Question 2. Probably not. No way to tell, but if it is failing you'll see some strange behaviour in Windows as well. Corruption of Wubi installs is fairly common, since they seem more vulnerable than normal Ubuntu installs, and this can be triggered by a crash (also not uncommon) that leads to the corruption. If you have ever forced a reboot, then look no further. This is a well-established cause of Wubi corruption. (Always use Alt+SysRq R-E-I-S-U-B to safely reboot)

Question 1.
In general, the steps to follow are:
1. Run chkdsk /r in Windows. This will repair the Windows partition that holds the Wubi \ubuntu\disks\root.disk.
2. If necessary, fsck the root.disk from an Ubuntu live DVD.

However, step 1 is not without risk. It's possible that it doesn't repair the disk and you end up with a 0 byte disk that is a dead-end.

For this reason, if you really cannot afford to lose your data, you might consider running photorec on the root.disk or booting a live DVD and mounting it read-only to back up data before attempting the repair.

Here are some links to assist with the above:

How can I recover files inside a Wubi install before re-installing Ubuntu?

How to recover Ubuntu data if it's installed inside Windows?

To run photorec, you'd boot a live DVD and then run photorec on the root.disk, sort of like this, but instead of /dev/loop0 you'd use the /<path to>/root.disk

Just remember which methods are destructive (chkdsk, fsck) and which are not. Attempting to mount and copy or running photorec are not. BUT if the root.disk is already badly corrupted you may not have a choice.

Once you have your data, I'd recommend a normal install, or if you choose to reinstall with Wubi, keep your important stuff synched off the root.disk e.g. to /host/xxx (natively on the Windows host partition).


How to save and keep the wall paper for use in a newer version of Ubuntu?

After update, you can install wallpapers from old releases:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-wallpapers-xxxxx

Where -xxxxx comes from the list below:

ubuntu-wallpapers: Ubuntu Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-artful: Ubuntu 17.10 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-bionic: Ubuntu 18.04 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-karmic: Ubuntu 9.10 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-lucid: Ubuntu 10.04 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-maverick: Ubuntu 10.10 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-natty: Ubuntu 11.04 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-oneiric: Ubuntu 11.10 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-precise: Ubuntu 12.04 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-quantal: Ubuntu 12.10 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-raring: Ubuntu 13.04 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-saucy: Ubuntu 13.10 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-trusty: Ubuntu 14.04 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-utopic: Ubuntu 14.10 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-vivid: Ubuntu 15.04 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-wily: Ubuntu 15.10 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-xenial: Ubuntu 16.04 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-yakkety: Ubuntu 16.10 Wallpapers
ubuntu-wallpapers-zesty: Ubuntu 17.04 Wallpapers


The backports upgrading changes all my desktop

From what I can ascertain, you may have installed the "ubuntustudio-gnome-branding" package from the installer, which is not intended for users of the default Ubuntu Studio Xfce install. I recommend typing sudo apt autoremove --purge ubuntustudio-gnome-branding into a terminal window to get things back to normal.


How can I install a package without installing some dependencies?

apt-get won't do this, but dpkg will.

apt-get download latexila latexila-data

That will download the binary .deb files but will not attempt to install them.

Now you can use dpkg to force install them.

dpkg --force-all -i <name of the .deb files you downloaded>

I will echo the warning in the dpkg man page here:

Warning: These options are mostly intended to be used  by experts  only.  Using  them  without  fully understanding their effects may break your whole system.

If your system is broken after attempting this, you can just try to remove latexila and latexila-data. Good luck.


IR Remote button being recognised by ir-keytable but not by irw

Turns out I had a conflicting program: inputlirc

After removing it, reconfiguring lirc, rebooting, reconfiguring ir-keytables, everything seemed to be working.

$ sudo apt-get purge inputlirc
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure lirc
$ sudo reboot now
$ sudo ir-keytables -c -w /etc/rc_keymaps/rc6_mce

irw shows no problems.

$ sudo irw
000000008001006c 00 KEY_DOWN devinput
000000008001001c 00 KEY_ENTER devinput
000000008001006f 00 KEY_DELETE devinput

To make the effect permanent, I have to edit /etc/rc.local

/etc/init.d/lirc stop
/usr/bin/ir-keytable -c
/usr/bin/ir-keytable -w /etc/rc_keymaps/rc6_mce
/etc/init.d/lirc start


In my case (ubuntu 18.04 on alienware m15 laptop) the sound stuttered and glitched randomly with any sound source. Disabling the Wi-Fi is not an option for me, I have stumbled upon a blog post that suggests the problem is in pulseaudio's realtime-scheduling setting, solution from there helped me fix the problem:

Turn off realtime scheduling - edit /etc/pulse/daemon.pa (I had /etc/pulse/daemon.conf):

; realtime-scheduling = yes
realtime-scheduling = no

Restart pulseaudio:

pulseaudio --kill
pulseaudio --start

Original solution from https://fitzcarraldoblog.wordpress.com/2017/04/20/stuttering-audio-in-linux-pulseaudio-strikes-again/


How to reconnect to wifi via Ubuntu's default method

If wireless is the only networking interface for your system, you could try nmcli to disable/enable your network, wifi should reconnect automatically in that case:

nmcli nm enable false && sleep 10 && nmcli nm enable true


How to remove Chrome OS Desktop Environment?

Removing installed components after incomplete installation of Chrome OS Desktop Environment can be done by using Synaptic Package Manager. Synaptic Package Manager can be installed from the Ubuntu Software Center.

After installing and opening the application in the search box, just type ChromiumOS and after it's listed in the field below where the full name of the package and it's version is specified, all you need is to right click on the name of the package.

Then, from the drop down menu, select the option "Mark for Complete Removal".

After that select "Apply" and that's it.


It is necessary make some extra configuration to install Ubuntu 18.04 on a ssd?

SSDs have come a long way since we all learned to worry about the number of writes we were doing to them.

I'd encourage you to read this page which talks about the fact that the number of writes to the SSD is no longer the main determining factor in the failure rate of SSDs, and that SSDs are now more reliable than spinning disk HDDs. The hardware of SSDs has come a long way:

  A joint study between Google and the University of Toronto covering drive failure rates on data servers. The study concluded that the physical age of the SSD, rather than the amount or frequency of data written, is the prime determiner in probability of data retention errors. It also determined that SSD drives were replaced at Google data centers far less often than conventional hard drives, at about a one to four ratio.

That said, there are a couple of things which can reduce writes to SSDs. TRIM is enabled by default in 18.04 which prevents excessive writes when overwriting empty blocks. You can set the noatime and nodiratime options on partitions to prevent writes when you just read files.


The problem is that you have very little RAM, and no swap available. So when you load up more than one application at a time, you run out of RAM.

We're going to have to make a swapfile or swap partition to solve the problem.

Step #1: (review the configuration)

lets review a screenshot of gparted, sudo blkid, cat /etc/fstab

Step #2: (quick fix)

open the terminal from the Unity dashboard
type gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

change this line:

UUID=4acee253-61f3-4f36-857e-9cb045346e7b  none  swap  sw   0   0

to this:

UUID=eed0dfa4-6e24-47fe-84bc-c598b144b116  none  swap  sw   0   0

save the file and quit gedit
type swapon -a
type swapon

Observe this:

NAME      TYPE      SIZE USED PRIO
/dev/sda5 partition 1.9G   0K   -1

type free -h

Observe this:

               total        used       free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1.8G        977M        157M        201M        746M        467M
Swap:          1.9G          0B        1.9G

quit the terminal application

Step #3: (don't do this now, it's only a brief flowchart for the future)

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
in gparted

swapoff on /dev/sda5
resize (shrink) the right side of /dev/sda6 by 2G
resize (extend) the left side of /dev/sda5 for 4G total
result is 4G swap (RAM x 2)

in terminal

swapoff
sudo mkswap /dev/sda5 # note new UUID
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab #edit new UUID into /etc/fstab
swapon -a
reboot


This question has an answer in

Broadcom Corp. BCM4313 Wirelss not detected in Ubuntu 12.10

Since you have a wired connection that makes things easier. Open a terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+T) and execute this command:

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

Reboot and then try setting up the wireless.

(You can also use the Software Center and search for "b43 firmware".)


How do I create an application launcher without coding?

Outside sources

What you need is  gnome-desktop-item-edit program. Basically it does the same thing - it creates a .desktop file. Why ? Because launchers are .desktop files, just pinned to launcher. Nothing more than that. Windows shortcuts are .lnk files too by they way, they just don't show up as files with .lnk extension, but if you ever mounted a Windows hard drive - you'll know.

The gnome-desktop-item-edit command is still available if you install gnome-panel or gnome-tweak-tool.

Once you have it, you can use this command in terminal:

gnome-desktop-item-edit --create-new ~/Desktop

Homebrew

I've actually written a small script  for that purpose before (because why not ? ). You can copy the code, save to file, and run whenever you want it. That simple !

#!/bin/bash

FORM=$(zenity --forms \ --title="Simple shortcut maker" --text="Create new .desktop file" \
        --add-entry="Program Name" \
        --add-entry="Command or path to file" \
        --add-entry="Terminal app(true/false)" \
        --add-entry="Icon (path)")

[ $? == 0 ] || exit 1

awk -F'|' -v home="$HOME" '{
    FILE = home"/Desktop/"$1".desktop"
        print "[Desktop Entry]" >> FILE
        print "Type=Application" >> FILE
        print "Name="$1 >> FILE
        print "Exec="$2 >> FILE
        print "Terminal="$3 >> FILE
        if ($4 !~ /^[ ]*$/)
            print "Icon="$4 >> FILE ;
    system("chmod 755 " FILE);

}' <<< "$FORM"

And that's how it looks:

You will have .desktop file in your Desktop folder, which you can later pin to launcher.

Note: the content about the gnome-desktop-item-edit is provided by fossfreedom's original answer, please upvote his good work !


How do I get Ubuntu install media for free?

Canonical used to offer free CDs but stopped after 10.10 due to it just being a huge cost for little to no gain.

Instead, you can burn your own disks or just buy a USB from the Canonical store. Alternatively, if there is a LoCo near you, you may be able to request free install media from them, but this is not guaranteed.

Even so, it is currently impossible to fit all of Ubuntu onto a CD. If you require optical media, you are going to have to use a DVD. Otherwise, it is recommended that you use a flash drive (which can be reformatted and reused when done).


Won't recognize external sound card after latest update

Hooray! I updated to 10.10, and the sound card works beautifully now.


New to Ubuntu + Ruby Development + selenium

In any development, an attention to detail (eg "Ubuntu") is usually pretty essential. Ubuntu is case sensitive almost everywhere in the system so it'll punish you for mistakes like that.

But other than that, things you hear are usually just anecdotes, or repetitions of anecdotes. Your experience with whatever system as a development environment will very much depend with things specific to you.

It is free, so I'd strongly suggest you just try it and see.

Technically, Ubuntu is superbly tooled out for development. Asides from everything being scriptable, just things like xvfb (for a headless graphics server) make the sort of stuff you're doing easier. It's also generally well supported by other developers so searching for <problem> ubuntu usually renders something useful.

That it's free is just gravy.


Common permissions with Microsoft file systems in Linux

When mounting Microsoft file systems (NTFS and FAT) you set the permissions of all files and directories.

Individual permissions with Linux file systems

But with linux file systems (you have an ext4 file system) you can set and should set the permissions of files and directories individually.

When you create files in a directory they will inherit the permissions from the directory. So I suggest that you modify a directory, where you have your program(s) and shellscripts,

sudo chmod ugo+x /path-to/directory-name

This time, you have already your program file, so modify its permissions

sudo chmod ugo+x /path-to/program-name

Edit 1: You may also want to change the ownership of some directories and files individually, which is also possible and recommended in linux file systems.

sudo chown user:group /path-to/directory-name

and

sudo chown user:group /path-to/file-name

where user and group should be replaced by the actual user-ID and group-ID, that you want to own the file (the group-ID can be skipped, or set to the same as the user-ID).

Edit 2:

A line with mount option exec in fstab for a USB drive with ext4

It works for me (in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS as well as in Artful to become 17.10) to run executable files in ext4 file systems, when automounted as well as when mounted via /etc/fstab without the mount option exec.

But it is not the case for you. So I tested to add a line into /etc/fstab, with mount option exec (in Artful to become 17.10), and it works for me. I hope this will solve your problem.

Create a mountpoint

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/usb-ext4

Identify the UUID of the partition in the USB drive to be mounted

sudo blkid

Use the string without quotes.
Edit /etc/fstab

sudo nano /etc/fstab

I added the following lines in my test

# external drive with ext4 partition
UUID=984666a5-594c-4edc-93a9-8923e6f52c80 /mnt/usb-ext4   ext4    defaults,exec,errors=remount-ro 0 2

Edit 3:

Another line with mount options user,noauto,exec in fstab

When you add the line in the previous paragraph into fstab, the system wants the USB drive to be inserted. If you want to boot without it, you can get along if you add the mount options user,noauto to the option list in that line of fstab.

UUID=984666a5-594c-4edc-93a9-8923e6f52c80 /mnt/usb-ext4   ext4    user,noauto,exec,errors=remount-ro 0 2

But you have to initiate mounting afterwards, for example with

mount -L <label>

or

mount <mountpoint>

in my example

mount -L test-exec

or

mount /mnt/usb-ext4

The same user can unmount it

umount /mnt/usb-ext4

Test output

After rebooting I ran the following commands.

mtab:

$ grep /mnt/usb-ext4 ext4 /etc/mtab
/dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb-ext4 ext4 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered 0 0

fstab:

$ cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=10880524-3839-4142-b7db-f65845d87825 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=E556-B809  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1
/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0
# external drive with ext4 partition
UUID=984666a5-594c-4edc-93a9-8923e6f52c80 /mnt/usb-ext4   ext4    defaults,exec,errors=remount-ro 0 2

I created a directory and changed ownership:

cd /mnt/usb-ext4
sudo mkdir bin
sudo chown $USER:$USER bin

Then I created a small shellscript and made it executable:

cd bin
echo 'echo Hello World'>hello
chmod ugo+x hello

Long list to check the permissions and ownership:

$ ls -l
totalt 4
-rwxrwxr-x 1 tester tester 17 okt  6 07:51 hello

and it can be run

$ ./hello
Hello World

General commands identifying the system

lsb_release:

tester@tester-SATELLITE-PRO-C850-19W:/mnt/usb-ext4/bin$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu Artful Aardvark (development branch)
Release:    17.10
Codename:   artful

uname:

tester@tester-SATELLITE-PRO-C850-19W:/mnt/usb-ext4/bin$ uname -a
Linux tester-SATELLITE-PRO-C850-19W 4.13.0-12-generic #13-Ubuntu SMP Sat Sep 23 03:40:16 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

blkid:

tester@tester-SATELLITE-PRO-C850-19W:/mnt/usb-ext4/bin$ sudo blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="E556-B809" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI System Partition" PARTUUID="b3276a58-ea15-4cea-8c74-095b13ea7aa6"
/dev/sda2: UUID="10880524-3839-4142-b7db-f65845d87825" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="d399063d-1c12-4a62-86d9-0112b15a3e40"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="test-exec" UUID="984666a5-594c-4edc-93a9-8923e6f52c80" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="4b07dce4-4bde-4fe9-9b2f-2442a62b0b87"

lsblk:

tester@tester-SATELLITE-PRO-C850-19W:~$ sudo lsblk -fm
[sudo] lösenord för tester:
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL     UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT     SIZE OWNER GROUP MODE
sda                                                                        55,9G root  disk  brw-rw----
├─sda1 vfat             E556-B809                            /boot/efi      480M root  disk  brw-rw----
└─sda2 ext4             10880524-3839-4142-b7db-f65845d87825 /             55,4G root  disk  brw-rw----
sdb                                                                        30,2G root  disk  brw-rw----
└─sdb1 ext4   test-exec 984666a5-594c-4edc-93a9-8923e6f52c80 /mnt/usb-ext4 30,2G root  disk  brw-rw----
sr0                                                                        1024M root  cdrom brw-rw----


What does `--frontend` do in `do-release-upgrade` and where can I find the list of possible values?

From https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UpdateManagerFaq

There are also different user interfaces for the release upgrader. Those can be changed via "--frontend" and the following are available "DistUpgradeViewText", "DistUpgradeViewGtk", "DistUpgradeViewKDE".

Unfortunately, the wiki links for these options show

This page does not exist yet.


Invalid output and loop is not breaking in this bash code

man bash says:

  Arrays  are  assigned  to  using  compound  assignments  of  the  form name=(value1  ...  valuen),  where  each   value   is   of   the   form [subscript]=string.

So to populate your array, you should rather do:

prt=(8080 22 53)

I would do the task as follows:

#!/bin/bash
prt=(8080 22 53)
for i in "${prt[@]}"; do
  if nc -vz 127.0.0.1 $i; then
    echo -e succeeded\\n$i
    break
  else
    echo refused
  fi
done


Cannot boot after hard reset. begin running scripts init-bottom

OK, looks like I'm going to answer my own question. The problem was pySDM, I had 3 different NTFS disks set to auto-mount on boot and apparently Ubuntu didn't like it. However I had previously tried a few other methods to auto-mount the same disks and it all ended the same way. I never had a problem in any previous version of Ubuntu. But either way I just left well enough alone and I don't mount the disks on boot anymore and the problem has gone away completely, as did my issue with shutting down as well.


Openstack installation fails to initialize Top-level container

I got passed this error with the pollinate command by modifying ~/.cloud-install/userdata.yaml  There is a line that constructs arguments for the pollinate command including the proxy server.  To this list I added '--insecure' so that when curl is called by the execution of the pollinate command it ignores the proxy server's self signed certificate.


If you are Running saucy(13.10)

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install mir-demos unity-system-compositor

Source:

Mir: Installing pre-built packages on a PC

PPA

Warning

  Please use with care - this PPA contains new and experimental releases
  of the Ubuntu 13.10 and 14.04 graphics stack. It currently contains a
  key feature, multimonitor meant for testing. Please see
  https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Mir/MultiMonitorTesting for more information
  on testing.

  Known major issues:
  - Input from another VT will be entered into a running XMir session - BE CAREFUL NOT TO SWITCH TO A VT AND ENTER YOUR PASSWORD WHILE HAVING
  AN APPLICATION CONNECTED TO THE INTERNET OPEN.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/xmir/+bug/1192843
https://bugs.launchpad.net/mir/+bug/1102757

  this PPA will not work on Radeon or Nouveau drivers
  https://bugs.launchpad.net/xmir/+bug/1217005
  https://bugs.launchpad.net/xmir/+bug/1217009
  all multimonitor bugs can be found here
  https://bugs.launchpad.net/xmir/+bugs?field.tag=multimonitor
  no proprietary driver support (dependent on 3rd parties)
  no bypass composition support at the system compositor level
  https://bugs.launchpad.net/mir/+bug/1109963
  no power management enabled
  https://bugs.launchpad.net/xmir/+bug/1193222
  no VESA support
  https://bugs.launchpad.net/mir/+bug/1118903

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mir-team/system-compositor-testing
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

After that, restart Ubuntu, or:

sudo restart lightdm

https://launchpad.net/~mir-team/+archive/system-compositor-testing

Compiling

Downloading the mir code from launchpad, and installing its dependencies

Downloading

bzr branch lp:mir

Dependencies

sudo apt-get install devscripts equivs cmake gcovr lcov pdebuild astyle

sudo apt-get build-dep mir

Compiling

 mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake ..

Current output of cmake ..

  -- doxygen 1.8.4 (>= 1.8.0) available - enabling make target doc

  -- pdebuild NOT found, pre-push is going to FAIL

  -- Env. variable MIR_ANDROID_NDK_DIR not set, pre-push is going to FAIL

  -- Env. variable MIR_ANDROID_SDK_DIR not set, pre-push is going to FAIL

  You have called ADD_LIBRARY for library 3rd_party without any source
  files. This typically indicates a problem with your CMakeLists.txt
  file

  -- Defining targets: check_discover_tests_in_mir_acceptance_tests and discover_tests_in_mir_acceptance_tests

  -- Defining targets: check_discover_tests_in_mir_integration_tests and discover_tests_in_mir_integration_tests

  -- Defining targets: check_discover_tests_in_mir_unit_tests and discover_tests_in_mir_unit_tests CMake Warning at
  tools/vera++/CMakeLists.txt:16 (message):   vera++ not available -
  disabling make target style_check

Building and testing

 make -j8
 ctest

Installing mir

make install

  For GL accelerated clients to use Mir they need to use a patched version of Mesa that supports Mir. The patch is hosted on GitHub:

git clone https://github.com/RAOF/mesa.git

Compile as per normal instructions and pass –with-egl-platforms="mir,drm" to the configure options. You will need libmirclient installed as shown above.
    Building X.Org

  To run an X server inside Mir you need to build a patched version of
  the X.Org X server. The patch is hosted on GitHub:

git clone https://github.com/RAOF/xserver.git

  To run an X server inside Mir you also need a patched version of your
  X.Org video driver.

  The three drivers - Intel, Radeon, and Nouveau - are available on
  Launchpad:

 bzr branch lp:~mir-team/mir/xf86-video-intel-vladmir
 bzr branch lp:~mir-team/mir/xf86-video-ati-vladmir
 bzr branch lp:~mir-team/mir/xf86-video-nouveau

Compile as per normal instructions. These need to be built after the X server, as they depend on new interfaces there.
Building Unity System Compositor

If you want to run a full system using XMir then you need to use a system compositor. For Ubuntu we have a system compositor project on Launchpad. Compile with the following:

 bzr branch lp:unity-system-compositor
 cd unity-system-compositor
 mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake ..

Source:

Mir: Building the source for a PC

Disclaimer: I just read the documentation, I did not test this out!


Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (>= 4:0.8.6ubuntu0.12.04.1) but it is not going to be installed

This package is either not available, or is not going to be installed for some other reason. You will have to run apt-get install libavcodec-extra-53 to see if there is an error specific to that package, for why it is not going to be installed. This may lead you to further errors. You will have to trace these errors through until you find and resolve whatever the conflict is, or resolve to not install the app, because it conflicts with something else you do need.


How do I password protect a pdf document?

You can do this with pdftk. It is a powerful command line tool to manage PDFs.

pdftk source.pdf output destination.pdf user_pw password


Autoinstall build of Ubuntu Server 20.04, does not autoinstall

I found with Grub that you need to escape the ; character.  Try
linux /casper/vmlinuz autoinstall ds=nocloud-net\;s=http://192.168.10.10:3003/ ---

or
linux /casper/vmlinuz autoinstall ds='nocloud-net;s=http://192.168.10.10:3003/' ---

To see if this is the problem, open a shell in the installer (either use Alt-F2 or the Help menu).  Run the command dmesg | grep 'Command line'.  You want the output to include ;s=http://192.168.10.10:3003/
There are many other possible reasons.  You can also use the shell to access the logs in /var/log/installer to check for any error messages.
Several users expressed problems with autoinstall and Packer on Ubuntu's Discourse.  Their posts might also be helpful to you.  These specific post seems to validate my suggestion

https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/please-test-autoinstalls-for-20-04/15250/15
https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/please-test-autoinstalls-for-20-04/15250/41


Touchpad stopped working in my Dell inspiron 3000 series and there is no enable disable option in touchpad setting

I tried the 2nd and 3rd answer of here Touchpad under 16.04 not working.
Then I did
i. sudo apt-get update
ii. sudo apt-get install

After that I went to sleep for 9 hours(kept laptop shutdown for 9 hours).
And it started working again.working


Installing Python 3.8 alongside the base system installation

'global' is a broad term.
The system-wide installation that comes pre-packaged with ubuntu is located in the /usr/bin/ directory.
If you want to install the latest python version, one of the best ways is to install it from the source (with sudo). This way, it will be installed 'globally' but at the /usr/local/bin directory.
Now, you will have two versions of the python interpreter - it's possible to have both of them as python3.8.
However, they remain distinct. One of them can be mapped as the default system-wide interpreter by using update-alternatives.


Does this mean the are three partitions being all encrypted with the same key?

No, this means partition is in use - aka mounted. It's not recommended to edit mounted/in-use filesystems, since data loss can occur. The third big partition is not mounted according to the column in the screenshot

  Why doesnt't df list the encrypted disk and how can I find out the available free space?

df  reports usage for only mounted filesystems.  Filesystems that are not mounted will report usage for /dev filesystem.  Here's example of mounted vs unmounted reports:

# unmount my second drive, reports usage for udev
$ udisksctl unmount -b /dev/sdb1
Unmounted /dev/sdb1.
$ df  /dev/sdb1
Filesystem     1K-blocks  Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev             4000948     0   4000948   0% /dev
# statvfs call can be done on mounted filesystem, hence we see usage report
$ udisksctl mount -b /dev/sdb1
Mounted /dev/sdb1 at /mnt/ubuntu.
$ df  /dev/sdb1
Filesystem     1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1      115247656 100662532   8707776  93% /mnt/ubuntu

The /dev/nvme0n1p3 does not seem to have proper mountpoint (directory) and instead reports ubuntu-vg. Try the following ( source )

$ sudo mount /dev/ubuntu-vg/root /mnt
$ df -h /dev/ubuntu-vg/root

Since you're using lvm you should use sudo lvs preferably to find out what logical volumes are actually called.

  This output seems weird, because the total available space is only 7,7G. This is not true as you can see above in the gparted output. The partition has roughly 475.75 GiB. Can you explain this?

It can occur when filesystem is not resized after partitioning, even with non-lvm cases. So if you have recently resized/repartitioned that device it could be the cause. Again, probably you don't wanna use df with lvm.


Ubuntu how can I send my audio output, to the mobile which is connected using bluetooth?

If you use Blueman instead of gnome bluetooth manager you can set uo your phone as sound output.

You can find Blueman in Software Center


If I type 'sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit' in the terminal in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, which version of CUDA is installed?

7.5.18-0ubuntu1

You can check it using apt-cache showpkg [PACKAGE_NAME] or dpkg -l [PACKAGE_NAME].


Does the server edition support at least 8 cores in SMP mode?

According to this launchpad answer from 2007, the limits are  32 cores for 32bit and 64 cores  for 64bit.


Notice: As of 2013, Ubuntu and derivatives no longer use xmodmap, but instead use xkb. For more information see this answer. The answer below is no longer relevant for current releases.

For remapping certain keys you need two tools. First xev (command-line tool) and second xmodmap (also command-line tool). Both should be available in Ubuntu without extra installing them.

Start terminal window and run xev. Now it's active and waits for you to press a key. Then press the key whose behaviour you want to change. i.e. PgUp.
xev will output some information about the pressed key. The third line is important. It should look similar to:

state 0x10, keycode 110 (keysym 0xff55, Prior), same_screen YES,

in this example Prior is the name of the behaviour the key is assigned to at the moment, the number keycode is the internal id to recognize the key.
Now do this with another key i.e. PgDown give this output

state 0x10, keycode 115 (keysym 0xff56, Next), same_screen YES,

Here again the interesting part for us is keycode 115 and Next - the name of the behaviour.
now when you want to swap the two keys use xmodmap.

 xmodmap -e "keycode 110 = Next"

This changes the key with keycode 110 on your keyboard to the action Next. It's pretty simple.

Note that if the key you are mapping should have a different meaning when used with the Shift key (for example for British keyboard layouts, Shift+2 gives quotation marks) then you can simply list the secondary command after the first. For example if you want the key with code 53 to map to backslash normally, but to the bar symbol when used with shift, you might do:

 xmodmap -e "keycode 53 = backslash bar"

Additional information: The sequence of these mappings is Key, Shift+Key, mode_switch+Key, mode_switch+Shift+Key, AltGr+Key, AltGr+Shift+Key. To skip a column use NoSymbol. Moreover, here is a comprehensive list of all keysyms.

Note: These change are for the active X session only and will be lost after reboot.
When you want to save the changes permanently you have to run the following commands after the ones above:

xmodmap -pke >~/.Xmodmap

(it creates a file named .Xmodmap in your home directory (~))

Then you have to create a file named .xinitrc in your home directory where you put command xmodmap .Xmodmap in.

You can now modify .Xmodmap and run xmodmap .Xmodmap from console to see the changes immediately. The changes in .Xmodmap will persist.

source: Ubuntu Foruns

Bonus stuff:

If the key you are remapping has different behavior depending on a state (
like how the keys in the numeric keyboard depend on NumLock) you simply have to do xmodmap -pm to get a list of modifiers and then do:

xmodmap -e "KEYCODE MODIFIER = behaviour behaviour_with_modifier"

Suppose, for example, that you want to get a period instead of a comma on the numeric keyboard (useful for most programmers), but you want to keep the "delete" behavior when NumLock is off.

xmodmap -e "keycode 91 mod2 = KP_Delete period"

mod2, because xmodmap -pm tells us that mod2 is Num_Lock, the other names are obtained by pressing the keys in xev.


Problem Installing Skype libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.21.5)

Can you try install with snap?
sudo apt install snapd
sudo snap install skype --classic


The problem was the shortcut did not include a path. You will have to manually create a .desktop file.

Right click on the desktop, New Document -> Empty Document.
Open the "Untitled Document" with your preferred text editor and enter the following, modified to your specific situation.

[Desktop Entry]
Version=6.0
Name=HERO Designer
Comment=HERO Designer Build 20170109
Exec=bash -c "cd /path/to/your/HERODesigner/folder && java -jar HD6.jar"
Icon=/path/to/your/HERODesigner/folder/hdlogo.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Games;Application;
Path=/path/to/HERODesigner/folder

Save the file.
Rename the file "HERO Designer.desktop".
Right click on the "HERO Designer.desktop", click on the Permissions tab, and put a check in the "Allow executing file as program", close the window

You should now have a HERO Designer desktop icon. Double click and it should start up the program.


Will Arkose be installed by default in 11.10?

Arkose is in the repository since Ubuntu 11.04 and the all latest release is currently in the Ubuntu 11.10 repository.

Unfortunately Arkose won't be installed by default in Ubuntu, so you'll need to install it from the Software Center.

It's part of the default Edubuntu install though so if you're looking for an Ubuntu flavour shipping with it by default, there it's :)

I also usually backport any new version of Arkose to Ubuntu 10.10 and 11.04 in the Arkose stable PPA: https://launchpad.net/~arkose-devel/+archive/stable

I'm also trying to push the use of Arkose and similar technology for apps available in the Software Center post-release, like these going through the Application Review Board and through the commercial process. This isn't the case yet though but might be in the near future. In such a case, Arkose would become a dependency of any package requiring it and would be pulled on your system when installing one of these apps.


How to check Ubuntu Software center BIOS update logs?

The only way I found to view BIOS logs was in the BIOS itself. Enter the BIOS (hit F2 on Dell startup screen), then System Logs, then BIOS events section. On my Dell laptop, this update shows up as "Firmware update is successful" within the BIOS events. I'm assuming any errors would appear in this events list.

For what it is worth, my installed Dell 1.5.0 BIOS update is also dated 12/25/2019. Hope that helps.


How to properly provide license when packaging?

Set your licenses in debian/copyright (in your build source). This should be automatically transposed into /usr/share/doc/PACKAGE/copyright during the packaging process.


CUDA not working after returning laptop from sleep

http://forums.fast.ai/t/cuda-lib-not-working-after-suspend-on-ubuntu-16-04/3546/4

You can reload the nvidia kernel module and it will work fine:

sudo rmmod nvidia_uvm
sudo modprobe nvidia_uvm

Notice though that this won't work unless all applications using that module are closed.


USB Startup Disk Creator Block Size Problem

So I finally found the answer after searching for a year!

When you get this warning message after using USB Startup Disk Creator

"The driver descriptor says the physical block size is 2048 bytes, but Linux says that it is 512 bytes."
Means that the dd command in behind the nice GUI forgot to specify the bs=2048 option.

First identify which drive letter the USB stick has received from the kernel

sudo parted --list

For example this USB drive is on Device Serial Disk h: (/dev/sdh)

  Model: KINGSTON DataTraveler G3 (scsi)
  Schijf /dev/sdh: 4001MB

Use the information to wipe all the partition tables and data from the drive

⚠ WARNING THIS NEXT STEP WILL DESTROY ALL DATA ON THE DRIVE ⚠

sudo wipefs --all /dev/sdX

Make sure that you have chosen the correct USB stick for the value of X so you don't accidentally wipe your harddrive/SSD

Background

It's not that the unused space is wasted. The USB disk has been corrupted by USB Startup Disk Creator.
For some reason USB Startup Disk Creator has become CD-ROM creator. It writes your USB-Stick to iso9660 format which is only intended for CD-ROM's.
Since new computers don't come with CD-ROM players or writers anymore this is a regression bug and has been reported here:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/usb-creator/+bug/1708881


Rygel won't share .mpg files to my Hisense TV

I think it's unlikely that anyone will answer, so I will post my eventual solution, such that it is, in case it helps someone else in the future. Firstly, something I learned that wasn't relevant in the end but handy to know. The rygel.conf file relevant to media sharing when using the settings app in the GUI is in ~/.config. As far as I can see the other rygel.conf doesn't matter unless you enable media sharing from the command line.
My sharing issue was the result of Rygel blacklisting all the .mpg files. The database ~/.cache/rygel/media-export.db shows the blacklist clearly.
I found several places online where the "boss" of the Rygel project,  mail@jensge.org, suggested using a gnome script he had written, mx-info, to unblacklist files. Unfortunately I am nowhere near as clever as mail@jensge.org so I couldn't make it work. If you are clever I suggest investigating this further. If you are "challenged" like me you may have to follow my eventual, half arsed solution described below.
In the end I simply used ffmpeg to convert all the .mpg files to .avi files then deleted the original .mpg to conserve disk space.I used the Winff GUI front end because it was easy to process large numbers of files in batches. I had to leave the conversion running in the background for about four days but now I can watch videos from my Ubuntu server on my TV. I had already shared my Videos folder accross the network using Samba (after enabling SMB2) so all the Windows & Chrome OS machines on our home network could already play all the movies in the mpeg2 format, successfully sharing to the smart TV was the final piece of the puzzle.


Can I erase all partitions including EFI and install only Ubuntu?

The question uses some terminology incorrectly, which can lead to confusion and problems down the road, so I want to address these issues first.

The Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI), or its 2.x version, the Unified EFI (UEFI), is a type of firmware. The EFI is not a partition. That said, there is a partition called the EFI System Partition (ESP), which holds boot loaders. Chances are that lapisdecor meant "ESP" rather than "EFI" in the original question.

Also, the EFI is a type of firmware that replaces the older Basic Input/Output System (BIOS). As such, if your computer uses an EFI, it does not have a BIOS. There are, however, some caveats and exceptions. Most commonly, EFIs provide a feature called the Compatibility Support Module (CSM), which is a sort of BIOS emulator; the CSM is to EFI like what dosemu is to Linux, in that it enables a newer and more sophisticated environment (EFI or Linux) to run programs designed for an older and simpler system (BIOS or DOS). In other words, "BIOS" in the original question should be "EFI." That said, using "BIOS" in place of "EFI" is a common practice. It's a bad one, but it's common, both among users and among manufacturers. I suspect it's done because people know (more or less) what a BIOS is, whereas "EFI" is an unfamiliar acronym; and since EFI replaces BIOS, using "BIOS" makes the job easier for copywriters. The trouble is that people then drag all their BIOS knowledge up when they read "BIOS," but much of it is inapplicable. EFI boots in a very different way from BIOS, so if you think of EFI as being an enhanced BIOS, you'll have a mental model that's very wrong and you'll make mistakes. Then people like me end up spending a lot of time explaining how it all actually works -- but I digress....

Moving on to real issues: If you're "in legacy mode," that just means that your CSM is active. This does not guarantee a boot in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode, though. On most EFI-based computers, when the CSM is disabled, the boot path is relatively simple; you can boot only EFI-mode boot loaders. Note that you can't "disable the EFI"; the EFI is the firmware, and it's in charge of the computer. Some computers do enable you to disable the ability to boot in EFI mode, but such options are rare -- and some computers provide interfaces that make it sound as if you're disabling EFI-mode booting, but you really aren't. When you activate the CSM, most computers enable either type of boot loader to run, which makes it impossible to predict what will happen when you feed the computer a disk that provides both types of boot loader. This isn't normally a big deal for a single-boot computer; when you install the OS, the installer will detect its boot mode and install the boot loader only for the installer's boot mode, so the computer can boot from the hard disk only in that same mode. If you multi-boot, though, you can easily install one OS in one boot mode and the other OS in the other boot mode. The hair-pulling begins at this point.

In the not-too-distant past, EFI-mode booting was an exercise in frustration because of bugs in EFIs, bugs in boot loaders, and misinformation, which often made enabling the CSM appealing. Today, though, EFI-mode booting poses fewer problems, and my estimate from questions posted here and elsewhere is that the biggest single problem area today is from activated CSMs. Thus, I recommend that the CSM (aka "legacy boot") be disabled on EFI-based computers unless you have a good reason to enable it. To be sure, EFI-mode booting today poses more challenges than BIOS-mode booting did five years ago; but on an EFI-based computer, BIOS-mode booting creates pitfalls that didn't exist five years ago.

So, that long-winded stuff out of the way, let's get back to your original question, re-phrased slightly:

  Can I erase all partitions on my computer, including ESP, and install only Ubuntu? Will the EFI work in this case?

Yes and yes.

After you erase your partitions, the Ubuntu installer will create new ones if you select an automatic partitioning option. If you partition manually, you'll need to create appropriate partitions. These may include an ESP if you install in EFI mode or a BIOS Boot Partition if you install to a GPT disk in BIOS mode.

One important caveat is that it's best to use GPT when installing in EFI mode and MBR when installing in BIOS mode. Ubuntu permits using GPT in BIOS mode, but this can create problems on some systems, so I recommend avoiding it if possible. Some people have managed to install to MBR disks in EFI mode, too, but the installer tries to avoid this if possible; and when it's done, it often creates problems.

In Ubuntu, you can determine your boot mode by looking for a directory called /sys/firmware/efi. If it's present, you've booted in EFI mode; if it's absent, you've booted in BIOS mode.

In sum, you should be aware of your boot mode (BIOS/CSM/legacy or EFI/UEFI) and your partition table type (MBR or GPT), and ideally you should match the two appropriately (BIOS/MBR or EFI/GPT).


Upgrade 20.04 to 20.10 fails UnicodeDecodeError

According to a bug report in ubuntu 14.04, I figure that it's a package issue.
"After do-release-update exited with a similar to the above message, there is a temporary ubuntu-release-upgrader-{random} left over in /tmp.

Enter that directory i.e. cd /tmp/ubuntu-release-upgrader-asd123
edit DistUpgradeCache.py
Head down to def installedTasks(self)
after the line that reads: for pkg in self:
add print(pkg)"

after finding the troublesome package,
which is the last package before the error (for me it was intel-openvino-runtime-ubuntu18-2019.3.376)
apt-get remove the package


You cannot. gcc-4.9-base is a dependency of libstdc++6 (the shared library files for the C++ standard library), and both are part of ubuntu-minimal. gcc-X.Y-base packages do not contain compiler frontends, so if you don't want a gcc binary in your embedded system, just remove the corresponding gcc-X.Y package (gcc-4.9, for example).


"sudo mv /fromdir /todir" - not recognizing the fromdir location

In your mv command you are using a relative path for opt/shiny-server/ so this will only work if you current directory has opt as a subdirectory. To ensure that this isn't the issue use a full path /opt/shiny-server/.

To change permission of /opt/shiny-server/test/ use sudo chmod 777 /opt/shiny-server/test This opens up the permissions for everyone.

A better solution is to change the permission to give You more access sudo chown <username>:<username> /opt/shiny-server/test/

To work with files with strange characters in the name, wrap the filename in quotes, and escape single and double quote within the name "this<>isn\'t aNICE file.name"


Inability to install on Acer 4530 with Vista

Wubi doesn't "require reboot through USB port". But why are you trying to use Wubi? If you want to format and do a clean install, Wubi is not the right method.

You're do best to figure out why you DVD won't boot? Have you tried it on another machine? It's probably just a bad burn. Make sure you verify the md5sum of the ISO prior to burning and burn at the slowest speed.


HP Device Manager still in menu after HPLIP uninstall

Works for me:

cd /usr/share/hplip
sudo python uninstall.py


Is there any advanced MOVE command with GUI-kinda interface

rsync: Rsync moves files with --remove-source-files and has a -P switch for a progress bar. So if you have rsync installed, you could use a simple alias in your shells dotfile:

alias mv='rsync -aP --remove-source-files'

... although rsync might be a bit slower.

Adapted from here


Ubuntu 12.02 32 bit printer program executable file cannot run properly in ubuntu 14.04 64 bit

There are at least two plausible major reasons for it not working:

Software created for an older version of an OS, and you're trying
to run it under a newer version, where the new OS has had numerous changes applied.
On top of that the software intended for the 32bit version of the
OS, and are trying to run it under the 64bit version of the OS.

I'd say this is a situation where the software MIGHT run (given the right conditions), but that cannot be guaranteed.

Adding the first level of dependencies might not be enough, there might be a number of subsequent (levels of) dependencies.


Most linux distributions, Ubuntu included, distribute packages as binaries. Unless you have a very specific need, IMO, building from source is over rated.

IMO, if you wish to compile from source, you are better off using LFSor Gentoo.

You can, of course, achieve the same thing with Ubuntu by building from source. You should avoid installing packages outside of apt as much as possible.

here is a nice overview of why (fedora wiki).

So what you would do on ubuntu is download the source code from the ubuntu repositories, make any modifications needed, build a package, and install it with apt (dpkg). Doing so is poorly supported, and as with LFS and Gentoo you will need to do a bit of reading.

The documentation is a bit scattered.

Enable the source repositories

You need to enable the source repositories to download the source code.

See Ubuntu wiki repositories for details.

apt-build

apt-build will build from source and is probably the best way of achieving what you want on Ubuntu or Debian (or Mint ...)

sudo apt-get install apt-build auto-apt

Configure your options

dpkg-reconfigure apt-build

You probably want to use -jx where x = number of CPU +1

To prevent your compiled packages / libs from being over written, put these options in /etc/apt/preferences

Package: *
Pin: release o=apt-build
Pin-Priority: 990

Build

apt-build install <package>

see man apt-build

apt-get

apt-get will download the source and install dependencies (binaries)

# build-deb installs the dependencies (binary)
sudo apt-get build-dep <package>

apt-get source <package>

You can then build and package with any number of tools.

See:

Ubuntu Wiki Easy Compiling

The page on compiling a kernel has more details and alternate options (fakeroot,

Ubuntu wiki compile kernel

That should get you started ;)


How does Ubuntu One know my new password when I change it through the web form?

Ubuntu One is using something called OAuth.  It will have requested your authorization on the Ubuntu site the first time you set it up, but it did this in order to get tokens.  When Ubuntu One communicates with the servers, it uses these tokens to authenticate and authorize.  Whenever the app tries to perform an operation, it will use that token, and the Ubuntu One servers will know that the token represents you.  In other words, Ubuntu One is storing your 'consent', rather than your credentials.

This is a common method used in several applications, and it means a few things

The app doesn't store your username and password, so you don't have to worry about security leaks
You can revoke the token to stop the app from continuing to work.  You can check your tokens by following these instructions. You can also revoke your tokens on the Ubuntu site here.


What is the difference between having separated Ubuntu or having Ubuntu on windows 10?

So there are two versions of the WSL (Windows Subsytem for Linux):

The first version, released a while ago, is basically like the inverse of WINE, i.e. it translates Linux system calls into Windows system calls.
The second version, just announced recently, does away with the translation layer and instead ships an actual Linux kernel that runs alongside the Windows kernel. This does two things: a) increases speed since system calls no longer need to be translated and b) increases compatibility, again because the system calls no longer need to be interpreted.

What Microsoft is trying to do is convince developers to develop on Windows instead of Linux since they can be right at home with all their favorite Linux development tools.

Whether you still need to dual boot or not is dependent on your use case. If you don't want Windows Update announcing that it will be rebooting you in 15 minutes to install updates, then you probably want to stay with your dual boot :)


Restoring the default settings for Whisker Menu in Ubuntu Studio 16.04

Take a look on your user's home directory for config files.

Ex: "/home/yourusername/.config/menus/xfce-applications.menu"

I just had some problem too and fix it by copying the default file and then modify in a text editor the xml file.

Make a backup of your current xfce-applications.menu file, then from a terminal:

(replace yourusername)

cp /etc/xdg/xdg-ubuntustudio/menus/xfce-applications.menu /home/yourusername/.config/menus/


How to properly import media on Banshee?

You need to mount the Windows drive before starting Banshee and all your media will show, you can do this by opening the drive in the your files application first or use Disks to set it to auto mount at boot.

Open Disks from the Dash (top left) and choose your drive on the left. Now click the little three cogs icon under the partition information , and choose Edit Mount Options.

Turn off Automatic Mount options and check Mount at Startup

Now when you boot the drive will be mounted automatically and all your content will show in Banshee.


Error: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg exited unexpectedly on apt-get install with no error

I ran into the same problem on AWS on a t3.nano machine. The problem is that t3.nano only have 512MB of RAM. I believe it is not enough to perform the upgrade. I upgraded my instance to m5.large and was able to run the upgrade successfully.


Multitouch Gestures - Maverick -> Natty upgrade

As you said in your comment, you use a Synaptics touchpad. I also had a similar experience; I bought a new shiny laptop with a Synaptics multitouch touchpad and was excited on using gestures in Ubuntu. The problem is that the Synaptics touchpad driver in Ubuntu doesn't support any advanced gestures other than two finger scrolling.

Work is going on to improve MT (multitouch) support for Synaptics touchpads, and we may get better support in 11.10 (not confirmed, but I hope so). Even if full support is implemented, one thing to note is that the Synaptics touchpads don't support finger presses above 3 fingers, and it also doesn't support rotating gestures (though zoom, drag, 3-finger press/drag, etc are supported). That's a hardware limitation, and nothing much can be done about that.


How to automate commands I use very often on VPS?

The closest thing which comes to my mind is to create shell scripts but maybe there is a better option.
Is there some application where I can define those commands and then choose from them and execute?

I would create shells scripts yes. But you could also create a local hosted website where you create a page with checkboxes and have them execute on the server.
Regarding shell scripts:
You can create pretty elaborate shell scripts.  Have a look at How can I create a select menu in a shell script? for a "menu" style method using "dialog". "tasksel" is a script that is pretty fancy for command line and looks like this:

You could create something like that and make each of these a task you select and then have execute. Or string your commands together if they depend on eachother (I imagine you'd need to start all the python manage.py all the time and not as separate commands).


Graphic driver segfault on Lenovo G780 for Nvidia GeForce GT 635M

Oke make you ready to download some stuff.
first remove that ppa and what you have installed

sudo apt-get remove nvidia-current
sudo apt-add-repository --remove ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates

And run these command in the following order:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
sudo apt-get install linux-source
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install nvidia-313
sudo reboot

I have used this commands succesfully on a GTX670 and a 315M.


Add a grub menu entry that boots into my current install but with a different runlevel

The problem with adding an entry using 40_custom is that the entry is static - the contents are copied as-is to grub.cfg, so a new kernel requires re-editing that file. With very slight tinkering of the 10-linux, you can get update-grub to generate an additional entry for each of the installed kernels. Edit /etc/grub.d/10_linux, and after the lines where it says:

linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" advanced \
            "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT}"
if [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY}" != "xtrue" ]; then
  linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" recovery \
              "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_RECOVERY} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}"
fi

Add another call to linux_entry:

linux_entry "${OS}, runlevel 3" "${version}" advanced \
          "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT} 3"

(Selecting a runlevel is as simple as tacking on the number at the end of the options, IIRC.)

Effect:

Menu entry in the "Advanced options" sub menu:

The contents of that entry:

Of course, normally runlevels 2-5 are equivalent, so booting from it made no difference to me, except:

$ runlevel
N 3


How to install last stable version of Gambas?

Open a Terminal window and type: sudo apt-get install gambas3.

Gambas is available in Ubuntu's official repositories. In Ubuntu 14 you can also install it using Ubuntu Software Center or Synaptic.

Be aware that Ubuntu 16.04 no longer uses Ubuntu Software Center, it uses Gnome Software instead. And you can't find Gambas in Gnome Software.


Cannot login to server after file permissions change!

You are screwed. If you have physical access, the best thing you can do as a newbie user is complete re-installation. Even if you would find a way to log in, you will not be able to restore rights right.  Rights are not uniform, and there are lots of files. Never mess with rights at large. I suppose you have no backups, do you?
To get access:

Plug in some bootable USB stick, (not sure if Ubuntu live has ssh
enabled, but many rescue liveCDs surely do).
Then reboot the machine with this stick, and you will be able to ssh into that system.
From it, mount ubuntu disk to, say, /mnt/ubuntu, and do command chroot /mnt/ubuntu /bin/bash Voila, you are in your screwed Ubuntu as root.

Again, I suggest you use this access only to backup data and prepare headless installation. If you are not listening to advises, you can create root in your server: passwd root. Should be working, mostly.


I found the problem. There was no mention anywhere of having to use a special image called amd64+mac anywhere. Everything worked after I used one of these images.


An upgrade from 14.04 to 16.04 was not completely successful, leaving me with an old version of cron. The fix was:

sudo apt-get install --fix-missing
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install cron


The server reports MIME type text/plain in the HTTP Content-Type header field and Firefox diligently interprets and displays the file content as such. The server behaviour is a known bug in Launchpad itself.

You can circumvent the issue

with the entries "Save as…" or "Copy link address"¹ in the context menu of the download link,
by dragging the link text to a writeable directory in a file manager, that supports HTTP resources, like Nautilus.

A side note concerning the reported behaviour of Chrome/Chromium: web browsers shouldn't care about file extensions to determine file types according to RFC 1341. They should only care about the MIME string sent in the HTTP response header. If a browser disregards that string in favour of file extensions or content type sniffing, they may be doing something useful for the user in most situations, but they're violating RFC 1341 in the process.

¹ Plus an HTTP client, that doesn't try to display file content, like wget, curl, or DownThemAll!.


Issues with multiple ethernet interfaces

I checked my routing tables using

route -n

The routes suggested that the packets coming from eth1(interface having the  public ip) were being sent to eth0(interface having the private ip) and were hence being dropped.

After that it was just about setting up the right routes.


Alps Touchpad driver loaded, but still touchpad not working?

I had exact same problem on my Inspiron N5110 running Ubuntu 12.04 but was able to fix it using patch and instructions provided in these two links.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/606238/comments/144

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/606238/comments/147

Touchpad is now recognised as a AlpsPS/2 ALPS DualPoint TouchPad and Touchpad tab is enabled in System Settings. Unfortunately, scrolling is still not an option... :-(

At least touchpad is disabled while typing, which was the biggest problem for me resulting in cryptic writings! :-)

[EDIT]: Also Fn+F3 is working now (aka, touchpad toggle).


Wireless and bluetooth drivers for 14.04 lts

just connect the Ethernet cable (Broadband). open Additional Drivers option (you can search it on Ubuntu search) on Ubuntu 14.04 and once you click on Additional Drivers it will start searching the missing drivers and show you the drivers what you want once you activate that restart the system. thank you i hope this will help you


Ubuntu 14.04 won't load after update. Mounting /dev or /sys or /proc on /root/dev failed. No such file or directory

Since the fsck command failed at the initramfs prompt, we'll need to check the entire file system.

To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

If for some reason you can't do the above...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted and determine which /dev/sdaX is your Ubuntu EXT4 partition
quit gparted
open a terminal window
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdaX # replacing X with the number you found earlier (probably /dev/sda5 in your case)
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


To download Ubuntu 14.04 32-bit Desktop Version : Click here  ( from  http://mirror.pnl.gov/releases/trusty/)

To download Ubuntu 14.04 32-bit Desktop Version using torrent : Click here (http://www.ubuntu.com/download/alternative-downloads)


Nothing is being saved after I logout each time

When creating a bootable USB in unetbootin, you have the option of specifying some space for persistence.

Specifying a value here will allow Ubuntu to save settings, data, applications, other personalizations so that the next time you use the USB to boot, you will have data from your previous session still available.


Presence of files in Recent Files that I did not open

Based on the comments above (2 at the time of this writing), unless someone comes back with a more definitive answer of what could be causing this issue, I'd be tempted to say either:

1) A rogue process is opening files - in which case an exorcism might be useful

2) User error - in your case opening files without thinking about it and then closing them (possible memory loss caused by being distracted by something else at the time).

3) OS bug - Recent documents are getting populated somehow, and I'm uncertain how this could be happening, especially in a LTS environment.

As the only one of these options includes a possible fix, monitor the issue and keep in touch!  If anyone has a better answer than this, aside from copying all personal files off this machine and doing a full system reinstall in a blind attempt to (calling in the exorcist) deal with possible issue #1 --- you could do that, but I don't see it as being an effective fix, personally --- please post an answer below.


Prevent apt-get remove from uninstalling related packages

Okular depended on some or all of the packages your removed. That's why it was removed too. When you install a program, its dependencies must be installed at the same time, if you remove a dependency, the parent program is removed too.

Programs often use some of the same files as each other. Rather than putting these files into each package, a separate package can be installed to provide them for all of the programs that need them. So, to install a program which needs one of these files, the package containing those files must also be installed. When a package depends on another in this way, it is known as a package dependency. By specifying dependencies, packages can be made smaller and simpler, and duplicates of files and programs are mostly removed.
When you install a program, its dependencies must be installed at the same time. Usually, most of the required dependencies will already be installed, but a few extras may be needed, too. So, when you install a package, don't be surprised if several other packages are installed too - these are just dependencies which are needed for your chosen package to function properly.

Source: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingSoftware


How do I enable accessibility alt-key shortcuts in GNOME window menus?

I find that is easy to remap the GNOME shortcut to achieve the same thing, but mapping 3 keys is unsupported of you use the space key, it appears, so there are two options that I know:

The first is remapping the close window command; currently in “Ctrl + Q” or “Alt + F4” to “ Alt + C”. You can do this by going to Settings -> Devices -> Keyboard and then scrolling to the Close window command, then remapping the command, then again, you can only type two keys. Do the same to maximize window, to “Alt + X”


Restricting access to SSH with a dynamic IP address

Well, I've done plenty of digging and found nothing. So, I've set up my home computer with a dynamic dns service and have created the following bash script, hopefully it will be useful to somebody else.

Instructions:

This script is not specific to SSH and is a way of allowing a dynamnic host permanent access to a target port using ufw - irrelevant of what service is listening on that port. So, using port 22 would (by default) allow permanent access from the dynamic host to SSH. Likewise, you could use this script to ensure permanent access from your dynamic host to something like FTP (port 21).
All that is required is modifying the RemoteHostName and PortNumber variables at the top of the file. Obviously the RemoteHostName is the hostname provided by the dynamic DNS provider and the PortNumber is the port that we are allowing access to.
If the IP that is resolved from the RemoteHostName already exists within the ufw with access to the target port, then the script exits, as there is nothing to change.
If it doesn't exist, then all entries with the target port number within the ufw are deleted, and a new entry is then added using the updated IP address and target port. In short, do not try to use ufw for other rules involving the port in the script, as the script will walk all over them.
If this script is called by a cron job or something, then it should in theory always keep the IP address updated within ufw.
The script outputs the following:

1) Standard output: Could not resolve the IP address of the RemoveHostName XYZ
2) Standard output: No change necessary as the IP address XYZ already has access to port XYZ.
3) Standard output: Deleting old ufw rule: XYZ
4) Standard output: Adding new ufw rule: XYZ
5) Error output: Could not resolve the IP address of the RemoveHostName XYZ

Please note though, I am not very familiar with bash scripting and just as unfamiliar with regular expressions. So if you use this script, do yourself a favour (and me!) and have a look over it. If you notice any bugs, please leave a comment and or a new answer.

Script:

#!/bin/bash

##############################################################
#Variables
##############################################################
RemoteHostName=someremotehost.dyndnsorsomething.com
PortNumber="22"

##############################################################
#Check if the dynamic IP address exists within ufw.
##############################################################
DynamicIPAddress=$(host $RemoteHostName | awk '/has address/ { print $4 }')
if [[ $DynamicIPAddress = "" ]]
then
    echo $(date -u -Iseconds): Could not resolve the IP address of the RemoveHostName $RemoteHostName >&2
    exit
fi

UFWRules=$(ufw status numbered)
REGEX=" $PortNumber (.*)ALLOW IN(.*)$DynamicIPAddress$"
while read -r line; do
    if [[ $line =~ $REGEX ]]
    then
        echo $(date -u -Iseconds): No change necessary as the IP address $DynamicIPAddress already has access to port $PortNumber.
        exit
    fi
done <<< "$UFWRules"

##############################################################
#Remove all entries with the given port number.
##############################################################
while true
do

    UFWRules=$(ufw status numbered)
    REGEX="(.*) $PortNumber (.*)ALLOW IN(.*)"
    Matched="No"
    while read -r line; do
        if [[ $line =~ $REGEX ]]
        then
            echo $(date -u -Iseconds): Deleting old ufw rule: $line
            RuleNumber=$(echo $line | (cut -d "[" -f2 | cut -d "]" -f1))
            ufw --force delete $RuleNumber
            Matched="Yes"
            break
        fi
    done <<< "$UFWRules"

    if [ $Matched = "No" ]
    then
        break
    fi

done

##############################################################
#Add in access from the dynamic IP address.
##############################################################
echo $(date -u -Iseconds): Adding new ufw rule: "ufw allow from $DynamicIPAddress to any port $PortNumber".
ufw allow from $DynamicIPAddress to any port $PortNumber


Do held kernel packages upgrade when HW specific/used updates are present in the changes list?

If you need to stick to a specific kernel package version, you'll need to hold all of these:

linux-generic
linux-image-generic
linux-headers-generic
linux-image-X.Y.Z-W-generic
linux-image-extra-X.Y.Z-W-generic
linux-headers-X.Y.Z-W-generic

for suitable X, Y, Z and W. Here, the actual versions of the packages would be like X.Y.Z-W.V (4.4.0-21.37, for example). Here, X.Y.Z is the upstream base kernel version, W is the ABI number, and V is the build number (see the Ubuntu Wiki).

If meta-packages aren't held and real ones are:

if W gets bumped, the actual package names will change to the new version. The meta-packages will be upgraded, installing the new kernel, since this operation doesn't involve the existing linux-{image,image-extra,headers}-X.Y.Z-W-generic packages.
if V gets bumped and W doesn't, the package names remain the same, so the existing linux-{image,image-extra,headers}-X.Y.Z-W-generic prevent the upgrade due to being held. Consequently, the meta-packages aren't upgraded either.

If meta-packages are held and real ones aren't:

if W gets bumped, no new kernel will be installed, since the metapackages' change in dependencies don't take effect due to being held.
if V gets bumped and W doesn't, new kernel packages will be installed, but they will be retain ABI compatibility to the old package.

You are holding the real packages and not the metapackages. In the last image, you can clearly see that W has increased from 21 to 22, and so the package names have changed, and the old holds no longer matter.


Is this normal? Ubuntu 14.04 Gnome 3.9.90?

The package gnome-session being 3.9.90 is still GNOME 3.10. It is simply a release or two before the final 3.10 upstream release, which almost certainly had no changes from the 3.9.90 release. GNOME is comprised of many upstream source packages, and their versions may not always be exactly the same, even for a particular release of GNOME itself, in the same way that every package in Ubuntu 14.04 is not versioned as 14.04.

So yes, it is normal, and yes, Ubuntu 14.04 does include GNOME 3.10.


Which method of app installation method did you try?

I'm guessing that you tried the terminal way with the 'sudo apt-get install'.

Try the 'software center' , the 'synaptic package manager' or 'directly download the .deb file from manufactures website.

Sometimes persistence installs show up various problems. I got some errors when I used Lili usb live. Try various programs to create usb live. I use universal usb installer and boot into the usb.

Hope that helps. :) happy ubuntuing {U}


setup sendmail smtp to add use it as gmail alias

See if this helps, here I was using postfix though. Setup Mail Transport Agent Using Ubuntu and Gmail | Do It Yourself in Ubuntu Blog


How do I find out the model of my graphics card?

Open up "Terminal", and type: lspci | grep VGA

There, you'll find your GPU card's model.


How to play music when earphones are plugged in and pause it as soon as they are removed?

Clementine supports standard Global Hotkeys, such as Multimedia Keys, as well as custom setups.  Your best bet would be to modify this post on how to mute audio when your headset becomes disconnected to send the Multimedia Pause key.

Basically, a file (/proc/asound/card0/codec#0) will change depending upon whether or not headphones are connected.  You would monitor this file (inotify) and depending on the file's content, send the Multimedia Pause.


How can I add an internet radio station to Banshee?

Right-click the Radio entry in
the sidebar.

Select Add Station.

A new window will open, where you
input the information of the station
you wish to add.


I have found a sort of workaround by editing the 'Name' string in the *.desktop files found in ~/.local/share/applications as the icons are sorted on these names. For gouping I gave all my games the prefix "Game:" Unfortunately the .desktop file for an app can be overwritten when upgrading the app so it's not a one-time-job but you may have to keep redoing it.


Wikipedia points out that the configuration is possible not only over Winbox. SSH and telnetare also supported. Maybe that's worth trying?

Furthermore it looks like Winbox is very well supported by wine. You could install wine and then your Winbox

sudo apt-get install wine


Tomcat "starts" but doesn't appear to be working

I removed JRE and JDK and installed default-jre and default-jdk.

Working now.


Duel Entries for desktop entries in Ubuntu 21.04

Maybe for this reason Each user now has their own Home directory.

reference


How can I play Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2

You can play it through wine

http://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=18348

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1325021


Bumblebee with LD_LIBRARY_PATH and ModulePath empty

It looks like that the Driver entry at the bumblebee config file should be nvidia and not nvidia-361, although the bumblebeed says that the configuration test has passed as seen before:

[  782.333969] [DEBUG]Configuration test passed.


to see all ./configure options available run:

configure --help

to build an MySQL extension first install libmysqlclient-dev package and then add these options to ./configure invocation:

--with-mysql=/usr --with-pdo-mysql=/usr

That should be it.

For shared .so extension do:

--with-mysql=shared,/usr --with-pdo-mysql=shared,/usr

For mysqlnd (however I don't remember if 5.3 already had it)

--with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd

or

--with-mysql --with-pdo-mysql --enable-mysqlnd


How to use scp -i without prompting the key

There a two ways to avoid the password prompts:

Use SSH keys without password (hit enter when prompted for a password from ssh-keygen
Use ssh-agent as described here


Cnee command does not work when triggered from shortcut

To trigger the cnee command, I was using the shortcut: Ctrl+Shift+H.
Since I was using the replay speed -sp 0, the keys 't', 'e', 's' and 't' were "pressed" instantly.
It was so fast that the keys Ctrl and Shiftof the shortcut were still pressed. Consequently, the editor instead of writting "test" was interpreting Ctrl+Shift+t, Ctrl+Shift+e, Ctrl+Shift+s and  Ctrl+Shift+t.
A solution is to add a small delay before executing the cnee replay by adding -t 1. It is not totally satisfying for me, since executing the macro several times in a row will make me wait a little each time but it works.
Thanks to @WU-TANG for the help.
EDIT: One workaround would be that the shortcut triggers a bash script which waits until Ctrl and Shift are not pressed anymore to execute the cnee command. I don't yet know how to do that in bash however.


Click and Drag from touchpad stops working

From the terminal (Ctrl+Alt+t), run the following command:

sudo modprobe -r psmouse && sudo modprobe psmouse proto=imps

Synaptic touchpad on laptop not working


Ubuntu 18.10 Ethernet LAN doesn't connect

In Windows, we're able to get a proper IPv4 and IPv6 address.

In Ubuntu, dhcp4 is timing out, but we're able to get a IPv6 address. All of the network settings in Ubuntu look fine. We're trying to see if a manual IP will temporarily work in Ubuntu. (set IPv4 to manual, with IP 192.168.2.105/24, gateway 192.168.2.1, DNS 8.8.8.8).

A new router was installed, and the problems began then. I suspect that the router isn't supplying a complete response to dhcp, specifically in regards to domain, or domainname.

Contact your ISP for further router troubleshooting.


First, when posting the output of text-mode tools like fdisk or parted, please ensure that you preserve line breaks and add four spaces to the start of each line. Because you didn't do this, your fdisk and parted outputs have been reformatted by the forum software and are all but illegible as a result.

As to your problem, you probably just need to register your boot loader with the EFI, as described here; or perhaps you need to use efibootmgr to adjust the BootOrder variable. To know for sure, type sudo efibootmgr -v in a Terminal once you've booted. It should look something like this:

$ sudo efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0000
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0000,0003,0006,2003,0001,2001,2002
Boot0000* rEFInd    HD(2,1f4800,82000,5f6b4992-fcfe-4a2c-9e67-98b0a30dfe7d)File(\EFI\refind\shimx64.efi)
Boot0001* Lenovo Recovery System    HD(3,276800,1f4000,de3b7563-97f5-48c6-ab7f-2f5d6d57c644)File(\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\LrsBootMgr.efi)RC
Boot0003* ubuntu    HD(2,1f4800,82000,5f6b4992-fcfe-4a2c-9e67-98b0a30dfe7d)File(\EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi)
Boot0006* Windows Boot Manager  HD(2,1f4800,82000,5f6b4992-fcfe-4a2c-9e67-98b0a30dfe7d)File(\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}....................
Boot2001* EFI USB Device    RC
Boot2002* EFI DVD/CDROM RC
Boot2003* EFI Network   RC

The BootCurrent line shows which boot manager was launched for the current boot and the BootOrder line shows the order in which the firmware will attempt to boot each entry. In this example, Boot0000 is both the default first boot entry and the one used for this boot. It corresponds to rEFInd, at \EFI\refind\shimx64.efi on a disk partition with a big long EFI identifier (HD(2,1f4800,82000,5f6b4992-fcfe-4a2c-9e67-98b0a30dfe7d)). Don't worry too much about the disk identifer, but look for an entry for Ubuntu. This example isn't stock Ubuntu because I've installed rEFInd as my boot manager. If yours were working correctly, I'd expect it to be pointing to something more like my Boot0003 entry as the first in the BootOrder list; but the details, including the boot number, will of course differ.

Some EFIs are broken and won't boot anything but the Windows boot loader; or they forget their boot entries between boots. In such cases, you'll need to employ a workaround. The page I referenced earlier describes some of these. If you have problems, post back with details, including your sudo efibootmgr -v output -- but be sure to properly format it!


You'll have to generate a key using PuTTYgen, because PuTTY uses a different key format.

You can also convert an existing OpenSSH format key. See here.

I suggest to do the first approach. You should never have to move private keys around, unless you're taking backups, in my opinion.


partition entry is not quite correct ( /home is in /dev/sda2 ? ) :

you wrote:

/dev/sda /home ext4 defaults 0 0

( if you write like that then you should replace /dev/sda
with:

UUID=number-of-device

you can determine UUID-number with command: sudo blkid)

but it could look like this too ( in older Linux-Versions):

/dev/sda /mnt/ext4 defaults 0 0

or like this:

/dev/sda /media/ext4 defaults 0 0

more is explained here :

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticallyMountPartitions

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Fstab

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsingUUID


how to fix " a start job is running for the raise network " in ubuntu server 16.0 LTS

I seem to get the same issue and I also have a bridged network interface, probably from my VirtualBox setup, enp0s31f6:avahi.
My system is ubuntu 16.04 LTS server variant, installed on a laptop, so primary use is as a workstation.
As pr the comments this still applies for ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
The issue is there if the bridged interface is there, not if it's not present, say if VirtualBox has not been started inbetween reboots.
The reason is as in the other answer that this interface lacks init info.
My sollution was to reduce the timeout, and to do so without messing with the base installed networking.services systemd file. This will persist during updates in any package.
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/networking.service.d/
sudo bash -c 'echo -e "[Service]\nTimeoutStartSec=20sec" > /etc/systemd/system/networking.service.d/timeout.conf'
sudo systemctl daemon-reload


Mine started doing the same thing and the self test page is also blank. To fix it:

Press the "go" button on the printer three times. If the test
page prints ok it is your driver.
Ubuntu software center - search for hpijs - install it all.
Remove the printer - add it back
Use the Brother HL-2170W Foomatic/hpijs-pcl5e driver
Printer works now.


For all releases of Ubuntu 18.04 and newer:
sudo snap install signal-desktop


Font corruption: lines through characters

Probably related to this xserver-xorg-video-intel bug on Launchpad.

Workaround:

Open a terminal (CTRL+ALT+t);
type sudo gedit /etc/xorg.conf and hit ENTER;
type your user password and hit ENTER;
copy & paste this into the just opened (hopefully empty) gedit window:

Section "Device"
    Identifier "Intel"
    Driver "intel"
    Option "DebugWait" "true"
EndSection

save the file and close gedit;
restart the PC (or restart X).

Hope it works for you too.


No module named uno Python Uno Bridge with Non-LibreOffice Interpreter with Django

I could solve this riddle, just to produce the next one.

    easy_install base

this hopped on to the next issue:

    ImportError: cannot import name 'Element'

Maybe this has something to do with some other 'uno'package as suggested here: https://github.com/unoconv/unoconv/issues/454


Windows browsers in ubuntu for web developent

For a complete answer:

Firefox, Chrome (or its FOSS counterpart Chromium) and Opera have native Ubuntu (or more generaly Linux) versions. They handle the same as the Windows version. In other words, you can get a version of these browsers that will run under Ubuntu without any problem.

For both Safari and IE, you have two choices (well 3): the first option would be to run IE and Safari for Windows using Wine & Winetricks. Wine emulates the win32 API, so that applications built for Windows can run on linux. The second option would be to run a virtual machine. That virtual machine could run a minimal version of windows so that you could use IE/Safari for Windows on there. You might even want to create an OSX VM to run Safari for Mac.


Copying multiple specific files from one folder to another

Simply copy multiple files at once from command line
There are several ways you could achieve this. The easiest I have seen is to use the following.
cp /home/usr/dir/{file1,file2,file3,file4} /home/usr/destination/

The syntax uses the cp command followed by the path to the directory the desired files are located in with all the files you wish to copy wrapped in brackets and separated by commas.
Make sure to note that there are no spaces between the files. The last part of the command, /home/usr/destination/, is the directory you wish to copy the files into.
or if the all the files have the same prefix but different endings you could do something like this:
cp /home/usr/dir/file{1..4} ./

Where file1,file2,file3 and file4 would be copied.
From how you worded the question I believe this is what you're looking for but it also sounds like you might be looking for a command to read from a list of files and copy all of them to a certain directory. If that is the case let me know and i'll edit my answer.
Dealing with duplicates with python
So I wrote a little python script that I believe should get the job done. However, I am not sure how well versed you are in python (if versed at all) so I will try explaining how to use this script the best I can and please ask as many questions about it as you need.
import os,sys,shutil
### copies a list of files from source. handles duplicates.
def rename(file_name, dst, num=1):
    #splits file name to add number distinction
    (file_prefix, exstension) = os.path.splitext(file_name)
    renamed = "%s(%d)%s" % (file_prefix,num,exstension)

    #checks if renamed file exists. Renames file if it does exist.
    if os.path.exists(dst + renamed):
        return rename(file_name, dst, num + 1)
    else:
        return renamed

def copy_files(src,dst,file_list):
    for files in file_list:
        src_file_path = src + files
        dst_file_path = dst + files
        if os.path.exists(dst_file_path):
            new_file_name =  rename(files, dst)
            dst_file_path = dst + new_file_name

        print "Copying: " + dst_file_path
        try:
            shutil.copyfile(src_file_path,dst_file_path)
        except IOError:
            print src_file_path + " does not exist"
            raw_input("Please, press enter to continue.")

def read_file(file_name):
    f = open(file_name)
    #reads each line of file (f), strips out extra whitespace and
    #returns list with each line of the file being an element of the list
    content = [x.strip() for x in f.readlines()]
    f.close()
    return content

src = sys.argv[1]
dst = sys.argv[2]
file_with_list = sys.argv[3]

copy_files(src,dst,read_file(file_with_list))

This script should be relatively simple to use. First off, copy the above code into the program gedit (should be pre-installed in Ubuntu) or any other text editor.
After that is complete, save the file as move.py in your home directory (it can be any directory but for ease of instruction lets just use the home directory) or add the directory the file is contained in to your PATH. Then cd to your home directory (or whatever directory you saved move.py in) from the terminal and type the following command:
python move.py /path/to/src/ /path/to/dst/ file.txt

This should copy all of the files that are listed from the source directory to the destination directory with duplicates taking the format pic(1).jpg, pic(2).jpg and so on.
file.txt should be a file that lists all the pictures you would like to copy with each entry on its own separate line.
In no way should this script effect the source directory, however just make sure to enter the correct paths to the source and destination directory and the worst that could happen is you copy the files to the wrong directory.
Notes

This script assumes that all of the original pictures are in the same
directory. If you want it to check sub directories as well the script
will need to be modified.
If you accidentally mistype a file name, the script will spit out the error
"file does not exist" and prompt you to "press enter" to continue and the script will continue copying the rest of the list.
Don't forget the trailing / on both the path to the source
directory and path to the destination directory. Otherwise the script
will spit an error back at you.


Can 3rd-party package repositories be trusted? (Are there criteria to test if they're trustworthy?)

In my opinion, you can't technically trust a PPA. If it uploads a newer version of a certaing package, you will autmatically get the new one. By that, a PPA can technically replace any package on your system. (Source: German article on ubuntuusers.de).

When I install a PPA I look for its reputation on the web. I note down what I use it for and deactivate it as soon as I don't need the packages served by it anymore. Furthermore, I usally take a look which packages are offered by the PPA.

Another solution I heard of (which is honestly too complicated for me) is to add the PPA and install the desired package (and ONLY the package). Afterwards, one deactivates the PPA. To get updates, the PPA is activated, ONLY the desired packages are updated and the PPA get deactivated again afterwards.


Problem alert after updating Ubuntu 16.04

It should be fine to enter the password.
Also, you can have a look if there are dumps under /var/crash. I believe there used to be a bug, as I got this message after every restart of my desktop if I didn't close chrome before reboot. I could remove the warning by deleting the contents of /var/crash.


How to boot from non-Ubuntu live ISO images like Fedora or CentOS?

Booting from iso is a feature which must be supported by the distro, and the iso-scan/filename= option will not work in Fedora or others. Those might have other kernel options for this feature or the feature may be not supported at all.

I have found a method to boot Fedora 16 DVD, here's below.

Booting Fedora 15 DVD iso from grub

menuentry "Fedora 15 (DVD)" {
 insmod loopback
 insmod iso9660
 set isofile="/Fedora-15-x86_64-DVD.iso"
 loopback loop (hd0,2)$isofile
 linux (loop)/isolinux/vmlinuz rootfstype=auto  root=live:UUID=:$isofile ro quiet
 initrd (loop)/isolinux/initrd.img
}

It assumes your iso file is at the root of second partition of the internal hard disk.

source: this page

You can search for other distribution in google, since it is not a distro-independent feature.

Note 1: It also worked with Fedora 16, I have just tested it.
Note 2: It seems that the method worked when you place the iso file in a fat or ext4 partition.

Booting grml small iso from grub2

Grml can also be booted from grub2. Note that it uses findiso option instead of iso-scan/filename option, indicating that Booting from iso is implemented as different options in different distributions.

(menuentry "Grml small 2009.10" {
  loopback loop /boot/iso/grml-small_2009.10.iso
  linux (loop)/boot/grmlsmall/linux26 findiso=/boot/iso/grml-small_2009.10.iso apm=power-off lang=us vga=791 boot=live nomce noeject noprompt --
  initrd (loop)/boot/grmlsmall/initrd.gz
}

This page has several examples of other distros booting from Grub2.

Booting openSUSE 13.1 Live from iso

Here is the only solution that worked (all others gave me a Failed to find MBR identifier and stopped). In this example the iso is placed at the first disk’s third partition in the directory /home/username/.

menuentry "openSUSE_13.1_GNOME_Live" {
  load_video
  insmod gzio
  insmod part_msdos
  insmod ext2
  set root='(hd0,msdos3)'
  set isofrom_device='/dev/sda3'
  set isofrom_system='/home/username/openSUSE-13.1-GNOME-Live-i686.iso'
  set loader='/boot/i386/loader'
  loopback loop $isofrom_system
  linux   (loop)$loader/linux isofrom_device=$isofrom_device isofrom_system=$isofrom_system ramdisk_size=512000 ramdisk_blocksize=4096 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff preloadlog=/dev/null showopts
  initrd  (loop)$loader/initrd
}

Source is janeppo’s comment.

Fedora 17 Gnome Live Iso

Here is the boot menu grub.cfg entry for Fedora 17. the iso is placed at the first disk's third partition. Also the filename is changed.

menuentry "Fedora Live" {
    loopback loop (hd0,3)/fedora.iso
    linux (loop)/EFI/BOOT/vmlinuz0 root=live:/fedora.iso rootfstype=auto ro liveimg quiet rhgb rd.luks=0 rd.md=0
    initrd (hd0,3)/initrd-fromiso
}

Last Note: I think this answer serve as an example. It should not be elaborated more with examples.


virtualbox guestaddition version from VM client

Virtual Box guest additions are installed as kernel modules. To see whether guest additions are installed, and to get information on the version we can issue:

modinfo vboxguest

This will give an output similar to this:

filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-24-generic/updates/dkms/vboxguest.ko
version:        4.3.10
license:        GPL
description:    Oracle VM VirtualBox Guest Additions for Linux Module
author:         Oracle Corporation

Virtual Box guest additions installed on this machine hence is version 4.3.10.


Locate the id of input device and change the value of its property

From the xinput man page:

  device can be the device name as a string or the XID of the device.

It means that you can just give the full name of your mouse to the xinput command.

Let's first identify your mouse device, type xinput in a terminal:

$ xinput
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=17   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Logitech Logitech Illuminated Keyboard    id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ ROCCAT ROCCAT Kone Pure Optical           id=13   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Sleep Button                              id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HD Pro Webcam C920                        id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Integrated Camera                         id=15   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard              id=16   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ ThinkPad Extra Buttons                    id=18   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Logitech Logitech Illuminated Keyboard    id=10   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ ROCCAT ROCCAT Kone Pure Optical           id=12   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ No brand 2Port KVMSwicther                id=14   [slave  keyboard (3)]

Here my mouse is a ROCCAT ROCCAT Kone Pure Optical but you can't use it as is because this type of mouse declares several devices (a gaming mouse).

So prefix the device name with 'pointer:' as follow:

$ xinput --set-prop 'pointer:ROCCAT ROCCAT Kone Pure Optical' "Device Accel Constant Deceleration" 4

Adjust the above command to match your own device and you can paste it in your mouse.sh script.


How to write shell script to start some programs?

Your script with further two entries:

$ cat launchscript.sh
#! /bin/sh
sudo service mysql stop
sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start
sudo /usr/bin/skype start
sudo /usr/bin/subl start
sudo google-chrome
sudo scudcloud
sudo bcompare

Make it executable:

sudo chmod +x launchscript.sh

Run it:

./launchscript.sh


unity-tweak-tool: Why does it depend on mobile apps like webbrowser-app etc.?

For whatever reason (ask or bug them) unity-tweak-tool depends on unity-webapps-common. The progression of deps from there go as such -

unity-webapps-common > unity-webapps-service > webapp-container > webbrowser-app

Whether the tweak tool runs on ubuntu touch devices don't know or care as it's pretty much a dead dog.


How to solve this weird wireless problem in 16.04?

1st, try running sudo service network-manager restart. This will restart the network manager.

Then, run sudo rfkill unblock all, which will re-enable the wireless card in case you accidentally disabled it like I did a few months ago in Linux Mint. (Source)


make a deb repository from packages installed in one server

if you have a web server or some shared directory:

mkdir myrepo
copy all the .deb files to the myrepo folder
cd myrepo
dpkg-scanpackages ./ /dev/null |gzip > Packages.gz

then configure other machines to use that repo in /etc/apt/sources.list

deb file:/home/your-user-name/myrepo/ ./

Also apt-utils package - contains the tool apt-ftparchive which is perfect for maintaining a reasonably sized internal repository


Best way to sync documents between 2 dual boot PCs

If your dual booting on one drive then in addition to the two partitions on there for each OS setup a third partition for file storage, then both OSes can see the files and store them in the same place, no sync needed. In the case of the desktop if you have two drives then if one dual boots then you can use the entirety of the other for file storage.


Can't SSH into Ubuntu server from any machine

You may need to login to the server directly and generate your ssh keys:

$ ssh-keygen

This will ask some questions so you can set up your key.

Do this on your client machine as well.

There is more info available here.

You may also need to reinstall openssh:

$ sudo apt install --reinstall openssh-server openssh-client


Can I use a bin bash script to start two separate processes that need to remain running in two separate windows? UBUNTU 14.04.3

Yes, possible with setsid command. I would rewrite your script as so:

#!bin/bash
cd ~/adl3
./atitweak -f 100 -p 20
cd ~/eth-proxy
setsid gnome-terminal -e 'sudo python ./eth-proxy.py'
aticonfig —adapter=ALL —odsc=1060,300
aticonfig —adapter=ALL -odcc
cd ~/cpp-ethereum/build/ethminer
setsid gnome-terminal -e './ethminer —farm-recheck 150 —cl-local-work 256 -G -F http://127.0.0.1:8080/foxtrot'
exit 0

Alternatively, one could use nohup command & like so. Note that nohup will write a file nohup.out to store your command's output, although redirection to /dev/null will prevent that.

If you need to hide the output of the script, add &> /dev/null  to the specific command that you want, or to the whole script on command line, like:

./my_script.sh &> /dev/null

If multiple commands need sudo, then append it to the beginning of the call to script on command-line, although then you will have to use full path instead of ~ expansion. In fact, it would save you several lines of script (and ensure proper execution, too) if you put full path instead of ~ in your script.


You can use the related push command:

adb push /local/filename /home/phablet/wherever

Alternatively, if you install openssh-server on the phone, you can copy files back and forward using scp or sftp.


Dell Inspiron N7110 Wireless Driver not working

This had worked for me, but haven't figured out yet how to make it permanent.

Open terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T and type the following commands:

sudo rmmod -f iwlwifi

It may ask you to input your password after you press enter

sudo modprobe iwlwifi 11n_disable=1

The above will disable the N mode on your wireless card and it should start working.


Remove string and replace a new string with format

The only way I would know how to automate .doc files is with a very elaborate and extremely time consuming Python script. You would need to automate [Libre|Open]Office using PyUNO.

This is the best way to do this because you can use just about every function in Office without having to do dodgy hacks...

A less ideal method would be using unoconv to convert the .doc to something human-readable like .fodt, then sed and the convert it back to .doc.

unoconv -o test.fodt -f fodt test.doc
sed -i 's/string/newstring/g'
unoconv -o test.doc -f doc test.doc

You have to be careful that your string isn't going to interfere with the document tags. If it is, you'll need to use something a lot more industrial to make sure you're only editing things in <text:...> tags.

So instead of using .fodt, you can use html

unoconv -o test.html -f html test.doc
sed -i 's/string/<B>newstring</B>/g'
unoconv -o test.doc -f doc test.html

However, there is every chance the conversion will completely munch the document formatting.


Problem connecting to RPi-4 using SSH on Wi-Fi

Here is the answer to the question:
“Route” to the IP:

169.254.0.0 for wlan0 Iface, and
192.168.1.0 for the eth0 Iface


Ubuntu 20.04 unexpected top bar icon (VLC video player)

It's looks like a bug of 3.0.10+ versions, because I have this on ubuntu 18.04 and 20.04 and when I tried 3.0.11 version.
For now, you can reinstall vlc with apt:

sudo snap remove vlc
sudo apt install vlc

you will get a bit older version but without this bug.
Version which you get depends from your distro:
Ubuntu 20.04 - 3.0.9.2
Ubuntu 18.04 - 3.0.8

Note about bug on 3.0.10 version:
1) Closing vlc via "top bar icon" menu closes vlc and correctly removes icon.
2) If you close vlc by pressing window button when video file opened icon will remain, but closing empty vlc instance or with music doesn't cause this.


Should I switch to Xubuntu for better Flash video performance?

Your choice of Desktop environment is unlikely to affect flash performance.