Info

  Q: The difference between the Adobe Shockwave and Flash Players?

  A: Shockwave Player displays content created with Adobe Director 11.5
  software such as high-performance multiuser games, interactive 3D
  product simulations, online entertainment, and training applications.
  By using extensions, developers can extend the capabilities of
  Shockwave Player to play back custom-built applications.

  Flash Player displays content created with Flash Professional CS5.
  This content includes web applications, website user interfaces,
  interactive online advertising, and rich Internet applications (RIAs)
  created using Flex.

Do you really need Shockwave or only Flash plugin?

the flash plugins is available for 16.04 Install Flash Player for Watching Video in Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus (LTS)

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer

Adobe Shockwave Player is not available anymore for Linux. It's obsolete. It doesn't work with modern browsers and operating systems.

The even list PowerPC based Macs. In 2006 Apple switched to Intel.


You can add another string to match to the current pattern:

... | grep --color -E 'installed|-dev|$'


Is there other form to restart udev in xenial, Ubuntu 16.04?

16.04 does not use upstart anymore, but systemd. The new command is:

  sudo systemctl restart udev.service


What are `.mojo.run` files? Should I choose one over a tarball?

What is MojoSetup?

  https://launchpad.net/mojosetup

  A cross-platform, standalone installer.

From Phoronix:

  ...With the Loki graphical installer (loki_setup) being fairly old, Ryan C. Gordon "Icculus" recent set out to work on version 2.0 of loki_setup. However, he came to the conclusion that he wanted to rewrite loki_setup from scratch, and thus MojoSetup was born. Ryan's MojoSetup is designed specifically to solve shortcomings in loki_setup while making this the next-generation graphical installer for Linux and other *NIX platforms. MojoSetup uses the Lua scripting language instead of XML, uses plugins for the user interface, a rollback mechanism for uninstallation, and the installer can access packages via FTP and HTTP (in addition to CDs, DVDs, SMBs, USB drives, etc), and is all distributed under the zlib license. The interface is also modern and Gordon had referred to it as looking like an Apple software installer...

This is the official site.

  Which should I choose? What are the benefits of a .mojo.run file?

From what I see, it provides an easier way of Installing and Uninstalling software. Without going through the package manager. Because you see not very distribution has a Ubuntu Software Center, Synaptic, Gdebi or Muon Software Center for GUI.

  How well integrated is it with Ubuntu?

It seems like it's a Universal solution and not geared specifically towards Ubuntu.

  What are .mojo.run files? Should I choose one over a tarball?

Finally answering your question, mojo.run files are Graphical Installers. Should you choose one over the other?, do you prefer a nice graphical installer or the .sh file you'd run in the terminal?.


New to linux, need to find and install my wireless driver AC-8260

I suspect your device simply needs firmware. Verify:

sudo modprobe iwlwifi
dmesg | grep iwl

There should be a message that the needed firmware is not found. If so, please download this file to your desktop: https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/_media/en/users/drivers/iwlwifi-8000-ucode-25.30.13.0.tgz as well as this: https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/_media/en/users/drivers/iwlwifi-8000-ucode-15.227938.0.tgz Right-click each and select 'Extract Here.' Now, back to the terminal:

cd ~/Desktop/iwlwifi-8000-ucode-25.30.13.0
sudo cp iwlwifi*  /lib/firmware
cd ~/Desktop/iwlwifi-8000-ucode-15.227938.0
sudo cp iwlwifi*  /lib/firmware

Reboot and your wireless should be working. If not, post diagnostics:

sudo modprobe iwlwifi
dmesg | grep iwl

Based on your diagnostics, I suggest that you update the driver iwlwifi. Download this package to your desktop: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/backports/2015/11/15/backports-20151115.tar.gz Right-click it and select 'Extract Here.' Now, back to the terminal:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential
cd ~/Desktop/backports-20151115
make defconfig-iwlwifi
make
sudo make install

Reboot and tell us if there is any improvement.

You have compiled the driver for your current kernel version only. When Update Manager installs a later linux-image, after the required reboot, you must recompile:

cd ~/Desktop/backports-20151115
make clean
make defconfig-iwlwifi
make
sudo make install

Please retain the file and these instructions for that time.


I upgraded from 13.04 to 13.10, but its working like heaven. U try reinstalling it or download the image from official ubuntu and make clean install. But before making clean install, backup your data.


This may be because you are using an x64 system. If you are, install the 32 bit libs with:

sudo apt-get install lib32z1

Then try to run the self extraction file again.

Hope that helps.


Are all xserver-xorg-video-* packages required?

Yes, it is safe. However first check (for example in /var/log/Xorg.0.log) if Intel's driver is actually used. Sometimes generic vesa driver is used instead of GPU-specific driver.


Unable to mount USB drive - not recognized by computer

Cables go bad. How did you ensure the cable that you used is good? – user535733>

That was it: the USB cable had a bad connector. It is able to send power to the device and recharge it, but not able to connect its data. Thanks for pointing that out. Problem solved.


Before we go through the potentially harmful process of a BIOS upgrade we have to answer the following questions with yes:

Do I really need the improvements the new BIOS version offers?
Had I made a full backup of my data?

You may find that a newer BIOS will not really add any better performance to our exisiting and running system.
In case we suffer from a BIOS bug that was resolved, and we need the BIOS to be upgraded we then need to know which OS is supported.

Some mainboard BIOS have the capability to upgrade from USB without the need of an additional operating system.
Few manufacturers even offer a Linux software to perform the flash upgrade.

Both sadly seems not to be the case for your ASUS notebook. We are offered various versions of the Windows software to upgrade our flash memory. This software may run with a repair Windows CD (see this answer for details) but the better way to go here is to use the DOS utility allflash2 which is also available for download from ASUS. This utility can be run after booting FreeDOS. How to do this was further elaborated in an answer to the following questions:

How to create DOS Boot USB flash drive with (X)Ubuntu
How to flash a BIOS when only a Windows binary is provided?

Obvious notes in addition:

Do not flash BIOS from Wine.
Flashing BIOS from a virtual machine is not possible.


Monitor only working in Grub, no signal after boot

Nevermind.

Reading through my post I'm thinking: This really sounds like a cable problem.

Unplugged the cable from port in GPU and plugged it back in really really hard. For the 10th time today. Blank monitor lit up. Everything works.

Still mystified as to why Bios and Grub would work though? And why it suddenly had preference for the bad cable?? Maybe because lower resolution on those screens?

I'll get spare cables when I get a chance. Suspect this one only good for a few more moves.


How to get the updates after installing Ubuntu 14.04

The fact that you don't have a working internet connection at installation time should not affect future updates in any way.

You will be prompted when you have a working connection and any updates are available.

You can also install updates manually by using the Software Center, or running sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade in the terminal.


"Set as wallpaper" also creates a copy of the image

I found that if you open the file and set it as your wallpaper through the Image Viewer, it won't make a copy.


Cannot boot into Ubuntu after resetting NVRAM on iMac

Figured it out. Booted the computer from an Ubuntu live usb. Installed and ran Boot-Repair.


How can I change my display name, and avatar in Empathy?

Navigate to Edit > Personal
   Information. (if you're using Unity, the application menu is only visible if you hover the mouse cursor over the top panel.)

From here you may change the alias, or avatar of any account you wish.
(your display name is known as an alias.)


How do I place this file in Ubuntu? (In parallels / OSX)

There is probably a simpler way to do this through Parallels (I'm assuming they have some sort of clipboard sharing, similar to VirtualBox), but you can easily copy files over SSH with scp.

To copy a file from your Mac OS X home directory to the guest VM's /etc directory, you can execute:

scp ~/myfile.txt ubuntu@myguestvm:/etc/

Where ~ is your user's home directory. myfile.txt is the file/object to copy. ubuntu is the username on the guest VM (typically defaults to ubuntu for servers). myguestvm is the hostname (or IP address) of the guest VM . And /etc/ being the target destination of the ~/myfile.txt.

You will most likely be prompted for a password, but you can easily setup SSH to be passwordless.

For more information around scp you can execute man scp in a terminal.


Display Blank (ASUS PB278Q) after turning display power off/on until reboot


The JRE only allows you to execute Java programs.

The JDK contains the necessary components to compile java source code and create executable code (that will require a JRE to run). It usually includes the corresponding JRE.

An IDE (Eclipse, IntelliJ) contains an editor with a lot of additional functionality (on-the-fly syntax checking, code completion, debugger, Git interface...). It is the recommended way to work on a Java project.


Does somebody know if the Light themes will get overhauled for Natty?

Currently the themes have the following changes from the maverick version from the changelog.

  Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc

  Removed style for IdoMessageDialog   *
  Radiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc
  Removed style for IdoMessageDialog

  apps/ubuntuone.rc: Move the Ubuntu
  One-specific themeing for when
  running under light-themes into the theme.  This impoves the
  look of the Ubuntu One clients when running under other themes.
  (LP: #715717)
  Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc,
  Radiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc

  Set style for IdoMessageDialog used by incoming call notifications
  in empathy

  New Ambiance properties for
   and  added to
  metacity theme files (for invisible window grip support).
  These are read by libmetacity-private so that they can
  be
  exported by new functionality and picked up by
  'unity-window-decorator' which was introduced in compiz-gnome
  1:0.9.2.1+glibmainloop4. Partial solution to (LP: #160311).
  Apply
  Ambiance/.../metacity-theme-1.xml
  changes to Radiance.   * Add Breaks:
  metacity (<< 1:2.30.3-0ubuntu2) since
  the introduction
  of new parsing support will prevent backporting to maverick unless
  the corresponding patch to Metacity is backported first.
  Add symlinks so the themes work in
  GTK3
  Include cpu-freq among the panel
  applets known to the Ambiance theme
  (LP: #640096)


Running cutycapt from PHP on my Ubunty Server

Check the error logs of Apache. When this shows: "cannot connect to x server" you'll need an X server running. This can be installed like this (install a light weight version of a GUI server):

sudo apt-get install xvfb

then change the php system command to run cutycapt in this X server:

xvfb-run --server-args="-screen 0, 1280x1200x24" cutycapt --url=http://amazingjokes.com --out=crap/test32443.jpg


apt-get update error: Unable to find expected entry  contrib/source/Sources in Meta-index file

contrib is not a valid section for the official ubuntu mirrors, hence the cryptic message that contrib/source/Sources cannot be found.

repo.yandex.ru is not an official one listed at https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors. The non-free section of that mirror does not contain any binaries nor sources. If you want to use the Yandex mirror, use mirror.yandex.ru.

Furthermore, your repository sources list is missing security.ubuntu.com which may cause delayed security updates.

You to should set your repository sources to at least:

deb http://ru.archive.com/ubuntu/ maverick main restricted
deb-src http://ru.archive.com/ubuntu/ maverick main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick main-security restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick main-security restricted

You're missing a lot packages with this list, I recommend you to use the list which was provided on a new installation, save the below text as /etc/apt/sources.list:

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.

deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick main restricted
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-updates main restricted
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick universe
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick universe
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-updates universe
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick multiverse
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick multiverse
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-updates multiverse
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-updates multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ maverick-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu maverick partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu maverick partner

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu maverick main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu maverick main

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu maverick-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu maverick-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu maverick-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu maverick-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu maverick-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu maverick-security multiverse


Convert /etc/network/interfaces to netplan for floating IP

Seems like you cannot create eth0:0

Check this out: https://netplan.io/examples

Multiple addresses on an interface
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0:
     addresses:
       - 10.100.1.38/24
       - 10.100.1.39/24
     gateway4: 10.100.1.1

Multiple gateways and multiple ips

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0:
     addresses:
       - 9.0.0.9/24
       - 10.0.0.10/24
       - 11.0.0.11/24
     #gateway4:    # unset, since we configure routes below
     routes:
       - to: 0.0.0.0/0
         via: 9.0.0.1
         metric: 100
       - to: 0.0.0.0/0
         via: 10.0.0.1
         metric: 100
       - to: 0.0.0.0/0
         via: 11.0.0.1
         metric: 100


20.04 can't recognized and opened any files on router USB flash disk

Thanks M.A.K. Ripon's help for my poor English.

Now I know above problem is a bug(samba-bug1872476).

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/samba/+bug/1872476
https://launchpad.net/~sergiodj/+archive/ubuntu/samba-bug1872476-v2

The answer is:

add client min protocol = NT1 into /etc/samba/smb.conf following [global]

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sergiodj/samba-bug1872476-v2
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade


What is the terminal command for launching a web app?

You can start Ubuntu Web Browser by

$ webbrowser-app <address>
$ webbrowser-app https://mail.google.com

Press Super (Windows key) type Startup Application.

Click Add.
Enter whatever you want to run at startup. For eg unity-webapps-gmail (replace firefox).
Click Add & Close
Next time you login it will launch gmail (or whatever you entered) automatically for you.

All unity apps. See this.

For other services, you need to enter your service address. Replace (field 2) with webbrowser-app http://mail.google.com (or any other) for Unity Web Browser to launch with.

Happy to help.


error: A required dependency 'cups (CUPS - Common Unix Printing System)' is still missing


Why Ubuntu-Desktop package is allways associated with pulseaudio?

Because PA is an essential part of the Ubuntu desktop distribution.

However, you can safely remove the meta-package ubuntu-desktop without losing any functionality, yet be aware that you won't receive any updates for that package (Which means you won't get new software which would have been pulled in by that package). See also What are the downsides of removing ubuntu-desktop metapackage?


ubuntu 20.04 can " zfs-auto-snapshot" v.s. zsys

IMO you would be best off uninstalling zsys and zfs-auto-snapshot and using sanoid instead. It is very mature, reasonably well documented, and "just works".


I hibernated my PC, but it has not able to resume it. (Ubuntu 18.10)

Perhaps you forgot (like me) to specify the resume & resume_offset Linux boot parameters? Without the resume_offset I had the same problem as you: black screen on "s2disk: Returned to userspace" message.

I've written here a full answer to be able to resume correctly from a swap file.


The last line in geany window is obscured

One way to solve the problem is to use conventional scrollbars instead of overlay scrollbars. To do so, follow the instructions in How do I disable overlay scrollbars?


Some Info

When you compile a program from scratch, the end result will be one or more binary files for the program. These are computer readable files that do not contain code or text, though they may use other text files. Think of it as describing a picture, with words (the code), to an artist (the computer) so he can then make the final result (the binary file).

Most system installed binaries are in /usr/bin. When you invoke a terminal command that begins with a command rather than a file name (which may or may not be a binary file), it will look in /usr/bin for the binary and run it. For example, ls in the terminal will actually invoke the /usr/bin/ls binary file.

If you want to run an .exe with wine, for example, you would use ./bin/wine [exe file]. This demonstrates that the binary will not have a file name extension.

Where are binary files put?

Anyway, these binary files are usually located in the ./bin folder in the source tree after compiling, unless you used the --prefix option with ./configure. With Wine, it may be different, perhaps check ./wine/bin.


sock.connect(sa)

Probably something can't connect somewhere. Therefore, I'm sure reinstalling Python won't help :) However, if you check where should it connect to and why it can't. Good pointer should be what's written before the traceback.


How do you recover item from lost+found?

You may first want to know what lost+found is:

What's lost+found and where did it come from?

The lost+found directory can only be accessed by the root user. So, to copy files, open a terminalCtrl+Alt+t and then do:

sudo su

to gain root access and then navigate to the lost+found directory.

cd /home/lost+found

then you can copy all recovered files to your home directory

mkdir $HOME/recovered\ files && cp -r /home/lost+found $HOME/recovered\ files

You will find all your recovered files in recovered files directory in your home folder.


nmap scenning ports when ufw is disabled

That output looks like you've run nmap against a standard domestic router, so I'm assuming you have a computer on a 192.168.x.x network behind a NAT router.

When you say you've turned off the firewall, do you mean you've turned off your computer's UFW firewall? In which case, you'll still need to add port forwarding rules to your router to direct incoming traffic to your computer. There are websites which provide port forwarding guides for various routers. You need to know which TCP or UDP ports you'll be using.

If you are running a webserver from within a VM, you need to ensure traffic can go from your 192.168.x.x network to the VM. By default, VirtualBox puts VMs in a 10.x.x.x network, with your host acting as a NAT router. From the VirtualBox application, edit the network settings for the VM, and under Network Adapter 1, switch it from NAT to Bridged Adapter. This will give your VM an IP address on your 192.168.x.x network, making it addressable from your router.

Then on your router, forward TCP port 80 to the IP address of your VM (and not your VM host machine).


I finally found a solution:
settings->about>software Updates->additional drivers
then choose the nvidia driver metapackage marked as (proprietary and tested).


This setting should go into your Firefox profile prefs.js file, which should be located in ~/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/.

The file format is JavaScript, so in theory it could be mangled to the point of needing a JS parser to modify it, but Firefox is usually nice and prints each setting on its own line in alphabetical order. To add a setting like this you could simply

echo 'user_pref("toolkit.networkmanager.disable", true);' >> ~/.mozilla/firefox/**replace**.default/prefs.js

If this setting is already in the file, I'm not sure whether Firefox will register the last or first instance. Just give it a try. If it's not consistent, you could do this:

if grep 'toolkit.networkmanager.disable' ~/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/prefs.js
then
    sed -i -e 's/^user_pref("toolkit.networkmanager.disable", \(true\|false\));$/user_pref("toolkit.networkmanager.disable", true);/' ~/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/prefs.js
else
    echo 'user_pref("toolkit.networkmanager.disable", true);' >> ~/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/prefs.js
fi

After modifying the configuration you'll need to restart Firefox to apply the change.


How to add audio elements and video elements for gstreamer with qtdemux

You can achieve the same thing with playbin2:

gst-launch-0.10 playbin2 uri=$(/usr/local/bin/youtube-dl -g -f 18 i4jTHhXuKLA)

For information, this is the pipeline created by playbin2 (Use "View Image" from your browser to get it full sized):

If you need to render the video stream at 1024x768, try the following pipeline instead:

gst-launch-0.10 uridecodebin name=dec uri=$(/usr/local/bin/youtube-dl -g -f 18 i4jTHhXuKLA)  ! queue ! autoaudiosink dec. ! queue  ! videoscale ! video/x-raw-yuv,width=1024,height=768 ! autovideosink

Both tested OK on 14.04.


Removing old kernels is not inherently unsafe, but if you remove all your kernels and reboot, you'll be left at an angry Grub screen. Fixing that takes significant know-how (like that but with an apt-get install linux-generic at the end).

The first time you do this is quite thrilling but the people looking to clean up their Grub menu or recover some disk space aren't looking for thrills.

The danger comes from users copy-pasting a block of code that —unbeknownst to them and without acknowledging the risks— doesn't apply. There are many examples of detecting old kernels and few are perfect. Even my latest effort still has its pitfalls. And we're talking about an issue that can be fixed; many posts on Ask Ubuntu could lead to permanent data loss if used incorrectly.

We try to safeguard against damage by signposting the risk to make users conscious of potential problems. In the best case scenarios, the user will be prepared and equipped to deal with a problem and in the worst case, at least they can't complain that they weren't warned.


Ubuntu 18.04 can't find WiFi option in my dell laptop

Try rfkill without any options.

On my dell laptop, rfkill sees WiFi, Bluetooth, and 4G whereas rfkill list all reports only 4G.


I had this issue, and my efi partition was full. I think this caused the issue because installation always stopped at that drive, and displayed the initramfs prompt as stated in this issue.

I tried many of the fixes on this page and many other pages. It took days to figure out which fix would work.

I finally created a USB boot drive on my WIN 10 machine using Lili USB Creator, and what do you know? I could install Ubuntu on my Linux-dedicated machine from that USB boot drive. I had tried at least three other USB Boot disk tools or command-line methods.

Now I have to figure out how to grow my efi partition. It's no longer full, but damn close. Oh and AND WiFi isn't working...yet.

HW: Lenovo s21e
System (finally!): Ubuntu 14.04 LTS


what will happen if i delete FreeDOS partition?

Yes, you can delete the partition.  The boot flag only has meaning to Microsoft boot loaders.  GRUB is installed in the MBR and will continue to work as long as it can find your Ubuntu partition.


Live CD loads and works. Installing shuts down?

Figured it out!!!!!! After flashing a new bios, partitioning and repartitioning, changing NTFS and FAT file systems and learning a crap load about BIOS, I just needed to clean the fan. It was registering 118c! The Fan......


Correct way to create a Desktop Entry file of Directory type?

Create a symlink, for example:

ln -s /home/pi/resources /home/pi/Desktop/Course\ Resources

The first part is the folder you want to link and the second part is the link on the desktop.


20.04 SSH stops working when updating Ciphers

it hated blowfish and the ssh server would not start until I removed the blowfish option.  used "service ssh status" to check status of service and "service ssh start/restart" to test.


Ubuntu For Android. Is it available to the average Joe?

It's not pre-installed on phones (yet).  There have been announcements of phones with Ubuntu pre-installed, but not with the desktop switching mode, just with the Ubuntu Touch experience (for now).
Not out yet.
Here's a list of devices! Since Ubuntu on phones is still really in pre-release mode, it's not really in average-Joe mode yet.  You could still have a stab at it if you have a supported device, though; here is the install guide.

So, Ubuntu for Android isn't where you want it to be right now.  The idea of having your current Android phone then plugging it into a dock and you have a full desktop is great, but it's not here yet.  You'll probably see Ubuntu phones hit the market early next year.


How should I set up a Linux file server for data sharing with Windows PCs and a PS3?

Here's how we have our media server set up at my house (Dell Blade server w/2 Pentium Dual Cores, 8gb RAM and a 1.5TB HDD and an old 80gb hdd).  It's very basic but works splendidly.

Main OS: Ubuntu Server Edition (check the options for Samba during the install).

HDD Setup: All ext4. The OS is on it's own 20gb partition on the 80gb drive with /home being on a separate partition.  The reason the main OS is on a separate drive is we were debating putting it on an SSD, but never got around to it.  The 1.5 TB drive is mounted to /media/data (make sure this is done in /etc/fstab, not manually, as mediatomb likes to have it available when it loads).

Media Sharing: Set up samba to share /media/Data (allow guest, no authentication sharing).  Standard samba setup really.  Install mediatomb (UPnP) and follow the instructions on their wiki regarding sharing with a PS3 (basically uncommenting 1 line in a config file).  Use the mediatomb web interface to select which directories you want to share.  Pretty easy.

Other Thoughts: Read through the mediatomb options and wiki's, there's a lot of other features you can enable through the GUI and also the config file.  I know we changed the behavior it monitors directories and also how often it scans directories for new files.

It should be relatively easy to set up, and when you are done you have an excellent media server.


PulseAudio: Setting a default sink for created sink inputs

:) 1st, high votes Related Question should point you to solution:

How to change pulseaudio sink with “pacmd set-default-sink” during playback?

You may need to disable stream target device restore by editing the corresponding line in /etc/pulse/default.pa to:

load-module module-stream-restore restore_device=false

Then try:

sudo apt-get install libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386

Reference: ArchLinux Forums: Flash ignores pulseaudio


No root filesystem during 16.04 install from USB

The two most common issues I run into with booting or installing Ubuntu from USB are:

UEFI versus Legacy BIOS.  If your MAC boots UEFI, and makes a UEFI bootable USB, it probably won't work on Legacy BIOS.  And vice versa.
Some BIOS configure disks in "raid mode".  Then Ubuntu can't see the disk.  Go into bios and drop disk to AHCI mode.

Also,  if you reach the partition screen during install, select "erase disk" instead of installing into an existing partition.  This will clean up the boot/uefi partition for you.


I cant type on Firefox in my new m10 tablet

As far as I'm aware, if you're on OTA-10.1 then the onscreen keyboard isn't popping up for the 'legacy' apps like Firefox, LibreOffice etc.

This should be fixed in OTA-11 (the software update will be out in the next week or so) but for now an external keyboard if you have one (USB or Bluetooth) is the easiest way around this.

A similar question was asked here:

Ubuntu Touch: no onscreen keyboard in Firefox?

and in the answers it appears to be a bug that they are working on fixing.


XLSREAD unable to read file in MATLAB R2012a in Ubuntu 12.10?

For completeness:

As mentioned above Ubuntu does not appear to enable XLSREAD with big files.

The solution would then be to cut your file into smaller pieces (start with half, then half of half etc) untill you can use XLSREAD and afterwards combine the results.

An untested solution that may also work: Try saving it as csv and import it like that or use low level fileread commands.


Edit :

Ubuntu 16.04.2 will not automatically install newer kernel and X.org stack by default. Switching to Hardware Enablement Stack is optional.

To install 16.04.2 HWE Stack, run

sudo apt install --install-recommends xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04

Also, updated ISOs are now available.

Source1, Source2

Here is the change summary.

I actually have 16.04.2 right now! (But updated ISOs are not available yet)

Ubuntu 16.04.2 has been delayed till Monday. Read more about it.

Local time & date in India as of this writing : 8:30 PM, Feb 10th.

I installed Ubuntu 16.10's kernel on Ubuntu 16.04.1 about a week ago. See this for more info.

Yesterday(9th Feb) I got the Mesa 12.0.6 ( planned for 16.04.2 ) and linux-firmware 1.157.8 updates through update manager.

Now my lsb_release -a output says that I have Ubuntu 16.04.2.

Proof:


Restarts after waking from sleep on Ubuntu 18.04

I reset the BIOS Setting on my XPS 13 and it worked! Don't forget to set the Drive options back on AHCI instead of RAID


VirtualBox with Ubuntu 14.04 - Gparted shows unallocated storage

Your 72Gb of space, which you have now formatted, is in an extended partition. Extended partitions are nice, as you are not limited to 4 primary partitions anymore. However, from your setup, and what you are trying to acheive, it doesn't look like you need bother with extended partitions. So, here is what I would do.

Unmount your swap space.

swapoff -a

Alternatively, right click the swap space in gparted and select swapoff.

In Gparted, delete your new 72Gb partition.
In Gparted, delete your swap partition.
In gparted, delete your extended parition.

Deleting the partitions is done by right clicking the partition, and selecting delete.

In Gparted, select your main primary partition, and resize it. Make sure to leave enough free space at the end for a swap partition.
In Gparted, create a second primary partition at the end.
In Gparted, format your second primary partition as swap.
In Gparted, apply the changes and exit.
Probably a good idea to reboot.


Evince - Libreoffice - Geogebra - Apparmor issues

I give some tries on 18.04.1, for evince.

Add below lines into /etc/apparmor.d/local/usr.bin.evince

/usr/lib/libreoffice/program/* ixr,
/{usr/,}bin/* ixr,

You can see I use wildcard, I'm just lazy. You can explicitly specify all needed executables' path here. You should notice "/usr/bin/libreoffice" itself is a shell script. So all it launches is confined by rules of "usr.bin.evince"; I think it is same situation for geogebra

I'm not an expert of apparmor, maybe others have better idea.

EDIT 1

Another idea is, if you don't care apparmor's confinement, you can just put evince into complain mode, which will not confine its actions by:

$ sudo aa-complain /usr/bin/evince

in case you don't have aa-complain, you can install it by:

$ sudo apt install -y apparmor-utils

EDIT 2

Ok, since you have concerns of bypassing apparmor, I think you can do this:

Continue from my original answer, replace those wildcard with exact binary/script needed by /usr/bin/libreoffice - it is actually a symbolic link to /usr/lib/libreoffice/program/soffice;
Reload apparmor to update rules;
Do what you want to do in evince, and check shell output(or syslog) to see which executable is blocked, so you can add it into apparmor rules; Take your example of geogebra, you should add "/usr/bin/basename", "/bin/bash", "/usr/share/geogebra/geogebra" in your apparmor rules;
Repeat 2~4, until you don't see any problems.


synapse is not available for Ubuntu 14.04 . But you can install it by adding Synapse core team PPA.

To install synapse in Ubuntu 14.04, open terminal and type

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:synapse-core/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install synapse

It should install synapse in your system.

EDIT

synapse is now available in Ubuntu Universe repository (See here).
To install it you need to  enable the  universe repository .
Enable it using

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt-get update

and then install synapse using

sudo apt-get install synapse

However above PPA can be used to get the latest version of synapse


Are the flashing instructions on the Ubuntu website safe for Nexus 10?

The instructions on the wiki are more updated, so you should go with what you see there (the second link you posted). Be warned, however, that Ubuntu Touch is still considered a work in progress, and could potentially brick your device.


Is it possible to get a list of most recently installed packages?

Command to list recently installed packages that were installed via any method (apt-get, Software Center et al.):

grep " install " /var/log/dpkg.log

Example output:

2010-12-08 15:48:14 install python-testtools <none> 0.9.2-1
2010-12-08 15:48:16 install quickly-widgets <none> 10.09
2010-12-08 22:21:31 install libobasis3.3-sdk <none> 3.3.0-17
2010-12-09 12:00:24 install mc <none> 3:4.7.0.6-1
2010-12-09 23:32:06 install oggconvert <none> 0.3.3-1ubuntu1
2010-12-09 23:34:50 install mpg123 <none> 1.12.1-3ubuntu1
2010-12-09 23:34:52 install dir2ogg <none> 0.11.8-1
2010-12-09 23:34:53 install faad <none> 2.7-4
2010-12-09 23:34:54 install wavpack <none> 4.60.1-1
2010-12-10 11:53:00 install playonlinux <none> 3.8.6

You could run this command to list only the recently installed package names,

awk '$3~/^install$/ {print $4;}' /var/log/dpkg.log

Command to list history of apt-get (NOTE: this doesn't list dependencies installed, it simply lists previous apt-get commands that were run):

grep " install " /var/log/apt/history.log

Example output:

Commandline: apt-get install libindicate-doc
Commandline: apt-get install googlecl
Commandline: apt-get --reinstall install ttf-mscorefonts-installer
Commandline: apt-get install valac libvala-0.10-dev
Commandline: apt-get install libgtksourceview-dev
Commandline: apt-get install python-sphinx
Commandline: apt-get install python-epydoc
Commandline: apt-get install quickly-widgets
Commandline: apt-get install libreoffice3* libobasis3.3*
Commandline: apt-get install mc


Unable to boot ubuntu 12.04, system does not respond to F? keys to boot from CD

I am assuming you are stating the install dvd is not booting on your system. Im also assuming that you have done a hcl compatibility verification and your pc should normally boot that distro. also when booting hit the key for the boot menu esc f11 and f12 are common ones. Then select boot from cd/dvd

Did you verify the write of the disk when you made it.  Did you make the disk on your pc or another pc.  It is not unusual to see a disk burned on a desktop not read properly on a laptop drive. Different drives don't always read home made disks properly especially laptop drives. You may want to burn another copy on the pc your trying to install to and possibly tell it not to use the fastes write speed, also make sure you have good media and do a verify of the media after burning.


How can I install Nvidia driver 96.43.20?

The recommended method is to use jocky

In your menu System -> Administration -> Additional Drivers

If you wish to go the manual route, and install the binary from Nvidia manually, there is a detailed walk through on this page Nvidia Manual. This involves manually compiling the driver and is not advised. Be warned, if you do this, you will need to re-compile the nvidia driver with each kernel upgrade.


I haven't install kernel but have found this

In the link The code bit --include=iputils-ping is an example of how to add package but you after install the machine in a folder you like, you can chroot in that folder add all apt repo you like and give apt update && apt upgrade or apt install packXXX

To my study I have do this:
$ mkdir -p sviluppo/studio/progetti/docker/immagini/ubuntu19.10
$ cd sviluppo/studio/progetti/docker/immagini/ubuntu19.10
Importan do not forget to do a cd on the future chroot folder like mine above

$ sudo apt policy debootstrap

  debootstrap:   Installato: 1.0.116ubuntu1.1   Candidato:
  1.0.116ubuntu1.1   Tabella versione:  *** 1.0.116ubuntu1.1 500
          500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates/main amd64 Packages
          500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates/main i386 Packages
          100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
       1.0.116ubuntu1 500
          500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan/main amd64 Packages
          500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan/main i386 Packages

Then I have installed ubuntu 19.10 on my folder:
$ sudo debootstrap --verbose eoan ./
$ sudo vim ./etc/apt/sources.list
and change it to:

#deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan main

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-security multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu eoan partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu eoan partner

# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu eoan-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #Non per esseri umani durante la fase di sviluppo del rilascio eoan

Then

# sudo chroot /home/leonardo/sviluppo/studio/progetti/docker/immagini/ubuntu19.10
# sudo apt update
# sudo apt list --upgradable

  file/eoan-updates,eoan-security 1:5.37-5ubuntu0.1 amd64 [upgradable
  from: 1:5.37-5] libfribidi0/eoan-updates,eoan-security
  1.0.5-3.1ubuntu0.19.10.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.0.5-3.1] libmagic-mgc/eoan-updates,eoan-security 1:5.37-5ubuntu0.1 amd64
  [upgradable from: 1:5.37-5] libmagic1/eoan-updates,eoan-security
  1:5.37-5ubuntu0.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:5.37-5]

# sudo apt upgrade
# exit

Regards,
Leonardo


Unmet dependencies for libgl1-mesa-dev while initializing build environment for android

Disable that PPA ... the version numbers indicate these are not Ubuntu archive packages ...


Mount an EBS Volume > 2TB on Ubuntu 18.04

After a bit of experimentation, I can say that the answers to (1) and (2) are "yes" and "yes" — the only real problem is trying to use a large EBS volume as the root volume.
You can indeed mount a 16TB EBS volume without partitions, and Ubuntu 18.04 handles it without problems. Therefore, the easiest thing to do is to create a new, 16TB EBS volume, mount it on the EC2 instance, and copy over the data that you need.

First, you'll want to back up any data that you have on your current volume, just in case. To do this, you'll need to stop the EC2 instance (this is only necessary when snapshotting the root volume). Then, go to the Elastic Block Store Volumes page of the EC2 console, and choose "create snapshot" under "actions". Once finished, restart the EC2 instance. More details here.

Create an EBS volume in the AWS console, configure it with the size and type that you require (gpt3 is good for the specifications in the question, but see "Amazon EBS Volume Types" for more information), and attach it to your running instance. There's no need to stop the instance or touch its configuration at this point.

SSH into the EC2 instance and check that the volume is attached but not mounted:
ubuntu:~$ lsblk
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop1     7:1    0 55.4M  1 loop /snap/core18/1932
loop2     7:2    0 97.9M  1 loop /snap/core/10583
loop3     7:3    0 28.1M  1 loop /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/2333
loop4     7:4    0 32.3M  1 loop /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/2996
loop5     7:5    0 55.4M  1 loop /snap/core18/1944
loop6     7:6    0 97.9M  1 loop /snap/core/10577
xvda    202:0    0 15.6T  0 disk
└─xvda1 202:1    0    2T  0 part /
xvdf    202:80   0   16T  0 disk

Notice that xvda (the root volume) has a partition underneath it (xvda1) and is
mounted at /, whereas the new xvdf volume has neither partition nor mount point.

Fresh EBS volumes have no filesystem, so you need to create one: sudo mkfs -t xfs /dev/xvdf. Take care to reference the proper volume, otherwise you will overwrite data if you attempt to create a new filesystem on a volume which already contains one.

Create a place to mount the volume, I'll call it 'data': sudo mkdir /data.

Mount the volume, and you'll see it appear in the output of df. Optionally, update the fstab file to mount the volume automatically after reboot, as described here.
ubuntu:~$ sudo mount /dev/xvdf /data
ubuntu:~$ df -hT
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev           devtmpfs  7.4G     0  7.4G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.5G  828K  1.5G   1% /run
/dev/xvda1     ext4      2.0T  1.8T  180G  91% /
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.4G     0  7.4G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.4G     0  7.4G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop1     squashfs   56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/1932
/dev/loop3     squashfs   29M   29M     0 100% /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/2333
/dev/loop4     squashfs   33M   33M     0 100% /snap/amazon-ssm-agent/2996
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.5G     0  1.5G   0% /run/user/1000
/dev/loop5     squashfs   56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/1944
/dev/loop6     squashfs   98M   98M     0 100% /snap/core/10577
/dev/loop2     squashfs   98M   98M     0 100% /snap/core/10583
/dev/xvdf      xfs        16T   17G   16T   1% /data

Finally, set the file permissions you need for /data and copy over any files that you would like on the new drive. Consider using rsync here as a less brittle alternative to cp.


It looks like you need to install the kernel source.  Look for linux-source in the software center.  I normally install the headers as well.  They'll be linux-headers-3.5.0-17-generic in the software center.  Then try it again!


I regret choosing to hide a particular error, how can I show it again?

Various logs of errors can be found here:

/var/log

They can be read by opening a Terminal and typing:

cd /var/log
less *name_of_logfile*

The rest of the answer can be found here: How do I enable or disable Apport?

Edit: also you can try to modify particular type of errors by editing /etc/apport/crashdb.conf:

sudo -H gedit /etc/apport/crashdb.conf


Dual-boot Ubuntu sometimes boots to a black screen

This seems to be an issue with initramfs. Changing the compressing from lz4 to gzip did the trick and I haven't booted to a black screen since I posted this question.


mkfs.vfat: unable to open /dev/sdg1: Device or resource busy

Check that your LVM is not stealing the devices:

sudo dmsetup ls

If you see your devices there, simply remove them:

sudo dmsetup remove sdgX


Removing extra option from Boot Manager in "Legacy Mode" after deleting Ubuntu (able to load Windows when boot mode = UEFI)

Legacy boot mode and UEFI boot mode work totally different. You need to understand the basics.

Legacy boot mode

A legacy boot loader is stored in the MBR (first sector of the disk), only one boot-loader can exist at this location.  If you have legacy mode enabled in you UEFI settings and a boot-loader exists in the MBR of a drive, an entry like "SATA HDD : SAMSUMG MZ......" will be added to the EFI boot menu.

You had Ubuntu installed in legacy mode, so you have Grub in the MBR of your drive. Deleting the Ubuntu partition(s) does not remove anything from the MBR, so you still have Grub as a left-over in your MBR. This instance of Grub will refuse to work because it can't find it's configuration files which where located in your Ubuntu partition.

UEFI boot mode

In UEFI boot mode, boot-loaders are stored in the EFI System Partition (ESP), several bootloaders can coexist here, each boot-loader resides in it's own folder in this partition. The EFI boot menu will be populated with entries for each bot-loader, usually the folder-names in the ESP are used then.

If you have both boot modes enabled, your EFI boot menu will be populated with the entries for both boot modes, that should be trivial.

Solutions

The safest way is to disable legacy boot mode. You don't need to have legacy boot mode enabled if your OS is installed in UEFI boot mode. This will boot faster ( the compatibility support module (CSM) doesn't need to be loaded) and reduces the clutter in your EFI boot menu. You can re-enable legacy boot mode whenever you need it though. It will also prevent you from installing Ubuntu in the wrong boot mode.
If you insist on leaving legacy boot mode enabled, adjust the boot order in your UEFI settings to boot Windows first.
Overwrite the first 446 Byte of your MBR with zeros. This is a quite dangerous action, a simple typo might leave you with a disaster and I strongly recommend not to do so. You could achieve that with booting your Ubuntu installer (try without installing), find out the correct drive name with sudo fdisk -l and overwrite Grub with sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdx bs=446 count=1 (you have to replace sdx with the correct drive name of course). If you do so, do it on your own risk, you've been warned.


Go to system settings. Select sound (under the section hardware). Then change the output to HDMI.


After struggling with this, I found that instead of using dev/mapper/* you can use dev/dm-0 which is to the right of the mapper identification. Once I did this it worked great. No need to install on different drives.


If anyone's still watching this post, I found an answer to this question and posted an answer here:
Cannot change brightness

Hope this helps.


Picasa packages for Ubuntu are no longer available

This is because Picasa is no longer distributed for Linux. Complain to google about that :-(

Alternatively, you can install Picasa for Windows using Wine. You can find instructions for example here. I don't mean the first answer (which tells you to use ubuntu repositories that are no longer available), but the one with the title "To install Picasa 3.9" further down the page.


Is there anything I can do to stop NTP DDoS

DDoS attacks are very difficult to defend against.  Even very sophisticated computing environments are routinely taken down by them.

Mitigating the effects of a DDoS attack can be done by employing an Intrusion Detection System (IDS).  The details on how to create one can be found at various web sites that deal with Internet security.

In most cases you just have to wait out a DD0S attack or have some sort of a fail over scheme where a mirror machine takes over

In the case of an attack on NTP, you might get some measure of relief by killing the ntp daemon.

sudo service ntp stp

And also

sudo ufw deny ntp

However, these steps may provide little relief.  Blocking udp port 123 at your border firewall or router may be slightly more helpful.


Conky goes full screen on auto start, but not when opened regularly

So it seems like the issue was that Conky would sometimes start before I had my internet connection established.  I'm not 100% why not having an internet connection would cause Conky to go full screen though, but I think the reason I was seeing weird C code type information was because there was no internet connection.

I've noticed that as long as I have an internet connection established before Conky starts, then everything runs fine.


My Friend and I just realized: there was a problem with git not pushing a specific change that fixed this. There was a blank line that wasn't originally redirected to $fileName , and you can see there is a redirect now. When I committed and pushed got decided not to take that with it I guess.


How to Enable dragging files on custom application on launcher?

All you have to do is editing the .desktop file of your application launcher.
Browse for Komodo in /usr/share/applications/ and open it with your favourite text editor running as root (e.g. type sudo gedit on the terminal).

What you have to focus on is the MimeType= part (add it if it doesn't exist): add application/x-php to the key, wich will let you drag and drop PHP files to Komodo, and then save the .desktop file.

For instance, your MimeType key should look like this: MimeType=text/plain;application/x-php;

More information about Desktop Entry Files syntax here. A full list of Mime Types and their corresponding suffixes here.


Why is it possible to move a running program in Ubuntu?

Let me break it down.

When you run an executable, a sequence of system calls are executed, most notably fork() and execve():

fork() creates a child process of the calling process, which is (mostly) an exact copy of the parent, both still running the same executable (using copy-on-write memory pages, so it's efficient).  It returns twice: In the parent, it returns the child PID.  In the child, it returns 0.  Normally, the child process calls execve right away:
execve() takes a full path to the executable as an argument and replaces the calling process with the executable.  At this point the newly created process gets its own virtual address space i.e. virtual memory, and execution begins at its entry point (in a state specified by the platform ABI's rules for fresh processes).

At this point, the kernel's ELF loader has mapped the text and data segments of the executable into memory, as if it had used the mmap() system call (with shared read-only and private read-write mappings respectively).  The BSS is also mapped as if with MAP_ANONYMOUS.  (BTW, I'm ignoring dynamic linking here for simplicity: The dynamic linker open()s and mmap()s all the dynamic libraries before jumping to the main executable's entry point.)

Only a few pages are actually loaded into memory from disk before a newly-exec()ed starts running its own code.  Further pages are demand paged in as needed, if/when the process touches those parts of its virtual address space.  (Pre-loading any pages of code or data before starting to execute user-space code is just a performance optimization.)

The executable file is identified by the inode on the lower level.  After the file has started to be executed, the kernel keeps the file content intact by the inode reference, not by file name, like for open file descriptors or file-backed memory mappings.  So you can easily move the executable to another location of the filesystem or even on a different filesystem.  As a side note, to check process's various stat you can peek into the /proc/PID (PID is the Process ID of the given process) directory.  You can even open the executable file as /proc/PID/exe, even it's been unlinked from disk.

Now let's dig down the moving:

When you move a file within a same filesystem, the system call that is executed is rename(), which just renames the file to another name, the file's inode remain the same.

Whereas between two different filesystems, two things happen:

The content of the file in copied first to the new location, by read() and write()
After that, the file is unlinked from the source directory using unlink() and obviously the file will get a new inode on the new filesystem.

rm is actually just unlink()-ing the given file from the directory tree, so having the write permission on the directory will get you sufficient right to remove any file from that directory.

Now for fun, imagine what happens when you are moving files between two filesytems and you do not have permission to unlink() the file from source?

Well, the file will be copied to the destination at first (read(), write()) and then unlink() will fail due to insufficient permission. So, the file will remain in both filesystems!!


How can I change Chrome's title bar text?

The title bar in chrome (or any browser) is typically set by the webpage. Your going to have a very hard time overriding that.

If you switch to gnome 3 there are ways to fool the system into displaying an empty title bar. There is no way to do this in unity that I am aware of, and no way to do it application specific without removing window decorations. If your willing to remove window decorations then you can try Maximus for gnome 3 or develspie. There are other programs and scripts that will let you modify window proprieties. The one your looking for is "undecorate".

You could of course compile your own window manager and just change the parts that display the window title. However that's pretty advanced.  If your just trying to stop prying eyes you could write a quick chromium extension that sets a title to "".


I have issues connecting to Internet in Ubuntu 12.10

If you are having trouble connecting to you wireless try going to edit connections. then go to IPV6 setting and change method to Ignore.

If that doesn't help try to find a way to install "WICD network manager". This could be accomplished by plugging into you network directly.

If you still have a problem you are probably looking at a driver error for you wireless network card.


How to make my own command with parameters

You can create really small bash script:

#!/bin/bash
javac "$1"
java `basename "$1" .java`

Put this to /usr/local/bin/runjava.sh, and execute

sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/runjava.sh

Then you can just type

runjava.sh filename.java

to compile and run it.

Alternatively, you can put runjava.sh (or your own name to it) to ~/bin folder. If that folder do not exist, you can create it with command mkdir ~/bin. After opening new terminal, it's in your PATH automatically (assuming Ubuntu and bash, without .bashrc customizations).

First method adds it to all users in your system, second one only to you.


How to I make Cisco WebEx work with 13.10 64bit?

From this post, here is a step-by-step method that might work:

Install JDK.
Configure Java plugin for browser (no need for a 32-bit JDK or Firefox).
Start a WebEx to create .so files inside $HOME/.webex/????/.
Check for unresolved .so dependencies:
ldd $HOME/.webex/????/*.so > $HOME/check.txt

Search for missing libraries:
grep "not found" $HOME/check.txt | sort | uniq
Review the libraries; for example:
libasound.so.2 => not found
libjawt.so => not found
libXmu.so.6 => not found
libXtst.so.6 => not found
libXv.so.1 => not found

Find the corresponding packages:
sudo apt-get install apt-file
sudo apt-file update

Locate that package that contains the missing libraries:
apt-file search libXmu.so.6
apt-file search libjawt.so

Install the missing libraries, for example:
sudo apt-get install -y libxmu6:i386
sudo apt-get install -y libasound2:i386
sudo apt-get install -y libxv1:i386
sudo apt-get install -y libxtst6:i386
sudo apt-get install -y libgcj12-awt:i386


Worked here make certain your drive is correct the hd0,gpt1 I had mine wrong on the first try but after I seen it work with a direct loading on my EFI boot menu I knew it was something stupid I did in the configuration. If wanting to do the direct, from the in my case F12 boot menu do the below. You do not even need to change the line if it is the sda your install is on. Use the -o command to put the new entry last in the order and keep you existing boot order.
root@zeus-H370M:~# efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0004
Timeout: 2 seconds
BootOrder: 0004,0000,0005
Boot0000* OpenCore  HD(1,GPT,f2d84cb4-e597-4ac4-a2b2-10f0351c8784,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\OC\OPENCORE.EFI)
Boot0004* ubuntu    HD(1,GPT,9fad4e77-177d-4a3c-929a-3897e6bc1810,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\UBUNTU\SHIMX64.EFI)
Boot0005* UEFI OS   HD(1,GPT,f2d84cb4-e597-4ac4-a2b2-10f0351c8784,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\BOOT\BOOTX64.EFI)..BO
root@zeus-H370M:~# efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda  -L "MemTest86" -l '\EFI\memtest86\BOOTX64.EFI'
BootCurrent: 0004
Timeout: 2 seconds
BootOrder: 0001,0004,0000,0005
Boot0000* OpenCore
Boot0004* ubuntu
Boot0005* UEFI OS
Boot0001* MemTest86
root@zeus-H370M:~# efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0004
Timeout: 2 seconds
BootOrder: 0001,0004,0000,0005
Boot0000* OpenCore  HD(1,GPT,f2d84cb4-e597-4ac4-a2b2-10f0351c8784,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\OC\OPENCORE.EFI)
Boot0001* MemTest86 HD(1,GPT,9fad4e77-177d-4a3c-929a-3897e6bc1810,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\memtest86\BOOTX64.EFI)
Boot0004* ubuntu    HD(1,GPT,9fad4e77-177d-4a3c-929a-3897e6bc1810,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\UBUNTU\SHIMX64.EFI)
Boot0005* UEFI OS   HD(1,GPT,f2d84cb4-e597-4ac4-a2b2-10f0351c8784,0x28,0x64000)/File(\EFI\BOOT\BOOTX64.EFI)..BO
root@zeus-H370M:~# efibootmgr -o 0004,0000,0005,0001
BootCurrent: 0004
Timeout: 2 seconds
BootOrder: 0004,0000,0005,0001
Boot0000* OpenCore
Boot0001* MemTest86
Boot0004* ubuntu
Boot0005* UEFI OS


How to set Guake as preferred terminal emulator for "Run in Terminal"?

You could probably enjoy running gconf-editor — or maybe even dconf-editor since 12.04, — and navigate directly to the org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal key:

The exec-arg parameter must be changed to Guake's -e. For the lazy:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec 'guake --new-tab'
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec-arg '-e'


Is this prompt a problem please excuse my ignorance

Not a problem to you.  It is only a warning, and that is something that Google has to fix by upgrading their keys.

More information can be found here.

There has also been a bug filed.  Feel free to star it to help push the bug along.


Network really slow with TL-WN951N wireless card

There is a known bug where the rtl-818x wifi card shows very weak signal, and weak signal = slow wireless. I've posted a FIX at bugs.launchpad.net, so maybe it could help you. That bug-fix was for the driver RTL8180, but yours is RTL8111/8168B. So, it you want to give it a try, download and execute the script to fix your network card driver:

wget -c "https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/275230/+attachment/1801830/+files/rtl8185-weak_signal_fix.sh" -O /tmp/rtl818x-weak_signal_fix.sh
sh /tmp/rtl818x-weak_signal_fix.sh


It's not yet clear what fixed my problem but it seems to work. There are a bunch of things that appear to have to come together for it to work well. I am somewhat puzzled why this has to be this hard.

It seems that having options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1 in /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi helps.
Suggestions in this thread seem to help, given that we started having these issues since Trusty.
Experimenting with country regulatory domain (as explained here) seems to have helped.
I also tried with a few kernels, not sure if that helped. Right now, I am using the kernel that Trusty comes with (3.14.1-031401-generic)

All of this is empirical, as you can see. But it seems to help. I am updating this answer using the same wireless card that was not working at all.


change directory, subdirectory, folder and file permissions in ubuntu GUI

how i can bulk change directory, folder and file permissions in Ubuntu using the GUI.

What you want to do is a admin task so you need nautilus in administration mode. From a terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+T or dash, "terminal") issue:

sudo nautilus

enter password;
navigate to directory
Right click on empty space in the main window of nautilus
Click on properties and go to tab permissions
Change permissons to what you need

Example of a random directory from my system (/var/tmp/):

The highlighted part does the files inside the directory.

2 comments:

Linux is multi user so we need to do this in a different way than Windows does. Our method has to also take into account that there are more than 1 user on the system (and in single user mode there is still you as user and you as administrator).
Do not forget to exit Nautilus. Using it as administrator can destroy your system.


Computer freezes after local web content is accessed from another device

Looks like it was due to some bug in the Linux kernel.

Previously, I was using kernel of version 4.13.0-1012-oem. I manually installed 4.15.0-65-lowlatency. After the update, I am not facing the problem of system freezing.

If anyone is facing similar problem, I suggest you to install new version of Linux kernel.


Because of the video codecs it ships with. Some of those are NOT open source and are NOT free and for software to be in Universe it needs to be completely free.

This on MythTV will also be a showstopper:

  OpenCable devices are available to access encrypted content on U.S. cable systems, but as this is a full DRM system, and not just CA like DVB CI, every piece of hardware and software on the playback chain must be tested and licensed by CableLabs. At current, Windows Media Center is the only DVR software to meet these requirements, and only it, and other software using its recording libraries, can use these devices. In 2010, CableLabs relaxed the DRM restrictions allowing unlicensed devices to record copy freely content using these devices, however it is still entirely up to cable operators what content they provide flagged as such.

-> never going to end up in "universe"


SIP / VoIP account to Empathy in 14.04 (rakia or sofiasip)?

In my case, installing telepathy-rakia was enough to be able to add a SIP account. I also installed account-plugin-sip afterwards but did not notice any difference (yet).


Can I save installed packages when I need to reinstall Ubuntu?

Install SystemBack and backup all your ubuntu system.

You save it as a .iso file and install it like usually (usb or cd).

Here you will keep all your applications, session, configurations, and if you want, your personal data (photos, files,etc).

In terminal:

sudo apt-add-repository --yes ppa:nemh/systemback
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install systemback


Ubuntu 14.04 login loop Unity terminated with status 1

Nobody properly explained the fact that there's a button on the login screen I can press to change desktop environments to access the lubuntu desktop environment I previously installed.

xfce/xubuntu and lxde/lubuntu work, cinnamon unfortunately does not. Unity being the awful mess it is doesn't and is why I went through this all.


Why does Update Manager show software not previously installed?

It means that the tomcat8 package is installed in your system. Not necessarily with Tomcat application.

It can be a dependency of some other package.

You can check it by

apt-cache rdepends tomcat8


Japanese Input Ubuntu 18.04 Applications installed via Snap

Possible solution
To try to resolve your question with IBUS IMF and MOZC IME, you need to re-switch the input method for each opened window.
Or you can set the configuration to switch the input method for all opened windows at one time by:

Gnome system settings
Region & Language side-menu
options button.
Switch:

from: Allow different sources for each window radio-button;
to: Use the same source for all windows radio-button.

With that, all opened windows will use your selected input method.
Context
About it be a snap specific problem, It seems to be a bug not resolved.
I searched at ibus, mozc issue trackers. Yet, I searched at Snapcraft issue tracker too, specifically: an old discussion, about Skype, about mozc and ibus.
Alternative solutions:
Others japanese IMEs to substitute MOZC are:

Anthy: sudo apt install ibus-anthy.
KKC: sudo apt install ibus-kkc.
SKK: sudo apt install ibus-skk.

And to substitute IBUS as an input method framework (IMF) can be:

Fcitx: sudo apt install fcitx.

you will need to install all japanese IMEs again, like:

sudo apt install fcitx-mozc.
sudo apt install fictx-kkc.
sudo apt install fictx-skk.

A list of IMF can be found in:

List of input methods for Unix platforms
Linux input method framework brief summary


Ubuntu 12.04 Realtek RTL8188E Wireless Card Not Detected

Please get a temporary wired ethernet connection and do:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential

I suggest you download this to your desktop: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/backports/stable/v3.12.2/backports-3.12.2-1.tar.bz2 Right-click it and select 'Extract Here.' Now open a terminal and do:

cd ~/Desktop/backports-3.12.2-1/
make defconfig-rtlwifi
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rtl8188ee

Your wireless should now be working. You will have compiled the driver for your currently running kernel only. When Update Manager installs a later linux-image, after reboot, re-compile:

cd ~/Desktop/backports-3.12.2-1/
make clean
make defconfig-rtlwifi
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rtl8188ee

If the message logs say you need firmware:

dmesg | grep rtl

Download and install it with:

wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu//pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.106_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb
sudo modprobe -r rtl8188ee && sudo modprobe rtl8188ee


Can't get slanger to start as an Upstart service

Create a new service:
sudo nano slanger.service in  /etc/systemd/system$

[Unit]
Description=Slanger Server

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/bin/slanger
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/slanger --app_key 123 --secret 123

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=slanger.service

Use those to start and stop:

sudo service slanger start
sudo service slanger status

If need to change slanger path:
which slanger


How can i modify my Grub 1.99 configurations to install a new kernel?

So you didn't create .deb packages , am I right? Because if you did create , then just install the packages and update-grub and should be fine.

You can update grub with the command below (in terminal)

sudo update-grub

Or else have a look here: BodhiZazen.com - tutorials - Kernel compile/install.


The solution is a bit painful, but I at least got everything back up and running again. Here's what I had to do:

Run akonadictl stop to stop akonadi
Remove everything under ~/.local/share/akonadi
Remove everything under ~/.config/akonadi
Restart akonadi

After restarting akonadi, it took a good 15 minutes to resync everything. However, the CPU usage during the sync was about 40% per daemon, much better than 100%.


So this is what I did in the end:

While logged in with access to unencrypted data, I copied all the data to a external HDD using rsync.
ATTENTION: the first attempt copied all the data, but when I checked the data 70% was in binary form (even pictures, text files etc ...) and not useful, so I erased the external HDD and start over, the second time it worked (I have no clue what was wrong the first time), but it is very very important to DOUBLE CHECK the copied files if you plan to tamper with the original data.
Make a list with all the programs installed.
I did it manually from "Software Center", because I wanted to have the installed history available, you can use dpkg -l > textfile or other commands to give you ALL packages installed and then reinstall them via aptitude install $(cat <textfile>). Of course you need to move the textfile to the new installation.
Install the same OS version in onto the new HDD, using the same name for your user account.
Mount the external drive and copy everything to the new HDD
ATENTION: If you do this from GUI, do not overwrite your home dir, just put it with a different name for example /home/YOURNAME.orig, and after all files are copied, go to ctrl+alt+F2, log in the machins, stop the gui (for normal ubuntu 12.04 the command is service lightdm stop, mv your old home on top of the new one mv /home/YOURNAME.orig /home/YOURNAME, and start X again service lightdm start.

Here you can see the power of Linux's /home dir, everything was back in place, icons, settings, applications specific settings, even cached data :), and I only had a downtime of about 4 hours (because the first copy failed).

Hope this helps, I still consider this a faster and safer approach compared to resizing the encrypted HDD.


My computer is stuck in Ubuntu Start up screen and doesn't start

thank you for your help and answer, I did not fully understand what it was i should change once I got into that menu, however at last I did find an instruction to fix problems by the live CD, well, just did it, so just restarted th computer succesfully once, so lets see how it develops but I belive it might have worked. However I did as the link said, get Ubuntu by the Live CD, "as new" then press "try Ubuntu" instead of install, then just follow the commands in terminal and do as it say:
https://linuxconfig.org/ubuntu-boot-repair


In the end I did not use the PPA since the author clearified its purpose.

  please note that the Boost packages in my PPA are not based on the
  official 1.48 release of boost.

  We are developing a new CMake-based build system for the Boost C++
  Libraries that can create component-based installers.

  My PPA currently is used for testing whether the package generation
  using our new build system is working. Whether the generated packages
  are working is currently not tested. If you are looking for a stable
  Boost release, you should not use this PPA.

  I suggest you compile boost yourself. It is actually quite easy.
  You don't need to call install and you don't need admin rights. Just
  download the boost sources, exctract them and in a terminal window
  call:

  $ ./bootstrap.sh $
  ./b2

  Then set the BOOST_ROOT environment variable to the path where you
  extracted boost. You now should be able to build Gource.

Nevertheless, there are some details that I needed to take care of regarding Gource. I will post them in a short while since I need to look them up again.


My username, password and i.p. were public. Was I hacked?

Take it down, reinstall from scratch, reinstall apps, reconfigure them, restore your data from a date before the keys to the kingdom were given away.

You can use any number of methods to look for script kiddies and other misinformed misbehaviour, but if you were rooted well, you won't know it.

FYI, your IP address is issued by your Internet Service Provider. Unless you paid extra for a static IP address, it is almost certainly assigned dynamically, and almost certainly changed by the ISP when your interface device (Cable or DSL 'modem') is reset.


Build deb package for Ubuntu 18.04 and 20.04: dependencies issues

Open the terminal and type:
In Ubuntu 18.04 copy the my-package-1.0.0.deb file to your desktop. Open the terminal and type:
sudo apt update
cd ~/Desktop/
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-10/gcc-10-base_10-20200411-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gcc-10/libgcc-s1_10-20200411-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/glew/libglew2.1_2.1.0-4_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./gcc-10-base_10-20200411-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ./libgcc-s1_10-20200411-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ./libglew2.1_2.1.0-4_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./my-package-1.0.0.deb

The above commands will also work on all currently supported versions of Ubuntu. This a fortunate situation. In general don't expect one set of magic commands to work on all currently supported versions of Ubuntu because package dependencies and package dependencies version requirements may be different for the same package in different Ubuntu releases.
In Ubuntu 20.04 the dependency packages are already available in the default Ubuntu repositories so the steps are even easier. Open the terminal, change directories with cd to the directory that contains my-package-1.0.0.deb, and type:
sudo apt install ./my-package-1.0.0.deb


How to keep grub independent of all the OSes?

The problem with a multiple-Linux-distribution configuration is that you'll end up with multiple GRUB installations, which is redundant and confusing. Each distribution will set its own GRUB up as the default and configure it either to chainload other distributions' GRUBs or to boot their kernels directly (or maybe to do both things). There are problems with this:

When you boot a distribution whose GRUB is not the primary one and update its kernel, chances are the controlling GRUB's configuration will not be updated. If the controlling GRUB boots other distributions' kernels directly and if kernel updates happen often enough, the distribution with updated kernels may stop booting because the original kernels will be gone. Even if the distribution continues to boot, it will be via an older kernel that may have security or other problems. You'll then have to go to the distribution whose GRUB is in charge and run update-grub (or something equivalent) to get it working again. A chainload configuration is more robust against such problems, so if you have a choice, that's how I'd set it up.
After an update to their own GRUB packages, many distributions will try to reset their own GRUBs as the default. The result can be that which GRUB boots first will change every now and then. If one does a better job than the others, you'll then have to use efibootmgr to reset the boot priorities from time to time.
If you delete the distribution whose GRUB launches by default, chances are its GRUB will stop working. (This isn't always the case, since it depends on where GRUB stores its configuration files, but it's the way most distributions set things up.) You can bypass this problem by using the firmware's built-in boot manager, but it's still a nuisance -- and a serious problem for users who don't know how to use the firmware's boot manager. (After the first boot when this happens, you'd need to install another distribution or use efibootmgr to set another GRUB as the default to avoid having to use the firmware's boot manager.)

These problems are not insurmountable, but they are nuisances. Setting up one boot manager as the default bypasses these issues, but usually requires manual configuration that's likely to take more effort than it does to overcome the problems I've just described. rEFInd (which I maintain) is designed to bypass these problems by being less dependent on configuration files. In particular, rEFInd does not need per-kernel configuration, which every other Linux boot loader I know of does need. Instead, rEFInd relies on a configuration file that provides options that apply to every kernel in a given directory. This requires some explicit up-front configuration when you install a distribution, but that's a matter of running one script that comes with rEFInd (mkrlconf). Thereafter, when you upgrade your kernel, rEFInd doesn't need reconfiguration; it just takes the old options and applies them to the new kernel. (Note that GRUB does need reconfiguration after a kernel update. Ubuntu hides this by running scripts to do the reconfiguration as part of the kernel update/installation process -- but as noted earlier, these scripts update just one GRUB's configuration, which might not be the one that needs to be updated.)

If you install rEFInd, you'll still have the issue of each distribution trying to set its own GRUB as the default. There are usually ways around this, though. For Ubuntu, rather than booting the installation medium and selecting the option to install directly, you should boot to the "try before installing" mode, open a Terminal window, and then type ubiquity -b. This will run the installer and tell it to not install GRUB. The same trick can obviously also be used if you want some other distribution's GRUB to handle everything. To boot after installing in this way, rEFInd will have to have already been installed; or you could boot with rEFInd on a USB flash drive or CD-R and install it then.

You may want to figure out how easy it is to disable GRUB in each distribution you plan to install. Using that information, in conjunction with your own plans and priorities, you can decide which one(s) you want to install and which ones you want to bypass.

Another option to all of this is to use virtualization, like VirtualBox. If you've got enough memory, you can run half a dozen distributions simultaneously in virtual machines while another controls the computer as a whole. This approach bypasses boot loader conflicts, making configuration much simpler -- each OS is entirely in charge of its own "computer."


"Initramfs unpacking failed: Decoding failed" while trying to use a bootable usb

This problem is common with earlier Groovy 20.10 installs. I understand that it has been fixed in later dailies. 20.10 is currently beyond the scope of Ask Ubuntu. See bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-cdimage
(Someone commented this instead of putting an answer so i did it)


Upgrading from Ubuntu 12.04 to 14.04.1 LTS

Copy and paste this into your " /etc/apt/sources.list " file and then run

This will no-longer include software from hardy but it will get the job done.

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140204)]/ dists/precise/main/binary-i386/

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140204)]/ dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140204)]/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.gigenet.com/ubuntuarchive/ precise main restricted #Added by software-properties

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.gigenet.com/ubuntuarchive/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.gigenet.com/ubuntuarchive/ precise multiverse universe #Added by software-properties

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.gigenet.com/ubuntuarchive/ precise universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.gigenet.com/ubuntuarchive/ precise multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.

deb http://mirrors.gigenet.com/ubuntuarchive/ precise-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.gigenet.com/ubuntuarchive/ precise-security restricted main multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.gigenet.com/ubuntuarchive/ precise-security universe
deb http://mirrors.gigenet.com/ubuntuarchive/ precise-security multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ precise partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ precise partner
#deb http://hu.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe
#deb-src http://hu.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe
#deb http://hu.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe
#deb-src http://hu.old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.gigenet.com/ubuntuarchive/ precise-updates restricted main multiverse universe
deb-src http://mirrors.gigenet.com/ubuntuarchive/ precise-updates restricted main multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.gigenet.com/ubuntuarchive/ precise-proposed restricted main multiverse universe

Then run

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade && sudo do-release-upgrade


As @Tuminoid guessed and the OP realized in his comment here, his home directory is encrypted.

Now @Tuminoid correctly pointed out in his comment that the easiest fix for the issue is to simply move the files needed for the service to run from the home directory to any location that is available all the time, not only while the specific user is logged in and has his home directory decrypted.


Random freezes and shut down problems on hp laptop

From the comments...

To disable the AMD Radeon video card, try this...

In terminal...

sudo -H gedit /etc/modprobe.d/radeon.conf # create a file

Enter this into the file:

blacklist radeon

Save the file and quit gedit.

reboot # reboot the computer


How do I install 32-bit perl-tgicl 2.1.1?

Actually all of the missing packages are in repositories. dpkg can not handle dependencies itself. You must provide them. Use that command:

  sudo apt-get -f install

So all the dependencies will be installed alongside with perl-tgicl.

Those packages are not suitable for an i386 system I think. So we'll follow this thread.
First, install those two packages:

  sudo apt-get install libfile-homedir-perl libfile-spec-perl

After installing those just extract the perl-tgicl_2.1-1_all.deb package to you home directory. You can do this by moving the .deb file to your home directory and right click->Extract here. You should have a directory named perl-tgicl_2.1-1_all now.

Drop that directory via:

  cd ~/perl-tgicl_2.1-1_all

and copy the executables to /usr/local/bin

  sudo cp usr/bin/* /usr/local/bin

Copy the config file to /etc

  sudo cp etc/tgicl.cfg /etc

Set the perl5 libs:

  export PERL5LIB=/your_home_directory_path/perl-tgicl_2.1-1_all/usr/share/perl5:$PERL5LIB

Change here the bolded part. ie, if your user name is daniel use /home/daniel.

Note: If you have perl5 installed I think /usr/share/perl5 path works here either.

I achieved to run the tgicl but there must be an input file I think to try it. If you have one (I think you have) just comment out DB_FILE line in the config file that you copied in /etc. Then use your input file from command line.


How do I add my own program to the terminal?

Add an alias to ~/.bashrc:

<<< "alias mypythonscript='python <path_to_python_script>'" tee -a ~/.bashrc

*<path_to_script> = path to your python script

Then update ~/.bashrc:

. ~/.bashrc

This way you'll be able to call your script from any bash instance by running mypythonscript


How do I install CrashPlan with a Unity Launcher icon?

Download CrashPlan for Linux, saving the .tgz archive on your Desktop.

Double-click on the file to open it with Archive Manager, then extract it to the Desktop.
You should have a folder now named 'CrashPlan-install' on your Desktop.

Open the Terminal and navigate to the folder containing the installer. Run the install script, using the default choices:

cd ~/Desktop/CrashPlan-install
sudo ./install.sh

After it finishes, you need to do three things.

Edit the .desktop file (to make it compatible with the Unity Launcher).
Copy it to  .local/share/applications.
Drag it from .local/share/applications onto the launcher.

Edit the .desktop file first:

gedit ~/Desktop/CrashPlan-install/scripts/CrashPlan.desktop

Add the line 'StartupWMClass=CrashPlan' at the end, so it looks like this:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=CrashPlan
Categories=;
Comment=CrashPlan Desktop
Comment[en_CA]=CrashPlan Desktop
Exec=/usr/local/bin/CrashPlanDesktop
Icon=/usr/local/crashplan/skin/icon_app_128x128.png
Hidden=false
Terminal=false
Type=Application
GenericName[en_CA]=
StartupWMClass=CrashPlan

Save, and exit the text editor. Now copy the file:

cp ~/Desktop/CrashPlan-install/scripts/CrashPlan.desktop ~/.local/share/applications

The last part is the easiest. Open your /home folder in Nautilus, and press Ctrl+H to show hidden files.

Now just go to .local/share/applications, grab the icon with your mouse, and drag it to the Unity Launcher.

Credit to @451F 's answer here, which I based this on.


I'm having the same issue.  Just bought this laptop yesterday.  Lenovo B570, bestbuy.
However, I'm using (trying to use) Kubuntu, just to be difficult.  After install issues
(blank screens, having to do blind walk on keyboard through parts of install) , it works fine for wired interface at least.

Waltinator's idea doesn't help. b43 shows up with lsmod.  The network-manager widget-tray "thing" doesn't keep the "Enable wireless" box checked. After about a 1/2 sec after clicking it, it "un-checks" itself.

I have not replaced the stock drivers from kubuntu 11.10, per sagarchalise's suggestion because I wasn't initially convinced that the stock drivers aren't working.

Let me explain; this is what I've tried, right or wrong.  The method to my madness is to forget about the GUI stuff when something isn't working and do it from the command line.
All this done as root.

stop network-manager //kill network-manger gui, so doesn't conflict with our cli

ifconfig  // doesn't show wlan0

ifconfig  wlan0 up // turn on wireless

ifconfig // wlan0 shows up now

iwlist scan // wlan0 interface sees my wireless AP, so it's mostly receiving

iwconfig wlan0 essid what_ever_your_network_name_is // note i'm working without
//encryption, which is a whole 'nother can of worms

dhclient wlan0 //get an ip address for wlan0

ifconfig wlan0 //shows our ip address

ping 192.168.1.1 //ping to router works, right??

... no, not really... extremely slow if at all.  Re-boots of machine have this very
inconsistent.  Sometimes hangs at dhclient.  Did actually get a website to load 1/2 way before it died.  Then DNS wasn't working to ping it, either. So I'm thinking  sagarchalise may be right, but then it didn't help Naidu.

Naidu, does any of this command line testing work any different for you, with your different drivers??

The ping left running is extremely flakely... dropping pings for 10's of secs, then starts to work for a while..

Thanks, Steve

New status:

OK, I'm editing this now from the Lenovo B570 over the wireless link: it's working.

I let the ping to my local router run for like 5 minutes, and now it's solid.
There is plenty of info in dmesg, but I hesitate to just cut & paste that large dmesg into the window here.  In short, it does say "ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready" So it's a complete hack, who knows if I can repeat it after a power cycle.

Thanks, Steve


To install Ubuntu from a USB drive, you should:

Plug your USB Drive
Boot your computer

Then your computer should automatically show a welcome screen prompting you to choose your language and giving you the option to either install Ubuntu or try Ubuntu from the USB.

ELSE you might need to change the device from which the computer starts up to the USB.
You can usually do this by watching for a message appearing when your computer starts to boot:

You should be invited to change the boot device. Once you’ve selected that option, follow the instructions on screen.
Or you have to press F12 or Escape while your computer is starting up to change your boot device order.

Depending on your computer and how your USB key was formatted, you should see an entry for removable drive or USB media. Move this to the top of the list to force the computer to start from USB rather than the hard disk. Save your changes and continue.

Info from Install Ubuntu


How do I hide the Unity Launcher when Clementine is running?

Here's a workaround: select a track in the library pane in Clementine, then drag it towards the left side of the screen, 'pushing' the launcher away. The launcher should disappear, and might behave ok for a little while longer. The problem sometimes is that after this trick, it is difficult to get the launcher to appear long enough when you really want it. So the workaround for the workaround is: play around with the launcher until it works. (For instance, get into another app like Firefox, select and drag text to the Ubuntu logo in the top left corner.)

I think the bug in Clementine happens when you drag a track to the playlist, so try double-clicking the track instead. (In fact, I get the same bug in several other apps when I try to drag and drop files or text).


Gtk theme change doesn't apply to kde apps?

Since QT and GTK are two distinct toolkits to create GUIs, what applies to the first doesn't necessarily apply to the last, and vice versa. GTK+ themes apply to applications that are built using the GTK+ toolkit, and the QT themes apply only to apps built using the QT framework. Unless an application is compatible with GTK, it won't adopt a GTK theme. What qtconfig does is imitate GTK themes in the QT framework.It still can't apply properly the GTK theme to a QT item. As for why it didn't work, are you sure you have the proper qtconfig? There are two, one for QT 3 and another for Qt 4. for KDE 4 apps you need the latter. I've changed the QT themes from qtconfig to GTK+ and they did change but they still look fake and don't have the GTK touch to them.


How do I put a new installed program on the dock?

Click the box of dots at the lower left. Then use the search option to find the new program. Then right click and select Add to Favorites. But sometimes the program just shows small icons. In that case there is no right click option ... I don't know what to do about that. An example is "Wine".


Run the following script in terminal to reconfigure unity. It might helps you.

sudo dpkg-reconfigure unity


In Ubuntu version 18.04, and maybe earlier (didn't try), you can find global shortcuts that are different but quite intuitive anyway:

Super + Up for Maximize
Super + Down for Restore (un-maximize)
Super + Left for View split on left
Super + Right for View split on right

While I was also very used to the original sequence Ctrl+Space, X, I found these shortcuts useful enough so that it did not cost much pain to learn it.
HTH.


Most likely the handler is already instantiated at the time your extension overrides the template from which it was already constructed. You will need to hunt down the running instance and override that, not the library template.


Swap priority gets set to -1 on each boot

Please follow my instructions that I have used and got a successful result.

Power on the PC and log on to the desktop.
Open a terminal and achieve root privilege.  (sudo -s)
Run fdisk -l to list disk partition table. Note your swap partition. Here your's /dev/sda7
Run blkid /dev/sda7 to get the block id of the partition. Copy the UUID. The output is something like this

/dev/sda7: UUID="918d334c-ca76-4e6a-b950-d44b4671dbc5" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="7b892b40-0b"

Run swapoff -a to off the swap partition.
Run vim /etc/fstab. There, comment your current fstab entry (with #) and paste the following and ensure it with your UUID:

UUID="918d334c-ca76-4e6a-b950-d44b4671dbc5"    none    swap    sw,pri=100    0    0 :wq

Save and exit
Run swapon -a to enable swap partition
Run swapon -s to display swap summary
Reboot the pc and ensure again that your swap partition is enabled and with the same priority.


Kazam shortcut keys not working in Gnome 3

You should be able to use the default screen-caster (it might be the same thing... I don't know...) that comes with Gnome - just use the keyboard shortcut: Ctrl+Shift+Alt+R

If you go the 'Keyboard' settings and then 'shortcut', you can change this shortcut:

You can also remove any other keyboard short-cuts that may override the ones you specified.

More here


SD Card vanished after placement of .nomedia file

If you download and install gparted from the Software Centre, that should help you recover or reformat the usb drive and hopefully its contents.


Alright I have it sorted out. I will just leave my resolution here for anyone else struggling with this (incron is not as well documented as cron and there are fundamental differences).

The first error I made was the way I constructed my incrontab. This should be:

/var/www/html/uploads IN_ATTRIB /bin/bash /home/incronuser/myscript.sh

Secondly, I wasn't executing it as the right user. The file that needed to be inserted in the database first needed to moved to /var/lib/mysql-files and only root has access there. So the incron job had to be created as root as well.


What's the shortcut for opening home folder?

By default Alt+Home is the shortcut.

But you may change it to Super+E or anything like this if you want.

Go to System Settings.
Keyboard settings
Open "Shortcuts" tab.
Go to "Launchers"
Press on "Home Folder" and then press a key combination you want.

See here also: maketecheasier


Can I change the name of the Desktop directory?

Yes indeed you can change this by closing nautilus and opening a terminal, then do the following:

mv -v /home/$USER/Desktop /home/$USER/<new-name>

But thats only the first step on the change you intend to do, now open /home/$USER/.config/user-dirs.dirs and edit the following line:

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/desktop"

To reflect your changes, like in the following example:

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/<new-name>"

Then save, exit, and reboot and enjoy your different named desktop directory.


Redirect iptables to apache without internet connection

Impressive as it was not established where the traffic comes.

-s IP
-i Interface

Examples:

sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -s 192.168.150.1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.150.1:80

sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i wlan0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.150.1:80