grub/Kernel boot options
X11 settings
Udev
Manual driver install
Kernel/RAMDisk builds

Troubleshooting
Little talk
Much complicated than I thought, as I tried playing with my Intel GPU for some time using xrandr. Sometimes, I get an unexpected errors. This is a summery for my experience.
Here is a simplified full stack list, as I understand it.
xrandr
  └─ Xorg (w/ driver specific module)
      └─ kernel
          └─ driver
               │
             graphic card
               └─ cables (kvm switch/connection adapter)
                    └─ monitor

It is really a large stack to troubleshoot, more difficult with old hardware
and the rolling proprietary drivers updates, even a bad pin contact in DB-15
VGA cable (or cheap cable) can make a difference. Actually, majority of
issues I read here in Ask Ubuntu are about simply missing/wrong EDID data from the monitor, blaming: cables (kvm switch/connection adapter). You can notice that quickly from xrandr --verbose output.
Many cases also are drivers restrict some modes because of incomplete/partially wrong  EDID data from the Monitor (Manufacturer mistake), User overcome this by writing custom xorg.conf to override: Mode, HSync & VSync, EDID, DPI ... depending on driver (nvidia for example can IgnoreEDID from monitor)
I recommend this to read for Advanced users or the ones providing help here:

Ubuntu Wiki: X Troubleshooting (quite old and generic)
KMS UXA DRM OMG WTF BBQ? / Linux Graphics Demystified by Martin Fiedler from Dream Chip Technologies GmbH in Chemnitzer Linux-Tage 2014

Notice
Be careful while reading old documentations and posts providing solutions. Better, to look for documentation for that specific drive in use.

Verify post date, last edit date or software version.
KMS, DRI or fb(framebuffer) driver type. (just be aware, I'm not an expert).
Xorg have made a lot toward auto configure so xorg.conf is not created by
default. Even if user have make one, he/she shouldn't create all sections but only overrides what's needed. It is kind of configuration on the fly.

My dummy understanding of those xrandr/X errors
The xrandr seems not aware of what driver is able or agree to provide (all driver capabilities), while Xorg is an interface between them. So any of following scenario may happen:

high ratio: XRandR → (:) accept) Xorg → (:) accept) Driver , every one is happy!
low ratio: XRandR → (:| accept) Xorg → (XD reject) Driver , life is hard sometimes!
rare case: XRandR → (X/ reject) Xorg -x- (:| neutral) Driver , time for plan B!

So we get those error when Xorg or Driver are unable to process or refuse  xrandr request due:

Current Xorg settings
Driver capabilities
Graphics adapter capabilities
Monitor capabilities got from EDID
A bug in one of them including xrandr

Collecting debug info for generic graphics!
Why? I looked at many questions here related to xrandr & resolution, they
are missing much info about the full stack setup. Considered set mentioned only the last failed command. Even, I would suggest putting the full outputs in the question so we can search for similarities and link the related issues.
If no EDID data found, start with:

How are the monitor physically connected, ie is a KVM used? Any connection adapter ex. HDMI to VGA?
Have you tried another cable?
What is the monitor Brand/Model?

Here a list of some helpful commands

Background info
 sudo dmidecode -s system-product-name
 lsb_release -sd
 Xorg -version
 xrandr -v
 sudo lshw -c display

Base info
 xrandr --verbose
 cat /etx/X11/xorg.conf
 more /var/log/Xorg.0.log

Debug commands & options
 sudo apt-get install edid-read
 ls /sys/class/drm/*/edid | xargs -i{} sh -c "echo {}; parse-edid < {}"

 xrandr --verbose ...
 xtrace xrandr --verbose ...

 #no need, only to compare between releases for changes, the default driver parameters
 sudo sh -c "ls /sys/module/<driver-module-from-lshw>/parameters/ | xargs -L1 -i{} sh -c 'echo -n {} \" \" ; cat /sys/module/<driver-module-from-lshw>/parameters/{}'"

 # additional desktop environment setting, for general cases, gnome/unity
 cat ~/.config/monitors.xml
 cat /etc/gnome-settings-daemon/xrandr/monitors.xml
 gsettings list-recursively org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.xrandr

Advanced debug options
Add Option "ModeDebug" "true" to Section "Device" to xorg.conf, see nvidia debug below for details.

Additional debug info for nvidia graphics!

cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version for precise version

Activating nvidia debug info to /var/log/Xorg.0.log
  gksu nvidia-settings
  # go to X configuration then export, copy only device section
  sudo mkdir /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/
  sudo vim /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/90_my_nvidia_hacks.conf
  # paste the device section

  Section "Device"
      Identifier     "Device0"
      Driver         "nvidia"
      VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
      BoardName      "NVS 3100M"
      Option "ModeDebug" "true"
  EndSection

  # add to it this line `Option "ModeDebug" "true"`

Full documentation at file:///usr/share/doc/nvidia-*/html/, look for same running version, there are many changes in available options and default settings.

A debugging test case with Intel driver: BadMatch (invalid parameter attributes)
Here is a case that I can reproduce it and it seems like bug in xrandr. It is clear from xtrace & Xorg.0.log, that the frame-buffer is not resized in 1st combination.
It seems a bug in xrandr. It raises an Xorg error when changing to bigger resolution without changing a previously defined scale.
system info
$ xrandr --version
xrandr program version       1.4.3
Server reports RandR version 1.4

$ sudo sh -c "lsb_release -dc;echo; uname -a; Xorg -version;echo; lshw -C display"
Description:    Ubuntu 15.10
Codename:   wily

Linux BlueSkies 4.2.0-25-generic #30-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jan 18 12:31:50 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

X.Org X Server 1.17.2
Release Date: 2015-06-16
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
Build Operating System: Linux 3.13.0-68-generic x86_64 Ubuntu
Current Operating System: Linux BlueSkies 4.2.0-25-generic #30-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jan 18 12:31:50 UTC 2016 x86_64
Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.2.0-25-generic root=UUID=9f0530d5-e0eb-43fa-b99b-000fa742cf10 ro persistent quiet splash vt.handoff=7
Build Date: 12 November 2015  05:33:29PM
xorg-server 2:1.17.2-1ubuntu9.1 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support)
Current version of pixman: 0.32.6
    Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
    to make sure that you have the latest version.

  *-display
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
       version: 09
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
       configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
       resources: irq:26 memory:f6400000-f67fffff memory:e0000000-efffffff ioport:f000(size=64)

$ sudo sh -c "ls /sys/module/i915/parameters/ | xargs -L1 -i{} sh -c 'echo -n {} \" \" ; cat /sys/module/i915/parameters/{}'"
disable_display  N
disable_power_well  1
disable_vtd_wa  N
edp_vswing  0
enable_cmd_parser  1
enable_execlists  0
enable_fbc  -1
enable_hangcheck  Y
enable_ips  1
enable_ppgtt  1
enable_psr  0
enable_rc6  3
fastboot  N
invert_brightness  0
load_detect_test  N
lvds_channel_mode  0
lvds_downclock  0
lvds_use_ssc  -1
mmio_debug  0
modeset  -1
nuclear_pageflip  N
panel_ignore_lid  1
prefault_disable  N
preliminary_hw_support  0
reset  Y
semaphores  -1
use_mmio_flip  0
vbt_sdvo_panel_type  -1
verbose_state_checks  Y

$ modinfo i915
filename:       /lib/modules/4.2.0-25-generic/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915.ko
license:        GPL and additional rights
description:    Intel Graphics
author:         Intel Corporation
author:         Tungsten Graphics, Inc.
firmware:       i915/skl_dmc_ver1.bin
srcversion:     BB05D6968744E69AEA30DC2
...
depends:        drm_kms_helper,drm,video,i2c-algo-bit
intree:         Y
vermagic:       4.2.0-25-generic SMP mod_unload modversions

$ xrandr
Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 1726 x 768, maximum 32767 x 32767
LVDS1 connected primary 1366x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 309mm x 173mm
   1366x768      60.07*+  40.02
   1360x768      59.80    59.96
   1280x720      60.00
   1024x768      60.00
   1024x576      60.00
   960x540       60.00
   800x600       60.32    56.25
   864x486       60.00
   640x480       59.94
   720x405       60.00
   680x384       60.00
   640x360       60.00
DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
VGA1 connected 360x200+1366+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 410mm x 230mm
   1366x768      59.79 +
   1280x1024     60.02
   1280x720      60.00
   1024x768      60.00
   800x600       60.32
   640x480       60.00
   720x400       70.08*
VIRTUAL1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

Other info not collected
$ grep intel /var/log/Xorg.0.log
case reproducing & debug
1st combination different mode & same scale
$ xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 720x400 --right-of LVDS1 --scale 0.5x0.5
$ xtrace xrandr --verbose --output VGA1 --mode 1366x768 --right-of LVDS1 --scale 0.5x0.5

000:<:0030: 28: RANDR-Request(140,21): SetCrtcConfig crtc=0x00000040 timestamp=0x00000000 config timestamp=0x00010a4d x=0 y=0 mode=0x00000000 rr=Rotate_0 outputs=;
000:>:0030:32: Reply to SetCrtcConfig: status=Success(0x00)
screen 0: 1726x768 453x202 mm  96.57dpi
crtc 1:      720x400  70.08 +1366+0 "VGA1"
000:<:0031: 20: RANDR-Request(140,7): SetScreenSize window=0x000000d9 width=1726 height=768 width[mm]=453 height[mm]=202
000:<:0032: 32: RANDR-Request(140,21): SetCrtcConfig crtc=0x00000040 timestamp=0x00000000 config timestamp=0x00010a4d x=1366 y=0 mode=0x000000fc rr=Rotate_0 outputs=0x0000004a;
000:>:0032:32: Reply to SetCrtcConfig: status=Success(0x00)

screen 0: 2049x768 538x202 mm  96.57dpi
crtc 1:     1366x768  59.79 +1366+0 "VGA1"
000:<:002f:  4: Request(36): GrabServer
000:<:0030: 20: RANDR-Request(140,7): SetScreenSize window=0x000000d9 width=2049 height=768 width[mm]=538 height[mm]=202
000:<:0031: 32: RANDR-Request(140,21): SetCrtcConfig crtc=0x00000040 timestamp=0x00000000 config timestamp=0x00010a4d x=1366 y=0 mode=0x000000f8 rr=Rotate_0 outputs=0x0000004a;
000:>:0030:Error 8=Match: major=140, minor=7, bad=217
000:>:0031:32: Reply to SetCrtcConfig: status=Success(0x00)
X Error of failed request:  BadMatch (invalid parameter attributes)
  Major opcode of failed request:  140 (RANDR)
  Minor opcode of failed request:  7 (RRSetScreenSize)
  Serial number of failed request:  48
  Current serial number in output stream:  49

2nd combination same mode & different scale
$ xtrace xrandr --verbose --output VGA1 --mode 1366x768 --right-of LVDS1 --scale 1x1
$ xtrace xrandr --verbose --output VGA1 --mode 1366x768 --right-of LVDS1 --scale 0.5x0.5

screen 0: 2732x768 718x202 mm  96.57dpi
crtc 1:     1366x768  59.79 +1366+0 "VGA1"
000:<:002f:  4: Request(36): GrabServer
000:<:0030: 20: RANDR-Request(140,7): SetScreenSize window=0x000000d9 width=2732 height=768 width[mm]=718 height[mm]=202
000:<:0031: 56: RANDR-Request(140,26): SetCrtcTransform crtc=0x00000040 transform={matrix=1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000;}; filter name='nearest' filter params=;
000:<:0032: 32: RANDR-Request(140,21): SetCrtcConfig crtc=0x00000040 timestamp=0x00000000 config timestamp=0x00010a4d x=1366 y=0 mode=0x000000f8 rr=Rotate_0 outputs=0x0000004a;
000:>:0032:32: Reply to SetCrtcConfig: status=Success(0x00)

000:<:0030: 28: RANDR-Request(140,21): SetCrtcConfig crtc=0x00000040 timestamp=0x00000000 config timestamp=0x00010a4d x=0 y=0 mode=0x00000000 rr=Rotate_0 outputs=;
000:>:0030:32: Reply to SetCrtcConfig: status=Success(0x00)
screen 0: 2049x768 538x202 mm  96.57dpi
crtc 1:     1366x768  59.79 +1366+0 "VGA1"
000:<:0031: 20: RANDR-Request(140,7): SetScreenSize window=0x000000d9 width=2049 height=768 width[mm]=538 height[mm]=202
000:<:0032: 56: RANDR-Request(140,26): SetCrtcTransform crtc=0x00000040 transform={matrix=0.500000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.500000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000;}; filter name='bilinear' filter params=;
000:<:0033: 32: RANDR-Request(140,21): SetCrtcConfig crtc=0x00000040 timestamp=0x00000000 config timestamp=0x00010a4d x=1366 y=0 mode=0x000000f8 rr=Rotate_0 outputs=0x0000004a;
000:>:0033:32: Reply to SetCrtcConfig: status=Success(0x00)

$ tail /var/log/Xorg.0.log

##1st
[  6644.557] (II) intel(0): resizing framebuffer to 1726x768
[  6644.560] (II) intel(0): switch to mode 720x400@70.1 on VGA1 using pipe 1, position (1366, 0), rotation normal, reflection none
[  6660.882] (II) intel(0): switch to mode 1366x768@59.8 on VGA1 using pipe 1, position (1366, 0), rotation normal, reflection none

##2nd
[  6804.638] (II) intel(0): resizing framebuffer to 2732x768
[  6804.647] (II) intel(0): switch to mode 1366x768@59.8 on VGA1 using pipe 1, position (1366, 0), rotation normal, reflection none
[  6817.753] (II) intel(0): resizing framebuffer to 2049x768
[  6817.757] (II) intel(0): switch to mode 1366x768@59.8 on VGA1 using pipe 1, position (1366, 0), rotation normal, reflection none

Remarkable cases from other questions

##xrandr: Failed to get size of gamma for output default
Driver support or No drive loaded issue, this is famous with nomodeset and old graphics. xrandr does not work well without KMS. Indicators:

sudo lshw -c display could be *-display UNCLAIMED also driver= empty.
maximum 1920 x 1080 buffer size is exactly screen size as minimum, most graphics now are  maximum 8192 x 8192, maximum 16384 x 16384 or even 32Kx32K.
No regular name of connection default!
An OpenGL software renderer is used, check glxinfo, example: Gallium3D/llvmpipe.

To reproduce similar issue

Create a Ubuntu virtualbox without installing the guest additions/modules (which includes vbox graphics driver). It will be very slow and same happen with real machine.

##X Error of failed request:  BadMatch (invalid parameter attributes) (RRQueryOutputProperty)
A wrong property name used with xrandr --output .. --set <name> <value>, user should check first for available properties using xrandr --prop. Same case solved here:
Cannot change brightness in laptop
Available properties depend on the used driver and adapter, so it could be also a result from previous case (driver issue), as no properties declared to xrandr.

To reproduce similar issue

xrandr --output <connection-name> --set whatever 0

##X Error of failed request:  BadMatch (invalid parameter attributes) (RRAddOutputMode)

My current theory, planning to test later when I have time. documented it here. so I don't forget and others may give some feedback.
Error produced with xrandr .. --addmode when the driver refuse it, due to EDID validation. nvidia driver drops some modes, I noticed that  after enabling the "ModeDebug". Either:

EDID data from monitor are not perfect
Drivers not robust in processing EDID
The generated mode entry is not in monitor range declared in EDID

Cases (1 & 2) solution is custom override of Hsync/Vsync/PixelClock or complete local EDID file, some drivers can ignore EDID.
Case (3) solution is to try different mode entry. Notice the difference
$ cvt 1280 800 60
# 1280x800 59.81 Hz (CVT 1.02MA) hsync: 49.70 kHz; pclk: 83.50 MHz
Modeline "1280x800_60.00"   83.50  1280 1352 1480 1680  800 803 809 831 -hsync +vsync

$ gtf 1280 800 60

  # 1280x800 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 49.68 kHz; pclk: 83.46 MHz
  Modeline "1280x800_60.00"  83.46  1280 1344 1480 1680  800 801 804 828  -HSync +Vsync

 # reduce mode only for flat monitors
 $ cvt -r 1280 800 60
# 1280x800 59.91 Hz (CVT 1.02MA-R) hsync: 49.31 kHz; pclk: 71.00 MHz
Modeline "1280x800R"   71.00  1280 1328 1360 1440  800 803 809 823 +hsync -vsync

Some cases resolved by just changing the vsync little bit lower, for example 1280 800 59.80. Then if dual monitors are used with different vsync's, probabaly see a cyclic behaivior in one screen (like going blank for 3sec every 15min). This is due that 0.2Hz diffirence from other screen if it uses standard 60Hz. Anyway, this issue may be already vanished with new adanced multi-head adapters and 4K screens. Solutions: Change to exact frequency supported be all connected monitors, remove uncompatibe monitor. (Root cause, may be some cheap monitor chips are desgined for TV)


Upgrade from 16.04 to 18.04.1 won't work because of authorisation issues

Thanks to Terrance comment in my original post, I managed to fix it. The problem was that gb.archive.ubuntu.com was not accessible.

It is configured here (the drop down saying Server for United Kingdom):

It would not allow me to change it to be the Main server. Even running the update-manager as root so I had to do it manually in the /etc/apt/sources.list file.

Once replacing all the occurrences of http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com by http://archive.ubuntu.com in /etc/apt/sources.list the update manager is now set to the Main server download source:

After that, the update goes on with no issues.


Fire up a terminal and use:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install php-pear php5-dev


I had this same problem: lsusb was detecting the card properly, and so was NetworkManager but it was unable to connect.

The solution that finally worked for me was to use wvdial. Running wvdialconf in the terminal with my modem plugged in automatically detected it and generated the config file (/etc/wvdial.conf) which I then edited. But you can also directly create the file without running that command.

Here's how my /etc/wvdial.conf file looks, after editing:

[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0
Stupid Mode = 1
Modem Type = USB Modem
ISDN = 0
New PPPD = yes
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
Baud = 460800

[Dialer vodafone]
Username = vodafone
Password = vodafone
Phone = *99#

To edit /etc/wvdial.conf, you need to have root permissions. Typing sudo gedit /etc/wvdial.conf in the terminal will open the required file

Now, running wvdial vodafone should get you connected to the net.

You may need to change ttyUSB0 with some other modem, depending on which port your modem is set to.

Another problem I've heard some people encounter is that the usb sticks has several modes: one for the "CD" with drivers, one for the optional microSD card, and one for the modem itself. So it may get detected as a wrong device, making the connection fail (eg. trying to connect to the Internet through the microSD reader). There are other forums, like this one,  which describes how to do this using usb_modeswitch. TODO: If anybody has done this, please update this post to give proper instructions


upgraded to 15.04 init conf file doesn't work

The headline news this week is that Ubuntu version 15.04 doesn't use upstart.  It uses systemd.

You can go back to upstart, which is a question all to itself; or you can write a systemd service unit for your service; or you can swipe an already-written one.  There are plenty of already-written ones about.

This mbpfan.service unit by Ismail Khatib has been around since 2012, for example.  However, I recommend that you edit it to say Type=simple and ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mbpfan -f  mbpfan's "daemonization" is entirely superfluous (under both upstart and systemd); is not functionally correct in any case; and under systemd will also result in unnecessary duplicated log information, as systemd already records the log information that mbpfan sends to its standard output.

Further reading

"Boot and service management".  Upstart version 15 release notes.  2015-04-24.  Ubuntu.
systemd.exec.  systemd manual pages.  Freedesktop.org.
systemd.service.  systemd manual pages.  Freedesktop.org.


If you run into this problem, what worked for me was installing the following driver:
https://github.com/pvaret/rtl8192cu-fixes

From the README.md file:

  Installation

  Ensure you have the necessary prerequisites:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential dkms

  Clone this repository:

git clone https://github.com/pvaret/rtl8192cu-fixes.git

  Set it up as a DKMS module:

sudo dkms add ./rtl8192cu-fixes

  Build and install it (this version number may change, it is .11 as of November 07 2019)

sudo dkms install 8192cu/1.11

  Refresh the module list:

sudo depmod -a

  Ensure the native (and broken) kernel driver is blacklisted:

sudo cp ./rtl8192cu-fixes/blacklist-native-rtl8192.conf /etc/modprobe.d/

  And reboot. You're done.


What did I do wrong when I installed this theme?

Uh... The theme is for Gnome. You, as per your screenshot, are clearly using Unity. Unity is Canonical's replacement for the Gnome desktop environment. Think of them as something like Explorer on windows (not just the file browser, but the Explorer bar as well). You're running an entirely different interface than the one that skin was made for.

Sadly, installing Gnome 3 in Ubuntu is painful and unpleasant, and unless you are lucky, it won't end without problems. Furthermore, despite the final release state of Gnome 3, it really comes off as Alpha software in is buggyness, missing features, and lack of options -- whereas Unity is, at least, beta software. I'd link you to help installing Gnome 3, but after following 3 or 4 different guides myself, I ended up with a frankenstein's monster of an install. Would not recommend. Try switching from Ubuntu to a distro that comes with Gnome 3 prepacked, if you really want to -- like Fedora, for example.


In order to start skype in background go to tools->settings and toggle on Launch Skype in the background (the default is off).

And if you want icons in the top bar you may install gnome extension TopIcons Plus which moves all tray icons (bottom left of Gnome Shell) to the top panel.


Where is the address bar and other controls in the "browser" app? (Ubuntu Touch browser)

The "ubuntu browser" is actually the default browser on Ubuntu Touch. It was included in 14.04 Trusty to take over running the webapps versus just opening a new tab in Firefox. The reason it didn't load your router's configuration page any better than Chrome did is because it actually uses the same rendering engine as Chrome (or, more correctly, Chromium) does. I suggest you try using Firefox instead (it should actually be preinstalled).

Anyway, menus and such are hidden by default in Ubuntu Touch; to access them you need to swipe up from the bottom with your finger (or in this case, your mouse).

To access the URL/menu bar bring your mouse down to the bottom of the window, click (and hold) then drag up. The menu should appear.

(tips go to muru for pointing out the browser's intended use in the comments below)


Need to update /etc/hosts every time I connect to network because of dynamic IP

Why do it the hard way?

Bind your MAC to an ip or use address reservation.  Every server should have a static ip for more than just the reason you have.


What application is responsible for saving num lock preferences of a user?

Installing numlockx solved the problem. Numpad was unlocked when I rebooted and logged in.

sudo apt-get install numlockx


I don't like questions without answers, so add this as an answer. The folder with the software gets mounted on one of my internal hard drive partitions, and shows up among the other files on this partition. I think it is a very strange, but maybe it will happen to someone else too.


Screen turns off and computer locks when playing flash video

Caffeine 2.5 fixes this issue somewhat. I installed the .deb file and required packages, and it's functioning normally--it gives me a 'Preferences' menu that allows me to select programs like Firefox for automatic activation.

However, this means that my screen won't turn off if any instance of Firefox is active. So this is not a solution in itself. A proper, permanent solution would be to make it so that the screen-off feature doesn't interfere with full screen flash videos at all--like it is in Windows. I don't want to have to rely on Caffeine for this all the time.

Maybe downgrading to a much earlier Caffeine version will help with that. I know that older versions of the program are much more advanced--they include the option to only keep the screen on when videos are playing. However, such options are absent from all new (2.5+) versions of Caffeine, for some extremely odd reason. I have no idea why this is. For now, I may try downgrading to an old Caffeine version where the option to enable it for videos is present.

EDIT: I tested Caffeine 2.4.1. It does a much better job than Caffeine 2.5, in that it allows the screen to turn off even when Firefox is open, but stops the screen from turning off when a flash video is playing in full screen.

However, Caffeine 2.4.1 allows the lock screen to interfere with videos. So the screen doesn't turn to black when a flash video is playing in full screen, but if you have the lock screen enabled when the screen turns off, then the lock screen shows after X minutes, and you have to unlock the screen to keep watching the video.

Looks like there's no perfect solution to this issue. I have to keep the automatic lock screen functionality turned off just so that it doesn't interfere with full screen flash videos--I'll have to remember to manually lock my laptop every time I leave it alone now. Caffeine 2.2 and older produce the same results as Caffeine 2.4.1. The lock screen issue persists.

Caffeine (and this entire situation) is so weird. I wonder why the developer decided to cripple Caffeine's functionality in its newer iterations. Some kind of social experiment?


How to revert to old version of Ubuntu? Like Windows "Restore" points?

Ubuntu doesn't make automatically restore points so if you did not do a backup before upgrading there's no way to rollback


Gnome-Network-Manager Config File Migration

The migration is usally done by "nm-applet", meaning it reads the old user config via GConf and writes them in the new format under "/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/"

One problem is that this only done once, but you can trigger "nm-applet" to rerun the migration by "gconftool-2 -s /apps/nm-applet/stamp --type=int 2", so on the next start it will rescan GConf. Double entries will get a UUID attached.

But as "nm-applet" search for old config via GConf you should make sure that ".gconf/system/networking/connections" is really listed in it. So verify it with "gconftool-2 --dump /system/networking/connections", that should list all your connections.

In my case ".gconf/system/networking/connections" wasn't available via GConf and therefore "nm-applet" could not migrate it. Therefore i created a new user on the system and copied my ".gconf/system/networking/connections" to the new user's home and migrated it from this new login. To correct the wrong permission i used "sudo sed -i "s/permissions=user:NEWUSER/permissions=user:REALUSER/g" /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*" where REALUSER is obviously your real user and NEWUSER is the temporary migration user.

After all while it's nice to finally have everything migrated to "/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/", there are quite a few problems with the new storage location, you should be aware of:

for reinstallations and backup cases you always need to save/move the new location, where formerly your /home was enough
your user only connections are no longer secured by your encrypted home directory
the are some security flaws, where passwords for user only connections are stored in clear text under /etc instead of being stored securely in the encrypted keyring


Cannot boot Ubuntu 16.04 on a mining rig with 6 GPUs, AMD 970 motherboard

Problem solved by adding iommu=soft to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub file. Also need to run sudo update-grub afterwards.

jj@RIG12:~$ lspci | grep VGA
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP104 [GeForce GTX 1060 3GB] (rev a1)
02:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP104 [GeForce GTX 1060 3GB] (rev a1)
06:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP104 [GeForce GTX 1060 3GB] (rev a1)
07:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP104 [GeForce GTX 1060 3GB] (rev a1)
08:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP104 [GeForce GTX 1060 3GB] (rev a1)
0d:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP104 [GeForce GTX 1060 3GB] (rev a1)


Go System Settings > Details > Removable Media, set an app


Simple Scan not detecting my scanner (Brother DCP-7040)

I entered these commands:
sudo mkdir /usr/lib/sane
sudo ln -s /usr/lib64/sane/libsane-brother3.so /usr/lib/sane/libsane-brother3.so
sudo ln -s /usr/lib64/sane/libsane-brother3.so.1 /usr/lib/sane/libsane-brother3.so.1
sudo ln -s /usr/lib64/sane/libsane-brother3.so.1.0.7 /usr/lib/sane/libsane-brother3.so.1.0.7

And it works!!!
scanimage -L reports:
device `brother3:bus1;dev1' is a Brother DCP-7040 USB scanner

And the simple scanner works properly!
This link (#5) saved me: https://www.it-swarm.dev/es/drivers/el-escaner-brother-no-funciona-en-ubuntu-16.04-aunque-el-controlador-esta-instalado/961015336/
In this moment I don't know if all changes were necessary.


How to launch a console application from a shortcut in root?

So inside your .desktop entry you need to put the following on the exec line:

Exec=gnome-terminal.real -- YOUR_COMMAND
and on the Terminal line
Terminal=true

The -- in the Exec line means that the command after it will be executed in the new terminal.

So for example if you want to start a python application as root when you click on the desktop icon your .desktop file should look something like this:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=The app name
Icon=/absolute/path/to/an/icon.png
Exec=gnome-terminal.real -- sudo python /absolute/path/to/your/script.py
Comment=Some longer description of what your program does.
Categories=Utility;
Terminal=true

So when a user clicks on your desktop icon they will see a terminal window that displays a password prompt like this:

And after the prompt your program is run.


Do themes slow down Ubuntu's performance?

Themes are basically a bunch of images (and there might be an XML that needs parsing) so as long as you keep the images small you will not notice them slowing down your system even when using your own custom made themes.


qemu not working after installation in ubuntu

I think You can try for ex.

qemu-x86_64 -kernel kernel.bin

It's the qemu command for 64-bit systems.

After typing

qemu

you can try completing your command with 'Tab' key and see if the system sees the qemu at all :-)


Accessing to my index.html file from a computer other than where I have Apache installed

Assuming that computer's IP address is 192.0.2.42, as http://192.0.2.42/index.html

localhost in that URL simply resolves to the loopback IP address of your machine, 127.0.0.1.


"Applications" launcher not showing, Alt-F2 not working

The two launchers wEre not showing in the sidebar because the following packages were missing in the system: unity-place-files and unity-place-applications.

It was just a matter of installing them, login back and the launchers appered!


Disable Mouse Back button in Ubuntu Linux

xorg.conf stopped being used many years ago.  Nevertheless, if it's needed, you can generate it by typing:

sudo X -configure

in a terminal window.

This will generate a file named xorg.conf.new in your current folder.  As root, you can rename it to xorg.conf and move it to your etc/X11 folder.

sudo mv xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf.


IMHO: Its easier if you use the openvpn-install script for the server side.
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/angristan/openvpn-install/master/openvpn-install.sh
chmod +x openvpn-install.sh
sudo bash openvpn-install.sh

This will prompt you for setup options just take its suggestion and its done in minutes.
https://www.tecmint.com/install-openvpn-in-ubuntu/
For the client.. Using the client config file build above.
sudo apt install openvpn
openvpn --config /path/to/configuration.ovpn

https://serverspace.io/support/help/install-openvpn-server-on-ubuntu-20-04/


Shotwell not displaying key images for events?

If you start shotwell from the terminal, you'll probably see messages like

Unable to fetch preview for Event ... Failed to open file <file_name>: No such file or directory

Usually shotwell recreates missing thumbnail files on demand, but this feature seems not to work for key images of events.

So in principle you should be able to recreate your event preview by opening the event and browsing the preview of all the contained images, which will trigger the thumbnail creation.

There is another caveat with the thumbnail recreation though: As only needed thumbnails are created, the size you set for the preview images when browsing the event does matter. At first I browsed the images using a small preview size in order to fit as many images as possible on one screen, but this triggered thumbnail creation only for the lowest resolution thumbnails and the event image was still not shown. After setting the preview size to max and browsing the event again the required thumbnail was finally available :-)

Which thumbnail size you need to generate for your event image is shown in the error message on the terminal as part of the name of the missing file. The path usually contains the folder thumbs360 for high resolution thumbnails or thumbs128 for low resolution thumbnails (I think these two are the only sizes used by shotwell).

When browsing your event to trigger thumbnail creation do not scroll through your images to fast! shotwell will only work on visible images (so just opening the event or jumping to the last image won't create any thumbnails for the images in between) and it needs some time to process the images (in my version it creates a low resolution thumbnail first and I needed to wait for the preview to improve from scaled low resolution to high resolution thumbnail before scrolling to the next screen).


You can move a window to another workspace, so, you won't see that window until you switch the workspace that you moved window to. To do so, right click on the title of the window and select one of the "Move to Workspace *" options.

For example, if you move a window to workspace right, you can switch to that workspace with 'ctrl + alt + right arrow'.