Grouping a Box- and Text object after custom alignment, is that a solution you already think about. Or using a different Box object like a UML Class object, it seems you can add text in the top, middle and button of that box, see 4.2.7 in the provided link.


Disable discovery or listing of HDD partitions

You can alter the user privileges and revoke the right to mount filesystems. Take a look at "System settings -> user management -> edit user" or something similar on your system.

A more radical approach is to use GParted and enable the "hidden" flag for the partitions you wish to hide. BE WARNED that this will also hide them from the boot process - the partitions will be completely hidden from your system. Also, if the boot-loader is installed on one of these partitions you will have to move it to be able to boot. In other words, use this method only if you don't care about dual-booting.


How can I downgrade from Audacity 2.2.0 to 2.1.3?

Thanks so much for your help. I was able to find the DEB file under "view package details" on this page: https://launchpad.net/~ubuntuhandbook1/+archive/ubuntu/audacity and install, then lock the version via Synaptic as detailed in the link you gave me.


What is the "Character Map" application used for?

charmap (/usr/bin/charmap) is a symbolic link to gucharmap (/usr/bin/gucharmap); see the output of ls -al $(which charmap) in this sense. To understand what is its use, just read its manual page by running man gucharmap (or simple man charmap) command in your terminal. You will find out that:

gucharmap  allows you to browse through all the available Unicode char‐
acters and categories for the installed fonts,  and  to  examine  their
detailed properties.


How to use GRUB as default bootloader while dual booting Win7+ubuntu

Simple. Boot-repair.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Then run Boot-repair by sudo boot-repair and use "Recommended repair".

GRUB2 will automatically detect windows boot Path.


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS - what version of padre should I use?

Install it from the repositories by

sudo apt-get install padre

It is version 1.00+dfsg-1 0


Lubuntu - WiFi connection/slow issues rtl8192cu

Hi Im not sure what you are asking.  If youre asking whether I am using an embedded network card, the answer is no.  Its a "mini" wifi dongle.  The only description on the device is Edup.  I got it from a friend, so dont have a driver for it. (Im sure you can establish that I'm new to Linux).


Installing Ubuntu on a powerbook G4 667- unable to boot

I think powerpc's have a separate port of ubuntu. This is a quote:

Desktop CD

The desktop CD allows you to try Ubuntu without changing your computer at all, and at your option to install it permanently later. You will need at least 384MiB of RAM to install from this CD.

There is one image available:

Mac (PowerPC) and IBM-PPC (POWER5) desktop CD

For Apple Macintosh G3, G4, and G5 computers, including iBooks and PowerBooks as well as IBM OpenPower machines.

EDIT: This answer may prove to be relevant. I'm pretty sure that the port of Ubuntu you're trying to use wont work. As far as I know, there isn't a desktop edition of 12.10 available yet for powerpc's. There is a server edition, and, if you follow the above links, desktop editions of 12.04


Is a disk/ata timeout exception dangerous?

Provide the output of the command smartctl -a /dev/sda (replace sda with all disks) and post on http://paste.ubuntu.com/). This will show whether your disks are trying too often to spin down in order to save energy (which may damage them). In addition, it will show other information such as temperature, and bad sectors.


Use cat instead of cp in differently sized partitions

Sure, cp will work fine. You might have to use shopt -s dotglob so that * matches files and folders whose names begin with .:

shopt -s dotglob
cp -avr /mnt/sdd1/* /mnt/sdc1/

There's also rsync:

rsync -a --info=progress2 /mnt/sdd1/ /mnt/sdc1/

It has a nicer progress display.


PDF not printing on Printer shared via CUPS/SAMBA

I have noticed the same issue when trying to print from Acrobat PDF viewer from Windows 7, using my Debian Wheezy running as Printer Server with CUPS in a RK3188 Android TV Stick and my usb printer Canon MP252 connected in the usb port of that TV Stick.

The solution is to print from inside pdf viewer from Chrome i.e. then prints without a hitch.


Try this:
Start in text-only mode
Switch on your computer. Wait until the BIOS has finished loading, and press and hold Shift, which will bring up the Grub menu.

Select the line which starts with Advanced options.

Select the line ending with (recovery mode)

Press Return and your machine will begin the boot process.

After a few moments, your PC should display a menu with a number of options, including Drop to root shell prompt.
Press Return with this option highlighted.

The PC will start in a terminal.
Run these commands:
Mount partitions in read-write mode
mount -o remount,rw /

mount --all

Update repositories
apt-get update

Install aptitude and deborphan
apt-get install --reinstall aptitude deborphan

Eliminate the components of gnome that are not necessary in Ubuntu Xfce
 aptitude remove '?and(?reverse-depends(gnome),?not(?reverse-depends(?exact-name(xubuntu-desktop))))'

Install xubuntu-desktop
 apt-get install --reinstall xubuntu-desktop

Eliminate orphan packages
 deborphan

 apt-get --purge remove $(deborphan)

 deborphan --libdevel

 apt-get --purge remove $(deborphan --libdevel)

 deborphan --find-config

 dpkg --purge $(deborphan --find-config)

Remove unnecessary packages
 apt-get autoremove

Remove downloaded packages
 apt-get clean

Restart system
reboot


No mouse on installation attempt on old iMac

The solution was to first register, trust, and pair the wireless keyboard to bluetooth using this advice. Once the keyboard was paired, it was a simple matter of walking through basically the same process with the wireless mouse. Thanks to @Nmath for the hint.


Is there a log that shows the exact commands taken to get the server to the current state?

I imagine there are two things you could do. Option A (easier) would be to just make an image of the drive when you first get it and restore from that whenever needed. Option B (harder) would be to diff every file against their originals. "Every file" should be read as the output of dpkg -l and likely everything under /var and /etc.

The only record of what is done to a machine would be what is in your shell history (which they likely didn't leave around for you) and in the logs of utilities like dpkg and apt which can likely be regenerated easier by using dpkg -l than by parsing the logs.

Side note: I guess option C would be to ask your provider what they did.


how to specify the stream for juju when run juju metadata generate-tools command?

When Juju bootstraps a cloud, it needs two critical pieces of information:

The uuid of the image to use when starting new compute instances.
The URL from which to download the correct version of a tools tarball.
This necessary information is stored in a json metadata format called "simplestreams".
For supported public cloud services such as Amazon Web Services, HP Cloud, Azure, etc, no action is required by the end user. However, those setting up a private cloud, or who want to change how things work (eg use a different Ubuntu image), can create their own metadata, after understanding a bit about how it works.

Assume an Apache http server with base URL https://juju-metadata, providing access to information at <base>/images and <base>/tools. The Juju environment yaml file could have the following entries (one or both):

tools-metadata-url: https://juju-metadata/tools
image-metadata-url: https://juju-metadata/images

The required files in each location is as per the directory layout described earlier. For a shared directory, use a URL of the form "file:///sharedpath".

try this now

juju metadata generate-tools -d /home/john/juju


Windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.04lts Dual Boot Issues

Leave secure boot on, and avoid the non-UEFI Windows boot grub entries.  Those have the wrong chainloader +1 command instead of an EFI Path.  You could try to clean them up by editing the files in /etc/grub.d, but that's not really necessary.
Append a good UEFI Windows entry from the grub.cfg file into /etc/grub.d/40_custom, and edit the 30_os-prober to remove the Windows entry (or just remove the permission bit from the 30_os-prober to make all the entries created by it not appear).  Then run

sudo update-grub

to update the grub.cfg file and the grub menu.  Of course, you could just edit the /boot/grub/grub.cfg file directly, but the changes will get overwritten at the next kernel update.


How to boot into Windows 7 when grub is installed in the Windows partition?

Could you create a Bootinfo Summary report using the boot-repair tool as described below and then post the link to the report?

I know you have already provided some details about your boot configuration. However, the report I am asking for contains more detailed information and might give us a better understanding of why you are unable to boot Windows using GRUB.

How to use boot-repair to provide a "Bootinfo Summary"

Since you can still boot Ubuntu, you can install and run the Boot-Repair tool using the apt-get command and then use it to Create a Bootinfo summary.

Run the commands below in a terminal window to install the boot-repair tool.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair

After that completes, enter the command boot-repair to start the tool.
After a slight delay, boot-repair will ask if you want to download its newest version. Since you just installed the newest version, answer No.
If boot-repair asks to install the pastebinit package, respond with Yes.
The tool will now scan your system and (eventually) display the window shown in the image below. Click on the Create a Bootinfo summary box/button. This will collect information about your system's boot configuration, but will not make any changes.

When the bootinfo summary has been created, boot-repair will display a message containing a URL which should look like this: http://paste.ubuntu.com/123456/.

Please update/edit your question and add this URL. The information in the pastebin this link points to will (I hope) help us diagnose the problem.

I think over-writing the Windows partition's VBR caused this problem.

My understanding is that there are several steps to starting an operating system. In your case, I think something like the steps below happens.

The BIOS on your computer attempts to run the code in the first sector of the hard drive. This first sector is usually referred to as the MBR (Master Boot Record).
In addition to the MBR, every partition can also have a boot record. It is often referred to as the Volume Boot Record or VBR. The MBR on your hard drive transfers controls to the VBR of partition 1, your Windows partition.
Windows expect a partition's VBR to take the next step towards booting an operating system such as Windows 7. So Windows would have originally installed a VBR which would transfer control to the Windows bootmgr program in your Windows partition.
However, when you instructed the Ubuntu install a program to install GRUB into the Windows partition, GRUB appears to have replaced the Windows VBR with its own. This GRUB VBR displays the GRUB boot menu.
The instructions GRUB currently uses to boot Windows are essentially to locate the VBR in the Windows partition and transfer control to it. The VBR in the Windows partition is GRUB's VBR. Transferring control to it just (re)displays the GRUB boot menu.

Unfortunately, I am not sure yet what would be the best way to fix this. We want to be careful that we do not break GRUB and make it impossible to boot anything on your computer when we attempt to fix the problem booting Windows.

Below is a copy of some of the information from your Bootinfo Summary for reference. My comments above are based on this information.

============================= Boot Info Summary: ===========================

 => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1
    of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and
    looks for (,msdos2)/boot/grub on this drive.

sda1: ______________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ntfs
    Boot sector type:  Grub2 (v1.99)
    Boot sector info:  Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the boot sector of sda1
                       and looks at sector 44090872 of the same hard drive
                       for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
                       for (,msdos2)/boot/grub on this drive. No errors
                       found in the Boot Parameter Block.
    Operating System:  Windows 7
    Boot files:        /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe

sda2: ______________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ext4
    Boot sector type:  -
    Boot sector info:
    Operating System:  Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
    Boot files:        /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img

A possible workaround to boot Windows 7

Below is a suggestion for editing your GRUB boot commands which may allow you to boot Windows 7. I am not sure this will work, but it seems worth trying.

Currently, your grub.cfg uses the GRUB boot commands below to boot Windows 7.

menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" --class windows --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ntfs
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1EA0019AA0017A13
    chainloader +1
}

I am suggesting you try changing this and use these commands instead.

menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" --class windows --class os {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ntfs
    insmod ntldr
    set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1EA0019AA0017A13
    ntldr ($root)/bootmgr
}

Here are the steps to do this.

Boot your system to the GRUB menu.
Select (highlight) the GRUB boot menu entry Windows 7 (loader) (on
/dev/sda1).
Press e to edit the GRUB boot commands for Windows 7.
Make two changes to this list of commands as illustrated in the menuentry above.

Add the command insmod ntldr
Change the command
chainloader +1
to
ntldr ($root)/bootmgr

Press either Ctrl+X or F10 to boot using
these edited commands.

Note 1:

If the above workaround succeeds in loading the Windows 7 boot menu, then you could make it semi-persistent by

Using sudo to edit the file /etc/grub.d/40_custom and add the second, modified menuentry shown above. (If you do this, I'd also suggest you change the title of this "custom" entry.)
Run the command sudo update-grub to update /boot/grub/grub.cfg to include your customized entry. (It will be on the bottom of the GRUB menu when you boot.)

I would view the suggestion above as only a partly-baked solution. A better solution is to restore the Windows VBR to the Windows partition without also destroying the ability of GRUB to boot.

I think ... but am not 100% sure ... that the Windows recovery command bootsect can be used to do this. If you want to risk it, one possible way to do this is outlined below.

When booting Windows, press F8 to bring up the Advanced Boot Options menu.
Select the Repair Your Computer entry.
Walk through the next windows until you reach System Recovery Options.
Select Command Prompt
Run the command bootsect /nt60 C:

But you might also want to wait a bit and see what other answers you get to your
the question before you take the risk of trying the above.

Note 2:

While searching for other things, I ran across two other questions on AskUbuntu which are related to your problem.

Windows 7 won't boot after installing Ubuntu 11
Windows 7 doesn't boot after Ubuntu install

I'm not sure how much help these questions provide. The answer to the second question was to use the command bootrec /fixboot to restore the VBR for the Windows partition. My understanding from that question was that using the bootrec /fixboot command solved the problem.

But the second question insists that bootrec /fixboot did not solve the problem.

(Beats the heck out of me as to what might be going on there.)


Laptop starts Windows 8.1 after instlling Ubuntu 14.04

Okay so there are are two things that could be happening here.

A) You mentioned secure boot, implying a UEFI system. You may have installed the BIOS boot version of GRUB.

B) You need to use a program such as EasyBCD to add a Linux entry into the Windows boot loader menu and make it visible on boot. Just Google EasyBCD for more info.

Hope this helps !!!


Ugly separators in toolbars - Ambiance - 13.04

The fix is modify some lines the css called 'gtk-widgets.css' located in folder /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0:

Open a terminal with ctrl+alt+T and write sudo nautilus.
Search folder /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0
Modify this lines in css called 'gtk-widgets.css' (first, make a backup).

Add -GtkWidget-wide-separators: true; in default sector.
Replace border-right-color: alpha (shade (*@bg_color*, 1.26), 0.6); for border-right-color: alpha (shade (*v*, 1.26), 0.6); in .separator class.
Delete
border: none; and color: @dark_bg_color; in .menuitem.separator class.

Save and reboot your computer.
Done!


Edge Scrolling resets and disables itself

You have BIOS 68GTT F.0A.

There's a newer BIOS F.20 available to download here.

Note: Do proper backups before updating the BIOS.


vidalia fails to anonymize despite showing green onion

In your question update you write that you applied the configuration to Polipo. Tor uses either Polipo or Privoxy. Privoxy is currently the default proxy and listens by default at port 8118.

Polipo listens at a different port. It uses 8123. So you should change your settings to 127.0.0.1:8123. If everything else is set up correctly it will work now.


differences between chkconfig vs insserv?

chkconfig is just a wrapper and insserv is the actual command.
From the man page of chkconfig:

DESCRIPTION
chkconfig  is  used  to manipulate the runlevel links at boot time (see init.d(7)). It  can  be  thought  of  as  a  frontend  to  insserv(8). Chkconfig  can  run  in six different modes: terse list mode, set mode, edit mode, list mode, add mode and delete mode. The  last  three  modes were added for compatiblity reasons.


That command will change permissions to anything inside /var/www/html/mysite to read, write, execute for owner, group and others. You basically void all form of security.

In case anyone from the outside world gets access to your system they can do anything with these files. Including deleting them.

By the way: I consider this also bad for a development server.

how are you suppose to decide if some script will work on an active server. It might be that the "777" on the development server make it seem like something is working properly but it is not.
what do you do when stuff needs to go live? Check every file for proper permissions?
at some point you will find that the active server acts differently and you will decide to use a "chmod 777" on your active server. Opening a can of worms.

For a correct working website the permissions can be set (and reset) with these 2 commands:

find /var/www/html/mysite -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
find /var/www/html/mysite -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;


How to monitor the memory consumed by a process?

Method 1

Run:

top

Check for the program's PID (first column), then run:

top -p PID

Method 2

Either paste this into the terminal or save it as a mem_usage.sh and run it from terminal.

#! /bin/bash
while :
do
    clear
    ps faux | grep casper
    sleep 1s
done


Ubuntu 18.04 Terminal Showing unwanted stuff!

Have you tried reinstalling the gnome terminal with:

sudo apt purge gnome-terminal && sudo apt install gnome-terminal


Please remove the installation medium then press enter

The installation is asking you to remove whatever media (e.g. USB drive, CD, DVD, etc) that you used to boot the installer and then press the Enter key to reboot the machine.

This way it won't boot into the installer again.


If your PC is too old for 11.10, you should consider using a light weight distribution instead of downgrading to an older Ubuntu version. Try out lubuntu or xubuntu!

If you still want to your run newer programs on an older version of Ubuntu, this is possible but not relly the suggested way. A new version of Ubuntu is released every 6 months and that moment all programs are updated to an up to date version (not only the core system - but actually it's difficult to say what exactly is part of Ubuntu's core system and what are only extra programs). This enables developers to test if everything is working fine with the distributed programs for every Ubuntu version. Otherwise nobody could ensure that all the different versions of programs are compatible. Most GNU/Linux distributions do it that way. Only some provide also a not so stable branch with really up to date software.

So Ubuntu updates are primarily for security patches and bugs but not for new features. If you still want newer versions of some programs on and older version of Ubuntu, there are several ways to do so. Best would be to find backports. If there are no official backports you can add repositories. The worst would be to find a deb file or even a tar ball, but then you won't even get security updates.


In order to get mythTV connected to MySQL you have to import the file mc.sql. On Ubuntu it should be located in /usr/share/mythtv/sql, so the command would be

mysql -uroot -p < /usr/share/mythtv/sql/mc.sql

If you haven't set a root password during installation it should be empty, so on the password prompt simply press enter.


SD card reader not detected on Lenovo ThinkPad L530, RTS5229

Here's the English translation of Christian's solution


Does hibernate work with an encrypted home dir in maverick?

No, hibernate is definitely broken if you encrypt home.  Actually the problem isn't encrypted home per se, it's the encrypted swap that's the problem.

Here's the bug for this issue if you want to track it or comment:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ecryptfs/+bug/432785

Alternately, you can disable encrypted swap, but as the manpage for ecrypt-setup-swap says:

  Encrypted swap is essential to  securing  any  system  using  eCryptfs,
         since  decrypted file contents will exist in the system’s memory, which
         may be swapped to disk at any time.  If the system swap  space  is  not
         also encrypted, it is possible that decrypted files could be written to
         disk in clear text.

If you understand the risks and still feel comfortable disabling swap encryption, I found a good and very to the point HOWTO here:
http://www.logilab.org/blogentry/29155


NO, Gnome Shell if that's what you're referring to by "Gnome 3" uses Mutter for compositing, and the "Glide" visual effect is only available in "Compiz", and no you can't use Compiz with Gnome Shell.


change mount points to another directory

As @psusi rightly stated in his comment "There is no such thing as man in. There is the man command, which prints the manual for a command, and there is the ln command ( not in ) which creates hard and symbolic links."

'ln' doesn't actually move anything. For more information issue the command man ln or see http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man1/ln.1.html


Ubuntu alongside Windows not available, how to install it?

Ubuntu don't need to be on an primary partition.  Just boot with live disk and choose to install.

Option 1 :

Select "Something else" to manually edit the partition table.
Select the unallocated space and create a new partition.
The partition format should be "ext4" or "ext3"
Select / the mount option from drop down.
Then just install ubuntu onto that. A warning may be shown for SWAP space.

Option 2:

This is what I strongly recommend :

use a partition manager tool to boot and convert your data volume to extended partition. Because anyway it will always be data and will not be needed to boot any OS.

After that you can create a primary partition using unallocated space. You can also convert it to extended partition. Data Volume and this new partition will be inside extended partition (I assume your RECOVERY partition is not in between unallocated space and Data partition).

No you can use "run ubuntu alongside windows" option.

One tool I know that can do the conversion efficiently is Acronics Disk director (Paid program). Its very easy to use.


Can I make `sudo` follow my path via CLI?

Ubuntu by default already has secure_path set:

~ sudo -l
Matching Defaults entries for muru on muru-1604:
    env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin
User muru may run the following commands on muru-1604:
    (ALL : ALL) ALL

There is no command-line option that can override secure_path set in sudoers.

From man sudoers:

 secure_path   Path used for every command run from sudo.  If you don't
               trust the people running sudo to have a sane PATH
               environment variable you may want to use this.  Another use
               is if you want to have the “root path” be separate from the
               “user path”.  Users in the group specified by the
               exempt_group option are not affected by secure_path.  This
               option is not set by default.

So either set exempt_group in sudoers and add yourself to that group, or exempt yourself from sudoers:

Defaults:rick !secure_path

(rick presumably being your username.)


I have been using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS for about 6 months and have the problem since the begining - clean system, HP Probook 450. The solution for the slow responding / crashing Nautilus was to delete all the bookmarks (Menu/Bookmarks); the problem did not occurred after. Unfortunately can not confirm if that's a global solution.


16.10 - dragging a file/folder onto another folder no longer opens the target folder

Gnome came to their senses & in a rare occurrence made it an option, (hidden), the default is false. Can be changed in dconf-editor or thru gsettings.

Reference for ubuntu - https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-settings/+bug/1532370

From cli

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences open-folder-on-dnd-hover true

In new dconf-editor, click on value to pop up edit box, ect. ect.


UnclaImed display in ubuntu 21.04 with Rocket Lake

This question has sort of been answered in a question concerning a blank screen. The solution is to install the 5.10 oem kernel. But that caused me to have another problem, my 11900k only turbos to 4.7ghz because for some reason the "powersave" governor in the kernel won't let it go higher. My workaround has been to use cpupower-gui and set all cores for 5.3 and change the governor to "performance" but that keeps the cpu revved up around 5k and about 5C hotter. BUT both of my monitors work even expanding the desktop.
sudo apt install linux-oem-20.04b -y
sudo apt install cpupower-gui -y

run cpupower-gui by typing it into the terminal. You will want to boot into the new kernel first of course and get your monitors working properly.
UPDATE 4/30/2021. I've upgraded to 21.04 but kept the 20.04b kernel. It complains about binaries when installing software but it runs. Today I updated my Asus Z590 Rog Strix bios from 0704 to 0707 and the cpu frequency issue went away, so no need to install cpupower-gui if you don't want to.
Update: 5/8/2021. I have discovered if I used "i915.force_probe=4c8a" in grub with 5.12, 5.12.1, 5.12.2, linux next, kernels etc I can boot ONE monitor only. For dual monitors using both ports I still must run the 20.04b (5.10.0.1023-oem) kernel.


Do I need to reformat? Win 8 > Dual Boot > Ubuntu

You don't need to reformat anything.

Simply boot an Ubuntu installation image. The install wizard will guide you to create a dual-boot ('Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 8.1') and you won't loose any data.


Without seeing the exact error it's hard to tell, but a guess is could be filesystem errors, though ubuntu is usually good about running fsck on bootup when it needs to, running it manually might help (maybe from a live iso/cd, easy to boot from an iso in VirtualBox, VMware maybe too?) See if the system logs say anything about bootup errors, like dmesg &/or /var/log/syslog, anything interesting in /var/log/

Being run in VMware I'd hope there wouldn't be any filesystem errors, I thought VMware handles the "virtual" hard disk itself.

New info:

  the warning is "System program problem detected Do you want to report the problem now?" –  holly

That sounds like a message firefox often gives when it crashes, it's crash reporter program detects and gives that message. I'm not sure exactly which program it is though, "System" is very vague. You could try updating the software / packages, that could fix the offending program? I'd hate to suggest reinstalling Ubuntu (this isn't windows!) but maybe testing the same setup with a new VM, if same error happens would mean a bug (or error in your iso if installing from live disk & no updating)?

And there should still be some clues in dmesg or the log files above, when a program crashes there's usually a line like "... segfault at .... in lib..." (with the "..."'s being probably gibberish-looking memory addresses and codes).


Disable Internet connection for Ubuntu VM on Windows-10 Hyper-V

Most likely the options are disabled because the VM is running. Shut it down, then try again.


The easiest way is actually what you're most familiar with: Just stick a browser on the screen and keep the text in HTML+CSS.

In practice this means using WebKit and that's actually very simple:

import gtk, webkit
# or perhaps you should use:
# from gi.repository import Gtk as gtk, WebKit as webkit

window = gtk.Window()
window.show()
window.resize(1000, 600)

scroller = gtk.ScrolledWindow()
scroller.show()
window.add(scroller)

wk = webkit.WebView()
wk.show()
scroller.add(wk)
wk.open('http://askubuntu.com')

That's just a really simplistic way getting into it. The docs are pretty raw but they should give you an idea of what you can do.

The important thing is you don't waste any time formatting up billions of strings - you let webkit handle it.


Why isnt there a create launcher on desktop right click?

As to why that is a question for the developers, as some of the comments above say.  If you want to edit your question to ask for an easy way to make a launcher, it will likely not be closed as off-topic.

If you are just looking for an easier way to make a launcher, I will include it here...

You can get an easier way to make launchers with alacarte it does not include the right click feature but is easier than creating them by hand.

Alacarte requires that Gnome Fallback be installed as a dependency, which have several other dependencies,  it will need a total 35MB of disk space so it may not be an option if you need to conserve disk space.

After installation, if you don't want the selection of Gnome Classic/Gnome Classic(no effects) as a possible DE's you can delete **gnome-session-fallback** with the Software Center or apt-get.  (there are other ways to get the required dependencies  than allowing Gnome Fallback to be installed but this is the easiest)


Run php File in Browser from Command Line

As for any PHP file, opening the source file in the browser will show a mix of rendered HTML and non-interpreted PHP code (or depending on the PHP code even the full source or nothing): you would get the same result by opening the file from the GUI.

You need to request the page to the server, i.e. in your case localhost:

google-chrome http://localhost/path/to/myfile.php

Where path/to/myfile.php is the relative path to myfile.php from Apache's root directory.


Repartitioned my Drive and now the Ubuntu LiveCD installer always fails to install grub!

Sounds like you were installing grub to the partition instead of the entire disk. To make sure of this you should run the grub-install command manually:

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

Remembering to replace sda to your disks sd name if you have more than one physical disk.


Does Scientific Workplace work with Ubuntu 12.04?

Lyx
There is an alternative to Scientific Workplace running natively in Ubuntu available free for download from the Software Center. This is definitely worth a look as it does not involve any tweaks that you would need to run Windows software.

Virtual Box
Virtual Box or any other virtualization software will enable you to run most Windows software in a virtual machine. This can also be integrated in your desktop but it involves several further steps to perform, and it may not run as smooth as it does on a real machine.


Is it possible to save to the current file without having the dialog box popping out each time

No, apparently not.  I think this is because evince is biased towards viewing documents (and maybe saving a local copy of them) not editing.  You could file a bug.

  On right middle of the first page, there is a box following “Add numbers on lines above". I enter a number and try to save it, but after answering the same "save as" dialog box as above, evince exists unexpectedly, and after I reopen the file, the input to that box is gone.

This works for me in natty, Ubuntu 11.04, so I guess this is a bug that has since been fixed.


Problem with installing champions of regnum on ubuntu 17.10

Manually downloading libpng12-0 from this site and installing it worked for me.

I also had a problem with libjpeg, which was solved installing sudo apt install libjpeg62. And then I had to run the launcher using sudo /usr/local/... to avoid a warning.


File extensions and datatypes

The concept of file extensions is mostly antiquated and kept consistent as a convenience to the user, while the dataformats beneath may change. A very good example are todays Windows .exe-files, which have only very little in common with the .exe-files that were common during the 90s.

File extensions are rather recommendations or naming conventions for certain datatypes (or MIME types), which are mostly application specific. That is how most modern operating systems like Linux and Windows handle datatypes: When applications are installed, they register datatypes that they can handle in the system. That way the user can focus more on productivity by working with or using applications.

Installing software

Open source Linux software is initially published as source code, or rather archives there of. Popular extensions/formats are .tar.gz, .tar.bz or the newer .tar.xz.

Some companies also publish closed source Linux software as compiled binaries in an installer with a .run extension along with installation instructions. If you have problems installing proprietary software consult the offical documentation or contact the companies customer support.

Distributions like Ubuntu package and publish source code as well as binaries. For the binaries the Debian specific package format with the extension .deb is used. Other distributions like Fedora use other extensions/formats, like .rpm.


You can either use a subprocess-style way of forking out (essentially running a command and parsing the output) or you can use the wmctrl package properly:

In [1]: from wmctrl import Window
In [2]: Window.get_active()
Out[2]: Window(id='0x07000062', desktop=0, pid=1878, x=657, y=299, w=1042, h=769, wm_class='terminator.Terminator', host='bert', wm_name='oli@bert: ~', wm_window_role='')

There isn't much in the way of documentation, so I'd suggest running help(Window) if you want to know more... Or just look at the source for the class.


I think I accidentally removed the current linux kernel when trying to free up space in /boot

Just reinstall the linux-image package and everything will be fine.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image

I recommend you although to use some full virtual machine like VirtualBox to test what you want to do before doing that on actual system.


The problem is the same as in the related question, you are running a 64-bit Ubuntu and the fortinet binary is 32-bit. In 11.10 multiarch was introduced which makes it very easy to install 32-bit and 64-bit libraries at the same time, but Ubuntu 10.10 doesn't have multiarch and that's why installing libgtk2.0-0:i386 doesn't work. With older Ubuntu versions some 32-bit libraries are packaged in the ia32-libs package, doing apt-get install ia32-libs will probably solve your problem.

10.10 doesn't have security support anymore by the way, so it might be a good idea to upgrade to 12.04 LTS anyway.

In short:

$ apt-get install ia32-libs


How do I disable the Nvidia GPU on a Dell Vostro 3500?

I don't see anything that says that laptop comes with both. It likely comes with either Intel graphics or NVidia graphics. (there are a few laptops that come with both). What the page you are referencing is probably saying is that it is certified on the versions of laptops that come with Intel graphics, but not the ones with NVidia graphics.

For that reason, you won't be able to switch to Intel Graphics because it doesn't come with both.


Cannot apply 'stat' command for given parameters

There are two different issues.

The first one is you're not quoting your variables: this ultimately makes stat fail for that reason:

search $1 $2 $3 should be search "$1" "$2" "$3";
for elem in $1/* should be for elem in "$1"/*;
owner=`stat --format "%s" $1` should be owner=`stat --format "%s" "$1"`;
size=`stat --format "%U" $1` should be size=`stat --format "%U" "$1"`;
search "$elem" $2 $3 should be search "$elem" "$2" "$3".

The second one is when an empty directory is reached during the recursion, the expansion of for element in $1/* fails and the two stat commands are called on /path/to/empty/directory/*, which doesn't exist:

% bash script.sh /home/user user 0
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Documenti/Musica/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Documenti/Musica/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Documenti/My Games/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Documenti/My Games/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Documenti/Video/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Documenti/Video/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/home/user/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/home/user/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Modelli/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Modelli/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Musica/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Musica/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Pubblici/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Pubblici/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Video/*’: No such file or directory
stat: cannot stat ‘/home/user/Video/*’: No such file or directory
%

One way to fix that would be checking whether the file / directory exists before calling display_owner_and_size, so that to skip the current iteration if we're attempting to stat / traverse a directory that doesn't exist (since the directory is empty there's no reason to stat its content nor to keep traversing that branch of the tree):

[ -e "$elem" ] && display_owner_and_size "$elem" || continue

Adding to that, other errors are:

owner=`stat --format "%s" "$1"` should be owner=`stat --format "%U" "$1"` and size=`stat --format "%U" "$1"` should be size=`stat --format "%s" "$1"`;
You can't use > to make numerical comparisons. Use -gt: if [[ $owner == $2 && $size -gt $3 ]].

So the corrected script would be:

#!/bin/bash

owner="valdsilviufarcas"
size=0

function display_owner_and_size()
{
    owner=`stat --format "%U" "$1"`
    size=`stat --format "%s" "$1"`
}

function search()
{

    for elem in "$1"/*
    do
        [ -e "$elem" ] && display_owner_and_size "$elem" || continue
        if [[ $owner == $2 && $size -gt $3 ]]
        then
            echo $elem
        fi
        if test -d "$elem"
        then
            search "$elem" "$2" "$3"
        fi
    done
}

search "$1" "$2" "$3"


14.04lts installed on USB stick goes into screen dim

the dimming is due to the currently open software waiting for some operation and not responding in the interim. this may be due to extensive reading activity on the USB disk. try copying the data you work on onto the faster HDD.

going for a faster USB drive (USB3.0 and faster/newer system) will help somewhat. but in my experience, does not prevent it from totally not happening.


ubuntu with no gnome-desktop autologin and fullscreen chromium

Install "Slim" desktop manager.
Download for the Ubuntu Software Center:

Or Install with the Terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install slim

Slim can automatically login a user. Just change /etc/slim.conf as described here.

Slim then starts all services in .xinitrc which lies in the home directory of the user that automatically logged in, e.g., /home/some_user/.xinitrc.

In this file you just put the line:

chromium

That should be all.


What are the Linux generic headers and drivers in the Ubuntu base updates?

From time to time Linux kernel is updated in Ubuntu. When it happens, you get updates for Linux image and headers.

The image is a kernel binary file, that contains the kernel itself. The headers is a part of the kernel source code (written in C), that allows to build kernel modules against the specific kernel. The headers contain mostly procedure declarations. These are C header files.

Minor kernel updates include bug fixes and support for some new hardware.


Mount Ubuntu server directory onto local Ubuntu machine, access via terminal

I ended up putting the following lines in my .bash_aliases file:

alias mountwwbp="sshfs -o nonempty wbp:/home/user /home/user/wbp-home"
alias umountwwbp="fusermount -u /home/user/wbp-home"


Try with installing printer-driver-escpr.

 sudo apt-get install printer-driver-escpr

Then reboot.


Problem with RPM to DEB conversion by using alien

I went ahead and grabbed ras-something-src.rpm from here.

It appears to just be a python script and a readme.

If you use alien -g it will just generate the build directory so you can examine the contents.  Here they are on pastebin ras.py and README.

Even with the key warning the rpm to deb conversion succeeds.  I would look at the debian packaging guide and just use sudo alien -g whatever.rpm to generate your build directory.  Then go through the normal package build steps.


Skype doesn't work through Empathy 3.4 but works in Pidgin

Hey man I couldn't find an answer yet either. I'm sure it'll be fixed eventually. However I did find a good (if not better) alternative. It's the skype-wrapper. I followed the instructions on the second comment here and upon finishing I restarted my computer. On my computer it was a little glitchy before I restarted the computer (crashing and such) and then once I restarted and ran the command skype-wrapper in the terminal, it worked perfectly. No Skype icon or anything. So I'd give this a shot as it worked for me.

Regards,

Patrick


Can't type polish letters in Adobe Reader forms

It looks like a problem with the fonts (This happens frequently with Microsoft fonts like Arial,Bold or Arial,Narrow.). You can try installing microsoft fonts:

sudo apt-get install ttf-mscorefonts-installer

Then edit the startup file:

sudo gedit /opt/Adobe/Reader8/bin/acroread

And change

# Enable this if you donot want Adobe Reader to cache Font-config fonts
# ACRO_DISABLE_FONT_CONFIG=1
# export ACRO_DISABLE_FONT_CONFIG

To

# Enable this if you donot want Adobe Reader to cache Font-config fonts
ACRO_DISABLE_FONT_CONFIG=1
export ACRO_DISABLE_FONT_CONFIG

Please let me know if this solution works for you.


Can Alt+F2(running command prompt shortcut) shortcut run commands with root permission?

After you typed sudo -i (or sudo cat /etc/shadow) the sudo command tried to read your password from the terminal. However, if you run the command that way, there is no terminal from which sudo could read the password; so it just aborted.
As @steeldriver noticed above, you need a terminal to run most command line tools (and sudo is one of them). Open a terminal first, and then type sudo -i in the terminal window.
If you want to run GUI (not command line) programs with root permission, the GUI alternative to sudo is pkexec; however it's usage is a bit more complicated than sudo. For example, that's how I run GNOME terminal window with root permissions:
pkexec env DISPLAY=$DISPLAY XAUTHORITY=$XAUTHORITY gnome-terminal


openjdk-7-jre installed, but no binaries

The files you're looking for aren't in openjdk-7-jre; they're in openjdk-7-jre-headless.

The openjdk-7-jre-headless package installs the following list of files (from Ubuntu 15.10 amd64 installation):

/.
/usr
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/jvm
/usr/lib/jvm/.java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64.jinfo
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/ja_JP.UTF-8
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/man1
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/ja_JP.UTF-8
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/rmiregistry.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/pack200.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/keytool.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/orbd.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/rmid.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/servertool.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/unpack200.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/tnameserv.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/java.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1/rmiregistry.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1/pack200.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1/keytool.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1/orbd.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1/rmid.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1/servertool.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1/unpack200.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1/tnameserv.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1/java.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/THIRD_PARTY_README
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/ASSEMBLY_EXCEPTION
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/rt.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/currency.data
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/images
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/images/cursors
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/images/cursors/motif_LinkDrop32x32.gif
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/images/cursors/motif_MoveNoDrop32x32.gif
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/images/cursors/motif_LinkNoDrop32x32.gif
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/images/cursors/motif_MoveDrop32x32.gif
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/images/cursors/motif_CopyNoDrop32x32.gif
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/images/cursors/invalid32x32.gif
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/images/cursors/motif_CopyDrop32x32.gif
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/jvm.hprof.txt
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/javazic.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/classlist
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/management-agent.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/security
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/security/US_export_policy.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/security/local_policy.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/jsse.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/jce.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/cmm
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/cmm/PYCC.pf
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/cmm/LINEAR_RGB.pf
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/cmm/sRGB.pf
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/cmm/GRAY.pf
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/cmm/CIEXYZ.pf
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libinstrument.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libj2krb5.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/headless
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/headless/libmawt.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/server
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/server/libjvm.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/server/Xusage.txt
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libjawt.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libjsdt.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libunpack.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libawt.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libicedtea-sound.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libnpt.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libhprof.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libjsound.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libj2gss.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libjaas_unix.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libzip.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libnio.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libjavalcms.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libverify.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libj2pcsc.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libmanagement.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libmlib_image.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/jli
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/jli/libjli.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libsaproc.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libdt_socket.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libjava.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libsctp.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libnet.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libattach.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libjavajpeg.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/jvm.cfg-default
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libj2pkcs11.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libjava_crw_demo.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libjsig.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libjdwp.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/libfontmanager.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/management
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/resources.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/ext
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/ext/icedtea-sound.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/meta-index
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/jar.binfmt
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/rhino.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/jexec
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/compilefontconfig.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/charsets.jar
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/orbd
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/pack200
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/keytool
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/rmiregistry
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/tnameserv
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/rmid
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/servertool
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/unpack200
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/java-rmi.cgi
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-7-jre-headless
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-7-jre-headless/JAVA_HOME
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-7-jre-headless/NEWS.IcedTea.gz
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-7-jre-headless/README.alternatives
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-7-jre-headless/AUTHORS.IcedTea
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-7-jre-headless/copyright
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-7-jre-headless/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-7-jre-headless/README.Debian
/usr/share/doc/openjdk-7-jre-headless/README.IcedTea.gz
/usr/share/binfmts
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/openjdk-7-jre-headless
/etc
/etc/java-7-openjdk
/etc/java-7-openjdk/fontconfig.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/images
/etc/java-7-openjdk/images/cursors
/etc/java-7-openjdk/images/cursors/cursors.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/sound.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/logging.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/jvm-amd64.cfg
/etc/java-7-openjdk/accessibility.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/net.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/swing.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/tz.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/calendars.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/flavormap.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/psfontj2d.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/security
/etc/java-7-openjdk/security/nss.cfg
/etc/java-7-openjdk/security/java.policy
/etc/java-7-openjdk/security/java.security
/etc/java-7-openjdk/management
/etc/java-7-openjdk/management/jmxremote.password
/etc/java-7-openjdk/management/management.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/management/jmxremote.access
/etc/java-7-openjdk/management/snmp.acl
/etc/java-7-openjdk/content-types.properties
/etc/java-7-openjdk/psfont.properties.ja
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/rmiregistry.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/pack200.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/keytool.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/orbd.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/rmid.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/servertool.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/unpack200.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/tnameserv.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/ja_JP.UTF-8/man1/java.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/ja
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/man1/rmiregistry.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/man1/pack200.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/man1/keytool.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/man1/orbd.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/man1/rmid.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/man1/servertool.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/man1/unpack200.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/man1/tnameserv.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/man/man1/java.1.gz
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/ja
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/fontconfig.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/images/cursors/cursors.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/sound.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/logging.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/accessibility.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/net.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/swing.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/tz.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/calendars.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/flavormap.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/psfontj2d.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/security/nss.cfg
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/security/cacerts
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/security/java.policy
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/security/java.security
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/jvm.cfg
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/amd64/server/libjsig.so
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/management/jmxremote.password
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/management/management.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/management/jmxremote.access
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/management/snmp.acl
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/content-types.properties
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/psfont.properties.ja
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/zi
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/docs
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/orbd
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/pack200
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/keytool
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/rmiregistry
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/tnameserv
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/rmid
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/servertool
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/unpack200
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64


First, get rid of Windows XP. The system is outdated, lacking any kind of patches and is therefore dangerous to be connected to the internet.

Second, no you cannot use the already existing binaries of steam on your windows drive. It's a completely different version. Luckily, it is very easy to install steam on ubuntu using its package manager aptitude. Coming from windows, you will come to love it, trust me.

Now regarding steam: Just open up a terminal (CTRL+t) and enter sudo apt-get install steam, which will prompt you for your password. That should download and install steam automatically and keep it updated in the future.

Before you can fully enjoy games, you might have to install additional graphics drivers. Read the official ubuntu wiki page for steam for more information on that.


Why are the images produced by pdfimages different when using the -all flag?

pdfimages -all returns the exact file that was stored in the pdf.

We can test this by doing a round-trip: starting with a jpg image, we add it to a pdf using LaTeX, extract it using pdfimages -all, and then compare it to the original.  (The reason for using LaTeX will be explained later.)

I have the first jpg image as extracted from your link and I named it device.jpg.  Let's put it in a PDF file using LaTeX:

$ cat img.tex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{document}
\includegraphics[width=5in,keepaspectratio]{device}
\end{document}
$ pdflatex img
[...snip...]
Output written on img.pdf (1 page, 672455 bytes).
Transcript written on img.log.

Now, let's extract it using pdfimages -all and compare it with the original:

$ pdfimages -all img.pdf img-all
$ cmp device.jpg img-all-000.jpg
$

The extracted jpg is byte-for-byte identical to the original.

Footnote: the reason for using LaTeX

The above test cannot be done using just any PDF creator.  This is because not all PDF creators will put images into a PDF unmolested.  For example, let's try ImageMagick's convert:

$ convert device.jpg device.pdf
$ pdfimages -all device.pdf device-all
$ cmp device.jpg device-all-000.jpg
device.jpg device-all-000.jpg differ: byte 4, line 1

convert re-sampled the image to a smaller size before placing it in the pdf.

$ ls -1s device.jpg device-all-000.jpg
528 device-all-000.jpg
656 device.jpg

Image accuracy was part of pdflatex's design goals.  Other PDF creation software may, by default, "optimize" images before placing them in the PDF.

Update: ShreevatsaR points out that the img2pdf utility also provides a lossless method to convert images to PDF.  Non-TeX users will also likely find it much simpler to use.


A nifty tool for checking whether the expected Hadoop processes are running is jps :: PROBLEM

This is not a Hadoop problem; you just have to put the jps executable into your path or create an alias for jps. The location of the jps executable is somewhere under the /usr/lib/jvm directory. To find the location of the jps executable browse to the /usr/lib/jvm directory and search for jps from there.

First you have to install openjdk-6-jdk. (If you want to install openjdk-7-jdk read the last paragraph.) Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-6-jdk

Next make an alias for the jps executable. Example of a command to create an alias for jps:

alias jps='/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/bin/jps'

If you want to install openjdk-7-jdk instead of openjdk-6-jdk, you can still use the preceding two commands by substituting the string openjdk-7-jdk for openjdk-6-jdk


How to extract iso images to the hard disk?

If you are comfortable with the command line you can make use of the loop-back device.

All you'll need is an empty folder, so either use an existing one or create an new one:

mkdir test_folder

then run:

sudo mount -o loop,ro -t iso9660 filename.iso test_folder

If you are not sure about the filesystem type of the .iso, your system might be able to auto-detect it. This works on Ubuntu 18.04 with the Ubuntu installation ISOs for example:

sudo mount filename.iso test_folder

Now you can just cd test_folder or just ls test_folder to see the contents. No need to extract anything.

To "remove" the .iso, just type:

umount /path/to/test_folder


Ubuntu on Lenovo RYZEN shows Lenovo logo after grub

I tried again with Ubuntu 19.10 instead of 18.04.2 LTS and it works perfectly well.


I have a bit older macbook 15" (model name 5.2)
And all works fine. Ive spent some effort on getting it to work in EFI mode though.

Are you booting your mac in EFI mode , or in the old "legacy mode"?

You can try to efi boot your mac from a ubuntu livecd/ USB   (you will be presented with both efi boot ubuntu or "legacy"

check from there if both cpu:s are detected


Can't get Postman installed and working on Ubuntu

Download postman for Linux from the following link.
Postman - Downloads
Open a terminal and then go to the directory where you downloaded the application. Check the filename; in my case, it was Postman-linux-x64-6.2.4.tar.gz. Now execute the following commands.
sudo tar -xzf Postman-linux-x64-6.2.4.tar.gz
rm Postman-linux-x64-6.2.4.tar.gz
sudo mv Postman /opt/Postman
sudo ln -s /opt/Postman/Postman /usr/bin/postman

Now, you can run Postman by entering postman in the terminal. Later you can make a desktop entry for it.


Remove files with specific extensions by regexp

On the command line, you should be using a shell glob instead of trying to regex-match the output of ls. For example, in bash you could use either a brace expansion

rm "$FILENAME".{aux,dvi,log,ps}

or (if extended globbing is enabled)

rm "$FILENAME".!(tex|pdf)

Within a Makefile, you should probably be using the make command's own text transformation functions - in the case of GNU make for example you could use addprefix e.g.

FILENAME = foo

.PHONY: clean
clean:
        @echo rm $(addprefix $(FILENAME),.aux .dvi .log .ps)

giving

$ make clean
rm foo.aux foo.dvi foo.log foo.ps

See GNU make: Functions for String Substitution and Analysis


Reverse usermod nologin Action On Sole User

You need to follow the folloing steps.
First restart your PC, wait for the GRUB menu to appear(similar to this)

Now, select the Advanced option for Ubuntu and click Enter
There will be two options, select the option to go to recovery mode.
Now you will be present with different options of recovery mode. Now you have to  choose Root Drop into root shell prompt
You need to have write access to the root partition. By default, it has only read-only access using the command
mount -rw -o remount /

Now, list all the users that are present in the system
ls /home

Use the command
usermod --unlock <username>

where <username> is the user from the list whose password is to be reset. The usermod command modifies the system account.
Then exit the root shell prompt by typing exit
When you exit, you will be back to the recovery mode menu. Select resume for normal boot option.


Ubuntu Server 14.04 does not recognize the hard drive on PowerEdge 2950 with SAS6 iR

Try to press [Ctrl+E] during POST and configure your VDs again in the FakeRAID firmware, then choose the desired boot VD.

After this, restarting the Ubuntu installation process should offer you the fake RAID volumes.

However, you won't be able to complete the installation successfully because of bug #1370368 which prevents GRUB from installing. Even if you skip bootloader installation and install GRUB afterwards (from a desktop LiveCD, for example), the system won't boot from the fake RAID because of an infinite loop during array assembly when Ubuntu boots up:

incrementally starting raid arrays
mdadm: Create user root not found
mdadm: create group disk not found


Filter files according to owner under same directory

find /some/path -type f -printf "%u/%P\n" | awk -F/ '{u=$1; sub($1"/", ""); print > u}'

find's -printf option is very powerful. In this case, I tell it to print the username and the relative file path separated by a slash (e.g., muru/foo/bar (or you could use %p instead of %P, for muru//some/path/foo/bar).
Then, in awk, splitting on /, I save the first field (the username), remove it from the input, and then print the input to that username.

Example:

$ find /var/lib -type f -printf "%u/%p\n" | awk -F/ '{u=$1; sub($1"/", ""); print > u}'
$ ls
colord  nobody  ntp  ptokax  root  systemd-timesync
$ head ntp
/var/lib/ntp/ntp.drift
$ head nobody
/var/lib/nfs/state
$ head root
/var/lib/dbus/machine-id
/var/lib/os-prober/labels
/var/lib/xkb/README.compiled
/var/lib/logrotate.status
/var/lib/nfs/rmtab


Is it possible to recuperate a file overwritten by Ubuntu One?

You can contact Ubuntu One Support. For the future you could use a version control system to keep track of your different files. There is a odtdiff possibility in git, for instance.


Internet does not work well on Ubuntu but does so on Windows

I'm not sure this is the issue, but you could try disabling IPv6. In NetworkManager, go to Edit connections..., then choose your connection and click Edit.... On the IPv6 Settings tab set Method to Ignore and re-connect.


Where can I find the application executables in the filesystem?

The complete answer is to check out the Filesystem Hierachy Standard documentation on what stuff goes where.

But in your case, if you want to know where a particular executable is (for example firefox) use

which firefox

And you will get the full path like this

/usr/bin/firefox


How can I automate opening and closing groups of applications?

You can make a shell script with something like this :

#!/bin/bash

my_pgrm0 &
my_pgrm1 &
my_pgrm2 &
...
my_pgrmN &

All your programs (from my_pgrm0 to my_pgrmN) will be launched when you execute the script.

For closing the program, same thing with another script :

#!/bin/bash

MY_PGRM_LIST=my_pgrm0 my_pgrm1 my_pgrm2 ... my_pgrmN

for PGRM in $MY_PGRM_LIST; do
    killall $PGRM
    # Or searching the program with ps aux | grep $PGRM, retrieving the process id and then give this process to kill -9
done


ubuntu server 14.04 port 21 keeps closing

It's not exactly a solution, but you probably don't need to reboot you computer, just try to restart your networking service! Your software may be causing some exceptions to occur on your machine, that will later block the port!

When that happens again try this!

sudo service networking restart
#sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart #the old fashioned way

The above will restart your networking interfaces!


Lenses & Scopes - Is it possible to copy content by clicking on it in the Dash?

The scope's activate_uri method could be used to copy text to the system clipboard with the following:

clipboard = Gtk.Clipboard.get(Gdk.SELECTION_CLIPBOARD)
clipboard.set_text('text', -1)
clipboard.store()


If my understanding is correct, when you empty the trash can all the files in it are completely deleted.

If you want to make sure that a file is deleted, you can delete files using the rm command, although this is dangerous, as you can easily break your system or delete many files if you accidentally mistype this command.

If you want more info on rm, look on its manpage.


I followed instructions to install Spotify on Ubuntu 13.04 and nothing happened

Try the official package, its been a while since they released a preview client for linux.

Basic instructions:

Add the repo

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free'

Accept spotify server key

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 94558F59

Update repos and install spotify

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install spotify-client

More details here in the link below:

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/01/how-to-install-spotify-in-ubuntu-12-04-12-10


If you have installed the Adaptec RAID Controller software, then you can use arcconf getconfig to return some of that information.
arcconf getconfig 1 AL

This will return all information about controllers, logical drives, physical drives, and flash backup systems on the card, as well as fan, power supply, and temperature status. It's most certainly overkill, but will give you that information.


openstack devstack - Unable to stop service using screen

I got the way of doing the same:

Actually After listing the services I needed to click enter.

Then it was listing log.

After that I need to press ctrl + C.

So that service is stopped.

Now I can be able to press up arrow and can run the command to start the same.


PyCharm, installed as a snap, keeps stating "Python Debugger Extension Available" every time the debugger is started

I answer my own question, since I did not find a solution to my specific problem.
Most of the time the problem is a missing C-Compiler or people trying to build the extension manually into the snap which is read-only.
But I did not find a solution to when the extension was built, but not found.
My specific problem was, that I was using the .env plugin in the run configuration to set environment variables from a file.
Inside that file I was setting the PYTHONPATH.
Apparently PyCharm adds the path to the extension /home/XXX/.cache/JetBrains/PyCharm2021.1/cythonExtensions to the PYTHONPATH which is then overwritten by the plugin.
So if the extension is built (there is a _pydevd_bundle_ext and a _pydevd_frame_eval_ext folder under cythonExtensions) but not used, make sure that the extension directory is in the PYTHONPATH.


Use IOzone to check read/write performance of ext4 and btrfs?

For example:

iozone -Rb spreadsheet_output_16M.xls -s 16G -r 16M

But please note that comparing ext4 to btrfs is comparing apples to oranges - btrfs does a lot more then what ext4 does (for example checking the checksum of read blocks to ensure validity) so I'd expect it to be slower then ext4.


Ubuntu 14.10 Cursor Broken after upgrade from 14.04

Try:

On Grub, press e and append acpi=off in linux line.

Ex: linux  /vmlinuz-3.16.0-23-generic root=/dev/mapper/sda1 ro acpi=off

Then press Ctrl+X and wait for the system to boot.


Installing Ubuntu One on Ubuntu 11.10 server

You need to read point 5 in https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuOne/Headless which is linked in the answer on that question.


How to use a downloaded Firefox and be able to launch it (with its icon) from the Unity toolbar?

The most up-to-date one should be available from the Software Center on a supported version of Ubuntu, perhaps you should make sure that your software sources are up-to-date by running the Software Updater or this in Terminal (CTRL + ALT + T):

sudo apt-get update

If you still do not get the latest then you are either running an End-Of-Life version of Ubuntu (in which case you should upgrade to continue receiving updates and support - including from this site) or you have some other system problem or you are wanting the latest Beta version. If it is the Beta version you want then you can add the official Mozilla Firefox Beta PPA with:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:mozillateam/firefox-next
sudo apt-get update

And then upgrade to the Beta version with:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

However to directly answer your question, if you still want just to use the version which you have downloaded then follow these instructions:

Please note that it may be advisable to uninstall the Firefox you have from the repositories first (run sudo apt-get remove firefox in Terminal (CTRL + ALT + T)).

Place the unzipped tarball in /opt (this is the ideal place to place something like this - though you will need to be root to do this (you can use sudo cp -r /file/path/to/unzipped/firefox/folder/ /opt/firefox)) - this should be a folder called firefox
In Terminal run the command sudo -H gedit /usr/share/applications/newfirefox.desktop
Put the following into the file and save it:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=New Firefox Web Browser
Comment=Browse the World Wide Web
GenericName=Web Browser
Keywords=Internet;WWW;Browser;Web;Explorer
Exec=/opt/firefox/firefox %u
Terminal=false
X-MultipleArgs=false
Type=Application
Icon=/opt/firefox/browser/icons/mozicon128.png
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Network;WebBrowser;
MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml+xml;application/xml;application/rss+xml;application/rdf+xml;image/gif;image/jpeg;image/png;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;x-scheme-handler/ftp;x-scheme-handler/chrome;video/webm;application/x-xpinstall;
StartupNotify=true
Actions=NewWindow;NewPrivateWindow;

[Desktop Action NewWindow]
Name=Open a New Window
Exec=/opt/firefox/firefox -new-window

[Desktop Action NewPrivateWindow]
Name=Open a New Private Window
Exec=/opt/firefox/firefox -private-window

Now when you search for Firefox in the Unity dash you should see an icon with the Firefox logo called New Firefox Web Browser, if you click on that you will get the Firefox which you put in /opt, you can also pin it to the Unity Launcher by right-clicking on it then once it is open and clicking the Lock to Launcher button:

When a new version of Firefox comes out simply download the tarball for that, unzip it, and place the firefox folder in /opt (replacing the old one obviously).


How do I un-install / remove a click package

This is due to be hooked up in the UI soon.  For now:

sudo click unregister --user=phablet PACKAGE-NAME

... where PACKAGE-NAME is the name displayed in the first column of "click list".


Lubuntu alternate installer torrent tracker error

The following link is a better alternative to get Lubuntu with the Xenial kernel,

http://cdimages.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/xenial/release/lubuntu-16.04.1-alternate-amd64.iso.torrent

This torrent file provides a version that is more debugged and polished compared to the original 16.04 LTS version, and there is no complaint about the torrent file, when using it in Transmission. (12 clients were feeding the torrent, and the iso file was good, when I checked it with md5sum afterwards.)


I had the same error while compiling libx11 on Ubuntu 14.04, and I fixed it by running autoreconf, and then rerunning ./configure && make

autoreconf
./configure
make


Assuming you are using resolvconf

Open resolvconf config in gedit via

gksudo gedit /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/original

This should result in a dialog asking for your password and then open the UI texteditor Gedit with the following file: /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/original

This file usually contains a line like that

nameserver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

This would mean there are to nameserver configured:
 - 8.8.8.8 and
 - 8.8.4.4

Edit the file to your needs and save & quit gedit.

Finish with

sudo resolvconf -u

UPDATE:

Just realized this post covers the topic way better then i did.


Type exit at the prompt and the system should boot.
After that  edit your /boot/grub/menu.lst to wait longer for the root device. Add rootdelay=XXX parameter, or adjust it to a bigger value.


How do I install the Mirage Image viewer on Ubuntu 20.04?

You can install Mirage's package with dependencies from 19.10 repository by executing:
mkdir -p ~/Downloads/mirage
cd ~/Downloads/mirage

wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/e/exiv2/libexiv2-14_0.25-4ubuntu2.2_amd64.deb
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pyexiv2/python-pyexiv2_0.3.2-9_amd64.deb
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pygtk/python-gtk2_2.24.0-6_amd64.deb
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/m/mirage/mirage_0.9.5.2-1_amd64.deb

sudo apt-get install ./*.deb


How to disable sleep / suspend / hibernate HP keyboard buttons for Ubuntu 18.04?

In addition to the Gnome Power settings you can set the systemd settings found in /etc/systemd/logind.conf:

My laptop looks like this:

$ cat /etc/systemd/logind.conf

#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.
#
# Entries in this file show the compile time defaults.
# You can change settings by editing this file.
# Defaults can be restored by simply deleting this file.
#
# See logind.conf(5) for details.

[Login]
#NAutoVTs=6
#ReserveVT=6
#KillUserProcesses=no
#KillOnlyUsers=
#KillExcludeUsers=root
#InhibitDelayMaxSec=5
#HandlePowerKey=poweroff
#HandleSuspendKey=suspend
#HandleHibernateKey=hibernate
HandleLidSwitch=ignore
#HandleLidSwitchDocked=ignore
#PowerKeyIgnoreInhibited=no
#SuspendKeyIgnoreInhibited=no
#HibernateKeyIgnoreInhibited=no
#LidSwitchIgnoreInhibited=yes
#HoldoffTimeoutSec=30s
#IdleAction=ignore
#IdleActionSec=30min
#RuntimeDirectorySize=10%
#RemoveIPC=yes
#UserTasksMax=12288

Notice on my system the only option I've changed is HandleLidswitch. For your system I would override these defaults:

#HandleSuspendKey=suspend
#HandleHibernateKey=hibernate

to this:

HandleSuspendKey=ignore
HandleHibernateKey=ignore

systemd is a little unique in that a line beginning with a hashtag (#) is not only a comment but also represents the default action taken.

Unfortunately I don't have your keyboard to test this configuration.

NOTE: After saving changes either reboot to activate or use:

sudo systemctl restart systemd-logind.service


Latest Ubuntu is 13.04. You could make livecd (on USB for example) and install new Ubuntu on older one (don't forget to format old Ubuntu partition). Then when booting - GRUB should see both Ubuntu and Windows. Always worked for me.

I understand that you are not able to boot neither Linux nor Windows?


Install Ubuntu 10.10 server from USB (with GRUB4DOS)

It's awfully simple:

Set GRUB4DOS to boot from ISO, (which is what you probably done already)
When Ubuntu Installer complains about no CD-ROM select go to shell console option,
Use a set of commands like this one:

mkdir /mnt/tmp
mount /dev/<your USB dev path here, probably sdb1 if you have 1 HDD> ~/mnt/tmp
mount -o loop -t iso9660 <path to ISO on your USB> /cdrom
exit

Go back to installer and enjoy

Hope it helps somebody... I've spent lots of time looking for this solution, until finally coming to it by myself.


How can I integrate Firefox with KDE's theme?

install a GTK+ theme that's compatible with your KDE theme

i'm using oxygen for KDE and installed the oxygen-gtk theme to have all my GTK+ apps look like my Qt apps


Can Ubuntu 13.10 use QQ International without wine?

Yes there is beta version of qq international package was available for download on Linux.

Download the .deb file from here.
Move to the directory where .deb file was downloaded using cd.
Install the .deb file by running the below command,

sudo dpkg -i <packagename>.deb

How to connect to the QQ Messenger network?


How to share a directory from host to guest machine in VirtualBox

Easiest to use VirtualBox Shared Folders.

Make sure that Guest Additions is installed in your VM.

In the Shared Folder setting for your VM... ie: using my Desktop folder...

In your VM...

In terminal...

sudo adduser $USER vboxsf # add user to vboxsf group

Log out, log in so that vboxsf is available.

Open a Files window and open the shared Desktop (in my example) folder. You may also see a sf_Desktop folder icon on the desktop.


WOL upstart script won't run upon reboot 12.04.4

First, there is no job by the name of "network" on ubuntu 12.04. You should use started networking instead.

Next, perhaps making this an instance job would help. Try this:

start on net-device-up

instance $IFACE

task

pre-start exec logger -t 'wakeonlan init script' enabling wake on lan for $IFACE

exec ethtool -s $IFACE wol g

What I think is happening is that the one interface in /proc/net/dev does not support wol, and so your job does not continue with the rest of the interfaces. The job above will turn on wol for each interface individually, so one failing does not affect the others. In addition, this job works when your interfaces come up post-boot (hotplug).


Ubuntu stops loading with "starting version 219" on screen after switching to propriety driver

Follow this post to get into recovery mode:

How do I boot into recovery mode?

In essence:

  Switch on your computer.
  Wait until the BIOS has finished loading, or has almost finished. (During this time you will probably see a logo of your computer
  manufacturer.)
  Quickly press and hold the Shift key, which will bring up the GNU GRUB menu. (If you see the Ubuntu logo, you've missed the point where
  you can enter the GRUB menu.) **
  Select the line which starts with "Advanced options". *
  Select the line ending with "(recovery mode)"

And then remove all ATI propietary drivers following this other post:

How do I remove the proprietary ATI drivers?

  Try to completely remove your ATI drivers from your system:

sudo apt-get purge "fglrx.*"

  Remove your xorg.conf

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

  Reinstall xorg completely

sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-core
libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64
libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64

  Re-configure Xorg

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

  Reboot

sudo reboot


How do I get to which window I am hovering over?

Usually, you could set up the scale/scale add-ons plugin (by installing the compiz extra plugins package and ccsm - compiz config settings manager) to show a customizable window title across the window (you could change font size, and the behaviour -- show title only on window you are currently hovering over or all the windows. Unfortunately, the option doesn't seem to work in the latest version, for reasons unknown, I clearly remember using it before. I suggest you try it yourself because it might be an isolated incident only affecting me.

Here's a preview of the plugin window in CCSM, yet it doesn't work: http://i.stack.imgur.com/55sk4.png


Which program in ubuntu shows network usage at unity panel top-right beside the indicator?

You can  use indicator-netspeed to see the network traffic. You will have to add a new repository to install this. open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Once its installed you have to log out and log back in. By default it shows the traffic of your wifi. You will have to change it to eth0if you are connected to the internet using ethernet.

You can also use indicator multiload to view a graph of your network usage.
you can install it using sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload. Once its installed you can open it from the dash. You may have to edit the preferences to see the network graph.


Here is a script. Without a parameter, the script lists some infos. With --delete, the list files will be removed, if no packages are installed.
#!/usr/bin/env bash
for f in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list; do
    grep -Po "(?<=^deb\s).*?(?=#|$)" "$f" | while read -r ENTRY ; do
    echo "ENTRY: $ENTRY"

    # Sanitize entry line by removing stuff between square brackets
    ENTRY=$(echo "$ENTRY" | sed 's/\[.*\] //')

        HOST=$(cut -d/ -f3 <<< "$ENTRY")

        if [ "ppa.launchpad.net" = "$HOST" ]; then
          USER=$(cut -d/ -f4 <<< "$ENTRY")
          PPA=$(cut -d/ -f5 <<< "$ENTRY")
          packageCount=$(awk '$1=="Package:" {if (a[$2]++ == 0) {system("dpkg -l "$2)}}' /var/lib/apt/lists/*"$USER"*"$PPA"*Packages 2>/dev/null | awk '/^ii/' | wc -l)
          echo "PPA: ppa:$USER/$PPA"
          echo "FILENAME: $f"
          echo "$packageCount package(s) installed"
          if [ "$packageCount" -eq 0 ] && [ "$1" == "--delete" ]; then
            sudo rm "$f" && echo "$f deleted"
          fi
          echo
        else
          USER=$(cut -d/ -f3 <<< "$ENTRY")
          PPA=$(cut -d/ -f4 <<< "$ENTRY")
          packageCount=$(awk '$1=="Package:" {if (a[$2]++ == 0) {system("dpkg -l "$2)}}' /var/lib/apt/lists/*"$USER"*Packages 2>/dev/null | awk '/^ii/' | wc -l)
          echo "REPOSITORY: $USER/$PPA"
          echo "FILENAME: $f"
          echo "$packageCount package(s) installed"
          if [ "$packageCount" -eq 0 ] && [ "$1" == "--delete" ]; then
            sudo rm "$f" && echo "$f deleted"
          fi
          echo
        fi
    done
done

Copy the code above in a new file, e.g.:
mkdir -p ~/bin
nano ~/bin/checkPPAs

Make the script executable
chmod +x ~/bin/checkPPAs

And run it with
~/bin/checkPPAs

to list all repositories and the number of installed packages.
Start the script with
~/bin/checkPPAs --delete

to remove the list files.

Sample output on my system
ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/y-ppa-manager/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webupd8team-ubuntu-y-ppa-manager-vivid.list
3 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/nilarimogard/webupd8/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nilarimogard-ubuntu-webupd8-vivid.list
5 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/obsproject/obs-studio/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:obsproject/obs-studio
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/obsproject-ubuntu-obs-studio-vivid.list
1 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu vivid-getdeb apps
REPOSITORY: archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu vivid-getdeb apps
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list
7 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/psi-plus/ppa/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:psi-plus/ppa
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/psi-plus-ubuntu-ppa-vivid.list
15 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/libreoffice/ppa/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:libreoffice/ppa
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libreoffice-ubuntu-ppa-vivid.list
24 package(s) installed

ENTRY: https://deb.nodesource.com/node_0.12 vivid main
REPOSITORY: deb.nodesource.com/node_0.12 vivid main
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list
1 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main
REPOSITORY: dl.google.com/linux
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
2 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/gnome3-team/gnome3/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gnome3-team-ubuntu-gnome3-vivid.list
273 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/noobslab/apps/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:noobslab/apps
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/noobslab-ubuntu-apps-vivid.list
0 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntuhandbook1/corebird/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/corebird
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntuhandbook1-ubuntu-corebird-vivid.list
1 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/unstable/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:webupd8team/unstable
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webupd8team-ubuntu-unstable-vivid.list
1 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian wheezy main
REPOSITORY: download.mono-project.com/repo
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.list
166 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp-edge/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp-edge
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/otto-kesselgulasch-ubuntu-gimp-edge-vivid.list
5 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/numix/ppa/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:numix/ppa
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/numix-ubuntu-ppa-vivid.list
3 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/atom/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:webupd8team/atom
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webupd8team-ubuntu-atom-vivid.list
1 package(s) installed

ENTRY: https://packages.graylog2.org/repo/debian/ trusty 1.0
REPOSITORY: packages.graylog2.org/repo
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/graylog.list
3 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-mate-dev/ppa/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:ubuntu-mate-dev/ppa
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu-mate-dev-ubuntu-ppa-vivid.list
0 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/gnome3-team/gnome3-staging/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gnome3-team-ubuntu-gnome3-staging-vivid.list
268 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://debian.koha-community.org/koha stable main
REPOSITORY: debian.koha-community.org/koha stable main
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/koha.list
0 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/pgavin/ghdl/ubuntu trusty main
PPA: ppa:pgavin/ghdl
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgavin-ubuntu-ghdl-vivid.list
0 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-mate-dev/vivid-mate/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:ubuntu-mate-dev/vivid-mate
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu-mate-dev-ubuntu-vivid-mate-vivid.list
3 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/sublime-text-3/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:webupd8team/sublime-text-3
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webupd8team-ubuntu-sublime-text-3-vivid.list
1 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu vivid main
PPA: ppa:webupd8team/java
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webupd8team-ubuntu-java-vivid.list
1 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main
REPOSITORY: dl.google.com/linux
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list
2 package(s) installed

ENTRY: http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main
REPOSITORY: dl.google.com/linux
FILENAME: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome-beta.list
2 package(s) installed


How to run a shell script in background?

Depending on what you are wanting, just add a & to the end of the command

script.sh &
command &

If you are running it in a terminal, and you want to then close the terminal, use nohup or disown

nohup

nohup script.sh &

disown

script &
disown

If that is not what you are after, please be more specific in your question.


what's the best tool to create a Product Catalog in Ubuntu?

Scribus

Scribus is an Open Source program that brings award-winning professional page layout to Linux/UNIX, Mac OS X, OS/2 Warp 4/eComStation and Windows desktops with a combination of "press-ready" output and new approaches to page layout.
Underneath the modern and user friendly interface, Scribus supports professional publishing features, such as CMYK color, separations, Spot Colors, ICC color management and versatile PDF creation.

Why would you want to use Scribus? Scribus is powerful software that helps you create great looking documents of all kinds. It also comes with a lot of support options to help you achieve the best result. There is an enthusiastic and friendly community around Scribus that assists beginner and pro alike through our mailing list, IRC channel, wiki, contracted support, and the bugtracker.


Some weird glitching of the graphical interface

Honestly, at that point I personally would reformat the disk and perform a clean install. Usually this is much faster & easier that spending hours troubleshooting your system. Hopefully you have your data backed up on an external drive, or copied to DVDs..

There is great software for backing up your system called Clonezilla:

http://clonezilla.org/

With this you simply copy your drive to an external drive, and restore when needed.

You can download here:

http://clonezilla.org/downloads/download.php?branch=stable

I hope that helps.


How to install GENViewer Lite 1.15 on Ubuntu

The application seems to run well enough under Wine. I got it all running with the following three commands:

sudo apt-get install wine
wget http://www.mudcreeksoftware.com/GENViewerLite.exe
wine GENViewerLite.exe

I have not tested it extensively but below is a screenshot of it running on my Xenial installation:

Hopefully it will work well on your system too...


# add the following line at the end of your ~/.bashrc file
export PATH=$PATH:~/.local/bin/

from https://buildozer.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html


There are multiple ways to get the source code for Ubuntu.

You can browse to the online archive archive.ubuntu.com

You can download it through apt apt-get source 'packagename'

If you want the kernel, I'd start at http://www.kernel.org/

The problem with wanting the 'source for Ubuntu' is that the distribution is basically made up of a bunch of different packages.  I'd probably narrow down to what packages you want to look at and go from there.


Why doesn't LD_LIBRARY_PATH has any effect?

You might need to run sudo ldconfig /usr/local/lib to update the dynamic linker cache. Otherwise I think the system doesn't know which libraries are available from that directory. See man ldconfig for more info.


How to install 'Nocturn': a pre-built binary app in ubuntu 17.10

Not quite as straightforward as I would have liked but it can be done as follows:

1. Download and install...

The following one-liner downloads the 64bit binary, places it in $HOME/bin and places a link to allow a place in your $PATH:

mkdir -v $HOME/bin && \
wget https://github.com/k0kubun/Nocturn/releases/download/v1.6.0/Nocturn-linux-x64.zip && \
unzip Nocturn-linux-x64.zip -d $HOME/bin && \
ln -sv $HOME/bin/Nocturn-linux-x64/Nocturn $HOME/bin

For $HOME/bin to be properly recognised perhaps the easiest way is to reboot, The addition to your $PATH is set in $HOME/.profile if you are interested to see how it is done in Ubuntu...

2. Make a few adjustments...

On Nocturn's startup there is a nasty error message about themes that can be bypassed with the following:

sudo sed -i_bak s'#style "murrine-scrollbar"#style "scrollbar"#' \
/usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/apps/mate-panel.rc

And as well on my system the following was required:

sudo apt-get install libgconf-2-4

3. Organise a .desktop file...

I created a manual .desktop file by creating the following file and directory structure:

mkdir -pv ~/.local/share/applications/ && \
touch ~/.local/share/applications/Nocturn.desktop

Open this file and add something like the following:

[Desktop Entry]
Comment=A great Tweet Application
Terminal=false
Name=Nocturn
Exec=Nocturn
Type=Application
Icon=emblem-web

The icon choice is up to you but this one looked ok on my system, it can be found in /usr/share/icons/Adwaita/48x48/emblems/emblem-web.png with several different sizes available there.

Then make the file executable:

chmod +x ~/.local/share/applications/Nocturn.desktop

4. Add to dock...

Search for 'Nocturn' in the 'Show Applications' applet (or simply launch it from the Terminal) and when it is launched right click on the icon and select 'Add to Favourites'. Now you are good to go :).

5. Gratuitous Screenshot...

This tested fine on my sytem and below is a screenshot showing the opening screen of Nocturn:


Using the fsc mount option with nfsroot kernel parameter to allow FS-cache

I finally manged to solve it. Here are the steps:

Add mount.nfs from Ubuntu 10.04 to the initramfs image (copy it into the /usr/lib/klibc/bin folder.)
Change the nfsmount line in /usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/nfs to:

mount.nfs ${NFSROOT} ${rootmnt} -o nolock ${roflag} ${NFSOPTS}

Update the initramfs image with either mkinitramfs or update-initramfs.

This would enable the fsc option on the nfsroot for my Ubuntu 10.10 system. I have no idea why I'm not able to use mount.nfs from 10.10 though -- perhaps a regression?


SSH login without password not working from rc.local

The script /etc/rc.local is run as root. Make sure that you have the correct private key for user slyme@192.168.1.4 installed in /root/.ssh/ (and not just in your user's $HOME/.ssh)

Alternatively, to make sure the correct private key is used, you can specify it on the rsync command line:

rsync -e "ssh -i /path/to/ssh_key" ...

Hope this helps.


NodeJS Hangs on Ubuntu 14.04 Boot [Big CPU & Memory usage]

I had the same problem as you, and I found out that the issue is related with the reload npm package and its executable name when installed with the global flag (npm install -g reload).

As I can tell, Ubuntu 14.04 (don't know about other Ubuntu versions or flavors) has an executable called reload, pertaining to the initctl suite.

So, the only solution so far is to not to install reload globally.

I've reported this bug to the developer. Make sure to check that report for any changes.


For GTK3, you need to add something like the following to your theme:

/* overlay scrollbar */
OsThumb:selected,
OsScrollbar:selected {
    background-color: @selected_bg_color;
}

OsThumb:active,
OsScrollbar:active {
    background-color: shade (@bg_color, 0.6);
}

OsThumb:insensitive,
OsScrollbar:insensitive {
    background-color: shade (@bg_color, 0.85);
}

You'll need to change the background-color: shade (******); section to whatever you want.

For GTK2, you need to add something like this:

style "overlay_scrollbar"
{
    bg[SELECTED] = shade (1.0, @selected_bg_color)
    bg[INSENSITIVE] = shade (0.85, @bg_color)
    bg[ACTIVE] = shade (0.6, @bg_color)
}

Again, changing the colors as needed.


Is there any way to find something in byobu window?

Press the F7, or Alt-PgUp Alt-PgDown to enter byobu scrollback mode. This allows you to navigate past output using vi like commands. Here is a quick list of movement commands:

h - Move the cursor left by one character
j - Move the cursor down by one line
k - Move the cursor up by one line
l - Move the cursor right by one character
0 - Move to the beginning of the current line
$ - Move to the end of the current line
G - Moves to the specified line (defaults to the end of the buffer)
ctrl + b - Page up
ctrl + f - Page down

/ - Search forward
? - Search backward

n - Moves to the next match, either forward or backword