Wired internet not working on 16.04 after reboot

I may not have the answer, but I know that I'll help you, provided that what I see is accurate.

UDEV

It is not common to need to manipulate files in UDEV unless you're trying to rename how interfaces appear or set some custom values. Keep in mind that to make networking operate in general, you should not needed to be messing with UDEV files. Please, any time you modify a system file, make a backup first.

Static Addresses

You're using a static address. Unless you have a very specific need for a static address, you should use DHCP and then set the ip reservation from the router, based on MAC address, instead. Given your current setup, did you also make an IP reservation in your router? If not you could have another device with the same IP that is conflicting with your server. I've seen this plenty of times in both home and corporate networks where someone set a static address within the same range as the DHCP lease pool: Game over. There will be IP address conflicts until one of the devices goes away.

Different network ranges

I don't know if this is a typo or real. Look carefully at the addresses. They're not in the same range. Some of your addresses start with 192.168.x.x and others with 182.168.x.x. It doesn't matter if you want 192 or 182, but it DOES matter if you are not consistent with every single device on your network.

Typically in a home environment you should see this:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto <interfaceName>
iface <interfaceName> inet dhcp

If you were adamant on static addresses, make sure it is similar to the following:

auto enp129s0f0
iface enp129s0f0 inet static
address 192.168.1.232
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1

^^ If you do the above ^^  make sure that you set a portion of the address range on the router (bottom end or top end) outside of the DHCP range. You cannot ever assign 192.168.1.1 because that's your router (gateway) and you shouldn't assign 192.168.1.255 because that's your broadcast address. You also don't use 192.168.1.0 because that just means you're on subnet x.x.1.x and any address from .1 through .255 is valid on your network.

Low end static range: 192.168.1.2 - 192.168.1.30
DHCP remaining: 192.168.1.31 - 192.168.1.254
  -or-
DHCP lower: 192.168.1.2 - 192.168.1.230
Upper end static: 192.168.1.231 - 192.168.1.254

Those are just examples. Carve out what you need. Normally you will use static sparingly. If you're not managing a big network, just leave it DHCP and set reservations in the router or you may encounter conflicts and or communication issues.

Also, you need to read up on systemd if the above doesn't set you straight. Starting in 16.04, networking is managed by systemd, to an extent. That's why your interface name now appears as enp129s0f0 and not the old eth0 like in 14.04 and earlier. This is the result of predictive interface naming in systemd.

Food for thought

Based on your comments about being new, not knowing how to format on this page, and also not knowing how to copy stuff exactly, I'll give you a few examples:

Forgive me if you already know. The basics in linux

Command with no options:
    command

Command with a file path:
    command /filePath/file

Command with options and file path:
    command -option /filePath/file

Get help on a command:
    command -h
       -or-
    command --help

Read the manual page:
    man command

Show attached disks:
    lsblk

Show mount points:
    mount

Remove a drive:
    umount /path

Change into another directory (folder):
     cd /path

Copy a file:
    cp /path-to-file /path-to-destination

Make a file:
    touch /path/fileName

Make a directory (folder):
    mkdir folderName

Edit a file:
    vim /path/fileName

Reference to this folder:
    ./

Reference to parent folder:
    ../

Get a flash drive plugged into your computer and type mount. Find the path to your flash drive and then type cd / and append the path you see listed from mount. Type pwd and make sure you're inside the path to the flash drive. from here, use the shell copy and file like this:

If you have to copy files:
    cp /path/file ./

If you have to, make a file:
    touch ./myFile

When you need to read output like ifconfig or ls -la, just write the output to a file by using pipe. (command + pipe + command + append + file)

Example:
    ifconfig -a | cat >> myFile

Validate by printing the file to the screen
    cat myFile

Finished?
    umount /filePath

Now, this forum. above where you type, there is a "links, images, styles/headers, block quotes, etc...." Read that. It tells you how to format. back ticks, four spaces, > symbols, etc....

Good luck!


How can I create a custom terminal command (to run a script)?

A common way people handle this is to make a bin directory in their home directory: mkdir ~/bin

Then, you can put your custom scripts in there: mv start-working ~/bin

Make sure your script is executable: chmod +x ~/bin/start-working

Add this to the bottom of your ~/.bashrc file (if you're using bash, which you probably are): export PATH=$PATH:~/bin

Now log back in and out of your terminal and you should be able to simply type start-working, and your script will execute.

Now that your path is setup, any new scripts you drop into your ~/bin you can just type in the name of.


I screwed up ubuntu on a dual boot system

to get to windows you have two ways.

Using ubuntu rescue CD - rescue mode

here you can grub-install to the head of the drive you have installed it on
check windows - part of grub menu - its loaded via chainloader

Using windows bootable DVD - rescue mode

reach the command prompt
type fixmbr (device-name) e.g. \Device\HardDisk0 or just execute fixmbr without any argument
or you can do  bootrec /fixboot and bootrec /fixmbr , in this method you'll get windows back then you can try ubuntu rescue cd and repair installed OS in its install mode


I think your problem is that you used UNetbootin to make a bootable Lubuntu USB flash drive in Windows 10, but UNetbootin is not supported by Windows 10. The official instructions at www.ubuntu.com for creating a bootable USB stick to install (L)ubuntu are at this link: How to create a bootable USB stick on Windows. The program used in the official instructions at www.ubuntu.com is Rufus, which is supported by Windows 10.

There are also official instructions for creating a bootable USB stick to install Ubuntu on Ubuntu at: How to create a bootable USB stick
on Ubuntu.


network manager - run script when connect failed

it's not part of network manager - but network manager uses 'ifupdown' to connect the internet, and ifupdown let you run scripts on connecting (turning interface up) or disconnecting (turning the interface down)

all you should do is to put your script in one of the following directories under /etc/network/:

if-pre-up.d/ - to be run before connecting

if-up.d/ - to be run after getting connected

if-down.d/ - to be run before disconnecting

if-post-down.d/ - to be run after getting disconnected

it does not do the exact thing i were looking for - as it do not detect problems and run the script only afterward - but since I do not care for the script to be run more times - i've put it in if-pre-up.d, so it runs before each time I connect the internet.


How run AviDemux in form of AppImage (universal binary) on Ubuntu 18.04?

First of all, as a workaround, try installing libva-drm2 by using Ctrl+Alt+T and typing:

sudo apt install libva-drm2

If problem persists, then do:

cp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libva-drm.so.2 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libva-drm.so.1

On condition that, if above-mentioned solutions did not work, as a last resort, install version 2.7:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/avidemux
sudo apt-get install avidemux2.6-qt avidemux2.6-plugins-qt

It will avidemux 2.7 though it contains 2.6 in its name.

Source


How can I change the keybindings in Nautilus?

You can, but it's not easy:  The standard parameters of Nautilus do not allow you to change these keybindings as there are no configuration parameters for them:

gsettings list-recursively | grep --ignore-case nautilus

So you have 2 possibilities:

Switch to Nemo, which has the capabilities you seek out of the box (and more ...)
Clone the source of Nautilus, edit the source code, change Ctrl+PgUp to Ctrl+Tab and build your own version:

cd Documents
git clone https://github.com/GNOME/nautilus
cd nautilus/src
grep --recursive --ignore-case tabs *
nano nautilus-window.c #This is where you need to do more work yourself
cd ..
./configure
make
sudo checkinstall

That's as far as I want to go, because I took the easy way and deployed Nemo because I abhor the direction the GNOME developers took as they prefer "simplicity", whereas I like my stuff complex and full of features.

Sorry! ¯\_(ツ)_/¯


.pam_environment not applied on first login but applied on successive logins

If you are using encrypted home directories using ecryptfs, then perhaps the system attempts to read ~/.pam_environment before unlocking your home directory.

Here's a workaround which makes the file unencrypted. You will need sudo powers.

Close all programs, because some programs are going to crash using this method.
Open a terminal.
Go to your home directory by running cd
Move the file to the unencrypted ~/.ecryptfs directory by running mv .pam_environment .ecryptfs/
Make the file accessible from the decrypted environment: ln -s .ecryptfs/.pam_environment
Exit the decrypted environment by running ecryptfs-umount-private. Although you will likely get a "Sessions still open, not unmounting" warning, it seems that the exiting still worked. You can confirm by attempting to run ecryptfs-umount-private again.

Your decrypted home directory is now not accessible, and it is normal to get lots of errors on your terminal because programs (e.g. shells) weren't built for this. You should be able to continue nonetheless. Avoid starting programs as much as possible until you reboot in step 8.
Make the file accessible from the non-decrypted environment by running sudo ln -s ~/.ecryptfs/.pam_environment.
Reboot your computer. You should now hopefully have .pam_environment applied from the first login.

Related link:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pam/+bug/584249
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gdm/+bug/1748036


How to download software from the Ubuntu app directory?

Ubuntu contrary to Windows, doesn't have installer for most of the software but package. The packages are installed along with dependencies in a orderly fashion (A depends of B, hence B gets installed first, then I can install A) that are contrary to windows behavior of "a installer that includes all". The only method is hunt down the individual packages (figuring out it's name and location) download them, and install them manually.

Related:

How do I use apt-get to only download packages?


How to get Bose Soundlink Mini Bluetooth Working

First, make sure that pulseaudio-module-bluetooth and any/all relevent bluez audio packages are installed, then you may try the suggestions found here see if that helps. Once you get them connected you will likely want to check the audio profile in Blueman and the pulse audio mixer and be sure it is set to "High Fidelity Playback (A2DP)" and not "Telephony Duplex (HSP/HFP)" or they will sound horrible.


Getting "Too many authentication failures" from every ssh server I've been using

This link may help answer your question in regards to the error message of "Too many authentication failures"

superuser.com: Too many authentication failures for username

Per the manpage for ssh-keygen, the ssh-keygen -R command:

  Removes all keys belonging to hostname from a known_hosts file

So keys are removed are those from ssh-servers that are configured on
your client's ~/.ssh/know_hosts files and have no
effect on the error you are receiving from the server side.
With regards to your home server and the message:

  Permission denied (publickey,password)

The server may be configured to only allow key-based authentication. You may need to check your /etc/ssh/sshd_config and change PasswordAuthentication no to PasswordAuthentication yes if you are trying to authenticate with a username and password.
Finally you may want to execute the ssh command with the -v option (adding up to 3 v's for more detailed information) in order to view helpful messages about how your ssh client is interacting with the ssh server. You may also require the -i' option in order to use the proper key configured in your servers~/.ssh/authorized_keys` file.

Your command may look like this:

ssh -i '~/.ssh/workplace_server_rsa' -v user@workplace_server_address


Forgetten to click space bar on burg install

If you forget to do something during installation:

dpkg-reconfigure <package name>

In your case:

dpkg-reconfigure burg

On a side note:

BURG is probably dead and GRUB 2 can do themes while keeping your system stable.


When I boot Ubuntu, I have to log out and in again for the correct theme to load. How can I stop this?

This can occur if your computer encounters errors while booting up.  Try booting to the command line (without launching lightdm) and see if any errors appear.  Another option would be to grep your logs.

I encountered the issue you are describing twice.  The first took forever to fix.  Eventually, after booting to the command line, I noticed a series of errors relating to my USB ports (a motherboard issue).  I fixed the problem by turning the computer off and unplugging the power supply for 20 seconds.

The second time was was due to my iphone being plugged into the computer during boot.  I solved the issued by not keeping my iphone connected during boot.

Hope this helps.


I have the same problem with Ubuntu 46.04. I think is a bug with this Kernel (4.10.0-27-generic)

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xorg/+bug/1705884


Does Ubuntu 12.04 have video drivers for Nvidia Quadro or AMD Firepro GPU's?

You can install drivers for both graphics cards:

Installation instructions for AMD drivers:

sudo apt-get install dh-modaliases libelfg0 execstack build-essential cdbs fakeroot dh-make debhelper debconf libstdc++6 dkms libqtgui4 ia32-libs; sudo apt-get -f install
wget -O ati-amd-v2.4-NoobsLab64.deb http://goo.gl/dylWp
sudo dpkg -i ati-amd-v2.4-NoobsLab64.deb; rm ati-amd-v2.4-NoobsLab64.deb

Installation instructions for Nvidia drivers:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current


Windows Invalidated after GParted partition?

Changing the partition size does not automatically change the filesystem size, so try just putting the partitions back to the way they were, and see if Windows not works.  If so, resize next time from within Windows, then run chkdisk a few times before doing anything else.  Did you look on the bottom of the machine for a label with a product key (if you still need it).
After increasing the Ubuntu partition, look into resize2fs to resize the filesystem

man resize2fs

for the info on running it.


Can't access write permissions on NTFS partition after upgrading to Ubuntu 17.10

You have mounted your partition read-only, and you must remount it with read/write permissions.
This is typically done by this command:
$ sudo mount -o remount,rw /dev/(ntfs partition file name)


Iphone Photo folder appears once and disappear after reconnect

I found a solution

first restart USB by command

  sudo usbmuxd -u -U usbmux

then going into the phone folder (file) using nautilus and press

  CTRL+L

to get the usb serial number. Delete colon and number at the end. It will direct to iPhone storage. In that directory navigate to DCIM directory. This is where all photos saved.

preference: How do I access iOS camera pictures on Ubuntu 17.04?


Try Clonezilla. It works very well for cloning partitions.


How to delete the bootable flag of a partition

You can toggle flag with a command.

Try the same command again and it will be removed.


Ad1. to be able to use sqlplus from anywhere you can link it with:

ln -s /opt/oracle/instantclient_18_5/sqlplus /usr/bin/sqlplus

and then it should be available from anywhere since /usr/bin is already in your PATH

Ad 2. Instant client is just client. You need to install the oracle database to set up username and password during the database installation process.


Do I need a swap partition for every Linux distribution?

I assume you are asking about a swap partition.

Yes you can share a swap partition, but each time you install, the swap space will be reformatted. This will change the UUID of the swap partition and you will need to update /etc/fstab in each installed os.

sudo nano /etc/fstab

You will see an entry similar to:

  UUID=cee15eca-5b2e-48ad-9735-eae5ac14bc90  none  swap  sw  0  0

List your partitions with

sudo blkid

and update fstab with the new UUID.

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Fstab


No Microphone picked up on Ubuntu 16.04 on Macbook Pro

I had the same issue with my Macbook air running KDE Neon (ubuntu 18).

Here is what fixed my issue:

1. Added the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

options snd-hda-intel model=mba6

To find the model I first ran:

cat /proc/asound/card*/codec* | grep Codec

Then searched HD-Audio Codec-Specific Models to find the corresponding model.

2. Changed my sound card profile from Analogue Stereo Output to Analogue Stereo Duplex

Check here for an image (I don't have enough reputation)

I also disabled my HDMI sound (top device in picture), though I don't believe this had any effect

3. Reboot!

This worked for me, hopefully this is useful to somebody else.

Based on helpful answers here and here


How can I install Ubuntu on a HP Pavillion DM1 with broken USB ports?

1.Download Unetbootin

2.Run Unetbootin.

3.Now, from the drop-down menu under Type: select Hard Disk.

4.Next select the Diskimage. Browse to the directory where you downloaded the iso      file of Ubuntu.

Next when you reboot, you will get a menu like this:
Unetbootin
Select Unetbootin and you will get the "Try" or "Install" option there.
Finally, you can install your version of Ubuntu alongside Windows.


indicator-multiload doesn't have the same functionality as indicator-cpufreq to control the CPU frequency. After doing a lot of research I couldn't get indicator-cpufreq to work with Ubuntu 12.04. Finally I found Jupiter and it works well:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/jupiter
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jupiter


How to replace the background image in the default plymouth theme

It is!

If you Google search "Plymouth Themes" you will find an assortment of themes you can install and modify to your liking.

If your serious about it, you could also look into Plymouth scripting and building your own themes.


The problem in whatsapp purleppa, Remove it and you'll be alright.

sudo rm -r /etc/apt/sources.list.d/whatsapp-purple-ppa-precise.list
sudo rm -r /etc/apt/sources.list.d/whatsapp-purple-ppa-precise.list.save

Then run:

sudo apt-get update


How to exclude a specific folder from search in Synapse?

There appeared to be a confusing explanation to my issue, in order to blacklist/exclude activity in desired folder I had to provide a complete path to every folder in subfolders section. Because I blacklisted a folder which has subfolders in it and the funny thing that adding this folder to excluded ones on Security & Privacy settings wasn't enough to block its subfolders in Synapse for some reason it let it through. I don't understand why it doesn't block its subfolders activity when the main (desired) folder is excluded/blacklisted? I guess it's a different question but anyways providing a complete path to each folder solved my issue.


How can I make windows go fullscreen when snapping to the top of the screen in xfce?

In xfce you have to double click on the top to get fullscreen.

Yet I don't know about settings to change the snapping to going fullscreen.

Any setting are at Settings Manager -> Window Manager -> Advanced or Settings Manager -> Window Manager Tweaks


Debugging: Console Output and Upstart Scripts

If you use Upstart 1.4 or newer, put console log into your Upstart job and all the output to stdout/stderr will end up to /var/log/upstart/<job>.log. Then you can do tail -f /var/log/upstart/<job>.log & to have the output appear in terminal.


Timidity runs from boot to shutdown by design. (this is part of the reason it is not included in ubuntustudio by default) If it is using excess CPU while not being used perhaps file a bug report against that package. Type ubuntu-bug timidity in a terminal to do this.
As a side note, I have also had trouble with timidity not releasing an audio device and having no sound as well. My solution has generally been to remove the timidity package. Beware that if you did not explicitly install timidity, removing it will probably try to remove other software as well that requires it. So it is best to use a software manager that will tell you what it is removing before it does so. (apt, synaptic, or muon)


LTE Smartphone Ubuntu-Touch like BQ Aquaris E5 LTE (not Meizu)

When BQ is ready to announce new devices, they'll do so themselves.  If you haven't seen any announcement from them, then there is no public information to report.

For now if you need an LTE phone running Ubuntu, the Meizu is your only choice.


Totem losing sound after a few seconds of playing

Apparently this is due to Totem not using the correct driver/hardware (somehow that changes without notice). By setting the correct channel in the control center, everything works fine. This is strange, since youtube videos would use the correct channel, while Totem would switch to an incorrect one.


It's possible to install Ubuntu in general this way, for the most part, although I don't expect you would see root as a graphical login option in any event; see psusi's answer and my comment.

Wubi explicitly offers no access to the installer preseeding facilities that might allow this (they aren't generally presented except in expert mode, anyway), and does not offer any way to enable it at installation time.  However, you can enable it after installation using the link psusi provided.


Software for getting Back Up of Ubuntu 14.04 LTS OS along with newly installed software

You can use Clonezilla to backup the whole system in its current state.
Download the ISO and create a bootable media (CD/DVD/USB) from it.

Boot from the media and save the whole disk or single partitions to another disk.
If you want to restore the image - boot from the media again and start restoring.

Comprehensive information on how to exactly do this and the download location : Clonezilla


Distorted sound from headphone jack Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS

I have a lenovo g700 and sometimes I had the same problem. I notice that this was happening when I was booting on windows 8  (dual boot). After that my sound was distorted, not every time. When I reboot again to Ubuntu it was working fine. Hope that help you also!


There is no reason not to continue using deja dup as your backup manager.

It is fully supported through 13.04 as I use it currently in Lubuntu, version 25.3-Ounbunu1.

You can install this using the Software Center, Synaptic or CLI in terminal.

sudo apt-get install deja-dup


Which command can I run to adjust brightness of my screen?

First, run xrandr | grep " connected" | cut -f1 -d " " to get your screen name.
Once you got your screen name, run xrandr --output <screen_name> --brightness <brightness_value>, the brightness value is between 0 and 1.

CREDIT: How To Control Your Monitor Brightness From Command Line In Ubuntu?


Can't click OK to change qtcreator to use tabs for C++

It looks like the "built-in" coding styles can't be edited. Why it allows you to click "Edit" in the first place I don't know. Anyway, in Tools -> Options -> C++ -> Coding Style, click Copy to create your own style. Then Edit and change the settings.


How to tell NVIDIA driver to ignore X completely

Not sure what eventually became different, but I installed NVIDIA driver 381.22 and the problem went away.


How to dual boot Windows and ubuntu with windows boot loader on uefi?

Boot into windows and hold the Shift key and click restart. Then choose Troubleshoot > Advance Option > Command Prompt , Then type following commands

 bootrec.exe /fixboot
 bootrec.exe /fixmbr
 bootrec.exe /rebuildbcd

In third command it will ask for an option choose "ALL".

Then close cmd and restart pc. Then Windows will become your default bootloader with Ubuntu Entry.


The problem has caused because you directly turned off your system multiple time so it might be possible that  some bad sector have been created. Right now i can only suggest you to run system utility to check and fix problems related to your drive. you can do it by either of the way.

Go to command prompt and type following command

chkdsk G:

Or you can run same utility by GUL mode.

In MY COMPUTER, Right click on G drive
Go to priperties
Go to tab "TOOLS"
Click on Check
Select both "Automatically Check and fix system errors" and "scan and attempt recovery for bad sectors"
Run it by clicking on Start.

Hope it works.


Ubuntu 14.04 installed alongside with Windows 8.1 but the system boot directly to Windows once I logged into Windows and restart

A possible solution, is the one boot-repair uses, which is to rename the windows bootloader to a backup name, and copy in the ubuntu bootloader (grubx64.efi , unsigned, without secure boot) in place of the /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi.  Windows tends to rewrite the boot order, no fix for that.  You should stay in UEFI mode to continue to boot Windows with Ubuntu.

Every machine is different, but on my Toshiba Windows will sometimes rewrite the order.  I am in the habit of using a function key to invoke the EFI menu, select the HDD, then select ubuntu to boot.  I have an Asus on which I cannot even keep the USB first in boot order, even without booting Windows, so things  could be worse.  Once you get the fake bootmgfw.efi in place, things should be stable for you.


Well, I don't use nor do I have CLion, but I would assume that the instructions here would still apply.

According to that page, you should:

Open Settings, and under the Editor node, click Colors & Fonts.
Select the desired scheme from the Scheme name drop-down list.
If you need to change certain settings of the selected scheme, create its copy. To do that, click Save as button, and type the new scheme name in the dialog box.

Under the Colors and Fonts node, change the font families used in the editor and in the console:

Define font family for the editor and console. When you just open the Font or Console Fonts pages under the Colors and Fonts node, CLion displays Editor Font area where you can configure primary and secondary fonts, their size and line spacing.

Under the Colors and Fonts node, open pages to configure specific color preferences and font types for the different supported languages and CLion components.

Now, those images come directly from that page I linked (as do the instructions) and are from Windows, but the menus and settings should be laid out the same for Ubuntu.


I suspect you'll have better luck with a newer version of RT5390: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/58267392/2011_1007_RT5390_RT5392_Linux_STA_V2.5.0.3_DPO.zip


Can't install Ubuntu on Asus Rampage Extreme IV

I have a bunch of questions/suggestions for clarification for you and others.

What do you mean by freeze? Sometimes linux could appear to be frozen but actually, it could just be a pci issue where no inputs are being accepts.

What part is freezing?

Have you tried USB installation over DVD installation? What are the steps you used to create the DVD(or USB)?

Here is a similar thread. Seems like you have a nVidia GPU, and it seems like your motherboard does not have an onboard display out. The solution mentioned is to use nomodeset when installing/booting to either liveCD or ubuntu itself. Of course this depends on what kind of freezing issues you are having.

Try to minimize possible hardware issues. I see that you have 2 HDD's attached. Disabling RAID may be worth a shot as well. The thread I linked also mentioned that there could be issues with multiple HDDs and noted it was better to isolate the linux installation on one drive though I do not understand the detailed logic behind that. Additionally, validate that your RAM is stable. Seems like there are hard freezing issues when the RAM is faulty. I see that you have 4 sticks. See what happens when you only use one. Note:  Use 64-bit distros. 32-bit has a RAM limit.

I did not see anything about IOMMU settings on this mother but check if you have this. Sometimes keyboard/mouse will not work because of this which may be causing the "freezing". Depending on where it freezes, it may be worth it to try an external mouse/keyboard. Avoid USB 3.0 if possible.

UEFI can also cause complications. Did you boot the installation device in UEFI mode?

I'd suggest adding more details to your post with these questions.


What are the pros and cons of an encrypted Ubuntu installation?

You will have two options to Chose when you are going through the install

You can encrypt the entire drive and at boot it will require a password at each boot in order to work and will then proceed to boot normally. this is the most secure way to lock down your PC
you can just encrypt your Home folder where you store documents and pictures and other files. When you login, your home folder is decrypted and you can use it as normal.

I have used both and didn't see much of a performance decrease from ether. Now something to keep in mind is how to recover your info in case your motherboard died and you need to get the info of the drive.

I know for the home folder encryption Ubuntu will help you set it up once the system is installed and will give you a recovery key to use in this case but i'm not sure about the full hard drive encryption which may not have the ability.


how to switch desktop environment from terminal (remote access)?

On MY Ubuntu 16.04.4, I would stop the xfce service and start gdm3. See man service, and use sudo service --status-all to make sure the xfce service is running, then:

sudo service xfce stop
sudo service xfce status
sudo service gdm3 start
sudo service gdm3 status


How can I enable 32bit UEFI booting on a Ubuntu installed on a flash drive?


Dell Laptop's Bluetooth isn't detected by Ubuntu

First, make sure it is not blocked as shown in the answer of rmaultz, i.e. make sure  you turn on the bluetooth from the radio switch and bluetooth applet. Then run this

modprobe btusb

then run

lsmod | grep btusb

to confirm btusb module is loaded. Then run

lsusb

You should get something like

Bus 003 Device 005: ID 0a5c:4500 Broadcom Corp. BCM2046B1 USB 2.0 Hub (part of BCM2046 Bluetooth)

Then run this

sudo sh -c "echo 0xY 0xZ > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/btusb/new_id"

replace Y and Z from lsusb result for example

sudo sh -c "echo 0x0a5c 0x4500 > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/btusb/new_id"

Let me know, if that worked.


PowerTOP "cpufreq_stats failed" and "Devfreq not enabled" running --auto-tone

Had the same problem as you with same error - had to --calibrate then reboot then --calibrate again and then --auto-tune
All worked then


Installing the llvm and build-essential packages, as you have done, does not cause clang or clang++ to be installed. For that, you must install one of the clang packages, depending on which version of clang and clang++ you want.

16.04

In Ubuntu 16.04, your options are clang-3.5, clang-3.6, clang-3.7, and clang-3.8.

14.04

In Ubuntu 14.04, your options are clang-3.3 , clang-3.4 , and clang-3.5 .

You can install them in the Software Center, or with:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install clang-3.n

(Replacing n with the desired sub-version, of course.)

12.04

If you're running Ubuntu 12.04, there's only one package that provides clang and clang++, so it's just called clang .


LXC unprivileged container: apt-get fails to download anything inside

By default user '_apt' has uid=65534, but lxc (and host) is configured to allow only 10000 subuids and subgids for user (and therefore unprivileged containers).

One solution might be to set user '_apt' uid inside container below 10000.

The other way is to up subuids/subgids limit on the host. Use command sudo usermod --add-subuids 260000-325536 --add-subgids 260000-325536 $USER for user that owns container, and ensure lxc user containers are configured with:

lxc.id_map = u 0 260000 65536
lxc.id_map = g 0 260000 65536


apt-get install is failing to install anything

Let apt try and fix it by itself:

sudo apt-get -f install


What are the various files at cdimage.ubuntu.com daily builds?

.OVERSIZED is just a placeholder to say that the ISO won't fit on a standard CD
.manifest is the full list of debian packages that this ISO will provide (contents of live filesystem)
.metalink is meant to be used by the Wubi installer
.list is just the file listing
.iso is the image you'll need to download to burn a CD or to give to startup disk creator.
.iso.zsync is a zsync metafile meant to be used by the zsync tool (Partial/differential file download client over HTTP), visit http://zsync.moria.org.uk/ for further details.


You mustn't use spaces around =, so it should look like this:

PATH=$PATH:/google_appengine


"Can not mount /dev/loop0" during install from CD

Your computer may not have enough RAM to use the Desktop CD. Try installing with the Alternate CD and see if you have any better success.

See also: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

Also you might want to double check the CD image has downloaded properly:

Unable to mount /dev/loop0 during install


This appears to be a BIOS issue.  Other users have reported that versions prior to 1.53 seem unaffected by this issue, however if you simply use the touchscreen to initiate a restart, the touchpad will be recognized the second time.  No one seems to have yet reported a good explanation for this.

Be careful flashing to earlier BIOS versions as it seems some critical fixes are also in place post-1.53.  In my case, the 1.53 had a serious problem with my internal network adapter, and the Twist would not boot without first manually disconnecting it.


You can bind the copy-paste to middle click using xsel and xvkbd.

First, install the packages:

sudo apt-get install xsel xvkbd

Now, run the following command:

sh -c 'xsel | xvkbd -xsendevent -file - 2>/dev/null'

You can also bind this to a keyboard shortcut from System Settings > Keyboard > Shortcuts.

More on xsel:

Taken from www.techrepublic.com:

  The xsel tool, copyfree software available via the software management
  systems of most open source operating systems, is a simple utility
  meant to serve the need to copy text between the CLI environment and
  the GUI environment. It effectively acts as a pipeline-like interface
  between the CLI and the GUI clipboard.

To learn more about xsel, either visit the link above or go here.


Where would I find Google IME for Marathi language?

I believe there is no Google IME in Ubuntu for Marathi. But if you want you can add a full fledged devnagiri keyboard. It takes a while to remember the new keyboard but once you have learnt it you no longer need Google IME. Below is the procedure to add Marathi keyboard.
Go to settings/keyboard layout/ then press the '+' icon on the bottom and search for 'Indian' keyboard layout. You can now switch between Marathi and English using the keyboard icon on the top.


While I agree that scp is better, it's not only that your client needs the scp command, your server needs to support that as well ofcourse. Enough situations where you can just reach the server through FTP, isn't there?

If you want to get a file from FTP you could just use wget ?

wget ftp://username:password@SERVERNAME/directory/file


What mechanism prevents shutdown when another open session exists?

When you click the shutdown button (in Unity):

The SessionView asks the SessionManager if the user is authorized to shutdown.
The SessionManager uses systemd-logind to check /org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Manager for the authorization.
ConsoleKit sets that property essentially by checking if multiple users are logged in. If multiple users are logged in, it denies authorization. In addition, depending on how the system has been set up, ConsoleKit may also use polkit or role-based access control to determine authorization.
If SessionView does not receive authorization for the user to shutdown, it changes the action mode from shutdown to logout.

As an aside, note that this behavior (and how to implement it) is a decision made by Ubuntu. I had recently installed Arch with Gnome 3.8 to a partition, so logged in two users there to see how what happened when one of them shutdown. There was a message warning that other users were logged in and might lose work, but clicking OK let the shutdown continue.

[Edit based on OP comment]

The simplest way to change this behavior is to bypass it. In a terminal or a script, issue:

sudo shutdown -h 0 for immediate shutdown or sudo shutdown -r 0 for a restart.

This assumes the user who wants to shutdown has administrative privileges, but the user could also be granted admin privilege only for shutdown.

With a script you cold add in some of niceties like warning about other logged in users and allowing the user to change their mind about shutting down.

Someone else may have another idea (or could likely provide a fleshed-out script in response to a new question), but I can't think of anything easy (say, without recompiling a custom version of Unity) or safe beyond this solution.


To see a drives contents it needs to be mounted

In a terminal enter the commands

    sudo fdisk -l

This tells you what drives the system knows about.  If you just want to mount it temporarily see here

http://www.ehow.com/how_4513872_mount-drive-ubuntu-linux.html

If you want the drives to be visible all the time see here

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticallyMountPartitions


You'll need to :

write code: a text editor of your choice (gedit by default or xemacs, vi, etc...) or an IDE (i'll recommend codeblocks or Eclipse + eclipse-cdt, etc.)
manage your code: aka use a Version Control System, optional at first while learning but you'll benefit from knowing git or mercurial once you'll start working on non-trivial projects.
compile code: install build-essential (includes g++, make, C headers, etc., don't go for a manual install of the compiler) sudo apt-get install build-essential
debug it: don't think you'll ever be able to skip this step ^^ sudo apt-get install gdb


Ubuntu 17.10 secondary display issue, missing menubar, launcher and bar on top of the screen displays date time and network status missing

I think its simpler than that. Just set "show on" to "All displays" in the Dock settings on Ubuntu 17.10:


I upgraded from 17.04 to 17.10 on a Lenovo T540p which has broken two finger touchpad scrolling and right clicking

I have the same issue on my Thinkpad T450s. This issue is referenced on launchpad here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1722478

It seems to happen after a resume. The workaround described on LP1722478 works for me:

sudo modprobe -r psmouse
sudo modprobe psmouse


Finding and removing autorun applications or services

As seen from the output of

locate --regex '/etc/init(\.d)?/tomcat'

tomcat7 is using the legacy SysV style init and hence the start/stop script is in /etc/init.d/.

You can run the following command to remove all the symbolic links of /etc/init.d/tomcat7 in /etc/rc[0-6].d (or /etc/rcS.d) directories so that tomcat7 does not start automatically from next time you boot up the computer:

sudo update-rc.d -f tomcat7 remove


how can I open a extra console and run a program in it with one command?

I would prefer to use the option -x that provides more reliable work than -e:

gnome-terminal -x bash -c "<my command or script>; exec bash"

The option -x means --execute - the  remainder of the command line inside the terminal.
And our command is bash -c "<commands>". That means we execute a new bash shell, which should run some -c "<commands>".
We have two separated (by semicolon ; == new line) <commands>.
The first command <my command or script> will execute that we want.
The second command exec bash has a meaning - remain open the current gnome-terminal window. There are another possible approaches to do that. In the current case the command exec will replace the current process image with a new process image - in other words it will 'kill' the current process and will execute a new (bash) under the current PID.

Update: The -x/-e syntax is now deprecated - Ubuntu 18.04. The new recommended way is :

gnome-terminal -- bash -c "<my command or script>; exec bash"

If you want to reach the users home directory within the above command use the environment variable $HOME: bash -c "cd $HOME/; ..."

More examples of usage of this format:

Open a new terminal and source scripts
Launch gnome-terminal from SSH session to Desktop session
Start Specific Terminal on Startup
Crontab and C program that should be executed into a terminal window
Xdotool does not minimize terminal window when using in Startup Application when pc boots?


Sort and merge 2 files without duplicate lines, based on the first column

Seems like you can achieve this with join very easily if the files are both sorted.

$ join -a 1 all_test.txt completed_test.txt
test1 Passed
test2
test3 Failed
test4
test5 Passed
test6 Passed

-a 1 means print lines from file 1 that had nothing joined to them.

If your files are not already sorted, you can use this (thanks terdon!):

join -a 1  <(sort all_tests.txt) <(sort completed_tests.txt )


I think the best way to merge icon sets is to create what I call a lightweight icon set. This icon set lives in your home directory so it won't be clobbered by system updates, but it links to the system icon sets, so it will be updated along with them. These themes won't be available to other users on your system.

Lightweight Icon Sets

Ubuntu's theme manager will look in ~/.icons and /usr/share/icons for icons sets. Anything in ~/.icons overrides /usr/share/icons. So you can copy an icon set from the system dir to your home dir to customize the icon and you only include the parts you want to change!

Generally, I think it's best to make your own icon sets that use the system ones. You can do this by creating an icon set, a index.theme file, and adding some icons. However, when you are combining different icon sets, you'll need to override their Inherits attribute so you can set your own order of precedence.

Creating an Icon Set to Merge Themes

Let's create a super-mono icon set:

# Create a new icon set
mkdir -p ~/.icons/super-mono

# Copy an existing icon config and modify it for our new icon set
cp /usr/share/icons/Faenza-Darkest/index.theme      ~/.icons/super-mono/.
sed -ie "s/Name=Faenza-Darkest/Name=super-mono/"    ~/.icons/super-mono/index.theme
sed -ie "s/Comment=.*$/Comment=Created with by me/" ~/.icons/super-mono/index.theme
sed -ie "s/Inherits=/Inherits=ubuntu-mono-dark,/"   ~/.icons/super-mono/index.theme

Now we have a new icon set in Appearance that is exactly like Faenza-Darkest.

To merge our two themes, we change super-mono theme to inherit from ubuntu-mono-dark and then Faenza.

sed -ie "s/Inherits=.*$/Inherits=ubuntu-mono-dark,Faenza/" ~/.icons/super-mono/index.theme

That should be enough for richzilla, just select super-mono in Appearance.

Adding Custom Icons

We can also add individual icons to this icon set:

ln -s /usr/share/icons/Faenza-Darkest/actions/22/gtk-paste.png ~/.icons/super-mono/actions/22/.

And now our super-mono theme combines ubuntu-mono-dark and Faenza, except it uses one icon from Faenza-Darkest. See later sections to use more than just a few icons.

It's important to see that I copied the index.theme from Faenza-Darkest and then used icons from Faenza-Darkest. The index.theme file says where the icons might be. If you want to pull individual icons from different icon sets, you'll need to merge their index.theme files. You can look at the files and you'll see a field called Directories that lists all folders containing icons. Then you'll see other fields that describe these folders. If you add an icon that isn't described by these fields, then that icon will be ignored. You can find more information in the index.theme spec.

Advanced: Selectively Combining Three Icon Sets

I also love ubuntu-mono icons. I love Faenza's app icons, but I don't like Faenza's mono icons (the indicators and buttons). I also like elementary's icons. So I want to combine these three icon sets. As far as I know, the best way to do this is by isolating the icons you like.

Use ubuntu-mono-dark
Use Faenza's app icons
Otherwise use elementary's icons

To do this, we need to tell ubuntu-mono-dark to not inherit from anything (so we can also use Faenza and elementary).

# First, ubuntu-mono-dark
# Create a shadow of the system icon set
mkdir -p ~/.icons/ubuntu-mono-dark

# Copy an existing icon config and modify it for our shadow icon set
cp /usr/share/icons/ubuntu-mono-dark/index.theme   ~/.icons/ubuntu-mono-dark/.
sed -ie "s/Comment=.*$/Comment=A shadow to prevent inherits/" ~/.icons/ubuntu-mono-dark/index.theme
sed -ie "s/Inherits=.*$/Inherits=/"                ~/.icons/ubuntu-mono-dark/index.theme

You'll notice that the ubuntu-mono-dark icon set is now broken. It will be missing icons that are provided by Humanity-Dark and other icon sets it inherits from. This change will only affect your user.

Now we can make a new icon set that uses the app icons from Faenza.

# Create a new icon set
mkdir -p ~/.icons/Faenza-apps

# Copy the existing icon config and modify it for our new icon set
cp /usr/share/icons/Faenza/index.theme             ~/.icons/Faenza-apps/.
sed -ie "s/Name=Faenza/Name=Faenza-apps/"          ~/.icons/Faenza-apps/index.theme
sed -ie "s/Comment=.*$/Comment=Just Faenza app icons/" ~/.icons/Faenza-apps/index.theme
sed -ie "s/Inherits=.*$/Inherits=/"                ~/.icons/Faenza-apps/index.theme

# Use Faenza's app icons
ln -s /usr/share/icons/Faenza/apps/ ~/.icons/Faenza-apps/.

This Faenza-apps icon set is also broken. It only has icons for apps. All other icons are missing because we removed the Inherits.

Now we create the icon set we'll use. Our icon set will contain no icons, it just connects our other icon sets.

# Create a new icon set
mkdir -p ~/.icons/merge-mono-dark

# Copy an existing icon config and modify it for our new icon set
cp /usr/share/icons/Faenza/index.theme                 ~/.icons/merge-mono-dark/.
sed -ie "s/Name=Faenza/Name=merge-mono-dark/"          ~/.icons/merge-mono-dark/index.theme
sed -ie "s/Comment=.*$/Comment=Created with by me/"    ~/.icons/merge-mono-dark/index.theme
sed -ie "s/Inherits=.*$/Inherits=ubuntu-mono-dark,Faenza-apps,elementary-mono-dark/" ~/.icons/merge-mono-dark/index.theme

Now we should be able to select merge-mono-dark in Appearance and we'll have a beautiful new icon set! (Note: We shouldn't need to merge index.theme files because we're not adding icons from different icon sets to merge-mono-dark. Instead, we're using Inherits to automatically merge the icon sets.)

Explanation of some commands

I use a lot of Terminal commands to simplify this answer, but here's a description of what they do.

ln -s /usr/share/icons/Faenza-Darkest/actions/22/gtk-paste.png ~/.icons/Faenza-Alan/actions/22/.

This creates a pointer in your icon set to the system icon set's gtk-paste icon. That way no additional hard disk space is used and your icon set is updated along with the system's icon set. If you don't want that, then replace ln -s with cp -r.

sed -ie "s/dark/light/" ~/file

Means to replace all dark with light in ~/file.

sed -ie "s/Comment=.*$/Comment=Created with by me/" ~/.icons/super-mono/index.theme

The .*$ means to match any text (.*) to the end of the line ($).

sed -ie "s/Inherits=/Inherits=ubuntu-mono-dark,/"   ~/.icons/super-mono/index.theme

Here we're inserting ubuntu-mono-dark in front of the Inherits list because we're looking for Inherits= and replacing it with Inherits=ubuntu-mono-dark,

Anywhere I use sed, you could edit the file and apply edits manually instead.


Xubuntu 14.04: Keyboard layout switches back to default

"I am using the Hindi layout in LibreOffice and then have to check something in Firefox, want to change music in gmusicbrowser, or something similar. Every time I leave LibreOffice, for whatever reason, the layout switches back to Danish"

when you go back to Libreoffice is it not changing back to Hindi?

Check right-click on the keyboard layouts tray icon, Properties (Keyboard Layouts) - Manage Layout: Per application.


Cant install xampp (Syntax error : Unterminated quoted string)

You can install it using the ppa

Add the ppa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:upubuntu-com/xampp

Update:

sudo apt-get update

Install XAMPP:

sudo apt-get install xampp


xrandr "cannot find mode" although mode is added and shows on xrandr

On newmode, 1280x1024_60.00 is enclosed in double quotes, whereas on addmode and output it isn't.  Use double quotes on those two commands too.  At least, this is the correct syntax.  An additional problem is that you are trying to add a mode to a disconnected port "VGA-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)" which won't work.  The port has to be connected first.

Judging from what the post says, you're probably using an incorrect port though.  Your VGA-0 port is for connecting an actual monitor through a 15-pin VGA connector.


No mail-notifications on Ubuntu Phone (bq Aquaris E4.5)?

I have noticed that mail in conversation tagged "important" in your mail box always generate notifications but not the others which seems to generate notification randomly and very few time.


What you are searching is this: Why documentation says release is 11.04 instead of 10.10


Seeing that you have a new laptop the best option here would be to go for a fresh installation Download iso from here http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop

In case you have problems with DVD setup go for a Bootable USB. A clean installation is always better for a long run and for further updates.


Should I install programs from a source tarball (`.tar.gz`), from the Ubuntu Software Centre, or from elsewhere?

Reliability:

When installing from a tarball, software may try to overwrite other software. Build dependencies are needed, and the process has a high failure rate. If you are installing software that packages in the repositories depend on, this will not satisfy that dependency since it is not registered with dpkg, unless you use checkinstall to temporarily convert it to a debian package. With this, you do risk breaking dpkg. Even if the code is open-source, unless you make sure it hasn't been changed, you should still download it from a trusted site. You can install multiple versions of software, as long as it uses different directories. You can override this in the makefile.
Using a debian package will ensure files do not overwrite those of other programs, however, if using sudo dpkg -i file.deb, dependencies must be installed first. When installed this way, you won't get updates unless the package is also in the repositories, but this package will satisfy dependencies requiring this software. It will also most likely give this package a menu entry or at least register manpages. Debian packages usually are tested with Lintian which makes sure packages meet or exceed a set of standards that can be quite stringent, going as far as whether certain files have any executable code or not. Multiple versions of the same package cannot be installed. A badly made package can fail to install, fail to remove, or even break DPKG, leading to difficult repairs, frantic searches for backups, or even a reinstall if the problem is serious.
Using apt is the best option when possible. Dependencies will be automatically fetched and installed, and packages are built using reliable build server configurations at launchpad, minimizing failures. Packages can be searched through aptitude or other such tools, and updates will be easily facilitated via the update manager. Since dependencies also come from apt, the package is more likely to interact with dependencies properly. Packages are tested via Lintian as with debs, but the testing, combined with highly stable build servers, make for even more stable packages. Since the packages pass through Ubuntu's build servers, most likely they will be tweaked to integrate with the rest of the OS. Multiple versions of the same package cannot be installed. Since Ubuntu's build servers are used for PPAs, there is less change you'll break apt due to auto-linitianing.

Updating:

With a tarball, you will get no updates, unless the program has its own check for them. With that, you will need to install such updates manually, and they won't be consolidated in a single place. You will probably be able to get nightly or even current source code in a tarball to compile and install. If you need bleeding-edge code, that may be useful.
With debian, packages will only be updated if you have the repository for them. Developers will most likely make debian packages a bit behind the bleeding edge source, but betas are often found with debs online.
With apt, packages will be updated very easily. Updates are consolidated in one place, the update manager, and are done automatically or semi-automatically. Unless you are on an alpha or beta of Ubuntu, you will be using well-tested versions, even if they are a version or two behind the current upstream source. Security updates will be pushed as soon as they are lightly tested to make sure they don't make the situation even worse. This means that your security will be protected with timely updates, but these updates will be checked to avoid data loss.

Security:

Tarballs are not digitally signed in any way. They may be mangled or modified by malicious third parties. Even if you do a hashsum(Avoid MD5), you should still trust the owner of the site and the author of the package, since they provide SHA- or MD5-sums.
Debian packages are not signed, however dpkg will not allow a debian package to overwrite the files of another, so a malicious deb can't destroy init or mess with bash by overwriting it. You should always trust the website and the author of the package.
apt uses signed keys for repositories, so they can;t be mangled without a red flag coming up. PPA uploads are digitally signed so non-owners of the PPA cannot put up broken or unsafe packages. The no-overwrite for files of another package is also enforced. Of course, you should trust the PPA or repository owner, as unchecked packages with malicious code will execute upon being run.


Installed basic systems (alias minimal systems with text mode interface) made from an Ubuntu mini.iso file can have problems displaying the text. I know that this can happen with Intel graphics. It may affect computers with other graphics chips/cards too.

The following hotkey combinations can help to activate the terminal and get text on the screen:

ctrl + alt + F2  and maybe after that ctrl + alt + F1


Can't boot into Ubuntu after Windows 8.1 upgrade, boot-repair doesn't fix it

TRY THIS FIRST

In Win 8.1 hold down SHIFT while you click on Restart.  It should bring Advanced Startup Options.  You should be able to select your Ubuntu startup partition from there and then boot into it.

Saves the trouble of re-installing, but you have to ask Windows to load Ubuntu...


What graphical libraries are available for Bash shell scripting?

Zenity is a tool to create dialogs and that is about it. No 3D in Bash. You need a coding language for that and not a shell script language.

It has the following options:

  --calendar                             Display calendar dialog
  --entry                                Display text entry dialog
  --error                                Display error dialog
  --info                                 Display info dialog
  --file-selection                       Display file selection dialog
  --list                                 Display list dialog
  --notification                         Display notification
  --progress                             Display progress indication dialog
  --question                             Display question dialog
  --warning                              Display warning dialog
  --scale                                Display scale dialog
  --text-info                            Display text information dialog

To create graphical methods for input by the user.

Example:

#!/bin/sh

if zenity --entry \
--title="Add new profile" \
--text="Enter name of new profile:" \
--entry-text "NewProfile"
  then echo $?
  else echo "No name entered"
fi

would show ...

But this is very much limited to those options.

If you want to create 3D applications (like games) use Python (pygame is a good choice), Perl or C/C++.

howtogeek has some more examples.


Is it possible to turn off Ubuntu Server's GUI Screensaver

In the /etc/default/grub file you should have a line that has something along the lines of GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash".

Edit that line to add consoleblank=0 like so GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash consoleblank=0". You can use any regular text editor like vim or nano, or whatever you're comfortable with.

After that run sudo update-grub and then reboot.

This should solve the issue.


Can I arrange the categories in Unity's dash?

Not right now, there is no way to manually rearrange elements ATM. May be something will be added in 11.10

There is also a bug report filed about this behavior:  https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/737379


I'm not sure about the proper driver, but at least AstroDMx Capture works with this camera in my Xubuntu 16.04.7.
The latest version, however, needs some newer libraries, but older version (0.68.1) worked out-of-box perfectly.


can not reinstall grub after windows install: btrfs subvolumes

Ah, the trick with the subvolume is to mount the partition like this:

sudo mount -t btrfs -o subvol=@ /dev/sda5 /mnt

update-grub succeeds.

I needed to do these steps as well (via How can I repair grub? (How to get Ubuntu back after installing Windows?))

grub-install /dev/sda
update-grub # In order to find and add windows to grub menu.


How to compare output of a running process?

You can use diff util.

Suppose you have your golden file, and another that I changed.

I don't have your program running, so I wrote this simulation:

#!/bin/bash
    while read -r line; do
        echo "$line";
        sleep 1;
    done < bad_file

It reads from another file (bad_file), and output line by line every second.

Now running this script, and redirect it output to log file.

$ simulate > log &

Also I wrote checker script:

#!/bin/bash

helper(){
    echo "This script takes two file pathes as arguments."
    echo "$0 path/to/file1 path/to/file2"
}

validate_input(){
    if [[ $# != 2 ]]; then
        helper
        exit 1
    fi

    if [[ ! -f "$1" ]]; then
        echo "$1" file is not exist.
        helper
        exit 1
    fi
    if [[ ! -f "$2" ]]; then
        echo "$2" file is not exist.
        helper
        exit 1
    fi
}

diff_files(){
# As input takes two file and check
# difference between files. Only checks
# number of lines you have right now in
# your $2 file, and compare it with exactly
# the same number of lines in $1
    diff -q -a -w <(tail -n+"$ULINES" $1 | head -n "$CURR_LINE") <(tail -n+"$ULINES" $2 | head -n "$CURR_LINE")
}

get_curr_lines(){
# count of lines currenly have minus ULINES
    echo "$[$(cat $1 | wc -l) - $ULINES]"
}

print_diff_lines(){
    diff -a -w --unchanged-line-format="" --new-line-format=":%dn: %L" "$1" "$2" | grep -o ":[0-9]*:" | tr -d ":"
}

ULINES=15 # count of first unused lines. How many first lines to ignore

validate_input "$1" "$2"
CURR_LINE=$(get_curr_lines "$2") # count of lines currenly have minus ULINES

if [[ $CURR_LINE < 0 ]];then
    exit 0
fi

IS_DIFF=$(diff_files "$1" "$2")
if [[ -z "$IS_DIFF" ]];then
    echo "Do nothing if they are the same"
else
    echo "Do something if files already different"
    echo "Line number: " `print_diff_lines "$1" "$2"`
fi

Don't forget to make it executable chmod +x checker.sh.

This script takes two argument. First argument is path to your golden file, second argument path to your log file.

$ ./checker.sh path_to_golden path_to_log

This checker count number of lines you have right now in your log file, and compare it with exactly the same number of lines in golden_file.

You run checker every second, and execute kill command if needed

If you want you can write bash function to run checker.sh every second:

$ chk_every() { while true; do ./checker.sh $1 $2; sleep 1; done; }

Part of previous answer about diff

You can compare them line by line as text file

From man diff

NAME
   diff - compare files line by line

   -a, --text
          treat all files as text

   -q, --brief
          report only when files differ

   -y, --side-by-side
          output in two columns

If we compare our files:

$ diff -a <(tail -n+15 file1) <(tail -n+15 file2)

We will see this output:

2905c2905
< Solutions: 0.686669
---
> Solutions: 0.686670
2959c2959
< Solutions: 0.279124
---
> Solutions: 0.279125
3030c3030
< Solutions: 0.539016
---
> Solutions: 0.539017
3068c3068
< Solutions: 0.308278
---
> Solutions: 0.308279

It show the line that differs

And here is final command, I assuming you don't want to check first 15 lines:

$ diff -y -a <(tail -n+15 file1) <(tail -n+15 file2)

It will show you all differences in two columns. If you only want to know is there any difference use this:

$ diff -q -a <(tail -n+15 file1) <(tail -n+15 file2)

It will print nothing if files are the same


SOLVED Ubuntu has mapped left Ctrl key to my fn key on my hp laptop Ubuntu 14.04

Ok I just found an answer to this yesterday. It turns out it's not Ubuntu that is the problem, something with the BIOS got messed up. So what fixed it is just unplugging the computer and taking the battery out for a couple of seconds : ) such a frustrating problem yet so easy to solve.


control mouse with keyboard and web browsing

You should be able to control the acceleration settings of the mouse in the "Mouse Keys" tab of the "Keyboard Preferences" (source):

Ubuntu 12.10
 These settings are found under:

Settings > Universal Access > Pointing and Clicking > Mouse Keys (disable)

Alternatively, you may be interested in these:

keynav (sudo apt-get install keynav):

Keynav  makes your keyboard a fast mouse cursor mover. You can
   move the cursor to any point on the  screen  with  a  few  key
   strokes.  It also simulates mouse click. You can do everything
   mouse can do with a keyboard.
Gizmo Daemon :

  Gizmod is a utility for enabling alternative input devices to be used in Linux. This includes such devices as the PowerMate USB dial, fancy keyboards and mice with buttons not recognized or supported by X. Gizmod allows per application event mappings.


Have you been resizing partitions? Pending the output of sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda I wonder if the partition /dev/sda3 as defined by the disk partition table (which fdisk will tell us) is 70.50 GiB, while the filesystem on the partition is only 25 GB.

If that is correct, then it would appear that GParted has a bug in that it assumes the filesystem is the same size as the disk partition, asks the filesystem how much space is free, and then assumes the rest of the disk partition is used.

Also, if that is correct, then you should be able to resize the filesystem to fill the partition. Backup any valuable data and then boot off a live CD (or live USB stick) and without mounting the partition, run

sudo resize2fs  -p  /dev/sda3

Then leave well alone until it is done and reboot.


Ubuntu 18.04 system broken after uninstalling openssl

Hmm, that's rough.  You might want to try downloading the package manually (on another computer or via the live disc) from the Ubuntu packages site.  Here's how I'd do it.

Figure out if you still have the dependencies by running sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep install | grep -e libc6 -e libssl1.1.  Here, libc6 and libssl1.1 are the required packages.  Make sure in the output, each of these is present and they are followed by a colon and the architecture of your system (e.g., libc6:amd64).  If you are missing these, you will need to get them as well (use this same process, just complete them first).
On another computer or a live disc, download the .deb file from the packages site (make sure you get the one that is for your version of Ubuntu and your processor architecture) and copy it onto the broken system.
Navigate to the directory with the .deb file and run sudo dpkg -i <OPENSSL_PACKAGE>.deb
Update your system to make sure things have been repaired sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade.  You may have to reinstall the software center.

That should resolve your issue without you needing to reinstall your system, but I haven't tested it myself.

If you get into a chain of missing dependencies and you don't know the order in which to install the packages, it looks like there is a script to help with that.


How can i compile C++ files through Visual Studio Code

I had this problem too when I switched to Ubuntu (I'm kind of new too, so I will try to be very clear I understand it's more complicated than Windows). I don't know your experience but, first of all, it is not like any Windows compiler (like devc, borland, etc) where it will output your values on a external console (unless you are debugging). So this are the steps to get a program to work:

You need to install g++ sudo apt-get install g++ and show the compiler where is the include route in a file named c_cpp_properties.json in the linux section, like this:

"name": "Linux",
    "includePath": [
        "/usr/include/c++/7",
        "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/7",
        "/usr/include/c++/7/backward",
        "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include",
        "/usr/local/include",
        "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include-fixed",
        "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu",
        "/usr/include",
        "/usr/bin/g++",
        "${workspaceRoot}"

First select the folder you are going to work (it's going to be your workspace).
You need to build your program before you put it to work, so you need to create a "task" to do that, so you go to the command pallet (Ctrl+P) and type:

Tasks: Configure Default Build Tasks

That is going to create a task.json and you will have to pick an option (MsBuild, dotNet, Other, etc). So you are going to select "Other" and you will change some values like this:

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "echo",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "g++",
            "args": [
                "-g","Erlang_B_Correcto.cpp"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        }
    ]
}

Now press Ctrl+Shift+B
Now, if your program has no errors, is going to output something like this in the integrated terminal

  Executing task in folder YourFolder: g++ -g YourProgram.cpp

and is going to create a file named a.out in your workspace folder, I recommend you download an extension named CodeRunner: it adds a play button on the right top corner that you only click and runs the program without debugging.
The thing is, it can only output. I mean: if you are expecting the user to input values, you can't (As I said before, I'm also new so I'm not entirely sure you can't).
Finally, if you want to debug, you need to configure that one lauch.json you uploaded in the images to something like this:

{
// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [

    {
        "name": "(gdb) Launch",
        "type": "cppdbg",
        "request": "launch",
        "program": "/home/carlosrpz26/Documents/C++ Programas/a.out",
        "args": [],
        "stopAtEntry": false,
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
        "environment": [],
        "externalConsole": true,
        "MIMode": "gdb",
        "setupCommands": [
            {
                "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                "ignoreFailures": true
            }
        ]
    }
  ]
}

https://imgur.com/ioMdDzZ

Pro tip: I would recommend a darker theme!


isight camera on quantal is erratic (macbook air 4,2)

I think that there is a problem with your camera driver. Just check for updates and install them.


Upgrading process terminated! How to fix it?

Run sudo apt-get -f install first. After that, try sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade.


Guys the problem was VSYNC.What was happening was screen tearing, but i didn't even knew what it was kkk

So, i just looked up on some forums about how to enable vsync on nvidia graphics card, and it works. Now i can play sooo smoothly.

I can't remember how i did it tough, but i edited some text xorg thing and it worked, pretty easy


welcome to the world of ubuntu, the way itself is the light, so enjoy it (;

first i'd recommend you use a boot able USB which you can create with UNETBOOTIN on windows. its a better solution because you don't have to burn a new DVD for every version, its faster, and you can reuse the stick aftwerwards. (but, you need a free 1gb stick) try it again, it may have been just a read write failure on the DVD. (simply plug it in, change your primary boot device to something like USB-DISK | FDD and voilà)

have fun, and let us know how it worked, spheniscida


Upgrade shows many errors (mount command missing)

Boot from an Ubuntu live cd/usb. You should be able to access what was your Ubuntu partition from this so that you can back up any important files (I must stress this: please back up your files for your own sake). Then, install and run boot repair:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install boot-repair && gksudo boot-repair

This code adds the Boot Repair repository, installs Boot Repair, and runs Boot Repair. Once Boot Repair is open, click the button that reads "Recommended repair (repairs most frequent problems)." Once it finishes, reboot.

If you still can't boot to your Ubuntu partition, then boot back onto the live cd/usb and run Boot Repair again, this time clicking Advanced Options. Check "Reinstall GRUB" if it is not already checked and check "Repair File Systems." Then click "GRUB Options." Check "Purge GRUB before reinstalling it" and "Purge kernels and reinstall last kernel." Click "Apply" to run the repairs. Follow all instructions given on-screen. After Boot Repair finishes, reboot. Hopefully you should be able to boot into Ubuntu again.

If even that doesn't work, then do a clean install of Ubuntu (This will overwrite your files, so again: back them up. Please.). On the screen that gives you the option of overwriting all other operating systems or installing alongside, go to "Something Else" and select the partitions (root and swap [just look for the one with an ext4 file system for the root, and the one labeled "swap" for the swap]) that you were using for Ubuntu previously and tell the installer to use these partitions for the new installation. Unless you want to get rid of Windows, then you can just select to overwrite.


Yes it is.

The idea is that you edit your lightdm configuration file (/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf)
and set the greeter-setup-script variable to start conky.

A complete example might be found at:
http://vogelchr.blogspot.com.br/2012/11/ligthdm-custom-app-on-login-screen.html


The --ingroup option of adduser changes/adds the Primary group of the added user, and the primary group of a user is stored in the /etc/passwd file, in the : separated fourth field, as numeric GID.

So sudo is reading the /etc/passwd file, and finding that the user someuser has the primary group sudo, so the sudo commands are working perfectly.

Now, /etc/group's sudo group entry still would not show the membership, because /etc/group only stores the secondary group membership, not primary.


I suggest that you might be among the lucky few who have a wifi chipset that is capable of WoWLAN, the wireless implementation of wake-on-lan.  I've been checking into all of mine for this capability, and unfortunately, only 1 of my several machines has it...

Not sure if it can be disabled, but it might be worth looking into, in your case.


python - how to list to installed pachage using python

It can be done using the Python APT API:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import apt
cache = apt.Cache()
for pkg in cache:
    if pkg.is_installed:
        print(pkg)

This uses the apt.cache (which contains information about the current package management state, including installation status) and apt.package (details on a specific package) objects.


MacBook pro to full Ubuntu by removing HDD

"is it possible to install Ubuntu externally from the MacBook"

No.  When you install Ubuntu, the installation is tailored to your hardware.  If you remove a hard drive from a PC's Ubuntu installtion, it will not work on your MacBook.  You will need to install Ubuntu to the device on which you intend to use Ubuntu.

You should also probably format the disk where you intend to install Ubuntu before beginning the installation.  This can be done easily using the Disks (gnome-disk-utility) application on the LiveUSB (The "Try Ubuntu" option).  Then you will have a clean slate to install Ubuntu.

If you are having problems after you sucessfully boot into the Ubuntu USB, the USB is probably corrupted.  This could be from a corrupt .ISO or a bad flash or faulty hardware.  Make sure that you have verified the checksum/integrity of your .ISO before flashing it to a USB.  Once you have verified the integrity of your download, the easiest, no-nonsense, way to flash that .ISO to a USB is using the cross-platform Etcher tool.  Also consider that the USB device you are using could be corrupted, so you may want to try a different flash drive or another USB port.


Here are the things worked for me.. (original source http://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-install-vnc-server-on-ubuntu-14.04 )

do these

(1) run sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

(2)run sudo apt-get install gnome-core xfce4 vnc4server

(3)then add users (vncserver/unix)

sudo adduser test1

(you will have to fill details afterwards for the user, I have added 3 users (test1, test2, test3 etc for vnc server)

(4)Then you have to switch users one by one and run vncserver and add password for vncuser login (I have three vnc users, so that i had to repeat this for all three user test 1, test2, test3)

su - test1

then run

vncserver

out put will be like this prompting for a vnc password..

You will require a password to access your desktops.

Password:
Verify:

xauth:  file /home/test1/.Xauthority does not exist
New 'server1:1 (test1)' desktop is server1:1
Creating default startup script /home/test1/.vnc/xstartup
Starting applications specified in /home/test1/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/test1/.vnc/server1:1.log

(5) Important : you will have to replace /home/test1/.vnc/xstartup content with below (Else you will not get the desktop, instead you will stuck with blank screen without user interfaces or menus )

vim /home/test1/.vnc/xstartup

and add

#!/bin/sh
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
startxfce4 &

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &

(6) startup script for the vncserver was created using "Further I will make the startup script for the vncserver like this" section of this tute

sudo vim /etc/init.d/vncserver

and add below content..

#!/bin/bash

unset VNCSERVERARGS
VNCSERVERS=""
[ -f /etc/vncserver/vncservers.conf ] && . /etc/vncserver/vncservers.conf
prog=$"VNC server"
start() {
 . /lib/lsb/init-functions
 REQ_USER=$2
 echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
 ulimit -S -c 0 >/dev/null 2>&1
 RETVAL=0
 for display in ${VNCSERVERS}
 do
 export USER="${display##*:}"
 if test -z "${REQ_USER}" -o "${REQ_USER}" == ${USER} ; then
 echo -n "${display} "
 unset BASH_ENV ENV
 DISP="${display%%:*}"
 export VNCUSERARGS="${VNCSERVERARGS[${DISP}]}"
 su ${USER} -c "cd ~${USER} && [ -f .vnc/passwd ] && vncserver :${DISP} ${VNCUSERARGS}"
 fi
 done
}
stop() {
 . /lib/lsb/init-functions
 REQ_USER=$2
 echo -n $"Shutting down VNCServer: "
 for display in ${VNCSERVERS}
 do
 export USER="${display##*:}"
 if test -z "${REQ_USER}" -o "${REQ_USER}" == ${USER} ; then
 echo -n "${display} "
 unset BASH_ENV ENV
 export USER="${display##*:}"
 su ${USER} -c "vncserver -kill :${display%%:*}" >/dev/null 2>&1
 fi
 done
 echo -e "\n"
 echo "VNCServer Stopped"
}
case "$1" in
start)
start $@
;;
stop)
stop $@
;;
restart|reload)
stop $@
sleep 3
start $@
;;
condrestart)
if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/vncserver ]; then
stop $@
sleep 3
start $@
fi
;;
status)
status Xvnc
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}"
exit 1
esac

to make it an executable run the following..

chmod +x /etc/init.d/vncserver

(7) To make vnc desktop sessions allocated for users at start up automatically, create following script in /etc/vncserver

sudo mkdir -p /etc/vncserver
sudo vim /etc/vncserver/vncservers.conf

add this in vncservers.conf (this is because i have my users as test1, test2, test3 change it according to )

VNCSERVERS="3:test3 2:test2 1:test1"
VNCSERVERARGS[1]="-geometry 1024x768"
VNCSERVERARGS[2]="-geometry 1024x768"
VNCSERVERARGS[3]="-geometry 1024x768"

(8) Then run

sudo `update-rc.d vncserver defaults 99`

(9) reboot server (you are almost done by now) step 10 and the rest is how to login part

(10)download http://www.realvnc.com/download/viewer/

enter servername/ipaddress and session id
for example my server is 172.16.70.17 and if i use 172.16.70.17:2 it will login to test2 user desktop.. and 172.16.70.17:3 will login to test3 user desktop like wise

make sure encryption to be selected "Prefer off"

Then you can access your desktop and applications in this manner..


how do I bring a vm created with testdrive under kvm or qemu?

On my system testrive puts the image files in ~/.cache/testdrive/images. You can just use normal kvm to launch any of those images, for example:

kvm -m 2048 -hda ~/.cache/testdrive/images/testdrive-disk-SauBO5.img

Launches the image with 2 gigs of RAM.

KVM manpage


Is there a way to collect RAM usage stats?

How about using smemstat?  Running it once will show you the memory usage at that instance, where as running it in periodic mode will show the memory delta of processes over time:

one shot mode:

smemstat

period mode (say every 60 seconds for 100 samples:)

smemstat 60 100


youtube videos say: "This video is currently unavailable." when using Chrome

One thing that worked for me was disabling the "VLC Multimedia Plugin" in chrome://plugins. Then I discovered this question, which suggested replacing the chromium-codecs-ffmpeg package with chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra. One

sudo apt-get install chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra

(which automatically removed the non--extra version) later and everything was working perfectly.


Do new installs of 17.10 have a "cog" at sign-in to choose display server?

17.10 runs per default on Wayland (at least the normal Gnome version of it runs on Wayland by default). The cogwheel is for cases when you have programs which wont work with Wayland like the most screen-recorders and VNC programs.

For this reason you have the ability to switch back to Xorg at login. If however your computer is not capable of running Wayland you are set by default to Xorg and then you will see no cogwheel to chose the display manager, it would only turn up if you for example install a second desktop environment.


You need at least 8.5GB disk space to install Ubuntu. This computer has only 4.0GB?

Please change your partition table, the terabyte of diskspace is not selected. The drive you have choose for installation is a flash drive(usb), here your have to chose Your hdd which will be like:  /dev/sda
Have a look again and select right drive.


ThinkPad X1 Yoga 3rd Gen on Ubuntu 20.04, stylus calibration erratic

This is most likely a bug in the GNOME Control Center. I would file an issue at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-control-center/-/issues/ which describes the problem and the developers may be able to help. It would help them to know if you have any external displays connected (along with their resolution and layout) or if only the Yoga's internal display is present.


Well it failed to fetch because Ubuntu Natty has reached EOL(End Of Life). So you need to update your source list to install this package.

But I was wondering how saucy came into your source list while you were using natty. This is misleading. Taking in account that your system is Natty, follow the steps updating your source list so you can install packages from old repo archive.

Backup current source list.

mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old
create a new source list

nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Paste the following in it.

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Exit the editor

Ctrl +x

Y
Now update

sudo apt-get update
Install your required package. Thats it.


Resizing swap partition after installing Ubuntu 12.04

I recommend you use gParted, a pretty easy-to-use GUI tool to do partitioning stuff.

If the unpartitioned space is physically directly allocated next to your current swap partition, you can just change its size to also cover the free space. This is easy.

But if there are other partitions between the free space and the old swap, you have to move the partitions in between them. This takes a bit more time and is risky (there is always the danger of losing data when you edit partitions - do a backup first!), but also possible. However, you should avoid moving (bootable) system partitions, as this could get you in trouble at the next restart...

Anyway, about what amount of space are we talking? Having swap partitions bigger than maybe 2x RAM size or 8GB (values guessed by myself!) does not lead to better performance. It will just lay there useless.


Ubuntu doesn't recognize my second screen after a forced restart

You may have one (or more) of the following issues:

- The power outage may have damaged your monitor
- Your Ubuntu system may have replaced the working driver with a different one
- The power outage may have damaged your NVidia card

Since you claim that is was working before you should not have to worry about compatibility issues, but I recommend updating your system and rebooting before proceeding.

Steps to determine the root cause:

When the monitor is powered on, are you able to access the configuration menu?  If not then you need to replace the monitor or have it repaired.

If the monitor powers on and you are able to access the config menu then check your connections.  If you connect it to another machine using the same cable does it work?  If so then you have eliminated half the possible causes.  Do a happy dance.
Connect the monitor back to your Ubuntu computer and power off, power on the machine (not a reboot.)
Damage to the video card is difficult to diagnose if it is partially working.  Lets attack this from the other end now and see where we end up.  Log in to your Ubuntu system, open the system settings pane (the gear icon) from the launcher or navigate to the search (the Ubuntu icon)for look for System Settings.
From the System Settings pane, click on Software & Updates.  Then click on the Additional Drivers tab.  This will cause Ubuntu to search your hardware and attempt to identify any proprietary drivers in use currently, and any that are available for your installed hardware:

If you do not see your driver listed, you may need to install the NVidia Current package from the software center, or type the following into the Terminal:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

Return to the Additional Drivers tab afterward and confirm that you have at least one driver available.  I recommend using the binary vendor drivers over the generic Nouveau driver when available, as certain devices will have additional features, performance tweaks, and conditions not covered by Nouveau.

After setting up the new display driver, reboot your system.

After the reboot, navigate to the Displays pane form the System Settings pane.  If both displays are not showing up, click the Identify Displays button and ensure that the number you are expecting for the working display is the one you are expecting to see.

If you are still not seeing both of them you may have a video card issue.  To diagnose you will first need to determine what hardware you are seeing attached to your machine .  To do this you will need to have the lshw installed.  This is provided by the command line and graphical packages:

sudo apt install -y lshw  #command line only
sudo apt install -y lshw-gtk #graphical installer

Run lshw and search for your NVidia device:

In the above example, you see I have an NVidia GeForce 210 card attached, with a single HDMI display, and because it is HDMI you can also see the corresponding audio device that sends audio to the attached television.  In the NVidia device's *-display section notice that it shows this:

physical id:0

You card has multiple outputs.  As such you should see your display ports showing up and either additional physical id: 1 device entries, or even subdevices as mine shows under the *-multimedia serction.  They would look like this:

physical id: 0.1

If you are able to see these devices in your lshw output then your system recognizes them and your hardware should be good.

If you are still having issues and were unable to identify the and resolve the issue, you can find additional Uubntu video driver troubleshooting info here:

Manually Installing Specific NVidia Drivers

Hopefully this helps you out.  If not leave comments and I will monitor them.


In terminal:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

Make sure to allow installation of ms-fonts via your keyboard tab.

After that VLC should VOB.


What's Ubuntu's default terminal spell checker?

Ubuntu apparently comes with two spell-check programs by default:

$ apropos spell
aspell (1)           - interactive spell checker
aspell-autobuildhash (8) - Autobuilding aspell hash files for some dicts
aspell-import (1)    - import old personal dictionaries into GNU Aspell
enchant (1)          - a spellchecker
enchant-lsmod (1)    - Show information about available spell-checking module...

enchant is also an ispell-compatible spell-checker, and is listed in the ISO manifest, so it is installed by default.

And though it is not installed by default, Vim's full-fledged versions also support spell-checking, and do better in more complex files (for example, spell-checking only text in HTML).


Is --supported-target-version a supported option for mkinitramfs, as shown on the man page?

It's not. These options were removed over a decade ago. The manpage was only fixed a month ago.


KDE - change the look of buttons, radios, etc

Kvantum themes allow for customizing all of this.


Trying to mount a partition at installation

Don't select the NTFS partition at installation stage. Leave it alone.
After Ubuntu is installed, you'll be able to use that partition and/or mount it permanently somewhere.
Note: Having an NTFS partition on a system that doesn't have Windows installed is a bad idea. You won't be able to repair it properly if there is a problem.
I recommend to backup the data and create a Linux partition. You can do it later as well.


The command pecl list lists the installed packages in the default channel. In the below code block the default channel is pecl.php.net

The command pecl search mongodb searches for the latest stable version of mongodb. Results of pecl search mongodb :

pecl search mongodb
Retrieving data...0%
Matched packages, channel pecl.php.net:
=======================================
Package Stable/(Latest) Local
mongodb 1.3.4 (stable)        MongoDB driver for PHP

When you are checking for mongodb version 1.3.0 you are getting the message Mongo db driver not found because the latest stable version of mongodb is not 1.3.0, it is 1.3.4. Check if the version of mongodb that you have installed is 1.3.4, and if so change your code accordingly.

According to your comment, you are using mongodb, not mongo. In line 4 of your PHP code change phpversion('mongo') to phpversion('mongodb').


How to switch the screen illumination off and continue typing?

It depends on your video card and drivers. If the graphical brightness tools in Mate, gnome, kde and your keyboard keys do not work you have to manually edit the /sys/class/backlight file.

The location varies by graphics card , look in /sys/class as in the question you linked.

Some cards use values of 0-255 , others 0-10

You can script this if you wish

How to change LCD brightness from command line (or via script)?

Sometimes you can fix it by adding

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor"

Update your question with better hardware information and I can update my answer.


implement filter in unity-scopes with python

I'm trying to do something similar for the clementine scope and I think I made some progress. I modified the do_get_filters in the following way

    def do_get_filters(self):
        '''
        Adds filters
        '''
        fs = Unity.FilterSet.new()
        if FILTERS:
            fil = Unity.MultiRangeFilter.new(FILTERS[0]['id'], FILTERS[0]['name'],
                                             Gio.ThemedIcon.new(FILTERS[0]['icon']),
                                             FILTERS[0]['collapsed'])
            fs.add(fil)

            fil = Unity.RadioOptionFilter.new(FILTERS[1]['id'], FILTERS[1]['name'],
                                              Gio.ThemedIcon.new(FILTERS[1]['icon']),
                                              FILTERS[1]['collapsed'])
            fs.add(fil)
        return fs

after defining FILTERS as

f1 = {'id': 'decade',
      'name': _('Decade'),
      'icon': '',
      'collapsed': True}

f2 = {'id': 'genre',
      'name': _('Genre'),
      'icon': '',
      'collapsed': True}

FILTERS = [f1, f2]

At this point, you can do something like this in the do_run method of the MySearch class

    def do_run(self):
        '''
        Adds results to the model
        '''
        try:
            decade, genre = self.search_context.filter_state.get_filters()

            if decade.get_first_active():
                start_year = int( decade.get_first_active().get_property('id') )
            else:
                start_year = 0
            if decade.get_last_active():
                if decade.get_last_active().get_property('id') == '0':
                    end_year = 1950 + 9
                else:
                    end_year = int( decade.get_last_active().get_property('id') ) + 9
            else:
                end_year = 3000

and after that

            result_set = self.search_context.result_set
            for i in search(self.search_context.search_query,
                            self.search_context.filter_state):
                if not (start_year < i['year'].get_int32() < end_year) :
                    continue
                if not 'uri' in i or not i['uri'] or i['uri'] == '':
                    continue
                if not 'icon' in i or not i['icon'] or i['icon'] == '':
                    i['icon'] = DEFAULT_RESULT_ICON
                if not 'mimetype' in i or not i['mimetype'] or i['mimetype'] == '':
                    i['mimetype'] = DEFAULT_RESULT_MIMETYPE
                if not 'result_type' in i or not i['result_type'] or i['result_type'] == '':
                    i['result_type'] = DEFAULT_RESULT_TYPE
                if not 'category' in i or not i['category'] or i['category'] == '':
                    i['category'] = 0
                if not 'title' in i or not i['title']:
                    i['title'] = ''
                if not 'comment' in i or not i['comment']:
                    i['comment'] = ''
                if not 'dnd_uri' in i or not i['dnd_uri'] or i['dnd_uri'] == '':
                    i['dnd_uri'] = i['uri']
                i['provider_credits'] = GLib.Variant('s', PROVIDER_CREDITS)
                result_set.add_result(**i)
        except Exception as error:
            print(error)

The genre part should be similar, I have to implement it yet though.


How to add special characters in ~/.bashrc file?

The solution was very simple thanks to schrodigerscatcuriosity. The way to do this would be: alias confs="grep -nr '<<<<<<<'". No extra escape characters are needed