The solution is to use

xinput --test-xi2 --root

Here is sample output...

xinput --test-xi2 --root
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=15   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ HP Bluetooth Mouse Z5000                  id=18   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ ELAN22CA:00 04F3:22CA Pen Pen (0)         id=19   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ ELAN22CA:00 04F3:22CA                     id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP TrueVision FHD RGB-IR: HP Tr           id=10   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ ELAN22CA:00 04F3:22CA Pen                 id=12   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Intel Virtual Button driver               id=13   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard              id=14   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP Wireless hotkeys                       id=16   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP WMI hotkeys                            id=17   [slave  keyboard (3)]
.
.
.
EVENT type 22 (RawTouchBegin)
    device: 2 (11)
    detail: 117
    valuators:
          0: 33301.98 (33301.98)
          1: 4413.52 (4413.52)

EVENT type 6 (Motion)
    device: 11 (11)
    detail: 0
    flags: emulated
    root: 749.29/540.47
    event: 749.29/540.47
    buttons:
    modifiers: locked 0 latched 0 base 0 effective: 0
    group: locked 0 latched 0 base 0 effective: 0
    valuators:
        0: 33301.98
        1: 4413.52
    windows: root 0x211 event 0x211 child 0x80331f


How to Launch Terminal Script with Appliation Icon?

You need to create a desktop launcher for your program.
It must have .desktop extension.Open a text editor first,write necessary lines  and then save it with .desktop extension.

For example tor.desktop

[Desktop Entry]

Version= version of the program(like 0.5,etc)

Name=tor

Comment=tor browser (any comment you wish)

Exec=a path to the start command

Icon=a path to the icon (you have to prepare your icon, it must be .png format,you may take them form web)

Terminal=false

Type=Application

Categories=Utility;Application;Internet

After creating it make sure make it executable.

See the link for detailed info:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UnityLaunchersAndDesktopFiles


udev doesn't run bash script as RUN argument

The problem is that udev does not provide a PATH in its exported
environment when running scripts.

Add a PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin or whatever to the start
of your bash script.

For example, I dumped the env contents when a script of mine was called as a usb key was plugged in and got:

ACTION=add
DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-3/1-3:1.0/host4
DEVTYPE=scsi_host
ID_BUS=usb
ID_MODEL=Transcend
ID_MODEL_ENC=Transcend
ID_MODEL_ID=4000
ID_REVISION=0035
ID_SERIAL=TS-RDF5_Transcend_000000000036
ID_SERIAL_SHORT=000000000036
ID_TYPE=scsi
ID_USB_DRIVER=usb-storage
ID_USB_INTERFACES=:080650:
ID_USB_INTERFACE_NUM=00
ID_VENDOR=TS-RDF5
ID_VENDOR_ENC=TS-RDF5\x20
ID_VENDOR_ID=8564
SEQNUM=2023
SUBSYSTEM=scsi
USEC_INITIALIZED=65380632

i.e. no PATH.


How to enable suggestion if command not found ("did you mean..." feature) in "bash" shell?

If zsh isn't an option, take a look at thefuck

It can be installed with:

sudo pip install thefuck

One of the examples in the readme is almost exactly what you're requesting:

➜ puthon
No command 'puthon' found, did you mean:
  Command 'python' from package 'python-minimal' (main)
  Command 'python' from package 'python3' (main)
zsh: command not found: puthon

➜ fuck
python
Python 3.4.2 (default, Oct  8 2014, 13:08:17)
...

It also does some other handy stuff like:

➜ apt-get install vim
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

➜ fuck
sudo apt-get install vim
[sudo] password for nvbn:
Reading package lists... Done
...

or

➜ git push
fatal: The current branch master has no upstream branch.
To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use

    git push --set-upstream origin master

➜ fuck
git push --set-upstream origin master
Counting objects: 9, done.
...


How can I disable automatic update for a single snap in Ubuntu?

You can not. The only thing you can do is delay the update.
From the manual:

Automatic refresh
By design, non-devmode snaps installed from the store are automatically updated on a regular cadence. By default, the snapd daemon checks for updates 4 times each day.
Controlling refresh frequency
Sometimes the user wishes to have snaps refresh at known times, rather than the default. This can be achieved with the snap set system refresh.timer command. The user can specify a range of days or times when they’d prefer refreshes to occur. The following example sets the snapd daemon to refresh snaps only between 4AM and 7AM and between 7PM and 10:10PM.
snap set system refresh.timer=4:00-7:00,19:00-22:10

In theory you could alter the refresh frequency ever day where you keep moving the update moment into the future but this will not work. The snap will get updated at some point (and just ignore your refresh frequency).
See this discussion and the topics from niemeyer.
In that same link post #9 from mwinter (2017) would suggest 2 things:

Me (personally) could do this. But then I rather dislike doing any [additional] filtering on a router as this could cause issues in the future… It also blocks other snap’s and potential more (not sure what all would be at the same location)
Another (in my opinion simpler) solution is to download the snap and install it locally - not from store.

block using a firewall rule. That would kill all snap updates. Not a single one.
remove the snap installed from the store and use a locally installed one.


Unknown group "pcscd" after upgrade to 20.04

It looks like both libifd-cyberjack6 package which is

  REINER SCT cyberJack USB chipcard reader user space driver

with dependency on pcscd package which is

  Middleware to access a smart card using PC/SC (daemon side)

did not created a corresponding group.

So if you really use PC/SC with REINER SCT cyberJack USB chipcard reader you can proceed with manual group creation by

sudo groupadd -g 145 pcscd

I got the 145 GID value on old system which has pcscd package already installed.

If you do not use smartcards - simply remove the corresponding package

sudo apt-get remove libifd-cyberjack6

Also I have reported bug 1881142 to LaunchPad about clean installation of corresponding packages on fresh 20.04 LTS system.


How to remove underline in the header of LibreOffice .docx file

First option is the paragraph style:

Second option is the header style (Click the header, click the arrow to open the menu, open "Border and Background..."):

Hope it helps !


I have MS Office 2010 64 bit SP2 which I would like to install on Ubuntu 14.04, how do I go about doing that?

Instead Of using MS Office you can instead try WPS Office(A decent MS Office clone made by Kingsoft).It's free and best of all you don't even have to use Wine in order to run it!.I easily recommend it over LibreOffice as it has the ribbon interface and excellent compatibility with MS Office documents.If you want to try it the Linux version of WPS Office should be found here http://wps-community.org/download.html


LXDE is by design a light-weight graphical environment with no direct composite manager.

Lubuntu does have the X composite extensions built in though with allows you to install a composite manager of your choice, for example

xcompmgr - a basic lightweight composite manager with a few effects such as shadows and translucent windows. Works with Cairo or Docky. N.B. don't forget to add xcompmgr as part of your autostart programs on logon.
metacity - the standard software based composite manager for basic graphics cards
compiz - the fully fledged all singing all dancing wobbly effects composite manager requiring a more modern graphics card.

Cairo with xcompmgr in Lubuntu:

From ubuntu community help:

  Compiz and Cairo are two rather heavyweight solutions with lots of
  resource-heavy eyecandy. An alternative consistent with the small
  footprint of Lubuntu is xcompmgr.

xcompmgr installation:

sudo apt-get install xcompmgr

leafpad ~/.config/lxsession/Lubuntu/autostart

add line

@xcompmgr -c

Source:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Lubuntu/Windows#How_to_control_window_opacity
 [SOLVED] How to enable compositing in Lubuntu.


What low latency live streaming solutions exist for low bandwidth connections

Maybe the easiest and most stable solution would be to set up an Icecast server where you can define the bandwith per mount point (see also this question). This will also allow very low bitrates at the cost of quality of course.

By using Darkice as a streaming client you are able to stream the sound output of your soundcard, which would alos allow mixing of microphone or other sources before streaming. To set up Darkice for low bandwith streams you may edit the configuration file included e.g. like follows:

[icecast2-0]
bitrateMode     = cbr       # fixed bit rate
quality         = 1.0
format          = mp3       # format of the stream: ogg vorbis
bitrate         = 32        # bitrate of the stream sent to the server
[...]

Both applications are available through the repositories: icecast2  and darkice .


How do I enable opening a file by double clicking?

With the Desktop or your Home folder open, from the menu bar, choose: Edit -> Preferences -> Behaviour and look at the options in the first group of radio buttons.


Diverging package lists between APT and KDE Discover

There are a couple of aspects to your question.
The disparity between what Discover and the terminal show re. updates:
It's possible that Discover showed you more updates than the terminal: my answer here may be relevant. But I don't use Discover much at all and so the actual reason for the disparity maybe something else.
Edit: Today, 20200520,

on Kubuntu 20.04, I'm offered the same four packages by Discover and by sudo apt full-upgrade (via the terminal): gir1.2-secret-1 liblirc-client0 libsecret-1-0 libsecret-common.
on KDE neon, I'm offered the same thirteen packages.

I'll keep checking future updates to see if there's any divergence.
The development-related packages:
Nothing specific to Kubuntu here! For whatever reason, these packages are being pushed out to other *buntu flavors as well. Here's output from Lubuntu 20.04:
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu build-essential dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-9
  gcc gcc-9 libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan5
  libatomic1 libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0
  libdpkg-perl libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-9-dev libitm1 liblsan0 libquadmath0
  libstdc++-9-dev libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-headers-5.4.0-31 linux-headers-5.4.0-31-generic
  linux-image-5.4.0-31-generic linux-libc-dev linux-modules-5.4.0-31-generic
  linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-31-generic make manpages-dev

Note the "NEW" in

The following NEW packages will be installed:

So, we're getting those packages not by way of updating existing packages.

To conclude, you can use either route to keep your system updated and to install new software but I still prefer, and recommend, the terminal.


How to change eth0 interface to bridge interface br0 with static IP in Ubuntu14.04

After giving some try finally got it worked.

Solution:
1. Install bridge-utils package, if ubuntu couldn't locate the package download and install it manually. For packages go through the link

Make changes in interface file /etc/network/interfaces by replacing

For Static IP

auto br0

iface br0 inet static

address 10.x.x.x
    netmask 255.x.x.x
    broadcast 10.x.x.x
    dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8
    bridge_ports eth0
    bridge_stp off
    bridge_fd 0
    bridge_maxwait 0

For Dynamic IP:

auto br0

iface br0 inet dhcp

    bridge_ports eth0
    bridge_stp off
    bridge_fd 0
    bridge_maxwait 0

Thanks!


Open Language Support and select "none" as the "Keyboard input method system". However, then, if you want to use fcitx for inputting, you need to switch it back to fcitx and relogin.


find is a fairly useful way of batch-commanding multiple files but it only carries the full filename around which means, when used in the -o argument it would generate file.cpp.so. But we can clean up after that.

find -maxlevel 1 -iname '*.cpp' -exec g++ -shared -fPIC -o {}.so {} \;
rename 's/cpp\.so$/so/i' *.cpp.so
cp *.so ../../dir


what is the right way to downgrade kernel

I still cannot find packages of linux-image 3.2 by apt-cache search
  linux-images*. Where I am wrong?

On spelling. The correct command is

apt-cache policy linux-image-*

Also, the Tab Completion feature is very handy and you should learn to use it. Open a terminal and write

 sudo apt-get install linux-image-

Then hit Tab key twice and read the list, can you see 3.2 kernel ?

  do I need to install linux-header package too, are there more package
  I should install?

Every linux-image has its own linux-headers version, so it is preferable to install them too.

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-

and use the same Tab Completion feature (as in linux-image- above) to locate the appropriate ones.


Cisco AnyConnect VPN, install issue, vpnui not executing

I am able to connect by using OpenConnect. I recommend setting an alias for the following given it is a long command.

sudo openconnect --usergroup UserGroupName -u UserName VPNAddressOfMyInstitution.edu --no-cert-check

(You may not need to add the --no-cert-check argument.)


If you can modify the files, you will want to check on /etc/sshd_config and /etc/ssh_config to make sure they are configured correctly. These files could have been replaced with the dist-upgrade and my not allow root, or your user, to log in if not configured correctly.

A console provided by your hosting company would be handy to make sure the service is starting and listening on port 22.


OK, it is askUbuntu, but I will answer myself. I found out how to fix the issue:
The file
/etc/sddm.conf
contains the following:

[Autologin]
Relogin=true
Session=kodi.desktop
User=MYNAME

[General]
HaltCommand=
RebootCommand=

[Theme]
Current=breeze
CursorTheme=breeze_cursors

[Users]
MaximumUid=65000
MinimumUid=1000

To switch again to normal desktop environment you have to change to

 [Autologin]
    Relogin=false
    Session=plasma.desktop
    User=

...

Perhaps someone has the same problem and can use this as a solution.
Regards


How does updating the kernel affect custom modules?

This really depends on how this module was installed. The mechanism of DKMS is specifically created for automatic recompiling against the new kernel installed.

Plain kernel modules are only built for very version they were compiled for and keep working when updates do not break the ABI. However, the Ubuntu updates appear to break the ABI quite frequently and require kernel modules to be recompiled. As this is a very much boring and repetitive task, DKMS was invented to overcome this. It inserts hooks in APT to trigger compiling and installing the new version.

To view the current kernel modules installed using DKMS (example):

dkms status
nvidiabl, 0.79, 3.5.0-22-generic, x86_64: installed
nvidiabl, 0.79, 3.7.5-030705-generic, x86_64: installed
nvidia-current, 313.09, 3.5.0-22-generic, x86_64: installed
nvidia-current, 313.09, 3.7.5-030705-generic, x86_64: installed
vboxhost, 4.2.6, 3.5.0-22-generic, x86_64: installed
vboxhost, 4.2.6, 3.7.5-030705-generic, x86_64: installed

Here you can see I have installed some kernel modules into DKMS, only the nvidiabl one myself, the others were installed by the Nvidia driver package and Virtualbox package.

The modules are located (installed) in a specific directory for each kernel version:

/lib/modules/
├── 3.5.0-22-generic
│   ├── build -> /usr/src/linux-headers-3.5.0-22-generic
│   ├── initrd
│   ├── kernel
│   │   ├── arch
│   │   ├── crypto
│   │   ├── drivers
│   │   ├── fs
│   │   ├── lib
│   │   ├── net
│   │   ├── sound
│   │   └── ubuntu
│   └── updates
│       └── dkms
└── 3.7.5-030705-generic
    ├── build -> /usr/src/linux-headers-3.7.5-030705-generic
    ├── initrd
    ├── kernel
    │   ├── arch
    │   ├── crypto
    │   ├── drivers
    │   ├── fs
    │   ├── lib
    │   ├── mm
    │   ├── net
    │   └── sound
    └── updates
        └── dkms

In order to get a custom kernel module with no support provided for DKMS, it needs some "packaging" you'll have to do yourself, of you'll have to recompile it yourself everytime. In other words, a "typical" ./configure; make; sudo make install will just install one specific kernel module and requires you to recompile it every time.

If you fail to do so, the kernel module will simply not be found after an update. It will not look in the old directory and if you would force to load it, it would fail to insert probably. In case the installation overwrote a system default one, it might also load the non-custom one.

I'm not going to include the DKMS packaging here, as I think I've answered your question by now.


Ubuntu won't find enough space to download itself

SOLVED-------

I did switch Windows 10 from IDE to AHCI operation. That solved the problem.
This are the steps:

1) Open CMD as admin. type bcdedit /set safeboot minimal

2) Restart computer and enter BIOS setup

3) Change SATA to AHCI

4) Save and exit

5) Open CMD as admin again and type bcdedit /deletevalue safeboot

And then the problem is resolved.


How can I lock and unlock a screen during certain times of the day?

For those who want to use a GUI, this can quite easily be done with Cuttlefish, a "reaction based tool" that changes Ubuntu settings/appearance based on the environment (time of day, plugged in/out, connected to the internet, etc).

Two things need to be done. First, choose the environment when the action should take place. In this case the date & time.

Then choose which settings should change. In this case unlocking the screen and turning off the screensaver.

Cuttlefish is probably not the most resource-efficient option for this particular task but it's the easiest way I know of.


Use of Predictable Network Interface Names with alternate kernels

You need to distinguish between 3 things:

Predictable interfaces names
biosdevname
70-persistent.rules udev rule

You either choose to use one of these solution but you don't use 2 or 3 at the same time. (In fact, you can but one will take precedence and mask the other(s))

A good introduction to the current situation is the post on the ubuntu dev mailing list

Predictable interface names

Predictable interface names is a udevd thing  since v197 generated in /lib/udev/rules.d/80-net-setup-link.rules

systemd use by default the new predictable interface name. However, unless upstream systemd, in Ubuntu, you have to opt-in by using net.ifnames=1

It does not matter the kernel version you are running. But you need to use the kernel command line to configure it by changing grub configuration /etc/default/grub, like:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="net.ifnames=1"

and run

sudo update-grub

In 14.04 or 14.10, without systemd, it should be enough to remove 70-persitent-net.rules, as described below in the note.

Biosdevname

biosdevname is a dell attempt to solve a similar problem than predictable interface name in systemd. It is the default on ubuntu server. You can have it by installing the package biosdevname

sudo apt-get install biosdevname

Note

You can disable it by using kernel command line in grub config:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="biosdevname=0"

and run

sudo update-grub

or simply uninstall the package.

sudo apt-get purge biosdevname
sudo update-initramfs -u

udev rules

This is the default on Ubuntu desktop. The udev rule /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules creates during the first boot a custom rules /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules with MAC address of your interface to get persistent name for your interface.

Note

If you are already using udev rules, you need to remove /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules and to avoid it being regenerated at each boot you need to run

sudo ln -s /dev/null /etc/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules

After that, if you use systemd, then you need to opt-in for predictable interface name, as describe above.


Wifi not working on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Dual Boot). (windows 8)

I would back-up everything. Do a clean install -  Run Ubuntu as the primary and then use Oracle virtual machine to host Win 8


Ubuntu heat problems with Medion Akoya Notebook

Don't worry about the temperature too much. If your cpu is between 45/65º C and your gpu is between 70/80º C everything is OK (it's not the best temperature but it's OK).

Install your nvidia graphics driver from the official site or install envy (envy will make it automatically). You can install xsensors to follow your cpu temp and your intel gpu temp.

For the nvidia gpu temp you have the sensors from the nvidia driver.
You can install indicator-cpufreq package for intel speed step control and get your cpu frequency lower. It will reduce the heat(I'm using it).

sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq

PS: if you have ubuntu 12.04 dist-upgrade to 13.04. You will gain better performance and less resources usage.


Rounded Window Corners with Themes not Working

If you have not done so already I would suggest doing the following:

Install unity-tweak-tool
Check the GTK theme and Window Decoration that you have in place -
Doing this may highlight a mismatch or that the wrong themes are
active

If that does not work could I ask the details of the theme you expected to be present?


BASH script for extracting archives - how to make the script ask for folder destination?

As for your code:

Do not put error messages to STDOUT, there is STDERR for them.
Do not forget to enclose filenames (and veriables in general) in quotes. tar xjf $1 would not work if $1 contains spaces.
gunzip and bunzip2 without -k (--keep) option delete compressed file after decomressing. Are you sure you want it?
GNU tar can detect compression format by its own, just do not force it: $ tar xf "$1". But let it be as you wish.

As for the task, I would not implement it as a function in .bashrc but as a script. So it may look like that, I think:

#!/bin/bash

# config
DEFAULT_TARGET="."

SCRIPTNAME="${0##*/}"

err() {
    printf >&2 "$SCRIPTNAME: $*\n"
    exit 1
}

ARC="$1"
[[ -f $ARC ]] || err $"'$ARC' does not exist"
ARC="$(readlink -f "$ARC")"

read -p "Extract to [default: $DEFAULT_TARGET]: " TARGET
[[ -z $TARGET ]] &&\
    TARGET="$DEFAULT_TARGET"
[[ -d $TARGET ]] || err $"Directory '$TARGET' does not exist"
[[ -w $TARGET ]] || err $"Permission denied: '$TARGET' is not writable"

cd "$TARGET"
case "$ARC" in
    *.tar.bz2)   tar xjf "$ARC"     ;;
    *.tar.gz)    tar xzf "$ARC"     ;;
    *.bz2)       bunzip2 "$ARC"     ;;
    *.rar)       unrar e "$ARC"     ;;
    *.gz)        gunzip "$ARC"      ;;
    *.tar)       tar xf "$ARC"      ;;
    *.tbz2)      tar xjf "$ARC"     ;;
    *.tgz)       tar xzf "$ARC"     ;;
    *.zip)       unzip "$ARC"       ;;
    *.Z)         uncompress "$ARC"  ;;
    *.7z)        7z x "$ARC"        ;;
    *)           echo "'$ARC' cannot be extracted by $SCRIPTNAME" ;;
esac

Do you need any comments?


Ubuntu Installer moved my C drive somewhere else :( please help

I solved this.
What had happened was the Ubuntu installer had taken over my SYSTEM 100Mb hidden folder and installed itself there. The installer did create the two 20Gb partitions, but appeared to have created another partition further into the 2nd drive for its system files called UBUNTU (see pics above). The Original C: drive containing my Windows 7 was still intact, however when booting into the Windows 7 set up CD and getting to command prompt it was identified as G:
So I assumed that what had happened was that Ubuntu had deleted my SYSTEM partition and used it for itself, and the Windows setup boot was enumerating the original C: drive as an additional drive G: (E: in the UI ), and Windows 7 original SYSTEM partition was now C: drive containing Ubuntu system files but all hidden.
A little research on how SYSTEM is built and repaired yielded these two links.
http://www.howtogeek.com/192772/what-is-the-system-reserved-partition-and-can-you-delete-it/
http://www.sevenforums.com/general-discussion/231133-recover-windows-7-100mb-system-reserved-partition.html
The solution was to boot off Win 7 setup disk (you may have to play around with UEFI type settings in the BIOS to get Windows setup to see your original Windows C: drive - it came up as E: for during system setup boot, I don't know why, but sometimes the Windows setup disk saw nothing at all, so persevere with some of the UEFI and other boot type parameters in the BIOS if this happens)
So startup off your Windows setup disk again, get to command prompt...type these three commands in this order

bootrec /fixmbr
bootrec /fixboot
bootrec /rebuildbcd

and then restart.  This rebuilt my SYSTEM partition for windows and then I could boot and remove the spurious partitions created for Ubuntu. Hey presto back to square one, and I won't ever make my original mistake again! ;)
Thanks for your help mark you gave me confidence to progress this.
Ciao!


How to set Python back to the original version

The system's default version is the one pointed to by the symlink /usr/bin/python. In 16.04 this should be python2.7 but you have changed it (as you discovered, this is a bad idea as many programs in Ubuntu use Python and will not work if they find the wrong version), and it is pointing to /usr/bin/python3 which is a symlink pointing to /usr/bin/python3.5

Remove the symlink you changed (you can't just overwrite it in one step):

sudo rm /usr/bin/python

and make a new symlink with the same name to the correct Python version (that it originally pointed to). In your case this is python2.7 so:

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

now python --version will give you Python 2.7.12 (or 2.7.[some number] depending on what minor version is installed)


I had the same issue and I managed to solve this problem on Zorin OS 12 (which is based on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, so it should work for you too).
First I upgraded my Wine version by entering the following command in Terminal:

sudo apt install wine-stable

Then I upgraded to the newer Linux kernel and graphics support stack with the following command:

sudo apt install --install-recommends xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04

After this GTA San Andreas was running perfectly.


How to add more storage to Ubuntu server 12.04 for my website?

I assume you are using the default apache root folder /var/www

If you don't understand what it does, Leave it!

Use Disks utility: Select the new hard drive → Create New Partition (as Ext4)
Still with Disks utility: Edit Mount Options, something like this

Mount the new partition
Stop Apache

sudo service apache2 stop

Copy files with -a option to preserve all

sudo cp -a /var/www /media/files/

Edit DocumentRoot in 000-default and  wordpress to follow the new path.

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default
sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/wordpress

Example: DocumentRoot /var/www → DocumentRoot /media/files/www

Start Apache again:

sudo service apache2 start

Test it for sometime, if OK Delete old files.

sudo rm -r /var/www/*


Use Gparted to remove windows partition and consolidate partitions

Firstly, a disclaimer, as I can't exactly reproduce the steps to walk you through, this is just what I would try if I backed up all my important info first.
Here is a comparison of my partition table:

I have a 500GB hard drive which is the ext4 filesystem and the fat32 EFI is used for the bootloader. So, you could delete the ext4 fs associated with your Windows install (is that the one mounted at /media/ ?)
So it looks like you want to KEEP:

fat32 EFI filesystem (that's the bootloader)
ext4 linux storage filesystem ( presumably the 200GB partition ??, please double check)
the linux-swap, which isn't absolutely necessary but helps free memory on low RAM systems

Everything else can be selected then Partition > unmount and Partition > Delete.
Once you have ~700GB of unallocated storage you can select ext4 and then click Partition > resize/move and extend the drive to fill the unallocated storage. Finalize the procedures, clicking the green tick, and you should be set.


How to use Netplan to remove IPv6 address on a single interface

This question is a bit old, however there is a way to do it with netplan, using this answer to a similar question:

Just add link-local: [] within the interface you want to disable the ipv6 link local address option. Save and test the new config with: sudo netplan try and if everything was okay enforce it with: sudo netplan apply.

This did exactly what I wanted - disabling ipv6 on just one of the two NICs in the server.


Booting gets stuck on a black screen with some text

we can find the solution in this part of the error:

/dev/sda10: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY: RUN fsck MANUALLY.
        (i.e., without -a or -p options)
fsck exited with status code 4
The root filesystem on /dev/sda10 requires a manual fsck

Busybox v1.227.2 (Ubuntu 1:1.27.2-2ubuntu7) built in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.
(initramfs) _

so i did some digging for you and your question is already answered:

same problem as yours dual boot with windows os

fsck error on boot: /dev/sda6: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY

Root file system requires manual fsck

if that wasnt helpful search
UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY
there is a lot of discussion about it

because of low reputation i couldnt flag the question or comment below it so sorry


How can I make Empathy retry connecting when it has a network problem

Apparently this is a known bug in Empathy, so I decided to launch Empathy from a script that checks if the network is up (connecting to http://www.google.com, internet's true heartbeat :) If the network is not working, it will sleep for 5 seconds and retry, until it tried 30 times

This is the script (named waitfornet.py)

#!/usr/bin/python

from urllib2 import urlopen, URLError
from subprocess import Popen
from time import sleep
from sys import argv

MAX_TRIES = 30
DELAY = 5

if len (argv) < 2:
    print ('Check for network connectivity and run a command once the net is up')
    print ('Tries up to %d times waiting %d seconds between each try' % (MAX_TRIES, DELAY))
    print ('\nUSAGE: python waitfornet.py <command to run>')
else:
    while True:
        MAX_TRIES -= 1
        if MAX_TRIES < 0:
            raise ValueError ('Reached the max iteration count and the net is still down')

        try:
            data = urlopen('http://www.google.com')
        except URLError:
            # if there's a problem connecting to google, that must mean
            # that the net is still down, so sleep 5 seconds and try again
            print ('Internet is down... retrying...')
            sleep (DELAY)
            continue

        # if you got here it means that the urlopen succeded
        pid = Popen([argv[1], ' '.join(argv[1:])]).pid
        break

and this is how I launch it from the "Startup Applications" menu:

~/scripts/waitfornet.py empathy


How do I update from my current Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS to Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS?

You simply upgrade:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

If you are not familiar with the command line, just use the Update Manager to install updates.

Downloadable versions like 12.04.1 and 12.04.2 avoid a large update situations after a fresh install. Also this is useful for computers without or with a slow internet connection. The update manager is always your source for update information. I'm not sure about this, but I think it will even tell you if support for your LTS gets dropped and ask you to upgrade to a new LTS.


"No such file or directory" trying to write NTFS

Instead of trying to remount the read-only partition, unmount the partition and mount it in a separate step.  First the unmount (replace the directory as needed with wherever your Windows drive is mounted):

sudo umount /media/lubuntu/Windows8_OS

Next run ntfsfix (sudo apt get ntfsfix first, if it's not installed) just in case the drive wasn't unmounted properly.  This could happen, for instance, if you properly shut down but then aborted a windows start due to the BIOS running away before you could select your USB media to boot from.

sudo ntfsfix /dev/sda4

The above assumes the NTFS file system is at /dev/sda4. Replace as needed with your device (fdisk -lu may be helpful to determine where it is).

Now mount it:

sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda4 /mnt

Don't forget to unmount it when you are done:

sudo umount /mnt


Can't boot into Windows after aborted install

A computer that came with Windows 10 almost certainly boots in EFI/UEFI mode, so the message claiming that the computer is booting in BIOS mode is highly suspect. It could be that the computer really is booting in BIOS mode (say, if you re-installed Windows yourself); but it's more likely that something is causing the Ubuntu installer to be confused. This could be related to your boot problem, in fact -- it could be that your disk is failing and returning garbage instead of good data on some critical sectors, for instance. OTOH, it sounds like you got the warning message only after you aborted the installation, which suggests it could be a false alarm caused by a bug in the installer. This is all highly speculative, though.

Unless you passed the point where the installer actually resized partitions (when you click past the screen on which you can resize partitions), it should not have written anything to the disk. If you did click past that point, then any answer to your question depends on what you did to those partitions, and you've provided no information on that. For instance, if you deleted or created a fresh filesystem on the EFI System Partition (ESP), you would have destroyed the Windows boot loader. If you resized the ESP, you might have damaged (but perhaps not destroyed) its boot loader. In either case, a fix in Windows is appropriate, and you should ask about the situation on a Windows forum. In fact, I'd say this is the way to go unless you finished with an Ubuntu installation; without Ubuntu more-or-less fully installed on the computer, any potential Ubuntu-based solution is likely to fail.

One possible source of problems is the Windows Fast Startup feature, which turns shutdown operations into suspend-to-disk operations. This is extremely bad for dual-boot configurations because it leads to disk corruption on shared partitions, including the ESP. If you didn't disable this feature, then it could be that accessing the ESP from the Ubuntu installer caused disk corruption -- especially if you resized the ESP. Before you make another attempt, you should disable this feature, along with the related Hibernate feature.


User Groups Best Practices in Ubuntu Server

useradd / usermod command have an option to specify the primary group( -g). If you create a user without -g option a primarygroup will be created with the same name as the new username and the new user will be added to this group.
When user creates a file/directory it gets the group of user's primary group. You can have only one primary group assigned to a user. But you can have multiple secondary groups per user. Use option -G with useradd / usermod command to add secondary groups.

So if you want to create a user and with primary group as sudo , use command:

useradd -g sudo <newusername>

useradd syntax:

useradd -g <primary group> -G <secondarygroup1>,<secondarygroup2> <NewUsername>

In linux the primary group will stored to /etc/passwd file. /etc/groups file will have only list of secondary groups of a user, so getent group sudo ( which looks in /etc/group for group info) won't show the primary group of that user ie. sudo . Use id <username> or groups <Username> to list all the groups, the user is member of. You can also check the 4th field of the /etc/passwd for the primary group gid of a user.

Google and Man pages are your best friend when in doubt.


Python 3 shared libraries and pkg-config on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

It looks that python3 --libs is not coming back.
This bug report: https://bugs.python.org/issue36721 suggests that python3-embed is now the way to go, as Python now distinguishes between extension and embedding in the build process.


You need to locate and download a supported release.  That'll be 14.04 LTS, 16.04 LTS, or 16.10.  I wouldn't recommend anything but the LTS releases unless you like having to upgrade a lot.

Once you have a supported OS installed, you'll still need additional software to run .exe files, because those are DOS/Windows executables, and aren't directly compatible with Ubuntu (or any other flavor of Linux).  If there are Windows programs you need to use, you may be able to use Wine or PlayOnLinux to provide the Windows API they expect -- but not every Windows program works that way.


How to install VPN on Ubuntu 18.04 in China

Try the TOR Browser and you will be able to download from the websites that are otherwise blocked.

Here is the download link to install Tor Browser.


I ended up just using the Mythbuntu installer, which seems to use a slightly different image and boot settings and works fine with HDMI. By default, it only installs a stripped down XFCE desktop, but installing the ubuntu-desktop and gnome-shell packages installs the normal Unity/Gnome desktop.


does rolling back the kernel in Ubuntu compromise security

It does not affect your security any more as staying with that old version would have done.

The rollback does not do anything special.

To find out whether the specific update you rolled back or omitted contains severe security patches, look at the changelog of that version you rejected. Therefore visit http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs/pool/main/l/linux/ and select the respective version directory, then open the changelog file and examine it:

It will contain sections starting with the kernel update version as headline. Those below are the first two sections of the changelog of 4.2.0-30.36 as example:

linux (4.2.0-30.36) wily; urgency=high

  [ Kamal Mostafa ]

  * Release Tracking Bug
    - LP: #1550037

  [ Upstream Kernel Changes ]

  * drm/vmwgfx: Fix an fb unlocking bug
    - LP: #1548587

 -- Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>  Thu, 25 Feb 2016 15:02:05 -0800

linux (4.2.0-30.35) wily; urgency=low

  [ Seth Forshee ]

  * SAUCE: cred: Add clone_cred() interface
    - LP: #1531747, #1534961, #1535150
    - CVE-2016-1575 CVE-2016-1576
  * SAUCE: overlayfs: Use mounter's credentials instead of selectively
    raising caps
    - LP: #1531747, #1534961, #1535150
    - CVE-2016-1575 CVE-2016-1576
  * SAUCE: overlayfs: Skip permission checking for trusted.overlayfs.*
    xattrs
    - LP: #1531747, #1534961, #1535150
    - CVE-2016-1575 CVE-2016-1576
  * SAUCE: overlayfs: Be more careful about copying up sxid files
    - LP: #1534961, #1535150
    - CVE-2016-1575 CVE-2016-1576
  * SAUCE: overlayfs: Propogate nosuid from lower and upper mounts
    - LP: #1534961, #1535150
    - CVE-2016-1575 CVE-2016-1576

 -- Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>  Fri, 19 Feb 2016 10:25:02 +0000

[...many more lines...]

As you can see, each changelog contains all previous changelogs as well. The latest changes are on the top. Just take a look at the first line, the headline of the most recent change:

linux (4.2.0-30.36) wily; urgency=high

You notice the urgency=high? That means it's an important security update which you should not omit if the system is attackable (which all systems connected to a public network or using removable media are) and you care for security.

Of course you must check that for your own specific kernel version, as I don't know it. You find the running kernel version using uname -r, or the exact version (including the number after the .) using apt-cache policy linux-image-generic.


Bumpy Upgrade and Possible Missing pakages

Just perform

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

and if you get

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

you're good to go!


As for Wine, most Chromebooks use an ARM architecture, so a program that is 32-bit or 64-bit will not work. (Please provide your Chromebook's architecture to help me help you.)

As for the updates, open up a terminal and enter sudo apt-get update (the code in the bottom of the output you posted). This should fix the problem.

As for ChromeOS, Unless you're doing a Ubuntu overlay on ChromeOS, there shouldn't be any problem in Ubuntu relating to ChromeOS.


Unable to connect to internet in Ubuntu 15.04

Try this

sudo apt-get install -d --reinstall network-manager network-manager-gnome
sudo apt-get purge network-manager-gnome network-manager
sudo apt-get install network-manager-gnome

Source: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2239214


"Oracle JDK 7 is NOT installed" error even though JDK is installed

You have webupd8's oracle-java7-installer  installed in your system which is trying to install oracle java by downloading it from Oracle site. Oracle website is restricting your access, and that is why you are getting this error.

If you have installed Java manually, you can remove  oracle-java7-installer.

Run following command to fix it.

sudo apt-get purge oracle-java7-installer
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get install -f

It should solve the dpkg error.


How to get a console terminal to show up on a previously headless server

The display will time out and shut down if a monitor isn't connected to it, and didn't come back online by plugging in a monitor. A reboot brought it up for me.


droidcam not installing in Ubantu 18.04.4 LTS based linux pc

Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install build-essential make
cd /tmp/droidcam/
sudo ./install


Clicked "guest session" , system restarted, and now I'm stuck at a black screen

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 and you will be taken to a command line terminal.
Enter your user name and password to log in to your installed system.
Type: sudo systemctl stop lightdm
Type: sudo systemctl start lightdm
You should now be taken to the Display Manager's login screen where you can select your session type and user account.
In case you get lost, press Ctrl+Alt+F7 to be taken back to the graphical system
If this does not work, if you manage to go past steps 1 and 2, run reboot to reboot your system.


You need to scroll down and accept the Terms of Service. You may need to create an account with Ubuntu to install this application. The "price" of $0.00 is so Steam can track how many people are using the program. You can also download it from the Steam website.


The following works for me :

avprobe -v 0 -show_format -show_streams myvideo.mp4 -of json

I'm using libav-tools version 6:11.2-1~ppa1 on Ubuntu.

Hope this helps.

Sebastien.


Chrome - high GPU usage and low FPS while scrolling the page

nVidia is known for poor support on Linux I guess. Try using integrated graphics for chrome and the nvidia for other stuff. I cant even find appropiate drivers for my 760m where I can control which gpu to switch + basic power control.


how to expose cpu flag with virt-manager

Not in virt-manager directly but you could type host-passthrough into the CPU type field which would expose all HVs CPU features.

Another option would be to manually edit the guests XML definition using virsh.


acbde uses your default text editor by reading the shell variable $EDITOR.

By default, the preferred text editor is nano on Ubuntu. If you want something else, you can set the variable to a text editor of your choice by appending a line such as

export EDITOR=vim

to the file ~/.bashrc. Replace vim with the editor of your choice, of course. Remember to re-source your .bashrc after you edited it by running . ~/.bashrc before you run abcde, or simply log out and back in.


Xrdp - How do I connect remotely to an existing local session?

xrdp works internally by opening a new X session and controlling it through Xvnc.

  Xvnc is the X VNC (Virtual Network Computing) server. It is based on a
  standard X server, but it has a "virtual" screen rather than a
  physical one. X applications display themselves on it as if it were a
  normal X display, but they can only be accessed via a VNC viewer

But this is just the default settings, there are other options that you can use:

In particular the option vnc-any also allows you to connect to any reachable vnc server:

So if you want to connect to an X session running on your regular monitor(s), you can install a regular vnc server and connect to it through xrdp.


The following line is wrong:

iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.0.5
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    network 192.168.1.0 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< It should be 192.168.0.0
    broadcast 192.168.0.255
    post-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.rules
    dns-nameservers 192.168.0.5 8.8.8.8

Also, there doesn't seem to be any default gateway setup.

Not having more info about your network, I would suggest adding the following line at the end:

    gateway <YOUR.ROUTER.IP.ADDRESS>

So, assuming your router ip address is 192.168.0.1, this would be the whole entry:

iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.0.5
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    network 192.168.0.0
    broadcast 192.168.0.255
    post-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.rules
    gateway 192.168.0.1
    dns-nameservers 192.168.0.5 8.8.8.8


VirtualBox can't run Kali - "kernel requires an x86-64 CPU, but only detected an i686 CPU"

That message means your CPU is 32-bit, but the Kali image you are using is 64-bit. Use the 32-bit Kali image instead.


Possible to run Ubuntu just off a USB drive?

Yes, you certainly can do that, though I wouldn't shell out big money for a hard drive from BestBuy -- I tend to use free ones that come from merch tables at conferences and the like.  See instructions here on how to do it on Windows, or grab an iso and use dd!


Hirsute hippo: Can't find Russian "phonetic keyboard" (ЯВЕРТЫ)

Confirmed bug.
Cf. https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-control-center/+bug/1925792
Thank you Gunnar Hjalmarsson.
Meanwhile, to summarise discussion, a workaround: Language settings > input sources > "+" > three tiny vertical dots > scroll to bottom > "other". You will find a long list of alternative keyboards, including Russian phonetic.


Restart problem after installing graphical card driver

This is happening when you after the removal the ATI drivers some bits are left in the system.

Could you please try following steps and get back here.

apt-get purge fglrx -modaliases fglrx amdcccle fglrx-kernel-source xorg-driver-fglrx xorg-driver-fglrx-dev
rm /etc/ati
rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf*
rm -rf /usr/share/ati
Reboot.


How to enable bluetooth without restarting OS?

Try this.  Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo /etc/init.d/bluetooth restart

Also you can try BlueZ

  BlueZ provides support for the core Bluetooth layers and protocols. It
  is flexible, efficient and uses a modular implementation.

To install

sudo apt-get install bluez


What's the best way to transform a string into an associative array

What you have doesn't look bad, but neither Bash nor sed play too well with splitting on multiple delimiters; personally I'd use AWK and simplify the script a bit (using AWK changing IFS becomes redundant; notice that you don't need semicolons at the end of statements in Bash):

#!/bin/bash
read post
declare -A myArr
while read name value; do
    myArr[$name]=$value
done < <(<<<"$post" awk -F= '{print $1,$2}' RS='&|\n')

The AWK command:

Reads $post;
Splits records on sequences of amperstands / newlines (splitting on newlines is a trick to prevent the while loop from failing on the final empty record);
Splits fields on sequences of equal signs;
Prints the fields separated by the default separator, a space.

% cat script.sh
#!/bin/bash
read post
declare -A myArr
while read name value; do
    myArr[$name]=$value
done < <(<<<"$post" awk -F= '{print $1,$2}' RS='&|\n')
printf '%s %s\n' "${myArr[name]}" "${myArr[age]}"
% bash script.sh
name=myName&age=myAge
myName myAge
%


How do I get support for a DELL Ubuntu laptop?

TL;DR
Call the "workstation group". They have a direct line 1-877-671-3355 and are knowledgeable about the Ubuntu laptops that DELL sells.

They will help you directly if you have a hardware issue. If it is a software issue, they will open a ticket with special support that (I was told) has no direct line and they will call you back directly.

Don't call 1-800-999-3355 for Ubuntu laptops
Every time I call them, I get asked to call 1-866-982-8688. This number gives 2 options - to be connected with Ubuntu Advantage (which owning a DELL laptop does not entitle you to) or DELL DataSafe. Selecting DataSafe instructs you to call 1-877-218-1671. The techs there cannot support DELL laptops and will redirect you. I tried explaining this to the technicians at 1-800-999-3355, but they continued to insist I call the 1-866-982-8688 number.

UPDATE: I recently just called the 1-877-671-3355 and was instructed to call the 8688 number again. If DELL suggests that you call that number, inform them that it doesn't work. Hopefully they can look into this and get it sorted out internally.

UPDATE AGAIN: After much difficulty with DELL regarding Linux support, I remain very skeptical that the technicians or representative I speak to can accurately represent the Linux experience with DELL. For example, they may tell you that you can do something (such as use a DELL diagnostic tool or recommend updating drivers) with Windows, that simply isn't possible or sensical using Linux. I am very disappointed with this experience from DELL. I would not recommend it. DELL has technicians capable of supporting Linux, but chances are you wont get to speak with them or replies will be significantly delayed.

Be careful when speaking with DELL's sales especially.


Ubuntu 12.10 No sound from headphone on iMac

Have you checked alsamixer? Just open up a terminal and type "alsamixer" then check for "Auto-Mute Mode". If it's enabled, you'll need to disable it.

http://www.tutonics.com/2012/10/fix-no-sound-turn-off-auto-mute-in.html#.USDIwyXtzgg

Hopefully this helps. If not, the post from Ady in the comments section of the above link mentions to look for which channel you have set.

Alternatively, adjust the sound levels via alsamixer.

If the above doesn't work, then try http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2074897 which seems to be the problem you're having, but in reverse (headphones work, speakers do not)

Also, if all of the above doesn't work, there's pavucontrol for Pulseaudio. You may need to check the output settings. Ensure you're using Port: "Headphones"


Format the memory as ext4 if needed
Install tuxboot on the Ubuntu machine. Instructions here http://tuxboot.org/download/
sudo tuxboot
Proceed to install Clonezilla as usual
Machine should boot from the memory


You have to change the settings of this particular WiFi network inside your Ubuntu laptop.

Steps:

Click on the WiFi icon on right side of the top panel.
Select "Edit Connections..."
Under WiFi find and select the SSID of the WiFi hotspot you are
having trouble with.
Click on the Edit button on the right to edit the
settings of the WiFi SSID.
Go to the General Tab.
Unselect "All users may use this network". This will make this WiFi
network connect after you login and won't let anyone else use this
particular WiFi when they login with their own userID.
Optionally: Uncheck "Automatically connect to this network when it
is available." This will allow you to manually select this WiFi
network when you are ready to connect.
Click on Save... button on the bottom of this window to save
the settings. Provide password if prompted.
Close the Network Connections window by clicking on
Close button and you are done.

Hope this helps


Where are the entries of the 2nd monitor panel stored

Finally found it.

(I had a complicated meld command on my 2nd desktop and couldn't easily find it when on the road)

A list of launchers on the panels are found under:

~/.gconf/apps/panel/objects/

I found an entry with grep:

<entry name="launcher_location" mtime="1312612280" schema="/schemas/apps/panel/objects/launcher_location" type="string">
    <stringvalue>meld.desktop</stringvalue>
</entry>

Then, you can find the command under:

~/.gnome2/panel2.d/default/launchers/meld.desktop


Unity launcher appear on gnome session, how to fix it?

The difference between Gnome Classic and Gnome Classic (no effects) is that the former runs Compiz. It seems Compiz has a Unity plugin, which if enabled, will bring forth that panel and menubar that is annoying you. See this link I found on the Ubuntu forums. The poster there used CCSM to disable the plugin. I don't know if that's the best way (CCSM doesn't have a great reputation, to say the least). You can search this site for alternatives to using CCSM.


Your computer is faster than mine, and probably faster than many of the one that people is using right now to read your question.

I'd only suggest you some improvements on your Window Manager, perhaps a different Desktop manager (What kinds of desktop environments and shells are available?), or a Tiling Window Manager such as i3WM (https://i3wm.org/) which will result in a faster experience, more concentration and less distraction.

But your computer is good. Just improve your system's performance by using the proper customization so that you feel everything is better.

BTW: You can find good alternatives to the most popular software, and excellent pieces of software useful to do the majority of the thins you do without need to run proprietary software. But if you insist on using that software, you can try PlayOnLinux or Wine to do so.

Ubuntu uses to come pre-installed with Unity, which is a resources demanding desktop environment, but you may experience a better performance by using, let's say: XFCE, LXDE, or even KDE. Just get the proper information on how to install and enjoy.

Good luck!


MyISAM problem after moving datadir of a MySQL database

I had a similar problem.

Here's what worked on Ubuntu 12.04

To move datafiles from /var/lib/mysql to /newdir_path/newdir

sudo mysql stop
sudo rsync -av /var/lib/mysql /newdir_path/newdir ## like copy, but keeps rights
sudo -H gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf

change datadir to /newdir_path/newdir

sudo -H gedit /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld

instead of:

/var/lib/mysql/ r,
/var/lib/mysql/** /rwk

enter:

/newdir_path/newdir/ r,
/newdir_path/newdir/** rwk,

Now run:

sudo /etc/init.d/apparmor restart
sudo chown mysql:mysql <b>/newdir_path
sudo start mysql


The system can't recognize the disk's space

It may be helpful if you provide more information. Can you explain how you "removed" the ext4 partition from your external 1TB hard drive? Also, the picture you sent is very glitchy, which makes me believe that something's wrong in how the system is able to see the drive. Is your Timeshift (Steam game?) backup safely stored and usable on your computer? If so, I suggest you reformat that external hard drive ONLY IF you have nothing on it that needs to be moved to another drive. This might mean having to delete the partitions on the external drive, then formatting it accordingly, making sure that its new partition spans the entire 1TB range and is active, so that it can be usable again on Ubuntu. If there is a detail I have confused, feel free to drop a comment.


How can I get the correct Lithuanian Keyboard layout?

To get the correct Lithuanian language support. Just need to select the Lithuanian language. Such as:

then everything works fine. Tested on Xubuntu 15.04. And selecting the Lithuanian (US keyboard with Lithuanian characters). Get better with the team setxkbmap -variant, but before the first reboot. That would be as follows:

then press Ok and everything works as it should work.


Gnome-shell and gnome desktop installation failed on 14.04

OK here is what i did and what solve this problem somehow..

Install synaptics then open it up. When u are in there search for this gnome-settings-daemon-schemas. Right click on it and Install/Update/Upgrade (whatever it shows and is similar to it). I also upgraded another files with gnome in name for any case. Apply and reboot.

Sadly.. it was not the end for me. I was not able to login and all i had to do was

  CTRL + ALT + F1

..login and

  $ Sudo apt-get install gnome

..Reboot and everything was working just fine. If u want ubuntu unix desktop just install it manually.


Make the copy progress dialog always on top

You can do this with CCSM or Compizconfig-settings-manager.

Install it with this command.

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Open it and enable Window Rules plugin under Window Management section. Go to it's settings, On the Matches tab, There will options for settings various types of rule for windows.

Use the option Above there. You have to add the window type to it. Then the windows of that class will always be above others.

For the dialog window, you need to add type=Dialog in the above field. Like this

You can even use the + button to grab window class or type. Click on the icon, on the new window, Click on Grab button. The pointer will now become a crosshair icon. Click on the window you want to set rule for.

Experiment with the class and types to find your exact match.


Ubuntu 11.10 then 12.04 then 60+ updates then boot only shows grub

Originally posted as a comment by brewmanz (OP):

  I seem to have fixed it. I reinstalled, deleted swap space, added 3MB
  boot space(?), added swap back in, formatted OpSys partition & kept my
  big data partition. Applied updates and still boots okay. I guess some
  of those warnings (something like "no boot partition - you might have
  problems later") need to be made clearer.


Cant boot OS from USB/DVD after deleting linux partition

Use Unetbootin to make a bootable image of your favourite OS , once booted use 'Try Ubuntu without installing' option and later on install it into your partition.


npm installed packages are not accessible

I answer my own question for the case that someone else stumble over the same problem.

The packages can be installed as local and global where local is default. We should install the package as local when we require it and as global when we want to access it within the shell. To install a package as global simply add -g in my case I run

sudo npm install -g express

and now it works.

Edit

Using -g and require it later can lead to UNMET DEPENDENCY express this can be solved by using -d

sudo npm install -d express


Intense hard drive access activity immediately after log in

I'd switch to a virtual terminal at the GDM login screen (Ctrl+Alt+F1), log in and start iotop (you maybe need to install it first). Then switch back to GDM (Ctrl+Alt+F7), log in, and immediately switch back to iotop using Ctrl+Alt+F1. You should now see, which process is responsible for the heavy IO.

Forgot to mention an alternative: you could try using bootchart to generate a chart that visualizes the boot process + desktop start. You maybe need to edit its configuration, so it shows more than just the first seconds of desktop loading:

Open the file '/etc/init/bootchart.conf' and remove the line:--crop-after=compiz,metacity,mutter,kwin,xfwm4 \

Two things:

You maybe need to reboot twice after the first installation to get a useful result (it's possible that an index file needs to be rebuilt, I don't know for sure).
Once installed, bootchart will run on every boot, unless you add bootchart=disable to the 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT' parameter in '/etc/default/grub' (followed by a sudo update-grub).


Unable to locate package libtomcrypt-dev

I can't seem to find a ppa for this package, so here is how I would do it:

1) Download the .deb from here: UbuntuUpdates - Package "libtomcrypt-dev"

2) Install it with sudo dpkg -i /path/to/deb/file followed by sudo apt-get install -f. See this question for more information on how to install .deb files.


Upgrade: solve dependency on previous release package

Problem solved, thank to this question and its answer
(didn't find it at first as the title isn't very explicit, thus I don't withdraw my question, as it might be useful for others).

So, just in case, the solution is:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -f install

(and of course after that: apt-get upgrade and apt autoremoveto finalize).


Another extension you can use is Just Perfection. In the extension's settings disable Workspace Popup.


Chrome on host Windows 8.1 can't connect to guest running Ubuntu 14.04 with apache

Try this:

Go to the LAN settings (in Chrome: Tools → Options → Under the hood → Change Proxy setting → LAN Setting)
Tick the checkbox "Bypass proxy server for local address"


Way to turn on WAN antenna (mobile broadband) while leaving LAN antenna (wifi) off?

yes!  I just discovered this recently myself - rfkill lets you manage switching all your various radio devices

rfkill list

to show devices, and their on/off (aka "block/unblock") status

rfkill unblock wwan

should switch on your built in 3g.  man rfill for more info!


Have you described your devices / monitors configuration in /etc/X11/xorg.conf ?

If not, I would advice you to do so, it was the only way to get my 3 monitors working on Ubuntu 15.04.

You can look at my question to see some examples of configuration files, and ways to manage displays through xrandr or xorg.conf.

Additionnaly, if you want more precise help :

which drivers are you using ? Open source (radeon) or proprietary (fglrx) ?
what's the result of xrandr ?
what's the result of lspci | grep VGA ?
How are your monitors arranged on you desk ? Describe the position / rotation depending on which connector they use : DisplayPort / DVI-0 / DVI-1.

To know which display is on DVI-O or DVI-1, just run:

xrandr --display DVI-0 --off

it will disable the display on DVI-0.

To reenable it :

xrandr --display DVI-0 --auto

Here is a first attempt with all displays in landscape in the order from left to right (DP / DVI-0/ DVI-1), be aware that you need to edit the line BusID with the correct PCI address given by the command lspci | grep VGA.

Put these lines in /etc/X11/xorg.conf :

Section "ServerLayout"

    Identifier     "home_config"
    Screen      0  "Screen-DisplayPort-0" 0 0
    Screen      1  "Screen-DVI-0" 1680 0
    Screen      2  "Screen-DVI-1" 3360 0

EndSection

Section "Files"

    ModulePath   "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
    FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc"
    FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1"
    FontPath     "built-ins"

EndSection

Section "Module"

    Load  "extmod"
    Load  "dri"
    Load  "dri2"
    Load  "dri3"
    Load  "dbe"
    Load  "glx"
    Load  "record"

EndSection

Section "Device"

    Identifier  "R9270X"
    Driver      "radeon"
    BusID       "PCI:4:0:0" #<--- replace here with the PCI adress given by lspci | grep VGA
    Option      "Monitor-DVI-0" "Display-DVI-0"
    Option      "Monitor-DVI-1"  "Display-DVI-1"
    Option      "Monitor-DisplayPort-0" "Display-DisplayPort-0"
    Option     "AccelMethod" "glamor"
    Option      "ModeDebug" "true"

EndSection

Section "Monitor"

    Identifier "Display-DisplayPort-0"
    Option "PreferredMode"  "1680x1050"
    Option "Position" "0 0"
    Option "Enable"  "true"

EndSection

Section "Monitor"

    Identifier "Display-DVI-0"
    Option "PreferredMode"  "1680x1050"
    Option "Position" "1680 0"
    Option "Enable"  "true"
    Option "Primary" "true"

EndSection

Section "Monitor"

        Identifier "Display-DVI-1"
        Option "PreferredMode"  "1440x900"
        Option "Position" "3360 0"
        Option "Enable"  "true"
EndSection

Section "Screen"

    Identifier "Screen-DisplayPort-0"
    Monitor "Display-DisplayPort-0"
    Device "R9270X"
    DefaultDepth    24
    SubSection     "Display"
        Viewport 0 0
        Depth 24
    EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "Screen"

    Identifier "Screen-DVI-0"
    Monitor "Display-DVI-0"
    Device "R9270X"
    DefaultDepth    24
    SubSection     "Display"
        Viewport 0 0
        Depth       24
    EndSubSection

EndSection

Section "Screen"

    Identifier "Screen-DVI-1"
    Monitor "Display-DVI-1"
    Device "R9270X"
    DefaultDepth    24
    SubSection     "Display"
        Depth       24
            Viewport 0 0
    EndSubSection

EndSection

Section "DRI"
    Mode 0666
EndSection

If something goes wrong and you can't access your display manager:

reboot in recovery mode
rename the file xorg.conf : sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak
reboot : sudo reboot (or restart your display manager sudo service lightdm restart for example)
provide error logs : cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log | pastebinit and cat /var/log/Xorg.1.log | pastebinit

Good  luck !


If you have any snaps installed, they will likely use that directory. Some may appear empty, but they may have hidden folders inside. If you delete them, then you may lose config or data for the snaps you've installed.


The Ubuntu Community Documentation on Locales states that:

  The gnome display manager (GDM) has its own settings, including
  GDM_LANG for example, and is known to change locale settings when
  running /etc/gdm/Xsession. You may want to examine GDM's cache
  (/var/cache/gdm/$USER/dmrc) and restart GDM.

So please check that and correct it as required to resolve the issue.


Why disabling "Secure Boot" is enforced policy when installing 3rd party modules

This is not a bug, it is a feature.

As Anthony Wong says, when you install a DKMS package you are compiling the package yourself, thus, Canonical cannot sign the module for you.

However, you can definitely use Secure Boot, however this is exactly the use case where Secure Boot is trying to protect you from yourself because it cannot know whether you trust a module or don't.

By default, there is a Platform Key (PK) on your UEFI machine, which is the ultimately trusted Certificate Authority for loading code in your processor.

GRUB, or shim, or other boot mechanisms can be digitally signed by a KEK which is trusted by the root CA (PK), and thus your computer can, without any configuration, boot software like Ubuntu Live USB/DVDs.

On Ubuntu 16.04 the kernel is built with CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE=1, which means that the kernel will enforce modules to be signed by a trusted key in the platform.
Take into consideration that the UEFI platform by default contains a PK that you do not have any control over, and thus you cannot sign binaries with a key recognized by your own machine.

Some people bash and rant against that, but there is really no better way (from a security standpoint) than it being yourself who enrolls the new key you want.

If your boot system uses shim, you can use something called a Machine Owner's Key database, and enroll your key as a MOK (You can do that with mokutil). If you don't, you can also enroll your key in the UEFI database as a signing key.

After you enroll your key, you can sign your DKMS-built package with your MOK (there should be a perl script at /usr/src/kernels/$(uname -r)/scripts/sign-file), and after it is signed, you can load it into the kernel.

Granted, someone should make more visual instructions on this, and probably even make a wizard or a better DKMS standard to allow keys to be taken into consideration, but this is what we have as of now.

You can refer to this explanation on how to sign your own kernel modules: https://askubuntu.com/a/768310/12049


The option you're looking for is --disable-factory.


Just do:
xdg-open <file_name.movie>

Otherwise a good alternative is to dowload and install VLC media player.

VLC is the VideoLAN project's media player.
Completely open source and privacy-friendly, it plays every multimedia file and streams.


You could try to update the software using the embedded update function :

sudo youtube-dl --update

Maybe this could solve some bugs/problems.


Why don't I see an option to upgrade to 12.04 LTS?

The first place I would look is at Update-Manager's settings.

Open Update-Manager. In the lower-left corner should be a Settings... button. Open it.
The Software Sources window (below) should open. Select the Updates tab.

At the bottom  Notify me of a new Ubuntu version: should be set to For any new version. If it is not, then change it.
If you changed the setting then save and close the window and see if the upgrade  to 12.04 notice  now appears.

If that did not work, then I suggest trying one of the other methods discussed in
How do I upgrade from 10.04 or 11.10 to 12.04?


How do I setup my HP C4140 printer wirelessly?

To upgrade hplib run sudo hp-upgrade.

You can also use sudo hp-setup to install the drivers for a HP printer and to set it up -  this approach is easier when you need to install drivers for a HP printer again in the future.


Selecting Gnome from login screen launches Gnome Classic everytime

what you are talking about is the FALL BACK MOOD. it happens cause your device cannot support gnome shell. that might be because of VGA card (Geraphic card) 's poor performance.


Bash script to end and edit Typescript file at the end of terminal session automatically

Try this place that script in the ~/.bash_logout file and when the shell closes it will be run.

I used this example and it worked:

finish() {

        echo "my firstname" >> /tmp/kokolet
}
trap finish EXIT


Black screen trying to use Unity desktop on a Samsung Chrombook

You should have ran:

sudo sh ~/Downloads/crouton -u -n chrootname

(unity, kde, or which ever version your running)

Make sure you try that next time before just starting over.


How to persist configuration changes accross restart with LXD containers?

I solved this using a profile.

lxc config profile edit bridge

Then in the editor:

name: bridge
config: {}
devices:
    eth0:
        nictype: bridged
        parent: br0
        type: nic

And when creating a guest/container, specify the profile

lxc launch ubuntu GUESTNAME -p bridge

Not sure, but assume you can apply the profile to existing guests/containers as well. Have not tried it.

EDIT:
From lxd 0.18 profile is part of main commands:

lxc profile edit bridge


Why do I no longer get informed that updates are available by a pop up?

Try installing the dconf-editor and checking if no-show-notifications is set to true, so you can set it to false, once open you'll find this boolean flag in com > ubuntu > update-notifier

To install the dconf-editor:

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

To access other relevant update-notifier options via terminal:

update-notifier --help


Latest two images will not install on Nexus7 (32GB + 3G), but older were Ok

You installed from at least two daily-live images before. They were both successful.
Then you tried the most recent two daily-lives when they came out, and they failed. You've gone the extra mile and verified that it fails by attempting to reinstall with it several more times. It's continued to fail at the same point and in the same way as before.
You should file your bug report now.
You don't have to go back again and make sure it still works the way it used to work. It's a daily-live. It's expected to work, fail, and (with hope, eventually) work again, from one day to the next.
Some Guidelines for Hard-to-Report Bugs in Daily Builds
If you haven't done so already, make sure to read this thoroughly. For good general information (not specific to Ubuntu) for reporting bugs, take a look here. It may be a good idea to be familiar with this and this too.
Which package you'll report the bug against, and what kind of technical information you should try to collect, will be determined by how the error occurs and what it looks like.
This is less of a flowchart and more of an explanation of basic bug troubleshooting and reporting for alpha/beta releases, starting with the chronologically earliest (after booting) and hardest to report bugs, and building up to the later and often more easily filed bugs.

You will need a keyboard in order to do some of this, but if you're unable to provide as much information in your bug reports as a
consequence, you should still report bugs as you find them.
I have written this to address the general case of your situation
(with the hope that it will help others too in a variety of
daily-live testing scenarios); don't worry when some of this doesn't apply to you.
However, you may want to attempt to install a Bluetooth keyboard so that you can perform a wider range of troubleshooting methods.
Depending on where the bug happens, this might or might not be
practical. If you want to attempt that, these resources may help.
Also, please note that a laptop with Bluetooth can be used as a
Bluetooth keyboard for your tablet.

If you never get as far as the GUI loading, and the Plymouth splash screen (with Ubuntu and the colored dots) doesn't even come up, try booting with nomodeset. Whether or not that succeeds, report the bug against the package linux.
If it succeeds, that's important information, plus it lets you report the bug better by starting with ubuntu-bug linux or, if you only have a command-line, apport-cli linux. For more information, see man ubuntu-bug and man apport-cli.

If the GUI never loads but you get a virtual console, or you are able to get one by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 or Ctrl+Alt+F2, then report the bug against xserver-xorg (unless you suspect it's a particular video driver and know or can find the name of the package that provides it). Use apport-cli if possible.
Make sure /var/log/Xorg.0.log gets attached to the bug report. On a live system, especially one that fails early such that you cannot get the GUI up and working again, there will usually be no Xorg.0.log.old in /var/log, but if there is one, make sure it gets attached too.
Also make sure /home/ubuntu/.xsession-errors and /home/ubuntu/.xsession-errors.old are attached, if they exist. If the problem happens early, it's likely neither will exist.
If you can get a virtual console at any point, and you can connect to the Internet, it's not too hard to file bugs with excellent technical information included.
You can use apport-cli, and you can transfer any additional files you need to attach to the bug report to another machine (as you might find Launchpad cumbersome to use with a text-based web browser like links2).
It's usually hard to connect a machine to the Internet via wireless without a GUI (most wireless users have GUI's so it's sort of a niche thing and there hasn't been a command-line client for the Network Manager for several releases now). So if possible, the easiest way to connect to the Internet may be via Ethernet (if you have the necessary hardware, including an Ethernet card in your computer). Of course, if you're testing on a virtual machine, connecting it to the Internet should be no problem.
If you have another machine (or this is a virtual machine), sometimes it's quite useful to install an SSH server so you can connect to it from outside. This makes copying and pasting text from the terminal easy, and for that reason I almost always do this when I have to use apport-cli.
You can also run graphical programs on the testing system and have their interfaces appear on the SSH client (this works even if the GUI on the testing system has problems and even if the X server does not start at all). This can be very handy--you can run ubuntu-bug graphically, for example. (You can also run the ubiquity installer even when the GUI isn't working on the the machine...but when the GUI isn't working, your energy as a tester would usually be better devoted to investigating and bugreporting that.)

If the desktop loads but you cannot select between Try Ubuntu and Install Ubuntu, see if the text-based boot menu works to let you choose one. Press Spacebar (or any key) as the keyboard and person icons appear near the bottom of the screen (this is around when the DVD/USB is first starting to boot). This should make the text-based boot menu appear. You can select the option you want with the arrow keys and press Enter.
If selecting between trying and installing Ubuntu is just broken on the graphical screen, it's likely you've found a bug in the ubiquity-dm executable, which is provided by ubiquity, the same package that provides Ubiquity, the graphical installer. In this case, the best thing to do would be to produce the bug, then go to a virtual console, use pidof or pgrep, or ps piped to grep (ps ax | grep ubiquity-dm) to get the PID for ubiquity-dm, then run apport-cli PID (replacing PID with the actual number of course).

If you can select between Try Ubuntu and Install Ubuntu but one of them doesn't work, that's important information. Try again and pick the other one.

If Try Ubuntu works and you get a fully functional desktop, try running the installer. It will likely (though not necessarily) not work. Then you can report a bug against it. (You have a fully working desktop environment, after all.) Sometimes additional information about what goes wrong can be obtained by running Ubiquity from a terminal window. To do this, press Ctrl+Alt+T. For Ubuntu, run ubiquity gtk_ui; for Kubuntu, ubiquity kde-ui. The --debug/-d flag is sometimes useful but read the manpage first so you understand where it's putting the verbose debugging output, and remember it causes just about everything to be logged including any passwords you enter during installation!
If Install Ubuntu works, the installer runs. Normally, it's possible to cancel the installer, which drops the user to a fully functional desktop. See if that works.

Whatever doesn't work, you can bugreport (which is the most important thing). Whatever does work, you can test (and bugreport anything about it that turns out not to work, or not to work right). In all your bug reports, make sure to report exactly what you were trying to cause to happen, what you did, and what did happen.

If you're in the installer, or another application, and the GUI stops working (to such an extent that you cannot continue running graphical applications on the machine), see if it's reliably triggered by the same event. If it is, cool! That should definitely be reported as a bug. (If it just happens from time to time, that should still be reported as a bug.)
Go to a virtual console and see if it's due to a crash. One easy way to do this is to check if there is a .crash file in /var/crash. If there is not, then either Apport crash reporting is disabled (which has sometimes been the case for early alphas, you can run cat /etc/default/apport, if enabled=1 it's enabled).
If there is a crash file, run apport-cli on it to report the crash. If the problem wasn't a crash, report it against xserver-xorg (unless there's another package you suspect is the cause), using apport-cli xserver-xorg if you can.

If the GUI stops responding but still looks OK, that might be triggered by an application (such as Ubiquity) freezing in such a way that it monopolizes the X server and prevents new input from given.
If someone can explain better how and why that happens, an edit would be most welcome!
I'm not sure if it's better to report that against the app that triggered it or against the X server, but I think probably the app, as something went wrong there first.
In any case the first thing to do is see if this is the case, by quitting the application. You can use the same process utilities explained in part 3 above to figure out the PID (or PID's, some applications, including Ubiquity, have more than one associated process) of the application you suspect is the trigger. Then you can attempt to terminate them with kill, killall, or pkill. For example, to terminate a process whose PID is 4000, run kill 4000. If that doesn't do the trick (you can use ps or similar utilities again to see), try kill -KILL 4000 (which sends SIGKILL instead of SIGTERM). If you get a Permission denied or similar error, try running it as root--that is, sudo kill 4000 or sudo kill -KILL 4000.
After you've killed the application successfully, go back to the GUI (Alt+F7) and see if it's responding again. If so, that reasonably well confirms that the application whose process(es) you just killed were responsible for, or at least involved in, the problem.
Once you've verified that this is what's happening, reproduce the freeze, then switch to a virtual console and report the bug with apport-cli PID.

If a problem occurs that doesn't keep the GUI from working right, great! Finding bugs is the main purpose of testing, and finding bugs that don't make their own reporting difficult is the best scenario.

If it's a crash, let Apport collect and send the stack trace and other important technical information, then fill out the report.
If it's any other kind of bug, use ubuntu-bug whenever possible as some valuable information is still sent. Generally, if it's a bug that's showing itself in the way an application is running--especially if the application is not responding--it's especially valuable to invoke ubuntu-bug with the PID of the application. Or, since your GUI is working, you can run ubuntu-bug -w and click on the ailing application window.

Here are some general considerations to keep in mind, no matter when your bug occurs, what it looks like, and what information you're able to discover about it:

When you report a bug that isn't a crash, what package it's in is often a guess. It's best to make it as educated as possible a guess, but sometimes the bug has to be seriously investigated before anyone can know. Furthermore, there's no way for me to give a thorough explanation of how always to figure out what package is affected (mainly because I often don't know how, but also because there are many considerations; a full treatment of the subject might be an entire book).
The package for a bug can be changed after the bug is reported, so you shouldn't let not knowing what package a bug affects keep you from reporting it for too long.
It's also possible to have a bug filed against more than one package at a time. After you submit a bug report on Launchpad, you can add additional packages. You can also add upstream projects (typically those corresponding to the affected package or packages in Ubuntu against which the bug was first reported), and packages in other distributions (but you should generally only add them if you know the bug occurs there, and there is a bug report on the other distribution's bug tracker).

Search first before submitting a bug report, especially if it's not a crash bug. (The materials linked to near the top of this answer explain how to do this properly.)

Your bug report should be clear, and as detailed as you can reasonably be. Bugs in daily-lives should indicate the date of the daily-live if possible. If you know what daily-live appears to have introduced the bug, definitely include that information!

Obtaining a Particular Daily Build
Usually, you want to use the latest daily-live. See if there's a newer one here than what you already have. It's virtually always best to test with the latest daily-live.
(Or the latest daily-preinstalled, if that's what you're testing...though that's largely outside the scope of this answer.)
If a bug appears to arise with a particular daily build, it's often unnecessary to test again with a previous one. This is especially true for bugs that always happen (which appears to be the case in the example scenario you have). For random crashes, on the other hand, it might be worthwhile to go back to a recent previous daily-live to see if you can produce them. However, typically this should only be done if (a) it's reasonably quick and easy for you to accomplish, or (b) something is known about the bug that indicates it's especially important to figure out exactly when it started.
Usually, it's sufficient to go back one daily-live. The server always stores two. (On rare occasion there's more than one daily-live in a day, and then the server will sometimes have three at a time, but still not spanning more than two days.)
If you feel you really do need (or want) an even earlier daily-live than what's on cdimage.ubuntu.com, I don't think old daily-lives are officially retained for distribution, but it's sometimes possible to get a three-day old (or perhaps occasionally even older) daily-live from a mirror that is not yet fully up to date.
You can search the web for this, with ubuntu, the string of digits representing the date of the daily live you want, and "daily live". For example, to get the daily live you were looking for in your question, I searched Google for:
ubuntu "daily live" 20130110

Usually, most of the results will be from cdimage.ubuntu.com itself. Since you've checked that the daily-live you want isn't still there, you can disregard these. It's just cached data (and Google does not cache the ISO's themselves).
When you find a server other than cdimage, check it out. I found this:

ftp://ftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/ubuntu-cdimage/_LASTMIRROR.txt

(I am providing this for illustrative purposes; anyone reading this more than a day or two after I post it shouldn't expect any significant likelihood of this server still carrying that particular daily-live. But that doesn't matter. This to show how to do it for an arbitrary daily-live.)
That's actually a log showing what files the mirror downloaded from the central server. The key is to navigate up the directory tree. So, I went up to ftp://ftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/ubuntu-cdimage/.
There I found a daily-live directory containing the daily-lives shown in the log Google had found for me. One of those files was the daily-live I was looking for, 20130110.
Often an FTP site will have a web server also, so it's worth trying to replace ftp:// with http:// in the URL. (The rest is usually the same, even if it starts like ftp..) Sometimes the HTTP server will be faster, and sometimes the FTP server will be the fastest. Mirrors that update slower might be slower to download from, too, so the difference in speed could matter. Generally both the FTP and HTTP versions of a site will be updated at the same time (or almost exactly the same time) as typically they serve the same files from the same server, though this isn't universally the case.
If you have a later daily-live, you can "update" to an older one withzsync, just as you'd update from an older one to a newer one. zsync is packaged for Ubuntu, and is available for other OSes as well. If you want to use is on Windows, there's information in this answer about how to do that. zsync requires HTTP to work; it will not download a file via FTP. (It will of course download a file via HTTP where the domain name starts with ftp., though.)
If you need this particular old daily-live and you're not able to grab it in time, please comment to let me know. I might be able to come up with something else.


Can't install Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6205 in my Lenovo X121e

To disable the old wireless card, please open a terminal and do:

sudo su
echo "blacklist rtl8192ce" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
exit

Please be certain that your laptop does not utilize a whitelist for allowable wireless cards. http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Problem_with_unauthorized_MiniPCI_network_card

Most Lenovos, including my two, use a BIOS whitelist. If the Centrino you picked is not on the list, it is very tricky to bypass and may brick the laptop.


Change directories to your desktop, download python3-netcdf4, and install it. Open the terminal and type:

cd ~/Desktop/
apt download python3-netcdf4
sudo apt-get install ./python3-netcdf4_1.3.1-1_amd64.deb


ubuntu 16.04.1 snap install conjure-up error

This is an interesting error can you do the following:

sudo snap remove lxd
sudo apt-get install lxd lxd-client
conjure-up

To me this looks like an issue with the LXD snap running on Xenial. If this works I'll get with the LXD guys to see what may be going wrong with that snap.


Scrambled video when using Logitech USB headset

The problem has vanished with Ubuntu 12.10.


Dell XPS 13 Developer Edition Wifi Problem

After going down several blind alleys on various forums, I found the simple fix is to update the kernel. Open up a terminal (press CTRL+ALT+T) and type in:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-quantal

You'll be asked for your password.

Once the install has finished, reboot your laptop and all will be good.


How to remove qgvdial (QT Google Voice Dialer)?

I'm the author of qgvdial. I found this question because I searched on Google for qgvdial. Please see the project page at http://code.google.com/p/qgvdial/ to make a bug report.

dpkg -P --force-all qgvdial

That should purge it.


Cannot install OpenSSH on Ubuntu Server Virtual Machine (KVM)

The dpkg scripts failed to generate the ECDSA keys for some reasons. The other host keys are generated successfully and your ssh server was installed successfully so you should not have any problem using it.

If you have problems, try to start the ssh service and check its logs:

# systemctl start ssh
# journalctl -b -e


Kubuntu 18.04 upgrade has broken MongoDB server?

Following the guide from Mongo official site, I got it fixed.

Step 1:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv E52529D4

Step 2:

echo "deb [ arch=amd64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu bionic/mongodb-org/4.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-4.0.list

Step 3:

sudo apt-get update

Step 4:

sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org=4.0.2 mongodb-org-server=4.0.2 mongodb-org-shell=4.0.2 mongodb-org-mongos=4.0.2 mongodb-org-tools=4.0.2

Step 5:

sudo service mongod start

Step 6:

sudo service mongod status
● mongod.service - High-performance, schema-free document-oriented database
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mongod.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-10-07 17:06:28 BST; 4min 24s ago
 Main PID: 27797 (mongod)
    Tasks: 26 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
           └─27797 /usr/bin/mongod --quiet --config /etc/mongod.conf

Oct 07 17:06:28 lau-desktop systemd[1]: Started High-performance, schema-free document-oriented database.
Oct 07 17:06:28 lau-desktop mongod[27797]: 2018-10-07T17:06:28.337+0100 I CONTROL  [main] Automatically disabling TLS 1.0, to force-enable TLS
lines 1-10/10 (END)


I own the mouse and the middle click works for me. Try clicking with two and one fingers on the lower portion of the mouse (the middle works). Your mouse should be configured for one or the otehr.

If that doesn't work, use a Windows computer to configure the mouse (you'll need the logitech tool that is downloadable at logitech.com/downloads/t620)


Will Ubuntu 12.10 or 12.04 Run Very Smoothly on My Computer Or Should I Go With Lubuntu?

I'd suggest going directly to Lubuntu (but try the Lubuntu live USB before) because of your hardware specs. I currently use Lubuntu 12.10 on an older computer and it runs very smooth.


Windows program running under WINE not seeing external USB device

Wine doesn't support access to USB devices by Windows programs running through it. You'll need to find a program that runs on Linux natively or use a virtual machine with Windows instead.


Trash can exists but no file will delete because there is no folder for trash. "Unable to find or create trash"

I do not believe it would be remotely "easy" to delete a trash folder, at least without a sudo command, and even then.  Assuming you believe someone else did this, you might want to be more concerned with who is messing with your computer, and why!  I would guess the person who did this was either trying to forcibly delete your trash or recover files from it.  In either case it is cause for concern.

If you haven't rebooted, I strongly recommend this option before trying to replace something that might not actually be missing.  However if you wish to reveal the trashcan without rebooting, I may have a solution.

In my Ubuntu installation, the location of the actual trashcan file is HIDDEN within the home folder as follows:

/home/[user]/.Trash-0

To see all the invisible files as well as your ".Trash-0" folder, please navigate to your home folder in BASH and at the command line type:

ls -a


This is an old quedtion but an answer was never accepted, and it misses an important point, it's possible to install Ubuntu alongside Windows in the Windows partition. Now I don't know if that includes a D drive or can only be done on the C drive but the Ubuntu install lives on the NTFS partition and (assuming sufficient free space) does not require any other partitioning.

Here's an interesting question where the user does not see this option and why/how to fix it.

Here is a great question with a very technical long answer,search for "alongside"

I am not certain this is an option any longer in Ubuntu 15 but for situations where Windows is on a logical partition it should be an option when installing Ubuntu 14.10.


How to Share folder with samba which is located on second hard drive

Im such a noob, didnt even look at Hdd premisions, now i have changed it from none to read and write, and voila it works... Thank you you are a life saver. 10 days i have spend to share it to find a cure and finaly i did :D thank you, thank you :D


I will only answer some specifics of your question. I started answering more, but it took so long to explain in a good way.

Generally interpreting the output:

Here is the best single source I found for interpreting the output: Interpreting the output of lsusb - Diego Assencio.

Driver= blabla /2p, 3p, 4p, etc.

Note that this text is only there for the nodes in the USB device tree, that have classes either root_hub or hub. It denotes the number of ports that this hub has.

I don't know why this information is printed next to the driver, IMO it belongs next to hub or root_hub, but I guess there is a good reason for that.

12M, 480M, etc.

This is the negotiated speed in Mbits/s. Fx USB 1.0 supports 12Mbit/s and USB 2.0 supports 480Mbit/s. However, when a device is connected, the operating system negotiates a speed with the device. Fx a computer mouse often supports USB 2.0, but still gets the negotiated speed 12Mbit/s.


which directories to backup system (no audiovisual data)?

To have all programms back and their configurations?

I would suggest: don't. Focus on backing up your personal data. And set your system up such you can re-install where you can simply mount a partition with your personal data. This is also useful when you want to install a new release: I mount my user partition and I am back up and running within 20 minutes. Also works when you want to switch to another desktop.

In case of problems you can simply re-install your system, install the software you use and set that software up.

I have the following setup:

SSD: /
HDD: /discworld/

My HDD holds the directories the system creates for my user (ie. /home/$USER/; I changed ~.config/user-dirs.dirs to have it point to that partition).

If you want you can create a post-installation script with all kinds of apt install and apt remove instructions and include gsettings options and run that after a re-install but (for me) became far too complicated and it needed maintenance every other Ubuntu release.


"Machine ID already enabled with different key, or non-unique" when setting up Livepatch

I solved following this one ( always do bakup of files you edit :D ):
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/402999/it-is-ok-to-change-etc-machine-id

basically I've done a bakup of /etc/machine-id and /var/lib/dbus/machine-id files

then I removed the content from /etc/machine-id file (using sudo if needed) and I reinitialized the machide ID. Here are the commands

cp /etc/machine-id /etc/machine-id.original
cp /var/lib/dbus/machine-id /var/lib/dbus/machine-id.original
nano /etc/machine-id (to remove the existing value)
systemd-machine-id-setup
> Initializing machine ID from D-Bus machine ID.
cat /etc/machine-id


Python3.5 deleted from /usr/bin/py* in 16.04

Do not use upgrade follow the instructions here I deleted package 'python3' on Ubuntu and I have lost dashboard, terminal and Unity. Help me to restore my data please

In future use update-alternatives instead of creating symlinks manually https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-change-from-default-to-alternative-python-version-on-debian-linux


Will there be a difference between Unity "Desktop" and Unity "Netbook" interface?

The details about this have been discussed at the Ubuntu Developer Summit. The blueprint with the information is available here.


All system logs (in this case kernel modules) are logged in /var/log/messages and /var/log/kern.log, both are good leadings for your specific situation.


Knowing first sector of partition and it's length (in my case parted or gparted tool was the only option known to me to find out) addpart tool can help to add the partition. So eventually i was able to backup my data.


Setup a Virtual Machine using Virtualbox or VMWare and install Backtrack. Once Backtrack is setup and installed, configure Nessus. Once Nessus is installed access it via a browser and scan the Ubuntu system. Nessus will provide a report on any security vulnerabilities it finds. Keep in mind it won't find everything. I would also recommend consulting the CIS benchmarks for further securing your Ubuntu instances.


I had a similar problem, printing through a CUPS server (also running Ubuntu). The solution to my problem was to remove the printer and re-install it on the client machine.