This requires some thought as to exactly what is going on here and what you are trying to do.

You are probably aware that there are essentially 2 types of PDF document, those where the text is ready rendered and those where it is not in which case what you actually have is a fancy image of the page.

So if it is of ready-rendered type (its an images essentially), you could get some mileage by converting to real images, reducing the definition of those images and converting back to pdf. the convert program will do this.

You should also (in 12.04 or greater) put pdf into synaptic. You'll get a slew of utilities including the following, some may be useful for what you need. Perhaps  pdfedit, pdftk, poppler-utils, pdfmod, qpdf,

What if your pdf is of the other font-based variety? Of itself I am not sure there is much you can do here. After all, information is or should be stored efficiently in such a situation, so its not clear what you could do without loosing any of it.


Share folder with mac guest on a linux ubuntu host

As per http://www.sysprobs.com/mac-os-guest-virtualbox-326-snow-leopard-1064-windows-7-32-bit

Set up Samba on your Ubuntu host file sharing (it should be easy now, I use edited smb.conf but I am sure there is a much easier way now).
On you mac guest, go>connect to network and enter smb://ip_of_your_host and then connect (either using guest or login/pass - depends on your Samba setup)
Create an alias na put it on desktop for easy use.


Should I attach the Ubuntu ISO file to the virtual IDE Controller?

It means that this is needed to let Virtual Box know where to install from, so it is a necessary step.  Attaching the ISO to IDE, will simulate having a physical CD in the CD Drive.

Once you get to the last screen of creating the Virtual Machine, and Click on Create, you will

See the screen where you have the option of choosing where to boot from

Click on Empty, and then click on the little down arrow on CD icon to the right of the drop down box that gives you the option to choose a CD/DVD Drive or virtual drive

You will see a drop-down menu that will let you choose where the installation medium is located.  Click on Choose a virtual CD/DVD disk file

Choose you file, and then click Open.

Once done you can start your virtual machine, wich in turn will start the installation.


Cannot install programs with apt-get or Software Center

mc and fortune are both in the universe repository. Make sure you have the option to download and install packages from universe enabled.

Open software-center. Go to Edit menu --> Open software sources and check Universe option.

After checking the option, run the following commands to install mc and fortune.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mc fortune


How can I format my USB drive in Lubuntu?

In Lubuntu the terminal might be the fastest way to format a USB drive.

Find the usb partition: lsblk

alvaro@GNUM4600:~$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0 457.9G  0 part /
├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part
└─sda5   8:5    0   7.9G  0 part [SWAP]
sdb      8:16   0 238.5G  0 disk
└─sdb1   8:17   0 238.5G  0 part
sdc      8:32   1   1.9G  0 disk /media/alvaro/68A2-E93E   <--------------- This is it *
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

Unmount it:
umount /dev/sdc

alvaro@GNUM4600:~$ umount /dev/sdc

Make the file system on the entire device:
sudo mkfs.vfat -I /dev/sdc

alvaro@GNUM4600:~$ sudo mkfs.vfat -I /dev/sdc


Get host ip:

host -t a facebook.com

Find CIDR

whois 173.252.120.68 | grep CIDR

And block subnet

iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d 173.252.120.68/18 -j DROP

and block domains:

iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d www.fаcebook.com -j DROP

iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d fаcebook.com -j DROP


I can't remove a package - what should I do?

Edit: apt is also part of the problem, but DoR is right, the main problem is with connection to Brazilian mirror, so change of mirror will solve this problem as well.

There are some packages depending on libavcodec52 (in my system I've found mplayer, but also vlc and maybe other multimedia applications) and it seems apt can't resolve this conflict.

You can try to remove those applications first (I see VLC in the apt output) and then remove libavcodecs52 or install aptitude which has better system for resolving conflicts.

aptitude has similar syntax, so you can remove packages using

sudo aptitude remove package

Tried and worked for me - apt is "stuck" but aptitude offers removing of mplayer and that solves the problem (libavcodecs52 is removed properly without installing anything new).


Extra JavaEmbeddedFrame window when using JDownloader

JavaEmbeddedFrame is a container for tray notification.

So if you don't want the empty window, disable Light Tray addon in your jDownloader settings.
If you used  to use minimize to tray, then try Alltray app.


What happened to dconf-tools in Ubuntu 19.04?

dconf-tools was a transitional package to dconf-cli in Bionic Beaver (18.04). Try changing the package dependencies to:

Depends: dconf-cli


18.04 "No Wifi Adapter Found" ASUS TUF FX505DU Wireless Connection Issues

Try Installing new kernel 5 by command:

sudo apt install --install-recommends linux-generic-hwe-18.04 xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04

It work for me.


Okay I figured out the problem. In my /etc/environment file I had a line for RSPEC beneath the PATH variable. Deleting this solved the problem.


Problem moving windows to other workspaces (ubuntu 13.10)

It's the 'Navigation' bit I think you need.


Should switching users switch TTY as well?

Fast user switching opens another X server on the next available VT. There are at least 24 available VTs on a Linux system.


Is there a GUI tool that can provide the functionality of the Windows Device Manager?

There is no graphical tool to do those things that I can find. Although some of the things like stopping are hard to do even from the command line since the kernel really isn't friendly to being poked by userspace about what should be turned on.

If you want it could be a project to get involved with:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuDevelopment


Manually setting your DNS servers could do the trick. You only need to figure out which one, but most likely on the gateway such as 192.168.1.1 or 10.0.0.1 etc.

Also the domain .local they are using for their hotspot could cause problems quick references 1,2.


There is something else running that uses port 80.
It could be another web server like nginx or another running instance of apache... might even be skype.

You can see what's using port 80 with this command:

netstat -tulpn | grep :80


How can I protect GRUB from being overwritten by Windows in a dual boot?

For dual boot where you run one or the other, many are doing this with Windows and Ubuntu (I'm doing it with Win10 and Kubuntu 18.04). If you're not well experienced with Linux, you need to partition your drive into at least 2 sections and install Windows first, then Ubuntu. Ubuntu is smart and will see your Windows and then GRUB will create a menu where you can choose which OS to boot.


apt update now download additional huge data after installing package building tools

This is releated to apt-file

cat /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50apt-file.conf

you can minimize the download size


install "Ubuntu Tweak", then launch janitor and clean everything you can. See if that helps.
Also, try installing "gnome desktop environment" because it's quite lite on system resources


How to stop firefox from downloading files in public computer to its Home/Download folder?

I focused on this:

  without them being downloaded to computer

There is a Mozilla tool for this called mkiosk:

  Firefox Kiosk Mode with optional Tabs Guides for Public Access Point. Complete solution. Block downloads/addon, bookmarks, reset kiosk inactivity, retry on errors, restricted interface, show favorites as buttons and more!

This will fully block downloads from Firefox (and also prevent any changes to settings (like importing profiles and things like that)).


How to setup virtual hosts in XAMPP at any directory on ubuntu?

I am assuming the installation path of xampp is at /opt/lampp/

Open /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf with text editor.
Search for ServerName localhost in the file. right below the line you will
find following lines.

<Directory />
   AllowOverride none
   Require all denied
</Directory>

add following code right below to the aforementioned lines

<Directory /path/to/your/folder>
     Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
     AllowOverride All
     Order allow,deny
     Allow from all
   </Directory>

  remember /path/to/your/folder means all folders in this directory will be allowed by apache to use

Open opt/lamp/etc/extra/http-vhosts.conf in editor and add a website you need using following as a example.

<VirtualHost IPADDRESS:PORT>
  DocumentRoot "PATH/TO/WEBISTE/ROOT"
  ServerName WEBSITE-HOST-NAME
  <Directory "PATH/TO/WEBISTE/ROOT">
      Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
      Require all granted
  </Directory>
</VirtualHost>


Ubuntuphone Aquaris E 4.5 How to view hidden files in the home folder via MTP?

You cannot view all files in the home folder via MTP. Only the special media folders are exposed over MTP, and so you can only transfer files (music, photos, videos, etc…) into those directories.


How can I pass command line arguments to a script through Dash? (14.04)

The problem is that you cannot "run" a .desktop file from Dash with arguments, so the setup exactly like you have in mind is impossible I am afraid. However, assuming your script does take arguments, there are a few elegant alternative options, maybe even better:

Save your script in ~/bin

remove the extension
make it executable
run it by pressing AltF2, type the command

<scriptname> <argument>

Create a quicklist in the Unity launcher:

(assuming you saved the script in ~/bin, made it executable and removed the extension as in 1.)

[Desktop Entry]
Name=name_of_your_script_like_you_see_it_in_Dash
Exec=<scriptname> <default_argument>
Icon=/path/to/some/icon
Type=Application

Actions=Panel;Panel -left;Panel -right;

[Desktop Action Panel]
Name=Panel
Exec=<scriptname> <default_argument>
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

[Desktop Action Panel -left]
Name=Panel -left
Exec=<scriptname> <argument_1>
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

[Desktop Action Panel -left]
Name=Panel -right
Exec=<scriptname> <argument_2>
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

Save it as panel.desktop in ~/.local/share/applications and drag it on to the launcher.

Create three different keyboard shortcuts, for example Alt+<, Alt+^, Alt+> to run your script+arguments:

"System Settings" > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts"

Click "+" to add your commands: <scriptname> <argument>

Not the most obvious one, but exploring the options, it should be mentioned: you can call a (zenity) option list from Dash:

Type the first character of your option, press return and your script will run with the chosen argument.

Again assuming that you saved the script in ~/bin, made it executable and removed the language extension as in 1.:

Copy the script below into an empty file, save it as panel_options.sh, make it executable.

#!/bin/bash

test=$(zenity --list "1. Panel" "2. Panel -left" "3. Panel -right" --column="Panel options" --title="Panel")

if [[ "$test" = "1. Panel"* ]]; then
    <scriptname> <default_argument>
elif [[ "$test" = "2. Panel -left"* ]]; then
    <scriptname> <argument_1>
elif [[ "$test" = "3. Panel -right"* ]]; then
    <scriptname> <argument_2>
fi

Create the .desktop file from the code below. In the Icon= line, set the path to your icon, in the Exec= line the path to pane_options.sh, save it as panel.desktop in ~/.local/share/applicatios

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Panel
Exec=/path/to/panel_options.sh
Icon=/path/to/some/icon
Type=Application
StartupWMClass=Zenity


No problem at all. The answer is to make new destination folders your Ubuntu One directory on the computer, then point the phone app at these new folders on both phones.

First, add the desired folder(s) inside your /home/Ubuntu One/ folder on the
computer, like this:

Now, open up the Ubuntu One Files app on the phones. You should see
the folders you just created on the list, like this:

If you don't see the folders, touch the 'two arrows in a circle' icon on the right of the orange bar above to force a sync.

Now, press 'Menu' on the phone, and select 'Configure auto-upload'

Next, select 'Upload directory'

On either phone, select the different directories. That's your save
location now.

Thanks to karni for the instructions posted in this question, it's what I based this on.


How to make Thunderbird open links in Firefox?

To open links in thunderbird so that they will open firefox or chrome or opera, you open preferences, attachments, and click on use other and navigate to the browser that you want to use.


I'm astonished that you got your computer down to 60!  I have a pavilion dv7-4263 (radeon 6370/7370) and regularly see temperatures over 70, and occasionally over 80.

A couple of things you will want to bookmark and keep: The GPU in a pavilion will eventually come unsoldered from the main board because of heat effects.  HP wil sell you a new  motherboard, or you can fix it yourself.  I've performed this process twice, and although it's time consuming and will evetually fail, it does make the computer work again.

Secondly, there is a thriving market on amazon for laptop cooling pads (built in fans on a little stand for your laptop).  A whole lot of them were designed just for pavilions.

With tlp in place and configured, there is little more that I have found that you can do to make the system run at lower temperatures.  It may help to use the AMD proprietary drivers, but I have not been able to make these run on the HP system under either 14.04 or 12.04.


Display settings problems with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

I found this recent page to be very helpful for 14.04 trusty users:

http://bernaerts.dyndns.org/linux/74-ubuntu/309-ubuntu-dual-display-monitor-position-lost


You can find the docs in /usr/share/doc/zsh-common. I suspect if you also install zsh-common, you will also find the man pages.

ZSH(1)                      General Commands Manual                     ZSH(1)

NAME
       zsh - the Z shell

OVERVIEW
       Because  zsh contains many features, the zsh manual has been split into
       a number of sections:

       zsh          Zsh overview (this section)
       zshroadmap   Informal introduction to the manual
       zshmisc      Anything not fitting into the other sections
<snip>

It appears to be a bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/zsh/+bug/1242108 Posts #21 and 22 suggest work-arounds. It is apparently fixed for Ubuntu 14.10 as it works perfectly on my system.


where can I download xsltproc that is compatible with ubuntu 12.04

XSLTProc for 12.04 is (or should be) in Software Center, or install it by typing sudo apt-get install xsltproc.


Updating 14.04 to 16.04. Can I do it without impacting LVM?

If your "LVM drive" contains your $HOME accounts and the OS, /var, /tmp... are on another drive, LVM or not, then you should be okay. Make sure that you select the correct drive when asked during the install where the OS will go.  If the OS and $HOME are on the same drive, I can't comment on your success with this configuration.

Last week I did this dance, upgrading from Ubuntu 14 to 16. I have two LVM Volume Groups. One dedicated to my important data being $HOME and /photographs. The other to the OS, /var, /tmp and swap.

After the upgrade I did have to update /etc/fstab to include my $HOME mount(8) information. Moved the /home/_install_created_user_ account out of the way and create a new /home mount point for my LVM Volume. Then just addgroup(8) and adduser(8) and I was off the the races.

As always having a solid backup of your critical data ($HOME, photographs, movies, music...) is critical. rsync(1) and external hard drives are your friends.

I believe you should be able to test this out via VirtualBox. Create a VM running Ubuntu 14.04, create some extra drives to make two or more LVM Volumes. rsync your $HOME account to the /home LVM. Login check it all out and make any corrections. Then upgrade to 16.04.

Lastly if your machine has a NVIDIA graphics card or you plan on running VirtualBox under Ubuntu 16 then TURN OFF the BIOS setting for UEFI.  If your machine is dual boot this may make windoz unhappy, but who cares about windoz when you have Linux!  I don't.


It is feasible, you must first create a sparse file, suppose 512MB:

truncate -s 512M file.img

So with cryptsetup, let's encrypt the file as a device (the syntax is the same, here only use the basic options)

cryptsetup -v luksFormat file.img

WARNING!
========
This will overwrite data on file.img irrevocably.

Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES
Enter passphrase:
Verify passphrase:
Command successful.

We open, therefore, the encrypted volume:

 cryptsetup luksOpen file.img sparse_file
Enter passphrase for file.img:

and we create the fs:

mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/ sparse_file
mke2fs 1:42:12 (29-Aug-2014)
Creating filesystems with 1k blocks 522240 and 130560 inodes
Filesystem UUID: ec4e3529-0ee5-4b31-9487-5ae1c598c9d3
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

mount the encrypted file:

 mount /dev/mapper/sparse_file /mnt/sparse_file/

du -h --apparent-size file.img
512M file.img
du -h file.img
17M file.img
df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/sparse_file 486m 2.3M 455M 1% /mnt/sparse_file

et voilà


Install OpenVPN and then use the profile offered on here. There's no GUI for OpenVPN so you have to keep a terminal open with.
Extra: To make sure a particular app runs through the VPN interface and nowhere else, launch it as described in this answer.
Slight disclaimer: I haven't read their data protection policy and am not affiliated with OIA in any way. Assume your data is invisible to the PRC but fully transparent to the OIA crowd.


Unable to install nvidia drivers on Ubuntu 18.04

Some of the packages have unmet dependencies, likely because the PPA, but it's unclear. My advice is first remove the PPA by using:

sudo apt-add-repository -r ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa

(Note the -r means remove)

Next you want to make sure your package listing is up-to-date:

sudo apt update

Next you should likely remove all the nvidia packages you might have installed:

sudo apt remove nvidia*
sudo apt autoremove

Now with a fresh slate try to invoke the driver auto installer:

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

If you still get problems with held packages, it could be because you updated some packages while the PPA was enabled, in which case I would suggest running:

sudo apt install aptitude
sudo aptitude install <name_of_package_with_conflicts>

This will invoke an interactive series of questions basically showing you all the ways the package could be installed if you were to remove another package or downgrade one, etc. Step through them until you find the option that fits your needs (you don't have to accept the first option given)


this is the procedure that I have followed just now and I think it is working.
First download arasan from the website. You can download the binary or source. In this case I downloaded the binary. Next put the downloaded file in a convenient location, extract it. After that, install xboard:

$ sudo apt install xboard

After that, open a terminal and run this command:

$ xboard -cp -fcp "PATH-TO-EXTRACTED-FOLDER/arasanx-64 -H 100M -c 2"

Here, replace the PATH-TO-EXTRACTED-FOLDER with the location where you have extracted the compressed file. For example, I keep these stuffs in ~/Applications folder, so on my machine it looks like this: xboard -cp -fcp "/home/u33how/Appications/arasan-linux-binaries-21.4/arasanx-64 -H 100M -c 2" . Make the required modification.
Finally, play the game.
Reference:
github repo doc link


Compiling Objective-c programs on Ubuntu and a good IDE for the same?

Ubuntu includes GCC's Objective C compiler in the gobjc package.  I don't have a good suggestion for an IDE though.  There are multiple text editors with support for Objective C syntax highlighting.

While you've ruled out Emacs and VIM, gedit might cover your needs.  It has syntax highlighting and provides some IDE-style features with the gedit-developer-plugins.


A file (/usr/bin/sudo) highlighted with red in Terminal

That's the setuid bit of linux which allows to execute this binary with the user-rights from its owner or group instead of the user who calls it.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setuid


I can briefly explain how to get the co-ordinates.

First run the xinput command to detect your touchscreen id.

Then run xinput list-props <id> to get the event number. Let it be e.g. /dev/input/event5.

Run

sudo evtest /dev/input/event5

and you will get all the touchpad events: touches, coordinates, etc.

Now you can parse this output and use it for some programming.


Setting to protect gnome-terminal from key logging

It's not possible as any keystrokes passed on to the X server, will be available for xinput/any arbitrary program. (In fact, it's part of the design). New display servers like Wayland and Mir are fixing such security problems in X. The only real solution would be to use Wayland or Mir instead of X. This blog post details this issue.


Mouse lag after upgrading to Ubuntu 14.04

I actually found the issue to this problem and thought I'd do the right thing and post it. It would seem that the positioning of the bluetooth receiver in particular USB ports had an impact with the reception between the keyboard/mouse (probably something to do with the fact that it's a mini-pc and the processor and other radio affecting devices are situated so closely together and so close to the USB ports).

I changed the logitech bluetooth receiver to a different USB port and my mouse/keyboard are working like a charm now.

Thank you to everyone for their input and help!


Getting Gnome-Calendar to run with Unity (integrate gmail calendars)

Install Evolution. It synchronises with Google calendar and integrates nicely with Unity.

Here is a screenshot showing my desktop. I have the Evolution calendar open displaying appointments from Google calendar. I have also just clicked on 22 May 2016 in the Unity calendar at the top right and it is showing my next 5 appointments in Google calendar on or after after that date.


You need to switch from 'Frequent' to 'All' by clicking the button at the bottom of Application overview:


How do I provide arguments to a command run from gksudo?

Try using:

gksudo -k -u root -- nice --20 gnome-system-monitor

The double dash (--) signifies the end of the parameter list for gksudo, so it doesn't try to interpret the --20 as a parameter to gksudo.

More information about this "bare double dash" can be found on Unix & Linux Stack Exchange.


Installed version 12.04 and it works. Do I really need a newer version...?

12.04 is supported till April 2017, so I also will be using it on my old PCs till then for its 2d desktop. Will probably go Lubuntu then.


Two IDLEs for Python 3, help me get rid of one

From the terminal sudo apt-get remove idle3

That will remove idle3, which doesn't have that new car smell, so I use

sudo apt-get install idle-python3.4 so I at least know one thing, and that's the version number of the idle.  I can't tell the difference, nor can I pick a Chardonnay.


It can interact with the package manager. It can do anything. They're just scripts. What they actually do depends on the people who write them. It is very possible that they build themselves a fake package to aid removal.

I have had some installers do this. I honestly can't remember which they were but they built themselves little meta-packages to aid removal.

These were system-installed though. I think it's very unlikely that a home-installed application is going to request to elevate to root permissions to do the same though.


Why cannot Ubuntu resolve the proxy hostname while upgrading to 12.10?

Just out of curiosity why are you trying to upgrade to 12.10? Ubuntu 12.10 is coming to an EOL which means End Of Life and it's gonna be during April 2014.

My advice to wait for other LTS to be released that is 14.04 LTS Trusty Tahr which is scheduled to be released in April 2014. Then you can upgrade your current LTS release to a new LTS release what is Trusty Tahr.

To upgrade current release run sudo do-release-upgrade or insert your Ubuntu LiveCD and choose upgrade to the next LTS release.

more tutorial for LTS releases:

Start System/Administration/Software Sources
On the Updates tab, set Show new distribution releases: to Long term support releases only, then press Close.
Press Alt-F2 and type update-manager -d
Click the Check button to check for new updates. If there are any updates to install, use the Install Updates button to install them, and press Check again after that is complete.
A message will appear informing you of the availability of the new release. Click Upgrade.
Follow the on-screen instructions.

Also if you'd like to be notified about new LTS release run:

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

navigate to Updates tab and at the bottom make sure is set to notify me about new LTS release and you'll be notified when it's released.


Acrobat Reader and Foxit's scrollbar not working

This is a known bug which is caused by the new overlay scrollbars. You might want to try one of these workarounds:

Disable the overlay scrollbars (globally, per user or per application)
use another theme such as Carbon. Then the 'normal' scrollbars are shown.
as Robin Green suggested, "use the mouse wheel (if you have one) for vertical scrolling, and hold down shift and use the mouse wheel for horizontal scrolling."


For reasons I don't begin to understand, its authors have written it as a Firefox plugin, but Pencil is a great FOSS prototyping tool. Like Balsamiq Mockups, it comes with a massive number of prefabricated components that allow you to quickly throw together a demo screen.  Also like Balsamiq, you can have multiple pages in a sketch, and link between them, allowing your programmers and designers to "click" certain buttons, and get a feel for what should happen when that occurs.

Unlike Balsamiq, its default mock widget set looks like real widgets, which I get concerned causes programmers to slavishly imitate the mockup they see on screen. Thankfully, a sketch widget template has been distributed with Pencil for awhile now. Also unlike Balsamiq—and hopefully not surprising for a Firefox add-on—Pencil exports its sketches to HTML, not Flash/Flex.

I know Pencil looks weird because it's a Firefox extension, but it actually works very well, and is easy-to-use. I am not ideologically attached to FOSS and don't mind spending $80 for great software, so I'll be honest and say that I use Balsamiq over Pencil. I find Balsamiq's general workflow and ease-of-use superior to Pencil. But Pencil's still a great tool. If you're looking for a FOSS prototyper, I think you'd have a hard time doing better. Launch Firefox and go check it out.


Shellshock: How can I update only Bash without restarting?

You don't have to restart for the Bash update to take. Just update in the normal way.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

If you (for whatever nonsensical reason) need to limit that to Bash, you can:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bash

And again, because of the way this exploit is launched (setting an environment variable before starting a new instance of Bash), you don't need to reboot after you do this.


Passwords are hashed using the library functioncrypt(3); see the manual page for crypt(3). The function chooses the encryption function based on the format of the salt:

$1$salt_chars$: use MD5
$2a$salt_chars$: use Blowfish (not standard, most likely not available)
$5$salt_chars$: use SHA-256
$6$salt_chars$: use SHA-512
Not in the form $type$salt_chars$: use DES as in the old days.

I have no idea if you can use PHP to emulate exactly what crypt(3) does.


Try to install VLC, which able to play many media formats.

You may install through terminal which is faster than using Ubuntu Software Center.

sudo apt-get install vlc

Make sure you have updated your repository before installing by running:

sudo apt-get update


Seagate Ext Drive 2TB now shows empty, all data is now listed ubder Seagate Ext Drive (1)

it appears that you have it mounted twice. Hence the "(1)". If the drive is just used for storage, and does not have your user profile stored on it (some people do this to reduce writes for sold state drive builds) you can eject both of them, and re-mount the drive. using sudo mount /dev/sdb /home/user/external ntfs where sdb is your drive, and /home/username/external is where you want it mounted and the name to mount with. if you leave this blank, it should mount with the drive volume's name (set when it was formatted).


ssh works in school network but doesn't work from outside

Based on your responses to numerous questions, the actual configuration is:

Desktop is at your school.  You can ssh into it from your laptop when your laptop is connected to the school network.

You cannot connect your laptop to the school workstation desktop when your laptop is outside the school network.

It is highly unlikely that the workstation in your lab has a static registered Internet reachable IP address.  Or even one issued by DHCP.  In addition, connections could be going through a NAT translation before packets go onto the Internet which means that the machines IP address inside the school will be different from the IP address that's visible outside the school.  Plus, various incoming port requests such as 22 could be blocked by a firewall.

Any issues there would need to be resolved by the school IT staff.  They can create a static NAT entry in their border router so that you will know what IP to ssh into from the Internet.  They may or may not be willing to do this.

In the meantime, as a handy tool to troubleshoot problems like this, install nmap on your laptop.

sudo apt-get install nmap

Then, from home or somewhere outside of school,

ping The.IP.you.think.connects.to.your.machine.from.the.Internet

nmap The.IP.you.think.connects.to.your.machine.from.the.Internet

If ping returns nothing or if nmap doesn't show that port 22 is open you'll never be able to ssh into it.  For the reasons mentioned above, it's possible that nmap isn't actually probing YOUR machine so if ssh fails to authenticate, that could well be the reason.

Needless to say, you need to know the IP address that's visible from the Internet that will connect to your desktop workstation at school.  And nothing such as a firewall can be blocking the ssh connection dialog. If that is the root of your issue, open that up as a new question since it doesn't have anything (directly) to do with why ssh doesn't work.

To find out your Internet IP address, on the desktop workstation at school go to this URL:

http://whatismyipaddress.com/


What's the difference between ubuntu's amd64-disk-kvm.img and the regular amd64.img cloud images?

You can look at the .manifest files available on the same page. You will see that the difference is the kernel being used. The disk-kvm.img variant has linux-image-kvm 5.8.0.1018.20 while the other image has linux-image-5.8.0-43-generic.
The former is a reduced kernel for use in virtual environments, it might miss some modules/configs but is a bit lighter.
The second is the generic kernel that works everywhere. You'd use those images e.g. to deploy a new bare-metal system with them or in any other place where the linux-kvm represents a limitation you do not want.
If in doubt and you only have to select only one, then the non-kvm image is the one that should work everywhere.
Here you can read more about Ubuntu kernel variants


Unable to install Guitar Pro 6 32bit on a 32bit system

You have two options.

Change the dependencies
Use older libraries

I prefer Change the dependencies

Change the dependencies:

Follow these commands

Extract the DEB package

cd
mkdir deb$$
cp gp6-full-linux-r11686.deb deb$$
cd deb$$
dpkg-deb -x gp6-full-linux-r11686.deb  deb
cd deb
dpkg-deb -e ../gp6-full-linux-r11686.deb

Change the dependencies:

sed -i 's/libssl0\.9\.8/libssl1.0.0/' DEBIAN/control
sed -i 's/libportaudio0/libportaudio2/' DEBIAN/control

Re-pack the DEB file and install

cd ..
sudo dpkg-deb -b deb
sudo dpkg -i deb.deb

Use the old libraries

Download the necessary packages, we need the 32-bit versions

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/portaudio/libportaudio0_18.1-7.1_i386.deb
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/o/openssl098/libssl0.9.8_0.9.8o-7ubuntu4_i386.deb

Install

sudo dpkg -i libportaudio0_18.1-7.1_i386.deb libssl0.9.8_0.9.8o-7ubuntu4_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i gp6-full-linux-r11686.deb


how to make thin client turned on after turning on server

Epoptes sends Magic Packet

  6 bytes of all 255 (FF FF FF FF FF FF in hexadecimal)

on low level as described in this wol.py code.

You can use any other program with the same functionality - for example wakeonlan:

  Sends 'magic packets' to wake-on-LAN enabled ethernet adapters

Follow its man-page for usage istruction.


Is There a New Way of Starting Plasmashell in 19.04?

I had the same problem on Kubuntu 19.04.
Try using the following instead to restart your plasmashell:

killall plasmashell && kstart5 plasmashell


Brightness control stuck on Acer Aspire One

On my aspire it's as simple as adding the first line I mention here.

Try editing /etc/default/grub with the following values:

Open a terminal and type sudo gedit /etc/default/grub.

First try changing the line that reads :
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"

Then save, close gedit and type sudo update-grub and reboot the computer.

If after this it still does not work, you can also try changing the same line to read

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi=Linux"

and then again running sudo update-grub and rebooting the computer.


How to install Ubuntu for Tablets on Lenovo Thinkpad X60/X200/X220/X230 Tablet?

If you are on Ubuntu 15.04, then just install the ubuntu-touch package.

You should then be able to select the alternate session at the login screen. Be warned though, that it is not yet ready for general replacement of unity7 though, and you will likely encounter some applications not being usable, or able to launch, and similar issues.


Here's how i kill it:

$ sudo service apache2 stop

make sure it is off, or that the process isn't running

ps -elf | grep apache
0 S j0h      14733 24786  0  80   0 -  1108 pipe_w 08:22 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto apache

(says the only instance of Apache is my query)

Starting back up:

sudo service apache2 start

Other methods, include

$sudo service apache2 graceful-stop

You could kill apache2 many other ways:

$sudo pkill apache2

$sudo kill -9 <apache PID>

(find apache's pid ps aux | grep apac) or use top to find the PID of apache2)

This line:

  sudo /etc/inid.d/apache stop

you probably meant init.d

That might just be a typo though, I am not sure.


Ubuntu uses the gnome-keyring-daemon as an alternative (compatible) implementation of an SSH agent.

It is installed through the package gnome-keyring and started automatically through /etc/xdg/autostart/gnome-keyring-ssh.desktop.

You can see that which process is your SSH agent with sudo lsof $SSH_AUTH_SOCK.


Issue solved with the link below.

http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2006/12/08/how-to-create-easy-access-templates-via-right-click-ubuntu-510-6061-610/

  "For example, save a blank OpenOffice.org document (call it
  OpenOffice.odt) into templates folder and you’ll now have a
  quick-launch for a blank OpenOffice document. Save a blank .txt file
  inside the templates folder for quick access to an empty Text Editor
  file. Even save a template .html file to the folder and have quick
  access to any html templates you work on. This works great if you ever
  work from file templates and need to re-create them on the fly."


You have Vivid installed, and the necessary package with the required version (2:1.02.99) is in Wily. Therefore use the Vivid version of docker. Edit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list via

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list

and replace the content with

deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-vivid main

then update the package database

sudo apt-get update

It's also possible to install the packages in Vivid

cd
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lvm2/dmsetup_1.02.99-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lvm2/libdevmapper1.02.1_1.02.99-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i dmsetup_1.02.99-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb libdevmapper1.02.1_1.02.99-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

If you have problems with the packages, downgrade via

sudo apt-get install libdevmapper1.02.1=2:1.02.90-2ubuntu1 dmsetup=2:1.02.90-2ubuntu1

Tested in my Vivid system

% apt-cache policy libdevmapper1.02.1
libdevmapper1.02.1:
  Installed: 2:1.02.99-1ubuntu1
  Candidate: 2:1.02.99-1ubuntu1
  Version table:
 *** 2:1.02.99-1ubuntu1 0
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2:1.02.90-2ubuntu1 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid/main i386 Packages


Bash Automation without asking for password


Use sudo dpkg -i apt-offilne_package_file.deb to install it on server.

You can copy it with scp sourcefile username@serverip:/home/userdir/, or from windows with winscp


Which kernel is LTS for Ubuntu 18.04 and how to install it?

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (installed via Ubuntu 18.04 LTS or Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS ISOs/media) came with the 4.15 kernel, with the option to use the HWE kernel when it came out.

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS installed with 18.04.2 or later ISOs/media (or prior installations with HWE kernel option enabled) use the 18.10, 19.04, 19.10 and 20.04 kernels so which kernel depends on whether or not you have HWE enabled.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Support

For more detail on HWE (hardware enablement stack) kernels please see

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack

You can download kernels from https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/  (both patches & deb's) though you'll already have the kernels installed; so I'd stick to default kernels (with/without HWE) to ensure they get patched automatically, but assuming you want to download for testing or other, you'll find them here.


VLC crash on Ubuntu 17.10 Screen Freezes

I encountered the same problem when playing full screen videos in VLC. I switched to XORG and the problem did not re-occur.


Will Ubuntu 12.04's proprietary AMD/ATI driver be updated to 12.5, 12.6, etc. once released?

Ok, I installed fglrx and fglrx-amdcccle via Jockey aka "Additional Hardware GUI app".

Everything seems to be working ok.

Packages in the Ubuntu 12.04 repo (2012-05-08):

fglrx
version: 2:8.960-0ubuntu1
size: 118 MB

fglrx-updates:
version: 2:8.960-0ubuntu1
size: 118 MB

fglrx-amdcccle:
version: 2:8.960-0ubuntu1
size: 11.5 MB

fglrx-amdcccle-updates:
version: 2:8.960-0ubuntu1
size: 11.5 MB

So it looks like "fglrx" and "fglrx-updates" are the same thing.

Here are some bug reports about installing AMD/ATI driver via Jockey:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nvidia-common/+bug/873058
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/fglrx-installer-updates/+bug/994371
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/fglrx-installer/+bug/949641

Hope this helps


History | grep "keyword2find" does not gives unlimited history

By default history command, which uses ~/.bash_history file to store command, store only last 2000 commands. So, It doesn't give you unlimited result.

To increase the size, open .bashrc file with this command gedit ~/.bashrc and change the line to increase value

HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

HISTSIZE refers to the number of commands stored.
HISTFILESIZE refers to the number of line contained in the history file.


Clearing this one up, you say you're using eclipse 3.7.  The error message states that it requires the eclipse 3.6 run-time.

This issue no longer exists.  I installed the newest version of the available plugin as directed by their website.  It now supports 3.7.


Transitioning from Windows 7 to Ubuntu 12.04

In lieu of reinstalling, suggest you reboot from the installation media, install gparted if not already there, and use Gparted to resize the partitions, which is easier and saves time. Take a look at these screenshots to see what gparted looks like first. However, I'd give Win7 50GB or so as it is likely to need more than what you expect.


Headphones detected but not switched to automatically on Ubuntu 14.04.2

Since I couldn't find a way to do this, I wrote my own script.

I set it to run from /etc/rc.local (as local user) in the background so it would run when the computer is restarted.

The script checks if the headphones are connected or not (run "amixer -c 0 contents" once headphones are connected and once not and find under which numid the headphones are). If the connection status has changed, it changes the default sink (I have only two drivers so I wrote changeDriver 1 and changeDriver 0, but it might be in a different order on different computers).

It runs infidelity with 2 seconds sleep in between.

Script


I had a similar problem with AFS. Perhaps my solution will work for you.

If I logged in to the remote system using a public key, I didn't get a token and thus ACLs did not work. But if I logged in with my password, I got the token and everything worked.

SSHFS, is just logging in using SSH. I set things up to require a password when connecting with SSHFS and my issues went away.

To test this, simply login with SSH and see if the ACLs work properly.


In window 8.1 you can go at PC setting and make the tablet boot from USB then you need a mini USB to USB female adapter plug it in with a USB stick with buntu with a ueif boat able. I plan to do same I have a proscan model it only has 1gb of ram so think to dual boot lubuntu on it on a 64 GB SD card half for Ubuntu and half for windows only questions I have is boatloader will grub work


You will start the installation with a live-stick or live-CD. Choose install ubuntu. when it comes to partitioning, don't hesitate to manually partition your hdd, since you don't have to loose any data. Now you create the first Partition. leave the configs alone, just adjust the size and set the mount point to /, so it will be your system partition.

Create Partition 2. (again, no config changes, just the size.) If you want to store your data in /home AND /home should be on the second (data) partition, you can set the mount point of partition 2 to /home. If you do so, everything saved in /home/ like your personal settings and files will be on the second partition.

during install there's no NTFS-support. At this point that really isn't needed. If you really want to have a NTFS partition, create it later and leave the rest of the HDD-space empty. You can create the partition later during Windows-installation or by installing the NTFS-Tools and a partition manager like gparted . *It is highly recommended to install Windows before ubuntu. Windows DOES NOT create any settings for ubuntu. It will be like you dont have it installed. Ubuntu in the other hand KNOWS all configs for windows and will create a boot manager to choose the booted system automatically on ubuntu install. *

Hope this helped.


Ubuntu 17.04 "configure vpn" option is disabled

You don't need to use the "Configure VPN" option. If you have your configuration file, from the NetworkManager icon go to Edit Connections... -> Add -> Import a saved VPN configuration. It worked for me on 17.04. If you don't have a configuration file, go to Edit Connections... -> Add ->  OpenVPN.


How do I set DocumentRoot/Directory path in XAMPP httpd.conf to USB flash folder?

I found the solution after 5 hours of searching...

    <IfModule unixd_module>
        User username
        Group username
    </IfModule>
# username means your linux login username!

    <Directory />
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

        DocumentRoot "/opt/lampp/www"

    <Directory "/opt/lampp/www">
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks ExecCGI Includes
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
# DocumentRoot path and Directory path are symbolic link to /media/username/USB_FLASH/www folder!

Then, I made a symbolic link with Terminal emulator:

sudo ln -s /media/username/USB_FLASH/www /opt/lampp

and then a symbolic link is made from /media/username/USB_FLASH/www to /opt/lampp.


Enable fractional scaling for Ubuntu 18.04

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 1.2

This command does not change display scaling. It's just a little text-scaling trick for solving the HiDPI problem on Ubuntu. Still looking for the perfect solution.


How to open file with default application from command line?

I think xdg-open is the command you are looking for.

NAME
       xdg-open - opens a file or URL in the user's preferred application

SYNOPSIS
       xdg-open {file | URL}

       xdg-open {--help | --manual | --version}

DESCRIPTION
       xdg-open opens a file or URL in the user's preferred application. If a
       URL is provided the URL will be opened in the user's preferred web
       browser. If a file is provided the file will be opened in the preferred
       application for files of that type. xdg-open supports file, ftp, http
       and https URLs.

eg: xdg-open index.php

This will open index.php in gedit(if you are using gnome).

If you want to open a url in browser

xdg-open http://google.com

this will open google.com in your default browser.

xdg-open is a wrapper script - it will use the desktop environment's tool (gio open, gvfs-open, kde-open, gnome-open, dde-open, exo-open, and a host of other such tools). It is also installed by default, and very likely to work on past, current and future versions (on the other hand, gvfs-open and gnome-open have been deprecated, and may be unavailable in future releases).


Intel Graphis card not updating. Problem with ppa?

first get rid of the ppa as it's not needed and that's what's causing your problems

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/glasen-intel-driver-saucy.list

To securely add the keys execute these commands

GET https://download.01.org/gfx/RPM-GPG-KEY-ilg | gpg --import
gpg --check-sigs --fingerprint 75E52366
gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key 7CB0FA13
gpg -a --export 75E52366 | sudo apt-key add -

Repeat for second key

GET https://download.01.org/gfx/RPM-GPG-KEY-ilg-2 | gpg --import
gpg --check-sigs --fingerprint 2F4AAA66
gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key 144BD458
gpg -a --export 2F4AAA66 | sudo apt-key add -

more info on adding keys can be found here http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ch7.en.html#s-deb-pack-sign

now execute these commands to add intel download installer for 14.04 64 bit

cd && wget https://download.01.org/gfx/ubuntu/14.04/main/pool/main/i/intel-linux-graphics-installer/intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.5-0intel1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gdebi
sudo gdebi intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.5-0intel1_amd64.deb

Now to run intel graphics installer run the following command in an open terminal

intel-linux-graphics-installer

Follow the instructions provided by the intel installer GUI. Save any unsaved work you may have and reboot for the changes to take effect.


I'm with muru in this request permission or even ask them to add a Ubuntu image or any GNU/Linux images like Redhat/OpenSuse.

Also here some thing you may try:

Press Esc, F7 or F10

Some PXE boot ROM's allow skipping PXE boot like some Intel networks. If you are lucky they may already left CD boot or USB CD boot before Hard Drive.
Another option, quiet for technical users (hijack):

Setup your own PXE server in a tiny/micro machine that have wired network interface like Raspberry Pi. Unplug that PC net cable and place it directly to your micro server, boot through PXE you own customized system, then replug the net cable to network.

Check Mini PC invasion: 10 radically tiny computers that fit in the palm of your hand and Can a $50 mini PC replace your desktop? We tested 3 of them to find out

If your micro PC is power full enough you may just use it directly, but that to many thing to unplug/replug (keyboard, mouse, network, monitor,...)


How to download and install specific Ubuntu version and disable future builds?

You can download old Ubuntu versions from http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/12.04.2/

Now choose the version you want (12.04.2) and be sure if you want it 32 or 64bit Then click on it to download.

Now for the updates you can run the update manager from DASH then go to settings and beside check for updates choose never (see the image below)


Why can't Apache2 look outside /var/www/html/ for a PHP file?

Because it is not configured to do so, by default Apache will only serve php file inside /var/www/html directory.

You can set Apache to look content anywhere within your system, in order to achieve such thing you need to change Apache setting, they are mostly located on /etc/apache2.

  Please note, that this only applies for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and newer releases.

  In my Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, the document root was set to /var/www/html.
  It was configured in the following file:

/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

  So just do a

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

  and change the following line to what you want:

DocumentRoot /var/www/html

  Also do a

sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

  and find this

<Directory /var/www/html/>    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks  AllowOverride None  Require all granted
</Directory>

  and change /var/www/html to your preferred directory

  and save it.

  After you saved your changes, just restart the apache2 webserver and
  you'll be done :)

sudo service apache2 restart

   If you prefer a graphical text editor, you can just replace the sudo nano by a gksu gedit.

Taken from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/23175981


My music doesn't sync with iPod Touch 4G iOS 5.1

I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 x64 on an Acer Aspire 5740 laptop (i3 with HD graphics) and I too had this problem.  Neither Banshee, Rhythmbox or any other program worked to put songs in my iPod Touch 4g (iOS 5.1.1 jailbroken).  Installing iTunes through Wine didn't work either (i tried all versions 32 and 64 bit).  I also tried to install Windows 7/XP (32 and 64 bit) through VMWare Player and Virtualbox with no success.  I was about to format my laptop and install Windows 7 x64 but I kept looking and googgling for another possibility to put songs in my iPod Touch 4g and I finally found a solution that works for me.  In order for this to work you need to Jailbreak your iPod touch first.

When I plug in my iPod in Ubuntu (I use 12.04 64 bit) it mounts it and it appears as a device (like a hard drive) and you can open it and navigate through the archives.  You can add and delete files just like a hard drive.  Well what I did was copy the mp3s that I wanted to the folder Downloads located at /var/mobile/Media/Downloads.  Then, in my iPod Touch, I downloaded and installed the app MewSeek from Cydia (source:  cydia.xsellize.com).  MewSeek allows you to add mp3s to the iPod library when you put them in /var/mobile/Media/Downloads or by downloading them through MewSeek itself.  When you put the mp3s in /var/mobile/Media/Downloads they appear in the downloads section in MewSeek.  To add an mp3 to the iPod library you have to select the mp3 (or mp3s) by tapping on it/them and then tapping on the Add to iPod button on the top right corner.  Then you can open the iPod app and you'll see that the mp3 (mp3s) is/are there.  Also, before adding them you can edit the tags for artist, song, album, etc. in MewSeek by tapping on the mp3 and tapping on the button Edit tags on the bottom left corner.  I think you can also edit the tags and even add the proper artwork using Banshee and Rhythmbox before moving the mp3s to Downloads.

Well, for me this has been the only solution to adding mp3s to the iPod app in my jailbroken iPod Touch 4g.  I don't know if it works for other iPods or iPhones, i hope it does since switching back to Windows, with all due respect, would really suck!  Good luck.


Installing Wine, but Need to Remove Nvidia-opencl-304

Please refer to my web-blog to solve this issue.

I have just successfully installed both CUDA and Wine on my Ubuntu 14.04. And both of them are working.

Basically, you need to use aptitude to exam each conflict carefully and modify the right entries in /var/lib/dpkg/status so that the dependencies for installed packages get changed and they no longer cause conflict with new packages. After that, you can install new packages.


ACER TravelMate 5735Z - How do I update graphic drivers?

I would like to know if there is a terminal command to know
  which graphic card I have.

You can use lspci, e.g.:

me@my-pc:[~]$ lspci -v | grep VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])

  how can I update the drivers for that graphic card using
  non-official drivers because official ones seem not to exist.

What do you mean by non-official? Proprietary drivers supported by Ubuntu can be found under the Additional Drivers tab of the Software & Updates dialog:

Drivers not supported there and which are published as packages can be installed using APT.


Check your Google account security and generate an "app password", this should allow empathy or other 3rd party clients to authenticate.


How to Setup FTP to use in locally hosted wordpress

Well your Wordpress login and your FTP login are two different things. I have see that you use vsFTPd, so one easy thing that you can do it this :

Edit the vsFTPd configuration file :

gksu gedit /etc/vsftpd.conf

Add this at the end :

local_enable=YES

Restart your vsFTPd server :

sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart

Now you should be able to connect to your FTP using your Ubuntu login.


Fcitx "Extra key for trigger input method" changes back to default after restart

First you can use this command fcitx-configtool to open the fcitx config window,then you can change Extra key for trigger input method to whatever you want.

Then you can cd into the fcitx config folder: cd ~/.config/fcitx and  use chmod 444 profile to change the permission of the profile to read only, so that no one can change back to default value.


High CPU usage even when no application is running(Desktop)

You first should figure out what process is eating away your CPU.

open a terminal with ctrl+alt+t
execute the command top
note the process using the most cpu

If the process isn't a system process, kill it with sudo pkill [processname] with [processname] the name of the process you want to kill. If it is a system process, don't kill it, but try to google the name of it and figure out what functionality it does in Ubuntu. Then you can proceed to turn it off (in e.g. you system settings).


"ppc64el" of "Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/)"

No, you want amd64, which is for 64-bit x86 CPUs from AMD or Intel, which is what you have.

ppc64el is for IBM POWER8 CPUs, which you don't have.


16.04 - lightdm - run command every login attempt and every account unlock

tl;dr:

It works, but some package could overwrite your config and then you're screwed.

I've made some progress here. I know how to run something at *every* authentication attempt.

My /etc/pam.d/common-auth:

#
# /etc/pam.d/common-auth - authentication settings common to all services
#
# This file is included from other service-specific PAM config files,
# and should contain a list of the authentication modules that define
# the central authentication scheme for use on the system
# (e.g., /etc/shadow, LDAP, Kerberos, etc.).  The default is to use the
# traditional Unix authentication mechanisms.
#
# As of pam 1.0.1-6, this file is managed by pam-auth-update by default.
# To take advantage of this, it is recommended that you configure any
# local modules either before or after the default block, and use
# pam-auth-update to manage selection of other modules.  See
# pam-auth-update(8) for details.

# here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block)
auth    [success=2 default=ignore]  pam_unix.so nullok_secure
# here's the fallback if no module succeeds
auth    optional            pam_exec.so quiet /usr/local/bin/onlogin.sh fail
auth    requisite           pam_deny.so
# prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already;
# this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code
# since the modules above will each just jump around
auth    optional            pam_exec.so quiet /usr/local/bin/onlogin.sh ok
auth    required            pam_permit.so
# and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block)
auth    optional    pam_ecryptfs.so unwrap
# end of pam-auth-update config

So, let's start from the top:

auth    [success=2 default=ignore]  pam_unix.so nullok_secure

Default, success equals 1 here. It tells PAM how many lines it should skip if user has authenticated successfully.
I've changed it to 2, because i've added the line:

auth    optional            pam_exec.so quiet /usr/local/bin/onlogin.sh fail

So, auth tells PAM to run command at every authentication, of course. Then optional should pass script even if there was an error i guess.
pam_exec.so is a library which runs the /usr/local/bin/onlogin.sh script with fail as a parameter, because this line is executed when user entered wrong credentials. I've added quiet, because on my VM there was an error at every sudo/su authentication.

The next line, ending with pam_deny.so, like the name says, prevents user from access. It's default here.

Then, the same line as above, but ending with an ok, to tell the script that the user authenticated successfully.

    auth    optional            pam_exec.so quiet /usr/local/bin/onlogin.sh ok

All was running correctly, but… The problem was when I've tried to login to the Ubuntu's built-in Guest account. Because, uhm, there is no authentication. No password = no authentication. In this case the solution provided by @NGRhodes works.

At my Ubuntu xenial VM everything worked correctly, so I moved it to my physical machine, rebooted the machine, logged into my account, logged back to guest. Good. Reboot again - works like a charm.

So, at the evening, like everyday I've updated my machine. Reboot. Log in. Password incorrect. Tried again - password incorrect… Booting some livecd distro, cd into /etc/pam.d/ to turn this off and what I see? success=2 became success=1 and every attempt - successfully or failed - executed pam_deny.so.

Booted again, logged in successfully, tailf /var/log/apt/history.log | grep -i pam, and some wild libpam-cgfs appears. So, this package (probably) overwritten part of /etc/pam.d/common-auth.

Attaching onlogin.sh for descendants :) - remember to install fswebcam first.

#!/bin/bash

# $PAM_* variables are described in `man pam_exec`

RESULT="${1}"                               # login result (ok/fail)
WEBCAM_DEV="/dev/video0"                        # webcam device
WEBCAM_RES="1280x720"                           # desired screen resolution (if too large fswebcam fallbacks to device's max)
FRAMES="1"                              # how many shots to take (also add nanoseconds to date in filename to prevent overwrite and/or fswebcam crash)

PHOTO_DIR="/opt/_webcam"                        # where to save photos
FILENAME="${RESULT}_${PAM_USER}_$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S).jpg"     # filename
OUTPUT="${PHOTO_DIR}/${FILENAME}"                   # dir+filename

# create dir
mkdir -p ${PHOTO_DIR}

# append to the log
if [[ ${RESULT} == 'ok' ]]; then
    RESULT='succeed'
else
    RESULT='failed'
fi

logger -t 'onlogin.sh' "Login ${RESULT} by ${PAM_SERVICE} at ${PAM_TTY} for user ${PAM_USER}"

# say cheeeeese (if authorization is provided by lightdm)
if [[ ${PAM_SERVICE} == "lightdm" ]]; then
    fswebcam -d ${WEBCAM_DEV} -r ${WEBCAM_RES} --jpeg 90 -q -F ${FRAMES} ${OUTPUT}
else
    # if authorization is provided by something else (e.g. sudo) do nothing
    :
fi

Some posts were very helpful:

pam: action on (unsuccessful) login
Login notifications, pam_exec scripting


inside your boot directory, it should be like this:

/boot/efi/EFI/Boot/ ----> BOOTx64.EFI

if the file isn't there, you can issue the following command:

sudo cp /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi /boot/efi/EFI/boot/BOOTx64.EFI

assuming boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi exists. if not, copy it from wherever you can find it inside EFI directory and its sub directories.


NVMe disk configured in RAID0 unable to install Ubuntu 16.04

The Asus ROG G752VY appears to be a laptop, I think Matthew Garret wrote about this "RAID issue":

I don't know for sure, but it's potentially related to something I've written about before - recent Intel hardware needs special setup for good power management. The storage driver that Microsoft ship doesn't do that setup. The Intel-provided driver does. "RAID" mode prevents the Microsoft driver from binding and forces the user to use the Intel driver, which means they get the correct power management configuration, battery life is better and the machine doesn't melt.
…
The real problem here is that Intel do very little to ensure that free operating systems work well on their consumer hardware - we still have no information from Intel on how to configure systems to ensure good power management, we have no support for storage devices in "RAID" mode and we have no indication that this is going to get better in future. If Intel had provided that support, this issue would never have occurred.

So if you are able to change the mode from RAID to the other option (usually AHCI, but that can't be right for NVMe disks). The you would need to reinstall Windows and you would be able to install a Linux distribution of your choice. N.B.: there are a few more issues with nvme.
If you cannot change the mode then that's the end of the road for now.


You can probably use the ndiswrapper to install the drivers. I recently had the same problem with a netgear wireless usb.

Also, .exe files are for windows so thats not gonna work out with linux, that's what the ndiswrapper is for.

I'm actually in the middle of repairing my Ubuntu partition at the moment so I don't have access to exact steps to take, but to get ya started, google ndiswrapper and download the tar. Then download the drivers for your card (if you can).

I'll add some more steps needed to get set up as soon as I can.


Can i get Task manager to show only icons?

To have only icons instead of icons plus text, first click on the icon boxed in the lower right corner of the image below. (The icon may appear as three parallel bars ☰.) Clicking this icon brings up an interface that allows you to change the location and dimensions of your panel as well as to add/remove widgets.

(I should mention that you'll see the ☰ icon only if you've not locked your widgets. If you don't see the ☰ icon, that means you've locked your widgets and so can't add or remove widgets, or alter the state of your panel(s). Anyway, you can easily toggle between having your widgets locked or unlocked by pressing Alt+D and then pressing L but this has to be done directly on the desktop and not over any window that is in focus.)

Next, click on Add Widgets and, in the search box of the window that appears, type icon, or just scroll up/down until you see the appropriate widget:

Double-click1 on the widget and then close the Add Widgets window. You'll now see both the conventional task manager (showing icons plus text) as well as the icons-only task manager (boxed in yellow) in the image below.

To remove the conventional task manager (showing icons plus text), again click on the the icon that allows you to configure your panel and add widgets. Hover over the area of the conventional task manager and choose Remove. Then, hover over the the icons-only task manager area and drag the task manager to where you want it.

In the image below, we have Firefox, Konsole, Kate and Dolphin all as icons only.

Caution: Although I have been using the icons-only task manager without issue, I've read that some widgets can be resource-heavy or cause memory leakage.

1: There probably are several videos dealing with the same subject. One is Opensuse 42.2 Icon Only Task Manager. Despite the title, it is largely applicable to Kubuntu with KDE Plasma 5.x as well and shows a drag-and-drop route to insert the widget in your panel exactly where you want it saving the effort of subsequently moving it. As with other resources, please make sure the resource matches your version of KDE Plasma.


This is not ubuntu related, based on this doc - configuration format has changed. For example, the format has changed from:

log4js.configure({
appenders: [
{ type: 'console' },
{ type: 'file', filename: 'logs/site.log' }
]
});
var logger = log4js.getLogger();

To

log4js.configure({
appenders: {
out:{ type: 'console' },
app:{ type: 'file', filename: 'logs/site.log' }
},
categories: {
default: { appenders: [ 'out', 'app' ], level: 'debug' }
}
});
var logger = log4js.getLogger();

More information can be found Log4js - Appenders and must have a property "appenders" of type object. #500


Getting strange errors while downloading mysql

My observation was that error "Cannot stat file /proc/2801/fd/1023: Permission denied" which I never faced before, probably need @Ryan Akuszewski laptop for further analysis. I am suprised with the error "installed mysql-server-5.7 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit" because @Ryan Akuszewski was installing MYSQL 8.0.13 server however there was a reference to "mysql-server-5.7 package" which was odd. The problem should be with dependencies, so the laptop requires to sort them out before proceeding to install. That is why I began the process with dependency installation.
If any one has better insight into this issue, please come out and share their expert opinion.

You may need to install the libaio library if it is not already present on your system:
how to check if libaio is installed (quickly)
$ apt-cache policy libaio1
If it's installed, it will display the version installed, if it's not, it will display the lines of text. If it is installed then skip Install libaio and goto step-1.
Install libaio
$ sudo apt-get install libaio1 libaio-dev
Note: use the following commands in order to fix all the dependencies for libaio1, libmecab2 and so on.
$ sudo aptitude update
$ sudo aptitude upgrade

Note: Make sure that aptitude has been installed in Ubuntu.

Figure-1: Install libaio1
Step 1 Get MySQL APT Repository
The MySQL package version that comes with Ubuntu default repositories is not the latest version. If you need to install the latest version of MySQL database, you may want to install its repository in Ubuntu.
You can also use the command line to download, changing the version number of the package.
$ cd /tmp/ && wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.10-1_all.deb
Then run the commands below to install
$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.10-1_all.deb
When you run the commands above, you should get a config prompt. Just select OK as shown in the image below.
MySQL APT Repo features MySQL Server along with a variety of MySQL components. You may select the appropriate product to choose the version that you wish to receive.
Step 2: Install MySQL 8.0.13 Server and Client.
Now that the repository is installed, run the commands below to install
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install mysql-server mysql-client

There are also packages with server-core and client-core in the package names. These
contain binaries only and are installed automatically by the standard packages. Installing them by themselves will not result in a functioning MySQL setup.
If you are being warned of unmet dependencies by dpkg, you can fix them using apt-get:
$ sudo apt-get -f install   # Fix/correct the system with any broken dependencies in place.
$ cd ~

Here are where the files are installed on the system:

All configuration files (like my.cnf) are under /etc/mysql
All binaries, libraries, headers, etc., are under /usr/bin and
/usr/sbin
The data directory is under /var/lib/mysql

Warning: Debian distributions of MySQL are also provided by other vendors. Be aware that they may differ from those built by Oracle in features, capabilities, and conventions (including communication setup), and that the instructions in this manual do not necessarily apply to installing them. The vendor's instructions should be consulted instead.
When you run the commands above, you should get a config prompt. Just select OK as shown in the image below. But unfortunately, my observation was, MySQL was not supporting Cosmic Cuttlefish (Ubuntu 18.10), the installation was trying to abort, but you can select Ubuntu Bionic (18.04) and go ahead with installation. Use Up arrow and select ubuntu bionic (18.04) as shown in figure-1.
Navigational Tips:
a) Use ↑or↓ to position the cursor on your choice of System.
b) Hit Spacebar to mark your selection (Don't ignore this step).
c) Use Tab to navigate to OK button and press Return.

Figure-2: Select ubuntu bionic (18.04) in the absence of ubuntu cosmic (18.10)
MySQL APT Repo features MySQL Server along with a variety of MySQL components. You may select the appropriate product to choose the version that you wish to receive.

Figure-3: Select appropriate product
During the installation, you should be prompted to create and confirm a MySQL root password.

Figure-4: Enter password

Figure-5: Re-Enter password
Also, you confirm whether you want to use the new password encryption feature. it’s recommended.

Figure-6: password encryption feature

Figure-7: Configuring mysql communuty server
Special Notes on Upgrading the Shared Client Libraries

You can install the shared client libraries from MySQL APT repository
by the following command (see Installing Additional MySQL Products
and Components with APT for more details):shell> sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient20
If you already have the shared client libraries installed from you
Linux platform's software repository, it can be updated by the MySQL
APT repository with its own package by using the same command (see
Replacing the Native Distribution by an APT Update for more
details).
After updating MySQL using the APT repository, applications compiled
with older versions of the shared client libraries should continue to
work.

To install the shared client libraries:
$ sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient18

Figure-8: install the shared client libraries
The MySQL services should start automatically after installation, check its status to ensure that it is up and running.
$ sudo service mysql status
After that, MySQL should be installed, you can logon by running the commands:
$ sudo mysql -u root -p
You should see MySQL welcome screen shown below:

Figure-9: Login into mysql
Step 3: Verify the MySQL Installation
$ dpkg --get-selections | grep mysql    # Show packages relating to mysql

Figure-10: Show packages relating to mysql
Thus the list of packages is shown in the above figure-10.
$ dpkg --status mysql-server            # Check the details of a package

Figure-11: Status of mysql server
The status of server is shown in the above figure-11.
$ dpkg --listfiles mysql-server     # List the installed files of a package

Figure-12: List the installed files of the package
The following commands will check the location of "mysqld" (MySQL server deamon):
$ which mysqld

Figure-13: Location of mysql server deamon
$ whereis mysqld

Figure-14: Where is msqld?
As seen from the above output, the MySQL server daemon mysqld is installed at /usr/sbin (System-Software Binaries).
$ man mysqld   // Read the manual

Figure-15: Read the manual for MySQL server daemon
The following commands will check the location of "mysql" (MySQL command-line client)
$ which mysql

Figure-16: Mysql is installed in '/usr/bin'
$ whereis mysql

Figure-17: Mysql related directories
As seen from the above output, the MySQL command-line client mysql and utilities such as mysqladmin and mysqldump are located at /usr/bin (Application Software Binaries).
$ man mysql   // Read the manual

Figure-18: Read the manual for MySQL Command line tool
Step 4: Configure MySQL Server
MySQL reads the startup options from the files shown below, in the specified order (top files are read first, files read later take precedence. Reference: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/option-files.html)

/etc/my.cnf
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
SYSCONFDIR/my.cnf
$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf (server only)
The file specified in --defaults-extra-file startup option, if any
~/.my.cnf
~/.mylogin.cnf (client only)

The installation default /etc/mysql/my.cnf includes directories /etc/mysql/conf.d/ and /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/. The /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf is empty. Hence, the main configuration file is /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf.
Browse through /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf:
[mysqld]
user            = mysql
port            = 3306
basedir         = /usr
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
......
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
......

A special user called "mysql" is created to run the MySQL server.
The server runs on the default port number of 3306.
The data directory is located at /var/lib/mysql (owned by
mysql:mysql).
The error log is located at /var/log/mysql/error.log.

Step 5: Start/Shutdown MySQL Server (mysqld)
MySQL is run as a service called "mysql" (configured at "/etc/init.d/mysql"), which is started automatically after boot. To start/stop/restart mysql, you could:
$ sudo service mysql start
$ sudo service mysql stop
$ sudo service mysql restart        # Stop and start
$ sudo service mysql status         # Show the status

MySQL server will be started automatically after the installation. You CANNOT start another instance! To check the mysqld process:
$ ps aux | grep mysqld

Figure-18: mysqld instance has begun
Step 6: Start/Stop MySQL Command-line Client (mysql)
To start a MySQL client:
$ mysql -u root -p          # Enter the password for the root user you have set in Step 1

mysql> select user, host, authentication_string from mysql.user;

Figure-20: Host and Authentication_string information for various users
mysql> exit
Step 7: Check Status of MySQL.
$ sudo service mysql status     # Show the status

Figure-21: Status information of Mysql Server Process.
That how to install the latest version of MySQL on Ubuntu! Enjoy!!


If you want to compile a kernel, move to the kernel directory (suppose linux 3.14):

cd linux 3.14

then make defconfig,  which automatically creates the x86 config for the kernel.

If you wish add extra features (custom kernel building), use make menuconfig.


Rendering of games is messed up when alt+tabbing back into them

This problem went away, without me doing anything. It might be, that  updates to the gnome-desktop, that I wasn't aware of, corrected this misbehaviour.

The Nvidia drivers are still the same as before...


How do I convert epub to mobi using calibre?

Yes, Calibre package contains a script called ebook-convert to convert ebooks between formats. You can install Calibre with

sudo apt-get install calibre

then

ebook-convert "book.epub" "book.mobi"

NB: Other formats are supported, too:

ebook-convert "book.azw3" "book.pdf"


Transferring files from Ubuntu PC to Ubuntu laptop

A direct connection between two computers is perfectly possible with a "cross cable" and can be bought at any store that sells network cables.  Some newer network interface cards (NIC) don't even need a cross-cable and can use a normal network cable.  Refer to the technical specifications of your NIC for further info.

Hardware config:

Have a look at this Ask Ubuntu Q&A how to set up a static IP address and set one computer to use 192.168.1.1/24 and the other to 192.168.1.2/24

Plug this cable into the Ethernet ports of both computers.

Software:

The easiest way to transfer files between computers is nitroshare as it doesn't need any infrastructure and is easy to install and blindingly fast.  It also runs on everything: Ubuntu, Windows, ...

To install nitroshare, use the following steps:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:george-edison55/nitroshare-dev
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nitroshare

A small icon now shows up in the menu bar:

(do these steps on both computers)

On one computer, click the nitroshare icon and click "Send Directory" and send Documents, Pictures, ... over one by one.

Warning! Do not send the entire /home directory as that will copy your configuration files as well!


Docker performance on ubuntu host 2x+ worse than OSX host

After testing on multiple devices, we found what seems to be a difference in I/O interfaces:

Sysbench generalized IO transfer results for 300s:

SATA3 - 1gb
SATA6 Ubuntu - 3gb
SATA6 OSX (2+ year old mbpro) - 12gb
PCIe (new mbpro) - 57gb

I'm looking at a hardware upgrade for PCIe storage.


I've accidentally overwritten my partition table

Would it be faster to simply backup (eg, don't turn the box off!), reinstall, and restore? If not, maybe this'll help:
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/recovering.html

TL;DR:

make a partition larger than the deleted partition.
run dumpe2fs on the partition (assuming you're using ext4 or variant) and grep block count: dumpe2fs /dev/sda1 | grep "Block count:"
delete the partition
recreate the partition with the block size you got from step 2 ; you may need to specify this in cylinders:  num_cylinders = (step2_blocks /(block_size = (unit_size = ((number of heads) * (number of sectors/cylinder) * (number of bytes/sector))/1024)))
fsck /dev/sda1
At this point, should be mountable on reboot. I'd still back that puppy up before putting it to the test.

If you've got more partitions, repeat procedure above for each of them in turn.


Ubuntu Gnome menu sizes on high res monitor

I have the same problem and I'm using PC with NVIDIA card.
I seems that it depends, if user is in Administration -group, Gnome will look too big.
But when user have no Admin/sudo -access, Gnome will look and act as normal.


Some windows don't fit on 1024x600, what can I do?

Unfortunately there are still plenty of pieces of software that do not take low resolution screens into account when designing their interfaces.

One workaround you can do when a window doesn't fit is to click and drag on any area of the window on it while holding the Alt key down, this will let you move the window up so that you can at least click the buttons on the bottom of windows.


Bios splash screen freeze after removing Ubuntu

It's possible that your EFI bootloader info for Windows was stored in Ubuntu's /boot partition.  If that's the case, you need to somehow get Windows (boot from DVD?) to re-create those Windows system files.  I did this once, about a year ago, and couldn't tell you how I did it  Maybe I just backed-up everything and re-installed. It took a long time to figure out.  Look in the Microsoft Knowledge Base, as it's almost certainly a Windows problem, at this point.


why k4dirstat or DiskUsageAnalyzer, when run at root (/), will end up making that FS readonly?

From the comments...

Syslog and SMART report similar errors...

syslog's sda [SAT], 43 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors matches SMART's "Current Pending Sector Count"=43

Potential bad sectors only get marked unusable during a WRITE operation, not READ. That's probably why k4dirstat and Disk Usage Analyzer caused the drive to go read only.

Possible failing sda HDD.

Update #1:

After performing a good backup, lets check for bad blocks and see if we can map them out... maybe you'll get a little more time with this disk... if there aren't too many bad blocks.

Boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB, open the terminal app, and use the:

sudo e2fsck -fcck /dev/sdaX # yes, that's -fcck

command, where sdaX needs to be your Ubuntu partition.

The -fcck parameter...

   -f     Force checking even if the file system seems clean.

   -c     This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program  to  do  a
          read-only  scan  of  the device in order to find any bad blocks.
          If any bad blocks are found, they are added  to  the  bad  block
          inode  to  prevent them from being allocated to a file or direc‐
          tory.  If this option is specified twice,  then  the  bad  block
          scan will be done using a non-destructive read-write test.

   -k     When combined with the -c option, any existing bad blocks in the
          bad blocks list are preserved, and any new bad blocks  found  by
          running  badblocks(8)  will  be added to the existing bad blocks
          list.


Try "Disks" application in Ubuntu for mount again without reconnecting.

Click on the play/stop button for mount/unmount the drive.


KRDC maps both 'alt' and 'meta' keys to 'meta' when connecting to a MAC vnc host

Have you tried xkeycaps? You may want to remap that alt key if it is being sent as the meta key.
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man1/xkeycaps.1.html
sudo apt-get install xkeycaps


How to disable ls colors on ntfs-mounted partitions only?

You should mount the ntfs partition with better permissions than just 777.

if you add

fmask=133,dmask=022

to the options section of your fstab entry the drive shouldn't look so weird when viewed with ls. Folders will be 755 and files 644 which matches your home directory.

Unless you need to run executable files from the partition in which case I think 777 is the only way to go.


Ubuntu 18.04 window flickering/strobing white for specific applications

Again this is not a solution, I am still unable to comment.
You could try reinstalling the driver
sudo apt install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-dri

Shutdown, disconnect the cable. Power on. When you log in try and select one of the other display managers (click on the cog to select an alternative), this is to rule out that it isn't the display manager at fault. Then connect the display cable.


Problem at opening NASA World Wind. I get a terminal error (java problem)

It says you don't have java installed. type java  should output something like java is /usr/bin/java.  The package you want to install is openjdk-7-jre.

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre

Then try step 4 again.

On a side-note, if you run LANG=C first (without any spaces), the following commands in that terminal will be untranslated (which typically means messages will be in english instead of your selected language).


Try to start Ubuntu from USB stick as a live system. And when all things running fine - then simply try it :).


Greetings and welcome to Linux.
Sometimes things can be a little frustrating for beginners, but believe me, it's worth persevering with.
Unfortunately, it can be most difficult to fix problems that occur before your OS boots. It's also not clear if your problem is because of dual boot or some other issue.

Try pressing the Shift when the UEFI/BIOS has finished or has almost finished loading. You should see various boot options, including recovery mode. Source
If you're able to get Ubuntu to boot again, modify your config file custom.conf by uncommenting the seventh line #Wayland = false Full description here
If you can't boot at all, try pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 when stuck on the splash screen. You should be able to login from the command line. At this point, you can follow the above instructions, although you'll have to edit the config file from within the command line session. This is a bit lengthy to explain here if you don't know how. I'll let you research it yourself
You can try updating your device drivers. Once again, this is much harder to do if you can't boot Ubuntu. As you've stated you have managed this at least once, you'll have to get that far and then go through the Software & Updates application. For example like this

Good luck


How to reset BQ Ubuntu phone when GUI is inaccessible?

Warning: This will ERASE all your data

Switch off the phone
Press and hold the Volume Up + Power button simultaneously for around 10 seconds.
Release the Power button when the red LED lights.
Afterwards press the Power button to enter Recovery Mode.
Press Volume Down, choose wipe data/factory reset and then push the Volume Up button.
Select Yes--delete all user data. Use Volume Down to scroll and Volume Up to select.
When Recovery Mode menu appears again select reboot system now to restart the phone.

If all goes well, you will have the phone as when you bought it. Without data nor settings

Thanks to John McAleely by its contributions to this answer.


"Python could not import the module virtualenvwrapper.hook_loader"

I run...

conda install -c eumetsat virtualenvwrapper

and the problem is gone.


See also https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1069971. Same/similar issue. lo-menubar not installed (and should not be needed under 12.10?) and not installable (errors out on apt-get install).


Looks like problem solved. It turns out there's an old .yaml file in /run/netplan that conflict with the one in /etc/netplan, once I deleted it, netplan apply works. (I never bother to check there since I rebooted the system many times and /run is mounted as tmpfs, how that .yaml file survive reboots is a mystery I guess).

Now next challenge:

How do I configure veth devices & netns in netplan?


I want to install ubuntu in an ipad1 16 Gb, and I'm ready to follow your instructions

As of now it is not possible and will not be possible in near future (you can take that as NEVER)

The bootloader to these devices are locked and they will only boot iOS. There is no way you can install any other OS.  There are project like [idroid] (http://www.idroidproject.org) for for porting andriod to older idevices (for which a bootloader exploit was found) ,   but to my knowledge no one is working with ubuntu on iDevice


Actually, I'm getting the same issue on Mac OS X 10.6, Firefox 4.0b11. Looks like it's a Firefox bug.


upgraded to Ubuntu 20.04, unable to access older NAS and samba servers

Just for completeness...as I could not read the exact instructions from the posts. If you have a NAS (e.g. FritzBox) that uses SMB1 you can make nautilus/gio downgrade the smb connection with the following commands, if you don't already have a .smb/smb.conf file (like me):
mkdir ~/.smb
echo "[global]" > ~/.smb/smb.conf
echo "client min protocol = CORE" >> ~/.smb/smb.conf

As an alternative for FritzBox users you could possibly upgrade your FritzBox to SMB2/SMB3 using the experimental Fritz!Lab OS.
See https://en.avm.de/service/fritzbox/fritzbox-7490/knowledge-base/publication/show/3327_SMB-versions-supported-by-the-FRITZ-Box/
Then you possibly don't need this workaround, but I didn't test that yet.
The bug with the files showing as folders is fixed now in Ubuntu 20.04 (focal) with smblibs package version 4.11.6+dfsg-0ubuntu1.2


once ubuntu is installed do i always nee to use USB key?

You can remove your USB device from the PC. To do it in the safe way:

Select "Try Ubuntu" after boot in the USB media.
Open or install gParted. (Optional)
Format the partitions, or create a new partition table. (msdos for BIOS mode, or gpt, for UEFI mode). (Optional)
Launch the Ubuntu installer, located in the desktop (as I remember).
Select the "Erase disk and install Ubuntu" option.
Wait until the install finishes.
When done, close the install program, and turn off the PC, by going to the session buttons at the top right corner, at the gear icon. Then press "Shut down".
Remove your USB media.
Turn on the PC again.
Wait for the boot process to complete, it could take a while the first time.

For more information look at Install Ubuntu 16.04


Apparently, it is not enough to just install bbswitch-dkms. Maybe a manual initramfs afterwards will do the trick. What does definitely do the trick, however, is to follow the guide on the Ubuntu Wiki and do the following, if you just want bumblebee for power saving:

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends bumblebee

After I did that, the power meter dropped from 45W to 30W!


Managing dependency across Upstart and SysV-style init.d script

Ubuntu has /etc/init/rc.conf starting on all runlevels. It calls /etc/init.d/rc with new runlevel as parameter. I don't think its possible to time your job to start per init.d script, but if you put your job starting on starting rc or startup, it has the best chances.


The in-tree mt7601 kernel driver does not support AP mode yet.

But the vendor driver does support this mode. The problem is that Mediatek does not maintain the driver well enough. It does not build for new kernels.

But some people patch these drivers. If you search the web, you will find some github repos with the source.

See this question for more information.


Creating a PC-Boot-able Ubuntu Installation

I now have this working largely thanks to this process...
How to Create a Full Install of Ubuntu 20.04 to USB Device Step by Step
...and for the benefit of anyone, particularly newbies like me, attempting it to create a Ubuntu bootable USB installation I offer my own notes to the (slightly modified) original which are indicated by bullet points:

Create a Live USB or DVD using SDC, UNetbootin, mkusb, dd, etc.

You can get this here: https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview  Note that this is a 'Live' version which, despite the name, is only any good for testing Ubuntu or installing it - any data you add to it will be erased (although user 'ChanganAuto' says that if a live session with persistence is enough for your needs then just 'burn' the ISO with MKUSB using the option to have persistence: help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb#Persistent_live_systems)

Turn off the computer and reboot with the USB (Booting BIOS mode preferred).

Select your language and 'Try Ubuntu'.

Insert the target flash drive.

Start GParted.

You can find all installed apps by clicking on the icon at the bottom left of the screen and using the search option.
BE SUPER-CAREFUL HERE - YOU DON'T WANT TO MESS UP YOUR PC'S OPERATING SYSTEM!
Use the drop-down box in the top-right of GParted to select the disk you want to work on.  His was /dev/sdd - mine was /dev/sdc and the various partitions will be numbered sdx1, sdx2, sdx3, etc. where x is the drive in your particular case.

Unmount any mounted partitions.
Some of the partitions may mount automatically

Select Device tab and create a GPT partition table on the Target drive.

Create a 3GB NTFS or FAT32 partition on the right side, (optional Linux / Windows data partition, See Note 3 at bottom).
What he means by 'right' is the end of the drive's space.  You are creating 3Gb of padding (why so much?) and a few steps later you will create a partition which fills up to this point (if that makes sense!)

Create a 1MB partition on the left side, format as unformatted.
i.e. at the beginning

Create a 300MB FAT32 partition next to the 1MB partition.

Create a 7GB ext partition next to the 300MB partition.
I found this was NOT enough and doubled it to 14Gb

In the remaining space create an ext4 partition, (optional for /home partition).

Apply All Operations.
You do this by pressing the 'tick' or 'check' sign

Flag the 1MB partition as bios_grub.
Note that when you do this the words 'grub2 core.img' do not appear as he shows them in his diagram.  This is not a problem.

Flag the 300MB partition as boot,esp.

Start Install Ubuntu.
The top left icon on the home screen is the one which does this

Select Language, click "Continue".

Select Keyboard layout, click "Continue".

Select Wireless network, click "Continue". (optional).

Select installation preference and select "Download updates while installing Ubuntu", (optional), and Select "Install third-party software ...", click "Continue". (Optional).

If asked about mounted partitions, select Yes, click "Continue".
I wasn't

Do not use Advanced feature disk encryption for this install method. (See Note 3 at bottom).

At "Installation type" select "Something else", click "Continue".

Under Device for boot loader installation select the target drive.
IN THE NEXT STEPS BE VERY CAREFUL TO FOLLOW HIS INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY...

Select partition sdx4 and click change, select use as Ext4, select format this partition, and Mount point = "/" then OK.

If asked to Write previous changes... click Continue.

Select partition sdx5 and click change, select use as Ext4, select format this partition, and Mount point = "/home" then OK. (optional).

Click Install now.

Confirm partitions to be formatted if asked, click continue.

Select your location. click "Continue".

Insert your name, computer name, username, password and select if you want to log in automatically or require a password. - Click "Continue".

Wait until install is complete.

Do not reboot or unplug the target USB.
Sounds easy!  However, at the end of the installation you get a message saying that you need to restart - do not do this.  Press the 'X' at the top-right of the message box to get rid of it without restarting!

Copy the 'boot' and the 'EFI' folders from the Ubuntu ISO file to the boot,esp partition sdx3.
Yes, I had rights issues.  So...

If there any problems with permissions, etc, open Nautilus using sudo -H nautilus and try copying again.
To do this you'll need use the 'Terminal' application which you can find in the same way as you found 'GParted'.  Once Terminal is running just type:
 sudo mount /dev/sdx3 /mnt

(Note that I have moved this up from where it was in the instructions)
And then sudo -H nautilus and you'll get a window where somehow - sorry can't remember exactly how it worked - you can put the directories where they are supposed to go.

Copy grub.cfg from partition sdx4 /boot/grub/ to partition sdx3 /boot/grub/ overwriting the grub.cfg file.

Re-Install GRUB:
So, using the Terminal again...
sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/sdx

Note that it is just 'sdx' and not 'sdx3' or whatever, i.e. it's pointing at the disk not a specific partition.

Turn off computer and plug in the HDD.
Shut down Ubuntu using the icon in the top-right of the screen - don't just switch the PC off!

Now, with the USB in a PC, try booting it.
Getting a bootable USB took me three days (yes three!!!) to get right.  I sincerely hope these notes (and of course the work of the original author C.S. Cameron) will save you some time.  :-)


Why are WebP utilities built on Ubuntu 14.04 not working and showing a library error?

With the help of some members of Full Circle Magazine's official Telegram group, I've solved this problem successfully.

I've faced this problem, because my LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable didn't include /usr/local/lib. To add /usr/local/lib to LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable, run the command bellow,

$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib

This will add the location /usr/local/lib to your LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. To check that you've done this successfully, run this command,

$ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH

This command should show you this result, :/usr/local/lib

NB: You've to do this everytime after you've started a new Terminal session. If you don't want to do it again and again, run the command bellow,

$ echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib" >> ~/.bashrc

This will add a new line containing export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib to the .bashrc file in the home directory.


How to upgrade from 12.04 to 12.10 using CD?

Prior to Ubuntu 12.10 you can able to upgrade your Ubuntu OS with the help of Ubuntu Alternate CD. But with the release of Ubuntu 12.10 Steve Langasek from Canonical announced on August 27th, a proposal to drop the Alternate CD ISO images starting with the upcoming Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal) operating system. On August 30th, the Alternate CDs were gone from the daily builds and will not be available at the launch of Ubuntu 12.10 Beta 1. For more information your can go through following link

Proposal to drop Ubuntu alternate CDs for 12.10

In case you want to upgrade from the disk which you have downloaded from the internet then follow below steps

Step 1. Boot with Ubuntu 12.10 Disk

Step 2. Select Install Ubuntu Option

Step 3. On the installation type screen choose Upgrade Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS to Ubuntu 12.10

In this option "Document, music and other personal files will be kept. Installed softwares will be kept where possible. System-wide settings will be cleared."

Kindly Note that as a safer side kindly take the backup of your data.

In case you want to update your Ubuntu OS using update manager then follow below post

How to Upgrade / Update Ubuntu OS to Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal) from 12.04, 11.04, 11.10


How do I install Ubuntu to another partition from within Ubuntu?

You can install ubiquity (the graphical installer used in the live images) by simply running sudo apt-get install ubiquity. Install ubiquity-frontend-gtk too, if you want the GTK frontend (sudo apt-get install ubiquity-frontend-gtk). Ubiquity can be run by calling ubiquity kde_ui or ubiquity gtk_ui from a terminal.

I will no try to install as I don't want to have to clean up afterwards. But as far as I can go everything works well. I would expect you to be able to use ubiquity from your installed Ubuntu just as you would from a live image.


Yes, Liquid Rescale for GIMP is a popular implementation of the Avidan-Shamir seam-carving image manipulation function.


The problem it is, that you probably made a Ctrl+C Ctrl+V from a website, and the end-of-line char there was something strange, not printable character. (You can make it visible by dumping to hex the file.)

Please open your file in an editor, and retype everything manually, or at least remove the last eol characters, save your work, and try again.


Workplace switcher stopped working in Ubuntu 16.04

Did another search today and found this:
Can't switch workspaces

The advice to go to Compiz ccsm and activate Desktop Wall fixes the problem immediately.

What a relief !


Mouse scroll fast forward and increase volume in the same time in VLC

It was a problem with my touchpad configuration.
Using a different configuration file fixed the problem.


Systemd fails to start openvpn in lxd managed 16.04 container

I've been looking for a fix for this also.  What I have found to work is to comment out the LimitNPROC line in /lib/systemd/system/openvpn@.service.

Don't forget to run systemctl daemon-reload after that.


Subwoofer Sound Settings revert back to default when sound level is set to minimum (mute/off), causing blown sub woofer speaker

even after allowing ubuntu to delete my Nvidia Driver ... thinking Maybe it was the issue (but still FULLY linked To Ubuntu) ... I let it revert to Nouveau ...
...
then NO SOUND AT ALL! even while displaying all the 7.1 speakers - NOTHING!

Thinking it may be still Nvidia I let Ubuntu (sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall) ... but ... Ubuntu then happily installed the Awesome Nvidia 440.XX)

and still problem persists

So much for Nvidia's fault!