Simple Deployments

Juju can (from version 1.18) deploy to any Ubuntu Server with OpenSSH via manual provisioning:

https://jujucharms.com/docs/2.0/clouds-manual

The basic process is you register your machine(s) with Juju via: juju add-machine ssh:10.1.1.2 for example. And then you can deploy services to those machines.

Large Deployments

For larger deployments you can use Juju together with the default multiple-server-install coordinator (called MAAS) to deploy charms onto physical machines, or extra physical units to existing services. Juju with MAAS lets you treat a group of physical machines as a cloud, essentially.

https://jujucharms.com/docs/2.0/clouds-maas

Local (Container) deployments

You can also run charms directly on your workstation, which we call a local environment. You run each separate service unit as different LXC container on a single machine (Ubuntu only).

https://jujucharms.com/docs/2.0/clouds-LXD


I figure out why.

There is a invisible file .Trash-0  in /boot. All the kernels that have been downloaded are in this invisible file, but I don't know why this happens. The invisible file occupies all the rest space except for that for the visible files in /boot.
200M space is available after I remove the files in /boot/.Trash-0. I can now update the kernel.

I should have tried more before posting this question.


Copy (or move) some files with their parent dirs

Let’s say I want a copy of each L_data.txt in new_dir with its parents preserved. Here is my directory structure right now:
$ tree
.
├── new_dir
├── PycharmProjects
│   ├── folderA
│   │   ├── foo.txt
│   │   └── L_data.txt
│   └── folderB
│       ├── foo.txt
│       └── L_data.txt
└── PycharmProjectsCluster
    └── folderQ
        ├── foo.txt
        └── L_data.txt

6 directories, 6 files

You can see that I have two file in each directory, L_data.txt and foo.txt.
We can use find command to find all files named L_data.txt. Then using its --exec option we will run cp --parents so it copies the files into the new destination while keeping their parents.
find . -name L_data.txt -exec cp --parents -t new_dir/ {} +

The result:
$ tree new_dir/
new_dir/
├── PycharmProjects
│   ├── folderA
│   │   └── L_data.txt
│   └── folderB
│       └── L_data.txt
└── PycharmProjectsCluster
    └── folderQ
        └── L_data.txt

5 directories, 3 files


How do I set the default file association in Ubuntu Nautilus to something that is not listed in the Open With tab?

one can use mimeopen -d file to use a custom application on the cli. Afterwards it will be the default application [even from the Nautilus].

  $ mimeopen -d file.txt

  Please choose a default application for files of type text/plain

      1) notepad  (wine-extension-txt)
      2) gedit  (gedit)
      3) GNU Emacs 23  (emacs23)
      4) Other...

  use application # 4

  use command: nano

  Opening "useful.txt" with nano  (text/plain)

There are other ways you can find here


If you're able to use the first number to identify what you want to remove every time, you could use:

$ sed 's/-[0-9].*//' file
abc-de
fgh-ij
klm-no
pqrs

Notes

s/old/new/ replace old with new
[0-9] some digit
.* any number of any characters


In Ubuntu We have the Software Center For Installing New Softwares

and by the way windows software's not work in Ubuntu Unless u install " Wine " package (To Run Windows Software's in Ubuntu { You Can Google it "How to Run Windows Software's In Ubuntu"

Note : Windows Software's Are In .exe format ( example firefox.exe ) and Ubuntu Software's Are In .deb format ( example firefox.deb )

Note : For New User's Always Try To Install Software's From Ubuntu Software Center


Getting specific 'Out of memory!' message when running very involved Perl script

Instead of fighting with perl optimization, use a wrapper like this:

wrapper.sh

#!/bin/bash

for i in `ls $1`
do
    echo $i
    <perl script> $i
done

Use it as follows:

./wrapper.sh *.html

So instead of the perl script looping through 7k of files in one run, it is a fresh start for each file.

I also suggest you redirect the output into a file instead of the screen. It is possible that the terminal (xterm, gnome-term, etc) used up all your memory if set to unlimited buffer/lines.


Touchpad not detected on Lenovo Ideapad 320 with Kubuntu 17.04

Install this kernel module. It should fix the issue. Run

wget https://launchpad.net/~hanipouspilot/+archive/ubuntu/ppa/+files/elantech-0608-dkms_0.2_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i elantech-0608-dkms_0.2_all.deb

Then reboot.

You need to disable Secure Boot in BIOS to let the module load.

Another option is to install this kernel.

http://people.canonical.com/~khfeng/lp1708852/

For details see https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1708852


Read that topic carefully
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1512700&page=2
and then add this to your repository.On my ubuntu 2.8 ultimate edition based on ubuntu 10.10 it worked!!!
https://edge.launchpad.net/~sevenmachines/+archive/dev


Wifi keeps disconnecting on Asus x541U running Ubuntu 17.04

I am experiencing the identical problem using ubuntu 17.04. I am using a Gigabyte GA-H97N-Wifi motherboard. This has been going on for several months, approximately since the time I started using the "802.11n" network in my home.

I attempted the following fixes:

nmcli nm enable false; sleep 0.5; nmcli nm enable true
# Fails, as "nm" is not a recognized option of nmcli
sudo service network-manager restart
# No change in status
sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
# No change in status
rfkill block wifi; sleep 3 rfkill unlbock wifi
# No change in status

I have attempted to downgrade the connection from 802.11n, on start-up:

sudo modprobe iwlwifi 11n_disable=1

This may delay the failure; but a failure in wifi always comes eventually.

When I use "iwconfig" to check the status of wlan0, I note that sometimes "Tx excessive retries" goes from "0" to "1" simultaneous with the failure of the Wifi (checking every 2 minutes).  However, this does not occur 100% of the time; I would say about 90% of the time.

Finally: I note there was an update, which I installed 30 minutes ago (Oct 3 2017), and the wifi has operated fine for the past 30 minutes, which might be a several-month-long record!  EDIT: It didn't help!


input problems with xbox Elite v2 controller

Try mapping the controller specifically in Ubuntu, with a textfile that has all the correct input mappings listed,
This would be done by modifying a general controller mapping file for X-Input (I believe thats what all of Microsofts controllers use)
EX> LB = "4" or whatever and so on, and like you said it isn't triggering an input for some of the buttons and mistriggering for others so what you have is a basic misconfiguration issue caused by Windows likely trying to map it to a new controller architecture (perhaps something to do with the Series X, dunno why but its possible).

I would recommend first attempting to reset the controller entirely, if it has that function, as theres no reason for it to have updated at all if it was previously functional.

Second I would try finding or creating that mapping file, using a program that interprets the X-Input calls directly or doing it through terminal.
JStest seems to be one for Xbox360 Controllers, which albeit limited could help with testing for the triggers and such, to ensure your controller is ACTUALLY sending a signal for those. (given it connects properly, which it should, or you could simply wire the connection while testing and then connect via bluetooth after ensuring that it is indeed not locked for any weird reason.)

Third, is getting the mapping correct in Ubuntu, either through the file I spoke of previously, or through the programs you wish to use with it. And also not connecting it back to your Windows partition or PC unless you want it to yet again be reconfigured for the Windows setup and change your mapping for it.( No idea why it would ever do that, usually controllers don't carry a mapping information whatsoever and its on the OS to determine how to read that info, but still.)

Hope this might give you a little insight on the process and help at all!
I've been through a similar situation trying to set up controllers in an emulator that didn't even have a GUI, and required a txt file to be created for the inputs, all of which had no documentation and it was pretty annoying, but thats a good place to start.

AS A NOTE: You said you got it working with that code at the top, reconnected it to Windows, and then it broke. So I would also try (if you haven't) doing what you did in the beginning and then figuring out how to map the bottom buttons WITHOUT Windows, I'm sure you can read those input calls aswell if any others are sending.


Disable autostart for a service without uninstalling?

This should do the trick:

Open terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and enter the following command:

sudo update-rc.d tomcat disable

Basically update-rc.d will modify existing runlevel links for the script /etc/init.d/tomcat by renaming start links to stop links.


Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and run :

firefox -safe-mode

Do not forget to close any Firefox instance before running this command.

Refer here for more information.

Or show all options via

firefox --help

Usage: firefox [ options ... ] [URL]
       where options include:

X11 options
  --display=DISPLAY  X display to use
  --sync             Make X calls synchronous
  --g-fatal-warnings Make all warnings fatal

Firefox options
  -h or --help       Print this message.
  -v or --version    Print Firefox version.
  -P        Start with .
  --profile    Start with profile at .
  --migration        Start with migration wizard.
  --ProfileManager   Start with ProfileManager.
  --no-remote        Do not accept or send remote commands; implies --new-instance.
  --new-instance     Open new instance, not a new window in running instance.
  --UILocale  Start with  resources as UI Locale.
  --safe-mode        Disables extensions and themes for this session.
  --jsconsole        Open the Browser Console.
  --jsdebugger       Open the Browser Toolbox.
  --start-debugger-server [port|path] Start the debugger server on a TCP port or Unix domain socket path.  Defaults to TCP port 6000.
  --browser          Open a browser window.
  --new-window  Open  in a new window.
  --new-tab     Open  in a new tab.
  --private-window  Open  in a new private window.
  --preferences      Open Preferences dialog.
  --search     Search  with your default search engine.
  --recording  Record drawing for a given URL.
  --recording-output  Specify destination file for a drawing recording.
  --setDefaultBrowser Set this app as the default browser.

      -g or --debug          Start within debugger
      -d or --debugger       Specify debugger to start with (eg, gdb or valgrind)
      -a or --debugger-args  Specify arguments for debugger


How to install kde and totally remove unity on ubuntu 14.04 lts?

Do sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop. Now login, and type in the Terminal/Console program:

sudo -i

Now insert your password, and let's now remove the Unity desktop:

sudo apt-get remove --purge unity

DONE! If you're running 14.04, you will get KDE 4. If you're running 15.04, you will get Plasma 5.


First make sure in BIOS that you have USB option boot-up above Harddrive or simply put HDD all the way down.

Second use unetbootin for writing image into USB stick.

That should do it.


Blender Missing Library : libavcodec.so.54 - 16.04

libavcodec-extra-56 can be replaced with either libavcodec-ffmpeg-extra56 or libavcodec-ffmpeg56 in Ubuntu 16.04. I have Blender installed in Ubuntu 16.04, and it installed libavcodec-ffmpeg-extra56 as a dependency, not libavcodec-ffmpeg56. Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install libavcodec-ffmpeg-extra56 libavdevice-ffmpeg56 libavformat-ffmpeg56
cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
sudo cp libavcodec-ffmpeg.so.56 libavcodec-ffmpeg.so.56.bak
sudo mv libavcodec-ffmpeg.so.56.bak libavcodec.so.54
sudo cp libavformat-ffmpeg.so.56 libavformat-ffmpeg.so.56.bak
sudo mv libavformat-ffmpeg.so.56.bak libavformat.so.54
sudo cp libavdevice-ffmpeg56 libavdevice-ffmpeg56.bak
sudo mv libavdevice-ffmpeg56 libavdevice.so.54

According to UPDATE 4 in your question your system is in a disheveled state of confusion. You should give up on the hopeless task of manually pasting Blender back together and install the Blender snap package instead of the apt package with the following command:

sudo snap install blender --classic


First of all, check if the file /etc/apparmor.d/system_tor exists.
I suppose it does not, because it was removed somehow and therefore the warning that it does not exist anymore.

/etc/apparmor.d/system_tor is provided by package tor in ubuntu.
(see http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/amd64/tor/filelist)

So simply reinstall tor from the official software sources and everything should be fine.


How do I configure function keys and Fn on a ThinkPad Edge?


How much RAM memory should I allocate for Ubuntu when running a virtual machine?

Ubuntu 12.04 minimum memory requirements suggest at least 512 megabytes for a desktop install.

Visit https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch01.html#gui-createvm, they give similar recommendations.

So I would not go below 512MB for sure. But prefer keeping 1024MB if you see your host swap being actively used though.


How to play music Track in Rhythmbox without re-importing tracks when restarting ubuntu

This is due to the drive in which the music track is stored is not mounted.

To mount the drive automatically

Go to the Startup Applications, by Clicking top right side corner like Settings icon then click Startup Applications.
Then click on the Add button, Write a name for this operation such as "Mount ntfs drives", then in command input box, write this udisks --mount /dev/sda2, to automount the ntfs partition.

Note:
You need to replace the /dev/sda2 with your actual NTFS partition number.

  Mine was /dev/sdc6

You can get this number by this command:

  sudo blkid

If you have confusion about automount please visit Automatically mount NTFS drive when I login
Ok lets go to next step
3. click Add button to save the command
4. Then Log Off or restart

Now you enjoy your music without re-importing the tracks


Seafile on mounted partition: operation not permitted

So I figured it out myself when I tried to install Dropbox instead of Seafile:
The problem was the used partition type FAT (exFAT). I reformated the partition to NTFS and everything works perfect!
When trying to install Dropbox it told me that the partition format isn't supported to I came across the idea to try another format instead of FAT.


Check out mkvtoolnix. Think it might do what you need it to.

https://mkvtoolnix.download/downloads.html#ubuntu

Edit: sudo apt-get install mkvtoolnix mkvtoolnix-gui


How do I make a USB RS232 dongle show up in /dev/ttyUSB*?

If you don't need the serial device for braille devices, you may wish to disable brltty (you can remove the package), which used to be the culprit for ttyUSB devices at least before Lucid.

I definitely hadn't seen USB RS232 dongles still get claimed by brltty since the Lucid release though.


Intelligent chmod -x for all executable files that actually cannot be executed

This uses uses find to look for regular files that have the executable bit set.  It then tests them with the file command to see if they really are executables or not.  If not, we run chmod a-x on them:

find . -type f -executable \( -exec sh -c 'file -b "$1" | grep -q executable' Test {} \; -o -exec chmod a-x {} \; \)

As you can see, this find command has two -exec expressions which are connected with a logical-OR operator.

How it works

-type f -executable

This tells find to look only for regular files that have the executable bit set.
\(

This begins a group.

By default, find conditions are AND-ed together and AND binds tighter than OR.   In this case, we want to bind just the following two -exec commands together with an OR.  To do that, we need a group.
-exec sh -c 'file -b "$1" | grep -q executable' Test {} \;

This has the file program examine each file and grep checks to see if the string executable was in the output of file command.

In the above, Test serves as the program name ($0) for the sh -c script.  (For a discussion of $0 and sh -c, see this question.)

Here is some sample output from the file command:

$ file -b bash
ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=0e188133c8cc5187e22eabd27cbcf46f32060fe3, stripped
$ file -b which
POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable

As you can see, file is smart enough to identify as executable not just ELF files but also a wide variety of script files.
-o

This is logical-OR.  This means that the command which follows will only be executed if file did not identify the file as an executable.
-exec chmod a-x {} \;

This removes the executable bit.
\)

This tells find that we have reached the end of the grouped commands.

Limitations

As described in man magic, the program file works by examining the strings in a file.  Many files have very distinctive strings.  An ELF executable, for example, begins with the hex characters 7f 45 4c 46.  Jpeg and png graphics have similarly distinct markers.  file does not completely parse or analyze a file and, consequently, for some files, however, the magic fails.  As Ayrat points out in the comments, file misinterprets the following:

$ cat tmp.py
Now is the time for all good men
to come to the aid of the party.
from xxx import yyy
$ file tmp.py
tmp.py: Python script, ASCII text executable


When you boot from the USB or LIVECD - hit f6 and and ESC which should boot you into text mode. You will need to change the following options in your boot string.

nosplash, nomodeset

I found a similar problem here.

After installation I installed the nvidia driver manually like so:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

reboot and you should have working video.


How do I change the icon of a specific file [not file type!]?

According to this thread ( https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2365446 ) you can't change the file icon for a single file directly if using XFCE. You could create a .desktop file and use the exec command to launch the script. Example of .Desktop file:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=AppName
Comment=Some Comment
Exec=python somescript.py
Icon=false_icon
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Script


Okular is not listed in the open with option

Open terminal(Crrl+Alt+T)
type sudo chmod a+rwx /path/to/file
Then press Enter
You will be asked for root password
enter the password.
press Enter

Now you can access it as a normal file.


What does which git say?  That will tell you which copy of git is being run and if that is not the same one provided by the git package ( dpkg -L git ), then you have an older copy in the given location ( probably one you compiled yourself in /usr/local ) that is being used rather than the one from the git package.  Get rid of the one you compiled yourself.


Disable TRIM to avoid file system corruption

Short answer: to your question on the effect of disabling TRIM in Trim ready SSDs, I would not do it.

Long answer: here's why:

Loosely quoting from an earlier post:

TRIM prepares at-least-once written physical blocks on an SSD for new write operations (Wop's), obviating the need to actually erase the targeted blocks immediately before the Wop occurs (as would be the case in a setup w/o TRIM). For that the SSD must have a hardware controller that is TRIM-ready. It is not always the case.

In a first phase of use is, i.e. when the brand new SSD has just been installed and is still relatively new, all the SSD blocks have not yet been written over at least once. During that phase TRIM does not kick in systematically and brings limited benefit to the overall r/w speed.

After that early phase, which depends on a number of factors, among them how much you write・access the SSD, Wop's will slown down to reach a speed plateau.

At that stage, a rule of thumb is that TRIM more than halves write-times on TRIM-ready SSDs with respect to the same hardware without TRIM enabled. Some maintain that the regular use of fstrim, the garbage-collection utility that actually carries out the zero-rewrite on already once written but now discarded blocks, will boost your write-speed by a factor of 4  (yes, 400%!) or more. I (and most people) have no way of controlling that, short of isolating and looking at blocks being written with and without fstrim 's garbage collection at work.

HTH, at least conceptually. To know more you will have to delve in a number of rather technical white papers. They get seriously abstruse to the non-expert.

On the matter of disabling TRIM, first check that your SSD IS TRIM ready and TRIM is enabled:

$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep "TRIM supported"

CAUTION: read your man page on hdparm before using it. You can thoroughly corrupt your system in case of misuse. The command above is completely harmless though.

If you get a blank then TRIM is not enabled ->   case closed
If you get * Data Set Management TRIM supported (limit 8 blocks) then check that TRIM is actually active on your machine.

On Ubuntu, there are two possibilities (known to me):

you may have a discard as mount option in your /etc/fstab file, for any SSD device typically formatted as either ext3 or ext4. In case your mounted volume has the ext3 format, the discard mount option is known to actually constrain the volume to be read-only. That would get anybody's attention rather rapidly I think. So chances are any volume with the discard mount option will be ext4.
you can program fstrim to run automatically on a regular basis (hourly, daily, weekly or otherwise). To check that you have fstrim so programmed, enter the following in terminal:

$ find   /etc/   trim   |   egrep   fstrim

At least on Ubuntu 14.04.x, which is what I run these days, fstrim is scheduled to kick in once a week, which is about right for any normal desktop user. You might want to go up to a daily frequency if you run a data write-intensive services, i.e. a performance oriented database management system. WADR, somehow, if you had to ask, I doubt it is the case.

Finally, yes, suppressing fstrim or removing it from its /etc/cron.{hourly,daily,weekly,monthly} directory will stop the trimming process on your machine.

My opinion (provided at your request and not as a recommendation you should necessarily follow):
You are probably safe leaving that fstrim file where it is. If you prefer disabling it, go and buy an equivalent conventional disc based (HDD) drive to replace it. You might be better off than with an SSD with no TRIM activated, having paid a premium for it. But frankly using your extracted SSD as a paper-press would be a pity. That would be taking the discard option for TRIM garbage collection quite literally.


Advice before moving dual boot to larger laptop drive

It would be nice if you can backup partitions` content with fsarchiver and after partitioning your new drive as you like, restore them. Then There is two steps needed:

Installing GRUB on new Drive.
Change your fstab file to point to the right(new) partition UUIDs.


On Ubuntu 12.04, you should be able to just run

apt-get update
apt-get install libstdc++5 libstdc++5:i386


Pre-fail is the type of the indication ( as opposed to just an indication of how old the drive is ), its current status is OK.


Mimicking the ubuntu settings wrench button from the command line

OS: Ubuntu 18.04

This command mimics the one you have asked.. but only drawback is the window is not active..

gdbus call --session --dest org.gnome.Shell --object-path /org/gnome/Shell --method org.gnome.Shell.Eval "Shell.AppSystem.get_default().lookup_app('gnome-control-center.desktop').activate()"

For fvwm session.. the only option I came across is to install the package blueman

sudo apt install blueman


How can I extract UI images like icons, windows, buttons from Ubuntu 12?

Just go to http://www.ubuntuthemes.org and download the theme you are interested in. You will find all the icons, wallpapers and images inside the .tar package. If you are on Windows you can uncompress it using 7-Zip for example.


terminal commands for all default keyboard shortcuts

Basically, I wanted to perform keyboard shortcuts operations from my terminal
So, I guess I got some tool for that  xdotool solved my problem.


Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu Desktop 13.10 dual boot problem

If you installed EasyBCD and make an entry for Ubuntu,then the windows bootloader will be shown on the startup not grub.

If you want the grub to list the os's on startup,then boot-repair is the only option.


Samsung RC418 still boots into Windows after installation of Ubuntu

If you have already installed Ubuntu, then you probably did not install the GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader) correctly - which can happen on occasion.

To fix this:

Boot the Live CD/USB again
Open a terminal (yes, I know this probably seems difficult).
In the terminal type the following command:
sudo fdisk -l
(You may copy and paste, then press enter to run it).
It will give you a list of partitions on the system, similar to this one:

I have highlighted the important part for you. You will need to know this for the next step.

Now type:
sudo grub-install /dev/sda

(replace /dev/sda with what ever comes after "Disk" and before the ":" in your list)
and press enter.

Once the command completes, it will return you to a prompt (ubuntu@livecd:-$ or something similar.)
From here you can close the terminal and reboot the system. You should be able from there to boot either Windows or Ubuntu.

Enjoy!


18.04 Virtual Keyboard is QWERTY or AZERTY?

Let's follow the instructions from GNOME, the developers of the On Screen Keyboard for 18.04:

Summon the virtual keyboard by:

Open the Activities overview and start typing Settings.

Click on Settings.

Click Universal Access in the sidebar to open the panel.

Switch on the Screen Keyboard in the Typing section and look at the top row. If the first six letters of the top letter row are AZERTY, it's AZERTY, which is the default for French and Flemish speakers based in Europe.

Further documentation is found at http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man5/keyboard.5.html and https://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.5/doc/input/XKB-Config.html


Connecting Ubuntu 20.04 to ethernet without netplan

If the command ifconfig still works, you can run sudo ifconfig <interface> up to bring up the Ethernet.  Then run dhclient <interface> to renew a IP address for the Ethernet.
As for the packages that got removed, run grep "remove " /var/log/dpkg.log to show what was recently removed to help reinstall what is missing.


move files in a hadoop dir with specified number of files

You can use mv like this: mv -t target file1 file2 file3 ...

ls | head -n 100 | xargs mv -t destination


Reinstaling Windows 7 after dual boot with Ubuntu 14.04

do this steps

restart your pc and press f2
go to boot section
enable usb
save
restart
press f12
select usb
delete all the partitions
install a fresh copy of windows 7
done


Malformed line * in source list /etc/apt/sources.list (dist parse)

Try making a copy of your sources.list file and then delete the original file (sources.list), and enable multiverse like below

then perform an update

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install k9copy

Try that and visit this for details


What is IMAP+? And how is it more advantageous over IMAP?

It is simply a different implementation of IMAP in Evolution, which is supposed to be better in some cases than the standard IMAP implementation, which is the default. But it is not suitable for everyone just yet.

Quick resync and IDLE support are both features of some newer IMAP servers, which allow you to get an updated list of mails when they come in, without having to drop connection, reconnect, or re-fetch the entire list of mail for every folder. So if your server supports them, using them should make browsing your mail faster.


Ubuntu 17.04 does not boot when enable gdm3

Resolved with:

apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop

the entire install line to switch from unity to gnome should be

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop gnome-shell gnome


How can I change the volume of a specific program?

Use pavucontrol . It allows you to adjust volume of specific applications.


Hide files and folders which are hidden in Windows

Ubuntu and windows use different ways of hiding files. Ubuntu hides all files prepended with a period (eg. '.fubar'), while windows uses a different method. Because of this, I don't think you can easily hide the same files on windows and ubuntu without some kind of renaming script.


Xubuntu/Kubuntu Power Manager intermittently not working

I went back to Kubuntu (because its apps are the best for me), but the Power Manager was completely ineffective.  I have no idea what is broken, and nobody has suggested how to isolate the problem.  So, I wrote a python script that reads its configuration file, uses 'qdbus' to fetch the session idle time, and when appropriate, runs a command to sleep, etc. So, my problem solved with a workaround that has worked perfectly in many tests so far. Good luck to anybody else with an Ubuntu Power Manager problem ... you are on your own evidently.


Is it possible to zip changed files into a separate archive with only the changed files

Yes, it's possible to do this and there's a zip command switch specially designed for that purpose. I'll show you by way of an example, and then you can adapt it to your own purposes.

I first created a zip archive of my script folder with the following command (working from my home folder):

zip -r Scripts.zip Scripts

Now this had 76 items. I then added some 2 pdfs to the Scripts folder on disk and then ran the following command, and transferred just the new and changed files to a new zipfile:

zip -r Scripts.zip Scripts -DF --out new.zip

This was the output:

updating: Scripts/ (stored 0%)
adding: Scripts/GIMP+Magazine+Issue+1.pdf (deflated 2%)
adding: Scripts/Whitepaper-CentralisedLogging-v1.pdf (deflated 10%)

Now only these 2 new files are in new.zip, and they have not been added to the original zip. In the command, the -DF option allowed us to create a 'difference archive' specified with the --out switch, so that any new files present in the folder on disk, but not in the original zip, go to the new zip. So according to the man page, it is indeed possible to

  create an archive that contains all new and changed files since the original archive
  was created. For this to work, the input file list and current directory must be the same as during the original zip operation.

There are some interesting options to play around with for zip, so please see man zip or the Ubuntu manpages online.


How to solve "ima: error communicating to tpm chip" messages during boot

It is simple: just enable TPM from the BIOS setup.

To change the BIOS settings you can hit F2 during boot before Ubuntu starts. Please be sure not to change anything else if your computer is working properly.


View available items to install via apt-get?

First you need to update the local repository cache by the following command:

sudo apt-get update

Now lets say you want to search for all java related packages. The command for that is:

apt-cache search "java"

Consider that you want to install the vim editor and by doing apt-cache search vim you have found the package you are looking for and the package is vim-common, now you can simply install the latest version of the package along with the dependencies by:

sudo apt-get install vim-common

That's it. Now if you want to check for other versions available of vim-common as you are willing to go for an older version, then you need to do:

apt-cache showpkg vim-common

this will show the available versions along with the dependencies. here is a sample output:

$apt-cache showpkg vim-common

Package: vim-common
Versions:
2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_main_binary-amd64_Packages) (/var/lib/dpkg/status)
 Description Language:
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_binary-amd64_Packages
                  MD5: dc8579ec9ee0dc36b43d271645170c36
 Description Language: en
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_i18n_Translation-en
                  MD5: dc8579ec9ee0dc36b43d271645170c36

2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2 (/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_binary-amd64_Packages)
 Description Language:
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_binary-amd64_Packages
                  MD5: dc8579ec9ee0dc36b43d271645170c36
 Description Language: en
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_i18n_Translation-en
                  MD5: dc8579ec9ee0dc36b43d271645170c36

Reverse Depends:
  vim-common:i386,vim-common
  vim-nox,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1
  vim-gtk,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1
  vim-athena,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1
  vim-tiny,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1
  vim-gnome,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1
  vim-dbg,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1
  vim,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1
  vim-common:i386,vim-common
  vim-nox,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2
  vim-latexsuite,vim-common 1:7.1.314
  vim-gtk,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2
  vim-athena,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2
  vim-addon-manager,vim-common
  vim-tiny,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2
  vim-gnome,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2
  vim-dbg,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2
  vim,vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2
Dependencies:
2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 - libc6 (2 2.3.4) vim (16 (null)) vim-gnome (16 (null)) vim-gtk (16 (null)) vim-athena (16 (null)) vim-nox (16 (null)) vim-tiny (0 (null)) vim-common:i386 (0 (null))
2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2 - libc6 (2 2.3.4) vim (16 (null)) vim-gnome (16 (null)) vim-gtk (16 (null)) vim-athena (16 (null)) vim-nox (16 (null)) vim-tiny (0 (null)) vim-common:i386 (0 (null))
Provides:
2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 -
2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2 -
Reverse Provides:

As you can see there are two versions available, one is 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 (latest) and the other is 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2 (old). Now to install the older version you need to issue the following command:

sudo apt-get install vim-common=2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2


It's a bad idea to run everything as root.

For things that actually need to be run as root (which includes service nginx start), the best way is to use sudo:

sudo service nginx start

By default, this will ask for your password if you haven't entered it in the last 15 minutes.

You can configure /etc/sudoers to let you run commands as root without entering your password using NOPASSWD. man sudoers for details.

(The visudo command is the recommended way to edit /etc/sudoers.)

If you insist on executing commands directly as root, you can launch a root shell with

sudo bash

or

 sudo -i

(equivalent to sudo --login).

My advice: Don't do this. Typing sudo for every command that actually needs root access helps remind you not to use it unnecessarily. It's very easy to shoot yourself in the foot.


How to enable arrow keys in Kubuntu application launcher 12.04?

Do you mean...?

Do you mean the KDE's Krunner ?

KDE Plasma launchers: http://userbase.kde.org/Plasma_application_launchers

The Krunner: http://userbase.kde.org/KRunner

The user interface: Command oriented

The up/down arrows should pick the choices.

The user interface: Task oriented

The left/right arrows will should pick the choices.

At here this seems to work with the Kubuntu 12.04.1 / KDE SC 4.8.4.

If you mean the Krunner - then maybe...

You could try to reset the Krunner settings to the default.

1) Stop the Krunner ( konsole/terminal ) :

kquitapp krunner

2) Rename/remove the Krunner config file: ~/.kde/share/config/krunnerrc

3) Restart the Krunner ( konsole/terminal ) :

krunner

4) Test


Make mesa drivers become independent of previous nvidia installation

sudo nvidia-uninstall was a better way to uninstall driver than apt remove --purge nvidia*. (driver was installed with sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-340.102.run)

After that, none of glxinfo, Xvfb, etc. wasn't working due to:

ldd /usr/lib/Xvfb
    ...
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fd51461c000)
    libGL.so.1 => not found
    libpixman-1.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpixman-1.so.0 (0x00007fd514374000)
    ...

Was trying to fix it with different apt install libgl1-mesa-dri ... attempts, but seems like ldconfig automagically fixed that.

Now I can successfully run any OpenGL app with just Xvfb-run -s "-screen 0 640x480x24" appname without ... no GLX extension ... problems! :)

Hope it will be helpful to someone trying to run OpenGL app on headless Ubuntu server with nvidia drivers previously installed.


Is the Ubuntu OpenStack Autopilot is still a valid solution on Ubuntu 14.04?

I'll assume that you want to run Openstack Autopilot because you want to check out what Openstack looks and smells like.  If I am correct, you don't want autopilot, or to install juju manually, or any of that.  If you try to follow those (now outdated) guides you'll get stuck with versions of Landscape, Juju, and conjure-up that don't work with each other.

So, the best thing to do is to start with a clean install of Ubuntu 16.04.2.  I do this on my laptop all the time, or on a virtual machine running in VirtualBox, KVM/libvirt, AWS, vmware, Hyper-V, etc.  Doesn't matter.  Once you have a working 16.04.2 installation, run:

snap install conjure-up --classic

After installation, run

conjure-up

and select "Openstack with NovaLXD".  Most of the prompts you can just accept default answers.  At the end of the installation, you'll get a url to access your Openstack Horizon console.  Something like:

http://10.0.8.33/horizon/auth/login/?next=/horizon/identity/

And you can run (from the host)...

juju gui

...to get to the juju console.  Another command that will be initially helpful is:

lxc list

This will show you all the containers (about 15 of them) that are running your Openstack installation.

Using the conjure-up snap, you'll get the most simplified, latest, greatest version of Openstack built around Canonical's ecosystem (Juju, LXD, etc.)


How do I get rid of double battery monitor status?

What you are seeing is not a battery indicator in the wallpaper. When you go into expo mode, any old notification-area icons show up on top of the wallpaper. You can report a bug on launchpad against gnome-power-manager, but it is likely that your problem is only temporary and will disappear with updates.

If you still get the problem, you can revert the whitelist settings for the unity-panel (unless you still need to see some particular application there).

BTW I have this problem in 11.10 as well; but I believe it is only temporary as it only appeared in the latest update I installed (so it will be gone before release).


I am having problems with bluetooth and camera.

Both your problem can be solved easily. Just go to Ubuntu Software Center and install,

1. Cheese Webcam Booth
2. Bluetooth manager


With ufw you can declare all your rules at once and restart the service only after you are done.

So I would just block all ports, open port 22 (or whatever port you have ssh listening to) and only then restart ufw.

Maybe you will have to reconnect to your host again, but you wouldn't be left locked out if you do things right.

Here is a nice guide: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-a-firewall-with-ufw-on-ubuntu-14-04


Ubuntu 14.04 : how could i can identify the origin of a freeze

You can always check out the syslog for further information about the system freeze.

It's located here

/var/log/syslog


dual monitor workspaces on triple monitor setup in ubuntu 18.04

That's not the exact solution, but may be suit you.

You can set "Always on visible workspace"(in window menu) for applications you want to see on any workspace. Set it for apps you want always visible on laptop display.

Its possible propably to use xprop to set this option in shell script, but I don't known how exactly. Will update answer when find how to do it.


apache userdir and permissions to write public_html (suPHP)?

Just change all the files ownership under the concrete5 directory to www-data or whatever user you are running:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data concrete5


"Invalid desktop entry file" when using "Type=Link" in .desktop files on Lubuntu 20.04

The only solution I found is to directly use the .desktop entry as firefox application:
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Open Askbuntu
Exec=firefox https://askubuntu.com

Lxqt seems to take the URL key as a file browser path:
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Link
Name=Open Askbuntu
URL=/home

Opens the file browser at /home path. Must be a bug? Or some obscure misconfiguration.


Ubuntu 12.4, 11.10 Crash/freeze at installation

Maybe first you have to hit ESC at the welcome screen(see picture attached), then select your language, then you get the "Try Ubuntu.." screen previously mentioned by Web-E..


Dual boot 14.04 with Windows 7on second disk (sdb), BIOS loader

With both disks connected, boot into Ubuntu in sda.

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T.

Enter (or copy and paste in the terminal)

sudo update-grub

Enter your Ubuntu to login password when prompted. The Cursor won't move when you type the password. This is normal.

On next restart, GRUB should show both Ubuntu and Windows


How to change priorities of x-www-browser?

You can change the priority with:

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-www-browser x-www-browser google-chrome-stable <priority_as_integer>

Example:

before

$ sudo update-alternatives --config x-www-browser
There are 2 choices for the alternative x-www-browser (providing /usr/bin/x-www-browser).

  Selection    Path                         Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/bin/google-chrome-beta   150       auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/firefox              150       manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/google-chrome-beta   150       manual mode

after:

$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-www-browser x-www-browser /usr/bin/google-chrome-beta 50
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/firefox to provide /usr/bin/x-www-browser (x-www-browser) in auto mode

$ sudo update-alternatives --config x-www-browser
There are 2 choices for the alternative x-www-browser (providing /usr/bin/x-www-browser).

  Selection    Path                         Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/bin/firefox              150       auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/firefox              150       manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/google-chrome-beta   50        manual mode


Why is Vagrant in Ubuntu Docker container on Windows looking for PowerShell?

Vagrant is launching Windows executables straight from Linux. If Linux is running as the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL/WSL2)  or as a Docker container under the Windows host, Vagrant from Linux will look for the PowerShell executable file powershell.exe in Windows. You only need to add the path of PowerShell to the PATH environment variable under Linux. For example, if you mount Windows drive C: as /mnt/c on Linux, add the following PATH variable:
export PATH="$PATH:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0"

You can add the above line to your ~/.profile file and reload it using the following commands:
nano ~/.profile
source ~/.profile

This way, Vagrant will be able to start.
Through the environment variable VAGRANT_WSL_ENABLE_WINDOWS_ACCESS, Vagrant understands that it may access the Windows system to run executable files and use functions such as synced folders. You can find more about this variable on a respective page at Vagrant official site. Thus, you may also need to add the following variable:
export VAGRANT_WSL_ENABLE_WINDOWS_ACCESS="1"

With this variable, Vagrant will start Windows executables files from Linux, including the Windows cmd.exe command-line interpreter. Therefore, you should also need to add path to cmd.exe:
export PATH="$PATH:/mnt/c/Windows/System32"

Otherwise, you will get the following error.
The executable 'cmd.exe' Vagrant is trying to run was not
found in the PATH variable. This is an error. Please verify
this software is installed and on the path.

And if you are using VirtualBox installed in Windows Host, you will also need to add the path to it:
export PATH="$PATH:/mnt/c/Program Files/Oracle/VirtualBox"

Since Linux under WSL is running within a virtual machine, you will not be able to run a hypervisor for Linux like VirtualBox what would have run under WSL. So Vagrant from Linux will be using VirtualBox installed on the Windows host.
Please make sure that you are using the latest version of Vagrant, or at least 2.2.15, otherwise it may not be able to run Windows executables from Linux properly. Anyway, running Vagrant from Linux to create virtual machines in Windows VirtualBox does not always run smoothly, you may get errors like that:
There was an error while executing `VBoxManage`, a CLI used by Vagrant
for controlling VirtualBox. The command and stderr is shown below.

Command: ["startvm", "a1d5c124-261b-4e4b-a11a-88f7bfdda6df", "--type", "headless"]

Stderr: VBoxManage.exe: error: Failed to get device handle and/or partition ID for
0000000001cf34e0 (hPartitionDevice=0000000000000a39, Last=0xc0000002/1)
(VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED)
VBoxManage.exe: error: Details: code E_FAIL (0x80004005), component ConsoleWrap, interface IConsole

To avoid these errors, and make Vagrant to work reliably, just run Linux under physical hardware, not from WSL or a docker container under Windows. In this case, VirtualBox will also be running from Linux, and Vagrant will not need to communicate between Linux and Windows by running Windows executables on Linux.
There is a YouTube video on how to install Vagrant under Ubuntu 18 in WSL1 for Windows 10 and VirtualBox. But since this video demonstrates the use of older software, newer software may not work as described in the video. You may run Vagrant with --debug command line option to figure out what's wrong, but this may not always help find the solution. Here is an example of running Vagrant with debug output:
vagrant --debug up


From man sudo:

-H, --set-home
            Request that the security policy set the HOME environment variable
            to the home directory specified by the target user's password
            database entry.  Depending on the policy, this may be the default
            behavior.

So the -H flag makes sudo assume root's home directory as HOME instead of the current user's home directory. Otherwise some files in the user's home directory would become owned by the root, which may lead to various problems.


Pidgin missing libnotify plugin on ubuntu 20.04

I was able to download the deb package for 18.04 from https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/pidgin-libnotify and I installed it into 20.04 with:
sudo apt install ./pidgin-libnotify_0.14-9ubuntu2_amd64.deb


Is there a way to set laptop to hibernate after being suspended for a while? (like Windows can)

You can set this in the power settings, in the battery tab, thought it doesn't have a setting for the specific minutes as far as I can tell:


How do I upgrade my BQ Aquaris 4.5 to OTA-12?

Hmm, changing "Auto download" from "Wifi only" to "Always" fixed this. I was not connected to Wifi, but a setting called "Auto download" shouldn't affect a manual check for updates! Well - it's solved the problem.


How to reset the network setting in Ubuntu 18.04

To view status of the Network Manager Service:

$ systemctl status network-manager.service

To restart the Network Manager Service:

$ sudo systemctl restart network-manager.service


Clementine Dark-Light Icons in Unity tray

I do not why but after play with themes and icons finally the Clementine's icon is provided by Ubuntu-mono-light

:-S


How to avoid apt-get -y dist-upgrade being interactive with waagent?

Seems that clashes with config files are pretty common in apt-get (dkpg)
I solve the problem by using:

apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" dist-upgrade

The options mean:

--force-confdef: Ask dpkg to decide alone when it can and prompt otherwise...
--force-confold: Do not modify the current configuration file...


Trying to create a CSV file from a text file in Ubuntu

You can try

paste -d, - - - < file.txt > file.csv

The paste command generally merges lines of files side-by-side (with an optional delimiter supplied by -d). In this case we are telling it to read the standard input stream 3 times - - - instead.


How do I get my Dashboard to advise anything but 'Sorry, there is nothing that matches your search'?

I don't know if I can understand the question correctly but if you want to run command line tools from the dash then press alt+F2 instead of pressing the super key (windows key) but you should replace things like sudo with gksudo since it will not open in the terminal

a better solution would be to write terminal commands in the terminal itself
just ctrl + alt + T to open the terminal then use the commands you need


As long as you have not written any data on the file, you can try recreating the old partition table and everything should be fine. This guide here has some tools that can help you do that

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DataRecovery


Firefox does not display text after the installation of new fonts

The answer is given elsewhere in the site as follows:
Go to browser settings as in edit>preferences>content>advanced and uncheck the box that allows other programs to choose the fonts for the page and use the fonts that I choose.

But I found that this does not work for all languages. Some Indian languages are still not displayed, for instance.


libinput Trackpoint/Touchpad problems on T460p

For anyone with an external keyboard with a trackpoint, I opened up the keyboard, lifted up the film to look for any obvious signs of damaage, didn't see any and put it back together and the problem was solved.  I guess maybe there was static that removing the film discharged or something else wrong which removing the film fixed.

We'll see if the issue returns.


Why won't my Thunderbird mail access my Yahoo mail?

What type of Yahoo account you have? ( Paid or Free).

As far as I remember FREE Yahoo account does not work except the Zimbra Desktop client.

Have you earlier configured the Yahoo account with Thunderbird and did it worked?


Unable to set screen brightness - xubuntu 16.04

First Install Brightness Controller with the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apandada1/brightness-controller
sudo apt update

For Version 1 with up to 4 Monitor Support:

sudo apt install brightness-controller-simple

brightness controller


Try this, open terminal and run this command.

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme 'Gnome'

To see the difference, run another command

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme 'Humanity'

And then hit (Alt + F2) and 'r' then 'ENTER'


Opening .docx attachments in Firefox using LibreOffice

For file types that are not stored in Firefox preferences, Firefox uses your default system settings. Make sure that mime-type for .docx is correctly set in /etc/mime.types and the default application for that is Libre Office.

How to verify settings?

These are the settings for me, you can compare these with yours. I have an entry:   application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document        docx in /etc/mime.types.
Corresponding to that I have an entry:
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document=libreoffice-writer.desktop in /usr/share/applications/defaults.list. Also check ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list for this entry.

Setting the default application

This is already explained in answers to this question.

I have checked everything, still it fails

This may be because Firefox is not able to determine correctly the mime-type for the file. This link gives a detailed explanation of how Firefox determines mime-type for a file. This concerns Mozilla and you should report a bug at Bugzilla.


You should have no problems with your installation. Just do what I suggest below, and everything should be good.

Create some form of install media (USB or DVD, or even PXE if you know how), and boot into it.
When prompted with options on where you want to install Ubuntu, choose Something Else....
On the next screen, select the partition you want to install Ubuntu on, right click it and go into its properties.
Here, format it as ext4 and mount(use) it as /.
Exit out of that property dialog.

Now, hopefully you have EFI, which you probably do. The first partition on the main hard drive should be a ~100MB partition formatted as FAT32.

Go into its properties and make sure it's mounted(used) as /boot/EFI.

Don't format this one.

Exit out and continue with the installation.

When you reboot, GRUB should come up with the options to boot into Ubuntu or Windows.


How do I decrease brightness of my laptop beyond the amount it specifies?

For regular operation on your backlight you can use xrandr and xbacklight, but that will not get beyond its regular limits.

Try to find your kernel's backlight interface.

find /sys -name "*backlight*"

For my system, it is provided in the /sys/class/backlight/nvidia_backlight folder where I can use the files

actual_brightness
bl_power
brightness
max_brightness

to test things out. For example:

# cat max_brightness
127
# cat actual_brightness
127
# echo 60 > brightness # <-- here it actually decreases my backlight
# cat actual_brightness
59

If you're using an nVidia GPU you could try out nvidiabl or even patch the source in nvidiabl-laptops.h to override default min/max values to fit your needs.

However -- keep in mind that forcing it beyond its limits may damage your hardware.


As a general rule, Vim built-in commands usually begin with a lower-case letter. Most commands which begin with  an upper-case letter are user commands, defined interactively or in a script file.

In particular, the command :PluginInstall is not a built-in Vim command; as far as I call tell it is defined by a third party plugin manager such as Vundle. Use the documentation which came with your plugin manager to find out how to load it into Vim.


How to make Fatrat run in Lubuntu in spite of being a QT application?

this answer is in fact andrewsomething's comment that i post here as answer:

  a newer version of libtorrent-rasterbar6  is actually in the Ubuntu
  repositories. So, the solution is to re-install it.


Unmet Dependencies when I try to install wine or skype

Type following commands to fix this problem

First remove Wine completely

  sudo apt-get purge wine skype

Fix dependencies

  sudo apt-get install -f

Remove unnecessary packages

  sudo apt-get autoremove

Clean Cache

  sudo apt-get clean

Update system

  sudo apt-get update

Install wine and skype

  sudo apt-get install wine skype


Two PS3 controllers connected via USB identified as one

That sounds like a bug in SDL2. GUIDS are generated like this:

http://hg.libsdl.org/SDL/file/a9d1c47bb1aa/src/joystick/linux/SDL_sysjoystick.c#l117

And are used primarily for configuring the controller. However the GUID is only identifying the controller type not the actual controller, so two controllers of the same type generate the same GUID, which is not what GUIDs should do.

As for workaround, xboxdrv has support for PS3 controllers when connected via USB. In case you prefer Blutooth xboxdrv can also emulate a virtual controller on top of a regular one and allows you to fiddle with product, vendor, etc. on the virtual one, see examples/evdev.xboxdrv.

Made a bug report: https://bugzilla.libsdl.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2327


How can I write this equation with Libreoffice formula?

Try this:

H = oper ♁ from M = 0 to L H_M


FLGRX (AMD Catalyst) driver issues in Ubuntu 12.04

I suggest two things

1 In a terminal type the following

fglrxinfo

This will tell you if fglrx is installed and working well you should see an output similar to:

$ fglrxinfo
display: :0  screen: 0
OpenGL vendor string: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
OpenGL renderer string: ATI Radeon HD 4300/4500 Series
OpenGL version string: 3.3.11399 Compatibility Profile Context

If not it has not installed properly and I would follow the advice on the Ubuntu ATI page here
Ubuntu ATI site

I usually always install the ATI drivers in the terminal with the following command

sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-amdccclete

You may also need to reinstall the updates again:

sudo apt-get install fglrx-updates fglrx-amdcccle-updates

It can be a pain I know from experience. Sometimes I have had to go back the beginning by cleaning out fglrx (sudo apt-get purge fglrx*) and starting afresh.

Let us know how you get on


Quickly with Python 3 *or* how to start a quickly app without quickly run

The second part of your question: "How to make you application run without quickly run" is  discussed here. The patch to enable that is available as part of the bug report on the issue: Compiling schemas not part of the application template


Why does my laptop with AMD Radeon HD 76xx graphics get overheated when using Ubuntu?

OP reported in Revision 2 of the question that he managed to solve the problem:

Managed to fix the problem by installing AMD proprietary drivers downloaded from AMD website, after deactivating the driver suggested by Ubuntu!
Right now the sensors temperature is 47deg C! and battery backup of 4 hrs! HOORAY!


Do I need a Samba share if I have SFTP working?

No, you do not need Samba. Even in your "only" case, you could just connect to the remote server directly - you wouldn't need Samba for that.


Want a fully functional 18.04 hardware monitor

I like to use conky:
 sudo apt install conky

Conky is a light weight system monitor that let's you pick and choose system information and your own information and place it on the same window you can move anywhere:

My design is about four years out-of-date and not nearly as fancy as "modern" conky scripts.

Ubuntu 18.04
It's come to my attention some people (or everyone?) is having problems with conky under version 18.04. In which case I found this blog:

How to install Conky and Conky Manager

I had upgraded my 16.04 to 18.04 last year and don't recall any problems with conky. That said I rarely use 18.04 and prefer the stability and comfort of 16.04.6 LTS.


Email notification on automatic snap upgrades

I couldn't find any documentation about emailing of changes.

But if you are an advanced user, you may able to make a snap that does that using snapd-control interface.

interface source code: https://github.com/snapcore/snapd/blob/master/interfaces/builtin/snapd_control.go
documentation: https://snapcraft.io/docs/snapd-control-interface


Generate a log of all the installs on a system (whether apt-get/yum/pip/npm/...)

Software installation always requires authentication with sudo, regardless of which package manager you use, thus you can check /var/log/auth.log. There are multiple ones most recent are in plain text, older are compressed into gz archive, such as auth.log.4.gz. Use zgrep for those files.

The format is the following:

Oct 18 14:38:01 eagle sudo:  xieerqi : TTY=pts/4 ; PWD=/home/xieerqi ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/apt-get update


I got it installed by:
Download the latest and greatest here:
 http://www.teamspeak.de/en/download/

Move that file to your HOME folder (yes it will make a new folder).

Then in terminal type this:

sudo sh TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_amd64-3.1.4.run

It will start the install.  Then it will ask you to accept the license agreement (that is what stops it from running from a GUI)  "Q" to exit then agree to it.

To run TS3  I run it from the terminal by:

cd TeamSpeak3-Client-linux_amd64
sh ts3client_runscript.sh

That worked for me.  Good luck.


NVidia GeForce GT 540M Drivers not Working

When I tried to install an Nvidia proprietary driver roughly from scratch, I always had the same problem as you with the breaking of Desktop appearance and resolution. I never resolved by means of "software sources" nor "additional drivers" because the driver installed in this way is never detected, so you will not see any driver report line in both the cited programs. The problem of this, is because the Nvidia Optimus technology is implemented for the latest video cards released by Nvidia. Briefly, you have two video cards installed on your laptop (type lspci | grep VGA to find out); one probably is an embedded Intel and the other one is the Nvidia card; because saving power reasons, the Nvidia card on Windows systems is just waken up when the OS detects a large amount of graphic duty. For Linux, the Nvidia drivers don't take into account the presence of the embedded card, so it will not work. The only way it worked for me is by installing Bumblebee as suggested on many sites and forums (for example this Bumblebee installation). After installed, don't forget to check in your /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia file the line

  Option "ConnectedMonitor" "DFP"

you have to change it to

  Option "ConnectedMonitor" "CRT"

and you'll see the optirun glxspheres command working.


How do I trigger rsync on file modification?

crontab would be not good, cause it is executed each x seconds/minutes, so if i dont do anything, it will still call rsync but not if i modified my file

rsync will only sync the files that have been changed. If nothing has changed, it will exit. That's really a minimal overhead.

If you're unhappy with that you could use inotifywait:

while inotifywait -r /directory/*; do
    rsync -avz /directory /target
done

That will be more instant but it will do things every time you save.


The command . is a shell built-in. It executes the shell script you give as argument, but within your current shell environment. This is also called "sourcing" a script. In Bash, source is therefore a synonym of . (but e.g. not in sh or in the POSIX standard). Also see What is the difference between "source" and "."?

Sourcing a script (like . ~/.bashrc) is different to regularly running a script (like ~/.bashrc) in that if you run it normally, it will run inside a sub-shell instead of the current shell environment.

A sub-shell has its own working directory, shell options and local variables, so that changing them within the script (e.g. by using cd or setting/changing variables) does not affect the parent shell. If you run a script, it will also only get read access to those local variables of the parent shell which it exported, not the regular ones.

If you want to allow the script to modify your current environment (e.g. to change shell options, set environment variables, create aliases and functions which you then can use, etc), which is the case for .bashrc, you have to source it. If you just ran it, all its changes would be lost as soon as it exits and returns to your shell environment.

More info can be obtained by running help . or help source, and man bash (section about shell built-ins).


Intel Graphics Update Tool for Linux* OS v2.0.2 is unable to update graphics drivers

Ubuntu 16.04 comes with fairly updated Intel Graphics drivers. There's little, if anything, to gain from the minor revision updates the Intel PPA has to offer.

That said, if you still want to use the tool then you should follow all the instructions at the download's page, namely

Signatures - Ubuntu:

wget --no-check-certificate https://download.01.org/gfx/RPM-GPG-KEY-ilg-4 -O - | \
sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade

No need to run the graphical installer again.

Additional info (off-topic): Remove the Ubuntu Tweak PPA because it's not for 16.04. Search for a repackaged UT installer for xenial (deb) instead.


Because of installing Cisco AnyConnect client, I had typed

$ cat >> ~/.bash_aliases
alias vpn='/opt/cisco/anyconnect/bin/vpn'
alias vpnui='/opt/cisco/anyconnect/bin/vpnui'
^D

So the non existing command ^D was written in my ~/.bash_aliases file which is run every time I open the terminal.

To solve the problem, type:

nano ~/.bash_aliases

and delete the command ^D


To overcome the Stack overflow/segmentation fault it appears ulimit -s 65536 does the trick (16384 is not enough -- I have not tried 32768). I would suggest package maintainers to add a test and invocation of ulimit -s ... in file sks_build.sh.
There is an other workaround in this comment of github issue "SKS Segnentation Fault During FastBuild #65". Nevertheless, it does not work for me, since sks merge dump/*.pgp also crashes.
Anyway, in my case, sks build dump/*.pgp now crashes --much later-- the same way as sks merge dump/*.pgp, with Fatal error: exception Sys_error("1: No such file or directory"). This would appear to be a new error...
[ Solved this as well: Somewhere I found an sksconf setting of disable_mailsync: 1. This cannot be; it can be just disable_mailsync:. The former creates this totally unexpected Fatal error: exception Sys_error("1: No such file or directory"). ]


International Keyboard -layouts over X -- how to set them up?

I feel the solution is close to some trial below. I am getting some WARNING now with default keyboard -adjusting, third trial, so cannot test things fully. I am co-operating with guys such as Trem.* in #Debian (Freenode), we haven't yet found a solution but below some of our working to diagnose the issue. The # dpkg-reconfigure console-setup should be enough to tune KBD but not sure with CapsLk -toggling, anyway some trials below.

  Trial 1: not working

$ cat /etc/default/keyboard

XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="us,de,no"
XKBVARIANT="dvorak-intl,nodeadkeys,"
XKBOPTIONS="grp:caps_toggle"

  Trial 2: not working

  The basic idea is to configure the X -configuration files in certain level. For some reason, the keyboard settings get overwritten by some other settings, even though trying almost the highest level ie 98.

# echo "setxkbmap -option grp:caps_toggle -variant dvorak-intl,nodeadkeys, us,de,no &">>/etc/X11/Xsession.d/39x11-keyboard
# echo "exec /etc/X11/Xsession.d/39x11-keyboard" >>/etc/X11/Xsession.d/99x11-common_start

    Then restarting-X does not work which is clear because the Caps-Lock -toggle not working -- it was because the settings got over-written # echo 'echo "Did run 001">/tmp/KBDrunned001' >>/39x11-keyboard. So

# mv /etc/X11/Xsession.d/39x11-keyboard /etc/X11/Xsession.d/98x11-keyboard

    It did not work because the settings got over-written. Apparently some 99-level-thing or other 98-level-thing overwrites the keyboard -settings.

  Trial 3: not working

    It fires error in the position after setting up the font size, keeping default 16, did not
    even ask about layouts or Cap-Lock -toggling.

# dpkg-reconfigure console-setup
WARNING: Unknown X keysym "dead_belowcomma"


Open Java program from SSH into VNC display

You will need to enable X11 forwarding, this will forward it to your own X11 server (so you need a running X11 server on the client you're SSHing from).

This can be done by adding -X to your SSH command.
Example: ssh -X user@server

Then make sure that the $DISPLAY variable is set to the correct display. Check this with echo $DISPLAY

If what you're trying to achieve, is accessing an open Window on your X11 server through SSH, I'll suggest taking a look at this: http://www.wensley.org.uk/x

It explains how to achieve behaviour similiar to 'screen', but with X11 applications.


Problem with mount using option "sec=ntlmv2"

Try something like this:

//10.0.0.39/D$ /mnt/charles cifs --verbose user,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777,rw,gid=1000,sec=ntlmv2,credentials=/root/creds 0 0

This should at least be a bit more verbose.

There is a thread found at Stack Overflow

There are a good number of people that had success after installing the cifs-utils

code:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cifs-utils


what does this means 'error in Version string 'svn3799ppa1~maverick1' version number does not start with digit'?

I did a google search for the version number and the only reference I came up with was for a PPA for a program called Handbrake.  Did the part of the error message you didn't include in the question mention that package?

Assuming this is the case, it looks like the packages in this PPA had a weird naming convention.  The owner of the PPA has since changed them slightly such that it shouldn't trigger this error, but it isn't clear that the new packages would be considered newer than the old broken ones.

If that is so, I would suggest removing the handbrake package and seeing if that allows you to install the other updates:

sudo apt-get remove handbrake

If everything upgrades correctly after doing that, you could try installing the package again (which should hopefully give you a version without a broken version number).


The wicd-gtk was removed from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS repositories because of Python 2 deprecation.
But you still can install it if you download packages manually from 19.10:
mkdir -p ~/Downloads/wicd
cd ~/Downloads/wicd

wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pygtk/python-gtk2_2.24.0-6_amd64.deb
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/pygtk/python-glade2_2.24.0-6_amd64.deb

wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/w/wicd/python-wicd_1.7.4+tb2-6_all.deb
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/w/wicd/wicd-daemon_1.7.4+tb2-6_all.deb
wget http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/w/wicd/wicd-gtk_1.7.4+tb2-6_all.deb

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ./*.deb
sudo apt-get install ./*.deb # second time for correct configuration

and then use it.


Installation Error - The partition table format in use on your disks normally requires you to create a separate partition for boot loader code

Before you do anything else, determine whether your Windows is booting in EFI/UEFI mode or in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode! This information is critically important, since doing a mixed-mode install (Windows one way, Ubuntu the other) will lead to (Yoda voice) pain and suffering.

Your Windows boot mode is most easily determined by checking the partition table type for the Windows boot disk -- if it's GPT, Windows is booting in EFI mode; if it's MBR, Windows is booting in BIOS mode. A step-by-step in-windows procedure is on my Web page, here.

Once you've determined your Windows boot mode, plan to install Ubuntu in the same mode. You do this by controlling the boot mode of your Ubuntu installation medium. In most cases, you can do this by using the firmware's built-in boot manager. Selecting the option for the boot medium that includes the string "UEFI" boots in that mode, and selecting the option that lacks that string boots in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. Older computers (those from before mid-2011 or thereabouts) are usually BIOS-only and so can boot only in that way. If you have problems booting in one mode or the other, you need to review how you created your boot medium. Many tools, especially older ones, omit the key EFI boot files, rendering the disk unbootable in EFI mode.

If you install in EFI mode, the Ubuntu installer will use GPT by default; and if you install in BIOS mode, the Ubuntu installer will use MBR by default. Your situation suggests that you partitioned the disk with GPT beforehand but booted in BIOS mode. Ubuntu can install in that way, but you need a BIOS Boot Partition for GRUB. I don't recall offhand if the Ubuntu installer uses that precise name for it; it might be called a "BIOS GRUB partition" or something similar by the installer. By whatever name, it's small (1MiB, typically) and does not carry a filesystem; simply create a small partition and identify it as being for use by GRUB, being a BIOS Boot Partition, or whatever. That said, it's probably better to use MBR for a BIOS-mode boot.

If Windows is installed in EFI mode, do not perform a BIOS-mode Ubuntu installation. If Windows is installed in BIOS mode, do not perform an EFI-mode Ubuntu installation. Remember: (Yoda voice) pain and suffering.

Also, in EFI mode, disconnecting disks to perform new OS installations is risky. The reason is that EFI relies on both on-disk information and information stored in NVRAM to boot an OS. When you disconnect a disk, many EFIs will erase the critical NVRAM information related to the now-disconnected disk. This is more of a problem when you disconnect a Linux disk than when you disconnect a Windows disk (because many EFIs hard-code the Windows boot loader as a fallback option), but you should keep this in mind in the future.


So I'm really impatient. I want to fix my PC and I'm not getting any answers yet.

So here's what I did:

Booted up a live session from the Ubuntu disk
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install gksu
gksudo then type nautilus so I can access protected folders like /root/ (Note: My saved games were in the folder /home/$USER/.local/.. after clicking View -> Show Hidden Files and Folders.)
Copied all my saved games and documents over to an external drive
Reinstall Ubuntu

This is certainly not ideal. I have no idea why this problem happened in the first place so it surely could happen again. Also I'm sure there's a way to fix it without a reinstall but I want my computer back. Please any further input is highly appreciated even though I've already gone through with this.


How do I encrypt my drive during installation?

There is no option to encrypt your drive, just your home folder. It would have been in the same place as when you set the password.


Touchscreen Input Doesn't Rotate: Lenovo Yoga 13 / Yoga 2 Pro

I found a straightforward answer to my question by reading the helpful information at Ubuntu Wiki: X - Input Coordinate Transformation.

These commands can be used to align rotations of the input devices and the display:

The first command rotates the display, where  can be left, right, normal, or inverted:
xrandr -o <orientation>
remap the input device:
xinput set-prop '<device name>' 'Coordinate Transformation Matrix' <matrix-elements-rowwise>

The second command remaps the input device (that is, the touchpad or the the touchscreen) where <matrix-elements-rowwise> is 0 -1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1, 0 1 0 -1 0 1 0 0 1, 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1, or -1 0 1 0 -1 1 0 0 1; corresponding to the orientations above.

The names of the touchpad and touchscreen can be found with xinput list and either can be disabled entirely with xinput disable <device-name>.  Subsequently, xinput enable <device-name> will re-enable the input device.

In my case, and probably for others with a Yoga 13 (also on Yoga 2 Pro), the touchscreen is called ELAN Touchscreen and the touchpad
SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad.

Thus, I put a short script in my home directory called rotate-inverted.sh with the following content:

    #!/bin/bash
    # This script rotates the screen and touchscreen input 180 degrees, disables the touchpad, and enables the virtual keyboard
    xrandr -o inverted
    xinput set-prop 'ELAN Touchscreen' 'Coordinate Transformation Matrix' -1 0 1 0 -1 1 0 0 1
    xinput disable 'SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad'
    onboard &

Then I made the script executable with

chmod u+x rotate-inverted.sh

and assigned the command ~/rotate-inverted.sh to the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+I in
 System Settings -> Keyboard.

After I logged out and logged back in, I was able to rotate the keyboard by pressing that shortcut.

I did the same type of thing for the other rotation positions, using the commands xinput enable 'SynPS/2 TouchPad' and killall onboard instead of xinput disable 'SynPS/2 TouchPad' and onboard & for rotate-normal.sh.

Some others on this thread have discussed assigning such scripts to the extra buttons on the
Yoga — such as the lock button — as well as automatically executing them upon changing the Yoga's position; but I was not sure how to do this.


In AWS Ubuntu AMI server refused our key while SSH login

i just have got the solution. here i have made a mistake while making ppk file from pem file using puttygen.exe, i was suppose to load the pem file & then save private key. insted of that i was importing the pem file generating a key pair and then saving private key. this was creating a problem to me.

thanks for the support.


Is there a version of Indicator-Remindor for 14.04?

Indicator-Remindor has an official PPA, you can add it to your system by executing the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bhdouglass/indicator-remindor
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-remindor

or by adding the following lines with the editor of your chice to your sources list file /etc/apt/sources.list.d (remember to edit it as root)

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/bhdouglass/indicator-remindor/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/bhdouglass/indicator-remindor/ubuntu trusty main

Source: https://launchpad.net/~bhdouglass/+archive/ubuntu/indicator-remindor


Backup doubts: how can I use my backup files

Yes and yes.

Deja Dup is a file-based backup utility, which is actually a front-end to Duplicity, and can restore those files to any drive or operating system independent of things like filesystem type or partition size.

You can use it to back up only certain folders, or to back up all the files and directories in a filesystem.  What it won't back up is your partition table, filesystem type, boot loaders etc.  This makes it flexible.

Restoring would involve restoring to a folder of your choice.  If you wanted to restore system folders (ie all of / including /bin, /lib and so forth) you could do this, via something like a live CD, if you know how to do the partitioning and install the boot manager later.  But a simpler, typical use case would be, you re-install Ubuntu (or an OS of your choice), then restore your data files and folders you need to a certain directory where you can then access them.  You cannot directly browse the files that are backed up, you need to restore them to somewhere first then browse them from there.

If you back up from a Linux based system and restore to a Linux based system it should preserve file permissions.

You can even restore the backed up files from within Windows, though the process is somewhat involved and not for the faint-hearted.  But the ability to restore from a Live CD would mean you can restore to just about file system anywhere.


USB ports not working after resume from sleep on Ubuntu 18.04

This answer from Unix & Linux Stack Exchange (slightly enhanced here) has a solution.

Edit /etc/default/grub and find the line containing LINUX_DEFAULT. Change the line from:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

to:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash usbcore.autosuspend=-1"

Save the file, run sudo update-grub, and reboot.

After using this, you will find:
$ cat /sys/module/usbcore/parameters/autosuspend
-1

The default value is 2. The kernel parameter changes this value.

Setting the kernel parameter helped me. Now my mouse works again when resuming from suspend.
Suggestion: When USB devices don't work after suspend, you can also reload the driver using the following commands as root:
modprobe -r uhci_hcd
modprobe uhci_hcd

and/or:
modprobe -r ehci_hcd
modprobe ehci_hcd


how to make latte dock (0.6.x) opaque/not transparent?

At Appearance page, enable option (Show Panel Background) and increase the slider underneath to 100%

if this is isnt working then either your plasma theme is full transparent try Breeze Dark as a test
or
you are using Latte as a widget on the desktop, try to run it through an app launcher


I have an update.sh file, which is run every night

I read that as "I'm launching this via cron". A very common issue people have with cron is that they make expectations about the environment the script runs in. They assume the script will run in their home directory.

That's exactly what you're doing. All your sed commands use relative paths so they work when you're in the correct directory... But is cron in the same directory? Probably not.

You have a choice of fixes here:

Use absolute paths in all your scripts commands like /home/bob/dir/file
Make your script cd into the right directory (use an absolute path) at the top of the script.
Make your cron command cd into the correct directory before operating, eg:

00 00 * * *   cd /home/bob && ./update.sh

On the comment about permissions, if you don't have write permissions to do an in-place sed, you could just output to somewhere where you do have write permissions, eg:

sed "s/tk[0-9]*;/tk$company_id;/1i" resources/sql/create_tk.sql > $HOME/temp.sql
mysql -h $mysql_host -u $mysql_id "-p$mysql_pwd" < $HOME/temp.sql
rm $HOME/temp.sql#

Or you could actually just pipe from the sed into mysql:

sed "s/tk[0-9]*;/tk$company_id;/1i" resources/sql/create_tk.sql \
| mysql -h $mysql_host -u $mysql_id "-p$mysql_pwd"

These approaches won't change the original resources/sql/*.sql files so if you need to edit those, you need to fix your permissions issues (whatever they are; use stat filename to see what's going on)


Dropbox is taking too much CPU time. How can I fix it?

Good shout with using cpulimit.

I found this could be simplified (when logged as root) to

cpulimit -e dropbox -l 10

where -l specifies percentage of CPU. Note this is for total CPU over all cores, so a dual core would have a limit of 200

Output:

cpulimit -e dropbox -l 10
Process 2641 detected


Canon pixma MG3250 prints blank pages only

Final updated answer:
Create a folder on your desktop called canon-mg3250
sudo apt install libtiff5
cd ~/Desktop/canon-mg3250

Download the drivers from https://id.canon/en/support/0100466601 and https://id.canon/id/support/0100470101 and move them into the canon-mg3250 folder.
cd ~/Desktop/canon-mg3250/cnijfilter-mg3200series-3.80-1-deb
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linuxuprising/libpng12
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libpng12-0
./install.sh

You will be prompted to make sure your printer is switched ON and connected to your router, then to hit enter to continue, then enter “2” for “Network” and press enter. It should search and find your printer. Then follow the on screen instructions. Proceed to System → Administration → Printers to configure the printer using the newly acquired drivers unless install.sh configured this automatically.


Put the file in directory

/etc/skel/Desktop/

in the chrooted version of you custom build. If the directory does not exist yet you need to create it. /etc/skel/ is used to create the "skeleton" for the new users /home/$USER/ directories and content.


After installing nautilus-open-terminal, my desktop looks ugly

I suppose it has nothing to do with the package installed.

Run

pkill -f gnome-settings-daemon
gnome-settings-daemon


Yes, VirtualBox can handle Ubuntu.Just install it and read the instruction/help files that come with it to create virtual machines.

You will need an .iso image of Ubuntu which you can download from www.ubuntu.com


Issues with Unity after installing and uninstalling FGLRX again

I managed to fix my Unity by switching back to the Xorg driver and renaming the ~/.config folder. I'm not sure exactly which configs got messed up, but starting fresh without config files worked for me.


How to update Evolution Mail Client in xubuntu 12.04

This will install Evolution 3.6.4.  To install it, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:support-bec/evolution
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install evolution

Once done you will get:


Can't find LTSP option when booting from Ubuntu Server ISO images

You should use Alternate CD and not server iso.

Quoted from: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/LTSPQuickInstall

  Starting with the Hardy Heron (8.04) release the LTSP installer
  functionality was moved to the Ubuntu alternate CD.

But alternate CD is not available for Ubuntu 14.04 but you can still use the one for 12.04. Download it from here:

64 bit
32 bit

If you want you can  install it after installing any version of Ubuntu:

sudo -i
add-apt-repository --yes ppa:ts.sch.gr
apt-get update
apt-get --yes --install-recommends install dnsmasq ltsp-server-standalone ltsp-client ldm-ubuntu-theme ltsp-config dnsmasq
echo 'IPAPPEND=3' >> /etc/ltsp/update-kernels.conf
/usr/share/ltsp/update-kernels

more info from here:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/ltsp-pnp


wifi disabled by hardware switch , ubuntu 13.04, lenovo g580

On my G570 laptop, their is a small tiny black switch which acts as the hardware switch. This works, and needs to be moved to the right to turn the wireless on. I don't know whether this is the case for the G580.


Notifications about important log records

gnome-system-log displays system log files in real time, you can add or remove any log file from the monitor list and can filter or search expressions in them. When activity is detected, the logfile name changes to bold and the newly added information is also displayed in bold text.

Install gnome-system-log

sudo apt install gnome-system-log

Screenshot:


Low performance in Ubuntu 12.10: is there a problem?

im having the problem, i just installed it, and my netbook is running very slow, all programs run slow, firefox everything is slow, i installed previous versions of ubuntu before, but never had this problem, everything was very smooth, i dont really think this is a hardware problem since, i have read a lot of people having the same issue with this version.


Touchpad and touch screen not found on trekstor notebook

It appears that a merge was made last November (2018) to enable the touchscreen on several computers.  The Primebook 11 was mentioned specifically.  You may need to get a later version of the OS to get the update.  I have also seen descriptions on how to enable the touchpad, but have not tried them.  I'll be reclaiming my Primebook tomorrow night and will begin the investigation myself.


How can I download desktop version of unicorn 14.10 without torrent

You can download without using torrent, From this link:

http://releases.ubuntu.com/14.10/ubuntu-14.10-desktop-amd64.iso


I checked in a VirtualBox: The Desktop Installer does not recognize existing mdadm Raid1 devices.

You should

install ubuntu
plugin the 2 raid hdds afterwards.
(you should reboot to be on the safe side)
Then install mdadm with sudo apt-get install mdadm
cat /proc/mdstat You should see your inactive RAID
sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md_d0 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 (change the sdb1 and sdc1 to your raid partitions)
sudo mdadm --detail --scan

The output on my system is:

  berni@virtual2:~$ sudo mdadm --detail --scan
  ARRAY /dev/md/d0 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=00.90 UUID=bcb40263:0fe2be0e:4a925ea7:19eea675

Copy the whole ARRAY .. line to the end of /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Now your raidconfig is preserved and you can use /dev/md0 as a normal device
For example sudo mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid

This stuff is working on Lucid & Maverick


How can I delete a pre-installed language in Ubuntu 18.04?

Thanks for Mr.Hjalmarsson's help.

Follow this Steps:

First, make sure that language which you want to make it disappear in this page is not set as the "regional formats" setting.

Then check the folder which in /usr/share/locale-langpack and using command ls like this:

ls /usr/share/locale-lanpack/zh
en  en_AU  en@boldquot  en_CA  en_GB  en@quot  en@shaw  en_US  zh  zh_CN

We can see there has a language folder which you want to remove like zh, this zh folder was created by the installer since you (apparently) selected a Chinese time zone location, so we removed it now.

sudo rmdir /usr/share/locale-langpack/zh

At last, we use the command gnome-language-selector to remove the Chinese language packages again and re-open the gnome-language-selector, the "汉语(中国)" will never appear.

If you can't see the "汉语(中国)", we should do some clean work after remove, so, just remove all of the folders which have the characters zh in the folders name.


To check if you have any third-party repositories, you can follow these steps:

Open up the "Software Sources" application from the Dash.
Click on the tab labelled "Other Software".

Any third-party repositories you have enabled will appear here.  You can uncheck any repositories you'd like to disable.  When doing so you will be prompted for your password.


From the last 2 lines we can assume your dongle mass storage device is sdb.

This mean the device is present on /dev/sdb.

You can mount the device to access it by doing mount /dev/sdb /your/folder.

ls /your/folder to see the content of the freshly mounted storage, then identify the installation script and run it /your/folder/installation_script_name.


Can't install a 64-bit virtualbox on 64-bit 12.04

64-bit mode requires certain hardware virtualization features in your CPU. As one of the comments states, you may be able to enable these in the BIOS (they are sometimes disabled by default for security reasons).

Some CPU units do not have the required features, or the motherboard they are installed on refuses to enable them.

Unless you have a need to allocate more than 4GB of RAM to a single process in your guest VM, 64-bit offers little advantage over the 32-bit version.

Do cat /proc/cpuinfo | egrep '(vmx|svm)' on your host system ; you will need at least one of these flags to support 64-bit mode guests.


Presumably, those alpha/beta packages didn't break anything during the testing period, and therefore were considered stable. As you may know, every Ubuntu release undergoes a testing/development period of about 6 months.
Whether it is normal, or only somewhat normal, or not at all normal is really a matter of opinion. If you need to know for sure, ask on the Ubuntu Devs mailing list.
Generally, it's not uncommon to have some alpha/beta packages in every release.


Have you tried reinstalling gnome-control-center?
sudo apt install --reinstall gnome-control-center
GNOME Control Center is the package that has the settings interface.
https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-control-center

I ran into that problem myself on a fresh install of Ubuntu 20.04, I'm not sure how it occured, but this is how I resolved the issue.


How to crop a portion of the screen in the Clipboard?

Press Shift + Prt Scr.

Then you will be able to select a portion of a screen.

After that you will be able to choose either to copy it to clipboard or save as a file.


If Compiz doesn't work well on your computer, you can always try to enable Metacity's compositing manager. To do this, press Ctrl+Alt+T (opens a terminal window), then run gconf-editor. On the left side, browse to apps > metacity > general, then check the box corresponding  to compositing_manager on the right.

[EDIT]: Visual help to configuration manager:

Open dash and type Config on the search field. Proceed to selecting configuration editor.
After you have opened the configuration editor, browse to apps > metacity > general, then check the box corresponding  to compositing_manager on the right, like this (my mouse pointer shows the box you should check):

Hope this helped.


How to update all the installed software in Ubuntu without using any PPA?

if you installed softwares from USC, then you will get updates for that software automatically. In case of Firefox, firefox update is provided as a security update and also as a critical update since it is default browser in Ubuntu. But you cannot get a update of firefox immediately when it is released because it takes some times to build package for it and optimize it for Ubuntu. That's why you could not get updated firefox when it is released. For other software if there is a update then update manager will surely notifies you. BTW you can also use Ubuntu Tweak to manage ppa and get updated software if Update manger failed to do so.....


Assuming you are using Ondřej Surý's PPA, you need to install php5.6-curl.


How can I change the alt+middle-mouse-button resize to alt+right-mouse-button?

Follow these steps:

To open dconf-editor, Hit Alt+F2, type dconf-editor and hit Enter.

In dconf-editor goto: org ➤ gnome ➤ desktop ➤ wm ➤ preferences and enable ☑ resize-with-right-button.


You can auto-complete a partially typed terminal command using Page Up, which does a reverse search of previously typed commands.

To enable this terminal functionality, i.e. to use Page Up to go match further up in terminal command history, edit the file /etc/inputrc:

gksudo gedit /etc/inputrc

find the lines:

  # alternate mappings for "page up" and "page down" to search the history
   # "\e[5~": history-search-backward
   # "\e[6~": history-search-forward

remove the # to uncomment the two lines:

  # alternate mappings for "page up" and "page down" to search the history
  "\e[5~": history-search-backward
  "\e[6~": history-search-forward

and save the file.

For example typing in the terminal:

ge Page Up

....now auto-completes to:

gedit the_doc_i_open_previously.txt


How do I debootstrap on a local repository

Autsch - rtfm helped:
in my case I would use

debootstrap --arch=amd64 precise chroot http://myrepo/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu


Per your error message, I think you just need to install python-openssl:

sudo apt install python-openssl

If the above does not work, you might be able to install for 3.5 via the python shell:

$ python3.5

And then from the python shell:

import ssl

If that doesn't work, you need to recompile python 3.5 with ssl support. Start by installing openssl:

sudo apt install openssl openssl-dev

Then inside your source directory, you need to enable ssl by editing Modules/Setup.dist:

nano Modules/Setup.dist

Search (ctrl+w) for ssl and uncomment (remove #) from the following line:

#SSL=/usr/local/ssl

It will look like this when you are done:

_socket socketmodule.c

# Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other
# socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable:
SSL=/usr/local/openssl
_ssl _ssl.c \
-DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
-L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

Then you can just compile and install:

$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install


when using fglrx unity does not display and slow moving windows

see if ubuntu unity plugin is enabled in compiz config settings.
Also try unity --replace command in terminal for 12.10 and unity --reset for 12.04
also you could try reseting compiz to default

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwFG9XpdYEg


Give Ubuntu Linux Mint's color scheme System-wide?

Gnome has a very good tool that will help you create a custom theme of your own. It is much similar to how we edit CSS using " Inspect Element " in your browser. It is called GTK Inspector

https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GTK/Inspector

Once you enable it, you can click on any element whose colour you want to change and then replace it using the CSS window available in the GTK Inspector tool.

It will take some trial and error to learn. In the end, it is very simple to theme Ubuntu yourselves with a few clicks and some CSS. Good luck.

This is how it works


I guess you haven't installed an NVIDIA driver so far. You can easily install them via the Additional Driver tab in Software & Updates.

The dialog might look similar to this:


How to get GRUB options selection on startup?

To force it to come up every time, you need to edit the file /etc/default/grub for example with

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

comment out the line GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 so it looks like

#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0

or if you do not have that line, comment out GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden

#GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden

and make sure GRUB_TIMEOUT is set to something above 0 and enough seconds for you to do something when you get to the screen, for example

GRUB_TIMEOUT=10

Save & exit.

After changing this file, you have to run this command to make changes effective:

sudo update-grub

(I figured this out by reading the documentation but this popular answer also explains it)


Ubuntu Server as Router, Static ip for macadr's

Giving a pc/server present in the lan a static ip address

This is necessary if you want to run a server on a pc inside the lan and need a port forwarded, for example a web server or bittorrent client.

This is quite a bit more complicated than for services running on the router itself, but still not too much of a challenge. First you have to set up the pc in the lan that runs the server (referred to from here on as the "host") with a static ip address. Because the ip addresses are allocated with DHCP, a host might be given a different ip address each time it connects to the network. You can easily give it a static ip address by telling the DHCP server to give it the same ip address each time.

Go into webmin and click the "Servers" section and select the DHCP server. In the hosts section click "Add a new host". Fill the details as shown:

"Host description" - Whatever you want, this is just to help you remember which host it is
"Host name" - Set this to the hostname of the host. This can be found by executing hostname on the host pc.
"Hardware Address" - This is the mac address of the host. This can be found be executing ifconfig on the host machine and looking at the mac address of the appropriate network card.
"Fixed IP address" - This is the ip address you want to give the host. This ip address should be in your local lan and should not be included in the group of ip addresses you already told the dhcp server to hand out dynamically. If you have been following this guide, it should be 192.168.0.X where X is a number from 2 to 99 inclusive.
"Host assigned to" - You can set this option to a subnet in order to use ip addresses within the dhcp dynamic allocation pool.

Copied from this help page.