What is terminal command line that tells me where system has assigned TMPDIR?

The closest I can imagine to "where system has assigned TMPDIR" is the directory that is used when programs invoke the mktemp command.

As explained in the mktemp manual page, this is determined by the environment variable $TMPDIR, falling back to /tmp if the variable is unset

-p DIR, --tmpdir[=DIR]
       interpret TEMPLATE relative to DIR; if DIR is not specified, use
       $TMPDIR  if set, else /tmp.  With this option, TEMPLATE must not
       be an absolute  name;  unlike  with  -t,  TEMPLATE  may  contain
       slashes, but mktemp creates only the final component

You can check to see if $TMPDIR is set on your system using echo $TMPDIR - or more directly, you could run the mktemp command with -u or --dry-run to see what directory it would use

-u, --dry-run
       do not create anything; merely print a name (unsafe)

e.g.

$ mktemp -u
/tmp/tmp.sP1jgc38gg

which confirms that in this case it is using /tmp.


Where are the window manager config files?

They are "hidden" in your home directory. Hidden files have a "." in the front. For kde they are in ~/.kde. what are you looking for exactly ? – bodhi.zazen Dec 11 '11 at 23:30


Postfix suddenly hostname (MX) not found error, now can't send emails, recieve just fine

I would make sure you can reach dns and receive replies properly. Make sure you don't have two separate dns servers in your config that are not exact duplicates or it can cause issues of inaccurate dns lookups. If none of this, I would check if your dns provider changed MX records at all.


How to completely remove chromium browser from Ubuntu 18.04

did you try to do this?

sudo apt purge --remove chromium-browser -y
sudo apt autoremove && sudo apt autoclean -y

Please be aware that it will delete all user saved bookmarks, history etc once you enter these commands.

Assuming you are using Ubuntu, click on the dash button in the launcher and search for 'System info'. Then, open 'System info' and move to 'Default applications' section. Then, click on the dropdown list next to Web. There, select 'Google Chrome' and it will be selected as the default web browser for your system.

Using GUI -
If you want to delete the settings from gnome [GUI], you must delete the config folder for that user (placed in its home, as a hidden folder, thus the . at the start of the name).

You may delete that folder using the terminal or you may open the home folder in Nautilus and press Ctrl+H to show the hidden files and folders, then delete the folder you want to delete as you would do with any other file.


Is it safe to move the beginning of an Ubuntu partition?

Everything in a partition is identified relative to the start point of the partition. Thus, moving the start of a partition will most likely involve modifying more data in the partition than moving the end point of a partition. The more data you modify, the greater the risk of an error creeping in because of a bug, an I/O error, a power failure, etc. Note that the data being moved is filesystem data structures, which are unusually sensitive -- if a bit gets flipped in, say, an MP3 file that you're copying, you might hear a glitch in playback for one file; but if a bit gets flipped in a critical filesystem data structure, you could lose access to a whole file, a whole directory tree, or even the entire filesystem. Thus, if at all possible, you should avoid moving the start point of a partition.

That said, partition moves involving the start point of a partition usually succeed just fine; I just wouldn't go so far as to describe them as being safe.

Note that the extra concern with Windows partitions is a result of BIOS-mode boot loader code. As MoonSweep says, GRUB doesn't work the same way and so Linux partitions aren't as susceptible to these problems. Furthermore, EFI-mode boot loaders for Windows also don't rely as much on absolute partition locations, so you're more likely to get away with such moves of NTFS if the computer boots using EFI than if it boots using BIOS.


Assigning a path as a variable in bash file

I have modified my bash file as follows and it worked!

#! /bin/bash

path=/usr/local/driveworks/tools/capture

cd $path

...


Focusrite Solo Interface has a direct monitor switch.
When switch is set to 'on' audio inputs to interface are connected direct to interface outputs. This allows input to be heard with no additional delay due to interface/pc

suspect you have monitor switch 'on' so guitar with no effects or delay plus the delayed audio from guitarix, both connected to headphones. the two audio streams combined can create the same effect as a flanger/phaser/reverb/echo (depending on amount of system latency)

set monitor switch to 'Off' and only the one correct audio stream from guitarix should ba audible


How to stop Tracker indexing file contents?

These messages are related to Tracker (https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/Tracker/). In the log file it seems to report about everything that it has indexed so your idea about email might be true. According to this error report the problem is solved in Debian. And a bug report has been filed about it in Ubuntu.


How can I change the GRUB splash image in 18.04

A tutorial on grub splash screen images is Here

b)  sudo has to come first before your chmod command

c)  David answered your question on plymouth in the comments area

Cheers


As Xangua said, you need to download libdvdcss to play some restricted dvds. First, you need to install it:

sudo apt-get install libdvdread4

After that, do this:

sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

You might need to reboot it to get it to work. Click the link below for more help/info about this:

 RestrictedFormats/PlayingDVDs


TP-LINK TL-WN821N automatically disconnects

I suggest you to do the trick proposed in the comment 13 of this Launchpad bug, that is to blacklist the ar9170usb driver:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux-backports-modules-2.6.32/+bug/495562


How can I make a window display 1/4 of screen in a corner with combo keys?

Unfortunatelly (and quite difficult to understand), quarter tiling is not a feature of the current Gnome Shell desktop. However, there is a Gnome Shell extension,  WinTile: Windows 10 window tiling for GNOME by Fmstrat, that does exactly what you want: implement Windows 10 style tiling and quarter tiling.
It works well with Ubuntu 20.04 (Gnome Shell 3.36) even if the extension is reported to support only 3.34. A comment indicates it does not work anymore in 3.38 (forthcoming Ubuntu 20.10). Hopefully this extension will be updated on due time. It is hoped even more that Gnome developers will stabilize the interface for extension as to not continue discouraging developpers, who need to adapt their extensions to accommodate for poorly documented  changes in each version of Gnome Shell.


Version 12.10 wireless not working after upgrade

I found a very similar question, where you have to disable "n":

How do I get my Lenovo T61 to connect to a wireless network?

check it out, and good luck with your issue!


There are many solutions to your problem.

you can just chmod and give permissions to every one and thus the user of ftp will be able to delete.

This can be done with

sudo chmod 777 /var/www/Whatever-folder

BUT this is not recommended since though you a re giving the read write and execute permissions to all other users in your system.

  So What is the optimal solution for your problem?

Easily you can just make the ftp user which is called storage_01 as a member of the www-data group and thus this user will take the permissions of the group.

The syntax is

usermod -a -G {group-name} username

So in your case

sudo usermod -a -G www-data storage_01

And now the user storage_01 got the group permissions of www-data.

Another thing to take care of to test if you already had a permission for the group.

Another solution but it'll be more complicated is to make another new group which contains both users www-data and the storage_01 and then change ownership of the directories to that group.


Run pc windows program on Linux running thru harddrive?

Unfortunately, most applications installed on Windows are not "portable" - i.e., after installing them on one operating system, you can't just boot another operating system and run the installed program.

The reason is that the application is not only the program file on the drive - it is also its "registry" settings, it may install libraries into the operation system itself, maybe some configuration and so on. This is specifically true for applications like a dictation software that needs to hook into all kinds of dark corners of the operating system to support "typing" into other applications.

Dragon Naturally Speaking can - theoretically1 - be run under Linux using the Wine compatibility wrapper - see the Dragon Naturally Speaking WineHQ AppDB entry for details - as some versions work better than others, but you'd need to actually install another copy of Dragon into your Linux operating system using Wine, and for that you'd need access to the license details.

I'm not familiar with the specific program under which you have received a Dragon Naturally Speaking license, but if under that program you are entitled to a license key and not just a single installation, then you should be able to install two copies under the same license - as it is the same computer.

1 I have never tried this myself.


This is not a simple question at all.

As well as Debian’s one, official repository of Ubuntu includes free (mostly) and some non-free software in different sections, but their names are not so clear: main and universe consist of free packages, restricted and multiverse –  of non-free. Some of packages in the latter two could be really necessary to use you PC (like some firmwares and some drivers), but the rest are not.

Moreover, Ubuntu makes installing non-free software easy enough to be installed accidentely without realizing what did you install.

If you are concerned about non-free software on your PC, you might use aptitude to find out whether anything non-free is installed:

$ aptitude search '?installed (?section(restricted) | ?section(multiverse))'

or install a small utility vrms, and ask it:

$ vrms

If you are conserned a lot about using only free software, you might consider installing a Trisquel GNU/Linux, which is basically completely free Ubuntu.

As for the term ‘open source’, if you just use it as a synonym to ‘free / libre’, see all the above. But if you cares about Open Source Initiative opinion and want to follow it strictly (there are actually few who do it, but if), then even the main and universe sections of repository includes some software, which is not ‘open source’ according to OSI: OpenSSL is a most notable example. Yes, OpenSSL cannot be technically called ‘open source’ according to OSI (despite the http://openssl.org states the opposite), since its license is basically conjunction of license of SSLeay and 4-clause BSD License, so it inherited obnoxious BSD advertising clause, which is not OSI-approved.


wine1.6 : Depends: libgettextpo0 but it is not installable

You are going to install wine from a PPA.

The wine version compatible with Ubuntu 12.04 is 1.4. But it is going to install the version 1.6. Here is the problem.

The packages those mentioned as not installable or not going to be installed are already installed from main repository.

They are not compatible with the wine 1.6 which is to be installed.

The solution is either you have to remove the PPA and install wine from main repository (wine 1.4).

Can be done with:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install wine

Or remove the packages those mentioned as not installable or not going to be installed. and then install wine from PPA.

sudo apt-get remove libgettextpo0 binfmt-support gnome-exe-thumbnailer kde-runtime fonts-droid ttf-mscorefonts-installer fonts-horai-umefont fonts-unfonts-core winbind winetricks


wget only supports HTTP, HTTPS and FTP protocols. You are using port 139 which is normally not a port such a protocol is run over.

If you're trying to download a file from a Samba/Windows network share, have a look at mount.cifs.


What is the difference between primary group and secondary group in Ubuntu?

The primary group is the group applied to you when you log in using the usual methods (TTYs, GUI, SSH, etc.).

Since processes usually inherit the group of the parent, and your initial process or shell would have your primary group as the group, anything you do usually has the effect of the primary group on it (creating files, for example).

The secondary groups are the groups you can start processes as without using a group password, either via sg or to log in to via the newgrp command.

So if you have a primary group x and a secondary group y,

touch foo

will usually create a file with x as the group owner (unless the parent directory is SETGID to another group). However, you can do:

sg y 'touch bar'
# or
newgrp y
touch baz

Then bar and baz will be created with y as the group.

However, if you don't have a group in your secondary groups (say z), the sg and newgroup commands will ask for the group password if you use them with z.


One reason is disk caching.  There might be some data in the cache waiting to be written to a disk or USB drive, etc. where an instant turn off will drop the cache and whatever was there not written to disk will be lost.

To make matters worse, the disk cache doesn't just hold file content but file system meta-data.  If the latter is referred to by other file system meta-data already written to the underlying storage medium, the file system may become corrupted and you may not just lose a file or two but potentially (though unlikely) the whole file system.


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS wired internet extremely slow

Disconnect from Internet
Open your Terminal and execute the line:

sudo tee /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6 <<<"1"

Connect to the Internet again, and see if the problem still exists.


installed ubuntu 12.04 ( alongside xp ) cant boot into ubuntu

Well, it's normally a good idea to give around 2 Gig of swap space, but tha's probably not the problem in this case.

Try holding down Shift when you boot up. Sometimes, the Grub Bootloader won't display unless you hold down Shift while it's loading. There's a setting to fix/change that, but I forget what. If I ever manage to find it, I'll edit it in to this answer.
In the meantime, if that doesn't work, you may need to reinstall the Grub bootloader.


What does the "kvm disabled by bios" message during the boot process mean?

Well, is more or less what the error says. KVM is a Kernel-based Virtual Machine and some BIOS block the instructions that KVM uses. You can try some fixes in case that your BIOS is blocking it and the BIOS has KVM enabled:

  On some hardware (e-g HP nx6320), you need to power-off/power-on the    machine after enabling virtualization in the BIOS.
  Enabling some BIOS features may break VT support on some hardware    (e-g Enabling Intel AMT on a Thinkpad T500 will prevent kvm-intel
  from loading with "disabled by bios")
  On some Dell hardware, you also need to disable "Trusted Execution",    otherwise VT will not be enabled.

http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ#.22KVM:_disabled_by_BIOS.22_error


Should I buy a laptop with ATI/AMD on it?

I bought an hp dv6 which has a Quad Core and Radeon Dual Graphics and I was disappointed since trying install Ubuntu 11.10 on my laptop failed - either the laptop freezes or the screen goes black. My suggestion is not to get an AMD graphics card


installed kodak 3250 aio printer, but will not print

Install Kodak ESP AIO printer drivers package.

sudo apt-get install printer-driver-c2esp


What is Kiosk Type Session? How to have it? How to use it?

Kiosk mode stands for a machine with very restricted acting ability. Often it is used to allow quick internet access for user of the machine, but not much more.

Here is an instruction for Setting up a Ubuntu 10.04 Internet Kiosk.

Another possibility would be to use Gofris to reset the system settings after every reboot.


Precise to Trusty Upgrade? No Notification so far

I don't think you'll get it until the first point release, and it's probably worth waiting for LTS to LTS upgrades.


KdenLive Missing MLT module: sdl or rtaudio required for audio output

I do have the same problem using the snap version. Try to use the (older) apt version.

sudo apt install kdenlive

and make sure you execute


This has more to do with general application development than Quickly. Have a look at your home folder and press ctrl+h or the equivalent to show hidden files in your file manager.

Applications who need to store usersettings do this by creating a hidden folder (prefixed with a dot) and write the configuration files there. Other stuff like a database, extra plugins etc can be put here too.

This has to be done in the code at runtime, not during installion. Something like this should be enough:

import os
confdir = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), '.myapp')
conffile = os.path.join(confdir, 'myapp.conf')
if not os.path.exists(confdir):
    os.makedirs(confdir)
    with open(conffile, 'w') as f:
        f.write('This is the default config')

Have a look at the ConfigParser or JSON module to work with a configuration format.


Blank screen after I press try Ubuntu without installing

Istead of selecting anything, hit E to get the the startup script. On the 3rd or 4th line type:
"acpi _ osi=Linux acpi _ backlight=vendor"
before "quiet splash". That should get you past the black screen and then it should freeze up again at a purple screen...
That's as far as I have come.
Good luck! I'll post here if I figure it out. (There's a chance I might just give up! haha)


What is "openssl binaries" and "openssl development package"?

OpenSSL binaries are provided by package openssl. It "contains the openssl binary and related tools" (from openssl package description).

OpenSSL development package is libssl-dev. "SSL development libraries, header files and documentation" (from libssl-dev package description).


Nmap does not scan all 65535 TCP ports by default. Instead, it scans the 1000 most-common port numbers according to empirical data gathered in 2008 with minor updates. If your computer is using some of the 64535 remaining ports, it will not show up in Nmap's output. You can add -p 1-65535 or the equivalent shorthand -p- to scan all port numbers

Nmap also does not scan UDP ports by default. You can add -sU to add the UDP protocol. It will also only scan 1000 ports by default, but -p- will work to solve that as well. Note that because UDP services are not required to respond to arbitrary datagrams, UDP scanning is often very slow.

The other possibility is that you are misreading the output of netstat. Only ports in the LISTEN state are open. Others, such as ESTABLISHED can be outgoing connections or other things.


How to change the time for OS selection menu in GRUB?

Press Alt + F2
Type command, gksu gedit /etc/default/grub
change the GRUB_TIMEOUT value to 15 or 20 as required. (value in second)
or Setting timeout to -1 will make GRUB wait indefinitely until you manually select an entry and hit enter,
It should look like

GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
save it. Close gedit. Now open a terminal and run

sudo update-grub


Cannot access shared folders from Windows

This is not a samba issue. It is a Linux permissions issue.

  path = /media/peter/Torrents/down

Linux creates the /media/peter directory in such a way that it limits who can traverse it to peter and no one else. The guest user is not peter so it never gets to the /Torrents/down part of the path. One solution is to make the guest user appear to be you for that share by adding a force user = peter to the share definition:

[Down]
    comment = Torrent folder
    create mask = 0666
    directory mask = 0777
    force create mode = 0666
    force directory mode = 0777
    guest ok = Yes
    path = /media/peter/Torrents/down
    force user = peter
    read only = No

Then restart smbd: sudo service smbd restart


How do I install the default unity-lens packages?

With a quick search through the repos, these are the packages I have installed for lenses:

unity-lens-gwibber unity-lens-video unity-lens-friends unity-lens-files unity-lens applications unity-lens-music

Try installing them:

sudo apt-get install unity-lens-gwibber unity-lens-video unity-lens-friends unity-lens-files unity-lens applications unity-lens-music

And then run:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

I'm not sure this will work, it depends on what exactly you did to mess the lenses up.


Is it possible to specify default images for scopes?

No, there is no way to provide a fallback image URL to the dash for display, through the scopes API currently.

You can however, have your scope download the images, and pass local file:/// URIs to the dash for the image location, replacing any which were not usable with a URI pointing to the fallback image you wish to use instead.


How to open shared SMB resources in the form "\\host"?

Open your File manager. Open Dash and write files or just press the folder Icon in the right launcher.

press CTRL + L on your keyboard or just press on Go -> Location from menu bar.

In the field on the top menu write : smb://IP-To-Connect

then press enter

Another GUI method

Open your home as above then go to File->connect to server from the menu bar.

If you are using Ubuntu 12.04 and below

Then choose Windows Share From Type then complete the needed infor like username and password ...

If you are using Ubuntu 14.04 and beyond then just enter  smb://IP-To-Connect in the server Address field
and press enter

Easy Way to Open the connect-to-server

Open terminal

ctrl + Alt + T

type:

nautilus-connect-server

Then complete steps as above


Search WineHQ's AppDB for the software you want to install (http://appdb.winehq.org/), if you find your program, you'll see that it will have ratings attached to it.

If the rating is Gold or Platinum the software should work out of the box.

If the rating is Silver, you might have to follow the instructions found on AppDB to get it running.

If the rating is Bronze or Garbage, don't bother trying, it won't work very well or at all.


ffmpeg-real

apt-cache show ffmpeg-real

  Description: multimedia player, server and encoder

  FFmpeg is a
  complete, cross-platform solution to record, convert and stream audio
  and video.

  This is the real ffmpeg. The binaries are installed to the
  /opt/ffmpeg/bin. The man pages are  installed to the
  /opt/ffmpeg/share/man.

The ffmpeg is installed to the /opt. It is not replacing the official Ubuntu version of the ffmpeg. The ffmpeg version 2 will start with the command:

/opt/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg

The ffmpeg can started with the command: 'ffmpeg' with the Debian alternatives - another package:

ffmpeg-set-alternatives

apt-cache show ffmpeg-set-alternatives

  Description: a package to create the Debian alternatives for the
  ffmpeg.

  A helper package to create and remove the alternatives for
  the ffmpeg.

  The Debian alternatives system (man
  update-alternatives):

  It is possible for several programs
  fulfilling the same or similar functions  to be installed on a single
  system  at the  same  time. For example,  many systems have several
  text editors installed at once. This gives choice to the  users of a
  system, allowing each to use a different editor, if desired,  but
  makes it difficult  for  a  program  to make a good choice for an
  editor  to invoke if the user has not specified a particular
  preference.  Debian's  alternatives  system aims to solve this
  problem.

  This package creates alternatives for the ffmpeg, ffplay,
  ffprobe and the ffserver.

  The alternatives are removed when this
  package is removed.

  Configuring of the alternatives can be made by
  the command line (man update-alternatives)  or with the kalternatives.

An Example

Start situation: Package ffmpeg is installed from the official Ubuntu repositories.

:~$ ffmpeg
ffmpeg version 0.8.6-6:0.8.6-0ubuntu0.12.10.1, Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the Libav developers
  built on Apr  2 2013 17:02:16 with gcc 4.7.2
*** THIS PROGRAM IS DEPRECATED ***
This program is only provided for compatibility and will be removed in a future release. Please use avconv instead.
Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder
usage: ffmpeg [options] [[infile options] -i infile]... {[outfile options] outfile}...

Use -h to get full help or, even better, run 'man ffmpeg'

The ffmpeg-set-alternatives is recommending the kalternatives.

The kalternatives is:

apt-cache show kalternatives

Description: graphical alternatives system configuration tool
Kalternatives offers a GUI to configure the alternative systems (a
system that allows you to select one alternative file for many in the
filesystem).
Kalternatives is available as KDE configuration module, integrated by default
into KDE's System Settings.
.
This is an advanced GUI of the update-alternatives program shipped with dpkg.

There is also the galternatives:

apt-cache show galternatives

Description: graphical setup tool for the alternatives system
A GUI to help the system administrator to choose what program
should provide a given service.
 .
This is a graphical front-end to the update-alternatives
program shipped with dpkg.

Installing the ffmpeg-set-alternatives with the option --no-install-recommends

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg-set-alternatives --no-install-recommends

The following NEW packages will be installed:
ffmpeg-real ffmpeg-set-alternatives libavcodec55-ffmpeg libavdevice55-ffmpeg
libavfilter3-ffmpeg libavformat55-ffmpeg libavutil52-ffmpeg
libpostproc52-ffmpeg libswresample0-ffmpeg libswscale2-ffmpeg
0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 6,105 kB of archives.
After this operation, 16.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.
...
Setting up ffmpeg-set-alternatives (0.1~quantal~ppa1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/ffmpeg to provide /usr/local/bin/ffmpeg (ffmpeg) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/ffplay to provide /usr/local/bin/ffplay (ffplay) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/ffprobe to provide /usr/local/bin/ffprobe (ffprobe) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/ffserver to provide /usr/local/bin/ffserver (ffserver) in auto mode
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place

Now there are options (list):

update-alternatives --list ffmpeg
/opt/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg
/usr/bin/ffmpeg

Picking the wanted ffmpeg (config)

sudo update-alternatives --config ffmpeg

There are 2 choices for the alternative ffmpeg (providing /usr/local/bin/ffmpeg).

  Selection    Path                    Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/bin/ffmpeg          20        auto mode
  1            /opt/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg   10        manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/ffmpeg          20        manual mode

Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 1
update-alternatives: using /opt/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg to provide /usr/local/bin/ffmpeg (ffmpeg) in manual mode

...and the ffmpeg command is telling (at here):

:~$ ffmpeg
ffmpeg version 2.0.2 Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the FFmpeg developers
  built on Oct  9 2013 20:12:01 with gcc 4.7 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.2-2ubuntu1)
  configuration: --prefix=/opt/ffmpeg --libdir=/opt/ffmpeg/lib/ --enable-shared --disable-stripping --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-runtime-cpudetect --enable-postproc --enable-x11grab --enable-libcdio --enable-vaapi --enable-vdpau --enable-bzlib --enable-gnutls --enable-libgsm --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libfaac --enable-libvo-aacenc --enable-nonfree --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libfdk_aac --enable-libopus --enable-pthreads --enable-zlib --enable-libvpx --enable-libfreetype --enable-libpulse
  libavutil      52. 38.100 / 52. 38.100
  libavcodec     55. 18.102 / 55. 18.102
  libavformat    55. 12.100 / 55. 12.100
  libavdevice    55.  3.100 / 55.  3.100
  libavfilter     3. 79.101 /  3. 79.101
  libswscale      2.  3.100 /  2.  3.100
  libswresample   0. 17.102 /  0. 17.102
  libpostproc    52.  3.100 / 52.  3.100
Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder
usage: ffmpeg [options] [[infile options] -i infile]... {[outfile options] outfile}...

Use -h to get full help or, even better, run 'man ffmpeg'


Sequentially changing directory and running a script

The details depend on your setup. If the parent directory only contains the child directories s0001 to s2000, all you need is to iterate over them and launch the program in each:

for d in s*; do
  cd "$dir" && run_program; cd ../;
done

That will move into each dir and lauch run_program. Once that is finished, it moves back.

If you need to specify a range of dirs, use this instead:

for dir in s{0001..2000}; do
    cd "$dir" && run_program; cd ../
done

Finally, if you want to launch all processes simultaneously (not that this might bring your computer to its knees), use &:

for dir in s{0001..2000}; do
    cd "$dir" && run_program & cd ../
done

Older versions of bash don't expand {001..002} as 001 002 but as 1 2 instead. If your bash doesn't support this, use this approach instead:

seq 1 2000 | while read i; do
   dir=$(printf '%0.4d\n' "$i")
   cd s"$dir" && run_program; cd ../;
done

The trick is to generate the numbers between 1 and 2000 using seq and then use printf to add leading 0s as needed.


fix error: no such partition. grub rescue WITHOUT cd drive

Windows isn't good at recognising other OS's. If it isn't working, blank the disk off completely with sudo cat /dev/zero >/dev/sda from a Ubuntu USB; let it run for a few seconds, to overwrite the boot sectors, then quit with -c.

Windows will then see an unpartitioned blank drive & should run. If not, it's likely to be a problem with your Windows USB - does it work elsewhere?


Pyinstaller could not find NVCC after generating one file executable, Ubuntu 16.04LTS

I have got a work around to this problem, which is to pass the path of nvcc to SourceModule(). This will help if pycuda is not able to find nvcc automatically.

from pycuda.compiler import SourceModule
import pycuda.driver as cuda
#CUDA C/C++ code goes inside SourceModule
mod = SourceModule("""kernel""", nvcc="path to nvcc")
....


Original thread

So, seems that you need to install this way (line by line):

Don't forget to uninstall old existing skype from your pc!

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ $(lsb_release -sc) partner"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install skype

This method worked for me. I remember I downloaded skype from skype.com deb package, installed, and had many problems similar to yours. After installing via terminal using repositories, I have 100% luck. Hope that helps ;)


Found my own answer!  If anyone needs to know the cryptography being used by default for VNC in the default vino-server configuration has issues with encryption and authentication.  I finally found the answer which is a reference to this bug report from RedHat I found the solution in a post here about gnome3 and connecting via Windows which both point to vino advertising using TLS for encryption and authentication.

Using the command:

gsettings set org.gnome.Vino require-encryption false

Now, it should be noted that doing this in anything where you are unsure, in any way, about your network (or you're exposed to the Internet at all).  Using SSH becomes so much more important when encryption is disabled.  And the authentication is weak.  Just thought it was worth mentioning.


Installing Windows 7 on a Ubuntu 10.10 System

Windows Dual Boot - Installing Windows After Ubuntu
Recovering Ubuntu After Installing Windows


cd to a symlink, is the same to cd to original folder?

Almost... The cd and pwd commands will behave as if you are in ~/baz (although you can cd to subdirectories of /foo/bar/baz inside ~/baz, when you cd .. you will be in ~)

All other commands will behave as if you were in the real directory and all permissions will be preserved (of course - that's why we say symlinks have "dummy permissions").

This includes (potentially confusingly) commands with relative paths that extend outside the directory. With the exception of cd, which considers you to be in ~/baz, you must make sure you use them as if you are in the real directory, not the symlink. For example if you wanted to ls the contents of /foo/bar, in ~/baz you could do ls .. and if you wanted to symlink a file in foo/bar in /foo/bar/baz(let's call it kitten) then inside ~/baz you could do ln -s ../kitten kitten


Can't boot into Ubuntu 13.04? GRUB4DOS instead of GRUB2 menu?

@Petefic

I used the same document to most part expect the EasyBCD part. Also my dual boot is Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and Windows 8.

Also when I executed boot-repair I did the following.

(Boot Repair => Buggy-kernel detected => Yes)

Good Luck


How to download files (rar, zip ...) via browser on Ubuntu-Touch

I came to find an answer but then I have figured it out myself, from terminal type

wget http://link.zip

(replace link.zip with your link to download)


creating virtual hosts does not work properly on Ubuntu 16.04

the problem caused because i have to work nehind a proxy.
If you work behind a proxy /etc/hosts does not work.
You have to ignore the hosts in etc/hosts.

The simplest and fastest way to do this is setting up no_proxy in /etc/environment.
To do this edit /etc/environment and add or append no_proxy like : no_proxy= "localhost, 127.0.0.1, example.com" in my case i had to set proxy settings on Firefox aswell.
And restart your machine.
If you want to check your proxy settings you can run following command env | grep proxy.


How to use external displays with Intel driver on a NVidia/Intel hybrid system

Found the problem. I should have mentioned that I'm using a docking station. And after taking a closer look on it I found out that there is also a VGA connector on it. So when docked the VGA port of the laptop seems to be deactivated. But the VGA port on the docking station works when using the Intel GPU. I also had to remove the DVI cable from the external monitor because it didn't switch to VGA mode otherwise.

Well, I would have preferred using DVI or HDMI but VGA runs fine, too. So finally I can use stable Intel graphics in dual-head mode. Nouveau and commercial NVidia are too buggy in Gnome Shell for my taste.


How to create Ubuntu *Server* bootable USB drive using YUMI?

You have two options, the easiest is try putting your ISO in YUMI's run directory. Supposedly it can auto-detect it.

Or you can manually install it alongside (I assume) your other BootCD's on the USB. It's actually a pretty simple process, especially with Ubuntu (others require hacking of the initramfs and mounting and other crazy stuff...)! So, you're lucky to get out easy on this one! Haha!

So, here's what you do:

Download the 11.04 Server ISO from releases.ubuntu.com
Extract the CD to a subdirectory of your flash drive.
Find the syslinux menu. It's called either syslinux.cfg or isolinux.cfg. It will be the one loaded in either /syslinux.cfg /boot/syslinux.cfg /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg (or /isolinux.cfg, /boot/isolinux.cfg, /boot/isolinux/isolinux.cfg).
Add these lines:

label ubuntu
menu title Ubuntu Server 10.04
config /ubuntudirectory/isolinux.cfg

In /ubuntudirectory/isolinux.cfg (or /ubuntudirectory/boot/isolinux.cfg) on every append or initrd (it can be either) add this kernel option to the end: directory=/ubuntudirectory/casper

That's it! Try running it in Qemu (use -snapshot!) to be sure if you don't feel like rebooting.


I would suggest you to install Windows first, and then install Ubuntu.

Windows has never been particularly cooperative in terms of sharing a computer with other operating systems - its install procedure simply wipes whatever boot loader is currently installed and installs its own. Did you really expect Windows to add Ubuntu to its boot menu? :)

Ubuntu, on the other hand, will automatically recognize and add a Windows partition to GRUB menu.

After you have the two OSes dual-booting, you can proceed to setting up the shared folders etc. as per the tutorial you've linked to.


There's a command that knows about your default browser:

xdg-open http://google.com

This will also work for every other type of URI (Uniform Resource Identifier), like images - which will automatically open with eog, openoffice documents, and so on, and also on filesystem paths (xdg-open /tmp/foobar.png).

There is also

xdg-email team@stackexchange.com

and

xdg-mime query default text/html

To find out what application is going to be used.

You can set your preffered application by going to System → Preferences → Preferred Applications:

These utilities are part of the freedesktop.org specification, so you can use them in your applications - and it's going to work on all of the desktops that adhere to the spec.


Update: Wine is apparently not an option. As stated in the comments, ASP.NET/Visual Studio does not work under Wine.

Wine (a Windows emulator) may be an option.

sudo apt-get install wine

Then look in Winetricks (which is installed along with Wine) to see if it has a listing for ASP.NET. If it does, you should install it through Winetricks.

If you don't see it in Winetricks, download the official, Microsoft ASP.NET installer like you would on Windows (as an .exe) and open up the installer with Wine. It will install to a virtual C:\ drive in ~/.wine, and shortcuts that the installer creates should automatically be converted to .desktop files and placed in the appropriate place, allowing you to search for and launch ASP.NET just like any other Ubuntu application.


It looks like the important part of this question was already answered in the comments, but to address the root cause in case you're curious, I think ctrl-. doesn't work in a terminal because of some limitations of terminal emulators. In a standard terminal, ctrl is defined to send the ASCII code of the key you press minus 64 (this is why ctrl-J (74) sends newline (10) and ctrl-I (73) sends tab (9), for example). Since the period's ASCII code is 46, subtracting 64 would give -18, which is invalid because it's negative and there are no negative ASCII codes and therefore nothing for emacs to receive and understand.

When you run emacs in windowed mode, the terminal emulator mechanism is bypassed and instead the more robust keyboard handling of X11 is used, which can handle more obscure keystrokes (rather than reducing each keystroke down to one ASCII character, the program receives the original key plus all applicable modifiers, separately). So it's probably impossible to make tty-based emacs handle ctrl-. unless you make custom modifications to your terminal emulator (and probably also emacs).


Backup with rsync works but not in crontab

Wow, What a dig! I found the answer on linuxquestions.org

CLI and crontab run on different environments. Crontab needs to be told where the private key is. I followed the instructions on the link and simply added the location of private key on the command and it worked. The previous command now has this addition added.

*/15 * * * * rsync -avzhe "ssh -i /home/john/.ssh/id_rsa_dvr.pi" pi@192.168.1.45:/media/PNY/video /home/john/Desktop/Pi\ Videos

Now on to find a doctor that can help get some of these roots put back in. :-)


Can I run 12.10 through VMWare Workstation?

It depends on what you want to accomplish. It's pretty easy to install Ubuntu 12.10 in a new machine, but not everything works completely.

As of this writing (October 20), there were known issues when trying to compile VMware Tools (which provide better integration with the host for sound, video, shared folders, and other benefits). This is a problem due to the Linux Kernel 3.5, which ships with Ubuntu.

There may be a patch floating around the Internet which can be used to get tools up and running (I've had trouble finding it, but have read several forum posts which refer to it), but you have to manually patch the sources. This isn't difficult, but can be somewhat involved and is a pain.

Please note that all of my comments apply to Workstation 8.0. The problem may have been fixed in the most recent version of Workstation (9.0). But as I just purchased 8.0 six months ago (and it is supposed to provide the most recent version of VMware Tools), I refuse to shell out again for a new upgrade.

Edit: Since writing the original response, I've since gone back and tried a few other options for getting the VMware tools up and running. Ubuntu provides a package called open-vm-tools which have a patched copy of the VMware tools available. Using this package, I was able to get almost everyhing running correctly, with one exception: the shared folders have to be mounted manually.


SSD SMART test status failing - how to interpret?

I have the same FAILED notification for my Samsung SM951 (AHCI) 128GB, reported in Linux as SAMSUNG MZHPV128HDGM-00000 (BXW2500Q).

But in my case, I think it's a firmware bug of the drive because the total-bytes-written property is reported as 1.1TB while the drive has a specified Total Bytes Written (TBW) of 75TB! Which probably is on the very save side, because similar (MLC NAND) drives all reached a multitude of that (600TB) in a real endurance test. And apart from the wear_level_count warning no other prefail or old age errors or warnings are reported, while the reallocated-sector-count, which according to that test is a good pre-fail indicator, is still 0.

So my advise would be to examine those values for your drive/system and base your conclusions on that.

I prefer the low-level utility skdump which is supplied with libatasmart, the same library that is used by Gnome Disks.

Use the following command, replacing /dev/sdc with the path to your block device:

sudo skdump /dev/sdc

Regards.


In your useradd command, specify the -r option. This creates a system account, i.e., an account with a user id below 1000. As a result, these will not appear in the GDM login screen.


Icons missing/incorrect after installing and using xRDP on Ubuntu Server 16.04 LTS

I installed the Unity Tweak Tool and selected all of the defaults for Unity in the Tweak Tool and all of the icons and display returned to normal.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

From there, select all of the default Unity icons, cursors, docks etc. Then reboot your workstation if you would like.


Quite a few people have experienced this after upgrading from 12.04 to 13.04 (bug report).

A way of fixing this without messing around with live CD/USB stick is to work out which is your boot disk.  Running df. Most often it is /dev/sda

Do not use the version with the number on the end, eg /dev/sda1

Once you have established the boot disk you then reinstall grub (the boot loader) by running:

sudo grub-install /dev/sdX  # replace X with your actual value
sudo update-grub

(Source is this comment on the bug report).


To add to Oli's answer

screen -d -m -S nameOfScreen /path/to/exe  #this is for scripting use

This is all in man screen and it's not too hard to figure out

You should try to find a screen tutorial to give you a once over though.
This one doesn't seem too bad.


Moving home directory to my HDD and fixing partitions after migrating from Windows

This shouldn't be too hard since you don't have much on your HDD. I suggest the following steps:

Backup any data on the HDD that you want to keep
Use Gparted to delete the existing partitions on the HDD, unmounting them first if necessary.
Use Gparted to create one large partition on the HDD and format it with a filesystem. ext4 is a good choice
Follow this guide to move your home: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Partitioning/Home/Moving

If you have any issues ask further questions


How to add support for new services to Friends?

Friends author here.

Indeed, as you suspected, support is required in Ubuntu Online Accounts before support can be added to Friends. Friends architecture depends very heavily upon UOA in order to do all the authorization and manage all the API keys for us. My favorite example is LinkedIn, because it is so far the only protocol that was community contributed. The UOA plugin is mostly just two XML files, plus a little bit of autoconf trickery, which looks like this. (scroll down a bit for the diff, which clearly shows every single thing that needed to be added for LinkedIn to work).

Once you've done the same for your protocol, you need to propose the merge against lp:account-plugins and get Mardy to review, approve, and merge them. Once that is in place, you can begin to write the friends plugin, which will be written in Python 3.

Now, one of the major, major improvements that Friends introduces over Gwibber is the use of subclasses. In the original Gwibber code, absolutely nothing was done with subclasses, so every new protocol plugin was a huge copy&paste hackjob of various bits of low-level functionality. When implementing Friends, I took great care to extract the common functionality into a superclass, which can be easily subclassed and modified. The superclass also has quite a lot of docstrings, which you should refer to when getting started. Unfortunately we haven't set up sphinx to publish those anywhere yet, so you'll just have to read the code for now.

Some important things to keep in mind is that the name of your class has to match the "providername" used, case-insensitively. So if you defined the providername to be instagram, then you should create the file protocols/instagram.py, and name your Python class Instagram.

The two most important methods that you absolutely have to implement in order for your plugin to actually do anything, are called _whoami and receive. These are well documented in base.py (linked above), but basically the _whoami method will be called automatically, and passed in a dict that represents an already-parsed JSON blob that was given to us by the service when the authentication happened. If you're lucky, that dict will contain your Instagram username, user id, and display name, but if not you'll need to make a secondary API call in order to gather that information. Please see Facebook._whoami for an example of a protocol that didn't provide the information up front and required an additional API call from within the method, and see Twitter._whoami for an example of a protocol that gave us all the details we needed right up front.

Afterwards, the receive method is responsible for making the API call that polls the service for new messages. This one is a little bit more free-form, because every REST API is slightly different, so you should refer to the website's API docs in order to figure out what exactly needs to be done here. In http.py we provide Uploader and Downloader classes that make it easy to make REST API calls, and can even parse JSON server responses for you. It's important to use these convenience classes because they wrap libsoup, which is configured to honour the GNOME proxy settings (you may recall how terrible Gwibber's proxy support always was, well we've fixed all that now).

Once you've got the API response from the server, you need to store it in our DeeModel (where Gwibber used a JSON blob dumped into an sqlite db for storing your messages, we're using a DeeModel, which is basically just a database that shares state across DBus, making it easy for multiple clients to display the message data easily). We call the act of storing a new message "publishing", and we provide a convenience method for it at Base._publish. Basically all you have to do is fill in the blanks here, make sure as much information as possible is filled into as many columns as possible. The possible arguments to _publish are defined in the schema, and again you can refer to the existing plugins to see how they do it.

Once you've gotten this far, you should have enough to be able to test it. We provide a couple tools in the tools directory to make it easy to run your code from within the source tree, so you don't have to install it to the system every time you want to make a change. What you should do is open one terminal, cd to the root of the source tree, and run ./tools/debug_slave.py. What that does is connects to the DeeModel, and just displays everything that happens to it, so you can see messages appearing live as they come in. Then, in a second terminal, cd to the root of the source tree again, and run ./tools/debug_live.py instagram receive and that will manually trigger the Instagram.receive method and display a bunch of debugging output to tell you about what's going on as it runs (you can sprinkle your code with calls to log.debug("hi") if you want to see even more details about what happens).

Oh, and if you're still reading, the linkedin plugin hasn't landed in trunk yet, but you can still take a look at it here.

If you have any other questions, I am always in #gwibber on freenode, and also I feel quite strongly that the new codebase is much more readable and better documented than anything Gwibber ever had, so please read the code that's there and it shouldn't be too difficult to learn by example. Facebook and Twitter are the most complete.

Thanks for your interest in Friends!


Step1 : You must need a temporary ethernet internet connection (LAN cable or USB tethering from phone or wifi adapter)

Step2 : Once you have an active internet connection. Open the terminal and check for Wifi Driver
Available in the kernel

$ lspci -knn | grep -i Net -A2

From the output we can see the current wifi driver is :

Lenovo RTL8821CE 802.11ac PCIe Wireless Network Adapter

Step3 : Search for ‘RTL8821CE Driver’, there is not yet a Wifi Driver for the Realtek RTL8821CE in the official Ubuntu Repositories.

There is a git repo : https://github.com/tomaspinho/rtl8821ce.git . Clone to that git repo

$ git clone https://github.com/tomaspinho/rtl8821ce.git

Step 4 (Optional):If you are getting any error like git not installed or gcc is not present , install them by:

$ apt install gcc
$ apt install git
$ apt install make

After installing above three packages rerun step3.

Step 4 : Once the git repository for the RTL8821CE Driver is downloaded, go to corresponding folder :

$ cd rtl8821ce

Step 5 : Compile the driver by using make utility.

$ make all
$ make install

Step 6 : Insert the driver module to the kernel using ‘modprobe’ program.

modprobe -a 8821ce

Step 7 : reboot if necessary

Step 8 : We’ve successfully resolved the wifi problem by using above steps, But the wifi connection got intermittent without any specific reason, later we fixed that issue by changing power management options in Ubuntu.

$ nano /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf

Change wifi.powersave from 3 to 2.

Please let me know if you ever faced any issues, I’ll be happy to solve.


I can't delete files from trash in gksudo nautilus

To delete your Matlab folder in /, use sudo to do the rm operation with superuser privileges:

$ sudo rm -fr /MATLAB

Be cautious! This command will remove /MATLAB directory without putting it into Trash. It will be removed without ability to restore.

If you could not run this command using sudo command because of your user is not in sudo group, then use the next command to add your user to this group:

# usermod -aG sudo <username>

You need to run this command as root.


What is the equivalent of gksudo in Kubuntu/KDE?

The Kubuntu/KDE equivalent of gksudo is kdesudo. You can use this in the terminal or via the graphical command box on the top of the screen (Alt-F2).

When you do this, or otherwise launch an application which requires root privileges, you will get a kdesudo popup like this:

  Note: If you are not getting this box with GUI applications, it may indicate a problem with the way the KDE desktop environment was installed. Please try reinstalling kubuntu-desktop if you are not using Kubuntu.


Ubuntu 12.10 installer can't detect hard drives

Have you made sure you've mounted your memory devices? Ubuntu does not automatically mount storage mediums by default, so if you haven't done that yet try checking here and here. Also try this similar looking question depending on whether you're talking about external hard drives. Just from personal experience, I can say that Ubuntu is very good at controlling devices/files (since everything is a file) and if there's one thing that it does correctly, that is it.


How can I adjust the brightness of my webcam?

Install guvcview (still works on 20.04):
sudo apt install guvcview

On Image Control tab, there is a brightness slider control


Can Ubuntu read/write to CD-RWs and DVD-RWs?

Yes, the Linux kernel will use /dev/srX like a hard disk.
See below for DVD-RW extra needs.

But performance will be poor and probably miserable noises
will emerge when operating. The ususal hard disk writers are
not aware of the very long seek times and the quite limited
number of overwrites before a block on the medium goes bad.

Theoretically best suited would be DVD-RAM, Mount Rainier
formatted DVD+RW (MRW), and BD-RE, because they have Defect
Management, which can replace a few bad block by blocks
from the Spare Area.
In practice optical media often fail earlier with Defect
Management than without.

Capable of random read-write access are:
Formatted CD-RW, formatted DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, DVD+RW, BD-RE,
and formatted BD-R with format type Pseudo-Overwrite.

Formatted DVD-RW need the pktcdvd frontend driver which
takes care of the peculiar 32 kB granularity of the media.
This driver is recommended for CD-RW, too.
It gets set up by e.g.

pktsetup pktcdvd0 /dev/sr0

and will then be used as pseudo hard disk device

/dev/pktcdvd/pktcdvd0

See also
  http://www.g-loaded.eu/2005/11/10/packet-writing-on-cdrw-and-dvdrw-media/

Said this, please be aware that sequential writing to
optical media by a burn program is much less problematic
than random-access read-write operation.


How do I delete files/folders from Ubuntu One web interface?

Maybe, it is obscured by another inscription/link?

See that image:


Which file or directory dose "apt-get update" affect

Complete List of files used by apt-get (From man apt-get):

FILES
       /etc/apt/sources.list
           Locations to fetch packages from. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::SourceList.

       /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
           File fragments for locations to fetch packages from. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::SourceParts.

       /etc/apt/apt.conf
           APT configuration file. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Main.

       /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/
           APT configuration file fragments. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Parts.

       /etc/apt/preferences
           Version preferences file. This is where you would specify "pinning", i.e. a preference to get certain packages from a
           separate source or from a different version of a distribution. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Preferences.

       /etc/apt/preferences.d/
           File fragments for the version preferences. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts.

       /var/cache/apt/archives/
           Storage area for retrieved package files. Configuration Item: Dir::Cache::Archives.

       /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
           Storage area for package files in transit. Configuration Item: Dir::Cache::Archives (partial will be implicitly
           appended)

       /var/lib/apt/lists/
           Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in sources.list(5) Configuration Item:
           Dir::State::Lists.

       /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/
           Storage area for state information in transit. Configuration Item: Dir::State::Lists (partial will be implicitly
           appended)

In case of sudo apt-get update, following may help you:

/etc/apt/sources.list
/etc/apt/sources.listd/
/var/lib/apt/lists/
/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/


Open a terminal and run:

sudo apt-get remove --purge mate-desktop

sudo apt-get autoremove

now add the MATE Official repo, press y when prompted.

sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://repo.mate-desktop.org/archive/1.8/ubuntu trusty main"

sudo apt-get update

then install it:

sudo apt-get install mate-core

sudo apt-get install mate-desktop-environment

sudo apt-get install mate-desktop-environment-extra

sudo reboot

Done.

Now you should be able to see MATE at the login screen.


If you want to really freshly install new Ubuntu why bother with such option, I usually just erasing my old Ubuntu partition and starting new partition and do fresh install again with dual boot as usual. Hope can help. Sorry just never trying the reinstall Ubuntu option.


is it true that ubuntu effect on hdd longevity?

from:
thinkwiki.org

"".. This is obviously HDD or HDD-controller specific, and is therefore a hardware vendor problem, not an Ubuntu problem .."


Recover from improper setup of backup drive using Label//UUID

I think your directions (pasted from the Ubuntu uuid page) are outdated:

  If you are using Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake LTS, you can use these commands to "upgrade" to UUIDs. All other supported versions of Ubuntu automatically use UUIDs, so this is not necessary.

What's your /etc/fstab look like now? You can probably just change the "/dev/sd.." names to "UUID=..." in there and that's about it, like in the fstab help page. I think mount always reports what /dev device is mounted...

... saw updated fstab. I'm not too familiar with the "fuseblk" type, I've seen it before used with encryption but not in mount's output... but if it works that's good enough. The one says it's type "exfat" so maybe replacing fuseblk with exfat would work, or even auto...

So now the drive(s) get mounted with:

/dev/sdd1 on /mnt/backupdrive type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096)
/dev/sdf1 on /media/will/BackupDrive type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096)

So I think putting these into fstab should work for the sdf one:

UUID="5053-2D7E" /media/will/BackupDrive  fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096)

Not sure about the sdd1 one, if blkid didn't see it...? Tried sudo blkid? Or there's only the one drive isn't there? Unplugging it could give it a different sdx "name"... so maybe that's what happened there to get the 2 different entries?


I don't think ... means anything in terms of the shell, in this context. It's probably just the author's way of indicating that you may copy multiple files for example by typing

cp file1 file2 file3 directory

In fact, the cp command's manual page uses a similar notation:

NAME
       cp - copy files and directories

SYNOPSIS
       cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
       cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
       cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...

DESCRIPTION
       Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

You may see a sequence of two dots in other contexts - for example in brace expansion {1..5}


Why wont my computer boot Ubuntu from my flash drive?

This is a problem in Windows 8 because of the UEFI system. Boot into win8 and browse to the CD. Start the wubi installer and do as it says. It will then install Ubuntu. Cheers!
Note: Use the wubi installer only if you have upgraded from an older windows system.


Is it possible to set apt dependencies manually?

Yes you can.  It's called a metapackage.  It's essentially an empty package that pulls in all your "normal stuff" as a dependency.  Look at the *ubuntu-desktop package if you need a reference guide.  It doesn't really contain anything.  It's just a list of things to install.

So, you'ld want a "myjunk.deb" that pulls in both openssh-client and zip.  That way when you apt-get remove myjunk, it shows as openssh-client and zip are able to be removed.

Credit to Michael Dimmitt for the Ubuntu Community Help on Metapackages
How to create a meta-package that automatically installs other packages?


Unix-like operating systems decouple the user name from the user identity, so you may safely change the name without affecting the ID. All permissions, files, etc are tied to your identity (uid), not your username.

To manage every aspect of the user database, you use the usermod tool.

To change username (it is probably best to do this without being logged in):

sudo usermod -l newUsername oldUsername

This however, doesn't rename the home folder.

To change home-folder, use

sudo usermod -d /home/newHomeDir -m newUsername

after you changed the username.

For instance, you could logout, drop to a console (Ctrl+Alt+F1), and sudo su - to become true root (as opposed to sudo -s, where $HOME is still /home/yourname.) Maybe you also have to kill some still running processes from this user first. To do so, enter ps -u username, look for the matching PID and kill them by kill PID-number.

Update: as arrange mentioned, some files may reference your old home directory. You can either keep a symlink for backward compatibility, e g ln -s /home/newname /home/oldname or you can change the file contents with sed -i.bak 's/*oldname*/*newname*/g' *list of files* It creates a backup for each file with a .bak extension.

Some additional information for not so experienced users like me:
As I only have ONE user account (administrator), it would not let me change the username ("you are already logged in" was the response in TTY1 (Ctrl+Alt+F1). To get around this:

Login with your old credentials and add a new user, e.g. "temporary" in TTY1:

sudo adduser temporary

set the password.
Allow the temporary user to run sudo by adding the user to sudo group:

sudo adduser temporary sudo

Log out with the command exit.
Return to tty1: Login with the 'temporary' user account and password. Change your username and folder as mentioned above. exit (until you get the login prompt)
Go back to TTY7 (Ctrl+Alt+F7) to login on the GUI/normal desktop screen and see if this works.
Delete temporary user and folder:

sudo deluser temporary
sudo rm -r /home/temporary


You cannot post reviews directly on the web site. You can only post reviews from within the software-center application, and only on packages which you currently have installed.


yes, I also found the same issues while switching GTK Themes.
The only custom theme now available for Ubuntu 16.10 is Arc GTK Theme.


With tr you can do that much easier:

tr -s ' '

from tr man:

 -s, --squeeze-repeats
          replace each input sequence of a repeated character that is
          listed in SET1 with a single occurrence of that character


GRUB repair issue - duplicate Ubuntu and no Windows

One of your two ubuntu entries boots Ubuntu via Shim (which then launches GRUB), which works with Secure Boot on or off. The other boots it via GRUB, but without Shim; this works only if Secure Boot is disabled.

You shouldn't be seeing the firmware's boot menu with the two ubuntu entries unless you hit a function key or Esc early in the boot process. (Precisely how you bring up this menu varies from one computer to another.) Thus, I recommend you leave it alone. You could remove the Boot0000 entry (which boots without Shim) or the Boot0001 entry (which boots via Shim), but doing so runs a (small) risk of user error or running into some new or obscure EFI bug that will end up creating new problems. Since the double-ubuntu issue is both a trivial cosmetic problem and unlikely to be something you see very often, IMO it's better to ignore it than to run even a small risk of creating a much bigger problem. Furthermore, the entry you remove might be added back the next time a GRUB update rolls around.

If you insist on removing one entry, do so with efibootmgr:

sudo efibootmgr -b 0000 -B

This example removes the Boot0000 entry; change 0000 as appropriate to remove any other entry.


Type sudo su in the terminal. This will open a root session. Be very careful, as you can do very bad things with this.

If you want to run a program in a GUI as root, type "gksudo".

However, this thread may be of use to you. It is much more dangerous than simply using sudo. If you want to do it, you can. (Command is sudo passwd -u root [password])


Nautilus - Thumbnailer for Ms Office documents in Ubuntu 20?

Ok, I managed to have my MS Office thumbnails in Ubuntu 20 by modifying the bwrap in /usr/local/bin, as follows:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# bwrap wrapper to correct nautilus 3.26.4+ bug for external thumbnailers under debian based distros
#  * add --ro-bind needed by imagemagick tools
#  * replaces --symlink calls with equivalent --ro-bind calls

# intialise parameters array
ARR_PARAM=( "${ARR_PARAM[@]}" "--bind" "/" "/" )
ARR_PARAM=( "${ARR_PARAM[@]}" "--ro-bind" "/usr" "/usr" )

# since editing /usr/local/bin requires root privilege, we can trust it
#[ -d "/" ] && ARR_PARAM=( "${ARR_PARAM[@]}" "--dev-bind" "/" "/" )
[ -d "/usr/local/bin" ] && ARR_PARAM=( "${ARR_PARAM[@]}" "--ro-bind" "/usr/local/bin" "/usr/local/bin" )

# add both --ro-bind needed by thumbnailers using imagemagick tools
[ -d "/etc/alternatives" ] && ARR_PARAM=( "${ARR_PARAM[@]}" "--ro-bind" "/etc/alternatives" "/etc/alternatives" )
[ -d "/etc/ImageMagick-6" ] && ARR_PARAM=( "${ARR_PARAM[@]}" "--ro-bind" "/etc/ImageMagick-6" "/etc/ImageMagick-6" )
[ -d "/var/cache/fontconfig" ] && ARR_PARAM=( "${ARR_PARAM[@]}" "--ro-bind" "/var/cache/fontconfig" "/var/cache/fontconfig" )

# if exists, enable $TMPDIR
[ -n "${TMPDIR}" ] && [ -d "${TMPDIR}" ] && ARR_PARAM=( "${ARR_PARAM[@]}" "--bind" "${TMPDIR}" "${TMPDIR}" )

# loop thru original parameters
while test $# -gt 0
do
    case "$1" in
        # --symlink : convert to --ro-bind
        "--symlink") shift; shift; ARR_PARAM=( "${ARR_PARAM[@]}" "--ro-bind" "$1" "$1" ); shift; ;;
        # --unshare-all : eliminate
        "--unshare-all") shift; ;;
        # --seccomp 29-symlink : eliminate
        "--seccomp") shift; ;;
        "29") shift; ;;
        # others : add parameter
        *) ARR_PARAM=( "${ARR_PARAM[@]}" "$1" ); shift; ;;
    esac
done

# call original bwrap
/usr/bin/bwrap "${ARR_PARAM[@]}"

For some reasons that I really don't konw, Nautilus didn't like --unshare-all and --seccomp 29
Hope it helps!


How to set up Internet connection sharing?

Internet connection sharing in 12.04 is plug-n-play. However, there may be exceptions. Could you clarify your setup some more, like - What is the Internet connection? Which machine is connected to Internet and how? What are the connectivity options on the peer computers that need to connect via the share?

Basically, on the computer that will be connected to the Internet, you have to edit the LAN connection and select the IPv4 Settings method - "Shared to other computers" and also check "Available to all users". See below image.

Now, as soon as you hookup the peer computer to the above LAN connection, Internet is available.


Any file manager similar to xyplorer but for Linux?

Your question can have many answers.

Personally I prefer to use Caja from MATE DE (GNOME 2 fork), below I give illustrations of its functionality:

filters

Filters for current view is done by clicking Ctrl+S (or selecting Edit → Select Items Matching...):

Other way to filter items is to use search function by clicking special button named Search documents and folders by name:

multi-tabs

Tabs are created by clicking Ctrl+T (or selecting File→New Tab):

You can use split view with F3 (or selecting View→Extra Pane):

As it shown above this feature is very useful with Copy To or Move To actions.

scripting

Scripting is done by

using Caja Actions scripts. This feature is installed with caja-actions package and configurable from Caja-Actions Configuration Tool (caja-actions-config-tool). See other answer for details.
using Caja Python extensions. This feature is installed with caja-extensions-common package. The user scripts should be placed in ~/.local/share/caja-python/extensions. See other answer for details.

Some additional remarks:

By default its Side Pane shows Places, but you can switch it to Tree view:

You can combine Places view in side pane with List View of main panel to show directory tree:

The Extra Pane (with F3) allows to combine views - for example List View in the left and Icon View in the right:

If you are willing to try Caja you can install it with sudo apt-get install caja.


Printer problem Canon Pixma MG2570 in Ubuntu 16.04

Download the ppd file here:

https://github.com/liberodark/Print-PPD/blob/master/Canon/canon-mg2500.ppd.gz

Then choose "property", change the "manufacturer and model number". Then choose the option "provide ppd file".

My printer can print properly now


You can manually edit your /etc/fstab. It defines all your mount points. There are some GUIs for this, but I don't know any. You may find one yourself.

The syntax is: FILE_SYSTEM MOUNT_POINT TYPE OPTIONS DUMP PASS

Example for your /dev/sda5, append this line to your /etc/fstab and reboot:

/dev/sda5 /media/logan/LocalDisk1 ntfs-3g defaults,rw  0  0

If it's not mounted correctly create the folder first:

mkdir /media/logan/LocalDisk1

If it's working repeat it for your other partitions.

I sometimes have permission problems with NTFS partitions after mounting. I hope you will not.


Can anyone help me to completely remove the background noise while I am talking in a google meet meeting from ubuntu 20.04 LTS?

You can try adding an entry to /etc/pulse/default.pa to add echo canceling to your input selections.
As sudo, in any text editor open up /etc/pulse/default.pa (I am using vi).
sudo vi /etc/pulse/default.pa
At the end of the file (on its own line) add the line:
load-module module-echo-cancel
Save the file and exit.
In a terminal restart pulseaudio:
type pulseaudio -k
If there is doubt it restarted, you can check the process ID to see if it changes after you kill it. I usually just pkill pulseaudio because I can never remember the command.... Or if there is doubt, you could restart your machine (overkill). But the pulseaudio -k command should kill the current pulseaudio process and restart pulseaudio... I only mention because I have wrestled with pulseaudio numerous times
Go to Settings ---> Sound (the graphical menu)...OR "Sound Settings..." if you're using a desktop with a panel(the speaker icon)...
On your "Input" section, you should now have an additional microphone selection with echo cancelling in your dropdown. Select that one as your input.


The Ubntu restricted extras package says right there that it includes codecs for audio and video. I believe it is merely removing the conflicting codecs that are already installed. You shouldn't miss anything, since what's being uninstalled will be replaced.


I assume you have a single uplink and have configured NAT on mikrotik properly.

ping proved that you have a working NAT.
dig proved that your upstream DNS is also working.

But you haven't proved you have TCP connectivity between you VM and Google. try:

telnet google.com 80

This opens a TCP connection to port 80 on a google's web server. If you get something like:

Trying 173.194.33.34...
Connected to google.com.
Escape character is '^]'.

then you have a working TCP connection and the problem is not in your network config. check your browser.

If you get stuck at Trying 173.194.33.34..., your network is blocking. Since you have a bridged virtual network, use wireshark in your host machine to figure out what's blocking.


15.10 - Suspend job starts by itself - docked laptop - closed lid - ext. display

I've managed to fix it

I found a fix in this bug comment

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/systemd/+bug/1450009

It involves editing /lib/udev/rules.d/70-power-switch.rules

and adding this line

SUBSYSTEM=="input", KERNEL=="event*", ATTRS{name}=="* WMI hotkeys", TAG+="power-switch"

Maybe someone will find this helpfull someday ;)


How to install the Budgie desktop environment on Ubuntu?

Budgie desktop can be installed with a PPA since a few days. It is still a beta so expect bugs and non-functional features.

Budgie is the flagship desktop of the Evolve OS Linux Distribution, and is an Evolve OS project. Designed with the modern user in mind, it focuses on simplicity and elegance. A huge advantage for the Budgie desktop is that it is not a fork of another project, but rather one written from scratch with integration in mind.
The Budgie Desktop tightly integrates with the GNOME stack, employing underlying technologies to offer an alternative desktop experience. In the spirit of open source, the project is compatible with and available for other Linux distributions.
Also note that Budgie can now emulate the look and feel of the GNOME 2 desktop, optionally, via a setting in the panel preferences. An example of this is shown in a screenshot further down.

Features in the 0.8 release

IconTasklist: Add pinning support
IconTasklist: Use .desktop files for quicklists
IconTasklist: Use .desktop files for icon resolution
IconTasklist: Support “attention” hint (blue blink)
Panel: Support dark theme (used by default)
Add Menubar applet
Panel: Initial autohide support (manual, not automatic)
Panel: Support shadow onall screen edges
Panel: Dynamic support for gnome panel theming
RunDialog: Complete visual refresh (bootiful)
BudgieMenu: Add compact mode, use by default
BudgieMenu: Sort items by usage
BudgieMenu: Remove old power option
Editor: Add all menu options to UI
Support from GNOME 3.10 up to 3.16 (unreleased, git)
wm: Kill workspace animation (resolve after v8)
wm: Better animations for changing of wallpapers

Installation

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:evolve-os/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install budgie-desktop

Important information

Budgie released version 0.8 so it is still in development and a beta.

No nnative network management; can be fixed by using Ubuntu's applet.

Budgie is intended for the Evolve OS so even with this PPA it might be buggy.

GNOME themes work better than the native Ubuntu themes.

Ubuntu’s overlay scrollbars are not working.

If you want to read more visit the Evolve OS website.


How to remove shortcuts from the preferences menu using terminal

For every user

If you want to edit it for everyone, then you can move desired .desktop files from /usr/share/applications directory, in your case alacarte.desktop, vino.desktop and gnome-appearance-properties.desktop

for example

cd /usr/share/applications
sudo mv alacarte.desktop gnome-appearance-properties.desktop vinagre.desktop /somedir

For one user

If you want to edit it for one user, you will probably need to edit file ~/.config/menus/settings - an xml file. So, adding <exclude><filename>desired_file.desktop</filename></exclude> in the second <menu>... </menu> part could do this. You can see what you will need to add there if you look what changes happen when you disable something in alacarte (GUI for editing menus).


You have to edit the '/etc/grub.d/40_custom' script with the help of text editor as root.

Add this in the file:

menuentry “Ubuntu 14.04 ISO”
{
set isofile=”/home/name/Downloads/ubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso”
loopback loop (hd0,1)$isofile
linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=${isofile} quiet splash
initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
}

Then 'sudo update-grub'

Remember to use the correct path and name of the iso. Now select the iso from the grub boot menu.

Also, It's always best to backup the 40_custom script to a separate location, just in case you need to restore it.

Sorry for the ill formatted response, typing from phone.

I have no access to a computer for sometime. Please bear with me. Requesting my peers here for an edit please.


If you want to install OpenJDK 11, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk

Source:1.


Best way to install PyQt5 for Python 2.7 on Ubuntu 14.04

I have found my answer for this question here: https://riverbankcomputing.com/pipermail/pyqt/2014-May/034175.html

Basically, it seems that the Python 2 versions of PyQt5 were left out of the Ubuntu 14.04 repos; however, they seem to be included in  14.10.

So, I installed PyQt5 from source which was not without its own woes:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32080304/issues-with-building-pyqt5-on-ubuntu-14-04

At any rate, I now have PyQt5 installed on my box.


Try this tool OS uninstaller:

Steps:

boot computer on live usb
choose try Ubuntu
open a new terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), and run the following command:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y os-uninstaller && os-uninstaller

Use os-uninstaller to remove Ubuntu 14.04:

launch os-uninstaller from dash
choose OS you want to remove and click ok/

on confirmation window click Apply

Source: OS-Uninstaller


How to know actual size of a compressed file in ubuntu using command?

.tar in .tar.7z? That's strange. If it was just two levels (.7z and .tar) you could do:

tar tvf foo.tar.7z

For example,

$ tar tvf certbot.tar.xz
drwxr-xr-x muru/muru   0 2016-07-06 19:30 certbot/
-rw-r--r-- muru/muru 362 2016-07-06 19:30 certbot/CHANGES.rst
drwxr-xr-x muru/muru   0 2016-07-06 19:30 certbot/letsencrypt-nginx/
drwxr-xr-x muru/muru   0 2016-07-06 19:30 certbot/letsencrypt-nginx/letsencrypt_nginx/
-rw-r--r-- muru/muru 119 2016-07-06 19:30 certbot/letsencrypt-nginx/letsencrypt_nginx/__init__.py
-rw-r--r-- muru/muru 11984 2016-07-06 19:30 certbot/letsencrypt-nginx/LICENSE.txt
-rw-r--r-- muru/muru   118 2016-07-06 19:30 certbot/letsencrypt-nginx/README.rst
-rw-r--r-- muru/muru  1638 2016-07-06 19:30 certbot/letsencrypt-nginx/setup.py
-rw-r--r-- muru/muru    39 2016-07-06 19:30 certbot/letsencrypt-nginx/MANIFEST.in
-rw-r--r-- muru/muru   604 2016-07-06 19:30 certbot/CONTRIBUTING.md
-rw-r--r-- muru/muru   494 2016-07-06 19:30 certbot/readthedocs.org.requirements.txt
...

As you can see, the file sizes are listed in the third column.


How do I install Ubuntu when I already have MeeGo pre-installed on a Samsung n100 netbook?

Sorry to hear you are having troubles with Meego. Is there anything that you can fix on Meego to make it better? Meego is getting less and less support which is another problem but I enjoyed it when I got it working the way I wanted.However I moved on.

If not and you do really want to reinstall it with Meego then it could not be easier.
First of all you need to download Ubuntu from here:
Ubuntu

Then follow the instructions to put it on a pen drive and give it a whirl first booting it from a USB pen drive. If you like it and it works then save any data you need from Meego  (passwords, docs music photos etc) on the pen drive in a new folder and then reboot it and select install and follow the prompts only remembering to select use entire drive or replace current Linux installation.

This will replace your Meego with Ubuntu. Then you can load all your data back on. When installed you may have to sort your settings for a while but I am sure it will work like clockwork.

Let us know how you get on. Enjoy!...and even better let us know what it runs like

Andy


Cannot install packages in Lubuntu 12.04

I think the reason is that as of April, Quantal (12.10) has reached end of life and is no longer supported in the main Ubuntu package repositories. However I don't know why it's trying to install a Quantal package on a Precise system. This might be of use but I'd want to check first that your precise sources aren't touched by sed (sorry, sed's not my area):

How to install software or upgrade from an old unsupported release?


Wifi hotspot is not working in Ubuntu 20.04 in my desktop

I faced the same problem in Ubuntu 18.04
It was solved by reloading the router, though the signal was very weak.


intel_do_flush_locked failed Input/Output error


What is the philosophy behind Unity's name

As mentioned in http://unity.ubuntu.com/ and it's http://unity.ubuntu.com/about/

  The Unity project started by Mark Shuttleworth and Canonical has gone
  on to deliver a consistent user experience for desktop and netbook
  users alike. Putting great design at the heart of the project, Unity
  and its technologies such as Application indicators, System
  indicators, and Notify OSD, have strived to solve common problems in
  the Free Software desktop while optimizing the experience for touch,
  consistency and collaboration.

The idea behind it is to "Unite all devices into one common interface", be them TV, Smartphones, Computers, Netbooks and anything new that comes. This is why the Unity interface is similar in any device it is installed to.

Unity can be extended to others Distros. For example Fedora and OpenSuse are thinking of having Unity as a Desktop option. Archlinux is working on having it added.

So in a way, Unity is a Interface that will unite different Devices and also have a common Interface between Distros in the future. When I say common, I mean that Unity can be found as an alternative or maybe the default desktop in other Distros.

For Distros that already have working implementation of Unity:

Leeenux - http://www.leeenux-linux.com/
ArchLinux - Has Unity in the repos.

For Distros that are working on implementation Unity:

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_%28user_interface%29

OpenSuse & Fedora - Had some work with it. They have it on hold until Compiz and some bugs are taken care of.


Can I enhance the performance of ubuntu using a sd card by in anyways?

Because the bandwith of the SD card interface is quite low compared to even a regular HDD (around 20Mb/s compared to 70-100Mb/s) it will be much slower. Where you can gain speed is by adding as much RAM as possible, and using an SSD instead of the HDD.


Duplicate icons of the same application created on Dock with no WM_class found

For a similar situation I have to do the following:

Determine the class as in the new answer in related question
Briefly:

open the app
AltF2, write lg, go to Windows menu (up-right).

Add class to .desktop file
StartupWMClass=CustomClassName

keep icon in favorites (add to menu) (in my case, right button, 'Add to favorites' didn't work)
Open dconf-editor, search favorite-apps, add .desktop file to list

Or:

Paste this to create a script for that purpose
cat >addToMenu.sh <<'EOL'
#!/usr/bin/env bash
STATE=`gsettings get org.gnome.shell favorite-apps`
STATE=$(sed 's/]/,'\ \'YOURAPP.desktop\'']/g' <<< $STATE)
gsettings set org.gnome.shell favorite-apps "${STATE}"
EOL

Run it:
sudo apt install gnome-shell-extensions
bash addToMenu.sh


App installed using snap but it is not shown in bin folder

It is installed in /snap/bin/intellij-idea-community

And you run it by intellij-idea-community

$ sudo snap install intellij-idea-community --classic
intellij-idea-community 2019.3.3 from jetbrains✓ installed

$ which intellij-idea-community
/snap/bin/intellij-idea-community

$ intellij-idea-community
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: Option UseConcMarkSweepGC was deprecated in version 9.0 and will likely be removed in a future release.

For server, without gui, you'll get:

Startup Error: Unable to detect graphics environment


Multiseat will allow you to have more than one user running separate X sessions. Each using their own display and input devices on a single machine. With this setup, you can [theoretically] run vncserver on the remote machine, when logged in from your "seat", without disrupting another user who's logged in.

TigerVNC source code can be found on their Git releases page, or binaries can be found on Bintray, and are linked from each Git release. The current release is v1.9.0


Bash: what is the meaning of ${parameter##word}

As answered in the linked question, this is substring removal:

${string##substring}
   Deletes longest match of $substring from front of $string.

In this case, it is removing the path and retaining only the basename:

$ FILE=/etc/default/google-chrome
$ echo ${FILE##*/}
google-chrome
$ basename $FILE
google-chrome

Ordinarily, I'd stick to basename, but it's a matter of opinion whether write-only code is better if it is faster. At any rate, I don't see an error in it.

However, you could consider the -nt and -ot tests:

f1 -nt f2
   file f1 is newer than f2

f1 -ot f2
   file f1 is older than f2

And perhaps simplify it to:

other_file="$WS_ROOT/$NomeVista/COMP/COMP_COMPILE"
if [[ -r $fver && -r $other_file && ( $fver -nt $otherfile ) ]]
then
    return 1
fi
return 0


Why won't grub load my newly upgraded kernel?

but when run uname -r, the kernel is 3.0.0-20. How can I solve that?

REBOOT!

When you upgrade the kernel, you must usually reboot to switch to the new kernel.


Why is ircd-hybrid max nickname length 9? (hybserv)

I emailed the people who maintain the package and they said that the option should be available but for some reason the config doesn't contain it.

simply add max_nick_length = n; inside the serverinfo { and everything will work fine.

serverinfo {
  ...
  max_nick_length = 20;
  ...
};


the selected disc is of gpt partition style error

Just a note: This is a Windows 8.* error, not an Ubuntu one, so it's better suited to a Windows forum.

The question has been asked and answered here, so see if the answers on that forum resolve it for you.


Is that your entire smb.conf or is that only the changes you made to it?

If that is your entire smb.conf you are missing a line in the [global] section that allows guest access:

map to guest = Bad User

A "Bad User" is one which does not have a user name entry in the samba password database like an anonymous guest user. Without that override entry in smb.conf samba defaults to map to guest = Never which pretty much does what it sounds like it would do. It prevents access to all guests.

Add the line in smb.conf and restart smbd: sudo service smbd restart


Is there a way to track the volume of a disk traffic from/to a particular file

you can run
  # identify the disk you care for
  $ virsh domblklist <guest>
   Target   Source
  -------------------------------------------------------------
   vda      /var/lib/uvtool/libvirt/images/focal.qcow
   vdb      /var/lib/uvtool/libvirt/images/focal-ds.qcow
  # Then monitor it via
  $ virsh domblkstat <guestname> <disk>
  vda rd_req 23209
  vda rd_bytes 913245696
  vda wr_req 60929
  vda wr_bytes 2483832832
  vda flush_operations 52825
  vda rd_total_times 3619008820
  vda wr_total_times 43149173909
  vda flush_total_times 30698076825

This isn't perfect, but is the virt-stacks view of what is going on and should give you enough for an estimate what to expect.


These are the times I use the "Alternative" installer. All CLI, same actions. FWIW, if you can boot from a USB stick, installing from a USB can be unbelievably faster than CD.


how can I manage to read my Microsoft office documents in Libre office without any problems?

The only safe methods to read correctly an MS document are:

Buying Microsoft Office and a OS that support that, and maybe running it in a virtual machine.
Using Office365 online on your Linux machine (it works, but keep in mind that Word online, for example, can't support the full Word features).
Asking your peer to send the documents in other formats (ODS, etc.), taking into account that the same limitation of point 2 applies.
If just for reading, ask your peers to send you PDFs. These are perfectly compatible most of the time (if fonts are embedded).

So unfortunately the answer is that there is no LO-MSO guarantee of compatibility at all; what you have in Libre Office is a best-effort thing that works reasonably well sometime, badly some other time. It is getting better and better, but it is a moving target.


You are showing the output of apt-cache show linux-firmware - this command shows available versions.
Only one is really installed.
You can check its version number by:

apt-cache policy linux-firmware
dpkg -l linux-firmware

Or use search on packages.ubuntu.com for the same purpose.
For Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) the latest version is 1.187.10 from focal-updates pocket.
There are no additional actions needed. The APT have already done all for you.


Virtual Box Resolution Stuck at 640 x 480

You probably have an hard time using the terminal.
Don't worry it's quite simple, just follow those steps:

Start the machine

Now, on the top menu, go on Devices and click Insert Guest Additions CD image ...
In Ubuntu 15.04 you can just run it, it does everything by itself. If it doesn't, follow those steps.
Open the terminal from the launcher
Write  cd /media/$USER/VBOXADDITIONS_4.3.26_98988  (if the name of the CD is different, check it in Files) and press Enter.
Now, write  sudo ./runasroot.sh  and press enter.

Insert the password and press enter

Done. It should work fine and without any efforts.


There is indeed a recent file specification.


I'm after a reference for specific CLI instances

You can get the manpages (the manual) with the man command.
This will give you a description of the command and details about how to use the command.
Example: man grep


There's two things going on. if list; then list; [elif list; then list;] ... [else list;] fi statement operates on exit statuses. If the exit status of list #1 is 0 then list 2 is executed; else it goes to the list 3.

The test command (which is aliased with square brackets ) returns 0 if code is successful [ -e /etc/passwd ] .

So in the sense it's the same as in C and Java, but reversed.

Corrected script

#!/bin/mksh
#set -x
echo "Start!"

while IFS=  read entry; do

  if [ -e "$entry" ] ; then

  echo "$entry exist"

   else

   echo "$entry doesnt exist"

   fi

done < $HOME/pathlist.txt

Also, don't code before you have coffee


One way of doing that, is to download the Ultimate Boot CD, once downloaded, go ahead and burn the ISO to CD, boot from it, and run a command prompt.

Once you get the prompt, run the the following two commands in a command prompt:

bootrec /fixmbr
bootrec /fixboot
bootrec /rebuildbcd


Hold down the Shift key while your computer is booting up, and don't let go until it actually shows. (I have to do this on my desktop computer because the latest kernel breaks my graphics and I have to pick 2.6.38-10 manually).


Try Ctrl+d (which should be equivalent to passing an exit command to the shell) instead of Ctrl+c


Problems with iSCSI timing out on write operations

There are three more things you can do:

Check the SCSI terminator and replace that. (hardware, to be taken up with your vendor)
Check the device(s) with badblocks in another enclosure
Use commercial software (the only non-free software I still possess) to check (and maybe repair) your disk.  But before we go there, I'd like you to check the two previous items.


how to solve this error? (collect2: fatal error: cannot find 'ld')

I do not see any issues compiling this software as follows:

sudo apt-get install git build-essential gfortran \
liblapack-dev libglu1-mesa-dev freeglut3-dev

cd ~/Downloads
git clone https://gitlab.com/anthonyjs/orient.git
cd orient
make

After compilation it runs normally:

$ ./bin/orient
               ORIENT version 5.0.09  (4d48c82)

                             by

                        Anthony Stone

                   with contributions from
Andreas Dullweber, Ola Engkvist, Elena Fraschini, Matt Hodges,
   Andy Meredith, David Nutt, Paul Popelier and David Wales

      Compiled with gfortran on 03 November 2019 at 19:21:08

Starting at 19:21:51 on 3 Nov 2019

Parameters for this version:
Maximum rank of multipole moments:            5
Maximum rank of polarizabilities:             4

You may have some missing dependencies.


Configurating man page to work like "man xxx"

Since by default /usr/local/share/man/ is in the MANPATH (see /etc/manpath.config), all users will be able to see it if you put it in that directory. However, do compress it first:

gzip edit.1

Also, there is already one man page called "edit" (redirected to run-mailcap). This will not be a problem, since /usr/local/share/man takes precedence AFAIR, but you might want to call your program something else.


How do I get the default font from the command line?

Use this, substituing monospace-font-name with font-name if you want the normal font instead:

# for normal font:
# font="$(gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface font-name)"

# for monospace font:
font="$(gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.interface monospace-font-name)"

font="${font//\'}"
font_name="${font% *}"
font_size="${font##* }"

echo "The font is:"
echo "$font_name:size=$font_size:antialias=false"


Try with:

*/3 * * * * /home/kyle/runBackup.sh

  A CRON expression is a string comprising five or six fields separated by white space

For details see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron


A "tarball" is the archive format output by the tar command (man tar). It can contain files, directories, files in directories, ...

A file called something.tar.bz2 is probably a tar archive, compressed with bzip2 (man bzip2). You can check with the file command (man file).

You can see the contents of something.tar.bz2 with tar tvjf something.tar.bz2, and extract it to the current directory with tar xjvf something.tar.bz2. After you have extracted the files (and directories, and ...) is the time to look for README, INSTALL, or whatever, to hint at the next step.


Ubuntu 20.10 sssd (System Security Services Daemon) failure

There are at least three possible fixes.
Fix #1:
Disable sssd from starting on systems where it's not needed.
sudo systemctl stop sssd
sudo systemctl disable sssd

Fix #2:
sudo cp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/sssd/conf/sssd.conf /etc/sssd/.
sudo chmod 600 /etc/sssd/sssd.conf
sudo systemctl enable sssd
sudo systemctl start sssd

Source: https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2452209&p=13994052
Fix #3:
Properly configure sssd, using /etc/sssd/sssd.conf, to your site's specific needs. See man sssd.conf for more information.


df and Dolphin say home is full, partition manager says there is 1 TB free

You copied your old file-system to the bigger partition. This does not change the file-system-size.

You need to adapt the file-system-size to the new partition-size. To do that run

sudo resize2fs /dev/sda2

Please take a look at man resize2fs.


create new password for a user which one's password is already removed

How exactly did you remove the password, did you edit the /etc/shadow file?
Is it making you enter a password, or can you just hit enter without putting any pass into the box?

What you could do is set a new password and then edit the /etc/shadow file to have a blank space for the password. All you need to do on the password prompts would be to hit enter.

This post is quite helpful to change the password: https://askubuntu.com/a/24024/65957

I hope this helps!


Is there a GUI for setting access to Extn drives for other users?

In the menu, go to System > Users and Groups, and there, select the user, click on "advanced settings" button, and in the "User Privileges" tab, mark the option "Access External Storage Devices Automatically".  That's all.


Ubuntu 18.10 Tomcat8 catalina.out file path

It seems as if catalina.out logging was broken in 18.10.
tomcat8 logs to catalina.out through rsyslog, as you can see in the package's /etc/rsyslog.d/tomcat8.conf

$template TomcatFormat,"[%timegenerated:::date-year%-%timegenerated:::date-
month%-%timegenerated:::date-day% %timegenerated:::date-
hour%:%timegenerated:::date-minute%:%timegenerated:::date-second%]
[%syslogseverity-text%]%msg%\n"

:programname, startswith, "tomcat8" {
  /var/log/tomcat8/catalina.out;TomcatFormat
  stop
}

Unfortunately, it seems like the permissions on Ubuntu 18.10 for rsyslog are not correct to make this work. I found this in my syslog:

  rsyslogd: file '/var/log/tomcat8/catalina.out': open error: Permission denied [v8.32.0 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2433 ]

This causes rsyslog to send all tomcat8 logging to /var/log/syslog

As a side-effect, this causes it to seem like there is "pointless" logrotate on catalina.out. It is probably intended to still be working.

You should ensure that the group syslog has write permissions on the catalina.out file, then restart rsyslog. Logging should behave normally from this point on.

One (naive) way to ensure this permission:

sudo service tomcat8 stop
sudo touch /var/log/tomcat8/catalina.out
sudo chown tomcat8:syslog /var/log/tomcat8 -R
sudo chmod g+rwx /var/log/tomcat8
sudo chmod g+rw /var/log/tomcat8 -R
sudo chmod g+s /var/log/tomcat8 -R
sudo service rsyslog restart
sudo service tomcat8 start


How can I pair SSH keys for connecting to remote server?

first of all, please try to log in as root over ssh with -vv
eg:

ssh root@my_server_id -vv

I think it will tell you what exactly is wrong with your permissions.
Probably your persmissions for .ssh directory are too wide and ssh does not like this at all :)

I think your /root/.ssh directory must have permissions set to 700

chmod 700 /root/.ssh

and file .ssh/authorized_keys should be set to 600

chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys


Do I need to manually uninstall/reinstall drivers if I replace my GPU?

If you talking about the nouveau drivers, no, you do not need to do anything.

If you are talking about the Nvidia proprietary dirver then theoretically you don't need to do anything, but probably the safest thing to do is to revert to the nouveau driver before replacing it and then reinstall the proprietary ones.