How to disable live system check at startup (booting) in ubuntu 20.04?

Removing Disk Check on Persistent USB's

The command line option fsck.mode=skip can be used to skip the disk check.

The line Checking disks: 0% complete will still come up but fsck will not be run, nor will boot time be increased.

mkusb After the Persistent USB drive is created, open /boot/grub/grub.cfg as root.

Add fsck.mode=skip to the Persistent menuentry thus:

linux   ($root)/casper/vmlinuz  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed maybe-ubiquity fsck.mode=skip quiet splash persistent ---
Newer versions of mkusb already include this fix.
If you also wish to remove the Try Ubuntu / Install Ubuntu screen delete "maybe-ubiquity".

UNetbootin After creating the boot drive, open /boot/grub/grub.cfg as root.

Add fsck.mode=skip to the first menuentry for (UEFI boot mode).
Open syslinux.cfg as root and add fsck.mode=skip to the default menuentry for (BIOS boot mode).

Rufus After creating the boot drive, open /boot/grub/grub.cfg as root.

Add fsck.mode=skip to the Default menuentry for (UEFI boot mode).
Open /isolinux/txt.cfg as root and add fsck.mode=skip to the "Try Ubuntu without installing" menuentry, (for BIOS boot mode).

The Try Ubuntu / Install Ubuntu screen can be removed from BIOS boot by overwriting syslinux.cfg with:

default persistent
label persistent
  say Booting an Ubuntu Persistent session...
  kernel /casper/vmlinuz
  append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper persistent initrd=/casper/initrd quiet splash noprompt --

The Try Ubuntu / Install Ubuntu screen can be removed from Rufus UEFI boot by removing "maybe-ubiquity" from /boot/grub/grub.cfg.


Ubuntu 20.04 split second freeze every ten seconds

It appears that the RiseUp VPN client was the cause of the freezes. I was playing with minimizing the number of snaps on my system and all came right when it was removed.


1) By using -i for interactive you will be asked if you would like to replace the file:

cp -i /home/levan/kdenlive/untitelds.mpg /media/sda3/SkyDrive/

or you can use -b to create a backup of your file:

cp -b /home/levan/kdenlive/untitelds.mpg /media/sda3/SkyDrive

2) Same as the above:

cp (-i or -b) /media/sda3/SkyDrive/untitelds.mpg /home/levan/kdenlive

3) Use -R for recursive and -i for interactive:

cp -Ri ~/MyFolder /sda3/

4) This last one can be done via the mv command, move is like cutting:

mv -i ~/MyFile ~/OtherFolder/MyFile

if you want to move a directory, use:

mv -Ri ~/MyDirectory ~/OtherDirectory/


cron jobsare not working on ubuntu ec2 machine. Multiple methods attempted

As per your pwd result, your home directory is /home/ubuntu. But you are trying to redirect result to /user/ubuntu.

Can you add

* * * * * /bin/echo Test >> /home/ubuntu/test.txt

to crontab -e

Also, give the output of the command ls /user/ubuntu


If your machine is 5+ years old then be kind to both yourself & it, download Ubuntu Mate 15.04 or X-Ubuntu 15.04 image. Make a USB with it & install clean. The Unity desktop of the main Ubuntu flavor will likely be to heavy for your machine & a shock to your workflow. Attempting upgrading from 10.10 will just be a huge lot of hurt & aggravation


From this spec sheet:

Thunderbolt is backwards-compatible with Mini DisplayPort-equipped displays as well as adapters that are compatible with Mini DisplayPort (DVI, VGA, dual-link DVI and HDMI). It also can support other peripherals that use the Thunderbolt standard, which provides a maximum theoretical 10 Gbps of bandwidth in both directions.

You have a Thunderbolt 1 port which only supports 10 Gbps and not the common Thunderbolt 3 port USB Type C rated at 40 Gbps that are common today. Also keep in mind Apple cables/converters can be different than PC ones so make sure the specs are correct.


easy solution that did the trick:
The desktop icons were scaled huge when I changed the view to grid in nautilus.
However changing back to list view didn't change the desktop icon's view. I didnt understand that there is no list view for desktop icons.
To update them I needed to switch back to grid,  change the icon's display size and THEN change to list view again.


Make sure you connect to the "filters-changed" signal and update your results when it's fired. For an example see the one-hundred-scopes project where this is used. ( http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~davidc3/onehundredscopes/desura/view/head:/src/unity-scope-desura#L34 )


It looks like you have installed a PPA that offers a newer version of PHP (7.0.9) than the main repositories (7.0.8). But that PPA doesn't seem to offer a 7.0.9 version of php7.0-imap. So apt tries to install the newest version of php7.0-imap it's got available, the package from the main repos. That depends on the 7.0.8-0ubuntu0.16.04.3 package from the main repos, but the PPAs 7.0.9-1+deb.sury.org~trusty+1 isn't compatible.

You can either disable the PPA, if you don't really need PHP 7.0.9 instead of 7.0.8, or you can look for the PPA with 7.0.9 that includes php7.0-imap as well.


geary on Ubuntu 18.10: large virtual memory consumption reported

It could be memory leaks if Geary has been running for a long time, and so the leaked memory is getting paged to swap. There are a few around, I fix them whenever I can find them, but also compiling Geary against newer versions of vala generally helps.

It is more likely to be the WebKit Gigacage however, which is a security feature that makes it harder for attackers to run malicious code on your computer. It does this by pre-allocating several large (32G) chunks of virtual memory for storing different kinds of web page data separately. Even though it allocates these large chunks, very little of it gets actually used - just enough to display pages.

Since Geary uses WebKitGTK to render email (even plain text email), it will have a number of Gigacages allocated when it starts up. You can confirm this by comparing virtual memory size of other apps that also use WebKitGTK, such as GNOME Web, or by looking at Geary's virtual memory size right after starting it up.

Virtual memory is used for pre-allocations like this, for memory mapping files, and a bunch of other things that don't actually use any memory. So it isn't a very useful metric for determining how much memory a program is using and it's not worth worrying about. Keep an eye on a program's resident set size and the amount of swap being used instead.


How do I make a shell script that changes the background at night?

Automatically change Ubuntu wallpaper at a certain hour

But with this script instead:

#!/bin/bash -e
user=$(whoami)

fl=$(find /proc -maxdepth 2 -user "$user" -name environ -print -quit)
for i in {1..5}
do
  fl=$(find /proc -maxdepth 2 -user "$user" -name environ -newer "$fl" -print -quit)
done

export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=$(grep -z DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS "$fl" | cut -d= -f2-)

IMG=$1
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "'file://${IMG}'"


Getting files from an external partition

Open a window. Underneath the buttons that let you close the window, there should be a list labelled "Devices". Your Windows partition should be there. It might be named after the size of the partition.


You have tried your Meizu on another PC already?  Got a pal nearby who could help you?  Is the Meizu setup to act like a USB "disk drive".

The logs suggest that you are having USB communications problems.  I would try the following:

Try moving the USB cable to a different USB port connector.  Maybe, you are trying a front panel USB connector and the front panel is not actually wired to your motherboard inside the case (it happens).  How about trying a rear panel USB port?  In any case, try all of your USB ports.
If #1 fails, try a different USB cable which is known to work in all of the USB ports or it works on your pal's PC.
If both #1 and #2 fail, attach another phone to this Ubuntu system which is known to work on a different PC.  Does the 2nd phone work ok?  If it does then the Meizu has an issue with USB; you need to contact your Meizu support or the store where you bought it.
If the known good phone has the same issue as the Meizu, then the issue lies with your Ubuntu system USB support.  This should not have happened and I hope it doesn't when you test!

Good luck.


First go to network manager on the top pannel and go to edit connection and delete all the connections under wifi section
Now you change ifupdown(wlan0)

To do so open terminal and type following command

sudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

type in your password and a window will open now check
if [ifupdown] managed=false then change it to true
then save the file and type exit in terminal

Now open the terminal and type

 sudo service network-manager restart

this will restart your network manager.
Now connect to your wifi and do a system restart this will hopefully connect your wifi after every boot.


This requirement is already satisfied.
Even Ubuntu 16.04 LTS has GLIBC 2.23.


Running a long command, split into multiple lines, in a .desktop file?

I have a super hack that involves setting a bash variable to the contents of the script you want to run, then echoing it into the .desktop file.  Read past the details of my specific script, but pay attention to quotes and semicolons.  The hack encodes the program as a shell variable, then uses echo to collapse all the newlines into a single line and append it to a Gnome desktop launcher file.

For context, I have a file called Win10.desktop that connects to a headless VirtualBox instance; it reconfigures the network adapter based on whether the laptop is docked or free-standing.  I am on RHEL 7.6 / Gnome 3.

(I could have written the script w/o spaces, but that's hard to read.  I keep the original in a README_REINSTALL file somewhere else, in case I ever trash my system and have to recreate it from scratch.)

PROG='
PATH=/usr/lib/virtualbox:/usr/bin:bin ;
VM="{045c7bf0-555e-4675-b95c-f8814d689077}" ;
WNIC="wlo1" ;
DNIC="enp58s0u1u2" ;
VMNAME="Win10" ;
ACTION=$(zenity --list --text "Choose action for $VMNAME" --radiolist --column "" --column ""
        --hide-header
            TRUE  "Full GUI Start/Resume"
            FALSE "Suspend") ;
case $ACTION in
        Full*)
            echo "Starting" ;
            grep -q $DNIC /proc/net/dev && vboxmanage modifyvm $VM --bridgeadapter1 $DNIC ||
                vboxmanage modifyvm $VM --bridgeadapter1 $WNIC ;
            exec vboxmanage startvm $VM --type gui
        ;;
        Suspend*)
            echo "Suspending" ;
            vboxmanage modifyvm $VM --bridgeadapter1 $WNIC ;
            exec vboxmanage controlvm $VM savestate
        ;;
esac'

echo Exec=/usr/bin/bash -c \'$PROG\' >> Win10.desktop


tahoar solved the problem in a comment:

  Sorry, xubuntix, I traced the problem to the existence of a non-standard io.py module in the sys.path(). Python's gzip module ignored it on 2.6x (Ubuntu 10.04) but tried to load it on 2.7x (Ubuntu 11.04+). Removing/renaming the io.sys module fixed the problem. Thanks


How to configure samba not to share or not to disply shares?

Install Samba Server Configuration with sudo apt-get install system-config-samba. From there you edit each of the samba shares you have between your computers, choose which users are allowed to acess the folders, and whether the shares are "visible" or "writable".


You can install the default ubuntu interface by installing ubuntu-desktop and then choosing it on the login screen (you can change the "session" that you log in to).

To get the old netbook interface, I believe installing "ubuntu-netbook-efl" will give you the option, again in the "session" on the login screen. Make sure you install "ubuntu-netbook-efl-default-settings" to get it to look like 10.04, as well.


Open virtual terminal by pressing ctrl+alt+F1 in the screen shows running in low graphics mode.Login with your username and password.

Then run the below commands,

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf
sudo shutdown -h now

Poweron your pc, I hope it works.


How do I disable the touchpad using the upper left corner on an HP Pavilion dv6?

The option you mentoined is a driver feature - there is no linux alternative for that until someone do patch for it.

Look around touchpad settings and you'll find useful replacement settings.
For example you can set up a keyboard shourtcut to turn on/off touchpad.


Evince document viewer - rotating documents

Congrats on starting your adventure with Ubuntu. You'll be hooked in no time! My answer uses shell commands, which on a *nix OS is a good thing to become familiar with. You can access the shell by pressing the key combination CtrlAltT. The shell/terminal will pop up; then you can cd to the file location, e.g. if it's in your Documents directory, type cd ~/Documents. You can type ls to make sure your pdf is there.

You are correct, this is very typical of a document viewer to make the rotation a display property. In order to truly rotate the pdf, try using

pdftk temp.pdf cat 1-endR output tempR.pdf

which means, given a file temp.pdf, rotate 90° pages 1 to the end of the document and write out to the file tempR.pdf.

For details, see man pdftk and search for rotation, e.g.:

 The page rotation setting can cause pdftk to rotate pages and
 documents.  Each option sets the page rotation as follows (in
 degrees): north: 0, east: 90, south: 180, west: 270, left:
 -90, right: +90, down: +180. left, right, and down make
 relative adjustments to a page's rotation.


You don't really need to edit `/etc/network/interfaces' to set the static IP addresses. You can do that using the Network Manager. Just right click on the network applet and go to Edit Connections.

If you however don't want to use the network manager, the following steps will help you assign multiple ip addresses:

Disable the network manager sudo service network-manager stop
Get the IP address from the server using: sudo dhclient eth0
Assign the first ip addresses like this: sudo ip addr add 192.168.20.222/24 dev eth0, and repeat for other IP addresses.
Add the default route using: sudo route add default gw <internet gateway ip address>

If you do step 2, step 4 is not required. Hope that helps.


Emails to root go to root@localhost and BCC my aliased address

The method you describe is merely used for aliasing non existing mailboxes, I do not know if this behavior can be tweaked to do it differently.
However you can accomplish what you want by editing /etc/postfix/main.cf and adding two lines:

virtual_alias_domains = mydomain.com myanotherdomain.com
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

then edit (or create) /etc/postfix/virtual and add:

contact@mydomain.com myself@gmail.com

after saving execute the command sudo service postfix reload

(See also: here)


How do I limit the size of my Dropbox directory?

Dropbox has a settings in its Account preferences for each machine it is installed on for what folders to sync from your Dropbox account. Using this feature and selectively using only certain folders on your laptop is the simplest solution.


Open "dash" and type "system testing".

The software this opens can be used to start tests on anything you can think of to test your hardware and configurations on. And then some.


Simply install HDFView from the repository with

sudo apt-get install hdfview

and use it top open some h5-file:


A command to download latest PHPmyadmin release?

Probably the simplest (in terms of scripting complexity) is to checkout the git sources and use the STABLE branch. This is updated with each release, so you're automatically tracking the latest with that branch. You can easily script a git pull and merge.

The only minor setback will be that phpMyAdmin now uses Composer to handle dependencies with library files, so you'll need that installed and you should add composer install and/or composer update to your script after the git portion. I'm not a Composer wizard but think 'install' is appropriate here; YMMV.

A robust shell script for this might be 10-15 lines long, though I'd probably jam it in to a single line of crontab (or equivalent).

If you prefer to use the official distribution (which packages library files, removing your dependency on Composer), there are a number of helper files published by phpMyAdmin that can help you. They're currently documented here on the phpMyAdmin website; in your case I imagine you would want to parse either https://www.phpmyadmin.net/home_page/version.txt or https://www.phpmyadmin.net/downloads/list.txt which contain enough information to determine whether you need to download an update and the URL to the latest version. Since you've mentioned that you prefer a solution that is not dependent on Composer, this is almost certainly your best choice. I'd write a small script that saves the date or version that's currently installed, then occasionally compare it to the versions listed on one of those files, and then download the new file as needed (along with uncompressing and adding config.inc.php).

Hope this is useful to you.


Install libproc-dev

or run sudo apt-get install libproc-dev


Creating Windows Partition and Dual Boot from Stand Alone Ubuntu 14.04

How to add Windows from Ubuntu?  I assume you mean to the boot menu.

Run this in Terminal:

sudo grub-install /dev/sda; sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Is this what you mean?


--remove-source-files

I googled "rsync delete from source" and found this: rsync delete files on sending side after transfer - Stack Overflow. And here's part of the description from man rsync:

--remove-source-files
       This tells rsync to remove from the sending side the files
       (meaning non-directories) that are a part of the transfer and
       have been successfully duplicated on the receiving side.


How to enable AptX for Bluetooth devices?

Since I can not mark this as a duplicate:
The accepted answer to the linked question added the answer to this "question" as well. The linked github project https://github.com/EHfive/pulseaudio-modules-bt adds support to pulseaudio for aac, aptx, aptx hd and ldac codecs.
Due to licensing issues, it can not be merged upstream. However, an Ubuntu ppa is supplied:
https://github.com/EHfive/pulseaudio-modules-bt/wiki/Packages#ubuntu-1804-1810-1904
For future reference:
First the PPA needs to be installed. This can be done with the following for Ubuntu 18.04, 18.10, 19.04:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:eh5/pulseaudio-a2dp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libavcodec58 libldac pulseaudio-modules-bt

If you have newer Ubuntu versions, instead, the correct code is the following:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:berglh/pulseaudio-a2dp
sudo apt update
sudo apt install pulseaudio-modules-bt libldac

Now you need to restart pulseaudio:
pulseaudio -k
pulseaudio --start

I then had to reconnect my headphones (Sennheiser HD 4.50 BTNC), and set them as audio sink. In the sound settings, AptX was already displayed. Selecting AAC/AptXHD/LDAC didn't change what was used (due to my headphones only supporting AptX).
To check on the shell:
pactl list sources | grep a2dp_codec

The above has no output when used without the custom modules!


How do I connect to a server with thunar in Xubuntu?

I was able to connect to servers by first running

sudo apt-get install gvfs-fuse gvfs-backends

Then, open up any folder and hit Ctrl+L.  In the location dialog box it presented I could then enter:

sftp://user@hostname:port/directory/path

This would give me a browser of the remote system.


What's likely happening is that the software updater is running and checking for updates.  Only one program at a time can access the packages cache.

Usually if you wait long enough for the updater to finish, it will work again.


Netflix not working on Firefox 60.0.1 64-bit on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

I finally found the answer here:
Netflix doesn't work since installing Ubuntu 18.04

This solution worked for me:

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt install libavcodec-extra

I've also been told that

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

will solve this problem, but I haven't tried that yet.


How do I only use the Intel HD 3000 card on an HP dv6?

Disable the ATI card in the BIOS, reboot, and the Intel one should be in use. Intel GPUs are usually soldered to the motherboard, so that you can't easily install or uninstall them (anyway, your's is already there).


Can't lock screen with shortcut on Ubuntu 20.04 gnome

My original question was banned as bug, but it isn't a bug - it's a wrong configuration.
People faced this problem a lot in the internet and SO:

Ubuntu 19.04 - Lock screen shortcut doesn't work
Automatic screen lock not working Ubuntu 20.04

In my case I was using lightdm and screen lock is disabled in it due security issues. Read more here

You can check you display manager with: sudo systemctl status display-manager

If you still want to lock your screen with lightdm - you can use dm-tool lock. Also you can add it to keyboard shortcut as command (e.g. Super+L).

Switching to gdm3 helped: sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3


First off, closing any application by killing its process(es) is dangerous, and certainly atypical.

That said, it sounds like you're not finding the proper PID(s) for the process(es) you're hoping to kill.

The command ps -ef | grep <process-name> will enumerate all processes running with name <process-name>.

I'd guess that "tor" might be the process-name in question. But, to figure that out, you can run the command top to see what's currently running, and infer from there.


How can I add PDT (Pacific Daylight Time) to the Date&Time panel

AFAIK, Only UTC is supported as an abstract 'Location'.

If your city uses PDT, typing in the name of your city should give it as a suggestion, and the time will be adjusted properly to include Daylight savings effects.


To read variables from a file we can use the source or . command.

Lets assume the file contains the following line

MYVARIABLE="Any string"

we can then import this variable using

#!/bin/bash

source <filename>
echo $MYVARIABLE


If you switch bios to legacy mode, then the system will probably boot with no problems.

But there is no 100% guarantee that all hardware of the new motherboard id properly supported by linux kernel.

In most cases it should work OK.


why is there a (-11-System Error) whenever i run sudo apt-get update?

Close all programs/windows which have to do with installing software e.g. Synaptic, software-centre and terminals.

Now you should delete the locked files:

  You can delete the lock file with

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock

  you may also need to delete the lock file in the cache directory

sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock

and now you should open a terminal and run:

 sudo apt-get update --fix-missing


Evince show annotation text in preview instead of page, author and date

No, this is how it has been programmed to work. You may want to file this as an issue to the developpers so they may consider revising this in a future version.


How can I switch between versions of an installed package with apt-get?

Yes, in fact, you probably don't have to do any of that stuff at all. Most of the time, the dependency version specified in a case like yours is for >version meaning, the specified version or any version greater. If you want to install coq, just type the following commands and apt-get will automatically call the necessary dependencies for you. To do this, open a terminal and type the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install coq

If you still have the same issue it wouldn't be a problem for you to uninstall and then reinstall those packages. Unless you use the purge command, the configuration files for the removed software will remain intact; reinstallation will restore all user settings and no additional setup should be required.

You can use the following command to restore those packages:

sudo apt-get install camlp4 camlp4-extra ocaml ocaml-base ocaml-compiler-libs ocaml-interp ocaml-native-compilers ocaml-nox


Ubuntu theme went off after the reboot/turn off, how do I put it back?

Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) install Ubuntu-Tweak:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

Open Ubuntu-Tweak from Dash then navigate to tweaks > theme and choose an appropriate themes:

P.S.

If your theme occasionally went off after reboot or anything and you cannot apply it anyhow, follow this workaround:

Launch Ubuntu-Tweak tool and at the theme section put/click everything to default.
Reboot the system.
Launch Ubuntu-Tweak again and apply theme now. It should work now.


Couldn't find any package by regex - ruby

To install Ruby on Ubuntu 12.10, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the commands below:

sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.3

To Install Gems

sudo apt-get install rubygems

To install all of Rails and its dependencies

sudo gem install rails

For more info check the Ruby Website

From researching, it says that ruby1.9.3-dev doesn't exist. And that ruby1.9.1-dev is its alias. Here is what I've done.  I installed ruby as stated above, and then ran the command sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.3-dev, and I got the same error.  But when I ran sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev, this is what I got:


Libre office writer automatically closing

Reinstall libreoffice-core.

The error message when you ran libreoffice --writer in a terminal revealed that /usr/lib/libreoffice/program/oosplash is missing. That oosplash executable is provided by the libreoffice-core package. Reinstalling this package should replace the missing file and possibly other missing or damaged files.

sudo apt update
sudo apt --reinstall install libreoffice-core

If that is all that is broken, then this should fix it entirely.

(If not, running libreoffice --writer again may give another error, which should help you troubleshoot further.)


How to stop Nemo 20.04 double-click behavior

Open up your terminal and type the following two commands to disable double-click from going up one folder:
gsettings set org.nemo.preferences click-double-parent-folder false

sudo gsettings set org.nemo.preferences click-double-parent-folder false

https://github.com/zilexa/UbuntuBudgie-config/blob/0aea42ab46b7bd949be32245bbff0ccd6d48e503/postinstall.sh#L88


How to share Ubuntu 16.04 virtualbox guest folders?

Not sure if this answers your question but the following works for me;

sudo add myUsername vboxsf

Then restart and you should have full access

cd /media/sf_mySharedFolder/


eCryptFS on Ubuntu Server 14x (problem with ecryptfs-generate-tpm-key)

From what I've been able to tell, this tool is obsolete and apparently isn't built any more with the Ubuntu ecryptfs userspace tools.  As you read in the IBM whitepaper, the ecryptfs-generate-tpm-key command is used in conjunction with the TSPI key module of ecryptfs.

But a maintainer of ecryptfs has stated that the TSPI module was a proof of concept (supposedly it doesn't perform well since it uses TPM on every file I/O) and should not have made it into the upstream ecryptfs-utils project to begin with:  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ecryptfs/+bug/787907.  He said he was going to remove it when kernel 3.1 was released; I suppose that has probably happened by now.  (Maybe he missed the man page?)

Apparently the replacement is to use trusted and encrypted keys on the kernel keyring, but I'm struggling with that, too: Practical use of ecryptfs, encrypted keys, and TPM: how to convert existing user key to encrypted key?


Photoshop cs6 ubuntu layerchanges won't update

I think that Photoshop uses GPU acceleration (OpenGL) and it seems like there is some problem with updating GPU buffers. I would recommend to update Wine or GPU drivers.

If it does not help, try to disable GPU acceleration: Edit - Preferences - Performance - Use Graphics Processor.

BTW. I use Photopea editor on Linux, it can do all I need and save my work back into a PSD file.

Mod Message: Whilst on-topic, the author does not disclose their affiliation with his blog site: https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/609/photoshop-animated-png/99851#99851


find command does not find string in subfolders

ok, got the answer.
Since I was on an enterprise environment, there were many symbolic links created.
I had to explicitly ask find command to also follow the symbolic links. So the command now looks like this:

find -L /apps -name "*.log" -exec grep -H "ERROR" '{}' \; -print

The problem was directories like logs1 and logs2 were symbolic links, and hence were not followed by the find command. The -L option forces the command to look in the sym links as well.


Disable automount in Nautilus to avoid mount-devices being listed twice in Nautilus

I suggest you abandon the /media... mount point and make some directories under /mnt.  Use noauto in the fstab for any /mnt entries you do not want automounted.  Seems that the noauto option is ignored when present on any /media mount point by whatever desktop software thinks it has to mount everything it sees.


Crontab entry to update my xmltv epg - xlm file - Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Server

Could doesn't work because tv_grab_uk_rt option -output is wrong.

Right option is --output <file> (use 2 dashes instead of 1).

You can look at related man page.

Update

If you want to run a cron script every tot minutes (e.g. 5) you can use the following command:

*/5 * * * * <script_file>


"Permission denied" error using dpkg-scanpackages and gzip

The problem solved itself by:
  - Changing to script directory
  - Exexuting using sudo ./my-script


The program you use for remote controls is typically lirc (Linux Infrared Remote Control). Here is a link to some of their documentation on setting it up, http://www.lirc.org/html/configure.html It can be pretty involved, depending on what you want to do.


How to create a perl script which checks the system stats(CPU,RAM,HDD) and sends an alert mail?

Let's start.

Create load.sh script

nano /path/load.sh

#!/bin/bash

#we use output from "uptime" i "w" to have load on 5 min

UPTIME=`uptime`;
W=`w`;
RAM=`free -m`;
DATE=`date`;
sleep 3
DF=`df -h`
sleep 3

echo "######################################" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "$DATE" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "UPTIME:" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "$UPTIME" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "W COMMAND:" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "$W" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "FREE RAM:" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "$RAM" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "FREE SPACE:" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "$DF" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log
echo "#####################################" >> /var/log/load-result/load_log

give script X permision

chmod 777 /path/load.sh

Create dir for storing a log file

sudo mkdir /var/log/load-result

Create script to send mails

nano /path/mail.sh

mail -s Load_From_PC soma@email.com < /var/log/load-result/load_log

Give X mail.sh

chmod 777 /path/mail.sh

Create cron jobs

sudo crontab -e

*/5 * * * * /path/load.sh
00 11 * * * /path/mail.sh

load.sh will executed on every 5 min and result from script will be added on bottom in log file.

mail.sh will be triggered every day at 11:00 h

You can change time ...


Messed up installation of mysql-server - cannot complete installation or deinstallation

I don't know why the actual package would be faulty so I would recommend forcing the install through dpkg.

sudo dpkg -i --force-all package.deb

you can find the actual package in /var/cache/apt/archives/


There is a nice tool that may be handy for globally changing the icon for a specific file type.
Install it by executing: sudo apt-get install assogiate.
After installing you can run the tool (assogiate), seek for the file type, double click on it and change the default icon.
New icon should the be applied to all files of the specific mime type.

Screenshot:


You can use Nautilus scripts like this: https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1007672/

The installation and what you need to get this done is well explained there.

Installation:
Quick installation as a nautilus script, under GNOME 3 desktop environment:

$ git clone https://github.com/emericg/OpenSubtitlesDownload.git
$ mkdir -p ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/
$ cp OpenSubtitlesDownload/OpenSubtitlesDownload.py ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/OpenSubtitlesDownload.py
$ chmod u+x ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/OpenSubtitlesDownload.py

... then you can only do a right click on any foreign movie you want to and use the script.

you can also check the settings of the script here: https://github.com/emericg/OpenSubtitlesDownload/wiki/Adjust-settings


New Firefox version with changed sessionstore.js How to get the URL from a firefox tab from the terminal, by bash?

One alternate way to the asked way by bash and the successor of sessionstor.js, to get the actual url of active browser of active browser tab by bash are the follow ( its sometimes echo p.e "c" and one other like about "[[xx" by unknown reasons to terminal, browser or to forms:
# set focus to adress on browser tab
xdotool search --onlyvisible --classname Navigator windowactivate --sync key F6

# copy adress from browser tab
xdotool search --onlyvisible --classname Navigator windowactivate --sync key Ctrl+c

# get off the focus from adress from browser tab
xdotool search --onlyvisible --classname Navigator windowactivate --sync key F6

# delivery of clipboard content to variable
clipboard=`xclip -o -selection clipboard`

# clear clipboard
xsel -bc; xsel -c

# echo URL of active tab of active browser
echo $clipboard


You create a "click package" from the Ubuntu SDK.

Have a look at "Packaging click apps":
http://developer.ubuntu.com/publish/apps/packaging-click-apps/

"apps are shipped as click packages. To generate click packages, the first step is to open your project in the Ubuntu SDK and click on the Packaging tab on the left hand side and fill out the form presented to you."

Once the package is created, you may also publish/upload it.

You can find other relevant documentation on the Ubuntu Developer Portal: http://developer.ubuntu.com/


Cannot boot with old kernel after kernel upgrade

This worked for me:

sudo apt install --reinstall linux-image-x.xx.xx-xxx-generic

Replace x.xx.xx-xx with whatever is the older kernel you are having the problem with.
Can also do with Synaptic.


Getting error "pathname cannot be converted from utf-8 to current locale" while extracting a zip file in ubuntu 20.04

Try this command : unzip -I UTF-8 Desktop.zip
Above command worked for me:

unzip -I (encoding) (FILE_PATH) -d (Destination)


Does Ubuntu include support for the Intel GMA 500?

Alan Cox from Intel is actively developing gma500 driver drivers/staging/gma500/ to become part of official kernel. You can follow his progress at lkml.

Update: The lkml post provides the status update. The driver should get out of staging into mainstream kernel-3.2. The biggest issue that it doesn't use hardware acceleration neither 2D, nor 3D, nor Video yet.

Update (2012/04/20): 12.04 LTS should have support for psb_gfx according to UbuntuWiki.

Update (2012/05/03): Instructions about how to make it working properly on 12.04 LTS are available from bodhi.zazen blog post.


How to get disk usage from command line?

By using the df command.

Here's an example output:

$ df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1            303537496  27537816 260580948  10% /
none                    950788       252    950536   1% /dev
none                    959516       232    959284   1% /dev/shm
none                    959516       388    959128   1% /var/run
none                    959516         0    959516   0% /var/lock

Also take a look at its manpage.


Try changing the -lusb to -lusb-1.0, like this:
$ cc <file name> -lusb-1.0


How Can I Publish Addons on the Ubuntu Software Center

The "best" way would be for the original app to look for "add-on" data in a predetermined spot.

Then when you make an addon 'myapp-contentpack-a' it should have a dependency on 'myapp'.

Finally, when you start myapp it should just work.

Example:
FlashcardEngine installs to /opt/com.aking1012/flashcardsEngine with a subdirectory ./data/decks.  A content pack would add decks in the ./data/decks directory.

A more complex example is if you wanted to add a feature.  I'ld put that in the base package, but not have it "activate" unless another package is present.

Not the official answer, but it IS how I would do it


You need to define an offset for the y-axis.

So your matrix should look like:

1  0  0
0 -1  1
0  0  1

So you could put this in your xorg config:

Section "InputClass"
  Identifier    "calibration"
  MatchProduct  "MicroTouch Systems, Inc. MicroTouch USB Touchscreen - EX II"
  Option "TransformationMatrix" "1 0 0 0 -1 1 0 0 1"
EndSection

For the real calibration iam using libinputs option CalibrationMatrix. Those points x0 and x3 are the clicks 1 and 3 outputted by xinput_calibrator -v.

a = (width * 6 / 8) / (x3 - x0)
c = ((width / 8) - (a * x0)) / width
e = (height * 6 / 8) / (y3 - y0)
f = ((height / 8) - (e * y0)) / height

Option "CalibrationMatrix" "a 0 c 0 e f 0 0 1"


Hard drive partition naming convention in Linux

I think now most hard disks use the SCSI interface, therefore the device is not /dev/hdx but rather /dev/sdx. USB sticks and external USB hard disks use the SCSI interface (therefore /dev/sdx). The same goes with eSata external hard disks.

As the devices are connected to the system, they occupy the next available drive letter.

For the first hard disk, /dev/sda is the raw hard disk (it points to the start of the raw hard disk). The partitions are /dev/sdaN, where N=1,2,3,4,5,6...
With the DOS compatible partitioning, you get four primary partitions (1 to 4). One of those primary partitions can be an extended partition, which means that you can further partition the interior to more partitions. In this case, the first of those, called logical partitions, is /dev/sda5. Further logical partitions are 5, 6, 7, ...
Typically you create a big extended partition and then you can add as many logical parititons as you wish.

For the mapping of Windows partitions (for example, which is C:), you need to find a Microsoft report which explains how the operating system assigns driver letters. There is a report on their website, I do not have the URL handy :-(.


Try this http://sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair-cd/home/Home/
They have a version for 32 or 64 bit OS.

I also believe that the Windows restore cd has a mode to fix the bootloader, I just can't remember how it is started plus you had to issue commands.  With the boot repair disk you just have to click the button.


Using IFS to handle whitespace in filenames

read word1 word2 … rest does the following:

Read a line.
While the current input ends in a backslash, read another line and append it to the first one, minus the backslash-newline.
Break the input into separate words, where any character in the value of the IFS variable is considered a word separator.
Assign the first word to the variable word, the second word to the variable word2, etc.
If there are words left over, they are assigned to the variable rest, with the original word separators inside preserved.

The option -r deactivates step 2, so a \ at the end of a line is not considered a word separator.

With IFS set to the empty string, there are no word separators, so the whole line is one big word: step 3 does nothing, and step 5 ends up assigning the original line to the specified variable. Regarding why IFS is set in this location, see Why is while IFS= read used so often, instead of IFS=; while read..?.

The option -d changes the notion of line: normally a line ends in a newline character; with -d '' (empty argument to -d), bash reads input records delimited by a null byte instead.

The upshot is that find … -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' file; do … executes the loop body for each match that find prints, regardless of any special characters that may occur in the file name.

As for the -- in mv -- "$file", it's there in case the value of file begins with a dash: mv would interpret it as an option. In this particular case, it isn't necessary, because the ouptut of this find command always starts with ./. Using -- systematically in scripts is arguably good hygiene.

There is a defect in this snippet: it still won't cope with file names containing whitespace or \[?*, because of the "$(echo $file | sed 's/_backup//g')" bit. A variable expansion like $file doesn't just substitute the value of the variable: it splits the variable into words using the value of IFS (just like read does), and treats each word as a wildcard pattern that is replaced by the list of matching files if it matches any. To avoid this behavior, write "$file". This is a general shell programming rule: always put double quotes around variable substitutions (and command substitutions $(…) too), unless you know why you need to leave them out. (If you want the nitty-gritty, see When is double-quoting necessary?; $VAR vs ${VAR} and to quote or not to quote and What is the significance of single and double quotes in environment variables? may also be of interest).

The quick fix is to add the double quotes:

mv -- "$file" "$(echo "$file" | sed 's/_backup//g')"

This happens to work here because of the way the input is produced, but for general values of file it fails in a few rare cases:

If the value of file consists of the character - followed by one or more letters among Een, then echo will treat it as an option and output nothing.
Command substitution eats up the last newlines of the output, so if $file ends with one or more newline characters, they will be truncated.

Bash has a string substitution which can be used instead of sed here. It's more robust (you don't need to worry about subtleties with special characters) and faster.

mv -- "$file" "${file//_backup/}"

Though given what the question asked for, this is the wrong operation: it removes _backup anywhere in the file name instead of only at the end. Here doing it right would be easier.

mv -- "$file" "${file%_backup}"


Problems turning on or restarting Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

can you tell, what kind of update you made? Was is 18.04 to 20.04?
What kind of hardware do you use?
Whats your setup (single boot or multiboot with Windows)?
Legacy Bois or UEFI? If UEFI, try Legacy
TPM 1.2 or TPM 2.0 activated? If yes, try to disable it
is your BOIS version update2date?

Maybe this Links here can help you


How to run php web application in lamp server and how to do mysql connection

This answer provides details on LAMP and PHP Install. This answer provides the details on "how to run php" on your web server.

In this answer you'll get the steps on how to install MySQL. But the details on how to connect php into mysql are too long and probably off topic right here. So I suggest you to first meet the requirements to properly run LAMP.

Additionally you may wish to have a look at this post on howtoforge, of which I place here the relevant things for your convenience:

  Installing LAMP On Ubuntu For Newbies

  In this guide I will show you how to install a LAMP system. LAMP stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP. The guide is intended to help
  those who have very little knowlegde of using Linux.

  Install Apache

  To start off we will install Apache.

  Open up the Terminal (Applications > Accessories > Terminal). (Ctrl+T also works)
  Copy/Paste the following line of code into Terminal and then press enter:

  sudo apt-get install apache2
  The Terminal will then ask you for you're password, type it and then press enter.

  Testing Apache

  To make sure everything installed correctly we will now test Apache to ensure it is working properly.

  Open up any web browser and then enter the following into the web address:

  http://localhost/

  You should see a folder entitled apache2-default/. Open it and you
  will see a message saying "It works!" , congrats to you!

  Install PHP

  In this part we will install PHP 5.

  Step 1. Again open up the Terminal (Applications > Accessories >
  Terminal). Step 2. Copy/Paste the following line into Terminal and
  press enter:

sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5

  Step 3. In order for PHP to work and be compatible with Apache we must
  restart it. Type the following code in Terminal to do this:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

  Test PHP
  -- To ensure there are no issues with PHP let's give it a quick test run.

  Step 1. In the terminal copy/paste the following line: updated

sudo gedit /var/www/html/testphp.php

  This will open up a file called phptest.php.

  Step 2. Copy/Paste this line into the phptest file:

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

  Step 3. Save and close the file.

  Step 4. Now open you're web browser and type the following into the
  web address:

http://localhost/testphp.php

  The page should look like this:

Good luck!


E:Type 'sudo' is not known on line 53 in source list

No, this line is not a valid line in /etc/apt/sources.list. Just remove it.


Google Chrome browser, how to permanently disable this disturbing toolbar?

Yes, there is a --disable-translate switch that can be passed from the command line.
google-chrome --kiosk www.france.fr

google-chrome --disable-translate --kiosk www.france.fr

Note: some extra information I found is that if there's already another instance of Chrome running, running it from the command-line will show Created new window in existing browser session, which has proved to ignore the switches passed in the command, so you won't be able to pass the --disable-translate switch, so you'll need to close all instances first. However, if you want to run a new instance from the command line alongside the existing instance, you can do google-chrome --user-data-dir=$(mktemp -d) --kiosk --disable-translate (or another directory). This involves the creation of a new user data directory.
Source: the answers here and here.

There are lots of other switches available in Chrome/Chromium that can be used. You can find them listed here and here.


Ubuntu on external HDD accessed from mac and windows

It sounds to me like you want to perform a completely normal install of Ubuntu to the external hdd, making sure to install grub (boot loader) on that harddisk and not your primary disk. Then you'll use the bios to choose which disk to boot from at startup.


How do I move the Bionic Beaver dock away from the left of the screen?

The good news is that this is easily accomplished under Bionic Beaver. Follow this navigation path:

Show Applications --> Settings --> Dock --> Position on screen

And from here you can select Left, Bottom or Right. See the screenshot below for the details:


How to monitor swap activity on desktop in real time (preferrably separately for each swap device)

I had to google the answer but the tool you need would be vmstat, example usage:

vmstat 5

Would print out data with updates every 5 seconds, change the 5 to suit to get information on the meaning of the columns of data it prints take a look at the manual page.

man vmstat

In your case it is probably si and so which will be of interest si=swap-ins and so=swap-outs, you can also view some stats including some counters since boot with with -s option.


How can i prevent access indexes in browser in lamp server on ubuntu 16.04.1

You most likely have two options.  The first being adjusting your site configuration, the second is adding an .htaccess to the directory root.

I would suggest editing your site configuration in /etc/apache2/sites-available.  When you find the configuration for the site you're trying to adjust, open it up and look for Options Indexes FollowSymLinks.  If you find that line, you can simply add a '-' to -Indexes.

Sample

<Directory /var/www/>
        Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
</Directory>

Or you can create an .htaccess file within the root directory for your site.  That file can contain just Options -Indexes.

The first method is preferred as you may need to adjust your site configuration to AllowOverride All to use the .htaccess.


Why doesn't System Monitor tell me which process is using the CPU?

You can use htop to view a detailed processes running on your system.

Install:

sudo apt-get install htop

In terminal type:

htop


iam using k3800 on my ubuntu 14.04.

these is the way i installed :-

insert your vodafone k3800 dongle and copy file named PCL_INDIAVDF.tar.gz  LOCATED IN LINUX FOLDER to your home folder.

extract PCL_INDIAVDF.tar.gz

after extraction type :-

  sudo ./install.sh

no open dash and search "Vodafone"


On the subject of extents:

  Extents replace the traditional block mapping scheme used by ext2/3
  filesystems. An extent is a range of contiguous physical blocks,
  improving large file performance and reducing fragmentation. A single
  extent in ext4 can map up to 128 MiB of contiguous space with a 4 KiB
  block size.

(from wikipedia)

128 Mb per extent gives about 4 extents per 500Mb file for absolutely the best possible scenario. Are your "more fragmented" files in 5Gb size range? Also, this doesn't necessary mean you have that many non-continuous regions... extents may follow each other on disk.

I believe fragmentation is an issue when you have thousands of non-continuous regions each of which is a few kilobytes in size. If your extents are many tens or hundreds of megabytes in size any effects on performance are negligible. Relax.


How to setup Ubuntu Server on a local wireless network?

may be better you ask the College Wifi administrator.

You can use the same ip of your laptop/desktop by a NAT interface on Virtual box configuration (By default at creating a new machine). Or if you need a separate address you need to stop the machine and edit configuration and change network properties to Bridge adapter.

I gonna suppose the following:

Laptop/desktop with Virtual box installed and already have access to the wifi network of your College.

You need to know if you are using DHCP or an Static IP.

Suposing the network on your Wifi college is 192.168.1.0/24

Edit /etc/network/interfaces

If using DHCP:

Locate lines relative to enp0s3 and modify to

iface enp0s3 inet dhcp

If using StaticIP:

Locate lines relative to enp0s3 and modify to

iface enp0s3 inet static
address 192.168.1.110
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

After edit and save the changes you need to restart the network service.

sudo ifdown enp0s3
and
sudo ifup enp0s3

or restart the machine.

sudo reboot

Later make another Ifconfig, and see if you have an ipv4 addres on your virtualmachine.

If not work, check your Host Firewall.


Cannot connect mySQL to Ruby on Rails on Ubuntu 19.04

Seems to be that this gem is not supported anymore. Try using mysql2-gem instead


How I can reset all of desktop configuration without reinstall it?

The command

unity --reset

reverts your desktop settings back to default. Also,

sudo dpkg-reconfigure unity

may help.


E: Package 'apache2' has no installation candidate

All the software sources in your /etc/apt/sources.list file that have the string wily (Ubuntu 15.10) in them are conflicting with your Ubuntu 14.04 software sources and preventing you from installing apache2. To fix this, preface each line that has the strings wily or xenial in it by a # character in order to turn it into a comment.

Edit the /etc/apt/sources.list file with nano text editor. Open the terminal and type:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

A standard sources.list file for Ubuntu 14.04 looks like this:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main

Every line in the above standard sources.list file has the string trusty in it because you are using Ubuntu 14.04. Adding repositories of other Ubuntu releases such as 15.10 or 16.04 to your Ubuntu 14.04 software sources is very bad package management.

Nano editor keyboard shortcuts
Use the keyboard combination Ctrl + O and after that press Enter to save the file to its current location.
Use the keyboard combination Ctrl + X to exit nano.

Update the list of available software and install apache2.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install apache2


Cannot install ROS indigo E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages

Because I really need the compatibility, and trusty, i went back for Ubuntu 14.04, but it still gave errors until I used this command, I really hope this helps anybody, it solved everything for me.

$ sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-wily


Unable to install Ubuntu serv 12.04 on new PC assembly

When you download Ubuntu, you download a .iso file which is an image of the installation disc. The contents of this .iso file need to be burnt to a CD to make it bootable, not just the .iso file.


Ubuntu 18.04.01 freezes when press num lock and caps lock

Answer found here:
Fn Media keys slow/delayed on ubuntu gnome 17.04

For some reason my Gnome freezes when using Fn keys, or when I try to use 2 keyboards. A friend of mine pointed to me that it occurs when switching to a keyboard layout that has Scroll Lock enabled, so I disabled it in the X11 keyboard layout file for my language and it solved the problem.
The steps I followed are:
Opened the keyboard layout file for my language, in my case:
sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/br
Commented the line:
modifier_map Mod3 { Scroll_Lock };
Logged out and logged in again.
These steps are specific for the Brazilian Portuguese ABNT2 Layout and may not work for other layouts, but it can help you find a similar solution.


Fix headphone jack so that the output is stereo, not part of surround sound

The issue turned out to be hardware related. I tried a different set of speakers, and they worked fine. It turns out the plug didn't connect quite properly with the connections in the jack.


Removed several programs using "sudo apt-get purge wine\*"

Swich to a TTY (ctrl+alt+f1) login with your username and password, and type:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

That should pull in all the default packages that had been removed.

Type exit when done, then press ctrl+alt+f7 to return to the desktop.


I'm not aware of ubuntu being available as a 7-zip file. Where did you find this download (it may be malicious).
You should download from ubuntu.com and the file type should be ISO. You will need to burn this ISO to a DVD or use unetbootin or similar to put it onto a bootable USB device.
Boot from either the DVD or ISO and you will be presented with an option to install Ubuntu. After Ubuntu is installed you won't need to boot from the DVD/USB anymore.


Is it safe to uninstall samba if I don't use it?

winbindd — Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names from NT
  servers

  winbindd is a daemon that provides a number of services to the Name
  Service Switch capability found in most modern C libraries, to
  arbitrary applications via PAM and ntlm_auth and to Samba itself.

And yes it's safe to remove samba:

sudo apt-get remove samba

to remove samba4:

sudo apt-get remove samba4


it turned out to be a pretty stupid thing. I read the documentation and did a little research. it seems that I needed a drive size at least 20 GB.

not sure if that's  some limitation from ubuntu or VMware. so I did that and it appeared fine as /dev/sdb and everything is working fine now.

10GB drive just doesn't work!


Where can I find a download link for Amazon Alexa for Ubuntu 14.04?

Amazon Alexa is not available for desktops. It's only available on Kindle Fire, Android, and iOS. Instead, you might want to go to alexa.amazon.com to control Echo from a computer. Also, alexa.amazon.com is vastly superior to the Amazon Alexa app but Amazon has been very quiet about it.. But if you want to use Alexa with your computer, go to alexa.amazon.com

Source:

https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=201602060
http://www.howtogeek.com/243364/how-to-control-your-amazon-echo-from-the-web-instead-of-a-cramped-smartphone-app/


How can I count the number of sleeping processes in my system?

Extended explanation... trusting you to take it all in since it's your homework...

List processes with the ps command

$ ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
 4879 pts/3    00:00:00 bash
 5003 pts/3    00:00:00 ps

Oh, this only shows the processes of the current session. We want to show all processes in the system. For that we can use the -e flag

$ ps -e
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
    1 ?        00:00:05 systemd
    2 ?        00:00:00 kthreadd
    3 ?        00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
[and many more lines]

but how do we show which ones are sleeping??

You can use the -l option or u option. This gives more detail including the state of the process. Sleeping processes have a letter S or D in the STAT column

from man ps

  PROCESS STATE CODES
         Here are the different values that the s, stat and state output specifiers (header "STAT" or "S") will display to describe the state
  of a
         process:

           D    uninterruptible sleep (usually IO)
           R    running or runnable (on run queue)
           S    interruptible sleep (waiting for an event to complete)
           T    stopped by job control signal
           t    stopped by debugger during the tracing
           W    paging (not valid since the 2.6.xx kernel)
           X    dead (should never be seen)
           Z    defunct ("zombie") process, terminated but not reaped by its parent

We can format the ps output to show ONLY the states, to make it easier to count them:

ps -e -o state

here we use -e to get all the processes and the -o flag, followed by the type of output we want. This command outputs only the state letter. We can then pipe (using |) this output to grep to count the lines with S or D, the sleeping processes:

ps -e -o state | grep -cE 'S|D'

grep searches for text. The -c option tells it to only count matches instead of outputting the found text itself. The -E option tells grep to use extended regex, so that we can use the | characters to match thing OR stuff using the expression: thing|stuff. When using regex, use single quotes to prevent expansions by the shell.


Windows 10 login information for accessing samba share protected directory located on Ubuntu 18.04

As for this specific error message:

  Multiple connections to a server or shared resource by the same user,
  using more than one user name, are not allowed. Disconnect all
  previous connections to the server or shared resource and try again.

The problem here is that when a user on Windows first makes contact with a server it automatically passes that users' local login username. If you have a public share it remembers that it took that username successfully. When you try to connect to a private share and don't pass the exact same username and password, it thinks you are trying to access with another name.

Some workarounds:

1) Map the Windows user to the local Linux user - this is useful for Win10 users who log into their systems with a Microsoft account.

Create a file at /etc/samba/smbusers
Map the local Linux user to the Windows user by adding the conversion to the file. For example:

luci = luci@example.com
john = "John Smith"

Then add a reference to the map in /etc/samba/smb.conf in the [global] section:

username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

Finally restart smbd: sudo service smbd restart

2) Make another connection to the Linux server

Windows can address a Linux server in two (three in Win10) different ways. By hostname, by ip address, or by mDNS name (Win10 only):

\\ubuntu\Protected
\\192.168.0.100\Protected
\\ubuntu.local\Protected

Even though all of these point to the same machine, Windows sees them a three separate hosts.

3) Map the "network drive"

When mapping a drive, select the "connect using different credentials" option.


First wipe away the MBR with dd.  (Make SURE you know which device it is, as this will destroy anything on there.  If you do this to your harddrive you're finished.)

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=512 count=2

Then you should be able to unmount it, unplug it, plug it back in, and reformat it with ubuntu.  Or do it at the command line with fdisk.


Check all the mixer settings. The gain may be set too high.
Somewhere in the sound settings or in the panel of your desktop you can change the volume, and there is also a button "audio mixer" or similar that provides more sliders than just the volume. One of them is "microphone gain" (or similar). It really depends on what desktop you are using.


Have you tried launching your program through the terminal to see if there are any errors while you try and change the theme?
Also maybe you should try and launch super-boot-manager as root to make the changes?
sudo super-boot-manager


apt-cache/apt search packages that are not installed

You can see them like this... but not in nice colours

apt list --installed=false | grep -v '\[installed'


This question will lead you down the right path:

How do I install OpenStack?

I'll give you a high level overview of what happens when you do this so it's clear to you how the big pieces move. If you follow the link above, what we call "The OpenStack Installer" does everything I'm about to tell you in a nice, more automated way. It lets you pick how you want your networking, and a bunch of other questions that will fit exactly how you want to deploy your cloud. Here's an overview of what's happening:

MAAS: Metal as a Service, think of this as an API for all your hardware, if you "want a machine with X cores and X amount of disks and this kind of networking" then you ask MAAS. MAAS registers all your hardware in it's database (you do this by enlisting them into MAAS), and then it kind of just sits there waiting for you. When you ask MAAS for a machine it gets you a machine, you don't need to install Ubuntu Server by hand, it will automatically keep images up to date and fresh for you. It's basically an Ubuntu-serving machine; it of course does more than that, but for now, consider it your broker for hardware.
Juju: Juju's job is to create what you tell it to model. You say "I want a cloud that looks like this." Number of nodes, which services to put on it, etc. It takes your modelled deployment and then tells MAAS, "go get me these machines so I can make this happen." MAAS then goes and turns on all the machines standing by, installs the OS, and puts whatever you told it to on each machine ... in this case, you are telling it .... give me OpenStack.
OpenStack is your cloud. Juju will take all of the OpenStack charms and execute that code on each of the nodes MAAS has provisioned. Swift, Nova, etc. These make up the basic components of a cloud, compute, networking, storage, identity, and then all the other things you might want.

Ok. Now here's where it gets like Inception (the movie). Juju's job is to model and orchestrate services. It did so and gave you a cloud, so now you have a cluster but it's empty. So what happens next is you go into your openstack dashboard, and then you can use Juju to deploy all the things you want running on your cloud. Juju doesn't just drive your cloud itself, it also puts what you want on top of your cloud.

At this point, unless you're adding more hardware to your cluster, you can just let the MAAS server sit there and let OpenStack manage your virtual machines and containers for all the CAD, CAM, and CAE software. You can do this by hand, or of course, write Juju charms for all the software that you want to put on your cloud.

The idea (and reason) these tools exist is that while saving you a bunch of time on the initial installation is a really great bonus, it's only a one-time savings, when you're setting up the cloud. By automating the modelling of the CAD, CAM, and CAE software and those workloads after you've done the installation, that's saving time over and over again.


`Compiz` profile settings export and import using command line

I'm not sure of a command line utility, but you can easily do this with a script in Python and python-compizconfig package. Here you go:

#!/usr/bin/python
import sys, os
import compizconfig

#The last input on the command line will be the path to save the file to.
savefile=sys.argv[-1]

context=compizconfig.Context()
#Change keyword if you want to skip saving entries that are default
context.Export(os.path.abspath(savefile),skipDefaults=False)

To import settings, you could just change the last line to context.Import(os.path.abspath(savefile))

Now to run, just save and chmod +x scriptname.py and run ./scriptname.py FILE or run with python scriptname.py FILE if you don't chmod.

WARNING- I have only tested a bit and basic functionality works, but I guarantee nothing. The script can be made much more robust and functional.


Use the WUBI install to make a bootable LiveUSB with Startup Disk Creator.  You will be able to boot off the USB but you might need to consult the manual.  There's often a short-cut key (for example  on the EeePC) that is the easiest way to get a boot menu to boot off the USB.


I couldn't upadate and upgrade software.it showing some errors

First use the following command to fix the multiple lines error:

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/xenial-partner.list*

or if the above command throws an error without the asterix at the end:

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/xenial-partner.list

Then either reboot your computer or simply if you just started it wait a moment, it can be that you have unattended-updates activated and this process is locking the administrative directory. And if this still does not work, you can use the following command (beware, only use this if the situation not fixes itself after a moment of wait, as per @RoVo's comment):

sudo rm -vf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

The -v option is for showing verbose output and the -f option is for forcing the command, here combined into a single one -vf. Remember to re run sudo apt update after you deleted the actual lists from your machine.

For fixing the CD-Rom error you need to edit the first line/lines in your /etc/apt/sources.list file and put a # in front of those mentioning the cdrom so make:

deb cdrom://Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS Xenial Xerus - Release amd64 (20160719) xenial
deb-src cdrom://Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS Xenial Xerus - Release amd64 (20160719) xenial

into

# deb cdrom://Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS Xenial Xerus - Release amd64 (20160719) xenial
# deb-src cdrom://Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS Xenial Xerus - Release amd64 (20160719) xenial


"Upgrade Ubuntu 13.04 to Ubuntu 13.10" is greyed out

Upgrading from the install medium is only available if you have internet access during the install.

source: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubiquity/+bug/1170531

  It is correct, we do not support offline upgrades via ubiquity/desktop CDs.

So as long as the installer detects there is no internet connection this will be grayed out. After your other question with the missing internet connection is solved this won't be grayed out anymore.


Where is the manpage of the set builtin?

To obtain help on a bash built-in such as set, use:

help set

Or else, run man bash and search on set.

Documentation

To learn more about help, run help help:

$ help help
help: help [-dms] [pattern ...]
    Display information about builtin commands.

    Displays brief summaries of builtin commands.  If PATTERN is
    specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN,
    otherwise the list of help topics is printed.

    Options:
      -d        output short description for each topic
      -m        display usage in pseudo-manpage format
      -s        output only a short usage synopsis for each topic matching
        PATTERN

    Arguments:
      PATTERN   Pattern specifiying a help topic

    Exit Status:
    Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is given.


Ubuntu Core for Raspberry Pi 3, How to access MAC address before finishing setup?

You should be able to escape to a shell using the command CtrlAltF6.  See: how to open CLI during installation

You can then find the MAC address using the ifconfig command.

I'm not sure the video is up-to-date, but looking at this video showing the setup, the MAC is actually displayed during the setup:

If you can enable (whitelist) the access control limitation to your device's MAC using a different computer, that's probably easier.
Alternatively, you can also use x-windows enabled version of Ubuntu for Raspberry Pi to completed the MAC address whitelisting before moving to install Ubuntu Core.


Two programs work great in cleaning: Ubunutu Tweak and Bleachbit. The first is user-friendly and therefore less dangerous and therefore less powerful. The second can break your system but if you know what you're doing can be really useful.

Good luck


Installing and start using juju in ubuntu

There is a complete guide to installing, configuring and using Juju in the documentation, which you will find at:

jujucharms.com/docs

Please let us know if it doesn't cover what you are looking for.


How to set keyboard combination to kill the X server?

Gnome:

Open the keyboard preferences (Search for keyboard in Dash), go to the Layout tab and press Options. Open Key sequece to kill the X server and toggle Control + Alt + Backspace

KDE:

I don't run KDE so I can't verify it or make a pretty screenshot, but according to the Ubuntu Wiki, you do as follows:

Open System Settings

KDE 4.1 - KDE 4.5

Select "Regional & Language"
Select "Keyboard Layout".
Click on "Enable keyboard layouts" (in the Layout tab).
Select the "Advanced" tab. Then select "Key sequence to kill the X server" and enable "Control + Alt + Backspace".

KDE 4.6+

Select Input Devices under the heading Hardware
Select Advanced Tab
Click on Configure Keyboard Options
Enable "Key sequence to kill the X server" and enable "Control + Alt + Backspace".


is moving between attached monitor and native display possible from top?

Yes. If you go to System Settings then Displays. All you have to do is drag the external monitor to the position you want it to be. So click and drag it so that it is positioned over the top of the laptop screen.


Found the other ubuntu versions in drop-down menu on login page, default version has all files, folders & apps, great job, guys, but you sure know how to panic a user.


can't find /home/username/Box in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab

Looks like I misread the tutorial. To get this working, open /etc/fstab and add:

https://dav.box.com/dav /home/<username>/Box  davfs  _netdev,rw,user 0 0


The root account is not disabled, it is locked.

The preferred method is to use sudo, specifically sudo -i

See: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo

You can run graphical applications with gksu, it needs to be installed on 13.04

sudo apt-get install gksu

You can always boot to a root shell by booting to recovery mode and dropping to a root shell.

You can ssh in as root using keys or by setting a password.


A simple enough bash way:

for i in *_date
do
    mv "$i" "${i%%_date}"
done

${i%%_date} removes a trailing _date from the string in i.


How I can monitor new files in a directory and move/rename them into another directory?

First install the package inotify-tools:

sudo apt-get install inotify-tools

A bash script would help

#! /bin/bash

folder=~/Desktop/abc

cdate=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M")

inotifywait -m -q -e create -r --format '%:e %w%f' $folder | while read file

  do
    mv ~/Desktop/abc/output.txt ~/Desktop/Old_abc/${cdate}-output.txt
  done

What does this script means:

This will watch the folder ~/Desktop/abc so whenever a file created inside then it's going to move the file founded inside which is name output.txt to a directory ~/Desktop/Old_abc and rename providing a suffix of date and time of t he new file, this to be sure not to overwrite old files and like that you can also know this file was created in what time and date


libtrng4 is not a Ubuntu ubuntu package and your error indicates that its not installed..
Suggest you have a go at installing it from scratch:-
https://github.com/rabauke/trng4

Installation instructions are here:-
https://github.com/rabauke/trng4/raw/master/doc/trng.pdf
git clone https://github.com/rabauke/trng4
cd trng4
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
make install

If all of that worked then your compile line should be:-
g++ -o 1.cpp -L/usr/local/lib -ltrng4


Can I restore my files I deleted using BleachBit?

BleachBit is made to securely delete files by overwriting them several times (or similar methods).

Your data is gone. Make a backup next time.


Not exactly what you're asking for, but it might be a good substitute. This method allows GRUB to remember the last OS that you booted, and use that saved setting for future boots, until you decide to boot a different OS.

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub # edit grub config file

Change/add the following near the top of the grub file...

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved    # change this existing line
GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true # add this new line

sudo update-grub # update grub


I keep getting a syntax error when trying to install Bumblebee

There is a typo in the installer for the version of Bumblebee that you downloaded. It was fixed only a couple hours ago; update your Git repository and try installing Bumblebee again.


The third column after executing the displays the vendor recognized by arp-scan. In the case of (Unknown), it means that arp-scan is unable to recognize it.

From nta-monitor.com:

  If you find a system that arp-fingerprint reports as UNKNOWN, and you know what operating system it is running, please send details of the operating system and fingerprint to arp-scan@nta-monitor.com so I can include it in future versions. Please include the exact version of the operating system if you know it, as fingerprints sometimes change between versions.


Wifi problem with RTL8723ae on Ubuntu 14.04

Go into network manager at top right corner of the screen and click on edit connections > wireless tab and set IPV6 to ignore.

Now open the terminal CTRL+ALT+T then copy and paste the following code one line at a time for accuracy:

echo "options rtl8723ae swenc=1 ips=0" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723ae.conf
sudo modprobe -rfv rtl8723ae
sudo modprobe -v rtl8723ae

IF the issue persists, try compiling new driver. Hope this helps!


There may not be any need to use the swap space, since you've got some free memory. Start some memory intensive applications and see how it goes.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwapFaq#Why_is_my_swap_not_being_used.3F


How can I tell if I installed with wubi?

Unless it's changed since I last tried Wubi,  if you installed via Wubi, if you check 'Programs and Features' in Control Panel in Windows 7 you will see Ubuntu (or Wubi?) listed as a program in the add/remove programs list like all of your other programs.


Unable to boot post upgrade to 12.10 from 12.04 on a dual boot PC

Solved. Here are step-by-steps instructions for a noob like me.

First step after going to grub recovery is to find out the partition on the disk.

a) type "ls" on the grub-recovery prompt. this would give you all the partitions on your disk.

grub-recovery> ls

my output was
(hd0), (hd0,msdos1), (hd0,msdos2), (hd0,msdos3).... and so on

2) now we have to find out which of these partitions contain Ubuntu files to do this type

ls  e.g. ls (hd0,msdos5)

in case you see and error it means that this is not the partition that we are looking for. Keep trying this with other partitions till you see something like below

e.g. lost+found dev bin usr etc-2

for me it turned out to be (hd0,msdos5)

3) now we need to find the location for the file with name starting with vmlinuz.... and initrd...

they would be generally under the folder /boot

ls /boot/

note down the full names and the path of the files, we might need them later. For me they we under /boot/ folder and were named vmlinuz-3.2.0-32-generic and initrd-3.2.0-32-generic

4) now make a Live CD or pen-drive for linux, plug it in and start your PC. When you see grub menu (menu where user is asked to either install Ubuntu or try it without installing) press character C and hit enter.

this would take you to the grub prompt.

How to install Ubuntu via pen-drive

we are not going to make a fresh install of Ubuntu, we just want to use the grub command prompt.

5) type the below mentioned commands on grub prompt

set root=(hd0,x)

if your partition was sda5 type 5 in place of x e.g. set root=(hd0,5)

6) linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sdXY ro

in case you see an error you'll have to use the full path that we notoed in step 3.

e.g. linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-32-generic root=/dev/sda5 ro

7) initrd /initrd.img

if you see an error specify the full path as in step E

e.g. initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-32-generic

8) boot

using the above methods I was able to boot into Ubuntu and was able to access all my data.

9) as final step we need to fix the grub so that we don't have to follow these steps every time we want to login.

Link to install Boot-Repair


What do you mean "clogging up /etc/fstab"? The best place to put this in is /etc/fstab; that's what it was made for!

All you have to do is add one line after the first mount:

# <device>                                 <dir>                 <type>  <options>                 <dump>  <pass>
UUID=288a84bf-876c-4c4b-a4ba-d6b4cc6fc0d2  /mnt/device            ext4    defaults,noatime,nofail   0       2
/mnt/device                                /srv/binded_device     none    bind                      0       0


Some of the processes may already be started through XDG autostart. When any user logs in, processes defined in /etc/xdg/autostart are automatically started. That includes the daemons that your desktop environment uses.

These processes are described using .desktop files, text files with the same format as these used to populate the application menu. However, they include a line NoDisplay=true to prevent them from showing up in your menu.

In principle, desktop specific .desktop files also should contain an entry that limits their execution to that specific desktop environment. Such line looks like OnlyShowIn=MATE;. This line will make sure the desktop file is not used (as if it would not exist) except in the listed desktop environments. The system is informed about the current desktop through the environmental variable $XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP.

Thus, in your i3 session
1) Check whether $XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP is set or correctly set.
2) Check whether the .desktop file in /etc/xdg/autostart that corresponds with mate-settings-daemon does contain the appropriate OnlyShowIn line.


There is more than one Software "Center".  I'm seeing that some people have problems with certain ones.  Since you say Gnome Software Center isn't working for you, then you can install ubuntu-software-center.  You can do this by running these commands from the terminal.

(Please note, the $ symbol is the terminal prompt.  The command is what following the prompt.)

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-software

You can decide which one will be your default by right clicking on a *.deb package and choosing the one that works best.  Then click on Set as Default.

Note:
ubuntu-software and gnome-software are the same on Ubuntu 16.04.  ubuntu-software is a symbolic link to gnome-software.  If one is broken it's unlikely the other will work.

The system updates above may resolve the issue.  If they don't, install an alternate software installer:

$ sudo apt-get install software-center

Perform these steps to fix gnome-software/ubuntu-software

Rename or remove the ~/.local/share/gnome-software.  In the steps below it's removed and will be recreated when you start gnome-software.  It currently has a list of what has been installed.

The first line will ensure the locked up instances are removed from memory.  It might not be necessary.

$ killall gnome-software
$ rm -r ~/.local/share/gnome-software

Now run ubuntu-software or gnome-software from the Unity Launch Button.


It seems that I have deleted my boot sector(Grub Partition)! How to fix it?

To restore Grub on your computer you need to install it on the boot partition, to do that, boot from a live disk and go to terminal and enter

  sudo fdisk -l

and this command will show you the partitions you have and select the one that is going to be the Windows boot partition (if you install Windows after Ubuntu you will have to repeat the steps all over again) and mount it with the command

  sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

where one is the number of the partition you want to use.

then this command:

sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev

then this command

sudo chroot /mnt

then this command

grub-install /dev/sda

then this command

update-grub


Terminal shortcut to go to beginning of command?

Home. Plus you may want to know about sudo !!, which repeats the previous command, but with sudo in front of it.


Access an Ubuntu (WSL) folder from Windows

All Windows' disks are available through /mnt/, so you can copy it to E: using Bash:

cp -r /home/user/direcory /mnt/e

Root of Ubuntu is located at %LOCALAPPDATA%\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState\rootfs.


where is current directory when Ubuntu 16.04 automatically starts an application at power up

The first directory would be your default directory (~userid).  Unless you changed it from the default it would be /home/yourid.

Some applications might change the current work directory as part of its configuration.  So if you see an occasion to be in a different folder, it would be, because of the operation of the particular app.

You can actually write a simple script/application to test this.

The  script:

myscript.sh:

#!/bin/bash

date >> /tmp/test.out
echo "Current Workdirectory: $(pwd)" >> /tmp/test.out

Create a desktop launcher and place it in your ~/.config/autostart folder:

The desktop launcher:
myapp.desktop:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Name=My Test App
GenericName=Test Application
Comment=A quick test script
Exec=/usr/local/bin/test.sh
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=/usr/share/icons/local/apollo.png
Categories=test;script
StartupNotify=false

Save the test.sh file at /usr/local/bin.  Make sure it is executable with chmod +x test.sh.

It will automatically run.  You can then view the current directory by examining the redirected /tmp/test.out content.  It'll contain the date it was last run, plus your current work directory.

Tested Output:

$ cat /tmp/test.out
Wed May 24 16:53:28 EDT 2017
Current Workdirectory: /home/apollo


Alert when terminal program finishes running?

There's couple of ways, both with && (logical AND) operator (which runs only when last command succeeded). If you want to run notification regardless of whether command succeeded or failed, use semicolon ; instead of &&.

Graphical

myscript.sh && notify-send 'DONE'

Audio:

myscript.sh && aplay /usr/share/sounds/speech-dispatcher/test.wav

Note, you can use any audio file instead of the one I used here.
Both:

 myscript.sh && aplay /usr/share/sounds/speech-dispatcher/test.wav && notify-send 'DONE !'


If I install Lubuntu desktop will I still be able to use Gnome Shell and Unity?

Installing the LXDE Meta Package (its a 13Mb download) from Software Center does add a few new sessions:

Choosing LXDE:

and yes - Gnome Shell and Unity still work...


where are packeges from Ubuntu Software Center downloaded to?

The command dpkg -L <package> will display the files associated with the given package.

Sample output of
$ dpkg -L vim
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/vim.basic
/usr/share
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/vim
/usr/share/bug
/usr/share/bug/vim
/usr/share/bug/vim/presubj
/usr/share/bug/vim/script
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/vim


error message when opening libreoffice 3.4

IMHO there are two possible reasons:

dialog.xlc is missing;
dialog.xlc contains paths that are invalid after the removal of 3.3.

So, you should check first if the file is at its place:

  $ ls -la /home/office/.libreoffice/3/user/basic/dialog.xlc

If it's there, open it with your preferred text editor (gedit, for example), and check the content for invalid paths.

If there's no dialog.xlc at that place, i would recommend searching for the default dialog.xlc on your system using:

  $ locate dialog.xlc

and copy it into /home/office/.libreoffice/3/user/basic/.


19.10 Ubuntu automatically connects to a weaker Wi-Fi

I suggest you ask your wireless to bind to the stronger access point. Right-click the Network Manager icon, select Edit Connections. Fill in the MAC address for your access point; find it with:

sudo iwlist wlp3s0 scan

For example:

Cell 05 - Address: 00:13:19:F2:2E:D0
                Channel:6
                Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
                Quality=66/70  Signal level=-88 dBm
                Encryption key:on
                ESSID:"UCInet Mobile Access"

Use the address (MAC address) you found to place in BSSID in Network Manager:

Save and close.


It turns out that I want lxde (Lightweight X(11) Desktop Environment), which includes flwm and various other components that make it work smoother with Ubuntu.  You can also install the lubuntu-core package, which installs the core Lubuntu desktop (includes flwm and OpenBox) without any extra programs.


To enable remote desktop on your Ubuntu, follow the steps personally followed by me on Ubuntu v16.04 LTS:

Search your computer and type desk to open desktop sharing
Enable Allow other users to view your desktop option if you want other users should just see your desktop. To give them editing rights also, opt for Allow other users to control your desktop option
Google for different VNC clients and find the one that suits you the best
Combine Ctrl + Alt + t keys together to open a fresh terminal window
For connection, I personally use remmina command
Security setting

In case someone tries to connect with you and you want to check before blocking or allowing that connection, check the Ask you for confirmation option.

You can also set up a password for your remote connection to avoid giving anyone unauthorized access to your system.


Install haproxy 1.5 without telling apt specific version

You can use

    apt-get -t trusty-backports install haproxy


Boot hangs after I have moved home partition

Since there was no answer here I asked the same question at ubuntuforums.
The solution was to reinstall grub from a live usb like this:

sudo mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda


How do I completely nuke my system and start afresh?

Before you proceed: If you have an UEFI system, this will nuke UEFI too, but rEFInd is a good replacement...

Are you sure?  Really sure??? - Well, then just:

Boot the Ubuntu Installation media.
Choose Try Ubuntu.
Start gparted from the dash.
Go to the correct hdd on the top right corner:

Click: Device.
Click: Partition table.
If you don't care about Windows, choose gpt, otherwise choose msdos in the screen below:

Click: Apply on the screen above.
Click the Install Ubuntu icon and follow these instructions here.


Press e at the bootloader to enter the bootloader and press e again to enter the kernel options. Then add nomodeset rdblacklist=nouveau to the end of the line that begins with linux and boot the system.
After you install the system, download the proper driver for your card, run:
chmod +x _name_of_your_driver.run

and type init 3 in terminal to enter runlevel 3. Login as root, and run the installer. If you have any issues you want to update the kernel, read this: http://www.wikihow.com/Update-Ubuntu-Kernel


When I type in whereis java it gives: java: /usr/local/java /usr/share/java /home/hugh/.sdkman/candidates/java/9.0.1-oracle/bin/java

The goal of Step 3 is to configure your Java home.
Based on your comment above,
your Java home is /home/hugh/.sdkman/candidates/java/9.0.1-oracle,
this is the value to use as JAVA_HOME in the hadoop-env.sh configuration file. That is:

export JAVA_HOME=/home/hugh/.sdkman/candidates/java/9.0.1-oracle

Let me explain a bit more. The instructions ask you to do readlink -f /usr/bin/java | ... because the page assumes that you have /usr/bin/java symlinked to somewhere. But you don't. Your java is in fact in /usr/local/java, so in your case the equivalent appropriate step would be:

readlink -f /usr/local/java | sed "s:bin/java::"

Where, readlink -f /usr/local/java will output /home/hugh/.sdkman/candidates/java/9.0.1-oracle/bin/java,
and the sed command removes the bin/java from it,
which leaves you with /home/hugh/.sdkman/candidates/java/9.0.1-oracle.


Why new installed apache2 not starting in Ubuntu Server 20

please post the output of
netstat -tulpen | grep 80

it seems port 80 is already in use.
See your error log:
(98)Address already in use: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
(98)Address already in use: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80
no listening sockets available, shutting down


(Assuming you are using 12.04)

Click on the little wrench icon at the top-right position of the panel.
Select Startup Applications
There should be an entry for "Cairo-dock", select it
Remove the tick mark from the entry.

Logout and Login again to test it.


SFTP Access to multiple directories for different groups

Your current setup seems wrong logically, the server wouldn't know which which config to use and can't be both.
You can play with the structure of the folders

Nest them /cbpp/cbpp-uat or reverse /cbpp-uat/cbpp
Use bind mount, create new folder /cbpp2 then bind mount /cbpp to /cbpp2/cbpp and /cbpp-uat to /cbpp2/cbpp-uat. Use /cbpp2 for group that need access to both.


How can I make a script run automatically after gdm login and logout?

Found it.

/etc/gdm/PostLogin/Default for login script
/etc/gdm/PostSession/Default for logout script

I figured from Florian's suggestion that there should be something for gdm that did it :)


samba - connect users /home dir to pre-existing /home on a data drive

so, this is how I could work out that issue
1. change the name of the the home of the previous server
sudo mv /srv/smb/usr1 /srv/smb/usr1_old
2. move the new home folder of usr1 to the /srv/smb/ directory
sudo usermod -md /srv/smb/usr1/ usr1
3. check the passwd file (which should show the new directory for usr1)
cat /etc/passwd | grep usr1
if that looks good ...
4. copy the content of the old home directory to the new one
sudo rsync -azvv --ignore-existing /srv/smb/usr1_old/* /srv/smb/usr1/
a) the --ignore-existing option makes sure the . files (.profile i.e.) in the new home folder (automatically created upon usercreation) are not being overwriten by the . files from the old home (not sure whether that really makes a huge difference but still I'd do it this way)
b) I'm sure you can achieve the same result also with cp, still I used rsync coz I'm more familiar with that
and ... I'm up'n'runnin' ! I guess it won't hurt to double check access rights are matching the new system (which I did before alreay) also existing  acl's on the old server you may have totally forgot about can cause wuite some headache, so it's worth to look into this as well if running into any problems.
Hope this'll help someone else with the same question. Thanks @Sebastian Stark for the comments above. Somehow they helped me to find my way


Ubuntu hangs on boot after blackout- Detect the available GPUs

I fixed the problem in the following way:

Boot in recovery mode with read/write access
Go to shell as root
sudo apt-get remove lightdm (now gdm3 is default)
Start the network: sudo service network-manager restart
sudo apt upgrade
reboot

For me that worked.
Can be that it would have even worked if I didn't remove lightdm.


System slows down until I move the mouse

This sounds like a bug with something related to timer interrupts.  Basically, the kernel is waiting for an interrupt to give the next process a short slice of time to run, but the timer interrupt signal never fires.  And moving the mouse happens to fire an interrupt too, so that's why the kernel starts scheduling time for all applications again then.

I suggest you file a bug report against the kernel on Launchpad.  The best way to do that on Ubuntu is by running the following command:

ubuntu-bug linux

That will collect info about your system (things like kernel version & hardware info), send it to Launchpad, and then open a browser to file a bug report.  If you don't have a Launchpad account yet, you'll be asked to create one.  Make sure to explain well what your problem is, and answer if more info is asked.


Is LUKS key wiped out from RAM on shutdown, hibernation and suspend?

This question has several answers on SuperUser. But basically the answers say that if you don't use old RAM modules (DDR2 and back) you should not worry about this. This has nothing to do with the Operative System, through you can apply additional protection at OS level wiping the memory at shutdown.

In case you have old modules, you can activate "Activate Autostart at Power loss" (this changes between BIOS) and doing "RAM check at boot time" (this will slowdown your boot).

Rewording mnmnc's answer, if you want to protect your Ubuntu installation:

Do you want a secure way of shutting down the PC? Here it is:

Keep secure data in True Crypt cascade algorithm encrypeted file
Use Serpent
Create a script to handle shutdown:

truecrypt /wipecache
shutdown -h now

/wipecache ensures that no vulnerable data remains in RAM after shutdown. If someone will perform Cold Boot Attack they will have access to your System at best. They will not have data stored in a separately encrypted file.


Cannot get HPLIP to run on Ubuntu 18.04 - error: No module named 'PyQt4'

Here is the easy way of using anykind of scanners with a Linux system:
Forget about the useless HP stuff.
Here's what I did after 3 days of HP-insane Software messing around with me:
I setup Ubuntu without any additional external drivers for Hp printer or scanner
solely started XSANE and tested it with my "old" standalone Canon Lide scanner.

XSANE recognized my Canon but HP!
I installed the VueScan 30-days test version to see if all scanners are available.

Yes, all scanners are visible AND operatioal via USB, Lan and Wlan.

Consequently I needed to make a decision:
do I want HP to mess around  with me 'till the end of my life promising everything will be fine or  do I want to work in peace and harmony with my Ubuntu system?

Subsequently I bought the "big" version of VueScan becuse I own a HP M280nw with varios scanning options and I dont want to be restricted to flatbad-scanning.

( ....and NO... no one is paying me to name or use then named software, I simply was sick of these bloody Hp-drivers)


You need to install and use python3-pip

sudo apt install python3-pip
pip3 install vpython


You can use PySerial to access USB ports. I've only used it for regular RS232 serial ports myself, but at least for that it's easy to use and it's even been ported to python3 if you're using that.

You won't use the bus path like you said in your text, but rather use /dev/ttyUSBx where x is the number of your USB port. It's rather common to just iterate through ports 0-255 with PySerial and then catch the exceptions for ports that don't exist. Not sure if you would get the text identifier though. Like I said, I've never used it for USB myself so can't help you much on that end.


xdg-open doesn't read from stdin. Use

locate X | xargs -L1  xdg-open


sudo lshw -C network not showing any results

I think that Broadcom wireless devices use proprietary drivers that don't get enabled by default. See if this website sheds some light on your issue.

http://www.ubuntulinuxguide.com/proprietarydrivers.htm


Open LibreWriter and check Tools / Options / LibreOffice / Memory if the quickstarter is enabled and uncheck it. I had such an issue.


do you have 2 GPU's by any chance ? I.e. 1 NVIDIA and 1 onboard ? Sometimes after upgrade or fresh driver install the settings for display will change, effectively running you into login loop

If that's the case please try the following:

From the terminal (i.e. Ctrl + Alt + F3)

prime-select intel

To switch to Nvidia card:

prime-select nvidia

To check which card is being used right now, run this command:

prime-select query


"Virtual Device" for Microphone, Speakers, and Ringing

I had the same problem. Running pulseaudio on the command line gave me:

E: [pulseaudio] module-device-restore.c: Failed to open volume database '/home/niklaus/.pulse/63d4d5dc69352a2dc2c957aa513088e7-device-volumes': Keine Berechtigung

Called rm -rf /home/niklaus/.pulse. Then pulseaudio started without problem and Skype worked.


Unable to install Eclipse, how can I locate the missing package?

One way to install eclipse is through the software center.

Another way is to visit http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/compare.php?release=luna and compare the different packages,

download the package that meets your needs from
http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/

and follow the installation instructions here


byobu - status fields not hiding when I/O becomes zero - bug, or as expected?

Yes, this was a bug present in Byobu versions prior to the 4.33 release, which fixed these.

You can install newer versions from the PPA using:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:byobu/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -f byobu

-- Dustin Kirkland, author and maintainer of Byobu.


Update manager for Kubuntu is called muon-updater and I believe it's installed by default. Just press Alt-F2 and start typing 'muon-updater' there


You will need either:

DLNA-compatible content server on Ubuntu
SMB (Samba) share on your Ubuntu system that your XMBC client can use.

I think this link would be prefect for your needs


Try using

apt-get remove swi-prolog*

If you install prolog via apt, a lot of extra swipl packages are also installed (for example swi-prolog-nox, which is the swipl version without a GUI). By using the wildcard all these versions should be removed, too