Could I have a faster boot time than 56 seconds?

You probably got the normal boot time for a normal HDD with those 57 seconds. It was close to what I had as a boottime when I still use a hdd. systemd has a tool to examine your boot process:

systemd-analyze plot > /home/$USER/Pictures/plot.svg

This will create a picture of your boot and the time spent on each item. Maybe there is something you can disable to speed it up a bit more.

Best advice I can give though is to get an ssd. Use that as boot drive. Reinstall Ubuntu on that and mount the old hdd as a partition. Remove Ubuntu from that except for your personal data (roughly that would be anything not in /home/)

You will see the biggest improvement in boot speed for that and installation is going to quick too. Booting from a ssd takes me under 8 seconds. Installation of a new version of Ubuntu takes about 16 minutes.

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Please do not use sudo with graphical programs, like gedit. It might have unwanted side effects: the owner and group can change. grub is owned by root but it is better to use a command line editing tool for command line editing. Like sudo nano /etc/default/grub or sudo vi /etc/default/grub.


How does one choose permissions for each folder?

The execute bit means "can make that directory current" and has nothing to do with being able to execute files in that directory

Check out this question for a much more comprehensive answer.


You can stop it using:

sudo fuser -k 8000/tcp

This kills the process you have on your port 8000


The open-source driver for AMD Radeon graphics adapters is already installed together with Ubuntu. You don't need to do anything.


To embed commands into other ones, either wrap them in `` or in $().

Examples:

echo Today is $(date)
echo Today is `date`


I don't understand where exactly you right clicked, but try this.

Go to the Home folder (you can find it on your launcher).
On the left pane, you can find the list of your partitions.
Click on the partition that you wish to open. The partition will be mounted and opened.
If you already have any items in that partition, they will be displayed on the screen.
Right click near them and you can find an option Create New Folder. Click it and a new folder will be created with the name New Folder.


During boot, I only see a dark aubergine screen - how can I make plymouth work?

http://www.webupd8.org/2010/03/how-to-get-plymouth-working-with-nvidia.htmlThis has always worked for me.But if it's really only about knowing if the computer is still running, just remove the quiet and splash parameters from grub.cfg.


The ACPI Warning: ...._DSM: Argument #4 type mismatch - Found [Buffer], ACPI requires [Package] warning could be annoying but is harmless. The message is shown because Nvidia does not conform to the official ACPI specification.

It can also not be "fixed" by using the required "Package" type because it would break many laptops with Nvidia GPUs, resulting in higher power consumption. For a more technical description, see this discussion.

As a user, the best thing you can do is ignoring it. It will only occur when the GPU driver (nvidia, nouveau, bbswitch) is loaded, or when a GPU in a hybrid graphics laptop is powered off.


I got it!!!! Just open software sources and set Release Upgrade to Never under the Updates tab.This stops the message from recurring. Thats it.


Why does my udev rule run several times?

You need to make your udev rule more specific, try adding this to your rule:

ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device"


Xamarin, a developer for Mono, created MonoDevelop, which is an IDE for C# on Ubuntu.
As far as I know, it can open VS projects. You can find it within the Synaptic Package Manager or Ubuntu Software Center. Here is the homepage. Any other questions about it can most likely be answered by their FAQ.


force reinstall of 20.04 over top of existing 20.04

You can at any time reinstall while leaving your current system in place with a live DVD/USB. In the installer, select "Something else". Assign the same root ("/") partition as you currently have, and make sure to uncheck the "Format" checkmark. Depending on your current setup, you may also need to assign other partitions to indicate your current situation to the installer (each time making sure you do not reformat).
This procedure reinstalls the entire system, including all your currently installed applications, with fresh system configuration while leaving your current user configuration and data in place.


How to develop app that starts automatically and always runs in background

This question is more apt for stackoverflow, but valid none-the-less. You're looking for what is known as a daemon in the *nix world. A daemon is a background service that is usually started automatically on boot, but can be invoked at any time.

I haven't had much experience with python-based daemons (only C), but the concepts are similar. See this daemon-skeleton code from the Python Cookbook. All you have to do is override the run() method in the derived MyDaemon class.

If having an extra class for the sole purpose of daemon-izing is overkill (I can't see how, but anyway), try this (found at stackoverflow) :)

Hope this helps! :)


Not able to execute a url from python script running via Cron

Adding a semicolon worked for me:
*/10 * * * * export DISPLAY=:0; /usr/bin/python /home/web.py


How to safely remove or repair plymouth package?

It is possible to remove it. The bug report #556372 describes the problem. Dave Lentz has a PPA which works around those issues. So you have to add the PPA:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:dtl131/mediahacks
sudo aptitude update

Now you have to update mountall to version (as of April 2012): 2.25ubuntu2~mediahacks1. When this is finished you can deinstall plymouth without deinstalling half of your system.


If you plan on using only the command line, then SSH is the way to go. There is an excellent tutorial in the official documentation.
If you are interested in desktop sharing, then you need VNC or something similar. Take a look at this help page.


No.  Ubuntu doesn't affect Windows operations.  You do have access to the Windows partition as far as the browsing and manually accessing the files.  But that is very similar to browsing files on a network drive.

Ubuntu doesn't use any part of the Windows partition for its operation.

If you experience something particular regarding Windows, you would have to address VIA running Windows and the Windows environment, using a Windows support channel.  You might also leave out the part about running Ubuntu, it could distract from the real issue since it's completely separate and doesn't affect the actual running of Windows.

If, in the process of upgrading, or repairing Windows, you loose the Grub.  You may have to reinstall Grub.  The Boot Manager, is incidental, and doesn't affect the actual running of the Operation system.  Just how it's started.


Cant enable bluetooth on Thinkpad X220 xUbuntu 14.04

Have you tried ThinkWiki bluetooth setup guide? I got my ThinkPad bluetooth working thanks to this:
http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_setup_Bluetooth

I am not sure if this works for you but its worth a shot.


It seemed that when the NVIDIA installers ask "do you want me to disable secure boot?" and lets you input a password it does it just for a show. It never ACTUALLY disables secure boot. By entering the BIOS, disabling it manually, and rebooting the GPU automagically appears!

Ah, of course this just works only under x11, not under the damned Wayland environment. So first revert to x11, then disable secure boot, then work on NVIDIA.

I have some comments about this, but I think I can be banned for obscenity on this website, so I'll keep my mouth shut.


Is it possible to run commands inside other root fs which is mounted in the current system?

Sure, you can use chroot.

mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
chroot /mnt
deluser <username>
exit
umount /mnt

Assuming /dev/sdb1 is the partition where your secondary system was installed: mount it, and chroot its root directory.


why is cgconfig.conf not being read on reboot on 14.04?

This looks like a regression due to the fix for bug #1096771. There were some init scripts in cgroup-bin in 12.04, which were removed in 13.04. The /etc/init/cgconfig.conf service file contained this in the pre-start script stanza:

/usr/sbin/cgconfigparser -l $CGCONFIG

So it was the cgconfig service from the cgroup-bin package that actually set up your cgroup configuration. cgroup-lite hasn't changed much in between these releases, so I assume it isn't meant to read this configuration. I recommend that you open a bug report (and perhaps write a new Upstart service (or copy the old one) since it's unlikely they'll change this in an LTS release).

Since 12.04 is still supported, you can use the Packages index to download the older version of the package. I have reproduced /etc/init/cgconfig.conf here for convenience:

description "cgconfig"
author "Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>"

start on runlevel [2345]

console output

pre-start script
    test -x /usr/sbin/cgconfigparser || { stop; exit 0; }

    CREATE_DEFAULT="yes"
    CGCONFIG=/etc/cgconfig.conf
    if [ -r /etc/default/cgconfig ]; then
        . /etc/default/cgconfig
    fi

    # If we've already run, don't do it again!
    if grep -q /sys/fs/cgroup /proc/mounts; then
        stop
        exit 0
    fi

    [ -r $CGCONFIG ] || { echo "$CGCONFIG is empty"; stop; exit 0; }

    mount -t tmpfs -o uid=0,gid=0,mode=0755 cgroups /sys/fs/cgroup
    /usr/sbin/cgconfigparser -l $CGCONFIG
    if [ "$CREATE_DEFAULT" = "yes" ]; then
        /usr/sbin/create_default_cgroups
    fi
end script

post-stop script
    if [ -x /usr/sbin/cgclear ]
    then
        /usr/sbin/cgclear
    fi
    umount /sys/fs/cgroup || true
end script


Anything to fix if accidentally logged out during installation?

The answer is no. Just restart the computer and run the install package again. I did the same thing trying to update


How to prevent "Switch User Account" in Ubuntu 12.04 from logging me out?

You can use this command in terminal to switch user without logging-off :

dm-tool switch-to-greeter

Try it and reply .


I uploaded debian/sid packages of llvm-3.1 and clang-3.1 to my ppa.


Run Ubuntu ISO live image from Windows BIOS - no USB or DVD

WARNING: although I hadn't any problems, I guess that could be cases, due to some mistake or other reasons, that renders Windows and/or Ubuntu unbootable. My tests where limited.
If there's access to the GRUB console, some problems may be fixed.

Downloads

Ubuntu ISO image.
Partition manager, I used IM MAGIC resizer. Install.
CD emulator, I used WinCDemu. Install.
WINGRUB. Install.

Setup

Create a primary FAT32 partition with the partition manager, 4GB is enough. This partition will be, in linux, /dev/sda2 because is the second partition. If you got previously more partitions, and for example the FAT created partition is the third, it will be /dev/sda3.

Mount the ISO image with the CD emulator and copy its content on the FAT partition created.

Install GRUB with WINGRUB
Follow the steps shown in the images:

Select the "default" option and insert a new item:

Edit the new item:

Insert the code shown below:

Here is the code to copy:
title Ubuntu
root (hd0,1)
kernel /casper/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2 boot=casper
initrd /casper/initrd

Save the created menu as MENU.LST:

Install GRUB.

The System drive, in this cased D, is the Windows name of the FAT partition created. It could be other letter in your system:

You won't get any message of successful installation, but it's done.

Reboot and enjoy.

Tested on Windows XP SP2, Xubuntu 18.04 i386.


Why dpkg -i can't find my Minecraft.deb file

You got the following error message:

dpkg: error: cannot access archive 'Minecraft.deb': No such file or directory.

...because the path you typed to Minecraft.deb in incorrect. To show the correct path to Minecraft.deb drag the Minecraft.deb into the terminal or try using the following path instead.

/home/username/Downloads/Minecraft.deb

where instead of username replace it with your own username.

The correct commands would then be as follows:

cd /home/username/Downloads/ # replace username with your own username
sudo dpkg -i /Minecraft.deb


in that sense, just use network manager(nm) to connect your modem over mobile broad band which is the default.it also  make you use modem manager gui to send sms,USSD,etc

eject the driver cd of your modem as soon as you plug in the modem from the terminal or DISKS. thats all your modem will be seen in the nm after 10s as new connection.
configure it & use it.

network manager do not detects your d-link-156 automatic using usb mode switch in 12.04/13.10 as it is a newer one to market. just you need to add your device id to usb mode switch .


How do I make a digital certificate available to LibreOffice Writer for digital signatures?

Part One: With Firefox, back up the certificate as a .p12 file.

In Firefox, click Edit > Preferences to display the Preferences
dialog.
On the Preferences dialog, click the Advanced button.
On the Advanced form, click the the View Certificates button to
display the Certificate Manager dialog.
On the Certificate Manager dialog, click the Your Certificates tab.
Expand the relevant certificate authority name and click the
relevant certificate to select it.
Click the Backup button to display a Save As dialog titled File Name
to Backup.
On the File Name to Backup dialog, in the Name text box, type the
name you want to give to the backup  copy of the file.
Select the folder in which you want to save the file.
Click the Save button to display the Choose a Certificate Backup
Password dialog.
Type your chosen password twice. Click the OK button.
An Alert dialog will appear, informing you that your certificates
and private keys were successfully  backed up. Click the OK button.
Close the other two open dialogs.

Part 2: With Thunderbird, import the .p12 file to Thunderbirds certificate store.

In Thunderbird, click Edit > Prefereces, to display the Thunderbird Preferences dialog.
Click the Advanced button on the top menu.
On the Advanced form, click the Certificates tab.
Click the View Certificates button to display the Certificate Manager dialog.
Click the Your Certificates tab.
Click the Import button to display the Certificates to Import dialog.
Find the .p12 file which you backed from Firefox, click it and click the Open button to display the Password Entry dialog.
Type the password you used to backup the file from Firefox and click the OK button.
An Alert dialog will appear, indicating that the operation was successfull.
Close the other two open dialogs.

Part 3: In Thunderbird, edit the root certificate of your certificate authority to make it trusted for identifying websites, mail users and software makers.

Display the Certificate Manager dialog as described in Part 2.
On the Certificate Manager dialog, click the Authorities tab.
In the list of root certificates, click on your certificate authority's certificate to select it.
Click the Edit Trust... button to display the Edit Trust Settings dialog.
Check the three checkboxes to make your certificate authority trusted for websites, email and software.
Click the OK button.
Close all open dialogs.

Part 4: In LibreOffice Writer, verify that the certificate is available for digital signatures.

Close all Writer windows which may have been running.
Open an existing Writer document (because you can only view the certificates from a file which is saved to
disk).
Click File > Digital Signatures... to display the Digital Signatures dialog.
Click the Sign Document button to display the Select Certificate dialog.

Your certificate will appear in the list of certificates.


If you still have LibreOffice .debs installed then you're probably using the launchers for that version instead of the snapped versions. I found it confusing to have two sets of icons so I removed the .deb version.

After I followed these instructions I was able to remove the duplicate launchers and the ones that come with the snapped LibreOffice.

How to uninstall LibreOffice?

For reference the .desktop files that make the launchers are located in /var/lib/snapd/desktop/applications

As of this answer, the icons launch LibreOffice fine, but for me they show up as blank icons instead of the usual icons, I suspect this is a bug:

There still appear to be a few bugs with launchers from snapped applications, these might be of interest to you (Thanks Rinzwind for finding these):

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/snapd/+bug/1623580
https://bugs.launchpad.net/snappy/+bug/1616657
How do I subscribe to a bug?


How to list active displays (on command line)?

The displays that are active have their resolution and offset number shown in the identifying line of xrandr output. Here's what I mean:

$ xrandr | grep connected
eDP1 connected primary 1366x768+1280+256 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 345mm x 194mm
DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
VGA1 connected 1280x1024+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 340mm x 270mm
VIRTUAL1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

In the output you can see that my laptop's built-in monitor and VGA1 both are connected, and have resolution ( in case of built-in display eDP1 it is 1366x768 ). Thus the task simply becomes text-processing of the output. For that purpose , I've written a small function that you can use in your scripts or ~/.bashrc:

get_active_monitors()
{
    xrandr | awk '/\ connected/ && /[[:digit:]]x[[:digit:]].*+/{print $1}'
}

Here's test runs:

With  VGA monitor on

With VGA monitor off


Steam needs to install these additional packages

Your update settings have your CD-ROM files enabled. So every time it tries and updates it automatically looks for those files, which by definition are outdated. Just unselect the cdrom option and:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

should run normally without CD-ROM install files selected.


Ubuntu 16.10 Can't connect to internet (Cable nor wireless)

I had the same problem recently. I installed a different wireless driver, than my wireless adapter required. After that, my iwconfig showed the same. No wireless extensions.

What you got there is loopback interface, which I don't know, why you haven't got there the wireless one as well, but try this. I fixed my problem by installing same kernel version that I got. That fixed and reinstalled some crucial things inside, and now everything works again.

Try it, but of course use your version of kernel, or that one you want!

In case you will use older version, you system might become unstable. If you will use the same one, the system will most probably, just reinstall the incorrect software, for that version of kernel, with correct ones.

sudo apt install <version of your kernel>

Look up your version of kernel, on the Internet.


Is it possible to install Ubuntu without formatting any partitions?

I'm assuming you want to install Ubuntu on a physical disk (as opposed to the Wubi installation, which installs Ubuntu like a Windows software)

It depends on whether you have suitable Linux partitions (ext4, ext3, btrfs ..) on your computer already. If you have such partitions, you don't need to format that partition again. But also note, If the partition doesn't have enough free space, you have to delete some files from that partition to create room for Ubuntu installation.

But, if you want to install Ubuntu as like a Windows program, called Wubi method you don't need to format anything. But still you need to have enough room on the partition, you are going to install Ubuntu in.

Take a look at the Wubi installation guide
A detailed article about Ubuntu's Wubi method, can be found in this Wikipedia article

But there are some limitations of this method, such as hibernation is not supported and slow disk performance etc.


Does having NTFS partitions between my ext4 and linux-swap partitions create any issues in the future?

As summarized by Bufeu on the Ubuntu forums:

  NTFS is a a proprietary file system. It works fine in my servers find it useful for some applications at times. Everything that ntfs-3g can do was achieved by reverse engineering. The NTFS support in Linux(Ubuntu) should be stable. But one of the down sides of NTFS is that it doesn't support Linux file permissions, so this must be set when mounting the partition:
  http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1604251


What might cause programs to randomly disappear?

Apparently this is what was wrong:

"virtualbox is installing 32bit psmisc, which aptdaemon tries to correct in the background, removes it, and by dependency removes a lot of other things"

I think I accidentally downloaded 32bit virtualbox.


The package system is broken when trying to install updates

To get root permission use sudo and then the command, like this >>
sudo apt-get update OR sudo apt-get upgrade OR in your case you have to use sudo apt-get install -f.

By the way if you get an error when you type in the sudo apt-get update command regarding /var/lib/dpkg/lock run this command sudo killall apt-get and if you still get the error, then run this command sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock and you should be able to update successfully the next time you try sudo apt-get update

Hope it helped :)


2 sshd configurations 1 for internal and 1 external

Eric Carvalho's answer works for pre 15.04 but they deprecated and then removed upstart from Ubuntu, SystemdForUpstartUsers.

These steps have been adapted to work with systemd.

Copy the SSH configuration file:

sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config_external
Copy the systemd configuration file:

sudo cp /lib/systemd/system/ssh.service /lib/systemd/system/sshd-external.service

in the new file (/lib/systemd/system/sshd-external.service) change the line:

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $SSHD_OPTS

to:

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $SSHD_OPTS -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config_external

and the line:

Alias=sshd.service

to:

Alias=sshd-external.service
Now customize /etc/ssh/sshd_config_external to your needs (e.g. change Port 22 to Port 12345)
enable the service

sudo ln -s /lib/systemd/system/ssh-external.service /etc/systemd/system/sshd-external.service

If you have run the above command then run sudo systemctl disable sshd-external.service before running the next command

sudo systemctl enable sshd-external.service

sudo service sshd-external start

This has been tested on Ubuntu 16.04 on real hardware and a virtual machine in virtualbox.

Let me know if this doesn't work. I've been known to make typos.


When trying to wget openfire 3.7.1 it doesnt download the right file

You have the incorrect URL.

Try this one:

wget -Oopenfire_src_3_7_1.tar.gz "http://www.igniterealtime.org/downloadServlet?filename=openfire/openfire_src_3_7_1.tar.gz"

  Explanation: You were trying to download the landing page. The actual link above can be found on that page as "If a download window does not appear, please click here."  -O just tells wget to name the output file sensibly.


Can't connect to VPN using Checkpoint SNX

Found a solution for now.

Rolling back Ubuntu to a previous issue upon booting solved the issue for me. Seems to be a problem with newer versions of Ubuntu.


Nautilus does not auto refresh after creating new files in directory

It's the normal behaviour of nautilus.

It can be overcome by editing the file /etc/sysctl.conf

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

and add the line below to the file:

fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1000000

after which you should reload the changes

sudo sysctl -p

You should then see something on the lines of

fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 1000000

and with cat /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches

1000000

Reference Originally an answer for v14.04 but also works on later versions.


No enable wifi option after installing Ubuntu 16.04

Hello,

I had this problem on my Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.

Try disabling secure boot in BIOS.
It worked for me.

Hope I helped,

-orion-


I have some problem with my mouse too.
I have bluetooth mouse (this may not be the case), and some of my left clicks are captured, and some of them are unrecognized.
I have to press the left-click button longer than before.

In the same time, right-click and my tuchpad (left and right) buttons work well.


How do I remote control a DVD player without a remote?

The first idea that jumps to mind is to just use mplayer. SSH into the remote machine, and control playback normally, DISPLAY=:0.0 mplayer dvd://1

The same could be done with xine  too.


How can I set up Ubuntu to install updates without asking?

sudo apt-get install unattended-upgrades

unattended-upgrades can be quickly configured to let you upgrade more than just security updates although you should recognise that sometimes (mainly with Firefox in my experience) upgrades can break running applications. That's something you'll have to weigh up yourself.

To configure edit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades but you can read more about the configuration options on the help site


Boot to external hdd from a UnetBootin usb key

Have a look at Plop Boot Manager. It's a very small ISO, which you can burn to CD or USB, from which you can boot it.

Besides other things, it enables you to boot some devices which your BIOS can't. E.g. I use it to boot an Ubuntu USB on computers without the support of booting from USB devices. Before you boot Plop, make sure that USB Legacy Emulation is disabled in your BIOS setup.


Upgrading from Ubuntu 10.04: "No upgrades available"

I believe the command is

sudo do-release-upgrade

However, since the last upgradable version seems to be 14.04, you will have to use a DVD. 10.04 is not supported anymore, and therefore not upgradable. Only 14.04 on are supported; you will need a clean install


Ubuntu won't start after failed distribution update

The main problem for the system hang at the above mentioned screen was the unstable state of the system after the failed update attempt to Ubuntu 17.10 with the graphical tool.

In the end my solution was to chroot into the old system, work through the encryption of the home folder using the Ubuntu manual (here) and copying everything to a new 17.10 system I just setup. This solution is basically the worst case, apart from no solution and loosing everything. So, now I need to setup and sort out everything.

Definitely a lesson in keeping backups up-to-date.


Let normal user restart service with /etc/sudoers

For sudoers to take effect, you actually have to use sudo. :) Do:

sudo systemctl restart kado-demo.service

And it won't ask for a password.

If you don't use sudo, systemctl falls back to using Polkit for authorization.


Unable to install drivers for Linux Brother DCP-J140W printer

did you follow the instructions here:

http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/instruction_prn3.html

and after that here:

http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/instruction_prn1a.html

After installing and adding the printer:

note the network, parallel or usb connection settings.

often editing printcap is unnecessary, you just have to edit the connection entry in your GUI printer manager or in cups web based administration
according to the second link above

by entering
localhost:631/printers
on your browser.

There, you can click on your printer
select edit printer on the dropdown list at the top of the printer name
Change the connection options as needed.


How to install OpenSSL 1.1.1 and libSSL package?

In fact your question was duplicate and the same question already appeared in Upgrade openssl 1.1.0 to 1.1.1 in Ubuntu 18.04.

As already answered by @Kevin Bowen, openssl 1.1.1 is not in the current Ubuntu repositories, you will need to download, compile, and install the latest OpenSSL version manually.

The same thing I too suggested in the beginning in comments section. My favorite is always to install in /opt, so I suggested that too in comments section.

If you don't want to do, then you will be stuck for ever!

  What is OpenSSL?

  OpenSSL is a command line cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related cryptography standards required by them.

  Most network communication apps and tools that use TLS / SSL protocols may have some OpenSSL tools installed in them. If you’re going to be using applications and packages that depend on the latest versions of OpenSSL, you may have to manually install it on Ubuntu systems.

  OpenSSL relies on two important libraries that are part of the OpenSSL project:

  libssl provides the client and server-side implementations for SSLv3
  and TLS.
  libcrypto provides general cryptographic and X.509 support needed by
  SSL/TLS but not logically part of it

  The default toolket of OpenSSL that comes with Ubuntu isn’t the latest. To get the latest, you must download it yourself and install.

Guide to install the latest version of openssl 1.1.1b on Ubuntu 18.04.

Step 1 : Download openssl 1.1.1b

Download the latest openssl 1.1.1b release from from Ubuntu source package….

OpenSSL Cryptography and SSL/TLS Toolkit

Figure-1: Download openssl 1.1.1b

You can also easily install openssl 1.1.1b package by running the commands below…

wget
https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1b.tar.gz

Step 2 : Install Openssl from the tar.gb package

Now create /opt/openssl directory:

$ sudo mkdir /opt/openssl

Figure-2: Create folder for openssl under /opt directory.

Now that you’ve downloaded the correct archive package for your system into ~/Downloads folder, run the following commands to install Openssl.

$ sudo tar xfvz ~/Downloads/openssl-1.1.1b.tar.gz --directory /opt/openssl

Figure-3: Extraction into /opt/openssl is complete.

$ perl --version

Figure-4: Perl version.

Export LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable with the following value:

$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/openssl/lib

Verify that LD_LIBRARY_PATH is set with correct value by this command:

$ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Figure-5: Value of environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH is /opt/openssl/lib.

Issue the config commands:

 $ cd /opt/openssl/openssl-1.1.1b
 $ sudo ./config --prefix=/opt/openssl --openssldir=/opt/openssl/ssl

Figure-6: config command

Next, issue make command:

$ sudo make

Issue make test command to check for possible errors:

$ sudo make test

Figure-7: Bingo! All tests successful.

Issue make install commands:

$ sudo make install

Where is openssl binary being located?

Issue the following commands:

$ sudo updatedb                              # rebuild library cache
$ locate openssl | grep /opt/openssl/bin

Figure-8: Locate openssl binary.

The directory /usr/bin also has openssl binary which is an earler version. The presence of this unwanted openssl binary /usr/bin/openssl is going to cause us trouble, so we have to check this out!

Issue the following commands in order to tackle /usr/bin/openssl binary:

$ cd /usr/bin
$ ls -l openssl
$ sudo mv openssl openssl.old       # rename earlier version openssl to openssl.old

Figure-9: Rename earlier version of openssl binary to openssl.old.

Step 3 : Setup PATH environment variable

Openssl needs to set PATH environment variables which is to be set as shown below.

Create a file called openssl.sh under /etc/profile.d/ directory.

$ sudo touch /etc/profile.d/openssl.sh
$ sudo vi /etc/profile.d/openssl.sh

Add the following contents:

#!/bin/sh
export PATH=/opt/openssl/bin:${PATH}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/openssl/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}

Save and close the file. Make it executable using the following command.

$ sudo chmod +x /etc/profile.d/openssl.sh

Then, set the environment variables permanently by running the following command:

 $ source /etc/profile.d/openssl.sh

Log out or reboot your system.

Now, check the PATH environment variable:

$ echo $PATH

Figure-10: PATH envirnement variable having /opt/openssl/bin directory

$ which openssl

Figure-11: The binary 'openssl' is under '/opt/openssl/bin' directory

Now, check the openssl version using command:

$ openssl version

Figure-12: openssl latest version

Now, check the openssl version using command line tool:

$ openssl

Figure-13: Check version through 'openssl' command line.

What will happen if LD_LIBRARY_PATH is not properly set?

$ openssl

Figure-14: Error thrown by 'openssl' command line when 'LD_LIBRARY_PATH' is not properly set.

As decribed by Step-3, you must set LD_LIBRARY_PATH to correct value which is  /opt/openssl/lib

$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/openssl/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Summary:

This method downloads, extracts, compiles, and installs the latest OpenSSL version 1.1.1b manually.


How do I disable the lock screen when resuming from suspend or hibernate without losing ability to lock screen manually?

In 12.04 the option to turn off the screen lock does not remove the option to lock the screen from the power/cog button.

Click the power/cog button in upper right
Go to system settings
Click on Brightness and Lock
Slide the slider for Lock to off

All done!


Does the same thing happen with a more "traditional" font? It seems to me like it's the font that causes this


It's very simple, you haven't added the device to your PC. What you need to do is to click on the plus icon and you can search the devices nearby and thus add it. As in my case you could see XOLO A500s in device search. Once you connect to the device it will be shown in the Devices section as you can see MOHSIN added to the list.


How to start Thunderbird minimized on start-up?

I used this addon to start thunderbird in minimized mode by default and added a startup entry for thunderbird by following this guide.


Booting Problem when resterting after directly shutting down

What you must know

Don't worry, it is a normal behavior and you computer should be fine.

You are already starting your Ubuntu GNU/Linux (the Operative System of your PC) correctly: there is no difference between waiting for the countdown or pressing ENTER on the first entry.

If the system was not closed correctly, the boot process after selecting the Operative System will be a bit longer, because the filesystem must be checked for errors to maintain the system stable over time.

Useful notions

The second entry (Advanced options) is for when you have serious boot problems or you want to start an older Ubuntu Linux kernel.

NOTE: starting an older kernel may not allow the correct functionality of some applications and will expose you system to many security issues; I strongly suggest to always start the first menu entry, because it always uses the updated kernel.

The e and c keys are only for advanced users and are intended to make temporary modifications to the system when the administrative users are locked out.

Welcome to the Ubuntu community, feel free to comment under here if you have more doubts.


How to improve battery life on Samsung 13.3” Series 7 Ultra (NP730U3E-S01AU)?

I have almost the same machine (730U3E-S02PL, some slight differences in spec), so I can share my experiences with you. Hopefully it will help you to fix the problems with energy drain.

The main reason for the unnaturally high power consumption is that your discrete graphic card (Radeon) is constantly on. To switch it off, you will have to install the official AMD drivers from:

http://support.amd.com/en-us/download/desktop?os=Linux+x86#amd-catalyst-packages

You can try using beta drivers, but I have found them unstable, so I do not recommend them. Unpack the downloaded file and run amd-driver-installer-XXXXXX.run (with root privileges).

After having installed the drivers, reboot your machine. Run the Catalyst Control Center:

sudo amdcccle

and under the "Graphics switching" or whatever (I've got it in Polish...), choose your Intel card. You will have to reboot your computer again. If you see a window informing you that your computer is running in low graphics mode, do not worry. Click cancel and reboot it again. If unity does not start - power your computer off (by pressing and holding the power button for a few secs) and then on again.

Performing these steps alone improved my battery life from like 2 hours to 4+. It also helps with the fan spinning constantly at high speed.

Next thing you can do is to enable intel_pstate (a new power scaling driver used for modern Intel CPUs):

gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

change the line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash intel_pstate=enable"

Save the file, and run these commands:

sudo update-grub
sudo reboot

Install TLP (tool for setting and managing your power-saving options):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tlp tlp-rdw

Install thermald (a tool developed by Intel's Open Source Technology Center which monitors and controls the CPU temperature, preventing it from overheating):

sudo apt-get install thermald

To be able to switch the CPU scaling driver easily, you can use the cpufreq indicator. Install it by using this command:

sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq

You can find more details here:

http://www.webupd8.org/2014/04/prevent-your-laptop-from-overheating.html
http://linrunner.de/en/tlp/docs/tlp-configuration.html


How to extend the timout in SFTP connections with Nautilus?

This isn't something your client (Nautilus) can change. Instead, the server you are connecting to is closing the connection after a certain period of "inactive" connection time.
If you own the server and can make settings there, try editing /etc/ssh/sshd_config and setting the following values:
ClientAliveInterval 1200
ClientAliveCountMax 3

ClientAliveInterval sets the time in seconds after which the server checks if the client is still connected. ClientAliveCountMax sets how often it does that before it closes the connection.
So for a timeout of 1 hour, you need:
1 hour = 60 minutes = 3600 seconds, so 3 times 1200 seconds (the values above).
Also, see this article for further information on these settings.


How can I temporarily hide the overview when using Alt+Tab?

For this you need the CompizConfig Settings Manager:
sudo apt install compizconfig-settings-manager
sudo apt install compiz-plugins

Open CCSM by going to the dash and type: ccsm.

Click the CCSM icon and:

Scroll down to Ubuntu Unity Plugin.
Choose the tab Switcher.
Disable the Alt+Tab binding ("Key to start the switcher" )
Click the Back button.

This way, you can still Shift+Alt+Tab and do see the icons, whereas Alt+Tab does not show them!


How to remove search history in Popcorn Time in Ubuntu?

Popcorn-Time creates local files in ~/.cache/Popcorn-Time for caching media files it downloads and in ~/.config/Popcorn-Time for Popcorn-Time configuration options where it stores values.

So

 rm -rf /home/$USER/.cache/Popcorn-Time

 rm -rf /home/$USER/.config/Popcorn-Time

will reset Popcorn-Time to its defaults and remove search history.


How to extract still images from VOB file

This is possible with transcode:
transcode -x mpeg2 -i video.vob -y im -F jpg -w 100 -o images

-F of course is the output, -w is the quality, -i the video file, -x the transcoding. -o is the output file base name (if this is not specified the default location is /dev/null). For more see the manual page. Also have a look at transcode export
Installation:
sudo apt-get install transcode


How to remove omgubuntu web app from ubuntu?

I used sqlite database browser to open databases found in ~/.local/share/unity-webapps/ and deleted entries for omgubuntu and ubuntu vibes and in folder resources deleted their icons. Then I went to ~/.local/share/applications/ and deleted related *.desktop files.
But they are still shown in dash so i restarted my PC and they are gone.

Hope this helps!


What was the command that you used to install it? I tried:

sudo apt install mysql-server

and it worked fine however when I tried:

sudo apt install mysql-server-core

it gave me the response

E: Unable to locate package mysql-server-core

Try the first command and see if that works.


ubuntu 20.04 blank screen after suspend and/or closing laptop lid and reopening and/or logging in

I've found a workaround

Set "blank screen" to "never" in settings>power

Set "automatic suspend" to "off" in settings>power

Set "power button action" to anything other than "suspend" in settings>power

The most important :
Open logind.conf file in
etc/systemd using gedit
"sudo gedit /etc/systemd/logind.config"

Then uncomment (remove the #) the line containing "HandleLidSwitch" and set its value to "ignore"


What does 'without password' mean in sshd_config file?

From the manpage:

  PermitRootLogin

  Specifies whether root can log in using ssh(1).  The argument
  must be “yes”, “without-password”, “forced-commands-only”, or
  "no”.  The default is “yes”.

  If this option is set to “without-password”, password
  authentication is disabled for root.

  If this option is set to “forced-commands-only”, root login with
  public key authentication will be allowed, but only if the
  command option has been specified (which may be useful for taking
  remote backups even if root login is normally not allowed).  All
  other authentication methods are disabled for root.

  If this option is set to “no”, root is not allowed to log in.

Thus without-password allows root login only with public key authentication. This is often used with shell scripts and automated tasks.


I fixed the problem, I can now logout and switch users without issue. I do seem to have other problems to investigate.
First there was a very strange issue I discover by accident, system host name. If I did echo $HOSTNAME it would echo the correct host name. Settings/About/Device Name it had my userid. So I changed it to the correct Device Name. I then checked /etc/hosts and it still had my userid. I expected it to be updated but it wasn't. I'm baffled how this happened but it now correct.
The only way I found to fix the logout (and switch user) was to download the current graphic driver update from the AMD website. After installing things were working, however; it appears I have other problems. Checking syslog there are lots of failures. Not sure what installing AMD drivers has done for future updates but I will find out in time. The system doesn't recover from suspend (its now disabled) so perhaps that points to the syslog failures.
This system now boots fast and runs fast!


You don't seem to use any build system, I think that's why you're not getting any files in your package. Have you tried looking at changing your debian/rules file?

It should be pretty easy to do if you simply put a mypackage.install file in debian/ and use the format specified in man dh_install. With appropriate substitutions, that file could look like this:

src/somefile.py usr/share/mypackage/
src/someotherfile.py usr/share/mypackage
bin/myexecutable usr/bin
image/test.png usr/share/icons/some/icon/dir/

If you do use a build system, override the dh_auto_* targets as explain in the link above  (Python Packaging Guide) so that you're installing only these files and the build system (e.g distutils) doesn't interfere with files in your package.


How can I convert many images into a movie?

Using ffmpeg, from here:

cd /path/to/images
ffmpeg -f image2  -r 1/5 -pattern_type glob -i './*.png' -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p out.mp4

The other option is mencoder. I didn't test it, but you can find some instructions here on SuperUser.

And it looks like this SuperUser answer works fine for a huge number of images:

ls -1v | grep JPG > files.txt
mencoder -nosound -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=21600000 -o windowsill_flowers_7.avi -mf type=jpeg:fps=24 mf://@files.txt -vf scale=1920:1080


Will I be able to run Java, C or Python natively in Ubuntu Phone as I would on a PC?

I have a BQ Aquarius E4.5 running Ubuntu 15.04 (r23). It comes with Python 3 (just remember to start "python3" - "python" does not exist and does not symlink to Python 3) so that's a start.

I can't see any gcc, cc, or Java on the phone, and no hits on "gcc" or "compiler" or "java" in the Ubuntu Store. If you make the file system read-write you should be able to install all kinds of stuff directly via apt-get but will then lose out on the over-the-air updates as I understand it. However, for developer work that is probably OK ?


Ubuntu 12.10 - where are block devices of whole disk /dev/sda /dev/sdb

You should open a ticket at OVH.

As a workaround:

mknod /dev/sda b 8 0
mknod /dev/sdb b 8 16


What is the differences between &> and 2>&1

Bash's man page mentions there's two ways to redirect stderr and stdout:
&> file  and >& file. Now, notice that it says both stderr and stdout.

In case of this >file 2>&1 we are doing redirection of stdout (1) to file, but then also telling stderr(2) to be redirected to the same place as stdout ! So the purpose may be the same, but the idea slightly different. In other words "John, go to school; Suzzie go where John goes".

What about preference ? &> is  a bash thing. So if you're porting a script, that won't do it. But if you're 100% certain your script will be only working on system with bash - then there's no preference

Here's an example with dash , the Debian Amquist Shell which is Ubuntu's default.

$ grep "YOLO" * &> /dev/null
$ grep: Desktop: Is a directory
grep: Documents: Is a directory
grep: Downloads: Is a directory
grep: Music: Is a directory
grep: Pictures: Is a directory
grep: Public: Is a directory
grep: Templates: Is a directory
grep: Videos: Is a directory
grep: YOLO: Is a directory
grep: bin: Is a directory

As you can see, stderr is not being redirected

To address your edits in the question,  you can use if statement to check $SHELL variable and change redirects accordingly

But for most cases > file 2>&1 should work

In more technical terms, the form [integer]>&word is called Duplicating Output File Descriptor, and is a feature specified by POSIX Shell Command Language standard, which is supported by most POSIX-compliant and Brourne-like shells.

See also What does & mean exactly in output redirection?


radeon mobility hd 6620g hdmi sound output not working

sudo apt-get remove --purge xorg-driver-fglrx fglrx fglrx-update

sudo apt-get install fglrx

sudo aticonfig --initial

sudo shutdown now -rf

now it runs like a champ


Deleted files not increasing available free space as reported by df -h

Please show the output of du -c / | grep total and df -hi to judge where the space went. Also, refer to this post about Flushing the Postgresql cache.

EDIT: You might want to either vacuum and reindex the database, or dump and restore. The growing size on many DELETE operations is a feature, not a bug, of Postgresql. See here.


No internet connection even if it reports auto ethernet connection established

Connecting to ethernet does not ensure that your Internet is connected. Successful establishment of Auto eth 0 connection tells us that modem and ethernet port are now connected, but there is no information about whether modem is connected to internet or not. So the problem is with your modem, either reboot your modem, or ask the ISP that you are not able to connect to internet through modem. Sometimes restarting modem may work.


Xubuntu 16.04 - system unusable after update: failed to load kernel modules - no mouse - no wifi - keyboard works - help?

After a fair amount of fiddling I was able to upgrade the GRUB loader via the repair mode, which gave me access to 'older' repair modes of xubuntu, which did manage to engage network mode. I then followed the instructions by
kansasnoob in this thread which solved my issues.

In Recovery Mode the first thing you must do is select Enable networking. That not only enables networking but mounts the file systems in read/write mode which is necessary to do anything. You'll be asked for confirmation so just select yes and then you'll be returned to the menu again so select Drop to root shell. From there you'll need to run some commands to try and recover. It may be necessary to repeat these in no specific order as you proceed (no sudo needed because you are in a root shell):
apt-get update
dpkg --configure -a
apt-get dist-upgrade
apt-get -f install


Lower Unity's resource usage on Ubuntu 12.10

I fixed the problem.
I installed gnome-classic using this command:

sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback

Now I am running gnome-classic, and it's super fast!


What package do I need to build a Qt 5 & CMake application?

I just stumbled upon this question while trying to compile KeePassX 2.0.
What helped me was to use apt-file to search for the missing packages:
For example running this:

apt-file search Qt5CoreConfig.cmake

Returned the following packages:

qtbase5-dev: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cmake/Qt5Core/Qt5CoreConfig.cmake
qtbase5-gles-dev: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cmake/Qt5Core/Qt5CoreConfig.cmake

These packages can then be installed with apt or apt-get, e.g.:

sudo apt install qtbase5-dev


fglrx causes fallback mode, doesn't work

You should install the package linux-headers-generic with this command:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic

or use this link:

Then reinstall the video driver.


Find recursively in folders, subfolders and multiple files

There is no need to use grep, find can do exactly what you seek.

Use:

find  -iname "*.html" -printf "%f\n"

It will look for all html files and only prints out their name.

If you want all names at the same line:

find  -iname "*.html" -printf "%f "


.run application won't run even after I became a root user

Ok. I made a foolish mistake. I was trying to run the file by clicking on it but what I should've done was to use the terminal instead.
Don't make the same mistake as I did.
1- Go to the directory where your *.run file is located.
2- Right click and choose "Open in terminal"(Or open the terminal first and navigate to the directory. For example cd /home/[username]/Downloads).
3- Run the following command to make your file executable :
sudo chmod 755 file_name.run
4- Run this command to execute the installer :
sudo ./file_name.run
Hope this helped. Sorry if I wasn't clear when I asked the question.


How do I use 'notify-send' to immediately replace an existing notification?

You can, but you must use a patched libnotify to do so

notify-send does not have the capability to replace existing notifications before they have timed out (or disappeared). This is a known bug. However, a commenter on the bug report has posted a patch to fix it.

Installing the patched libnotify-bin from PPA

I have created a patched version of the libnotify-bin package which allows replacements in my PPA. Currently it's for Ubuntu 12.04 only, but if you need it for any other currently supported release, please post a comment and I will try my best to make it available.

To install, open a terminal and:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:izx/askubuntu
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libnotify-bin

How to use the replacement capabilities

The patched notify-send includes two new switches, -p (or --print-id ), and -r (or --replace-id ). The --help describes them as:

  -p, --print-id                    Print the notification ID.
  -r, --replace-id=REPLACE_ID       The ID of the notification to replace.

With -p, each notify-send will return an ID N (number/integer).
Issuing another notify-send with -r N will replace the previous notification immediately.
For example, for bash, you can save the ID from notify-send -p ... with:

NID=$(notify-send -p "MESSAGE-1")

and then replace it with:

notify-send -r $NID "MESSAGE-2"

You can recursively use both -p and -r in a script, as long as the -r variable is initialized to 0 at the beginning.
Here's a simple script that shows notifications counting from 0 to 100 at half-second intervals:

#!/bin/bash
NID=0
for i in {0..100..10}
    do
          NID=$(notify-send -p -r $NID $i)
          sleep 0.5
    done


How to replace corrupted Ubuntu files so my installation works again?

Well you can put installation USB into your machine and start installation process.

In installation menu you can choose to repair your Ubuntu installation (to replace system files and not to touch your personal files.

I suppose that Chromium sessions are stored locally (in /home/user) so you won't lose it reinstalling Ubuntu.


You need to do this instead (use a wildcard):

sudo apt-get purge wine-*

Always be careful when using wildcards and be sure to review the changes before accepting them by choosing "Y".

Furthermore, the command you ran: sudo apt-cache pkgnames wine only shows a list of available packages not files or installed applications.

To view installed applications, you can run the following:

dpkg -l | grep wine

To view any files, run this instead:

sudo find / -name "wine*" | grep wine

Don't worry about the icon results for .svg and .png files as they have nothing to do with any installed application but are a part of the icon theme sets.


How do I add a Steam library folder that's in a separate drive?

This is pretty easily solved via some googling but I'll throw out what I think off the top of my head having done this on Windows.

The biggest thing you'll need to do is find where your external drive is mounted, and make sure you have read-write access. If the drive is NTFS formatted you will probably need to make sure ntfs 3g is set up and running as opposed to the kernel drivers. I also have no idea how proton works but in normal steam you'll then need to go to settings > downloads and configure the drive as a source for games.


Replace your CMOS battery if you removed it. If you replaced your CMOS battery after removing it, you may have a problem with a usb port or controller. You can contact Asus support at http://support.asus.com/ServiceHome.aspx?SLanguage=en


Will it cause problem if I never shutdown my PC and use `suspend` instead of it?

Well, it might a good idea to restart when Ubuntu asks you too (e.g. kernel installation), but generally it should not be a problem to just use suspend-only mode of operation.

As for the 'for week' part – it depends – the computer will draw small amount of power (as does your telly, etc.), so if you leave it unplugged, you might found it dead after some period of time because of battery would be drained.  How much time is that is hard to generally say.


Ubuntu in VirtualBox does not start after restart and shows weird pixelated screen

As memory serves me, switching TTY's should fix the problem.

In your case, I can't see what your HOST key is set for, so please take note. To fix your video problem, hit the  host_key + F1, followed by host_key + F7. It's a bug.

On a Mac, you may have to host_key + fn + F1 and then host_key + fn + F7

For the journal errors... check your file system...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f / (or sudo fsck -f /dev/sda1)
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


Which has better compatibility with ubuntu - xps 13 / xps 14?

XPS 13 / XPS 15! I can´t finde a XPS 14? :-)

I have the XPS 13 (9350) and it works fine without problems. After the XPS 13 arrived me, the first thing what I do. I re-installed the Ubuntu - Version (no upgrade). Now my XPS 13 runs with Ubuntu 16.04. and I can´t find issus.

The biggest problem for me is the "ubuntu software". It makes me crazy.
But with Synaptic i can work without the "new" "ubuntu software".

Back to your question. I think the XPS 13 and the 15 works both fine with Ubuntu and i think there would be working better in the future... in a few month.

I have the low price version of the XPS 13, without touch and iris-hd.


Terminal shows "Couldn't open audio: Couldn't open audio device or ESD connection" after launching a game and there is no sound in the game

You may just need to install osspd

apt install osspd

Tested successfully in Ubuntu 18.10 with an old Linux game


How can I know if a certain service is running or not?

sudo service foo status

See man service manpage for the service command


Can only log in as "guest" after editing /etc/passwd to change UID to 0

Start the computer and press Left Shift to enter the grub menu and choose Advanced Options for Ubuntu:

In the following menu choose Ubuntu, with Linux xx.xx.x-xx-generic (recovery mode):

  Note: I placed here small x for the kernel version numbers so don't get confused, on my system, since it is 17.10 it is 4.13.0-16 but on your system this may differ.

The system will then boot up into the following screen where you should choose enable networking to begin with. It prompts you that it needs to remount the file-system in read-and-write mode, you need to allow this.

  Note: This step is easier as remounting the drive into read-write from command line

You will be returned to this selection after that. Now you can choose to go into a root shell. Press Return once to be finally in as root on a writable file-system.

Now enter the following:

cd /etc
nano passwd

Inside the editor navigate to the last line and revert the change. The line should look something like this:

username:x:1000:1000:username,,,:/home/username:/bin/bash

Where username is your username.

After you have made your changes press ctrl+x to exit the program, you are then asked to confirm that you want to write, which you should do by pressing y and finally you are asked for a name to save to. There you don't need to change anything, just press Return.

As final command enter:

reboot

And this should solve your problem. Have fun!

Note: Ah and before I forget, tell your friend to keep his fingers out of the system unless he really knows what he is doing. :)


I believe you will need to use the newer systemd service on Ubuntu 16.04 rather than the /etc/init.d. Here you will create a service file to run your script after the local-fs.target.

let me present you with a sample of how this would be done.

Create the needed service file in the /etc/systemd/system directory
The file would look like this:

[Unit]
Description=Script to run after fstab
After=local-fs.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/bin/bash -c "/script/to/run.sh"

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

And of course you will set up the service with:

sudo systemctl start <name_of_service>
sudo systemctl enable <name_of_service>

That would be how it could be done, please I haven't tested it myself, and here is link to documentation to help you further. Please look at other options available for the various fields in the service file.

https://access.redhat.com/articles/754933

https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/bootup.html

https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.html#

Note: that the noauto fstab mount option matters here see

 local-fs-pre.target
                |
                v
       (various mounts and   (various swap   (various cryptsetup
        fsck services...)     devices...)        devices...)       (various low-level   (various low-level
                |                  |                  |             services: udevd,     API VFS mounts:
                v                  v                  v             tmpfiles, random     mqueue, configfs,
         local-fs.target      swap.target     cryptsetup.target    seed, sysctl, ...)      debugfs, ...)
                |                  |                  |                    |                    |
                \__________________|_________________ | ___________________|____________________/
                                                     \|/
                                                      v
                                               sysinit.target
                                                      |
                 ____________________________________/|\________________________________________
                /                  |                  |                    |                    \
                |                  |                  |                    |                    |
                v                  v                  |                    v                    v
            (various           (various               |                (various          rescue.service

                |                  |                  |                                         v
                v                  v                  v                                 emergency.target
            display-        (various system    (various system
        manager.service         services           services)
                |             required for            |
                |            graphical UIs)           v
                |                  |           multi-user.target
                |                  |                  |
                \_________________ | _________________/
                                  \|/
                                   v
                         graphical.target

Looking at the diagram above your targets would be local-fs.target or sysinit.target not entirely sure as the latter covers all file systems. So you decide on the phase when your script would run to give you the desired effect.

You can also set a specific mountpoint as a target foobar.mount. Find your complete list with systemctl list-units --type=mount.


Best way to partition Ubuntu 12.04 alongside with windows 7 on 1 Terra HD. (with priority for Ubuntu)

There are various possibilities. Here are some scenarios.
Simple
Partition 1: Ubuntu (remaining space)
Partition 2: Swap (16GB)
Partition 3: Windows (100GB)
With common partition for Data
Partition 1: Ubuntu (200GB)
Partition 2: Swap (16GB)
Partition 3: Windows (100GB)
Partition 4: Data (NTFS, remaining space)
With separate home partition
Partition 1: Ubuntu (200GB)
Partition 2: Swap (16GB)
Partition 3: Windows (100GB)
Partition 4: Home (ext4, mount point /home, remaining space)


how to make a separate log file for bind service in rsyslog?

For separate the bind9 service log file, just need to adding logging section in the name.conf.local file as below:

logging {
channel default_file {
    file "/var/log/named/default.log" versions 5 size 5m;
    severity notice;
    print-severity yes;
    print-time yes;
};
channel general_file {
    file "/var/log/named/general.log" versions 3 size 5m;
    severity dynamic; //notice;
    print-severity yes;
    print-time yes;
};
channel database_file {
    file "/var/log/named/database.log" versions 3 size 5m;
    severity dynamic;
    print-severity yes;
    print-time yes;
};
channel queries_file {
    file "/var/log/named/queries.log" versions 3 size 5m;
    severity dynamic;
    print-severity yes;
    print-time yes;
};
channel client_file {
    file "/var/log/named/client.log" versions 3 size 5m;
    severity dynamic;
    print-severity yes;
    print-time yes;
};
channel resolver_file {
    file "/var/log/named/resolver.log" versions 3 size 5m;
    severity dynamic;
    print-severity yes;
    print-time yes;
};
channel security_file {
    file "/var/log/named/security.log" versions 3 size 10m;
    severity dynamic;
    print-time yes;
};
category security { security_file; };
category default{ default_file;  };
category general { general_file; };
category database { database_file; };
};

Here describe the meaning of each word in this section.


Cannot connect to OpenVPN after upgrade to 18.04

WARNING

  This solution is only for users who cannot upgrade the VPN server. If you have admin access to your VPN server, please upgrade it and generate new keys, otherwise you will lose VPN security!

You need to add the following options in your OpenVPN config file:

tls-cipher "DEFAULT:@SECLEVEL=0"
remote-cert-tls server

This seems to not be possible with the network-manager GUI tool (correct me if I'm wrong), so you need to export your network-manager config to a file using this command:

nmcli c export MyVPN > ~/myvpn.openvpn

Then add the two options mentioned above to the end of the file, and launch openVPN from command line using this command:

sudo openvpn --config ~/myvpn.openvpn

Once you verify that the connection is working again, you can import back your unpdated configuration file and continue to use the Network Manager to setup the tunnel (thanks Eineki):

nmcli c import type openvpn file myvpn.ovpn


Access Denied creating a folder in a Samba Share from a windows client

After looking through another question here, I found a link on a question someone else had asked which was a good answer, which is listed below:

http://www.krizna.com/ubuntu/setup-file-server-ubuntu-14-04-samba/

So my problem was solved by:

Rebuilding the server to ensure all the settings I messed with were refreshed.
Followed the instructions on the website listed above.
It all worked.

Many thanks for to this community for being there and providing an answer.


What does the menubar do in ubuntu terminal?

The default terminal being used in Ubuntu is actually intended for Gnome environment, where you can see top Menubars of applications you are running constantly . However, Unity - the default environment in Ubuntu,  always auto hides Menubars.Thus the "Show Menu Bar" option is useful when in Gnome environment, and as you stated doesn't make any difference in Unity.


You could use tesseract-ocr or cuneiform directly (command line) or with another frontend, try gscan2pdf, it can use a scanner, but you can load an image file, too.


You should also install the developer tools for libsdl and libsdl-ttf, which provides the header files, and the binaries which will you link against. I don't know their exact names, but they will end with -dev.

Also keep in mind that you have to configure the linker options in Eclipse, to manage to run the program - you just simply add -lSDL and -lSDL_ttf to the linker options.


Can't access Live User Session account in ubuntu 12.04

The guest user account is not listed in the User Accounts screen in System Settings (at least in 12.04). If you want to log in as a live user you can do it in the login screen when you log out from the administrator user or when you switch on your computer and you go to the same login screen (if you don't have the automatic login for the administrator user).


To install the traceroute package, enter the following at the command-line:

sudo apt install traceroute

That worked fine for me. If it does not work for you, check if you have a network problem and make sure other things are updated first, like this:

sudo apt update

followed by

sudo apt upgrade

and then after that, try installing traceroute again.


ubuntu 16.04 doesnot detect second screen while screen is locked

That is because the screen of your laptop is set as the main screen and the external screen is set as the 2nd screen. You can edit this by changing the order Settings -> and then turn off the slide of your internal screen. Now when you lock your screen the login should be on your external screen


First make a backup of all the files that you want to keep

This should be made in every case. A computer or a hard drive can always fail, so everyone who has important files should make backups from time to time. You'll especially need to do this in both of this cases.

"I want to use Ubuntu and Windows side by side (dual boot)"

Do this if you want to decide when you turn on your machine whether you want to use windows or Ubuntu. When you install Ubuntu, it will offer you to install it besides your Windows installation. You can access the files on your Windows system easily, since it will appear as a hard drive in the file browser of Ubuntu.

In short:

(you may do a backup of your most important files (recommended), just to be on the safe way)
download disc image and create a bootable usb device or CD/DVD
boot from the device you created
follow the instructions to install Ubuntu besides Windows
to access your files just go to the file manager and search for the windows hdd partition.

"I want to use Ubuntu only and delete Windows (and therefore all it's files)"

The easiest will be to backup all the files you need (for example on an external HDD or other USB device) and install Ubuntu from scratch. It's exactly the same as above, but while installation choose to delete windows and use ubuntu only. All files will be deleted, so make sure your backup is complete.

In short:

make a backup of all the files you want to keep.
download disc image and create a bootable usb device or CD/DVD
boot from the device you created
follow the instructions to install Ubuntu, and choose to delete Windows during installation.
copy the backup on your Ubuntu installation.


Disable Wake on Lan in the bios.  If you have WOL enabled, then the NIC stays on so it can wake up the computer.


How to see the Video Card Temperature (Nvidia, ATI, Intel...)

An alternative for nvidia cards is to use nvidia-smi: the "NVIDIA System Management Interface program".

user@box:~$ nvidia-smi -q -d temperature
GPU 0:
            Product Name            : GeForce 210
            PCI ID                  : a6510de
            Temperature             : 39 C

Or to output just the numeric value in Celsius:

user@box:~$ nvidia-smi --query-gpu=temperature.gpu --format=csv,noheader
39


How to find all the available commands in a package before installing it?

You can use apt-file (is not installed by default in Ubuntu). Before of the first use, run apt-file update to fetch contents files from apt-sources.

Here is an example:

apt-file -F list geany | egrep -w "(s|)bin"
geany: /usr/bin/geany

And an example with a package with more commands:

apt-file -F list mesa-utils | egrep -w "(s|)bin"
mesa-utils: /usr/bin/glxdemo
mesa-utils: /usr/bin/glxgears
mesa-utils: /usr/bin/glxheads
mesa-utils: /usr/bin/glxinfo

In this case the commands are, evidently: glxdemo, glxgears, glxheads and glxinfo.


My Files Are On Ubuntu 16.04 that doesn't boot

Lets first check your file system for errors.

To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

If for some reason you can't do the above...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted and determine which /dev/sdaX is your Ubuntu EXT4 partition
quit gparted
open a terminal window
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdaX # replacing X with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


Turn off or disable the guest account in kUbuntu using KDE system settings GUI

Go to: System Settings
On the bottom under "System Administration" click "Login Screen (LightDM)"
Click the "General" tab
Uncheck "Allow guest login"
Click "Apply"

Note: The following are good related post on turning off or disabling guest accounts:

How do I disable the guest session?
Removing Guest Session at login in Ubuntu 14.04


How to fix boot error for install on a RAID 5 configuration

You may be missing a separate /boot partition at the start of your disk. See the end of your log file:

The boot files of [Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS] are far from the start of the disk. Your BIOS may not detect them.
You may want to retry after creating a /boot partition (EXT4, >200MB, start of the disk).
This can be performed via tools such as gParted.
Then select this partition via the [Separate /boot partition:] option of [Boot Repair]. (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootPartition)

Tutorial: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootPartition


How do i switch video display output command line?

You can try xrandr. With no commands it will list the different options you have. Then you can choose the one you need:

xrandr

xrandr --help

xrandr --output HDMI-0


You can either use  the xrandr command-line tool this shows you the names of different outputs available on your system (LVDS, VGA-0, etc.) and resolutions available on each.

sudo su
xrandr

Or You can direct xrandr to set a different resolution using the following command

sudo su
xrandr --output VGA --mode 800×600 --rate 75

Due to buggy hardware or drivers, your monitor's correct resolutions may not always be detected. If the mode already exists, but just isn't associated for the particular output using the following command

sudo su
xrandr --addmode VGA 800×600

There are several ways to make xrandr customizations permanent from session to session:

1- A user's ~/.xprofile file is executed on Xorg startup if it exists and is executable. You can copy and paste xrandr command line strings into this file so they're executed when you log in.

2- Both kdm/gdm/lightdm  have startup scripts that are executed when X is initiated. In either case, you can paste in an xrandr command line string into one of these scripts.

3- xorg.conf, see man xorg.conf for full details on how to use an xorg.conf file.

Check man page from here:
http://www.x.org/archive/X11R6.8.0/doc/xorg.conf.5.html


Is it possible a system recovery for non-bootable offline PC with bad-transitioned ubuntu 18.04?

Resolution:

The machine accepted a SD-card boot as a "USB boot", first with Rescatux 0.51 beta 3, a data rescue linux live distribution, executed some partition procedures and then, a SD-card boot with 64-bit Ubuntu 16.04.6 for desktop  :)

More Details:

I was random-searching linux distros in Distrowatch, and stumble upon Batocera Linux, a minimal retrogaming-oriented linux distro, which can be booted from a usb or sd-card.
In the guidelines of Batocera, mentions Balena Etcher, a software to flash usb or sd-card, and in this case, to flash Batocera to a sd-card (read the Frequently asked questions in Balena Etcher Homepage for doubts)
Successfully sd-card boot with Batocera, but I was unable to access to terminal of Batocera or get internet in Batocera
Try to sd-card boot with the 64-bit Ubuntu 18.04 Desktop, but does not work
Try to sd-card boot with Parabuntu-2016.11.1, but does not work
Successfully sd-card boot with Rescatux 0.51 beta 3, and proceed to wipe out partitions and put others.
Successfully sd-card boot with 64-bit Ubuntu 16.04.6 for desktop.


my windows do not resize when I drag them on top or on side of my screen

You'll need to make sure that settings is setup in Compiz.  Here's how to do it.

If you don't Have Compiz Config Settings Manager installed you can install it by running the following command in a terminal:

 sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

You can then launch it by running the following command in the terminal

ccsm

You'll then want to find the 'Grid' Settings Option under Window Management.  Then if you click on the 'Edges' tab you'll be able to change the drop-down menus in "Resize Actions" to whatever you want to setup the edge-binding resize actions.


Ubuntu 12.04LTS password is indicated invalid (greeter and tty) even if password is correct. Passwd fails

Ok Finally I got it solved:

I just reinstalled all the packages which was related to the PAM, I do not know which one exactly was causing the problems:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libpam-cap libpam-ck-connector libpam-cracklib libpam-gnome-keyring libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-winbind libpam0g


What is the screen saver showing animated physics simulations?

I suggested xscreensaver which contains loads of options, some are science based (molecules, space..) with more available optionally.

Refer https://packages.ubuntu.com/search?suite=all&searchon=names&keywords=xscreensaver

xscreensaver was already installed with my system (lubuntu), but can be added with sudo apt install xscreensaver if your release/flavor doesn't include it by default.

You may wish to disable your own screensaver (which can vary on flavor/release)., or add additional optional packages which increase your available choices.


Adding keyboard shortcuts to nautilus 3.18.5

Go to System Settings, and open the keyboard panel, and click on the shortcuts button/tab, and scroll down to custom shortcuts. Set your shortcut there.


The error message in your question says to add the --disable-lua option to the ./configure command to ignore the error message like this:

./configure --disable-lua

./configure --help will show you all options for that particular configure script.

Alternatively you can install the lua5.2 package and run ./configure without any options. This package contains the Lua command line interpreter and bytecode compiler. Install it if you are developing or using Lua scripts.

sudo apt install lua5.2

If you would accept an Ubuntu Software alternative to compiling VLC that you downloaded from its website, you have a choice between the vlc 3.0 apt package (sudo apt install vlc) or the vlc 4.0 edge channel snap package (sudo snap install vlc --channel edge).


FIND command to find files and exclude one subdirectory

The problem is that ! -path "/main/videos/internal/file/Secure/*" will avoid subdirectories under /main/videos/internal/file/Secure/ only, not any other Secure directory in the hierarchy involved here. For example, /main/videos/internal/file/foobar/Secure/spam.MOV will still show up in the output.

So if you want to exclude all Secure directories (and subdirectories), you can use the -prune action of find here :

find /main/videos/internal/files/ -type d -name 'Secure' -prune -o \
      -type f \( -name '*.mxf' -o -name '*.MOV' \) -mtime +14 -print

To match the files you can use -regex :

find /main/videos/internal/files/ -type d -name 'Secure' -prune -o \
      -type f -regex '.*\.\(mxf\|MOV\)$' -mtime +14 -print


Why Does SSH Only Offer Two Pub Key Ciphers?

This is definitely the wrong place for this question.
If you're concerned about the security of RSA, you might want to learn more about it, learn the math, or study openssh's implementation (http://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/usr.bin/ssh/). This is much better than speculation.
Unlike with DES or AES, the idea of a "Backdoor" in RSA doesn't make sense.
You are now on an NSA list of people interested in very strong encryption, probably under your real name. If you really need to keep anything secret from them, be careful.


What is the full path name of the default font file used in a Terminal

If you don't like the font, I think you should start with going to the Preferences of gnome-terminal and select some other font.
As regards colors, it has nothing to do with the font. The file ~/.bashrc includes stuff which controls that.


desktop wallpaper is upside down in lubuntu

My thought after hearing this is that the pictures that you are trying to set as desktop wallpaper contain some EXIF data that define their orientation.

While the photo ought to have been taken upside down, the EXIF data (that the camera included in the photo) inform your system that the picture was taken this way, and thus it displays the picture as it should be. This should be true for the file manager and for the picture viewer, in your case, but not for the application drawing your desktop.

My suggestion would be to open the picture in a program like Gimp, that will open it as is, and rotate it normally, then overwrite the original (or save it as a new image) and set it again as desktop background.


Unable to launch Software Updater, Software & Updates, and Kazam in Ubuntu 18.04

Here's what I did:

I called sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 1

I called sudo update-alternatives --config python3

I select the alternative python path to be Python 3.6.


How can I access the locational data of the currently selected file or folder?

With a little reaserch, I found out what you may be looking for. This can be done using .desktop files. Let me demonstrate.

Create a file in your home diretory(as an example) with the extension .desktop with the following content:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=true
Exec=bash <path-to-your-script> %u
Name=visible name here
Comment=comment here
Icon=icon path here

Replace <path-to-your-script> with path of the script you want to execute. Here %u is the path of the file which you will be dragging on the .desktop file to trigger the script. This will obviously be passed as an argument to your script.

Don't forget to make your .desktop  executable as well by:

chmod u+x test.desktop

To check if it is working you can point it to this script:

#!/bin/sh

echo $1 > ~/out.txt

You will see the full path of the file which you dragged onto your .desktop file stored in out.txt in you home directory.

Finally, you can set up a dock to have just this in it, so you have it at the side of the screen.

References:

Desktop Entry Specification

Gnome Developer - Desktop Files


i install sqlplus in ubuntu 16.04 but at last

sqlplus seems to use sys user as default
this topic may help you! https://community.oracle.com/message/10205682#10205682

What you want is to create a new user.
default user is sys so you will need to connect to the db from the server itself (through ssh).
sqlplus "/ AS SYSDBA shall connect you as sys.


How can I delete from cursor to start in terminal (delete, not cut)

If you don't need to paste command B anywhere later, you can do this:

While on point 3 in your list, you can type CTRL+C. This will abort the command you are currently typing and you get a new clean prompt:

$ foofooofoofoo^C
$

If you do need command B later, you can make use of the "middle-button-paste". To do this, you can select the text with the mouse and later paste it by clicking the mouse wheel or both mouse buttons simultaneously.


Yes, it is as simple as that.

When you install ubuntu, GRUB loader is installed as well. This loader prompts when you turn your computer on and let you choose which OS you'd like to use.

As per placing the flash drive in your PC: It doesn't matter. Just remember to change the BOOT order to USB first.

Good to know you're coming to the Linux side of the force :)


Mount FTP so it will be possible to execute shell commands

There's nothing that will mount and let you execute remote shell commands.

But the mounting it simple enough:

sudo apt-get install curlftpfs
curlftpfs ftp://username:password@server /target/

You can then run local shell commands by cding into /target/ (obviously change that in both cases to somewhere you'd actually like to mount it) and then run whatever you want.

If you need to run remote FTP commands, you're best off with a proper FTP client like Filezilla.


Can skype app copy, open or delete my personal files?

Any Deb application can open/read/copy/delete any of your personal files already.

Any Snap application can open/read/copy/delete all non-hidden (non-.dotfile) personal files already. This is more limited access than Deb applications.

Any Deb application can change your system already (install/remove scripts run as root). This is why it's very important to install only from trusted sources - a malicious package can do tremendous damage.

A Snap application is confined by AppArmor rules. It cannot make changes to your system. It cannot even read many system files.

Skype is distributed today as either Deb, Snap, etc.


How to upload many images to Google Photo?

The answer to this question seems very trivial. All you have to do is open your file explorer (Nautilus) and photos.google.com and then drag the entire directory structure to the web page as given in the screen shot!

Just drag and drop the "Images" folder. It is not a problem if the folder contains other files. Google will detect and upload only photos and videos. At the end of the upload, it will show a list of files which were not uploaded.


Any Application Open Causes A New Tab In Ubuntu 12.10

I have no idea what could be causing that problem, but I have some suggestions as to where to start for a workaround:

Try creating a new user account and logging into that. Then start up your applications and see if the same issue happens. If not, then copy your documents over into the new user account and use that account instead of your old one.

If the problem isn't localised to your user account, try booting Ubuntu off a livecd or USB stick. See if the problem still happens. Most likely it won't. If that's the case then one sure fire way to fix the problem is the reinstall Ubuntu.

I'd use the 13.04 live disc though, as there's not much point reinstalling an old OS version, unless there's a particular issue with the new version that you need to avoid.


First of all, I believe the newer versions of Apache do not use httpd.conf or any of that so I'm not going to discuss "httpd" anything.

I believe the right way to make this warning go away is to NOT TOUCH apache2.conf.

I've read that this file is updated any time apache2 is updated and if you're like me, you don't want things you've already done to get undone.  So use a .conf file under /etc/apache2/available-sites/

My installation had a default file... like 000-default.conf.  If yours doesn't you should probably google a2enconf and learn about creating the .conf files and using a2enconf to make the symlinks.

First thing I did was uncomment ServerName and set it to localhost expecting the warning to go away.  Alas, the warning was still there.

My warning had the word 'global'.  So I realized the line I changed was inside a <VirtualHost> tag and supposed that wasn't global.  I added "ServerName localhost" on the outside of the vhost tag but still in the 000-default.conf file and voila.  Problem solved.  And I didn't need to touch apache2.conf so I will never have to bugger with this again even when I update and Apache overwrites apache2.conf.  I Hope this clarifies some things about the warning.  I hate warnings as much as errors.  I like everything to function perfectly but also quietly.


Catalyst Control Center disables dual screen on login

I think the problem is that the file (xorg.conf) is being deleted. As (if I remember correctly) ATI's control center saves your display configuration in that file (just like NVIDIA's one).


Lubuntu 13.10 Installer does not detect Windows 7 or any partitions & black screen during install

check to see if you have damage in file-system you use FAT32/NTFS, i had the same issue.


You could give UbuDSL a try, though it hasn't been updated in a little while, and I'm not 100% sure if your modem will be supported, but it might just work.

BTW I found a pair of links that might help (though documentation otherwise seems a bit lacking):

http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=9498429&postcount=5
http://ubumodems.blogspot.com/


Ubuntu 16.04 and Cubic for customised Kernel

Got it working by downloading the recently released Ubuntu 16.04.4 and installing the HWE Kernel option when you are booting via ISO.

Thanks!


Thank you @sadaharu-wakisaka ! It indeed helped me :)
First, I had to disable dell-bios:
git clone https://github.com/TomFreudenberg/dell-bios-fan-control.git
cd dell-bios-fan-control
make
sudo ./dell-bios-fan-control 0

Then use i8kutils to set up the fan:
git clone https://github.com/vitorafsr/i8kutils
cd i8kutils
make
sudo ./i8kctl fan 2 2

Now I'm not sure if there's anything I could do to automate it, so every time I want to control the fan I need to disable dell-bios with sudo ./dell-bios-fan-control 0 and then sudo ./i8kctl fan 2 2. It works every time!
Thanks.


Can I recover a former version of a libreoffice document?

It's probably too late for that but you could try running a file recovery program like PhotoRec on the partition the doc was saved on.

This will only work on the off-chance that the updated revision isn't occupying the same file system block as the old one. Make sure to use your partition as little as possible until the file recovery is complete. Every additional disk write holds the risk of overwriting the file you are searching for.

Also, PhotoRec has no way of discovering what your files used to be called. After running the file recovery you might have to go through a long list of documents to find the right file and revision. Here are some pointers on how you can make this process easier.

Another note: This should not happen and it's very unfortunate that it did. After all of this is done you should consider reporting a bug on LO's bug tracker (and maybe link it by editing your question). This is severe enough to warrant immediate attention.


Installation of Ubuntu 15.04 on MacBookPro7,1 with proper NVIDIA drivers

Using a simple GRUB script as detailed here: Proprietary NVidia drivers with EFI on Mac, to prevent overheating should solve the problem.


12.04 64bit will not install through a Live CD

If you downloaded the .iso file from ubuntu.com and burned it using the option "write to disk", selected from BIOS first boot your dvd-rw or whatever it is then everything should work.


Had the same issue with me. Solved by installing tuxguitar-jsa. Type in terminal:

sudo apt install tuxguitar-jsa


Which ubuntu to install on a hercules ecafe ex HD with arm cortex A8 in order to be able to use skype's tools?

Do you know that Skype has released a version of the Skype telephone software for Arm CPU and Linux?
If not, no one but Skype can release such a version. Because the program Skype isn't  free software, no one else can do that. This is one of the problems with non free software that doesn't follow any standards.
There are a couple of SIP telephone softwares available though. Software that are free and follows standards. You could try one of those.