Maybe not the response that you're waiting for, but it gets painful to manage several php versions in your machine.

I've found that the best approach is to have a newer php version (php7+) as primary, and if I need something older or another specific version, I use a container with apache/php from here or use this as base image and modify it as necessary, it has great instructions to do that.

In the case that I need an older php version (unsupported so be careful), I can just build from an older OS version with support for that particular version.

The advantages of this approach are, first, that you don't mess up your machine with lots of packages and dependencies. Second, you don't pollute your php install with all the dependencies and packages that eventually will conflict with each other due to version-incompatibility. Finally, and super importantly, dockerizing apps will give you a replicable recipe for your production environment.

Even if you don't choose this as your approach, take a look at docker. It will make your like easier and it's "the thing" used in development nowadays.


Need advice for programming languages for a custom GUI

I'd personally go with Java, since it's multiplatform and simpler than C++. You can use JavaFx for your GUI (Swing is also an option, but it seems that JavaFx is the official GUI framework now) and java-simple-serial-connector for interfacing with the serial port.


How to install Synaptic package manager that I have already downloaded the package using Windows?

By default, the Ubuntu Software Center is used for installing packages and/or new software. Try looking for "Ubuntu Software Center" in the dash instead of synaptic package manger.

If you really want to install synaptic package mangager, see this question


I have only part answer to this question as of now.

Use commands

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

These should update almost every component in your setup.

Since there are bug reports and last one seems being fixed as well. I hope these 3 commands at some point will fix the issue of GUI crashing as well.


Lenovo Yoga 3 14 Qualcomm Atheros device 168c:0041 rev 20 Not working

Please download this file to your desktop: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/backports/stable/v4.3/backports-4.3-1.tar.gz Right-click it and select 'Extract Here.' Now, in the terminal:

cd ~/Desktop/backports-4.3.1
make defconfig-ath10k
make
sudo make install

You will have built the driver for your current kernel version only. When Update Manager installs a later kernel version, also known as linux-image, after the requested reboot, re-compile:

cd ~/Desktop/backports-4.3.1
make clean
make defconfig-ath10k
make
sudo make install

Please retain the files and these instructions for that time.

This device also requires firmware. Please download this package to your desktop: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-firmware/linux-firmware_1.149.3_all.deb

Now, back to the terminal:

cd ~/Desktop
sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

Reboot and your wireless should be working.

Let's try a driver parameter. From the terminal:

sudo -i
echo "options ath10k_core skip_otp=y" > /etc/modprobe.d/ath10k.conf
exit

Let's also remove bcmwl-kernel-source:

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source

Reboot and tell us if there is any improvement.

In your paste, we see this:

  [    2.295514] ath10k_pci 0000:02:00.0: Direct firmware load for
  ath10k/QCA6174/hw2.1/board-pci-168c:0041:17aa:3545.bin failed with
  error -2 [    2.295521] ath10k_pci 0000:02:00.0: failed to load spec
  board file, falling back to generic: -2 [    3.479967] ath10k_pci
  0000:02:00.0: firmware crashed! (uuid
  c3a5f1c6-425d-45ac-94df-2d6f6096c816)

Let's try a different and, perhaps newer firmware file. In a terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/kvalo/ath10k-firmware.git
cd ath10k-firmware/QCA6174/hw2.1
sudo cp *  /lib/firmware/QCA6174/hw2.1
cd /lib/firmware/ath10k/QCA6174/hw2.1
sudo mv firmware-5.bin_SW_RM.1.1.1-00157-QCARMSWPZ-1  firmware-5.bin

Reboot and tell us if it is working now. If not, give us a new paste:

dmesg | grep ath


Merge two partitions without reinstalling Ubuntu in a dual boot system

So one option that you could do if you have extra space on the Ubuntu partition. You can shrink the Ubuntu partition, and then with the unused space then expand the Windows partition.

Here is a link that talks about resizing a partition in Ubuntu.

Once you have the new unused space you can then expand the windows partition. Here is a link to resize a partition in Windows.

And here is another option on how to resize the volume with easeus.


Try this solution.. This solution works for most of the people
http://itsfoss.com/fix-brightness-ubuntu-1310/


My Samba share isnt asking for username and password when connecting

I'm making a big assumption here but ....

Your use of the term "network drive" implies the client is Windows. Did the samba user you add match the Windows user's username and password. If you did then what you are experiencing is normal. Windows automatically passes the current user's name and password when it tries to connect to a share. If they match what you set in samba then access is seamless. It will also remember the correct credentials it used the last time it accessed the server.

You can test that if you want. Temporarily disable the samba user:

sudo smbpasswd -d username

Then try to access the share. You should be prompted for credentials.

Note: To re-enable the samba user:

sudo smbpasswd -e username


Ubuntu 16 LTS stuck on boot - /dev/sda5 clean

Because of the "Reached target Swap" error, the problem may be related to your swap partition on your hard disk. (You shouldn't be running fsck on sda6... if you are, then that is why you're getting this error, and you can ignore the rest of this answer.)

I've reviewed your sudo blkid and cat /etc/fstab output, and they look OK... the UUID's from sda5 and sda6 match correctly.

Lets try to temporarily disable swap, and see if the machine boots fully. At the root command prompt, type:

sudo pico /etc/fstab

change this line:

UUID=806ceccd-9af2-48d1-8995-4ca5e48342ba none swap sw 0 0

to this:

#UUID=806ceccd-9af2-48d1-8995-4ca5e48342ba none swap sw 0 0

control-o # to save the edit

control-x # to exit the editor

reboot

And see if the machine will fully boot. Report back.

Note: if the machine does NOT boot fully, you'll need to reverse this edit.

Update #1:

Lets temporarily enable console logging so we can see where it stops booting. You'll reverse this process later.

At the root command prompt:

sudo pico /etc/default/grub

Find the line, near the top, that contains the words quiet splash and remove those two words. Remember where you do this, so that you can replace them later.

control-o # save the edits

control-x # exit the editor

sudo update-grub # update grub

reboot # reboot the computer

Watch where the boot stops, for errors, or for the last few lines of text, to help determine where the problem is.


tftpd-hpa server (timeout from client side) please help

On this way work for me

Install following packages.

sudo apt-get install xinetd tftpd tftp

Create /etc/xinetd.d/tftp and put this entry

service tftp
{
protocol        = udp
port            = 69
socket_type     = dgram
wait            = yes
user            = nobody
server          = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args     = /tftpboot
disable         = no
}

Create a folder /tftpboot this should match whatever you gave in server_args. mostly it will be tftpboot

sudo mkdir /tftpboot
sudo chmod -R 777 /tftpboot
sudo chown -R nobody /tftpboot

Restart the xinetd service.

sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd restart


How do I create a software raid on non system drives in Ubuntu 14.04?

It's the same thing. I assume now the sda is your ssd harddrive and sdb,sdc and sdd are the 1TB disks:

Create /dev/sdb Partition

Please follow the below instructions to create partition on /dev/sdb drive.

# fdisk /dev/sdb

Press ‘n‘ for creating new partition.
Then choose ‘P‘ for Primary partition. Here we are choosing Primary because there is no partitions defined yet.
Then choose ‘1‘ to be the first partition. By default it will be 1.
Here for cylinder size we don’t have to choose the specified size because we need the whole partition for RAID so just Press Enter two times to choose the default full size.
Next press ‘p‘ to print the created partition.
Change the Type, If we need to know the every available types Press ‘L‘.
Here, we are selecting ‘fd‘ as my type is RAID.
Next press ‘p‘ to print the defined partition.
Then again use ‘p‘ to print the changes what we have made.
Use ‘w‘ to write the changes.
Note: We have to follow the steps mentioned above to create partitions for sdc & sdd drives too.

# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1

now check if raid is done:

# cat /proc/mdstat

now you can create partitions on /dev/md0

Good luck!

I extracted the instructions from http://www.tecmint.com/create-raid-5-in-linux/


The iso image is the liveCD / installer. A liveCD is read-only: think of it as a CD-ROM, only it is stored on a USB stick. The system "installs itself" in the memory only, and as soon as you switch off the computer it goes away. The LiveCD has two purposes:

trying out Ubuntu
rescue disk

You have three options.

Install Ubuntu on a hard drive. For this, you need to have space on your hard drive (you can use Windows to reduce the amount the space they are taking up). You do the installation by clicking on the "Install Ubuntu" icon on the desktop in the live system.
Install Ubuntu on the Windows partition of a hard drive. This does not require partitioning, because Ubuntu will be installed within the Windows partition. However, it is known not to work in some cases. Go here from Windows and click on the "Windows installer" button.
Install Ubuntu on a USB stick in a permanent mode. It is possible to do a "real" installation on a USB stick. If you want that, read this guide.


Using sudo apt-get purge <package-name> will remove <package-name> and all of it's config file that are not located in "Home" (~).

You will have to remove config files in your home directory manually.  Since these files are hidden you will have to press Ctrl + H to view them in Nautilus.

A good reference to look at:  What is the correct way to completely remove an application?


disable smart quotes ubuntu server 16 and desktop 16

I removed ubuntu server, and installed ubuntu 16 desktop alone. This solved the problem. I still do not know why this happens in ubuntu server.


How to upgrade mysql 5.5 to Mysql 5.6 on 12.04?

I have prepared experimental PPA with MySQL 5.6 packages based on MySQL 5.5 Debian packages.  No guarantee that it will work right away, but I would be grateful if you can try it and report back success (or failure).

The PPA can be found at: https://launchpad.net/~ondrej/+archive/mysql-experimental

There's also a MySQL 5.5 PPA with latest upstream release found at: https://launchpad.net/~ondrej/+archive/mysql


sbuild and pbuilder have developed over the years to have nearly identical functionality, and as features are added to either, they tend to be quickly adopted by the other.

As Debian packaging is a policy-driven format, it is a significant aid in determining whether a given build issue is a bug in the implementation of the builder or a problem with the package being built to have multiple implementations of a build system.  In order to maintain this, the leading build systems must all have strong partisans supporting them, in a spirit of collaborative competition towards ensuring that we have the most correct available implementations of policy.

The internal mechanics of sbuild and pbuilder differ considerably, so precisely which packages are pulled to satisfy build-dependencies or how they are pulled, the precise mechanism by which the various targets in debian/rules are called, etc. may differ, causing some slight differences in behaviour in very specific cases for certain packages.  Most of the time this represents a bug in one or the other implementation, and sometimes reflects a lack of clarity in packaging policy: in any case, behaviour changes ought be resolved.

Official buildds in both Debian and Ubuntu use sbuild (although often not the sbuild available from the archives), which is considered an advantage by some developers, as they have greater confidence that their configuration matches that to which their package will be exposed when built, although if everyone does this, we lose the ability to distinguish bugs in policy from bugs in sbuild.

Historically, my understanding is that pbuilder development initially focused on the needs of the developer as end-user and sbuild development initially focused on the needs of buildd and archive adminstrators.  Recently, these focuses have switched, as people have built archive management systems based on pbuilder, and more helpful developer tools using sbuild.

Both tools (or their commonly available close derivatives) support storing chroots as tarballs, unpacked on the system, in separate volumes (with available hooks for special mounting: e.g. LVM snapshots), using overlay filesystems, using copy-on-write semantics, etc.  Both tools offer trivial command-line tools to streamline the common case (test-build a package) and rich hook semantics to support complex cases (large archives).  Both provide a means to create a test environment in a chroot.  In short, both tools provide just about anything you might think you wanted in a package building tool (and both have active upstreams happy to accept bugs and patches).

In summary: if you're happy with pbuilder, keep using it.  If you want to play with sbuild, feel free.  The best tool is the one you are comfortable using for the sort of work you do.


USB drive encrypted with VeraCrypt on Windows doesn't automount on Ubuntu

Can I install veracrypt on my ubuntu machine and un-encrypt it?

Of course you can install VeraCrypt on Linux.

Download the Linux version archive from the official website, extract the installer and run it.

You can mount the USB drive manually?

Maybe the VeraCrypt auto mount function is only for mounting drives at the OS boot time.


How can I install programs from a 3rd party

I assume you are talking about downloaded .deb files which you simply doubleclick to install. There is a second way to install such files.

You can install .deb files as follows

sudo dpkg -i /path/to/local/package.deb


I have just installed LAMP server through tasksel. Can I use it in any graphical way?

Apache

Webmin (Installation guide)

  Webmin is a web-based interface for system administration for Unix. Using any modern web browser, you can setup user accounts, Apache, DNS, file sharing and much more. Webmin removes the need to manually edit Unix configuration files like /etc/passwd, and lets you manage a system from the console or remotely. See the standard modules page for a list of all the functions built into Webmin, or check out the screenshots.

There is also apacheConf.

  ApacheConf is the progam that can configure the remote Apache servers on Linux machines. It will help you to tune the main Apache configuration httpd.conf file on Linux. ApacheConf presents all the information in the httpd.conf file in a structured view. All of the server's directives are grouped by category (Global parameters, Main server's parameters, Directories, Virtual hosts, etc) and all these groups are represented as a tree. In this way, you can see the entire structure of the server on Linux computer at a glance and you can easily manage all of the server's directives, as well as the directories and virtual hosts.

It has some cave-ats: it implements its own structure and ignores any Ubuntu specific configuration and you are bound to the GUI (if it is not implemented into the GUI...)

  MySQL

For MySQL I would suggest MySQL Workbench. There is a special APT repo for MySQL Workbench. From the link:

  The MySQL APT repository provides a simple and convenient way to
  install and update MySQL products with the latest software packages
  using Apt.

  The APT repository supports the following Linux Distros:

Debian - 7
Ubuntu - 12.04 LTS
Ubuntu - 14.04 LTS
Ubuntu - 14.10

  MySQL APT repository includes the latest packages:

MySQL 5.6 (GA)
MySQL 5.7 (Development Release)
MySQL Workbench 6.2 (GA) - Ubuntu Only
MySQL Connector / Python

  PHP

There probably is not a lot for PHP besides the "phpinfo()" function you can add to a webpage and show anything loaded. Example from the link:

<?php

// Show all information, defaults to INFO_ALL
phpinfo();

// Show just the module information.
// phpinfo(8) yields identical results.
phpinfo(INFO_MODULES);

?>

Save it in your root as "phpinfo.php" and point your browser to it (ie. http://localhost/phpinfo.php)


How can I fix corrupted icons on task bar?

In my experience, this usually happens if you're using the nouveau video driver, or some other video driver that does not work well with the KDE/Qt icon cache.

Technical details aside, I haven't been able to figure out a way to fix the issue without using a different video driver. If you have an NVIDIA video card, a possible solution would be to install the proprietary nvidia drivers, available from the "restricted drivers" application.

You can enable these drivers by opening up the [K] menu , selecting "Applications", then "System", and start the "Additional drivers" application to install the nvidia drivers.


Yes, there are issues with 11.10. You can solve some of them by paying close attention to your system, whereas others are very hard to fix. Fortunately, most of these issues are gone Precise Pangolin (to become 12.04 in April) so we have good times ahead. If it's a big problem for you, then I would recommend that you install 10.04 if that's possible, since that will be upgradeable to 12.04 when it's released. Or, if you're a bit more adventurous, you can upgrade/install 12.04 now. It is under development, so you'll have to watch out a little bit when you install upgrades, but there have been rather few issues with it. On both my desktop and laptop, 12.04 is much better than 11.10. Battery time on my laptop has gone from 3.5-4 hours to more than 5 hours.

If it's not too big a problem, and you don't feel too adventurous, then I would recommend just waiting a little while and upgrade to 12.04.


Install DPKG package without updating and upgrating the whole system

I often avoid sudo apt upgrade for many weeks when my system is running well. If there is a particular need for example security or new app features I will run it. First I check Ask Ubuntu to ensure there are no new bugs reported with upgrade.

What I do when I want a new package is:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install paxkage-name

The update doesn't remove software as happened with your Firefox.

The update will tell me X packages are upgradable but I simply ignore the message until I have time to study what will get  upgraded.


The system is waiting for a password in the background.

Enter your root password and hit enter
Enter a new password which will be used to register a Machine Owner Key (MOK) for the vboxdrv kernel module
Repeat the password you entered in (2)
Wait for the process to complete and reboot your system
On bootup, follow the instructions to register the MOK

This did the trick for me.


Ubuntu 18.04 has different python versions?

You have two versions because 18.04 happened to be in the middle of Ubuntu's conversion from Py2 to Py3. So you have both versions on your system. Newer releases have only Python3.

DO NOT remove the default versions of Py2 and Py3 provided with Ubuntu 16.04 or 18.04. Doing so will break your system quite horribly.

On Ubuntu 19.10 and newer, Py2 is no longer included with the default install of Ubuntu, and is no longer in the -main pocket of the Ubuntu repository. It's still in the repositories (moved to -universe), and some -universe and -multiverse packages still depend upon Py2...but they are not part of a new install.


How do I run an executable Truecrypt file from a pendrive?

You can try this:

Open the Terminal: Alt+Ctrl+T
Go to the directory, which contains the executable file

cd /media/Kingston/usr/bin

Change the permissions of the file to make sure it is executable (if you get "Permission denied" on this command, use sudo chmod ... instead of chmod ...):

chmod +x truecrypt

Execute the file like this (again as root)

./truecrypt


Configure external display on Ubuntu 11.10

The monitor has an "Overscan" option in the menu under Image Control > Custom Scaling> Overscan which was set to Auto, changing this to Off displays the image correctly.


Ubuntu Login Fails, Opens Inittramfs Terminal

After a bit of a Hail Mary, I came across Boot drops to a (initramfs) prompts/busybox, specifically @ramsudharsan's answer wich is what was happening to me.  I used the following and am now able to log in again.

 fsck /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root -y

then,

 reboot


Slow speed and bad connection on Ubuntu 16.04 lts with Realtek 8188ee

On line 83, it says:

3: wlo1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000

for a WiFi interface, 1500 is too high a value for the MTU, and causes packet fragmentation. Install tracepath, and use it to find your optimal "Path MTU", or just change your MTU to 1492.


Assuming you're talking about the stuff that maas-import-pxe-files gets, you can see the file sizes here:

http://maas.ubuntu.com/images/ephemeral/releases/raring/release-20130429/

285M for i386 raring, for example.


How much hard disk space does Unity Desktop use?

For my Ubuntu 14.04 server, it seems installing Unity would take 566MB of disk space.

(See bottom)

ubuntu@server:~$ sudo apt-get install unity
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  account-plugin-facebook account-plugin-flickr account-plugin-google
  account-plugin-twitter apg appmenu-qt appmenu-qt5 aptdaemon aspell aspell-en
  avahi-daemon avahi-utils bamfdaemon bluez cheese-common compiz compiz-core
  compiz-gnome compiz-plugins-default cracklib-runtime crda cups cups-browsed
  cups-client cups-common cups-core-drivers cups-daemon cups-filters
  cups-filters-core-drivers cups-pk-helper cups-ppdc cups-server-common
  dconf-cli diffstat dnsmasq-base enchant evolution-data-server
  evolution-data-server-common evolution-data-server-online-accounts friends
  friends-dispatcher friends-facebook friends-twitter gcr geoclue
  geoclue-ubuntu-geoip ghostscript gir1.2-accounts-1.0 gir1.2-atk-1.0
  gir1.2-dbusmenu-glib-0.4 gir1.2-dee-1.0 gir1.2-ebook-1.2
  gir1.2-ebookcontacts-1.2 gir1.2-edataserver-1.2 gir1.2-freedesktop
  gir1.2-gdata-0.0 gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0
  gir1.2-goa-1.0 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gir1.2-ibus-1.0 gir1.2-messagingmenu-1.0
  gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 gir1.2-notify-0.7 gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0
  gir1.2-pango-1.0 gir1.2-signon-1.0 gir1.2-soup-2.4 gir1.2-unity-5.0
  gkbd-capplet glib-networking glib-networking-common glib-networking-services
  gnome-bluetooth gnome-calculator gnome-control-center-shared-data
  gnome-desktop3-data gnome-icon-theme gnome-icon-theme-symbolic gnome-keyring
  gnome-menus gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver gnome-session-bin
  gnome-settings-daemon-schemas gnome-system-monitor gnome-user-guide
  gnome-user-share gsettings-desktop-schemas gsettings-ubuntu-schemas gsfonts
  gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gstreamer1.0-clutter gstreamer1.0-plugins-base
  gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-x gvfs-backends hardening-includes
  hud humanity-icon-theme hwdata ibus ibus-gtk ibus-gtk3 im-config
  indicator-application indicator-appmenu indicator-bluetooth
  indicator-datetime indicator-keyboard indicator-messages indicator-power
  indicator-printers indicator-session indicator-sound iputils-arping iw
  libaa1 libaccount-plugin-1.0-0 libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth
  libaccount-plugin-google libaccounts-glib0 libaccounts-qt5-1
  libappindicator3-1 libapt-pkg-perl libarchive-zip-perl libarchive13
  libasound2-plugins libaspell15 libatkmm-1.6-1 libaudio2 libauthen-sasl-perl
  libautodie-perl libavahi-core7 libavc1394-0 libbamf3-2 libbluetooth3
  libcaca0 libcairomm-1.0-1 libcamel-1.2-45 libcanberra-gtk3-0
  libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-pulse libcdio-cdda1 libcdio-paranoia1
  libcdio13 libcdparanoia0 libcheese-gtk23 libcheese7 libclone-perl
  libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-1.0-common libclutter-gst-2.0-0
  libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 libcogl-common libcogl-pango15 libcogl15 libcolumbus1
  libcolumbus1-common libcompizconfig0 libcrack2 libcupscgi1 libcupsfilters1
  libcupsimage2 libcupsmime1 libcupsppdc1 libdaemon0 libdbusmenu-glib4
  libdbusmenu-gtk3-4 libdbusmenu-qt2 libdbusmenu-qt5 libdecoration0
  libdee-1.0-4 libdigest-hmac-perl libdv4 libebackend-1.2-7 libebook-1.2-14
  libebook-contacts-1.2-0 libecal-1.2-16 libedata-book-1.2-20
  libedata-cal-1.2-23 libedataserver-1.2-18 libegl1-mesa libegl1-mesa-drivers
  libelfg0 libemail-valid-perl libenchant1c2a libfftw3-single3
  libfile-basedir-perl libfontembed1 libframe6 libfriends0 libgbm1
  libgcr-ui-3-1 libgdata-common libgdata13 libgee2 libgeis1 libgeoclue0
  libglamor0 libgles2-mesa libglew1.10 libglewmx1.10 libglib2.0-bin
  libglibmm-2.4-1c2a libgnome-bluetooth11 libgnome-desktop-3-7
  libgnome-keyring-common libgnome-keyring0 libgnome-menu-3-0
  libgnomekbd-common libgnomekbd8 libgoa-1.0-0b libgoa-1.0-common libgrail6
  libgs9 libgs9-common libgsettings-qt1 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0
  libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0 libgstreamer0.10-0 libgtkmm-3.0-1 libgtop2-7
  libgtop2-common libgutenprint2 libgweather-3-6 libgweather-common
  libibus-1.0-5 libical1 libido3-0.1-0 libiec61883-0 libijs-0.35
  libimobiledevice4 libindicator3-7 libio-pty-perl libio-socket-inet6-perl
  libio-socket-ssl-perl libipc-run-perl libipc-system-simple-perl
  libjack-jackd2-0 libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjbig2dec0 libjson-glib-1.0-0
  libjson-glib-1.0-common libldb1 liblightdm-gobject-1-0
  liblist-moreutils-perl liblzo2-2 libmailtools-perl libmbim-glib0
  libmessaging-menu0 libmetacity-private0a libmm-glib0 libmnl0 libmtdev1
  libmtp-common libmtp-runtime libmtp9 libnet-dns-perl libnet-domain-tld-perl
  libnet-ip-perl libnet-libidn-perl libnet-smtp-ssl-perl libnet-ssleay-perl
  libnetfilter-conntrack3 libnettle4 libnl-3-200 libnl-genl-3-200
  libnl-route-3-200 libnm-glib-vpn1 libnm-glib4 libnm-gtk-common libnm-gtk0
  libnm-util2 libnotify4 libnss-mdns libnux-4.0-0 libnux-4.0-common liboauth0
  libopenobex1 libopenvg1-mesa libp11-kit-gnome-keyring libpackagekit-glib2-16
  libpam-gnome-keyring libpango1.0-0 libpangomm-1.4-1 libpangox-1.0-0
  libpangoxft-1.0-0 libperlio-gzip-perl libplist1 libpocketsphinx1
  libprotobuf8 libproxy1 libpulse-mainloop-glib0 libpulsedsp
  libpwquality-common libpwquality1 libqmi-glib0 libqpdf13 libqt4-dbus
  libqt4-declarative libqt4-network libqt4-script libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql
  libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5gui5
  libqt5network5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5positioning5 libqt5printsupport5
  libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5sensors5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite
  libqt5test5 libqt5webkit5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5xml5 libqtcore4 libqtdbus4
  libqtgui4 libraw1394-11 libreadline5 librest-0.7-0 librsvg2-2
  librsvg2-common libsamplerate0 libshout3 libsignon-extension1
  libsignon-glib1 libsignon-plugins-common1 libsignon-qt5-1 libsmbclient
  libsocket6-perl libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsoup2.4-1 libspeex1 libspeexdsp1
  libsphinxbase1 libspice-server1 libstartup-notification0
  libsub-identify-perl libsystemd-journal0 libtag1-vanilla libtag1c2a
  libtalloc2 libtelepathy-glib0 libtevent0 libtext-levenshtein-perl libtheora0
  libtimezonemap1 libunity-control-center1 libunity-core-6.0-9
  libunity-gtk2-parser0 libunity-gtk3-parser0 libunity-misc4
  libunity-protocol-private0 libunity-scopes-json-def-desktop libunity9
  libunityvoice1 libupower-glib1 liburi-perl liburl-dispatcher1 libusbmuxd2
  libvisual-0.4-0 libvisual-0.4-plugins libwacom-common libwacom2 libwavpack1
  libwayland-egl1-mesa libwayland-server0 libwbclient0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-0
  libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libwnck-3-0 libwnck-3-common libwnck-common
  libwnck22 libxatracker2 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1
  libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-util0 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcb-xkb1
  libxkbcommon-x11-0 libxkbfile1 libxklavier16 libxres1 libxvmc1 libyelp0
  libzeitgeist-1.0-1 libzeitgeist-2.0-0 lightdm lintian metacity-common
  mobile-broadband-provider-info modemmanager mousetweaks nautilus-data
  network-manager network-manager-gnome network-manager-pptp
  network-manager-pptp-gnome notification-daemon nux-tools obex-data-server
  obexd-client p11-kit p11-kit-modules patchutils poppler-data poppler-utils
  pptp-linux printer-driver-gutenprint pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-x11
  pulseaudio-utils python-cairo python-crypto python-cups python-cupshelpers
  python-dbus python-dbus-dev python-gconf python-gi python-gnomekeyring
  python-gobject python-gobject-2 python-gtk2 python-ldb python-libxml2
  python-notify python-samba python-smbc python-talloc python-tdb python-xdg
  python-zeitgeist python3-aptdaemon python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat python3-crypto
  python3-defer python3-feedparser python3-httplib2 python3-lxml
  python3-oauthlib qdbus qpdf qtchooser qtcore4-l10n rtkit samba-common
  samba-common-bin samba-libs session-migration signon-keyring-extension
  signon-plugin-oauth2 signon-ui signond smbclient sphinx-voxforge-hmm-en
  sphinx-voxforge-lm-en system-config-printer-common
  system-config-printer-gnome system-config-printer-udev t1utils
  telepathy-indicator ubuntu-system-service unity-asset-pool
  unity-control-center unity-control-center-signon unity-greeter
  unity-gtk-module-common unity-gtk2-module unity-gtk3-module
  unity-lens-applications unity-lens-files unity-lens-friends unity-lens-music
  unity-lens-photos unity-lens-video unity-scope-audacious
  unity-scope-calculator unity-scope-chromiumbookmarks unity-scope-clementine
  unity-scope-colourlovers unity-scope-devhelp unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks
  unity-scope-gdrive unity-scope-gmusicbrowser unity-scope-gourmet
  unity-scope-guayadeque unity-scope-home unity-scope-manpages
  unity-scope-musicstores unity-scope-musique unity-scope-openclipart
  unity-scope-texdoc unity-scope-tomboy unity-scope-video-remote
  unity-scope-virtualbox unity-scope-yelp unity-scope-zotero
  unity-scopes-master-default unity-scopes-runner unity-services
  unity-settings-daemon unity-voice-service upower usb-modeswitch
  usb-modeswitch-data usbmuxd wireless-regdb wpasupplicant x11-xkb-utils
  xfonts-base xserver-common xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core
  xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-mouse
  xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse
  xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-ati
  xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
  xserver-xorg-video-glamoregl xserver-xorg-video-intel
  xserver-xorg-video-mach64 xserver-xorg-video-mga
  xserver-xorg-video-modesetting xserver-xorg-video-neomagic
  xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-openchrome
  xserver-xorg-video-qxl xserver-xorg-video-r128 xserver-xorg-video-radeon
  xserver-xorg-video-s3 xserver-xorg-video-savage
  xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion xserver-xorg-video-sis
  xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx xserver-xorg-video-trident
  xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware yelp yelp-xsl zeitgeist
  zeitgeist-core zeitgeist-datahub
Suggested packages:
  libqt5core5 aspell-doc spellutils avahi-autoipd bluez-hcidump cups-bsd
  foomatic-db-compressed-ppds foomatic-db printer-driver-hpcups hplip cups-pdf
  xpp evolution evolution-data-server-dbg ghostscript-x hpijs apache2.2-bin
  libapache2-mod-dnssd ibus-clutter ibus-doc ibus-qt4 click zenity
  unity-greeter-session-broadcast lrzip nas libgssapi-perl libdv-bin
  oss-compat libenchant-voikko libfftw3-bin libfftw3-dev glew-utils
  fonts-droid gstreamer-codec-install gnome-codec-install gstreamer0.10-tools
  gstreamer0.10-plugins-base gutenprint-locales jackd2
  libqt4-declarative-folderlistmodel libqt4-declarative-gestures
  libqt4-declarative-particles libqt4-declarative-shaders qt4-qmlviewer
  libqt4-dev libicu48 qt4-qtconfig libraw1394-doc librsvg2-bin speex
  unity-common libwww-perl url-dispatcher binutils-multiarch
  libhtml-parser-perl libtext-template-perl libyaml-perl gnome-control-center
  nautilus network-manager-openconnect-gnome network-manager-openvpn-gnome
  network-manager-vpnc-gnome fonts-japanese-mincho fonts-ipafont-mincho
  fonts-japanese-gothic fonts-ipafont-gothic fonts-arphic-ukai
  fonts-arphic-uming fonts-unfonts-core gutenprint-doc pavumeter paman
  pavucontrol paprefs pulseaudio-module-raop pulseaudio-esound-compat
  python-crypto-dbg python-crypto-doc python-dbus-doc python-dbus-dbg
  python-gnome2-doc python-gi-cairo python-gobject-2-dbg python-gtk2-doc
  python3-crypto-dbg python3-lxml-dbg qt4-default qt5-default heimdal-clients
  cifs-utils libcanberra-gtk-module x11-xserver-utils
  lightdm-remote-session-freerdp lightdm-remote-session-uccsconfigure
  remote-login-service audacious clementine gmusicbrowser guayadeque musique
  tomboy metacity x-window-manager comgt wvdial wpagui
  libengine-pkcs11-openssl xfs xserver xfonts-100dpi xfonts-75dpi
  xfonts-scalable gpointing-device-settings touchfreeze xinput firmware-linux
  linux-firmware
Recommended packages:
  indicator-applet indicator-renderer
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  account-plugin-facebook account-plugin-flickr account-plugin-google
  account-plugin-twitter apg appmenu-qt appmenu-qt5 aptdaemon aspell aspell-en
  avahi-daemon avahi-utils bamfdaemon bluez cheese-common compiz compiz-core
  compiz-gnome compiz-plugins-default cracklib-runtime crda cups cups-browsed
  cups-client cups-common cups-core-drivers cups-daemon cups-filters
  cups-filters-core-drivers cups-pk-helper cups-ppdc cups-server-common
  dconf-cli diffstat dnsmasq-base enchant evolution-data-server
  evolution-data-server-common evolution-data-server-online-accounts friends
  friends-dispatcher friends-facebook friends-twitter gcr geoclue
  geoclue-ubuntu-geoip ghostscript gir1.2-accounts-1.0 gir1.2-atk-1.0
  gir1.2-dbusmenu-glib-0.4 gir1.2-dee-1.0 gir1.2-ebook-1.2
  gir1.2-ebookcontacts-1.2 gir1.2-edataserver-1.2 gir1.2-freedesktop
  gir1.2-gdata-0.0 gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0
  gir1.2-goa-1.0 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gir1.2-ibus-1.0 gir1.2-messagingmenu-1.0
  gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 gir1.2-notify-0.7 gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0
  gir1.2-pango-1.0 gir1.2-signon-1.0 gir1.2-soup-2.4 gir1.2-unity-5.0
  gkbd-capplet glib-networking glib-networking-common glib-networking-services
  gnome-bluetooth gnome-calculator gnome-control-center-shared-data
  gnome-desktop3-data gnome-icon-theme gnome-icon-theme-symbolic gnome-keyring
  gnome-menus gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver gnome-session-bin
  gnome-settings-daemon-schemas gnome-system-monitor gnome-user-guide
  gnome-user-share gsettings-desktop-schemas gsettings-ubuntu-schemas gsfonts
  gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gstreamer1.0-clutter gstreamer1.0-plugins-base
  gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-x gvfs-backends hardening-includes
  hud humanity-icon-theme hwdata ibus ibus-gtk ibus-gtk3 im-config
  indicator-application indicator-appmenu indicator-bluetooth
  indicator-datetime indicator-keyboard indicator-messages indicator-power
  indicator-printers indicator-session indicator-sound iputils-arping iw
  libaa1 libaccount-plugin-1.0-0 libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth
  libaccount-plugin-google libaccounts-glib0 libaccounts-qt5-1
  libappindicator3-1 libapt-pkg-perl libarchive-zip-perl libarchive13
  libasound2-plugins libaspell15 libatkmm-1.6-1 libaudio2 libauthen-sasl-perl
  libautodie-perl libavahi-core7 libavc1394-0 libbamf3-2 libbluetooth3
  libcaca0 libcairomm-1.0-1 libcamel-1.2-45 libcanberra-gtk3-0
  libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-pulse libcdio-cdda1 libcdio-paranoia1
  libcdio13 libcdparanoia0 libcheese-gtk23 libcheese7 libclone-perl
  libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-1.0-common libclutter-gst-2.0-0
  libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 libcogl-common libcogl-pango15 libcogl15 libcolumbus1
  libcolumbus1-common libcompizconfig0 libcrack2 libcupscgi1 libcupsfilters1
  libcupsimage2 libcupsmime1 libcupsppdc1 libdaemon0 libdbusmenu-glib4
  libdbusmenu-gtk3-4 libdbusmenu-qt2 libdbusmenu-qt5 libdecoration0
  libdee-1.0-4 libdigest-hmac-perl libdv4 libebackend-1.2-7 libebook-1.2-14
  libebook-contacts-1.2-0 libecal-1.2-16 libedata-book-1.2-20
  libedata-cal-1.2-23 libedataserver-1.2-18 libegl1-mesa libegl1-mesa-drivers
  libelfg0 libemail-valid-perl libenchant1c2a libfftw3-single3
  libfile-basedir-perl libfontembed1 libframe6 libfriends0 libgbm1
  libgcr-ui-3-1 libgdata-common libgdata13 libgee2 libgeis1 libgeoclue0
  libglamor0 libgles2-mesa libglew1.10 libglewmx1.10 libglib2.0-bin
  libglibmm-2.4-1c2a libgnome-bluetooth11 libgnome-desktop-3-7
  libgnome-keyring-common libgnome-keyring0 libgnome-menu-3-0
  libgnomekbd-common libgnomekbd8 libgoa-1.0-0b libgoa-1.0-common libgrail6
  libgs9 libgs9-common libgsettings-qt1 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0
  libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0 libgstreamer0.10-0 libgtkmm-3.0-1 libgtop2-7
  libgtop2-common libgutenprint2 libgweather-3-6 libgweather-common
  libibus-1.0-5 libical1 libido3-0.1-0 libiec61883-0 libijs-0.35
  libimobiledevice4 libindicator3-7 libio-pty-perl libio-socket-inet6-perl
  libio-socket-ssl-perl libipc-run-perl libipc-system-simple-perl
  libjack-jackd2-0 libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjbig2dec0 libjson-glib-1.0-0
  libjson-glib-1.0-common libldb1 liblightdm-gobject-1-0
  liblist-moreutils-perl liblzo2-2 libmailtools-perl libmbim-glib0
  libmessaging-menu0 libmetacity-private0a libmm-glib0 libmnl0 libmtdev1
  libmtp-common libmtp-runtime libmtp9 libnet-dns-perl libnet-domain-tld-perl
  libnet-ip-perl libnet-libidn-perl libnet-smtp-ssl-perl libnet-ssleay-perl
  libnetfilter-conntrack3 libnettle4 libnl-3-200 libnl-genl-3-200
  libnl-route-3-200 libnm-glib-vpn1 libnm-glib4 libnm-gtk-common libnm-gtk0
  libnm-util2 libnotify4 libnss-mdns libnux-4.0-0 libnux-4.0-common liboauth0
  libopenobex1 libopenvg1-mesa libp11-kit-gnome-keyring libpackagekit-glib2-16
  libpam-gnome-keyring libpango1.0-0 libpangomm-1.4-1 libpangox-1.0-0
  libpangoxft-1.0-0 libperlio-gzip-perl libplist1 libpocketsphinx1
  libprotobuf8 libproxy1 libpulse-mainloop-glib0 libpulsedsp
  libpwquality-common libpwquality1 libqmi-glib0 libqpdf13 libqt4-dbus
  libqt4-declarative libqt4-network libqt4-script libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql
  libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5gui5
  libqt5network5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5positioning5 libqt5printsupport5
  libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5sensors5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite
  libqt5test5 libqt5webkit5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5xml5 libqtcore4 libqtdbus4
  libqtgui4 libraw1394-11 libreadline5 librest-0.7-0 librsvg2-2
  librsvg2-common libsamplerate0 libshout3 libsignon-extension1
  libsignon-glib1 libsignon-plugins-common1 libsignon-qt5-1 libsmbclient
  libsocket6-perl libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsoup2.4-1 libspeex1 libspeexdsp1
  libsphinxbase1 libspice-server1 libstartup-notification0
  libsub-identify-perl libsystemd-journal0 libtag1-vanilla libtag1c2a
  libtalloc2 libtelepathy-glib0 libtevent0 libtext-levenshtein-perl libtheora0
  libtimezonemap1 libunity-control-center1 libunity-core-6.0-9
  libunity-gtk2-parser0 libunity-gtk3-parser0 libunity-misc4
  libunity-protocol-private0 libunity-scopes-json-def-desktop libunity9
  libunityvoice1 libupower-glib1 liburi-perl liburl-dispatcher1 libusbmuxd2
  libvisual-0.4-0 libvisual-0.4-plugins libwacom-common libwacom2 libwavpack1
  libwayland-egl1-mesa libwayland-server0 libwbclient0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-0
  libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libwnck-3-0 libwnck-3-common libwnck-common
  libwnck22 libxatracker2 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1
  libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-util0 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcb-xkb1
  libxkbcommon-x11-0 libxkbfile1 libxklavier16 libxres1 libxvmc1 libyelp0
  libzeitgeist-1.0-1 libzeitgeist-2.0-0 lightdm lintian metacity-common
  mobile-broadband-provider-info modemmanager mousetweaks nautilus-data
  network-manager network-manager-gnome network-manager-pptp
  network-manager-pptp-gnome notification-daemon nux-tools obex-data-server
  obexd-client p11-kit p11-kit-modules patchutils poppler-data poppler-utils
  pptp-linux printer-driver-gutenprint pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-x11
  pulseaudio-utils python-cairo python-crypto python-cups python-cupshelpers
  python-dbus python-dbus-dev python-gconf python-gi python-gnomekeyring
  python-gobject python-gobject-2 python-gtk2 python-ldb python-libxml2
  python-notify python-samba python-smbc python-talloc python-tdb python-xdg
  python-zeitgeist python3-aptdaemon python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat python3-crypto
  python3-defer python3-feedparser python3-httplib2 python3-lxml
  python3-oauthlib qdbus qpdf qtchooser qtcore4-l10n rtkit samba-common
  samba-common-bin samba-libs session-migration signon-keyring-extension
  signon-plugin-oauth2 signon-ui signond smbclient sphinx-voxforge-hmm-en
  sphinx-voxforge-lm-en system-config-printer-common
  system-config-printer-gnome system-config-printer-udev t1utils
  telepathy-indicator ubuntu-system-service unity unity-asset-pool
  unity-control-center unity-control-center-signon unity-greeter
  unity-gtk-module-common unity-gtk2-module unity-gtk3-module
  unity-lens-applications unity-lens-files unity-lens-friends unity-lens-music
  unity-lens-photos unity-lens-video unity-scope-audacious
  unity-scope-calculator unity-scope-chromiumbookmarks unity-scope-clementine
  unity-scope-colourlovers unity-scope-devhelp unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks
  unity-scope-gdrive unity-scope-gmusicbrowser unity-scope-gourmet
  unity-scope-guayadeque unity-scope-home unity-scope-manpages
  unity-scope-musicstores unity-scope-musique unity-scope-openclipart
  unity-scope-texdoc unity-scope-tomboy unity-scope-video-remote
  unity-scope-virtualbox unity-scope-yelp unity-scope-zotero
  unity-scopes-master-default unity-scopes-runner unity-services
  unity-settings-daemon unity-voice-service upower usb-modeswitch
  usb-modeswitch-data usbmuxd wireless-regdb wpasupplicant x11-xkb-utils
  xfonts-base xserver-common xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core
  xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-mouse
  xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse
  xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-ati
  xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
  xserver-xorg-video-glamoregl xserver-xorg-video-intel
  xserver-xorg-video-mach64 xserver-xorg-video-mga
  xserver-xorg-video-modesetting xserver-xorg-video-neomagic
  xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-openchrome
  xserver-xorg-video-qxl xserver-xorg-video-r128 xserver-xorg-video-radeon
  xserver-xorg-video-s3 xserver-xorg-video-savage
  xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion xserver-xorg-video-sis
  xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx xserver-xorg-video-trident
  xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware yelp yelp-xsl zeitgeist
  zeitgeist-core zeitgeist-datahub
0 upgraded, 563 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 144 MB of archives.
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How can I move the panel from the top to the bottom?

(Assuming you're using the Classic desktop) you can just Super-Alt-Drag the panels.

If you're using Unity, you can't customise this. If it's something you need, I'd strongly suggest trying the classic desktop.


Hit Super (Start button in windows) , Type and and open System Monitor.

For full details system information use HardInfo : Click to install.

HardInfo can display information about both your system's hardware and operating system.


Problem Installing Ubuntu LTS 20.4.1 on a system with a software Raid - Grub-install fails (error: failed to get canoncial path of '/cow')

The solution was:
Step 1: disconnect the RAID (all harddisks connected to the BIOS-Raid).
Step 2: Install Ubuntu 20.04.1 on the SSD (using partitions with ext4 filesystems). Using a harddisk might work as well.
Step 3: After the installation: Reconnect the harddisks. The motherboard BIOS (in my case AS-Rock) does recognise that there was a RAID and shows it without having to reinstall anything. Most importantly no data is lost.
In case you want the installation of Ubuntu to reside on a mirrored disk:
Step 4: Copy the partitions from the SSD to the RAID (in case you want) using an USB Live system (I used PartedMagic).
Step 5: Adjust /etc/fstab
Step 6: With the tool efibootmgr adjust the booting partition to the raid.
Speculation as to what caused the problem:
It seems it was a parsing error of grube-probe with the grub version supplied by Ubunto, which does not occur on Suse Leap/Tumbleweed. That means there have to be differences in the source code between these two distributions.
Statements:

Ubunto 20.04.1 cannot be installed on systems with a software RAID, whether it is supported by the BIOS or generated by a linux distribution.

But Ubunto 20.04.1 does run on systems with a software RAID, just the installation is not supported because the version of grub that is used by Ubunto does not support them. The call that fails is grub-install which in turn calls grub-probe which is the ultimate reason for the failure (most probably due to parsing errors).


How to deny root SSH login + require SSH key for user?

If you want to disallow password logins then just set PasswordAuthentication no in the sshd_conf on the server.

I don't recall exactly, but I think at least no root login is the default.

Attempting to log in as any user on the system, who does not have your public key in their ~/.ssh/authorized_keys will ask for the password, whether or not a password is set, or a shell is available, if password login has not been disabled.

I think what you want is simply:

PasswordAuthentication no
PermitRootLogin no

This will disallow any root login, either with ssh key or password, and will require users to login with a valid key, as included by having the public key in that user's ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file.


You Dont Need To Be Notified.
 I have Dell laptop and I keep it plugged in all the time and I dont bother about the 100 %. Because the hardware has built-in safety against over charge. Furthermore upon wanderinig through internet, and through personal experience I've discovered that for long healthy battery life:

Once you unplug after a full charge let it dfrain upto atleast 60% before plugging it again. That also applies for battery level more than 60%.
let it drain to critical level atleast once in six months before plugging in.
A healthy battery gives Average of 2-7 hrs.
Average laptop battery life is 4 years max(that is alot).


VLC suddenly keeps popping up with JAVA logo and ASCii colour art

Since everything in Linux is a file, a running process is as such as well a file which is located in the /proc folder in which you should not mess around in by hand the probability is very high that at least one task of VLC kept that file for the process alive. So normally a simple reboot after uninstalling VLC would probably have solved it.

About your question if you have been hacked. I can't tell. But for sure sounds iffy somehow, and if I where you I would do a fresh install just to be sure.


I think I may have solved my problem using the deductive principle of throw-mud-on-the-wall:
edit home>.config>zoomus.conf, then set  autoScale=true
so far so good


0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 428 not upgraded

The lines actually say that libqtcore4 is already installed and is the newest version.

But it also says that you have 428 updates to install. Open the update manage with update-manager or type sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade to upgrade your system. dist-upgrade installs new kernels and such it does not install a newer release of Ubuntu.


Synchronize my music between my PC and the microsd on my Lg L70 ms323

Solved with this:

Create a folder for mounting

mkdir -p ~/android.devices/

Unmount any device

fusermount -u /home/`whoami`/android.devices

Mount 1st mtp device found

jmtpfs ~/android.devices/

Sync content

rsync -rtvuc --delete --progress /home/`whoami`/android.devices/SD\ card/Music /home/`whoami`/Music

Unmount device

fusermount -u /home/`whoami`/android.devices


"make" command does not work in directories containing "space"

You are right, it's a bug. More details here, it's documented as #712

You can alter the makefile by escaping spaces, i.e. /home/akib/My\ Directory/, but it's inconsistent and unpredictable at best, since it doesn't always work (best example I can come to mind is when expanding lists of names from variables).

Your best and quickest bet is renaming the problematic folder in the path with _ instead of .

Is it a workaround? Yes. Is it working? Yes once more. Annoying? 3x Yes.


First of all, you can still use their dynamic update client on Ubuntu Core, just download their tarball and use the pre-built binaries out of it.

If that wasn't good enough for you, it would be incredibly easy to make a snap out of it. Create a snapcraft.yaml file, fill it out like so:

name: dynamic-update-client
version: 2.1.9snap1
summary: No-IP dynamic DNS update client
grade: stable
confinement: strict
description: |
  Dynamic DNS Update Client continually checks for IP address changes in the
  background and automatically updates the DNS at No-IP whenever it changes.

apps:
  noip2:
    command: noip2
    plugs: [network, network-bind]

parts:
  dynamic-update-client:
    plugin: make
    source: https://www.noip.com/client/linux/noip-duc-linux.tar.gz
    source-subdir: noip-2.1.9-1
    artifacts: [noip2] # Otherwise it tries to configure while building
    build-packages: [gcc, libc6-dev]
    organize:
      noip2: bin/

and run snapcraft on it.


Installing Windows 7 with Ubuntu from a native Win8 laptop

As I understand the UEFI Secure Boot right, you need to disable the secure boot option, or use a kind of "mixed mode" to be able to boot from an unsigned Media.

So maybe the secure boot lock is what you prevent from booting from the usb key.
If you can boot the from key or external dvd drive you can install Win 7 as used. But afterwards you have to repair your grub bootloader in order to Dual boot. If not only the Win 7 bootloader is installed and you never can boot your linux.

Hope this helps


How to clear a Firefox address bar without selecting its content?

Ctrl + L selects the Location Bar, giving it focus and highlights whatever is in the field. Simply use that keyboard shortcut just after giving the Firefox window focus but before you paste your intended target URL.


Upgrade from 16.04 to 20.04 with back up

1- How I back up what is on my computer now ?

Making a backup is just copying your folders/data to an external disk in case the upgrade goes wrong.

2- How i install the 20.01 ?

There is no release 20.01. Only 20.04 is now available and all what you have to do is copy&paste the commands recommended here https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-upgrade-ubuntu-to-20-04-lts-focal-fossa

3- How i re install the backed up data?

If everything goes smooth, your data will be save and you don t have to care about anything else.


Can I open MS Office PowerPoint presentations in Ubuntu?

The use of Microsoft Power Point presentations is supported by default in Ubuntu. After a fresh installation you will also have Libre Office installed.
This office suite comes with Impress, a presentation software similar to Power Point. With Impress you can not only import and view presentations including slide shows but you will also be able to export your presentations to Power Point format for use in a Windows computer.

Read more on Impress here: Libre Office - Impress

Having said that, we need to address possible issues than may arise from converting Power Point to Impress which eventually need some fine tuning after importing:

special effects or transitions may not always work as expected
the page layout may vary when using fonts not available on Ubuntu (we can, however install the MS Core Fonts for free, and any other TTF fonts)
multiple images may not be perfectly arranged

Therefore, and because we do not really know much on the presentations you have, the best approach is to just try this out. You do not have to install Ubuntu to do this. It is perfectly fine to boot your computer with an Ubuntu CD (or USB).
Instead of installing choose to "Try out Ubuntu".
Your hard drive will not be touched but you will have access to your local hard drives when opening them through the file browser Nautilus (folder icon on the left side launcher).
Your Power Point presentations can then be opened on double click with Impress.


Packet Tracer 6.0.1 - problem with running (error while loading shared libraries: libQtScriptTools.so.4: ...)

PacketTracer6 tries to load a library called libQtScriptTools.so.4, but cannot find it. This usually is caused by one of two things.

Library missing

The first, more likely cause: The library is not installed. Luckily, the fix is easy.

Run

sudo apt-get install libqt4-scripttools:i386

That will install the 32-bit-version of the library, which is necessary because Cisco ships a 32-bit version of PacketTracer6 only.

Problems with the library path

The second cause: The library is installed, but PacketTracer cannot find it. In order to work around that, you could run

LD_PRELOAD=/path/to/libQtScriptTools.so.4 /path/to/packettracer

after replacing the paths with the real ones from your system.

Update: Since PacketTracer also seems to need libQt3Support.so.4, but doesn't use the version it ships with, you will have to install libqt4-qt3support:i386 as well.


External screens with Matrox DualHead2Go working in Linux?

As Fossfreedom pointed out, Cyclops_ got it to work (see) by updating the firmware and changing the settings under Windows.


Windows 10 host - Very Slow Ubuntu 18.04 64bit on VMWare

In recent versions of VMware up to 2GB of video memory can be allocated for additional workload processing power. VMware Workstation 15 and later supports virtual graphics memory up to 3GB. On the AMD Ryzen 5 1600 computer give the Ubuntu guest OS all 2GB of video memory, 2 virtual CPU cores and 8GB virtual base memory. The Dell Latitude's recommended VMware settings are something like half the physical RAM, 2 CPU cores and maybe 1GB of video memory.


Errno 5 Input/output error in ubuntu 13.04

The OP solved the problem and reported the solution in a comment:

  I've already resolved this issue. What I did was I downloaded again a
  copy of Ubuntu through torrent. It worked fine as opposed to direct
  downloads.


Right click on a .cpp file and go to properties. In "Open With" tab select gedit from the list and below the list select "set as default".


Finding smaller/sleek/exact font for ubuntu lts 20.04 in terminal mode

I found the solution to this problem accidentally.

This laptop has Nvidia graphics card. Hence I was using Nvidia driver for the ubuntu lts 20.04. This was chosen during the installation as an option  [third-party drivers]. I upgraded from 5.4 to 5.8 kernel on ubuntu 20.04 LTS [ 2 days ago ]. I was not able to login into UI mode after install since this driver was causing issues. so i uninstalled it and rebooted. surprise!! I was able to login into UI mode using default driver and also command line / terminal mode is much more clear/small/accurate font. I had to use xrandr tool and a small script to set my required resolution at startup or UI login. works like a charm now!!

steps to resolve :

First of all list all the graphics drivers as shown in the below.I had the nvidia 340 driver installed [ which is indicated as recommended ].The reason I thought was Nvidia is always fussy in Linux so my thought was that it is better to use vendor provided graphics driver than the default one.

Remove the driver using the below command.
apt remove -y nvidia-340.

Now from the specification of the laptop and manual we know that the optimal and best resolution possible is 1368 X 768. When I removed the video driver and restarted the laptop, I got a much worse resolution which means larger icons in graphic mode. At this point, I also checked the terminal or text mode and the text resolution was the optimal and vert small but clear and sleek font. This was one problem solved.

I came back to UI login mode and logged in. Next was fixing resolution. To do this I created a script that would be autorun after I login into my account. This script looks like below.

I added this script to startup scripts or programs like the below.

I logged out and logged back in again. To verify that my resolution is good now every time I log in. It works and there is no side effect or other problems due to this.

Lesson learned: avoid Nvidia graphics card package installation on Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 and resort to default driver instead.


HP pavilion g6 shutdown thermal overheating

Update to the latest BIOS from HP. If the issue is not resolved by updating the BIOS, you will have to send the notebook for repair.


CompizConfig 3D windows don't work - Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

There is nothing you can do, the plugin is broken. It's still available because it could be fixed,  but someone would need to actually do that. If you search in Launchpad there may be a bug report, if not file one.

(- Not that a bug on this  has a great chance of being fixed.


How to fix: ata7: com reset failed errno=-32?

To check the file system on your Ubuntu partition...

boot to the GRUB menu
choose Advanced Options
choose Recovery mode
choose Root access
at the # prompt, type sudo fsck -f /
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

If for some reason you can't do the above...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start gparted and determine which /dev/sdaX is your Ubuntu EXT4 partition
quit gparted
open a terminal window
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdaX # replacing X with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot


Editing OS names in /etc/default/grub - where is the OS name read from?

If I strace the command lsb_release -i -s...

strace -o strace.out lsb_release -i -s

I find (from output file strace.out) that it is reading /etc/lsb-release

$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=xenial
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS"

The output of lsb_release -i -s is Ubuntu

The redirection 2> /dev/null sends any errors from the command to data oblivion

The operator || means if (and only if) the first command failed, do the second one:

first command || second command

So if lsb_release -i -s errors out, the errors go to /dev/null and the command echo Debian is executed. The output of that is Debian

So to summarise:

If lsb_release -s -i can give us the name of the current system, then use that and display the output. If not, just call it "Debian"

The file /etc/default/grub is used to generate the config file read by GRUB (/boot/grub/grub.cfg) when update-grub is called, so it is read when the real root filesystem is mounted.

You must run sudo update-grub after editing the file for any changes to take effect.


Is there any utility like smartctl which gives identify data for an ATAPI device?

hdparm --identify ( or -I ) /dev/device reads and interprets the ATA device IDENTIFY DEVICE data.


How can I force the X server to use my nvidia card?

I am not 100% sure this will fix your issue, but you should check out this ubuntu documentation regarding hybrid graphics and how to use switcheroo to activate the different cards.

It solved my issue when trying to use my hybrid ati Sony laptop that kept losing the Intel drivers and not the ati.

Hope it helps!


Can't detect internet connection in terminal and Ubuntu software center

Since you are connecting to a  proxy, you need to do the following:

Create the following file : /etc/apt/apt.conf, open the terminal and type:

sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf

Edit this file according to your proxy details:

Acquire::http::proxy "http://username:password@yourproxyaddress:proxyport";
Acquire::https::proxy "https://username:password@yourproxyaddress:proxyport";

If your proxy doesn’t require a username, then those statements take the following form: Acquire::http::proxy yourproxyaddress:proxyport";

To be able to add what is a PPA, you will need to export your proxy settings open the terminal and type:

export https_proxy="https://username:password@yourproxyaddress:proxyport";

export http_proxy="http://username:password@yourproxyaddress:proxyport";

Once you have done this, to export you will need to add a -E after sudo, e.g. sudo -E apt-get install python-software-properties


How to pass the line number, where the mismatch occurred in awk, to Shell variables?

Solution:

With awk print only line numbers where there are differences and collect them all in a bash array. Instead of using NR in the first awk subcommand, use NR in the last awk command:

line_numbers=($(\
    paste \
        <(awk -F, '{print $1}' file1) \
        <(awk -F, '{print $1}' file2) \
    | awk '{if ($1 != $2) print NR}' \
))

echo "Length: ${#line_numbers[*]}"
for index in ${!line_numbers[@]}; do
    echo "line_numbers[$index] = ${line_numbers[index]}"
done

Example:

> awk '{print NR": "$0}' file1
1: aab
2: b
3: bcbaa
4: ab
5: bb
6: ca
7: ba
8: abacb
9: bccaba

> awk '{print NR": "$0}' file2
1: aab
2: z
3: bcbaa
4: yyz
5: y
6: yx
7: ba
8: abacb
9: z

> bash main.bash
Length: 5
line_numbers[0] = 2
line_numbers[1] = 4
line_numbers[2] = 5
line_numbers[3] = 6
line_numbers[4] = 9


Automatic underclocking processor at high temperatures for raspberry pi 4 with ubuntu 20.04

As far as I know every modern CPU, no matter if desktop, laptop or singleboard computer like Raspberry Pi (even the first version) do automatic throtteling in the hardware. It's independent from the OS you installed. If it gets too hot even when it throtteled back to the lowest frequency you can't usually kill your hardware, it simply shuts off then.
The throtteling which is done by the OS is to reduce frequency if the CPU has not much load which prevents heating the CPU when there's nothing to do. I didn't try but this should be done by every modern Linux distribution.
You can read out the current CPU frequency to check if that works. Unfortunately I can't tell you how to do that (have no Raspberry Pi for checking right now)


Okular instances does not group under single icon in desktop dock on Ubuntu 17.10

Copy the okularApplication_pdf.desktop file from /usr/share/applications to ~/.local/share/applications. For that you may run

cp /usr/share/applications/okularApplication_pdf.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/

Open the copied file with a text editor. For example by running

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/okularApplication_pdf.desktop

Add (or modify) the following line to the file

StartupWMClass=okular

Save the file.

Adapted from this answer.

Edit:

If you have installed okular as a snap, you will find the desktop file at /var/lib/snapd/desktop/applications/okular_org.kde.okular.desktop

In this case the following could become your step 1:

cp /var/lib/snapd/desktop/applications/okular_org.kde.okular.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/

Then follow steps 2 to 4 as mentioned in the previous method.


Why are there so few reviews in Ubuntu Software Centre?

I think it's because so few people use the Ubuntu Software Center. Personally I prefer installing programs with the command line interface, with apt-get.


It's recommended to install Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS....   :)


The last thing that worked for me was downgrading the nautilus package to a previous version. I was inspired by the answer here: https://askubuntu.com/a/849499/275770


How do I select one window without opening others?

I think this bug report https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity/+bug/740862 suggests your desired behaviour.


You are after the -threads option of avconv. Safest setting would be:

 -threads auto

but you can also set an integer there if you want to experiment a little. A modern FFmpeg (now the standard in Ubuntu) sets this is auto by default as seen in this section of the 'ffmpeg-all' man pages:

threads integer (decoding/encoding,video)

Set the number of threads to be used, in case the selected
codec implementation supports multi-threading.

  Possible values:

     auto, 0
     automatically select the number of threads to set

 Default value is auto.

Note 2 important points:

This setting will only have effect if the chosen codec supports multi-threading
It is possible to set the thread count for individual streams rather than simply attempt a global thread setting


Unable to save file to NTFS partition from Windows

The problem seems to have been solved by giving the Windows session user the Full Control permission and taking ownership of it via the Directory Properties -> Security Tab in Windows.

I'm not sure if this counts as an Ask Ubuntu question anymore but since the problem started with a dual-boot, I'm gonna keep it here.


I have the same issue.

I have that package version (0.8.4~git.20110318t152954.9c4c9a0-0ubuntu1), running on 11.04.  The behavior started after upgrade from 10.10.

I ended up making a script to restart nm-applet which brings back my VPN menu but sometimes I do get the DBUS errors which I just run the script again...

Script:

#! /bin/sh
killall nm-applet
nm-applet --sm-disable &

Typical Message:

** (nm-applet:4808): DEBUG: old state indicates that this was not a disconnect 0


Regarding using MetaTrader 4 with PlayOnLinux

yes there is.

The solution is to first install the play on linux application.
Go to your broker and download the mt4 application.
Go to your play on linux application and follow the steps required to install a non-listed program.
preferred is the wine 3.0.3 when choosing the version of wine in your play on linux.
Your mt4 will now be installed onto your linux machine but after closing you will have challenges opening your mt4 using play on linux.
Go to your browser and install wine. I prefer you use the following commands found on this website:

https://www.linuxslaves.com/2018/09/how-to-install-wine-303-stable-ubuntu-linux-mint.html

7.You will be able to reopen your mt4 by going to your home folder and looking for play on linux virtual drives where your mt4 application was installed.
E.g mine was in (play on linux virtual drive's/mt4/drive c/program files/FBS Trader 4)

8.OPEN YOUR YOUR TERMINAL.EXE FILE USING PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED WINE.

HOPE THIS HELPS.


I can suggest the following steps for you:

Restore all your system directories (var, opt) back to the root partition sda8.
Use Ubuntu Live USB (GParted) to shrink your home partition
sda9 to the right by about say 20GB since you have plenty of disk
space.
Use Clonezilla Live USB to boot your computer, and save your
root partition sda8 just in case.
Use Ubuntu Live USB (GParted) again to grow your root
partition sda8 to the right using the free space created earlier.

Note: You can have both Ubuntu and Clonezilla Live on a single USB drive using MultiSystem.


Allow users to set higher (lower?) nice levels

I ended up firing up a server I could mess around with more and I tried more combinations. I couldn't get hard or soft to play nice (get it?), so I tried - and it worked. I also confirmed with Ubuntu 14.04 trusty.

I figured - sets hard and soft limits:

 @mygroup   -    nice    -20

This does work once you log on and off. You won't see any entry regarding nice in ulimit -a. What you should be looking for is:

scheduling priority             (-e) 40

Which nice later on probably treats as [-20 19]. The default value for this entry is 0.

Using dash seems to enable any priority. So if anyone can get hard and soft to work drop a comment or an answer. Thanks.


Same problem here (Ubuntu 18.04, Thunderbird 68.10.0). Maximise-option is disabled, horizontal adjustment too. Problem does not occur in newly created profiles. When switching back to original profile, problem is still there.
Found a quite effective work-around: In Thunderbird, try switching to the CardBook-Tab (Thunderbirds addressbook plugin) via Extras --> CardBook or Strg + Shift + B
Maximise-Button will reappear until next program start.


Can I forbid a particular application to display pop-up notifications?

You may want to try Recent Notifications Applet, that has an option to blacklist applications within the applet. For example if you get a lot of notifications in Pidgin, simply right click a Pidgin notification in Recent Notifications and select "Blacklist Pidgin" - the same goes for any application. If you want to remove an application from the blacklist, right click the Recent Notifications applet and uncheck the app you want to remove from the "Blacklist" tab:

Add the Recent Notifications PPA and install the applet in Ubuntu using the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jconti/recent-notifications
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install recent-notifications


Access ubuntu one files without downloading them

You can log in to the Ubuntu One website and see what folders and files you have there. You can also make them public and copy a link to share as well.

The easiest way to see your Ubuntu One data online is to launch the Ubuntu One application, then click on 'Go to the web for public and private sharing options'

The easiest way to publish and copy web links is from right within Nautilus, the default file browser. Right-click and choose 'Ubuntu One/Publish', then do it again and choose 'Copy web link'.


Dual booting ubuntu 12.04 and windowa 7 on different drives

If you didn't install Ubuntu while your secondary drive with Windows was plugged in, GRUB didn't get a chance to recognize it and thus will only show Ubuntu in its menu.

With the Windows drive plugged in, on Ubuntu, try running sudo update-grub. If all goes well, the output should tell you that it found a Linux image (or multiple, it doesn't matter), and Windows 7 on your secondary disk (most probably /dev/sdbX, where X is a number, though it could be another letter).

Once it's done, reboot, and make sure the drive with Ubuntu installed is the first one in your boot order. You should then see the GRUB menu with an entry to boot Linux, and another to boot Windows.

If not, you may need to make sure GRUB is set to appear and not timeout too quickly. Type sudo nano /etc/default/grub (or any other editor you like, as long as you're sudo'ed), and make sure that both GRUB_TIMEOUT and GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT are greater than 0, and that GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET is set to false. Run sudo update-grub again and you should be good to go.

As an aside, most BIOS I know allow you to choose which disk to boot to for this boot only. Most of the time it's accomplished by pressing one of the function keys while the computer is booting. Mine is F12, but it can change depending on your BIOS. Of course, the option may not be present at all...


Cannot install ubuntu onto usb from windows 8

Boot with an installation - CD of Ubuntu - ( you need to adjust bios to boot from CD/DVD - drive as first device ) - then you are able to install on usb !

You need to start with a CD/DVD of Ubuntu ... try to burn a CD first (nero or similiar - simply drag and drop the ubuntu*.iso-file into window of empty CD/DVD ).


HP Pavilion dv5201 running 12.04 LTS 32 bit will not connect wirelessly. No problem connecting with Ethernet

did you have the wireless function enabled on the router?
What kind of protection is enabled when you check the configuration page of the wireless network on the router ?

just simple question to understand where is the problem.


No Java virtual machine was found when trying to run Eclipse installer

In Ubuntu 16.04-20.04 open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk

Eclipse Preferences in Ubuntu 16.04

After you install openjdk-8-jdk the results of update-java-alternatives -l will look similar to this:

:~$ update-java-alternatives -l
java-1.8.0-openjdk-amd64       1081       /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-amd64

If you have installed more than one version of Java there will be multiple lines in the results of update-java-alternatives -l however openjdk-8-jdk will work with everything, so you don't need to install another version of Java.

$ update-java-alternatives
usage: update-java-alternatives [--jre-headless] [--jre] [--plugin] [-v|--verbose]
           -l|--list [<jname>]
           -s|--set <jname>
           -a|--auto
           -h|-?|--help


eclipse.desktop on launcher being replaced on reboot

Alright guys. It seems that I've solved it. It seems when I uninstalled eclipse I either did it wrong (this was a while ago so I dont remember) or there was a bug when it uninstalled, and there was another eclipse.desktop file left over.

I did a grep on the .local/share/applications (what the top answer here said (but replaced "cardapio" with "eclipse")) and found there was quite a bit going on in there. turns out that's where it was. Once I got rid of it the one I made stayed.


Best way to accomplish this permanently is adding a correct line in your /etc/fstab file pointing to the swap partition you created. Then run swapon -a.

Such a line in fstab should look similar to this:

UUID=4139a640-c32e-4e88-b275-75c77722da7c none            swap    sw              0       0

Find the UUID of your swap partition by running blkid and replace it accordingly.

It is also possible to activate it temporarily using swapon by pointing it to the partition directly (see manpage). After reboot it will not be activated again automatically.


Moving a file from machine1 folder1 to machine1 folder2 using machine2

You could use samba, since 4.1 it's possible to let samba move files server side: https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Server-Side_Copy

Though I'm unsure about your wifes operating system and therefore client support of the feature. Check the wiki regarding that.

Also you could let transmission do the moving after the torrent download is completed: https://trac.transmissionbt.com/wiki/Scripts


Pendrive not detecting after formatting disk utility

I had a similar problem with a pendrive with a corrupt partition table. I used Gparted to rewrite the partition table.

Gparted, Device menu, Create partition table.


At the bottom of the screen there is a small line you can drag up, opening the full tv programs schedule, which allows you also to switch channels


Landscape-like tool to distribute security upgrades to OS?

Options to manage multiple Ubuntu servers are tracked in this question Options for managing multiple Ubuntu installations together


You can use either :q or :quit to quit the help window.

Vim documentation for your reference.


How to know that my ubuntu upgrade process worked out perfectly!

Let's try to answer the question I posted earlier as the issue is fixed now. As the upgrade process didn't terminate normally, I had to resume the upgrade process writing this command:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

Then I could understand that only MySQL Server upgrade remaining from the whole ubuntu 14.04 upgrade. But it was showing an error in upgrading MySQL. The issue was showing because I didn't reboot my system. So I need to reboot it first before MySQL issue gets fixed:

sudo reboot

As the SSH connection terminated as I have rebooted the system. I had to reconnect it. And then when I run the following command again, MySQL got updated properly:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

And then I run the following command to see it everything is okay in my upgrade process:

sudo apt-get -f install

It turned out with this message:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
   libboost-iostreams1.53.0 libclass-isa-perl libswitch-perl
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

Now I am sure that my system is perfectly upgraded to Ubuntu 14.04 TrustyTahr. Bam!


Error in Caffe Installation in Ubuntu 16.04

This worked for me,
in 'Makefile.config'
change line 94 and 95 to

LINE 94: INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include  /usr/include/hdf5/serial

LINE 95: LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial


Unable to browse Windows 7 Notebook from Ubuntu

Please see this post
Nautilus wants a password when I try connecting to a public Windows share
It mentions setting up a speific "guest" permission on the share. I'll give it a shot and let you know how it went, but the OP from that thread has accepted the answer.


This isn't a genuine fix, but a workaround.

The correct course of action is to install gcc-multilib, with apt-get install gcc-multilib


Java icon shown in place of application icon; installed with install4j

This will be fixed in install4j 8.0 in about 2 weeks (source: I work for the company who develops install4j).

The main problem is that the WMClass property of AWT windows is set to the main class. This means that the main class must be unique for the application, but install4j inserts its own main class which up to 7.0 is always the same. As a workaround, you could change internal state of the AWT toolkit reflectively:

Class<?> toolkitClass = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getClass();

if (toolkitClass.getName().equals("sun.awt.X11.XToolkit")) {
    Field awtAppClassName = toolkitClass.getDeclaredField("awtAppClassName");
    awtAppClassName.setAccessible(true);
    awtAppClassName.set(null, "<my unique application name>");
}

In install4j 8.0, a unique main class will be generated and the generated .desktop file will include a corresponding StartupWMClass entry.


How can I get my microphone to work in a virtualbox windows xp guest?

Do this:
Go left click on sound indicator on Ubuntu and chose Sound Preferences
In the Input tab on conector chose your Mic (for me work Microphone 2)
Then go to System > Administration > User and Groups
Click on Manage Groups, scoll down on vboxusers select hem with 1 left click an then click on Properties and check your user name box and click OK
Open VirtualBox, turn on your XP Guest, right click on sound icon (in your XP Guest), chose Open Volume Control.
In the windows that apear, go to Options and click on Properties
Scroll down and check Microphone box. and then click OK

Or look to this Screencast: http://screenr.com/qIG

For my works fine but because i use screenr.com that blow my demonstration :D


I am new to computer, so I try to install LAMP in ubuntu 18.04. and this is my problem, please help the Masters

There are two solutions:

Specify "127.0.0.1" as the host instead of localhost, i.e. mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u root instead of mysql -h localhost -u root.
In /etc/mysql/my.cnf
Change socket to the location of your MemSQL socket file as socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock instead of default value, this is /var/lib/memsql/data/memsql.sock.


Why is 14.04.1 not showing up as a release upgrade for 12.04 yet?

Looks like Update Manager is now prompting me to upgrade.  I didn't even need to go to the command line.

I'd still like to know why it took 3 weeks from the release of 14.04.1 to get pushed out, or at least how to anticipate when it was getting pushed out.

It's hard to plan upgrades when you have no idea when the upgrade is going to be available.


ubuntu 20.04 with zfs unable to change kernel parameters

I trusted a fresh install of 20.04 with zfs. Somehow in /dev/fstab the vfat/efi partition was from the windows disk and not the ubuntu disk. I fixed than and everything works. So grub-update was updating the wrong /boot/efi device.


Kernel Panic - not syncing: A hardware or a software issue?

After sequentially removing hardware components and checking the RAM thoroughly for errors (with Memtest86+), I found that if it was a hardware issue, it had to be either the Motherboard or CPU. I suspected it might have been a hardware issue, as the problem persisted after an Ubuntu upgrade. Since the PC had problems starting sometimes, I had a hunch it was the motherboard.

I therefore purchased a new motherboard and installed it. My PC has been running for a few days now without a single crash. This has lead me to believe that the kernel panic was due to a faulty motherboard.


How to force logout of Kubuntu local desktop user

I have the following simple commandline solution as a response to my question:

  When my son (Adam) leaves himself logged in, I type this:

sudo skill -TERM -u adam

When looking at "man skill" it says:

  These tools are probably obsolete and unportable. The command syntax is poorly defined. Consider using the killall, pkill, and pgrep commands instead.

Perhaps the better solution:

sudo killall -TERM -u adam

These commands are not exactly what I had in mind but it is quick and easy to do and works perfectly to close a session left logged in by another user. A simple GUI solution would be nice.


Think what you are looking for for changing the PuTTY window title is this: PuTTY allows the server to send xterm control sequences which modify the title of the window in mid-session. From the putty manual.

How to actually do it, point your favorite text editor to ~/.bashrc
Locate the lines that say:

case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"

Then change:

PS1='\[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$'

to:

PS1='\[\e]0;\u@YOUR MODIFIED TINGY: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$'

Save and be happy. If you wanna test it before doing the final change, use export PS1='all the stuff'


I can't seem to figure out how to download the python shell

Ubuntu 20.04 has Python 3 pre-installed.
To open the Python shell, from a terminal type:
python3

In other supported Ubuntu versions you can install Python from the repositories. I would suggest you do this rather than downloading installers from the Internet:
sudo apt install python3

Then run python3 to open the Python shell.


Dedicated server in the cloud as media server with Raspberry Pi at home

There can be more than one options but i would advise for Plex

i am using it for same purpose and it can smoothly stream your videos music etc to all devices.

Edit:
What i am suggesting you is to install plex on your linux/ubuntu server and than you can install xmbc or any other Media client on Raspberry pi. Plex also supports streaming for xmbc. but best part is you can use streaming for plex even on your IOS or android based devices.
and also it publishes your server to my.plex which allows you to access it securely from outside as well.


Deleting the contents of the file /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules and rebooting did the trick :)


this solved.
today i was tried all ways to fix this problem, finaly i remove apache2, than reinstall again. but when i edit 000-default file, i see .htaccess in my / root dir, so i rename the file then i restore my dummy TLD domain, and its work.
thanks for adv.


Gamma correction with Upstart and a script

The program you use needs to access the X server, and does not know which X display it should use.

In most cases, you can work around this by setting a fixed display name :0.0, which is normally the name of the first display, and the one if only one is running.

For example, at the start of your script, you can use:

export DISPLAY=:0.0

In general, you could have multiple displays, like if you run multiple X servers on multiple consoles, or nested X servers like Xnest, or Xvnc.

Also, you can have one X server running only, which has a different display name than :0.0, like :10.0

In these cases, you need to find a way to specify to your script which DISPLAY to use.

To get some useful output in your log, you could add:

pgrep -fa /usr/bin/X

to show whether one or more X servers are actually running at the time the upstart job is run. The command lines may also show the displays they run on.
And

echo DISPLAY: "\"$DISPLAY\""

to write the DISPLAY variable to the log.


Error in loading of Ubuntu 14.04 installation DVD

By the Input/Output error, I suspect your CD/DVD reader may be failing, you should maybe try making a bootable USB drive.


I've had installed oracle java, then I removed but the oracle java options are still in the aplications? How do i remove them

Two possible solutions :

Drag those Java Oracle options into the Trash of the Launcher (and empty the trash of course).
Find the .desktop file related to it (probably in /usr/share/applications/ or in ~/.local/share/applications/) and delete the file.


Special characters doesn't show up properly

I have no universal solution for that, but it is in particular for subtitles that I always have the light weight text editor leafpad installed. leafpad is extremely good to recognize the code page of a text file, and usually opens it correctly. Ctrl+s then allows to "save as": in the dialog, leave the file name, but change the encoding to UTF-8.

There is a terminal command iconv that allows to change character codes as well. However, you need to know the current character code yourself before doing the conversion. You can obtain that with the command file -b --mime-encoding <yourfile>.


First you must install this dependence libcalcs2 , You will find it at the bottom of this page, get 32bit or64 as required, Download it, open the .deb in software centre
 and install it.

I assume you have a tar.gz.bz2 file of you app already, put this file in your home folder, for easy finding, and extract it, if you have a gz.bz2 extract it twice until you have a folder.

Now ope a terminal type sudo cd and drag and drop your folder on the terminal, press enter to move to this folder, once you have this folder open in terminal (you will see user@pcname followed by the folder location on the left.

./configure

If there is errors tell me them exactly otherwise

make

If there is errors tell me them exactly otherwise

sudo make install

And you are finished, run

tilem2

For the default app or

tilem2 -r /path/to/rom

For loading your custom read only (roms)

Here is the manual


Bootloader fails to install Ubuntu 16.04

Unplug all drives and peripheral devices except boot/root drive.  Install should complete fine.  Once you verify installation, you can plug other devices.


uwsgi with python3 how to get the plugin(not from apt)

Please follow the steps provided here

http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Install.html

EDIT:

Or

1. sudo apt-get install python3-dev
2. sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools
3. which easy_install
4. sudo python3 <Output of which command> pip
5. sudo pip install uwsgi


Installing alongside Windows or on a separate partition

Since there are plenty of resources here on setting up a dual boot, especially with a Windows system, I won't duplicate that content here.

However, it seems to me that your question reflects a misunderstanding worth addressing in an answer.

When you select Install Ubuntu* alongside Windows*, the installer automatically creates a separate partition for Ubuntu.

So it's unclear what you have in mind when you say "installing on a separate partition"...

  What's the difference between installing Linux alongside Windows and installing it on a separate partition?

The answer is that installing Linux alongside Windows is installing it in a separate partition.

A partition is a section of a storage device that has been formatted with a particular filesystem. Different filesystems have different data structures and features. Windows is typically installed on an NTFS partition. Ubuntu will not work properly (at least not without a lot of complex tinkering) if installed on an NTFS partition; it should be installed on an ext2 or ext3 or ext4 formatted partition or another filesystem designed to work with the Linux kernel.

Installing two operating systems on the same partition, unless you install one of them in some kind of container or virtual machine (a popular solution which, depending on your use case, may be more convenient than setting up a dual boot), is generally a really bad idea even if they are both compatible with the filesystem type. As far as I know, in this scenario the systems' files will be mixed up, and there is a risk that processes will overwrite key files belonging to the other system.

The Ubuntu installer will never try to install Ubuntu in the same partition as Windows (although it may format and overwrite the Windows partition) and if it did, I would consider it to be a serious bug.


You must use GTK3 theme, and copy it to /usr/share/themes.
GTK2 themes are not compatible with GTK3 nor with Unity or with Gnome-Shell in 11.10


Failed to start mongod.service: Unit mongod.service not found

I reinstalled mongod-org, since my data will still stay safe.

The problem was that my system couldn't find mongod.service when I ran sudo service mongod status.

Running this fixed it and restored the service:

sudo systemctl enable mongod

Then all I had to do was copy my correct config to /etc/mongod.conf and run

sudo service mongod restart


The easiest way would be to edit your command to enter

sudo apt-get remove gtk2-engines-murrine:i386 gtk2-engines-pixbuf:i386 sni-qt:i386

Open your terminal window, press up-arrow repeatedly until you see your install command, press left-arrow until the cursor gets to 'install', backspace it out and type 'remove'.


Google Talk on Empathy keeps disconnecting

I've found empathy/pidgin to have problems with gtalk in general, so you might be better off using gajim  to connect to gtalk. It doesn't support video I think, but it is more stable in terms of the connection.


Capture the type of error it is returning (500,503,402, etc) and add that in the message

$? holds the status code of the last command run. So you can modify your else block to be:

else
    LAST_STATUS_CODE=$? # save the status code immediately, we don't want to accidentally overwrite it
    echo "ERROR: ssh on $host not responding[Ooops something went wrong]"
    echo "status code: $LAST_STATUS_CODE"
fi


I've not seen this behavior before but this might be a work around
text='*'
echo "${text: -1}"
This escapes the asterisk but the escape char still shows. The second line shows how to get the last character from the string which is the *.


How can I stop a joystick from controlling my mouse?

1- You should see your joystick number first ... so Run Terminal and type   xinpute list   ,and look to your joystick number and replace its number instead of the 10 in the Example below.

#!/bin/bash
id=xinput list | grep "↳ DragonRise Inc.   Generic   USB  Joystick     id=10" | cut -c58-59
props_mouse=xinput list-props 10 | grep "Generate Mouse Events (" | cut -c25-27
props_teclado=xinput list-props 10 | grep "Generate Key Events (" | cut -c23-25
xinput set-prop 10 $props_mouse 0
xinput set-prop 10 $props_teclado 0

2- Creat a new Document then put the code in it , then rename it to name.sh Format
3- Run Terminal then put the path where you save the file .

Example :    cd Desktop      (Because i saved mine on the Desktop)

4- Type bash name.sh         ( Click Enter and You are Done ! )

Note1: to Turn it back on just change the 0 on the last 2 lines to  1
Note2: if this doesn't work make sure to remove
xserver-xorg-input-joystick and /usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-joystick


Best way to Reinstall Ubuntu 14.04 Without Deleting my Files

2 possible ways. The 1st is a generic method that will take the same time as a normal install and will always work.

Boot a live DVD. During the partition setup do NOT tick ANY of the "format" checkboxes and have the system install. Mount the partitions to the names you currently have and set it up with the same username.

This will overwrite any system related file, leave all your configuration files and leave your /home/ as it is.

Mind though: making a backup is always the preferred method. You can do that from a live DVD too (take a blank DVD and use Brasero to burn your files or use a stick to copy files over to it).

You might like to try this first: "Could not find Platform independent libraries prefix" will show up when you are missing /usr/lib/python2.7.

This should be a fix for that:

cd ~/Downloads/
apt-get download python2.7 python2.7-minimal libpython2.7
sudo dpkg -i python2.7_*.deb python2.7-minimal_*.deb libpython2.7_*.deb

After that you should also be able to do a sudo apt-get install -f ubuntu-desktop to get a working desktop. Just to be sure that you installed the most up to date python packages, run sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade.

You can do the commands on another Ubuntu machine or download the files using a browser and then copy them over to the system you want them installed. The 3rd command installs it.


How can I convert my mp4 files to avi using avconv?

Since AVI is only a container to hold your data the fastest way to convert your video is to just copy the already encoded audio and video stream. This is not done by default. To force copy streams we may use the option -c as follows:

avconv -i infile.mp4 -c:a copy -c:v copy outfile.avi

Of course only a video encoding supported by the AVI container can be copied this way.

To re-encode  the output video we can replace copy by any of supported codecs as listed with an E from

avconv -codecs


Where are store wifi connection parameters?

If you are using network manager (that is the default) then /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/. For every network there is a file in that directory.


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS upgrade broke some dependencies

So I ended up just erasing my drive and re-installing Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. That fixed the second problem completely, but didn't affect the first. I've tried uninstalling and re-installing anaconda, as well as trying python 3, none of which have worked. Fortunately, the only thing I need that python library for is a bit of code that I've been meaning to re-write in elisp anyway, so I can get around the issue.


how to improve cpu usage on Ubuntu server

How about allocating priority to the process and increase its memory usage and 100% will slow down the other process execution

Execute the program in a terminal with a command line and  run ps -ef


No sound option except Dummy Output on Dell Latitude D630

Open the terminal and type:

sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf.bak
sudo cp /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf.bak  # backup alsa-base.conf
sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

This will open alsa-base.conf for editing in nano text editor. Scroll down to the bottom of alsa-base.conf and add this new line to the bottom:

options snd-hda-intel model=dell-m42

Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+O and after that press Enter to save the changes you made to alsa-base.conf. Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+X to exit nano.

Next run the following command:

sudo alsa force-reload

The next time you reboot check to find out if the changes you made held up after a reboot.


deleting ubuntu from internal ssd with no other operating system

Just go about installing the OSX, you will get the delete options where you create partitions or modify disk in OSX installer.


Install Win7 after Ubuntu 13.10 (dual boot)

You would install window 7 normally. The thing is, windows installs its own boot loader instead of grub. Windows boot loader does not detect Ubuntu so you wouldn't be able to boot into it because you won't see it on startup.

To reinstall grub after you finish the windows installation, prepare an Ubuntu live USB, boot from it and and follow these instructions:

http://howtoubuntu.org/how-to-repair-restore-reinstall-grub-2-with-a-ubuntu-live-cd

or this:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

I guess that's all :)


What's the difference (advantages/drawbacks) between installing Ubuntu physically on a hard drive and virtually by Vmware?

The basic difference is that VM is sharing your RAM and CPU with your primary OS, but installing physically it can use all your RAM space, so VM is less efficient. I’m not sure about the rest.


This is not a complete answer but I think we should try to check that the problem is browser independent. Could you try the following in a terminal ?

telnet accounts.google.com 80

If the connection to accounts.google.com establishes, enter :

GET / HTTP/1.1

And end the line with two line breaks.

If the answer comes almost immediately (it should say 302 Moved after the HTTP headers), then your computer is perfectly able of establishing a connection to the Google accounts services. If you get a timeout issue at this step, or before, then it is browser independent.

In this last case, I would recommend checking firewall and global network configuration. There's also the very unlikely case where your router has set up restrictions for your machine.


libawt_xawt.so: libXext.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

apt-get install libxrender1:i386 libxtst6:i386 libxi6:i386

helped me get this resolved.

I have installed in a 64 bit system also i386.


Is snap verified by Ubuntu SnapCraft Team?

Not like Appstore.
Anybody can publish an unreviewed snap at any time, and that snap might contain malware.
It's up to you to install snaps only from trusted authors. In Deb-based Ubuntu, it's similarly up to you to choose only trustworthy software sources - Ubuntu does nothing to check PPAs and other common non-Ubuntu sources.
However:

The design of Snaps is built around preventing rogue applications from running through your system, stealing data and causing damage.
A malicious Snap package can cause you some headache...but much less than a malicious Deb package (which includes preinst/postinst scripts that run as root!)

If you discover a malicious Snap, go the the Snap Store page for that snap and report it ("Is there a problem with <name>? Report this app").
One malicious snap was indeed discovered -- in 2019, if I recall correctly. It was reported, and promptly investigated and removed. Feel free to get involved and test snaps for trustworthiness!