Desktop maximal slow after upgrade Kubuntu from 10.04 to 12.04

Unless you have been using ppas to ensure you are always running the latest version of KDE, as part of the upgrade you have probably taken a leap of several versions. Sometimes these don't go very well as the config of the old version might not suit the new one.

Go to home directory and ensure you are showing hidden files in dolphin (view/show hidden files). open .kde/share/config and rename all the files that begin with plasma.
Reboot and you should be presented with a clean desktop that will hopefully be running properly. In doing it this way you will have preserved the configuration of all your apps, but you will need to reconfigure your desktop.

Hope this helps.


How to convert string into int in csv file?

We can use sed in this way:

sed -E 's/\:([0-9])([0-9])\..*"/\:\1\2"/g' fb.csv

Better regular expression was provided by @GlennJackman:

  A colon is not special and does not need to be escaped. You don't need
  to capture each digit separately. It does not need to be a global
  replacement because the first one will erase the rest of the line:
  s/(:[0-9][0-9])\.[0-9]+/\1/:

sed -E 's/(:[0-9][0-9])\.[0-9]+/\1/' fb.csv

The most lightweights solution without extended regex was provided by @Dessert:

sed 's/\.[0-9]*"$/"/' fb.csv

To convert the third column into integer, If I understand correctly, we should add second expression:

sed -e 's/\.[0-9]*"$/"/' -e 's/\://g' fb.csv

If the output looks adequately we can add the option -i.bak to replace the values in their places and create a backup file simultaneously:

sed -e 's/\.[0-9]*"$/"/' -e 's/\://g' fb.csv -i.bak

References:

Sed, a stream editor - gnu.org
FreeBSD Man Pages: Sed | Ubuntu Man Pages: Sed
GNU OS: Overview of Regular Expression Syntax
RexExr - an online tool to learn, build, & test Regular Expressions


How do I reconfigure locales properly on my desktop after installation?

You can manually edit the localisation settings. From your example I would suggest that you use some English version as the base language and add other bits according to your needs. Other bits you can get from other locale settings that must be also installed in your system. That is, if you want the system to be in Italian, dates in Russian style and numbers in Finnish the these packages to support those languages must be installed in your system.

You can see the full list of locales installed in your system by running this command in the terminal:

$ locale -a.

Or you can open System settings->Language support->Install/Remove languages. All the installed languages will be checked. To add or remove languages just check some more or uncheck unwanted ones. From your example I advise you use just English(includes many versions)+Spanish.
The specifics of your current localisation settings can be checked with this command:

$ locale

Here is what these settings refer to:

LANG - Provides default value for LC_* variables that have not been explicitly set.

LC_ALL - Overrides individual LC_* settings: if LC_ALL is set, none of the below have any effect.

LC_CTYPE - How characters are classified as letters, numbers etc. This determines things like how characters are converted between upper and lower case.

LC_NUMERIC - How you format your numbers. For example, in many countries a period (.) is used as a decimal separator, while others use a comma (,).

LC_TIME - How your time and date are formatted. Use for example "en_DK.UTF-8" to get a 24-hour-clock in some programs.

LC_COLLATE - How strings (file names...) are alphabetically sorted. Using the "C" or "POSIX" locale here results in a strcmp()-like sort order, which may be preferable to language-specific locales.

LC_MONETARY - What currency you use, its name, and its symbol.

LC_MESSAGES - What language should be used for system messages.

LC_PAPER - Paper sizes: 11 x 17 inches, A4, etc.

LC_NAME - How names are represented (surname first or last, etc.).

LC_ADDRESS - How addresses are formatted (country first or last, where zip code goes etc.).

LC_TELEPHONE - What your telephone numbers look like.

LC_MEASUREMENT - What units of measurement are used (feet, meters, pounds, kilos etc.).

LC_IDENTIFICATION - Metadata about the locale information.

Here is your fix (hopefully):

For folders and the system use chosen English language as the main
language and that's it.
For numeric values (with dots to separate decimals and commas to separate thousands) you could either just use the British English as the base for your system. But if you chose to use US English instead modify the “.profile” file in your home directory by adding this line to it:

export LC_NUMERIC=”en_GB.utf8”
For the dates and calendar you just need to change the time format localisation to Spanish (as far as I know then also the weeks will start with Mondays).
So add also this line to the same .profile file in your home directory:

export LC_TIME="es_ES.utf8"

Localisation will be applied on the next time you login to Ubuntu. You can check then the results by running “locale” command once more or just see if everything functions as you would like to.

Keyboard settings are separate from localisation settings and for your specific problem with the Apple keyboard use “console-data” package.
For this run:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-data

But as probably the package is not yet installed in your system run this:

sudo apt-get install console-data

The install includes configuring your keyboard settings, so probably that is all you need.
The mac Spanish keyboard was listed there – hopefully that is what you need.

Hopefully these tips will solve your problems.


It's possible to make Calc save formulas instead of values. You need to make sure that:

on the Sheet, Formulas instead of the resulting values are displayed, and
the CSV Export filter is set to save cell content "as shown".

With these settings, Calc will not only show the formula, but it will put the formula as plain text in the CSV export. The next time you open the sheet, Calc will recognize the formula and calculate its result.

1. Show Formulas instead of Values

To display the formulas instead of their result values on the sheet, you need to check the display settings in Calc'c "View" options:

2. CSV Export Filter Settings

By default, the CSV export filter settings are set to export cell content as shown on the sheet. So, if displaying formulas is activated (as explained above), it will export the formula by default. But it will not work if exporting content as shown is deactivated. You can check / modify this setting when saving a CSV.

To do so, select Menu File -> Save as..., and mark the checkbox Edit filter settings:

After clicking Save, the dialogue to edit the filter settings will appear:


You make it too complicated thinking these applications you install will be massive. That is not how a Linux system is, the libraries for the applications are most likely installed in the base system. This is where most all of your applications will come from, the system installation methods. Not some random huge files you will download from a web site. A 120GB SSD should be more than enough for this, if wanting to do it one of your hard disk drives can be your /home/user_name directory this makes sense. As large media files and those types of things can be stored on it. The SSD reserved for the system files that need that fast access for loading programs. Then in the future when needing more space you can add another drive to be mounted under your /home/user_name directory for easy access to the file you put on it.
The install method taking this into consideration. Is to do the install using the SSD for the / partitiion. With one of the HDD as the location of the /home partition. By using the second drive as the /home partition this is where the user_name account will be placed. This will give you large space for your media and the best option for the system files. Make certain to select the formatting of each partition to ensure nothing is left on the drives when you install to them.


Downloading files available on a website

Most times it's quite more handy to stick to the browser (assuming firefox):
Therefore you need a kind of download manager:

FoxySpider (https://addons.mozilla.org/de/firefox/addon/foxyspider/) does recursive fetching of files for specified types of files (file extensions) ("Well, actually get any file type you want from an entire website").

Also DownThemAll (http://www.downthemall.net/) does it ("DownThemAll lets you download all the links or images contained in a webpage and much more: you can refine your downloads by fully customizable criteria to get only what you really want.").


These .Trash-0 directories appear when root deletes non-root user files from a file manager. The 0 is the system $UID, which is zero for root. The directories are created any time a user deletes files belonging to another user account.

So I think you use your root account to delete some stuffs in your home using File manager not terminal.

And yes you can change ownership if you want or just delete it.

read this and this for more info


See IP addresses that access my computer

This is probably not what you're looking for, but it might help though.

iftop -i <interface> shows all the network traffic on the corresponding interface in real time.


What's the equivalent of rpm -qc PACKAGE_NAME in Ubuntu?

Edit:

You can use the following command:

dpkg-query --show -f '${Conffile}\n' package.rpm

Alternatively you can convert the .rpm to a .deb file. You will need to run this command to install alien and other necessary packages:

sudo apt-get install alien dpkg-dev debhelper build-essential

To convert a package from rpm to debian format, use:

sudo alien packagename.rpm

Once in .deb format you should be able to open/extract with archive utility. If you want to install the newly converted .deb to your system run:

sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb


Issues implementing EFI Grub in USB install of Lubuntu to allow usage with both Legacy and UEFI boot configurations

After much fretting, I got a working solution. The solution would be to simple type in sudo mount /dev/sdx2 /boot/efi before attempting to install grub.
A more detailed guide including Daniel's guide and some additions by me for adding drivers for Macs and Nvidia GPUs as well as useful generalisation to apply to any distribution of Linux :
https://docs.google.com/document/d/14PWThtbylgmqsnQbR8hUbgU6hfh55GJ9N1EOEEbrnzg/edit?usp=sharing
The document mentioned above is written with 3 purposes:

Allow you to make your portable, full-fledged Linux install that will, ideally, work on any x86 PC that you wish to boot from.
Achieve the 1st objective , ideally, on any distro.
Allow a complete noob to follow instructions and links to achieve the 1st and 2nd objective.


Suitable color space preset for reducing eye strain in Ubuntu 16.04

You may use an application named Redshift for this purpose. You can install it by running the following command in Terminal

sudo apt-get install redshift redshift-gtk


Installing Ubuntu on a separate hard drive from Windows

Independent drive with Ubuntu

It seems you want a 'complete' drive, that can you can boot into Ubuntu. Such a drive is independent of the drive with Windows, and you can make it according to the instructions at this link (it works for external and internal drives)

Boot Ubuntu from external drive

If you don't modify the ESP (EFI system partition) on the first internal drive /dev/sda , you can press a hotkey to get a temporary boot menu. And you can select to boot Ubuntu or Windows from this temporary menu.

Standard installation

Otherwise let Ubuntu's installer automatically modify the ESP on the first internal drive /dev/sda and give you a grub menu.

This is what the Ubuntu's installer will do, when you install Ubuntu into a computer with another operating system. You can install Ubuntu into a partition or partitions in the same drive or in another drive.

It is possible to let the installer modify the partitions and create new partitions. It is also possible, and maybe easier, to use gparted to create the partitions you want before starting Ubuntu's installer.

So decide what you want, and if necessary ask about some details, and then go ahead.

Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI

http://askubuntu.com/questions/743095/how-to-prepare-a-disk-on-an-efi-based-pc-for-ubuntu

How to use manual partitioning during installation?


xbindkeys doesn't work with XF86audio*, how to configure key mapping correctly?

I had the exactly same problem
Finally i've solved it, so it works now, but not very well.
I wrote

# my Shift Home
"xte 'usleep 200000' 'keydown Shift_L' 'key Home' 'keyup Shift_L'"
Control+Shift + Left | m:0x5 + c:113

# my Home
"xte 'usleep 200000' 'key Home'"
Control + Left | m:0x4 + c:113

# my Shift End
"xte 'usleep 200000' 'keydown Shift_L' 'key End' 'keyup Shift_L'"
Control+Shift + Right | m:0x5 + c:114

# my End
"xte 'usleep 200000' 'key End'"
Control + Right | m:0x4 + c:114

But it this way it works only with pretty fast presses, so it might be not very comfortable - try to play with sleep-time. It seems like keyboard is busy some time after Left/Right was pressed, so it can't read keys and ignore Home/Right from xte if sleep time is too short.
P.S. sorry for my english, i'm not native speaker.


How to enable Grilo UPnP plugin in rhythmbox?

Check out this howto from here:

http://www.bernaerts-nicolas.fr/linux/74-ubuntu/240-ubuntu-precise-upnp-dlna-client

I got it working myself quite well after that...


Connect laptop using Ubuntu 11.04 to TV?

In opposition to fingering around with a system-created xorg.conf I'd suggest using the xrandr tool to adapt inferior-working LCD TVs. The following alternatives were tested with a Panasonic Viera Full-HD screen which nevertheless accepts only XGA (1024x768) and thereby a 4:3 aspect ratio as highest resolution on its VGA connector. Attached was a Lenovo IdeaPad S12 with a native resolution of 1280x800.

For the sharpest possible TV rendering: set aspect ratio on TV to 4:3. This will create black vertical left and right bars on the TV. Depending on the desired configuration, either choose dual screen operation and set auxiliary device (TV) to 1024*768, or use the "same image on both screens" feature of the respective settings tool and adapt overall resolution to 1024*768. For me, this is necessary if I want to play videos via Totem or VLC. In dual screen operation the video output window remains black, even though the sound is being played.

For the largest possible display on the TV: Set TV resolution to 16:9 (or automatic) but change pixel aspect ratio on the notebook for the secondary screen (in dual screen mode) to something around 1.4x1 by the appropriate xrandr command:

sudo xrandr --output VGA1 --scale 1.4x1

After that the simple and old Xwindows programs (like xterm) will look awkward since the typically used pixelized font structure is interpolated, but modern programs that utilize good scalable fonts will render quite a nice screen display.


How to run ubuntu/xubuntu in a complete non-gui mode

What you want is can be achieved by installing Ubuntu Server Edition which does not has a display manager, X server etc. But if you do have an Ubuntu or a Xubuntu installation in your computer and want to work in a non-GUI environment, you can use virtual consoles which are called tty.

Close all opened applications.
press ctrl+alt+F2
Log in with you user name and password.
Stop display server and Xserver by giving sudo service lightdm stop command.

To restart GUI, sudo service lightdm start command is enough.

And you are ready to work in an environment as you described in your post.

Another workaround you can use to remove a lot of packages to obtain "pure Ubuntu" as described in this blog post. For Xubuntu, the command that will leave you with "pure Ubuntu" is

sudo apt-get remove abiword abiword-common abiword-plugin-grammar abiword-plugin-mathview alacarte bison blueman brltty-x11 catfish espeak exo-utils flex fonts-droid fonts-lyx gcalctool gigolo gimp gimp-data gksu gmusicbrowser gnome-desktop-data gnome-system-tools gnome-time-admin gnumeric gnumeric-common gnumeric-doc gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs gthumb gthumb-data gtk2-engines-pixbuf indicator-application-gtk2 indicator-sound-gtk2 libabiword-2.9 libamd2.2.0 libbabl-0.1-0 libbison-dev libblas3 libcolamd2.7.1 libdigest-crc-perl libexo-1-0 libexo-common libexo-helpers libfl-dev libgarcon-1-0 libgarcon-common libgdome2-0 libgdome2-cpp-smart0c2a libgegl-0.2-0 libgimp2.0 libgksu2-0 libglade2-0 libgnomevfs2-0 libgnomevfs2-common libgnomevfs2-extra libgoffice-0.10-10 libgoffice-0.10-10-common libgsf-1-114 libgsf-1-common libgstreamer-perl libgtk2-notify-perl libgtk2-trayicon-perl libgtkmathview0c2a libgtksourceview2.0-0 libgtksourceview2.0-common libgtkspell0 libido-0.1-0 libintl-perl libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0 libjpeg-progs libjpeg-turbo-progs libkeybinder0 liblink-grammar4 libloudmouth1-0 libnet-dbus-perl liboobs-1-5 libotr5 libots0 librarian0 libsdl1.2debian libsexy2 libsigsegv2 libtagc0 libthunarx-2-0 libtidy-0.99-0 libtie-ixhash-perl libtumbler-1-0 libumfpack5.4.0 libunique-1.0-0 libvte-common libvte9 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-common libwv-1.2-4 libxfce4ui-1-0 libxfce4ui-utils libxfce4util-bin libxfce4util-common libxfce4util6 libxfcegui4-4 libxfconf-0-2 libxml-parser-perl libxml-twig-perl libxml-xpath-perl lightdm-gtk-greeter link-grammar-dictionaries-en locate lp-solve m4 mousepad orage parole pastebinit pavucontrol pidgin pidgin-data pidgin-libnotify pidgin-microblog pidgin-otr plymouth-theme-xubuntu-logo plymouth-theme-xubuntu-text python-configobj rarian-compat ristretto screensaver-default-images scrollkeeper shimmer-themes system-tools-backends tcl8.5 tcl8.5-lib thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-data thunar-media-tags-plugin thunar-volman ttf-droid tumbler tumbler-common xbrlapi xchat xchat-common xchat-indicator xfburn xfce-keyboard-shortcuts xfce4-appfinder xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-dict xfce4-indicator-plugin xfce4-mailwatch-plugin xfce4-netload-plugin xfce4-notes xfce4-notes-plugin xfce4-notifyd xfce4-panel xfce4-places-plugin xfce4-power-manager xfce4-power-manager-data xfce4-quicklauncher-plugin xfce4-screenshooter xfce4-session xfce4-settings xfce4-systemload-plugin xfce4-taskmanager xfce4-terminal xfce4-verve-plugin xfce4-volumed xfce4-weather-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xfconf xfdesktop4 xfdesktop4-data xfwm4 xscreensaver xscreensaver-data xscreensaver-gl xubuntu-artwork xubuntu-default-settings xubuntu-desktop xubuntu-docs xubuntu-icon-theme xubuntu-wallpapers

I removed the last command, which is apt-get install ubuntu-desktop, that installs packages like Unity and turn your Xubuntu to Ubuntu. As you can see, there are a lot of packages that is very hard to track and you may need some packages. Since I do not use Xubuntu, I can not say which packages must be kept.


How to associate calendar with mouse click on clock in Budgie top panel?

There is an applet for that.  Called "Calendar" you can replace the existing Clock applet.  When you click the clock a calendar appears

To install, just run Budgie Welcome - Install Software - Budgie Applets and install the Calendar applet.

Logout and login and use Budgie Settings to add the applet to your panel.


You have a read-only file system, probably due to disk problems. You have a lot of CRC errors, as shown in the SMART Data for the drive.

Lets first try and fsck the SSD and verify the file system...

At the (initramfs) try:

exit

note which disk partition it calls out.

fsck -f /dev/sda1

reboot

If you can't fsck it that way, then here's the sure-fire way to do it...

For 18.04 or newer... (or if the above steps don't work for you)...

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot

We verified that your Samsung SSD is at the correct firmware version of EMT02B6Q.

Since this is not the first time this has occurred, we should check a few other things...

Check the SATA data and power cables to the Samsung SSD. Disconnect and reconnect the cables at both the SSD end, and at the motherboard. Keep these cables away from power supply wires. We're looking to solve an intermittent connection problem.
We need to check your memory, as memory is used for disk and file buffers, and can cause disk corruption. Go to https://www.memtest86.com/ and download/run their free memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass of all the 4/4 tests to confirm good memory. This may take many hours to complete.
Keep monitoring the SMART Data, and particularly the CRC error count. Assure that this count does not continue to increase. If it does, and you've done the prior two items, then your SSD may be failing.
Since this problem may have started after manually updating your kernel to 5.0, you may have to try reverting to an earlier kernel.


Commands not executing in shell script run by udev

Remove the line sudo su. It starts a new root shell that never returns and that is why any command after that is not being executed.

On top of that granting yourself a permission to do sudo su without password is a serious security risk and should not be done in a real world environment.


Does this post help: Verilog and VHDL on Linux (Ubuntu)?

It recommends a combined use of Icarus Verilog (iverilog in repositories) for Verilog simulation, GHDL for VHDL simulation, and GTKWave (gtkwave in repositories) for waveform viewing.

If you want an Eclipse-based Verilog editor, try veditor.


How to loop with case esac in shell scripting?

You should really check your indentation. The final done and fi statements are in the wrong order although your indentation suggests otherwise. Another issue is the case statement. The basic syntax is

case $SOMETHING in
    value1)
        statement1;
        statement2;
        ;;
    value2)
        statement3;
        statement4;
        ;;
esac

That is: the final ;; must actually be the last statement for each case and indicates its end. If you want to continue in some case, then you need to put that continue statement before any ;;, like so:

#!/bin/bash

function project1_install_dir_path() {

    boolian_2=true;
    while true; do
        if [ "$boolian_2" = true ] ; then
            read -p "Enter FULL folder path where you want to install colsim1:" fullpath
            echo "you have enterd '$fullpath'. Please press 'y' to confirm and 'n' to enter again"
            case "$fullpath" in
                "$HOME"*)
                    echo "Error: The path cannot be in your HOME";
                    continue;
                    ;;
                */home*)
                    echo "Error: The path cannot contain 'home' in the path";
                    continue;
                    ;;
                *)
                    echo "you have entered a valid path";
                    break;
                    ;;
            esac
        fi
    done
}

function main() {
    project1_install_dir_path
}

main;


Search folder, find and copy files to new folder corresponding file ending

First, create some test files:
mkdir -p 80gb/recup_dir.{1,10,11,12,9}
touch 80gb/recup_dir.9/f00{1..3}.{jpg,png,gif}

This gives:
.
└── 80gb
    ├── recup_dir.1
    ├── recup_dir.10
    ├── recup_dir.11
    ├── recup_dir.12
    └── recup_dir.9
        ├── f001.gif
        ├── f001.jpg
        ├── f001.png
        ├── f002.gif
        ├── f002.jpg
        ├── f002.png
        ├── f003.gif
        ├── f003.jpg
        └── f003.png

Now:
find 80gb -type f -exec bash -c 'mkdir -p sorted/"${0##*.}"; mv "$0" sorted/"${0##*.}"' {} \;

$0 holds the current filename (the {} parameter to the scriptlet) and
"${0##*.}" is the file's extension.
Result:
.
├── 80gb
│   ├── recup_dir.1
│   ├── recup_dir.10
│   ├── recup_dir.11
│   ├── recup_dir.12
│   └── recup_dir.9
└── sorted
    ├── gif
    │   ├── f001.gif
    │   ├── f002.gif
    │   └── f003.gif
    ├── jpg
    │   ├── f001.jpg
    │   ├── f002.jpg
    │   └── f003.jpg
    └── png
        ├── f001.png
        ├── f002.png
        └── f003.png

If you want the sorted directory below 80gb it might
be easiest to do a cd 80gb first and then do find . …
instead of find 80gb ….
Instead of mv you may first want to do cp instead
in case anything goes wrong.
Caveat
The expression "${0##*.}" only works for files with an extension.
For files without an extension it returns the complete filename (including the path)
and the command will fail. If you expect files without extensions modify the command
to:
find 80gb -type f -name "*.*" -exec … \;

so it catches only files with a dot in them.


chown root:XYZ /mnt/mydrive

chmod 1660 /mnt/mydrive


How to get BCM4312 driver to work properly?

Please remove any installed drivers in "Additional drivers". Then reboot your computer and reinstall the driver. Reboot once again and hopefully, your wireless driver will work properly.


Leafpad not available for newer releases of Ubuntu?

The good news is that it is relatively easy to compile and install Leafpad on a modern Ubuntu system. I demonstrate the 2 step technique on that has worked well most recently on Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa:
Step 1: Dependencies...
A small number of build tools and dependencies are required, simply copy and paste the following single command into a Terminal window:
sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall intltool libgtk2.0-dev

The package manager will tend to drag in a few more interrelated dependencies along with this list...
Step 2: Download, compile and build...
The following single command will download the source, compile and install it. Simply copy the whole code block and paste it into a Terminal window:
mkdir -v $HOME/leafpad_build && cd $HOME/leafpad_build && \
wget http://savannah.nongnu.org/download/leafpad/leafpad-0.8.18.1.tar.gz && \
tar xvf leafpad-0.8.18.1.tar.gz && cd leafpad-0.8.18.1 && \
./configure && make && \
sudo checkinstall -D --install=yes --fstrans=no --pakdir "$HOME/leafpad_build" \
     --pkgname leafpad --backup=no --deldoc=yes --deldesc=yes --delspec=yes \
     --default --pkgversion "0.8.18.1" && \
make distclean && sudo ldconfig

If you like afterwards you can delete the build directory $HOME/leafpad_build or you can keep it as is to recompile at a later stage.
Obligatory screenshot...
Below is a screenshot demonstrating a successful build of Leafpad on Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa:

And I hope this has made at least a few Leafpad users a little happier :)
References:

RM: leafpad -- RoQA; abandoned upstream, rc-buggy The Debian bug report that lead to Leafpad being removed...


It's likely that your network isn't up yet when your system tries to automount the share. Try adding: x-systemd.automount,x-systemd.requires=network-online.target to the fstab entry.
If that doesn't work you could try adding mount -a to your /etc/rc.local file as that gets executed rather late during bootup.


Custom install - ""No installable kernel was found in the defined APT sources"

After some tweaking, I found the problem was that the apt-ftparchive-deb.conf, apt-ftparchive-udeb.conf, and /opt/indices/override.* files were not getting copied into my build container.


Is it possible to install Truecrypt on 18.04?

To fix your TrueCrypt installation, close all of TC running instances and  install the following packages:

sudo apt install bzr libncurses5-dev gcc debhelper devscripts dpatch

Run TC again and you'll see everything works.

TrueCrypt works perfectly in my Ubuntu 18.04 on AMD CPU.


Transparent menus(for applications) in gnome shell

transparency of the menus and panel is controlled by the shell theme you are using.

you can modify it by:

selecting another theme that has transparency.
modifying the current theme to have transparency. you can modify the
theme (not recommended if you don't know what you are doing) by going to to the theme .css file.( you can find the .css file in the /home/username/.themes/theme you downloaded.  or in the /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme
if you modify any file, please be carefull and make sure to back up
the original.

my suggestion is to use another theme to your liking. such as elementaryviper luna. which is semi transparent.or the elegance theme.

for other themes available for gnome shell, you can go to devianart or to gnome-look.org


HDD Transfer Speed Reduced when transfering Lots and Lots of Files

Do you mean that you somehow start multiple simultaneous copies? If so, there is every reason to expect that it should be less efficient than serial copying.

First, if you assume that the disk is infinitely fast, then there will be the system overhead of context switches between multiple copying processes. In extreme cases you could start enough copying processes that they could not all fit in core at once and then you'd have to add virtual memory swapping to the system's overhead.

But disks are not infinitely fast, and gathering multiple files as requested by multiple processes will likely require drive seeks which are the slowest operation on a mechanical drive. The kernel does try to re-order drive accesses to minimize the head seeks required, but this is difficult to make optimal as the system can't predict what will be requested in the future.

Finally, the system has to protect certain data structures (e.g. the free block list) from being manipulated by multiple processes concurrently which it does by blocking processes P2, P3, P4... Pn while P1 is allocating space.

Because your question is ambiguous, another answer is that if you select a bunch of files in nautilus and copy them elsewhere with a single drag-drop, nautilus only creates a single process to produce the copies sequentially. In this case a faster drive would indeed be faster; the question then becomes how much fast can you afford?


"Ownerless" (no permission) SSD-friendly filesystem

I don't know if it offers anything over FAT32 except file sizes but I use NTFS when I need to meet all those conditions.

I just created one in GParted and tested all the scenarios you mention and it seemed to work fine.  The recommendation is that once you do this you need to make sure you "Safely eject" on Windows machines, which I think may be more forgiving on FAT32.


Xmodmap - how do I use ctrl as a modifier?

This seems to me very related to:

How do I assign a keyboard shortcut that uses AltGr as a modifier key?

Keep Right Alt or AltGr as ISO_Level3_Shift and try to use it as Alt Modifier too.

Where in your case is reverse: Keep Right Ctrl or Left Ctrl as Control Modifier and an extend it to be used a Level Shift.
I couldn't get it to work in both functions, one trial was by adding actions: (Doesn't work)

key <RCTL> {
         type= "ONE_LEVEL",
         symbols[Group1]= [ ISO_Level5_Shift ],
         actions[Group1]= [ SetMods(modifiers=Control) ]
};

from xkb - problems using virtual keys and ISO_Level3_Shift key but it just works one way only.

Possibly, someone knowing XKB very well can make such setup.
One setup that works for me: (no key repeat)

Install and setup xbindkeys & xautomation as in How can I change what keys on my keyboard do? (How can I create custom keyboard commands/shortcuts?)
Add this lines to ~/.xbindkeysrc

"usleep 150000; xte 'keyup Control_L' 'str ¹' 'keydown Control_L'"
  m:0x4 + c:10
  control + 1

For me, I have ¹ with AlgGr. So I could use this too:

"usleep 150000; xte 'keyup Control_L' 'keydown ISO_Level3_Shift' 'key 1' 'keyup ISO_Level3_Shift' 'keydown Control_L'"

Restart xbindkeys daemon

pkill xbindkeys;xbindkeys


I was having the same issue on Ubuntu 18.04.3 and I found this:

After a couple hours looking for some config file or something, I looked on this thread. Edit: So indicator-keylock config files could be somewhere there, but you can't go and open them. To do this easily, you want to install dconf-editor

Open the terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and type sudo apt install dconf-editor Then open it (you can do this from the installed apps menu) and go to /apps/indicators/keylock and select every option (at least this is what I did)

Reboot your system and the icon will be again in the top menu.

English is not my mother tongue so I hope you can understand it!


Problem associating file type to application

Option 1 (Create new Mimetype)
You can try to create a new MimeType (application/gpx) for the gpx files. Then you can set the  gpxviewer as default application to open them.
For system wide
1) Add the new MimeType to the gpxviewer.desktop.

sudo nano /usr/share/applications/gpxviewer.desktop

Add the following line:

MimeType=application/gpx;

Save the changes in nano with Ctrl+O, Enter then Ctrl+X.
2) Create the new MimeType.

sudo nano /usr/share/mime/application/gpx.xml

Add the following to the gpx.xml file:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<mime-info xmlns='http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info'>
  <mime-type type="application/gpx">
    <comment>GPX Files</comment>
    <generic-icon name="text-html"/>
    <glob pattern="*.gpx"/>
  </mime-type>
</mime-info>

Save the changes in nano with Ctrl+O, Enter then Ctrl+X.
NOTE: Please change the content of the file according to your needs.
3) Register the Mimetype.

sudo xdg-mime install --novendor --mode system /usr/share/mime/application/gpx.xml

4) Make the gpxviewer application as default to open gpx files.

sudo xdg-mime default gpxviewer.desktop application/gpx

5) To see the changes you can Logout & Login or run the following:

sudo -i

update-mime-database /usr/share/mime

Result:

Option 2 (Add gpxviewer to the list in application/xml)
For system wide
1) Add the "application/xml" MimeType to the gpxviewer.desktop.

sudo nano /usr/share/applications/gpxviewer.desktop

Add the following line:

MimeType=application/xml;

Save the changes in nano with Ctrl+O, Enter then Ctrl+X.
2) Update the database.

sudo -i
update-desktop-database

NOTE: To make gpxviewer default application to ope the MimeType application/xml ... just run: xdg-mime default gpxviewer.desktop application/xml

Edit as per comment
AS Glutanimate says.. you can do this not for system wide, you can create the mimetype and add the default application for users like this Answer.
In the ~/.local/share/mime/packages directory, update with update-mime-database ~/.local/share/mime.
Add an association in the ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list file,also you can copy/create a .desktop file into the ~/.local/share/applications/ directory.

Hope this helps.


Unable to run sudo dpkg --configure -a on fresh 16.04 install

there was an issue with 30_os-prober hanging during grub update. I forget exactly what the issue is.

30_uefi-firmware also has an issue that can be fixed here - https://askubuntu.com/a/938472/694267.

Temporarily remove the execute flag on both can get your config completed.
sudo chmod -x /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober
sudo chmod -x /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware

then run sudo dpkg --configure -a

If you want the system setting entry in grub, repair 30_uefi-firmware then re-enable execute with
sudo chmod +x /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware

then run sudo update-grub


20.10: Unable to setup either EFI or legacy boot

I eventually managed to get legacy boot to work as follows. I'd read in multiple places that as long as the LiveUSB itself was booted in legacy mode, it would also install Linux with legacy boot. Using Rufus (https://rufus.ie/) I was able to create a LiveUSB that successfully boots in legacy mode on my machine. I verified the boot mode with inxi, which now said BIOS instead of UEFI, and with efibootmngr, which said EFI variables are not supported on this system.
The installer itself also seemed to acknowledge the legacy mode at first. However, after I'd erased the now needless ESP and confirmed my new partition table, the installer said: No EFI System Partition was found. This system will likely not be able to boot successfully, and the installation process may fail. Please go back and add an EFI System Partition, or continue at your own risk.
This seemed strange since if I'm installing with legacy boot, I shouldn't need an ESP anymore? Moreover, I did not get this warning during my very first attempt despite the fact that back then I also had no ESP and the LiveUSB was booted in EFI mode. I decided to continue anyway, and the installer again failed to install grub, same as the first time.
This time, however, the boot-repair tool correctly recognized the legacy mode. Following the instructions (pasting a bunch of lines in a shell), the tool successfully installed grub and my machine now boots into Kubuntu just fine.
My only concern is that the installer terminated when it failed to install grub. Was installing grub the final step, or was there perhaps something more to be done afterwards? Everything seems to work fine so far, at least.


How do I upgrade Gnome Files (nautilus) in Ubuntu Gnome 16.04

You can add the gnome3 repository to your system and upgrade.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Worked for me.


Server is swapping regardless of available memory

In order to determine which process is using  the swap memory use this below command and check. If you don't wanted that process kill it and proceed

  for file in /proc/*/status ; do awk '/VmSwap|Name/{printf $2 " "
  $3}END{ print ""}' $file; done | sort -k 2 -n -r | less


AWS Elastic Beanstalk Command Line Tool setup

You have to go to the directory that you want the eb command to be available in and then export the path. Every subdirectory will then have access to eb. In your case I think you should go to your home directory (cd ~/) and then run the same command. It should then be available to all of your website specific directories.


Run a program with GNU screen and immediately detach after

Did you really mean to put the \ at the end of the line? If not then try removing those - they escape the following character.

also, dropping the -X helps the setup work for me, for instance:

screen -S test -d -m -X touch /tmp/test

fails with No screen session found, however:

screen -S test -d -m touch /tmp/test

works fine. As such I suspect the following will work for you:

#!/bin/bash
screen -S test -d -m $HOME/folder/folder/.program
screen -S test2 -d -m $HOME/folder/folder/.program2

Remember, that if you run this at boot time, $HOME is not the same as after you log in as a specific user. If you need to run it as a certain user you'll need to use the likes of su to run it as that user, and specifying the full path will remove any ambiguity:

#!/bin/bash
screen -S test -d -m su - username /home/username/folder/folder/.program
screen -S test2 -d -m su - username /home/username/folder/folder/.program2

Or, you would call the entire script above as su - username /path/to/your/script.


Brightness resets to zero on an HP dm4 Pavilion

You can try this:-

edit the file /etc/rc.local

before the last line 'exit 0'  add the following line:

echo 4 > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness

save and reboot.

This should then set your brightness.  I will add the caveat that this doesn't always work with HP machines but hopefully you'll be OK.


during instalation reduce resolution mode to something like 800*600 and stick with it until you activate the graphics drivers

edit: this will require for you to start all over


Lost audio after upgrading from 13.10 to 14.04

You have 2 sound devices on your pc:
First one is HDMI output,
second one is  the main device which has several faders muted,( Note at the end ).

Two ways to unmute the second device:

1. Unmute with Pulseaudio volume control:

Open Pulseaudio volume control from Applications/sound menu, (if not present, sudo apt-get install  pavucontrol )
Select output device tab
Scroll down to display the second device.
Click "set as fallback" button to set it as default device, check "mute" button state, increase volume using the  fader,
hopefully you will hear sound.

2. Unmute using Alsamixer:

In a terminal, launch alsamixer.You will see something like    this:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Alsamixer.png
Press F6 , select the second device (Just in case  you are unfamiliar    with console applications, use arrow keys to highlight
the 2nd device    then press enter key) .
Use left/right arrows key  to move around    faders, up/down arrows to increase volume and "m" key to unmute.

Note:
Extract from your alsa-info showing  2 devices and muted Master fader:
search in the Amixer output section:

!!Amixer output
!!-------------

!!-------Mixer controls for card 0 [Generic]          <=== first device
....some lines....
!!-------Mixer controls for card 1 [Generic_1]        <=== second device
....some lines....
Simple mixer control 'Master',0
....some lines....
Mono: Playback 28 [67%] [-21.00dB] [off]              <==== Master is off


Shortcut for Render LaTeX Equation in Inkscape?

You should find or create file "default.xml" in your <Inkscape-installation> path or in user directory (for Ubuntu it's ~/.config/inkscape/keys since v0.48) and add this:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<keys name="My Customization">
    <bind key="k" modifiers="Ctrl,Alt"
          action="org.inkscape.effect.eqtexsvg" display="true"/>
</keys>

I've written about it there.


How to uninstall a theme without knowing its name?

you can install Unity Tweak Tools and then change the theme from there.


System namespaces missing MonoDevelop on fresh install

I had the same problem with Monodevelop under Raspian (Rasberry3)
I believe I can now offer a viable solution:
(for Monodevelop, Raspian, Raspberry 3)

It's just a setting that has to be done in Monodevelop before you start a new project:

Search under the settings, create and disable the line "create with MSBuild instead of xbuild".

After that all new projects will be recognized without errors.

For old projects the procedure is similar:
but there you should delete the folder ".vs" in the project folder first (better make a backup copy first! ;) )
Start Monodevelop. Check that the settings are as described above.
Then open the project in Monodelop.
When you open the project, it will be reinitialized and can then be edited and compiled without any problems.


press s for skip mounting and m for manual

Remove nobootwait from the following line

UUID=2f00440c-d28c-41ba-8b8a-75e816dea4a6,nobootwait none            swap    sw              0       0

also remove the line

g2   /mnt    9p  trans=virtio,version=9p2000.u,rw    0   0

add the following line to the file /etc/rc.local

mount -t 9p -o trans=virtio,version=9p2000.L,rw g2 /mnt

This will execute this command when you start the ubuntu vm and mount the filesystem.


SSH connection timed out externally, but works internally

The problem with this was that the Internet Service provider wasn't allowing me to properly port forward.
I changed provider and problem solved.


I delete qgis librarys manually, How can I install it again? in order to install qgis

You have multiple problems.

1) You have held broken packages. This means that you have introduced one or more wrong-version packages into your system. Usually, such packages come from a non-Ubuntu repository or PPA.

You must uninstall ALL of the wrong-version packages.
Best practice is also to remove the source that provides the wrong-version packages, else they will simply return to your system at the next upgrade.

2) You have removed files that were placed by the package manager. NEVER do that. Always use the package manager to remove files that it placed.

Apt does NOT monitor your system for file changes. It has no idea that you removed files. But now the system's reality does not match apt's understanding -- and that will eventually break your systems.

You must tell apt to either remove or reinstall the package that provides the files you removed.

sudo apt install --reinstall <package_name>
// or //
sudo apt remove --force <package_name>

That's a lot of self-inflicted damage. If you're not comfortable fixing BOTH problems, then backup your data (a good idea anyway!) and reinstall Ubuntu.


Try running the program in question from the terminal. This often gives a better view of what might be going wrong when it is not starting. Especially if you installed a program via dpkg, which has no dependency tracking built in like apt, you can easily forget some package the application needs to work.

Watch out for missing library packages in particular.

In this case the package depends on the libgconf-2-4 package, which you can install using the following command:

sudo apt install libgconf-2-4


GRUB2 Installation failed Dual boot ubuntu with windows 8

When you have the product key, you could try a complete fresh installation of both, Windows and than Ubuntu.
Where do you install grub? /dev/sda or /dev/sdaX?
You can also try to install grub from a live disk. I don't know the exact command, but it should be something like grub-install /dev/sda. You need chroot before


How to find out why system keeps freezing?

I have also spent a lot of time trying to find the reason for random freezes on my Ryzen5 system. No guarantee that this works for you, since there can be a lot of different reasons, but what seemed to have fixed it for me (fingers crossed) was to disable "Automatic C-State Management" in the BIOS. You'd have to look for yourself where it is and how it is named exactly in your BIOS. It's worth a try.


In UEFI mode, the Ubuntu bootloader will always be installed into the first drive, which is usually an internal drive. If you want to get the [UEFI] bootloader (which is a partition) into a USB drive, you can unplug, disconnect or otherwise disable the internal drive.
In BIOS mode alias CSM alias legacy mode you can control where Ubuntu installs the bootloader. But it is always a good idea to unplug, disconnect or otherwise disable the internal drive in order to get the bootloader into the USB drive, when that is what you want.
See the following links,
Step-wise instructions for installed system in a USB drive
How to Create a Full Install of Ubuntu 20.04 to USB Device Step by Step
If you need not encrypt the drive, there is an easy alternative. You can use a compressed image


Installation candidate for AD join not found

The following worked for me:

Add the following the end of /etc/apt/sources.list

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install realmd


Hope I'm understanding your question correctly:

If you dual boot with Windows 7, installing Grub to the MBR is, in my opinion, the best option. Yes, your typical Windows loader is overwritten, but can easily be restored in case you want to get rid of the Ubuntu installation. As for assigning 60GB for your installation, the Ubuntu installation lets you do that easily.

If you ever want to restore the windows loader, just boot up with your Windows 7 recovery disc, assuming you have made one, and go through the typical steps to get to the command prompt. There, type in the following one at a time:

bootrec /fixmbr

bootrec /fixboot

....then reboot

Your Windows loader is now restored and you can now boot into Windows. From there, you can delete the partitions once used by Ubuntu, and use the emptied space for Windows.

Hope this helps.......


Looking at the official FAQ:

  Shotwell can export your RAW photos in JPEG, PNG, TIFF or BMP format, and, when publishing, will internally export a JPEG version for you and publish that.

I'd guess that you can't make it publish as RAW. I tested it out on normal pics from a mobile camera (not RAW), and it did let me choose the size for publishing. Does it not offer that option for RAW images?


How To Set Screen Resolution To 1280x960 In Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

I believe it is like so...

 xrandr --output VGA-1 --size 1280x960

Update
If that doesn't help here is a post that might.


How can I uninstall everything I've been installing for last two days?

To remove the package:

Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T).
Run the following command:

sudo apt-get purge my-weather-indicator

You'd need to enter your password.
If you installed it via a ppa and you want to remove the ppa too, then you can do it by:

sudo apt-add-repository --remove <ppa_name>

Done!


How to make a bootable CD using imgburn?

You don't need to do anything special to make ubuntu ISO as bootable. It is bootable. Just use any image burner program to burn it to ISO. Burn at low speed for better results.

Please make sure you are changing the boot order from BIOS. You will have to hold down the F2 or Delete key or whatever key to
enter your bios settings and make the cd drive as first bootable device, (carefully) save changes,
and exit.


Try to switch off in BIOS the option "Fast Start" or something like this from the Boot tab. Probably you problem has nothing with the graphics.


MaaS Enlistment through 12.04 installation CD fails

I have the same problem and found solution: you need to install maas-enlist & tftpd-hpa package.

sudo apt-get install maas-enlist tftpd-hpa

then re-run sudo maas-import-isos -u


How do I send keystrokes to a specific app?

You can use xdotool that provide a --windows parameter to select the destination window and a search command to look for a window by title, name or other.


Mmmm. When switching my computer on today, it worked. No more error. Maybe an out-of-date kernel that was swapped out when rebooting?


Installing a Chilli HotSpot with phpmyprepaid

You should extract it on /var/www/html/.


Try this : https://github.com/chozabu/LinNetLim, it's an alternative to netlimiter in windows os.


How to reallocate space from /home to /root with encrypted partitions?

My recommendation is do do this in three steps.

First, decrypt your home partition.
Second, resize per usual
Third, re-encrypt your home partition.

Technically speaking the box-unbox is not needed, but should something go wrong you have a better chance of recovery.

Here is the semi-offical documentation. Note that it does not state that you have to decrypt first. That is just a personal preference of mine.

So on a higher level. You want to resize home smaller and resize root larger. It's pretty straight forward. Again I prefer to decrypt - encrypt, but that basically just means copying files to a temp partition and then copying back to the new larger (or in this case smaller) partition. Again that's completely tase and if you follow the documents you should have probably be ok.

This is what I would do
 0. Make a full backup  (you already have this right)
 1. Create a large enough temp  ext3 partition somewhere like a USB hard drive, and copy over everything in home with sudo cp /home/ /tmp/partition/ -R
 2. Delete your home partition
 3. Resize your root partition
 4. Create a new home partition in the left over space
 5. Copy the files from /tmp/partition back to /home
 6. You may have to fix permissions, it depends.


Enter this command, it will give you access to change files on Nautilus

sudo nautilus

Enter Password → File System → USR → share → X11 → xorg.conf.d →
 50-synaptics.conf

Now you should see this text and find the part that looks like this

Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "touchpad catchall"
        Driver "synaptics"
        MatchIsTouchpad "on"

This option is recommend on all Linux systems using evdev, but you want to add *Option "SHMConfig" "on" under MathIsTouchpad "on" so it looks like this:

Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "touchpad catchall"
        Driver "synaptics"
        MatchIsTouchpad "on"
        Option "SHMConfig" "on"

Save and exit and reboot.

Hope that helps.


Double dock on Activities overview and dock shown when screen is locked

For someone still looking for a fix, in Ubuntu 18.04 I installed Dash to Dock and after some time it started showing two docks in the Applications menu. I went on the dash to dock settings and toggled on and off the "Show on all monitors" switch and the second dash was gone. I hope it doesn't return.


How do I run Windows 8 via virtualization?

Will work with Virtualbox. You have to enable hardware virtualization in the settings, VT-x and Nested Paging.


Grub Rescue with no bootable partitions found during Windows 10 feature update

Unfortunately you've been hit by the Windows "feature" updater bug... and it effectively wiped out your Ubuntu partition where GRUB resides. Microsoft has known about this bug for years, but has chosen not to fix it. Actually, it changes the partition type from ext4 to something unknown. You probably have a MBR formatted disk, yes?

You can try and use testdisk to recover.

boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB
start the terminal app
sudo apt-get update # update the software databases
sudo apt-get install testdisk # install testdisk
sudo testdisk # start testdisk

See http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Step_By_Step for help on using this tool.


No wifi with ubuntu/no ethernet with windows

I've found that since Linux (straight forms without 'non-free' code blobs) usually installs ok on Ethernet ports, as most of the firmware is available, but the wifi is usually missing.  Although I'm not nearly a Windows guru, I have found that it behaves eradicly when it's not a power on boot or a re-boot, as windows appears to assume things 'not in evidence'.  This seems especially true with Windows 10.

Search for threads for your wifi in the proper Linux group identifying you hardware chipset.  This should guide you through that part.  Maybe you need to do a power off reset for Windows to reset the Ethernet ports. Of course most of this is person assumptions.

You can find your device ID's and info with the lspci, as com ports are on a pci controller, use the v option initially and if you want more info, make if '-vv' as:

lspci -v[v]


I can't execute a binary file on ARM version of ubuntu!

Because you have an ARM architecture you can't run native a binary for x86. Without a recompilation, that's not possible.

On the download page are no binaries for ARM.

You could use QEMU, a hosted virtual machine monitor to start x86 applications.


Why are instances of gnome-settings-daemon always running?

They are likely not multiple separate processes exactly, but rather threads which are sharing memory.

However, gnome-settings-daemon is necessary as it is needed for ensuring theme, keybindings, font hinting, and various other settings are handled properly. This process is also used under Unity 7, but under Unity was forked as unity-settings-daemon due to some changes.


Rhythmbox won't play streaming flac files

I had this problem too (Ubuntu 12.10 though)

I solved it by making my network box a "proper" mount by editing /etc/fstab instead of a .gvfs mount.

Just create a mountpoint (sudo mkdir /media/share) and add a similar line (sudo nano /etc/fstab) to your /etc/fstab (assuming the use of smb with no auth):

//192.168.1.10/share /media/share cifs defaults 00

and then run sudo mount -a to mount it

(make sure you have sudo apt-get install cifs-utils installed if you're using smb/cifs)


Just installed 13.04, but I can't save anything - says disk is full!

It could be the case that you have many small files installed and not enough inodes on your filesystem.
You can check this with

df -i

If you have enough inodes left, you should check your free space with

df

Note: Both inside of your Ubuntu installation, run these from the console/shell prompt.


Sound card stopped getting detected after ran out of battery

I had a similar problem yesterday, I am running Pop OS on a Dell Inspiron and installed some system updates. Later on the day my battery ran out and after plugging in and rebooting my soundcard could not be detected.
I found that kernel 5.3.0-7642 somehow broke the detection of my soundcard so I booted into a older kernel and voila, sound working again.

You can change the kernel by holding ESC during the boot procedure and selecting an older kernel.

Hope this helps!


How to preview images in folder's icons?

Image previews are available in:

Dolphin (KDE DE), select View->View Mode->Icons;
Nautilus (GNOME DE), select the grid of dots in the upper right (View Items as Grid of Icons);
Caja (MATE DE), select Edit->Preferences->Preview, Other Previewable Files, Show thumbnails to Always (also you can set Only for files smaller than to size needed).
Thunar (Xfce DE), select View->View as Icons.


Why does Ubuntu 14.04 not detect my Wacom Bamboo Pad CTH-301K (USB)?

See answer

Also, that page is for a Wacom Bamboo with a reference number of 0319 showing up in lsusb. The output from lsusb for my Bamboo CTH 301K showed as 0318. This means I had to alter the Grub line accordingly (I used 0x318 instead of 0x319 next to the 0x56a bit...)


To resolve "I have msg: qmake: could not find a Qt installation of ''", run:

apt-get install qt5-default


Issues installing Ubuntu Server 16.04 onto Dell Optiplex 960

Change the RAID settings in the BIOS to Legacy and it should work.  I just installed 16.04.3 to an optiplex 960.


How do I switch back to python2 after Anaconda set python3 as the default?

I went through the installation in a VM, and the following happend.

The installer asks for an install location. Default is /home/myuser/anaconda3.
At the end you'll be asked

Python 3.5.1 :: Continuum Analytics, Inc.
creating default environment...
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to prepend the Anaconda3 install location
to PATH in your /home/myuser/.bashrc ? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes

Prepending PATH=/home/myuser/anaconda3/bin to PATH in /home/myuser/.bashrc
A backup will be made to: /home/myuser/.bashrc-anaconda3.bak

To restore the old behavior, go to your home directory and do

mv .bashrc-anaconda3.bak .bashrc

then start a new shell.

As you suggest, you could alias python=python2, but I find that a bit weird.
I would

Restore the original .bashrc
Create (if it does not exist) ~/bin
Link ln -s ~/anaconda3/bin/python3 ~/bin/python3
[Prepend $HOME/bin to $PATH](Should already be set by default by ~/.profile)
Relogin.

That way, calling python3 will start the one from Anaconda.

An important point is, that the original /usr/bin/python is still there, and still points to python2.7. The ramifications of having python->python3 in your path depend on how a specific script is called.

If the shebang #!/usr/bin/python is used, like it probably is in all executables that ship with Ubuntu, nothing will change.
On the other hand, for better portability #!/usr/bin/env python is sometimes used, which will now cause python3.5 to be called.


I built a library from source and the libs are in ~/Desktop/xerces -- how do I install these libs so the linker can find them?

I Will Bold the part relative to my comment.

Taken From: Xerces, Unix Installation

Binary distribution

Install the binary distribution xerces-c-3.1.1-{arch}-{os}-{compiler}.tar.gz by extracting the files from the compressed archive. Here {arch} denotes the CPU architecture, {os} denotes the operating system, and {compiler} denotes the C++ compiler of your choice. For example:

gzip -d xerces-c-3.1.1-x86-linux-gcc-3.4.tar.gz
tar -xf xerces-c-3.1.1-x86-linux-gcc-3.4.tar

This will create an 'xerces-c-3.1.1-x86-linux-gcc-3.4' sub-directory containing the Xerces-C++ binary distribution.

You will need to add the xerces-c-3.1.1-{arch}-{os}-{compiler}/bin directory to your PATH environment variable:

For Bourne Shell, K Shell or Bash, type:

export PATH="$PATH:<full-path-to-xerces-c-3.1.1-{arch}-{os}-{compiler}>/bin"

For C Shell, type:

setenv PATH "$PATH:<full-path-to-xerces-c-3.1.1-{arch}-{os}-{compiler}>/bin"

If you wish to make this setting permanent, you need to change your profile by changing your setup files which can be either .profile or .kshrc.

In addition, you will also need to set the library search path. (LIBPATH on AIX, LD_LIBRARY_PATH on Solaris and Linux, SHLIB_PATH on HP-UX, and DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH on Mac OS X).

In the following shell commands, the  denotes the full path to the xerces-c-3.1.1-{arch}-{os}-{compiler} directory. For Bourne Shell, K Shell or Bash, type:

export LIBPATH=<xerces-path>/lib:$LIBPATH (AIX)
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<xerces-path>/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH (Solaris, Linux)
export SHLIB_PATH=<xerces-path>/lib:$SHLIB_PATH (HP-UX)
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=<xerces-path>/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH (Mac OS X)

For C Shell, type:

setenv LIBPATH "<xerces-path>/lib:$LIBPATH" (AIX)
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH "<xerces-path>/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" (Solaris, Linux)
setenv SHLIB_PATH "<xerces-path>/lib:$SHLIB_PATH" (HP-UX)
setenv DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH "<xerces-path>/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH" (Mac OS X)

The binary distribution contains the pre-built parser libraries and sample executables. Please refer to the Samples for how to run the samples.

Update

Whether Source Or Binary, the library paths must be exported using one of the snippets above as the export statement tells the compiler and linker where to look for your libraries.

Update 2

In case this fails, you can install xerces-c from the repository using sudo apt-get install xerces-c


Can I safely remove all the files in /tmp?

In Unix, deleting a file removes a reference to it from its parent directory (this actually is called "unlinking").

The actual file data is only deleted when it's not referenced from any directory (a file can have multiple so-called hardlinks) and it's not open by any program.

So yes, deleting files from /tmp should not crash programs which potentially keep those files open. On the other hand, the actual disk space won't be freed until the program closes the already-deleted file.


The option for setting the jdkhome is not --jdkhome="". There should be a space rather than an equals sign between --jdkhome and the path.

eg.

netbeans  --jdkhome "/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/"

If you get it wrong, such as:

netbeans  --jdkhome "/wrong/"

the error message you can see when starting on the terminal should be:

Cannot find java. Please use the --jdkhome switch.

If you are getting no error message or a different error message, the problem may not be with setting the JDK directory.

I would recommend you not try to run the Netbeans version which is in the Ubuntu repositories (7.0.1 for Ubuntu 14.04)  and instead get 8.0.2 from netbeans.org or the version bundled with the JDK on Oracle's website.

When I run Netbeans 7.0.1 with JDK 1.8 it shows the splash and crashes.


How to remove comments from an XML file?

I would do it in this way:

cat myfile.xml | sed '/<!--.*-->/d' | sed '/<!--/,/-->/d' > cleaned.xml

Or:

awk 'in_comment&&/-->/{sub(/([^-]|-[^-])*--+>/,"");in_comment=0}
 in_comment{next}
 {gsub(/<!--+([^-]|-[^-])*--+>/,"");
  in_comment=sub(/<!--+.*/,"");
  print}'

Or:

xmlstarlet ed -d '//comment()' file.xml


Debian installer does not create desktop/launcher link

I noticed that all icons used for shortcuts are png files not ico...

I created a png for my icon and it magically worked.

This fixed both the association with the launcher and the fact that the launcher did not work


No sorry the quicklists are basic 1-dimensional  text lists.


who / w / logname broken in multiple terminals

The best answer I've found is here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/1629628/3196753

i.e.

echo ${SUDO_USER:-${USER}}

Or alternatively

logname 2>/dev/null || echo ${SUDO_USER:-${USER}}

FWIW, this works on MacOS 10.8, 10.11 and also confirmed as far back as Ubuntu 12.04.

The 2> is to suppress the logname: no login name error that will log to the console starting with Ubuntu 16.04 due to an upstream gnome-terminal bug.

:-${USER} means if $SUDO_USER is blank (for times when sudo is not actually being used), then substitute the value of $USER.


cant access nextcloud internally with domain

I have also struggled with this issue. This problem is likely due to your router not properly handling the traffic. Cloud.domain.tld resolves to your public IP address, so when you request that address from your local network, the router does not know how to respond. The best solution would be to enable Hairpin NAT in your router's configuration page.
If that is impossible, you might be able to set your search domain to the bare domain (domain.tld) and set the hostname on the nextcloud server to cloud so local devices automatically resolve the IP.
You could also proxy your traffic outside of your network with a free Cloudflare account.


Cisco VPN not working although it says connected

Try using openconnect that comes pre-installed or is available in the repositories. Works really well along with network-manager.


Cannot Install 18.04.1 on Intel 8th Gen NUC (8i7HVK)

I got it working ok, including with the Radeon graphics card. Took some doing.

Instructions here.

  Setting up a NUC8i7HVK with Ubuntu 18.04 with AMD VEGAM graphics

  I love my NUCs, and when I gave my mine to my daughters to watch
  movies and play games on, I had a perfect excuse to purchase a shiny
  new Hades Canyon NUC (NUC8i7HVK) with an AMD Vega M graphics card.
  Little did I know GNU/Linux wasn't supported on it; I wrongly assumed
  that all NUCs were compatible with my preferred OS. I'm not gonna use
  Windows, so I was forced to put some time into setting up my NUC.

  Thank goodness for the really smart people who actually figured out
  how to do it; I'm just documenting the steps I took trom their advice
  so that others can do the same (I've also linked to pretty much every
  page where I found good advice on this problem). The keystone advice
  came from user834610 on
  this
  page and from a bunch of people
  here.

  Note: My Hades Canyon NUC is the one with the i78809G CPU (the more
  powerful of the two available options). From what I've read, at least
  one of the steps below may fail on the HC NUC with the other CPU. Fair
  warning!*

  Update firmware

  Download the BIOS file from here
  (use the one for the F7 BIOS Update method)
  Update the BIOS using these
  instructions.

  Install Ubuntu 18.04 from a USB stick

  Make an Ubuntu startup media on a USB flash drive. I was about to link
  to the instructions for doing that, but if you don't know how to do
  this already, it is probably not a good idea for you to continue down
  this road; it gets a little hairy if you're a newbie to GNU/Linux!
  This NUC is not the place for your first Ubuntu rodeo.

  Plug in the USB startup media and fire up the NUC. It won't work. It'll show you the traditional choices (try Ubuntu, install Ubuntu),
  but no matter what you choose, you'll get a black screen.

  That's because the Linux grahics card drivers on the live media can't deal with the hardware. You need to dumb everything down by
  telling the kernel "nomodeset," meaning it's not allowed to start
  video drivers until the system is running.

  After turning on the NUC, the moment you see the Grub screen (the try vs install options), press 'e'. That'll get you to a screen where
  you can configure the boot options.

  Replace the words 'quiet splash' with 'nomodeset'. A bit like this
  but actually removing the 'quiet splash' (because instead of a pretty
  splash screen now you'll see what's actually going on - that's the not
  'quiet' part).
  Press Control-X to exit and boot. Now it should work.

  Go through the usual process of installing Ubuntu.
  When it finishes, it'll fail to boot again, since the newly installed Ubuntu doesn't have the nomodeset parameter and will try to
  activate the ungovernable video hardware.

  Do the whole nomodeset dance again. Here
  is a pretty good explanation of how to make the nomodeset option
  persistent (edit the /etc/default/grub file to add the nomodeset and
  then run sudo update-grub2).
  I actually just booted, hit Control-Alt-F3 to get to a tty terminal instead of going to the GUI environment, edited the
  /etc/default/grub file (changed the line
  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" to
  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="nomodeset", then ran sudo update-grub2
  and rebooted. That worked and maybe saved a minute or two.

  You should end up with a working installation, but you'll notice that you can't change the display parameters, the HDMI sound output
  may not work, and if you try GLmark2, GLXGears -info, or glxinfo,
  you'll see that there's no hardware accleration. In other words,
  you've just put all of your hopes and dreams into the NUC's graphics
  card in vain. You are where the person who asked
  this
  question was!

  Now comes the tricky part. In order to get the graphics drivers
  working, we need to:

  Upgrade the Linux kernel to 4.18 or higher
  Grab the vegam firmware blobs needed to talk to the hardware
  Update Mesa to at least 18.1

  Update the kernel

  Ubuntu comes with a frozen kernel. Version 18.04 Bionic Beaver comes
  with Linux kernel 4.15, and that's what you get. The drivers for the
  AMD GPU come with Linux 4.17, and from what I understand serious
  support comes only with 4.18. In any case, you'll have to upgrade.

  You can do that manually like this:

wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.18-rc5/linux-headers-4.18.0-041800rc5_4.18.0-041800rc5.201807152130_all.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.18-rc5/linux-headers-4.18.0-041800rc5-generic_4.18.0-041800rc5.201807152130_amd64.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.18-rc5/linux-image-unsigned-4.18.0-041800rc5-generic_4.18.0-041800rc5.201807152130_amd64.deb
wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.18-rc5/linux-modules-4.18.0-041800rc5-generic_4.18.0-041800rc5.201807152130_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i linux-*.deb

  But I cheated and just used UKUU.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:teejee2008/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ukuu

  Ran UKUU from the GUI, chose the Linux Kernel 4.18.3, rebooted.

  Of course, it failed to boot.

  Because I had to go into the BIOS setup of the NUC and disable Secure
  Boot.

  On startup, press F2 to enter the settings, and set

  Advanced -> Boot -> Secure Boot -> Secure Boot Config -> Secure Boot = unchecked
  like this

  After disabling Secure Boot, Ubuntu came up just fine, and running
  uname -a showed that I was now running the 4.18 kernel.

  Upgrade Mesa

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/updates
sudo apt dist-upgrade

  Grab the AMD Vega M Linux driver and put it in the appropriate directory

wget -m -np https://people.freedesktop.org/~agd5f/radeon_ucode/vegam/
sudo cp people.freedesktop.org/~agd5f/radeon_ucode/vegam/*.bin /lib/firmware/amdgpu

  Then update your Initial Ramdisk to recognize/choose the right kernel:

sudo /usr/sbin/update-initramfs -u -k all

  Turn off the nomodeset option again

  Change the relevant line in /etc/default/grub to     GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
  Run sudo update-grub2 and reboot


How do I "set CONFIG_DRM_I915=n" to debug suspend/resume?

CONFIG_DRM_I915 is a kernel build configuration option. To change it you need to rebuild the Linux kernel from source.

There is an easier way to disable the i915 driver though: disable its kernel module via the module "blacklist".

For a one-off test, edit the kernel command-line to add i915.blacklist=yes.

During boot in the Grub menu, select the boot entry for your Ubuntu boot configuration.
Press e to edit it.
Go to the end of the line that starts with linux.
Add the above parameter.
Press Ctrl+x to boot the current configuration.

For more info see How do I add a kernel boot parameter?
For a permanent addition to the blacklist:

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-i915.conf > /dev/null <<< 'blacklist i915'
sudo update-initramfs -u

Then reboot.

For more info see How to blacklist kernel modules?


Return Value to Python script from shell

Within sh which is actually dash on Ubuntu the builtin command return can returns only numerical values - exit statuses, which have a meaning in a context of a function or sourced script. Source man sh:

  The syntax of the return command is

return [exitstatus]

Everything other with your shell script looks correct. I think you need to use echo $COLOR instead return and suppress other echo-es.

In case you need to return more data to the main script you can output everything as one line and divide the separate fields  by some character that will play role of a delimiter in the main script on which base you can convert the string into an array. For example (where , is our delimiter and -n will suppers the newline character within echo):

echo -n "$COLOR","$exitstatus"

The other information that is provided by the script and is not required by the main script could be redirected to some log file:

$ cat whiptail.sh

#!/bin/sh
log_file='/tmp/my.log'

COLOR=$(whiptail --inputbox "What is your favorite Color?" 8 78 Blue --title "Example Dialog" 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)
exitstatus=$?

if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then
    echo "User selected Ok and entered $COLOR" > "$log_file"
    echo -n "$COLOR","$exitstatus"
else
    echo "User selected Cancel."  >> "$log_file"
    echo -n "CANCEL","$exitstatus"
fi

Unfortunately I don't have much experience with Python, but here is a sample .py script that can handle the output of the above .sh script (reference):

$ cat main-script.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import subprocess

p = subprocess.Popen(['./whiptail.sh'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p = p.communicate()[0]
p = p.split(",")
print "Color:    " + p[0]
print "ExitCode: " + p[1]


Cheese in Ubuntu 11.10 started using the Clutter GUI toolkit, which requires working hardware OpenGL support.  Unfortunately, your SiS card doesn't support enough OpenGL to allow Cheese to work.  More GNOME apps plan to transition to Clutter over time (we shipped an older version of Totem in 11.10 because the newer version uses Clutter), so this problem is likely to get worse for you over time.

This may get resolved in 12.04 due to some of the work being done upstream on the software OpenGL renderer.


There is already a bug report for this problem on Launchpad and you should be able to solve it as suggested in the comment 40 of the bug:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/lightdm/+bug/856810


How to move ubuntu to main hardrive off usb

I'm going to assume that the version of Ubuntu you're running from your USB is the version of Ubuntu you want installed on your hard drive. If I'm reading your question correctly, it sounds like you want to install Ubuntu to the hard drive.

If you're booted into Ubuntu from a USB, you can do this without having to download Ubuntu again. At the top of the panel on the left, is an icon with the Ubuntu logo on it. Just under that should be the launcher for the Ubuntu installation application. If you don't see it, you could always click the Ubuntu logo and then in the search field that pops up, type "install". The first search result should be the Ubuntu installer. Click the installer and follow the prompts to install Ubuntu to your hard drive.

If you do not need to copy documents you created in the live OS to your new installation, you can stop here, wait for installation to complete, and then reboot. If you did create documents in the live OS that you want to copy to your new installation, keep reading.

Regarding CelticWarrior's comment, if you have already created documents, these are most likely in the /home/Ubuntu directory. Once Ubuntu has started installing (right after submitting your desired username/password), open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T. Then type cd /target, and press Enter before installation finishes. Leave this window open. This should prevent the system from unmounting your hard drive partition after installation.

When installation finishes, click the "Continue Testing" button. If you wish to copy everything from your user directory in the live OS to the your user directory in the newly installed OS, you can do so by running the following commands (pressing Enter after each line) in the terminal window that you left open...

user=$(ls /target/home)
sudo cp -r /home/ubuntu/* /target/home/$user/
sudo rm /target/home/$user/Desktop/ubiquity.desktop
sudo chown -R 1000:1000 /target/home/$user

Finally, reboot your computer and boot from the hard drive, not the USB. You will have to reinstall any programs you installed while using the live OS, but this should pull documents you created into your new installation.


Lexmark never had support for the P6350. Nothing changed since 2008.


Booting from Ubuntu ISO CD - Windows 7 partitioning

Do I partition windows 7 hard disk before I install Ubuntu using disk utility in windows 7.

Yes, you can do this.

  Or do I do it with my Ubuntu ISO CD after booting. And can I choose the size of the partition using Ubuntu ISO CD.

Yes, you can do this too.

The only difference is that, in the second case, you will find a ready-to-use empty partition to host Ubuntu, when you will be in the Ubuntu live session.

In any case, a defrag pass is recommended (from win7) to prepare the empty space you're planning to use for your Ubuntu partition. Faster and with the same result (for this scope) is to just "consolidate" the free space.

I also suggest to have a separated partition for your /home dir, as this can easily survive (and then conserve almost all your personal settings) from one Ubuntu version to the next one. It's also easier to backup.


Ubuntu 12.04, sony vaio T11, no hardware wifi button, networkmanager "enable wireless" unavailable

Using the NetworkManager command line tool to enable wifi solved my problem:

nmcli nm wifi on

Seems like the NetworkManager believed that the hardware switch was turned off and dimmed the "enable wireless" due to that "wrong" information. However forcing to enable wireless with the command line tool worked.


How do I turn off the firewall in Ubuntu 12.04?

Actually Ubuntu got a firewall it self named uncomplicated firewall.  For any reason you have problem with the firewall means you can simply disable it by running:

sudo ufw disable

from your terminal.

To again enable firewall write/paste the following command-

sudo ufw enable


Open system settings
System Settings --> Software and Updates
Software and Updates --> Other Software
Uncheck all repositories not related to what you are trying to install, then try again.


How can I return to OS X after installing Ubuntu

WayToDoor's answer is correct as far as it goes, but there are other options, too....

First, be aware that rEFIt is abandonware; it hasn't been updated since 2010, and it requires increasing numbers of tweaks to work with recent versions of OS X. In 2012, though, I forked rEFIt into a new project, rEFInd. This version is still under development. It also adds many new features, including some that are relevant for repairing your current problem. Namely, you can install rEFInd in Ubuntu by using a Debian package or PPA (see its downloads page for details). This isn't really the ideal way to install on a Mac, since their EFIs are strange and may not respond quite properly to the way Linux manages them. OTOH, in tests I've done recently on both an old 32-bit Mac Mini and a new (bought in late 2014) MacBook Air, installing rEFInd from Ubuntu has worked. Alternatively, you could boot into OS X as WayToDoor suggests and then install rEFInd instead of re-installing rEFIt.

Another possibility is to adjust GRUB so that it boots OS X. In theory it should be able to do so, but I can't say what's wrong without seeing the /boot/grub/grub.cfg file and knowing something about your partitions. If you want to pursue this possibility, run the Boot Info Script. This should generate a file called RESULTS.txt. Post it to a pastebin site and post the URL to your document here. Inform My GRUB configuration skills aren't the best, but I may be able to at least offer suggestions once I see what your current configuration is.


php7.0-dev installation fails on ubuntu 14.0.4

If you are coming from the old obsolete repository then remove it

# apt-get install ppa-purge
# ppa-purge ppa:ondrej/php-7.0

Add the new repository and update

# add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
# apt-get update
# apt-get upgrade
# apt-get autoremove

I also had to restart Apache to get things working again after upgrading

# service apache2 restart


Add the -u flag to your date command to get the correct output. Note that this should be 00:23:02 rather than 00:22:62.

TotalDuration=$(date -ud "@$TD" +%H:%M:%S)

-u prints the time in UTC.


Regarding DeSmuME - Where are my 'file', 'view', 'config', etc.?

Menu bars in Ubuntu are at the top panel when a program is opened, even though it is not full screen just move the mouse to the top panel and the menus for Desmume will be revealed.

However, I had some bad luck with Desmume on Ubuntu 16.04 as I am unable to access any category in the menus above, and only those which are accessible by a keyboard shortcut was I able to open.


Nvidia driver isnt recognized after ubuntu software update

Since you have an LTS kernel you have to install the Nvidia-lts version of the driver,  you should uninstall the other one and try with the LTS one


Try just:

sudo apt-get install openvswitch-switch

Many of those packages you mentioned should be dependencies, plus you may already have the Linux headers if you download security updates, so you probably won't need to apt-get all of those. Just that. See below from 12.04 with updated headers. It's not smooth but you can see the dependencies.

xenuser@LabXen:~$ sudo apt-get install openvswitch-switch
[sudo] password for xenuser:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  dkms fakeroot openvswitch-common openvswitch-datapath-dkms
Suggested packages:
  ethtool
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  dkms fakeroot openvswitch-common openvswitch-datapath-dkms
  openvswitch-switch
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 3,987 kB of archives.
After this operation, 17.3 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main dkms all 2.2.0.3-1ubuntu3.1 [73.2 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main fakeroot amd64 1.18.2-1 [87.2 kB]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/universe openvswitch-common amd64 1.4.0-1ubuntu1.5 [547 kB]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/universe openvswitch-datapath-dkms all 1.4.0-1ubuntu1.5 [2,007 kB]
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/universe openvswitch-switch amd64 1.4.0-1ubuntu1.5 [1,273 kB]
Fetched 3,987 kB in 6s (582 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package dkms.
(Reading database ... 184811 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking dkms (from .../dkms_2.2.0.3-1ubuntu3.1_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package fakeroot.
Unpacking fakeroot (from .../fakeroot_1.18.2-1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package openvswitch-common.
Unpacking openvswitch-common (from .../openvswitch-common_1.4.0-1ubuntu1.5_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package openvswitch-datapath-dkms.
Unpacking openvswitch-datapath-dkms (from .../openvswitch-datapath-dkms_1.4.0-1ubuntu1.5_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package openvswitch-switch.
Unpacking openvswitch-switch (from .../openvswitch-switch_1.4.0-1ubuntu1.5_amd64.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead ...
Setting up dkms (2.2.0.3-1ubuntu3.1) ...
Setting up fakeroot (1.18.2-1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/fakeroot-sysv to provide /usr/bin/fakeroot (fakeroot) in auto mode.
Setting up openvswitch-common (1.4.0-1ubuntu1.5) ...
Setting up openvswitch-datapath-dkms (1.4.0-1ubuntu1.5) ...

Creating symlink /var/lib/dkms/openvswitch/1.4.0/source ->
                 /usr/src/openvswitch-1.4.0

DKMS: add completed.

Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...

Building module:
cleaning build area....(bad exit status: 2)
./configure --with-linux='/lib/modules/3.8.0-32-generic/build' && make -C datapath/linux......(bad exit status: 1)
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.8.0-32-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/openvswitch/1.4.0/build/make.log for more information.
Setting up openvswitch-switch (1.4.0-1ubuntu1.5) ...
 * Inserting openvswitch module
 * /etc/openvswitch/conf.db does not exist
 * Creating empty database /etc/openvswitch/conf.db
 * Starting ovsdb-server
 * Configuring Open vSwitch system IDs
 * Starting ovs-vswitchd
 * Enabling gre with iptables
xenuser@LabXen:~$


Ubuntu 18.04 on HP Stream 14 - Suspend Produces Checksum Error

I have a HP Stream 14 laptop running Ubuntu 18.04 that also had the CMOS Reset (502) Checksum error. The way I fixed this was by using a newer kernel than that which Ubuntu 18.04 ships, specifically a version above 4.19. My Ubuntu shipped with 4.15.0-42-generic and this caused the CMOS error.

I used the mainline/upstream kernel 4.19.0-041900-generic, and sleep works without any CMOS errors. You can follow the Ubuntu wiki for instructions: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/MainlineBuilds

Another option that worked was to use one of the kernel releases from the Linux Kernel Archives at: https://www.kernel.org/
If you go this route, the only one I tested was 4.20-rc6 (4.20.0-042000), and it worked.

To the best of my knowledge this first method of just using a newer kernel only works with kernel versions 4.19 and above.

This second method worked for me before the newer kernels fixed the CMOS on sleep error. It requires you to compile your own kernel with the fixed DSDT table. The above method works well, but for those who might need something for older kernels I did this second method.

With the 4.18.6 official release I had the CMOS error. What I did to fix the sleep on 4.18.6 was to follow the Arch wiki link below and to edit the DSDT tables using iasl and change two of the RTC values:

   `IO (Decode16,
                    0x0070,             // Range Minimum
                    0x0070,             // Range Maximum
                    0x00,               // Alignment  <-- This one was made 00
                    0x02,               // Length <-- This one was made 02
                    )`

Again, this method worked for me on the 4.18.6 kernel version, I did not test other kernel versions.
You can follow the Arch DSDT wiki: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/DSDT
Make sure however that you compile it into the kernel, not by the CPIO archive method. I recommend HP Stream 14 users to simply use the first method because it saves space and time.


Access Ubuntu 20.04 remotely from Windows 10 on the same computer

You can only boot one operating system at a time in a dual boot setup. When Windows 10 is running in a Windows 10 / Ubuntu dual boot then Ubuntu is not running, and you can't access Ubuntu remotely from Windows if it is not currently running.


What is the difference between .tar files

The .tar (standing for Tape ARchive) files are  the ones created by the tar utility. It is capable of putting several files in one single package, but it can't compress them. That's where the .gz, .xz and .bz2 extensions enter. The gz format provides the best speed but a "regular" compression ratio. The bz2 format provides a mid-term between speed and compression, while xz is excellent when talking about compression but a little slower.

The big difference between .tar.gz/bz2/xz files and .zip/.7z/.rar files is that the "tar" ones pass through two processes to reach their final forms while the others do it in a single step.


How do I legally make an open-source version of a closed-source game?

You can't copy it to be open-source. Even if the source were leaked, that is illegal. You can, however, follow in the footsteps of FreeCiv or Doom3. FreeCiv is based on Civilization, and is an open-source version. Doom3 is also open-source but requires the use of official game data for full operation or you must provide your own assets for models. Either way the engine is free, open source, and available to all.  FreeCiv includes no game data since both the original and FreeCiv generate maps dynamically. The requirements to release your version are as follows:

Any patents related to the original must have expired. You can use a patent search such as Google Patent Search. Simply type your query as if it were a regular Google search, and under one or two web results, patents will be shown.
The program you are writing does not use strong cryptography that is restricted by the US government.(Or if it were downloaded in some countries, you could be considered an arms dealer) You may also register with the US Bureau of Industry and Security, which is a part of the US Department of Commerce, although the legal paperwork may be very difficult to file without professional legal counsel. Also see the BIS FAQ on encryption.
Your version does not use images or other files (such as sound files) from the original version.
Your version includes some (at least minor) changes.
You did not use, directly, or as an idea on how to write your version, any of the source of the original if it had been leaked.
You do not utilize the source's trademarks.

Do note that you have to code it, package it, and put it in a PPA or the repositories. This may be very difficult. There is no way to just copy-paste some magic from the old version. Please read the disclaimer below prior to doing anything to make your version, and for more guidance about the actual stages of coding, visit Game Development and Stack Overflow.

  Legal disclaimer: This is not meant to be legal advice. The author of this answer, Ask Ubuntu, Stack Exchange, Inc, their representatives, agents, and/or any affiliated parties will not be responsible for any damages, incidental, or consequential, that may arise due to the use of these guidelines. These guidelines are based on US laws and regulations. Laws and regulations in your area may differ so check with a lawyer or local authorities.


When a prebuilt package is not available for the Swift language and libraries, an option is to build from source. This is currently the case for Ubuntu 17.04 and 17.10.

The Swift GitHub repository provides steps to build Swift from source code.  The high-level build automation script build-script uses CMake and Ninja build tools.

The basic steps can be summarized as apt-get install prerequisites, download the Swift source and then run build-script.

## 1. Install prerequisites
sudo apt-get install git cmake ninja-build clang python uuid-dev libicu-dev icu-devtools libbsd-dev libedit-dev libxml2-dev libsqlite3-dev swig libpython-dev libncurses5-dev pkg-config libblocksruntime-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev autoconf libtool systemtap-sdt-dev tzdata

## 2. Download source
mkdir swift-source
cd swift-source
# if using ssh…
git clone git@github.com:apple/swift.git
./swift/utils/update-checkout --clone-with-ssh
# alternately, if using http…
git clone https://github.com/apple/swift.git
./swift/utils/update-checkout --clone

## 3. Build source
cd swift
utils/build-script --release-debuginfo

URLs are provided to contribute back and report bugs.

Use the search term "17.10" in the Swift bug reporter to find information on issues (both resolved and unresolved) that others have already looked at for a source-base installation of Swift on Ubuntu 17.10.


mongodb WARNING: You are running on a NUMA machine

As suggested by Jacek - If using a dedicated server for mongodb disabling NUMA in BIOS is a good option. For production scenarios, it has been suggested to use the numactl command to future-proof for NUMA awareness.

To make mongod start using interleaved mode, add numactl –interleave=all before your regular mongod command:

numactl --interleave=all mongod < mongod options>

If using numaclt method, also disable vm zone reclaim zone_reclaim_mode to 0 by adding: vm.zone_reclaim_mode = 0 to /etc/sysctl.conf, save it and execute sysctl -p to load the new settings into the kernel.

For more insights - https://engineering.linkedin.com/performance/optimizing-linux-memory-management-low-latency-high-throughput-databases


Can't boot Ubuntu after installing and use Boot-Repair

Your computer uses an NVMe disk, which appears in Ubuntu via the /dev/mmcblk0 device. Most disks in Ubuntu appear via devices called /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, and so on. It looks like Boot Repair might not be quite handling that correctly. At the very least, it's not showing the partition table on your /dev/mmcblk0 device. Although the repair looks like it probably did what it should have done, there are also some errors reported (like on line 676 and 679), so I'm not 100% sure that it's completed correctly. I recommend you contact the Boot Repair developers about this; NVMe disks with filenames of the form /dev/mmcblk* are becoming more common, and Boot Repair should be able to handle them correctly.

That said, if these issues aren't critical (and they may not be), it's possible that your firmware is one of the still-too-common broken EFIs that forget or ignore their built-in boot managers' NVRAM-based boot entries. I say this because the first efibootmgr output, on lines 254-264, shows a BootOrder variable that does not include the ubuntu entry. The same is true of the second efibootmgr output, on lines 624-634. The third instance, on lines 656-666, shows the result of the repair and shows the ubuntu entry as being active and the default option in the BootOrder. The thing is that the BootOrder variable should have been correct from the start; the fact that it wasn't correct, but that an ubuntu entry was present, implies that the BootOrder variable was altered after the OS was installed. The usual cause of this problem is a defective firmware.

If I'm right, you may need to either return the computer for a refund (if it's new enough for this) or use an ugly, hackish workaround, as described in my answer to this question. The Boot Repair utility can also do this semi-automatically; you need to set the option to back up and rename boot loaders on the "advanced" menu, then re-repair the installation.


Dkpg error trying to install Mysql 8 on Ubuntu 18.04

Please be careful with copying commands from somewhere.

You have typographic "–" (en dash, 0xe2 0x80 0x93) in your commands, but you should have plain minus sign "-" (hyphen-minus, 0x2d).

You need to fix the commands to:

wget -c https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.13-1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.13-1_all.deb

If you are following some official guide from respectful source - then tell its author to use correct symbols.

If you unsure about the command syntax - see manpages:

man wget locally or online
man dpkg locally or online


After installing Ubuntu the Broadcom network adapter is not functioning. How can I fix this?

You needn't blacklist acer-wmi.

Please get a temporary internet connection and open a terminal and do:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

Reboot and your wireless should be working.


CPU overheating on a Sony Vaio VPCEA15FG

have you considered jupiter?

also, when you run the system monitor, is your CPU percentage high?
(on some ubuntu versions I've had issues where things like software centre would use 100% cpu and my laptop would switch off in a few minutes)

Hope this helps!


Cannot log in through gui X-server broken

Looking at my .Xsession-errors file, I found that my home folder's permissions had been changed somehow. I changed it back to

drwxr-xr-x me me

and now it works again.


Keyboard and touch pad is not working on a Dell XPS 15z

I have a XPS 15z too and I will tell you what I did on my xps. First, about the keyboard i don't know what happend with yours, on my notebook it works very well, i think that you will have to reinstall ubuntu to fix this.
But for the touchpad has a simple solution, you will open the terminal (ctrl+alt+T), type sudo gedit /etc/rc.local and edit the file wich opened. Before the line exit 0 you will add the following lines:

sudo modprobe -r psmouse
sudo modprobe psmouse proto=imps

Save the file and reboot the computer, i believe after this the touchpad will work. Another thing is about the videocard, it not works in ubuntu, i try so many solutions but anyone works.

I hope i could help you, sorry about my "english', its not my native language.


partitioning - How to create new partition through unused size without livecd

This cannot be done on linux. You will need live boot, or install another OS, in another partition. And from the other OS, do the wanted.


Bootup hangs on "Checking battery state.." after after 12.04 upgrade

Welcome to Askubuntu! First up all, do backup your valuable data and tighten your seat belt.Boot your system in to recovery mode(select the second option from the boot menu)and login.This option gives you a command line screen where you can check your video driver position by typing this command jockey-text -h which will show you the available options for the driver installation.This command is same like Additional Driver in GUI.Moreover be a scholar by these posts too http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1970498 and https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Troubleshooting/VideoDriverDetection


Can I get the GNOME environment in Edubuntu 14.04?

You can install it with:

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

It should then install it and most of the other stuff it needs to work.

More instructions can be found here.


Accidently added linux swap partition to windows without formatting

If you grow a partition it will always extend its own filesystem to the added space.


Can't execute compiled program: Exec format error

Check the FTP transfer mode!

ASCII may not work as supposed in some ftp client/server combination on different OS's.

So Binary mode should be used with binary file formats and Unicode text files too to confirm integrity of data. In this mode, the data are copied bit-to-bit, it constructs same exact copy. Reference: FTP Upload Corrupting PDF

Auto may not work well for some clients because executable programs do not have to be with specific extension in Linux.