It says that Wine was installed but I can't find it anywhere in the list of programs, nor is there a menu to run an .exe with Wine, so obviously it wasn't installed.

Type in command line

wine --version

If it shows an error you are correct but it is likely to show you a version. "wine" is not a program you run by itself so it does not have a icon to start it from. You need to tell wine it needs to start something. So from command like you would use it like this

wine "c:\program files\internet explorer\iexplore.exe"

and it would start internet explorer. Some more on this on Wine HQ and on our Ubuntu help

There is a 2nd part to wine called "play on linux". It is a set of tools to automate setting up software for using it with wine. So also install play on linux. From the link:

  Why use PlayOnLinux?

GUI; no need for the command line interface (CLI).
Hides the complexity of Wine.
Uses "virtual drives" (see notes below).
Some applications are "supported" (e.g. Internet Explorer, Windows Media Player, Microsoft Office, Spore); PlayOnLinux automates their installation.
You can manually install "unsupported" applications.

The automated install is done by using scripts users made and are proven to work with specific versions numbers of wine.

Installation for play on linux:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/apps
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install playonlinux
sudo apt-get remove playonlinux

Play on linux does have an icon you can start and will show you a whole lot of software (though most are probably games (hence the name ;) ))


One possible way to do it
A while back I created a function specifically for that purpose which I keep in my .bashrc,  and can be adapted into a script. You should be taking advantage of positional parameters so that users can put filenames on command-line. Here's my original function:
swap_files() {
    if [ $# -ne 2 ]
    then
        echo "Usage: swap_files file1 file2"
    else
        local TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
        mv -- "$1" "$TMPFILE"
        mv -- "$2" "$1"
        mv -- "$TMPFILE" "$2"
    fi
}

You can get rid of swap_files(){ declaration, local keyword, and closing }, and turn it into a script - just add #!/bin/bash at the top. Granted there's tons of things that can be improved, but at the very basic level that's about as simple as swapping gets (which by the way is frequently taught in C to swap array items, but that's just a tangent topic).
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -ne 2 ]
then
    printf "Usage: swap_files file1 file2\n" > /dev/stderr
else
    TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
    mv -- "$1" "$TMPFILE"
    mv -- "$2" "$1"
    mv -- "$TMPFILE" "$2"
fi

Of course, remember to quote the positional parameters if filenames contain spaces. Like so:
swap_files 'file 1' 'file 2'

Note the use of -- to avoid issues with filenames that have leading - in them.  A better way would be to get into habit of referencing files in current working directory with ./, especially if you are using globstar * ( globstar is not relevant in this question, but it's worth mentioning if we're talking about filenames with leading -).  Besides,./ way is more portable, since some versions of mv such as on FreeBSD don't have the -- option.

As suggested by terdon in the comments, we can also create temp file in first file's parent folder to avoid moving files across filesystems.
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -ne 2 ]
then
    printf "Usage: swap_files file1 file2\n" > /dev/stderr
else
    file1_dir=${1%/*}
    # just in case there were no slashes removed, assume cwd
    if [ "$file1_dir" = "$1" ]; then
        file1_dir="."
    fi
    tmpfile=$(mktemp -p "$file1_dir" )
    mv -- "$1" "$tmpfile"
    mv -- "$2" "$1"
    mv -- "$tmpfile" "$2"
fi

Your script and things to improve
1. Redundant variable assignment
file1=$file1
file2=$file2

This portion assigns $file1 variable to ... file1 variable; there's two problems with this - assigning variable to itself is redundant, and it doesn't exist to begin with, there's no declaration of that variable earlier in the script.
2. Beware of word splitting with read
Here's what's going to happen if your user tries to put in even quoted items into your read command:
$ read file1 file2
'one potato' 'two potato'

$ echo "$file1"
'one

$ echo "$file2"
potato' 'two potato'

In accordance with shell behavior, the shell splits everything that is read on stdin and tries to fit in each word into corresponding variables, and if words exceed number of variables - it tries to push everything into the last variable. I'd recommend you read in each file , one at a time.
3. Copying to itself is an error
You're doing
cp $file1 $file1;

That'll produce an error
$ cp input.txt input.txt
cp: 'input.txt' and 'input.txt' are the same file

Perhaps you wanted to do
cp "$file1" "$file1".tmp

Or just make use of mktemp command as I did. Also note the quoting of variables to prevent word splitting.

Other fun ways to do it
Did you know that you can cat any file with redirection to make a copy? So using mv or cp isn't the only way. Something like this:
$ cat ./wallpaper.jpg > wallpaper.jpg.tmp
$ cat ./screenshot.jpg > wallpaper.jpg
$ cat ./wallpaper.jpg.tmp > ./screenshot.jpg


Ubuntu 17.04 no sound from Headphones Imac late 2011

I get that it might no longer be relevant for you, but for other people coming running into this problem, I've had the same, took me days to figure out, but now I have got a very simple solutions that works well (I've reinstalled ubuntu so had to do it all again and kinda know the drill now):

This fix works for every 2011 iMac 27 and 21 inch alike

first open up terminal and enter:

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

and add to the last line of the file:

  options snd-hda-intel model=imac27_122

control+x - y to safe and then do the same in:

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/sound.conf

and again add to the last line:

  options snd-hda-intel model=imac27_122

close and save it again, and reboot :)

if after this it still doesn't work type in terminal (don't undo your previous changes):
alsamixer and unmute all the muted channels with "M"


How do I install Adobe Acrobat in Ubuntu 16.04?

I followed the tips below on Kubuntu 16.04 64 bit:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ precise partner"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install adobereader-enu

After properly installed Adobe Reader, don’t forget to remove the Canonical Partners repository for Precise:

sudo add-apt-repository -r "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ precise partner"
sudo apt update


Basic question on how to read files in a directory

There are several problems with your code:

Bash variables are used with $VAR, note the $ in front. If you omit the dollar sign, it is treated like a regular string.
Bash filename globbing needs a wildcard (*, ?, etc.). Your example of . would match the folder ., which is the current folder.
Variables are set with VAR=VALUE. There is no space around the equals sign. VALUE must be quoted if it has spaces.
String concatenation occurs automatically. The + sign inserts a literal + at that position.
Variables should always be used surrounded with double quotes unless you have a reason not to.

With these points in mind, here is a working version of your script.
cd /path/to/folder

for file in ./*
do
    mv "$file" "NewPrefix$file"
done

If conditions
If conditions are used like so:
if [[ "$file" == "New"* ]]
then
    # Do something here
fi

Note that the asterisk is outside the double quotes.


What do bionic-wallpapers.xml and ubuntu-wallpapers.xml do?

The XML files you mention contain lists of wallpaper images, and the settings which should be applied by the background chooser, for what fill type, and background shading and colors, to use for that wallpaper.

Unfortunately, it seems most of them do not really use these files properly, and simply leave it at zoom with solid background color of black underneath the image (in case of transparency or unfilled area of the screen).


Can I trust a repo I am unfamiliar with to provide me a secure PHP 8.0 package?

It is safe to install php from ondrej/php ppa.
WHO AM I?

I am a Debian Developer since year 2000, and I have been packaging PHP for Debian since PHP 5. That means the official packages in Debian and Ubuntu are either my work or they are based on my work. The PHP packages in my Ubuntu PPA and Debian DPA matches the official packages in Debian. Basically I am saying that you can’t get any closer than that.

Askubuntu : @oerdnj

I am a Director of DNS Engineering at ISC, Debian Developer since 2000, Ubuntu Member since 2005, founding member of Ubuntu Česká Republika since 2004.

I (co-)maintain Apache2, PHP, MariaDB, Cyrus SASL, Cyrus IMAP, Berkeley DB and all things DNS in Debian and also have semi-official PPAs for those packages (PHP). I have been member of Debian GNOME GTK+ packaging team. (In other words I've seen things you people wouldn't believe. :-))

I am author of two apache modules (mod-vhost-ldap and mod-log-spread2) and I am co-author of Knot DNS, a fast authoritative-only DNS server, and now I work on BIND, the most used DNS server on the Internet.

I have expertise in routing, DNS, DNSSEC, Debian packaging and much more to list here :).

The developer is preparing a newcomer package debsuryorg-archive-keyring to automatically update the PGP key.
The apt-key list should print:
pub   rsa1024 2009-01-26 [SC]
      14AA 40EC 0831 7567 56D7  F66C 4F4E A0AA E526 7A6C
uid           [ unknown] Launchpad PPA for Ondřej Surý

twitter: Ondřej Surý
github:  Ondřej Surý
Installation instructions:
sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php8.0


Ubuntu 12.10, suddenly HD performing ultra slow for no aparent reason

Does the file /var/syslog contain anything related to that drive when you attempt to access it?


Ubuntu 14.04 - vlc starts extremely slow

Tried several solutions found in forums but none really worked for me. but most of them affirmed its effectivity. You can try these if you want:

Tools > Show settings: ALL > Input / Codecs > Access modules > File > Subdirectory behavior > NONE
Tools > Show settings: ALL > Playlist > UNCHECK: Use media library
Uninstall Microsoft Silverlight

You can try one by one see which one works. None really worked for me EXCEPT - Installing an OLDER version - Like 2.0.5. It now only takes a second to pull up. :)

Hope this helps!


What are the Timer and Announce ports of ALSA's System MIDI client and how to use it?

That's OK, I found a documentation for it, it was in ALSA API documentation (I just missed it on the first look):

ALSA project - the C library reference (alsa-project.org)

  A sequencer core has two pre-defined system ports on the system client SND_SEQ_CLIENT_SYSTEM: SND_SEQ_PORT_SYSTEM_TIMER and SND_SEQ_PORT_SYSTEM_ANNOUNCE. The SND_SEQ_PORT_SYSTEM_TIMER is the system timer port, and SND_SEQ_PORT_SYSTEM_ANNOUNCE is the system announce port. In order to control a queue from a client, client should send a queue-control event like start, stop and continue queue, change tempo, etc. to the system timer port. Then the sequencer system handles the queue according to the received event. This port supports subscription. The received timer events are broadcasted to all subscribed clients.

About SND_SEQ_PORT_SYSTEM_ANNOUNCE:

  The latter port does not receive messages but supports subscription. When each client or port is attached, detached or modified, an announcement is sent to subscribers from this port.

Ex. from SND_SEQ_PORT_SYSTEM_TIMER, one may receive SND_SEQ_EVENT_START events and from SND_SEQ_PORT_SYSTEM_ANNOUNCE, one may receive SND_SEQ_EVENT_PORT_SUBSCRIBED events.

It appears I should have posted this on StackOverflow rather than on AskUbuntu. If any one with this capability see this post, please, move it to StackOverflow (the question and its answer may still be worth to others).


Does the word exported mean the same thing as "shared,"

Yes, it does.

  Third, if my directory name has a space, should I put the path in double quotes ("/media/****/6CCC5DC2CC5*****/Media Server")?

Yes, you should.

  Second, what does the line mean, "You can replace * with one of the hostname formats"?

You can limit what each hostname is permitted to do, ex. host a may mount the export (=share) readonly, host b may mount read/write..
The hostname format may be  specified by using a dns name, ip, ip range...

  I understood that further questions were not to be appended in that location.

Correct, you open new questions for... well, new questions :-)


Wireless not working with BCM4311 - not attached to wlan0

Run the following in the terminal:

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source

If the command run successfully try to switch on wireless (with the hardware key).

If it doesn't work or the command failed saying there is no such module, then you could try opening a terminal and type

dmesg | grep b43

If you see lines like:

[   17.453421] b43-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "b43/ucode15.fw" not found
[   17.453427] b43-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "b43-open/ucode15.fw" not found
[   17.453432] b43-phy0 ERROR: You must go to http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43#devicefirmware and download the correct firmware for this driver version. Please carefully read all instructions on this website.
[   17.680077] b43-phy0: Loading firmware version 478.104 (2008-07-01 00:50:23)
[   17.993040] b43-phy0: Radio hardware status changed to DISABLED

Now you probably are lacking the firmware for the Broadcom card. Open Software Center, search and install the following packages,

b43-fwcutter
firmware-b43-lpphy-installerer

Reboot once. Now the wireless should work.


Path of the Image in Question is hard coded as 'resource:///org/gnome/shell/theme/process-working.svg' and this is from the .gresource file being used.
This resource file could be different for login screen and desktop session.
Assuming you are using Default Ubuntu 20.04
you need to edit/replace the file process-working.svg from the .gresource file.
for Default Ubuntu 20.04 /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/Yaru/gnome-shell-theme.gresource file is the one to edit.
I have gone through this process and replaced process-working.svg file with some .svg's and fell in a login loop.
the default process-working.svg file is like this.

and its properties are like this.

There seems to be a trick with svg images, Its a single svg image with different spinners. So I googled and got some 512 x 32 pixels with similar gnome-shell theme and could successfully change the spinner.
Getting/Creating the SVG is going to take much time.. So I used vanilla gnome's spinner and default Yaru's
Yaru's

Vanilla GNOME's

Edit:
have edited the original process-working.svg file with inkspace like this for testing purpose keeping the original size 512 x 32 px with svg format and tested it.

For Automation Purpose, the below script can be used.
Requirements

First keep your preferred .svg file (512px X 32px) process-working.svg in /tmp directory.
install the package libglib2.0-dev with below command

sudo apt install libglib2.0-dev
then save the below script in a plain text file as pwsvg.sh (process-working.svg)
#!/bin/bash

source="/usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/Yaru/gnome-shell-theme.gresource"
backup=$source.BAK

pkg=$(dpkg -l | grep libglib2.0-dev >/dev/null && echo "yes" || echo "no")
if [ "$pkg" == "no" ]
then
echo "
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sorry, the package 'libglib2.0-dev' is not installed. Install the package 'sudo apt install libglib2.0-dev' and then run this Script.
For now, Exiting...
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
exit 1
fi

cd /tmp

if ! [ -f "process-working.svg" ]
then
echo "-----your preferred .svg file 'process-working.svg' not found in /tmp folder. put the process-working.svg file in /tmp directory first.-----"
exit
fi

if [ "$UID" != "0" ]
then
echo "This Script must be run with sudo"
exit 1
fi

# take backup of original resource file
if ! [ -f $backup ]
then
cp $source $backup;
fi

for a in $(gresource list $backup); do
    b="${a/#\/org\/gnome\/shell\/}"
    mkdir -p $(dirname $b)
    gresource extract $backup $a > $b
done

mv -f process-working.svg ./theme/

FILES=$(find "theme" -type f -printf "%P\n" | xargs -i echo "    <file>{}</file>")

cat <<EOF >"theme/gnome-shell-theme.gresource.xml"
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<gresources>
  <gresource prefix="/org/gnome/shell/theme">
$FILES
  </gresource>
</gresources>
EOF

cd theme
glib-compile-resources gnome-shell-theme.gresource.xml
mv -f gnome-shell-theme.gresource $source
echo " Reboot to see the changes "

run the command sudo bash pwsvg.sh and reboot.
in case anything wrong, from any tty
replace the edited gresource file with the backup one which is /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/Yaru/gnome-shell-theme.gresource.BAK
sudo mv /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/Yaru/gnome-shell-theme.gresource.BAK /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/Yaru/gnome-shell-theme.gresource

Tested in Ubuntu 20.04.2


Cannot install Ubuntu (14/16/17) on i7-7820x and Gigabyte x299-UD4

My solution was to return the hardware. I want nothing to do x299.

Through my investigation i concluded that is something to do with hyperthreading.You can try to disable it. I think there are only some steppings affected by this. Return the CPU+MB combo

https://hothardware.com/news/intel-hyperthreading-bug-fixed


How to install applications in ubuntu while using live persistance usb?

Installing application programs in a persistent live drive
My experience is that most application programs can be installed and/or upgraded in a persistent live system. But there are a few things to consider.

Many application programs are stored in the repository Universe. If you run standard Ubuntu live, you need an extra instruction to get it. (Kubuntu, Lubuntu ... Xubuntu have the repository Universe activated automatically.)
sudo add-apt-repository universe  # only for standard Ubuntu live

Some software, for example the linux kernel and the kernel drivers are activated before the overlay for persistence. This means that it will not work to make updates work for them (even if you have installed new program packages for them).


I experience this too, with fresh Ubuntu 20.04 installation. I see the root cause of this was found ( https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mutter/+bug/1892440 ).
I can offer my workaround: add to autostart a trivial command that explicitly sets the "text scaling factor" after login. This change will be correctly noticed by the GNOME shell, making the GNOME shell text correctly scaled.
To do this, create a file $HOME/.config/autostart/fix-font-scaling.desktop with this content:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Fix Font Scaling
GenericName=Fix Font Scaling
Exec=/home/michalis/bin/fix-font-scaling.sh
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=false
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true

Where /home/michalis/bin/ is just an example, it's where I keep the script.
Then make a script /home/michalis/bin/fix-font-scaling.sh with contents like this:
#!/bin/bash
set -eu

# wait a bit, otherwise the change seems to not be noticed properly
sleep 1s
# change to 1.5 then to 1.25, it seems necessary for GNOME shell to register this "change"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 1.5
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 1.25

Make it executable (chmod +x /home/michalis/bin/fix-font-scaling.sh).
And adjust the 1.25 above as needed.
Note that this overrides the text scaling you have set by settings ("Accessibility -> Large Text", or GNOME tweak tool "text scaling").

Note: what does set -eu do?
It makes writing bash scripts safer, so I learned to use this automatically in all my bash scripts :)
It's a shortcut for set -e and set -u.

The set -e means that a bash script will exit with non-zero status as soon as some command exits with non-zero status. E.g. if sleep command fails for any weird reason, then following gsettings calls will not be done. Without set -e, bash scripts happily continue their execution, even when something along the way reported failure.

The set -u means that the script fails when you try to use an undefined variable, like echo ${SOMETHING_UNDEFINED}. So set -u allows to catch errors in the script easier. It has no effect in this particular script that uses no variables :) It's was just my force of habit to use it.

There's a great article discussing this (and some related) bash constructs, to make bash scripts easier to write/debug, on http://redsymbol.net/articles/unofficial-bash-strict-mode/ .


Try Ubuntu Tweak, it will let you choose themes and configure much more.

Just go to http://ubuntu-tweak.com/ and click the link "Download Now" to install


How i can create boot partition for ubuntu?

Download "Grub Customizer"
sudo apt install grub-customizer

Open it and you can delete the unnecessary boot option from there.


What is the meaning of apt-get install --reinstall?

which means would that remove configurations beside the binaries?

No. It will remove the package and NOT the dependencies and reinstall only the package. Config files are left as they are.

If you also want to re-install config files you can remove them yourself and use

sudo apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confmiss" install --reinstall {package}

to reinstall those along with the package.


you don't have to make an alias. Easily just add the matlab bin directory to your PATH.

PATH=$PATH:/home/user/matlab/bin

add this line also to .bashrc and then source .bashrc if you want to make it permanent. NOw you can run the command matlab with no need to create an alias.

But to know your error above, you probably have understand syntax of alias in wrong way.

The command syntax is

alias alias-name="command"

example

alias l='ls -CF'

So in your case you have to write alias in this way

alias matlab='/home/user/matlab/bin/matlab'

So correct the writing and either insert it to .bash_aliases or add it directly to .bashrc and then run comman source .bashrc or source .bash_aliases

Another way of thinking.


Set default ACL for new files and directories?

Create a user and its home (creates a group as well):

adduser Both

Add users to the new group:

usermod -a -G Both usera
usermod -a -G Both userb

Set the sticky bit:

chmod g+s /home/Both

Allow group to write:

chmod g+w /home/Both

Set the access control list:

setfacl -d -m g::rwx /home/Both

Obviously creating a new user is optional but it does make life a little easier and clearer.


What Does Cached Memory Mean when Viewing htop?

cached memory is used so that the HDD doesn't have to be read each time you open a file or a folder. So when you cache something it saves a disk read, that saves time and that's why Ubuntu caches as much as possible.

Having free memory isn't really good since it's not used, having cached memory will make access times shorter and improves performance. so the cached memory can be viewed as free memory since it's not actually used by any program it's just there to be as a backup of what could be used.

Cached memory + free memory is the same as the available memory, since the cached memory will be cleared if a program needs the space. So having lots of RAM will increase the performance of Ubuntu in general, especially if you are using programs with heavy RAM usage.


How to run mongodb with my username instead of default user mongodb

If you're running mongodb as a service, you would need to edit the upstart configuration file:

Edit /etc/init/mongodb.conf.
Change the argument --chuid mongodb to --chuid mydesiredusername. If you need to specify a group, use --chuid mydesiredusername:mydesiredgroup.
Restart by running sudo restart mongodb.

You might also need to change the ownership of your database files (in /var/lib/mongodb unless you have changed that as well) and the /var/log/mongodb directory and its contents so that mongodb can still read and write to its files.

You don't explain why you want to make this change, so maybe you have a good reason. But I would suggest keeping to the default user and finding an alternative solution to the problem you are trying to solve. Services run as their own user for good reasons, not least for security. Changing something like this can cause unexpected problems in the future, make upgrades harder, and is also confusing if other people need to administer your server at a later date.


Fan on always on HP Notebook AMD A8-7410 APU

Try this link to learn more about possibilities as to why the fan is always on. https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/power-constantfan.html


Wireless/WiFi not detected after installing updates for Ububtu12.04 LT on Dell inspiron 3537 laptop

I too had the same laptop with the same issue. The solution is very simple. Just follow the following steps:

Open terminal
Type the following command

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic build-essential

Next type these commands

wget http://www.orbit-lab.org/kernel/compat-wireless-3-stable/v3.6/compat-wireless-3.6.6-1-snpc.tar.bz2
tar xvf compat*
cd compat-wireless-3.6.6-1-snpc
sudo su
./scripts/driver-select ath9k
make
make install
modprobe ath9k
exit

You are done...


The problem is probably (my guess) that you did not download the correct file. But let's do this step by step. Don't worry, it's not as much as it looks like. Note that I'm using the german translation and translated them myself back to english to give the following instructions:

Installing unetbootin (or other applications) in lubuntu.

Click on the start button to show the start menu.
Click on "System tools" and then "Lubuntu Software Center".
Note: To create a shortcut to the software center on the desktop, make a right click on it's icon and click on "Add to desktop".
In the Software Center, click on All.
Type "unetbootin" to find it, double click on it.
Click on the bottom right on "Add to ...".
Click at the top on the button on the right with the question mark.
Review what will be installed and click on "Install Packages"

Install applications from downloaded files

In case you want or have to install from a downloaded file, you should always choose a linux download, while you should always prefer .deb files. Those are a bit like the setup files on windows.

To install those, yust make a double click on it. A windows will appear, providing a button named "Install Package". Click it, enter your password and the application will be installed. When it's finished successfully, you can start it from the start menu. Remember that you can create shortcuts to applications, it's really useful.

The difference

You may wonder what the difference between downloading from the website and using the software center is. Well, the official website of an application probably offers the newest version earlier. On the other hand, the versions from the software center are more likely to work stable on your system. Also it's nice to have a software center, right?


Using Upstart after building Apache & Mysql from source

upstart's method of following forks isn't really suited to apache unfortunately (there's a new method in development, expect exit which will handle this). So for now the init.d script is probably fine.

If you really need to have apache start before/after some other upstart job.. you can do

start on started otherjob
stop on stopping otherjob

pre-start exec /usr/local/bin/apachectl start

post-stop exec /usr/local/bin/apachectl stop

For mysql, I'd recommend installing the mysql package and using its upstart job, just change the paths to use your installed binaries.


How can I send a window to a different workspace without changing the active workspace?

I am not using Gnome right now, but I see under Focus or open window in gnome on keyboard shortcut that wmctrl works with Gnome.

So, I paste from  an answer under the question you linked (on Xfce):

Move active window to workspace 1:

wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -t 0

Move active window to workspace 2:

wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -t 1

Move active window to workspace 3:

wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -t 2

Etc...


Uninstall kodi "Unable to locate package kodi_crashlog

It seems you are in a folder where kodi logfiles are stored. Your command sudo apt-get remove kodi* do a shell glob expansion, where kodi* is expanded to the logfiles in the shell before the actual apt-get remove command and the logfile names are passed as arguments to apt-get remove.

To prevent this and use the * in your apt-get command as wildcard, you have either to escape the * or put your arguments in quotes.

sudo apt-get remove kodi\*
sudo apt-get remove 'kodi*'


Where are ALL ubuntu logs/terminal history stored

There are a lot of places where things get logged, and it will be very diffucult to be exhaustive, depending on what applications you use. That said, here are the main places I can think of:

most system logs go into /var/log
firefox stores your history, cookies, etc... in ~/.mozilla/firefox
This can be purged from Firefox (shift+ctrl+suppr)
zeitgeist is an history daemon, that populates the dash recent history. It can be purged from the privacy settings
terminal command history is saved on a per-user basis in ~/.bash_history Deleting this file will remove this history.
gnome applications (gedit, nautilus, etc...) store recently used files in ~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel This file can be deleted if needed.

These are the main places I can think of, but any application can log things in various places... so it really depends on what logs you want to remove.

As mentionned by MrVaykadji, BleachBit is a GPL software that automates such cleansing task, and let you delete "log files" for a wide variety of known softwares. You can also easily add new cleaners with simple xml files. Might be what you are (ware) looking for!


How coupled is Mutter to Gnome Shell in Gnome3?

Gnome Shell is a desktop environment. It uses Mutter as its window manager, and indeed is coupled to it - you cannot use another window manager with Gnome Shell.

i3 is a window manager. If you install it and log in, you have just that: a tiling Window manager, independent of Gnome or anything else. You need to set up other elements you normally find in a typical desktop environment yourself by autostarting relevant components. These component indeed can be components belonging to Gnome Shell, but it could also be parts from another desktop environment like XFCE or KDE, etc.

The Regolith Ubuntu-based Linux distribution is an example of a custom desktop environment, where i3 is used as window manager and many components of Gnome are used to complete a desktop experience. Outside of the Ubuntu family, the Manjaro i3 distribution provides another example of a fully pre-configured i3 based environment.


This really depends on what you actually need from your office apps.

Theres a couple good Writing/Word Processing apps in the Ubuntu Software Center. AbiWord, LyX Document Processor, and Zoho Webservice Word Processor (Ordered from best and pretties, to leasts in my opinion) But I personly use one called "FocusWriter". I really like it cause its very very simple, you can set a background image to be behind your typing, and when started it automatically starts in fullscreen.  Its not available in the Software Center, but can easily be installed by following the tutorial a the bottom of this article about FocusWriter.  FocusWriter on OMG Ubuntu!!

There only 2 stand alone spreadsheet apps I find in the Software Center are Gnumeric and Zoho Webservice Spreadsheet. I haven't touched a spreadsheet since I was in middle school, which was a good LONG time before I came to using Linux. So maybe there are other spreadsheet apps out there that I don't know about.

But as far as a stand alone presentation app goes, I don't know of any really sinces again I don't ever make presentations. I know Scribus pops up when searching the Software center for presentation apps, and I know the "Full Circle Magazine" alot to layout their very professional looking publication. I don't know if it can be used to output documents in a presetation format though. Zoho Webservice Presentation is there too so if all else give it a shot. Anyone with more info on this part please chime in.

Now if you want a all included Office Suite. Open Office is still available through the software but not popular cause of all the drama over Oracle being greedy. A good alternative might be KOffice though.

Sorry if I was too long. But hope I helped.


Your video adapter is probably poorly supported by the old 4.4 kernel.

You can upgrade the kernel in Ubuntu 16.04 to a newer major version by running

sudo apt install linux-generic-hwe-16.04


How to give a quicklauncher or shortcut administration privilege?

if you would like to run it without a terminal window, and set the password in the command specifically (without editing sudoers), another option is to create a script like:

#!/bin/bash
echo <password> | sudo -S <command>

-and run it from your launcher (quicklauncher).

The command in the launcher would be:

/bin/bash 'path_to_script.sh'

The downside is that you have your password stored in a file on a risky location. To work around the safety issue, you could locate the scrypt on a small truecrypt volume.

(inpsired by this thread)


How to deny a range of IP address which follow a pattern in ufw?

As far as I can tell, ufw doesn't support wildcards (*).

To have a rule apply to a range of addresses, you should use a subnet mask or CIDR notation.

Your example using CIDR:

ufw deny from 192.168.0.0/16

Your example using subnet mask:

ufw deny from 192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0


As it turns out it is not a bug, but a slight mishap from my part, as it turns out, I was inside the "Devices" tab of settings, which then only showed few of the settings. I could easily go back to the original settings by settings by clicking on the <-- icon on the top left of the screen.


The reason I write this instruction here is that I didn't find a step-by-step solution when I ran into the problem myself. I'm a Linux newbie myself, so feel free to edit this :)

These steps solved the problem for me:

Boot into recovery mode (press Esc or left Shift after BIOS splash)

Select Drop to root shell prompt option

Mount the file system in writable mode:

mount -o rw,remount /

Add the internet connection (I'm not sure if this works with Wi-Fi):

dhclient eth0

Now you have to purge the existing sudo package. It's protected against removal, so you have to set this environment variable:

export SUDO_FORCE_REMOVE=yes

Purge the sudo:

apt-get purge sudo

That command also purged the ubuntu-minimal package, so if we run

apt-get install ubuntu-minimal

this will restore both packages

Reboot the system:

reboot


problem with bcm43xx / b43 / b43legacy blacklisted /var/log/jockey.log

moved the OP's answer from their question to this section

1- Run this command to edit the blacklist file

sudo pico /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

add '#' in the beginning of the line containing bcm/bcm43/b43 etc
save and exit

2- Run these commands

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.141+bdcom-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.141+bdcom-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb

3- Now enable wireless from the top right of the screen, and you are done

I hope these info will help anyone


How to change Windows line-ending to Unix version

Option 1: dos2unix

You can use the program dos2unix, which is specifically designed for this:

dos2unix file.txt

will replace all CR from all lines, in place operation.

To save the output in a different file:

dos2unix -n file.txt output.txt

You might need to install it first by:

sudo apt-get install dos2unix

Option 2: sed

Or you can use sed to replace all CR (\r) from line endings:

sed -i.bak 's/\r$//' file.txt

With option -i, the file will be edited in-place, and the original file will be backed up as file.txt.bak.


How to add an extension to all files via terminal


What is meant by 'Transactional Updates'

A "transactional update" is a kind of update that:

is atomic -- while the update is running, your system is perfectly functioning;
can be rolled back -- if the upgrade fails or if the newer software version is not compatible with your infrastructure, you can quickly restore the situation as it was before the upgrade.

With APT, generally only the latest version of a software is available (you can't roll back) and upgrading a package with all its dependencies may leave the system temporarily unusable during the process.

In addition, Snappy packages are "self-contained", that is: they have no dependencies. All the libraries and the components needed are bounded inside the same Snappy package.
There are no other distros using transactional updates, at least I'm not aware of any.
Ubuntu is not going to replace APT with Snappy anytime soon. The first main problem is that not many Snappy packages are available today.


Cron is running but not providing output data

The '>'-operator only redirects everything that is written to your stdout (check: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/876239/bash-redirect-and-append-both-stdout-and-stderr). Stderr is a separate outputstream, that is why your wrong cron does not work, since it writes to stderr (a typical shell shows both stdout and stderr). To append both stderr and stdout to a file, use '&>' in stead of '>'.

Now to your problem: it seems Ec2-stop-instances is not writing to stdout neither. Using

10 * * * * ubuntu /usr/bin/ec2-stop-instances [instanceid] &> /tmp/ec2.log

should fix your problem.

Another way to write is, is to redirect stderr (usually stream 1) to where stdout (usually stream 1) goes by appending 2>&1 to your construct:

10 * * * * ubuntu /usr/bin/ec2-stop-instances [instanceid] > /tmp/ec2.log 2&>1


How to modify Canon's printer driver for linux?

Resolution 1200 is not offered in the PPD. That implies the printer is not natively capable of doing it. If you want something like draft/normal/high to be on offer, try driverless printing.


Is it possible to boot dual mode on old laptop?

Dual Booting doesn't double requirements
Dual Booting does not mean Windows 7 minimum requirements + Ubuntu minimum requirements = system minimum requirements.
Dual Booting minimum requirements are about 15 GB partition for Ubuntu and common applications. On my 16.04 I give Ubuntu a 30 GB partition out of 880 GB available.
If a Windows version will run a similar Ubuntu version will run
Running Windows 7 with 2 GB ram will be sluggish at times when loading multiple modern web browser pages and videos. The same will happen with a Ubuntu version running similar applications.
As others have mentioned there are scaled down versions of Ubuntu with smaller RAM requirements (starting at about 512 MB I believe) and you would be well served to investigate these versions.
Modest performance improvements
The best improvements to speed you could make on your rig are:

Upgrading RAM from 2 GB to 4 GB for about $100.
Upgrading 300 GB HDD to 240 GB SSD for about $150.

Note that on some machines upgrading may not be possible depending on system maximum limits.


Where is my host-only adapter in my Ubuntu network settings?

Host only adapter is not set in network manager . If you want to set host only adapter , open virtualbox - File - Preferences - Network - Host only network - press add button - configure it(Press screw button) - press button ok .


Windows 10 gone after (Re-)Installation of Ubuntu?

First things first, you need to make sure you didn't remove the partition. Boot with the Ubuntu DVD and then, in the dash, search for Gparted. Once started, it will show you the available partitions on your hard drive. At least one if not two NTFS partitions should be there. If you have none, then Windows 10 is gone. Can you confirm to us what you're seeing (you can post a screenshot if it's easier).


Differences between Windows Active Directory and Ubuntu Samba

It depends a bit on what you're actually trying to do.

If you just need a simple file server, then Samba is probably a bit more complex to set up if you're not familiar with Linux, but on the other hand it scales better than Windows and it doesn't require any license fees.

Roughly the same is true if you need a domain controller, except that Samba current stable release (3.6) only does domain control in NT4-style domains. For Active Directory domains you will need Samba 4, which hasn't been officially released yet. Samba 4 lacks some Active Directory features that are present in Windows Server, but it's sufficiently complete for most small setups. It may be alpha in name, but it's really stable and used in production by a number of people. Samba 4 is definitely less polished than Windows though.


The only two currently supported methods of calendar syncing on Ubuntu Touch, are via Nextcloud, or Google Calendar. You can also sync your calendar on your PC running Ubuntu with either of these.


It does not have Hidden=true
This is the contents:
!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=GNOME Flashback
Exec=gnome-flashback
OnlyShowIn=GNOME-Flashback;
NoDisplay=false
X-GNOME-Autostart-Phase=Desktop
X-GNOME-Autostart-Notify=true
X-GNOME-AutoRestart=true
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=gnome-flashback


Boot-Repair, no shimx64, boot-info supplied

It looks like it should be working. Some observations and comments:

Your Boot Repair output indicates that you have both BIOS and EFI versions of GRUB installed, but you seem to be using the EFI version, and the BIOS version is broken. This isn't really a problem, but it could be confusing. It probably indicates a previous BIOS-mode installation or an attempt to repair the problem with BIOS-mode tools.
The shimx64.efi binary is more-or-less required to boot Ubuntu with Secure Boot, but shimx64.efi can be used to boot with or without Secure Boot enabled. The EFI boot manager entry to boot with shimx64.efi is likely to show up as ubuntu in the boot menu. (Some people have two ubuntu entries, one of which launches shimx64.efi and the other of which launches grubx64.efi directly.) When launched, shimx64.efi launches grubx64.efi, which presents the boot menu and boots the kernel.
The fwup64 entry you see launches a firmware-updating tool. It will be useful only if you download a firmware update from your computer/motherboard manufacturer and install it on the ESP -- and then only if the computer's EFI supports the protocols used by fwup64, which most do not (yet). In other words, you can ignore this option.
The MokManager entry enables you to manages Machine Owner Keys (MOKs), which are used by Shim to enable third-party binaries and kernels to launch. This entry is very unlikely to be helpful in your current situation, so you can ignore it.

There's a slim chance that your problem is being caused by Secure Boot, so you might try disabling it. To do so, you'll need to enter your firmware setup utility (by hitting Esc, Enter, or a function key soon after you power on the computer -- the details vary from one system to another so I can't provide exact instructions). How to disable Secure Boot once you've entered the setup utility also varies greatly from one system to another. For some examples, see this page of mine.

It's more likely that your problem is caused by something further along the boot process -- clearly, your kernel is loading, but something else is failing. This may be related to video drivers -- it could be that your system is running normally except for the X (GUI) display. There's a rather massive question and answers here on AskUbuntu about this type of problem, so maybe you'll find something useful there. It could also be related to virtualization in some way, given the last message you see; or perhaps some random but critical file has been damaged or is missing.

I'm sorry to not have a better answer -- but with any luck this answer will be helpful in preventing you from going on a wild goose chase concerning fwup64, MokManager, or Shim.


I'm considering buying sound bar with bluetooth for my home theatre, can I pair my Ubuntu 14.04 system with the speakers?

Yes it does have bluetooth. I've purchased the speaker and it works really well. I installed this sound switcher I found on OMG Ubuntu (http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/sound-switcher-app-ubuntu) to change my output device quickly.


Installing Ubuntu, Allocation of Memory & Cores

Memory:

The memory allocated to a Virtual Machine (VM) is taken from the same pool of memory as the memory allocated to any other program. When the VM is not running is uses no memory at all. On a 4 GB system I wouldn't allocate more than 1 to 1.5 GB to a VM. My suggestion is to allocate 1 GB to the VM and install the 32-bit version of Ubuntu. This will be quite serviceable for testing and looking around; for production use you should really install more memory in the computer and allocate at least 3 GB to the VM.

Always make sure that the operating system plus any programs plus any VMs running do not need more memory than what is actually available. If the host operating system needs to make heavy use of the swap/paging file while the VM is running performance will fall like a rock.
Virtual CPUs:

Virtual CPUs are virtual. They are not in use when the VM is not running; when the VM is running the virtual CPUs compete with the rest of the programs on the host system. The VM will never take exclusive ownership of some CPU cores.


Add new files into .deb package you're building

Flint, the simplest way is to add the file to debian/install, or debian/binary-package-name.install. The format of the file is

source/relative/to/source/root destination/relative/to/system/root

So if you want to put contrib/scripts/admintool into /usr/bin/foo-admintool You'd do:

contrib/scripts/admintool usr/bin/foo-admintool

dh_install, which reads these, is fairly smart and will try to set permissions to the right values.

Specifically for init scripts, there is dh_installinit. You should probably read man dh_installinit to understand it fully, but basically if you have

debian/package-name.foo.init

It will be installed as /etc/init.d/foo and setup to start on installation/boot.

Subsequently, if you write an upstart job

debian/package-name.foo.upstart

Will be put in as /etc/init/foo.conf

And a symlink will be created as /etc/init.d/foo that points to an upstart wrapper for sysv compatibility.


How to tell what libraries a piece of software needs?

According to the wiki SteamCMD depends on lib32gcc1 and lib32stdc++6. So:

  sudo apt-get install lib32gcc1 lib32stdc++6

should install theses packages.


12.04 LTS on Dell PowerEdge T300 installs, but won't boot

I have a similar problem with a Dell PowerEdge SC440 with the Dell SAS 5 controller. I wanted to upgrade my hard disks from 2x160 GB in RAID-1 (mirroring) to 2x2TB in RAID-0 (striping). Creating the "virtual disk" worked, installing Ubuntu as well, but after rebooting the BIOS doesn't recognise the "virtual disk" as a bootable device.

So, in my case, the problem is not with OS installation, but with the SAS and BIOS "integration". In the Setup Utility, under Boot Order, you should see an entry with something like (in my case) "#0240 ID00 LUN0 Dell    VIRTUAL". If you don't see this, the problem is not with Ubuntu, but with SAS/BIOS.

I got things working by reconfiguring the drives in RAID-1. The BIOS then picked up the virtual drive and booting works.

Sorry I don't have an immediate solution for you, but I hope it helps troubleshooting your problem.

Cheers,
bert


Can't play drm-protected content in ubuntu 13.10

This worked for me http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2144347 (using 13.10 and Chromium).  Not sure if it works for Firefox, but it should.

Basically, you need to install HAL manually, since it isn't in the repository for 13.10.


touchpad driver for dell latitude e5440 ubuntu 18.04

I'm facing similar issues. The best I could achieve is this:
Switching to libinput reduces the issues of disturbances and autoclicks while scrolling. See here https://linuxmint.com/rel_tara_cinnamon.php. One may need to do apt install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics-hw if can't install apt install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics.
However, right click not responding frequently and cursor shakes at times are problems which still remain. I discovered that cursor shakes when another finger comes close to touchpad without touching it, so keep the other fingers away to avoid this. For right click I use button and have also converted right Alt into a right click with the help of keyboard shortcuts and xdotool combined.
Sm1 has asked same question at Bug touchpad Dell E5440 Mint 19. Any more suggestions requested.
update: two perfect scrolling positions: 1- scrolling diagonally with fingers touched, 2- scrolling horizontally with fingers touched and also aligned in horizontal way


The actual command that performs this operation is built into curtin in the partitioning_commands. Curtin by default will call "curtin block-meta simple". The command searches for a disk to perform the installation on, the error you are seeing is because your system has no disks that curtin can install to. Make sure that the system you are deploying to has a disk that is writeable.

If you system does have a disk present, this most likely means that the kernel is unable to enumerate this storage device. You can try a hardware enablement kernel to see if drivers for your device are available in a newer kernel. Set the architecture on a node to "amd64/hwe-u" or higher to get a newer kernel. If this still does not work then it means your need some other driver enablement to allow the curtin to be able to install to your device.

I have documented this information in bug 1451490 as well.


The easiest way is to use TeamViewer. It is commercial software free for personal use. I'm not sure if connecting to your office will qualify as personal.

If you want a free (both meanings) way, I will try to give some general guidelines. You should probably ask one question for each problem for a complete answer (some are already answered in this site, IIRC):

You can use Desktop Sharing to set up VNC for you. It is already bundled in Ubuntu so just search for it in the dash and activate it. It will not create a virtual desktop but share your real one.
You'll need to forward at least port 5900 in your router. You should seek advice for your router model, as each different router have a different interface.
You will need to set up a Dynamic DNS to be able to do this. Most routers support this, so check this first as configuring it at router level is usually better. If you router doesn't support dynamic dns you can do it from Ubuntu.


Unable to use cover switch or flip switch

When in System Settings -> Window Management -> Task Switcher -> Main, click on the Help button to open the corresponding help article. In it there's this:

  Cover Switch and Flip Switch effect are more fancy effects which require OpenGL. Cover Switch displays the windows in a gallery with a large thumbnail of the currently selected window in the center of the screen while all other windows are rotated on the left and right. Flip Switch displays all windows on a 3D stack. The selected window is on top of the stack and navigating through the windows will move the stack so that the new selected window is on the top.
  If the effect provides additional settings the configure button will be activated. By clicking this button a configuration dialog will be shown.
  Note
  When compositing is not active or gets suspended the normal window list will be shown. There is no loss in functionality if an effect is selected and compositing is not active.

That means that one's machine should have OpenGL and that compositing should be active.

Running qdbus org.kde.KWin /KWin supportInformation | grep -E -A5 "^Compositing" would be informative.

If the output is like:

Compositing
===========
Compositing is active
Compositing Type: OpenGL
OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 520 (Skylake GT2)
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5
OpenGL platform interface: GLX
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30

both Flip Switch and Cover Switch should work.


Can I test full Ubuntu desktop or Kubuntu on Docker?

While technically it might be possible, following a large number of workarounds and hacks, I strongly advise against that.
Docker (actually, containers in general) have now evolved to become a sophisticated method of process isolation. That's where the mantra "one process per container" essentially comes from.
Every major implementation today assumes you already have a full operating system running, and that your kernel will simply isolate one of its processes inside a container so you can manage its dependencies more easily in a broader scope of infrastructure automation.
Inside this isolated environment, a running process is severely limited. And make no mistake. That is by design. Even the root user inside the container, with default settings, is not as powerful as the root user in host OS. Parts of the filesystem are forced into read-only mode. There is no direct access to most physical devices, and that includes no presumed access to a monitor to display anything.
In contrast to all restrictions, a full desktop operating system will fail in a large number of assumptions. For starters, there won't be a parent init process (/usr/sbin/init) to control other processes. There won't be a d-bus, and a number of other services a full OS needs. The list is virtually endless.
If you need a full OS, might as well spin up a complete virtual machine -- ie: Virtual Box.


libXpm.so.4 is the library file you get when you install libxpm, and is then used by software that requires it.

To get the libXpm.so.4 library, we should install libxpm, version 4

Therefore, the correct package name is libxpm4.


If you just want to use a CardDAV address book with Thunderbird, there is no need to go through the EDS.
The Cardbook addon completely replaces Thunderbird's built-in address book and provides support for CardDAV. You add your remote address book using URL, username and password, hit "Sync" (potentially repeatedly) and watch your contacts come in.

Nota bene: If you use HTTPS with a server that does not have a valid certificate (in particular a self-signed one) you need to add an exception for that server in Thunderbird's certificate configuration dialogue first. Otherwise, Cardbook will just report failed validation of the login credentials.


Can I play Windows games using WINE and/or through Steam?

From my own experience I can confirm that Steam for Windows works great with recent versions of Wine.

By this you can run many naitve Windows games available through Steam using Wine or Play On Linux. Issues and games which won't run, or tweaks needed are best being queried from the Wine Application Database. It may also be worth to have a look at the Steam support forums for issues.

As a rule of thumb: if a game is listed as Platinum you will be able to play it without issues. A game rated as Gold will be playble just fine but may need some tweaks. All other ratings indiciate more or less severe issues.

Performance of games played through Wine varies considerably but many games will just perform fine with only a minor perfomance loss as compared to native Windows. This will also include 3D graphics which is supported through DriectX drivers in Wine.

Sadly however there is no guarantee that any single game you bought will actually run on your specific system. In case a Linux version is available through Steam you will probably better install this version.

It is also possible to connect your Steam account to both, native Steam for Ubuntu, and Steam for Windows run through Wine.


What is supposed to happen when you install Gmail webapp?

It won't integrate, no.

I believe that it will be the default for mailto: links, e.g. mailto:timh@hitchins.tk (it doesn't work here, but if you click on a link like that it will open in the default mail app).

The web-app is simply Gmail in browser. If you want your emails integrated, you need a IMAP account on thunderbird, or some other email reader.


First mount all the ext4 partitions inside /media directory.Then run the below commands.

I assume, you have 3 ext4 partitions,

 sudo mkdir /media/part1
 sudo mkdir /media/part2
 sudo mkdir /media/part3

Create directories on/media to get you partitions mounted.

 sudo mount /dev/sdaX /media/part1
 sudo mount /dev/sdaY /media/part2
 sudo mount /dev/sdaZ /media/part3

Mount the partitions on it's corresponding directories.

 cat /media/part1/etc/issue | cut -d' ' -f1,2
 cat /media/part2/etc/issue | cut -d' ' -f1,2
 cat /media/part3/etc/issue | cut -d' ' -f1,2

Output of any one of the commands from above will give you Ubuntu xx.xx. From that you come to know on which partition does  Ubuntu is preinstalled.


Ubuntu 18 doesn't boot after AMD driver install

You need to uninstall the drivers you manually installed and let ubuntu-drivers choose and install the right ones.

Since you can not access the terminal right now. You need to boot into recovery mode and drop to a root shell to do that.

Please follow the steps below:

Reboot your machine and hold the Shift key as soon as you pass the BIOS logo to access the GRUB boot menu. You might need to repeat this a few times until you succeed and see the boot menu.
Select advanced options and hit Enter.
Select the second option with (recovery mode) in front of it and hit Enter.
Wait until the machine boots and another menu appears. Choose the option with drop to root shell prompt in it and hit Enter.

Press Enter when it says press Enter for maintenance.

Once you are presented with a command prompt, write the following command and hit Enter (this will give you read and write access to your system):

mount -o rw,remount /

You will need now to uninstall the AMD drivers by following the corresponding instructions from the same guide.
Now you need to let ubuntu-drivers tool install the suitable driver for your card, to do so pleas write the following command and hit Enter:

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
Reboot your system.

Notice:

If Uninstall script fails in step 7. You could try How do I remove the proprietary ATI drivers? instead. However, I would strongly advise to first try the uninstall script that came with the original driver installer.
You might as well need to repair broken packages, if any, by following the steps under option #2 in this answer and also try failsafeX option if necessary.
If all goes well and your system boots normally again, you can later search for a specific compatible AMD proprietary driver and install it if you wish.

Best of luck


OpenVPN: Transporting a connection from that 'other' OS?

I posted my query here as I thought it was as simple as closing the gap in moving an OpenVPN connection from windows to Ubuntu.
That idea proved to be incorrect.
It turns out that it is a version mismatch between what Ubuntu is using now vs. what the PC at the distant location is using, that is an older version which I must travel there to update manually.
Since I cannot travel there in the present craziness, it must wait for me to do that.

In the meantime it is fortunate that I had the foresight to install the free version of Anydesk there such that I can access all EXCEPT for the OpenVPN server, and I am still able to fire up the old windows box here if I desperately need to use that connection.

The info I needed to identify that mismatch was provided at the server s/w site by a user who knew the correct & specific things to check in finding why my present OS could not log in.

Oversimplification=>
It is just too new !!


Encountering "-bash: /usr/local/bin/pip3: /usr/bin/python3.6: bad interpreter: No such file or directory" while checking the pip3 version

Run the command which python3 to show the path to the python3 executable. In the commands in step 2, I am assuming that it is the default which is /usr/bin/python3
Create a symbolic link at /usr/bin/python3.6 which references to file /usr/bin/python3.

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3.6


Browsing redirected and ad playing in background - Malware?

All answers to this question will be speculative. In that vein, I suggest experimenting with another browser. Which browser are you using? Firefox? Try Chrome. sudo apt-get install chromium-browser. Chrome? Try Firefox sudo apt-get install firefox. My guess would be some misbehaving browser extension. If so, a completely different browser would help demonstrate.


All life is doomed eventually!  ;-)

But your hard disk looks like it's got a pretty healthy life ahead of it.  Especially look at the last column: Assessment is OK everywhere!

Interpreting all of your data is going to be too broad to answer here.  For more information on SMART technology, have a look at this excellent Q&A.

On the 5 bad sectors: the time that a hard disk was manufactured without any bad sectors is long gone: nowadays they have a number of spare sectors which are swapped out automatically without you even noticing.  So yours has 5% of its spare sectors allocated already, which isn't a big deal.  Mine has 140 sectors out of 200 allocated and I'm not worried (yet)...  ;-)

Which means you still have to run back-ups!  (there are other ways to lose data then a failed hard disk)


Unable to upgrade due to many dependency issues with libc6 and util-linux

remove your Panasonic scanner driver and macchanger
their init-scripts have no lsb tag meaning
sorry debian wiki
After that
sudo dpkg --configure -a   && sudo apt -f install


Need help! How to export mysql database from a system os drive, that is not running

You can install mysql on your machine where you connected your hdd that has a database. Then change location of your database to your hdd location i.e. old database or copy the old database to the newly installed one. Finally dump it using the dump command. This tutorial may help you.


This is a screenshot of mtr 8.8.8.8 from my own actual Ubuntu computer in the Terminal:

As you can see, it also shows my IP address on my system as 0.0.0.0.  However, that's only an indicator of what IP address mtr is binding to for outgoing packets.

In computing theory, 0.0.0.0 means "Any IP address, or the Default Route".  If your computer only has one IP address, the default route that 0.0.0.0 refers to is the IP address and router your system is connected to.  The IP address therefore you're referencing has nothing to do with what you're seeing.

Now, if mtr on WSL doesn't properly show pings/packets, that's an issue between WSL and mtr and could indicate an oddity within WSL that you should probably take up with either mtr upstream or the WSL bug trackers.


How do I compare two files containing several md5 checksums to determine changed files?

I want to know if this can be done using md5sum --check? (since it normally checks for any changes in only 1 MD5 file).

No, it can't.

md5sum --check is meant to read the path to each file in the second column of the input files and check their MD5 checksum agains the checksum reported on the first column; if you want to directly compare the checksums in the two files, you'll have to compare the text files.

Using paste + AWK you could do:

paste file1 file2 | awk '{x = $1 == $3 ? "OK" : "FALSE"; print $2" "x}'

paste file1 file2: joins line N of file1 on line N of file2;
awk '{x = $1 == $3 ? "OK" : "FALSE"; print $2" "x}': if the first field is equal to the third field (i.e. the MD5 sums match), assigns "OK" to x, otherwise assigns "FALSE" to x and prints the second field (i.e. the filename) followed by the value of x.

% cat file1
5f31caf675f2542a971582442a6625f6 /root/md5filescreator/hash1.txt
4efe4ba4ba9fd45a29a57893906dcd30 /root/md5filescreator/hash2.txt
1364cdba38ec62d7b711319ff60dea01 /root/md5filescreator/hash3.txt
% cat file2
163559001ec29c4bbbbe96344373760a /root/md5filescreators/hash1.txt
4efe4ba4ba9fd45a29a57893906dcd30 /root/md5filescreators/hash2.txt
1364cdba38ec62d7b711319ff60dea01 /root/md5filescreators/hash3.txt
% paste file1 file2 | awk '{x = $1 == $3 ? "OK" : "FALSE"; print $2" "x}'
/root/md5filescreator/hash1.txt FALSE
/root/md5filescreator/hash2.txt OK
/root/md5filescreator/hash3.txt OK


To install Ubuntu from within windows, you need to use Wubi.

To use Wubi, just download it from Here.

For morre info take a look at Installing Ubuntu from within Windows.

To install Along side Windows, just choose that option when you get to the installation type screen.

For Wubi installation instructions click Here

For other installation methods click Here


Wifi disconnecting and reconnecting over and over (Ubuntu 20.04 LTS)

Try disabling power management for your wifi controller. Type that into Google or DuckDuckGo and it should bring up several articles. Look for one that explains how to make your changes permanent. You'll need to know the root password. It is not difficult.


Cant load Windows after installing Ubuntu

Try live boot again and connect to internet

and install boot-repair

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


terminal issue dotenv: source '.env' file in the directory?

Do this to disable the confirmation:

echo "ZSH_DOTENV_PROMPT=false" | tee -a ~/.zshrc

zsh will now load .env from the current directory without asking for confirmation.

If you don't need the dotenv plugin at all you can disable it like this:

sed -r 's/^(plugins=)(.*)dotenv(.*)$/\1\2\3/p' -i ~/.zshrc


How can I force chrome to save email passwords?

See the image. Do you have similar settings in the Advanced Settings section?


How can I change lxpanel digital clock font size?

No, It's not possible without compiling it with necessary patch. There has been numerous forum threads and questions already about this topic already and it seems it's the only way (and I'm not sure it's possible).

Check these forum threads:

http://www.pclinuxos.com/forum/index.php?topic=102341.0
http://forum.lxde.org/viewtopic.php?f=21&t=213

and this is the configuration LXPanel supports now. http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXPanel. You can change it to be bold, but you can't change the clock font individually for it. You must change the system font to achieve your desired font in Clock.


I want to know if its safe

Generally, operations can fail. If operations on partitions fail, it can cause data loss, so be prepared and do backups first.

  Will resizing Ubuntu partition change [...] the partition UUID

No.

  Do I need to reinstall grub after resizing the root partition?

No.

It doesn't even matter if you've installed GRUB2 into the MBR (e.g., /dev/sda, default when installing Ubuntu), or into the root partition (e.g., /dev/sda1).


Vim Vundle not allowing plugins to be installed due to errors

The problem here is that apparently Vundle is a legacy package manager for vim, and when we use the PluginSearch function, it downloads available scripts lists from vim-scripts.org. A visit to the said address reveals that the website has been discontinued:

This used to be a mirror of Vim's scripts site on Github.
It was created to allow early package managers (such as Vim Update Bundles and Vundle) to install scripts straight from GitHub *.
Now that most Vim scripts are developed on GitHub and installable straight from the source, I'm happy to say that there's no need for vim-scripts anymore.

Available scripts can now be found on https://www.vim.org/scripts/, and to install, just add Plugin 'your-required-plugin' in your .vimrc file somewhere filetype off and filetype plugin indent on.
Walkthrough
In your terminal instance, type vim ~/.vimrc. This will open the file if it exists, or create a new one if you save the changes. The following is what I have in my .vimrc, you can simply copy and paste it, and install the plugins of your choice below this comment: " add all your plugins here (note older versions of Vundle used Bundle instead of Plugin)
syntax enable
set tabstop=4
set expandtab
set autoindent

set nocompatible        " required
filetype off            " required

" set the runtime path to include Vundle and initialize
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#rc()

" alternatively, pass a path where Vundle should install plugins
"call vundle#begin('~/vimPlugins/')

" let Vundle manage Vundle, required
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'

" add all your plugins here (note older versions of Vundle used Bundle instead of Plugin)
Plugin 'python-mode/python-mode'
Plugin 'Royal-Colorschemes'
Plugin 'tmhedberg/SimpylFold'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/indentpython.vim'

" ...

" All of your Plugins must be added before the following line
call vundle#end()       " required
filetype plugin indent on   " required


Question about what snaps being sandboxed means

This reference from Technopedia should provide the information you are looking for.

reference


There are different servers from all of the top level domain name managers, each with different limits. Furthermore, many of those managing entities change the limits in relation to current load on their servers.  Some of them append a bit of time to your ban for every denied request, some don't. It's just really hard to say.

Some of the whois servers, like whois.iana.org (which holds information on all of the top level names, such as "net" and "org"), don't limit connections at all. The German one, I'm told, starts complaining after a few million requests. Some of the servers that are responsible for less well known top level names may block your access after only a few hundred requests.

If you do reach a limit and get blocked, it isn't the end of the world. You either have to wait for your ban to be lifted, or - if applicable - for your IP address to change. I would guess that a few thousand should be fine.

Maybe you'll want to put a 200ms delay between the requests, so they're spaced out over a few minutes.


Xenial

  “Xenial” means “friendly relations between hosts and guests”, and
  given all the amazing work going into LXD and KVM for Ubuntu
  OpenStack, and beyond that the interoperability of Ubuntu OpenStack
  with hypervisors of all sorts, it seems like a perfect fit.

Xerus

  The African ground squirrels, are among the most social animals in my
  home country. They thrive in the desert, they live in small, agile,
  social groups that get along unusually well with their neighbours (for
  most mammals, neighbours are a source of bloody competition, for
  Xerus, hey, collaboration is cool). They are fast, feisty, friendly
  and known for their enormous… courage. That sounds just about right.
  With great… courage… comes great opportunity!

Source


How to make taskbar panel showing in Firefox at FullScreen?

While it is said to be impossible to navigate Xfce panel, the default behaviour to cycle windows in Xfce can already show the taskbar while running an application at fullscreen.

Default behaviour: My own experience is quoted as follows.

  Simply invoke Alt+Tab and switch to other application window. The Xfce panel will automatically get focused and will remain on top of already-fullscreen Firefox.

That will work even without window button or window menu applet, as long as user switch to other non-fullscreen application window.

Alternative method: Use Xfce desktop manager command with the following option.

-W, --windowlist
       Causes an already-running instance of xfdesktop to pop up the
       window list menu at the current position of the mouse cursor.

Go to Settings > Keyboard > Application Shortcuts and click Add to include this command xfdesktop --windowlist to the shortcut list with keyboard shortcut of your choice. Then invoke the shortcut and you have a small popup, showing the list of window at any visible area.

The alternative method will not show the Xfce panel, but allows you to switch to other windows without using the popup dialog to cycle windows.

Either way would be useful enough to do multitasking in Xfce.


Ubuntu 20.0.4 - Fn-Key and Num-key not working any more on ThinkPad E15 AMD

Make sure you are on a latest Kernel (install Ubuntu MATE 20.10 or enable the hardware enablement stack or reinstall Ubuntu MATE 20.04.2)

Automatically suspend on every boot using crontab:

Edit crontab: sudo crontab -e
put this line in the file: @reboot sudo rtcwake -m mem -s 2

READY.

further reading, sources:
stackexchange duplicate
E14 Linux guide
Lenovo Forum Topic


What is this strange spontaneous Facebook/Google Chrome popup?

For me, the solution was to remove my Facebook account from the Ubuntu settings.  Why do I want Ubuntu to know about my Facebook account anyway?

System Settings -> Online Accounts --> Facebook --> Remove Account


I disabled my admin account and now I can't log in no guest account

This has been answered before.  Here is the solution.  If this helps, please mark this question as answered.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LostPassword

In addition, this user went to great lengths to explain some caveats.

How do I reset a lost administrative password?

(Sorry to paste links rather than copy/paste the solution, but these are both from official help wikis, so I find them appropriate for this instance.)

Again, if this helps, please mark this question as answered.


Nobody has yet volunteered their time and effort to package this software for Debian.
Once packaged properly in Debian, the software will sync to the next Ubuntu release.
If you want to volunteer to learn how to package software using the Debian method (that means you use apt to install/remove it), start your journey at http://mentors.debian.net


Installing tar.bz2 with no .configure but with Makefile in it

Build targui as in N0rbert's answer, then read below for getting the binary to run.

The targui segfault on startup is due to MainWindow::TabChanged from mainwindow.cpp dereferencing invalid pointers, and adding checks here allows the program to start. For instance, change newAct->setEnabled(i > 0); to if (newAct) newAct->setEnabled(i > 0);, and do the same for the other three pointers.
mainwindow.cpp contains hardcoded strings like /usr/bin/tar that might not point to extant binaries. For instance, Ubuntu's tar is in /bin, so fix them accordingly.


installing ubuntu 16.04 in bios- non UEFI

I recommend you start by understanding BIOS/CSM/legacy-mode booting vs. EFI/UEFI-mode booting. Here are some references:

Adam Williamson's blog entry on how EFI works -- This page describes the theory behind EFI-mode booting.
A question and answers on the differences between BIOS and EFI booting on Superuser.com -- This provides the basics of the preceding, but is more concise.
My page on installing Linux on EFI systems -- This page is a more practical introduction to EFI-mode booting than Adam Williamson's blog.
My page on the CSM -- This page covers the CSM, including when it's useful and when it's not.

Once you understand these differences, check your own current installation's boot mode. If the /sys/firmware/efi directory is present when you've booted it, you've booted in EFI mode; if it's absent, you've booted in BIOS mode. (Note: you must boot your regular installation; what's shown from an emergency disk indicates its boot mode, not the boot mode that would be used if you were to boot normally.)

If your computer boots nothing but Linux, you can then choose your boot mode as you see fit; however, be aware that EFI-mode booting generally works better from GPT disks, and in some cases BIOS-mode booting from GPT disks can be a bit iffy, so it's generally better to use MBR for BIOS-mode booting. If you want to preserve your existing data, it may be worth choosing your boot mode to mesh with your current partition table type.

You say you "need" only Ubuntu on your computer, but if you're currently dual-booting, it's important that you use the same boot mode for both OSes; installing one OS in BIOS mode and another in EFI mode can be done, but requires extra knowledge and hoop-jumping to get it to work.

As a general rule, I recommend EFI-mode booting on modern computers; however, older computers support nothing but BIOS-mode booting, and some of the early EFI-based computers have buggy enough EFIs that BIOS-mode may work better with them. (In fact, even some current models have buggy EFIs. I recommend returning them if they give you problems; manufacturers have had more than enough time to debug their EFIs, and those who haven't done so don't deserve your money.)


ubuntu 12.04 switch window does not change language

Go to the Keyboard layout settings and choose the option

Allow different layouts for individual windows


This worked for me

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:attente/java-non-latin-shortcuts
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
restart unity-settings-daemon


ubuntu 14.04 pulseaudio automatically module loading

If you uninstall Blueman and use Ubuntu's Bluetooth Manager you can avoid having to manually load module-bluetooth-discover every boot

This was supposed to have been fixed in 1.23-git201406261335-deb-1ubuntu1 and it seems to work on my laptop but it is possible it only works because I uninstalled the original version I had before installing this version


Dual Booting Ubuntu Alongside Windows 8.1

I regularly dual-boot.  Typically after installing Windows OS you have to rebuild the grub bootloader.

I install an Ubuntu Live CD and fire that up in Repair mode.  You will see an option there to repair grub.  Ubuntu does its thing and afterwards you get a menu to pick the OS you want to boot into.


Different context menus on desktop in two Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS 64-bit installations

It turned out that the situation was caused by different versions of the file manager Nemo on the two separate computers. On Latitude I had a PPA which was activated and pointed to the latest release of Nemo together with Dropbox integration capabilities. However, I lacked that inXPSso an older version of -version 1.8.4-1.1- was installed compared to the newer version inLatitude` -version 2.4.4-2~webupd8~trusty0- was installed. After I deactived the PPA, purged Nemo then proceed on installing it again every context menu was the same on both computers.


How do you properly install NVIDIA driver on Ubuntu 18.10

Run on Terminal software-properties-gtk
Go to "Additional Driver" tab.
Select NVIDIA Driver and click on apply changes.

When completed reboot.


How can I run Rstudio from my Windows subsystem for Ubuntu?

WSL (Ubuntu) does not have a GUI!

The Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is only command line. That means it can only run programs that have a text based interface. R for Linux is text based. Rstudio is a graphical user interface for R. You may be able to run R in WSL. I have not tried it.

However, without considerable tweaking it is not possible to run any software in WSL that needs a GUI. See What's the easiest way to run GUI apps on WSL as of 2018?

Both R and Rstudio is available for Windows. You may want to use those versions.

Hope this helps


How do I make the webcam work with flash 10.2.161.23?

It works here for example: http://www.xarg.org/project/jquery-webcam-plugin/
It's not working on tinychat so maybe it's a but on tiny's side.


How do I install CUDA 10.0 on Ubuntu 18.10

According to CUDA 10 documentation Ubuntu 18.04 is supported only (different Kernel version).


Wireless roaming across multiple access points

Roaming depends on the platform.

All platforms will remember the TCP/IP settings for the SSID.

So auto connect/roaming is the only hurdle you have to cross.
This link should help you with your roaming tuning: https://askubuntu.com/a/182039/180773


How do I allow multiple ports simultaneously in UFW?

You can allow multiple (TCP or UDP) ports in this way:

ufw allow 22,25,80,443,9000/tcp

Or you can add a range of ports in this way (source and more explanations):

ufw allow 11200:11299/tcp

For more complicated configurations you can create a custom configuration files that could contain one or more custom profiles. For example  (man ufw; complete example):

$ cat /etc/ufw/applications.d/my-custom-profiles

[MyCustomProfile]
title=Some title
desctiption=Some description
ports=22,25,80,443/tcp|9000,9005:9007/tcp

You can allow any profile in this way:

ufw allow MyCustomProfile


When I run studio.sh then applications begins to install Android Studio and downloads android-sdk again.

It seems that Android Studio is unable to write its own configuration, normally in .AndroidStudio{version} folder in your home directory.

Download Android Studio package from: http://tools.android.com/download/studio/builds/android-studio-2-2-stable

let's say to on Desktop and run it using ./bin/studio.sh.

Check if problem still matters

Also close Android Studio, go to your home directory, press CTRL+H to see hidden files and delete .android and .AndroidStudio{version} folders, they would be recreated on next run


you can use nm-tool, to check which DNS-server you are using right know.

just run nm-tool without any parameters. Here is the interesting part from the output:

[...]
IPv4 Settings:
    Address:         192.168.5.126
    Prefix:          24 (255.255.255.0)
    Gateway:         192.168.5.1

    DNS:             192.168.5.1


Startup Applications with zsh and xmonad

sorry realised i put it n the comment:
http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Xmonad/Frequently_asked_question#Startup_programs try using the .xsession file


Ubuntu 20.04 can't boot from flash pendrive

After disable the PPT configuration from BIOS I was allowed to boot from the flash memory stick and finished the installation process.

My laptop is a Dell Inspiron 7460.
Intel Core i5-7200U CPU.
NVidia GeForce 940MX (driver Nouveau).


Make sure you have the Universe repo enabled

sudo add-apt-repository universe

and you have updated your package lists

sudo apt-get update

Then try installing screensaver.


Does apt have a directory where it stores all downloads?

Yes, there is such directory. That's /var/cache/apt/archives/

Note that there is a subtle difference between apt and apt-get in the fact that apt doesn't cache packages by default in 16.04. This can be amended by setting Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages to true in /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01keep-debs file. As root user , do:

echo 'Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages "true";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01keep-debs

See also.


I dont locate mysql directory after installation

Resolved:

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty universe'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install mysql-server-5.6 * see note below if you get an error
sudo apt install mysql-client-5.6


When I run Google Chrome I get a strange message about ALSA

Looks like this issue also effects Skype

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Skype#B._Making_ALSA_.2B_dMix_work_for_Skype

try that workaround


You need a console to be able to execute shell commands. If you are using gnome-terminal you can execute a command with -e - so try to assign your command like:

gnome-terminal -e 'top'


I assume you have Ubuntu 64bit installed!

Go to the folder:

cd cpdf-binaries-master/Linux-Intel-64bit

Now launch the command:

./cpdf --help

If you want the command to be available everywhere on the system:

sudo cp cpdf /usr/local/bin/

or what I do

cp cpdf ~/bin/


After Cloning my 80gb hdd to a 1tb hdd, ubunutu reads it as the 80gb.

The image you wrote to the new HDD is of an 80 GB partition so the computer sees only an 80 GB partition. You should use something like GParted to resize the 80 GB partition to use the whole 1 TB drive, or whatever portion you want to use that is.


vsftpd any password work for local users

My vsftpd works correctly and doesn't allow any random password to be used. Here is the output of my configuration files.

# cat /etc/vsftpd.conf | grep -ve "^#.*"
listen=YES
anonymous_enable=NO
write_enable=YES
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
dirmessage_enable=YES
use_localtime=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem
local_enable=YES

# cat /etc/pam.d/vsftpd | grep -ve "^#.*"
auth    required        pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/ftpusers onerr=succeed
@include common-account
@include common-session
@include common-auth
auth    required        pam_shells.so

Hopefully that helps.


If the attacker has physical access to system, which they need to change the kernel parameters, it's a lost cause without encryption.

However, I guess you can limit that particular method (init=/arbitrary/command), by commenting out these lines in the kernel source, and compiling your own kernel:

if (execute_command) {
    ret = run_init_process(execute_command);
    if (!ret)
        return 0;
    panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).",
          execute_command, ret);
}

I haven't tested it, so no guarantees.

Related:

Why does Linux allow init=/bin/bash?
Red hat mailing list discussion


Sound support Ubuntu 14.04 vs Lubuntu 14.04

For some users IF you want an easy way to switch to hdmi as the sound device. Install the pavucontrol package may use up a little more resoucres than lubuntu out of the box to change the sound output device and on the volume control in the panel you can select your hdmi output if you had a monitor with pictures. Although sometimes if you misconfigure asound.conf that can break sound.


If when you shut down your system, the network connection light on your network adapter remains on and your router is left on, then the reason for this, is Wake on LAN.  Since you had shut your system down from Windows, you have to go to your network card settings on Windows and disable it so that your network adapter is switched off too when you shut down your system.


Mangled and flickering graphics on Yoga 910 with 1920x1080 resolution

As per this bug, the problem seems to be associated with a power saving feature of the GPU. Disabling this feature through the kernel parameter i915.enable_rc6=0 completely fixed the problem for me.

In my travels, I also found another kernel parameter people have also used to fix screen flickering issues (i915.enable_psr=0), however I didn't need this one.


Alpha AWUS036H, failed to increase txpower

Problem solved, using CRDA and wireless-regbd !
https://blog.binaryfactory.ca/2012/09/setting-txpower-as-high-as-your-card-can-go/


sharing internet between network interfaces

Lubuntu comes with Network-manager, which makes this very easy. Click on the network icon in your panel, and select Edit connections.

In the dialog that appears, select the wired interface and click Edit. In the IPv4-settings pane in the new dialog, you can select Method: "Shared with other computers".

Any internet connection will now be shared on your wired connection, complete with DHCP.


Encryption bad password problem with Dell inspiron 7566

It seems that the layout of the keyboard was wrong, from a live USB i changed the encryption passphrase to numbers only, this solved the problem.

I believe that the problem is related to the initramfs configuration. When using the initramfs bussy box i could not write English characters. From the layout of initramfs the us value was second regarding the layout(i don't know for sure if this was before the upgrade or if this is the root of the issue).


Is it possible to provide "if" and "else" syntaxis in Ubuntu terminal?

$ if [ 'a' = 'b' ]; then echo 'Equal'; else echo 'Not equal'; fi
Not equal
$


Getting a “No EFI System Partition” error when trying to dual boot install Ubuntu 20.04 on a computer with Windows 10 already installed

Original poster here - if you have this issue, it is very likely due to Windows 10 being installed in Legacy/BIOS mode, where Ubuntu and Linux Mint are trying to install in UEFI mode.  In order to properly dual boot a system, each install needs to be done in the same way; meaning each install either has to done in Legacy/BIOS mode, or each has to be done in UEFI mode.  If you do manage to get both of them installed in different modes, it will be near impossible to switch from one OS to the other (so don't try it like I did... haha), because they use different startup paths to boot, seen here:

What I found to be the easiest solution for this problem was to halt the install for Ubuntu (or any other Linux distro where this problem could happen) and open up Windows.  In Windows 10, you can actually go through a process to change your system from a Legacy/BIOS format to a UEFI format. Here is a guide on how to do this, which includes checking to see if your Windows disk is in MBR format or not, which will clarify whether your Windows installation is in Legacy/BIOS mode or UEFI.  As the guide says, please backup any important data you may have before changing your disk to UEFI.  If you don't want to change your Windows disk to UEFI, go to the last paragraph.  I found a guide that shows you how to create boot partitions for Legecy/BIOS installations.
Once you change your disk to UEFI, run the install for your Linux distribution again from your bootable USB.  You should actually then see the option for "Install alongside Windows Boot Manager" like this:

You may of course choose this option, or just manually partition the drive with the "Something Else" option if you are comfortable with it.  If you chose "Something Else" here, you will not have to create an EFI file as there is already one on your drive now.  This should work now for Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and any other Linux distribution trying to install in UEFI mode.
Once you are done with the install, you should have a system that can dual boot into either Windows or Linux.  It will ask you upon startup which system you want to go into, and all you have to do is make your selection!
Hope this helps anyone who ran into issues like I did.
If you don't want to change your Windows drive to UEFI: Hilariously enough, just after typing up this question/solution I found another guide that goes over the full Ubuntu install from start to finish, and even has a section (7b) where they go over how to partition an Ubuntu drive for Legacy/BOIS mode - which I didn't even know you could do.  This may be worth a try if you are particularly against changing your Windows system to UEFI mode, but keep in mind, UEFI mode is newer and has advantages over Legacy/BOIS mode for dual booting.  It will probably be better for your machine going forward to change to UEFI if you plan on installing more operating systems to dual boot, or triple boot, etc.


It is true that you can install software in a live session of Ubuntu, when booting from a USB stick (called a Live CD). Where it stores it depends on which kind of USB stick you have made (persistent or non-persistent, as you mention yourself). To provide a complete answer, I will mention both options below.

If the standard, non-persistent session is used, it makes a file system in the RAM, which can be used until RAM space runs out. All changes will be deleted when rebooting the system.

What can also be done though is to use a persistent USB drive, where a certain amount of space is allocated on the USB drive itself. This space can be used for saving configurations and installed software and save it, making it available again when booting from the USB next time.


You may have to change "desktop specific" applications (e.g. Nautilus to Gnome, Dolphin to KDE, ...) via the desktop specific control applications.
So for Gnome use gnome-control-center and for KDE systemsettings and set the default applications.


See what works for me:

delete the both printers... and turn all off
click on install a new printer... and turn the first one on
see that printer appear on device list. Install it but on device name put something like "Printer-01" and repeat it on description.
do the same in second printer but now put "Printer-02" in name and repeat on description

Easy and works for me.


How to create a png with transparent background in inkscape?

That's actually Inkscape's default.

Open File → Document Properties and click the Background colour option. Make sure the alpha channel is 0 as so:

Go to File → Export Bitmap (Shift+Ctrl+E) and save the file with a .png extension.

You're done.


Request failed for pin 180 on live USB boot

We solved our issue by updating the BIOS. The initial version was "1.1.1". We updated to "1.2.1".

The error message still appears for a brief moment (so it's just a warning in fact) but we get the screen allowing to chose to try or install Kubuntu. In order to start the live USB session ("try kubuntu"), we have to select "Start Kubuntu (Safe Graphics)" at the very start of the boot.

Unfortunately, it seems that we can't install the system at the moment because this model does not allow to switch the SATA operations to "AHCI". It prevents Linux from seeing the hard drive. There's a Dell thread about this issue : https://www.dell.com/community/Inspiron/Not-able-to-set-SATA-operation-to-AHCI-in-BIOS-Inspiron-7490/td-p/7393794


How to open my external hard drive, which is locked by password.exe file in ubuntu?

It seems your external drive is 'encrypted' with some proprietary software, and since we don't know what type of encryption it uses, it is difficult to decode without using the original software.

Wine will indeed run your software, but it has no idea about the external device (it has no access directly to devices in Linux, it uses filesystem access).

To solve your problem you could either:

Install Windows in a Virtual machine on Ubuntu. You could use Virtmanager or VirtualBox. Either of these will let you configure your USB device as being attached to the  virtual machine. Unfortunately, that means going through the trouble of installing Windows
If you have access to a Windows machine, you could run the software on there to unlock the drive.

Sadly, whichever way you do it, you will have to copy the files off the drive, reformat it and copy them back on if you want to use it natively with Linux, unless anyone else happens to know exactly what method this particular software uses to encrypt the files


I am facing the same problem, although on Ubuntu 18.04.1.  A temporary, but annoying, workaround I've found is to keep reactivating the touchpad with the F7 key:  that is, you press the (Fn, F7) once and then again after which the touchpad and the mousepointer seem to work.
Will be glad to know of a more permanent fix.


You have to reinstall GNOME to available version,

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop

Remember to choose LightDM when prompted for it during the installation. Use Tab to move between the choices and Enter to confirm your selection.

Once installed, log out of the system and click on the Ubuntu icon besides the login field. Choose GNOME from the drop down:


How to recover files lost during cut and paste

Thanks to @pLumo I managed to restore the file in question.
Since the file was deleted once it was (apparently successfully?) copied, I used testdisk tool to view the usb drive's contents, where the file was before this unfortunate cut&paste procedure started.
Unlike some others, this utility imitates a GUI, so navigating it was rather easy. Still its best to read documentation first.
When I saw the file I wanted to restore, I also noticed a few other files. Initially I selected them all and used the tool to copy them to another place. It didn't work for the file in question. I proceeded to copy the file alone, and it did work!
Another lesson to base backup strategy on abundance.

What happened to the place to where the file was moved? This mystery will be left aside for a while, until I replace the backups to a safer storage unit.


How to remove image boundary in libreOffice Writer

Have a look at the following screenshots, where the same image is put twice in the text, using different settings.
Selecting the right image, then right clicking on it, then selecting Properties..., you get the Properties window where there are two things to notice:

Wrap → Spacing defines the blank space between image object and text.

Borders → Spacing to Contents defines the blank space between the image border and the image

Putting all those spacings to zero, leaves no blank space between the image and the text.
You can also try adjusting all other border attributes to your needs.


Compress all the files inside a folder with 7zip

as an example to compress every individual .jpg
cd dir/

for f in `ls -1 *.jpg` ;
do
     7z a  "$f.7z" "$f" ;
done


Actually, the best way to use crontab is by using crontab itself:

crontab -l  # list current crontab entries

crontab -e  # edit the cron table

As soon as you finish editing the crontab (via 'crontab -e'), it is activated, and will fire off whatever was set whenever it was set to fire off.

Note that the machine must be running for crontab to work. If you want something more flexible, you can look at anacron(8).


Problem installing additional packages in ns2

The ns2 build prerequisites :

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install g++ autoconf make libtool libxmu-dev

     ## Older Ubuntu's : libtool-bin

( build-essential will install g++, make. Easier to type just g++ make )

Also useful : sudo apt-get install xgraph

NAM : http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-newbie-8/ns-stop-couldn%27t-execute-nam-permission-denied-while-executing-exec-nam-4175524760/#2


Grub2 with BURG: duplicate Windows entries, how do I remove one?

You are correct that Windows 7 puts it's "boot" partition on /dev/sda1 by default, but it is possible to get Win 7 to put the everything on its "root" partition too -- e.g. by installing to a pre-formatted NTFS partition.

Perhaps you have tweaked Windows in the past such that the bootloader/bootable flag went on /dev/sda2? Can you successfully boot from both Windows entries? If so, it's safe to delete one of them.

How to remove the entries

  Danger!

  This may make your Windows unbootable; to follow the steps below you'll have to insert sudo where appropriate and make sure the NTFS partition is mounted read-write beforehand.

cd /mnt/where-o-where-my-ntfs-be
rm -rf bootmgr Boot BOOTSECT.BAK Recovery
cd && umount /mnt/ntfs1
update-grub

That should do it - obviously I haven't tried on my dual-boot system(s). Please let me know if it doesn't work and I'll either give you more dangerous methods or maybe look in the grub source to see how it detects Windows partitions for a definitive answer.


If you try the Android Dropbox app, you'll notice the behaviour is the same. Imagine automatically downloading (syncing) all the gigabytes of data you have in U1 to your phone :) Usually, that's not what you'd expect on a mobile device. Partial sync will come at some point, though.