How can I delete all the partitions and start afresh?

If you don't mind to reinstall, I propose to reinstall instead of dealing with Gparted and all those partitions.

Boot into Ubuntu Installation media. This can be either CD or USB
stick.
Start the installation. Proceed to Step 4 and choose "Something
else":

You will see your disk as /dev/sda
Click "New Partition Table..." You will see that you have free space
on your disk now:

Create partition for swap if you want to use it(recommended)
Select free space and click + and set parameters
Create partition for /
Select free space and click + and set parameters
Repeat the same steps as many times as you need partitions

Then move on and complete your installation


To repair your personal space, run:

$ sudo chown -R $USER:$USER ~/

For any of the other applications that are broken you will have to repair them as you see a problem with an app.  Most of the sysem files are owned by root and most will still work.

Certain services such as Mysql and Apache are owned by a specific user... in the case of Mysql the user is mysql.  In the case of Apache the default user is www-data.

There are other server programs you might run such as Ftp.  The Ftp server default user is ftp.

If an application is broken, it'll most likely give an error that suggests a problem with permission.


What causes the constant messages "the file was changed on disk; reload, ignore?"

As we discussed in comments and found out that the files are on a NAS, testing the files does in fact read them and causes a change in their access time stat as you can see with:

stat <filename>

As this is part of the file itself it therefore changes the files checksum and makes your editor believe that the file has been changed.


Can't install Ubuntu 13.10 due to insufficient available disk space

The 5.9 GB are about drive space not allocated to any partition.

If you have nothing on the drive to keep, delete all partitions (/dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, and all the others). In gparted you might have to first unmount them.

The other option is wiping everything out using fdisk:

sudo fdisk /dev/sda
o
w
q
sudo reboot


Is syncing a MySQL database with Dropbox this easy, and is it a backup solution?

Sorry... It's not that easy.

What you have to understand to see why this doesn't work is that when MySQL Server is running, it assumes (with some limited exceptions that aren't important, here) that nothing else will be tinkering with its files, and that it maintains some internal concepts, in memory, about the state of the files, that it assumes can't become inconsistent with the files.  If the files were to become inconsistent, through some kind of synching, then you'd have what was essentially just a corrupt database on your hands.

When MySQL Server shuts down cleanly, it leaves the files in an appropriate state that itself -- or another copy of MySQL Server with a sufficiently-identical configuration -- can open the files and start running... but after a graceful server shutdown is the only time that this is true.

The only way to synchronize two instances of MySQL Server like that is to copy all of the files, in one direction only, with both servers in a stopped state.

The same caveat applies to MariaDB and Percona Server.


Permission denied to access public ssh key

The fix is chmod 700 /home/maydara/.ssh

Without the 'x' permission, a directory cannot be searched (i.e. files in directory cannot be found).

Edit: Also it might be necessary to change the owner of the .ssh directory and authorized_key file if they've been originally created with root.

chown -R maydara:maydara /home/maydara/.ssh


Ubuntu freezes when i copy or cut anything

CopyQ was causing this problem. I completely forgot that i installed it. After disabling copyq copying storing problem was solved.


I think you may try NTM, Network Traffic Monitor, that allows you to set bandwidth restrictions; I don't know whether you can specify restrictions per user, though. You can find the program here:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/netramon/

You can download the latest .deb from here:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/netramon/files/NTM/ntm-1.x/

And here is a "guide" on how it works:

http://www.addictivetips.com/ubuntu-linux-tips/monitor-network-bandwidth-usage-in-ubuntu-linux-with-ntm/


Dual-boot (Win7/13.04) won't boot to Windows (no grub menu). Boot-repair didn't fix it

I broke my Windows 7 by doing some bad formatting.

What you should do first is minimize the damage. If you are still able to boot from Ubuntu. Google search for recovery software for the Ubuntu OS. And try to copy the files form Windows into Ubuntu.
You might actually be able to access the FILES from your WINDOWS partition via Ubuntu. - Try and look into the Local Disk via Ubuntu.

My point is that you can (almost) always format the computer. But you wont always be able to get your personal files back. So before you start tinkering. Try and recover some files you do not want to loose.


Done via cloud:trusty-liberty (cloud:series-openstack_version) in the configuration settings for the charm in the Juju GUI.


Tomcat shartup.sh command says permisison denied

This error is due to wrong file permission and may be due to two reasons:

the file is not executable or
the user does not have privileges to run

In order to check try:

  ls -l /home/ravinder/Java_Folder/Important_Programs/Servers/Tomcat7/bin/startup.sh

If file is not executable fix it with:

  chmod +x $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh

Or you could execute:

  bash $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh

If your user doesn't have right privilege, for example file is executable only by root user, try this:

  sudo $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh

This latter case, it should not happen if tomcat has been installed properly and you should avoid running a web server with root privileges mainly for security reasons.


how to recover from a freeze without rebooting?

Alt + sysreq + k

will effectively log you out by killing all processes on the current (virtual) console.


Why can't I launch eclipse from a terminal or run it via gmrun?

Ubuntu has its own directories from which it will check for applications (like /usr/bin). So If you just downloaded eclipse to /opt then of course it won't be recognized. If you want it to be recognized, you have two options, either install from Ubuntu standard repos (with disadvantage missing latest version) or install your eclipse on those directories / symlink it (both unrecommended).

BTW why not cd /opt/eclipse and just run ./eclipse?


After uninstall php from ubuntu and reinstalling it. My web site stopped work.

The code you used to install php is for compiling software? and making a .deb file!

The last command should be sudo make install to install it on your system! instead of

  apt-get install checkinstall checkinstall

The right way to install an app, is so sudo apt-get install php5 without the need for compiling.

The bit of standard commands for compiling are.

./configure
make
sudo make install

checkinstall is for making .deb files!


Ubuntu: purpose of home directory files and folders

Example.desktop it is a link to a folder containing some examples of what you can do with Ubuntu. I believe is similar to Sample folders of other legacy OS.
The Public folder is a container for files and contents you like to share with other users of the system.
The Template folder is the default container for your your documents templates (text, audio, spreadsheets, etc.). It is the one that is parsed by default when you right click Nautilus file manager and hover on the New Document menu item.


How to make Logitech trackball wheel scroll a full page instead of 3 lines?

Found an answer to my own question:

Follow video at http://www.nicknorton.net

Install imwheel (sudo apt install imwheel), then download http://www.nicknorton.net/mousewheel.sh.

imwheel displays a little slider, you change the setting to around 15 to get a full page.


How do I call gnome-session-quit with countdown from Unity?

Here's a script to emulate the desired behavior. Must be ran as with sudo. Can be bound to a keyboard shortcut ( with preliminary addition of the shutdown command to sudoers file to allow passwordless run ). Simplistic, concise, and does the job.

#!/bin/bash
# Date: June 11,2015
# Author: Serg Kolo
# Description: a script to emulate
# behavior of GNOME session flashback
# shutdown dialog

# Tell ubuntu to shutdown in 1 min
shutdown -P +1 &
# Show the dialog
zenity --question --text="Shutdown now ? Automatic shutdown in 60 seconds" --ok-label="DOIT"
# If user clicks DOIT, then cancel the old
# shutdown call that has countdown,
# (because only one shutdown command can be run at a time), and
# tell ubuntu to shutdown immediately
# otherwise - cancel it
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
        shutdown -c
        shutdown -P now
else
        shutdown -c
fi

Update: June 14

As suggested by Takkat, here's a script that utilizes zenity's --timer option and dbus to achieve the same behavior without need for sudo access:

#!/bin/bash
# Date: June 14,2015
# Author: Serg Kolo
# Description: a script to emulate
# behavior of GNOME session flashback
# shutdown dialog
# version #2

zenity --question --text="Shutdown now ? Autoshutdown in 60 seconds" \
    --cancel-label="DOIT" --ok-label="NOPE" --timeout=60 ||
  dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.login1 \
    /org/freedesktop/login1 "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager.PowerOff" boolean:true

Basic idea here is that zenity's timeout option exits with code greater than 0, which typically means command failed. So by treating zenity's cancel option and timeout as the condition that will allow shutdown, we use the OR operator (|| ) to shutdown only if user clicks the cancel button (labeled as "DOIT" ) or dialog times out.

Another variation to improve user experience can be done with yad (needs to be installed first with these commands sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager;sudo apt-get update; sudo apg-get install yad ). This variation uses progress bar to let user know how much time is left

    #!/bin/bash
    yad --auto-close --sticky --on-top --skip-taskbar --center \
  --text 'Shutdown now ? Autoshutdown in 60 seconds.' \
  --button="gtk-ok:1" --button="gtk-close:0" --image=dialog-question \
--title 'Shutdown' --timeout=60 --timeout-indicator=top ||
dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.login1 \
/org/freedesktop/login1 "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager.PowerOff" boolean:true

Another possible version, takes into account that if you change zenity's ok button label, the button highlighted by default may or may not be the ok button.

zenity --question --timeout 10 --text="Automatic shutdown in 10 seconds"
if [[ $? -eq 1 ]] ; then
    # user clicked Cancel
    exit
else
    dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.login1 /org/freedesktop/login1 "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager.PowerOff" boolean:true
fi

The script shuts down the system upon any return that is not 0. If script times out , the return value of either 1 or 5 tells the script to execute the else part


Which version of UBUNTU is suitable for my system config?

You can try Ubuntu MATE 14.04

Or Xubuntu 14.04


The original location of the .desktop files is in /usr/share/applications. If you create your own .desktop file, or wish to modify a .desktop file in /usr/share/applications, then it should go into ~/.local/share/applications.


I suggest you try the following:

sudo -i
echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
exit

Reboot. If your issue is fixed, there is no need to proceed further. If not, we'll remove the ineffective fix and try another:

gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf

Remove only the last line that we added: options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1. Proofread, save and close gedit. Now do:

sudo -i
echo "options cfg80211 cfg80211_disable_40mhz_24ghz=Y" > /etc/modprobe.d/cfg80211.conf
exit

Reboot and see if your issue is resolved.


Is there an easy way to transfer an OS from one hard drive to another?

I highly recommend clonezilla. It will allow you to take an image of your entire drive, and then intelligently put it onto the new drive. It's really brilliant software.


dpkg --get-selections only output the  package selection states not package states. Output of dpkg -l  contains the the package actual states however
processing dpkg -l output is bit tough because of being more closer to the graphical approach.

So if you want to extract the package state , you can use dpkg-query tool.

It provide formatting option using -f, --showformat=format

From man dpkg-query

-f, --showformat=format
              This  option  is used to specify the format of the output --show
              will produce. The format is a string that  will  be  output  for
              each package listed.

So I have combined ${binary:Package} field with ${Status} to get the actual status of a package.

dpkg-query --show -f='${binary:Package} \t\t ${Status}\n'

For a more formatted output, you can use

dpkg-query --show -f='${binary:Package} ${Status}\n'  | awk '{ printf "%-60s %s\n", $1, $2" "$3" "$4}'

Example

Using dpkg -l

$dpkg -l vlc
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                           Version              Architecture         Description
+++-==============================-====================-====================-=================================================================
hU  vlc                            2.2.0~pre2-4build1   amd64                multimedia player and streamer

Using dpkg-query --show

$ dpkg-query --show -f='${binary:Package} ${Status}\n' vlc  | awk '{ printf "%-60s %s\n", $1, $2" "$3" "$4}'
vlc                                                          hold ok unpacked


How to get Thunderbird to scan all mail, add all addresses as contacts?

I ended up exporting as .vcf from protonmail. When I imported to Thunderbird it was completely broken and just resulted in a long list of 200 empty/blank contacts. To solve this i found an online .vcf to .csv converter and then imported the contacts as .csv. This worked splendidly.


How to start hugin (photostitcher program) in Ubuntu 18.04?

You have installed Hugin from deb-package. The deb-package is an archive with some contents inside it.

This package installs desktop-file shortcuts, so on GNOME Shell you can press Super/Win key and find Hugin Panorama Creator here:

On GNOME Classic, Xfce, KDE or MATE it will be placed in Graphics section:

As any other application it also may be launched from terminal or Alt+F2 - by executing hugin command.


Bios Settings and Hardware RAID configuration from Ubuntu MAAS

MAAS generally doesn't work with BIOS settings.  You'll have to configure bios and raid before adding the machine to MAAS.

That said, if HPE has a configuration utility that:

runs inside an OS,
that can reach back into the bios to make changes,
that has a CLI,
that can be downloaded using curl in real-time,

you could inject it into MAAS using a commissioning script.  But all MAAS is doing is downloading and running a program. There's no BIOS-awareness built into MAAS.


One way to find out is navigate to the following URL in a browser:

http://packages.ubuntu.com/

try your search there, of course you will need to select the appropriate version your using. This should give you a brief answer if the package is included for your version of ubuntu.

Another easy way is to search on your local system if emacs is available in the PPA

Open a command line terminal by issuing Ctrl-Alt-T or searching for terminal in the Dash and type

         #sudo apt-get update
         #apt-cache search emacs

This will search all of the packages in the ppa for the words emacs in the title.

According to my response theres a few packages available.

emacs - The GNU Emacs editor (metapackage)
emacs-goodies-el - Miscellaneous add-ons for Emacs
emacs23 - The GNU Emacs editor (with GTK+ user interface)
emacs23-bin-common - The GNU Emacs editor's shared, architecture dependent files
emacs23-common - The GNU Emacs editor's shared, architecture independent infrastructure
emacs23-el - GNU Emacs LISP (.el) files
emacs23-nox - The GNU Emacs editor (without X support)

So essentially you could try to

#sudo apt-get install

any of the above packages.


First install CCSM

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Then run ccsm. Under -> General -> General Options -> Focus & Raise Behaviour -> You will find: "Focus Prevention Level" set it to "Off"


vim.desktop - changes lost when terminal exits

The answer lay in pursuing my inclination that a wrapper script was needed, with that script providing the means to run an interactive subshell (-i option to bash):

/usr/local/bin/vim-gnome-wrap

#!/bin/bash -f
bash -ic 'vim "$@"' vim "$@"

... then edit /usr/share/applications/vim.desktop or copy it to a new *.desktop file, with these changes:

TryExec=vim-gnome-wrap
Terminal=false
Exec=gnome-terminal -e "vim-gnome-wrap %F"

Thanks to @muru for pointing out the other thread Unix & Linux: Terminal and Vim, where for the sake of the larger community I have provided a more detailed answer.


Window placement on two monitors in 12.04

I found it. Install compiz config settings manager (package compizconfig-settings-manager) and go to the plugin "Place Windows". For the option "Multi Output Mode", select "Use output device with pointer":


Package Upgrade Failure dpkg returned an error code (1)

The package is broken.

Your quick'n'dirty hack will be to

sudo mkdir -p /root/.local/share/nautilus/scripts
sudo touch /root/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/Open_as_Administrator

But as the packages modifies /root/.local/ I'd say it is in very low quality and would not recommend using it...


As far as I know, on Windows by default ping somesite.net will send 4 ICMP echo request packets to the somesite.net. As you have used the -t option i.e. ping -t somesite.net, this will run indefinitely on Windows i.e. it will keep on sending ICMP echo request packets until you quit it yourself.

On Ubuntu ping soemsite.net will run indefinitely i.e. it is same as ping -t soemsite.net for Windows. On the other hand if you want to send a certain number of packets you can use the -c option. E.g., to send 4 ICMP echo request packets you need to open the Terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T and run:

ping -c 4 somesite.net

Also any packet ping sends is highly configurable on Ubuntu. Check man ping to get more ideas.


apt-get finds nothing to upgrade after 1 month? (Willy 15.10)

15.10 reached its end of life date in July.

That means that all default repositories were frozen and many PPAs have abandoned support for 15.10.

It makes sense that there haven't been any upgrades for your release, since none have been built for it.

You need to upgrade to 16.04 or manually upgrade packages using DEB files.


What is the purpose of the backup user installed by default?

That's pretty consistent with what I see in the same directory. I don't know what process(es) are creating them per se, but most  of them are related to apt and dpkg lists of installed files and apps. I'd leave it alone and not worry - just the system doing its' thing.


installing ubuntu from disk and few other quesions

No decompressing must not be done. If done, most probably it won't be bootable.

For burning
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/burn-a-dvd-on-windows,

If you want to use usb follow http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows


If you're running the generic Ubuntu kernel, then kernel updates flow in as part of normal system updates. After installing the update, the "old" kernel will still be in use until you reboot your machine.

Versioning is handled automatically - you don't need to worry about it. If you "miss" installing, say, update 15, and you install update 16, then that's fine - 16 includes update 15's changes.

The same applies for the upsteam Linux kernel: 3.5.2 includes 3.5.1's changes to 3.5.0.

In other words, each update is a "full" update, not a "delta" update.

The general advice for when to install kernel updates - when you want to. Bear in mind they require a reboot to switch over anyway.

If the update incorporates important security updates, then obviously it's more important; but nothing to get too uptight about. If you feel so inclined, you can keep on top of Ubuntu security notices here: http://www.ubuntu.com/usn


How can I mv files from another user to my Home folder (knowing the password of the other user)?

A cannot directly move a folder from B's home folder without sudo

So we will create a folder with lowered security in B's home

Login as B and type:

b@remote_computer:~$ mkdir tobemoved

This will create a folder /home/b/tobemoved

Move whatever files and folder you want to move inside this
    folder

For example if you want to move a file from the Documents folder:

b@remote_computer:~$ mv ~/Documents/somefile ~/tobemoved/

This will also work if you want to move somefolder instead of somefile.

Lower the read write delete permission for everything within the folder
   tobemoved

b@remote_computer:~$ chmod -R 777 tobemoved

Note: now anyone with an account in this computer can read, copy, delete and modify the files in this folder!

Log out and log back in as A

This is so that you want to move B's files to A's home

Create a folder to keep the files from B

a@remote_computer:~$ mkdir a_folder_to_keep_files_from_b

Move the files

a@remote_computer:~$ mv /home/b/tobemoved /home/a/a_folder_to_keep_files_from_b/

Hope this helps


Not logging in with correct password and username

There is a dropdown menu where you can tick your desired distrubution when loging in. It is where the gear icon is located here.


Vostro 3560 sound is not working after upgrade to Ubuntu 13.04?

I've put this:

options snd-hda-intel model=dell-vostro-3560

In the end of "/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf"

And my sound is working again :)

$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: CONEXANT Analog [CONEXANT Analog]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0


Here's how I solved the problem:
Turned-off hibernate:
Admin cmd > powercfg -hibernate off
Disabe fast startup:

Control Panel > Power Options > (Uncheck) Turn on fast startup
Ensured no row under "On battery" and "Pluged in" is set to Hibernate

Installation type:

Partition: Primary

Location : Beginning of this space

Use as   : Ext 4 journaling file system

Mount point: /

Thank you @karel , @Slep , and @oldfred


Upgraded Ubuntu to 16.04, now Wordpress updates don't work

I had the same problem. This seems to be a bug in php-ssh2 (from the Ubuntu repo).

After removing php-ssh2, and installing a newer version with pecl (pecl install ssh2-1.0), the problem was solved.

I submitted a bug report:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/php-ssh2/+bug/1617294


How to make Sforzando drums SFZ library work with linuxsampler?

Problem

Basically the problem is that some of SFZ files that you load into linuxsampler using QSampler, that reside inside the folder obtained after extracting the SForzando ZIP file appear to be pointing to a higher level in the folder structure.

Solution 1. Easiest

You just have to move the Samples folder inside the Programs folder.

Solution 2. Just for fun

If for any reason you need to preserve the original folder structure. Edit all SFZ adding additional "../" in front of the paths so a path like:

sample=..\Samples\SMD Cymbals Stereo (Samples)\Crash (Samples)\Crash 16 (Samples)\RR1\01_Crash_16in_R_edge_RR1.wav

would be changed to

sample=..\..\Samples\SMD Cymbals Stereo (Samples)\Crash (Samples)\Crash 16 (Samples)\RR1\01_Crash_16in_R_edge_RR1.wav

Explanation

The default folder structure in the plugin files is as follows (well, actually please ignore the "Manual..." folder and file, these as additional materials from the same library I included in the extracted folder):

The "main" SFZ file is the SM_Drums_kit.sfz file, since this contains all instruments. This file makes use of other SFZ files, that are inside the mappings folder; this is visible in lines like these ones:

.
.
.
#include "mappings/smdrums_sfz_sidestick.sfz"
#include "mappings/smdrums_sfz_rimshot.sfz"
#include "mappings/smdrums_sfz_snare65reg.sfz"
#include "mappings/smdrums_sfz_snare65nr.sfz"
#include "mappings/smdrums_sfz_snare67nr.sfz"
#include "mappings/smdrums_sfz_snarehy1.sfz"
#include "mappings/smdrums_sfz_snarehy2.sfz"
.
.
.

The files in this folder are expected to point directly to the sampled sounds files in the Samples folder. But if you look into those files, they point just a level up from the mappings folder (here one line of the smdrums_sfz_crash16 file):

.
.
.
sample=..\Samples\SMD Cymbals Stereo (Samples)\Crash (Samples)\Crash 16 (Samples)\RR1\01_Crash_16in_R_edge_RR1.wav
.
.
.

so these files are pointing to a wrong location, so either you change the location of the Samples folder, or you change the pointers to that folder, which are the sample= lines in all those files.


What are the new features of ubuntu 13.04?

Open Terminal; by lsb_release you can check your Ubuntu version. the other way at the right-top corner of the screen open 'corg' and select About this Computer. You will see your ubutu release version.

You can also check the new features of Ubutnu 13.04 here.


Ubuntu 14.04 - Python 3.4 UnicodeDecodeError

I'll post the solution that I found, which has to do with bugs in each software.

This issue is solved by adding the UTF-8 encoding to specific calls to open files that were missing it, like this example, where

f = open(CHANGELOG,'r')

changes to

f = open(CHANGELOG,'r', encoding = "utf-8")


May problem has been sesolved. I have installed the conflicting package.

Solution

Download and extract the package manually

apt-get download libc-bin
dpkg -x libc-bin*.deb unpackdir/

Copy the file to your system

sudo cp unpackdir/sbin/ldconfig /sbin/

Make sure the package and package system is in a good state.

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libc-bin
sudo apt-get install -f

for original source click here!


What archives is the bq Ubuntu Phone on?

It's a derivative of Utopic taken back in August last year. The following email details this. https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-release/2014-June/002878.html

"We will then have an "ubuntu-phone" (name TBD) distribution in
Launchpad with a series named something like "rtm-14.09", and will
land changes for RTM there, allowing other parts of Ubuntu to move on
without risk of breaking phone images. "

So the archive used by the phone is a derivative of the archive used around the time of the Ubuntu desktop 14.10.

More details at https://lists.launchpad.net/ubuntu-phone/msg09377.html

"The point of this approach is to make sure that we're completely
confident in the infrastructure and have no unforeseen glitches, without
imposing an undue load on engineering teams while lots of people are
still busy with significant feature development."


Black screen problem after removing bumblebee

I found that I still had nvidia-304 installed. Not sure how it got there, but removing it fixed my problem with unity. Just make sure you have no nvidia packages installed and then reboot.

Having any nvidia drivers installed without having nvidia-prime or bumblebee will break unity.

sudo apt-get --purge remove nvidia-304 nvidia-common nvidia-settings-304

(Or a similar command for any different nvidia drivers you might have installed)

If you do want your nvidia card and dual screens, then install nvidia-prime.


How to increment a value appended to another value in a shell script

You need to store the incremental value somewhere, for example in a log file

#!/bin/bash
FILENAME="logfile.txt"
NUM=`cat $FILENAME`
(( NUM++ ))
echo "INCREMENTAL NUM  : $NUM"
echo $NUM>$FILENAME


Thunderbird recognizes some pdf files as videos

Apparently, this is a know issue with Thunderbird (https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=503309). The main problem comes down to the fact that the sender can indeed specify "special" treatment for attachments that they include and Thunderbird then blindly follows the instructions in the email to open the PDF attachment as a video. What is even worse is that receiving such email and opening the attachment also adds the mime type to your MimeTypes.rdf and confuses Thunderbird further.

I know this doesn't help you much, but at least you now know what the issue is exactly and can try to manually work around it. This is also one more reason not to blindly open email attachments.


Ubuntu Touch - emacs gets 'fatally' stopped in terminal if user switches away to other touch applications

With kind help from colleague the following looks like solution so far: start emacs not with default emacs but rather with exec emacs. So far this has withstood all the scenarios which caused 'stopped' problem before.


Is There a Way to Print Preferably to a Connected Printer?

Not a perfect solution: go to "Printers" and delete the printer not connected, then re-install when needed.


"apt-get build-dep linux" alternative (offline machine)

As muru mention it in the comments, not the exact keyword of what you want. If you are just to build a kernel module (like wifi driver). You need the kernel headers (depending on your current kernel type) and basic build tools, plus DKMS.
Some thing: dkms, build-essential, linux-headers-generic | linux-headers-generic-pae | linux-headers-lowlatency | linux-headers-lowlatency-pae
sudo install dkms build-essential linux-headers-generic

However, if your kernel is absolute (headers for that version are not in repository anymore). You need to update kernel and install its headers too.
I recommend: dkms, build-essential, linux-generic | linux-generic-pae | linux-lowlatency | linux-lowlatency-pae
sudo install dkms build-essential linux-generic

For offline use:
sudo download dkms build-essential linux-generic

You can also verify and copy build-dep for any other DKMS driver, most have same requirements. See search for -dkms.


Lubuntu - Disable screen saver....for real this time?

light-locker lies liberally. Even with it set to disabled, even with it explicitly telling me that locking was being handled by Xfce Power Manager, it still jumped in and locked the screen after resume from suspend.

Solution:
sudo apt-get -y remove light-locker

And get on with your life.


Errors while installing Android Studio packages using PPA

Pilot6 is correct, there's no packages for Ubuntu 17.04 (Zesty Zapus) in that PPA. You can, however, point your PPA to the packages for the Ubuntu 16.04 or 16.10 releases and get the packages that way. To do that, hit Super, type 'Software & Updates', press Enter. Click on the 'Other Software' tab, then click on the PPA, then 'Edit...'. Change 'Distribution:' to 'yakkety' or 'xenial' (both without quotes).

However, this is not really the way you want to be getting Android Studio, that PPA looks out-of-date. You have two options for installing Android Studio (sadly I'm not aware of a snap of Android Studio yet).

Use Ubuntu's tool - Ubuntu Make

sudo apt install ubuntu-make
umake android

This seems the easier way to install Android Studio.

Install manually

Download Android Studio
If running a 64-bit version of Ubuntu, run sudo add-apt-architecture i386 ; sudo apt-get install libc6:i386 libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386 lib32z1 libbz2-1.0:i386
Unpack the .zip file you downloaded to an appropriate location for your applications, such as within /usr/local/ for your user profile, or /opt/ for shared users.
To launch Android Studio, open a terminal, navigate to the android-studio/bin/ directory, and execute studio.sh.
Select whether you want to import previous Android Studio settings or not, then click OK.
The Android Studio Setup Wizard guides you though the rest of the setup, which includes downloading Android SDK components that are required for development.
To make Android Studio available in your list of applications, select Tools > Create Desktop Entry from the Android Studio menu bar.

Source for Ubuntu Make install instructions
Source for the manual install (click 'Linux' under 'Instructions for')


ecryptfs - About 200 Passwords to Parse Through

The solution to this question is essentially the same as the solution to this "challenge" I posted on my blog several years ago.  (Note, I'm the author of Ubuntu's Encrypted Home Directory feature, and the maintainer of eCryptfs.)

You can find the challenge here, and the solution here.


To Enable Playback:

Install libdvdread4:
sudo apt install libdvd-pkg

Note: You may have to enable multiverse to install this package.

Then install libdvdcss:

Ubuntu 20.04 onward
See this answer instead.

Ubuntu 15.10 to 19.10
 sudo dpkg-reconfigure libdvd-pkg

Then follow the instructions to let it download and compile.

Ubuntu 12.04 to 15.04
 sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

(More about libdvdcss here.)

Best Players:
According to the Ubuntu Wiki, Kaffeine, MPlayer, xine, Totem-xine, VLC, and Ogle will play DVDs with libdvdread and libdvdcss installed.
I use both Totem and VLC to play DVDs. It's useful to have both installed, because sometimes one will have a playback quirk that the other will not.
Regions:
I believe playback will work in any region.


Logitech multimedia keys well recognized but not actually working

I managed to get it working!

This was about a confusing bug of Ubuntu. The keys were marked as "Audio Mute" or "Audio Play" in the unity keyboard settings correctly, but underneath it was recording the same values for the gnome dconf entries related to this keybindings.

In summary, I've had to open the dconf-editor and follow the instructions described here: How can I restore default keyboard shortcuts? in order to reset the default values for the keybindings, which were not "AudioPlay" but "XF86AudioPlay" and so on.

This is an annoying bug and difficult to debug for common users, but finally you understand what's going on it's easy to fix.
Just reset the values to default with the dconf-editor tool and if you want to change any behaviour of any of these multimedia keys, get the X86 value from a tool like xev or find out yourself which value is, then look for the action you want to change and change its value for the X86 one you have got and it should be working now.


Unable to launch Chrome even from the terminal

It doesn't want to start because the lock file exists.

Be sure every process of google-chrome are killed :
sudo killall google-chrome
Delete lockFile or even the the .config/google-chrome folder.  It will be re-create when the app will start.
rm /home/subham/.config/google-chrome/SingletonLock
Start google-chrome


DELL repositories are hosted on Launchpad.

Meanwhile the DELL XPS 13 PPA is obsolete.

You can use the Sputnik Kernel PPA instead.

But do you need the outdated Sputnik PPA ?

Ubuntu kernels perfectly support DELL XPS.

Additionally available -> DELL Recovery PPA


"cd" into directory containg space in name

You can quote the whole directory name or escape the space in between the words.

In a nutshell, do any one of the following:

cd 'My Programs'
cd "My Programs"
cd My\ Programs


Chrubunto ontu Chromebook Installation Error

The link to  is broken and returns a 404 error. The link to the same file in this answer is obsolete and Chrubuntu itself is deprecated. Try this answer instead or give up and keep using Chrome OS on your Chromebook.


Your MATLAB code includes the command

system('type RayMet_012007.ray_paths RayMet_00.ray_paths>RayMet_012007_new.ray_paths');

On Linux platforms, type is a shell built-in to determine the type of an executable. You are probably thinking of the Windows type command, which prints the contents of a file - for which the Linux equivalent would be cat i.e.

system('cat RayMet_012007.ray_paths RayMet_00.ray_paths>RayMet_012007_new.ray_paths');


What does "Would you like to install Twitter" mean?

Its a new feature in 12.10 called Web Apps.

Here is the definition of web apps provided in Ubuntu site.

  Ubuntu Web Apps enable developers to create web applications that run
  in web browsers, but act as if they are native applications. They
  provide close integration to the Unity shell for functions such as
  launch, notifications and controls.
  source


You need to add sudo to the command to run it as an administrator for update-manager to work properly. So you would run sudo update-manager -d. Rule of thumb: If  a command modifies your system, it needs sudo.


Use the full path.  Cron does not inherit your path, so you need to use full-paths for a script to properly be executed in Cron.

So, you'd have a cron entry like follows:

45 5 * * * /home/myname/cronjobs/buphomebasis


How can I make Sublime Text 3 run as root from Unity?

When gksu/gksudo doesn't work or is unavailable, you can use sudo -H instead.
If you run a graphical program with sudo instead of gksu/gksudo, you should use sudo -H ... (or sudo -i ...) instead of just sudo ....
sudo -H subl

sudo -i subl
(Neither plain sudo ... nor those ways will typically work from the Unity dash, because they need a terminal on which to prompt you for your password. But you can run them from the Terminal.)
The main reason it's considered bad to run a graphical program with normal sudo is that this runs the application with its HOME environment variable set to non-root caller's home directory (/home/username) rather than root's home directory (/root). That often causes configuration files that should belong to the regular user, to belong to root instead (and inaccessible).
Running sudo with the -H flag prevents this by making sure root's home directory is used instead.
sudo -i does this and more: it runs a program in a simulated root login session. I'm not aware of any strong reasons to prefer one or the other of sudo -H and sudo -i, when the goal is just to run graphical programs as root without problems.


It looks like you're using the Nvidia 418.56 proprietary driver. Wikipedia states:

  Proprietary graphics drivers (e.g. Nvidia GeForce driver and Catalyst) replace all of Mesa, providing their own implementation of a graphics API.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesa_(computer_graphics)

In other words, Mesa would be disabled by this driver.


How to get the URL from a firefox tab from the terminal?

There are few files who contain information about your sessions:

~/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/sessionstore-backups/recovery.js which contains information about the current session, also contains information for the closed tabs and the previous session. Every 15 seconds Firefox creates a backup in this file. This file is not available when Firefox is closed.
~/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/sessionstore.js which contains information about the last session, when the Firefox browser is closed. This file is not available when Firefox is open.
~/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/sessionstore-backups/previous.js which contains information about the previous session.

The analysis of the content of recovery.js shows that, for each tab, only the entries of the current URL contain string attributes.

I. When Firefox is open:

1.A. If you want to get all URLs of the open tabs from the current session you can use this command:

cat $HOME/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/sessionstore-backups/recovery.js | \
sed "s/\\_closedTabs.*//" | \
sed "s/{/\n{/g" | \
egrep -o 'url.*attributes' | \
cut -d\" -f3

* Please note that, you must copy/paste all lines together into a terminal window and press Enter.

Where:

cat $HOME/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/sessionstore-backups/recovery.js will print the content of this file;
sed "s/\\_closedTabs.*//" will remove everything after the string _closedTabs;
sed "s/{/\n{/g" | \ will put a newline before each {;
egrep -o 'url.*attributes' will filter only those parts of the lines who begin with url and end with attributes. Without -o option, the entire lines who contain the string will be filtered;
cut -d\" -f3 will use " as delimiter and will filter only the 3th column.

In my case the output of the command is:

https://askubuntu.com/
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/

1.B. If you want to get the data for the current and for the previous session at once you could use this:

printf "\n# CurrentSession:\n"; \
cat $HOME/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/sessionstore-backups/recovery.js | \
sed "s/\\_closedTabs/\{\"url\":\"# ClosedTabs:\"attributes/g" | \
sed "s/\\lastSessionState/\{\"url\":\"# LastSession:\"attributes/" | \
sed "s/{/\n{/g" | \
egrep -o 'url":"*.*attributes*' | \
cut -d\" -f3 | \
sed "s/#/\n#/" \
; echo

Where:

printf "\n# CurrentSession:\n"; will print # CurrentSession: between two newlines;
sed "s/\\_closedTabs/\{\"url\":\"# ClosedTabs:\"attributes/g" will replace the string _closedTabs with "url":"# ClosedTabs:"attributes in the entire "file" (option g);
sed "s/\\lastSessionState/\{\"url\":\"# LastSession:\"attributes/" will replace lastSessionState with "url":"# LastSession:"attributes;
sed "s/#/\n#/" will put a newline before each #.
; echo will add a blank line at the bottom.

In my case the output of the command is:

# CurrentSession:
https://askubuntu.com/
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/

# ClosedTabs:
https://www.yahoo.com/

# LastSession:
https://askubuntu.com/
https://www.abv.bg/

# ClosedTabs:
https://www.google.com/gmail/about/
https://www.yahoo.com/

2.A. If you want to get and the history, you could use:

cat $HOME/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/sessionstore-backups/recovery.js | sed "s/\\_closedTabs.*//" | sed "s/{/\n{/g" | egrep 'url":"http*' | cut -d\" -f4

In my case the output of the command is:

https://askubuntu.com/
https://www.google.bg/search?client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=firefox&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&gfe_rd=cr&ei=pTKyWIitGqTs8wewj4KgDQ
https://www.mozilla.org/bg/firefox/new/
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/

2.B. You can put a separator between the data for each tab:

cat $HOME/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/sessionstore-backups/recovery.js | \
sed "s/\\_closedTabs.*//" | \
sed "s/{/\n{/g" | \
sed "s/entries/url\":\"# TAB:/g" | \
egrep 'url":"*' | \
cut -d\" -f4 | \
sed "s/#/\n#/"

In my case the output of the command is:

# TAB:
about:startpage
https://askubuntu.com/

# TAB:
https://www.google.bg/search?client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=firefox&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&gfe_rd=cr&ei=pTKyWIitGqTs8wewj4KgDQ
https://www.mozilla.org/bg/firefox/new/
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/

3. 1.B. and 2.B. together:

printf "\n# CurrentSession:\n"; \
cat $HOME/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/sessionstore-backups/recovery.js | \
sed "s/\\_closedTabs/\{\"url\":\"# ClosedTabs:/g" | \
sed "s/\\lastSessionState/\{\"url\":\"# LastSession:/" | \
sed "s/entries/url\":\"# TAB:/g" | \
sed "s/{/\n{/g" | \
egrep 'url":"*' | \
cut -d\" -f4 | \
sed "s/#/\n#/" \
; echo

In my case the output of the command is:

# CurrentSession:

# TAB:
https://host.bg/
https://admin.host.bg/

# TAB:
https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki

# TAB:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

# ClosedTabs:

# TAB:
about:startpage
https://www.yahoo.com/

# LastSession:

# TAB:
about:startpage
https://askubuntu.com/

# ClosedTabs:

# TAB:
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/
https://www.google.com/gmail/about/

II. When Firefox is closed:

When Firefox is closed, you can get the data for the last session. The approach is the same as explained above but instead of recovery.js you have to use sessionstore.js (or previous.js):

cat $HOME/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/sessionstore.js \
...

References:

Similar question in AskUbuntu;
Sed - An Introduction and Tutorial by Bruce Barnett;
man sed;
man egrep;
man cut.


Ubuntu Equivalent of portable executable file

In linux, as in windows, you can compile any program with all it's dependencies linked as static files. But the difference that in Linux this is not the usual way to do things.

The Linux-way is to install each program just once, if you need to use shhpass, you shouldn't bundle it with your software, but you should list it as a dependency in your installation package (i.e. deb file for Ubuntu). The package manage will fetch and install when it's installing your program.

There are a couple of reasons for this behavior, from efficiency (use of shared memory) to security (your can ship a security bug with your bundled program). As everything this approach has also its drawbacks, mainly the need for a centralized place to install software, but the important point to your answer is how things are, not how things could be.

The short answer is yes, you can do it, but it will be difficult. You'd be fighting against the culture and design of unix-like OS. You will likely need to compile your own versions of every program that you want to bundle, and most packagers and user are not going to like it.


Headphones Detected, but audio coming out of speakers

Go to settings->sound and choose device you want the audio to play on. If you don't change it back later it will automatically play on headphones if you unplug and plug them back


use tee to save log file in a subfolder (defined in a variable)

Looks overly complicated.

LOGPATH=$(dirname $1)/arrays.log

should do the same thing, even in the case where there is no directory in $1 (because $dirname foobar returns .).


The error messages say you need to use a newer version of Java.


how to access external hard disk files when ownership is on another OS?

short answer:

Unless the filesystem is encrypted, you should only have to use the password for sudo on the new OS. You should not have to use any old or previously used passwords unless the filesystem is encrypted.

Furthermore, you should not lose access. If anything, you may have to cuse sudo at the most. In rare cases, you will have to specify read write mode when you mount the device, although, that should not be an issue here.

Additionally, the drive is currently set to 777 which allows access to everyone anyhow.


How do I change the GDM Login Window top icon?

Install Ubuntu tweak which allows you to change it very easily.


Wireless to Wired Router's Internet Up/Downlink Port via ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Since there is no short answer I recommend reading the Official Ubuntu Server guide, specifically on Networking and yes Bridging. Also, be aware of what your interfaces are actually named as they differ from the guides, versions, and answers on askubuntu.com. I've seen eth0, p2p1, and enp1s0 use this command to help start you out ifconfig -a. The guide below is from the server guide but it has excellent information which I commonly refer to. Good luck.

https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/serverguide/network-configuration.html


Include notify-send "notification text" as one of the lines in your bash script and a notification should pop up for a few seconds in the upper left corner of your screen.

Here's an example, a script I use in a chron job to back up my user data to a server at home where I use notify-send:

 #! /bin/bash
 #
 # First, we send a notification to the user that we've started.
 notify-send "rsync backup started"
 #
 # cd to home.
 cd ~/
 #
 # rsync my local home to rsync-marc on vulcan.
 rsync --exclude-from rsync-excluded-files.txt -azvv -e ssh ~/ xxxx@xxxxxxxxx.org:/media/marc/1d0b8719-f064-40a8-9589-4e65583788a8/marc/marc-rsync
 #
 # Last, we send a notification to the user that we've started.
 notify-send "rsync backup completed"

For more information on the many different parameters you could use, like always, man notify-send.


Installing Ubuntu to (and running from) a USB drive is a very simple process. You can even have your documents stored on the USB drive permanently, using persistent storage (Stored in reserved extra space).

Update: Because the default partition type is FAT32, you can't use more than 4GB. To get around this it has been suggested to use gparted - please check this q&a.

I use such a setup all the time to run my own system on others' computers, without having to access their OS and having access to my files anywhere.

You will have to boot from the USB to run Ubuntu from it.

Run the Startup Disk Creator and use 450GB for persistent storage.


Not able to install VLC program from .tar.xz file

I don't know about that version of vlc you have from git, I could not build that many many configuration errors, however I could build this one, from the vlc site.

First we need to install these

sudo apt-get install git libtool build-essential pkg-config autoconf
sudo apt-get build-dep vlc

Now get and build vlc

wget videolan.mirrors.uk2.net/vlc/2.2.1/vlc-2.2.1.tar.xz
tar xf ~/vlc-2.2.1.tar.xz
cd ~/vlc-2.2.1
./bootstrap
./configure
make

You can run it from here, or install it with

sudo make install

Tested on 15.10


But the output is as the following
'string_agent1','string','string_agent2','string_agent3'

But need to get like the following
string_agent1
string
string_agent2
string_agent3

Since you are already familiar with tr, you can pipe the end result to tr and use it like so:
tr -s \', '\n'

This will replace every occurrence of ' and , with newline and -s will squeeze multiple occurrences of newline in a sequence to just one newline character.


Building a light weight home server/NAS. Question on RAID and filesystems

It doesn't matter one jot what filesystem you choose as far as sharing goes. The target client computer(s) don't get to see the filesystem, only the files.

So the choice of filesystem is purely down to the RAID and management side of things on sghe NAS itself.

To that end I can highly recommend ZFS. It is by far the most advanced RAID ayatem available (it's the RAID system used by the big SUN servers). Yes, it takes a bit of learning and understanding of the concepts, and can be a little resource hungry (lots of RAM is good), but it is an amazing system.


Can not install Ubuntu on Gigabyte UEFI Dual BIOS motherboard

Needed F6 (BIOS boot) to set ACPI=Off and nomodeset, add to grub if UEFI boot.

Gigabyte UEFI boot issues - The partition size of the created USB Installer device needs to be under that of 4GB.
Others found UEFI/BIOS update solved issue of 4GB FAT limit.

turns out the IOMMU needs to be enabled in the BIOS. This problems seems to be exclusive to Gigabyte boards.

Gigabyte Z97-HD3 Intel Z97 Motherboard

http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=gigabyte_z97_hd3&num=1


LINUX and C : What does it mean this condition, and how to install the required packages in order to return true

It calls the bash builtin type with an option -p to find out the path to binary if one exists. Then it discards unneeded output and spits message if the command failed (it fails if there's no binary in sight).

to install packages use the apt-get install mingw-w64 or whatever.../


Having troubles installing Ubuntu using Wubi

You have to install Wubi the way you install any other windows exe. Don't use any commands. When you restart Windows you will be asked which operating system to use - Windows 7 or Ubuntu.

I used this link - http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/windows-installer

Everything was so easy and worked.

Start over and follow all the instructions on the site. :)


Can I use Chrome's Pepper Flash with Firefox?

This answer may be outdated due to recent changes to Adobe and Flash.  This answer is left here as is for historical purposes.

  Firefox is dropping support for NPAPI soon, which may make this answer out dated and invalid.  It may only be possible to get Flash in Chrome, and only Chrome, at some point, such that there is no Firefox solution.

Since Adobe no longer supports Flash on Linux, Chrome is one of the remaining options that ships with Flash included.  This is a Chrome special case, as detailed in the Flash Roadmap from Adobe in the Linux subheading under Personal Computers.

You can use Pepper Flash (called "Fresh Player") on Firefox.  Webupd8 even commented on it here and how to get it working (the linked article was posted on May 29, 2014 and may be out of date).  The plugin may be usable as it seems to be suggested regularly in the Ubuntu IRC chats as a solution.

The below is extracted from the Webupd8 post:

NOTE: The wrapper used for this is in ALPHA stage and is likely to be EXTRAORIDNARILY unstable.

To summarize the steps they detail, though:

Install Fresh Player Plugin in Ubuntu (via PPA), by using the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install freshplayerplugin

The easiest method to use this means that you will unfortunately need to install Google Chrome for this to work.  This is becauseFresh Player Plugin is just a wrapper for libpepflashplayer.so, so it needs this file which is bundled with Google Chrome. The easiest way to get this file is to simply install Google Chrome Stable - download it from here, then install it.

2a. Alternatively:

  There are other ways of getting libpepflashplayer.so but I won't post
  installation instructions for all of them here.

  Instead, I'll just list them below:

  If you're using Google Chrome Unstable, create a symbolic link from /opt/google/chrome-unstable/PepperFlash to /opt/google/chrome/ or
  change add a freshwrapper.conf file and add the
  /opt/google/chrome-unstable/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so path
  there - see step 3
  You can install Pepper Flash using 2 other ways: via the installer available in the official Ubuntu 14.04 repositories and
  via the Pepper Flash PPA which is also available for older Ubuntu
  versions - once installed, then you'll need to create a symbolic link
  for Pepper Flash to
  /opt/google/chrome/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so or see step 3
  for how to change the path to it.

Remove the flash plugin installed by APT: Remove/Purge these packages from the Software Center flashplugin-installer adobe-flashplugin adobe-flash-properties-gtk adobe-flash-properties-kde or just run in a terminal:

sudo aptitude --purge-unused purge flashplugin-installer adobe-flashplugin adobe-flash-properties-gtk adobe-flash-properties-kde

The Pepper Flash package doesn't replace the original library file, this is why up to this step, you can see both versions of the Flash plugin in the Add-ons page, and there's no way to be sure that Firefox will use the latest version. And you just can't disable one without disabling the other (If you disable one and restart, both will be disabled).
Optional (only use it if you want to tweak various settings): configure Fresh Player Plugin

  Here you'll find an example Fresh *Player Plugin configuration -
  to use it, save this file, rename it to freshwrapper.conf and copy
  it under ~/.config/freshwrapper-data/

  Use this configuration file to change the path to
  libpepflashplayer.so or to tweak the sound buffer if you have
  shuttering sound. Don't use it to enable hardware acceleration yet
  as it doesn't work properly for now!

  The configuration options available in this file are pretty
  self-explanatory - you can configure the lower and higher bound for
  the audio buffer size, change the Xinerama screen used to acquire
  fullscreen window geometry (default: 0), change the path to
  libpepflashplayer.so along with command line arguments (like
  enabling hardware video decoding).


Had the same problem with my Dell and could solve it:

Universal Access -> Pointing and Clicking -> Mouse Keys -> Off


The package information displayed by Ubuntu Software-Center is 17 days back and counting

Thanks @ Eliah Kagan, running

$ sudo apt-get update

did turn up one error related to a missing public key from an update of QGIS [qgis.org] e.g.

W: GPG error: http://qgis.org precise Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY BBA6491F47765B75

The solution was to run

$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys BBA6491F47765B75

Then the cmd. line returned no error and the Update Manager displayed

The package information was just updated.

The question is solved. Thanks.


Edit the file /etc/default/rcS with your favorite text editor, ie:

sudo nano /etc/default/rcS

Look for the UTC=foo (yes/no) line and change it to UTC=yes.

From the rcS(5) man page:

  UTC
  This is used to govern how  the  hardware  real  time  clock  is interpreted when it is read (e.g., at boot time, for the purpose of setting the system clock) and when it is  written  (e.g.,  at shutdown).  If this option is set to no then the system clock is
                assumed to be set to local time.  If the option is  set  to  yes then the system clock is assumed to be set to something approximating Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).  (POSIX systems keep  a variant of UTC, without leap seconds.)


If you upgrade to Ubuntu 15.04, this behavior would be by default.

See /etc/systemd/logind.conf:

#HandleLidSwitch=suspend
#HandleLidSwitchDocked=ignore


Installing additional drivers without Internet connection

Have you tried changing the IRQ settings in your BIOS (hitting F2)? The IRQ conflict isn't going to go away on its own.

If you can't change it, you can try a couple of different things:

Move your mouse to a different USB port (ideally, one on the opposite side of your computer, so you get a different USB controller)
Try a different mouse (if you can get your hands on one, and your computer has a port, try a PS/2 mouse)
Go to Broadcom's site, on a different computer, and see if they have the Linux drivers for your card. Download them to a USB drive or CD and install it that way.


Why is there a minimize button in the Unity Dashboard?

This was changed to be like this by design. I don't have access to the document listed there which discusses the design, but I'd imagine it's preferable to disable one of the three buttons rather than remove it. This gives a more consistent look across the system.

There are a couple bug reports citing this here and here. It was also brought up in this mailing list.

The brightness bug has been reported here.


In your find command:

find /home/jgeoffrey/Documents -type f -name "*.mov"

you are finding and iterating over .mov files using variable f. So the value of variable $f already contains .mov file. For example, say one of the files is foo.mov.

Again, in avconf you have used the input file as $f.mov, so the filename becomes

foo.mov.mov

This is exactly what the error says:

  year1video.mov.mov: No such file or directory

So you need:

avconv -i "$f" -codec copy "$mp4"

as $mp4 already contains the file name with .mov stripped and .mp4 added.

Also quote your variable containing filenames, otherwise it will fail in case of filenames with whitespaces.

Also while looping over a newline separated list of files, use while, instead of for:

find .... | while IFS= read -r f; do .....


Ubuntu 17.04 has a Unity 8 option besides the default. Can I remove one of the options, and which one should I keep?

Unity 7 with xorg vs. Unity 8 with mir
According to this article when you install Ubuntu 17.04 you will get Unity 7 Desktop with xorg by default or you can log out and try Unity 8 Desktop with mir.
Accordingly if you wanted the newest desktop like requested you would want to delete Unity 7 with xorg but I would not recommend that. There are problems as outlined in the link with Unity 8 and mir whilst Unity 7 and xorg are more stable with a longer track record.
Additionally Unity 8 has been cancelled whilst Unity 7.5 development under Ubuntu 17.04 is still on-going. So one could argue that Unity 7.5 is newer than Unity 8 in some respects.
Unity 7.5
Unity 7.5 is still under active development for these Ubuntu versions:
Distribution    Distribution series     Source package  Version
Ubuntu          Bionic (18.04)          unity   7.5.0+18.04.20171116-0ubuntu1
Ubuntu          Artful (17.10)          unity   7.5.0+17.10.20171010-0ubuntu1
Ubuntu          Zesty (17.04)           unity   7.5.0+17.04.20170407.1-0ubuntu1
Ubuntu          Yakkety (16.10)         unity   7.5.0+16.10.20161112-0ubuntu1

In comparison I'm currently running Ubuntu 16.04 which is known as Unity 7.4.
Hopefully this clears up rather than clouds information already disseminated.


various problem in install ubuntu studio

Now I add that file if can help,
etc/modprobe/als-base-conf
autoloader aliases
install sound-slot-0 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-0
install sound-slot-1 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-1
install sound-slot-2 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-2
install sound-slot-3 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-3
install sound-slot-4 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-4
install sound-slot-5 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-5
install sound-slot-6 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-6
install sound-slot-7 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-7
Cause optional modules to be loaded above generic modules
install snd /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-ioctl32 ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq ; }

Workaround at bug #499695 (reverted in Ubuntu see LP #319505)
install snd-pcm /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-pcm $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-pcm-oss ; : ; }
install snd-mixer /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-mixer $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-mixer-oss ; : ; }
install snd-seq /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-seq $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-midi ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-oss ; : ; }

install snd-rawmidi /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-rawmidi $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-midi ; : ; }
Cause optional modules to be loaded above sound card driver modules
install snd-emu10k1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-emu10k1 $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-emu10k1-synth ; }
install snd-via82xx /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-via82xx $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq ; }
Load saa7134-alsa instead of saa7134 (which gets dragged in by it anyway)
install saa7134 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install saa7134 $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist saa7134-alsa ; : ; }
Prevent abnormal drivers from grabbing index 0
options bt87x index=-2
options cx88_alsa index=-2
options saa7134-alsa index=-2
options snd-atiixp-modem index=-2
options snd-intel8x0m index=-2
options snd-via82xx-modem index=-2
options snd-usb-audio index=-2
options snd-usb-caiaq index=-2
options snd-usb-ua101 index=-2
options snd-usb-us122l index=-2
options snd-usb-usx2y index=-2
Ubuntu #62691, enable MPU for snd-cmipci
options snd-cmipci mpu_port=0x330 fm_port=0x388
Keep snd-pcsp from being loaded as first soundcard
options snd-pcsp index=-2
Keep snd-usb-audio from beeing loaded as first soundcard
options snd-usb-audio index=-2


Webex "Share Application" feature doesn't work

WebEx requires Java not the Icedtea version that comes as default with Natty.

Try the following:

How do I install Java?

source


AMDGPU-Pro drivers fail to install on Ubuntu 16.04, how to fix it?

Try adding the i386 architecture:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

Then try the setup again.


how to get better sound quality for Ubuntu

You meant daemon.conf in the /etc/pulse folder, right? I don't know what you changed in there, but see my last paragraph.

The short answer to your question is to install PulseEffects, which I use, where you adjust the graphics equalizer settings. You can save many different settings to suit different speakers or headphones, etc and name-saving them. This gives me an even better sound than Windows. Read my method of installation there, which is the easiest.

But even without PulseEffects, I can still get decent sound quality, which suggests to me that possibly either your sound configuration or drivers are not the correct ones. I would read a suggested solution here by Calthax, and try that method first and see if it makes any difference.


A solution would be to run a local DNS server that can forward queries to other DNS servers based on subdomain/domain.

Ubuntu's network-manager already runs a local DNS server (dnsmasq-base) however the required options are not available so disable it then install and configure the full dnsmasq package as follows:

1) Comment out dns=dnsmasq from /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

2) Restart network-manager: sudo service network-manager restart

3) Install dnsmasq package: sudo apt-get install dnsmasq

4) Edit /etc/dnsmasq.conf and add:

server=/.mywork/VPN_DNS_IP
server=/#/INTERNET_DNS_IP

5) Restart dnsmaq: sudo service dnsmasq restart


Only show Unity launcher when left cmd/win key is pressed?

For Unity

You can try CCSM  to autohide the launcher.

To do that, install CCSM by clicking the link. After installing it, open CCSM and go to 'Ubuntu Unity Plugin' under Desktop.

Choose 'Autohide' option in the dropdown list next to 'Hide Launcher'. Now, the launcher will show if you move your cursor to the left side or you press the Meta key.

So, in order to prevent the launcher from appearing when you move your cursor to the left side, go to 'Reveal mode' in the same option page and unselect all the selected corners. If your dialog box looks like the picture below, your launcher won't appear even if you move your mouse to the left side.

What are some of the issues with ccsm and why should I not use it?

For Unity-2d

You can try using dconf-tools .

Enter these commands in a terminal:

dconf write /com/canonical/unity-2d/launcher/hide-mode 1
dconf write /com/canonical/unity-2d/launcher/use-strut false

Alternatively, you can use the GUI of dconf-tools.

Go to com -> canonical -> unity-2d -> launcher and change hide-mode to 1 and untick the option in use-strut.

Note: For Unity-2d, editing the reveal mode for launcher is currently not available and hence, you can't prevent it from showing when you move your cursor to the left side.


Touchpad not working after suspending Laptop [14.10]

I've just tried the script mentioned here https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+s...079/comments/7 (copied below) with a positive result.

This is what I did to fix this for me:

# sudo touch /etc/pm/sleep.d/10_touchpad
# sudo chmod 755 /etc/pm/sleep.d/10_touchpad

Then edit the file 10_touchpad and paste the following into it:

#!/bin/sh
case "${1}" in
     resume|thaw)
             rmmod hid_multitouch
             modprobe hid_multitouch
             ;;
esac


Is there a good replacement for !! (bang bang) in fish?

From git-hub - https://gist.github.com/crossroads1112/77badb2c3455e23b873b

# Add this to your ~/.config/fish/config.fish
# Syntax:
# To just rerun your last command, simply type '!!'
# '!! sudo' will prepend sudo to your most recent command
# Running !! with anything other than sudo will append the argument to your most recent command
# To add another command to prepend list remove the # on line 10 and put the command in the quotes. Repeat as needed
function !!;
  set var (history | head -n 1)
  if test $argv
    if test $argv = "sudo"        #; or "any other command you want to prepend"
        eval $argv $var
    else
        eval $var $argv
    end
    else
        eval $var
  end
end


How to prevent copying additional nonvisible text

Try Firefox extension named Blank Your Monitor + Easy Reading (BYM)
To test BYM,
Install the extension.
Then, because jsfiddle frame gets in the way we have to remove it if you want to test this with your jsfiddle demo:

https://jsfiddle.net/v2ypLt57/embedded/result/
right mouse button
This frame
Show only this frame

There should no longer be a jsfiddle frame Result ... at the top now.
Once you are here then you can test:
All text
Press the keyboard shortcut: ctrl-alt-z
It asks you:

Easy Read
No text selected
Do you want to select all text?

OK
Result: New tab is opened, which does uncover the any code ...
some text
You can also have BYM act on a specific segment of code.
For example you select from:
        -- many, many lines of code

To:
        -- many, lines of code

Press the keyboard shortcut: ctrl-alt-z
Result:
-- many, many lines of code
any code for example start deleting user data
-- many, lines of code

As you see it revealed the normally hidden code any code for ...
Bugs
Not sure why but the result loses indentation, probably by design since this is meant for reading long passages of text such as a book, rather than indented programming languages. Maybe you could email the extension author about it.


What exactly is "Install RELEASE"? How to get rid of it?

To remove the icon open a terminal Ctrl Alt T and type the following
sudo apt-get remove ubiquity


Using sudo software-properties-gtk returns dbus.exception

I think you ended up having this issue after installing HP Linux Drivers. I've experienced the same and the following command worked for me. Try it.
sudo apt update && sudo apt install --reinstall python3-six python3-certifi


Can I delete windows after Ubuntu using wubi?

Windows actually looks at your Ubuntu OS as a "software" installed on it, so deleting Windows will effectively delete your Ubuntu also.


How do I get WakeOnLAN working when my network controller uses the sky2 module?

The below information is from the OP, as he can't answer his own question for 7 more hours.

The solution for this problem was quite simple.  Apparently back when the kernel I used to use was made, power management options were never read from the BIOS.  All that changed, but some BIOSes report their data incorrectly resulting in breakage of some power management features for some users.  Workarounds were posted to the Linux Kernel Mailing List as patches but it was decided to add a module option instead.

So. If you're having a hard time getting wakeonlan to work with your system despite what ethtool & your BIOS settings say, try putting this into a .conf file (e.g. sky2.conf) in /etc/modprobe.d/

options sky2 legacy_pme=1

FYI, if unloading the sky2 module to try it with the legacy_pme option yourself, be sure to set wakeonlan back on with

sudo ethtool -s eth0 wol g

before powering the system down


Can I control brightness on second monitor?

You can do this from the command line (and thus do it automatically each evening via cron) using xrandr as described at How to change LCD brightness from command line (or via script)?

E.g.

xrandr --output HDMI1 --brightness 0.5

This doesn't change the backlight or affect power usage, it just adjusts the gamma value in software.  I've heard that Brightness Controller uses xrandr under its GUI skin.

Use xrandr --listactivemonitors to get the correct monitor if not you'll probably get xrandr: Need crtc to set gamma on..

ddccontrol was in Lucid 10.04 and seems to have worked well, but was orphaned by Debian due to lack of interest and hasn't been picked up by anyone since.

Update ddccontrol is back in xenial.  See

#483479 - O: ddccontrol -- a program to control monitor parameters - Debian Bug report logs
http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=ddccontrol
Control external monitor brightness via software
How to change external monitor brightness via DDC/IC?


Why won't epson et-3750 print multiple copies from ubuntu 20.04 lts but will in ubuntu 18. Ubuntu for amd 64bit, deb drivers

I solved the problem (I had a new install of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS) by downloading the drivers from the Brother site.  In looking at the original automatic install of the printer, it shows up in the printer list, but as 'driverless'.   After installing, the printer shows up as a 'CUPS' printer, and it can print multiple copies.


How to uppercase first letter of the first word in each sentence using shell script?

sed command is very powerful to edit files from shell scripts. With its help you can edit however you want a text file. These being said, the following script can do what you wish:

#!/bin/bash

#check if a file is given as argument
if [ $# -ne 1 ];then
  echo "Usage: `basename $0` FILE NAME"
  exit 1
fi

sed -i 's/^\s*./\U&\E/g' $@         #capitalize first letter from a paragraf/new line
sed -i 's/[\.!?]\s*./\U&\E/g' $@    #capitalize all letters that follow a dot, ? or !

For your special case, things became slightly:

#!/bin/bash

#check if a file is given as argument
if [ $# -ne 1 ];then
  echo "Usage: `basename $0` FILE NAME"
  exit 1
fi

sed -i '1s/^\s*./\U&\E/g' $@  #capitalize first letter from the file
sed -i 's/\.\s*./\U&\E/g' $@  #capitalize all letters that follow a dot

#check if the a line ends in dot, ? or ! character and
#if yes capitalize first letter from the next line
next_line=0
cat $@ | while read line ;do
  next_line=$[$next_line+1]
  lastchr=${line#${line%?}}
  if [ "$lastchr" = "." ] || [ "$lastchr" = "!" ] || [ "$lastchr" = "?" ]; then
    sed -i "$[$next_line+1]s/^\s*./\U&\E/g" $@
  fi
done

Also, you can consult this tutorial: Unix - Regular Expressions with SED to see how to work in these situations.


Make sure you have enabled Universe repos. And check the package with:

apt-cache policy kdeartwork

Or other solutions:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install <package name>

Name: kdeartwork

Description:

themes, styles and other artwork from the official KDE release.

Latest version: 4:15.04.0-0ubuntu1~ubuntu15.04~ppa1

Release: vivid (15.04)

Level:  base

Repository: main

Other versions of "kdeartwork" in Vivid:

Repository area base Universe version 4:14.12.3-0ubuntu1

PPA: Mint Import 4:4.14.2-0ubuntu1~ubuntu14.04~ppa1


boost 1.48 and default (1.46) on Precise Pangolin12.04

The default is 1.46, but there is also a 1.48.

1.48 is the latest version. 1.46 should upgrade to 1.48, with headers/libraries in the same location. Do you simultaneously need both?


how do I get netplan working with a usb wireless dongle?

The /etc/netplan/wireless.yaml file should contain:
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  wifis:
    wlx00e04c341cea:
      addresses: [192.168.86.201/24]
      gateway4: 192.168.86.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [192.168.86.1,8.8.8.8]
      access-points:
        "xxxxx":
           password: "xxxxx"

then do a:
sudo apt update                # update the software databases
sudo apt install wpasupplicant # install wpa supplicant
sudo netplan --debug generate  # create config files
sudo netplan apply             # apply config
reboot                         # reboot computer


Batch convert / cleanup / sanitize Linux/Unix filenames to Windows

I'm paraphrasing a bit from some other answers I found here. It appears that this can be a fairly difficult problem. However there are a couple of utilities that might help. The Linux utility detox appears to be mostly Unix focused but you may be able to adjust its settings using the RC file.

The main one discussed at linked StackExchange answer appears to have a German web-page so I can't vouch for it's usability or the safety of downloading from there (since I can't read German). However, I have no reason to distrust it.

Another answer suggested using pyRenamer which also has a GUI and may be more straightforward for starting out. You may also want to try to run the copy in a way that you can generate a list of files that are failing. I'd suggest a short bash script where you copy each file separately and check the exit code to see if the copy worked. This will give you the list of files you need to rename and save you a bit of time.

My final comment would be that it is highly likely you are running into the character limit. Windows can has a character limit for the length of each file but also for the overall length of the path. It should be fairly simple to rename your files to shorter filenames using the rename utility and find such as in the second answer linked above. Unfortunately, if you have a lot of files this may take a bit of effort.


How do I save error message from console?

If you can restart X, then it is X that's crashing, not the computer. Look at your X logs in /var/log/Xorg*.


It looks like i have found a workaround for the problem of the touchpad not working properly after wakeup.

In my /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf the module i2c_i801 was blacklisted.
After removing this module form the blacklist my touchpad now works fine after standby mode.


Unknown host google.com despite interface DNS entry

I did resolve the issue by sym-linking the /etc/resolv.conf file with a file in my home folder:

ln -s /home/me/config/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

And then adding the nameservers there:

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4


What's the possible problem of unable to handle kernel paging request

ASrock Z170 Gaming K6

You have BIOS version P7.40, dated 3/12/2018.

There's a newer BIOS, version 7.50 available, dated 10/26/2018, and can be downloaded here.

Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.


In fact there is no root user in Ubuntu. Root account is disabled with blank password.

If you want make another user with administrative rights just go to System Settings -> User Accounts, make new user there and select account type "Administrator" instead "Custom" or "Desktop user". Do not forget set password for new user to make it enabled.


Unable to install kodi 17 Krypton on ubuntu 16.10

I've managed to solve the problem.
I think it was a package problem.
The following procedure worked great, hope this can helpful:

removed all related kodi repository:

sudo ppa-purge team-xmbc/ppa
sudo ppa-purge team-xbmc/xbmc-nightly
sudo apt update

purged all kodi related packages:

sudo apt purge kodi-data kodi kodi-bin

cleaned apt cache and checked everything was ok

sudo apt-cache policy kodi

Added kodi repository once again

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:team-xbmc/ppa

performed a clean install

sudo apt update
sudo apt install kodi kodi-bin

Now version 17.3 Krypton is installed.
Thanks for all your contributions.


How to bring the top panel to the bottom from command line?

You should be able to use gconftool-2 to do this.

Using the GUI tool gconf-editor:

The top-panel is found in the key orientation in the path /apps/panel/toplevels/top_panel_screen0

You will see in the GUI tool the values this key takes - thus to force the top-panel to move to the bottom you would use:

gconftool-2 -t string -s /apps/panel/toplevels/top_panel_screen0/orientation "bottom"

the parameters are

-t string which means the value to set is a string value
-s which means set the key where this is the full path including the key-name
"bottom" - this is the string value for the key


How to fix the audio output now? After restart it works once or twice and then stop working sound

I have had this problem for quite sometime but it happens more in between for me. The solution has always been to restart Alsa from the CLI when it does happen.

alsactl init

This should restart the alsa system and re-initialize your audio hardware.


to give a new-user a root privilege open terminal by pressing ctrl+alt+T

then copy past this to it: visudo

search for this line:

# User privilege specification
 root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

then add this line to it:

newuser ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

replace the newuser with your new user-name.

it should be like this after adding that:

# User privilege specification
 root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
 newuser ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

then exit the file by pressing ctrl+X

Press Y when asked then enter


Rhythmbox displaying songs from multiple locations

Two key areas you should check to resolve this.
check 1

In the preferences window you may have a location/multiple locations where rhythmbox is monitoring both the folder(s) set and also sub-folders

You can change these locations either via the Browser button - or using dconf-editor
dconf-tools

check 2
If you have in the past inadventently imported from another folder location, rhythmbox will remember this.
Thus, you'll need to reset your rhythmbox database - remove the rhythmdb.xml file found in ~/.local/share/rhythmbox
Then reimport all of your music again.

Linked question:

How can I reset all Rhythmbox preferences and library information?


Why do Windows & Ubuntu have similar shell commands?

The Windows cmd.exe does not support ls, mount, etc., unless you installed these yourself and added them to the %PATH% (via Cygwin, MinGW, Subsystem for Unix-based Applications (SUA) or something else). Powershell does. And that's because Powershell has these as aliases to standard Powershell commands, so that Unix users can be more comfortable. See the list of Compatibility Aliases  in Powershell. Windows does have rmdir, mkdir, etc., but these, of course, don't support the same option syntax that you'd find on Ubuntu.

In Ubuntu, these have nothing to do with Bash. They are all external commands. There are standards for such utilities. POSIX is the most notable (see the list of POSIX-mandated utilities), and Linux Standard Base (LSB) is another that's important for Linux systems (which is mostly based on POSIX, but has some additions). The ones on Ubuntu are mostly provided by GNU, and GNU utilities often have more features than the base required by POSIX.

POSIX also defines the shell language that you mentioned (which is substantially different from the one in cmd.exe). It is derived from the Bourne shell's syntax. Bash (now you know what the Bourne again refers to), also from GNU, also adds features on top, but can behave in a POSIX-compliant manner when required. The POSIX language is what you'd expect to get with sh. bash, ksh, ash, dash, zsh all use that language, with enhancements. csh is in a (nightmare) world of its own, and tcsh enhances csh.

To understand a bit more, look into the history of Unix and Unix-like systems. Unix pre-dates Windows by over a decade, and these utilities first appeared in Unix.

Windows was, at one time, POSIX-compliant, since the US government required it for OSes used by government agencies (that's when they added the Services for Unix (SFU), from which came the SUA mentioned in the first paragraph). But that requirement was scrapped, and subsequently, SUA was dropped.

Related:

Evolution of Operating systems from Unix
Were all Unix commands re-written in Linux?
Is Linux a Unix?
What does it mean to be “sh compatible”?

(Note the common part of these posts - they are all on Unix & Linux, and tagged history - you might find browsing through that tag very informative.)


Ubuntu supports HDMI output, but when buying the desktop just watch out that the Display output has at least one DVI or one HDMI output.

I say it doesn't really matter if you use 64 or 32 but if you want 4GB or more RAM you need to use 64bit


If you are using HDMI make sure you have the HDMI audio selected in your sound settings. I had the same issue with my Nvidia Geforce GTX 550 TI at first. Then I selected HDMI/Display port 2 and it works.


dual boot from windows 7 can't show ubuntu in boot menu

When I press Enter it directly goes to my windows7 os without prompting me the option to select diff OS(ubuntu). I have restarted my system even though i didn't get any option to select my ubuntu OS.

This means the windows bootloader is currently not displaying the boot menu for you. Make sure that you have selected:

Boot default OS after 30 seconds

If this does not help, open a command prompt as administrator and type the command bcdedit. Edit your question and add the output of bcdedit.


Problem with latest Nvidia drivers 375.39 and 378.13

I have also reported the same issue to Ubuntu nvidia-graphics-drivers-375 package in launchpad. The workaround I found was to click an effect button in CompizConfig Setting Manager --> Effects.

I also described another issue for this driver and a temporary work around here.

For those affected, please help to add your voice to the launchpad bug report.

Update: I have shared a better temporary solution in that bug report that removes the bad window borders every time the computer wakes from suspend mode. See comment 13. Pending NVidia to provide a more permanent fix.

Update2: Pls also see comment 44. This workaround is suitable if you are using Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS with kernel 4.8.0-xx instead of kernel 4.4.0.xx.

Update3 (8th Apr 2017): The new 381.09 beta driver with the bug fix is now available. Use 381.09 driver instead of 375.39 or 378.13. See comments #54 & #55.

Update4 (1st June 2017): The new 375.66 driver was released on 4th May 2017 with fixes to resolve many of the bugs related to 375.39. I have used it since it was made available by "Graphics Driver" team ppa and I have not encountered any issues, works great with 16.04.2. Use  driver 375.66 as it is the latest long-lived branch release, else use driver 381.22(which takes over 381.09).


.\Obj\stm32_gpio_demo.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol mf_wordwrap (referred from render_bmp.o)

I am assuming the mf_scale_font and mf_wordwrap are part of uGFX library and these files are missing on your setup.

Are you sure you have the dependencies installed?

sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev:i386 build-essential gcc-multilib

As per the official documentation Linux uGFX Wiki

You will also need to set: CFLAGS = sdl2-config --libs --cflags for the SDL to link properly.


the NTP socket is in use, exiting

Indicates that you have an NTP daemon running, usually the one via the ntp package. You can't have two applications adjusting the clock at the same time.

First stop the current NTP daemon running:

sudo service ntp stop

Run your ntpdate command.
Start the NTP daemon again:

sudo service ntp start

Background

The NTP daemon will not take large steps forwards or backwards, but is useful for very smooth and small transitions. Before it will work correctly, sync the time using ntpdate first, for that reason. You can query the status of the daemon like this:

ntpq -p
     remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter
==============================================================================
*chime1.surfnet. 194.171.167.130  2 u   59   64    7    3.159   -0.207   0.136
+chime2.surfnet. .GPS.            1 u   59   64    7    6.872   -0.592   0.091
[...]
 ns1.tudelft.nl  .INIT.          16 u    -   64    0    0.000    0.000   0.000
+ev001.tilaa.nl  193.67.79.202    2 u   55   64    7    4.038   -0.613   0.110


How to move application specific folder out of home folder?

This is not a good idea, and those applications may stop working. And some applications work with exact path to your home folder. Usually application specific folders are hidden, so there must be no problem with human readability.


Ubuntu is not finding hard disks and partition table is empty

Check your BIOS settings and see if the disks are set to RAID mode. If they are, then that's why no disk is seen, and you need to change to AHCI... but follow these instructions, or Windows won't boot any more...

See http://triplescomputers.com/blog/uncategorized/solution-switch-windows-10-from-raidide-to-ahci-operation/

Right-click the Windows Start Menu. Choose Command Prompt (Admin).
If you don’t see Command Prompt listed, it’s because you have already been updated to a later version of Windows.  If so, use this method instead to get to the Command Prompt:
Click the Start Button and type cmd
Right-click the result and select Run as administrator
Type this command and press ENTER: bcdedit /set {current} safeboot minimal
If this command does not work for you, try bcdedit /set safeboot minimal
Restart the computer and enter BIOS Setup (the key to press varies between systems).
Change the SATA Operation mode to AHCI from either IDE or RAID (again, the language varies).
Save changes and exit Setup and Windows will automatically boot to Safe Mode.
Right-click the Windows Start Menu once more. Choose Command Prompt (Admin).
Type this command and press ENTER: bcdedit /deletevalue {current} safeboot
If you had to try the alternate command above, you will likely need to do so here also: bcdedit /deletevalue safeboot
Reboot once more and Windows will automatically start with AHCI drivers enabled.


A normal .profile looks like this:

# ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files for examples.
# the files are located in the bash-doc package.

# the default umask is set in /etc/profile; for setting the umask
# for ssh logins, install and configure the libpam-umask package.
#umask 022

# if running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    # include .bashrc if it exists
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
    . "$HOME/.bashrc"
    fi
fi

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi


Custom terminator layout closes window when Ctrl+C is pressed

You can set your command like this.

bash -c "trap $SHELL EXIT; <command>"

Anyway, you can also use Terminator Layout Builder to manage layout easily.


Issues with Remington Hindi Keyboard Layout (m17n), Small diacritical sign in hindi using remington keyboard layout is shifting to previous character

This is an issue in Ubuntu. To write "पुलिस", first of all write "पु", then "ल" and then use "ि". For "कार्य", first write "का", then "र" and then "य". This is the difference between dev Lys and Remington.


Finding .desktop files based on their titles?

Command line

grep ^Name=  /usr/share/applications/* | sed 's/:Name=/   /'

grep searches in all file in /usr/share/applications/ for a line starting with Name=.

For each line it finds it prints filename:line, for example

/usr/share/applications/yelp.desktop:Name=Help

To make it look a bit better we use sed 's/:Name=/   /' to replace :Name= with   (three spaces)

Quick hack for the list view in Nautilus:

Install the package python-nautilus, create the folder ~/.local/share/nautilus-python/extensions and save the following code as ~/.local/share/nautilus-python/extensions/filename-column.py:

import os
import urllib

from gi.repository import Nautilus, GObject

class FilenameColumn(GObject.GObject, Nautilus.ColumnProvider, Nautilus.InfoProvider):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def get_columns(self):
        return Nautilus.Column(name="NautilusPython::fd_filename_column",
                               attribute="fd_filename",
                               label="file name",
                               description="file name"),

    def update_file_info(self, file):
        filename = file.get_name()
        file.add_string_attribute('fd_filename', filename)

Run nautilus -q; nautilus& at the command line to restart Nautilus. Then in the nautilus menu go to Edit -> Preferences -> List Columns and activate the file name column (you may want to move it up, too). Now you have an additional column in list view that always shows the file name.

Isn't exactly pretty but does it's job.


Ubuntu 17.04 live USB, stuck in tty tests loop

I've solved the initial problem:  If you boot using USB, edit the GRUB entry for booting to live.  Under the linux command, add nomodeswitch as a parameter.  There seems to be an issue with the video drivers on this computer.

However once it's installed, I still need the nomodeswitch parameter or else Ubuntu won't boot.  Currently trying to figure this out.


I changed from Opera Stable to Opera Beta then I could play videos (Twitter, BBC, etc). Also you could try just updating Opera as latest v51 came out a few days ago.


All the web servers have something called a document root. A location on the filesystem which they treat as the root of the website '/' and all the paths are relative to that unless explicitly modified by configuration changes or by the application code.

If you are using a web framework like Django, it doesn't serve the static files like CSS and JavaScript files when you deploy it in production but works just fine in the development server. So you will have to copy the static files to a location from where your web server can serve it and reference those files using that path.

If you are using Apache 2, the default document root is at /var/www


open your terminal with ctrl+alt+t and then type as

wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.10.2-Linux-i386.sh
chmod +x cmake-2.8.10.2-Linux-i386.sh
./cmake-2.8.10.2-Linux-i386.sh

Hope that helps.


How to check if a file is already opened over ssh?

You can try

lsof | grep <part_of_filename>

in the console. lsof will give you a list of all currently open files in the system. With grep you can filter out lines wich contain the search term.

If lsof is not available on your system, you can install it with

sudo apt-get install lsof


I've disabled KDE Wallet (because it always asked my password after sync my google calendar with the KDE calendar app) changing the password to a blank password. KDE Wallet will ask you if you're sure cause it's no secure to save an empty password. It worked for me. Hope it helps.


Dual boot laptop boots straight to Ubuntu

The report generated by boot repair http://paste.ubuntu.com/12632198/ tells you the following information:

=================== /etc/default/grub :

# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

See the line saying GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true ? This tells the boot loader to not show OS selection menu. Open the terminal, type sudo nano /etc/default/grub to open that file with nano text editor, and change line GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true to #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true. Save file with Ctrl +O and exit with kbd>Ctrl +X. Finally run sudo update-grub and restart the laptop. You now should be able to see OS selection window upon boot


Use one of these commands:

sudo lshw -class disk -class storage

or

sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda


How does Ubuntu One perform when renaming folders?

Renaming just renames the folder. No re-upload. Otherwise, it'd be really crappy and it isn't. :)


`sudo reboot` vs `reboot` - what is the difference?

On Ubuntu 14.10 and older, sudo is required.

The introduction of Systemd in 15.04 changed the way Ubuntu handles shutdown and reboot:

When a single user is logged in, sudo isn't necessary. When more than one user is logged in then sudo is required.
Applications can inhibit shutdown and reboot. You override these inhibitions with sudo.
A single user logged in via ssh still requires sudo.


Where is Ubuntu installed when I create a dual-boot setup?

I suggest you start a new thread for each of your questions.
Let me give you a basic understanding of partitions in Ubuntu or generally every other Linux distro.
In a Linux system everything is file including all your hard drive partitions, your optical drives and every other I/O device. All those files are located inside a space called "root".
Basically if you see it from a "Windows Viewpoint", that root partition is where your Ubuntu is installed. It usually is of ext4 file system and can not be seen from windows by usual means.
You can use a partition manager like gParted to review your partition table.


Ubuntu 18.04.1 prints user's password during powering off

New here but found your problem very interesting. I believe, if you are in fact telling the truth, then some program you have installed or opened just one time has installed something of the following. To record when you enter your password.

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/138342/how-to-read-write-to-tty-device

Not sure if you can search the contents of each file but something like the following is what I would look for. And if you're up for a challenge, try to create one yourself, to gather that info, and that might help you find the culprit.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main() {
    char byte;
    int fd = open("/dev/pts/3", O_RDWR);
    write(fd, "X", 1);
    ssize_t size = read(fd, &byte, 1);
    printf("Read byte %c\n", byte);
    return 0;
}

Good Luck!

Denis


How does Ubuntu synchronize time without ntp?

This is done by synchronizing with  ntpdate tool.

man ntpdate

NAME
       ntpdate - set the date and time via NTP

ntpdate sets the local date and time by polling the Network Time Proto‐
       col (NTP) server(s) given as the server arguments to determine the cor‐
       rect time. It must be run as root on the local host (unless the  option
       -q  is used). A number of samples are obtained from each of the servers
       specified and a subset of the NTP clock filter and selection algorithms
       are  applied  to  select  the best of these. Note that the accuracy and
       reliability of ntpdate depends on the number of servers, the number  of
       polls each time it is run and the interval between runs.

       ntpdate  can  be run manually as necessary to set the host clock, or it
       can be run from the host startup script to set the clock at boot  time.
       This is useful in some cases to set the clock initially before starting
       the NTP daemon ntpd. It is also possible to run  ntpdate  from  a  cron
       script.  However,  it  is important to note that ntpdate with contrived
       cron scripts is no substitute for the NTP daemon, which uses  sophisti‐
       cated  algorithms to maximize accuracy and reliability while minimizing
       resource use. Finally, since ntpdate does not discipline the host clock
       frequency as does ntpd, the accuracy using ntpdate is limited.

You can do so with

sudo ntpdate TIME-SERVER

TIME-SERVER lists can be founded here


Pulseaudio doesn't recognize sink/source if nothing is plugged into the audio ports

Had to use pactl set-card-profile to set a default profile for each sound card. Once those were set everything worked.


XAMPP couldn't open default browser in xubuntu 18.04

All go to application is doing is trying to open a Web browser to a specific address. If you're running default xampp the address should just be http://localhost/


how to get the sudo apt-get install r-base failure

You are prompted for CD since the installation CD is still listed in the sources.list as a reposioty for your system.
Details
Usually officia package sources are listed in /etc/apt/sources.list file
and third-party repositories /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list files.
If you installed from CD-ROM, there'll be a line with
deb cdrom:[some name]/ stable main

To remove it:
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Remove it or comment it out (by adding a # at the beginning of the line)
Now run:
sudo apt-get update

then run:
sudo apt-get install r-base r-base-dev

To do it GUI Either go to ubuntu software center then to menu -> edit -> sofwtare source or run the command:
software-properties-gtk

It brings you to this, uncheck the CD repository