How to create a bootable USB with multiple ISO images in it

Creating and installing Multiple Distros in to USB / Pendrive involves two parts:-

Creating Multiple Live distro Using Multicd.sh. From the link:

"After googling around for few days i found this useful script from www.multicd.tuxfamily.org. Multicd.sh is a shell script written by maybeway36 which enables two or more Live Linux distros / utilities to be able to boot from single CD/DVD. It is really very simple to create multi Live Linux distro in a single disc. Create a folder in your home folder and name it as multicd. Put all the live Linux iso images along with multicd.sh script inside multicd folder. Close the window. Open terminal and give the following commands

cd multicd
chmod +x multicd*.sh
sudo ./multicd*.sh

Above commands will execute multicd.sh. While executing, this script will download few packages from Internet and make a new iso image called multicd.iso for you inside multicd folder. Check the size of multicd.iso image file. If it exceeds more than 700 mb then you must insert DVD to write it. Choose burn image option from your favorite image burning software to write multicd.iso file. Upon reboot, with the CD/DVD present inside CD/DVD drive, new GRUB will display list of live distros available in the disc. Choose your favorite one to login...

Note: When you download any Linux iso image from internet it will look like this "ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386" but this has to be renamed as ubuntu.iso (inside multicd folder). Presently this script supports 20 live distros. List of Live Linux distros supported in this script are given below (and the names accepted by this script are on the right side of each distro)."

There's a list of distro's on the blog page.

Installing Multiple Live distro in to a USB / Pendrive.

UNetbootin  allows you to create bootable Live USB drives for Ubuntu, Fedora, and other Linux distributions without burning a CD. It runs on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. You can either let UNetbootin download one of the many distributions supported out-of-the-box for you, or supply your own Linux .iso file if you've already downloaded one or your preferred distribution isn't on the list.

Support amongst others: Ubuntu (and official derivatives) 8.04 LTS 9.10 10.04 LTS 10.10 11.04 Daily CD Images, Fedora 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, Rawhide and lots lots more.

If you look at them image you can choose distro's or download ISO's yourself and add them or add a custom. And you can set this up on a hard disc or a USB flash drive.

I hope it is enough information but there is a lot more info on this blog.


Can I get the bookmark button back into the bookmarks bar in Firefox?

As far I as can see the Firefox's Bookmark button will show up if you have the Menu b
Bar hidden.
Sou you can try the following.
Disable the global menu and Hide the Menu Bar to enable the button.
1) Open Firefox and type about:config in the address bar, then click to confirm in "I'll be careful, I promise"

Search the key "ui.use_unity_menubar" and select it , then double click to change the value from true to false

2) Right click in the firefox window and "uncheck" Menu Bar.

After that you should have the Firefox Button instead the menubar, and the Bookmarks button will appears.

Then Right click and select "Customize.." to drag the Bookmarks button from you Navigation Toolbar  to your Bookmarks toolbar.

Finally you can go to "about:config" and enable the "ui.use_unity_menubar" key to display the unity global menu.
Firefox addon.
Install the following addon named Classic Bookmarks Button.
1) Install the Classic Bookmarks Button and restart Firefox.
2) Right click and select "Customize..".

Drag the Bookmarks Button to your Navigation or Bookmarks Toolbar.

In Navigation Toolbar:

Or in Bookmarks Toolbar:

Hope it helps!


When will ratings and review for Ubuntu Software Center start?

Ratings and reviews have now landed in the current development release of 11.04.
Keep in mind that, normally, no major updates are performed within one release. In almost every case, updates are "Stable Release Updates" (SRUs). But see the second part for what will hopefully be an exception in February. :)

(Image by omgubuntu)
Software-Center's Launchpad Project  page also has instructions on how to try the latest development version, if you want to check out what's currently going on:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:software-store-developers/daily-build
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

This is experimental, unreleased software. If you do decide to try it out, and you encounter a problem, Report a Bug  - after making sure it hasn't been reported already.

The ubuntu software centre in Maverick will get ratings and reviews in February 2011, according to it's page in the Ubuntu Wiki

We plan to release Ubuntu Software Center 3.2 for Ubuntu 10.10, with one new feature:

Rating and reviewing software, and seeing ratings and reviews submitted by other Ubuntu users.

Many thanks to @NES for keeping us up to date on it!


Changing to a lower screen resolution without stretching

Try first setting scaling mode on the display to "Full aspect"

xrandr --output LVDS --set "scaling mode" "Full aspect"

or

xrandr --output LVDS --set PANEL_FITTING full_aspect

After this change your resolution

xrandr -s 1024x768

This works with lenovo E330 laptop with intel gpu.

Options for scaling mode are: "Full", "Center" or "Full aspect".


How to get rid of the background gradient of the inline GtkToolbar?

Here we go:

First you need to find the default background color for the the current theme. Then you can inject it into the current css for the GtkToolbar class.

# Get the default window background color for the the current theme.
win_style_context = window.get_style_context()
bg = win_style_context.lookup_color('theme_bg_color')[1].to_string()

# Then we set that as the background for GtkToolbar
# We also make the boarder transparent
css_provider = Gtk.CssProvider()
toolbar_css = ".inline-toolbar.toolbar { background: %s; border-color: transparent; }" % (bg)
css_provider.load_from_data(toolbar_css.encode('UTF-8'))
screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
win_style_context.add_provider_for_screen(screen, css_provider,
                                          Gtk.STYLE_PROVIDER_PRIORITY_APPLICATION)

Note that you need to from gi.repository import Gdk


It is not possible to boot windows from grub rescue prompt. Grub rescue contains very few commands which allow you to load modules (e.g. from a grub rescue disk).

So you need a bootable medium. If you have access to any other system build a bootable usb of windows 7 media or other boot cds like BartPE, Hirens boot CD or may be use boot-repair-disk

Boot using windows 7 media/ boot-repair-disk and perform startup repair.


USB devices disappear after Ubuntu 16.10

I was able to solve a similar problem (in my case with a usb sound card which would disconnect after working for a few seconds, bricking the port to which it was connected) by installing a more up-to-date kernel:

4.9.0-040900rc3-generic

I simply downloaded the .deb file for my architecture from, http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/ and installed it with the software updater.

After rebooting, the usb device was back to its normal behavior.


Missing Internet Connection Icon on my toolbar

Right click a Panel hover your mouse over panel click on panel preferences. click on the items tab click on the green + button Search for Indicator Plugin select it and click add.


Most motherboards have an option to launch a boot manager at boot time, typically by pressing a function key (F8, F10, and F12 are all reasonably common). On many UEFI systems, this boot loader includes separate BIOS (aka legacy) and EFI/UEFI boot options for optical discs. Thus, my first recommendation is to try using this built-in boot manager.

Another option may be to disable your firmware's BIOS/legacy boot option. From your description, it sounds like you've found this option and tried setting it to BIOS/legacy mode, but if the option was set to "auto" before, setting it to "EFI" or "UEFI" might get things working.

You could also try installing rEFInd on a USB flash drive and boot from it. rEFInd should scan your system for EFI-bootable media, including optical discs, and enable you to boot them in EFI mode. The trouble is installing to the flash drive is an extra bother, and you might not have any better luck getting rEFInd to launch than you're having with the Ubuntu disc.

A fourth option is to create a USB-bootable version of the Ubuntu installer and try booting from it.


Is it normal for multiple processes of GNOME-shell to show up in top/htop?

They are probably threads. Are they consecutive PIDs, and show up in branches under one gnome-shell process when you run ps fx|grep gnome-shell?

This is quite common when a process fork/execs or uses multiple threads.


20.04 LTS OneDrive Issues Linking account

I had the same issue. I tried to install onedrive using sudo apt install onedrive and building it myself from the repository https://github.com/skilion/onedrive.
BUT the 'skilion' repo was abandoned in 2018 and contains many defects.
The latest and maintained code of onedrive for linux can be found here: https://github.com/abraunegg/onedrive. I followed the instructions from there and installed onedrive under Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and now it works like a charm :)


OK so I think your launch command might be invalid. Say you want to launch ~/Downloads/CLion/clion.sh, that would not be a valid Alacarte command. You need to first put it in quotes: "~/Downloads/CLion/clion.sh", and then add %f on the end after the quotes.

"~/Downloads/CLion/clion.sh" %f should do the trick. Also make sure that the file is allowed to execute. To do this:

Right click on the file and click properties.
Select the permissions tab and enable "allow executing file as program"

Hope this helps.


Install mythtv. It is a television recording/watching program with many features and network sharing.


How do I switch between console mode and GUI in 17.10 and newer?

The actual used tty consoles have changed around with the introduction of Wayland and 17.10. Now tty1 always contains the login screen, and tty2 contains your actual loaded session.

So use Ctrl+Alt+F3 up to Ctrl+Alt+F7 for getting to an actual unused tty and use Ctrl+Alt+F2 to go back to GUI.

From the 17.10 Release Notes:

  GDM has replaced LightDM as the default display manager. The login screen now uses virtual terminal 1 instead of virtual terminal 7.

Also see Why is my GDM at a different TTY than my desktop environment? for more about the origin of this change.


It is there. Only thing is, You don’t have any app which is using it. Install any Voip you ll see its working.
Or You can try

lspci

This command will give detailed picture of your hardware which was installed.


How do I install wacom drivers for Lenovo X200 tablet on ubuntu 12?

Please excuse my comment as an answer, I don't have enough reputation to add a comment.

Welcome to the world of Linux based operating systems! Listing your Wacom tablet model will help get you a better answer. If you want to stick with an older operating system you will probably have to install the driver for your tablet from http://linuxwacom.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page?/ (Depending on your tablet model).

What makes you think the hardware in the laptop may be disconnected internally?

You may also want to consider installing Ubuntu 14.04 or 14.10 if possible.


How to make a copy of torrent to FTP location after download completion

You can use Transmission BitTorrent client's option of running a script of your choice after completion of the download.
Here is one approach:

Create a script to take the name of the latest file/directory in a folder as  its argument
Next, add the command to copy this latest file/directory to your FTP server. You can take help from this: FTP file transfer automated bash script
Ask Transmission client to run this script every time a download is completed using its built-in option.

Hope this helps.


Updating ubuntu-core snappy without internet connection

Like any snap, you can directly download them unauthenticated from the store (this is what sudo snap install ubuntu-core does). https://wiki.ubuntu.com/AppStore/Interfaces/ClickPackageIndex#Snap-specific_endpoints should be a start if you don't want to use the command line to get access to it. Come on #snappy on freenode, some store guy should be able to give you the exact details on how to retrieve those snaps.


I see your using Advanced Settings to change your theme.
What you have done is selcted your GTK Theme (that is the correct thing to do.).

You also need to change the Windows theme from "Ambiance" to "A New Start" also.

It is the second dropbox down in your screenshot.


installing libatlas-base-dev  solved the problem.


Logitech Master MX 2S app specific settings

I tried using https://github.com/bulletmark/libinput-gestures
on my laptop,but it did not fix my touchpad anyway,
so I got message "libinput helper tools do not seem to be installed?"
I looked at /etc/libinput-gestures.conf file and you can try to add your device
mouse if you find it by command :
libinput list-devices

  I am not sure if that answers your question, but this project maybe is not for your device.


How can I report key binding bug into launchpad?

In general

The best way to find out how to report your bug is to search launchpad to see if your bug is already reported. You'll likely find similar bugs and you can look in those to see what package to use. And you have the added advantage of knowing that your bug hasn't yet been reported.

In your case

I don't know if I understand you correctly, but if there's some problem with F10, maybe this bug is related?

Or is your bug that ubuntu is missing a global keybinding manager? As of 11.10, that manager seems to be the Keyboard settings in System Settings.

Of course, you can also install Compiz Config Settings Manager. And there are some things that it can do and the other cannot. But I think that's simply because ccsm is the advanced version of the tool.


File manager opens twice in Ubuntu 14.04

This is a known bug that has yet to be fixed. You can view the bug report here. A workaround is to hover over the nautilus icon and use the scroll wheel on the mouse. Or Alt+Tab should also work.


Is there an official list of trusted Ubuntu system processes?

I really wouldn't place much confidence in the "trusted lists" your mentioning. I used to work with a company that used a website that listed "trusted processes" for windows through automatic generation. It was very imprecise and its sole purpose was to to get users to buy their products so they could "fix" the user's computer.

If canonical maintains such a list i am not aware of it - but i think its very hard and very impractical for such a list to exist.


How to install librtaudio6 on Ubuntu LTS 16.04.3

You can download the package from bionic manually and install it:

cd ~/Downloads
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/r/rtaudio/librtaudio6_5.0.0~ds-2_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install ./librtaudio6_5.0.0~ds-2_amd64.deb

This will result in:

$ dpkg -S librtaudio.so.6
librtaudio6:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librtaudio.so.6
librtaudio6:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librtaudio.so.6.0.0

Note: usually this method is not recommended, but while using it you do not need to recompile/rewrite source code of your application.


where can I get linux-image-4.9.18-040918-generic-dbgsym?

The dbgsym packages are, for the most part, generated during the packaging build process, as debug symbols that are extra in addition to the standard build process.  That said, the Kernel mainline repository very likely doesn't build those packages, which is why they're not present.

My guess is that you'd have to talk to the kernel team to see if they can start building the dbgsym packages; it's entirely possible that entire repository and the kernel source isn't configured to build those packages.

However, given that the Kernel Team has specifically said "We don't provide any support for these", my guess is there won't be any dbgsym packages any time soon.


How to remove the password of the SD card in ubuntu 12.04

I am assuming you are looking to crack the SD card, so recovering the password will work fine as well. Luckily, this is pretty easy for most SD cards since it is stored in plain text. You should be able to just follow the instructions posted here to gain the access you require.

Steps

Put your SD card in your card reader
Mount your SD card by running sudo mount /dev/mmcblk0 from Terminal
Open up the SD card in your file manager
Find a file called MMCSTORE and copy it
Paste it wherever you want
Open it with your text editor
Now, you should see your password in plain text

How it Works

This works because by copy-pasting the MMCSTORE file you can gain read-write access to the pasted version. So, you can simply open the file and view it's contents. For more information, view this webpage.


Is it possible to pass passwords on a shell script?

By "entering passwords", you likely mean entering data without being visible for the user.

(suggested by geirha) When using bash, you can use the -s option to prevent typed characters from being displayed:

read -p "Password please: " -s pass

Alternatively, change the behavior of the terminal to hide typed characters with stty -echo (disable echo). After reading the password with the shell built-in read into a variable (in the below example, $pass), turn it back on with stty echo. Because the new line from Enter is hidden to, you've to print a newline to get future output on a new line.

stty -echo
read -p "Password please: " pass
stty echo
printf '\n'

read and printf are shell built-ins. stty is provided by the coreutils package which is installed by default. That means that this snippet is very portable.

Note: the -p option is not standard, but from bash. If you need to display a prompt in other shells, use:

printf "Password please: "
stty -echo
read pass
stty echo
printf '\n'

References:

Manual page of stty
Manual page of bash


I'm moorkai. I received a few e-mails with complaints about the PPA not being usable, but I really didn't expect so much users will try to install Cinnamon from my PPA ... and fail due to my sloppiness. I guess I deserve the bashing from the commenters then. I am sincerely sorry for all the inconvenience caused. I had some issues with the Launchpad system refusing my uploads, but I'll provide a (hopefully) adequate workaround. If everything goes well, the packages ought to be up in less than a few hours.


Any chance that a kernel update has disabled the vbox guest additions? Do you tried reinstalling the guest additions?


Deleted the .wine folder and lost all my data

I'm facing the same problem as you did. Since the .wine folder are actually linked with Documents folder, it's probably gone. However, you can try to recover some of the files by referring to this page http://www.webupd8.org/2009/03/recover-deleted-files-in-ubuntu-debian.html. Hope it can help.


Why won't Remmina connect to Windows 7 Remote Desktop?

Make sure port 3389 is opened on your firewall and router.

In Remmina edit your connection, click the "Advanced" tab and choose RDP under the "Security" option and save.


Huawei K4203i data card is not connecting to Internet in Ubuntu 14.04

You need to switch modem to modem+card reader mode.

You can do it by running in terminal

echo -e 'AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;10,12,13,A2"\r' | sudo tee  /dev/ttyUSB0

Then re-plug the modem, and wait for 20-30 seconds.

Mobile connection option should appear in Network Manager menu. You will be able to setup connection.

Note: After this setting "Mobile Partner" in Windows will not work in Windows. If you need to use the modem in Windows, then setup a telephone connection there or reset the modem to factory settings by

echo -e 'AT^SETPORT="A1,A2;12,16,A1,A2"\r' | sudo tee /dev/ttyUSB0

It is also possible to use this modem in "Network Card" mode in Ubuntu, but you will need to setup connections in CLI.


Decoding failed and unknown chip XID 641 errors when trying to dual boot Ubuntu 20.04 with Windows 10

Use the search engine of your choice to look for the r8169 error message you got, and you'll find the answer. RTL8125B support comes with kernel 5.9 only.


OpenVPN Logs "IP Packet with unknown IP version=15"

I have seen this error when comp-lzo was enabled on the client, but disabled on the server.


Can't boot to Ubuntu 13.04 after installing

You have two 500 GB hard drives. It seems like there are multiple windows systems installed on the first drive (sda1, sda2, sda3), and a Ubuntu system on the second drive (sdb6). To reach the GRUB menu, you simply need to set your BIOS to boot from the second HDD, as boot-repair told you, because GRUB is installed in the MBR of sdb.


“unable to find a medium containing a live file system” with SSD

Taken from here.

Lenovo verified that it's the current BIOS 1.65.  Version 1.66 is in development and fixes the problem.  We can revert to version 1.62 to temporarily allow Ubuntu to work.

I can verify downgrading to 1.62 fixed it.  You can download here.


Looking at your options listed, they are not so dissimilar to mine with the exception of the the inclusion of -W which is a setting for copying whole files.

You can see the whole list of settings here:

But you could well be right; the fact that they are links rather than files could be critical to the success or otherwise of the operation.

Best advice is to set up test beds to see how you can capture the files you are looking to backup. Ticking option boxes creates the switches required in Grsync so you can easily check what you have set by them. Choose: File > Rsync command line (or Alt + R) rather than running the sessions which might do some destructive damage if options are not chosen carefully.


Event Viewer and Device Manager for Ubuntu?

If you aren't looking for a GUI, the equivalent of Device Manager would be the three ls commands:

lshw
lspci
lsusb

Note that lshw is a superset of lspci and lsusb, so you can use the Hardware Lister (lshw-gtk) GUI.

To view the logs, there is a GUI application called System Log usually installed in Ubuntu by default.


How to fix Ubuntu 13.10 locking up due to disk IO

Apparently psusi was correct, and I was swapping like mad. I managed it by closing chrome tabs as soon as I noticed the symptoms and limiting the memory consumption of some programs I had running (as far as was possible).

Eventually I figured out a better solution. The real culprit was likely that my system did not have any swap partition (for some reason not automatically created during installation). Now that I've created one everything seems to be fine.


Is laptop-mode-tools still relevant on 13.04?

No. pm-powersave now takes care of that functionality.
The relevant files are:

/usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/laptop-mode
/usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/95hdparm-apm

http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/raring/man8/pm-powersave.8.html

Also, see the comprehensive answer here:  Is "laptop-mode-tools" still relevant for 12.04 and the 3.x kernels?


You can use bumblebee, but the graphics performance of the dedicated GT555M will not be very good, but it will be still much better than the integrated graphics.
You can also just install nvidia-current or nvidia-experimental-310 (that one has much better performance) and remove Nouveau.

The problem is that you have to choose between battery life and graphics performance, because there is no way how to make Optimus technology fully working on Linux, because Nvidia won't make optimus drivers for linux.

And if you are asking about games compatibility, you can use Wine, or play games specially created (or ported) for linux (and list of these games is getting bigger, because of Steam for Linux)


Any Ubuntu 16.04 LTS compatible Bluetooth keyboard mouse combos?

Personally, I have yet to find a Bluetooth mouse or keyboard that doesn't work in Linux. And that's saying something - I've used many Bluetooth input devices let the years. So you can rest pretty well assured that any one you choose, even if not marketed as Linux-compatible, will be.


Can't connect (ssh, ftp,... timeout) to one computer on LAN (ping possible)

The first thing to do is ensure that all of these services are running. I'm pretty familiar with debugging SSH so I'll use this as an example; but the same would apply to any protocol.

1 - check the service is running. It's obvious, but sometimes things don't start, for whatever reason. Run sudo service ssh start to ensure the service is running.

2 - check there's no firewall active (or that SSH access is allowed). If you're running on a desktop installation there's no firewall installed by default (as Ubuntu doesn't ship with any network-listening services enabled by default), but if there is (or if you're using ubuntu server), check the status of the firewall by using sudo ufw status (viewing the status of the firewall needs root access).

3 - see what another machine sees. Use a portscanning utility, such as nmap to make sure that the services are running and listening. nmap [IP address] will portscan the given IP and tell you what services are running. Note - you should run this from another machine to be sure that you're seeing what's actually accessible.

From this you'll be able to figure out where the trouble is being caused.


Stream Mixxx headphone output via IceCast

I've figured out how to set up IceCast2 for the master and stream from there, but the latency is far too much (roughly 7s what I've measured). So this isn't going to work. If someone knows a way to do something like this with much lower latency (at the very least <1s, but something like 100ms is more reasonable), that would be a solution.


Error in pip: unsupported operand type(s) for -=: 'Retry' and 'int'

I fixed that problem on my own. I just reinstalled the pip.

First of all I uninstalled the pip

sudo apt-get remove --purge python-pip
sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get autoclean && sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update

after that I just reinstalled the pip

sudo apt-get install python-pip
sudo pip install requests

and it works.


Gnome has moved away from the let-the-user-customize-it approach, since Unity is built from Gnome it also encompasses this new ideal.

Option #1:
You can run an older version of Ubuntu such as 10.10 which was the final release of Ubuntu to utilize the old style gnome (Gnome2.32), but beware the repos have been moved so you will need to reconfigure you apt list to install software from the Ubuntu repos. This release isn't supported anymore, so it no longer receives bug fixes or security updates, and therefore is not an advised option.

Option #2:
You can install a different desktop environment like KDE, or XFCE. I prefer KDE myself but XFCE has a fairly Gnome2 like appearance so it may be more to your liking. If you want to try these you can install them from apt or you can download Kubuntu or Xubuntu which are the official ubuntu projects that utilize those desktop environments rather than Unity.

Option #3:
You can install a different desktop environment that is branched from the Gnome project such as MATE which is built from the Gnome2 code. I found Mate had some serious bugs, but all projects do in the beginning, it may since have improved, and has quite a fan base. There are also some others like Cinnamon to consider.

Option #4:
You can give Unity a try, maybe you'll like it? I don't.


Enable/Disable Lock Screen.
To disable Lock screen using GUI, just follow this:
Settings -> Privacy -> Screen Lock -> change 'Automatic Screen Lock' to 'Off'

Figure-1: Disable screen lock using Settings GUI
To disable Lock screen through command line permanently, issue the following commands:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver lock-enabled false
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.lockdown disable-lock-screen true

Figure-2: Disable screen lock and "Screen Lock window" is also made inaccessible
The first command disables Screen Lock (refer small red box in figure-2). The second command makes Screen Lock window permanently inaccessible and no body can touch it even through Settings GUI (refer large red box in figure-2).
If you are unhappy with the new setting, you can reverse it using following command:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver lock-enabled true

Figure-3: Enables screen lock but "Screen Lock window" is still inaccessible
This command enables Screen Lock again (refer small red box in figure-3). Note that the Screen Lock window is still inaccessible (refer large red box in figure-3).
To enable Screen Lock window access by Settings GUI
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.lockdown disable-lock-screen false

Figure-4: The "Screen Lock window" is now accessible
After the execution of command, the Screen Lock window is now accessible through Settings GUI (refer large red box in figure-4).


You can easily change any installed program in your Ubuntu using "Main Menu" (package name is "alacarte"). You can download it from Software Center by typing "Main Menu" and then:

Run "Main Menu" program.
From right panel called "Menus" find your program and select it in "Items" panel.
Click on properties button.
From showed dialogue select icon button that located on top left.
Finally browse the location of your new icon in your file system.

After doing above steps you will see your new icon in Unity launcher and panel.

Have a nice time.


When setting up the share, check the "Guest access (for people without a user account)" option.

If guest access is not checked, you will need to provide the user name and password of a user on the Ubuntu source machine who has access to that file.

Note: Please use a share name up to 11 characters long and preferably without spaces for universal compatibility.


It seems to first install resolvconf to make the settings permanent.
The mentioned file is created by this package.

sudo apt install resolvconf

fixed the problem.


Reduced computer performance when AC power is plugged in on a Dell Latitude 5420

Please try to customize the parameters for both modes (baterry/charger) with this tool:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/jupiter
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jupiter

This tool also resolve the problem with the excesive baterry consumption present en kernels 2.6.38-3.1.x-3.2.x.


Is there 2 options to install mysql? and Have Ubuntu decided to maintain up to date mysql with the latest version in his 16.04 Xenial repositories?

About your question and your comments:

It is just how do you prefer to install the package, for example:

To install a CLI Music Player called Tizonia (That I recently heard about and liked it a lot) you can install it in the folowing ways:

Executing curl -kL https://github.com/tizonia/tizonia-openmax-il/raw/master/tools/install.sh | bash.
Downloading the *.deb file from here.
Installing using sudo snap install tizonia.
You can clone the Github Repo and install it from source.

All those ways lead to the same destination, have installed Tizonia in your computer and working.

For MySQL it's the same thing, also you can download the source code and compile it in your own machine. While we are talking mysql is developing an experimental release of MySQL for the snap universal Linux package system, yet another way to install packages in Ubuntu.

For the 2nd question in your comments, here is your answer: Why don't the Ubuntu repositories have the latest versions of software?

Hope it helps.


No Wireless on Thinkpad T41 with Ubuntu 12

I (kind of) solved this be installing Ubuntu 10, and then upgrading my way up till latest version (12.04). Now everything seems to work just fine.


Sorry, but as far as I know doing it is actually impossible. The Problem is that Windows' partitions need to be the first on the disc because Windows' boot system looks for the first active partition on your hard drive, so if you put Ubuntu at first it will try to boot Ubuntu and it's Windows boot system, sure that it will fail.

What to do:

Organize Windows partitions:

Boot on Win7 and defragment it's partition ( it may take time ):

Open Disk Defragmenter ( Start> All Programs> Accessories> System Tools> Disk Defragmenter ), select the drive to be defragmented and click on the Defragment Disk button.

Open Disk Management ( In the Control Panel search box type "partition", then click in the link “Create and Format Hard Disk Partitions” under Administrative Tools )

then delete WinXP partition and move Win7 partition to the begining of the hard drive.

Install Ubuntu:

Boot through the Ubuntu Live CD and choose "Try Ubuntu" when prompted.

Wait for the desktop to load and open Gparted ( System > Administration > GParted )

If there already is a free space after Win7 partition simply click on the Unallocated Space and create a new partition to Ubuntu, if the Windows partition is occupying the whole disk you will need to resize it to free space to the new Ubuntu partition.

Then you just need to install Ubuntu into the new partition.


Questions about building a native IPv6 router/firewall

The size you should route to a subnet is a /64. Things like autoconfiguration don't work if you don't use a /64 per subnet. If you only get a single /64 from your ISP then you won't be able to route it in any convenient way. An ISP should give you a /48, or at least a /56, and route that whole prefix to your gateway router. Then you can create subnets and route.

Basically, with your current setup you are limited to a single subnet. So you should create a bridge.


Any way to "play to" tv from ubuntu (not a media server)

Set up a DLNA server (like MediaTomb) on the host, import media, etc. I thought MT had its own "play to" functionality through its webui but it's been years since I last played with it.

If it does, that's your whole solution there. If it doesn't you'll need a controller.

If you're looking for control from a computer, GUPnP-AV Control Point is a fair bet but control point software is widely available for all sorts of devices, eg: BubbleUPnP.


Can I use VirtualBox as a sandbox for 12.04?

In my experience it is quite a good idea to install and run a test OS in Virtual Box. But there are some drawbacks you might want to consider:

All CPU demanding processes will run a bit slower in a virtual machine.
3D graphics even though available to some extent is slow and not suited for gaming (but sufficient for Unity).
Bugs you may experience may not only come from the applications but also from the virtualization environment.
Updating Virtual Box and the virtual machines installed may take some of your time.
Some hotkeys of the host (e.g. Super, Ctrl+F.., etc.) do not work without tricks in the guest OS. Likewise some key combinations are reserved by Vitual Box and can not be used in the guest OS.

Still there are advantages that a dual boot solution can not offer:

Immediate switching between host and virtual OS without needing to reboot.
Running the test OS parallel to the host OS (depending on your hardware you can even run multiple virtual OSs in parallel).
Possibility to save snapshots before you do possible harmful things that enable you to restore the previous functioning state if something goes wrong.
Keep your virtual guest machines over host OS upgrades. You can even carry them to another OS (e.g. Windows, MacOS, other Linux distribution) without any problems.
Simultaneous file access through networking.

To take full advantages of Virtual Box it is a good idea to run the latest release installable from a repository maintained by Oracle that gives you automatic updates. If you need USB2 or RDP support you also may want to install the Virtual Box Extensions (which makes it a closed source but still free version).

For running Unity, unlimited screen geometry, some 3D graphics support, and Virtual Box shared folder suport we also need to install the Guest Additions.

Let me suggest you try it out with you present 11.10 installation (or in your 12.04 Beta installation). Your virtual machines will not be touched trough an upgrade, just keep them running almost forever (I still have a machine here I built from Ubuntu 9.04).


How to multi-hop ssh using connect to server under other locations in Files

You could add the following to ~/.ssh/config on your Ubuntu machine:

 Host serverB-proxied
   Hostname serverB  # the real hostname of serverB
   User username     # this is the username on serverB
   ProxyCommand ssh -W %h:%p user@serverA

Then use this as the URL in Files:

ssh://serverB-proxied/

(It will only work if the sshd on serverA does not have TCP forwarding disabled.)


You can shorten commands by creating an alias. Aliases should be put in ~/.bash_aliases (not in ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile).

Alias in .bash_aliases

You can create ~/.bash_aliases with the following command:

touch ~/.bash_aliases

You can now edit the file and put your alias in there in the format:

alias cmd='command'

For example:

alias subl='nohup sublime . &'

Be warned that if your define an alias that has the same name as a command, the alias takes precedence. This can be useful:

alias ls='ls -alF --color=auto'

Will always give you coloured, classified, complete lists when using ls.

Why not in .bashrc or .profile?

.bashrc and .profile are usually filled with all kind of nifty things by default. While this is certainly useful, it's not convenient when adding aliases yourself. Someone has apparently thought of this and added the following to the default .bashrc:

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

If .bash_aliases exists, it's loaded by .bashrc and you have an entire file for all your aliases. If you install the bash-doc package there are some examples that can be found in:

 /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples/startup-files/Bash_aliases


To hide icons from the launcher without deleting/moving the launcher icon follow these steps:

Find the .desktop file of interest in: ~/.local/share/applications for current user or /usr/share/applications for all users.
Open the file in text editor and add this entry to the file:

NoDisplay=True

or simply run

 echo "NoDisplay=true" | tee /absolute/path/of/filename.desktop   #For single file
echo "NoDisplay=true" | tee -a /absolute/path/of/{filenames_separated_by_comma(,)}.desktop   #For multiple files

Source: GNOME Desktop Entry Specification


Run the following commands in your terminal (Ctrl+Alt+t):

sudo apt clean
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt -f install
sudo apt install synaptic

When prompted, enter your password.  This should install synaptic for you, along with clearing up broken packages (fixing dependency issues) and updating your system.

Special thanks to @DKBose for pointing out sudo apt clean.  :)


Change curser location to bring up Unity launcher

For 11.10 and earlier

To adjust the reveal mode of the Launcher, you can use compizconfig-settings-manager . You can install CCSM by running the following command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

What are some of the issues with CCSM and why would I want to avoid it?

After installing CCSM, open it and click on 'Ubuntu Unity Plugin'.

Click on the option and click on the option for 'Reveal mode'. There, you can choose which part of the screen should trigger the launcher.

For 12.04

There is a much easier way to change the reveal mode of the launcher in 12.04.

To do that, you can right click on the desktop and click 'Change Desktop Background' option.

After that, in the 'User Interface' application that appears, move to 'Behaviour' tab. There, you can change the 'Reveal spot' of the launcher.


How to fix a Broadcom 43224 (rev. 01) in ubuntu 12.10, running on a macbook pro 6,2?

Please run:

    lspci -nn | grep 0280

Is your pci.id 14e4:4353? If so,please do:

    sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
    sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source
    sudo modprobe wl

Your wireless should now be working.

If your pci.id is different, please post it and we'll recommend a fix.


Why can't I click on things (software-related issue)?

I had the same problem with Sugar, found the answer at ubuntuforums.org

  You don't need to delete the whole
  .gconf folder, edit the file

.gconf/apps/metacity/general/%gconf.xml

  delete the tag with name
  "mouse_button_modifier", in my case
  this 3 lines:

<entry name="mouse_button_modifier"

  mtime="1279125807" type="string">
          disabled

  and that's it.

Worked like a charm.  Thanks, moiesk.


update-alternatives: error: /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/vim corrupt: invalid status

The alternatives entries are hopelessly broken.

You should remove them with:

sudo update-alternatives --remove-all vim
sudo rm -f /etc/alternatives/vim /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/vim

If update-alternatives complains about corrupt files again, ignore it and just proceed to delete them with the next command.
Then re-install their packages with:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall vim

This will restore the alternatives entries according to the packages available on your system.
Proceed analogously for vimdiff, rvim and other corrupted entries.


Well, I just find what causes this problem. This is due to I added export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=xfce in ~/.profile. I added that line to let Qt5 porgram to use native gtk file dialog but it causes this unintended problem.


How can I print the breakdown of disk usage by directory?

You could try gt5. It lists the disk usage of the contents your current directory, or a specified directory,  ordered by highest to lowest. If you see that, for example, /var/tmp is using a lot of space, you can do:

sudo gt5 /var/tmp

To see the usage of that folders contents. To see the basics of where in your system the disk use is going, try:

sudo gt5 /

To get it, simply do:

sudo apt-get install gt5


gnome-session: where to put "--disable-acceleration-check"

Create a file called /etc/X11/Xsession.d/98-gnome-session-disable-acceleration-check containing

case "$STARTUP" in
     *gnome-session*)
       STARTUP="$STARTUP --disable-acceleration-check"
       ;;
esac


Replace second instance of string in a line in an ASCII file using Bash

Well, if it is the end of the line...

$ sed 's/\.png$/.mat/' file
file1.png otherfile1.mat
file2.png otherfile2.mat
file3.png otherfile3.mat

s/old/new/ search and replace
\. literal dot (without the escape it matches any character)
$ end of line

Or to explicitly specify the second column, you could use an awk way...

$ awk 'gsub(".png", ".mat", $2)' file
file1.png otherfile1.mat
file2.png otherfile2.mat
file3.png otherfile3.mat

gsub(old, new, where) search and replace
$2 second column


How do I install software center on Ubuntu 18.04

software-center has been replaced with gnome-software. So just type in a terminal

sudo apt install gnome-software


Resize Ubuntu /dev/sda1 partition in VirtualBox VMDK when /dev/sda is already larger

You have to first resize the partition with the following steps:

sudo parted /dev/sda to enter the prompt "(parted)" as the superuser
resizepart 1 to resize the partition 1
-0 resizes it to the end of the disk. - indicates that it should count from the end of the disk, not the start. This makes -0 the last sector of the disk - which is suitable when you want to make it as big as possible. Step 4:
quit to exit parted

The file system meta information needs to indicate the size of disk, and resize2fs updates this. Thus, after expanding, run resize2fs /dev/sda1.

It's highly recommended to do this in either single user mode / recovery mode, or with the file system mounted in read only mode. You can mount it read only by mount -o remount,ro /dev/sda1.

Extending is possible to do with filesystem in RW-mode, but it increases chances of data loss. As this is a VM, and you can easily make a backup, doing it with the volume mounted RW may make sense.

Addendum: run commands as root for desired effect.


I had a similar issue and tried everything you said. Finally, from alsamixer I changed the Channel option which was 6ch, to 4ch or 2ch, and the mic started capturing input, don't know why...


How to force VPN usage on every connection

I stumbled upon a decent solution by accident:

expressvpn autoconnect true

I dont know why it doesnt install that way by default.


You can install Synaptic. Open a Terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T and run:

sudo apt-get install synaptic

After that open Synaptic from the dash or form terminal by typing gksu synaptic and first go to Settings -> Preferences and check this box:

Now follow the steps in the image:


How to run shell script commands manually

As an example, to run the 'start daemon' section, copy the contents of the file between "start(){" and "}" and put it in a text file startScript (as ane example). Use chmod+x startScript to make the script executable, then use ./startScript to run it. The same can be done for the stop and status sections if desired.


Yes you can. Upgrading would not be a problem, you would use apt-get. It would almost certainly be best to update when running the guest in KVM.

To use is for LXC, you would mount the disk, and specify the mount location in the LXC  configuration.

To do this, use libguestfs

apt-get install libguestfs-tools

http://packages.ubuntu.com/quantal/libguestfs-tools

You would then mount it with guestmount

Just be sure NOT to mount a running KVM guest (well you could mount it RO).

guestmount -a your_kvm.img /mount_point

See also

http://ebalaskas.gr/wiki/kvm/libguestfs

http://libguestfs.org/guestmount.1.html


Cursor Disappearing After Starting Web Browser

Problem

The real problem was apparently same with my new posted problem, Unity 3D Suddenly Disabled Ubuntu 12.04. The driver in my Ubuntu has switched to wrong driver. I don't have idea why and how.

Solution

Just revert the correct driver back.

Walkthrough

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2234888

Conclusion

This problem was solved.


I solved this problem as following

I downloaded yelp source from ubuntu repository with apt-get source yelp.

I opened yelp-3.4.1/debian/rules, removed following line.

DEB_CONFIGURE_EXTRA_FLAGS += --enable-gtk-doc

BTW, I could build the yelp package.


If you have any peripherals plugged into the dock like say a usb mouse, move your mouse around really fast while watching the process. It will jump from 20% to 150% cpu. Anything plugged into the dock seems to lag the cpu depending on usage. I switched to an older dock that your laptop snaps into and no issues. But if your dock is using usb3, your peripherals are going to blow up your cpu.. especially the mouse while it is in use.


Ubuntu not working after formatting windows partition

try to reinstall Unity, may help:

  sudo apt-get update

  sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop

  sudo apt-get install unity

  sudo shutdown -r now


Malfunctioning USB port: is it safe to mount read-only?

Well if it's a power issue, and it's an old fashion hard disk, interrupting power could theoretically damage the disk physically since the head falls on the disk... I would recommend powering the hard drive externally, then you should be safe mounting it read only...

If it's SSD, then it probably won't be damaged by interrupting power if it's mounted read only...

In any case it should not be mounted r/w if it tends to interrupt.

If it's a hard disk with USB2 interface that's only connected with a USB cable, without external power source, you can do one of the following two things.

1) Powering it externally using an externally powered USB hub.

2) You can power it externally by cutting the red wire, and connecting an external REGULATED power supply, to the red(+), and black(-) wires. You should connect the power supply to the external HDD side of red wire(so that you feed power to the drive, but not to the laptop), and the black wire should not be cut, it is also a refference for the signal(green and white) wires...) If it's a drive that is only powered via USB cable, then it shouldn't consume much power, thus a REGULATED!!! 5v@1A power supply should be fine... Do not use unregulated PS, get a multimeter, and measure it, it should give you 5V (+/-0.25v) if it's regulated. if it's unregulated, it will be far more then that when there is no load applied, therefore it should not be used for this purpose...


How can i update my docker version in Linux environment?

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-cache madison docker-ce (Lists all the available docker versions)

sudo apt-get install docker-ce=<VERSION>

sudo service docker restart


After 13.04 upgrade system apps are missing (settings, displays)

Oh my...I found a related question and ran the following

sudo apt-get install gnome-control-center
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
gnome-control-center is already the newest version.
gnome-control-center set to manually installed.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

(See how nothing was installed)

Both "System Settings" and "Displays" are there now.


To answer my own question in case it should help anyone else in the future:
I upgraded to 18.04, by editing my hosts file to assign IP addresses to the required domains. Listed here for reference, ping them to get the IPs.
gb.archive.ubuntu.com
security.ubuntu.com
ppa.launchpad.net
apt.postgresql.org
changelogs.ubuntu.com
archive.ubuntu.com
deb.nodesource.com
api.snapcraft.io
The update worked but then I had no network connection at all. But I could now fix this by changing managed=false to managed=true in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf and then adding a new network connection.


Snapshot Root Exists but is not writable


Does Software Updater sync up changes with apt-get update/upgrade?

There is some software that will not be installed by sudo apt-get upgrade.  To cause this other software to be installed, run the command

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


Problem while installing Ubuntu 14.04 from USB drive

Same way you checked the iso

md5sum /dev/sdb1

change sdb1 to your flash drive.

See: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM for additional information.


Remove events from the panel's calendar indicator

The calendar is stored in ~/.local/share/evolution/calendar/system/calendar.ics

If you simply remove the calendar, log out and back in, it should be fixed.


Thunderbird Lightning: Show only the future days

That Week View is displaying Calendar start from Start of the Week day that you can manually change/configure that for Thunderbird/Lightning Calendar from the following configuration path. But to keeping Today's day at first you should do this everyday!!

Edit menu --> Preferences; under Calendar tab click Views; then change the "Start the week on:" to today's week day!!

But below is a workaround with sed command which it does the same "Change Start the week on:" for today's week day.

sed -n -e '/^user_pref(\"calendar.week.start\", .);/!p' \
       -e "$ a\user_pref(\"calendar.week.start\", $(date +%u));" \
-i /home/$USER/.thunderbird/????????.default/prefs.js

Now you can add this script into the Thunderbird's .desktop file to execute it every time you launch Thunderbird in below path.

/usr/share/applications/thunderbird.desktop

Or you can simply run it via crontab everyday at 00:00AM to change it to today's week day! Open to edit with crontab -e in Terminal.

0 0 * * * sed ...

Since this changes Start the week day to Today's Day every-time, so in Calendar it will show the Week start from Today.

Hope it helps!


Alternatively, if you want a more windows like desktop that is pretty highly vetted but isn't as strange as unity, try installing Cinnamon as per these instructions

http://ubuntuportal.com/2014/05/how-to-install-cinnamon-2-2-in-ubuntu-14-04-lts.html

Also xfce is a bit more windows like and conveniently, pretty light weight so things run faster on slower computers. The fastest way to install it is to open a terminal and run command

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

If you don't remove your existing desktop environment (no need unless you have to free some storage space) you may need to select the desktop environment once from the login screen.


GParted should work. It will ask you to give your password. It can only resize an unmounted partition, so you will have to unmount the partition (GParted can do that) then resize it, then remount it.

There are good descriptions of the process here: <How to resize partitions?>


pyRenamer from the from the default Ubuntu repositories is a graphical renamer application that supports renaming files using patterns, including pattern expressions that are built-in in pyRenamer. Move the mouse over the Original file name pattern and Renamed file name pattern fields to show the list of pattern expressions that are available for that field. Click the Preview button to preview your changes before applying them. Click the Rename button to rename the files. This is the easiest way to batch rename a series of video files.

pyRenamer is available fromo the default Ubuntu repositories in Ubuntu 16.04 and earlier. In Ubuntu 18.04 and later pyRenamer has been replaced by GPRename or the Smart File Renamer snap package (sudo snap install smart-file-renamer).

For your example you would match the numbers of the videos in the series and the .mp4 extension at the end of the files' names and then replace with Naruto_ at the beginning of the files' names in the Renamed file name pattern field.


How to get/edit EXIF meta-data of multiple images?

As you already have a GUI solution, I thought I would mention that there are also several ways of changing EXIF data on the command-line; two useful tools are exiftool and jhead, which can be installed with this command:

sudo apt-get install libimage-exiftool-perl jhead

With both of these tools you can operate upon multiple files at once, but you may want to back your files up before you start manipulating the exif data.

jhead

To change the time and date EXIF data on a number of files 'in a single click', you could open terminal and do cd to the folder with the pictures and run:

jhead -ts2012:10:29-10:28:03 *.jpg

The -ts switch allows you to specify the date and time required and write it to the exif header all in one go: the format specified here is YYYY:MM:DD-HH:MM:SS.

If you just wanted to change the date without specifying the time, you would use instead:

jhead -ds2012:10:29 *.jpg

You could also do it just for one some pictures taken with a particular camera if you specified, for example, -model "D70", but that option must come first in the processing, and must be something like "D70", "S100" and not "Nikon D70". Look at the exif readout from your pictures to get the correct model number.

jhead -model "D70" -ts2012:10:29-10:28:03 *.jpg

For more information, see man jhead.

exiftool

This utility has more options than jhead and is very comprehensive, as noted at the official site. There is a graphical frontend for exiftool in development, but it is in the early stages at the moment, but looks promising.

The date and time shifting options, and which formats can be used are quite extensive, as detailed here in this useful pdf. As with jhead, you can decide to change time and date, or just date. This example changes both date and time:

exiftool -AllDates="2012:03:14 12:25:00" *.jpg

The example above just sets a particular value for the date and times of the pictures; if you wanted to just shift them all by a certain time index, such as the three years forward, you could use:

exiftool -AllDates+="3:0:0 0" *.jpg

The shifting feature can be very useful if, as has happened to you, your pictures are all suddenly marked 2009, even though they were taken in 2012. Make sure you use a plus or minus sign before the equals (as in -AllDates-= or -AllDates+=), depending on what you want to achieve when you assign your required time index, or the resulting EXIF data will not be as expected.

exiftool will create a backup of the original before editing the EXIF data adding original at the end of the filename.

exiftool supports more image types than jhead which only works for JPEGs.

For more information, see man exiftool.


how can add keyboard layout to docker container?

i got this :
edit evdev file that is in /usr/share/X11/xkb/keycodes/ and replace that to my custom file
my custom evdev :
// translation from evdev scancodes to something resembling xfree86 keycodes.

default xkb_keycodes "evdev" {
minimum = 8;
maximum = 255;

# Added for pc105 compatibility
<LSGT> = 94;

<TLDE> = 49;
key <AE01> {[ 1,     exclam,         bar, onesuperior   ]};
key <AE02> {[ 2,  backslash,          at, twosuperior   ]};
key <AE03> {[ 3, numbersign,  asciitilde, threesuperior ]};
key <AE04> {[ 4,     dollar,    EuroSign, onequarter    ]};
key <AE05> {[ 5,    percent,     onehalf, fiveeighths   ]};
key <AE06> {[ 6,  ampersand,     notsign, threequarters ]};
key <AE07> {[ 7,      slash,   backslash, seveneighths  ]};
key <AE08> {[ 8,  parenleft,   oneeighth, threeeighths  ]};
key <AE09> {[ 9, parenright, asciicircum                ]};
key <AE10> {[ 0,      equal,   copyright                ]};

<TAB> = 23;
<AD01> = 24;
<AD02> = 25;
<AD03> = 26;
<AD04> = 27;
<AD05> = 28;
<AD06> = 29;
<AD07> = 30;
<AD08> = 31;
<AD09> = 32;
<AD10> = 33;
<AD11> = 34;
<AD12> = 35;
<BKSL> = 51;
alias <AC12> = <BKSL>;
<RTRN> = 36;

<CAPS> = 66;
<AC01> = 38;
<AC02> = 39;
<AC03> = 40;
<AC04> = 41;
<AC05> = 42;
<AC06> = 43;
<AC07> = 44;
<AC08> = 45;
<AC09> = 46;
<AC10> = 47;
<AC11> = 48;

<LFSH> = 50;
<AB01> = 52;
<AB02> = 53;
<AB03> = 54;
<AB04> = 55;
<AB05> = 56;
<AB06> = 57;
<AB07> = 58;
<AB08> = 59;
<AB09> = 60;
<AB10> = 61;
<RTSH> = 62;

<LALT> = 64;
<LCTL> = 37;
<SPCE> = 65;
<RCTL> = 105;
<RALT> = 108;
// Microsoft keyboard extra keys
<LWIN> = 133;
<RWIN> = 134;
<COMP> = 135;
alias <MENU> = <COMP>;

<ESC> = 9;
<FK01> = 67;
<FK02> = 68;
<FK03> = 69;
<FK04> = 70;
<FK05> = 71;
<FK06> = 72;
<FK07> = 73;
<FK08> = 74;
<FK09> = 75;
<FK10> = 76;
<FK11> = 95;
<FK12> = 96;

<PRSC> = 107;
// <SYRQ> = 107;
<SCLK> = 78;
<PAUS> = 127;
// <BRK> = 419;

<INS> = 118;
<HOME> = 110;
<PGUP> = 112;
<DELE> = 119;
<END> = 115;
<PGDN> = 117;

<UP> = 111;
<LEFT> = 113;
<DOWN> = 116;
<RGHT> = 114;

<NMLK> = 77;
<KPDV> = 106;
<KPMU> = 63;
<KPSU> = 82;

<KP7> = 79;
<KP8> = 80;
<KP9> = 81;
<KPAD> = 86;

<KP4> = 83;
<KP5> = 84;
<KP6> = 85;

<KP1> = 87;
<KP2> = 88;
<KP3> = 89;
<KPEN> = 104;

<KP0> = 90;
<KPDL> = 91;
<KPEQ> = 125;

<FK13> = 191;
<FK14> = 192;
<FK15> = 193;
<FK16> = 194;
<FK17> = 195;
<FK18> = 196;
<FK19> = 197;
<FK20> = 198;
<FK21> = 199;
<FK22> = 200;
<FK23> = 201;
<FK24> = 202;

// Keys that are generated on Japanese keyboards

//<HZTG> =  93; // Hankaku/Zenkakau toggle - not actually used
alias <HZTG> = <TLDE>;
<HKTG> = 101;   // Hiragana/Katakana toggle
<AB11> = 97;    // backslash/underscore
<HENK> = 100;   // Henkan
<MUHE> = 102;   // Muhenkan
<AE13> = 132;   // Yen
<KATA> =  98;   // Katakana
<HIRA> =  99;   // Hiragana
<JPCM> = 103;   // KPJPComma
//<RO>   =  97; // Romaji

// Keys that are generated on Korean keyboards

<HNGL> = 130;   // Hangul Latin toggle
<HJCV> = 131;   // Hangul to Hanja conversion

// Solaris compatibility

alias <LMTA> = <LWIN>;
alias <RMTA> = <RWIN>;
<MUTE> = 121;
<VOL-> = 122;
<VOL+> = 123;
<POWR> = 124;
<STOP> = 136;
<AGAI> = 137;
<PROP> = 138;
<UNDO> = 139;
<FRNT> = 140;
<COPY> = 141;
<OPEN> = 142;
<PAST> = 143;
<FIND> = 144;
<CUT>  = 145;
<HELP> = 146;

// Extended keys that may be generated on "Internet" keyboards.
// evdev has standardize names for these.

<LNFD> = 109;   // #define KEY_LINEFEED            101
<I120> = 120;   // #define KEY_MACRO               112
<I126> = 126;   // #define KEY_KPPLUSMINUS         118
<I128> = 128;   // #define KEY_SCALE               120
<I129> = 129;   // #define KEY_KPCOMMA             121
<I147> = 147;   // #define KEY_MENU                139
<I148> = 148;   // #define KEY_CALC                140
<I149> = 149;   // #define KEY_SETUP               141
<I150> = 150;   // #define KEY_SLEEP               142
<I151> = 151;   // #define KEY_WAKEUP              143
<I152> = 152;   // #define KEY_FILE                144
<I153> = 153;   // #define KEY_SENDFILE            145
<I154> = 154;   // #define KEY_DELETEFILE          146
<I155> = 155;   // #define KEY_XFER                147
<I156> = 156;   // #define KEY_PROG1               148
<I157> = 157;   // #define KEY_PROG2               149
<I158> = 158;   // #define KEY_WWW                 150
<I159> = 159;   // #define KEY_MSDOS               151
<I160> = 160;   // #define KEY_COFFEE              152
<I161> = 161;   // #define KEY_DIRECTION           153
<I162> = 162;   // #define KEY_CYCLEWINDOWS        154
<I163> = 163;   // #define KEY_MAIL                155
<I164> = 164;   // #define KEY_BOOKMARKS           156
<I165> = 165;   // #define KEY_COMPUTER            157
<I166> = 166;   // #define KEY_BACK                158
<I167> = 167;   // #define KEY_FORWARD             159
<I168> = 168;   // #define KEY_CLOSECD             160
<I169> = 169;   // #define KEY_EJECTCD             161
<I170> = 170;   // #define KEY_EJECTCLOSECD        162
<I171> = 171;   // #define KEY_NEXTSONG            163
<I172> = 172;   // #define KEY_PLAYPAUSE           164
<I173> = 173;   // #define KEY_PREVIOUSSONG        165
<I174> = 174;   // #define KEY_STOPCD              166
<I175> = 175;   // #define KEY_RECORD              167
<I176> = 176;   // #define KEY_REWIND              168
<I177> = 177;   // #define KEY_PHONE               169
<I178> = 178;   // #define KEY_ISO                 170
<I179> = 179;   // #define KEY_CONFIG              171
<I180> = 180;   // #define KEY_HOMEPAGE            172
<I181> = 181;   // #define KEY_REFRESH             173
<I182> = 182;   // #define KEY_EXIT                174
<I183> = 183;   // #define KEY_MOVE                175
<I184> = 184;   // #define KEY_EDIT                176
<I185> = 185;   // #define KEY_SCROLLUP            177
<I186> = 186;   // #define KEY_SCROLLDOWN          178
<I187> = 187;   // #define KEY_KPLEFTPAREN         179
<I188> = 188;   // #define KEY_KPRIGHTPAREN        180
<I189> = 189;   // #define KEY_NEW                 181
<I190> = 190;   // #define KEY_REDO                182
<I208> = 208;   // #define KEY_PLAYCD              200
<I209> = 209;   // #define KEY_PAUSECD             201
<I210> = 210;   // #define KEY_PROG3               202
<I211> = 211;   // #define KEY_PROG4               203 conflicts with AB11
<I212> = 212;   // #define KEY_DASHBOARD           204
<I213> = 213;   // #define KEY_SUSPEND             205
<I214> = 214;   // #define KEY_CLOSE               206
<I215> = 215;   // #define KEY_PLAY                207
<I216> = 216;   // #define KEY_FASTFORWARD         208
<I217> = 217;   // #define KEY_BASSBOOST           209
<I218> = 218;   // #define KEY_PRINT               210
<I219> = 219;   // #define KEY_HP                  211
<I220> = 220;   // #define KEY_CAMERA              212
<I221> = 221;   // #define KEY_SOUND               213
<I222> = 222;   // #define KEY_QUESTION            214
<I223> = 223;   // #define KEY_EMAIL               215
<I224> = 224;   // #define KEY_CHAT                216
<I225> = 225;   // #define KEY_SEARCH              217
<I226> = 226;   // #define KEY_CONNECT             218
<I227> = 227;   // #define KEY_FINANCE             219
<I228> = 228;   // #define KEY_SPORT               220
<I229> = 229;   // #define KEY_SHOP                221
<I230> = 230;   // #define KEY_ALTERASE            222
<I231> = 231;   // #define KEY_CANCEL              223
<I232> = 232;   // #define KEY_BRIGHTNESSDOWN      224
<I233> = 233;   // #define KEY_BRIGHTNESSUP        225
<I234> = 234;   // #define KEY_MEDIA               226
<I235> = 235;   // #define KEY_SWITCHVIDEOMODE     227
<I236> = 236;   // #define KEY_KBDILLUMTOGGLE      228
<I237> = 237;   // #define KEY_KBDILLUMDOWN        229
<I238> = 238;   // #define KEY_KBDILLUMUP          230
<I239> = 239;   // #define KEY_SEND                231
<I240> = 240;   // #define KEY_REPLY               232
<I241> = 241;   // #define KEY_FORWARDMAIL         233
<I242> = 242;   // #define KEY_SAVE                234
<I243> = 243;   // #define KEY_DOCUMENTS           235
<I244> = 244;   // #define KEY_BATTERY             236
<I245> = 245;   // #define KEY_BLUETOOTH           237
<I246> = 246;   // #define KEY_WLAN                238
<I247> = 247;   // #define KEY_UWB                 239
<I248> = 248;   // #define KEY_UNKNOWN             240
<I249> = 249;   // #define KEY_VIDEO_NEXT          241
<I250> = 250;   // #define KEY_VIDEO_PREV          242
<I251> = 251;   // #define KEY_BRIGHTNESS_CYCLE    243
<I252> = 252;   // #define KEY_BRIGHTNESS_ZERO     244
<I253> = 253;   // #define KEY_DISPLAY_OFF         245
<I254> = 254;   // #define KEY_WWAN                246
<I255> = 255;   // #define KEY_RFKILL              247

// Fake keycodes for virtual keys
<LVL3> =   92;
<MDSW> =   203;
<ALT>  =   204;
<META> =   205;
<SUPR> =   206;
<HYPR> =   207;

indicator 1  = "Caps Lock";
indicator 2  = "Num Lock";
indicator 3  = "Scroll Lock";
indicator 4  = "Compose";
indicator 5  = "Kana";
indicator 6  = "Sleep";
indicator 7  = "Suspend";
indicator 8  = "Mute";
indicator 9  = "Misc";
indicator 10 = "Mail";
indicator 11 = "Charging";

alias <ALGR> = <RALT>;

// For Brazilian ABNT2
alias <KPPT> = <I129>;
};

// PC98
xkb_keycodes "pc98" {
include "evdev(evdev)"
};

then i try to add my layout by setxkbmap like this :
setxkbmap -keycodes evdev -layout ir,us -variant pes_keypad, -option keypad:legacy,grp:toggle

indeed i map the numeric key  to numpad
about xkb configs


Shamelessly stolen from First time installing (erasing Windows) from usb, did everything just so, Boot Device Not Found and adapted to the question.

From an Ubuntu live session, e.g. "Try Ubuntu without installing" from USB-Stick, open a terminal and follow these steps:

1) sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt # (If your Linux were on a different partition substitute /sda2 for the partition of your Linux install.)
2) sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi # (the efi boot partition)
3) for i in /sys /proc /run /dev; do sudo mount --bind "$i" "/mnt/$i"; done
4) sudo chroot /mnt
5) update-grub

If step 5 throws errors, go ahead with this:

6) grub-install /dev/sda # (/dev/sda is the hard drive that has linux installed (i.e. /dev/sda or /dev/sdb ... etc.)
7) update-grub


If I want to create a VM for Win 7 on top of Ubuntu, where do I get the install disks?

To obey the law you would buy a valid license key to install Windows 7 to a new system plus, obviously, the install media (DVDs).

If I recall the Microsoft EULA correctly, you need a "full" version of Windows 7. That is, a version which can be installed to a system with no (Windows) operating system installed. You are not allowed to use a (potentially lower cost) "update" version of Windows 7 in a Virtual Machine.

If what you are thinking is to somehow track down the files on your HP laptop to recover/reinstall Windows and use that as the install media for a VM, that is even less likely to work. The recovery tools on your laptop almost certainly will check for the specific hardware context of your laptop. Your virtual hardware will look nothing like that and the tools will refuse to install Windows.


CD/DVD burner does not recognize any DVDs

You might be using the wrong driver. Go to Settings -> Software and Updates -> Additional Drivers and use any drivers there.


Ubuntu 14.04 NFSv3 now squashing user/group, how to fix?

I have figured this out. I did a tcpdump and discovered that RPC authentication was AUTH_NULL, not the expected UNIX. Now, here is the real puzzle: I had sec=sys explicitly on every NFS mount. REMOVING sec=sys returned to RPC AUTH_UNIX.

I filed a bug report on this: bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nfs-utils/+bug/1315974


18.04 LTS unstable performance [very slow startup + sudden desktop freezing]

Check whether you see the baloo-file process running - it is a search service that is indexing your files. In my case I had the same symptoms until after this search indexer completed. This should explain your improved experience over time as well.


how to compare two files and print unmatched records

For a simple one-way difference, you can use grep, ex.
$ grep -vxFf file2 file1
two
four
five

If you need two-way differences, then a good choice is comm - however the files must be lexically ordered:
$ comm <(sort file2) <(sort file1)
        five
        four
                one
                six
                three
        two

or for just the lines unique to file1
$ comm -13 <(sort file2) <(sort file1)
five
four
two

If there are duplicates in file1 and you wish to exclude them from the output, then you can either use grep and pipe the result through sort -u, or use comm and change the plain sort to sort -u:
grep -vxFf file2 file1 | sort -u

or
comm -13 <(sort file2) <(sort -u file1)

Alternate method using Awk, that de-duplicates and preserves order:
$ awk 'NR==FNR {seen[$0]; next} !($0 in seen){print; seen[$0]}' file2 file1
two
four
five


Error: invalid environment block. Press any key to continue (Ubuntu 20.04 ZFS)

Ok, resloved.
Delete other HDD other test Linux


How to install grub on the PBR instead of MBR?

Ok it seems that it is not a problem of MBR in my case. On a Mac there are GPT and MBR. You must use the Disk utility of Mac OSX to make all partitions because this is the only tool which is able to synchronise GPT and MBR (they are note made to work together, it is usually one of them). I think it was my problem because I succeed, even in putting grub on the MBR.
Thanks for your help mikewhatever !


No internet connection after software update on Ubuntu 14.04

Press ctrl+alt+T and paste in:
Code:

sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

Remove everything and paste the code given below in the file

Code:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

Then Check /etc/NetworkManager/nm-system-settings.conf

Press ctrl+alt+T and paste in:

Code:

sudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/nm-system-settings.conf

and set file with code shown below

Code:

 [ifupdown]
managed=false

Restart computer or NetworkManager service.

For more info See: Network manager

Hope this solves


Alternating virtual and native boots of virtual disk

It is possible to use VirtualBox (or VMware) to boot a WUBI-created root disk, as you can see at this link and that link.

Reading that two links, I guess that you'll need to create a small image containing a bootloader that points to a second image - the image containing the root-fs (in this case, the image of WUBI). But I don't know if will works smoothly!

But I emphasize: this strikes me as an experimental procedure, used very little and you hardly find a definitive tutorial describing how to proceed.

If you really need to manage multiples virtual machines, just create those VMs into a pen drive and use it inside different OS through virtualbox. Or you can try the procedure described at those links.

Thanks!


I wonder what is the best practice about where to actually store such a script?

/usr/local/bin/ is intended for this.

4.9.1 Purpose
The /usr/local hierarchy is for use by the system administrator when installing software locally. It needs to be safe from being overwritten when the system software is updated. It may be used for programs and data that are shareable amongst a group of hosts, but not found in /usr.
Locally installed software must be placed within /usr/local rather than /usr unless it is being installed to replace or upgrade software in /usr
Software placed in / or /usr may be overwritten by system upgrades (though we recommend that distributions do not overwrite data in /etc under these circumstances). For this reason, local software must not be placed outside of /usr/local without good reason.

Also, what kind of access rights would a good admin use on such a script? 744 maybe?

That depends on who is suppose to be able to read, write and/or execute it. If it is only the admin even 700 can be acceptable. If an admin has a group of trusted people that should be able to execute this too 750. If those other also are allowed to edit the file you would need at least 770.
In general I would say: set the permissions as low as possible. People who are suppose to do something with it that can not will complain. People who can do something with it and are not allowed to will keep quiet. Better to be on the safe side and start with 700 (admin only) or 740 (group can read)  or 750 (group can read, execute).


KDE5 Plasma: Move maximized window with title hidden by grabbing top application menu panel

I want the same thing, but it is only possible using Latte-dock. Since Latte-dock has got too many bugs I've switched to plasma default panel, and I miss this drag from panel functionality, so I'm now just using the Active Window Control function where I can scroll to unmaximize a window.


The easiest way is to go to

Settings -> Network -> LAN Interface (Cog Symbol) -> IPv4 Settings (tab) -> Additional DNS Servers

If you must do it from the command line, then you can type:

sudo nmcli con mod enp0s31f6 +ipv4.dns "172.26.5.14"

update with:

sudo nmcli con up "enp0s31f6"


That depends on the options you choose.

If you are proficient in Windows you could shrink your Windows partition and create unallocated space enough for your Ubuntu needs. This is by far the easiest method and least error prone for installing any OS for a dual setup.

During installation of Ubuntu you then will be prompted where to install and among the options it will list "use unallocated space".

But of course you need not to worry since you start by making a backup of anything important ;-)


Why may Ubuntu Software not be opening on Ubuntu 20.04?

I removed and reinstall with snap in terminal, then it worked.

sudo snap remove snap-store

sudo snap install snap-store


How to know entire website size using wget?

SUM=0; for BYTES in `wget --spider -r 'url' 2>&1 | grep Length | cut -d " " -f 2`; do let SUM=$SUM+$BYTES; done; echo "$SUM"


How can I use my touchpad while typing in Ubuntu 18.04?

Open a terminal and type this command:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad "disable-while-typing" false

To disable again type:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad "disable-while-typing" true

If you like a short form (alias), I suggest the following. The next 3 lines will add an alias your .bashrc. Copy this and add these into your terminal.

echo "# Alias for en-/disabeling the Touchpad
echo "alias dit=\"gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad "disable-while-typing" true\"" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "alias ent=\"gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad "disable-while-typing" false\"" >> ~/.bashrc

Verify that the 3 lines are written into your .bashrc by

tail ~/.bashrc

Now resource your .bashrc by

source ~/.bashrc

Now by typing

dit

you will disable your touchpad while typing,

ent

will enable your touchpad while writing.


How do I customize the launcher animations?

Unfortunately you cannot make the animation constant in the current version of Unity.

Maybe if you change the animation "Pulse" it may be more obvious. You can also set it to "None" if you want to totally turn off the animation. To do this:

Install compizconfig-settings-manager  (see also: What are some of the issues with CCSM and why would I want to avoid it? )
Open the Unity plugin's settings by:

Pressing alt+f2
Typing about:config
Pressing enter

You will be presented with this Window:

Select the Experimental tab, and from there, choose Pulse as the "Urgent Animation":


Delete oldest files recursively until max limit is reached

If you want the script to still operate on one directory, without recursing through subdirectories, the counting and deletion can be done in a while loop. The last section of the main function should be altered to look like this:

local file_inodes=$(get_files)
    while filecount_above_limit
    do
        printf  "@@@ File count in %s is above %d." "$directory" $max_files
        printf "Will delete oldest\n"
        sort -k1 -n <<< "$file_inodes" | delete_oldest
        local file_inodes=$(get_files)
    done
    printf "@@@ File count in %s is below %d."  "$directory" $max_files
    printf "Exiting normally"

Warning!
The problem with this simple alteration is that, if you haven't commented in the delete line at the top, the script will loop endlessly, as it recalculates the number of files after each deletion. If a file isn't deleted, the file count stays the same and the loop never exits.

It is possible to alter the script in a more complex way, to remove the file inode from the file_inodes array once deleted and negatively increment the file_count variable, rather than repeat the local file_inodes=$(get_files) line. This would deal with the non-deleting checking situation, but I'll leave that to someone else.


Unable to See Text After Installing Ambiance-Dark Sidebar Theme

If this is the desired effect:

Here is a nautilus.css that did that for me.

It needs to be in your /usr/share/themes/whatever/gtk-3.0/apps/ folder, then log-out and back in to apply it.


Problem with grub to dual-boot in raid system

Solution: I was able to resolve this by selecting the "Rescue a broken system" option on the Ubuntu Aternate's boot menu. I followed all the steps until it asked for the root file system. I chose the one Ubuntu was installed, and then I chose to open a shell. Then, I installed Grub in the MBR. Everything is pretty now!


Fix audio glitches with Intel HDA Realtek 887-VD

The Linux device driver called snd-hda-intel has been apparently causing huge amounts of aggravation since at least November 2010 when one aggravated user wrote a PulseAudioMicrophoneGuide.pdf.

Here is what I have figured out so far: PulseAudio is a software layer that runs on top of Alsa. Alsa is a software layer that loads a large number of driver software packages. Alsa is not just drivers for the electronic signals. Alsa loads several different little pieces of software for each electrical signal, like a mixer and like the software that reads bytes from a microphone or writes bytes to a headphone amplifier.

My 2015 Lenovo S21e laptop has a "no sound from the built in microphone" problem and as a result neither Skype or GoogleHangouts Chat works with the built in microphone.

The short term fix for me is to plug in a Webcam with microphone or use a Plantonics USB headset.

Here is what I think needs to be done. I am not a C programmer (just Python, Perl and Arduino). Inside the device driver that is talking to the hardware find the location in the source code where the audio data is being copied from the microphone memory location. One of the output channels, Right or Left is being inverted somehow in the software. My guess is they did a signal inversion hoping to cancel out some kind of noise from the signal. So the trick is to figure out why the original programmer forced an inversion. If nothing else, remove the inversion and see if that makes the Right and Left Channels OK.


Add ntlm auth = ntlmv1-permitted  to /etc/samba/smb.conf in the [global] section and restart Samba with sudo service smbd restart.
And to anyone needing this: Samba 1 is disabled for security reasons in Ubuntu 18.04 and onwards for good reasons. So only use this to extract what you need and ditch the hardware.


Just go to apple store and download documents 6, and plug in your Ipad.
That is all you need to do.

I tried running various commands (without understanding them) without success.

Pinguy didn't work for me either.


.sh file for apt-get update/apt-get upgrade

The way sudo works is that by default it gives you 15 minutes before it will ask for password again. So yes, using the two commands, will work perfectly fine, and depending on how long apt-get update runs you will need to enter password once.

However, this is not the best practice. Instead, I would suggest making your whole script run with sudo instead of placing it in front of each command in file. In other words, the script should be:

#!/bin/bash
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

And run it as

sudo  ./my_script.sh

Notice that here we're using #!/bin/bash line to use bash shell as interpreter. This is very different from /bin/sh. For what you're doing it makes no difference, but if you need to be aware that they differ in syntax of some of the operators.

However, even better approach would be to get rid of script altogether and use function or alias that does what you want. Scripts are really for large amounts of code that you  want to reuse. For 2 - 3 lines a function or alias in ~/.bashrc file that's going to be sufficient.

Personally I'd make something like this in my ~/.bashrc

alias agu="sudo bash -c 'apt-get update && apt-get upgrade'"


Apt-Get Update Not Working, Can't Read Log

Actually, it isn't failing. W: stands for a non-fatal warning, you could easily not worry about it.

Fix for Public key error:

wget -O - http://deb.opera.com/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -

/usr/share/appgrid/appdata/helpers.py error was thrown because an issue in the app, not apt, you can easily ignore this.

And lastly, the weak digest algorithm cannot be fixed as it is an issue of the developers' side, not yours.

Hope this cleared things up.


Upstart script for a transmission-daemon executed as a normal user

Ok, the solution is to start transmission-daemon in foreground (no expect fork or daemon) and that start-stop-daemon creates the pid file.
The complete script:

description "Transmission daemon for user"

start on (local-filesystems and net-device-up IFACE=eth0 and runlevel [235])
stop on runlevel [016]

kill timeout 50

respawn

env USER=user
env PIDFILE=/var/run/transmission-user.pid

script
    DAEMON=$(which transmission-daemon) || exit 0
    CONFIGDIR=/home/$USER/.config/transmission-daemon

    exec start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --chuid $USER --pidfile $PIDFILE --make-pidfile --exec $DAEMON -- -f --config-dir $CONFIGDIR --logfile $CONFIGDIR/daemon.log
end script

post-stop exec rm -f $PIDFILE


How do I fix the brightness on a Samsung Aura R700 Dillen?

I finally fixed it! And even - without - the need of any Voria-Tools PPA or without the need to manually edit anything else, besides what I already posted. I have tried this on three Samsung Laptops - with success. All of them had the same issue (with brightness controls).

SOLUTION (for Ubuntu 11.04 and 11.10):

Open nvidia-settings (you can find it via Unity-Dash)
Go to "X Server Display Configuration"
Click on "Save to X Configuration File"
It will display an error: Failed to parse existing X config file ‘/etc/X11/xorg.conf’!
Ignore the error. A new window pops up and asks you to save the X Configuration File.
Leave everything as it is (/etc/X11/xorg.conf - do not merge, if you haven't done this before) and click on save. This will generate a new file for you.
Open this new file with: gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
Once the file is opened, do what I mentioned in my previous Post: Add this line to the Device section of the file:

Option "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"

from this                        TO   this

Section "Device"                  | Section "Device"
 Identifier "Device0"             |   Identifier  "Device0"
 Driver     "nvidia"              |   Driver      "nvidia"
 VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation"  |   VendorName  "NVIDIA Corporation"
                                  |   Option "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"
EndSection                        | EndSection

Click on save and close the window.
Reboot the machine. Brightness-controls should now be working and you should be able to use your FN-Keys to adjust brightness.


Ubuntu compatibility with ASUS VivoBook N580VD

I have been using Asus N580VD with Windows 10 for some time. Today I had some time to install Ubuntu 17.10 and test. Everything works OK, except one little glitch: I can't power off or reboot without manually holding power button pressed, when I pick power off from the UI or run poweroff from terminal, all applications close, TTY comes up but then it hangs. I've been doing some research but couldn't figure out the reason or the solution, yet.


add this on top of the rules-Part inrsyslog.confor if present in/etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf

but DON'T add "local7 /var/log/dhcp/dhcp.log"

###############
#### RULES ####
###############

#
# First some standard log files.  Log by facility.
#

if $programname == 'dhcpd' then /var/log/dhcp.log
& stop

after that open /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog and add /var/log/dhcp.log like this

/var/log/syslog
/var/log/dhcp.log
{
        rotate 7
        daily
        missingok
        notifempty
        delaycompress
        compress
        postrotate
                invoke-rc.d rsyslog rotate > /dev/null
        endscript
}

if you want to rotete daily

or like this

/var/log/kern.log
/var/log/auth.log
/var/log/user.log
/var/log/lpr.log
/var/log/cron.log
/var/log/debug
/var/log/messages
/var/log/dhcp.log
{
        rotate 4
        weekly
        missingok
        notifempty
        compress
        delaycompress
        sharedscripts
        postrotate
                invoke-rc.d rsyslog rotate > /dev/null
        endscript
}

if you want to rotate weekly


apt-get install apache2*

Should just be

 apt-get install apache2

Apt will suggest some extra packages to install at that point. Read through them and decide if want/need, but I usually only install

 sudo apt-get install apache2 apache2-utils


Re-installing newer Ubuntu- does "Erase Ubuntu....... and reinstall" delete grub?

Since the grub config file is stored on the partitions that you're going to be formatting, yes, your previous GRUB installation will disappear - but as Max said above in comments, it will run update-grub to generate a new menu. It should pick up Windows and any other GRUB entries that the previous Ubuntu installation would have added to the menu.


id_dsa authentication works in one direction but not the other

Turns out that the problem was that I was missing a line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config

On my old machine I had the line

PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes=+ssh-dss

When I added this line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config on the new machine, and restarted the sshd server application as instructed in the link that @pa4080 provided, then authentication worked as expected.


How do I copy program files from Windows partition to my Ubuntu partition

For the purpose you want, you actually do not need to copy the files over. you can run WOW from within the windows partition. What you really have to do is the following to have everything working as it should:

Install the PPA for WINE. You HAVE TO install the PPA which is much better. More info here: How to update Wine to the latest version?
Install using winetricks (After having installed Wine) all DirectX 9 components. Since the release of Wine 1.4, you can just install the DirectX that comes with any Windows CD/DVD (eg: The DirectX 10 that comes with Skyrim). That should be enough to get DirectX working.
Install the latest drivers for Intel, Nvidia or Ati. All of which you can find/install with this PPA: How do I install the latest Nvidia drivers via the Additional Drivers tool?
Follow this link with any additional relevant information about WoW: http://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=25610
Create a desktop shortcut/launcher as mentioned in this question to have a working one click icon: How can I edit/create new launcher items in Unity by hand? (Easy way here: https://askubuntu.com/a/128284/7035 )
Edit the Desktop shortcut and in the command line type: wine "DIR" -opengl where DIR is the complete location of your Wow.exe file. For example in my case wine "/media/fun/games/World of Warcraft/Wow.exe" -opengl". The OpenGL is to give you more available graphics options. You can also remove it but for most video cards it is better to have it there to make the game run smoother.

If you still want to copy the Wow folder, you can put it on your Ubuntu home folder and do the same steps mentioned before. Just wanted to point out that you can run the game from the same Windows partition, does saving you space and time.


How to specify which hidden files should remain hidden and choose which files are to be seen?

There is a way to do exactly what you want. You can "show" a hidden folder without removing the dot in front. You have to create a symbolic link.

Open a terminal
Go to the folder containing the .trash hidden folder.
type ln -s .trash Trash

Now you have a symbolic link to .trash that shows even when hidden files are not shown.


Is there a Unity / Compiz shortcut key to move a window to your other monitor (not workspace)?

depending on your monitor setup you can try the (awesome) shortcuts ctrl+alt+numX, where numX is a number on the numpad.

great for quickly resizing a window and/or moving it on the screen.

e.g. ctrl+alt+num4 puts the window on the left side of the screen, ctrl+alt+num6 puts it on the right


I have no access to my Internal hard drive or the root file(if that matters)

Now I feel kind of stupid for posting the question. At least one part of my question I figured out.

Do this is your installed Ubuntu

CTRL + ALT + T = Opens the terminal

sudo apt-get install gparted

Press enter and then enter your password - This will obviously not show in terminal.

Close down terminal and go to the Unity, and open Gparted.

Select the hard drive you want to take control of, and delete the partition(s)

Restart Ubuntu and get back into Gparted.

Create a new partition and mount it.

I have control of my hard drive again.

Notes: I am not sure if this will be the solution for you, if you have data you want to keep on your hard drive, but this worked perfectly for my situation.

This also didn't solve the root of my problem - root file


Given that this shows up multiple times in your log data...

[ 1285.075332] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Hardware Error [current]

... I'd surmise that this is a problem with the hard drive itself.  It either doesn't power up properly, or the disk doesn't start spinning quickly enough, or the USB port is underpowered.

In either case, test this drive on a different computer.  If it still doesn't work, then the drive itself is having an issue, and that is beyond our ability to really help assist with the problem.


Ubuntu can not run caffe model in multigpu mode

In AMD systems, while trying to setup Ubuntu, you need to bypass GPUs.If you try to train a model with this selection, you get this error.

sudo nano /etc/defaults/grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="iomnu=soft"

sudo update grub


Use printf instead of echo to format it:

printf %0.1f\\n $p

Output:

$ p=0.1; k=2
$ while [ $p \< 1 ]; do     printf %0.1f\\n $p ;     p=$(echo "scale=2; $p*$k" | bc); done
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.8


Short answer you cannot.
There are several reasons, e.g. that different Python versions are not backwards compatible. E.g. Python 3.9 has changed some APIs, so code which ran on Python 3.8 does not necessarily run on Python 3.9.
And the pre-installed Python interpreter is necessary to run system code. E.g. apt, your package installer, is written in Python.
So, please don't even try :-)


I solved changing manually the output of the python script and the input of the web application to the virtual microphone created with the previous command, using the pavucontrol or pulseaudio GUI.

I add some images to be more clear.

To direct audio output from python script to the virtual microphone

To use monitor of the virtual microphone as source for a specific tab in firefox


How to properly display hindi/ gujarati in ubuntu

Create the file ~/.config/fontconfig/conf.d/10-prefer-hindi-gujr.conf and give it this contents:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
        <alias>
                <family>serif</family>
                <prefer>
                        <family>Lohit Devanagari</family>
                        <family>Lohit Gujarati</family>
                </prefer>
        </alias>
        <alias>
                <family>sans-serif</family>
                <prefer>
                        <family>Lohit Devanagari</family>
                        <family>Lohit Gujarati</family>
                </prefer>
        </alias>
        <alias>
                <family>monospace</family>
                <prefer>
                        <family>Lohit Devanagari</family>
                        <family>Lohit Gujarati</family>
                </prefer>
        </alias>
</fontconfig>


How do I uninstall Unity 8 from my desktop computer?

To fully remove Unity 8 from your system running Ubuntu 16.04 LTS or later, follow these instructions:

Open a new Terminal window, and enter the following command (providing your password if requested):

sudo apt purge unity8 ubuntu-system-settings

After the previous command finishes, you may also enter this command to remove all of the unneeded packages that Unity 8 left behind for a cleaner system:

sudo apt autoremove

Reboot your computer to finish the uninstallation process.

(Source: OMG! Ubuntu!)


Tablet version of Ubuntu that runs on ARM A20 processor

Here is a link with directions - https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Install

The name of what you are wanting is called "Ubuntu Touch".


skype: error while loading shared libraries: libXv.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Locating the file,

$ locate /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXv.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXv.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXv.so.1.0.0

Finding the package which provides the above files,

$ dpkg -S /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXv.so.1
libxv1:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXv.so.1
$ dpkg -S /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXv.so.1.0.0
libxv1:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXv.so.1.0.0

So, you have to install libxv1:i386 package. Because skype is available only for 32 bit version so it needs only a 32 bit version of library files not 64 bit version.

sudo apt-get install libxv1:i386

And don't forget to add i386 architecture before running the above command on 64 bit systems.

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386


how to restore /etc/apt/sources.list (I removed it by mistake)?

generate new sources.list content from here sources.list repository according to your Ubuntu version. copy and paste to your /etc/apt/sources.list then update

sudo apt-get update


How to set a systemd timer to run monthly but at a certain time

Since monthly is shorthand for *-*-01 00:00:00, you could do something like this:
OnCalendar=*-*-01 02:00:00

This will run on the 1st of every month at 2AM. Check out man systemd.time for more examples.


Apply compressor effect to new podcasts automatically?

To do a Dynamic range compression you can run a command like this at terminal:

for file in ~/gpodder-downloads/*/*.mp3; do sox "$file" "$file-compresssed.mp3" compand 0.3,1 6:-70,-60,-20 -5 -90 0.2 ; rm "$file" ; done

You can limit the folder by changing it in the command above:

Let's say you want to compress only the files at "Linux Outlaws", then you change ~/gpodder-downloads/*/*.mp3 for ~/gpodder-downloads/Linux\ Outlaws/*.mp3.

You also can limit the name, trying to not compress your already compressed files. To do that you can change ~/gpodder-downloads/Linux Outlaws/*.mp3 for ~/gpodder-downloads/Linux\ Outlaws/linuxoutlaws24*.mp3 for example.

obs.: You will need sox and libsox.

-

If you prefer just to click at an icon, paste this at command-line and a "Program" called "Compress gPodder Podcasts" will be created for you and you just have to "Open" it whenever you want the compression.

cd ~/.local/share/applications/ && wget -c http://dl.dropbox.com/u/4098082/compress.desktop && cd ~/ && wget -c http://dl.dropbox.com/u/4098082/.compress && chmod +x ~/.compress

Have fun ;-)


Need help with xorg.conf for dual Radeon HD6450 video cards with 4 monitors

So after exhaustive trial and error, research, etc., I finally determined that both Gnome3 and Unity require composite mode to operate--but Xinerama does not support that mode.  I will be switching my desktop to XFCE--which has complete support for Xinerama and thus will handle all four of my monitors.

There's a lot of chatter about how Xinerama is deprecated, etc.  Well, that's fine--but what's the alternative?  Some folks talk about using xrandr instead, but I do not see how that will achieve the desired result.

So... at least at this point, my answer is to ditch Unity in favor of XFCE--and here is how I did it:

Install the new XFCE desktop...

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop gksu leafpad synaptic

When the process is complete, log out of the session, but do NOT shutdown.

When the login box appears, click on the Ubuntu logo next to your user name and select "Xubuntu Session", then log in with your normal password.

Now to clean up and remove un-needed Unity pieces and parts:

sudo apt-get remove nautilus gnome-power-manager compiz compiz-gnome unity unity-* unity8* hud zeitgeist zeitgeist-core python-zeitgeist libzeitgeist* activity-log-manager-common gnome-control-center gnome-screenshot

Reboot.

Install/reinstall ATI binary drivers and use command:

aticonfig --adapter=all --xinerama --initial


Is it possible to have a dual boot in a laptop with raid 0 + ssd?

Linux doesn't seem to like "fakeraid" which is what your machine would have. Only a server grade Raid card with a processor on it will run hardware raid and present it to the OS as a single drive. You CAN install ubuntu server and make a linux raid array (software raid) which is what I have done, 2 PCIe 4.0 M.2 SSD drives in raid 0 (11.7 GB/sec!) but that's not what you are asking. If you want to install linux on the 512GB M.2 I see no reason why you can't. Not exactly sure how you would get grub to recognize windows on the raid, but again it's not actual raid until the windows raid driver loads so the /boot-efi partition is on one of those drives. Personally I would boot to a live CD and look at what's going on with gparted (you may have to install it in the live kernel (once booted open a terminal and "sudo apt install gparted") From there you can see how windows is actually using the drives. I haven't done a dual boot in years, like over 10, so I can't be much help there but I am very familiar with raid, both hardware and software. My guess is your grub install will either go on the 512 or one of the 1tb drives that has windows boot partition would be my guess. If you have no data on the 512 what do you have to lose by trying? Just fire up an install disk or usb and choose "other" when asked about where to install and follow the prompts. I would make a windows boot usb drive before doing anything just in case you somehow mess up windows.