Most times Ubuntu doesn't see my second HD

I don't have enough points to leave a comment, so will just ask you some questions here in the answer section, and I'll make some suggestions:

When you say "most times" it doesn't see your second hard drive, does that mean that sometimes it does?
Is your second hard drive an external drive you're plugging in to a USB port?
How is the drive formatted? Do you know if it's NTFS or EXT4 or something else?

Some things you can try:

If it's an external drive, try to get one of those USB cables that has two USB connectors that plug in to your computer (one is to boost the amount of power to the device).
Get a terminal up and enter the following to see what drives (and partitions) are available:

sudo lsblk -f

Do you see your drive listed there? If so, what is the NAME, FSTYPE and UUID?

If the results from (2) above are:

NAME: sdb1
FSTYPE: ntfs
UUID: 04153E43129F3EDA

You could (while still in the terminal) create a mount point in your /mnt directory using:

sudo mkdir /mnt/drive2

From here, mount the partition using:

sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/sdb1 /mnt/drive2

You should then be able to use Nautilus to navigate to /mnt/drive2 to see the files on that NTFS partition. Of course, use the appropriate mount type (-t). For example, if your drive is partitioned with the EXT4 filesystem, using:

sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/drive2

Once you have figured out you can manually mount your partition(s) as above, you can then permanently add the mount in your /etc/fstab, but first "unmount" the partition:

sudo umount /mnt/drive2

Then use a text editor to modify /etc/fstab:

sudo vi /etc/fstab

then add the line:

UUID=04153E43129F3EDA   /mnt/ntfs      ntfs      defaults 0 2

Save the file and quit back to the terminal (by pressing : then w then q then ), then run "mount all" using:

sudo mount -a

Just to recap:

To manually mount, you'll need a) the name of the partition, and b) the FSTYPE (filesystem type).
To add a permanent mount, you'll need a) the name of the partition, b) the FSTYPE (filesystem type), and c) the UUID of the partition.


Why doesn't Wolfram Workbench work on 64-bit Ubuntu?

It's a 32-bit executable which requires the ia32-libs compatibility package on 64-bit Ubuntu. Fix your problem with the below and then try running it again:

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs


Yes your last line shouldn't contain a comma , since it's the last line and no more variables will come after it. so the code should look like this:

CREATE TABLE names (
    name char(40) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
    message varchar(100) NOT NULL,
    IPv4 char(50) NOT NULL,
    browser char(20) NOT NULL,
    date datetime NOT NULL,
    time int NOT NULL
);

Note that the last line, time NOT NULL doesn't have a comma at the end.

MYSQL aren't very helpful with there error messages they mostly tell you that you need to read your code again until you get it right.

Also you haven't told MYSQL what sort of data will go into these fields. Is it a char or a number? You need to specify this like, data int primary key or data2 char(40) not null. On int's you don't need to specify the length of the variable but on chars you do.


Notifications on both screens in Ubuntu 18.04

In lieu of being able to find a better solution after dealing with this problem myself, I've made a workaround, though it's not precisely what OP asked for (it only shows a notification on the screen your cursor is on). It shouldn't be too difficult to hack other functionality into this, and it's short enough that everything it does can be quickly perused to verify it doesn't have any malicious code [one python file, and a one-line bash script], in contrast to the forks of notify-send that other people have made).

https://github.com/hillcjames/NotificationAmplifier

It listens for calls to notify-send (without intercepting them), and prints out the call's message on an image. The image will (should) popup on whatever screen is active, and close itself after 5 seconds.

This also keeps a log of notification messages, in a text file in the folder from which the command is run.

git clone git@github.com:hillcjames/NotificationAmplifier.git
cd ./NotificationAmplifier

sudo apt-get install python-pip

pip install opencv-python
pip install Pillow
sudo apt-get install wmctrl
sudo apt-get install xdotool

Start it python ./amplifyNotifications.py, and just let it run.


startup problem : the disk drive /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 is not ready yet or not present

This made me double take the first time I saw it too.

This isn't really a problem, since everything still works. The script that sets up encryption is just impatient, and it will do what it is supposed to once cryptswap is ready. I suggest we leave alone and wait for the updates to fix it.


how to create a launcher for software installed inside root directory

Try this! In terminal,

whereis <program name>

After that, it would show the path of this program.

For instance,

$ whereis vi
vi: /usr/bin/vi /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1.gz

Now, you can run it via above path.

If it need root permission, just add sudo to the front of the command.


How to fetch fasta sequences if name line matches from another file

Okay, this is a slightly complicated grep you want to do. In the past, I've written programs in Perl to do this but there is actually a fairly straightforward shell usage to do it.
First, grep can't do multi-line matches so we'll need a grep-like tool that can. pcregrep is like grep but has multi-line functionality as suggested on stackoverflow.

sudo apt-get install pcregrep

To do this we have to accomplish the following steps.

1) Add escape characters to all of the special characters in your id file.

sed 's/[^a-zA-Z 0-9]/\\&/g' id_file.txt > search_file.txt

I got this rather amazing bit of sed wizardry from unix.com - shell scripting.

2) Next we add the rest of our search pattern to the end of the line.

sed -i 's/\>$/\$\[^\>\]\*/' search_file.txt

Modified from stack exchange and shellhacks.

3) Finally, we can use this search file as the input to pcregrep with the fasta file to select our desired sequences.

pcregrep -M -f search_file.txt sequences.fasta

As stated by @DavidForester in you previous question but now using pcregrep for multi-line matching.

Bringing it all together; we can do everything as a (slightly complicated) one liner like this.

sed 's/[^a-zA-Z 0-9]/\\&/g' id_file.txt | sed 's/\>$/\$\[^\>\]\*/'| pcregrep -M -f /dev/stdin sequences.fasta

This has the advantage of not requiring an additional file.

Briefly, we pipe the output between the commands to get the proper search strings and then pipe this to pcregrep using the -f /dev/stdin flag. My testing shows this to produce exactly the output you are requesting. I wish I'd been able to come up with this when I needed it two years ago!


Cannot bootstrap due to ""precise" images in RegionOne with arches [amd64 i386]" error

You need to create a simplestreams file for your cloud. The simplest way for now is to use the juju image-metadata command.

Depending on your version of juju-core, it will be juju image-metadata or juju-metadata generate-image. The parameters are the same and I hope they are self explanatory. You can source your openrc.sh file before running it and it will take most parameters from the environment.

You need to have an image already uploaded into your cloud. See the output of the glance list command and pick a precise 64bits image.

The metadata command will give you two files: index.json and imagemetadata.json. You need to upload these to a bucket called juju-dist, and a path called streams/v1. Like this:

First, create the bucket:

swift post juju-dist

Now give it the proper ACLs:

swift post juju-dist -r '.r:*'

And now upload the generated files:

swift upload juju-dist/streams/v1 imagemetadata.json index.json

Now point your public-bucket-uri config parameter from your environments.yaml file to your object storage url. To find it, run keystone catalog and look for the publicURL address inthe Service: object-store block. That's what you will put in your juju public-bucket-url config parameter.

Now you should be able to bootstrap juju with a precise 64bit image (use series: precise in your environments.yaml file), assuming you have taken care of the tools.

More information:

https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/juju-dev/2013-August/001324.html


Did you wait for the persistence file to be created?

If not, this is a reasonable error since the file will be corrupt. That's why it worked when you used the option "Discard changes".

Mind that for a 4Gb persistence file it takes about 10 minutes to write it in a USB 2.0.


Simple app for making Question answer pair table that could be exported in csv format?

In LibreOffice Calc, press F2 and then paste. This is similar to your answer in the comments but uses an extra keystroke instead of double-clicking.

Alternatively, a reliable 2 key combination method is to press Ctrl+Shift+V and then Enter to paste unformatted.

In Writer, this can be done with a single key combination, Ctrl+Shift+Alt+V. However, Calc seems better suited to your needs, and this combination does not work in Calc.

Note that on Windows, no import dialog is displayed. Instead, it is pasted as HTML instead of plain text by default.


Software center not loading software lists

Try running in terminal:

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get update

From updated comments as posted below, received the removal command fix from here.


Gnome-terminal in Kubuntu shrinks to minimum size

I found the answer.  According to the GNOME bugtracker, there's a bug with how the gnome-terminal window handles geometry. Ref: https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=649680

The answer is also there, towards the bottom. I'll clarify and paraphrase it here:

In KDE, go to System Settings.  Return to the overview if you are not already there.
In the Workspace Appearance and Behavior section, click Window Behavior.
In the area to the left, click the Window Rules icon. Add a new rule.  The Description should be "Shrinking gnome-terminal workaround".  Click the 2nd tab, "Size & Position".  Then click the bottom checkbox option, "Obey geometry restrictions", to "Force", and then set the radio button to "No".  Once you hit OK, it won't work until you hit "Apply" on the parent window.

Now terminals won't shrink anymore.

Hope that helps someone.


permissions denied for an external hard disk

A more detailed answer:

1) If you intend to leave this drive attached to the system and want it available to other users:

$ sudo umount /mnt
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/maxtor
$ sudo echo "/dev/sdb1 /mnt/maxtor ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1" >> /etc/fstab
$ sudo mount /mnt/maxtor
$ sudo chmod 1777 /mnt/maxtor
$ sudo chown -R <you>:<your group> /mnt/maxtor/*

Now, any user should be able to create files on the drive but you can only delete/modify files you own.

2) If this drive is only for your use:

$ sudo umount /mnt

Unplug the drive and plug it back in. The drive should automagically mount at /media/<you>/<drive name>, and it will only be accessible by you.


How can I connect my Lenovo s850 with Ubuntu 14.4?

I assume you just want to connect the phone to your computer to browse its contents. Typically the file system will be mounted just by connecting the phone to the PC using a cable provided with your charger. For both Windows and Ubuntu no executable is needed to do this as all android devices that I know of are plug in and play, if not the Drivers are automatically installed upon connecting, Perhaps the executable is some sort of useless bloatware that Lenovo wants you to install?

Another possible reason you device may not be accessible is that MTP is disabled in your settings. To resolve this, go to your Settings > Storage and in the upper right corner there should be three small dots, tap these. They will bring up "USB computer connection". Press it and make sure the box next to Media device (MTP) is checked.


How can I show the connecting line in treeview of nautilus?

Nautilus has an option for enabling tree view.  To enable it open: View -> Sidebar and select tree.


Please help restore my crashed launcher/compizconfig

This works for me.

If you're 'locked out' like you explain, then you can use keyboard shortcuts to gain some control. (This helped me when I lost Unity and GUI components.)

For instance:

Ctrl + Alt + F4  - Will let you gain terminal access.

or

Ctrl + Alt + Delete  - Will log you out.

When you're logged out and at the pretty login screen, choose Ubuntu 2D.

When you're logged into Ubuntu 2D, you can go back into CompizConfig and readjust.

What you need to do is disable CUBE and ROTATE, and enable UNITY and DESKTOP WALL.

If you experience crashes after checking or unchecking DESKTOP CUBE, this just checking them in different orders... you'll get it.

You can also go to Preferences >> Reset to Defaults. [This might solve your particular issue.]

I still haven't figured out how to properly get DESKTOP CUBE going with 11.10 .


You are using the uck-2.4.5 which has problems, I am using the .deb version which works, simply use this command to install:

sudo apt-get install uck


Is it safe to delete preinstalled MySQL databases like INFORMATION_SCHEMA?

INFORMATION_SCHEMA, PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA and mysql (and possibly more) are special system tables in MySQL. Please refer to the MySQL documentation on this. One excerpt:

  Usage Notes for the INFORMATION_SCHEMA Database

  INFORMATION_SCHEMA is a database within each MySQL instance, the place that stores information about all the other databases that the MySQL server maintains. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA database contains several read-only tables. They are actually views, not base tables, so there are no files associated with them, and you cannot set triggers on them. Also, there is no database directory with that name.

So, no, don't attempt to delete them. You need them in order to have a functional MySQL installation. Moreover, they're probably protected from any regular way of deleting/altering them.


Flash drives sadly do not last forever, they can easily fail and become unusable or even unmountable...  Try your flash-drive in a different USB port, then in another computer entirely to make sure it is the flash-drive that's the problem..


Install Windows on a usb flash drive from Ubuntu

Do you mean that you would run Windows from inside Ubuntu? Then you would need to use virtualbox. Download it and run it, and create a vdi file. Then put the file into your usb, point the virtualbox at it, (or make another machine with the existing vdi file), and you would be good to go.


Slow VNC / Desktop Sharing Performance from Windows to 13.10

Many VNC servers are slow, I advise you look at FreeNX.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FreeNX

For the windows sever/client go to : http://www.nomachine.com/

FreeNX is both faster and more secure (IMO) then VNC


Difference between mount and /etc/fstab approaches

/etc/fstab is for permanent automatic mounting (unless you use noauto flag) of devices at boot time. If your USB device will stay plugged in all the time, use this method. Big suggestion,though: use UUID of the device (because device files such as /dev/sdXY change and aren't permanent ) as given by sudo blkid command. For instance, here's how I mount my second hard drive:

# The 400 GB partition on the native HDD
UUID=8e344ab1-5eb5-4e20-becd-4147fffd439f /mnt/HDD ext4 noatime,nodiratime,rw

If you intend to mount the USB device on demand, use mount command.
It can be somewhat complicated and requires root privilege.

Suggested method for mounting

Ubuntu comes with udisksctl command, which allows mounting partitions without  need for root privilege. It mounts to specific directory for your user in /media directory. Usage is simple:

udisksctl mount -b /dev/sda2

Or with UUID.

udisksctl  mount -b /dev/disk/by-uuid/8e344ab1-5eb5-4e20-becd-4147fffd439f

Additional info

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticallyMountPartitions


Where can I find the python Tools directory?

The Tools/scripts files are installed with the python2.7-examples package, in Ubuntu. They are located in the /usr/share/doc/python2.7/examples/Tools/scripts directory once the package is installed.


I want to install Xen to run Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7 at the same time but I can't find any good tutorials

What you are looking for is called PCI or VGA passthrough. Xen allows you to pass through a physical device like a USB host or a graphics card to your guest, in your case Windows 7. Doing so gives you native/near-native performance when using the guest OS.

BUT, to do that you need compatible hardware:

The CPU must support VT-d (Intel) or AMD-Vi / IOMMU (AMD).
The motherboard and BIOS also must support VT-d ...
The graphics adapter must be VGA passthrough compatible - if it's an AMD, chances are good, if it's Nvidia, then the professional Quadro 2000 and higher cards should work, or perhaps an older card. Look here Xen VGA passthrough Tested Adapters for a start, but this list is not complete.

You may want to look here HOW-TO make dual-boot obsolete for a Linux Mint 13 based tutorial, which should work (almost) unaltered for Ubuntu 12.04.

Just make absolutely sure you got the right hardware!


To change password, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

sudo passwd <User_Name>
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully

Note: <User_Name>, refers to the user that was created at the time of installing Ubuntu.


Black screen after changing rate clock for external monitor

I found out that no solution on the Internet really worked; some stuff even got worse when GUI stopped working completely even after reinstalling it. And as nobody has replied here, I have a simple solution.

If you get to the same issue as I got, the only working solution for me was reinstalling the system. However, as data in /home can be kept, it is not such a huge issue (even when the installation software does not look like it would like to keep the data).

Anyway, I am not going to mark this as the best answer. Maybe somebody in the future faces the same issue and finds some working solution. Or the person can do the same as I did; start from the beginning again.


Grub menu not showing up on boot after firmware update

According to comments above, it seems that several ways can be used to solve the issue.
In case the EFI System Partition - ESP has been marked as hidden, this flag has to be removed in order to run boot-repair.
You may also have to unlock secure boot in BIOS in order to run boot-repair.
Bottom line, boot-repair is the a solution, but running it may require some preliminary actions.


Those options are not for choosing. They have to match with the security type your Wi-Fi access point uses. If your router uses WPA you have to use WPA. If it uses WEP , you have to use WEP. If you were to talk to someone in Spanish, but they only understand German, you wouldn't have much conversation, right ? Same idea here.

Unless you're doing anything advanced or special (like setting static IP), you don't have to change that by hand - when you connect to access point, computer and router will agree on those settings. If you were to modify your router settings, then you would have to edit your connection on Ubuntu as well, although even then you can simply delete the connection info ( which works like "Forget this network" option on Android ) and reconnect again - the settings will be stored automatically.


Ubuntu 12.04-2 on Apple Xserv early 2008

Try nomodeset as a kernel option.

If that fails, try a BIOS-mode boot, if your model supports that (I'm not sure if Apple server models do).


SSH was not designed for such on-demand access. However, if shell access (or file transfer) is the only thing you've to worry about, you've to restrict the possibilities for SSH and add a script that does not launch a shell unless you allow to.

For the SSH limiting part, I took a part of How to create a restricted SSH user for port forwarding?. Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config and add:

Match user your-username
    AllowAgentForwarding no
    ForceCommand ~/bin/ssh-confirm

Create the executable ~/bin/ssh-confirm (mode 755) and create a script/ program in the language at your choice that make you need to confirm before dropping a SSH shell, e.g.:

#!/bin/bash
confirmfile="$HOME/allow-ssh-for-pid-$$"
if [ -f "$confirmfile" ]; then
    echo "Old confirmation file found for the SSH session, exiting!"
    exit 1
fi
# wait for a grant for 30 seconds before giving up
for ((i=0; i<30; i++)); do
    if [ -f "$confirmfile" ]; then
        rm "$confirmfile"
        exec "$SHELL"
    fi
    sleep 1
done
echo "SSH access timed out."
exit 1

This would require you to create the file "allow-ssh-for-pid-$$" where $$ is the pid of the script executed from SSH. You can use ps, pidof, etc for determining the PID. Of course, it could be more sophisticated like alerting you through notify, but I'll assume that people will give you a ring if they try to access you.

Also, I assume you trust the people you grant SSH access. If not, create a separate user (without sudo permissions of course ;) ) and store the ssh-confirm on a place like /usr/local/bin and store access tokens somewhere else.

SSH login attempts (and logouts) are logged to /var/log/auth.log. Run w to get a list of logged in users (note: you'll get multiple entries for terminals you open on your machine, pay attention to the FROM column).


I'm sorry to say that you need either to remember that password or start over with a new wallet. This is how you start a new wallet:

  rm ~/.kde/share/apps/kwallet/kdewallet.kwl


There is no official way to upgrade to 15 from 14.04. You would have had to upgrade to 14.10 first. You can try the terminal code below to regain access to files however you may have simply broken/damaged them or the distribution in general.

To change your user id using a live cd.  In a terminal (Ctl Alt T)

   find / -uid 999 -exec chown -h 1000 {} +

Try running this in root

sudo -i


Keep needing to restart Network Manager for wifi to work

To fix this, you are going to remove and reinstall your kernel WiFi Device driver

First you need to find your WiFi device driver module name using lshw

lshw -C network

you will get a lot more output that this, but the key lines are:

*-network
  description: Wireless interface
 . . .
 configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=5.3.0-40-generic firmware=17.3216344376.0 ip=10.127.128.165 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11

or

 configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 firmware=rtl8168g-2_0.0.1 02/06/13 latency=0

you are looking for the driver name in this case driver=iwlwifi or driver=r8169
Now, using the driver name, do the restart:

sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi && sudo modprobe iwlwifi

Make a shell script to do this for you, because, if you are like me, you will forget these steps, and when you need them it will be when your wireless adapter is not working.

A. edit a file somewhere in you search path, like ${HOME}/bin/resetWireless  adding contents that do this:

#!/bin/bash
sudo lshw -C network | grep capabilities | grep driver
echo if that last command did not say that the driver is iwlwifi then change the next line
sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi && sudo modprobe iwlwifi
## This is from https://askubuntu.com/questions/1169349/keep-needing-to-restart-network-manager-for-wifi-to-work

B. make the file executable with:

% chmod +x ${HOME}/bin/resetWireless

if this works for you, please head over to the place I got it and +up the answer there, because this is a repeat of woulter's answer from
How to restart WiFi interface without rebooting (it drops connection)?
edited Dec 16 '16 at 8:21
answered Feb 9 '16 at 16:51
Wouter


In a terminal window, dpkg --get-selections will list all the packages in your local database, with either "install" or "deinstall". That should let you duplicate your package selection. Have you considered what to do about configuration?


Before adding account to pidgin. Make sure google singin to less secure apps is allowed.
Or visit this link to enable Less Secure Apps
https://myaccount.google.com/lesssecureapps
If it's done! Add Hangout account
#Basic Tab
Protocol: xmpp
User Name: (your gmail id, without @gmail.com)
Domain: gmail.com
Resource: (Keep blank)
Password: xxxxxxxxx
Check Remember Password.

#Advanced Tab

Connection Security: Use encryption if available
Connect Server: talk.google.com

Others leave at it is.
Done...!


I've seen cases like this where the problem was a bad RAM chip or a bad sector on the hard drive.  Not enough to crash the system but enough to give the OS a hiccup.

Run Memtest86 on the RAM, and if possible swap out the RAM for a friend's and see how it runs.  Best to run the Memtest from a Live CD.

Use a hard disk test utility from the HDD manufacturer to test the drive.  You may have to enable SMART in the BIOS setup; it depends on your system.  Don't be afraid to go to the manufacturer's website and RTFM.

A much rarer option: the motherboard is dying on you, but it's rare that this happens.


ubuntu 14.04 wont boot after installation

You need to select the Ubuntu's EFI entry in BIOS. Search for boot options (in some machines ESC key needs to be continuously pressed after the power button, but it varies from machine to machine).


gnome-mplayer to play on second screen with option xineramascreen

When starting gnome-mplayer, you can try exporting the display: export DISPLAY=0.0; gnome-mplayer (change 0.0 to the desired display).


How to replace Windows 8 with Ubuntu on an Acer ES1-711 laptop?

Your UEFI boot enabled BIOS has a way of entering setup.  To do this simply hit F2 or F8 to access your Firmware BIOS.  Now you will find the boot tab and shuffle your way over to it.  Now I am not certain how your setup will be, but my dell has it as a single item that can be changed to enable or disable.  If it is not its own option look under either UEFI Mode or Boot Mode.  Once you change that shuffle to the exit tab and select save changes and reboot/exit/shutdown.


Increase number of old kernels to keep on autoremove

Sadly there is no such a configuration, and we should edit the script responsible of creating: /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-kernels.

So I looked into the script a little bit and some minor changes was enough to get what you want.

First create a backup of: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal:

sudo cp /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal{,.bk}

Then find this line:

previous_version="$(echo "$debverlist" | sed -n 2p)"

and change it to:

previous_version="$(echo "$debverlist" | sed -n 2,4p)"

Now it should keep 3 old kernel + Running + Newly installed one
Of course you have to run it once manually or install a new kernel to make it take effect.

Or change the file with my modification so you can easily change the number of kernels you want to keep at:

NKER=1

#!/bin/sh
set -e
# Mark as not-for-autoremoval those kernel packages that are:
#  - the currently booted version
#  - the kernel version we've been called for
#  - the latest kernel version (as determined by debian version number)
#  - the second-latest kernel version
#
# In the common case this results in two kernels saved (booted into the
# second-latest kernel, we install the latest kernel in an upgrade), but
# can save up to four. Kernel refers here to a distinct release, which can
# potentially be installed in multiple flavours counting as one kernel.

# Specify the number of kernels you want to keep
NKER=1
NKER=$((NKER+1))

eval $(apt-config shell APT_CONF_D Dir::Etc::parts/d)
test -n "${APT_CONF_D}" || APT_CONF_D="/etc/apt/apt.conf.d"
config_file="${APT_CONF_D}/01autoremove-kernels"

eval $(apt-config shell DPKG Dir::bin::dpkg/f)
test -n "$DPKG" || DPKG="/usr/bin/dpkg"

list="$("${DPKG}" -l | awk '/^[ih][^nc][ ]+(linux|kfreebsd|gnumach)-image-[0-9]+\./ && $2 !~ /-dbg(:.*)?$/ && $2 !~ /-dbgsym(:.*)?$/ { print $2,$3; }' \
   | sed -e 's#^\(linux\|kfreebsd\|gnumach\)-image-##' -e 's#:[^:]\+ # #')"
debverlist="$(echo "$list" | cut -d' ' -f 2 | sort --unique --reverse --version-sort)"

if [ -n "$1" ]; then
    installed_version="$(echo "$list" | awk "\$1 == \"$1\" { print \$2;exit; }")"
fi
unamer="$(uname -r | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')"
if [ -n "$unamer" ]; then
    running_version="$(echo "$list" | awk "\$1 == \"$unamer\" { print \$2;exit; }")"
fi
# ignore the currently running version if attempting a reproducible build
if [ -n "${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}" ]; then
    unamer=""
    running_version=""
fi
latest_version="$(echo "$debverlist" | sed -n 1p)"
previous_version="$(echo "$debverlist" | sed -n 2,${NKER}p)"

debkernels="$(echo "$latest_version
$installed_version
$running_version
$previous_version" | sort -u | sed -e '/^$/ d')"
kernels="$( (echo "$1
$unamer"; for deb in $debkernels; do echo "$list" | awk "\$2 == \"$deb\" { print \$1; }"; done; ) \
   | sed -e 's#\([\.\+]\)#\\\1#g' -e '/^$/ d' | sort -u)"

generateconfig() {
    cat <<EOF
// DO NOT EDIT! File autogenerated by $0
APT::NeverAutoRemove
{
EOF
    for package in $(apt-config dump --no-empty --format '%v%n' 'APT::VersionedKernelPackages'); do
        for kernel in $kernels; do
            echo "   \"^${package}-${kernel}$\";"
        done
    done
    echo '};'
    if [ "${APT_AUTO_REMOVAL_KERNELS_DEBUG:-true}" = 'true' ]; then
        cat <<EOF
/* Debug information:
# dpkg list:
$(dpkg -l | grep '\(linux\|kfreebsd\|gnumach\)-image-')
# list of installed kernel packages:
$list
# list of different kernel versions:
$debverlist
# Installing kernel: $installed_version ($1)
# Running kernel: ${running_version:-ignored} (${unamer:-ignored})
# Last kernel: $latest_version
# Previous kernel: $previous_version
# Kernel versions list to keep:
$debkernels
# Kernel packages (version part) to protect:
$kernels
*/
EOF
    fi
}

generateconfig "$@" > "${config_file}.dpkg-new"
mv -f "${config_file}.dpkg-new" "$config_file"
chmod 444 "$config_file"


Bro, The website is blocked by your network Admin.


Help manual partitioning for installing ubuntu alongside win 7

Based on youre needs. I don't know about youre existing partitions Preferably that swap and system should be on different devices. For example if you don't override MBR limits(4 primary parts per one table) or you have GPT you can create 50gb part for "/" from disk D and 4gb swap on disk E(you will see them as /dev/sda, /dev/sdb... All other free space you can use as you want.


data streaming has stopped working after update

An additional restart seems to have fixed the issue.  I still don't know the cause but at least I can work now.


Try this in terminal:
xrandr -q show your connected displays on ports, then assuming your primary display is DP1 and secondary HDMI1
xrandr --output HDMI1 --right-of DP1

To make xrandr changes permanent :
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2236686

or make file in /etc/X11/Xsession.d/
e.g 45custom_settings and paste
xrandr --output HDMI1 --right-of DP1

You can also set your primary display with this (assuming you want displayport 1) :
xrandr --output DP1 --primary


jitsu throws import error - can't figure out why

OK - solved - found out jitsu is not supported with juju-core.
used 'juju deploy --to' for my purpose..


Does anyone know how to change Firefox icons?

In the terminal, I had to use the command line gksu nautilus to be able to get permission for changing files. In this case, I needed the permission so that I could copy the new Firefox icon.


Unity webapp is not working in Ubuntu 14.04

Well, The .desktop file was missing ;) Now it works. I'll enjoy Telegram now with Unity :D
I'm just testing the webapp, if you find something weird, please, tell me here:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity-webapps-telegram

How could you test it? Just run this command:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:costales/unity-webapps-telegram ; sudo apt-get update ; sudo apt-get install unity-webapps-telegram

Cheers!


Dual-boot boot menu does not show up after installing Ubuntu 15.10 alongside Windows 10

On Windows 10, go to the start menu.
Search and open Recovery Options. The description for it should say System settings.
Under Advanced startup click Restart now.
Click Use a device; it's description should say
"Use a USB drive, network connection, or Windows recovery DVD".
Click Ubuntu and hopefully it should take you to the grub boot menu.
Next try going back to the live Ubuntu session on the USB to reinstall grub-efi. On the live session, open a terminal and enter the following commands in:

sudo mount /dev/sda# /mnt

  Replace the hashtag in /dev/sda# with the number representing the  partition where you had Ubuntu installed. You can check using gnome-disks or gparted.

sudo mount /dev/sda# /mnt/boot/efi

  Replace the hashtag in /dev/sda# with the number representing the EFI partition. It's usually /dev/sda2.

sudo mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount -o bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount -o bind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo mount -o bind /run /mnt/run
sudo chroot /mnt/
sudo apt-get install --reinstall grub-efi
sudo update-grub

  Reboot.

If that fails, go to your BIOS settings with one of the F keys; that option might be Enter setup. Look for boot option priorities and move Ubuntu above the Windows Boot Manager. Go to the option to save the changes then reboot.
Lastly you can try using Boot-Repair.


You will need dconf to export and import you profile settings. Please see this answer for details (short summary: use dconf dump /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/ | grep -e "\[\:\|visible-name" to list the installed profiles, then import/export them via dconf dump /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/:xx-xx-xx-xx/ > sample.dconf and dconf load /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/:xx-xx-xx-xx/ < sample.dconf).


Update ubuntu to the latest version of byobu on 14.04 solved this problem.


https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Byobu
this command enables byobu as your default TTY

  byobu-enable


Unlike ZIP, RAR or 7-Zip, for example, gzip can only compress one file. As you’ve already noted, there is the tar program which can serialize multiple files into one which makes them ready for gzip. The traditional Unix philosophy prefers to use multiple simpler and more specialized tools than one monolithic and complicated. In this case, it results in using tar and gzip consecutively, resulting in a .tar.gz (or .tgz) file.

However, GNU tar includes the -z option which compresses the result of the traditional tar using gzip in just one command.

.tar.gz files are mostly created using the -czvf options:

create a new archive
gzip (alternatives: j for bzip2, J for xz)
verbose (list processed files; optional)
output file (the following argument specifies the output file)

In your example, you can use the command:

tar -czvf test.tar.gz file.mp4 bar.txt

  Is there any way to watch inner files without decompression with gzip or bzip2?

Yes, your command also works for a .tar.gz file:

tar -tvf test.tar.gz

Further reading

GNU TAR Manual page
10 quick tar command examples to create/extract archives in Linux


See if there is a driver available for your chipset.  Go to software (software sources) and the tab all the way to the right should say something like "additional Drivers".  See if anything is available.  Otherwise, give use the output of 'lspci' so we can see what chipset you're using and try to figure things out from there.


this FAQ explains what it is. It balances load on the cores, which is good for servers. On desktop that means you cannot get 100 proc on any core because allready used for other processes.


Run the below command to update your kernal,

sudo apt-get install linux-generic

After installation,reboot your pc.


Ubuntu 14.04 battery drainage when shut off

To confirm whether or not this is in fact Ubuntu and not simply the battery aging, try manually shutting down:

sudo shutdown -P now

That will ensure it truly powering down. If the battery then still drains, you know it's not Ubuntu that is causing it.


Yes, root partitions can be reused. All partitions and drives can be reused until they wear out or are damaged physically in some other way.
It is a good idea to format the root partition before reusing it. Otherwise some junk from the previous system may interfere with the new system.
It is possible to reuse the content of the home partition. Most of the time it works well, if you upgrade the same distro and flavour, but sometimes there are problems.
I would not share the home partition with another distro. I would not even share it with another flavour of Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, ... Xubuntu). That is asking for conflicts because of some files that should be different for the two distros/flavours.
Instead of sharing the home partition, you can have a separate data partition. This partition can have an ext4 file system, if all operating systems are linux. Otherwise, if dual booting with Windows, the partition should have the NTFS file system.


Nvidia Graphics problem: strange artifacts even after install of v.381

Please restart compiz with:

compiz --replace

It worked for me. If it does not work, install the latest Nvidia driver "nvidia-381" which fixes the issue, you may not find it within standard repositories so please add it from a PPA :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt purge nvidia*

sudo apt install nvidia-381

After this please reboot your computer and check if problem is gone.

I hope it helps.


How to edit lightdm to show "other user"?

You need to do this as root as peachy said, but I have a simpler option that you can use besides an editor, you can do this using lightdm-set-defaults.

This will show the "Other" user:

sudo /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-set-defaults --show-manual-login true

This will disable the user list, if you just want to see "Other":

sudo /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-set-defaults  --hide-users true

And lastly you can turn off guest:

sudo /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-set-defaults  --allow-guest false

Doing this you end up with only "Other", or you can just use the first line I posted to add it.


Just opening a X application on a different machine is not difficult.

Connect to the machine local on which you want to start an application, but display it on your machine remote.

you@local$ ssh -X user@remote
(login etc)
user@remote$ nautilus

Performance may not be as good as you'd expected it to be. When disconnecting, type exit. If it hangs for some reason, press Ctrl + C to tear down the connection.


how to launch application launcher via latte dock using only Super key?

According to the FAQ page of the project on GitHub, there are two ways to do this.

You can either edit ~/.config/kwinrc and add

[ModifierOnlyShortcuts]
Meta=org.kde.lattedock,/Latte,org.kde.LatteDock,activateLauncherMenu

or run the following commands in terminal

kwriteconfig5 --file ~/.config/kwinrc --group ModifierOnlyShortcuts --key Meta "org.kde.lattedock,/Latte,org.kde.LatteDock,activateLauncherMenu"

then, in either case, reload KWin:

qdbus org.kde.KWin /KWin reconfigure


How to enable shutdown sound on ubuntu 12.04 LTS and up

The "most simple" way would be to automate this process with a small bash script.

First, you need to take care of some dependencies by installing the mpg123 package, which can play mp3 files from the command line. You should be able to find similar packages for .ogg files as well.

sudo apt-get install mpg123

Next, you have to create the actual script that'll play the shutdown sound: (hint, you can replace pico with gedit if you don't feel comfortable editing files in the terminal. You can name the file whatever you want, but make sure you keep the K99 part in front of the file name for processing priority reasons.

sudo pico /etc/init.d/K99shutdownsound.sh

here's the content of the script:

#!/bin/sh
## play shutdown sound
/usr/bin/mpg123 /path/to/your/shutdown.mp3

make it executable:

sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/K99shutdownsound.sh

Now you have to create a link from this script to /etc/rc0.d (where shutdown scripts go) and to /etc/rc6.d (where reboot scripts go)

sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/K99shutdownsound.sh/etc/rc0.d/K99shutdownsound.sh

sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/K99shutdownsound.sh /etc/rc6.d/K99shutdownsound.sh

And now you have a shutdown sound. Just make sure you're not going to play a 5 minute mp3 file, since the system won't halt until it finishes streaming the file.


Installing software that is unavailable in standard repositories [decision tree]

As the author of expect-lite, you can always download the latest version at http://expect-lite.sf.net/: on that site you will find a Debian package, which you can then install using:

sudo dpkg -i  expect-lite_4.5.0-0ubuntu1_all.deb

If you are uncomfortable installing as root, you can install the .tar.gz version by untaring and running the installer as a non-privileged user using:

./install.sh -p <my install location>

All of expect-lite is open source, so feel free to view the source of the installer or expect-lite itself. There are no compiled binaries in the package.


Computer overheats and shuts off after 5-10 min on ubuntu

For AMD/Intel , run this command in the terminal (uninstall other drivers first):

sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-pxpress

Then: sudo amdcccle and set the graphics to iGPU and not dGPU and you will see your temperatures falling greatly :)

I recommend to be using Ubuntu 13.10 as it works much better with Hybrid graphics.


Enable Canonical Partners Repository:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ $(lsb_release -sc) partner"

Install Adobe Flash Plugin:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install adobe-flashplugin browser-plugin-freshplayer-pepperflash

Reset your browser and you should be all set.

Source:
https://websiteforstudents.com/install-adobe-flash-player-on-ubuntu-18-04-lts-beta-desktop/


ubuntu 16.04 simple scan on brother j480 has no color

The problem is fixed. Apparently, the driver was not installed completely correctly. I first removed the existing printer definition (because the installation makes its own icon in the list of available printers).

The link is brother driver. Click on the Driver Install Tool. You will need to extract the tool, open a terminal and use "sudo bash linux-brprinter-installer-2.1.1-1 MFC-J480DW". You will need to know the IP of the printer, e.g. 192.168.0.105.

In my case, when it finished, the color scan worked.


How to download https://github.com/MCMrARM/mcpelauncher-linux?

I'm not sure how you've tried to download it, but since it's a Git repository, I suggest downloading it by using the git command to clone the repository. To do this, first install git if it's not installed:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install git

Then cd to whatever directory you want to download it to, and run:

git clone https://github.com/MCMrARM/mcpelauncher-linux.git

Assuming that succeeds (as it did when I tested it), the downloaded repository consists of the newly created mcpelauncher-linux directory and its contents.

With that said, if you want to download it in your web browser as a ZIP archive, you can do that. Click the "Clone or download" button and then click the "Download ZIP" link. For this particular repository, that's https://github.com/MCMrARM/mcpelauncher-linux/archive/master.zip.

If these techniques don't work, there might be a problem with your Internet connection (or with your proxy configuration, if you browse the web through a proxy server), or perhaps a transient problem on GitHub (if trying exactly what you did before works now).


How to install NVIDIA GeForce 610M on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS

There has been a recent certified driver release, you may have to do a manual install:
Linux x64 (AMD64/EM64T) Display Driver, Version: 304.51 Certified

You may have to manually install, here is how I did it on an older legacy vid card, the code should be similar:
Driver Installation


There are typos in the guide you linked to.

Initial steps should be:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential zlib1g zlib1g-dev libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt-dev
sudo apt-get install git-core
sudo apt-get install curl wget

I've also removed the -y flag, and prefixed the commands with sudo so you can (and probably should) run these with your regular (non-root) user.

I don't see the command you mention, apt-get -f install, anywhere on that page.   Having to use that generally means something is already broken.   You should probably start again from the beginning, making sure each step completes.

However, I don't think you need to do any of this.

Ubuntu's ruby1.9.1 package actually provides Ruby 1.9.2 .

If you look at the details in the output of `apt-cache show ruby1.9.1, you will find that the version provided in Ubuntu is actually 1.9.2.

It is listed as 1.9.1, because the Debian maintainer is meaning to describe the binary compatibility version (1.9.1), instead of the Ruby software version (1.9.2) .

See this Debian bug list entry for more information.

Here are a few snippets of the apt-cache show ruby1.9.1 output :

Package: ruby1.9.1
Version: 1.9.2.0-1
Filename: pool/universe/r/ruby1.9.1/ruby1.9.1_1.9.2.0-1_i386.deb
[...]
Description: Interpreter of object-oriented scripting language Ruby 1.9.2
 Ruby is the interpreted scripting language for quick and easy
 object-oriented programming. [...]
 This package provides version 1.9.2 series of Ruby, which is binary-compatible
 with the 1.9.1 branch.


How can I make Ubuntu seem more friendly to someone used to Windows 10?

The absolutely best way is to stop using Windows as a crutch and dive into Ubuntu.  The longer a person uses the crutch and keep trying to make Ubuntu windows would be the longer it'll take them to recognize the ease and facility of Ubuntu.

Ubuntu is friendly.  It's substantially less of a curb of going from Windows XP or Windows 7 to Windows 10.  When Microsoft made a radical change, moving to Windows 10, people kicked and screamed a little, but they moved on and adjusted.

The same would happen if when a user thanks of his goal, and just go for it in the environment the way it is.

Click on the applications menu and click on what you want to run, or type letters to bring up the app you want to use, and just use it.

Having used a computer can be springboard to the new environment... how to move the mouse, other elements of navigating.  Other than that, look toward the task/object... don't look for Windows.

That is how to make Ubuntu seem more friendly to someone used to Windows 10.

You could add a secondary dock (Cairo-dock) from the repository.  It makes Ubuntu resemble the Mac.

The Cairo-dock is a way to have a panel at the bottom as per the reference in your question.

It can be installed with this command:

$ sudo apt install cairo-dock

There are a number of other docks and tools you can install from the repository.  If you install one you don't like, you can just as easily remove it with:

$ sudo apt remove cairo-dock.

To run a new installed application, such as Cairo-dock, search the applications menu.


Is there a Document scanning and archiving software?

LogicalDOC Community  could be used for this purpose.
Allows you to catalog and tag many file types and has a built-in free OCR.

One of the features that I really like about this package is the full-text search engine that can run natively language specific searches.

There is a good documentation for installation on Ubuntu, which doesn't involve special difficulties


Ubuntu 18.04: permanently enable Bluetooth file reception?

Workaround

you can install package blueman with the command sudo apt install blueman

$ apt search blueman
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
blueman/bionic,now 2.0.5-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
  Graphical bluetooth manager

$ apt show blueman
Package: blueman
Version: 2.0.5-1ubuntu1
Priority: optional
Section: universe/x11
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Christopher Schramm <debian@shakaweb.org>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 5,023 kB
Depends: libbluetooth3 (>= 4.91), libc6 (>= 2.4), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.31.8), libpython3.6 (>= 3.6.0~b2), dconf-gsettings-backend | gsettings-backend, python3 (<< 3.7), python3 (>= 3.6~), python3:any (>= 3.3.2-2~), dbus, bluez (>= 4.61), obexd-client (>= 0.47) | bluez-obexd, obexd-server (>= 0.47) | bluez-obexd, python3-dbus, python3-gi, notification-daemon, librsvg2-common, gnome-icon-theme, libpulse-mainloop-glib0, gir1.2-gtk-3.0, gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0, gir1.2-glib-2.0, gir1.2-pango-1.0, gir1.2-notify-0.7, python3-cairo, python3-gi-cairo, gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1
Recommends: policykit-1, pulseaudio-module-bluetooth
Homepage: https://github.com/blueman-project/blueman
Task: xubuntu-desktop, lubuntu-gtk-desktop, lubuntu-desktop, ubuntustudio-desktop, ubuntukylin-desktop, ubuntu-mate-core, ubuntu-mate-desktop
Supported: 3y
Download-Size: 1,686 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages
Description: Graphical bluetooth manager
 Blueman is a GTK+ bluetooth management utility for GNOME using bluez D-Bus
 backend.

maduri@i7-4770:~$

run blueman-services
tick the button "Accept files from Trusted Devices"


How do I know my system updates are trustworthy?

There is no SSL/https that I'm aware of, and there is no certification authority outside your own computer.

To check for updates your computer contacts the servers that you have designated as your sources. It will download a index file from those servers using normal http. This index files are signed, so no one can give you a false index, but the correct file could be served from any computer, allowing easy use of mirrors.

Using this index your own computer will calculate which new packages its needs to download. Again that packages will be retrieved using normal http. A md5 sum of each package will be checked with the release file. In addition, Ubuntu official repositories packages are also signed. Some third party sources could have unsigned packages (but the md5 check is still used), when this happens the installation program (apt, Ubuntu Software Center, ...) will warn you.

To summarise it, the security is not in the servers or in the connections, but in the packages themselves. An attacker breaking into an update server can't damage your computer, but someone who can obtain a valid signature can.

You can find more details in an explanation of secure apt here. To summarize: all packages have a GPG signature and apt trusts those that were issued by the persons whose public key are in the apt keychain (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg)


How is DRI3 enabled for Intel drivers running on a Haswell iGPU in Ubuntu 15.10?

Adding the code below to /etc/X11/xorg.conf worked for me:

Section "Device"
   Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
   Driver      "intel"
   Option      "SwapBuffersWait" "0"
   Option      "DRI" "3"
EndSection


How to remove a directory path from PATH permanently?

On my vanilla install of 16.04, the PATH variable is set from .profile for login shells

First save your current PATH  to a text file:

echo $PATH > currentpath.txt

I find it easiest to then open a new shell and do

sudo vi .profile

now edit or add the line to set the correct path

PATH="..."

with the path that you want inside the quotes.

The default path:

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"

(And it works from left to right - if an executable with the same name exists in /usr/local/sbin and /usr/bin, the version in /usr/local/sbin will be called when you type the name)

Press esc and write and quit with

:wq

If you don't know vi you could use nano to edit the .profile file.  Might be easier.

Restart.

I did this so that my local bin folder was in the path for executables.  Dunno why it wasn't by default, but hey.


Batch Rename DIrectory Using Pattern Matches

When you do
echo $i | sed ...

sed is operating on a stream of bytes read from the standard input stream, rather than on the file's directory entry - so editing "in place" makes no sense.
In addition, GNU sed treats an argument after -i as an optional backup suffix, so that when you write sed -iE, the E is no longer parsed as a flag indicating Extended Regular Expression syntax - which breaks your capture grouping.
If you want to rename files by manipulating their names using sed, you'd need to capture the resulting standard output stream in a command substitution and pass the result as a destination argument to the mv command ex.:
for i in *.mp3; do mv -- "$i" "$(echo "$i" | sed -E 's/pattern/replacement/')"; done

or
for i in *.mp3; do mv -- "$i" "$(sed -E 's/pattern/replacement/' <<< "$i")"; done

if you want to use shell redirection rather than piping to supply standard input to sed. Note that a single command cannot accept standard input from both a pipe and a redirection - that's an "ambiguous redirect".
(In the 1970s, you'd have used backticks like `echo "$i" | sed -E s/pattern/replacement/` for command substitution - they're deprecated now, although still supported.) Note the use of double quotes, without which the command will break on filenames that contain whitespace or other shell-special characters.
On current Ubuntu systems, there should be a Perl-based rename command that can operate on the dirents directly:
rename 's/pattern/replacement/' *.mp3

where pattern is a Perl Compatible Regular Expression (PCRE). There's also an mmv command (provided by an Ubuntu package of the same name) that works with shell globs instead of regular expressions and is often easier for simple re-arrangments like this ex.:
mmv '*. * - *.mp3' '#3 - #2.mp3'

Both rename and mmv have a -n option that lets you trial-run the re-namings.


Buying a videocard: do AMD cards support hardware acceleration on Ubuntu?

I spoke with AMD directly and learned that Yes, the HD6950 will support H.264 hardware acceleration on Ubuntu. Don't know the state of all AMD drivers but I was told the linux driver for Ubuntu that can be downloaded from the AMD website will get this done.

Some other info:

In general, the Radeon cards do support 2D and 3D acceleration as documented here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RadeonDriver

The NVIDIA drivers have historically been said to run better with Linux. However, AMD has been putting a lot of work into their Open Source drivers for the last year or more and unlike NVIDIA they provide documentation, limited support, and an actual active development initiative for free software. So the community is vocal about supporting AMD video cards with "your wallet."

For a comparison of AMD Radeon graphics cards, see this Phoronix article: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=amd_comp_oktoberfest&num=1

Blu-ray playback can be a little tricky on Ubuntu. You can read more here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats/BluRayAndHDDVD


The signature is bad, you can't do anything about it. It is canonical's problem and looks like noone gives a heck. There was a post on reddit about it, no reaction.
In the meanwhile signature is good here http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/18.04.5/release/ but it only contains server isos.
You next logical step is never using signed software with bad signature. It could be tampered.


(I'll call user1 boss and user2 minion, to avoid the risk of typos that would invert the meaning).

You mean you want boss to be able to access minion's files? Add boss to the minion group. By default, on Ubuntu, most of minion's files are group-readable and group-writable. There's probably a way to do this in the GUI, but I only know the command line way:

sudo adduser boss minion

Minion can still create private files if he wants. If want to allow boss to run arbitrary commands as minion, this can be done through sudo. Run sudo visudo and add the following line:

boss ALL = (minion) ALL

Then boss can run sudo -u minion somecommand.


I had the similar problem with my system. I installed Windows 10 first and left about 30% space on my 512GB SSD for Ubuntu. If you already created full partition when installing windows you can shrink it and create free space for Ubuntu.
Make sure to disable the secure boot in the UEFI BIOS when installing Ubuntu choose that free space.
Please Disable Fast Startup in Windows before installing Ubuntu.


Grub2: Setting password in version 2.02~beta2-9ubuntu1

Taking help from question and the Ubuntu Docs I managed to get what I wanted but please suggest if I am correct, if my configurations are really secure. Mainly that when a new kernel is installed, the GRUB configuration will also have to be edited or not.

1. Create hashed password

  grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2

Give your password and you will recieve the hash.

2. Create GRUB Authentication

In the File /etc/grub.d/40_custom add these entries at the end, where

set superusers="user1"
password_pbkdf2 user1 GIVE-GRUB-PASSWORD-HASH-HERE
export superusers

replace GIVE-GRUB-PASSWORD-HASH-HERE with the hash of the password received as the output of grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 .

3. Apply Authentication to menuentries in the file /etc/grub.d/10_linux

Add --users '' to the following lines such that you have:-

echo "menuentry '$(echo "$title" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} --users '' \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"

and

echo "submenu '$(gettext_printf "Advanced options for %s" "${OS}" | grub_quote)' --users ''  \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id' {"

Add --unrestricted to the following line such that you have:-

echo "menuentry '$(echo "$os" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} --unrestricted \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/"

4. Update Grub

sudo update-grub

Edit

5. Reboot System

Forgot to add this earlier; you need the reboot the system after that.

sudo reboot


I don't know if this can help but I had a lot of problems with VLC after a fresh installation.

I found the answer on my own which is documented there Full mess on VLC after fresh installation - ubuntu 14.04

Hope this could help you


xinput Wheel Emulation properties have no effect

I believe it's more like
(for setting mouse speed on my system it's prop 11)

xinput set-prop 11 'Device Accel Constant Deceleration' 1

...in your case

 xinput set-prop 9 'Evdev Wheel Emulation Axes' 0, 0, 5, 4

I am no expert and you can always use Xchat to go to the #Ubuntu IRC channel and ask for help. Just pop in and state your question clearly, don't ask if you can ask, just state your question and be patient.


For having your GTK3 applications show icons correctly you need a set of packages installed:

sudo apt-get install kdeartwork-theme-icon gtk3-engines-oxygen kde-config-gtk-style

You also need to configure GTK applications to use oxygen, look for KDE System Settings -> Appearance panel, make sure that using KDE themes in GTK apps is activated. This should give you the kde-look into your GTK applications.

Sources:

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Uniform_Look_for_Qt_and_GTK_Applications
http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/01/kde-gtk-config-tool-gives-greater-control-over-gtk-theming-in-kde
https://projects.kde.org/projects/extragear/base/kde-gtk-config


Can't find doc package for libappindicator

Please do $ dpkg -L libappindicator-doc to know that the documentation is in /usr/share/gtk-doc/html/ :

Snippet

/usr/share/gtk-doc/html/libappindicator/annotation-glossary.html
/usr/share/gtk-doc/html/libappindicator/api-index-0-5.html
/usr/share/gtk-doc/html/libappindicator/api-index-deprecated.html
/usr/share/gtk-doc/html/libappindicator/api-index-full.html
/usr/share/gtk-doc/html/libappindicator/ch01.html
/usr/share/gtk-doc/html/libappindicator/index.html
/usr/share/gtk-doc/html/libappindicator/libappindicator-app-indicator.html
/usr/share/gtk-doc/html/libappindicator/libappindicator.devhelp2
/usr/share/gtk-doc/html/libappindicator/object-tree.html


The easiest way to do this seems to be converting the dmg to an iso file.

Managing Disk Images on the Ubuntu wiki explains this very well for different formats including dmg.


Looking for alternatives to Empathy for Ubuntu 12.04 and above

Pidgin is a good one, try it, it is nice ;)

One of Pidgins strongest selling points is its support for a multitude of various different IM protocols - a selection of which are: MSN, Yahoo, AIM, Gtalk and even IRC! Uniquely, with Pidgin you can log in to multiple accounts simultaneously. This means that you can be chatting with friends on AIM, flirting with contacts on Yahoo! - all whilst nattering away to your MSN buddies - all at the same time. Pidgin supports the usual IM features such as file transfer, customised status/nick names, away messages and typing notification. 'Simple' and 'Clean' are two words i would use to describe Pidgin's interface. from http://www.tuxmachines.org/node/47484


How can I remove duplicate icons for "launched" java programs in the launcher?

Add a StartupWMClass string into your .desktop file. Use xprop command to get this class. For example :

$ xprop|grep WM_CLASS
 WM_CLASS(STRING) = "sun-awt-X11-XFramePeer", "java-lang-Thread"

$ cat /usr/share/applications/PHPStorm.desktop | grep StartupWM
StartupWMClass=sun-awt-X11-XFramePeer

More deatils in this thread (this about AWN, but works for Unity too)


Need a Unity indicator for Gnome Phone Manager

The solution is here: http://www.webupd8.org/2011/04/how-to-re-enable-notification-area.html

It works on Ubuntu 12.04


How to install and connect Mathjax to Jupyter notebook 5.2.1

From Jupyter Notebook's Official documentation:

"The Markdown parser included in the Jupyter Notebook is MathJax-aware. This means that you can freely mix in mathematical expressions using the MathJax subset of Tex and LaTeX. Some examples from the MathJax site are reproduced below, as well as the Markdown+TeX source"

For examples of how to use MathJax for your Jupyter Notebook equations. These sites can be very helpful:

mathjax basic tutorial and quick reference
Latex commands available in MathJax


script of reading one type of files in multiple directory

Read man find,man xargs and use something like

find . -type f -name '*.CUD' -print0 | xargs -0 -r wc -l


Why isn't ubuntu installing on my Asus EEEPc 900a?

IF you fail to see the Grub:- Insert a Ubuntu 12.10 Live-CD/DVD and run the following commands:

`$sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt` # XY is the drive, eg. sda or sda1

`$sudo chroot /mnt`

`$sudo grub-install /dev/sdX` #X is drive number

`$sudo update-grub`

Reboot and take out the LiveDVD.
Lemme know if it doesn't work as intended.


While I'm nowhere near as experienced with Ubuntu as the earlier answerer, I would advise you not to do anything irreversible.

My guess is that your Ubuntu system is still present, so try to reinstall without reformatting.

Your paste bin report shows Linux partitions to be present, and we have no reason to think that the Windows update would have destroyed it. I'm thinking is just messed up grub.

Take it slowly, and good luck.


Snap problem

I got similar error message on 16.04 LTS MATE with Xorg:

$ cat /etc/os-release | grep PRETTY
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS"

$ export | grep XDG_SESSION
declare -x XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP="mate"
declare -x XDG_SESSION_ID="c2"
declare -x XDG_SESSION_PATH="/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session0"
declare -x XDG_SESSION_TYPE="x11"

$ snap list | grep notepadqq
notepadqq  1.2.0-2    115   danieleds  -

$ which notepadqq
/snap/bin/notepadqq

$ sudo snap run notepadqq
mkdir: cannot create directory '/run/user/0': Permission denied
No protocol specified
QXcbConnection: Could not connect to display :0.0
Aborted (core dumped)

$ pkexec snap run notepadqq
mkdir: cannot create directory '/run/user/0': Permission denied
QXcbConnection: Could not connect to display
Aborted (core dumped)

$ sudo notepadqq
mkdir: cannot create directory '/run/user/0': Permission denied
No protocol specified
QXcbConnection: Could not connect to display :0.0
Aborted (core dumped)

$ gksudo notepadqq
No protocol specified
QXcbConnection: Could not connect to display :0.0

$ sudo -u www-data notepadqq /var/www/html/index.html
2018/02/25 22:40:11.162682 cmd_run.go:562: WARNING: cannot create user data directory: cannot create "/var/www/snap/notepadqq/115": mkdir /var/www/snap: permission denied
cannot create user data directory: /var/www/snap/notepadqq/115: Read-only file system

So it is not Wayland issue.

May be it is other limitation of Snap. Anyway I reported bug 1751634 to launchpad.

Get deb-packaged Notepadqq and run it

We discovered, that notepadqq snap does not launch as root, so we

Removing it and installing normal version from “Notepadqq Team” team PPA

snap remove notepadqq
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:notepadqq-team/notepadqq
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install notepadqq

Then run it as normal user:

notepadqq

And as root:

gksudo notepadqq

Hope this helps.


can't connect to home network with 14.04

Very few letters: read the end user manual chapter on WiFi.

;-)


preview thumbnail for .agr (Grace)files 12.04

Open your terminal and install xfig-libs  with sudo apt-get install xfig-libs

then try again.


Unable to find the wifi symbol at the top right corner

You might be able to solve your problem with the missing networking applet icon if you gave your virtual machine more RAM. Set this configuration parameter for the virtual machine in the virtual machine settings editor (VM -> Settings -> Memory). The guest memory size should not be set lower than the minimum recommendations of the operating system provider, which is 768MB RAM for Ubuntu 13.04.

If you have a wifi connection in your host machine, then you should also have the same wifi connection in your virtual machine in VMware, if you have configured the networking in VMware to use the same network connection as the host machine is using, which is called a bridged network connection. A bridged network connection connects the guest virtual machine directly to the physical network of the host machine. The screenshot below is from the Virtual Machine Settings screen in VMware.


I've found that inserting the following lines with appropriate "color codes" (e.g. @dark_bg_color , #808080, etc.) in the section style "toolbar" might be a solution, although this might lead to labels etc. in some gtk2 apps unreadable (perhaps a solution might also be found for this?)

bg[PRELIGHT]    = <DarkColorVariantHere>
bg[NORMAL]      = <DarkColorHere>
fg[NORMAL]      = <LightColorHere>
fg[SELECTED]    = <LightColorVariantHere>
fg[INSENSITIVE] = shade(0.5, <DarkColorVariantHere>)


Kiosk Setup - Cannot get X to start when "splash" enabled

I had the exact same problem for some time, though fortunately I eventually found a solution.

Try doing this:

Open the 10_linux file in the Nano text editor:

sudo nano /etc/grub.d/10_linux

and then look for the line

set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7

and change the number 7 to 1. That is if you want to use tty1 after bootup. You can of course change the number to whichever tty number you would like to 'handoff' the control to.

After you do that, save the file.

To finish up run

sudo update-grub

and violà! there you go - it should now boot up every time to tty1 (or to whichever tty number you've chosen); even after a 'quiet splash' bootup.

That's what worked for me, hope it solves it for you too.

Good luck!


This is just a few months old, but I run into this problem occasionally and I wanted to post the solution/cause for my vagrant doing this.

The problem (for me) is generally caused by Vagrant unexpectedly ending (read my laptop battery dying). Here are a list of things that have worked for me:

Generally a modprobe vboxdrv will do the trick. This reapplies the kernel module, and everything is great.
Alternatively, reconfigure the package dpkg-reconfigure virtualbox-*
Worst case, blow it all away and try again sudo apt-get remove --purge virtualbox-dkms linux-headers-generic; #etc


How can I make "Add event..." use the default Calendar of 16.04?

First of all a clarification : the first screenshot in your question shows the datetime indicator. The second screenshot in your question shows the  GNOME Calendar application. To add a new event open the Calendar application and click on Calendar -> Add event... in the app menu bar.

As there is no official possibility to add a new event by using the indicator - that's the way to go ...

An alternative might be to write a script (officially not supported) for this functionality of course.


What is the purpose of the 00000000000000000000000000000000.png folder in ~/.thumbnails?

Thumbnails are reduced-size versions of pictures, used to make it easier to scan and recognize them, serving the same role for images as a normal text index does for words (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumbnail).
...
These thumbnails are created by Nautilus. Having thumbnails may make your system perform better. If you have pictures, Nautilus will have to create new thumbnails for them every time you go into your picture directory. If you scroll down the directory, you will notice that picture previews take quite a bit of time to display. By keeping a repository of thumbnails it already made, Nautilus can skip that part and display your pictures straightaway.
If you want to turn them off, start Nautilus, click on Edit -> Preferences -> Preview, choose Show thumbnails: Never.

Source: https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+question/27345
For information about cleaning up thumbnails take a look at How do I reset the thumbnail cache?.


How to prevent access to a folder by other users?

If you mean the files in /home, you're right. The default folder permissions are 755 (readable and executable/accessible by others).

You can change the default permissions for all new folders by editing the file /etc/adduser.conf - Find the line...:

DIR_MODE=0755

To block others, change it to:

DIR_MODE=0750

To also block people in the same group (see ls -l /home) change it to:

DIR_MODE=0700

Changes will take effect when you create a new user.
You can also change the default umask value - edit the file /etc/login.defs:

  The default umask 002 used for normal user. With this mask default directory permissions are 775 and default file permissions are 664.

  The default umask for the root user is 022 result into default directory permissions are 755 and default file permissions are 644.

  For directories, the base permissions are (rwxrwxrwx) 0777 and for files they are 0666 (rw-rw-rw).

  In short,

  A umask of 022 allows only you to write data, but anyone can read data.

  A umask of 077 is good for a completely private system. No other user can read or write your data if umask is set to 077.

  A umask of 002 is good when you share data with other users in the same group. Members of your group can create and modify data files;
  those outside your group can read data file, but cannot modify it. Set
  your umask to 007 to completely exclude users who are not group
  members.

Source: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/understanding-linux-unix-umask-value-usage.html
You can change the default file/folder permissions (i.e. when you create a new file) of a specific folder by using these commands:

chmod g+s /folder/mypath  # set sticky bit
setfacl -d -m g::rwx /folder/mypath  # set group to rwx default
setfacl -d -m o::000 /folder/mypath  # set other

Verify the change:

getfacl /folder/mypath

Source: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/1314/how-to-set-default-file-permissions-for-all-folders-files-in-a-directory

https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-desktop-74/applying-default-permissions-for-newly-created-files-within-a-specific-folder-605129/

For clarification, the /root folder is by default set as non-readable:

$ ls -ld
/root drwx------ 9 root root 4096 Jul 27 19:00 /root

You can instantly change the permissions of existing files/folders using the chmod and chown commands, described here: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-use-chmod-and-chown-command/

Same effect can be accomplished by right-clicking on a file/folder > properties > permissions


I used

curl ifconfig.me

It is a web service that returns originating IP address. Other information is also available, including

curl ifconfig.me/host # hostname
curl ifconfig.me/ua # user agent
curl ifconfig.me/forwarded # proxy settings


How to purge an application via Ubuntu-Software-Center with all its dependencies?

The Ubuntu Software Center does not currently have functionality equivalent to apt purge <package name>. To completely remove the application and configuration files from your computer you will need to use the command line and complete some manual cleanup.

From the man pages for apt man apt:

  Removing a package removes all packaged data, but leaves usually small (modified)user configuration files behind, in case the remove was an accident.
  Just issuing an installation request for the accidentally removed package will restore its function as before in that case.
  On the other hand you can get rid of these leftovers by calling purge even on already removed packages.
  Note that this does not affect any data or configuration stored in your home directory.

This indicates running apt purge <package name>twice may be necessary as well as manually deleting files left behind in the user's home directory ~ and (likely) ~./.config.

Though posted a while back, you may find this reference useful (What is the correct way to completely remove an application?)


What is the best way to run a server application on ubuntu?

To run a server in Linux you add it to the things that are run by systemd. Services are described by a short service file that is put in /etc/systemd/system/{target}/ where {target} indicates a system state (typically, multi-user.target.wants). The service description includes things like the executable to run, and what do to if it exits. For instance, a mysql server:

# MySQL systemd service file

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Community Server
After=network.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld
ExecStartPost=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start post
TimeoutSec=600
Restart=on-failure
RuntimeDirectory=mysqld
RuntimeDirectoryMode=755

Once the file is set up, you use the systemctl command:

systemctl start {service} to start the server
systemctl stop {service} to stop the server
systemctl enable {service} to make the server start after a boot
systemctl disable {service} to prevent the sever from starting after a reboot


You can see the problem in the ip route.  Number 6 says the route to all 192.168.1.0/24 ip addresses is on device wlp58s0.  This takes priority over rule 1 which says the default gateway is tun0 (the VPN).  You seem to have diagnosed the problem correctly.

Normally VPNs wouldn't use a subnet that's so common because it will be prone to issues like this.  If you're ever on a network where you don't control the IPs such as a public wifi you won't be able to use the VPN.

The best solution would probably change the VPN subnet to something more unique like 10.X.Y.0/24 and set your firewall rules so that this subnet has access to the remote 192.168.1.0/24 subnet.

If that's not an option you could change your home subnet, but this isn't a portable solution.

Finally, you could delete the rule:

192.168.1.0/24 dev wlp58s0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.98 metric 600

This would solve your problem, but cost you access to your local subnet.  Also messing with your routing tables manually is risky if you don't understand networks very well.


I had the same problem with my laptop when it was new, I copied the data from one of the smaller recovery partitions ( preferrably the manufactures recovery which has all their bloat wear and what not on it,) copy it in to Windows and delete the partition then recreate an extended partition using the remaining space and create your desired partitions to run Ubuntu.


I'm getting a lot of "System program problem detected" error dialogs, is there any way I can make them go away?

The following answer by rubo77 here fixed it for me:

Ubuntu has an error reporting system called apport which tries to catch all program crashes in the background and report them to help the developers.

It seems that after a dist-upgrade there are stuck some reports that are tried to resubmitted somehow, but disabling apport is not a desirable solution.

Remove old crash-reports

Remove all old crash-reports that might exist in the crash-report directory:

sudo rm /var/crash/*

After a reboot the popups are gone.

Any further new pop-ups still need to be investigated. If you want to see the details look in /var/crash/ for any new reports.


I had a similar issue with my GTX 750 Ti. It's something to do with the drivers, not totally sure what exactly, but adding the GRUB flag nomodeset got me a TTY.
However, it messed up my GUI at the same time, so this solution may not work for everyone.
Solution - Add the nomodeset GRUB flag:

Open a terminal Ctrl+Alt+T

Enter sudo nano /etc/default/grub - You can replace nano with whatever your favorite text editor is.

Find the line starting with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT and append nomodeset to its end. For example:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"

Run sudo update-grub - this will make the above change take place.

Reboot - you should now have a working TTY.

If you reboot and your GUI is messed up, you'll have to remove the nomodeset flag, but that will most likely remove your ability to access a TTY - so you'll have to decide.
Messed up GUI - Remove nomodeset flag - It's exactly the opposite of adding it:

Open a terminal Ctrl+Alt+T

Enter sudo nano /etc/default/grub - You can replace nano with whatever your favorite text editor is.

Find the line starting with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT and remove nomodeset from its end. For example:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Run sudo update-grub - this will make the above change take place.

Reboot.


How can I get an indicator icon for new updates?

I logged in this morning and had my updates icon, just as I wanted!  Here’s what worked to get this working using commands in the terminal:

Check what’s already allowed using gsettings get com.canonical.Unity.Panel systray-whitelist since you probably don’t want to turn anything off.  My default value was ['JavaEmbeddedFrame', 'Mumble', 'Wine', 'Skype', 'hp-systray', 'scp-dbus-service'].
If you suspect you have other missing icons (for example, Pidgin), you can find the correct values to add to the list with grep TrayChild ~/.xsession-errors ― if something tried to add itself to the tray it will show up with the name the system knows it by.
Add update-notifier (and anything else you found in step 2) to the list.  If you had the same default values as I did, use this command:  gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Panel systray-whitelist "['JavaEmbeddedFrame', 'Mumble', 'Wine', 'Skype', 'hp-systray', 'scp-dbus-service', 'update-notifier']"
Now set update notifier not to auto-launch (this is from the question):  gconftool -s --type bool /apps/update-notifier/auto_launch false

Next time there are updates, you get the icon notifying you ― hooray!


Is there a way to always keep num pad on?

First install numlockx

sudo apt-get install numlockx

Then try adding this, to your /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc:

/usr/bin/numlockx on && /usr/bin/xmodmap -e "keycode 77 = """

Killing X/relogging/restart might be required for this to work.
This should permanently make num lock on.

Sources:
Enable Numlock on Login


I would recommend enhancing your client side spam filtering. My ubuntu email for example is forwarding to my gmail account and with that I get the full range of benefits from the Google account. I do not believe you or I will get any "filtering" support on the ubuntu email part because it just serves as a forwarding address as you mentioned.


System started to hang randomly after power outage

Okay,after all possible checks, it seems to be a faulty nvme SSD. Never had such problems with SATA SSDs and HDDs, I even unplugged them during writing process and nothing dramatic happened. It seems that PCI-E SSDs are more sensible to power outage. Although SMART shows there are no errors on nvme SSD (that's why I was mislead and thought the issue might be somwhere else), I am unable to write anything on it, and reading from it turns into lagfest that freezes system completely. Back to good old SATA drives.


Ubuntu LiveCD customization : keep services stopped at startup

is there a GUI for starting / stopping easily services?

Yes, install rcconf (text user interface, though).

If you are chrooted into the LiveCD squashfs, rcconf will help you disable thoe services on startup too.


Is there an Ubuntu alternative to iExplorer (formerly iPhone Explorer)?

There are three ways to open the root ('/') folder in Ubuntu:

1) Thru WINE: try to load the iPhone in WINE and to run iExplorer.

2) Jailbreak your iPhone, install OpenSSH in your iPhone and run SSHFS in your computer. To do this:

Connect the iPhone and the PC/Mac to the same Wi-Fi.
Install OpenSSH from Cydia. Easy, huh?
Install SSHFS in Ubuntu. Open a terminal window and run sudo apt-get install fuse-utils sshfs
Get the iPhone's IP going to Settings > Wi-Fi > [blue circle with arrow next to your Wi-Fi] > IP Address.
Create a mountpount with, for example, sudo mkdir /mnt/iphone, followed by sudo chown [myuser] /mnt/iphone (obviously, replace [myuser] with your username)
Unlock the iPhone. Don't lock it until you logged in.
Now mount with sshfs root@[iPhone's IP]:/ /mnt/iphone It will ask the root password.

The default root's password in iOS is alpine, change it to anything you want opening the iPhone terminal, logging into root and typing passwd. This is the only security hole in jailbreak, but it's so easy to fix it that anybody who knows how to jailbreak can do it!

Logging with root in / is not the only way to access the iPhone. For example, you can open the /var/mobile folder using the mobile user with sshfs mobile@[iPhone's IP]:/var/mobile /mnt/iphone. Password is (of course) alpine

To unmount the iPhone, check that you're not manipulating files and run fusermount -u /mnt/iphone. If you have problems unmounting, try first killall sshfs

3) Run iExplorer in a virtual Windows using, for example, Virtualbox. Too slow for some computers, very simmilar to running WINE, and you need to have a Windows copy. Anyway, it's the same than running in a Windows PC.


How to correctly enable Postgresql on ubuntu 16.04

Unfortunately I didn't manage to accomplish this. The only way out was installing by compiling the binaries and so on. With this method everything worked


How to switch between hybrid Graphics Intel/nVidia?

Try ironhide (forked from bumblebee) for simultaneously using the intel and nvidia cards:

For ironhide (Ubuntu Natty/Oneiric instructions):

sudo apt-get remove bumblebee

reboot

sudo apt-get install dialog

or

sudo apt-get install cdialog

then

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:mj-casalogic/ironhide
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install ironhide

For a WebGL benchmark, install google-chrome or use a

WebGL-enabled browser and can try it with/without optirun and

report the FPS values on the mailing list:

optirun google-chrome http://webglsamples.googlecode.com/hg/aquarium/aquarium.html
# close window
google-chrome http://webglsamples.googlecode.com/hg/aquarium/aquarium.html


You should look at the log files (tail -f /var/log/kern.log) to see what's filling them up so quickly. Something may be throwing errors and that causes them to grow. If you do, please update your question with your findings, maybe someone else can help determine what the problem is.

Also, there's no need to rotate them manually, they get rotated on a periodic basis (every day, with the 7 prior days kept in a compressed format, anything older gets deleted, except for /var/log/messages which rotates weekly with 4 prior weeks kept), look at /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog for the configuration.

I agree that if your log files are growing boundlessly the best thing to do is find what's causing it, because it's not normal. As a parameter my kern.log is under 20 MB and it has information for the past 3 days (hasn't been rotated because the rotation task hasn't run).


routing table incorrect after netplan static ip configuration

You can configure the additional subnet as static route (metric is overkill)
enp0s8:
      dhcp4: false
      addresses: [192.168.175.40/24]
      routes:
        - to: 192.168.175.0/24
          via: 192.168.175.1
          metric: 0

Then to enable..
sudo netplan generate  (Check for errors)
sudo netplan apply  (make it live)


OK, I fixed my issue.  I originally had the NVIDIA drivers installed on ubuntu 18.04.  When I moved to 20.04 they got removed.  I used:

After using:
How do I set 'nomodeset' after I've already installed Ubuntu?

To enter e and enabling nomodeset I was able to boot into Ubuntu but at a reduced resolution.  Then I used the below entry to fix my issue.

No NVIDIA settings except Prime Profiles

$ubuntu-drivers devices
(notice I think they left out the s for devices in their answer in the link)
Gives a list of the drivers and the recommended driver.

Then I installed it with
$ sudo apt-get install and the driver
In my case it was
$ sudo apt-get install nvidia-driver-440 for the NVIDIA GTX 1070.

Did not show as fixed until reboot.

Notice that I had permanently set nomodeset in GRUB but after installing the driver it was fixed so permanently setting  nomodeset was not necessary.  I just needed to do it once with the e command at GRUB to get into the OS and install the driver.


Evolution crashes when looking at contacts - Hardware Enablement Stacks (HWE) issue?

As I could not find a solution on Launchpad and through the Evolution mailing list, I tried to uninstall the HWE and it worked! No crashes anymore. Here are the instructions for uninstalling the HWE (Hardware Enablement Stacks):
  1. Uninstall new X stack:

sudo apt remove xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-input-all-hwe-16.04 linux-generic-hwe-16.04 xserver-xorg-video-all-hwe-16.04

You’ll see the command also removes the ubuntu-desktop package. Don’t worry. The following commands will install it back.
2. Then install back the original xserver-xorg via commands:

sudo apt install xserver-xorg-core

sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-input-all libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386

Source: ubuntuhandbook.org


trying to send a command list through serial port but only the first line is taken by the device others are ignored

I succeeded using minicom with script.
It was necessary to consider answers sent by the modem to be able to proceed to the following command. What I managed to do with "expect" as following:

send <command>
expect "OK"
send <command>
expect "OK"
....

You can refer to minicom man page https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/1-runscript/


How can I preserve the executable bit on a file that is synchronized by Ubuntu One?

As Stefano suspected, this is indeed a bug. You can click Subscribe on the top right to have it email progress to you.


How to create screen session on startup with command that doesn't end when command finishes

Two ways. Either invoke a shell to run the script, which then replaces itself (using the exec builtin) with an interactive shell when the script is done

screen -dmS test bash -c '~/tmp/runserver.sh; exec bash'

or keep your current screen command and put exec bash in your runserver.sh script.

#!/bin/bash
node ~/dev/mouser/app.js
exec bash

(On a side note, there's no point in having an extension on a script. It will just give you dependency headaches later if you rewrite it in another language. If you look in /bin and /usr/bin, you'll find a lot of sh, bash and python scripts; none of which have a .sh, .bash or .py extension)


As a triage for this (until it gets fixed upstream) you can reset gnome shell (which doesn't log you out, close applications etc) do the following:

After stopping your recording press ALT + F2 then type r and press ENTER.

This will reset gnome shell (and thus close the file handle).


Here is a solution I found on http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1426424

gksudo gedit Then open /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
At the end of the file add a new line options snd-hda-intel
model=generic


Alternative to LightDM for multi-user machines?

You can revert to GDM quite painlessly. Here's a set of instructions:

How do I switch back to GDM and have it launch at boot?


Cannot install/boot Ubuntu from multiple LiveUSBs

Solved the problem! I tought it had something to do with my display driver. I have one monitor on a HDMI port, and the other on a DPI port on my GPU. When I unplugged one monitor, everything works fine and I am able to install Ubuntu like normal. Upgraded to the latest NVIDIA drivers, and everything is working fine even with two monitors.

Footnote: Explanation as to WHY this is happening would be great. I provided this answer so people know what to do when they have a similar problem. That being said, I will not accept it. Once somebody answers this question with a detailed explanation of what exactly is happening here, I will accept that answer.


Dell XPS 15 (9570), TB16 dock, and mixed DPI dual monitors

I actually solved the problem before I posted this, but since I spent so many hours figuring this out today I figured I would post the question and answer it so that it may help others that stumble here in the future:

This issue seems to go away if you install emacs26 (which appears to implement double-buffering which may help mitigate this issue).

I uninstalled emacs25 and installed emacs26 and no issues yet...


I had a similar issue with a panel indicator; I had to add it to the items listed in start up applications otherwise you have to manually find the application and start it. The moon indicator I used in Trusty is here panel indicators for Trusty


What does curruption in transmission(or bt in general) mean?

I think it means transmission downloaded corrupted data and upon  checksum verification, get rid of that data and redownload it.

So in the end, you don't see any corrupted data because it has been redownloaded.


Unable to add Ubuntu Precise (12) repositories to Ubuntu 18 (Bionic Beaver)

I do not see serious problems.
You can install GlusterFS Client manually by downloading 3 deb-files to Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS:
cd ~/Downloads
wget https://mirrors.wikimedia.org/ubuntu/ubuntu/pool/main/f/fuse/fuse-utils_2.8.6-2ubuntu2_all.deb
sudo apt install ./fuse-utils_2.8.6-2ubuntu2_all.deb

wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/glusterfs/glusterfs-common_3.2.5-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./glusterfs-common_3.2.5-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/glusterfs/glusterfs-client_3.2.5-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./glusterfs-client_3.2.5-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

To prevent upgrading of glusterfs packages you need to pin/lock their versions with one long command:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/pin-glusterfs
Package: glusterfs-common
Pin: version 3.2.5-1ubuntu1
Pin-Priority: 1337

Package: glusterfs-client
Pin: version 3.2.5-1ubuntu1
Pin-Priority: 1337
EOF

This will end with:

$ glusterfsd --version
glusterfs 3.2.5 built on Jan 31 2012 07:39:58
...

$ glusterfs --version
glusterfs 3.2.5 built on Jan 31 2012 07:39:58
...

$ mount.glusterfs --version
glusterfs 3.2.5 built on Jan 31 2012 07:39:58
...

Please note that these package will not receive security updates.


The usage of the passwd command with the option -d for deleting a password is

sudo passwd -d LOGIN

Replace LOGIN with the username you need to reset.


System won't boot anymore after software update

I think grub failed to update properly after the apt updates. Now that boot repair can't fix it for you, you need to fix it manually. Your boot-repair info shows three drives: sda, sdb and sdc. You need to find out where you installed ubuntu. If it's sda, be sure to use that for all the commands mentioned below.

Boot your computer from the Ubuntu DVD (of from a Live USB with Ubuntu on it). Select "Try Ubuntu (without installing)". Only use the DVD of the Ubuntu version that you wish to repair. So for 15.10, use the DVD of 15.10.
Now you need to find out what's the name (and the partition number) of the root partition (the partition on which your Ubuntu has been installed). Check this with the application Gparted Partition Editor. Gparted is present both on the Ubuntu DVD and on the Linux Mint DVD.

Tip: the root partition of your Ubuntu will usually be formatted in EXT4. The EFI partition wil probably be formatted in FAT32, and it'll have the boot flag.
On my computer, the Ubuntu root partition is called sda5. For the sake of clarity I'll use that situation in the rest of the how-to.

Launch a terminal window.
Copy/paste the following command line into the terminal (you can copy/paste with a right-click of the mouse): sudo mount /dev/sda5 /mnt
Note: only if Ubuntu is on sda5! Change the number according to your situation. ....and press Enter. This mounts the Ubuntu root partition on the hard drive.
Copy/paste this command line into the terminal: sudo grub-install /dev/sda --root-directory=/mnt

....and press Enter. This installs Grub.
Note: definitely use copy/paste and do not type this command by hand! Many people forget to type essential spaces in this command.
Note: you might get the following harmless error report:
grub probe: error: failed to get canonical path of /cow
Installation finished. No error reported. This grub probe error is harmless, and all should be well.

Now type in the terminal: sudo reboot
....and press Enter.

This should work! You will find more grub related info on this link.


File permission problem on Ubuntu Lamp server

You were close: the directory /var/www/ should be owned by www-data (as a user) and www-data as a group. So the proper command, if things get messed up, is:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www


I solved my problem.

I just had to install anew gcin via terminal.
Then it gave me access to that graphically buggy ubuntu.

Then I went to Settings > Region & Language > Manage Install Languages

At bottom of new window, select IBus for Keyboard input method system.

Restart

And then get rid of that stupid gcin

Enjoy


"bash: syntax error near unexpected ')" in Linux Shell

The problem is the unescaped double quotes inside the expression, for example around this part "]*)?\(([^]". If you want to pass literal ", including inside double quotes or () or [], then you have to quote the quotes! You could do

egrep "\"([^\"]*)?\(([^\"]*)?Linux([^\"]*)?\)([^\"]*)?\"" FILE

But a less ugly way is to quote the whole expression with single quotes, and in general always strong (single) quote your regex so the shell does not do anything weird to it before it's passed as an argument to egrep or whatever program you're using:

egrep '"([^"]*)?\(([^"]*)?Linux([^"]*)?\)([^"]*)?"' FILE

(now you do not need to escape the double quotes on the outside either, but you need the other backslashes to make the parentheses literal (in ERE))

if you don't want the rest of the line, add -o (match only) also

egrep -o '"([^"]*)?\(([^"]*)?Linux([^"]*)?\)([^"]*)?"' FILE

You didn't give an example so I made a silly one... here is is before:

what
where is "the (lost Linux that I want) to find somewhere" in this file
and some junk
we don't want this thing "here where Linux is (not in brackets)"

and after:

"the (lost Linux that I want) to find somewhere"

(NB: using GNU grep you can do grep -E instead of using egrep)


This should work based on my other findings doing a search
wget https://www.dropbox.com/s/r2pb41rhx65t9zi/BCM20702A0-0a5c-216f.hcd
sudo cp BCM20702A0-0a5c-216f.hcd /lib/firmware/brcm/
sudo modprobe -r btusb
sudo modprobe btusb


How to move / view pictures on Window PC

You should just be able to open it up with Nautilus (the file browser). It should be listed under Computer, on the left side, or on your desktop. It will probably be named something like 100GB Filesystem.

The commands to mount the drive, if it isn't automatically, would be (replace $username$ with your username):

sudo mkdir -p /media/$username$/mydrive
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/$username$/mydrive

Then all of your files would be viewable at /media/$username$/mydrive


How to make sound work on Mozilla Firefox 52?

Firefox 52 comes built-in with pulseaudio as default sound output.

So on a system with alsa only, sound is broken on firefox 52.

You can either rebuild firefox 52 with alsa using --disable-pulseaudio --enable-alsa as compile option switches.

Or install pulseaudio if you dare!


Does ubuntu wifi sharing process support samsung Galaxy Tab 2 10.1?

I've been using this method for a while to share between 3 android devices (Nexus 7 , Nexus 9 and Desire 816) as well as the odd laptop and it works without a hitch on Ubuntu 14.10 using unity.

I think the main difference and the only change you may need to make is changing the connection type to ap as described in the guide i linked.


You should start the service (mongod) using root or sudo. Such as:

sudo service mongod start

But then, without needing root, connect using the mongo client

mongo


Can't execute Remarkable markdown editor

sitzmoebelchronograph commented a workaround for the crash in the Remarkable Github project issue #14.

  I can confirm this issue.

  On my Debian stretch I sloved this by editing
  /usr/share/remarkable/ui/RemarkableWindow.ui I disabled all stuff from
  line 834 to 842 like this:

           <!--
                <child>
                  <object class="GtkMenuItem" id="mnu_about">
                    <property name="related_action"/>
                    <property name="visible">True</property>
                    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
                    <property name="label" translatable="yes">About</property>
                    <property name="use_underline">True</property>
                  </object>
                </child>
               -->

  This will disable the "About" menu entry in remarkables "Help" menu.
  This will fix the start issue for me. Hope this will help you guys to
  fix your issues too


How to see which accounts contain unread e-mails when they are not expanded?

Ok, it's really a theme issue. Obviously many themes suck and don't display that, but I found a theme which does.