"user is not in the sudoers file. this incident will be reported" when trying to run as an admin

OK, so I tried again, this time instead of trying to act with a sudo role, I simply had to re-add myself to the sudo group. I'm still not sure how I was removed though.
The solution for this was simply to add my user to the sudo group using #adduser username sudo.
So, if you ever get the message “user is not in the sudoers file. this incident will be reported” do check if you are in the sudo group first before attempting commands like sudo -i and sudo -s.
Full instructions and steps here.


How to deny authentication on port 25 in Exim mail server

The common solution is to advertise the AUTH only for those hosts having chosed STARTTLS after unencripted connection to the port 25:

auth_advertise_hosts = ${if eq{$tls_cipher}{}{}{*}}

After the STARTTLS command is performed and TLS connection is established  the $tls_cipher variable for current session becomes non-empty. Client now is advertized that AUTH is allowed while session is secured by TLS and no plaintext passwords are passed over the unuencripted connection.

Sure you can disable AUTH advertizing completely by

auth_advertise_hosts =

but that is not the best choice.


How does Window 10 hardcode the path to UEFI that should be used instead of GRUB?

Although this problem affects Ubuntu if it is installed alongside Windows, it is caused by Windows, not Ubuntu, and there is no way to prevent Windows updates from overwriting the grub bootloader except by accepting the onerous consequences of disabling Windows Updates.

How to repair grub


I have the same problem, it seems like the signed version of grub shimx64.efi can't load any font. To show the menu I renamed the file unicode.pf2 in /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/fonts. This way grub2 will use system font, the drawback is that you will see question marks in place of extended chars. The unsigned version of grub grubx64.efi works well but it can't load unsigned kernels even though secure boot is disabled.


How can we replace iptables with firewalld in ubuntu 16.04?

To switch do the following:

Stop iptables if in use:

sudo systemctl stop iptables

Make sure iptables are not used by your system anymore:

sudo systemctl mask iptables

Check its status:

sudo systemctl status iptables

Remove UFW if installed:

sudo apt-get remove ufw

Firewalld - Dynamic Firewall Manager

This replaces iptable as the preferred way to manage your firewall. Commands to use with firewalld includes:

Install firewalld:

sudo apt install firewalld

Check its status:

sudo systemctl status firewalld

Enable or disable firewalld:

sudo systemctl [enable | disable ] firewalld

Starting and stoping it:

sudo systemctl [ start | stop ] firewalld

So to use it is simply to enable it as in steps 2, then use the man pages to get more information.

See here for more information on how to use firewalld


Creating deb package that depends either on A or B package

From the Debian Policy Manual, Chapter 7: Declaring relationships between packages:

  In the Depends, Recommends, Suggests, Pre-Depends, Build-Depends,
  Build-Depends-Indep and Build-Depends-Arch control fields of the
  package, which declare dependencies on other packages, the package
  names listed may also include lists of alternative package names,
  separated by vertical bar (pipe) symbols |. In such a case, that part
  of the dependency can be satisfied by any one of the alternative
  packages.

  [...]

  For example, a list of dependencies might appear as:

Package: mutt
Version: 1.3.17-1
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.2.1), exim | mail-transport-agent

So, presumably:

Depends: libssl1.0.1 (>= 1.0.1) | libssl1.0.2


Function inside .profile results in no log-in

I managed to find the problem. The syntax of the function name was wrong. Apparently I can't use "-" char in the function name.

Here is the new function which is working and I can login without any issues:

# custom functions
eclipsegtk()
{
        cd ~/development/eclipse-juno
        ./eclipse_wb.sh &
        cd -
}


Please use quotation marks around the entire path, this is required when there are folder or filenames containing spaces.


I never had a keyboard with a separate SysRq key at home. Typically, the system requests are triggered when pressing AltPrtScr plus the respective REISUB keys.


How can I configure the Xserver config file

First install the AMD driver if you have not, then ope the control center.

I dont have a AMD handy but somewhere you will have an option like "save to X config file"

If you dont mind using Terminal just type

sudo amdconfig --initial

This should make one at etc/x11/xorg.conf you can then use nano or Gedit or whatever to open it.
The followig site has very detailed info about AMD video drivers.

AND Binary config page

If you need drivers go to dash and search for software sources and choose the additional drivers tab.

EDIT....

First remove your driver

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx-amdcccle fglrx-updates fglrx-amdcccle-updates

And install this one

sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates fglrx-amdcccle-updates

If it fails install this and try again

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic

DO NOT REBOOT

Then try sudo amdconfig --initial


I solved it, mostly. I can't write chars with diaeresis like ë or ü, but I don't do that anyway. My theory is that I can't use AltGr and Caps Lock in the same time. But I don't know.

Anyway, this is my .Xmodmap file:

! Remap Ctrl to the ^ key
clear control
keycode 35 = Control_R
add control = Control_R Control_L

! Remap ~ (and ^ with a shift) to Caps Lock, AltGr don't seem to work :-/
clear Lock
keycode 66 = asciitilde dead_circumflex asciitilde asciitilde asciitilde dead_caron asciitilde


Are their any book cataloguing apps for Ubuntu?

Tellico is the best!

  Tellico capabilities include:

  creation of user-defined custom collections with unlimited fields,
  automatically formatted names,
  sorting and filtering by any field or property,
  ISBN validation,
  full customization for printing or display through XSLT files,
  import and export of CSV, RIS, BibTeX and BibTeXML files,
  import data from Amazon, IMDb, CDDB or any US-MARC compliant z39.50 server,
  tellico files are stored in XML format, avoiding the need for a database server, and allowing other software applications to use the
  data.


Trouble using WUBI to install Xubuntu. Can anyone help?

First, have you tried booting into the live DVD and selecting the 'Try Ubuntu' option?  If this fails, then 12.04 is not appropriate on your hardware.  Wubi installations do run more slowly that native installations.  The symptoms you are getting suggest that 12.04 is not compatible with your video controller, but booting into 'Try Ubuntu' will test this for you.  If you want to come back to us, please give hardware information including your video controller spec and which version of Microsoft Windows you are running.


Run script as root at login (no sudoer user, shell session)

Just to go back to the sudoers method, I think you were almost there before you gave up. Looking at your latest comments, I'd just like to address something that will probably fix things for you:
If you run a script as root, you don't need to call sudo from within it.
I have a script like this:
#! /bin/bash

echo $USER
whoami

If I run sudo ./myscript I see root returned for both those. The session that script is running in is a root shell.
In short that means that everything you do in your script already has root permissions. You don't need to call sudo (not that it should hurt - root usually has sudo permissions).
So write your script, chown it to root and chmod it to 700 (so only root can run, read, or edit it) and then just allow your user[s] to run it through sudoers. That should work.
If it's not working, it's likely a bigger issue with the script, not the permissions framework. I'd suggest giving a user full sudo access (adding to admin group is the easiest way) and then running your script.


libvirt/kvm guest failing due issues in the ApparmorProfile

In this particular case I had a filename that had characters that can't be mapped into apparmor rules that prevent the guest breaking out. In the logs I found:

virt-aa-helper: error: skipped restricted file
virt-aa-helper: error: invalid VM definition

Due to my file with the (this time rather obviously) broken name.

<disk type='file' device='disk'>
  <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
  <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/break,^*[]&quot;, foo&quot;me.qcow'/>
  <target dev='vdd' bus='virtio'/>
</disk>

There is a wiki page about AppArmor in regard to libvirt/KVM which explains how to get to the logs and how to tweak configuration in those cases.

The page also covers more common cases like uncommon image paths and using qemu:commandline through libvirt.

P.S. Please let me know if you think there is a common case missing on the wiki page so we can extend it together.


Try this:

Switch on your computer.

Press and hold the Shift key, which will bring up the Grub menu.

Select the line which starts with Advanced options.

Select the line ending with recovery mode

Your PC should display a menu with a number of options.

Select:

The option File system check

and

The option Drop to root shell prompt with networking

In the terminal run:

mount -o remount,rw /
mount --all
dpkg --configure -a
apt-get -f install
apt-get -m install
apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade
apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop unity
apt-get autoremove
apt-get clean
reboot


I achieved the result I was looking for by changing the SSH port to 443 (SSL Port.) Most, if not all, networks have that port unblocked. To do this, edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config as root. Change the line that says

port 22

to

port 443

and finally, restart the SSH service by doing

sudo service ssh restart

To connect to your SSH server with the new port, just add the -p argument and specify 443

ssh -p 443 user@example.com

Some tips from David Foerster

  If you don't want to type -p 443 for that server all the time to establish an SSH connection from the command-line, you can add an entry to your ~/.ssh/config for that host like so. The User entry is optional but it would save you from entering the username as well. You can also specify things like dynamic and static port forwarding.

Warning: Keep in mind that if you have a web server running, then the SSL for it will be unable to connect to the port, so don't do this if you need to keep a web server running.

More about SSL and port 443


Reinstalling Xubuntu without losing data

If you want the system software programs that you might've modified (eg: apt sources)

You could make a dd Image of your current HDD (not
recommended)  (Tutorial on how to create dd image)
You could use clonezilla (Tutorial on how to clonezilla)
And here is a similar question


Unable to launch 'zoom'-meeting app on ubuntu 16.04.7

It turns out there was another instance of zoom (?) running.
To fix this problem you can do
ps -ef | grep zoom

and kill every instance you find. Then restart the zoom application!


The location ~/.local/share/icons is still a valid thing in 16.04, it's just usually not needed and therefore somebody decided not to create it by default. If you want to use this directory, simply create it.

However, user-specific .desktop files need to go to ~/.local/share/applications instead to have an effect.


How can I install Ubuntu on an Acer Nitro 5?

From comments:

  You can't install Ubuntu 18 if you have an Nvidia GPU. I resolved it making a USB with ubuntu 16, but after installation, when you arrive at the login screen and try to log in, it freezes. You will need to reboot and start Ubuntu in recovery mode. After you logged in, you will have to go to Software and Updates > Additional Drivers. If you are an Nvidia user, it will show the driver for your Nvidia GPU. If I’m not wrong, the driver for Nvidia is set on X.org.X server etc. Now set the other option of  driver as the default (I think there are two possible drivers). Reboot the machine and run Ubuntu in normal mode.


How do I add a custom image to notify-send?

You need to tell it where to find the icon, like
notify-send -i /usr/share/icons/gnome/32x32/status/stock_lock-broken.png  summary test

And of course you can use your own icon too, not only the default ones.
For using an icon from your own home directory you would use one of
notify-send -i ~/pictures/picture-name.png summary test
notify-send -i /home/<yourusername>/pictures/picture-name.png summary test

Remember: names are case sensitive and paths must be absolute paths. /Home probably doesn't exist on your system.
man notify-send will tell you about other options too.


Lightdm is broken when used ubuntu tweak to change the default background!

I had the same problem other day, i fix this with dpkg-reconfigure

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

I also changed to default wallpaper in Ubuntu Tweak before doing this.


Make sure the executable has the correct permissions. If not, run chmod +x ./citra and chmod 776 or similar. Then, try to execute it with ./citra or sh ./citra.

If this doesn't work, try looking if it has some missing dependencies with:

ldd ./citra

For the error mentioned:

Try looking at: libsdl2-2-0-so-0-cannot-open-shared-object-file

Or

sdl2-not-being-loaded-correctly-by-jedi-academy-openjk


Unable to install ubuntu 13.10 on dell xps 15 L502X.. operating system not found

Use a USB universal installer http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/ Maybe you dont have a bootable pendrive.
Check if you change in bios to boot by removable devices first


What is the difference between Network Manager and 'ifconfig' 'ifup', etc?

NetworkManager and ifconfig are not (by default) compatible (NetworkManager won't configure interfaces listed in /etc/network/interfaces). NetworkManager is a sort of settings daemon that makes sure that multiple users can edit network connections, this is very smart in a desktop environment (especially on laptops that might move around between different wireless networks). Basically NetworkManager is a frontend to iproute, dhclient, wpa_supplicant and ppp.

ifconfig is a general tool for configuring network interfaces, you can for example do like this:

ifconfig eth1 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 hw ether 10:10:10:10:10:10
ifconfig eth1 down

to set your IP, netmask and MAC address of eth1, and then down (disable/turn off) your interface. ifconfig doesn't read any config files and does only exactly what it is told.

ifup and ifdown are helper programs that use ifconfig to configure a network interface in accordance to /etc/network/interfaces this will make sure that if there are any up, down, pre-up, pre-down, post-up, post-down scripts that need to be run they will be.

Ok, then there is wpa_supplicant and dhclient. dhclient is a DHCP client - ifup will use this if a network interface is configured for DHCP, as will NetworkManager. wpa_supplicant is a tool for configuring encryption on wireless networks.

Most of these tools have man pages, for instance the interfaces-file have it's own manpage that describe the format of that config file.

man interfaces
man ifconfig
man ifup

So that being said i would recommend that you remove (or disable) NetworkManager, I don't think that any thing will break from removing NetworkManager except the gui tools for setting up network. If you want to configure wireless without NetworkManager you might want to look at this.


Your traceroute show that all is OK.

5   121.241.247.61.static-chennai.vsnl.net.in   121.241.247.61  93.233

But, all is OK with traceroute only(UDP or ICMP). You can not ping server, than ICMP blocked, probably on the provider side. Can you ping another IP addresses?

Looks like your provider close TCP/ICMP connections to this site.

Try to trace site with different keys: -U and -I.

Port mapper show you that 80 port is Open, try to connect to server via telnet on this port:

# telnet 121.241.247.61 80

Try to use different browser and wget:

# wget -O - 121.241.247.61:80

You can always use Tor to bypass such restrictions of extermelly ugly providers.


Try using Synaptic package manager (can be found in the Software Center). Than look for ''nvidia''. There are different drivers available, my system works on nvidia-current-updates. (Xubuntu 12.10).


Customize keyboard layout including navigation keys

I found the solution here

and these changes did what I wanted. Now I can use the directions and numbers without moving my hands position.

First, run xev and press the keys to find their keycodes.

Create a script with the following:

#!/bin/bash

xmodmap -e "keycode 24 = q Q q Q Escape Escape"
xmodmap -e "keycode 25 = w W w W Delete Delete"
xmodmap -e "keycode 26 = e E e E Up Up"
xmodmap -e "keycode 27 = r R r R Prior Prior"
xmodmap -e "keycode 28 = t T t T Prior Prior"
xmodmap -e "keycode 29 = y Y"
xmodmap -e "keycode 30 = u U u U 7"
xmodmap -e "keycode 31 = i I i I 8"
xmodmap -e "keycode 32 = o O o O 9"
xmodmap -e "keycode 33 = p P"

xmodmap -e "keycode 38 = a A a A Home Home"
xmodmap -e "keycode 39 = s S s S Left Left"
xmodmap -e "keycode 40 = d D d D Down Down"
xmodmap -e "keycode 41 = f F f F Right Right"
xmodmap -e "keycode 42 = g G g G End End"
xmodmap -e "keycode 43 = h H"
xmodmap -e "keycode 44 = j J j J 4"
xmodmap -e "keycode 45 = k K k K 5"
xmodmap -e "keycode 46 = l L l L 6"
xmodmap -e "keycode 47 = semicolon colon"

xmodmap -e "keycode 52 = z Z z Z BackSpace BackSpace"
xmodmap -e "keycode 53 = x X x X Insert Insert"
xmodmap -e "keycode 54 = c C"
xmodmap -e "keycode 55 = v V v V Next Next"
xmodmap -e "keycode 56 = b B b B Next Next"
xmodmap -e "keycode 57 = n N n N 0"
xmodmap -e "keycode 58 = m M m M 1"
xmodmap -e "keycode 59 = comma less comma less 2"
xmodmap -e "keycode 60 = period greater period greater 3"
xmodmap -e "keycode 61 = slash question"

Give the script execution permissions with

sudo chmod 755 xmodmap.sh

To make this permanent, add this command to the startup applications:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 7 && /home/myusername/xmodmap.sh"


Connect two computers (one monitor along with one cpu each) with one keyboard and mouse

Logitech offers "easy switch" in their mx performance mice:
https://www.logitech.com/assets/54026/13/mx-anywhere-2-setup-guide.png

I believe they should have the same mechanism for their higher-tier keyboards, but I can't find anything via google except K811

To work with this you would need 4 receivers total (for two input devices, each computer having two receivers connected)

if you're looking for a software-only solution, I don't think there is any.


What is help command in grub rescue mode

Booting to grub rescue means that GRUB failed to load the ‘normal’ module (which is responsible for reading /boot/grub/grub.cfg, running the menu, etc.) for some reason.

The rescue shell as such is very primitive and do not offer most of the normal filesystem commands, tab completion (but offers after you load the modules), history, etc. Instead it only supports insmod, ls ,set and unset commands.

One of the most common reasons you end up in grub resuce is that the prefix environment variable is wrong (perhaps it refers to the wrong device, or perhaps the path to /boot/grub was not correctly made relative to the device). If this is the problem, you can correct it by:

# Inspect the current prefix (and other preset variables):
set
# Find out which devices are available:
ls
# Set to the correct value, which might be something like this:
set prefix=(hd0,1)/grub
set root=(hd0,1)
insmod normal
normal

Refer this excellent post and of course the grub2 manual to know more.


How can I edit the gnome-panel "Places" menu?

Open nautilus browser and in left you will see places menu.
Goto Bookmarks>>Edit Bookmarks

Remove the Entry which you have twice,

Or in terminal type the following,and remove the entry.

gedit ~/.gtk-bookmarks

Removing servers from the list:

You can remove the remote servers from the list by opening the Network folder from Places>>Network.
Right-click the server you want to remove and then clicking unmount volume.


According to your screenshot, it seams that you have samsung recovery partitions (factory image).
If you don't need any recovery functions of your Samsung laptop, you can remove these.

More on here related: https://superuser.com/questions/626479/what-are-hidden-partitions-on-a-samsung-laptop-for


Run crontab in specific day but only if is in specific weekday

I don't think it is possible with cron alone because the syntax doesn't
allow for "at 27th except on Sundays".  It only allows
for "either 27th or non-Sundays (or both)".

I suggest to either change command.sh to immediately exit on non-Sundays
or put that check into the cronjob:

1 0 27 12 *   test $(date +\%u) -ne 7   &&  command.sh

At the shell, date +%u returns the day of week (1…7, 1 is Monday). In
a cronjob we have to escape that % sign (\%). The command will
check whether the current day is a non-Sunday and only then execute
command.sh.

The cronjob will run on every Dec 27th at 00:01 o'clock,
no matter what day of the week that is, but only for non-Sundays the
command.sh gets executed because the previous test only succeeds
for them.

Note: I sometimes use https://crontab.guru to check my cronjob's
timetables.  It's quite handy.
Your definition translates to “At
00:01 on day-of-month 27 and on every day-of-week from Monday through
Saturday in December.” so it's quite the opposite of what you want.

From the manpage:

  Note: The day of a command's execution can be specified by two fields
  — day of month, and day of week.  If both fields are restricted (i.e.,
  aren't *), the command will be run when either field matches the
  current time.  For example, 30 4 1,15 * 5 would cause a command to
  be run at 4:30 am on the 1st and 15th of each month, plus every
  Friday. One can,  however, achieve the desired result by adding a test
  to the command (see the last example in EXAMPLE CRON FILE below).

  …

# Run on every second Saturday of the month
0 4 8-14 * *    test $(date +\%u) -eq 6 && echo "2nd Saturday"


exporting with the same as import video presets

It is not as such possible to automatically export with the same settings as the imported video because such settings are not stored with the produced video file. In addition, different encoders are in use, each that may have a different interface and present different settings. Therefore, you indeed will need to tune your export settings to match the desired quality of the output file and the desired size.

If you are just trimming unwanted content, then you probably should consider a linear video editor, allowing to remove sections without re-encoding. You can cut and join video without transcoding with ffmpeg (command line). Avidemux is a graphical program allowing to trim without transcoding.


Use pdfbook from texlive-extra-utils

Install texlive-extra-utils:
sudo apt-get install texlive-extra-utils
Then run pdfbook:
pdfbook [pdf file]

This will output a pdf file that is in the form of a booklet.

source


Firefox fails to securely connect to Google services at random times [Ubuntu 16.04]

Are you using Firefox? This appears to be a FF bug:

https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1462303

Be aware that this can also be caused by something getting in the way of your traffic, either good-natured things like intrusion prevention systems or bad things like malware.


Thanking to poupou, we have already an answer:

  This was fixed recently. The easiest way to get the fix is to update to Mono 3.2.x. An alternative is using an older Mono (e.g. 2.10) to download the certificates.

Source: mozroots command fails with Unsupported hash error


As per this answer: Can I use cron to chime at top of hour like a grandfather clock? you need to export an environment variable before playing sounds in your cron script:

export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR="/run/user/1000"


The simplest way of getting Samba server

The simplest way since you are asking for Ubuntu support is to install Samba (as well as many thousands of apps) using Ubuntu's commandline apt tool.  Install from the default repository.

To get to the commandline interface, hit this keyboard shortcut: Ctrl+Alt+T.

Then at the run this at the terminal prompt:

$ sudo apt install samba

Edit the/etc/samba/smb.conf file to create the shares you want to provide on the server.

Create the directory you want to share (or use a directory you already have) then add the share to the smb.conf file.

Creating a shared folder:

$ sudo mkdir -p /mnt2/mysharedfolder

Add the share to the server:

Sample share entry (/etc/samba/conf):

[sharedfolder]
        comment = My Server Shared Folder
        path = /mnt2/mysharedfolder
        force user = user1
        writeable = yes
        browseable = yes
        create mask = 0700
        valid users = user1, user2

Change user# for real user names that you have created on your server and created a samba account.

Create the samba account with:

$ sudo smbpasswd -a user1

Other available configurations such as mask are explained in details in the notes of the /etc/samba/smb.conf file.  You can also access the manual using the commands man samba or man smb.conf.

After making a change to the /etc/samba/smb.conf be sure to restart the samba server with:

$ sudo systemctl restart smbd

You might consider upgrading your Ubuntu OS to the lastest LTS version, which currently is version 16.04, which will be supported with release updates for the next 5 years.  A non lts version will have release updates for less than a year.


Every time 16.04 updates I must reinstall hplip

Edit: 02/16/18:

The Ubuntu update problem that uninstalled unity and parts of desktop is now fixed.

Original answer

Something wonky is going on with Ubuntu updates. It breaks  Unity and Ubuntu Desktop. To fix it you need aptitude which is not installed by default. Install aptitude by:

sudo apt install aptitude

If you fixed the problem by reinstalling unity by:

sudo aptitude install unity

Then there are a few things still broken including hplip. Use the command:

sudo aptitude install ubuntu-desktop

This installed hplip for me among other things.

If you have not reinstalled unity first, then you can just use the second command to fix both the problems. In that case, remember to say no to the first solution (do nothing) proposed by aptitude, and yes to the second solution.

See 2/15/18 compiz update broke unity

for details.

Hope this helps


How to restrict a user from accessing a particular application?

There should be a better way to do this (maybe with AppArmor?) but you can always change the permissions of the executable. Suppose you want to disable access to nano. Their default permissions are as follows:

 ➜  ls -la /bin/nano
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 192008 Oct  1 15:12 /bin/nano

It can be executed by owner, group and others. To maintain only owner execution you can use

sudo chmod g-x /bin/nano
sudo chmod o-x /bin/nano

After this, if you execute it in a terminal as an ordinary user:

 ➜  nano
bash: /usr/bin/nano: Permission denied

Please note that this is not a bullet-proof solution. If the application you want to lock has other entry points they could still be accessed. For example, if you tried the same trick with Firefox:

 ➜  ls -la /usr/bin/firefox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Jan 17 08:26 /usr/bin/firefox -> ../lib/firefox/firefox.sh

Even if you limited access to /usr/bin/firefox, as it is just a link to /usr/lib/firefox/firefox.sh it could be still be executed by there (or using /usr/lib/firefox/firefox, which is used in the .sh file).


The FM app on smartphones like "Radio FM" plays internet radio streams.  There are many internet radio apps for Linux and Ubuntu specifically like Gradio, Goodvibes, and even Rhythmbox will do it (although I don't love the Rhythmbox internet radio interface myself).


i8kmon reporting no temperature on Dell Inspirion 2310 with Ubuntu 18.04

I haven't gotten i8kmon to work but resolved the issue by simply using fancontrol.


What, exactly is 'fixed' in a Fixed Release Distro

This depends a lot on the distribution in question. For Ubuntu, the upgrades are governed by the Stable Release Updates policy. It's a long page, but I'll just quote section 2:

  2. When

  Stable release updates will, in general, only be issued in order to
  fix high-impact bugs. Examples of such bugs include:

  Bugs which may, under realistic circumstances, directly cause a security vulnerability. These are done by the security team and are documented at SecurityTeam/UpdateProcedures.
  Bugs which represent severe regressions from the previous release of Ubuntu. This includes packages which are totally unusable,
  like being uninstallable or crashing on startup.
  Bugs which may, under realistic circumstances, directly cause a loss of user data
  Bugs which do not fit under above categories, but (1) have an obviously safe patch and (2) affect an application rather than
  critical infrastructure packages (like X.org or the kernel).
  For Long Term Support releases we regularly want to enable new hardware. Such changes are appropriate provided that we can ensure not
  to affect upgrades on existing hardware. For example, modaliases of
  newly introduced drivers must not overlap with previously shipped
  drivers.
  New versions of commercial software in the Canonical partner archive.
  FTBFS (Fails To Build From Source) can also be considered. Please note that in main the release process ensures that there
  are no binaries which are not built from a current source. Usually
  those bugs should only be SRUed in conjunction with another bug fix.

  For new upstream versions of packages which provide new features, but
  don't fix critical bugs, a backport should be requested instead.

Exceptions like the kernel are documented in the section on Special Cases.


jack2: error while loading shared libraries: libjackserver.so.0

Firstly you need to locate libjackserver.so.0. You can use find utility, but I rather use locate.

Update locate db:
sudo updatedb
Locate the file:
sudo locate libjackserver.so.0

This will return the file location if it exist. Taking example as /foo/bar/lib/libjackserver.so.0

In the link from your question, ldconfig is a dynamic linker.

To archive this(this steps working on 15.04):

Add/Edit sudo vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/lib/libjack.conf, add content:

#libjackserver shared object ldconfig
/foo/bar/lib

Run sudo ldconfig
Verify if the path is there, sudo ldconfig -v | grep libjack


'LeftShift+RightShift' switches layout although it's not configured to

I couldn't disable the LeftShift+RightShift shortcut anywhere, and at the end I decided to switch to Wayland as a replacement to Xorg. If you are using GNOME3 with GDM, change GDM settings in /etc/gdm/custom.conf, and choose Wayland instead of Xorg.


How to get disable nVidia Graphics Card (which has recently expired) so that I can boot Desktop?

Looks like you've issues with your initial ramdisk (initrd) which expects your nVidia card. You'll need to update this initrd.

Boot with a LiveCD and follow the next steps:

Mount your Ubuntu root partition, change XY accordingly:

sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt

Mount some partitions:

sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

Change your root directory to the mounted Ubuntu partition:

sudo chroot /mnt

You'll end up in a root shell, now update the initial ramdisk (this may take a few seconds):

update-initramfs -u

Now you're finished, exit from the chroot and unmount some filesystems:

exit
sudo umount /mnt/{sys,proc,dev} /mnt

Reboot.


Chrome opened from slack and other apps is in the wrong sidebar group

I had same problem with Firefox and I found my solution here Slack shows opened links to browser as another slack instance in task bar but please, attention to use the response from user bltcrew


YaST was built to work with RPM packages, one of the two most popular package formats. Ubuntu, along with all Debian variants, use DEB packages and their related tools (dpkg/apt) for package management. Also, as another user mentioned, there are functional replacements for most (all?) of YaSTs features in synaptic , aptitude, and software-center. Most of YaST's configuration functionality is present in GNOME as far as I am aware.


This is only a requirement when deploying OpenStack. The neutron gateway machine requires two interfaces. One interface for communication to the other OpenStack services and another interface to route traffic from the virtual machines in/out of the overlay network.

MAAS only requires that a machine have one interface where it can PXE boot from a rack controller.


I was able to install pgadmin4 on ubuntu 20.04 (focal fossa) using the following article as a base:
https://linuxhint.com/install-pgadmin4-ubuntu/

A few changes to the instructions are required:

In part 2:

sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev libgmp3-dev
sudo apt-get install python3-virtualenv libpq-dev python3-dev

In part 5:
The latest version for the moment is:

https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/v4.20/pip/pgadmin4-4.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl

(I used release, not a daily snapshot)
In part 6:
Use

pip install pgadmin4-4.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl

In part 7:
Use 'python3.8' instead of 'python2.7'

That's all.
Worked for me.


First of all, rebuild Wine menu
$ export WINEPREFIX=~/.wine; find $WINEPREFIX/drive_c/ -name "*.lnk" -exec wine winemenubuilder '{}' \;
Run Alacarte (menu editor), click on Wine menu, and add any launcher to this cateogry.
You may or may not have to log off and log in again.


How to fix "EXT4-fs (sda1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro"

It's not an error, it just tells you that the partition /dev/sda1 has been remounted with the mount option errors=remount-ro. It's nothing you need to worry about. It may happen e.g. during a normal system startup if /dev/sda1 is your root partition.

The mount option means that the system should mount the partition read-only if an error occurs to minimize further damage or data loss and is used by default.


Load file and save file dialogs Xubuntu 16.04.1: How can I just enter the complete path instead of picking by mouse actions?

The syndrome went away as it came: I have no idea why it came nad no idea why it vanished. Of course I am happy that this bug does not continue to bother me.

In the meantime, of course, some system system actualizations have happened.

Although the root cause has not been identified, I mark this problem as solved hoping that neither myself nor anybody else will be further annoyed by it. But if it shows up again, maybe this thread gets reopened again.


Citrix Receiver on Ubuntu 14.04.2 fails with error Entrust Certification Authority - L1K SSL Error 61

Installed Citrix Receiver 13.1 64 bit version and it solved the issue. We would be hitting some issues while installing it, because it has dependency in 32 bit library.  Solution is available if you google "how to run 32 bit application in 64 bit ubuntu".


Terminal Question: Been trying to escape this screen with "^X + Enter" but it doesnt work

The nomenclature "^X" means press ctrl+x


Installation Success, BIOS can't find Ubuntu

@oldfred's response is what got me booting properly! (Had to install grub to the ESP partition, which the default settings wasn't doing).


What's the difference between Google Chrome and/or Chromium? What are the advantages/disadvantages to each?

There are some key differences between Google Chrome and Chromium. First off, Google Chrome is a commercial closed source product made by Google which is based on the open source Chromium project.

Chrome is not available in the default Ubuntu repositories as it's not open source, however Google makes Chrome available through their own 3rd party repository. Chrome is updated by Google directly, as they run the entire repository and update Chrome on their schedule. Since it doesn't need to be redistributable and open source, Chrome includes things that we can't ship in Ubuntu out of the box, like Flash and H264 support (See the Ubuntu promise). However you can install this support with a few packages (see below).

Chromium, being open source, is available in the Ubuntu repositories. This is maintained by Ubuntu developers and goes through our Stable Release Update process. Chromium has a release process exception, which allows the team to upload a Chromium build as soon as a new upstream release is made.

There really aren't any proper "releases" made of Chromium, so Ubuntu developers base their build on what stable version of Chromium the stable Chrome build is based off of. Fabien Tassin has a blog post about this process that goes into much more detail.

The following packages in Ubuntu install the codecs and features in Chromium that you can find in Chrome:

chromium-codecs-ffmpeg
chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra
flashplugin-installer

Really it depends on what you want. If you trust Google to not break your computer and like the convenience of Chrome then you can use that; if you want an open source browser that is the basis of Chrome that is peer reviewed by Ubuntu developers and doesn't require 3rd party sources then you want Chromium.

This Wikipedia page outlines some of the security/usage tracking differences between the two browsers.


Collecting user password via GUI in a script

I think I have found the solution at the end...

Suppose, for example, that you want to list the contents of the /root/ folder and in order to do this you need a root access and you can only use the ksu tool (no sudo / su / ssh).

First, you ask the password using a graphical tool like zenity and you store it in a local variable.

pw=$(zenity --entry --title="Password needed" --text="Enter password:" --hide-text)

After that, you can run ls /root/ via ksu by using the following command.

echo $pw | ksu -e /bin/ls -a /root/

Explanation:

By using echo combined with | you are piping the password to ksu, since it asks for a password via the standard input.
After reading the password from the standard input, ksu executes the ls command specified using the -e option, passing /root/ as an argument via the -a option.


Netplan static routes with Vlan interfaces

vlans:
vlan1000:
    id: 1000
    link: enp0s31f6
    addresses: [ "172.16.100.2/30" ]
    routes:
      - to: 0.0.0.0/0
      via: 192.168.100.2
      metric: 100

Indentation aside, this config would be incorrect because you're trying here to add a route to an interface that is not the interface holding the route to its gateway.  The 0.0.0.0/0 route would need to be listed under the vlan2000 interface, given that is the network where your route is to the gateway (192.168.100.2).

But also, according to your config, 192.168.100.2 is a local address, which means it is incorrect to use it as a gateway.  You do not have the whole of the Internet (0.0.0.0/0) directly connected to your host address on this vlan.  Your route needs to set up with the IP address of your router as the via value, not your local address.


Normally if you want a new operating system you just put in the install cd (or in your case you can add a iso file). After that you click the hdd you want to install it on and then you format the partition (all the files will be deleted). You've then a new os installed and the old one removed. If this is not what you want you can also use a iso to erase the hdd or you can use gparted on the ubuntu install cd to format the hdd.


You dont need to implement difficult compilation methosds to install wxmaxima

It is in main Ubuntu repository.

You can install it by :

sudo apt-get install wxmaxima libc6 libgcc1 libstdc++6 libwxbase3.0-0 libwxgtk3.0-0 maxima maxima-doc


Will Ubuntu 14.04 Have Improved UEFI Support Or Will We Be Using Boot-repair For The Next 5 Years?

Don't listen to these people. UEFI is a replacement for BIOS, it's been around for years, efi has long been promoted by Apple, and has nothing to do with Microsoft. Microsoft has required manufacturers installing OEM windows 8 to ship with secure boot enabled thus twisting their arms into installing Windows in UEFI mode. This was done to help protect consumers who aren't tech savy, and Microsoft believes if you're tech savy enough to be dual booting you can find the on/off switch for secure boot. If your computer is less than 5 years old you probably have the 1.1 version of UEFI, but the system likely shipped in legacy mode since UEFI wasn't commonly used by PCs yet. As for UEFI support both Windows and OSX have supported it for years, even the IA version of XP supported it, it's not their fault we're not keeping with the times. UEFI is easier to backup and the secure boot option is a big help in the banking industry.

Ubuntu 14.04 will have a beta version of Grub2 that will have UEFI support improvements.

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/01/grub-2-beta-ubuntu-14-04-lts


That's an unwise policy decision imposed upon you. Sorry.

That particular PPA is compatible with Ubuntu 12.04, and hasn't been updated in eight years.

Advice: Use a web browser to pull the package yourself from the PPA (it's here). There is purpose to adding the PPA as a source, since it will never be upgraded.

Then install it using from your desktop  using sudo apt install /path/to/deb_file.deb

And let your project know that building upon that package instead of something newer seems a bit of a dead end.


Touchpad cursor goes crazy Acer aspire V11

I have the same laptop en I experience the same problem now and than. I don't have a permanent way to fix it but you can do some things to solve it when it occurs. I think the problem is in the touch pad so you can disable the touch pad with he function key and continue with a mouse or the touchscreen. I feel like it has something to do with the touch pad getting moist since I get this problem most when my hands are still a bit wet or when my laptop is very cold in a warm room which causes some condensation on the touch pad. Making sure the touch pad is dry again solves the problem most of the times.


How to get the { } on a macbook pro retina mid 2014 running Ubuntu?


You may be able to recover them from browsing history.

Found in Firefox 'profiles' location (this is from Mozilla website, Firefox for Windows but may help in finding the location)

https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/profiles-where-firefox-stores-user-data

  The places.sqlite file contains all your Firefox bookmarks and lists of all the files you've downloaded and websites you’ve visited. The bookmarkbackups folder stores bookmark backup files, which can be used to restore your bookmarks

I can't actually check mine atm, doing 4th Linux re-install in 2 days :/


External access to Ubuntu single-node openstack horizon dashboard

If you want to just access the dashboard from your laptop you can use sshuttle:

sshuttle ubuntu@<server_ip> -r 10.0.6.0/24

That'll let you load up your dashboard with the container IP. If you want something more substantial then configuring iptables is probably the way to go.


Trouble with Ubuntu 18.04 netplan bridge on VirtualBox

I could resolve my problem by enableing the promiscuous-mode in the VM-setting from my VertualBox.
My 'bridged-config' is working.
Here a Picture from my VirtualBox network-setting:


Sabnzbd+binary newsgrabber: service not enabled, ubuntu

Sabnzb can only run as a service after we had filled in the required fields in its configuration file /etc/default/sabnzbdplus.

# [required] user or uid of account to run the program as:
USER=<your_username>

Give in your <your_username> in the above line. To edit a file in /etc we need root permission, e.g. by running either one of both commands:

sudo nano /etc/default/sabnzbdplus
gksu /etc/defaults/sabnzbdplus

Note: Editing files as root may have unwanted side-effects on system stability. We should only do so if we know what we are doing.

But, we do not need to run sabnzb as a service every time the computer starts. It is perfectly fine to only run it when we need it by clicking on its icon from the Dash, or by running

sabnzbdplus --browser 1

in a terminal (this will open the web-interface in your browser in a default setup, say 0 to not open in a browser).


Old windows program running through wine fail to load library

Are you running a 64 bit Ubuntu? Maybe you are missing the compatibility library.

I cannot check your application, but in my system:

[romano:~] % locate gnome-keyring-pkcs11.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkcs11/gnome-keyring-pkcs11.so

So I have just the 64-bit version. Let's see which package correspond to it:

apt-file search /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkcs11/gnome-keyring-pkcs11.so
libp11-kit-gnome-keyring: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkcs11/gnome-keyring-pkcs11.so

...and install the i386 version:

sudo apt-get install libp11-kit-gnome-keyring:i386

...that should get rid of the first problem. I do not know about the Wine one...


Problem while installing Qogir theme in ubuntu 19.04

Try installing the required package by:

sudo apt install sassc

After that try again to install downloaded theme.


Do we have to update everytime using 'sudo apt-get update'command whenever we install anything?

Generally it is enough to update the repository once a day.
But as the updates are pushed irregularly to the Ubuntu repositories,
it is recommended to update them every time before installing new packages.
In case that you add a PPA to the software repositories, updating them is mandantory.


In a Terminal type mvn --version to see if it runs.  If it does then it's probably installed.


Correct drivers for AMD Radeon™ HD 7650M

Try http://support.amd.com/us/kbarticles/Pages/AMDCatalyst1211betadriver.aspx.  I was able to get this beta driver to work successfully with a Radeon HD video card running Ubuntu 12.04.  Had similar problem with an ASUS box before installing this driver.


Unable to login after uninstalling gnome keyring

Chnage to the text console by hitting Ctrl+Alt+F1 and log in.
Then you can do:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

Most likely more packages (like gdm3 or ubuntu-session) have been removed due to your actions and dependencies to gnome-keyring.
These will get reinstalled too wby using the ubuntu-desktop meta package.


Battery status not shown on Asus K53E - Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Try reinstalling the indicator-power package using the following commands:

sudo apt-get purge indicator-power
sudo apt-get install indicator-power

If this doesn't help, check the power settings.

Open Dash and type Power or go to System Settings > Power.
Make sure the Show battery status in the menu bar is set to either When battery is present or When battery is charging/in use.


"Permission denied" error when changing the default applications

I found a solution myself. Not sure if it's the best one.

The /home/george/.local/share/applications directory was owned by root. Not sure if it was meant to be that way. Anyway after I changed owner, I can now set some other program as the default without problem.

sudo chown -R george:george /home/george/.local/share/applications

As an addition, now the changes from system info work as well


What are the differences between executing shell scripts using "source file.sh", "./file.sh", "sh file.sh", ". ./file.sh"?

The only major difference is between sourcing and executing a script. source foo.sh will source it and all the other examples you show are executing. In more detail:

./file.sh

This will execute a script called file.sh that is in the current directory (./). Normally, when you run command, the shell will look through the directories in your $PATH for an executable file called command. If you give a full path, such as /usr/bin/command or ./command, then the $PATH is ignored and that specific file is executed.
../file.sh

This is basically the same as ./file.sh except that instead of looking in the current directory for file.sh, it is looking in the parent directory (../).
sh file.sh

This equivalent to sh ./file.sh, as above it will run the script called file.sh in the current directory. The difference is that you are explicitly running it with the sh shell. On Ubuntu systems, that is dash and not bash. Usually, scripts have a shebang line that gives the program they should be run as. Calling them with a different one overrides that. For example:

$ cat foo.sh
#!/bin/bash
## The above is the shebang line, it points to bash
ps h -p $$ -o args='' | cut -f1 -d' '  ## This will print the name of the shell

That script will simply print the name of the shell used to run it. Let's see what it returns when called in different ways:

$ bash foo.sh
bash
$ sh foo.sh
sh
$ zsh foo.sh
zsh

So, calling calling a script with shell script will override the shebang line (if present) and run the script with whatever shell you tell it.
source file.sh or . file.sh

This is called, surprisingly enough, sourcing the script. The keyword source is an alias to the shell builtin . command. This is a way of executing the script within the current shell. Normally, when a script is executed, it is run in its own shell which is different than the current one. To illustrate:

$ cat foo.sh
#!/bin/bash
foo="Script"
echo "Foo (script) is $foo"

Now, if I set the variable foo to something else in the parent shell and then run the script, the script will print a different value of foo (because it is also set within the script) but the value of foo in the parent shell will be unchanged:

$ foo="Parent"
$ bash foo.sh
Foo (script) is Script  ## This is the value from the script's shell
$ echo "$foo"
Parent                  ## The value in the parent shell is unchanged

However, if I source the script instead of executing it, it will be run in the same shell so the value of foo in the parent will be changed:

$ source ./foo.sh
Foo (script) is Script   ## The script's foo
$ echo "$foo"
Script                   ## Because the script was sourced,
                         ## the value in the parent shell has changed

So, sourcing is used in the few cases where you want a script to affect the shell you are running it from. It is typically used to define shell variables and have them available after the script finishes.

With all that in mind, the reason you get different answers is, first of all, that your script does not do what you think it does. It counts the number of times that bash appears in the output of ps. This is not the number of open terminals, it is the number of running shells (in fact, it isn't even that, but that's another discussion). To clarify, I simplified your script a little to this:

#!/bin/bash
logname=terdon
not=`ps -au$logname | grep -c bash`
echo  "The number of shells opened by $logname is $not"

And run it in the various ways with only a single terminal open:

Direct launching, ./foo.sh.

$ ./foo.sh
The number of shells opened by terdon is 1

Here, you are using the shebang line. This means that the script is executed directly by whatever is set there. This affects the way that the script is shown in the output of ps. Instead of being listed as bash foo.sh, it will only be shown as foo.sh which means that your grep will miss it. There are actually 3 bash instances running: the parent process, the bash running the script and another one which runs the ps command. This last is important, launching a command with command substitution (`command` or $(command)) results in a copy of the parent shell being launched and that runs the command. Here, however, none of these are shown because of the way that ps shows its output.
Direct launching with explicit (bash) shell

$ bash foo.sh
The number of shells opened by terdon is 3

Here, because you're running with bash foo.sh, the output of ps will show bash foo.sh and be counted. So, here we have the parent process, the bash running the script and the cloned shell (running the ps) all shown because now ps will show each of them because your command will include the word bash.
Direct launching with a different shell (sh)

$ sh foo.sh
The number of shells opened by terdon is 1

This is different because you are running the script with sh and not bash. Therefore, the only bash instance is the parent shell where you launched your script. All the other shells mentioned above are being run by sh instead.
Sourcing (either by . or source, same thing)

$ . ./foo.sh
The number of shells opened by terdon is 2

As I explained above, sourcing a script causes it to run in the same shell as the parent process. However, a separate subshell is started to launch the ps command and that brings the total to two.

As a final note, the correct way to count running processes is not to parse ps but to use pgrep. All of these problems would have been avoided had you just run

pgrep -cu terdon bash

So, a working version of your script that always prints the right number is (note the absence of command substitution):

#!/usr/bin/env bash
user="terdon"

printf "Open shells:"
pgrep -cu "$user" bash

That will return 1 when sourced and 2 (because a new bash will be launched to run the script) for all other ways of launching. It will still return 1 when launched with sh since the child process is not bash.


Can I set up samba so it automatically allows all the local usernames and passwords?

You will need to manually add your users and passwords to the samba user database using the smbpasswd command.

It's not possible to use the local user accounts since Samba and the standard password mechanism on Ubuntu both only store the hash of passwords, and not the passwords themselves. The hashes they use are incompatible, so it's not possible to import password hashes from one database into the other.

There are a couple of things you can do to automatically update passwords in both databases at the same time when a user changes their password, such as using pam_smbpass.


Takes a very long time to log in to gnome 3.18.4 in Ubuntu 16.04

Solved, this was a problem with alsa.

Here is what I did.

  dmesg | less

gave me a message "error"

  snd_hda_intel 0000:03:00.1: Disabling via vga_switcheroo

that I could locate to happen just before login thanks to the timing.
I looked on this webpage: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1460933#p1460933

I thus created a file

  /etc/modprobe.d/my-alsa.conf

in which I put the only line

  options snd-hda-intel enable=0,1,0

Now the problem has disappeared. That being said the sound via displayport does not work anymore but this is a minor annoyance.


Black or Corrupt UI Artifacts Under Wine

Judging from Word 2007's AppDB page this looks more to be a graphics driver bug

xf86-video-intel 2.12.0 and newer
GUI controls are painted black: http://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=30157   Downgrade to 2.11.0.

Reverting to an older driver is not really practical (it's possible but it's a very manual process). That bug report suggests a registry work-around. Either browse to the right location in regedit or save this as a .reg file and run it through regedit
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Wine\X11 Driver]
"ClientSideWithRender"="N"

However, there is at least one person who says this makes things worse. But that bug report is where you want to track the issue. Wine have washed their hands of it.


How can I find out how nginx was "./configure"d for Ubuntu?

nginx -V will show you configure arguments

http://wiki.nginx.org/CommandLine


How can I use a passcode generator for authentication for remote logins?

One way to do this is with a tool provided by Google called Google Authenticator.

Install libpam-google-authenticator

or just sudo apt-get install libpam-google-authenticator

Edit /etc/pam.d/sshd to include the module:

sudoedit /etc/pam.d/sshd
and then include this line at the top of the file and save:

auth required pam_google_authenticator.so

Edit your SSH config file to turn on the challenge:

sudoedit /etc/ssh/sshd_config and then change the response authentication from:

ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

to

ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes

and then save the file.

sudo restart ssh to restart SSH
Run google-authenticator

This will give you your secret key, verification code, and emergency scratch codes. It will also ask you some rate limiting questions.

Mobile Applications:

You'll need one of these to receive the authentication code on another device.

Android App
iPhone App

Related and Useful:

Most of this answer is derived from this blogpost by Jean-Francois Theroux but updated.
Google Authenticator Wiki
http://guides.webbynode.com/articles/security/ubuntu-google-authenticator.html
http://www.mnxsolutions.com/security/two-factor-ssh-with-google-authenticator.html
It is my understanding that if you're using passwordless logins via SSH keys that you can only do one or the other, see this question: How can I set up password-less SSH login?
And if you're using Puppet, there's a puppet module here: https://github.com/camptocamp/puppet-googleauthenticator
See Maarten's answer and link to github issue on why you need to add the .so line at the top of your pam config: https://askubuntu.com/a/668398

Note that combining a password with single-use passcodes is two-factor authentication: it combines “what you know” (a password) with “what you have” (the passcode generator device). On the other hand, if you combine single-use passcodes with an SSH key pair, it's all about “what you have”. When two authentication factors are of the same type, you do not have two-factor authentication; this is sometimes called “one-and-a-half-factor authentication”.


Terrible Wifi performance once proprietary nvidia drivers installed

I neglected to mention the AX200 I have is in an ASUS PCE-AX3000.
As a last ditch effort I went to to the support page and downloaded the drivers from ASUS. They're obviously older than the current drivers.
Moving the ucode files into /lib/firmware has fixed the issue.


Create periodically screenshots using scrot excluding time when screen is locked

you can use gdbus to check for unity locked property.

gdbus call -e -d com.canonical.Unity -o /com/canonical/Unity/Session -m com.canonical.Unity.Session.IsLocked

So in bash you can make a function like this

function IsScreenLocked() {
    gdbus call -e -d com.canonical.Unity -o /com/canonical/Unity/Session -m com.canonical.Unity.Session.IsLocked|grep -q true
}


Why are you installing things into directories under the root user's home?

You should install packages instead (libxml-twig-perl in this case), and use the system installed software. You also should generally not run things as root.

This is also off-topic for askUbuntu, as it's a general PERL programming question, and probably best asked on main Stack Overflow or elsewhere, instead.


Pressing alt-gr locks on compose mode, how do I disable this? so its just for one character

If you have defined AltGr as a compose key, its original behavior is overridden.

To disable the compose key, and with that retain the original behavior of AltGr, you can use Tweaks (gnome-tweak-tool) or run this terminal command:

gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options


This was taken from the Ubuntu documentation for an explination about sources:

 Main - Officially supported software.

 Restricted - Supported software that is not available under a completely free license.

 Universe - Community maintained software, i.e. not officially supported software.

 Multiverse - Software that is not free.

As for Wily I believe is the version of Ubuntu you are running .. they all have code names like 16.04 is xenial


The Skype implementation in Linux does not support a "single window mode" (yet).

You could try SkypeTab. It displays all chat UIs in one window (tabbed).


How can I check why diff command failed?

You can read the output. diff doesn't give different exit status codes other than:

0 if inputs are the same,
1 if different,
2 if trouble.

(from man diff)
"Trouble" means it couldn't read a file, or pretty much anything else.
From a little testing using diff (GNU diffutils) 3.3 and comparing folders, diff outputs messages to stdout or stderr:

If one file is missing then the exit status is 1, and this appears on stdout:
  Only in folder1: file-a

If one file is unreadable then the exit status is 2, and this appears on stderr:
  diff: folder1/file-b: Permission denied

(If both errors occur, the exit status is 2.)
So, read / parse stdout and stderr to find out what the problems are.
Note that diff will continue processing further files after encountering "trouble", so the line reporting the reason for the exit status 2 may be at any part of the output.

See this GNU "diffutils manual" link for more info on comparing directories (and using diff in general , it's insanely more detailed than just man diff). Info like:

... if you use the --report-identical-files (-s) option, it reports pairs of identical files
If only one file exists, diff normally does not show its contents; it merely reports that one file exists but the other does not. You can make diff act as though the missing file is empty, so that it outputs the entire contents of the file that actually exists... use --new-file (-N)... If the older directory contains large files that are not in the newer directory, you can make the patch smaller by using the --unidirectional-new-file option instead of -N.
To ignore some files while comparing directories, use the --exclude=pattern (-x pattern) option
If you have been comparing two directories and stopped partway through, later you might want to continue where you left off. You can do this by using the --starting-file=file (-S file) option. This compares only the file file and all alphabetically later files in the topmost directory level.

Or these related Q's from other sites:

What are the error exit values for diff?
Bash: using the result of a diff in a if statement


Two servers using the same database files

Ok, I confirm this is possible.

Though I may find professional DBA yelling me for this for no locking is  potentially in place, I am still happy with this solution as I'm the solo worker on one computer at a time.

That said, the steps that I used to make this was:

Convert both the laptop and desktop database in INNODB type. This involves backup, master innodb file deletion and a full restore of the previously backed up tables.
Change my.cnf file to make sure everything is complying with the new format
Forcing the database engine table change

As a final precaution as I read that "moving" files location in InnoDb it may be not that simple as part of the structure resides on the local master innodbfile, I converted my database in MyISAM.

At that point, simply creating a symbolic link to the common folder allowed me to see the database on both computers using the cloud as a repository.

Enjoy it.


Tell if windows are open and not minimised from shell script Unity

For finding windows you can use xdotool search like

WID=`xdotool search "Mozilla Firefox" | head -1`

xdotool behave looked like something you can use for second part, but unfortunately no maximize and minimize events there - also it works only with existing windows - but you can check for opened windows from time to time with cron.


Dell Vostro 3560 Wireless occurs error while installing

The i386 driver, even with some modifications, errors out for me. On the other hand, I've installed it without problems on 64-bit in 12.04 and 12.10.


Server: No login prompt after upgrade, some services not starting

If it were me, assuming it's a system you can take offline, I'd boot into maintenance/single user mode by adding a '1' to the linux kernel line on boot

To do this, at grub menu screen, hit 'e' for edit, add 1 to the 'linux' line with space either side; usually near end of line, then press 'f10' to boot.

This should let you login via terminal (local only), and look around in logs to get some clues.

I don't know what could have gone wrong, so can't tell you where to look sorry...


Good python application for source code studying

You may want to check out Django, a very popular content management system. Plenty of web application and database access code to study in that app, including good practices like database agnosticism and modularity.


Ubuntu 20.04 Location Services setting is grayed out in settings?

I found the answer after spending a good few hours for a problem that did not exist to begin with. It was simply a user error and a dumb one. I guess I am still not used to dark theme - the switch to turn on the Location Services is in the "Menu/Title bar" in the settings panel - I just noticed it right now accidentally while searching for something else all together.


Disk failing on Dell Mini, are there diagnostic tools?

If you go to "System" > "Administration" > "Disk Utility", you should see a list of your hard drives.

Click on the drive in question, and you can check the drive for errors, or view the SMART data and have the drive run some of it's own tests.

It doesn't look like the Mini 10v drives are too buried in the computer - they are directly beneath the keyboard, and are pretty easy to access.

Luckily, someone appears to have posted a great hard drive swap video on YouTube for your model that you can use as a guide.


Install the device driver:

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-radeon

then reboot.


Looks like your dhcp server is not giving you a DNS server to look up names. Ip names are not real addresses, they are human names that all have ip numbers that are the real addresses.

Ip numbers Work in firefox, not names. I mean, go to pc that works, find a server, get its IP number, then try that number address in firefox. If you get terminal on worhing system, run, for example 'ping www.ku.edu', it will give ip number. Put numeric address into firefox url. If that works, but name does not, for sure dns is your trouble.

See if /etc/resolv.conf has a valid IP in it. That file is rewritten automatically by dhcp if it works. If you see number there, try 'ping
nnn.nnn.nn.nnn.

Also, I turn off IPV6 because nobody has it where I go. If you disable it and allow IPV4, you more likely have everything working. Now I am on Wireless, but tomorrow can look at wired when at office.


Found the solution. I think i missed a line.

sudo burg-install /dev/sda && sudo update-burg

Now it works fine.


The --update command only updates the files for the current version but does not upgrade to a newer version.
If you want the latest rkhunter...

Download the tar.gz file from the sourceforge project page. Latest download is 1.4.2.
Go to your ~/Downloads directory (or if you downloaded someone else to that directory) and extract the tar.gz file, cd into the newly created directory and install it.
In commands after you downloaded it ...

cd ~/Downloads
tar xvfz rkhunter-{tab}
cd rkhunter-{tab}
sudo ./installer.sh --install

(It will automatically fill out the version number when you press tab.)

After this you can check the version and update the resource file with:

sudo rkhunter --versioncheck
sudo rkhunter --update --propupd
sudo rkhunter --checkall

Regarding the error: see rkhunter.conf and comment out the SCRIPTWHITELIST=/usr/sbin/prelink or install prelink (Universe needs to be enabled) with

sudo apt-get install prelink

It is disabled at install and the config file /etc/default/prelink needs to be changed to enabled it (PRELINKING=yes) but that is not needed to prevent the error.


VirtualBox kernel issue. 3.19.0-25-generic

It is not uncommon that Virtual Box has issues on building for newer kernel releases. The developers do a great job in fixing those issues but they need some time to do so.

The issues with builing for kernels > 3.19 should be fixed in Virtual Box versions > 4.3.22, and issues with kernel 4.0 were fixed in 4.3.24, resp. 4.3.26 (see changelog for Virtual Box 4.3).

Therefore whenever we are faced with building on any newer kernel we should upgrade Virtual Box to the newest stable release.

If a bug was still not fixed we should report this to the developers.


Software that show pressed keyboard to desktop

Try screenkey. You can install it with sudo apt-get install screenkey or with the software center. Then open it and try any shortcut.


Unable to install nodejs and npm correctly?

Node.js package is available in two releases:  LTS release and the current release. You can install any version you want. I am installing LTS version for this answer.

Add Node.js PPA

You will need curl to download the script, so first, install curl by typing sudo apt install curl in the terminal.

Once, curl is installed successfully, run the command to download and install the installer.

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | sudo -E bash -

Install nodejs

Now, run the below command install node on and Ubuntu using apt. This commmand will also install npm with nodejs. It will also install dependencies.

sudo apt install nodejs

Note: To check the version of node run the command

node -v

To check the version of npm run the command

npm -v


VMware ESX / vSphere Alternatives Supporting Linux Clients

If I were you I'd take a look at Proxmox VE, a free and open source Debian-based Linux virtualization environment like VMware.
It can do pretty much the same as VMware. Both the administration and console access to the virtual machines is done from a web GUI.
It's production stable - just have a peek at the forums.
I've been running a cluster with 10 nodes for 4 years in production and I love it.

To install it go to the Proxmox VE website and download the iso and write it to a USB key UNetbootin or burn it to a disk. You can install it on any standard server/PC preferably with the Virtualization CPU feature enabled.


Virtualbox windows guest taskbar always visible

I found an 90% answer of this question, based on that post:  I'd like to prevent maximize from covering one third of the screen

Reading the answer of user Ryan Reich I made the steps below:

Open Compiz configuration tool (ccsm)
Went to General Options > Tab Screen Definitons

As my windows(Virtualbox) taskbar is on right(in opposite to Unity bar) I added a second output like this: 1920x1080+0-45 (45 is the size of windows taskbar)

Then, as the post above, disableed autodetection of outputs and enabled "prefer smaller output".

Then the new windows, when maximized stay in front of windows taskbar.

The remain problem to solve is: occasionaly I have to close VirtualBox. After I restart it, new process, it pass to respect the new rules and wont be maximized using the whole screen. It also respects the 45 pixes at right.


Can a wine program access files outside of the virtual C: drive?

If you don't trust it, don't run it. Wine is not particularly well secured against this type of attack - simply because it's not meant to be a sandbox. In short, you can assume that a program has the same access as your user.

A good alternative is a seperate, virtual machine. VM environments are to a certain degree made with such risks in mind.


How can I contribute a keyboard layout (IPA) to ubuntu?

Maybe you could provide the layout via an own repo? See for example
Jawi  Keyboard layout and Font Project
.
Another way would be to get it integrated in xkb. For this you had to contact xorg developers.


Excel sheet wont do calculations on Libreoffice

Please check if Data --> Calculate --> Autocalculate is enabled on your spreadsheet.

(This is the menu item under Libreoffice 5.2, it might differ slightly on other versions)

If the above is checked, don't forget to check under options --> Libreoffice Calc --> Formula --> Recalculation on File Load.


This is the Zeitgeist logging program , one of the gnome activity management softwares which logs your activities in gnome systems to facilitate some tasks (like search history).

That size is not the actuall size of the file I think because it hasn't a definitive size for some reason and I don't know what the glass file format actually is. And as far as I know , zeitgeist is not installed in ubuntu by default.

You can safely delete the zeitgeist utility if you don't want it :

sudo apt-get remove zeitgeist*

To read more about it , take a look at here .


Try directly installation, not "live" installation,
And whatever check your RAM.


cannot import saved openVPN configuration file in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

I know this is an old question but since I still couldn't find an (easy) answer I want to help others (and future me).

Use this

sudo nmcli connection import type openvpn file FILE_NAME

offcourse replace FILE_NAME with the full path to your file name

This will tell you exactly what's wrong with the file and which lines you should edit/delete.

After you edited the file with the recommendations the command gave you. You can import the file.


Bugged software center catalog - dep paradox

I have watched over folder by folder, file by file and found it! It was /var/lib/dpkg/status file.

I have restored it, and Software Center was miraculously cured.

/ps. restoring whole root partition didn't worked because I forgot that I've put var folder into other partition and ln to it ;)


How to make my MTS Mblaze to be usable in Ubuntu 14.04

This solution works for me but it is not a permanent solution as I have to follow the below method each time to get stable connection.

Open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+t

First stop service by typing
sudo service network-manager stop

Then plug net-setter & wait for 20-30 seconds.

Then start service by typing
sudo service network-manager start

But it is not a permanent solution as I have to follow above method each time to get stable connection.


Can't install nvidia driver on my laptop anymore

The nividia-current does not install the latest Nvidia driver as its name suggests. It install the current long term support Nvidia driver which unsurprisingly doesn't work for GTX960M.

According to Nvidia the only suitable driver versions are: 352, 361, 367 and 370 (currently beta). Keep this in mind for later.

Now, regarding your issue, first of all, you don't need to install the open-source driver nouveau because it is already installed and will be used by default in the absence of other (proprietary) drive.

Start with removing all traces of previous attempts at Nvidia drivers:

sudo apt purge nvidia*

sudo reboot now

At this point the open-source should be up and running like in a freshly installed Ubuntu.

Open Additional Drivers, select and apply the recommended version only (check above the suitable versions). Reboot.


Generally, the answer above is a steps in a correct direction. There are only two steps missing.

Step-by-step solution
Open new terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and type as follows:

 sudo apt install git
 mkdir ~/tmp
 cd ~/tmp
 git clone https://github.com/alinefr/rtbth.git
 cd rtbth
 make
 sudo make install
 sudo cp -r ~/rtbth /usr/src/rtbth-3.9.3
 sudo dkms install rtbth/3.9.3
 sudo nano /etc/modules

Add rtbth to the end of the file, then Ctrl+o and ENTER (to save the file) and Ctrl+X to close the editor

Then reboot and the new driver will be loaded.

This one worked for me to get the Bluetooth to be active and find devices, however, I didn't succeeded to pair my Jabra play clipper with it, but that might be due to the Jabra device problems.

Anyway, you can try it out and share your progress with us


Note: Never do partial updates. Come back to Software Updater at a later time.

Note: Your error message indicates a blown or missing /etc/initrd.img-* file.

First, we check your file system...

For 18.04 or newer...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

Then we try and finish updates...

At the GRUB menu, choose Additional Options, then choose a kernel that's one less than the newest one... ie: if you show kernels -24, -23, and -22, choose -23. Boot and see if you can restart Software Updater and finish doing updates.


3.5 GB/s is actually 28 Gbps (not taking protocol overheads into account) as GB/s is GigaByte/s, it is actually quite impossible to get that high speed over that interface.

Some relevant observations:
* Your test is far too short to really evaluate speed, increase the read buffer size to see it averaged better.
* It is rather likely that the data "read" was already in the cache, I recommend adding "direct" to the command line to prevent that.


Kernel problem; latest version won't load; older version does. What to do?

I know that you solved the problem. But this is for those who are facing similar problem, just purge the kernel which is not working.

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-4.4.0-64-generic linux-headers-4.4.0-64-generic linux-headers-4.4.0-64


LXLE's system monitor on Ubuntu 14.04 64bit

LXLE uses the LXDE desktop environment. LXTask is the default system monitor, so that could be what you're looking for - I can't know for sure since you haven't given any clue as to what it looks like.

You can find .deb download links for LXTask here

In case you're wondering, LXTask look like this:


How can I run a command automatically upon USB diconnect?

You have to make an udev rules. To do so, you must create a file like this :

$ sudo vim /etc/udev/rules.d/.rules

The name can be whatever you want as long as it ends with .rules

Now here is how you write a rule (it's one I use) :

ACTION=="add", ENV{ID_FS_UUID}=="E040-9945", RUN+="/bin/su adrien -c 'export DISPLAY=:0 && /usr/bin/gnome-screensaver-command -d'"
ACTION=="remove", ENV{ID_FS_UUID}=="E040-9945", RUN+="/bin/su adrien -c 'export DISPLAY=:0 && /usr/bin/gnome-screensaver-command -l'"

First you must specify what conditions to trigger the rule. Here I use the action and the UUID of my usb key. Then I specify a script to run (This one lock/unlock my screen). (You can put as many RUN+="" as you need.)

In your case, don't put the UUID condition but rather something like DRIVERS=="usb-storage"

To find out what property to check, plug an usb key, let's say it goes to /dev/sdb and run :

$ udevadm info -a -p /sys/block/sdb | grep usb


no. your display has (nearly) nothing to do with the video playback speed.

It's more that the free drivers don't speed up video decoding, while the proprietary does. It'd be good to know which graphics chip you actually have.


Is there a PPA for commonly used non-free software?

There is no such PPA, but there are numerous PPAs you need to browse and install various free and non-free applications that do not exist in official repositories.

For some you may even need to go to their website to download and install a .DEB package.

However, there's a handy tool to search applications in all PPAs, add them to your Software Sources and install various packages, and it is Y PPA Manager, which you can install entering these commands in Terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

For more info about Y PPA Manager: www.webupd8.org/2013/06/y-ppa-manager-099-released-with-support.html

And there is also Ubuntu Tweak which can be helpful in easily installing some common free and non-free apps. You can install Ubuntu Tweak entering these commands in Terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

For more info about Ubuntu Tweak: www.webupd8.org/2013/04/download-ubuntu-tweak-084-now.html


Ubuntu 19.10 Startup really slow and stuck on Starting Remove Stale Online ext4 Metadata Check Snapshots

Are you sure it's actually stuck there? On my system it runs right after sddm. While it looked like I was stuck on this step, I disabled the service and found it was actually sddm failing to initialize my video. I'd put money on it being your display manager that's slow, unless you're actually seeing a timer in the "Starting..." line.


You must specify the remote user, otherwise it will use the user that you are logged into locally.

For example:

ssh username@host

So, in your case you would use:

ssh toto@toto


I found the rogauracore package on Github here: https://github.com/wroberts/rogauracore. On my G531GT it allowed me to control the color of the backlight, which included turning it off. I can't easily dim the backlight, but I can choose a color which is less bright, effectively dimming it, although not as convenient.

It's not the real solution to the problem (which probably involves some kernel update), but a very useful workaround with the added bonus that you can actually control the RGB on the backlight too.


problem with ecryptfs-recover-private: mount(2) failed

So this simple command ecryptfs-recover-private, proved to be unreliable.
None of the metohd above worked for me, trying to move from ecryptfs to LUKS container.

What did work, was the manual method describe in ubuntu community wiki

In detail:

# sudo -i
# ecryptfs-add-passphrase --fnek
Inserted auth tok with sig [aaaaaaaaaaaaa] into the user session keyring
Inserted auth tok with sig [bbbbbbbbbbbbb] into the user session keyring
# mkdir -p /mnt/new_mount_point
# mount -t ecryptfs /mnt/old_mount_point/home/username/.Private /mnt/new_mount_point

select 3  (use a passphrase key type, and use your recovered passphrase aka unwrapped-passphrase)
select aes  (use the aes cipher)
select 16  (use a 16 byte key)
enable plaintext passthrough: n
enable filename encryption: y


How to install emacs 26 instead of latest emacs 28

How to Install GNU Emacs 26.1 in Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, 18.10:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kelleyk/emacs
sudo apt update
sudo apt install emacs26


I make some script. Try, maybe is that solution for you

Create file with some name and put in

nano name_of_script

script

#!/bin/bash
function routeadd {
    route add -host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx dev ppp0
    route add -net xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx dev ppp0
}
function makepptp {
   echo pty \"pptp xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx --nolaunchpppd\" >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
   echo remotename PPTP >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
   echo require-mppe-128 >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
   echo file /etc/ppp/options.pptp >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
   echo ipparam vpn >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
pppd call vpn &
}
if [ -a /etc/ppp/chap-secrets ];
        then
        rm /etc/ppp/chap-secrets
    echo $1 PPTP $2 '*' >> /etc/ppp/chap-secrets;
else
    echo $1 PPTP $2 '*' >> /etc/ppp/chap-secrets;
fi

if [ -e /etc/ppp/peers/vpn ];
    then
    rm /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
    echo name $1 >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
    makepptp;
    sleep 8;
    routeadd;
else
    echo name $1 >> /etc/ppp/peers/vpn;
    makepptp;
    sleep 8;
    routeadd;
fi

In script change you host ip and add network or/and host witch you wish to connect via vpn

Usage:

sudo /path_to_script/name_of_script username password

note: set execute permision to script


Trying to connect to MacBook: Password etc. doesn't work (Files -> Other Locations -> "MacBook Pro" under Networks.)

To connect to the MacBook from Ubuntu I had to use Terminal commands.
$ cd /mnt
/mnt$ sudo mkdir macbook
/mnt$ sudo  mount -v  -t  cifs  //macbook-pro-henrik.local/henrik  /mnt/macbook  -o  user="Henrik"
mount.cifs kernel mount options: ip=192.168.1.227,unc=\\macbook-pro-henrik.local\henrik,user=Henrik,pass=********
/mnt$

The functionality in Ubuntu Files is VERY primitive. I would call it a waste of time... It doesn't give any error messages. It doesn't even tell you that you need to install this:
sudo apt install cifs-utils


Main HD is full. Home Assistant on Docker installation

Your storage device is full due to a "runaway" log file taking up 7.6GB.
This is one of the most common causes of a full storage device.
The log file itself is not broken. Your system is encountering some problem very frequently (sometimes one or more times each second), and logging about it every time.
The temporary workaround is to delete the log file. It will promptly regenerate (empty) on it's own, and will promptly start growing again.
The real solution is to investigate the log file, identify whatever problem(s) are causing the tremendous log activity, and fix it(them).


How to disable Time and date settings for normal users in Ubuntu?

You need admin rights to change the date and time, so you need not worry non-admin users would change it unless they have the admin password :)


Could not open X display giggle: Cannot open display

Run the following command from your terminal to fix this:

sudo service lightdm start
export DISPLAY=:0.0

LightDM is the display manager running in Ubuntu, the first command starts this service. The second command sets the value in DISPLAY variable for exporting display on the client.


Alternatively , you can shutdown your PC  from terminal with this simple command .

sudo shutdown -h now

hope that helps.

How to restart/shutdown from Terminal


Shotwell creates new Events with each import, regardless if the photos you are importing could fit into an existing Event.  The thinking is that if you're importing photos from separate cameras (or another source), they may not be of the same "event" (i.e. one from a birthday party, another at the zoo or something).  This isn't perfect for everyone, and there is some thought to changing this behavior.

Unfortunately, there is no way to automatically merge the duplicate Events.  You can, however, manually merge Events by selecting all the photos in one Event and dragging them to a different Event in the sidebar.  If the photos are not taken on the same day, the Event will be renamed to represent that (i.e. "Thu, Feb 19 - 20, 2011").

Also note that you can Edit -> Undo this operation, which is useful if you make a mistake.  (You lose Undo when you close Shotwell, however.)


Why are the close buttons broken on snap apps?

TL;DR

It is a bug, I have reported it to launchpad to notify the developers about the problem.

As temporary solution you can switch icon theme using GNOME Tweaks → Appearance to one of the following icon sets:

Ubuntu-mono-dark
Ubuntu-mono-light
Yaru

to get normal close button appearance:

Analysis

Seems to be a real bug of Snap and theming of such applications on GNOME DE.

I got the same issue using fresh Ubuntu 19.10 installation on VirtualBox with GNOME FlashBack and Adwaita GTK and icon themes.

I have tested all themes (full list from ls /usr/share/themes/ -1) and all icons (full list of ls /usr/share/icons/ -1) which were listed in GNOME Tweaks → Appearance tab and can conclude that many icon sets are broken:

Adwaita
DMZ-Black
DMZ-White
hicolor
HighContrast
Humanity
Humanity-Dark
LoginIcons

The icon set from above list render garbage on the close button.

The list of correct icon sets is very short:

Ubuntu-mono-dark
Ubuntu-mono-light
Yaru

You can test themes and icon sets on your machine with script below:

#!/bin/bash

DISPLAY=:0

for t in $(ls -1 /usr/share/themes/)
do
    for i in $(ls -1 /usr/share/icons/)
    do

        echo -e "\nTheme: $t, Icons: $i\n"

        gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme "$t"
        gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme "$i"

        /snap/bin/gnome-calculator

        #read -r -s -p "Press <Enter> for next theme"
    done
done

Or use GNOME Tweaks to switch themes and icon sets.


forcepae lubuntu instructions do not work

My laptop is a Dell d600. I upgraded the ram to 1.25 Gbytes.
Here's how I installed Lubuntu:

Boot from DVD Lubuntu 16.04 LTS
Choose your language within 30 sec when it pop up.
Highlight "install Lubuntu".
Press F6.
Press ESC.
(at bottom, a row appears, it says:
boot options: ........... quiet splash.)
Use the Backspace of your keyboard to erase "quiet splash" and type in "forcepae", then hit Enter.
Wait about 30 sec.
The screen turns to:

  Warning: forcing PAE in CPU flags.

Then the laptop starts the installation.


Ubuntu Desktop install on 640x480 monitor

I just want to inform that once you installed Ubuntu in this Advantech PPC-L62T the problem with the resolution persists. I found that editing the grub settings fix the problem:

Edit /etc/default/grub and edit/add the following lines:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="nomodeset video=uvesafb:mode_option=1024x768-24,mtrr=3,scroll=ywrap"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=640x480

Then update grub with the following command:

sudo update-grub

And then reboot to test the results.


For running GUI applications (e.g. gedit in your case) as another user you can use gksudo. I am not sure if it comes with default Ubuntu now but you can install:

 sudo apt-get install gksu

And then run like this:

 gksudo -u <user goes here> gedit <file goes here>


Will ubuntu boot if the /boot partition is full?

If the boot partition is 100% full will my system still be able to boot?

Yes, you can be able to boot Ubuntu.

  Are temp files written in /boot during the boot process?

No temporary files were written to the /boot directroy while booting.


I get an error when I try to mount a disk to more that one mount point

You cannot mount an NTFS volume in two places. This is by design to avoid FS corruption. You can, however, make a symlink from one location to the other.

Let's say you mount it at /mnt/ntfs1 and want to make a second mount point at /mnt/ntfs2. You can symlink /mnt/ntfs2 to /mnt/ntfs1 as follows:

sudo ln -s /mnt/ntfs1 /mnt/ntfs2

Note the order in which the directories are given. The one where it is successfully mounted is first, and the place where you want to "mount" it is second.

Note that this is imperfect as using cd .. in shells will cause you to work within the wrong copy, but for file management programs, this should work, with one caveat,  from here:

  NOTE: There is the danger of a file becoming corrupted if more than one person tries to edit it at the same time.


First of all, you should import the key to local keyring as @enzotib instructed:

gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 7ADF9466

Then export the key to your local trustedkeys to make it trusted:

gpg --no-default-keyring -a --export 7ADF9466 | gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring ~/.gnupg/trustedkeys.gpg --import -


Found the reason - bad port forwarding configuration in local network. So actually port wasn't accessible only from my local network.


Okay, My answer consist of two sections:

1. Short Answer : You can't run a 64bit VM on a 32-bit processor. However, you can run a 64bit VM if you have a 64bit processor but have installed a 32bit host OS and your processor supports the right extensions.

2. Long Answer :

Make sure your processor supports virtualization extensions. Both AMD and Intel have processors that support this technology. You can check it from the /proc/cpuinfo file. Look at the flags section for one of two values, vmx or svm.

vmx - (Intel)

svm - (AMD)

Issue this command, egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo. If your system supports VT, then you will see vmx or svm in the list of flags. An example output would be,

  flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge
  mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall
  nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr
  lahf_lm

NOTE : These flags say that your processor supports VT technology. However, VT technology can still be disabled in your computer’s BIOS. So make sure it has enabled from BIOS.

Optionally, you can use one of these tools, Processor Check for 64-Bit Compatibility from VMWare or Intel® Processor Identification Utility

According to this document from VMWare,

  64-bit guest operating system support: 64-bit guest operating systems will run on 64-bit hardware independent of the type of host operating system. 64-bit guest operating systems offer direct access to more memory than 32-bit systems ...

Therefore, if your processor supports 64bit architecture and has VT extensions, you can run 64bit VMs.

Assume this info will help you :)


Open Sound Setting on System Settings open input tab see
what sound card is installed if any exists, click it
speak on Microphone
if Right side bar show any change
your Microphone is installed and Work.


Probably the easiest way would be to:

open your Google calendar in a web browser
go to settings/calendars and export calendars (this will download a zip file)
extract the zip file
in Thunderbird, create a new calendar
import the contents of the zip file into the new calendar
delete the Google calendar from Thunderbird.


How I Install Adobe Audition CS6 to Ubuntu 12.10

@Hasiya Rulzz I have to bring to your notice that you might not be able to run any product from the Adobe Creative Suite 6 natively into linux. Even to do that you might need application like WINE and as J Moore pointed, you can see some serious issue's running Adobe Creative Suite 6 on Linux using WINE.

What I can suggest is, you have two options:

You can try installing a Virtual Machine for Windows and try installing Adobe Creative Suite 6 there to work on, that should not be an issue.
If you are not just specific to Adobe Creative Suite 6 and can install any alternative cross-platform audio editor then I would suggest you to try Audacity.

Hope this helps.


Make a LiveUSB with a Ubuntu image from ubuntu.com using e.g. LinuxLive USB Creator - www.linuxliveusb.com/

Then boot from USB, and choose install Ubuntu. In the installation progress you have the option to securely erase your hard drive first(although it's seldom necessary, especially with SSD's)

Good luck


How to add some margin for icon space in Unity bar menu?

Not the clean solution you're looking for, but you could create an icon full of transparency.

It would accomplish the goal of consistent layout/indentation.  Using transparency would also make it portable across themes.


Ubuntu 14.04 Gnome background out of focus on external 1920x1080 monitor?

That's a monitor setting (thus external hardware, thus off-topic here).  Just a small hint before closing this as off-topic: Go to the settings in the monitor itself and try different "refresh rates" aka "scan rates" until it works.


How to enumerate over specific number/title in shell

Use a loop and a variable:

for i in {08..29}
do
    wget linkftp://ftp-trace.ncbi.nih.gov/sra/srainstant/reads/ByRun/sra/SRR/SRR031$i/SRR031$i.sra
done


Safely Remove on External portable drive "Keeps remounting drive"

Install udisks.

sudo apt-get install udisks

Then try to execute this command in the terminal, open terminal with CTRL + ALT + T

sudo udisks --unmount 'device' && udisks --detach 'device'

Replace 'device' with the name of your device, might be /dev/sdb1.
If you are unsure execute the command mount in the terminal and post back the result here.


Upgrade to 12.10 failed. Now it wont start, hangs

We need some log info...
You can also try hitting the arrow keys early in the process - that usually brings up the text output from the startup process. If anything seems suspicious in the output, and it says something like Error reading so and so or Could not initialize the thingamabob, then tell us about it.

If that log info can't be accessed, try looking at the end of /var/log/kern.log

To do that, boot up into the live DVD, mount the partition for of your new installation, pop open a terminal, type sudo su, and type tail /media/ubuntu/[insert partition name here]/var/log/kern.log. Tell us what it says.

Also, make sure it's not running a disk check. I've been caught by that one. Is your hard drive light (if you have one) continuously blinking?


try to run tar without specifying the "z" part.

tar xvf nginx-1.11.6.tar.gz

Also, try to cat the file. It seems like you're not receiving the correct file.

dak@dak-tp:~/Downloads$ file nginx-1.11.6.tar.gz
nginx-1.11.6.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, last modified: Tue Nov 15 15:11:52 2016, from Unix
dak@dak-tp:~/Downloads$ md5sum nginx-1.11.6.tar.gz
4e29a07a7c74376fa032e5af0d1c5369  nginx-1.11.6.tar.gz


sudo: /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh: command not found

Since Ubuntu 16.04 you don't need to run /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh but install the package libdvd-pkg to get libdvdcss2


Can"t install anything from Ubuntu Software Center after trying to install Ubuntu restricted extras

Have you tried this?
Essentially in that thread and the one it links to:sudo dpkg --configure -a
From the man page this:
         Configure  a package which has been unpacked but not yet config‐
              ured.  If -a or --pending  is  given  instead  of  package,  all
              unpacked but unconfigured packages are configured.

So, you're just trying to get your packages in a consistent state.  Then asudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get upgrade to get to latest...from the terminal.  If it fails, note what packages it complains about.
Then you can force remove/purge/reinstall them.
"How do I purge and re-install"
sudo apt-get remove --purge ubuntu-restricted-*
You may need a -f in there if something is in an inconsistent state.
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras


Is there a way to stop KDE 4.10 from suspending at the login screen on laptop close?

If your system has moved to systemd, specifically the logind service, settings for the logind service will control the system's behavior when the lid closes.

Specifically, look for the logind.conf file (probably at /etc/systemd/logind.conf), and edit it to set the HandleLidSwitch setting (to ignore).

#HandleLidSwitch=suspend
HandleLidSwitch=ignore

After this, make sure to restart the logind service, either via a reboot or systemctl restart systemd-logind.service.


PulseAudio volume control switch widget for XFCE

Yes there is, it is called pasystray

sudo apt-get install pasystray

press ALT + F2 and type

pasystray

to start it up.

Next, you need to add the "notification area" to the xfce panel if not already added.

Finally, you will see a speaker icon on the desktop panel. Click the icon to adjust the speaker. Go to startup applications and add it there to make it start up at startup.


Changing TTY keyboard layout on a server?

After trying sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-data, I found out that it doesn't work after a reboot.

However,

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

does work after reboot and also has more options.

More info here.


How do I minimize stuff to the System Tray?

Kdocker can minimize any application to the system tray.

I use it with a keyboard shortcut Super+S


On Panel at extreme right if you find Shutdown, triple click on Shutdown as fast as you can, then lubuntu will ask you what to do
if you dont have a shutdown option ... then use a dock like DOCKY or CAIRO