Non-UI differences between Ubuntu versions

Upstart was replaced with systemd.

As a system administrator or power user, many (though not all) of the changes you will observe when upgrading or migrating from 14.04 LTS to 16.04 LTS are due to which init system is used. This includes the specific change you've mentioned where /etc/rc.local is no longer present or used by default.

14.04 LTS used Upstart. It was not the last release that did, but it was the last LTS release that did.
16.04 LTS uses systemd, as do all currently supported Ubuntu releases.

For general information about why this change was made and what the practical differences are, see:

"Losing Graciously"
SystemdForUpstartUsers
Rationale for switching from upstart to systemd?

For even more general information, you can read release notes (which is a good idea). Potentially the release notes of all intervening releases could be useful for you to read, but I particularly suggest:

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS release notes (the release you've moved to)
Ubuntu 15.04 release notes (when systemd replaced Upstart)

Regarding /etc/rc.local specifically, you may want to look at other mechanisms systemd provides to allow you to define services that run on startup and do what you need done, but you can have systemd run the commands in /etc/rc.local.

The typical way to make systemd use /etc/rc.local is to enable the rc-local service, which is provided for compatibility. As explained in How to Enable /etc/rc.local with Systemd, you can check if it is already enabled with:

sudo systemctl status rc-local

You can enable it with:

sudo systemctl enable rc-local

The file needs to exist and be marked executable. If you encounter problems, such as the service not being able to start, or if you want more details on how that service works, see:

How to Enable /etc/rc.local with Systemd
How can I execute command on startup (rc.local alternative) on Ubuntu 16.10
(largely applies to earlier and later releases as well)


Which is the default runlevel? AFAIK this is configured in /etc/init/rc-sysinit.conf. Setting DEFAULT_RUNLEVEL to 2 should make the server start the X environment.
Alternatively, you could use ssh to start a complete gnome session on the server, displaying it on the client, using ssh -X remote-user@server gnome-session. But this will require some bandwith, so it may be better to start the desired application directly.

EDIT: here's the x11vnc command line to start the vnc server and let the remote user log into a gnome session:

sudo x11vnc -safer -localhost -once -nopw -auth /var/lib/gdm/:0.Xauth -display :0

(From the Ubuntu Communitiy docs on VNC)


dpkg and systemd: unit file silently disappears

Answering my own question: I misunderstood systemd documentation.

Unit file for systemd must be placed to /lib/systemd/system; in /etc/systemd/system are stored symlinks created by systemd itself.


There's nothing wrong, APT needs to remove those packages to install the extra version of those packages which contains more codecs.


You can restart network-manager by doing (in the terminal):

sudo service network-manager restart

Certainly I find this can help with some network hardware issues (network-manager seems not to properly detect when my wifi is turned back on with an external switch, for instance), whether it will help here you will have to find out.


Installing wifi driver on late macbook 2011 with ubuntu 12.10

It switches should be

tar -jxvf broadcom-wl-5.100.138.tar.bz2


Best way to backup million of assets? weekly changing (adding only) using Bash Script?

You can do this using one go of find.

For tasks like this where time precision is necessary, use -mmin option of find to express the time constraint in minutes instead of -mtime to express in days.

find /source -mmin -1441 -exec cp -a -t /destination {} +

This will copy files, modified within the last 24 hours (1440 minutes) counting from now, from /source to /destination.

To copy to remote server, use rsync, as it will resume any partial transfer (unlike scp):

find /source -mmin -1441 -exec rsync -a {} user@host:/destination/ \;


You can get very clear instructions at http://sdlmame.wallyweek.org/repository/ on how to install MAME via an unofficial PPA, which I copy verbatim here because there isn't anything to add:

Open a terminal window (commands may be typed directly or pasted into it) and:

Remove old sdlmame repositories (if any):

sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sdlmame4ubuntu.*

Add the main repository for unofficial builds:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:c.falco/mame

(optionally) add the repository for "u"(nstable) builds:

(Skip this step to stick with main, stable, not-"u" releases!)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:c.falco/umame

Now update the information on your box:

sudo apt-get update

Finally install the package from the repository:

sudo apt-get install mame


I just found the easiest way to release the docker's DHCP cache by just restarting docker ex:

sudo service docker restart

It is not the same as only DHCP release, but it does what I need.


Testing with UnityAmbiance

Trying from the KDE System Settings > Workspace Appearance > Desktop Theme > Get New Themes

Seems to have problems -> Looking the .xsession-errors. It is telling:

  plasmapkg(2824)/libplasma Plasma::Package::installPackage:  Package plugin name  "Unity Ambiance" contains invalid characters

  Installation of /tmp/kde-USER///159937-UnityAmbiance.tar.gz failed.

  systemsettings(2804)/knewstuff (api): Command failed

Workaround

1) Download the them from the http://kde-look.org/content/show.php/Unity+Ambiance?content=159937

2) Unpack it to the ~/.kde/share/apps/desktoptheme/

3) Inform the maker/developer


This is the way that worked for me to uninstall Composer. I will first put here my way to install it, then my way to uninstall and also reinstalling it:

Install Composer:

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | sudo php
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
export PATH="$HOME/.composer/vendor/bin:$PATH"

Reload (terminal).

Uninstall

Delete composer.phar from where you've placed it.

Note: There is no need to delete the exported path.

Reinstall

Than when you reinstall just do the two first stages and the last stage (because the third stage - Exporting the path was already made and I did not revert it in any way).


Systemd stuck looping through sssd daemon

From that description I would think you did not bother to copy the old file to a backup first. Actually now I read the descriptions you fix problem that is not a problem only an annoyance. And it is for the next operating system version not the version you run. The good news is the file is unimportant to the boot process if it is a proper file it will boot with it if not like the improper file you put in place it will make the boot fail. Solution is to  mount the sd card on another machine and delete the file.


On a default Ubuntu running Python 2.7 you can use the following commands

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os
import platform

userhome = os.path.expanduser('~')
desktop = userhome + '/Desktop/'
useros = platform.system() # returns e.g. 'Linux' 'Windows'
distribution = platform.linux_distribution() 'in case it's a Unix

When coding a cross platfrom application you should be aware that not all desktop environments make use of a desktop directory. This will even be true for some XDG desktops.

Our code should therefore not rely on the presence of a desktop directory.

In case you code for different locales you need to parse the name given for the desktop directory from the users's xdg desktop configuration (see How can I get the (XDG) Default User Directories from Python?).


Changing bios battery on maincard(motherboard) works. It solved my problem. I don't really know technical details but it's booting without problem.


Try to comment all GRUB_HIDDEN. I would also change GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR to something static, like Debian.


Latest Chromium >= 78.0.3904.87 - Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Snap or Apt or something else?

Install using snap, and set to beta or edge:

snap install --channel=edge chromium


I think you installed using quickstart. If that's the case, it will redirect you to the $(hostname -f) of the server after that form. If that does not exist in DNS, the simplest solution for you now is to add that hostname to /etc/hosts with the correct IP on the machine where you are accessing landscape from.


If is the output the same, then you have problem with default gateway witch is stay on eth card. In you case enp0s25. Chack again command route -n, when eth is disconnected. Default route must be on wifi interface. If not check DHCP server setting. Do you got default gateway or only ip address and network mask.

You can add in /etc/network/if-down.d/ some script to put default gw to your wifi card wlx74da382e1752

Example:

sudo nano /etc/network/if-up.d/script

and put content

# Check for specific interface if desired
[ "$IFACE" != "enp0s25 " ] || exit 0
# Return put default gw to wifi
route add default dev wlx74da382e1752

give script privilege

chmod 755 /etc/network/if-down.d/script

if-down.d will trigger script called script when enp0s25 go down and put default gw to wlx74da382e1752

wlx74da382e1752 - i guess is name of your wifi card.


Ubuntu grub rescue mode to boot windows without a recovery disk

You can't access/boot into Windows now because the information required by GRUB to do that has been deleted along with the partition.

You need to boot Windows installation media or recovery media to fix the Windows bootloader.


How to completely delete and reinstall a printer driver?

There are a few methods to find out which package got installed when trying to install the driver for the printer. Here are 3 that I know:

Seach for currently installed printer releated packages

aptitude search printer | grep ^i
i   epson-inkjet-printer-escpr      - Epson Inkjet Printer Driver (ESC/P-R) for
i   indicator-printers              - indicator showing active print jobs
i   printer-driver-c2esp            - printer driver for Kodak ESP AiO color ink
i   printer-driver-foo2zjs          - printer driver for ZjStream-based printers
i   printer-driver-foo2zjs-common   - printer driver for ZjStream-based printers
i   printer-driver-gutenprint       - printer drivers for CUPS
i   printer-driver-hpcups           - HP Linux Printing and Imaging - CUPS Raste
i   printer-driver-min12xxw         - printer driver for KonicaMinolta PagePro 1
i   printer-driver-pnm2ppa          - printer driver for HP-GDI printers
i   printer-driver-postscript-hp    - HP Printers PostScript Descriptions
i   printer-driver-ptouch           - printer driver Brother P-touch label print
i   printer-driver-pxljr            - printer driver for HP Color LaserJet 35xx/
i   printer-driver-sag-gdi          - printer driver for Ricoh Aficio SP 1000s/S
i   printer-driver-splix            - Driver for Samsung and Xerox SPL2 and SPLc
i   system-config-printer-common    - Printer configuration GUI
i   system-config-printer-gnome     - Printer configuration GUI
i   system-config-printer-udev      - Printer auto-configuration facility based

Search through your APT history for recently installed printer related packages

cat /var/log/apt/history.log | grep -e ^Install | grep printer
zcat /var/log/apt/history.log.*.gz | grep -e ^Install | grep printer

Use the Ubuntu packages site to search for packages that provide drivers for your printer by searching for package names and package descriptions. You should not only search for the exact model number but also try just searching for the maker. Most packages have a uniform naming scheme.

By combining these methods you should be able to find the proper package and remove it with apt-get purge $package-name. In my case I found that I installed a package named epson-inkjet-printer-escpr.

You may want to also remove the packages from /var/cache/apt/archives/ and /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/ or purge the entire local package cache with sudo apt-get clean.

Caution: You should be careful when removing packages, removing all printer related packages with a wildcard may damage your installation. Usual indicators for removing the wrong packages is a very long list of packages that will be removed or the ubuntu-desktop package being among them.


Find Audacity in Ubuntu Software center and its works good.

How to do it: here


With GIMP, I think that's just a bug. Maybe the same with Transmission. To fix GIMP, delete (or rename it if you want it as a backup) the .gimp folder in your home directory (press ctrl+h to toggle showing hidden folders). This resets the GIMP user data (settings, not files created using it) and should fix the problem. When it next starts, it will recreate that folder.


Amnesia doesn't start due to audio problems

I had same problem (Ubuntu 12.04, Ati 6450, gallium drivers).
The game is working now, after install this library:

sudo apt-get install libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0


How can I create Macros for games on Linux?

You must install the software Autokey, you can type this in the terminal:

sudo apt-get install autokey-gtk

Open it and click on New then Script and name it (you can also create a folder with the name of your game).

Keyboard

There is two important lines, here is the code for pressing the key "x":

keyboard.send_keys("x")

And here is how to add a delay, 1/10 of a second (try lower values until the game doesn't allow it, also keep in mind than an high ping can make some keys doesn't input if the delay is too low):

  time.sleep(0.1)

Then repeat the code by adding a delay between each keys, for the last key you don't need to add a delay after it.

To hold a key type that, for example to hold then release Shift and typing x in between:

keyboard.press_key("<shift>")
keyboard.send_keys("x")
keyboard.release_key("<shift>")

Mouse

To click use this two commands:

mouse.click_relative_self(x, y, button)

mouse.click_absolute(x, y, button)

The first command is relative (to click near the mouse's current location) the second is absolute (from the entire screen).
The button takes 3 arguments:

1: left click

2: middle click

3: right click

This script work best if you add a minimum of 0.1 second of sleep. Here an example to click at the center of the screen:

time.sleep(0.1)
mouse.click_absolute(1920/2, 1080/2, 1)

Comment

You can add a comment with "#":

  keyboard.send_keys("x") # use a potion

Once your script is finished you can bind it to a key, bellow your script you will see script settings, at the line Hotkey click on Set and define a key. I recommend you to use the key F# to attach it or the key.
You can test if your macro is working by opening a text editor like gedit.

For Dota it is better to use the in game queue feature, for example to use 3 items and one spell:

keyboard.send_keys("s")
time.sleep(0.01)
keyboard.press_key("")
keyboard.send_keys("zxcq") # edit this line
keyboard.release_key("")


Could be your harddrive.  Core 2 Duo T6600 seems to be kind of long in the tooth

apt-get install smartmontools gsmartcontrol smart-notifier
sudo gsmartcontrol

If you get any errors, please make sure you have a good backup of your data.


Intel AC 7265 Wireless card not detected

Typically, a helper module is required to translate key presses into action. In your case, pressing the wireless button, sometimes known as Airplane Mode should be translated into, “turn on the wireless radio, Mr. Kernel.” There is usually a wmi or laptop or wireless module to do so. Examples are hp-wmi, thinkpad_acpi, acer_wmi and many more.

We tried to load hp-wmi, the most likely candidate, and the result was that the module doesn’t work for your Omen.

Next, in your lsmod; that is, the list of all loaded modules, we see nothing whatever that is helpful to help.

Next, when we search Google for Linux on the HP Omen, we see a few examples where removing a loaded module, namely acer_wmi, causes the button to work. Here are some examples:

http://martinsosic.com/linux/2015/03/01/arch-linux-on-hp-omen.html

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/316062/hp-omen-linux-mint-wifi-not-working

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2337582

However, the module acer_wmi isn’t loaded here at all, so it is obviously ineffective to try to unload a module that isn’t loaded at all.

I have three suggestions. First, file a bug report here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/

Second, buy, with a generous return period, or borrow a known working USB wireless and see if it works. Here at my post #22, are some suggestions: https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2359573

Finally, you might have success by taping off pin 20 on the wireless card: https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2150597

http://www.jarzebski.pl/files/images/mask-pin-20-2.jpg

I am sorry that, at the current time, there are no better solutions.


Annoying noise on Vaio S series when seeking music to other parts of the same song

Does this, updating the driver, help? Otherwise, have you tried making sure it's not something to do with your speakers/headphones?
Edit: I don't know what I'm talking about, so maybe you should wait with trying this until someone smarter suggests a better option ;)


You can most certainly search YouTube for videos on Ubuntu, but there's something better:

Live DVD

Every Ubuntu install disk has a 'Try Ubuntu' option.  Click that to try Ubuntu without installing anything or touching your data.  It's the best way to get hands-on test drives in Ubuntu.


Probably you have chosen to erase and use whole disk for Ubuntu, so other operating systems have been removed. Normally, when you install Xubuntu alongside other operating systems, those systems are visible in the GRUB menu. If not, then it looks like your Xubuntu is the only operating system installed right now.


How to Remove Webbrowser Without Uninstalling Unity Webapps?

Is there anything I can do to remove browser?

To remove the Ubuntu Web Browser, I opened a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T and then typed:

htop

Then hit F3 to search. I searched for browser and found webbrowser-app, so I uninstalled it with:

sudo apt-get remove webbrowser-app


How to know which processes have the DISPLAY variable set?

I came up to this command after many searches and tries:
for file in /proc/[0-9]*; do grep -ao 'DISPLAY=[^[:cntrl:]]*' $file/environ 2>/dev/null && grep -ao '(.*)' $file/stat; done | sed 'N;s/\n/\t/'

A sample of the output is:
DISPLAY=:0  (unity-files-dae)
DISPLAY=:0  (unity-music-dae)
DISPLAY=:0  (unity-lens-vide)
DISPLAY=:0  (zeitgeist-daemo)
DISPLAY=:0  (zeitgeist-fts)
DISPLAY=:0  (zeitgeist-datah)
DISPLAY=:0  (cat)
DISPLAY=:0  (unity-scope-vid)
DISPLAY=:0  (unity-musicstor)
DISPLAY=:0  (dconf-service)
DISPLAY=:0  (gdu-notificatio)
DISPLAY=:0  (telepathy-indic)
DISPLAY=:0  (mission-control)
DISPLAY=:0  (goa-daemon)
DISPLAY=:0  (VBoxXPCOMIPCD)

To explain what's going on, this loop searches recursively in the /proc directory searching for DISPLAY in each file. Those files are really the processes running, so every file containing the word DISPLAY means that this process is using it.


Try rebooting your pc with the cd rom inside. Go to boot menu; make sure you format it properly. Are you using the try Ubuntu option instead of the Install option?


How to set boolean value in curl command used bash script

The easiest way to map the string male to either true or false (depending on your needs) and female to some other value is a simple if…then…else clause. The trick is the quoting but you already got that with the $name variable. So:

if [ "$sx" = "male" ]; then
    sex="true";     # or whatever you consider male sex to be
else
    sex="false";    # just the opposite, see above
fi

curl -d '{"name":"'"$name"'", "sex":'$sex'}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST http://localhost:8080/setacc


Ethernet to USB adapters Realtek disconnecting intermittently

your driver is r8152 (not 8153) as shown in the logs.

  [200584.746198] r8152 3-4:1.0 eth0: v1.09.9

Try blacklisting the correct device.


Applications installed with snap from 'Ubuntu Software Center' app store fail to launch - Ubuntu 19.04

For those who care, I got the applications installed from 'Ubuntu Software Center' to work by uninstalling and reinstalling snap. Here were my steps:

open terminal (of course)
$ sudo apt autoremove --purge snapd
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install snapd
restart your computer
ensure snap installed correctly with $ sudo snap install hello-world and $ hello-world
$ sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-snap
open 'Ubuntu Software Center' and click the button to install plugins and restart.

The applications downloaded from the store should now launch successfully.


Correct Display configuration. Errors while trying to arrange displays

I don't think the problem has anything to do with the rotation of the screen. If you think so because of the word "inverted" on the output from xrandr, don't worry. That word is always there even if your setup is not inverted.

I believe you are getting that error because your hardware doesn't support Unity 3D at that resolution. If my guess is correct, you will need to switch to Unity 2D, which is less demanding in terms of graphics.

In order to do that, go to the login screen (the screen before you start the session), click on the Ubuntu icon to the right of your username and select Ubuntu 2D. Then log in and try to set the desired resolution.


What options do I have to track UbuntuEdge fundraiser progress?

Stuart Langridge has put together a quick-and-dirty indicator to keep track of the current and projected totals for the fundraiser. He posted about it at: https://plus.google.com/108243663090085262773/posts/irW4n4abMs8

You can download the indicator script from http://ubuntuone.com/1g1yTcmnpDhVTB0Rp2UnbT and simply run it from the command line, or if you are on saucy (or raring with upstart user sessions) you can run it from an upstart user job:

start on desktop-start
stop on desktop-end
exec python /path/to/ubuntu-edge-indicator.py

stick those lines (with the right path in the exec line of course) in ~/.config/upstart/ubuntu-edge-indicator.conf and run the first time with start ubuntu-edge-indicator. Since it's an upstart job it'll start with your session from now on (or until you remove the upstart file).

I should note that this was the first upstart user job I defined in ~/.config/upstart so after writing the .conf file I had to log out and log in before the indicator would run from upstart.

EDITED TO ADD:
My colleague Chris Wayne has packaged this indicator for precise and (I think) raring. It's available from his PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cwayne18/ubuntu-edge-indicator
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-edge-indicator


2nd monitor not detected by nVidia Server Settings

"Screen" in this sense means X Screen, as in the whole viewport of what you see. You can have multiple monitors inside one screen.

The "X Server Display Configuration" section of nvidia-settings should show you your monitor settings for a given X Screen:


3rd monitor on Ubuntu 20.04 with Radeon HD 6670/7670 disabled

For future reference: After trying a very large number of combinations, I discovered that using the default drivers (removing the AMD drivers per 3 Displays Ubuntu, ATI Radeon) and setting the LG monitor (on the DVI port) to 59.93 Hz with both Adjust for TV and Fractional Scaling enabled, and scaling set to 100%, results in a stable 3-monitor configuration.


I can't use update manager, access Ubuntu related sites or Launchpad

It is very likely, that you are suffering from a problem at Telia Sonera. They have major network problems in London, close to Canonicals own networks that host Ubuntu related services.

To see if you are affected, open a terminal and make sure traceroute is installed (sudo apt-get install traceroute), then type traceroute 91.189.92.184 | grep --color=auto telia. If your universe repository is also based at Canonical (e.g. not a local mirror), see below on how to install traceroute withouth apt.

If this command outputs anything, then Telia is most likely the cause of your problems.
If this command does NOT output anything, it is still possible, that you are affected, because of asynchronous routing.

This problem is not within Canonicals reach, so they cannot really do something about it (besides building global redundancy), but it should be temporary.

(This answer is only valid close to the time of writing! If you read this in a couple of weeks or months, then this does most likely NOT help you!)

How to install traceroute without apt
You can download traceroute from a mirror that is not affected by that issue and install it via dpkg.

For amd64 arch run wget http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/t/traceroute/traceroute_2.0.18-1_amd64.deb && sudo dpkg -i traceroute_2.0.18-1_amd64.deb

For i386 arch run wget http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/t/traceroute/traceroute_2.0.18-1_i386.deb && sudo dpkg -i traceroute_2.0.18-1_i386.deb


It looks like you are missing the key for the qgis repo. Assuming you installed it using the repo found here, just add the key, like this:

gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 997D3880
gpg --export --armor 997D3880 | sudo apt-key add -

You will then need to run update apt, and it should work.

sudo apt-get update


Build unity 7 from source for ubuntu 15.04

I found some bugs in the link above:

I need to modify the CMakeLists.txt file in data directory by commenting the single line in it, because this line tries to install unity file inside /pam.d directory where normal users cannot do this, so I created the folder manually and copied the file then changed permissions.
I had to manually create the folder ~/staging/lib/python2.7/site-packages.
I need to pay attention to the last N in the command cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCOMPIZ_PLUGIN_INSTALL_TYPE=local -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/staging/ -DGSETTINGS_LOCALINSTALL=ON because you might copy without it.


Atheros QCA9565 / AR9565 unstable connection, slow wireless Ubuntu 16.04

It could be the same problem as I just had myself, so it's worth a try. My problem was a slow and unstable network connection, and occasionally it would disconnect.

To clarify, this is my network adapter, which seems to be exactly the same as the OP's:

$ lspci -nnk | grep -iA 2 '^[^[:space:]].*net'
01:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Qualcomm Atheros QCA9565 / AR9565
Wireless Network Adapter [168c:0036] (rev 01)
    Subsystem: Lenovo QCA9565 / AR9565 Wireless Network Adapter [17aa:4026]
    Kernel driver in use: ath9k

The solution to my problem was to create a config file for the wireless driver:

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf

add the following line:

options ath9k nohwcrypt=1

Make sure it's 100% identical and press Ctrl-X to exit, then Y to save. You can activate this option by rebooting, or if you're impatient you can load the module immediately:

sudo modprobe -r ath9k
sudo modprobe ath9k nohwcrypt=1

It's also possible to use these last two commands alone to test if this will solve the problem without modifying your system. The first one removes the module (unloads the driver), the second one inserts (loads) it again with the additional option.

My sources:
How to resolve wireless disconnect problem in Atheros ath9k
/
How do I create a system file /etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf?


How do I make an application manually extracted from a .tar be available on "Show Applications"?

If you already have a .desktop file copy it into ~/.local/share/applications.

If not, see this guide on how to create one.


Ubuntu having a weird problem whille detecting for /

Quite a lot of this question was solved on chat - I'll ask @Utkarsh to update his question somewhat. Apparently the system was giving errors to do with the hard drive.

The first step was to rule out hardware failure though the use of SMART - gsmartcontrol is a good frontend for it for a neophyte user, and there weren't any errors found through it.

The next step was to find and fix data corruption

sudo su
cd /
touch /forcefsck
reboot

As root, creating a /forcefsck and rebooting told the system to run a check before mounting the filesystem. I'm told that that fixed the issue


It cannot resolve hostname. You may need to change the nameserver to 8.8.8.8


how to use my wired connection internet for accessing internet on mobile phones

I have been trying to find a solution for this, and have tried a number of things, without success.
This post may help you How to share a wired Internet connection with an Android phone (reverse-tethering)?


Your logs show that you're missing a file called /lib/security/pam_access.so. So, it seems that your PAM setup is broken. You'll need to reinstall whatever package owns that file. Unfortunately, I wasn't able to determine which package that is (I'm running 12.04 and apparently that file isn't needed on my machine).

Here's a suggestion about what you can do:

Boot into a chroot environment (follow steps 1-5 here) or into recovery mode. If you use a liveCD or USB, be sure that you use one for the same version that you have installed!
Try to see if dpkg knows about the file:

dpkg --search /lib/security/pam_access.so

If it finds the package, you're all set. Just reinstall that package:

apt-get reinstall package-name

If step 2 fails, it's time to get the big guns out. You'll want to reinstall every PAM-related package on your system.

Save the following Python script somewhere. It will list all your PAM packages that are currently installed.

#!/usr/bin/env python
import apt
import re

exp = re.compile('^(lib)?pam')
print ' '.join([i.name for i in apt.Cache() if i.is_installed and exp.search(i.name)])

Reinstall away:

apt-get reinstall $(python name_of_your_script.py)

If that isn't enough, you can get really heavy-handed, but think very carefully before doing this as it can easily have lots of unintended consequences. It could potentially install a bunch of unrelated stuff on your system. You should first check whether you can find another way of repairing PAM.

If you determine that you need to take this step, modify the script you created in step 3. Remove the following from the script: i.is_installed and. Make sure you remove exactly that and double-check that you didn't make a mistake. Then install, and do another reinstall just to be sure you got everything:

apt-get install $(python name_of_your_script.py)
apt-get reinstall $(python name_of_your_script.py)

If all of the previous instructions fail, then you have a seriously messed up system. In that case, reinstalling Ubuntu is probably the best way to go. Remember to back up /home before reinstalling.


The respective user-specific directories are all in ~/.local/share (~ is the current user's home directory):

~/.local/share/applications
~/.local/share/icons
~/.local/share/mime

All those directories have the same purpose as the ones in /usr/share except that their effect is limited to the specific user and that you do not need root rights to write in them.


Installed Ubuntu on chromebook, Ubuntu asks for password that wasn't ever set

The password is user

I did the same to my Chromebook.


11.04 loses WAN but not LAN connectivity

While it's bizarre to me, as I know nothing about hardware other than that electrons are yellow:  there's pretty good circumstantial evidence that the problem was caused by a voltage drop on the electrical circuit that the router is plugged into.  I noticed momentary networking delays elsewhere on the LAN coincident with such drops, but the problem with the 11.04 system, which persisted until rebooting it, is the only non-transient symptom that I noticed.

I'm guessing rebooting cured the problem because it renewed the (DHCP) connection with the router.


How can I make changes to the boot options?

METHOD 1:

You can use a GUI tool called grub-customizer

and it can be installed by typing following commans

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

OR

METHOD 2:

If you have Windows in parallel than you can install a program called "Easy bcd" or "bcd editor"(both are same). A GUI version is available for this too.


Test your network connectivity. Ensure apt is working properly on your system, and can reach it's repositories. Ubuntu will (understandably) refuse to do a release-upgrade if it cannot download the packages. This is the most common easy-to-test and easy-to-fix problem.

Return your system to as close to stock condition as possible - uninstall all packages from unofficial (non-Ubuntu) sources and PPAs, and disable those sources. Those packages sometimes use version numbers that confuse the package management logic, blocking critical packages from being upgraded. If those critical packages are blocked, Ubuntu will (understandably) refuse to do a release-upgrade.
This is the most common problem that new users encounter if they have (unwisely) installed a lot of PPAs and other non-Ubuntu software and no longer remember what they installed from which source. Next time, choose the source of your online instructions more judiciously - most of the software you want is already in the Ubuntu repositories. In complex cases, it might be easier for some users to simply backup their data and clean-install the new release of Ubuntu.

NEVER release-upgrade to try to fix a mysterious problem or an unstable system. Release-upgrades usually make those problems worse, not better. You should be able to run apt update and apt upgrade with ZERO errors before starting a release-upgrade.


I have practically the same setup, dual boot Win10 and Ubuntu 16.04.2.  I posted another answer since my issue was during the reboot or shutdown.  i ran the below and everything seems to be working now.

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

I also ran the command on ATI AMD site to add to video group.  Maybe it will work for you since I got that weirdness after an update and the same AMD driver version.


Where does the software-center store its history?

All history of packages installed/updated/removed is in /var/log/apt: new history in history.log file, old history in archives, in history.log.x.gz files. See the image below to get this data in a form of a table in Ubuntu Software Center:


Install Ubuntu 17.04 on external usb drive without modifying the internal hard drive

UEFI full install to a USB using another USB install media.

Superfically the same as a legacy install with the addition of an EFI partition on the target USB, but there are problems which may leave you with an unbootable target and even host.

First decide if you want MSDOS or GPT partitioning on the target USB.  You might want MSDOS partitioning if some (older) machine wont boot with a GPT USB stick.  GPT probably is the default here. In either case, your first partition will be the 300M EFI partition.
It will have a FAT32 filesystem and the boot flag.

Next decide if you want the target USB to boot with both UEFI
and legacy MBR bootloaders.  This depends upon how you want to use the
USB.  It's a little more work, but does improve portability.  If you
are using GPT partitioning, you will need to include a 1M partition
without a filesystem, with the grub-bios flag.  You can just add the
1M partition now and for a later project to add the legacy grub-pc bootloader to your UEFI stick.

Select in your UEFI settings (formerly known as the BIOS) the ones which allow your install USB to boot in UEFI mode.  The install media can boot in both modes, so to create a UEFI target, it needs to boot in UEFI mode.

The rest of the USB target may be your root (/) filesystem.  Don't bother with swap, it will be unbearably slow and if used, will cause more rapid wear on the stick.  For the filesystem, avoid journaling, which may also cause undue wear -- ext2 or ext4 without journaling.  You may need to set "ext4 without journaling" before running the installer, that may not be a choice.

Boot the install media, if you set up the partitions, select the
"something else" choice, then identify the root (/) and EFI System
Partition (ESP).  The bootloader location you want to be the
target USB, (example /dev/sdc), but whatever you enter, will be
ignored.  Run the install, and then start dealing with the problems.

Problems
1) The bootloader location you input for your target is ignored,
and the bootloaders get copied to sda's ESP.
Bug 1173457
Fix:  Copy everything in the sda EFI partition to the target's EFI partition.
These are just files, copy them any way you like, keeping the directory structures.

2) One of the bootloader files improperly copied to sda, grub.cfg, references the target USB.  This file overwrites the grub.cfg in the host's EFI partition, so the host will no longer boot without the target USB present.
Bug 113457
Fix:  Before the install, backup your host's /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg to .../grub.cfg.good so you may easily restore it after it gets overwritten.

3) Assuming you copied all the files in the host's ESP to the target's, the bootloaders are still in the wrong location for removable media.
Bug   1173457
Fix:  Removable media boots off /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi, so copy grubx64.efi and if present, shimx64.efi, from /EFI/ubuntu to /EFI/Boot, then rename shimx64.efi if present to bootx64.efi.  If shimx64.efi is not present, rename grubx64.efi to bootx64.efi.

4)If your host was running with secure boot enabled, your nvram boot entry was shimx64.efi.  The install to USB may have changed that to grubx64.efi.
Bug  1229488
Fix:  Restore the nvram entry with efibootmgr. In this case, (boot failure of the first boot entry), some machines may try a fallback to /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi,
the removable media bootloader, before they try the second item in the bootorder. For this reason, I recommend setting up the host's /EFI/Boot just like the USB target's, with a bootx64.efi which is a copy of shimx64.efi or grubx64.efi.

There's an easy alternative, install to the USB target in legacy mode and add the UEFI bootloaders later.  Use MSDOS partitioning, have a 300M FAT32 EFI partition, and a root (/) partition. Select the UEFI settings to boot your install media in legacy mode.  Select "something else" in the installer, and select your root on the target.  This is a normal legacy install which causes no problems.

After the install, copy everything in the host's ESP to the target's ESP.  This brings over the Windows bootloaders, and the /EFI/Boot directory.

Find the target USB's UUID with:

sudo blkid

Make a directory on the EFI partition at /EFI/ubuntu

In the EFI/ubuntu directory, make a file named grub.cfg with the UUID and disk and partition for the root partition:

search.fs_uuid YourUUID root hd1,gpt2
set prefix=($root)/boot/grub
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg

Put a copy of shimx64.efi and grubx64.efi into /EFI/Boot, and rename the shimx64.efi to bootx64.efi.  These files may be found on the
install media under /EFI/BOOT, with the reaname already done.

The target should now be able to boot in UEFI mode!  Optionally, you can make the ESP mount point /boot/efi on the target, and add a line on the target's /etc/fstab to mount the EFI partition there.  You might want to do this if you install the grub-efi package, which may
occasionlly update the bootloaders, but if they work, the only reason for doing that is security updates.

There's really not much difference between a legacy and UEFI install, just the bootloaders really.


udev rule upon connecting any USB device (Ubuntu 16.04)

You're not seeing anything because udev runs in a context that doesn't have the $DISPLAY variable set, which is mandatory for something like gnome-terminal to know how to contact the X server.  You can add --display=:0 to the command line in the rule, or write a wrapper script that sets DISPLAY and then calls gnome-terminal.


Is it possible to  keep the Window Buttons and Title opaque and the border transparent?

This would be possible with Emerald (which is no longer maintained), but it is not possible with metacity/gnome-window-decorator/unity-window-decorator.

You can file a wishlist bug though.

Alternative:

There is a PPA that contains a fixed version of emerald (fixed as in - it fixes a segfault that some users got):

ppa:malteworld/compiz

This PPA is for 11.04, so you have to download the .debs for 11.10:

  emerald_0.8.8-0ubuntu0~malteworld1_amd64.deb (267.0 KiB)
  libemeraldengine-dev_0.8.8-0ubuntu0~malteworld1_amd64.deb (93.1 KiB)
  libemeraldengine0_0.8.8-0ubuntu0~malteworld1_amd64.deb (88.9 KiB)

(for 64bits or:)

  emerald_0.8.8-0ubuntu0~malteworld1_i386.deb (262.0 KiB)
  libemeraldengine-dev_0.8.8-0ubuntu0~malteworld1_i386.deb (79.4 KiB)
  libemeraldengine0_0.8.8-0ubuntu0~malteworld1_i386.deb (78.5 KiB)

(for 32bits)

For more info, see this Ubuntu Forums thread: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=11379530


How to switch between chat windows in Kadu?

its in configuration

  move left tab - Ctrl+Shift+Left

  move right right - Ctrl+Shift+Right


Get a list of packages on a fresh install

To have the list of installed packages in a file, just redirect the output the result of the command you are using to a file, like this :

dpkg -l | grep '^ii' | awk '{print $2" "$3}' >fresh-installed-pkg-list.txt

This will create a file with all the installed packages are their version.


Which Audioplayer do you recommend to listen Audiobooks?

Exaile and Amarok both do resume playback on start.Exaile for GNOME systems,Amarok for KDE systems.

exaile

amarok


I tried installing the package onedrive and it works just fine

sudo apt-get install onedrive

post install, run command

onedrive

This will provide a URI and ask you for a URI in return. Click the URI and login to your onedrive account (this package works only with personal onedrive for now).  Good thing is it also works with two factor authentication - no app password is needed.

The URI will show a blank page, copy the web URI and paste it into the terminal where the onedrive command prompted for uri.

That's it. The tool will download entire Onedrive contents to $HOME/OneDrive directory.

The drive can be sync'ed in real time with

onedrive -m

I found the above command useful.

Any time simply run onedrive to sync the files. Use manual to find much more options to configure the sync to your need

man onedrive


Simply go to

System Settings
Keyboard
Text Entry (under the tab "Typing")
Add input source (the plus)
choose "French (eliminate dead keys)"

This is for Ubuntu 14.04 so some of the names may vary. But all you have to do is eliminate dead keys.


I had a similar problem with cheese (that is, video was fine, but no audio).

I tried out guvcview based on this answer. This didn't work either, but then I remembered something about USB 3 ports not working with devices like webcams sometimes, so I moved it to a USB 2 port.

Everything worked in guvcview just fine then. The webcam appeared as a new audio device ("USB Audio"). guvcview seems like a neat little application, with a lot of options for how to record from the cam.

(I tried cheese again to see if it was purely the USB 3 port as the cause, but it still didn't work.)


How do I hide a particular user from the login screen?

If your system uses AccountsService, you can not hide a user from the greeter screen by reconfiguring lightdm because it defers to AccountsService.  That is stated very clearly in the comments in /etc/lightdm/users.conf.

What you need to do instead is to reconfigure AccountsService.

To hide a user named XXX, create a file named

/var/lib/AccountsService/users/XXX

containing two lines:

[User]
SystemAccount=true

If the file already exists, make sure you append the SystemAccount=true line to the [User] section.


How do I install the Declarative module for Qt5 in Ubuntu 16.04?

Qt 5.0 is compatible only with Qt Creatoe 2.6.1+, so install Qt Creator 2.6.1

Before you start installation lets remove existing version of Qt Creator.
Run following command in terminal

sudo apt-get autoremove qtcreator

download appropriate installer from here

go to the directory containing installer and run

chmod 755 qt-creator-linux-*-opensource-2.6.1.bin

Run the installer

sudo ./qt-creator-linux-*-opensource-2.6.1.bin

That's it. if everything goes fine you will be able to use Qt 5.0 with Qt Creator.

Hope this Helps


You should simply remove the set completion-ignore-case On line from the file where you added it.

According to the answer you linked, it would be either ~/.inputrc (you can delete the file if it would remain empty) or /etc/inputrc.


Can't access truetype fonts on Libreoffice

First check if the fonts were installed properly with

fc-list | grep arial

you should get something like:

/usr/share/fonts/truetype/msttcorefonts/arialbd.ttf

and some more lines.

If this is not the case, try reinstalling the fonts with:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ttf-mscorefonts-installer

You could also try to refresh the fonts cache with:

sudo fc-cache -f -v

There is a manual way of installing the fonts, described here:
Installation of fonts in ubuntu 14.04


Sublime Text Won't Open Remote Via Caja (nautilus)

I was able to resolve it..

This installs gvfs, then adds your user to the group..

sudo apt-get install gvfs-fuse
sudo usermod -a -G fuse me

Where "me" is your user.

I can't accept my solution because I don't have the rep.. lol


Roughly speaking:

Create a partiton and format to ext2
Copy contents from old /boot folder to new partition root
Edit fstab with a separate boot entry, and run grub-install for the new boot location (using the --boot-directory= option)
Boot and pray

It might be more convenient to do this from a liveCD (can easier be fixed if something goes wrong then).


Ubuntu 18.04 intel 2d acceleration broken?

ok, seems that somewhere in the purging of the old libs, something was uninstalled and never reinstalled. my colleague (having the same problem) found that doing :

apt-get install libegl-mesa0

fixed it.weird that it didn't get installed as a dependency though.


Ubuntu asks for password exactly every 5 minutes

Obviously your root permissions time out after a while. This is one of many disadvantages we are faced when running a graphical application such as nautilus as root.

A much better approach for copy tasks with root permissions would be to do that in a terminal, where you stay root by running the copy application with sudo.

rsync is just one of many file copy services but one with tremendously many options, the possibility to copy over network, have it resume on errors, skip already existing files on the destination, or let it exclude files or directories.

The basic command for rsync is very simple

 sudo rsync -a source/ destination

where source and destination are the corresponding mount points (or network locations), and -a is for a sensible "archive" option that includes all options rlptgoD.

Only one thing that always confuses me a bit is the slash / after the source directory which tells rsync to not create this directory on the destination but copy all of its content instead.

There also is a graphical interface grsync for those who dislike the terminal too much. I use grsync because it allows to drop-down select from different copy profiles I had set up for backup purposes.


dual booted with win 10 and ubuntu , but after shutdown it stuck on ubuntu logo

Removing obsolete packages using Synaptic package manager (sudo apt install synaptic) -> Installed (local or obsolete) in the left pane fixed it for me. Obsolete packages were causing Ubuntu to hang when shutting down. Removing obsolete packages permanently changed it from always hanging at shutdown to never hanging at shutdown.

Before you remove an obsolete package in Synaptic run the following command on the package name to check if any other packages that you have installed require it as a dependency.

apt-cache rdepends <package-name>

Replace <package-name> in the above command with the name of the package.


Any inputs in the Ubuntu login GUI result in total freezing of the system

THE SOLUTION

This post explains the basis for a working solution: How to change proprietary video driver using the command line?

In summary, the most recent Ubuntu update threw off the synergistic balance between many of the latest NVIDIA mobile graphics cards and the Ubuntu system. As a result, users were met by a frozen GUI or a command line upon attempting to log in after the update completed. Ultimately, the working solution is to take the following steps:

REBOOT YOUR MACHINE

This may involve a forced shutdown if you're stuck at the frozen GUI login page. To perform this, simply press and hold the power button till your system shuts down.
Press the power button again to initiate the Power-On sequence.

ENSURE SAFETY BOOT IS DISABLED

It is important that you perform this step as it will save you from having to perform another more complicated step during this process.
"Safety Boot" is disabled via your BIOS/UEFI boot menu.
Accessing the BIOS menu can be a matter of frustration for some, as the methods of entry are different for many computers (it's based on your hardware, so you may end up having to look it up). That being said, MANY machines can be forced into the boot menu by consistently pressing (or holding) either the DELETE, F10, F2, SHIFT, or the ESC buttons several times during the initial booting process until the menu appears.
Once you enter the BIOS menu, navigate through to the "Safety Boot" setting and ensure that it is disabled. (Not all machines are equipped with Safety Boot)

REBOOT YOUR MACHINE

After making sure Safety Boot is disabled, restart the system again

ACCESS THE GRUB MENU AND LOAD THE PREVIOUS UPDATE

For some systems, the GRUB menu is displayed every time the computer is turned on. For other systems (like mine) you'll have to press and hold the SHIFT key while booting up the system to access GRUB.
Upon getting to the menu, navigate to the "Advanced Options" section and select the previous update of Ubuntu (just look at the version numbers). There is no need to access the system via safety mode etc. Simply use the previous edition of Ubuntu which predates the faulty GPU driver update.

DOWNLOAD ALTERNATIVE DRIVERS

Once inside the system you'll need to get the Ubuntu driver tool by typing the following commands into your system Terminal:

sudo apt install ubuntu-drivers-common
sudo apt-get update

Now run the tool with the following command:

sudo ubuntu-drivers devices

This will give you a readout of your graphics cards and the available drivers which correspond to them. Here is an example of what this list may look like:

== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==

vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00000DDAsv000017AAsd000021D1bc03sc00i00
model    : GF106GLM [Quadro 2000M]
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
driver   : nvidia-304-updates - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-304 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-331 - distro non-free recommended
driver   : nvidia-331-updates - distro non-free

Notice that one of the options says "recommended". That's the one to get. Just download and install that driver (and reboot the system) with the following commands:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-331
sudo apt-get update
sudo reboot

REBOOT AND UPDATE

You can now log into your user account via the Ubuntu GUI.

SUPPLEMENTAL RESOURCES

lshw BEFORE the fix (screenshot)
lshw AFTER the fix (screenshot)
Installing Binary Drivers using the Terminal (Official Ubuntu Documentation)


Bash Scripting - Reading variables line by line

For things like this, you can use awk:

$ awk '{print "LINE", NR, ": value", $0}' file
LINE 1 : value 40
LINE 2 : value 58
LINE 3 : value 76

awk automatically reads one line at the time. NR holds the line number and $0 the full content of the line, so you just need to print those.

But if you really want Bash, say something like:

line=1
while IFS= read -r value; do
  echo "LINE $line : value $value"
  (( line ++ ))
done < file

This loops through the content of the file file using a while loop that is fed with < file. Every cycle, the value of one line is stored in the variable $value. Then, it is a matter of printing the result together with incrementing the variable $line to keep track of the line number.

See more info in BashFAQ: How can I read a file (data stream, variable) line-by-line (and/or field-by-field)?.


VirtualBox isn't locked when Ubuntu is locked

Not really, I've experienced the same and the reason for this is quite simple, if you have Windows 7 on your VirtualBox and it is running, i.e, you're working on it, it won't get locked. It same works in the converse too, so it's not an issue with Ubuntu, nor is it a bug.


How to mount individual user directories (Downloads, Pictures, etc) to different hard drives

It doesn't really matter which filesystem to use.
You can always move any directories to other disks and make symlinks to them.
For instance, I have my Ubuntu 20.04 system installed to an SSD partition.
I have a HDD mounted to /media/HDD where I have some directories, e.g. Video.
I made a symlink to my user directory by
ln -s /media/HDD/Video ~/Video

I see the Video directory as if it were in my user home directory, but it is stored on my HDD.


How to get ScreenCloud to use PrtScn key

Go to All Setting > Keyboard > Shortcuts > Screenshots.

Assign Take a screenshot to some other key.

Then change the keyboard shortcuts for ScreenCloud, it will work (I tested it).


How can the volume of a program be set to louder than 153%?

It is possible to increase the 153% volume increase of pavucontrol but this is a little complex and not so easy to accomplish. Easier by far is to actually increase the volume available to vlc itself.

The maximum possible volume can be extracted from vlc by following these steps:

Open the vlc Preferences by first opening vlc and then pressing Ctrl+P
In 'Show Settings' select 'All'
Follow through:

Main Interfaces > QT > Maximum Volume displayed

Set this value to 300 as demonstrated in this screenshot:

Turn your speaker volume up and enjoy the music :)

Note: See the new '300%' on the volume control at the bottom right:


I cannot create a new VPN connection 14.04

You need to modify the privileges of the user account which will set up the VPN.

I'm using Xubuntu 14.04.1 LTS (running in VirtualBox 4.3.20 on 64-bit Windows 7), so the instructions may differ slightly for you if you're using stock Ubuntu.

Find the "Users and Groups" tool in 'Settings'. Click "Advanced Settings" on the right of the dialog (and provide your password when prompted). Check "Connect to wireless and ethernet networks" and then logout and log back in again. (I simply restarted the machine.)

When you log back in, you'll have the ability to add a new VPN using the "Configure VPN..." dialog accessed from Network Manager's toolbar icon.


Sony VAIO E Series - SVE15129CGB with ATI 7570 HD: Screen Brightness Adjustment

I also had the exactly same problem with my sony vaio. I tried all the solution I could find on the internet. The only solution that worked for me is here. Brightness Control Keys on Sony Vaio not working on 12.10


Kubuntu 11.04 bad experience, Gimp crashes and other bugs

there's a weird error in GIMP that causes the crash.

you have to goto your System Settings > Application Appearance > GTK+ Appearance and change the Widget style to Raleigh.

now start GIMP once and you can change the the GTK+ style back to whatever you want

weird but it works

as for your other issues, try adding the kubuntu ppa's to you repos as there are monthly updates that sort out many of the issues you're having, especially with amarok


How to delete old devices from the Ubuntu One device list?

You can delete all the devices from the website: https://one.ubuntu.com/account/

The easiest way to do this is to start from the Ubuntu One application.

Start it and go to the highlighted link 'Go to the web for public and private sharing options'

This opens your default web browser on the Ubuntu One website, you will be logged in already. Click on 'My Account' at the top right.

Then just scroll down to the Devices section and click on 'Remove Device'


How can I improve LibreOffice' performance when making larger documents?

Change your document processing strategy. Do not "put" the images inside the document. Keep the images in a directory and build the document so it accesses those files when it is compiled.

My first thought was that you should use LaTeX for that, it is what I would do.  If you are heading toward something you will show to other people, that's going to give publication quality output. If you want a nice, WYSIWYG processor for LaTeX documents you should use LyX which lets you layout the document by pointing and clicking and also gives you access to the full, more advanced potential of LaTeX should you need it in some (isolated) places.

But I expect most document systems can do it. You don't really need LaTeX. You just need some system that won't try to absorb all of the images into one gigantic file. Maybe others here can advise you on that.

I bet LibreOffice has a way to NOT "include" (embed?) the images within the master document, but rather just refer to them for compilation.

I'd be tempted to write this in HTML or a Markdown document, maybe.

Anything that does not absorb the separate image files will be much better,though.


Wiley 15.10: Some windows are not visible

My monitor had an extra HDMI cable connected, that's why the system has detected a 2nd screen which did not exist.
Removing it has solved the problem. Thanks to Jacob Vlijm!


how to re-enable trackpad accidentally disabled it using third party software(Jupiter)

I just had the same problem and found out that lucky for us Jupiter uses a single script to do it.
Terminal time:

Enter the following script, (which will execute the script that runs when you click on enable/disable touchpad.

sudo /usr/lib/jupiter/scripts/touchpad


Gjiten: "No dicfiles specified! Set your preferences first."

Gjiten needs dictionary files to function. You will need the kanjidic dictionary file for kanji lookups for KanjiDic and other dictionary files for the word dictionary in edict format.

Install them using this command:

sudo apt-get install enamdict edict kanjidicic

Source: http://gjiten.sourceforge.net/gjiten-doc/x102.html


Unity-2D uses old gnome style application switcher

Unity-2D has always been using the old style application switcher. Only Unity has the newly styled application switcher. The behaviour you are currently experiencing is intended and is not a bug. So, you don't need to fret too much about it.


No IP for host ethernet when network bridging with netplan

The bridges are interfaces on the host; because you've added the ethernet device to the bridges, it's normal and correct that the addresses are assigned to the bridge interface and not to the ethernet interface, but these addresses should be reachable as normal from the network.


As far as I know you would need to compile your own kernel for 3.2 in 11.04.

There is a mainline kernel ppa here:

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/

But it looks as if they have packaged 3.2 for 11.10 and 12.04 (not 11.04).

Do you know how to compile a kernel ?
What make you want the 3.2 kernel ?


Can't install SMITE on ubuntu 14.04, Help?

It is not necessarily possible to run windows games under Linux.

PlayOnLinux uses Wine to execute the windows binarys.

WineHQ has a database of various applications success rate for running under wine.

SMITE does not seem to work very well with a 'garbage' rating: https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=application&iId=14324


"cat: write error: File too large" when trying to join 7GB backup

Wich if the format of your external drive?
Some drives use FAT32, and this limit the maximun file size close to 4Gb.

If you want to have bigger files you should change it. To do this you have to format the external drive.


I'm running Ubuntu 16.10 and Ubuntu 16.04 on my computers with dual screens, both using HDMI port and Display Port. It works for any combination of cable I'm using, be it HDMI, Display Port or even DVI-D and VGA.

I suggest you upgrade to at least Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. It has new kernel that supports skylake graphic cards better.


It looks like you have a copy of 40_custom as 40_custom.save.
And grub-update runs any file in /etc/grub.d that starts with two numbers & an underscore and has execute bit turned on.

So turn off the execute bit from 40_custom.save or delete that file.

sudo chmod a-x /etc/grub.d/40_custom.save


Why is there no Gnome Shell package for Natty?

AFAIK, Ubuntu is still not ready for the whole GTK3+ shift (it's supposed to be for natty+1) and proposing a recent gnome-shell package would break a lot of applications, so for the time being, a PPA is the way to go.

This status report from the mailing list has all the information you need


Unable to boot to encrypted root partition after Ubuntu 14.10 upgrade

Basically there are two stages to this.

decrypting
mounting the Logical volumes

Assuming your drive is on sda5 (which is the Ubuntu default AFAIK but might be different)

sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda5 luks

You are then promted for your password.

Than do the LVM stuff

sudo pvscan && sudo vgscan && sudo vgchange -a y

Use lsblk if you want to find out more information about the current layout of the connected drives
after the vg are activated you can mount:

sudo mount /dev/ubuntu-vg/root /mnt

Now you should be able to acces the drive content. Repairing is basically a seperate question I think this might be a relevant answer How to restore a system after accidentally removing all kernels?


Its not trivial at all. This old article, however, is still quite relevant.

http://www.randombugs.com/linux/linux-isc-dhcp-server-dynamic-dns-updates-debian-ubuntu.html


An error occurred while installing Ubuntu 20.04.1

it seems you have a problem with dpkg package manager , try installing ubuntu with the minimal installation , you can try formatting the previous installed ubuntu partition then try again.
also you can check this link
https://www.tecmint.com/sub-process-usr-bin-dpkg-returned-an-error-in-ubuntu/


Files/E-mail not signed with Kleopatra/KMail. gpg-agent

Well, don't have certain what I did at all, but maybe it works for another people.

~/.gnupg/gpg.conf

default-key  `<My Key ID>`
keyserver-options auto-key-retrieve
use-agent

~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf

pinentry-program /usr/bin/pinentry-qt4
keep-display
display :0.0
no-grab
max-cache-ttl 86400
debug-level expert
default-cache-ttl 10

~/.kde/env/gpg-agent.sh

#!/bin/bash
#eval $(gpg-agent --daemon --pinentry-program /usr/bin/pinentry-qt4)
eval `GTK_IM_MODULE="" QT_IM_MODULE="" XMODIFIERS="" gpg-agent --daemon`

~/.kde/shutdown/gpg-agent.sh

#!/bin/sh
[ -n "${GPG_AGENT_INFO}" ] &&
kill $(echo "${GPG_AGENT_INFO}" | cut -d ':' -f 2)

Shutdown the system and started it again.

Then entry in terminal echo "test" | gpg -ase -r 0x791E0AAA | gpg the prompt appeared and waited my answer^^.

Then I tried sign messages using KMail and Kleopatra and worked fine.


How to get AX500 wifi chip working on my XPS13?

I have been looking for a proven reliable way to use USB drive as an apt repository and simply apt-get install the prerequisites for the driver. I have, so far, been unsuccessful. I propose another method that will get the prerequisite build-essential installed.
This method, although it is tedious, will work. The list of deb files you need is this (with the exception of bcmwl-kernel-source): https://paste.ubuntu.com/p/GbZ689gYXw/
Create a folder on your desktop to hold the files. I suggest:
mkdir ~/Desktop/debs

Browse the USB drive and look in pool/main/b for build-essential; in pool/main/d for dkms and dpkg-dev; in pool/main/f for fakeroot and so on. Continue until every package on the list I provided is dragged into the debs folder.
Now, back to the terminal:
cd ~/Desktop/debs
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Now let’s install the driver. Download this file on some other computer and transfer it to the Desktop of your Ubuntu computer on a USB drive or similar: https://github.com/cilynx/rtl88x2bu/archive/5.6.1.6_35492.20191025_COEX20180928-6a6a.zip
In the terminal, do:
cd ~/Desktop
unzip 5.6.1.6

Press Tab and the rest of the very long filename will fill in automagically. Press Enter. Next:
cd rtl8

Press Tab and then Enter. Next:
sudo ./deploy.sh

After it completes, remove the USB wireless and reinsert it. Your wireless should now be working.


fping with timestamp logging to file named with date

Using TS to short it down and putting code in () piping bot sterr and stout to file worked.
(fping -c 86000 -s google.com 192.168.250.1 | ts) &> "$_file"


Using AppIndicators with the Qt framework

appmenu-qt is about exposing the menubar of Qt/KDE applications so that it appears in Unity panel. It is not about appindicators.

There is no explicit API to use appindicators from a Qt applications now. There should be one for Ubuntu 12.04. Until this is available, the two possible solutions are:

Use the QSystemTrayIcon and ensure your users install the sni-qt package (sni-qt transparently turns a QSystemTrayIcon into a StatusNotifierItem|AppIndicator)
Use the KStatusNotifierItem class from kdelibs


Is there an Ubuntu Server (or other text-only) LiveCD?

There are Ubuntu Server appliance images that can be loaded into Virtualbox available from several places:

http://www.thoughtpolice.co.uk/vmware/
http://virtualboximages.com/VirtualBox+Ubuntu+Client+VDIs
http://virtualboxes.org/images/ubuntu-server/

These probably shouldn't be trusted but should be okay for my testing purposes.


Grub EFI USB ISOs unable to find live medium

I changed

menuentry "Clonezilla live (Default settings, VGA 800x600)"{
  loopback loop (hd0,msdos2)/clonezilla-live-2.6.0-37-i686.iso
  linux (loop)/live/vmlinuz boot=live iso-scan/filename=(hd0,msdos2)/clonezilla-live-2.6.0-37-i686.iso
  initrd (loop)/live/initrd.img
}

for

set root='hd0,1'

menuentry "Clonezilla live (Default settings, VGA 800x600)"{
  loopback loop /clonezilla-live-2.6.0-37-i686.iso
  linux (loop)/live/vmlinuz boot=live iso-scan/filename=(hd0,msdos2)/clonezilla-live-2.6.0-37-i686.iso
  initrd (loop)/live/initrd.img
}

... and it works fine.


Ubuntu minimal cd installs GRUB to USB drive

The solution to remove the USB in your link works. You are allowed to remove the USB because all the data required is already loaded (To ram/cpu cache). If you happen to miss the removing part after the clock selection, just select the go back option. This will take you to the main menu and you can remove your USB at this point. Then select "Detect Disks" when it will no longer find the USB. Proceed normally.

TL:DR It's okay to do the remove your USB solution.


I used

sudo chown root:root ubuntu.css

It works for now. The above commands change the owner and group permissions to root.


Running a Custom Command as Superuser Using sudo?

There are two problems:

1.

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Aug 14 15:22 /usr/local/bin/Wandering_Echo -> Wandering_Echo

If you access a symlink its target value is taken as a path relative to the symlink's parent folder (or as an absolute path if it starts with /). So this symlink doesn't point to /usr/local/Custom_Programs/Wandering_Echo but to itself, which isn't that useful. Remove it and use

sudo ln -s /usr/local/Custom_Programs/Wandering_Echo /usr/local/bin/Wandering_Echo

to create it properly. Check the other symlinks, too.

2.

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 96 Aug 14 13:09 /usr/local/Custom_Programs/Wandering_Echo

As you already wrote in the comments the  execute flags are missing here. Use

sudo chmod u+x /usr/local/Custom_Programs/Wandering_Echo

to make it executable for root only. Replace u+x with a+x to make it executable for all users.


How do I run asciiquarium in out-of-the-box ubuntu?

Perl modules that are not provided as debian package must be installed manually. One way of doing that: download the Term-Animation-XX.tar.gz source (XX is a version number), unpack it and do

cd Term-Animation-XX
perl Makefile.PL && make && make test
sudo make install

or you can use the automatic Perl module installer:

sudo cpan Term::Animation

During the first run, the installer will ask you a few questions that usually require just hitting Enter to choose the default option.


gcc is installed but don't know how to fix

Full word options must be preceded by two hyphens, while a single hyphen precedes a single letter option.

Example:

Instead of gcc -version try either gcc -v or gcc --version
Instead of g++ -version try either g++ -v or g++ --version

From my computer:

subroot@subroot:~$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11) 5.4.0 20160609
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

subroot@subroot:~$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-5/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-5 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11)

subroot@subroot:~$ g++ --version
g++ (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11) 5.4.0 20160609
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

subroot@subroot:~$ g++ -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-5/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-5 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-amd64 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11)
subroot@subroot:~$

Help menu
For more options, please type:

gcc --help
g++ --help


Wine cannot load programs "cannot execute binary file: exec format error"

This is most probally because you didn't install wine 32 bit.You can do so using these commands:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wine/wine-builds
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends winehq-devel

Source


Did you try a "real" switch-off (e.g. for 20 seconds) also? It seems to me that sometimes there's a significant difference in behaviour between "reboot" and "switch off". For example, rebooting the phone from a normal state (without any problems) results in getting into a very long boot phase (flashing bq logo and so on for about 3 - 4 minutes). Switch-off, waiting for 20 seconds, switch-on results in a total boot time of approximately 20 seconds.

I researched this when i tried to find out if i was affected by this "bug": https://bugs.launchpad.net/canonical-devices-system-image/+bug/1439864

or if that was just "normal behaviour" .... (still i'm not sure:))


Ubuntu actually really needs your support. You can now help and support a huge project with small pledges.

You can buy all sorts of branded gift items and at the download page you can give freely using paypal (the link is an example).

[credits of the image: http://meta.askubuntu.com/a/7050/115155 ]


Cannot boot Ubuntu on dual boot with Windows 10

Boot-repair-disk fixed my problem
http://sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair-cd/home/Home/


12.04 LTS will no longer download updates

You haven't run a sudo apt-get update in a while (or used tools that implicitly do that). Now the old version of the package has been replaced by a new one, but your system doesn't yet know about it. So sudo apt-get update is all that is needed.


How to remove the switch user account option in Unity 2D?

Have you tried editing the /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/com.canonical.indicator.session.gschema.xml file simply changing this:

<key type="b" name="user-show-menu">
  <default>true</default>
  Determine the visibility of the User Menu
  <description>Allow for the user menu to be hidden by the user.</description>
</key>

to this (true to false):

<key type="b" name="user-show-menu">
  <default>false</default>
  Determine the visibility of the User Menu
  <description>Allow for the user menu to be hidden by the user.</description>
</key>

Then make a backup of /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/gschemas.compiled
Then run

sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas

Normally this would set it as default for all users.

UPDATE:

Florian Diesch pointed out in the comments that it is better to write an override file, because the .xml could be overwritten in an update, thus or settings will be lost. So instead of directly modifying the gschema.xml make a /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/myoverride.gschema.override file with the following contents:

[com.canonical.indicator.session]
user-show-menu=false

The rest is the same: backup and compile.


How do I create a systemd timer running an event twice a month?

Run the timer weekly.
Trivia: The date command keeps track of weeks. It even numbers the weeks (1-53). You can use this example of shell-fu to determine if today is in an even-numbered week or an odd-numbered week.
[ $(( $(date +%V) % 2)) -eq 0 ] && echo "Even Week" || echo "Odd Week"
Adapt this kind of logic to determine if the rest of your script should run.
(Obviously, with 53 weeks, your end-of-year needs a bit more logic).


Is it possible to place windows with keyboard shortcuts in Xfce?

i prefer using Alt+d to move the window into the left half of the screen and Shift+Alt+d the right half.

store this script as /usr/local/sbin/window-left and /usr/local/sbin/window-right
in your Settings Manager you can add a new entry in xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts: /commands/custom/<Alt>d, String and /usr/local/sbin/window-left
in your Settings Manager you can add a new entry in xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts: /commands/custom/<Shift><Alt>d, String and /usr/local/sbin/window-right

(You can choose the best shortcut Keys, that fit for you using <Alt>, <Shift>, <Control> and <Super>)


I would open a bug report. Ubuntu 8.04 Server is still supported till April 2013 and being able to debug crashes is crucial after all.

Anyway, if you urgently need packages with debugging information, you can rebuild them like described in this question: How do I rebuild a package to include debugging information?


Ubuntu send alert mail if CPU usage continusly heigher than a certain amount

You can use the load averages from uptime to get the 1-, 5-, and 15-minute load averages, and have a cron job that runs every minute.

Note that a load average of 1 means that 1 full core (or work equivalent to 1 full core) is being used. That means that if you have 4 cores, the load average you're looking for is 3.20.


Making an executable program with a shell script..?

A .desktop file will provide what you want.

Create the following file, with a filename like ANYTHING.desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Exec=gksudo /MAKE/THIS/THE/PATH/TO/test.sh
Path=/MAKE/THIS/THE/PATH/TO/THE/OTHER/FILES
Type=Application
Terminal=true
Name=Pi CCTV project
Categories=AudioVideo;

Save it wherever you want, e.g. in ~/Desktop, and it will run when you click on it.

Alternatively, save it in ~/.local/share/applications if you want it to appear in your menu.

This runs test.sh with gksudo instead of sudo, to give you a graphical password dialog.

In test.sh add a wait to the end as so:

sh -x video.sh & sh -x audio.sh & wait

This is needed so the window won't close until both programs are finished.

If you really want two windows, change test.sh to:

xterm -e sh -x video.sh & xterm -e sh -x audio.sh & wait

and change Terminal=true to false in the .desktop file.


Backup Ubuntu + Apache + Postfix (no bash)

There is a standard backup program on ubuntu.
Just type "backup" in the dash menu to find it

(See picture. Thats the dash icon. Click on it and type backup)

Works for very well for me.


gedit "cannot open display" , on remote computer , using ssh - Ubuntu 12.04

You simply need to ssh to your remote machine with ssh -X

ssh -X -l root your-machine-name

Once Logged in  you just start gedit or any other program of your choice from command line.


Removing Ubuntu Grub from motherboard firmware

I had the same problem. I am guessing, you want to erase GRUB and like me, have failed to do so after bootrec stuff doesn't work. This is what worked for me. I downloaded the official Arch Linux ISO, Live booted it into a USB. After that, at the startup, there is an option of dropping into a shell. Select that. Then, shell> prompt will show up.

enter fs0: (or) whatever your drives get named at the startup. They will show up in the
prompt when you press enter on the option.

type ls

You get the files with Bootloader entries.
Search for the file name 'Ubuntu'
erase it (be careful) not to erase any other file.
reboot your PC.

You will see that the extra bootloader entry has disappeared. :)

Do not hesitate to share this knowledge.

Oh!, and one more thing:

If bootrec says Access denied, do this:

bootrec /fixboot
bootsect/nt60 sys           //mind well there is NO SPACE before or after the '/'
bootrec /fixmbr             //it now works!!
bootrec /rebuildbcd

Hope this helps :)


I have installed flash player but it's not working

This is how I've always installed Flash Player on Firefox:

Go here
Select ".tar.gz for other Linux"
Click "Download now"
Open Terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T
Run mkdir ~/.mozilla/plugins/
Run mkdir ~/Downloads/extracted/
Run tar xf ~/Downloads/install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_64.tar.gz -C ~/Downloads/extracted/
Run mv ~/Downloads/extracted/libflashplayer.so ~/.mozilla/plugins/
Run rm -rf ~/Downloads/extracted/
Run exit
Restart Firefox


a sata3 hard drive not recognized on a usb2 port

I tried different connectors and tried on different computers.  I got it to work finally but I don't know how.  The drive seems to come and go for no apparent reason.  Something is flaky somewhere.  I have some diagnosis to do now.
Thanks for all your help


Wifi disconnected after resume 16.04 - Other solutions don't work

EDIT: Driver misbehavior on returning from suspend is a problem I've run across several times with several network interfaces across several operating systems. The only thing I've found to be effective across all of these is to turn power management off for the WiFi card. After reviewing the adjustments I made to a system to resolve a similar problem I offer the following resolution.

First we will make a backup of existing default power management settings with:

sudo cp /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf.bak

Next we will edit the content to turn power management for WiFi off entirely. with gksu gedit /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf which contains the default value wifi.powersave = 3 which enables power saving on the WiFi device. Changing the content of this file to:

[connection]
wifi.powersave = 0

Completing the above and also renaming my interface to wlan0
resolved my issues under 16.04

Once that is done you'll need to reboot or issue the command sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager to restart Network Manager

Note: My card does not have an Atheros chip and is identified as follows:

*-network
       description: Wireless interface
       product: RT2561/RT61 802.11g PCI
       vendor: Ralink corp.
       physical id: 1
       bus info: pci@0000:04:01.0
       logical name: wlan0
       version: 00
       serial: 00:1a:ef:03:00:aa
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless

Alternatives that may work for others with a similar problem are:

Put the bash script below in your /etc/pm/sleep.d folder
with a name like 99_wifiup.

NOTE: The 99_ is needed where the 99 is the highest number in the folder to ensure it runs last.

You'll need to insure that the script has execute permissions and you'll need superuser (sudo) permissions to write the file there.
Once in place every time you come out of suspend it will run.

#!/bin/bash

case "$1" in
suspend | hibernate)
# executed on suspend
;;
resume | thaw)
# executed on resume
/usr/sbin/rfkill block all
/usr/sbin/rfkill unblock all
/sbin/iwlist wlan0 scan
;;
*)
;;
esac

If that doesn't work it should be worth exploring modifying the script to issue the commands nmcli networking off on suspend and nmcli networking on on thaw.

If none of these solutions work for you and you notice other anomalies you may have a faulty WiFi adapter or perhaps this bug has been resurrected.

Sources:

Modified /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf and /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules on one of my systems.

Mickeypop post #9 https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2321399

man nmcli

https://gist.github.com/jcberthon/ea8cfe278998968ba7c5a95344bc8b55


How to use packages.ubuntu.com like apt-file search for different releases?

install html2text:

sudo apt-get install html2text

paste the following function in your .bashrc:

apt-file-remote()
{
    pattern="$1"
    release="$2"
    if [ -z "$release" ]; then
        release="$(lsb_release -c -s)"
    fi
    wget "http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?searchon=contents&keywords=$pattern&mode=filename&suite=$release" -qO- |
    html2text -width 999 | grep --color=never '^/'
}

Restart your shell or open a new terminal

Run it with the pattern as first argument then the release code name (optional, default is current release):

$ apt-file-remote com.canonical.unity utopic
/etc/dbus-1/system.d/com.canonical.Unity.Greeter.Broadcast.conf                 unity-greeter-session-broadcast
[...]
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/com.canonical.Unity.Thumbnailer.gschema.xml         thumbnailer-service
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/com.canonical.Unity.gschema.xml                     unity-schemas
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/com.canonical.unity-greeter.gschema.xml             unity-greeter
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/com.canonical.unity-gtk-module.gschema.xml          unity-gtk-module-common
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/com.canonical.unity.clickscope.gschema.xml          unity-scope-click
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/com.canonical.unity.webapps.gschema.xml             unity-webapps-service
/var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.canonical.unity.webapps.pkla   unity-webapps-common

Thanks to this function I've found that:

/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/com.canonical.Unity.Thumbnailer.gschema.xml

was only installed as of Utopic.

Notes:

I use -width 999 as by default html2text renders output using 80 columns which may break some names into 2 lines.
It's actually faster than a local apt-file search -i


How to burn multiple mp3 tracks to a series of plain audio CDs

This apparent feature of Brasero is not working for a long time. This bug report on Launchpad was filed back in 2011 and filed as "Expired" in july 2018.

It may not be obvious to find graphical CD burning software that automatically creates multiple audio CD's from many audio files. With some scripting involving the appropriate command line tools, it is possible to achieve automated "mass burning" of many mp3 files to many audio CD's. Unless such a script already exists, you will have to make it yourself.


The number one reason I've seen for this is a configuration option in SSHD UseDNS this option (enabled by default) causes the server to perform DNS resolution on the incoming requests. A time consuming operation. I've seen logins go from one minute plus waiting for password prompt to under a few seconds. If you edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config on the server and add (if it's not there) at the bottom UseDNS no then restart the SSH daemon with service ssh restart you should see an improvement next time you connect.


Display problems when running ubuntu 18.04 on Dell XPS 9570

I just got mine and had the same issue.

The solution to random color lines is to upgrade to the newest kernel, it is very easy using Ukuu.

Also install latest nVidia driver.

This didn't solve ALL the problems I have so far but I am still working on it...
Other problems I have related to nVidia video card:

Fans making noise
Does not wake up from sleep mode
Slow UI rendering (you can see it even when you move windows across the screen)

I know that these are related to nVidia video card because as I switch to Intel video card they are gone. You can try that by issuing this command: sudo prime-select intel, if you want to switch back - sudo prime-select nvidia. This requires reboot.

Good luck.


Run the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:makson96/fglrx
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install fglrx-legacy

And restart your computer.

Do note that these packages are not officially supported by Ubuntu, so use them at your own risk. If something goes wrong, you can purge the packages by running following commands:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:makson96/fglrx


The file you are searching for under /usr/share/applications is debian-xterm.desktop.

Anyway, you don't actually need to copy this to your home directory, unless you don't have (or you cannot gain) the rights in order to write to this file.

If you have the rights to write to that file, open a terminal (or hit Alt+F2) and give:

gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/debian-xterm.desktop

Once gedit opens, head to the Exec field and place, instead of xterm, your entry: xterm -bg black -fg white -fn 10x20. Save the file and you are done.

If you don't (or you cannot gain) write permissions there, copy that file to your home directory (~/.local/share/applications/), edit it there, and you are done!


mount: you must specify the filesystem type

You need to add the -t FILESYSTEMTYPE argument to the command, replacing FILESYSTEMTYPE with your filesystem type. This specifies the filesystem type of the filesystem to be mounted. In your case, this would be /dev/sdb2. Some common, valid filesystem types are:

auto - this is a special one. It will try to guess the fs type when you use this.
ext4 - this is probably the most common Linux fs type of the last few years
ext3 - this is the most common Linux fs type from a couple years back
ntfs - this is the most common Windows fs type or larger external hard drives
vfat - this is the most common fs type used for smaller external hard drives
exfat - is also a file system option commonly found on USB flash drives and other external drives


Yup pomsky, you are correct!!!
Thanks!

Why don't gksu/gksudo or launching a graphical application with sudo work with Wayland?

xhost si:localuser:root
sudo gparted
xhost -si:localuser:root


Cannot Remove Microsoft Office 2007 icons

Friends, I finally sorted out this weird problem. As soon as I deleted the contents of /home/username/.local/share/applications/wine
the icons were gone!
But anyways, thanks a lot for giving me hints. Your comments helped me sort out this problem!


Split network traffic between two nic depending on app?

Configure bind-address-ipv4 to eth0's local ip and rpc-bind-address to eth1's local ip in settings.json.


Snap seems to have copied everything twice? Is it OK to delete one copy?

When updating, snap keeps a previous version around. So it is normal you find two instances of a specific snap.
By design, you unfortunately cannot set snap to not retain a previous version. You can retain more version if you wish by changing a refresh-retain option.
You can always remove a specific snap version with a command, but to automatically remove the backup copies of all snaps, you could use a script.


At last... The trouble was caused by OPcache, I just deleted the config ini and now its working :)


tar is reasonably smart. When told to archive special nodes like /dev/{zero,urandom,...}, it stores the Major and Minor device numbers (as used in mknod command) required to create those files:

$ tar cf foo.tar /dev/zero
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
$ tar tvf foo.tar
crw-rw-rw- root/root       1,5 2016-12-25 13:06 dev/zero
$ tar xf foo.tar
tar: dev/zero: Cannot mknod: Operation not permitted
tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors

It also doesn't archive block devices directly. See How to convince tar (etc.) to archive block device contents?


Backing up Thunderbird from one laptop to another with RSync?

Apparantly rsync does not resolve /~.  If I change the example to this:
rsync -vaz /home/ole/.thunderbird ole@192.168.1.21:/home/ole/

It works.


The Wubi Guide on the Ubuntu wiki (manual uninstall section) gives some hints on how to edit the Windows Boot Manager boot order in Vista and XP.

In Windows Vista you can either use EasyBCD or modify the boot menu via Control Panel (Classic View) > System > Advanced system settings; then choose "Settings..." under Startup and Recovery.

In Windows XP, edit C:\boot.ini.

According to this Wubi HowTo, the default OS can be changed in Windows 7 by going to Control Panel > Advanced System Settings, and in the Default operating system drop-down selecting Ubuntu instead of Windows.


Open a terminal and execute:

file filename.iso-tpb

If it's a .iso it will show something like:

ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data


I had the exact same problem and found a working solution (for me). Original information from this blog: http://jechem.blogspot.be/2011/04/fix-plymouth-splash-screen-in-ubuntu-on.html

First install hwinfo by running the following command:

sudo apt-get install v86d hwinfo

After the installation run the following command and note down the highest resolution:

sudo hwinfo --framebuffer

For me this was Mode 0x0361: 1280x800 (+5120), 24 bits, next edit the following file:

gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

This will open the GRUB config file, we now look for GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" and change it with the following, change your resolution with mine and also add the color depth (for me 24 could be 16 or 32).

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset video=uvesafb:mode_option=1280x800-24,mtrr=3,scroll=ywrap"

Then find the following line (uncomment if needed) and change your resolution again, note that you don't include the color depth:

GRUB_GFXMODE=1280x800

Save and exit, next edit the following file:

gksu gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules

Scroll to the end of the file and add the following line, again add your resolution and the colordepth like you did before:

uvesafb mode_option=1280x800-24 mtrr=3 scroll=ywrap

Then in the terminal type the following commands and then reboot:

echo FRAMEBUFFER=y | sudo tee /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash
sudo update-grub
sudo update-initramfs -u

For me this fixed the problem, I tried all the other suggestions and scripts, none of them worked but this does, good luck!


How to change TTY resolution after boot?

«… If one does wish to use and explore the framebuffer, the 'fbset' command allows one to change several settings of the framebuffer on the fly. sudo apt-get install fbset …»


Lenovo Z70 wifi with 14.04.2 and kernel 3.16 not working

Your very new device, Qualcomm Atheros Device [168c:003e], is covered in the mainline kernel version 4.0: http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.0-vivid/ The module ath10k_pci covers the subject device:

modinfo ath10k_pci
filename:       /lib/modules/4.0.1-040001-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath10k/ath10k_pci.ko
firmware:       ath10k/QCA988X/hw2.0/board.bin
firmware:       ath10k/QCA988X/hw2.0/firmware-3.bin
firmware:       ath10k/QCA988X/hw2.0/firmware-2.bin
firmware:       ath10k/QCA988X/hw2.0/firmware.bin
license:        Dual BSD/GPL
description:    Driver support for Atheros QCA988X PCIe devices
author:         Qualcomm Atheros
srcversion:     837C8B320227AB6A933D58D
alias:          pci:v0000168Cd0000003Esv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v0000168Cd0000003Csv*sd*bc*sc*i*
<snip>

As you can see, the driver requires firmware. My default 15.04 install includes most of it. If firmware is an issue, according to dmesg, I suggest you do:

sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/sumdog/ath10k-firmware.git
cd ath10k-firmware/ath10k
sudo cp -r QCA6174/  /lib/firmware/ath10k

Correct the permissions of the files:

sudo chmod +x /lib/firmware/ath10k/QCA6174/hw2.1/*

Now unload and reload the driver:

sudo modprobe -r ath10k_pci  &&  sudo modprobe ath10k_pci

And check:

dmesg | grep ath

I have been unable to find cal-pci-000:03:0.0.bin anywhere, nor any method to extract it by any means. I did read that a module parameter may help. Let's try:

sudo -i
echo "options ath10k_core skip_otp=y"  >  /etc/modprobe.d/ath10k_core.conf
exit

Reboot. Check as above.

If you need guidance about how to install the 4.0 kernel, please check here: http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2015/04/upgrade-to-linux-kernel-4-0-in-ubuntu/


Yes, I had the same laptop with Intel® Core™ i5-4210U. It worked well.


Install Lubuntu the same way you installed Ubuntu by booting from a bootable USB or disk.

When it comes to the partitioning section, choose "Something Else".

Check off your Ubuntu partitions to be used as root (/) as well as any other partitions you used previously such as /home and swap.  Check the boxes to format the old Ubuntu partitions.  If you had a separate partition for your /home directory, you can leave it intact to access your files and reuse by not formatting it, or format it as well, that is up to you.

Choose to install grub on your boot drive, selecting the drive itself and not a particular partitions, IE /dev/sda not /dev/sda1.  Continue with the installation as per normal install.

You can simply install Lubuntu desktop, however, this takes more drive space, and leave many Ubuntu apps on your system.  Since you don't care about the Ubuntu files, it's best to wipe the partitions and reinstall with a clean system.


How to install Xfce without xubuntu-desktop or ubuntustudio-desktop

To install Xfce 4.10 (the newest version of this desktop environment) on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS you should follow these steps:

Add the ppa that will allow you to install the Xfce 4.10:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.10

Update the system:

sudo apt-get update

Install Xfce 4.10:

sudo apt-get install xfce4


Is there a way to block installations of programs on Ubuntu?

Installing software from Ubuntu software center requires the admin password.
Installation for software outside the home of the user generally requires the admin password.

So do not give them the admin password.

https://askubuntu.com/a/142302/15811 to block anyone except certain users from using `apt-get.

Putting files in the home directory is basically not installing and you more than likely can not stop anyone from downloading a file, putting it in a newly created directory and have them unpack it there (and use it from there).

To avoid people downloading and running programs from "Home" you could change /etc/fstab, adding the noexec parameter to the partition.

And also: what is wrong asking them to ask you to install software if they need something ;)


Touchpad not working on HP Pavilion X2 12

I figured this out! Here is what I did:

sudo -H gedit /etc/modules

Add hid_generic at the bottom of that file.
Save and close.

sudo -H gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Add blacklist hid_rmi at the bottom of that file.
Save and close.

sudo update-initramfs -u
sudo echo 3 06cb 7d29 1 | sudo tee /sys/module/hid_generic/drivers/hid\:hid-generic/new_id

The numbers in the above command correspond to the dmesg output for my device. This will load and use the less advanced hid-generic instead of hid_rmi. It won't handle gestures and such, but for me that is ok. All I need is move, click and scroll.

Hopefully a future update will fix hid_rmi for this device too, allowing more advanced functions.

To make the change permanent I did this:

sudo -H gedit /etc/rc.local

Add the line

echo 3 06cb 7d29 1 | tee /sys/module/hid_generic/drivers/hid\:hid-generic/new_id

above exit 0. Save and exit, and run

sudo chmod 755 /etc/rc.local

Now it works after every boot.


From man bash:
Aliases allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as the first
word of a simple  command.The shell maintains a list of aliases that may be
set and unset with the alias and unalias builtin commands (see SHELL BUILTIN
COMMANDS below). The first word of each simple command, if unquoted, is checked
to see if it has an alias. If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias.

The first word in your command screen -S S1_Screen -m server1 is screen, not server1!


Dialog box prompting to enter the password on startup

You are using gnome-keyring (vault passwords for programs). Login to gdm unlocked base gnome-keyring, and if autologin base gnome-keyring to unlock accounts manually after autologin.

You can disable the use of gnome-keyring in programs that store passwords in it. Or change to another method of storing passwords in these programs (eg: base64 or plain)