How do I set up a linux proxy for my mac

Using SSH tunnels: Ports and port forwarding on your router:
Using an ssh tunnel as a proxy involves setting up a local proxy on the default socks5 port (1080).  All applications will then send their web traffic to that port, and it will then be sent through the encrypted ssh tunnel to your server and then to the internet.
The only application that your router needs to forward ports for is the ssh client/server--route all incoming TCP requests on port 22, to the IP address of your server on your local network.
Here's a picture illustrating this:

Let's take a look at the command used to create the SSH tunnel to understand how it works.
ssh -ND 1080 user@11.11.11.111 -p 22

The above command is what creates this tunnel from the client to the server.  -D 1080 set what sets up the socks5 proxy at local port 1080 for your applications to use.  This is all on your local machine.  Port 1080 does not need to be routed anywhere using your router.
user is your username on your server.  11.11.11.111 is the ip address of your server.  -p 22 is the port that the ssh client tries to connect to your ssh server using (port 22 is the default so you don't really need to include -p 22 in your command if you haven't changed from the default, I just added it in for explanation purposes).  This is the port that you will need to make sure your router is forwarding to your server.  If you choose not to use the default ssh port (22) you will also need to configure your ssh server to listen on a different port.
To make applications use this tunnel...
you just have to modify their proxy settings (or use a global proxy--I'm not familiar with how OS X does this though) to use a socks5 proxy at localhost:1080 or 127.0.0.1:1080.  For example this is how to do this with Firefox:
Using the menus go to Edit:Preferences:Advanced:Network:(connection)Settings

To set a global proxy on OS X
I don't use OS X but the OP confirmed that this works (see comments).  You can try installing this GUI tool for OS X, navigating to System Preferences -> Network -> Advanced... -> Proxies and entering 127.0.0.1 as the server and 1080 as the port.
Hope this helps.


libudev.so.1 not found when trying to run spotify

WARNING!

THIS SOLUTION BREAKS UNITY ON RECENT VERSIONS OF UBUNTU WHICH MAKES UBUNTU UNABLE TO BOOT. YOU PROBABLY DON'T WANT TO TRY IT UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU'RE DOING.
PLEASE PROCEED WITH CAUTION.

In Ubuntu 12.04 LTS do following:
sudo apt-get install libudev0

Then you create a symlink to the file as following (64bit):

PLEASE PROCEED WITH CAUTION!!
    sudo ln -sf /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1

If you are using a 32bit:

PLEASE PROCEED WITH CAUTION!!
    sudo ln -sf /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libudev.so.0 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1

Now Spotify should recognize the correct library.
If this doesn't work, please post back and I'll try to help you further :)


Hide GUI of program after auto launching on startup

The Iris settingswindow

If we close Iris' settings window with the X, it is seemingly closed.

If we do the same, with the help of wmctrl (wmctrl -ic <window_id>) however, it turns out not only the window is closed, but the complete application.

My conclusion is then that the window is not actually closed, but unmapped when we press the X.

We can do the same with the help of xdotool. With an edited version of this answer: How can I run a program on startup, minimized?, we can then startup Iris without the settings window to appear.

Starting up iris without the settings window (script)

The script uses both wmctrl and xdotool:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl xdotool

Copy the script below into an empty file, save it into the same directory as your Iris.sh file (so they are together in the same directory), as start_iris.py.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time
import sys
import os

command = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])+"/Iris.sh"
subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", command])

def get(cmd):
    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode("utf-8").strip()

t = 0

while t < 12:
    time.sleep(1)
    try:
        w_list = [l.split()[0] for l in get(["wmctrl", "-l"]).splitlines() if "Iris" in l]
        for w in w_list:
            check = [l for l in get(["xprop", "-id", w]).splitlines()\
                     if "WM_CLASS(STRING)" in l][0]
            if "Iris" in check:
                subprocess.Popen(["xdotool", "windowunmap", w])
                break
        break
    except (IndexError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
        pass
    t += 1

Now run the following command instead of the original command to start Iris:

python3 /path/to/start_iris.py

The settings window will no longer appear!

Explanation

The script looks into its own directory for the file Iris.sh, and launches it.
Subsequently, it watches for the creation of new windows of WM_CLASS Iris (your settings window).
If it found the targeted window, it unmaps the window with the xdotool command:

xdotool windowunmap <window_id>

Notes

Obviously, clicking on the X of the settings window also unmaps the window. Apparantly this is done in a different way from xdotool. The consequence is that you cannot reach the settings window (from the indicator menu), without restarting Iris.

You mentioned however you normally do not need the settings window at all.
Note that when starting up GUI applications from Startup APplications (especially when it involves screen settings), you might need to build in a little break for it to work fine. If it doesn't work from Startup Applications, change the command to add to Stratup Applications into:

/bin/bash -c "sleep 10 && python3 /path/to/start_iris.py"


How to download all required Ubuntu drivers

Ubuntu has a built-in ubuntu-drivers program that can decide automatically which graphics driver to install, and streamlines the installation of Nvidia drivers. Open the terminal and type:
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
sudo reboot

The autoinstall command of ubuntu-drivers installs drivers that are appropriate for automatic installation including their dependencies. In Ubuntu 20.04 and later running sudo apt upgrade not only upgrades the versions of the proprietary graphics drivers that were installed by sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall. Sometimes sudo apt upgrade even upgrades the proprietary graphics driver packages to more recent packages, in which case sudo apt autoremove removes the older packages which were replaced by the newer ones. For most users there's no reason to guess about which proprietary graphics driver to install, because if your system deserves a graphics driver upgrade it will get one.
The devices command of ubuntu-drivers lists proprietary drivers that are compatible with your computer's GPU. If your computer has an Intel processor and it doesn't have a discrete graphics processor, the command ubuntu-drivers devices will not return results that show that a proprietary graphics card driver is available to be installed because the Intel graphics driver is built-in in Ubuntu.
If you visit the official AMD or NVIDIA websites you will often see that the latest version of the proprietary graphics driver for your GPU is a little bit more up-to-date than the version of the same graphics driver that is available from the default Ubuntu repositories. Don't worry about this, because if the difference between version numbers of the two proprietary graphics drivers is small, then you will get similar performance by using either of the two drivers. If you install a graphics driver from the default Ubuntu repositories, you will also get automatic updates for that driver which are sometimes linked to kernel updates.


./configure error when compiling xgrafix on ubuntu 12.04

Finally I am able to build it. what I probably missed is "=" sign after the switch that i have applied.
so i changed it as bellow.

samir@samir-HP:~/Downloads/xgrafix$ ./configure --with-X11_LIBDIR=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/

it worked.
Thanks a lot.


How to update my Ubuntu Software Center App

You must submit the new version to the app store, via the My Apps portal.


There is a problem with dual boot do you see grub boot menu in which boot options are there with Every operating system on your disk? If no then you should reinstall Ubuntu and If yes then do a boot repair using the live USB Flash drive you created to install Ubuntu

You can get more information about boot repair here


installing mail server on an ubuntu server with existing web server

Yes, you can run a web server and a mail server on the same Ubuntu machine. That's a pretty common setup.

You will need:

host OS (Ubuntu is fine) with a static public IP address
firewall on your host OS (eg. combination of iptables with UFW on top)
registered domain and access to DNS server to change/add DNS records (for MX records as you mentioned)
webserver (apache is fine), programming language (PHP in your case), database (I assume MySQL or maybe MariaDB) for running your WordPress website(s)
mail transfer agent (postfix is fine), mail delivery agent (dovecot is fine) for running your mail server.

Additionally you might want to have:

full-text search (eg. using Solr) and spam filter (eg. using Rspamd) for your mail server
SSL certificate(s) for encryptet access to your website(s) and your mail accounts (eg. using Let's Encrypt / certbot-auto).
automatic security updates (eg. install unattended-upgrades)

Mail server setup:

Setting up a mail server correctly is a pretty complex task. There's a lot you need to know (like DKIM, DMARC, and SPF) so other mail servers will trust you and your e-mails won't end in your receivers' spam filter.

Luckily there is this excellent guide from Cullum Smith: How To Run Your Own Mail Server

Clarification:

You only need one instance of a web server software, for example Apache, to server multiple websites. But there are configurations possible where you would in fact use two instances of web server software, like Apache AND nginx on the same machine. But that has nothing to do with running a mail server. People install this combination of Apache & nginx for performance and security reasons – like nginx handling the external communication, talking to the internet real fast and secure (called a reverse proxy) and apache handling the internal communication, to PHP, MySQL and your website's files.

Your mail server won't have contact to your Apache instance (unless you plan to implement webmail access).


Yes,  make the OVF when you go from machine to machine.


How do I make man pages open in a web browser?

Using the man program
Looking at the manpage of man,
man man

There is the -H option, or its equivalent --html which will generate the HTML for the manual and open them in the browser.

This  option  will  cause  groff  to produce HTML output, and will display that output in a web browser.  The choice of browser is determined by the optional browser argument if one is provided, by the $BROWSER environment variable, or by a compile-time default if that is unset (usually lynx).  This option implies -t, and will only work with GNU troff.

So to open any man page in the browser just use:
man -Hfirefox <command>

or
man --html=firefox <command>

Both are the same.
You can use firefox, google-chrome, chromium-browser or any other in place of the firefox word.
Select a default browser permanently
Before calling the man command, use the following command:
export BROWSER=firefox

This way, you can just use man -H or man --html without specifying the browser each time.
man -H ls

You can also add the previous export command to your ~/.bashrc so you won't have to type it each time you open a new terminal and try using man -H
Troubleshoot
If you got an error saying something like this:
man: command exited with status 3: /usr/bin/zsoelim | /usr/lib/man-db/manconv -f UTF-8:ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8//IGNORE | preconv -e UTF-8 | tbl | groff -mandoc -Thtml

You will need to install the groff package.
sudo apt-get install groff

Using Yelp
If a choice of browser is not relevant, you can use the yelp command which offers navigation through the man pages.
yelp man:<command>
# example: yelp man:ls

Using the Ubuntu Manpage Repository
You can also visit https://manpages.ubuntu.com/ and check almost all man pages there. All versions of the man pages for all the Ubuntu versions are available there. It also features a search functionality.
Of course, the downside of using the website is that you can't access it without being connected to the Internet.


Dual booting Ubuntu 13.10 and Win 8 on Asus S400CA

I think easiest would be to wipe the disk(s) and reinstall win8 first and then Ubuntu :)


Flash can not be displayed normally on Ubuntu 13.04

To overcome this, go to the Google Chrome website and download it from there.

Then in Terminal type:

64-bit

cd Downloads
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

32-bit

cd Downloads
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb

Flash is built in to the programme, so does not need installing separately. Also Google Chrome always updates to the latest Flash automatically.

Chromium and Chrome apart from that are virtually the same programmes.


Depending on your brand of laptop, this could be a known bug. It might be fixed with updated BIOS as in the case of Acer here:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1066981


High resolution in Thinkpad T60 with ATI X1400

(using the steps from here : http://osarena.net/2011/08/pos-na-prosthesete-tin-katallili-analisi-stin-othoni-sas-an-den-anagnorizete-aftomata.html )

According to your output your connected screen is the LVDS connected (we will need that.)
Next you must find your screens modelines which can be obtained through:

your manual,
the constructors (of your screen) site or
this site

Open a terminal and run

xrandr –newmode “ModeName” <modeline>

where ModeName is just a name of your choice and <modeline> the one from the  previous step.

example :

xrandr –newmode "1920x1080_60.00″ 148.35 1920 2008 2052 2200 1080 1084 1089 1125 +hsync +vsync

Then run this to add the new configuration:

xrandr –addmode <your connection name> <your modeline's name>

Your connection name is the one from the step 1.

example :

xrandr –addmode VGA-0 1920x1080_60.00

where:

ModeName = 1920x1080_60.00
connection name = VGA-0

Then run gksu gedit /etc/gdm/PreSession/Default and add the 2 previous lines to the end of the above file.

example:

xrandr –newmode «1920x1080_60.00″ 148.35 1920 2008 2052 2200 1080 1084 1089 1125 +hsync +vsync
xrandr –addmode VGA-0 1920x1080_60.00

Through your monitor settings, choose your new resolution.


Cannot Install Ubuntu 16.04.3 on VMWare, but can install 16.04.1

Alright, this was an easy one. I was running VMWare Workstation Pro version 12.0.0, provided by my school. After I installed the latest update (version 12.5.8), things seem to be working just fine.

Because I built this PC myself, I was assuming that something must have been wrong with the hardware.


NVIDIA driver not working since kernel update

I know about this everytime you install a new Kernel.
The best approach is to uninstall every Nvidia driver and related programs.
Follow the instructions here:
https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#removing-cuda-tk-and-driver
Then install it again.


Is there a non-web based application for calling in GTalk?

Empathy , the default chat client, supports google talk.


How to fix update problems (Ubuntu 20.04)

I had this problem too and this is how i fixed it

Befor all don't forget this two points :

-- 1 -- Do not reboot your PC until you finish all the steps

-- 2 -- Do not forget to update your grub befor rebooting by executing :
    sudo update-grub2

The problem here is that when you upgrade ubuntu from 18.04 to 20.04 the system did not replace every instance of bionic with focal : it did not replace libpython3.8-stdlib (3.8.2-1+bionic1) by libpython3.8-stdlib (= 3.8.2-1ubuntu1.1)
So the solution is to replace it manually :)
The steps to do this are :

1 - save the names of the packages that depend on the library in a text file to reinstall them later
run : sudo apt-get autoremove libpython3.8-stdlib
a message will show you all this packages :

(( apg apparmor apport apport-gtk ...xserver-xorg-video-vmware xwayland yelp yelp-xsl ))

copy them in a text file, then tap " yes " to uninstall the bionic version of libpython3.8-stdlib

2- install the focal version by :

sudo apt-get install libpython3.8-stdlib

3- now install the packages saved in the text file one by one : you can create a screipt file like this :
(( ....

sudo apt-get install gir1.2-gck-1
sudo apt-get install gir1.2-gcr-3
sudo apt-get install gir1.2-gdm-1.0
sudo apt-get install gir1.2-geoclue-2.0
sudo apt-get install gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0

... ))

Do not forget to install the ubuntu-desktop if it is not in the package text file
    sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

4- update your grub , run : sudo update-grub2

5- finally reboot your pc

That's all :)


Need help with old data and Ubuntu installation to replace Windows entirely

First up, you have to back up. What happens if your computer gets stolen, or dropped, or there's a power surge, flood or fire?

Secondly, yes, just erase the primary drive and all others will be untouched.


How can I include files in a debian package for use in the postinst script?

Short of installing them somewhere like /usr/share/$package/patches/, there isn't a way that I know of to have those files available during the postinst script's run. More importantly, while this is a package just for your use, it is bad practice for one package to change files owned by another package. It also means that your changes will just get blown away when the other package gets updated. You'd be much better using dpkg-divert. See also this question.


Creating a bootable flash without overlayfs

Follow the instructions on THIS link to Install Ubuntu 'on' the USB drive rather then making it a persistent USB.

Hope it helped :)


Why does ubuntu take a long time to figure out that the password inputted is wrong?

It's a good security feature. If it provided an immediate response then anyone trying to guess your password can work more quickly. Adding a one or two second delay vastly increases the time it would take to brute force your password

As girardengo added, this feature can be configured by changing FAIL_DELAY in /etc/login.defs. Type man login.defs for more info.

Also, as CelticWarrior pointed out, 15.04 is no longer supported, you should upgrade to a supported release. I usually stick with the long term support versions to cut down on the amount of major upgrades I have to do


How can I use juju manage multiple environments?

There are three ways to manage Juju environments within the command line. One way is to set the "default" YAML key to the environment you want to use by default:

default: devel
environments:
  production:
    ...
  devel:
    ...
  staging:
    ...

You can override the default environments.yaml key by passing an -e flag with each Juju command, the value set to which environment you want to use:

juju bootstrap -e staging
juju deploy -e staging mysql
juju status -e production
juju destroy-environment -e devel

Lastly, Juju will look for the JUJU_ENV environment variable. You can export that then reset it to either an empty string or a new value to avoid changing the default environments.yaml key or using the -e flag

marco@work:~$ export JUJU_ENV=production
marco@work:~$ juju bootstrap
2012-11-14 13:55:44,235 INFO Bootstrapping environment 'production' (origin: ppa type: ec2)...
2012-11-14 13:55:45,567 INFO 'bootstrap' command finished successfully

marco@work:~$ export JUJU_ENV=local
marco@work:~$ juju status
2012-11-14 13:55:39,504 INFO Connecting to environment...
2012-11-14 13:55:40,179 ERROR juju environment not found: is the environment bootstrapped?


Grub cannot load ubuntu after setting up dual boot on two different disks

Not sure how far you are with configuring either operating system. But its best to install windows THEN Ubuntu. This allows grub to configure the boot loader accordingly for both OS.

My process usually is:

1) Install Windows

2) Enter disk management to shrink partition volume (For you this step is not necessary)

3) Enter Linux USB and install

4) Select your partition(drive for you) and install

Ideally this will allow GRUB to see the windows install and configure the Boot loader accordingly.


Does sudo apt-get update work for you? If it is complaining about a problem with libstdc++.so.6, then installing the right version of the C++ stdlib should fix your problem.


How can I get a fun little creature to run on top of my active windows?

I just found this recently and thought I would share this little bit of eye candy.

Download AMOR

wget launchpadlibrarian.net/221203542/amor_15.08.2-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i amor_15.08.2-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb

Start it from dash and then right click the creature to edit some settings

Here is Tux

Here is Nico the cat

Just a bit of fun :) The creatures are fully animated and run around and interact with your windows.


You probably added a wrong file and a directory to your /etc/apt/sources.list.d/.

This can be fixed by removing them.

And also there is no package ia32-libs in Ubuntu 14.04/


How can I convert a ppt to a pdf from the command line?

You can also use the command line of libreoffice for your purpose. This example converts all ppt-files in the current directory to pdf's:

libreoffice --headless --invisible --convert-to pdf *.ppt

  --headless
  Starts in "headless mode", which allows using the application without a user interface.
         This special mode can be used when the application is controlled by external clients via the API...
  It  implies  --invisible  and  strictly ignores any GUI environment.

and

  --invisible
              Starts in invisible mode.
                Neither the start-up logo nor the initial program window will be visible.  LO can be controlled and documents and dialogs can be opened via the API.
     When  started with this parameter, it can only be quit using the taskmanager (Windows) or the kill command
                (UNIX based systems).

Get more information on command line options with:

man libreoffice

(Note: You have to close all running instances of LibreOffice before the command line works.)


How to install ubuntu 14.04 alongwith linux mint 14 (dual booting)

Use Gparted. Mint should have it pre-installed. Use it to downsize your Mint partition and to create an ext4 partition on the new free space. Boot the Ubuntu installer, select Something Else when asked where to install Ubuntu and select the partition you made with Gparted.


How to add a link group to update-alternatives?

you can use:

update-alternatives --install <path-to-generic-binary> <generic-binary-name> <path-to-alternatives> <priority>

so that for installing scala of different versions, you could do like:

update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/scala scala /opt/scala-x.x.x/bin/scala 1200

Note:

this is an extracted version of the accepted answer, from the accepted answer's script link.

Added here so that the answer be here even if the link breaks in the future.


Can I extend my windows 10 partition safely?

If I'm understanding what you're saying correctly what you're trying to do will not work because your root partition is currently mounted and active. You must unmount it before you can resize it properly. Unfortunately, you cannot do this while currently using your Linux system, and Windows cannot see ext filesystem partitions. Luckily, you do not have to uninstall Ubuntu to achieve your goal.

I recommend you download the GParted live CD (version 0.30.0-1, or whatever the latest version is) from the developer's SourceForge page. You'll want to download the either the i686 (compatible with 32-bit and 64-bit) or amd64 (only 64-bit compatible). Make sure you download the .iso file. Next, you'll have to create a bootable USB or DVD. For KDE, I believe the default disk burner is k3b. If you'll be creating a bootable USB, you can either find a GUI tool or create one yourself using the dd command. The Arch Wiki has a simple guide for using the dd command to create a bootable USB's. There are also numerous forum posts as well.
Note: Sometimes dd is successful, but the USB fails to boot. If that happens, you can try another method.

Once inside the GParted live environment, GParted should load automatically and detect your partitions. From here, you can resize your ext4 root partition. Drag from the rightmost side of the partition or right-click on the partition you want to resize and select resize/move from the menu that appears. Once your settings are as you want them, apply/save them.

Do Not use GParted to resize the Windows partition. This will cause Windows to believe the partition has been damaged and will nag you about running check disk and might even cause damage. Instead, boot into Windows after you've shrunk your Ubuntu partition and use the Disk Management Tool to allocate the free space to your NTFS partitions.

Warning: This may be paranoia on my part, but I recommend creating a full backup before doing this just in case something goes wrong.


Dual Booting with Windows 8.1, what partitions should I create on HDD and SSD?

I`ve been a dual-boot-er for almost 4 years now and I have not yet seen Ubuntu needing and taking advantage of SSD speed. So I recommend installing Ubuntu on the HDD, leaving the SSD to deal with Windows for data security reasons.

You will need a minimum of 2 partitions:

1) an ext (ext4 recommended) that will be /. In this partition you will have the /home, /root and everything.

2) a swap partition. In the old days, it was recommended to have the swap double the RAM ammount. Nowadays, you no longer need that. Just make a 8GB swap at the end ogf the HDD.

As for the / partition, the size depends on what you want to do. My / is 30GB.

The programs you install will be in the / partition.

So:

1) Create a ~35GB primary ext4 partition on the HDD (preferably at the beginning of the partition table, but if not, at the end will do), with the mount point: /

2) Create a 8GB partition on the HDD (preferably at the end of the partition table) and select "use as: Swap area"

Everything will be OK like this. Hope my advice helped you. Welcome to Ubuntu!


Add Windows programs from VirtualBox to the Ubuntu programs menu

Install Guest Additions
Enable seamless mode
Shutdown the VM
Create a simple bash script, placing this into it (reference):

#!/bin/bash
VBoxManage startvm "VM_NAME"
VBoxManage guestcontrol execute "VM_NAME" "exec_command"

Replace VM_NAME with the name of the VM and exec_command with the command you want to run.
Save this file somewhere, give it execute permissions, write a .desktop file for it, then sudo move that to the /usr/share/applications folder.

Note: My preferred way to make a .desktop file is like this:

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends gnome-panel
sudo -H gnome-desktop-item-edit --create-new "/usr/share/applications"

Then fill in the fields with the path to your script as the command, this will place a .desktop file in the /usr/share/applications folder (more info)


Tiny fonts in window titles (kubuntu 18.04)

In System Settings/Fonts there are six contexts listed, and Window Title is one of them.


How to configure the locale to be different from the default locale for a user on Ubuntu Server?

Try to add in ~/.profile of your user: export LANG=prefered_local


Since a .bashrc is for non-login shells, I avoid any commands which echo to the screen. I've also run into experiences where echo statements in .bashrc will cause sftp and rsync commands to fail (and maybe scp commands as well).

# Print some information as we log in
# -s: OS Name -n: Node name -r: OS Release
uname -snr
uptime

Also, you generally won't run ssh-agent from a non-interactive shell. So I have this in .bash_profile.

if [ -f ~/.ssh/ssh-agent ]; then . ~/.ssh/ssh-agent; fi


ddclient - wont update Invalid Keyword for 'ip' =

Assuming you have p5-IO-Socket-SSL-1.48, there was a problem with the p5-IO-Socket-SSL-1.48 FreeBSD port.
Upgrading the port to 1.49 seems to have solved the problem.


You can try these steps.
Boot from the Ubuntu installation USB media you already have created.

Select (highlight) Try Ubuntu without installing and press the E key.
Add the nouveau.modeset=0 parameter to the end of the linux line.
Then press the F10 key for booting into the Ubuntu Live desktop.

First uninstall the currently installed NVIDIA drivers.Boot the computer, when the GRUB menu appears ...

When the login screen appears press Ctrl + Alt  + F1 . Enter your user name and the password, then execute :

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo reboot

Now install the latest official stable NVIDIA drivers.Boot the computer, when the GRUB menu appears ...

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and press the E key.Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line. Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl + Alt  + F1. Enter your user name and the password, then execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-361
sudo reboot

Note : Maybe it is explicitly necessary to select the NVIDIA adapter in BIOS.

In case you have installed the nvidia driver from their site then uninstall it as per that instructions.Uninstall that driver by running, as root, sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-361.28.run and follow the on screen instructions.

Note : The solution I have provide has been tested on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and Ubuntu 15.10 for two GPUs


Processing - /usr/lib/cups/filter/hpcups failed

I meet this weird problem, too. After trying all kinds of methods, the problem is finally resolved by using latest hplip. You can download 3.14.4 from http://hplipopensource.com/hplip-web/gethplip.html and then execute the .run file.


revert/change automount settings in 12.10

Rather stupidly, you have to go and create a new file in /etc/udev/rules.d/

I called mine 20-media-by-label-auto-mount.rules instead of 11-media... but up to you, and wrote the configuration file at How to configure to record data to pendrive instantly?

This seemed to solve the problem for me, anyway.


Customizing Ubuntu's splash screen and welcome text

Why not. Look in the directory /usr/share/images/ there would be directory containing images of different resolution. Replace those images with your custom images. Make sure to place your image in all resolution given there, and you are done.  You can even customize logo and welcome message with your quotes or any thing you like. File /etc/motd contains welcome message.


how to fix error when authenticating in U1

If you see the message "Method "CreateItem" with signature "a{sv}(oayay)b" on interface "org.freedesktop.Secret.Collection" doesn't exist" now in Oneiric, this is gnome-keyring bug:
 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-keyring/+bug/874501

This is fixed in gnome-keyring - 3.2.2-0ubuntu0.1 .
You can run the following command in a Terminal to see which version you have installed:

apt-cache policy gnome-keyring

If you are running Ubuntu 11.10 and do not have the latest version of gnome-keyring open the Software Center and check Edit > Software Sources. In the updates tab make sure you have 'Recommended Updates (Oneiric-updates)' checked. Then run your updates from the Update Manager.


Ubuntu Firefox: Scrollbar is not visible while reading pdf

This issue seems to be fixed by Firefox 67.0.4 in Ubuntu 19.04. It was probably an issue on the Yaru theme on Ubuntu 18.10.


I don't quite understand what you mean by 'the keys were on the host, so no need to transfer', but think it might be due to you creating the keys on the VPS, rather than the client machine (your desktop). This is the wrong way up, which is a really common mistake when you're getting used to this system.

The keys are supposed to be created on the client, on a per-user basis, the default location for an Ubuntu client is the /home/username/.ssh/ directory. The private key which shouldn't be shared, is called id_rsa by default, the public key is called id_rsa.pub by default. If you're connecting from a windows client, I think the keys are in C:\Users\username\.ssh\.

You then share your public key with the (host) server, which puts the key in an authorised keys file. The command to do this is:

ssh-copy-id <username>@<host>

Where <username> is the username that you want to log in as on the VPS, and <host> is the IP address of the VPS. There are further things to add to this command if you have chosen a different name or location for your created ssh keys, or if your server uses a non-standard port for ssh.

This file holds keys which are allowed to be used to log on as that user, on that system, from your desktop machine, and any other machines that are authorised. The authorised keys file is normally also per-user, but on the host system. If it is a per-user file, it'll be found at /home/username/.ssh/authorized_keys.


There are two ways to install ubuntu.
option 1: Install through booting iso image
option 2: install ubuntu inside windows.

Since you are new to this, I would suggest you to install ubuntu inside windows which is option #2. It is very easy to install and remove when you dont need it. Please follow the below steps.

Boot the system using windows.
Once windows started completely, then insert DVD/CD/USB which contains ubunutu ISO image.
It request you to run like normal application install.
Choose "Install inside ubunutu"
then follow the instruction according to your preference.

Hope this helps.


What to do against high CPU load caused by compiz and/or gnome-shell?

Actually you can open the console and type top
This will show up a list of all the running processes.  Check under %CPU to identify which process is using the CPU.
Also try to disable some of the animation, maybe to see if there is any difference.


Did I brick my laptop trying to uninstall Ubuntu?

Not sure what version of windows you are using but you could try putting in the disc and try the repair .. it should overwrite the grub and reinstall the windows boot loader.

If you are using Windows 10 you click on the repair link then troubleshoot.. then advanced options finally start up repair and it should have one entry with your windows listed choose that and it should repair your booting issue. It should not restart and go back to the grub line if you do this..

Hopefully this will work for you.


Is it possible to ask arbitrary questions in the preseed during ubuntu install

You can use the d-i preseed/late_command section of the preseed file to run a script which uses the debconf to ask a custom question.

Example script:

#! /bin/sh

# This is a debconf-compatible script
. /usr/share/debconf/confmodule

# Create the template file
cat > /tmp/myquestion.template <<'!EOF!'
Template: my-question/ask
Type: select
Choices: First, Second, Third
Description: Custom question
 Template for querying a basic text.

Template: my-question/title
Type: text
Description: My question text
!EOF!

# Load your template
debconf-loadtemplate my-question /tmp/myquestion.template

# Set title for your custom dialog box
db_settitle my-question/title

# Ask it!
db_input critical my-question/ask
db_go

# Get the answer
db_get my-question/ask

# Save it to a file
echo "$RET" > /tmp/answer.value

After the script runs, you will find the answer in the /tmp/answer.value file.

More info: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallCDCustomization/AccessDebconfFromYourScript


How to type ñ (enye / enie) letter on QWERTY on Kubuntu 19.04

Add English (US, intl, with dead keys) (us+intl) as an input source on KDE settings. On GNOME it looks like this:

Then type ñ with AltGr + n. Same thing for áéíóú (acute accents). Use the y for the ü (umlaut/dieresis).

Here and here you'll find more:

Note: You can switch between your input sources with Super + space

For a terminal way take a look to this answer


It sounds like you simply don't have this alias defined. Aliases take precedence over hashed executables like gs, the presence of gs on your system wouldn't affect the alias at all. So, just add this line to your ~/.zshrc:

alias gs='git status'

Save the file, open a new terminal and you should be all set.

Now, ghostscript is quite useful and you might want to reinstall it. If you do, you can run it as \gs or command gs.


You can use screen for that:

screen watch -n 1 ls -l /etc/

Then inside screen type Ctrl-a d to detach the screen.

The process is still running, even if you logout, see:

# ps faux | grep ls
root     13879  0.0  0.0   7828   844 pts/0    S+   08:20   0:00          \_ grep ls
root     13571  0.0  0.0  23388  1436 ?        Ss   08:18   0:00 SCREEN watch -n 1 ls -l /etc/
root     13572  0.1  0.0  14864  1780 pts/1    Ss+  08:18   0:00  \_ watch -n 1 ls -l /etc/

And there is also the pid. Or via:

#pidof watch
13572

To reattch the screen type:

screen -r

And you are back inside, to Ctrl-c or something else.


Can't mount cds after failed Brasero burn

OK, I tried booting from a Windows cd I know works.
Drive light stays on but nobody's home.

It appears my drive is fubar.

Time for a new laptop.

Wonder if I can get a discount without Windows ;)


Is multiple mysqld processes for 1 mysql server is normal?

By default MySQL starts more processes ("threads") to improve performance. If you are familiar with Apache, it does the same thing.

If you want to limit the number of threads, you'll want to limit the number of connections. You can use the max_user_connections variable to do this or with recent versions (5.5+) you can limit them per user.


How can I as a root user manage folder owned by other users using ubuntu desktop?

Press Alt + F2 and enter gksu nautilus, press enter and enter password. The nautilus(file explorer) will open and you can copy files there as root.  You might have to install program gksu, if it is not already installed on your computer. You can do that by typing the following in terminal:

sudo apt-get install gksu


How to make a shortcut to set title in gnome-terminal tab (ubuntu 13.10)?

The functionality is still there, I have it set to ctrl+e myself and use it daily. Visit Edit/Keyboard Shortcuts..., scroll down to the Terminal tree and set the Set Title keyboard shortcut.

It did take me a short time to find the Edit menu in 13.10. It appears that unless you enable Show Menubar the appmenu is hidden even if you hover over it with your mouse. You can re-enable the menu by right clicking on your terminal and selecting Show Menubar. Then when you hover over the unity panel, the menu will appear.


installing Canon LBP 6230dn network printer on Ubuntu 14.04

Try this:

Download the driver:

LBP 6230 Linux

Open a terminal,Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Run it:

cd /home/user/Downloads
tar zxf Linux_UFRIILT_PrinterDriver_V120_uk_EN.tar.gz
cd /home/user/Downloads/Linux_UFRIILT_PrinterDriver_V120_uk_EN
sudo ./install.sh


Move folder contents to other directory containing same hierarchy

You should use rysnc:

rsync -avz Archive/testing/ RXB2Bi_Archive/Archive_testing123/

Example:

mkdir -p Archive/testing/AB{1..3}

touch Archive/testing/AB{1..3}/sourceFiles

Let's see the result:

$ tree
.
└── Archive
    └── testing
        ├── AB1
        │   └── sourceFiles
        ├── AB2
        │   └── sourceFiles
        └── AB3
            └── sourceFiles

5 directories, 3 files

Now let's create the destination:

mkdir -p RXB2Bi_Archive/Archive_testing123/AB{1..3}

touch RXB2Bi_Archive/Archive_testing123/AB{1..3}/destFiles

let's check result:

$ tree

RXB2Bi_Archive/
└── Archive_testing123
    ├── AB1
    │   └── destFiles
    ├── AB2
    │   └── destFiles
    └── AB3
        └── destFiles

4 directories, 3 files

Now run the command:

$ rsync -avz Archive/testing/ RXB2Bi_Archive/Archive_testing123/
sending incremental file list
./
AB1/
AB1/sourceFiles
AB2/
AB2/sourceFiles
AB3/
AB3/sourceFiles

sent 268 bytes  received 84 bytes  704.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0  speedup is 0.00

check result:

$ tree RXB2Bi_Archive/
RXB2Bi_Archive/
└── Archive_testing123
    ├── AB1
    │   ├── destFiles
    │   └── sourceFiles
    ├── AB2
    │   ├── destFiles
    │   └── sourceFiles
    └── AB3
        ├── destFiles
        └── sourceFiles

4 directories, 6 files

As you see above all files is copied to its needed place in the destination.


cpu frequency scaling isn't working, but did before

I'm going to leave this answer here for anyone that is really having problems, but it should be noted that knowing the exact setting in BIOs would be nice and I will make that as the answer if anyone knows.

I removed my motherboard battery to do a hard reset since obviously the reset to factory settings in the bios wasn't actually doing a reset.

Everything works as it should now.


Rename command not found when running a script

I just had to install the rename package.

sudo apt install rename


How to find which graphic card is there on my laptop?

lspci | grep VGA

The above command does the job.


From where comes /run/resolvconf/interface/eth0.dhclient file

/etc/dhcp/dhclient-enter-hooks.d/resolvconf

usually writes /run/resolvconf/interface/eth0.dhclient when the DHCP client handles IP address updates.

This may also be handy:

14.04 default (minified) /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf

option rfc3442-classless-static-routes code 121 = array of unsigned integer 8;
send host-name = gethostname();
request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers,
    domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search, host-name,
    dhcp6.name-servers, dhcp6.domain-search,
    netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu,
    rfc3442-classless-static-routes, ntp-servers,
    dhcp6.fqdn, dhcp6.sntp-servers;

Plus, man dhclient.conf man dhcp-options man dhcp-eval

I would advise against hacking resolvconf or dhclient.conf, and set everything needed as a dhclient.conf include script using a directive like so

script "/etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf.d/this-is-a-foo-corp-or-my-network-managed-system";

Ubuntu doesn't handle every single, enterprisey edge-case (but does get most common ones), so a minor change could be needed in rare situations.


Kate shows no icon on task manager but it shows it on pager

After upgrade to KDE neon User Edition 5.9 everything is working now!


Laptop mousepad buttons (right and left) stop working after installing Ubuntu (18.04)?

From BIOS, open the following:
System Properties > Keyboard/Mouse Features > Device Options
From there, find the Internal Pointing Device or Touchpad and check if it is enabled.


How to move boot loader from HDD to SDD?

To move Windows 10 boot manager to SSD from the old HDD, you can try the software-AOMEI Partition Assistant, which can move Windows-related partitions including the boot manager to another drive and ensure you can boot from it without any problems.


Ubuntu 14.04 I have resized partition and root still has very little to no disk space

This link answers my question: http://www.joomlaworks.net/blog/item/168-resizing-the-disk-space-on-ubuntu-server-vms

Its a good write up and works.


A tab in Chrome is managed by its own process thread. Occasionally, after Chrome is shut down, a Chrome thread will refuse to terminate. If such a thread happens to play sound, the sound may go on forever. If you want to kill a specific Chrome thread, it is in principle possible to find out its process ID and do kill -9 <pid>. Chrome even offers its own "Task manager" under the three-dot menu -> More tools..., or press Shift+Esc.

However, once you have shut down the main Chrome program, it would take a lot of detective work which process keeps using the sound system. To get an idea of what you would need to do, read this article.

Fortunately, one thing you know about the noisy thread: it is called chrome. To kill all threads called chrome simply do killall chrome and the sound will stop.

Note that after a regular shutdown of Chrome, some threads will keep hanging around. Possibly these are busy saving browsing history; some extensions also have their own stay-resident threads. And all of these are called chrome.

One more tip: if one of the tabs is using so many resources that the whole PC becomes unresponsive, and you don't want to sit around waiting, you can press Alt+SysRq+F. This will instantly kill the single process with the highest CPU load. Chances are that one of your tabs will be cleared and replaced by this icon:

with some text informing you that loading your page has failed, and your computer will once again respond. Just make sure you have no heavy processing going on in the background (or the system will see that as the heaviest load) or unsaved data in the web page you are about to kill.


Ubuntu 18.04 not working after dual boot windows install

Fixed it! TLDR: my suspicions were right.

I remembered how i first set up the automount (How do I add an additional hard drive?) and remembered editing the fstab file.

To fix this, in emergency mode, type blkid to find out the new UUID of your harddisk. Then type sudo vim /etc/fstab and change the old UUID to the new one and it should work magic again.


looking at your Gparted screenshot - there's no need to move things around as you should be able to extend Ubuntu 300 GB partition without issues.
Things such as "move a partition 5GB to the right" are not supported in GParted and are generally not supported.
To achieve such effect:

backup everything on a separate HDD / Storage via image copy of /dev/sda - you need to boot CD / USB live distro to achieve this
delete the partition you'd like to move way you describe
create a new empty partition starting at your desired location
use dd to transfer the backup data to a newly created partition
check everything and maybe update grub(?)


Secure and portable to encrypt a USB drive

VeraCrypt is a good alternative. It's a fork of TrueCrypt which is still maintained. It's not in the ubuntu repos, but you can download and install it at their website.

There are other ways to do this as well, including LUKS and encrypted file systems, but VeraCrypt is simple and effective.


how to install intel graphics driver for Ubuntu 13.10

If you want your nVidia card to work, the simplest way to do this is to install Bumblebee.

Just search in the Software Center for Bumblebee and install "NVIDIA Optimus support for Linux". Or if you want you can install it manually by this guide:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Bumblebee

There's also a guide on how to use it.
Hope it's that what you want.
Good luck.


Why won't my linux computers recognize a restarted router without a reboot themselves?

It will.

If it doesn't, it seems you have encountered a bug or an error in the driver.

If this bug is in a proprietary wireless driver (see System → Administration → Additional Drivers), I'm afraid there's not a lot you can do about it apart from writing an email to the manufacturer.
If this bug is in an open source driver, you should report the bug so that it can be fixed. Usually, those bugs will be taken up-stream to the relevant developers, since Ubuntu doesn't provide the drivers themselves.

In the usual case, the network-manager will connect automatically to any wireless network within reach. It will roam you through different networks if you're moving around the house, it will detect which networks you've joined successfully and automatically connect you.

Network Manager will always keep you connected to some network, if at all possible.

If, in your case, the Network Manager doesn't automatically connect to your network after the connection has been lost, please ask a question about it here. Make sure to provide us with all the details about your connection, your wireless hardware and the drivers you use. Also, provide all the steps to replicate the problem.

Note: I talk about wireless networks, but this applies equally to Wired networks, 3G connections, Modem connections, even VPNs. To the Network Manager, they're all more or less the same.


Windows XP won't load after installing ubuntu 12.04

You had to use Ubuntu install procedure to install Ubuntu alongside the windows. Now, most probably your Ubuntu overwrited the boot and your Winodws are out of booting procedure. I would recommend you to fix the boot record from the Windows CD and install Ubuntu alongside Windows.

There are ways how to edit grub settings (do you have grub?/dualboot?), but if you are
a newbie, could be a hard job for you.

...And you can try this: (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair)


Recommendation of web server admin control panel (free, open source, deb package)?

ServerPilot, my company, can fulfill most of these needs for you.

Here's a high-level overview of what we have right now:

a central web interface for all of your servers,
a secure web interface,
uses a small Python agent to avoid hogging resources,
avoids clobbering popular default packages (nginx, php),
creation and management of PHP 5.4 and 5.5 apps,
creation and management of MySQL databases,
creation and management of system users
standard hosting control panel functionality is free (we charge for advanced functionality such as monitoring)

We exclusively support Ubuntu servers.

The way this works is that you (1) have a pre-existing Ubuntu server, (2) sign up for ServerPilot, (3) get an api key for your server, and (4) install our agent.

Once installed, our agent keeps a low profile and waits for management work to do. (You create work by creating/updating/deleting sysusers, apps, databases in our web interface.)

After having to deal with many control panels ourselves, here are a few reasons I'm very-enthusiastic of our agent-based system.

No resources on your server are used except for management tasks and basic communication (e.g. "let's see if there's any work for me to do.").
Our agent connects to us so we can help you manage Ubuntu servers whether they're on EC2, your home network, in a VM or colocated. (If you're a developer, this can help you achieve dev/prod parity.)
Our agent doesn't expose any public services/ports for ServerPilot.

To be clear, we do not have the following:

management for email,
an open source product (though the Python agent is unobfuscated), or
an installer that's available in the official repos (all other packages we install are signed and managed by apt).

We're new, but we're just getting started :)


Packages have unmet dependencies (1ubuntu1 vs 1ubuntu1k1)?

The version of libpng12-0 currently installed on your system is 1.2.54-1ubuntu1k1. I have no idea where this version is coming from, and indeed it is not provided by any repository currently enabled on your system. Probably, either you have installed this version manually (by downloading it as a DEB package), or it was provided by a repository that used to be enabled and is now disabled.

In any case, the current version in the official Ubuntu 16.04 repositories is 1.2.54-1ubuntu1, and other packages expect to see that version. Thus you should install version 1.2.54-1ubuntu1, which you can do with

sudo apt install libpng12-0=1.2.54-1ubuntu1


Upgraded from Xubuntu 18.04 to 20.04 and no video output on startup

Press Ctrl+Alt+F2. It will then ask you for your username. Type in your username. It will then ask you for your password. Type in your password. You are using a virtual terminal when you press Ctrl+Alt+F2.
Same thing happens with Ctrl+Alt+F2-6. Ctrl+Alt+F7 brings you back to the GUI.
Try running  sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm in the virtual terminal. Then select the option that you aren't using. After that, do sudo shutdown now -r. That will restart your PC. It should work now. If it still doesn't work, follow the steps in the 1st paragraph, then go to the 4th paragraph.
After you reboot and are in the virtual terminal again, type sudo lightdm or sudo  followed by the other option from the sudo dpkg-reconfigure command, then follow the step in the 2nd paragraph. The login screen should be there now. You might have to do this without seeing the screen.


Unable to connect using wifi on Ubuntu server 18.04 LTS using netplan, wired works fine

It was truly a newbie error, the wifi password was incorrect.

I figured this out by running: journalctl which clearly showed the 4-way handshake failed:

journalctl | grep wpa_supplicant

wpa_supplicant[858]: wlp26s0: Trying to associate with 64:13:6c:0c:db:e8 (SSID='DBEB Hyperoptic 1Gbps Broadband' freq=2437 MHz)
wpa_supplicant[858]: wlp26s0: Associated with 64:13:6c:0c:db:e8
wpa_supplicant[858]: wlp26s0: CTRL-EVENT-SUBNET-STATUS-UPDATE status=0
wpa_supplicant[858]: wlp26s0: CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED bssid=64:13:6c:0c:db:e8 reason=14
wpa_supplicant[858]: wlp26s0: WPA: 4-Way Handshake failed - pre-shared key may be incorrect
wpa_supplicant[858]: wlp26s0: CTRL-EVENT-SSID-TEMP-DISABLED id=0 ssid="DBEB Hyperoptic 1Gbps Broadband" auth_failures=14 duration=210 reason=WRONG_KEY
wpa_supplicant[858]: wlp26s0: CTRL-EVENT-SSID-TEMP-DISABLED id=0 ssid="DBEB Hyperoptic 1Gbps Broadband" auth_failures=15 duration=229 reason=CONN_FAILED


Start a script with systemd when user logs in

Your unit file probably needs a dependency on nordvpnd, the daemon that seems to actually connect to the NordVPN network and configure the VPN interface.
A line such as Requires=nordvpn.service in the [Unit] section of your unit file should do it.
What happens if you define /etc/systemd/system/loginNordVPN.service as:
[Unit]
Description=NordVPN Auto Login
After=network.service
After=network-online.target
Requires=nordvpn.service

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/autologinNordVPN

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

And systemctl enable nordvpnd?


(NEVERMIND) Recent Ubuntu update causes graphical performance issues

It turns out there is now a 120Hz display option available. Why this should make 60Hz such an issue, I'm not sure, and I also have no way of telling if it is actually outputting 120Hz since I use my laptop's built-in screen. Anyway, changing it from 60Hz to 120Hz in System -> Preferences -> Hardware -> Displays seemed to fix this. Not sure why, but I'm happy that it's solved. Using xrandr is not an option as out of the options it gives of 60.00, 59.97, 59.96, 59.93 and 40.00, only 60 and 40 are deemed to be valid, and both of those are jittery.


How to set a server that sends request to my API?

Not sure, but I guess you are searching for a "reverse proxy" - have a look at the apache2 mod proxy:

ProxyPass "/foo" "http://foo.example.com/bar"
ProxyPassReverse "/foo" "http://foo.example.com/bar"

(https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_proxy.html)


Set xmodmap control modifier combination

I think you should use xdotool instead of modmap wich can change single keys, not combination keys.
Example: set a shortcut for xdotool key KP-7


Problems with TV-tuner (Afatech AF9015) on Xubuntu 17.10

Download the firmware for Afatech AF9015 from here and copy it to /lib/firmware.

Assuming the downloaded file is in the default Downloads folder, open a Terminal and:

cd Downloads
sudo cp dvb-usb-af9015.fw /lib/firmware

The Afatech AF9015 DVB-T2 tuner show work as expected with all the programs.


How do you modify group membership in Ubuntu Core

Ubuntu core manages group membership in /var/lib/extrausers

I edited the groups file and added my username to the group like this:

test:x:998:alexk1

I'm assuming the flag '--extrausers' in the "sudo groupadd --system --extrausers test" command allowed me to do this.


Kubernetes installation failing - Ubuntu 16.04

There will be a redirection issue sometimes.

Use the source below will solve this.

deb http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main


Powertop is a good start. Your macbook air probably has a Sandy Bridge processor, and thus intel's turbo boost functionality, and Ubuntu would have that option turned on. Turning this off will save a massive amount of power and heat. Follow the guide here to turn it off.


How to install the JSON extension for Ubuntu 16.04?

JSON support comes pre-compiled with current php versions you can check for installed php extensions with:

php -m

And to check which is installed for the current php versions use:

sudo dpkg --list | grep php | grep -i <extension_name>


Not able to start the system after executing halt command

As you correctly stated, you did a shutdown on your machine. This means no connection over network (maybe you have possibillity for WakeOnLAN), so you have to power your machine on again and after the boot you should be able to reach it.


How do I hold back a Firefox update in kPackageKit?

The Ubuntu community documentation has: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PinningHowto

  This wiki page will discuss some advanced things you can do to
  packages to accomplish specific goals. The first thing described is
  Pinning, this is useful if you want only some things from a newer
  version of Ubuntu. There is also package holding, which allows you to
  not update the package.

More links:

http://www.kubuntuforums.net/showthread.php?54069-FAQ-Pinning-Holding-Locking-packages
Keep the Ubuntu package version I'm using now
How to prevent updating of a specific package?


What is wrong with my Apache configuration?

You need to make sure your site is enabled. You also need to make sure the asd.com is pointing to your site.

Enable your site and restart Apache with the following commands (Replace another with whatever the file is called):

sudo a2ensite another.conf
sudo apache2ctl restart

If this site is on your local machine, you can edit the /etc/hosts file and add the following line to it (Replace the IP if it the site is on a different machine):

127.0.1.1       asd.com

If this was a live site with real DNS entries, you may need to wait a while until the DNS entries have been propagated and updated in case you had updated it from an older value.

Note: As @Mark suggested in his comment, you can disable the default Virtual Host with a2dissite.

sudo a2dissite 000-default


How to fix UEFI dual boot (Windows 10, Ubuntu 20.04) on Toshiba dynabook?

As result of personal experience, some systems have buggy firmware when talking about boot stuff (many people complain about missing boot entries for example...)
The only thing I would do is to start from a completely empty disk; in this way we can exclude any Windows interference:

if it solves the issue, you discovered the source of the problem and you have a solid starting point.
if neither this helps you, nothing can be done.


MariaDB and phpMyAdmin - Unable to authenticate with ed25519

Without any details about how you arrived at that problem, I can't really be sure if my problem is the same as yours.

But if this is still relevant to you, and you have root access to the server hosting your phpMyAdmin, try:

apt install libmariadbclient18

It looks like the default mariadb-client doesn't come with the plugin needed to authenticate as ed25519. libmariadbclient18 provided a version which worked in my case.

Edit: I've just noticed you gave this answer to someone else already but suggested it didn't help you. I'll leave this here in case it helps someone else.


You're asking for an alias, or a Shell Script. Perform the following in your bashrc file to add as an alias (assuming, you're using bash):

Open your .bashrc file with your editor:

nano ~/.bashrc

Add the following line:

alias games="echo 'list' 'of' 'games'"

You can also alias this to run a script, if you find this easier to manage:

aliass games="sh /path/to/script"

You would then simply have the script echo the words in question.


How to adjust zoom scale in LibreOffice?

You may have to adjust the dpi settings on OS level. There are different approaches how to do this, they are explained in some answers to "How to find and change the screen DPI?".


When the Service Provider link broke, your computer was probably updating GRUB.  If the GRUB updating process is interrupted, then GRUB will be broken because of the unsuccessful update.

What happened was that your GRUB is broken, so it redirected you to the GRUB command line, waiting for you to type stuff into it.

After that you installed Ubuntu 10.04.  Ubuntu will automatically install GRUB onto your computer, so your GRUB is recovered.  When the installation had finished, GRUB then automatically detects any Operating Systems on your computer.  It eventually found your old copy of Ubuntu 12.04 on your computer and allows you to boot into it.

GRUB is awesome.


nginx testing with ab not working with high number of concurrent connections

Found a solutions. I was looking at all wrong. nginx was not giving any errors. It was the Ubuntu client where I was running ab that was giving an error. The server was fine.

Solution (to be executed on the client i.e. the machine where you are running ab:

sudo su

this is to be root

ulimit -n 20000

this is to allow more than 10000 connections. I chose 20000 randomly.

Note that theses are not permanent settings and will be reset once you reboot.

Check out the below post for some more tweaks on the client side - https://serverfault.com/questions/10852/what-limits-the-maximum-number-of-connections-on-a-linux-server


How to make gamma settings on Ubuntu 14.04 permanent?

Install redshift,  sudo apt-get install redshift
In terminal, gnome-session-properties
Add redshift -t 6500k:6500k -g .7:.7:.7 (the first 6500k is temp color for day, the second for night, - 6500k is default temp color- you can change the values) (.7 is my gamma setting)
Install dconf-editor sudo apt-get install dconf-editor
Open dconf-editor, org->gnome ->gnome-session and check "auto-save-session"
Reboot


With gconf-editor (try even sudo, if needed) navigate to /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename entry and select "Clear the key" option. Then, try again changing your wallpaper.

If this won't work, please provide your /etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory/%gconf-tree.xml content.

Edit:

Reading just now you're trying setting the wp via ssh, set the mandatory key with:

# gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename "/path/to/your/image.jpg"

Source: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/819-0918/gconf-0/index.html

To Set Background Preferences

To set preferences for the desktop background, you modify the values of the preference keys in the /desktop/gnome/background location. For example, to set a mandatory image for the background, execute the following command:

# gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename filename.png

To set a default value for this preference, execute the following command:

# gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename filename.png

You can also set other background preferences. For information about the other background preferences, see the desktop_gnome_background.schemas schema definition file.


I want to copy my present working directory location into abc.text file by replacing some sentence

Using sed for in-place replacement.

$ sed -i "s|replace me|$PWD|g" text.txt

(remember that characters in the $variable will interfere with the sed expression).

sed option:

-i[suffix]Edit files in place (makes backup if SUFFIX supplied).

bash variables:

$PWDThe current working directory as set by the cd command.

Further reading:

Is it possible to escape regex metacharacters reliably with sed


How can I recover data deleted during installation of Ubuntu?

First STOP USING THE DISK.

Then boot from a live USB. Install testdisk with sudo apt-get install testdisk.

Then run it and choose "Recover partition" (not files).

If the files were not overwritten, you might recover them.


How do I install the experimental Nvidia open-source drivers?

Try this in a Terminal window:

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-nouveau libdrm-nouveau1a nouveau-firmware

It should install the driver.


How to fix low quality gray-scale printing on HP Color LaserJet CP4525?

Select the hpijs driver HP Color LaserJet cp4520 Series hpijs pcl3, 3.18.7 instead of the hpcups driver which is shown as recommended.


Press CTRL+ALT+F1
Log in with you user name and password
Run the following command: sudo chown -R $USER:$USER $HOME
Press CTRL+ALT+F7
Try to log in
OR go back to "purely text window" and try deleting

rm ~/.Xauthority


How to set primary monitor and relation between monitors on ubuntu using terminal?

I figured it out. The command line tool is xrandr. The first step is to print all screens in the system by executing command:

xrandr

Next, when we know what the names are, we can adjust settings, in my case it was something like that:

xrandr --output DVI-I-1 --primary --right-of VGA-1

It set DVI-I-1 as primary monitor and 'moved' it on the right side of VGA-1 monitor.


You can disable HUD for Firefox by disabling the Global Menu Bar Integration add-on.
Go to Tools > Add-ons > Global Menu Bar Integration and disable it.However I think you were affected by this bug whose fix has been released in new Firefox versions.Please update your browser.


You don't need to build the source, it is in the repos, open a terminal and run

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

MySQL will start automatically

Building from source

You can build mysql manually from source by following the steps from the MySQL website:

# Preconfiguration setup
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
# Beginning of source-build specific instructions
tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gz
cd mysql-VERSION
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
# End of source-build specific instructions
# Postinstallation setup
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql .
chgrp -R mysql .
bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql var
# Next command is optional
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/installing-source-distribution.html


To solve your issue, you could try to install the X11VNC package and configure xrdp to use this one.

You can find detailed instruction on this post (see see http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=5439)

The guys is basically performing the following operations

Download the latest xrdp package from sourceforge
install some dependencies software so you can compile the xrdp packages
Compile the package
Install an alternate desktop (could be xfce or Desktop-MATE or LXDE)
5 Install X11VNC package
PErform some minor configuration changes so xrdp knows that it needs to use X11VNC
Configure the desktop to be used by the user while performing xrdp session
Reboot your machine
you should try and you should be good.

This setup will ensure that the user will always reconnect to its one session.

Remark:  In the mentioned post, the guy is compiling xrdp software.  We are assuming that you could probably use the ubuntu package, install the X11VNC package, perform the minor configuration changes and it should work as well

Let's us know if this worked for you....Share your findings......

See you


Ok assuming the bit in grey is your my_script.sh there are a few issues. First, the alias needs to be set in your .bashrc not in the file. More detail is here.

Now onto the script the -r test checks if the file is readable not if it is editable. You probably have read but not write permissions. So you should try

#! /bin/bash

if test -w $1
then
   /usr/bin/vi $1
else
   sudo /usr/bin/vi $1
fi

This should work. One tip I would add is that if you are having a problem with a bash script: Cover it in echo statements! One at the start to check it opens, one in each side of the the if statement to see where it goes.


wifi issue on ubuntu 20.04. i cant load web pages when connected to wifi wirelessly

Try updating the drivers of your network card. If you cannot, uninstall it and reinstall the latest. There might be an updated fix to the latest version of the driver which did not get updated when you upgraded to 20.04. I upgraded yesterday to 20.04, and I was fighting with the same problem the whole day. Uninstall and reinstall worked for me. If you do it too, when installing it again, make sure to set it in non-concurrent mode (the source page should tell you how to do so), otherwise the wifi card will show twice and you will keep having the same problem.


Ubuntu all of a sudden fails to boot on ThinkPad T430

The problem with the USB was obviously a broken ISO. My bad, I should have checked better. So the live system is working now.

With the live system, I got new information and the issue seems to be more about my /boot-partition than my UEFI. As I didn't want to essentially edit the whole question, I opened a new one.

I want to thank @MartyFried a lot for his help.


My other suggestion is to try glabels see here for some ideas: http://blog.worldlabel.com/2010/advanced-usage-with-glabels-labelscards-linuxgnu.html, glabels is a program designed mainly for labels, business cards and so on but custom layouts can be made with it so I think you could make a template for envelopes, its description says it supports mail merge from sources such as CSV files, vCards and Evolution data servers.


How do I add applications to the Messaging Menu?

Applications that are in the messaging menu each have a file in the system directory of:

/usr/share/indicators/messages/applications/

That directory contains files that have the paths to the desktop files for those applications.  You can also have one of these in your home directory with this path:

~/.config/indicators/messages/applications/

So let's say that I want to add Thunderbird to my messaging menu.  I'd do something like this:

$ mkdir -p ~/.config/indicators/messages/applications/
$ echo /usr/share/applications/thunderbird.desktop > ~/.config/indicators/messages/applications/thunderbird

You'll need to restart your session (log out and back in) the first time you create the applications directory.

Here's an example of usage from a python application.


Ubuntu Touch - Screen locking fade issue

Today, I installed the new update and the fade issue when the timeout is set to 1 minute has been resolved. Now when set to one minute, the screen fades out and then locks. Giving you time to deactivate the fade/lock if you want to.

Great work guys, thanks for including this in the latest release.


Is it possible to show ip address on top bar near the time?

Screenshot

Discover your current DCHP IP address

This answer should work for most Ubuntu distributions. The first step is discovering your current IP address. According to this Linux & Unix answer it isn't stored on disk in the same location across distributions. For a portable solution you need to use:

default_interface=$(route -n | awk '$1 == "0.0.0.0" {print $8; exit}')
ip_address=$(ifconfig "$default_interface" | awk 'sub(/.* inet addr:/, "") {print $1}')
echo $ip_address
192.168.1.66

Install Sysmonitor Indicator

You now need an Application Indicator that to let's you pick and choose the information to display in the Systray / Application Notification Area. I use Sysmonitor Indicator. To summarize the installation instructions in the link:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fossfreedom/indicator-sysmonitor
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-sysmonitor

You need to configure the name of the bash script that is called and the update interval in the Advanced tab of the Preferences panel:

Highlight the Custom option and click the Edit button:

Here's a complaint I have to the developer the input field for the command is abnormally small. You can't see the whole command you are typing all at once and need arrow keys to scroll through it. Anyway assign the bash script filename. I used:

~/bin/indicator-sysmonitor-display

I already have a main bash script so I created an abbreviated version for this answer.

Create the script

Using the code from the first section create the file ~/bin/indicator-sysmonitor-display containing:

#!/bin/bash

default_interface=$(route -n | awk '$1 == "0.0.0.0" {print $8; exit}')
systray=$(ifconfig "$default_interface" | awk 'sub(/.* inet addr:/, "") {print $1}')

echo "$systray" # sysmon-indidicator will put echo string into systray for us.

exit 0


Installed AMD GPU drivers, then uninstalled, now can't get to desktop

First you have to make sure that you have the builtin open-source amdgpu driver.Then try inserting the module into the kernel :

sudo modprobe amdgpu

And also check that you have the adapter for Xorg :

sudo apt install xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu

And then start the X-server via

Xorg

or

startx

And if your x-server has gotten deleted  accidentally or by removing the amdgpu driver which was installed by the installer ,  try re-installing the server :

sudo apt install xorg

Reboot to see if it gets solved.

Best regards :)


Update from 20.04 to 20.10 - iptables not replaced with nftables

The "iptables" package in Ubuntu 20.10 is actually "iptables-nft", which means it controls nf_tables kernel module.
If you want, you can use nftables without problem. Just install it.
I think the reason why it still uses iptables-nft as default management frontend, is that many other ubuntu packages are still heavily depending on iptables.


Can't boot into ubuntu. Have Windows installed on one HD an ubuntu on the other

You're going to have to mess around with the bootloaders.  I would look into installing Grub on the main HD.  Perhaps making the ubuntu hardrive the primary drive.  And then manually editing the grub config (via the command, not gediting the file) so grub is aware of the windows partitions on the other HD


Adobe Flash alternative for Ubuntu 11.10 64 bit

IMHO, Flash is on its way out, although it would be an exaggeration to say it's on its deathbed.  Flash is incredibly inefficient.  A good way to lose an hour of battery life on your laptop is just leave open a few websites that make use of Flash (even seemingly innocuous uses).  The iPhone/iPad incompatibility issues (and the subsequent Thoughts on Flash commentary by Steve Jobs) have done a lot to bring this topic to the attention of the general public.  Some of it is FUD, but there are good points there, and in any case, the average iPhone user is more than willing to believe The Steve.

Google is already moving away from using Flash on Youtube; HTML5 works on most videos (those without ads) on most platforms and browsers.  Facebook is heavily encouraging its app developers to use HTML5, and according to my cursory Google search of "facebook flash"...it's been a while since someone wrote a tutorial website on developing flash apps for Facebook.

Simply put, Flash is not seen as desirable by a lot of people.  It is hanging on simply by momentum but a lot of that is getting sapped by the moves of these big game-changing companies.

If Flash is still needed in the future for whatever, you can use Chrome.  Opening up an alternate browser once in a while doesn't seem like a big deal for me; I remember having to use Internet Explorer as an alternative to Firefox for things like banking for a couple years until finally everyone caught on and now Firefox is the standard.  At least you can get Chrome for Linux (unlike Internet Explorer).


Laptop Screen does not turn on after sleep

I too have this problem on my laptop. I dont know the solution but I found a workaround for this. Laptops have a hardware key or a key combination (generally Fn key + some function key) to switch between displays. When my laptop wakes and I get the blank screen, I press that key combination and I get my display back. I think what happens is that the OS tries to connect to external display but when it cant find one it reverts back to laptops LCD which does the magic and turns it on. You can try this and tell us if it worked.


How can I get my Microsoft Wireless Mobile Mouse to work?

Bought a new mouse... it was 10 dollars :)! Thanks for the help everyone. I decided 10 dollars isn't worth the crazy amounts of trouble I was going through...


I don't want my ls command in my script to print results on screen

Your script will print each of the commands in your pipeline to the terminal because you are running it with the -x flag. Fromman bash:

   -x        Print commands and their arguments as they are executed.

However, your approach using ls and wc is not the best way to count files.

To find file that is >= 20000 you can use find:

find -type f -maxdepth 1 -name 'umbrella31_*log' -size +19999c -ls

(because of how find interpreters + sign (greater than rounded up) you get n+1, therefore the odd -size n)
count output:
(when we count files we just print a newline because we dont really need an output)

wc -l < <(find -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'umbrella31_*log' -size +19999c -printf \\n)

-maxdepth n  Descend  at  most levels (a non-negative integer) levels of directories below the starting-points.
-size n  File uses n units of space, rounding up.
-ls  List current file in ls -dils format on standard output.


Unable to start mongod on Ubuntu 16.04 - "Unable to connect to Upstart"

Start MongoDB with systemctl in Ubuntu 16.04.

sudo systemctl start mongod

Check the status.

mongo

It should appear in the mongo shell.


How can I change the language of the calendar without changing other locales

LC_TIME is the entry regarding how the time is viewed in your system. So if you want to change permanently your time locale from english, to let's say, italian, all you have to do is the following:

sudo update-locale LC_TIME=it_IT.UTF-8

if an error show up like *** update-locale: Error: invalid locale settings, this means that you don't have that specific locale into your system and you have to generate it with the following command (this one is for french language):

sudo locale-gen fr_FR.UTF-8

after that, repeat the first command

All you have to do now is to log-out and log-in again

If you're unclear of which locale to use, by doing cat /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED will list you all available supported locales onto your system

Cheers!


How to get the pid of a process in Python

I guess this should be a regular expression?

grep '(" + mac_host + ")'

Try with egrep or grep -e.

Looks like you want to use regular expressions but are looking for exactly the term you enter above. Or if it is called mac_host alle the time, then get rid of everything else

grep "mac_host"

Also put a

set +x

in your script to debug your script.

Cheers,
s1mmel


Themes not working properly in Ubuntu GNOME 16.04

To select your theme you to change all applicable appearance options in the Tweak tool. Select your theme Properties:

GTK+: Theme Name
Icons: Icon Pack
Cursor: Cursor Theme
Shell Theme: Theme Name

Selecting the theme alone will not effect the other changes for you. This gives you the flexibility to mix up theme, icons and cursors to your liking.


Gtk-WARNING **: 22:21:47.873: cannot open display:1 / xhost : unable to open display:1

It's usually DISPLAY=:0 instead of DISPLAY=:1 so run the following command to see if this is the problem.
DISPLAY=:0 gedit

If that works, you can make this somewhat permanent by running the following command:
export DISPLAY=:0

After exporting the correct DISPLAY variable, you can launch graphical applications from the terminal normally:
gedit


Slow on browsing web, but normal when using apt-get

Search for program "network connections" in unity (or run nm-connection-editor in terminal). Select your connection and click edit.

Set MTU instead of automatic to be something less than 1500 (e.g. try: 1460, 1470, 1480, 1490).
Note: You can reset it back to automatic if you set it as 0.
Set IPv6 Method to "Ignored".

Click Save.

Then restart your router and restart your computer for settings to take effect. (Or disconnect/reconnect to your connection from the indicator tray icon)

If none of the MTU values help, see the 2 comments I wrote above.


How to create a custom bootable USB from my Ubuntu Server

You can create a portable minimal installed system with a text interface in the same way as I did according to the following link.

You can also take a short-cut and start from an uploaded compressed image file (that you find in the following link), install it with mkusb and add your own program packages and tweaks. Finally you can create your own image and distribute it.

Installation/UEFI-and-BIOS


Virus scanning for SSL/HTTPS connections. How?

https sessions are encrypted so scanning it for viruses is a futile exercise. Since any virus would be masked by the encryption.

On the HAVP website there is only 1 topic regarding this. Basically you need to turn the request into a http request and scan that instead of the https request:

You will need to create a CA-root, then sign a wildcard certificate with the CA-root, then tell apache to use these files.
You need to import the root in your browser.
You can set up a virtualhost on port 8443, transparently forward all outgoing SSL traffic to this port, then tag all SSL-traffic with a extra header, then let it through HAVP, and then read off this header at the other end to decide if the connection should be SSL or not, and then rewrite the urls so they go through HAVP proxy.
Then you need a virtualhost on 8448, accepting standard HTTP, that tags traffic for HTTP and send it to HAVP.

That topic also has one and two example apache configurations.


I had the same issue with Boxee, but managed to solve it by following the steps described on their forum.

In short

Install wmctrl by opening a terminal and issuing

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

Set your game to start in windowed mode.
Use wmctrl to get the list of window names and pick yours

wmctrl -xl

Use wmctrl to switch it to fullscreen, use the "something.something" you got out of the list in step 3. Here I'll use Boxee as an example:

wmctrl -x -r Boxee.Boxee -b toggle,fullscreen


How can I use a Citizen CY dye sublimation printer with Ubuntu?

Install Gutenprint. It supports your printer. Install these files from the Ubuntu repos...

In terminal...

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libgutenprint2 printer-driver-gutenprint
reboot

then try and add your printer via System Settings.

If that didn't work for you, you'll have to download the source code and compile it yourself.

Performing a Google search for Gutenprint will provide more information, and download locations for the source code.


Where are the launcher shortcuts stored in Ubuntu Netbook?

Go to System=>Preferences=>Main Menu and select the category (internet) and then your app (Google Chrome), click on the properties button and add extra options to the command


Ubuntu 12.04 Ext4 ext4_dx_add_entry:2006: Directory index full!

Each message is the failure to add a file to a directory.

There is no official limit on the number of file entries in an ext4
directory, but there are 2 articles describing the original design (started in
ext2 in 2001) which state the following, and which are just as relevant for
ext4:

Features found in Linux 2.6:

  two levels of index nodes are sufficient to support over 16 million
  52-character filenames.

A Directory Index for Ext2

  A second index level is required only for very large directories,which
  can accommodate somewhat more than 30 million entries.

If you are creating and removing files a lot in a directory, apparently
there may be space lost due to fragmentation in the filename strings which
you can recover by doing (on an unmounted filesystem):

fsck -D /dev/...

See man fsck.ext4:

  -D     Optimize  directories  in filesystem.  This option causes e2fsck
         to try to optimize all directories, either by reindexing them if
         the  filesystem  supports directory indexing,  or by sorting and
         compressing directories for smaller directories, or for filesys-
         tems using traditional linear directories.


You can't hibernate Windows and then run Ubuntu -- it's very dangerous -- and I think this is the result, the files were deleted or corrupted...

http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/saw27/notes/detect-hibernated-windows-from-linux.html


Nginx failing to reload - how to track down why?

Check syslog (/var/log/syslog) for messages about config file issues.

From the commandline you can run:

nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf -t

to have nginx check your configuration for errors.


How to mount a NTFS partition in /etc/fstab?

Permissions for ntfs and vfat file systems must be set with the dmask, fmask and umask options. dmask controls permissions for directories, fmask controls permissions for files, and umask controls both. Since these options set masks, they should be the complement of the permissions you want. For example, rwx for the owner and rx for others is 022 rather than 755.

To set the owner, use the uid and gid options for user and group, respectively. You can find your UID with the command id -u. To find your GID, use id -g. These values are both usually 1000.

A common set of mount options for ntfs is uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=027,fmask=137. This sets you as the owner of the drive, and sets the permissions to drwxr-x---.

Here are two lines from my /etc/fstab working

UUID=EEA2B69CA2B668AB        /WIN_C     ntfs-3g   defaults,nls=utf8,umask=000,dmask=027,fmask=137,uid=1000,gid=1000,windows_names 0 0
UUID=65AEC0E830EA0497        /WIN_D     ntfs-3g   rw 0 0

If you get no visible error after rebooting and partitions stay readonly or you get an error similar to:

Error mounting /dev/sda6 at /media/WindowsDrive:
Command-line `mount -t "ntfs" -o "uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=0077,fmask=0177" "/dev/sda6" "/media/rolindroy/Media Center"' exited with non-zero exit status 14: The disk contains an unclean file system (0, 0).
Metadata kept in Windows cache, refused to mount.
Failed to mount '/dev/sda6': Operation not permitted The NTFS partition is in an unsafe state.
Please resume and shutdown Windows fully (no hibernation or fast restarting), or mount the volume read-only with the 'ro' mount option

This is because Windows 8 and 10 offer a "Fast Startup" option that depends on a "non-complete" shutdown.  You can disable fast startup by following these steps under "Power Options".


Lost my WiFi connection when going from U13 to U14

sure earlier distro linux was using a non open source driver. once you have upgraded from 13 to 14, you have lost it. i hardly recommend you to take a look at any fork of ubuntu or debian distro, like Elementary http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=elementary or even better, Bodhi Linux http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=bodhi , both of them are heavy based on ubuntu.


How do i install wine in Ubuntu 14.04 lts?

You can try to run this command:

sudo apt-get install -f

It should fix the dependencies and automatically install missing packages.

If it is not enough or you get some errors, you can try to install missing packages manually with this command:

sudo apt-get install libcheese-gtk23 libcheese7 unity-control-center

For more information about apt-get and -f option you can read manual running this:

man apt-get

I hope this could help you.


Wine is a compatibility layer that allows some Windows software to run under Linux.

It isn't for drivers or any other software requiring direct hardware access. Your simulation software seems to require it hence the cannot open network adapter error message.

A similar Linux native software is needed for the purpose.


Apparently there some issue with the serial drivers. Haven't figured out exactly what the problem is, but the following gets things running again:

# remove drivers
sudo modprobe -r ftdi_sio
sudo modprobe -r usbserial
# get driver back up
sudo modprobe ftdi_sio


How to make SNMP Agent accept connections from other hosts in the network?

Edit the file /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf. Change the line:

agentAddress  udp:127.0.0.1:161

to:

agentAddress  udp:161

Then restart snmpd:

sudo service snmpd restart

It should listen to all interfaces now:

$ sudo netstat -ulnp | grep 161
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:161             0.0.0.0:*                           8517/snmpd


You could try Open Sound System (OSSv4) with production quality enabled in the ossxmix. Unfortunately this requiers building it from source and also removing ALSA, PulseAudio from your Ubuntu and setting applications backends to OSSv4.

You should post the output of lspci -v command (run it in terminal) for audio device section. When you will know what's your soundcard then you can check if it is supported by Open Sound System.

Ubuntu community documentation regarding OpenSound has commands for removing ALSA (reboot requiered) and of course installation of OSSv4 (including compiling from source). There is also the official guide regarding that process. Before you start the compilation open up software-properties-gtk application as root and check the source code on the first tab. Then update your software sources and run this command:

sudo apt-get build-dep oss4-base

You should change configure script GRC_MAX_QUALITY=3 to GRC_MAX_QUALITY=6 that's for production quality resampler. Know you can build the .deb package.

When all that is done than it's time for configuring applications. You can also emulate ALSA for applications that doesn't support OSSv4 edit /etc/asound.conf or .asoundrc as per instructions on Arch Linux OSSv4 Wiki.


Sorry about the confusion.  You just have to rename them by appending gnome- in front of their names, example - /var/games/gnome-mahjongg.dragon.scores

Doesn't need the permissions change.


Probably a dumb question: Are these both directly connected into the router or are they going through a switch?  If through a switch, turn off both hosts, turn off switch, turn off router.  Turn on router, turn on switch, turn on hosts.

(If you can give me more info on the exact brand of the switch, I might be able to tell you how to reset just the 3 ports of the switch)

Leaving the above in as not everyone is using powerline adapters, but un-plug/replug the powerline adapters and/or update their firmware to "unstick" them…  >:)


Running out of disc space- how to check where its being used?

You can use Disk Usage Analyzer (installed by default in Ubuntu). To use it just search Disk Usage Analyzer on dash (note that your icons may be different)

And then select the disk you want to scan. You will get a report similar this one

If you are using a CLI installation (ex: a server) or just prefer to use the terminal, you can try ncdu

 $ sudo apt-get install ncdu
 $ ncdu /


Adding Bluetooth Devices Ubuntu 15.10 64bit

SOLVED:
I was able to connect my device using "Bluetooth Manager" once I installed the "blueman" package,
whereas I was previously unsuccessful trying to connect my device using the "bluetooth" icon on the menu bar...


OK, I think I fixed this and know what went wrong. Although it doesn't explain the connect/reconnect cycling beforehand that was occurring.

From /var/log/apt/history.log:

Start-Date: 2014-01-04  00:28:01
Install: linux-headers-3.8.0-35:amd64 (3.8.0-35.50~precise1, automatic), linux-
image-3.8.0-35-generic:amd64 (3.8.0-35.50~precise1), linux-signed-image-
3.8.0-35-generic:amd64 (3.8.0-35.50~precise1), linux-headers-3.8.0-35-
generic:amd64 (3.8.0-35.50~precise1, automatic)
Upgrade: linux-image-generic-lts-raring:amd64 (3.8.0.34.34, 3.8.0.35.35),
linux-headers-generic-lts-raring:amd64 (3.8.0.34.34, 3.8.0.35.35), linux-
signed-generic-lts-raring:amd64 (3.8.0.34.34, 3.8.0.35.35), linux-signed-image-
generic-lts-raring:amd64 (3.8.0.34.34, 3.8.0.35.35), linux-libc-dev:amd64
(3.2.0-57.87, 3.2.0-58.88), linux-generic-lts-raring:amd64 (3.8.0.34.34,
3.8.0.35.35)
End-Date: 2014-01-04  00:29:16

It looks like late last night the kernel was updated automatically (for security updates are set to automatic on my system), and this is where the trouble started.

In order to get my Intel 7260 card working in the past on Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS with the raring kernel, I had to update my firmware as detailed here and also backport the iwlwifi driver to work with this firmware from the 3.11 Kernel as detailed here. Hence, I believe the updated kernel didn't have the backport and thus wifi died, hence to restore I simply applied the 3.11 backport to the new kernel:

0) Download latest firmware for 7260, if you don't already have it from here, and note the kernel needed to support it. Then in a terminal do:
cp iwlwifi-*.ucode /lib/firmware

1) Download backport from here to desktop and then extract.

2) Open terminal and do (more details on backporting here)

cd Desktop/backports-3.11-rc3-1/
make defconfig-iwlwifi
make
sudo make install

Finally reboot.


Yes !
You can do so with dpkg-repack, which can repack installed applications back into a .deb file. To install it:
sudo apt-get install dpkg-repack

Then, to use it type
sudo dpkg-repack <packagename(s)>

Which will give you a .deb file (or multiple files, if you repacked multiple packages) in the current directory, which you can then install on another computer. Note that this will not back up any configuration or personal user data created by the application, you have to do that yourself.


Ubuntu on login shows messages from the linux boot process

the messages you sent are part of the standard linux boot processes. When the system boots, it do this normally (but Ubuntu displays it logo instead).

The strange part is the "enter" you have to press....you always can press CTRL+ALT+2 (for example), log in to console and try finding out what's happening in the /var/log/syslog log file.

Maybe there will be some hint which will help us finding out what's wrong...
I guess that it will be related to so filesystem check/message or something.


Problem with setting a environment variable

Prepending ./ tells the shell explicitly not to search your PATH, but to only look in the current directory ./
Just type idea.sh instead.


Mouse button gets locked in java applications

I am experiencing this problem too.  I had the problem in 18.04 and still have it in 20.04.
The app I see it in is JabRef.  The version I'm using is 5.2 and it has an embedded java, although I had this problem with the default install JabRef on both versions of Ubuntu.
$ ~/opt/JabRef/lib/runtime/bin/java --version
openjdk 15.0.1 2020-10-20
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Zulu15.28+51-CA (build 15.0.1+9)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Zulu15.28+51-CA (build 15.0.1+9, mixed mode)

The behavior is exactly as you describe.  I will note that it doesn't start out this way but some errant mouse click will induce it and from then on it's stuck in that mode.
I've watched mouse events with xinput and xev after this issue is triggered and there are no additional events occurring when over the window, just regular mouse movement.  When I reach an element in the window that would normally respond to drag events that element starts acting as if drag event is in progress.
In the JabRef case, the drag event affects boundary placing and column selection in the app.  Closing the app and re-opening does nothing.   The only thing that seems to work is to restart the desktop, which is super annoying.
I suspect it has something to do with the window manager and java playing nice together.


How do I install updates that Ubuntu 16.04 has downloaded?

If you are willing to ditch the GUI way of installing updates altogether, then you can just install them using the terminal. Start a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and then type in the following commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade


Gnome control center not opening from command line as root user

Try
$ sudo su
# gnome-control-center

It would be good to clarify why do you mean to run gnome-control-center as root.


It's not necessarily afs3-fileserver that is running on the port.  That is just the name assigned to port 7000, as that is the port number that was assigned for this specific service.

You will need to check what process is actually running on the port by looking locally on the server, with something like:

# netstat -tanp | grep :7000

The above would print all the processes using this port, including the PID and name of the process in the LISTEN state that is watching for new requests.

# fuser 7000/tcp

fuser also can be used to see the PIDs of the processes using that tcp port, and then you'll need to check the ps output what are those processes.  Without knowing what that process is, and how it was started, it may not be trivial to stop it forever - even if you kill it, it could be restarted right away by the system.


Enable eawpatches midi soundfont as alternative to freepats

I have never used this software, but empirically I got the following steps:

run make-eawpatches-package script from eawpatches-package package (it will download the patches package and create deb-package named eawpatches_12-10+local_all.deb)
install deb-package with

sudo apt-get install ./eawpatches_12-10+local_all.deb

As the result you will have the cfg-files installed:

$ dpkg -L eawpatches | grep /etc
/etc
/etc/timidity
/etc/timidity/eawpatches
/etc/timidity/eawpatches/default.cfg
/etc/timidity/eawpatches/gravis.cfg
/etc/timidity/eawpatches/gsdrums.cfg
/etc/timidity/eawpatches/gssfx.cfg
/etc/timidity/eawpatches/mt-32.cfg
/etc/timidity/eawpatches/proteus2.cfg
/etc/timidity/eawpatches/sndfont.cfg
/etc/timidity/eawpatches/sustain.cfg
/etc/timidity/eawpatches/xgmap2.cfg
/etc/timidity/eawpatches.cfg

along with *.pat files inside /usr/share/midi/eawpatches/*.

This method is documented in /usr/share/doc/eawpatches-package/README.Debian and in /usr/share/eawpatches-package/README.Debian.


Can't Boot to Live CD - Samsung NP355E5C-A01US

Well, you see the normal grub boot loader, not the one from the CD. You most probably have to change the bootorder in your BIOS to change the boot priority.

Maybe this helps, depending on your model:
Change boot order (Samsung)


Installed Wacom Bamboo Pen + Touch drivers, but no dice

I found the solution. For some reason I was running an old Linux kernel (2.6.32-22). I've switched to 2.6.35-28 now and it works instantly.

It still needs some tweaking to get it as comfortable as in Windows (things like scrolling, pressure sensitivity), but they are for other questions.