Where should I put the Broadcom BCM4313 driver for Asus 1018?

Only load the kernel module if it was compiled for it. You can check that by running modinfo -F vermagic /path/to/wl.ko. It's output would look like:

2.6.35-28-generic SMP mod_unload modversions

The 2.6.35-28-generic part is the kernel version for which the module was compiled. It should match the output of uname -r. If these versions do match, proceed. Otherwise, stop.

Before following the next steps, test whether the module would load:

modprobe -nv wl

If the module would load, it shows something like:

insmod /lib/modules/2.6.35-28-generic/kernel/net/wireless/wl.ko

Copy the module to the modules directory by running:

sudo install -m 644 /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/wireless/wl.ko

Update the module dependencies map for all modules by running:

sudo depmod -a

Load the kernel module in the current session:

sudo modprobe wl

If you get any errors, do not proceed, remove the module by running:

sudo rm /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/wireless/wl.ko
sudo depmod -a

Add wl to /etc/modules by running:

echo wl | tee -a /etc/modules

Update your initial ramdisk with the kernel module by running:

sudo update-initramfs -u


My KDE settings for default browser/how to open http(s) URLs looked like this:

Despite the fact the linked issue suggested a fix might be to do with allowing the toolbox to open jetbrains:// URLs, switching to having links directly opened in Chrome (with the second option) allowed Chrome to successfully open the Log in link and ask for permissions, allowing me to log in.


The first option is correct. The Wubi (Windows Ubuntu Installer) will install Ubuntu inside your Windows Hard drive's space. For example, if you selected 30GB, then Wubi will create a partition inside your Windows' hard drive.

For the best performance of course you should download the ISO, burn it on a CD and install it. However, Wubi is also a good option if you want to keep Windows and Ubuntu at the same time.


(gedit:3157): GLib-GIO-ERROR **: Settings schema 'org.gnome.nautilus.preferences' does not contain a key named 'enable-delete'

dconf write /org/gnome/gedit/plugins/active-plugins "['spell', 'sort', 'modelines', 'docinfo']"

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=264891


... through terminal or through Software Center

Those are the same. For starting as a real novice you can always use the software center. It will have almost all you would need to install. Later on you will get to see command line instructions that do the same (Under the hood software center) uses apt so on command line sudo apt install {package} does the same. {package} can be found in the software center at the details of a package.
You will see this a lot in Linux: we have more than 1 method to do the same thing but command line is useful because it works on all Ubuntu versions. Plus the extra benefit is that you can put all those commands into a script so you can re-run that script after re-installing.
All software installed from apt will receive security and bug updates. We generally do not get newer versions of software as those come every new release.
Never install software from a random website unless you can verify the owner of that website. If for instance you want to use Chrome (instead of Firefox or Chromium) you can install it from their website since google can be trusted with that. It is also set up to start software center so it follows the Ubuntu way of installing. The same applies for the 2 main servers: webserver apache/nginx and database server mysql/mariadb. But those are for when someone is more experienced.


It is just active or not active based on whether your laptop is plugged into AC or running on battery.

If on battery then the command turns active.


How do I recover my RAID 1 file system after formatting it?

Break the mirror by placing one of the two drives on the shelf and do not do anything to it. (At least you'll be no worse off than you are now)

Try to access the other drive directly with sudo testdisk to see if you can find the ext partition that you mangled and/or files that remain on the disk.
If this fails and the data is critical to you, you can use a professional data recovery service such as Ontrack to recover most of the data from the unmodified (since the incident) disk on the shelf.

EDIT: Based on your recent comment regarding family photos you might try photorec which is part of the testdisk package. Since the photorec approach is based on the underlying data and ignores the filesystem you may get decent results. You will need a drive with sufficient space to recover the files to.

More information is available here and a step by step tutorial can be found on this page as man photorec might seem a bit cryptic.


What are the biggest disadvantages of using a 64bit version of linux over a 32bit and vice-versa

Will this command change completely the architecture from 64 to 32bit, or will it just add support to 32bit while keeping the 64bit?

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

Some packages which are related to particular software are available only in 32bit form. Software manufacturers may fail to create 64 bit packages for this kind of applications. To install 32 bit packages on 64 bit Ubuntu systems, you have to add the above command.(sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386). It adds 32 bit architecture to 64 bit systems which in turn helps to install packages which are in 32 bit form.

No, the above command won't change completely the system architecture from 64 to 32bit, it adds support to install 32 bit packages on 64 bit systems.

One best example is, Skype. You can install skype easily on 32 bit systems but for 64 bit systems you have to add  i386 architecture.Because there isn't any 64 bit form of Skype.


How to simply share and synhronise a folder on two Ubuntu computers over home network

This may be UFW blocking Samba. From a Terminal, try this:
sudo ufw allow Samba

You can also verify which applications and ports are allowed through the firewall with sudo ufw status verbose, which will give you something like:
to                        action      from
--                        ------      ---
...
53 (Samba)                ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
88 (Samba)                ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
135/tcp (Samba)           ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
137/udp (Samba)           ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
138/udp (Samba)           ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
139/tcp (Samba)           ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
389 (Samba)               ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
445/tcp (Samba)           ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
464 (Samba)               ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
636/tcp (Samba)           ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
1024:5000/tcp (Samba)     ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
3268/tcp (Samba)          ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
3269/tcp (Samba)          ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24
5353 (Samba)              ALLOW IN    192.168.1.0/24


This appear after login with SSH: * Overheard at KubeCon: "microk8s.status just blew my mind"

That message is generated by the MOTD (Message of the Day) when you log into a system via ssh.  That message is actually generated from /etc/update-motd.d/50-motd-news by pulling the text from https://motd.ubuntu.com/

Example:

terrance@terrance-ubuntu:~$ /etc/update-motd.d/50-motd-news

 * Overheard at KubeCon: "microk8s.status just blew my mind".

     https://microk8s.io/docs/commands#microk8s.status

To configure if you see the news or not or if you want it to show something of your own look at editing /etc/default/motd-news where it is stated:

# This is a useful way to provide dynamic, informative
# information pertinent to the users and administrators
# of the local system


Does Ubuntu One require administrator privileges?

The problem has been solved. I copy here the email sent by UbuntuOne-support.

Great! Everything is now working properly with Ubuntu One. Thank you so much
for your help. I'll post your answer to the forum, in case it may help someone
else with the same problem.
Alberto

  ----Messaggio originale----
  Da: ubuntuone-support@canonical.com
  Data: 02/11/2011 17.39
  A:
  Ogg: [Ubuntu One #7129] Confused

  Hi,
  Looks like you have switched users. If you log in to Ubuntu One and sync your
  files, then log into Ubuntu One as a different user on your ocmputer and
  perform a sync without clearing out the old metadata you will get errors.
  To fix this please open a Terminal and run the following commands:

  u1sdtool -q

  rm -rf ~/.local/share/ubuntuone

  u1sdtool -c

  Let Ubuntu One run for a bit as it recreates your metadata.

  Thanks,
  Duane


How to allow a user ssh using password only if he's using the local network?

You should be able to do this with a Match directive.

Before you start, make sure you have at least one account with working key-based access to the server (or physical access).

Then edit the server's /etc/ssh/sshd_config file, adding your match block at the end e.g.

Match User john Address 192.168.1.0/24
    PasswordAuthentication yes

Note that this expresses two conditions, User john and Address 192.168.1.0/24, both of which must be satisfied in order for PasswordAuthentication yes to be applied. The 0/24 is CIDR notation for any address in the 192.168.1.x subnet.

Now you can disable password authentication for other user-address combinations in the main body of the configuration, finding the section beginning:

# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords

and changing the default

#PasswordAuthentication yes

to

PasswordAuthentication no

Finally, restart the service - for systemd based init systems, you can do that using

sudo systemctl restart ssh.service

You can test that non-matching users can no longer authenticate using passwords by forcing the client to try e.g.

$ ssh -o PreferredAuthentications=password -o PubkeyAuthentication=no steeldriver@192.168.1.11

which should fail with a message like

Permission denied (publickey).

whereas john should be prompted for a password:

$ ssh -o PreferredAuthentications=password -o PubkeyAuthentication=no john@192.168.1.11
john@192.168.1.11's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-116-generic x86_64)

If you want password authentication to be the preferred mechanism for john when on the local network, you may need to specify that in the corresponding client configuration i.e. ~/.ssh/ssh_config


UNetbootin: 13.04_Live vs. 13.04_Hdmedia vs. 13.04_NetInstall?

You need to choose Diskimage instead of choosing a distribution, and browse for the file that you downloaded, and choose that for creating the USB.  See image below.


Cannot type into terminal - Ubuntu Server 16.04.1

PS/2 is not a hot plug device and in some cases, when certain jumpers and BIOS settings enable continuous power supply to those devices even when the computer is off, just switching off the computer is not enough. You also have to unplug the power cord, in order to add or remove one, keyboard or mouse. I am using a PS/2 keyboard and this is the way to have it detected properly by both the BIOS and the kernel.

That said, it's self explanatory what you need to do.


Can Ubuntu One Music Store be used offline?

Absolutely. Music purchased from the music store is sent directly to your personal cloud; you can then sync the Purchased Music folder to your computer using the Ubuntu One control panel, and then all that purchased music is on your PC and you can copy it to your Zune however you like.


Which GPUs offer the best support for linux?

Nvidia graphics cards are cooler and quieter than similar capacity AMD graphics cards across the board, which is worth considering if you are using OptiFine HD mod in Minecraft. According to Steam’s hardware survey as of August 2015 only 27.0 percent of Steam gamers have an AMD video card, compared to 52.2 percent for Nvidia.


Unable to boot from USB harddrive (WD My passport Ultra)

1) Disconnect your internal HDD.

2) Connect your external HDD

3) Boot from the Ubuntu install media.

4) Install Ubuntu normally.

5) Remove install media and reboot.

6) Connect your internal HDD


using the command line in ubuntu 14.04 LTS

As Zachree1 also said there is no run in linux. What you need is ./.  In linux, if you want to execute a file you make it have executable permission and put ./ before it to run. In your case you will have to do

First make it executable

sudo chmod a+x /opt/COMODO/post+setup.sh

Then run it

cd /opt/COMODO/
./post+setup.sh

Put a sudo  in front of command if it says Operation not permitted or Permission Denied.

After that, since cmdavd is inside /etc you will require sudo permissions, so command would be,

sudo /etc/init.d/cmdavd restart

Hope that clears it up


18.04 sees both Titan RTX GPUs. Why does only one monitor display?

Solved
The bottom line is that out of the 2+ GPUs you have:

Only the primary card is responsible for monitor displays:

So you need to connect both monitors to the primary card. And they work!

Background
Got in contact with NVIDIA's support chat: https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/chat/chat_launch
After a lengthy back and forth, this amounted to email correspondence directly with a Titan RTX expert.

You may then ask: is my secondary card doing nothing?
For Deep learning:
It certainly contributes massively, for massively parallelizable problems such as deep learning.
We've been working with PyTorch and having 48GB of DDR6 VRAM (2 x 24GB Titan RTX cards) and 142 parallel workers (2 x 72 x Titan RTX cards) is being fully utilised (check this via nvidia-smi): as long as you have the NVLink bridge connecting them.
For Gaming & other things:
Not tested this.


System load indicator does not indicate network activity for Huawei dongles

There is a bug open for this issue. Please follow this link and click the "affects me" button: https://bugs.launchpad.net/indicator-multiload/+bug/798649


You can try ranger or vifm - if you're not afraid of the ncurses gui :)


Try this:

ln -s /var/www/ ~/Desktop/www

You can replace the "www" after Desktop with anything you like.


How to 'rm' or 'mv' a range of files such as file01.txt, file02.txt...file85.txt

You need to use brace expansion of bash:

rm file{08..13}.txt

This will remove files file08 to file13, will show an error message if any file is missing.

Set the range to meet your need.

The problem with the globbing operator [] is that it treats each character/digit inside it as a single token and so only supports range declaration using single digits.

If you insist on using [], you can use this rather ugly pattern to match file08 to file13:

rm file0[8-9].txt file1[0-3].txt


Tata Photon Plus not working in Ubuntu 12.04 though configured and was running once upon a time.

Same problem faced. After many hit and trials found a trick that is working for me. I change the port once it gives that problem and restart. Works for me.


How to determine which window manager is running

If you have wmctrl installed,  the first line of output from command

wmctrl -m

will show you the name of the window manager.   If you don't have wmctrl installed, use the following command to install it:

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

Note, man wmctrl (that is, the man page for wmctrl) says in part:

  -m  Display information about the window manager ...

On my Ubuntu 11.10 / Linux 3.0.0-14-generic #23-Ubuntu x86_64 / metacity 2.34.1 system, the first line of output from wmctrl -m was:  Name: Metacity
while echo $DESKTOP_SESSION showed ubuntu-2d and echo $XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP showed Unity.

On a fresh Ubuntu 15.10 install of Ubuntu desktop software on an old laptop, the first line of output from wmctrl -m was: Name: Compiz
while the DESKTOP_SESSION and XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP values were ubuntu and Unity


The quickest way to do this, honestly, would be to install Evolution, import your CSV file into the "CouchDB" addressbook, and then uninstall Evolution. You don't need to keep Evolution on your machine once you've got the contacts into the cloud, so you're basically using Evolution as a "contacts importer" application.


How to configure port number for OwnCloud snap install?

UPDATE 2018: this is now possible via "snap set". For example:

$ snap set nextcloud ports.http=81 ports.https=444

Original answer below:

I'm afraid this isn't currently possible. However, snapd will soon be introducing some features enabling such snaps to be configured in a standard way. Still a little ways out, but soon you'll be able to do something like the following:

$ snap set nextcloud listen=127.0.0.1 http-port=12345

It's also worth pointing out that HTTPS is very high on the desired feature list for the Nextcloud snap, and it'll be added soon. Is that all you're wanting, or would you still want to place it behind a proxy?


This answer on superuser from 2012 links to a python script that counts total keys+clicks per hour.
However, it's python2 and didn't work for me out-of-the-box.  Running 2to3 and making some ugly hacks (I'm not a Python dev), I can get it to work.  A feature I'm working on adding is to have it count clicks per key/button, not just a total.  Should be a pretty trivial change because that info is already in the event object.


Editing dns-nameservers in /etc/network/interfaces without a restart

You are right, "resolvconf -u" does not suffice to activate the change you made. That command only updates resolv.conf from resolvconf's database whereas you need to update the database.

Assume the interface in question is eth0.  Assume that in /etc/network/interfaces you have a stanza that looks like this.

iface eth0 inet static
    [...]
    dns-nameservers 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2

Now you change the "dns-nameservers" line.  To activate this change do (note the && avoid breaking a potentially open ssh connection)

ifdown eth0 && ifup eth0

or reboot.


Will installaling from USB HDD harm files in that disk?

Download the universal USB installer from this link. Run that tools from any Windows PC. direct it to the location of the ISO file you downloaded. then go next, to make the USB bootable.

And never check the format checkbox. If you do so, all will be deleted.

See the image below, (image credit goes to the site owner).

The message is, Don't check on the Format I:\ Drive checkbox.


Fujitsu Esprimo Q510 (mini PC) as a Ubuntu headless server

It worked just fine to install Ubuntu Server on Esprimo Q510. No issues.

I installed Ubuntu Server over DHCP/PXE-boot (dnsmasq).

The Q510 is very quiet. I can't hear any fan noise.


How to disable and enable keyboard on lenovo yoga?

You can use xinput to achieve what you want. xinput is a utility to list available input devices, query information about a device and change input device settings. Open a terminal and execute xinput list - you will receive an output information which will read like this :

severus@Tux:~$ xinput list
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=12   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP Truevision HD                          id=10   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard              id=11   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP WMI hotkeys                            id=13   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP Wireless hotkeys                       id=14   [slave  keyboard (3)]

To lock a device execute this command : xinput --set-prop <device id> "Device Enabled" 0

Example :

To lock the keyboard : xinput --set-prop 11 "Device Enabled" 0 (11->device id from list)

To unlock it, xinput --set-prop <device id> "Device Enabled" 1

Caution! : Do not lock yourself out by locking all devices.

To lock for a given amount of time, say 5 minutes, do this :

xinput --set-prop <device id> "Device Enabled" 0 ; sleep 5m ; xinput --set-prop <Device id> "Device Enabled" 1

Note : Logging out and logging back in will unlock all devices.


To get your GUI back, you need to restore Open-Source driver. To do this:

Remove xorg.conf:

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Uninstall NVidia

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*

Reboot and enjoy!

However, this is only workaround. Nouveau drivers are slow in 3D. I suggest you to wait new NVidia driver release and try it.


Which file system do I select for sharing files between Windows and Ubuntu?

Since Windows systems support FAT32 and NTFS "out of the box" (And only those two for your case) and Linux supports a whole range of them including FAT32 and NTFS, it is highly recommended to format the partition or disk you want to share in either FAT32 or NTFS, but since FAT32 has a file size limit of 4.2 GB, if you happen to work with huge files, then it is better you use NTFS.

Just to add, if you do it with another type of partition like ext4, btrfs or any other that Windows does not support natively then the files will work in Ubuntu but not in Windows. Heck, in Windows if you try to access that drive it will offer an option to format the drive to NTFS. So this is the reason to stick with either FAT32 or NTFS.

You can actually do this from Ubuntu if you want using for example GPARTED which is found in the Software Center or the Disks utility which comes installed by default.

I even wrote an answer to the support NTFS has in Ubuntu. So no matter which one you decide, both will be supported between both systems and you can have a shareable partition/disk between Ubuntu and Windows.

For several security and performance related issues, /home should never be FAT32 or NTFS. For your case, you should create another partition (Either by taking free space not used by files from an already created partition or using another hard drive) and THIS partition should be the one that is formatted as FAT32/NTFS. This partition will also be the one that will share the information between both, Windows and Ubuntu, not /home. At the end it should look something like this:

HARD DRIVE 1

/sda1 - Windows (NTFS, FAT32)
/sda2 - Swap
/sda3 - Ubuntu (EXT4)
/sda4 - Shared partition between Ubuntu and Windows (NTFS or FAT32 Format)

This is just a rough sketch but I think it will give you the idea on how to make it so they share each other. If you happen to have 2 hard drives then:

HARD DRIVE 1

/sda1 - Windows (NTFS, FAT32)
/sda2 - Swap
/sda3 - Ubuntu (EXT4)

HARD DRIVE 2
/sdb1 - Shared partition between Ubuntu and Windows (NTFS or FAT32 Format)


Can't enter Ubuntu18.04 System when reboot ( dual system; seems some boot failure)

Mostly these problems are related with GRUB. Or if try this.

Change the boot option from UEFI to LEGACY or from LEGACY to UEFI.

If secure boot is disabled enable it or if it is enabled then disable it.

If nothing works, then its better to reinstall UBUNTU. (reinstalling the same version will give you an option to keep your files and install ubuntu).


When I use the Wacom Tablet Configuration in Ubuntu's settings to calibrate my tablet, where are the settings saved?

I do not know the actual answer to your question (where the calibration values are stored) but let me give you some pointers on how to obtain these values:

By using the xinput command-line tool you can query all properties of you tablet.

$ xinput

⎡ Virtual core pointer                          id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Logitech Optical USB Mouse                id=10   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                         id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Dell Dell USB Keyboard Hub                id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Dell Dell USB Keyboard Hub                id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]

This will give you the list of devices. Look for your Wacom device (not present in my example), and remember its id value. The IDs may change upon reboot, btw.

Then query the device properties by issuing

$ xinput --list-props <id>

where <id> is the ID number of your device. It will now show a list of all the properties that are set for your Wacom tablet.

Now run a calibration in Ubuntu and purposely really screw it up by clicking in wrong places. Then store the properties in a file:

$ xinput --list-props <id>  >xinput-cal-wrong.txt

Then run a calibration in Ubuntu and do it correctly. Again, store the values in a file:

$ xinput --list-props <id>  >xinput-cal-correct.txt

Now compare the text files, and watch the differences. These are obviously the properties that the calibration tool changes, and you can record these values. You can apply them in XFCE on the command-line by setting the properties, for example for the Area properties:

$ xinput --set-prop <id> 'Area' -20 12 87064 65691

You can put the necessary commands in your ~/.xinitrc file, which is called when your window system starts. I also recommend to look at the xsetwacom command-line tool, which has similar syntax and can also be used to get and set properties.


Vi/Vim editor enters next line instead of entering editor mode

Ok, this is a dumb mistake I made.

I was playing around with Inferno's GUI and I set the DISPLAY variable in my .bashrc and I forgot about it.

As I removed that line, and it is working now.

Any explination will be helpful and appreciated.


fglrx installation without success - gl_conf issue

I have searched about this issu and understand that only fresh install of video driver can solve the problem. I think you messed up your driver. I have a fresh procedure to correctly install AMD driver but first refresh your repository cache with

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Now begin with installation procedure.

sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev*

This will remove everything about AMD Driver. If any error occurred like file not found ignore it. Then, we need some dependent file to install this driver. Type in terminal

sudo apt-get install build-essential cdbs fakeroot dh-make debhelper debconf libstdc++6 dkms libqtgui4 wget execstack libelfg0 dh-modaliases

Then download your appropiate driver from here.

Extract the zip file in your desktop and open a terminal

cd ~/Desktop
sudo sh amd-driver-installer-*.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/oneiric

It will create 3 *.deb files in your desktop.

Now use sudo dpkg -i fglrx*.deb to install driver in your system.

Now use sudo aticonfig --initial -f to create a new Xorg.conf file. Now reboot with

sudo reboot

After reboot check your working driver with fglrxinfo. This is  the right procedure to install AMD driver.


lxc 2.0.0 failed to start after upgrading

You should run:

lxc-start -F -l DEBUG -n <container name>

To find out the root cause of the issue.

In my particular case it was:

Permission denied - could not access /var/lib/lxc.  Please grant it 'x' access, or add an ACL for the container root.

Which was fixed by chmod +x /var/lib/lxc


Is Ubuntu 16.04 on PowerPC still receiving security updates?

General statement about Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

The basic operating system of 16.04 LTS is supported by Ubuntu until April 2021. But there are many packages that are maintained by other organisations. These may or may not be supported with security updates, but it is not supervised/supported by Ubuntu.

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS for PowerPC

There are lots of help for PowerPC users at this link:

wiki.ubuntu.com/PowerPCFAQ

It is clearly stated that beginning in 2007 "with Ubuntu 7.04, the PowerPC edition of Ubuntu will be reclassified as unofficial. The PowerPC software itself and supporting infrastructure will continue to be available, and supported by a community team".

See this link

  Ubuntu for PowerPC is now a community supported platform (the
  announcement) so you can no longer pay Canonical to support your
  PowerPC desktop machine. This also means that ISO downloads have been
  moved to the ports section of the Ubuntu sever, and are no longer on
  most mirrors. In fact, it is often hard to find any reference to
  PowerPC on the main Ubuntu website or packages.ubuntu.com.

  However, PowerPC packages (like for other architectures) are available
  on launchpad where you can look up the source code, build logs and
  bugs. Canonical and the wider community still fix PowerPC bugs when
  they are reported and when they find them. However, package releases
  will not be delayed due to problems which are specific to PowerPC.
  This means there is occasionally the need for some PowerPC specific
  workarounds which are detailed below and on the PowerPC Known Issues
  page.

and this link - scroll down to 'The PowerPC Architecture'

  The PowerPC Architecture

  Summary:

  Beginning with Ubuntu 7.04, the PowerPC edition of Ubuntu will be
  reclassified as unofficial. The PowerPC software itself and
  supporting infrastructure will continue to be available, and
  supported by a community team.

Current support status of Ubuntu for PowerPC

So for a long time there has been no official support. The normal community team support lasts for 3 years (not 5 years as the official support), that is until April 2019.

I think this means that if you want to browse the internet safely and want official support with security updates, you had better get a computer, that works with current versions of standard Ubuntu.

If you want to keep your PowerPC alive, you can still rely on the community effort, but stay away from [risky web sites on] the internet.


What does apt-get install do under the hood?

Mostly, apt-get does the following things:

checks for dependencies (and asks to install them),
downloads the package, verifies it and then tells dpkg to install it.

dpkg will:

extract the package and copy the content to the right location, and check for pre-existing files and modifications on them,
run package maintainer scripts: preinst, postinst, (and prerm, postrm before these, if a package is being upgraded)
execute some actions based on triggers

You might be interested in the maintainer scripts, which are usually located at /var/lib/dpkg/info/<package-name>.{pre,post}{rm,inst}. These are usually shell scripts, but there's no hard rule. For example:

$ ls /var/lib/dpkg/info/xml-core.{pre,post}{rm,inst}
/var/lib/dpkg/info/xml-core.postinst
/var/lib/dpkg/info/xml-core.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/xml-core.preinst
/var/lib/dpkg/info/xml-core.prerm


VirtualBox 64-bit host with a 64-bit guest switches to 32-bit VM's

VirtualBox does not support nested virtualization, in particular hardware acceleration for virtualization.

The result of this is that the L1 guest cannot run any VM with hardware acceleration, and can only run 32-bit unaccelerated VMs as 64-bit VMs require hardware acceleration.

If you need nested virtualization, consider using KVM with virt-manager in the host and also in the L1 guest. For bonus points, you can set up virt-manager on the host to connect to libvirt on the L1 guest via SSH, so that it can manage both VMs on the host and VMs in the L1 guest.


How to find out if the hard drive replacement is successful?

If you installed Ubuntu on the SSD and it booted to Ubuntu without the USB in, then it is replaced successfully.  Additional drivers is not used for hard drives (SSDs).  It is mainly used for video cards and devices where the drivers are proprietary and usually not included with the kernel.


How do I check if I have a 32-bit or a 64-bit OS?

I know at least 2 ways. Open a terminal(Ctrl+Alt+T) and type:

uname -a

Result for 32-bit Ubuntu:

Linux discworld 2.6.38-8-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 11 03:31:50 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

whereas the 64-bit Ubuntu will show:

Linux discworld 2.6.38-8-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 11 03:31:50 UTC 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Shorter version:

$ uname -i
x86_64

or
file /sbin/init

Result for 32-bit Ubuntu:

/sbin/init: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.15, stripped

whereas for the 64-bit version it would look like:

/sbin/init: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.15, stripped

Same for systems using systemd (16.04):

file /lib/systemd/systemd

Result for 64-bit:

/lib/systemd/systemd: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=54cc7ae53727d3ab67d7ff5d66620c0c589d62f9, stripped


You might want to run the following command in a TTY (which you can launch using Ctrl-Alt-F4):
sudo tasksel install ubuntu-desktop


Which driver should I use for my RX 560 for gaming?

As shown by numerous recent benchmarks on Phoronix, the open-source RadeonSI driver that comes preinstalled will serve you best for OpenGL workloads (i.e. most games and software like Blender and Krita). If you require Vulkan (a new API used by certain recent Linux games) support, you can install the mesa-vulkan-drivers package. The only currently lacking feature in the open-source drivers compared to Catalyst/AMDGPU-PRO is OpenCL compute API support and HDMI/DisplayPort audio, both of which should be available within a year.


Reset settings of gnome-control-center sound program

To unmute an audio sink from command line (which can then be scripted to a keyboard shortcut or a .desktop launcher) we can issue:

pacmd set-sink-mute [index|name] 0

The sink index or name for above command can be seen from the output of

pacmd list-sinks

Welcome to PulseAudio! Use "help" for usage information.
>>> 2 sink(s) available.
* index: 0
    name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo>
[...]

The presently active default sink index is marked with an asterix in case you have more than one sink.

In case the sinks are not loaded in the same order it is preferable to use the sink name rather than the index because the latter may change.

In case application or device settings were stored in the PulseAudio database we can reset to defaults by deleting the directories ~/.pulse and ~/.config/pulse (if present).


I ran into the same error. There are a couple of bug threads related to the errors I'm seeing and they claim to have fixed it in the nightly kernels.

dmesg shows "drm:gen8_irq_handler i915 ERROR The master control interrupt lied (SDE)!"

Intel Display i915 driver crashes, Asus Zenbook 303LA


No top bar on windows when maximized on Ubuntu Netbook with Dekstop session

You should remove maximus, or at least make sure it doesn't get run anymore.


To which folder did I install the Faenza icon theme to?

Gonzozo solved the problem in a comment:

  I found it. The hidden folder is simply home/.icons. I deleted the folders and they vanished from the menu in the screenshot above.


Trying to Install Nvidia packages, unable to correct problems you have held broken packages

I had the same issue with nvidia settings and unknown display. Therefore I got back to 450 driver with sudo apt install nvidia-450. This worked perfectly for me.
If 450 drivers isn't working try 440.
It's funny that ubuntu-drivers devices shows me that 455 driver is recommended
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
model    : GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB]
driver   : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-418-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-450 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-440-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-455 - distro non-free recommended
driver   : nvidia-driver-450-server - distro non-free
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin


Return to default iptables behavior after activating ip forwarding with hostapd

This is basic setup of iptables. This will delete all old rules and chains, allows any outbound connection.

sudo service iptables stop
#################################################
# clear existing chains
#################################################

sudo iptables --flush
sudo iptables --delete-chain

#################################################
# allow loopback
#################################################

sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

#################################################
# allow all ICMP
#################################################

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT

#################################################
# allow established connections
#################################################

sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

#################################################
# deny all
#################################################

sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

#################################################
# default policies
#################################################

sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP
sudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT

#################################################
# save the new policy
#################################################

sudo service iptables save

Your sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.10.0.0/16 -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE means

Append -A this rule to the nat table: after routing decision POSTROUTING, for source network -s 10.10.0.0/16, on outbound interface ppp0 and do nat -j MASQUERADE

MASQUERADE is nat. On output interface mask source IP address with address from interface. NAT is network address translation. More about nat can be found here.

Edit 1

Any added rule sudo iptables -t nat -A rest_of_rule you can remove with sudo iptables -t nat -D rest_of_rule Only replase -A aka append with -D aka delete.

example 2

add

sudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

remove

sudo iptables -D INPUT -j DROP


Ubuntu 19.04 logs out randomly after first sleep

The following post help me fix my problem. It seems like it's a problem specific to Razer Blade: Ubuntu 17.10 on Razer Blade GeForce GTX 1060 logs out automatically every 5 seconds but only after I close and reopen the laptop lid


A speculative answer given the brevity of the question.

A very recent thread in Arch Linux reported the same error.

Therefore two suggestions to try:

Remove your xorg.conf file - I'm making the assumption you have one defined.

sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup

reboot

If this doesnt work, you can revert using:

sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Suggestion 2:

Look at the contents of your xorg.conf file and change the AccelMethod value to "glamor"

sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf


Well it turns out the fix for this is just one checkbox. Load up CCSM (that's compizconfig-settings-manager) and just enable the Animations plugin.

I'm not certain but I think that's causing things to be drawn more slowly (through various animated tweens) so X/Nvidia notices the change. That's my hypothesis and I'm sticking with it.

Anyway. I'm happy.


Have you tried this link?
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/369097/mouse-left-click-stops-working.
Just to summarize, try switching to tty1  (by doing Alt + Ctrl + F1) then switching back to normal by doing Alt + Ctrl + F7. IF that does not work, try:

sudo modprobe -r psmouse
sudo modprobe psmouse proto=imps

I hope this helps.


Can't install or try Live Cds's of Ubuntu and Kubuntu

You say 'burnt onto a CD'.  It should be on a DVD as it is oversized.  Brasero would tell you that.  If you used a buggy CD burner it might have burned you a buggy CD.  This is why you are not getting the problem with a USB stick.


How to get a list of installed applications without booting into Ubuntu?

You should be able to tell dpkg to search the database on the inactive filesystem. For example if you have mounted the failing disk's root filesystem at /mnt/old then you can try

dpkg --admindir=/mnt/old/var/lib/dpkg --get-selections

or

dpkg-query -l --admindir=/mnt/old/var/lib/dpkg

The dpkg --get-selections command would be preferable (if it works) since you can import its output directly via dpkg --set-selections on the new system.


I think the first big hurdle you will face is having enough drive interface ports for that number of drives, and then ensuring that the case has enough power and cooling capacity for that many drives as well. If those can be addressed, then the question becomes what type of RAID are you going to run, or use multiple RAIDs?

Support for hardware RAIDs is fairly good, though not all RAID cards are fully supported or without issues. Ubuntu/Linux is flexible enough to handle multiple software RAID setups in one box.

Ultimately, you need to match up your needs of speed/redundancy and your mix of drives to determine what RAID configs are going provide for each purpose.


Disable Ubuntu Update Manager's new version warning

Open the /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades with your favorite text editor, ie:

sudo nano /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

Change the Prompt= line from Prompt=foo_setting to Prompt=never.

If you want a graphical way of doing it open the Ubuntu Software Center and under Edit > Software Sources > Updates you will find a Notify me of a new Ubuntu version option, from the drop box select Never.


mysql is stopping because of ibdata1 file size

It's a common question since mysql 5.5.

common way to resolve this issue:

Dump all databases
Stop MySQL server
Add "innodb_file_per_table" option to your my.cnf
import your databases

I found a shell script here. for your reference.
https://github.com/uberhacker/shrink-ibdata1

Reference:

[1] https://vdachev.net/2007/02/22/mysql-reducing-ibdata1/
[2] https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/39125/ibdata1-grows-exponentially-when-innodb-file-per-table-is-configured
[3] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3456159/how-to-shrink-purge-ibdata1-file-in-mysql
[4] https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/190618/shrink-ibdata1-and-ib-logfile0


How to download a whole FTP site using command line?

Try the following:

wget -r ftp://username:password@myserver.com

this will go to 5 depth levels; to increase, add the -l option

Some servers don't like this behavior, and you risk getting blacklisted because of the load on the server. To avoid this, use the -w option to wait a specified number of seconds.

More info (as well as caveats) can be found here:

http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/manual/wget.html#Recursive-Download

http://linuxreviews.org/quicktips/wget/

--user and --password arguments are useful for usernames/passwords with special characters.


Might be a bug with nvidia & firefox issue. It happens on my Win 8 64but machine as well. Firefox 17 no issue, FF18 slow issue, then nvidia came out latest driver 314.07 issue is gone but once FF19 comes out issue is back. It stands to reason must be a link with FF & Nvidia.


Question 1
Scripts are simple and fun to write in ubuntu/linux . Here are some good links that really helped me.
Mind the syntax though.
http://www.freeos.com/guides/lsst/
http://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Main_Page
http://www.yourownlinux.com/2013/08/getting-started-linux-shell-scripting.html
Question 2
Yes it is really normal that you are unable to run that installer as that might not be your system specific installer.Ubuntu can easily understand .deb , .rpm , .sh also .exe but using a special software called WINE.
here's an article for installing wine if you need it.
Question 3
Linux is secure so it might have made your installer dysfunctional.In other words might have made it non-executable.So you make it executable by following this.
1. right click on that installer.
2. open permissions tab
3. check the option that says "allow executing file as a program"
4. press close button.

Now double click that file and you should see a box saying display , run in terminal and some others.

Press run in terminal.

Now you may get some other errors or it will run perfectly if it is right for your OS.
Question 4
This simply means this is not an ready to execute file.So make it executable using the answer to question 3.
I have tried to talk in non-ubuntu terminology as much as possible.I hope it helps you.


How do I connect to a wireless access point?

Open 'Desktop Session Settings' from the applications menu then tick the netwrok manager and when you restart you will find the network manager switched on.


How to make the Dash Button go straight to the Applications menu?

You can either:

Right-click the Dash Home button and select "Applications" from its quicklist.
Use the Super-A keyboard shortcut.
Patch the lp:unity codebase to open the dash to unity-lens-applications.

As of 12.04 LTS, there is no configuration option to change launcher click behavior.


mysql process stopping install as cannot kill

The output of ps aux | grep ... will naturally contain the grep process itself:

root 8639 0.0 0.0 9496 2244 pts/0 S+ 08:55 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

There seems to be no instance of MySQL running on the system in question.


How can I enable all installed Gnome Shell Extensions?

To activate/enable all extensions every time at startup:

Create a folder for your own scripts:

mkdir ~/bin
Create a script file: gnome-shell-enable-all-extensions.sh:

nano ~/bin/gnome-shell-enable-all-extensions.sh

With contents:

#!/bin/bash
sleep 2s # just in case
cd ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions
array=($(ls -l --time-style=long-iso | egrep '^d' | awk '{print $8}')) # get only the folder names from current path
ext_list=$(printf "'%s',"  "${array[@]}") # rebuild the string
ext_list=${ext_list%,} # Remove the final character of the variable
gsettings set org.gnome.shell enabled-extensions "[${ext_list}]"

Setting up permissions for the script file:

chmod +x ~/bin/gnome-shell-enable-all-extensions.sh
At last, puts the command in startup gnome-session-properties:

/home/YOUR-USERNAME/bin/gnome-shell-enable-all-extensions.sh


How do I install Nitro (http://nitrotasks.com) on 15.04?

There are no packages currently available with any PPA for newer Ubuntu versions like 14.04 or 14.10 and later, however, the old version still might work fine. Download the Nitro Tasks .deb directly from here: ppa.launchpad.net/cooperjona/nitrotasks/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nitrotasks/nitrotasks_1.5.1_all.deb

You can install it with terminal:

sudo dpkg -i /path/to/package

Or using gdebi installer sudo apt-get install gdebi and just open it with gdebi.


How to determine all python-nautilus extensions in use?

you can find them in two directory :

/usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-2.0/python

/usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0/python

hope it help...


How to use Windows Share has home directory

I can think of a few ways to do this:

Set up autofs to mount the user's home directory from a network drive. I don't know how well this would work with a Windows server, what with the filename restrictions, the lack of soft links, and the different permissions systems, but I think you could try it at least. This is the "correct" way to do this, but you'd normally use a more suitable server.
Create a start-up script (in .xsessionrc, perhaps?) to rsync the contents of the home directory. You'd also need to set up some sort of system for pushing changes back to the server, either at log-out, or periodically. You'd need to be very careful with your rsync options to avoid overwriting modified files in the case of a failed sync, and using it simultaneously from multiple machines would be a bad plan.
Create the various setting directories you are interested in as soft-links into a network-mounted folder, and mount it at start-up. This would probably be somewhat unsatisfactory.


Group memberships not visible without running su - $USER after new login

Johan:
Try with newgrp command:
johan@johan-VirtualBox:~$ newgrp group_1

With this command you can log in to a new group without reload session:
$ -> whatis newgrp
newgrp (1)           - log in to a new group

I hope I have been helpful.


Add that at the bottom without the # before it then run:

sudo sysctl -p

Sample from my sysctl.conf file:

# Log Martian Packets
#net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
#
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 524288
#vm.swappiness=0
fs.file-max = 2097152
vm.overcommit_memory=1
net.core.somaxconn=65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=8192


Ethernet & WiFi shows as connected, but internet doesn't work

If router does not work properly, especially if it's DNS is not configured correctly, you will have this problem. Sites you contact by the number are OK, ping will even show  name, but you won't get ping from name.

If you turn off auto dhcp/wifi, then you need to put in correct gateway, net ask, and DNS server ip numbers. If you get those wrong, then you get the symptom you have. We used to need that often, but in Ubuntu I have not needed to do it in years.

If the wire does not work, I suspect the router or cable modem devices are set up incorrectly.

Did you check if other computers work within same network?

If truly your system gives no output from this

/sbin/ifconfig

Then you are really stuck. Something is very badly out of shape. If you can get output, show us.

After a restart, I would open terminal and run

dmesg

The wifi connect efforts are usually in the bottom. If system is trying and failing, you will see.

Now, if router is proper, we need find out if you lack a pc ether net or wifi driver.  What model/brand do you have? It used to be I had a Broadcom ethernet card that requires drivers that were not included in Ubuntu.

Conclusion. First, the router is probably incorrect. Second, show us /sbin/ifconfig. Third, fix the wire first, it is generally easier. Monitor errors in dmesg output.


MongoDB server failed after system reboot

Okay my problem get resolved by the following steps

sudo apt --purge autoremove mongo-org*
sudo apt install mongodb
sudo service mongodb start
sudo service mongodb status

At this point it gives an error "couldn't open /etc/mongod.conf, No such file in directory"
On checking /etc I saw that it contains mongodb.conf not mongod.conf, So I edited /etc/systemd/system/mongodb.service and changed mongod.conf to mongodb.conf
After that, I did steps 3 and 4 and everything was working.


How to cut mp4 file and link to make webm

I am placing here portions of this answer at MTS video files - how to merge and convert multiple files
  in the understand that what you wish is to edit videos and create a
  new video with the slices. If I am wrong please let me know in order
  to change this answer.

What you need seems to be a Non Linear Editing System (NLES), which will allow you to place your portions of video (scenes) in a timeline in order to arrange them in the position they should be so that you can "view" a one single video scene playing.

In addition, you can manipulate your video by adding improvements like color correction, gamma, brightness and contrast adjustment and other useful things.

If you wish you can also slice your scenes and remove portions of each video clip and finally do a render of your video production into a single file.

Ubuntu is plenty of useful tools for even real time video processing but if you are used to Windows/Mac Software you will feel comfortable with KDENlive (https://kdenlive.org/) and Openshot (http://openshot.org/).

My favorite is kdenlive so I am going to place this screenshots over here in order to illustrate the timeline video placement:

In this timeline I am using 2 Video sources and 1 picture. 1 of the videos is having the "Curves" plugin and I am adjusting brightness level with that plugin. As you can see, kdenlive provides several tools for audio/video levels monitoring so that you can achieve professional results from your production.

By using the "Render" button, you can create a new video in whichever format you wish and adjust the parameters of your new creations. You can even save profiles for using later and do batch rendering.

Good luck!


Installing Ubuntu 12.04 using freeDOS through USB

Try this way Click Here

Installation/FromUSBStickQuick

Quick Guide: Installing Ubuntu from a USB memory stick

This guide will help you install Ubuntu on your computer by using a USB memory stick. USB memory sticks are sometimes known as flash drives, memory pens or USB Mass Storage devices.

Installing from a memory stick is useful if you have a computer without a CD drive (such as a netbook), or prefer the convenience of a memory stick. Alternative methods are available, like installing Ubuntu from inside Windows.

It should take around 30 minutes to complete this process, plus the time it takes to download the 700MB installer file. Downloading from a torrent is by far the fastest way of getting it.

This guide will assume that you are running Windows. More comprehensive documentation which covers other operating systems is available at Installation/FromUSBStick.

 Sources: help.ubuntu.com


Using Libreoffice impress remote app without bluetooth?

In LibreOffice Impress head to Tools ▸ Options ▸ LibreOffice Impress ▸ General and check ☑ Enable remote control. After this you will need to cleanly exit and re-start LibreOffice.

Source: RemoteHowTo


Can't open VMware after upgrade to ubuntu 16.04

Please follow these steps:

Download the latest VMWare
Move the already created virtual machines to another folder
Remove the old installed one (VMWare)
Install new version.

Hope it helps.


problem while installing libmysqlclient20 on Ubuntu 20

You have to install its development version (with headers) by
sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev

and it will pull correct dependency.


Even though you've disabled the device, that will only disable it as far as the pressure and other services.

You need to know what kernel module is being used for the device:

lsmod | grep wacom`

The result might be wacom or it might be a wacom serial module. you can test it by issuing ONE of these commands depending on your above result:

sudo rmmod wacom
sudo rmmod wacom_i2c
sudo rmmod wacom_w8001

Once the module is removed, you should immediately be free of the issue. If the issue is gone and you want to make this change perminant, you can add the wacom module to this file:

sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Add blacklist wacom or similar on a new line and save.

If the issue does not go away after removing wacom kernel modules, you have a generic mouse or some other module. Report back here if that is the case and good luck!


Running apt update results in 404 not found on supported version

The PPA at http://ppa.launchpad.net/simonschneegans/testing/ubuntu doesn't support disco yet, but they do support cosmic.

Let's fix this...

Search for the appropriate .list file to edit, with grep -i simonschneegans /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list, and then edit your {found_file_name} with sudo -H gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/found_file_name.list and change disco to cosmic.


Answer inspired by edit to OP. Please don't kill me...

Order in scripting is pretty important. First off, you need to put the function first. You also need to put the trap before the loop. Something like this should work well:

#!/bin/bash

function finish() {
        echo "bye bye!"
}

trap finish SIGINT

for number in $(seq 10); do
        echo "TODO: Insert work here..."
        # Insert work to do here.
done


SUDO changes the user umask as described on the corresponding man page:

  man sudoers

Then search for the umask work by typing:

  /umask

You must change the umask_override setting on /etc/sudoers .


When I Formatted an external hard drive in Ubuntu the drive disappeared from the list of devices

It probably unmounted so it can format. A secure erase like that on a 2TB drive is going to take a really long time, since you're essentially writing 2TB of null data to the drive. Wait a few hours and, if it doesn't reappear, open GParted  (should be pre-installed) and check for it there. If it shows there, format it in GParted.


Where is the source file for commands in /etc/init.d

One way would be writing a bash script #! /bin/bash
hadoop-hdfs-namenode;
exit;
Then scheduling the script with crontab, so it will run on "background".


After upgrade, iHeart Radio (on the web) no longer plays

There is a clue in this statement of yours:

  However, it does work with Chromium

The problem is not due to Ubuntu 11.10 but the other web browser that you want to use to listen to this Internet radio station.

When I try to access the same station using Chromium iheartradio.com blocks me because I do not live in the USA.

When I try using Firefox the program freezes (window greys out) due to using all available system memory and some more of swap memory. (I used System Monitor to check this). Future updates of Firefox might rectify this.

I use Radio Tray. It is in the Ubuntu Software Centre. I works well with Unit. It puts an icon in the top panel (an app-indicator). You can use it change stations. Right now I am listening to Heartland Public Radio (playing Roger Miller - Dang me). I am listening to an American Internet Radio Station without needing a web browser. It must be better.

You need the Internet address of the station's radio stream. You create a new station using that address in the Radio Tray Preferences>Configure Radios option.

The address for Heartland Public Radio is http://hpr1.hpr.org. The address for Country108 is http://tuner.country108.com:80.

I give you these as an example of what to look for. I cannot give the address of the stream for KNRS because I cannot play that station. If you find out the internet address of the KNRS radio stream then you might be able to use Radio Tray to play it. Either that or use Chromium.

Regards.


Get shell while installing Ubuntu Server?

When the install wizard starts, press Alt+F2 to get to a terminal. From here you can run mdadm, crypsetup, lvm, mount and disk formatting commands. When you are done you return to the installer with Alt+F1.
It is important that you do the command line parts before advancing in the installer because the installer does not refresh its view of the disks. If you get to the disk part of the installer and figure out that something is wrong you will need to restart the machine and try again. I could not find a way around this.


How make external usb disk bootable for bios and uefi

It seems almost OK, but the names of the directories under EFI are critical.  I assume your disk partitioning is legacy, so no explicit 2M bios-grub partition is necessary. UEFI and DOS partitioning is not the standard way (use GPT and an explicit bios-grub partition as well as an EFI partition), but really it makes no difference in your case.

Sample EFI partition directory layout from wherever you mount it.

/EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi  -- This is the bootloader that is used, so make it a copy of shimx64.efi for secure boot, otherwise a copy of grubx64.efi (or just set up for Secure Boot, and it works both ways.
/EFI/Boot/grubx64.efi  -- When bootx64.efi is a copy of shimx64.efi, put the  signed grubx64.efi in the same directory.
/EFI/ubuntu  /grub.cfg   -- The grub stub configuration file.

Example of the grub.cfg stub file with the root on the eighth partition:

search.fs_uuid Your-UUID-here root hd0,gpt8
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg


Cant see the desktop except for the background Ubuntu 12.10

It's a problem with Unity.

There's a bug tracker going on here https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/fglrx-installer-updates/+bug/1069199

I got back by right clicking the desktop -> change wallpaper then clicking "All Settings" in the top left, then "Software sources" bottom center, Additional drivers, the far right tab, then reset it to the default open source drivers.


Can Snappy Ubuntu be installed on VirtualBox on Windows Host?

Definitely! Assuming you want amd64, download the Ubuntu Core image for it (release candidate here), and uncompress it to get the raw image. Then convert it into a VDI for Virtualbox. In Ubuntu I do that like this (I assume this command is also available in Windows):

$ VBoxManage convertdd ubuntu-core-16-amd64-rc.img ubuntu-core-16-amd64-rc.vdi --format VDI

Now create a new machine, select the VDI as the hard drive image, and boot.


Did I do something wrong while trying to recover files with foremost?

I think you could add the option "-d" (which means "indirect block detection", that works fine with unix) and specify the kind of files you want to recover (like zip or jpg or ole).  The result:

sudo foremost -d -o /recovery/foremost -t jpg,ole,zip -i /dev/hda


When  can't I play an MP3 file in Banshee?

As noted in Ubuntu Community Documentation, by default, Ubuntu tries to only include completely free software means that proprietary media formats are not configured 'out of the box'. However, extra packages can be installed to play those proprietary media format.

To play the proprietary media format, install the ubuntu-restricted-extras package.

You can do it by doing one of the following:

Clicking on this link.
Start the Ubuntu Software Centre, search for 'ubuntu-restricted-extras', and click on the install button.
Execute the command sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras in Terminal.


It is available! Try

sudo apt-get install libreoffice-dev

in terminal session or install package in package manager.


I'm not sure exactly what you're seeing, here; we don't do anything that would interfere with Dropbox in any way.


How to install drivers in ubuntu 14.04 final beta

Abhimanyu,

Try searching for "Additional Drivers" from the Unity Dash (like the Windows start menu).  I'm using an NVIDIA graphics card; here is what mine looks like:

You can adjust your brightness from the System Settings menu, again search-able from the Unity Dash.  You can also get there by clicking on the gear in the top-right corner of your screen.  Brightness and Lock is the second one.

If I may get on a soap box for a few words...you should always update your system before making any changes like this.  It is quick and easy from Terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade


It seems that kernel 3.13.0-155 broke things. We also ran into this and had to revert back to 3.13.0-153. It doesn't seem to be just related to Java; we had our AWS EC2 instance completely fail to reboot with the new Kernel.

Canonical is aware of this issue and their kernel team is working to fix it.

UPDATE: Canonical has fixed this issue in 3.13.0-156 kernel.


Netplan is the default in server installations. In static configurations, it's not that difficult to configure. NetworkManager could be used instead, but would require the use of CLI tools to configure.
Your .yaml should look like this... I added renderer, removed trailing spaces, and corrected quotes and indentation for access-points and below...
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp5s0:
      dhcp4: true
      dhcp6: true
      optional: true
  wifis:
    wlp3s0:
      dhcp4: true
      dhcp6: true
      access-points:
        "network_ssid_name":
          password: "************"

sudo netplan generate
sudo netplan apply
reboot
To use wireless on a server installation, you need to install wpasupplicant. Temporarily connect via ethernet to be able to install it easily.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install wpasupplicant
reboot


Change just the UI

Remove the ubuntustudio-desktop package by apt purge ubuntustudio-desktop.
Install the ubuntu-desktop package.
You can now select the desktop you want to log into from the login screen, see: Switching window manager/desktop environments?

You know have the 'standard' Ubuntu UI.

Change the whole OS

Download Ubuntu 16.04.1 from https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop.
Install it (as you did for the Studio version)
Now install any applications you might need (every multimedia application in Studio is available in all versions).


My solution is based on this answer which suggests a few different PDF applications:

I found that not all these programs actually work for this. In my case pdftk did not work and okular did. One down side with Okular is that you have to export the PDFs contained in a portfolio into individual files:

Open with Okular

Click first item then ctrl+a to select all

You'll be prompted to select a file name and location. You can just keep hitting enter.

It's not as good an experience as using Adobe but it gets the job done.


How do I restore .bashrc to its default?

Idea: There exist backup copies of .bashrc, .profile etc. in /etc/skel/. So one could replace a corrupt .bashrc simply by overwitting from there.

Caution:  if you replace the .bashrc file with a fresh one, it will remove any other modification(s) you have made to it. For example, one could add aliases, custom function or PATH in .bashrc. When you replace the file, all those modifications will be lost. Better you can keep a copy of your modified .bashrc before replacing it. Later, you can carefully extract the required part from it. To keep a backup copy of your modified .bashrc in your home directory with name my_bashrc use the following in a terminal,

/bin/cp ~/.bashrc ~/my_bashrc

Why /bin/cp: In case if you have messed with your $PATH variable when changed ~/.bashrc all the executable will be unavailable from your terminal and cp will not work anymore. So it is recommended to call cp with its full path as /bin/cp while you are trying to copy something with corrupt ~/.bashrc.

Finally, use the following command in your terminal to replace the ~/.bashrc with a fresh copy,

/bin/cp /etc/skel/.bashrc ~/

It will replace your corrupt ~/.bashrc with a fresh one. After that, you need to source the ~/.bashrc so that the change takes place immediately, write in the terminal,

. ~/.bashrc

or,

source ~/.bashrc

or, if that does not work you can close the terminal and open it again.


zip I/O error: Protocol error in bash script

It's probably because ZIP is dos/windows-centric. In Windows, : is disallowed in filenames since it's used as separator between drive letter and path (C:\).

Unless you really need zip, I recommend using tar with gzip or xz compression instead.


Changing default software for opening video files not working - any ideas?

You can right click on a file, go to the last entry (Properties) and select in the new window the 'Open with' tab.

There you see the standard-application, the recommended app and other apps for opening this file.

In the list of other applications, you can select which application to use for opening the movie. (VLC media player)

Now the file should be opened by VLC.


Where does Transmission save my torrent files?

Transmission stores your torrent files in your standard config folder, at ~/.config/transmission/torrents where ~ is your home folder.

The .config folder is usually hidden. To get there, open the File Browser and go to your home folder. Choose View > Show Hidden Files in the menu, then look for ".config". In that folder you'll find transmission, and the rest should be pretty straight-forward.
(By the way, to find a file in a long list you can just start typing its name).

The torrent folder contains every current torrent, and it includes torrents downloaded from magnet links as well. You can just open those with another client and it will work right away.

Remember to turn Show Hidden Files back off later on, or you'll see a lot of strange looking files:


What is the easiest, most effective backup system for Ubuntu Servers?

The best backup solution is highly dependent on your requirements. It's best to start with a backup strategy and let your strategy inform your choice of software. At minimum, you'll want to read enough to know the difference between the common backup types (incremental, differential, full).

If incremental backups aren't important, rysnc + mysqldump should work fine for your scenario. If you really need/want incrementals, Amanda or Bacula are good choices. My company has used Amanda for its backup needs for several years, and we've been very satisfied. Zmanda also provides a tool for backing up MySQL databases.

Whatever solution you do chose, though, test your backups! Don't just check to see if the backup succeeded, do a restoration (preferably from "bare metal") to verify the files are restored correctly. There's nothing worse than discovering your backup is incomplete when you've just clobbered critical files.

Also, if you're backing up a production environment, make sure at least one of your backups is an encrypted off-site backup.

Good luck!


How to keep pidgin-libnotify not blacklisted from messaging menu?

Here is what I found out... If you open Pidgin > Tools > plugins, make sure that "libnotify popups 0.14" is checked. Unchecking it removes pidgin from the mesaging menu.

If you want to stop the popups then configure the plugin by highlighting the plugin and clicking "configure plugin" then uncheck the boxes by the popups you don't want.


How to upgrade Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS to 16.10

You can upgrade Ubuntu from 16.04 to 16.10 as follow:

  To upgrade to Ubuntu 16.10 from the current LTS you will need to tell the OS that you want to receive non-LTS updates.

Open ‘Software & Updates’ using the Unity Dash
Select the ‘Updates‘ tab
Find the section titled ‘Notify me of a new Ubuntu version‘
Change this from ‘For long-term support versions’ to ‘For any new
version‘
Click ‘Close’

You’ll instantly be prompted to run a quick update.

Source


Ubuntu 18.04 Broadcomm BCM43142 Wi-Fi hotspot not working

There are no Linux drivers that support ap mode .you can't use wifi hotspot


Customizing gnome layout in Ubuntu 11.10

GNOME has also changed it's interface in Ubuntu 11.10. The new interface for GNOME 3 is called "GNOME Shell". Unfortunately it is nowhere near as customizable as GNOME 2.

You can install GNOME Extensions to try and restore some of the more "traditional" functionality: https://extensions.gnome.org/

The extension "Frippery Bottom Panel" for example, would give you a task bar listing your applications: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3/bottom-panel/

Otherwise I suggest trying XFCE, which is much more similar to the old GNOME.


Ubuntu MAAS / Openstack - Nodes No Internet

I think you have same problem as mentioned in this post which I answered there.

Openstack-Install - Problem with juju bootstrap

You must enable NAT on your region controller in your chosen network model.
check this out and try instructions.


How can I make hamster switch activity when I switch workspaces?

This is a a bug. Also reported upstream to Gnome. Who blamed Compiz. I haven't found a bug report for Compiz. The sole developer on Compiz stopped, so I think we're stuck there for now.

Not really answer, but a state of the situation. I'm not aware of any other time trackers that do allow workspace tracking on Compiz.


There are many system monitors in Ubuntu, but the one that is installed by default, is the Gnome System Monitor. It will show you system processes, resource use (CPU, memory, network) and mounted filesystems and their use.


Shortcut key to shutdown PC in Ubuntu 12.04

Safe(r) Shutdown:

To shut down from a terminal you can use sudo shutdown. If you want to make a shutdown shortcut you can assign the command gksudo shutdown to a shortcut.

There by default is no safe shutdown key combo in newer versions of ubuntu that I know of. In older versions of ubuntu using CTRL+ALT+DELETE will give you an option to shutdown though.

Force Shutdown:

If you want to force a mostly-safe shutdown you can use REISUB.

Hold down ALT and SYSREQ. The SYSREQ key is the PRT SCRN (Print Screen) key on most systems. So hold down ALT and PRT SCRN, then press the following keys in order:
R, E, I, S, U, B.

Be sure to wait at least 2 seconds after pressing one key before pressing the next! After you press B, the system should reboot.

For more info on ALT+SYSREQ combos check out: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key


How to create an iso image from vdi file?

From VirtualBox forums:

VBoxManage clonehd file.vdi output.iso --format RAW

dd if=output.iso of=/dev/sdX

Replace X in the above command with the letter of the drive you want to write to. Double check this since the command will destroy data on the designated drive.

Now it is on a bootable USB of whatever size.


Ubuntu 17.04: manually generate guest account

According to this article on OMG Ubuntu and this bug report on Launchpad, Ubuntu has disabled the guest sessions on 16.10 and 17.04 because of a security issue. The guest session is not properly confined and someone with physical access could gain elevated privileges.

If you are aware of the security issue and want to enable the guest account anyway, accepting the possible threat, there is an official procedure to do so:

How? By editing /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf and entering the following:

# Manually enable guest sessions despite them not being confined
# IMPORTANT: Makes the system vulnerable to CVE-2017-8900
# https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1663157
[Seat:*]
allow-guest=true


Forbidden to access PhpMyAdmin in VPS of Ubuntu,Apache and Mysql

you should check through the absolute path of phpmyadmin for permissions. my clue is that in some level the web server has no access to a folder, and therefore isn't able to execute your admin interface.

you could try something like the following:

chgrp -R <your webserver group (most likely www-data)> /path/to/phpmyadmin

# Add execute rights on the folders in order to
# allow the web-server to access you files
find /path/to/phpmyadmin -type d -exec chmod g+x {} +

# then, allow the web-server to read the files in the path
find /path/to/phpmyadmin -type f -exec chmod g+r {} +

You shouldn't have any issues after that anymore.

If the problem still exists after this, you should try this a folder level lower, without the -R flags

chgrp www-data /path/to
chmod g+x /path/to

I hope this helps. Thanks


Quickly respects the $EDITOR variable, so if you set your editor to be Aptana then quickly edit will just fire that up for you.

There is also an environment variable just for this:

export QUICKLY_EDITOR=aptana

Then do quickly edit & to fire up your editor and keep the command line open for your next steps.

You can add QUICKLY_EDITOR to your ~/.bashrc file if you want to keep it this way.


Hotkey combinations for window management?

On Ubuntu 10.10 and early versions

To see all windows at the same time : superkey(win key) + w

To see all Desktops at the same time : superkey(win key) + e

change between programs: Alt + Tab

The default ubuntu shortcuts see this:  Ubuntu Hotkeys - Keyboard Shortcuts

To Define a shortcut  see this post answer create a shortcut

On unity Ubuntu 11.04

shows the Unity launcher superkey

Activates or opens the corresponding applications in the Unity launcher superkey + {number}

show all workstations(desktop) superkey + S

To see all open programs on one workstation  superkey + W

Here is the a nice documentation of
What are Unity's keyboard and mouse shortcuts?


Wifi-Adapter not found, then fixed, now lost again, same solution does not work: Exec format error

To solve the current problem, we'll do this...

make clean                        # clean up leftovers
make                              # compile the software
sudo make install                 # install the software
sudo modprobe -r rtl8723de        # unload the driver
sudo modprobe rtl8723de ant_sel=2 # reload the driver with options

That was successful. However, doing it this way will require that you redo this every time the kernel gets updated via Software Updates. Boo.

Lets redo some of our steps, and use dkms, and make it so that it rebuilds itself when the kernel gets updated.

First, set the terminal back into the prior directory, and uninstall the current working driver...

cd ~/rtl8723de         # change directory
sudo modinfo rtl8723de # see the installed driver
sudo make uninstall    # uninstall the driver
sudo modinfo rtl8723de # make sure it's gone
cd                     # change to ~ directory

Now we install using dkms... using the unzipped folder, or the git clone folder...

If any of the following steps fail, then stop and report back.

sudo apt install dkms build-essential     # already done
cd ~/rtlwifi_new                          # enter the directory
sudo make clean                           # clean up from prior "make"
cd                                        # go to ~ directory
sudo cp -a ~/rtlwifi_new /usr/src/rtlwifi-new-0.6    # copy to /usr/src
sudo dkms add rtlwifi-new/0.6             # add the software to dkms
sudo dkms build rtlwifi-new/0.6           # build the software
sudo dkms install rtlwifi-new/0.6         # install the software
dkms status                               # review the status

Update #1:

Due to some naming problems, we have to clean things up a little before continuing. Do these commands first, then go back and do my original (modified) dkms installation instructions, shown immediately above. Pay special attention to hyphens vs underscores.

If any of the following steps fail, then stop and report back.

dkms status # note the name of the rtlwifi driver... probably rtlwifi_new
sudo dkms remove rtlwifi_new/0.6 --all # remove from dkms
sudo rm -r /usr/src/rtlwifi_new-0.6 # delete directory
ls -al /var/lib/dkms # make sure there are no rtlwifi directories left

Update #2:

Once we get the dkms driver properly installed, we need to create a configuration file to select the correct wireless antenna.

sudo -H gedit /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723de.conf

enter the following line...

options rtl8723de ant_sel=2

save file and quit gedit

reboot and check wireless operation

Update #3:

Success!


There should not be much of a problem installing multiple versions of the JDK. Only one will be first on the path but you can explicitly run the other as needed by just using its full path name. Depending on how you are running it you may have different settings associated with each program. For example in Netbeans each project has an associated JDK, so when I run some projects it runs with JDK 7 and others run with JDK 8. You could also embed different JDK dirs in startup scripts or .desktop files for each program.

Gephi can be run on a system where JDK 8 is first on the path with the command:

gephi --jdkhome /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386/


For everyone who has the same problem and needs a solution: i found it out myself.
You must update to linux kernel 3.3.0 to get initial support for the cintiq 24HD.

I found a guide how to install the new kernel without having it to compile yourself:

This guide will help you install Linux 3.3 Kernel under Ubuntu 12.04/11.10 or older.

For Ubuntu (i386 / 32-bit):

Open the terminal and run the following commands:

    $ cd /tmp && wget -O linux-headers-3.3.0-030300_3.3.0_all.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.3-precise/linux-headers-3.3.0-030300_3.3.0-030300.201203182135_all.deb

    $ sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.3.0-030300_3.3.0_all.deb

    $ cd /tmp && wget -O  linux-headers-3.3.0-generic_i386.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.3-precise/linux-headers-3.3.0-030300-generic_3.3.0-030300.201203182135_i386.deb

    $ sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.3.0-generic_i386.deb

    $ cd /tmp && wget -O linux-image-3.3.0-generic_i386.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.3-precise/linux-image-3.3.0-030300-generic_3.3.0-030300.201203182135_i386.deb

     $ sudo dpkg -i linux-image-3.3.0-generic_i386.deb

For Ubuntu (amd64 / 64-bit)

    $ cd /tmp && wget -O linux-headers-3.3.0-030300_3.3.0_all.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.3-precise/linux-headers-3.3.0-030300_3.3.0-030300.201203182135_all.deb

    $ sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.3.0-030300_3.3.0_all.deb

    $ cd /tmp && wget -O linux-headers-3.3.0-generic_amd64.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.3-precise/linux-headers-3.3.0-030300-generic_3.3.0-030300.201203182135_amd64.deb

    $ sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.3.0-generic_amd64.deb

    $ cd /tmp && wget -O linux-image-3.3.0-generic_amd64.deb http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.3-precise/linux-image-3.3.0-030300-generic_3.3.0-030300.201203182135_amd64.deb

    $ sudo dpkg -i linux-image-3.3.0-generic_amd64.deb

After you finish, reboot your system

    $ sudo reboot

To check updated Linux kernel

    $ uname -r

The output will show you the upgraded kernel.

WARNING
Please upgrade the kernel at your own risk because it may render your system unstable. Additionally, upgrading kernel may cause problems with some installed proprietary drivers of NVIDIA / ATI (AMD) graphics cards, broadcom wireless etc., so be cautious!

Now everything works the way it should be! =)


printing using a HP Deskjet 1000 j110a connected via USB to a Starbridge 1531 Router using Ubuntu 16.04

You could try nmap to find all IP Addresses in your local network and search for the IP Address that has an common printer port opened. (I think 9100 is a common port for printer). You need to run nmap NETWORK_IP/SUBMASK as shown here.


How to diagnose Ubuntu CPU spikes / IO wait?

There are two additional tools that you may want to check out:

IOTop
LatencyTop

If you don't get what you want from those two tools, then you may need to use developer-tools like OProfile or Sysprof.

All the tools listed are available from ubuntu repositories

Regarding your observation with usb, from what I've heard, some usb-controllers behave a bit flaky with certain hardware which can cause Interrupt-storms, this could cause what you are describing. Try searching for usb interrupt storm and you will get quite a few hits.


Is a /proc mount necessary in /etc/fstab?

The claimed statement is generally true:

  It is not necessary to list /proc and /sys in the fstab unless some special options are needed. The boot system will always mount them. (Debian Wiki)

The only reason Debian (and by extension, Ubuntu) includes it is as a forgotten remnant of the bad old days when it used to be necessary.
This behavior is a bug in the installer package partman-target and was recently fixed in Debian Testing (wheezy) on June 15, 2012.
So, you can expect Ubuntu to "fix" this in 12.10...


I think you're looking for Conque Shell vim plugin.

Conque is a Vim plugin which allows you to run interactive programs, such as bash on linux or powershell.exe on Windows, inside a Vim buffer. In other words it is a terminal emulator which uses a Vim buffer to display the program output.


Can't install Epson wf-4630 Ubuntu 16.04

Here is what I did:

Download:  epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.4.1-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb

from: www.openprinting.org/printer/Epson/Epson-WF-4630_series

Add trusty repositories:

A.  sudo  nano  /etc/apt/sources.list

B.  Add the following line to the end of the file:

deb  http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/  trusty  main

C.  sudo  apt-get  update
Run:    sudo  apt-get  install lsb
sudo  dpkg  -i  epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.4.1-1lsb3.2_amd64.deb
Remove the trusty repositories:

A.  sudo  nano  /etc/apt/sources.list

B.  Remove the line you entered above.

C.  Run:    sudo  apt-get  update
Use SystemSettings->Printers to install the printer. Mine was a network printer.
For some reason, the print was very light until I changed the printer options and selected media type of "plain papers-High".  Then it seemed to print at normal strength.


What is the relationship between sockets and ports?

Socket is practical address on application layer for communication.
Format of socket address is ip_address:protocol:port. More about socket address you can find here.

Example:

192.168.1.1:tcp:80

this represent socket address of pc with ip address 192.168.1.1 witch "expect" connection on port 80 if you use tcp protocol.

Example from my pc

xxx@xxx ~ $ netstat -tp
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 xxx.local:54595     104.16.17.44:http       ESTABLISHED 32294/chrome

explantion of this session

my pc communicate with 104.16.17.44
connection is established
we use tcp protocol
my pc hit remote port 80 aka http port

Overview

this represent communication of

my pc with socket address xxx.local:54595:tcp and remote pc with socket 104.16.17.44:http:tcp

Port is practically "hole" for connection.
But on "hole" named port 80 you can use any service.
On port 80 you can serve any service on server. like ftp, ssh, pop3 or any other.

Well known "hole" aka well known ports, more about port you have here

Port is part of socket address.

Ports and sockets ar part of tcp stack. Nice explination heve here.

Tcp stack is only one modul of OS.


Reinstalling Ubuntu 12.04 on a dual booted system with swap file

During the initial steps, Ubuntu installer gets you to a screen where you're given 3 options for installing Ubuntu in a multiboot configuration with Windows:

Install Ubuntu alongside Windows (not a very good choice)
Replace Windows with Ubuntu (bad choice if you want to keep your Windows system)
Something else (this is what you want to choose!!!)

Once you checked the third option and pressed NEXT, you will be able to see your hard-drive partition table, and decide to keep the same partition configuration for Linux as before, includind that swap space or make minor adjustments like increasing size of your main partition for Linux, or adding other new partitions for /boot and /home.

As a beginner myself I find it convenient to choose a single large partition (around 20GB or 25GB formatted as ext3 or ext4) for entire installation, and I also add some swap space (up to 2GB in size). The one thing you should not forget is to also choose a mount point for your target partition, before pressing NEXT to start your installation. I usually choose ' / ' - root as mount point because I do not make a separate /boot partition.

You should also download Boot Repair iso image, and burn it on a CD or write it with Unetbootin on some USB stick (1-2 GB pendrive is enough for what you need). Boot Repair is a very important tool for people who decide to install Ubuntu in a dual-boot configuration with windows. Use it every time when your computer refuses to boot into either Ubuntu or Windows OS. All you need to do to fix boot problems is to restore Windows MBR with your Win7 original DVD, and then use Boot Repair CD or USB stick to fix your problems with the 'Recommended Repair' option.

On a last note, do not forget please to choose your Linux partition in the partition table, and not a different partition before pressing NEXT to begin installing Ubuntu. Also, be careful where you choose to install Grub, the so-called 'Bootloader', which is another thing that you should do before pressing NEXT to start installing Ubuntu.

Usually, Bootloader is to be installed on the partition where you first installed Windows, but I think it would be better to choose to install the bootloader on your Linux partition, and after Ubuntu installation is finished and you reboot computer, you can use the Boot Repair rescue CD to automatically fix your boot problems so you be able to boot Windows and Ubuntu.

If you choose to install booloader on your Windows partition you could find that after first reboot you can boot Ubuntu but not Windows as usual. And to fix Windows boot you need to first repair the MBR, and you won't be able to boot Ubuntu after that unless you use the same Boot Repair CD to fix your boot issues.


The destination drives are mounted, but for whatever reason, they've been mounted read-only. If you right-click on the mounted drive in nautilus (started as gksudo, like you did before), a dropdown menu appears. Go to Properties at the bottom, and then to the "Permissions" tab. Maybe it will let you change the permissions to "write" there and the problem will go away.


How can I get a .sh file to run as Sudo in profile.d?

If you set it's permissions to +s, as in sudo chown root:rootfile ; sudo chmod +s file you will see it set to 6664/-rwSrwSr-- permissions.

This sets the user to root, & makes it executable.

A degree of caution is merited when doing this!


Postgres 9.4 running but "service status" reports it down

To summarize, you added a 3rd party repository,installed a later version of a program than offered by the Ubuntu Software Center, and while you got runnable executables, you are missing some "glue" scripts to integrate them into your system.
  I'd recommend removing the added repository, then update the package lists:

sudo apt-get update

Then install postgresql (will get the latest offered version)

sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostgreSQL

Now 14.04 will allow multiple postgresql version installations -- but I'm sure the expectation is that the version being installed will be the latest.  Not sure what happens when an existing version is a later one, and not really set up in the "expected" way.  Best case, it will pick it up, and run it with the assigned port(5432), and put the "new" version from the Software Center on the next port (5433).  Both versions may be run simultaneously, but will need different ports.  If the 9.3 installation is given the 5432 port already in use by 9.4, and the 9.4 is just ignored, you at least have a 9.3 template of expected locations to move/add the 9.4.  Things like the /etc/rc2.d/S19postgresql link to /etc/init.d/postgresql  and the /usr/share/postgresql/9.4

Then track down the conf file assigning the ports and ensure the 9.4 version is on the default 5432 (if that's what you want).


how to use ndiswrapper to install wnda3100 v2 adaptor driver

Please open a terminal and change directories to the location of the files:

cd ~/Downloads

Install the driver:

sudo ndiswrapper -i bcmn43xx64.inf
sudo ndiswrapper -ma
sudo modprobe ndiswrapper

Check:

ndiswrapper -l

If all has gone well, it will report that the driver is installed and the hardware is present. If your wireless doesn't start as expected, check for messages in the log:

dmesg | grep ndis


How to get back the OS Selectoin option:

Make a bootable Pen drive of Ubuntu(12.04 or 14.04). Start your laptop with Bootable Ubuntu Pen-drive and select

Try Ubuntu without installing

Open up the terminal and Install BootRepairDisk from the link https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

After Installing it Launch the BootRepair software. It will look like following image

And Select Recommended repair option. Make sure you have a Internet connection because it will download some of the grub related packages. And wait for some time till the process completes.

Hope it helps!


Don't lock the computer when I press sleep

Here is a GUI method for turning off the lock function when you make your computer to sleep.

Search lock

turn OFF the Lock.


Is there an Ubuntu Touch emulator or a way to install it in a VM?

Finally, there is an emulator!

Using the Emulator

How to install on Ubuntu 14.04:

sudo apt-get install android-emulator
cp -r /usr/share/android/emulator/ ~/
cd ~/emulator/
./build-emulator-sdcard.sh

To run the emulator:

./run-emulator.sh

For Ubuntu 13.10 and older, you should just be able to install the deb from https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/android.

To update your emulator, run these commands:

cd ~/emulator/
rm -f ./out/target/product/generic/ubuntu-rootfs.tar.xz
./build-emulator-sdcard.sh

WARNING: Do not uninstall and then use apt-get autoremove on amd64. If you do, you will be left in an unbeatable state. Follow the instructions on the wiki to fix you system.

For more details or how to build from source, see the wiki page.

Other Methods

However, using the emulator can be to complex if you just want to run a an app or test the unity8 shell. So, there are two other methods:

1. Running Ubuntu Touch Apps

You can now install the core touch applications directly on an computer running Ubuntu 12.10 or later (or one of the derivatives, such as Kubuntu) using a PPA.

First, add the Core Apps Daily PPA by running these commands in a terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-touch-coreapps-drivers/daily
sudo apt-get update

Then install the apps you want by running:

sudo apt-get install <app-name>

Or you can install all of them using

sudo apt-get install touch-coreapps

Here is a list of the core apps available:

ubuntu-calculator-app
calendar-app
ubuntu-clock-app
ubuntu-weather-app
ubuntu-docviewer-app
ubuntu-emailclient-app (not working yet)
ubuntu-filemanager-app
ubuntu-rssreader-app
ubuntu-terminal-app
stock-ticker-mobile-app
dropping-letters
sudoku-app
music-app

For more information, see this article on http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/.

2. Running the Unity 8 Shell

It is possible to run the mobile interface for Unity 8 on the desktop if you're running Ubuntu 13.10. To do this, install the unity8 package, either by clicking on the link or by typing the following command:

sudo apt-get install unity8

To run it, use this command:

unity8 -mousetouch

Unfortunately, there is no way to run apps in the shell. Clicking on a desktop app will open it in its own window and clicking on a Ubuntu Touch app will do nothing.


Which LTS is good to start using Ubuntu?

I am a beginner myself and started using Ubuntu 16.04 LTS for my development at JustDoc, which is the latest LTS. I feel it is pretty stable and should be good for most functionalities.

Obviously, you will need to provide more information on what your intended use out of Ubuntu is, so that a correct LTS can be recommended.


How to make ubuntu run as one screen on both laptop monitor and TV

What you are looking for is Mirroring:

Click your user in the upper right corner of your screen.
Click System Settings.
Type display and hit enter.
Make sure the TV is connected
There should be a tick button that says "Mirror Display", activate it.

Now you should read this answer in both your TV and the Laptop Monitor.


If you open "System Settings", and choose "Text Entry", you will have an option to add more then one keyboard language. You also have the option to assign a shortcut to change the language on the fly, and show a language switch in the notification area.

AFAIK then you cannot add a language, and add different layouts to that language in Ubuntu. Instead you add languages (each have their own layout) and just switch between those.

Ie. I can add a language "English (US)", and another language "English (US International)" and just switch between those two, they will not be "grouped" but you can define the order they switch.


Add launcher of type Location to Unity application launcher

I suggest you modify myFile.desktop file like this:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Zeiterfassung
Icon=/home/andsoon/icon.png
Exec=xdg-open 'smb://myServer/userhomes/myFiles/arbeitszeit/Zeitkontrolle_6.ods'


on 18.04.2 how do I reliably query whether they are pending updates

Run

sudo apt update

It will show how many updates are pending.

For more details run

apt list --upgradable


Easy to way to get overview of partitions' contents without mounting them manually?

To get a quick information on an unmounted partition's content it may be a good idea to name them with labels. This will give you not only knowlegde on the content but you will also be able to easily mount them by their label name.

To do so either run Gparted, or open Disk Utility from the Das and choose Edit Filesystem Label for labeling of a hard drive or Edit Partition to change the label of a selected partition.

For a command line option and more details on mounting by label see this answer.


Gnome Tab not recognizing Rails anymore using ubuntu 14.04

If you installed rvm in multiusermode you should check that the following code is in your bashrc.

source /usr/local/rvm/scripts/rvm


All you need to do is launch settings app, click on "Mouse & Touchpad", then you'll see the "Natural scrolling" at the bottom, toggle that, then click "Test Your Settings" and make sure it works.

I hope that helps!


Setting kernelmodule-options permanently? (fix touchpad scrolling error)

You can create a new file in /etc/modprobe.d, e.g. /etc/modprobe.d/psmouse.conf and put this line into it:

options psmouse proto=imps

In case you don't know how to edit a file as root, you can use this command in a terminal:

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/psmouse.conf


xrandr says that my recently created mode is an unrecognized option when trying to add it to my moniter

The problem is with your last command.

Detect you monitor name with xrandr | grep " connected " | awk '{ print$1 }' and replace it for the Screen option.
Don't use 0 - you don't need that.

So the command would look like this:

xrandr --addmode MonitorName 1080p


Conjure-up - what happened to the Openstack with MAAS option?

So we updated the name to OpenStack with NovaKVM to indicate a normal openstack installation. This name does need some work to also incorporate the use of MAAS.

I've created a bug https://github.com/conjure-up/spells/issues/44 and would love people's input on a better name that incorporates both technologies.


Open Pidgin, then press Ctrl+U or go to Plugins. Find the libnotify popups plugin (which should be enabled by default), click Configure on bottom and Disable All.

You might want to disable sounds too.


Lenovo Ideapad Z370 - Power reated issues

Problem solved. I was following procedures for ubuntu 12.04 instead of 12.10. Nvidia GPU disabled and got about 5 hours of battery.


my Ubuntu 18.04 takes forever to shutdown

From the comments...

we checked the file system of the system disk, sudo fsck -f /dev/nvme0n1p2, it ran fine
we ran a memory diagnostic, memtest from https://www.memtest86.com/, it ran fine
user reinstalled Ubuntu 18.04
we checked the BIOS version for motherboard " Z390 I AORUS PRO WIFI", sudo dmidecode -s bios-version, and found version F5, and the current version is F7a. User updated the BIOS and the machine seems to be running fine now.

Backup recommendations:

I personally use 3 methods. I use the Backups utility that's included with Ubuntu to backup select folders from my home folder, I use TimeShift to backup my system, and I use Windows Macrium Reflect to clone my entire disk, all to external disks. If you've only got a small amount of important data, you could also just drag and drop the files to an external disk.


Accidentally formated external hard drive

Hi there, try the following link:

http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Download


cannot add repository ppa:pipelight/stable

Your formatting is correct, it's the server that's having the problem. This is not the only PPA affected right now, as I just answered another question that is having the same problem: Issue adding ppa's

I would suggest trying again later, or perhaps tomorrow.


There is a more recent version on the official website. Hopefully it'll fix your issue.