There are two different folders called the "root" folder: / (the root of the filesystem, which is really the only folder that should ever be called the "root folder"), and /root (the root user's home directory). During the normal course of operation (i.e., except while performing administrative tasks), users cannot create new files in / or /root.

You should not change the ownership or permissions of either directory (changing them for / in particular could break things very badly, perhaps even beyond creating security problems depending on what assumptions your applications and services make about the ownership and permissions of /).

If you have the gksu package installed, you can run gksudo nautilus to open a root-owned file browser window. If you do this, please be extra careful to only use it for tasks where you must be root, and to close it when you're done (so you don't later confuse it with an ordinary Nautilus window).

If you don't have gksu installed and don't want to install it, sudo -i nautilus or sudo -H nautilus are reasonably safe. (In contrast, if you were to use plain sudo nautilus, you might have to fix some things in your home directory to get Nautilus to work properly again when you're not running it as root.)

However, usually you don't need to do that either. You rarely have to manually edit the top-level contents of / or the contents of /root. I recommend providng more information--or asking a new question--to explain exactly what you're trying to accomplish. The particular task you need to do will determine how you should proceed.

Finally, a note on lost+found. This stores files recovered in filesystem repair operations. Since such files could be from anywhere in the filesystem, it's necessary to require root permissions to access them (or any information on the system could potentially be accessed by someone who is not an administrator). If you think there may be files there that you wish to reclaim, you can check by running

sudo ls /lost+found

in a Terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+T).

If there are files there that you want, then you can copy them out (and if their ownership and permissions don't give you the necessary access, change them). You can do that as root from the Terminal with cp, chmod and chown (run as root with sudo), or with a root-owned Nautilus window as described above.

If you need to change ownership and permissions for files, then:

make sure not to do so for more files than necessary--for example, some people accidentally change ownership or permissions for large parts of the system and then have to reinstall, and
I recommend this guide for understanding the ownership/permissions system in Ubuntu (which also applies to most other Unix-like OSes). Wikipedia may help too.


Why are my videos playing speeded up with no audio, but work fine if I log in as a guest?

If you can play the videos with another User Account, it must be a personal setting. If it is a setting of vlc for example, you may reset the settings by deleting the

~/.vlc/

completely and start it again. Does this work? If not, i have no idea which system settings may cause such a problem.


Its not a direct answer to your question but may be an alternative. I guess your are aware that the standard Ubuntu desktop flavours to not use startx but lightdm service to start the desktop. You would have your specific reasons for your installations on top of the server.

I am running a server where I installed XUbuntu-minimal desktop, so I can run x-Window applications over SSH which is very convenient for editing larger config files or browsing with the file manager. I selected Xubuntu because its xfce is very lightweight on server performance compared to unity.

Installation is easy

sudo tasksel

select Xubuntu-minimal. Only issue is that it will start all the time into the desktop.

Here is how to change that:

1) In order to prevent the login to appear, the responsible DM (LightDM must be modified:

sudo nano /etc/init/lightdm.conf

start on ((filesystem
           and runlevel [!06]
           and runlevel [!03]
           and started dbus
           and plymouth-ready)
          or runlevel PREVLEVEL=S)

2) Change grub:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub
  GRUB_DEFAULT=0
 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
 GRUB_TIMEOUT=2
 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian
 #GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="3"
 # comment the next line to disable boot to graphical terminal
 GRUB_TERMINAL=console
 sudo update-grub

That should do it. You could care to create a new grub menu entry later. Instead of startx you start with.

sudo service lightdm start

If you like your could define an alias

alias startx = sudo service lightdm start

Hope it works for you.


you may take a look at touchegg : http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/43097/how-to-get-macbook-style-finger-gestures-on-ubuntu-linux/


Simple to solve without command line or sudo.  Just delete the ~/.wine directory that is in your home folder (were ~ is shorthand for /home/username or /home/$USER).  You will have to show hidden files to find it.  Wine will automatically rebuild this directory the next time you use it.
While this is the quick and easy way it does leave leftover entries in ~/.local/share/applications.  Just browse to this folder and delete the unwanted files/directories left from installed Wine apps.  If you don't do this the removed apps will still be listed in your desktop menus even though they are no longer installed.
I use playonlinux to help with Wine.  It makes it easier and it allows each program you install to be in it's own little separate virtual Windows drive.  So if you have this problem again you just delete that programs directory instead of all of your Wine stuff.


Problem installing Visual Studio Code on Ubuntu 18.04.1 (not found libgconf-2-4)

I met with the same problem. Try the following commands.

sudo apt --fix-broken install
sudo dpkg -i code_*.deb

It works for me. Hope it helps you.


How can I enable switchable graphics in my Lenovo G770 laptop?

I have the same laptop with hybrid Intel HD3000 and RadeonHD 6650 GPUs. I suspect you have probably found a workable solution in the 6 months since you posted this question, but just in case you haven't (and assuming you aren't vehemently opposed to the proprietary drivers released by AMD), the information in the following two links is extremely helpful and has worked very well on my G770.

NOTE: From my experience, these AMD Catalyst drivers work very well when installed on kernel 3.2.0-26 or earlier; I have had and am currently attempting to work through some suspend/resume issues under 3.2.0-27 (in Unity3D -- Unity2D, Gnome-Shell, and all other DE's work flawlessly). Additionally, any time you upgrade to a new kernel version you will need to uninstall and reinstall the drivers, as the Catalyst installer creates packages specifically for the running kernel it detects. If you are running kernel 3.5, you will need to install Catalyst 12.6 rather than 12.4, which is as simple as replacing all instances of "12.4" with "12.6" when following the instructions in the first link.

Simple Step-By-Step Driver Installation Instructions
http://ubuntuforums.org/printthread.php?s=c2d469eb5a578eb0871a2dfba23a0b8c&t=1930450&pp=75

Simple Method of Driver Removal (answer #2, by bioShark)
What Packages/How Do I Uninstall Propriety AMD Catalyst Driver


Why do I need syslog, or even cron, when Ubuntu has have the systemd journal and timers?

Ubuntu has tens of thousands of files you don't need but are not worth trying to get rid of.

Ubuntu is really an ecosystem of packages. Some of those packages have also switched to systemd, but others may use Upstart, SysV init scripts or cron jobs. You could turn off cron jobs and it might not break anything right away, but you later might end up installing something which expects cron jobs to be running. That said, you can disable cron jobs like this as long as you willing to accept that some things that expect to run might not be run:

 sudo update-rc.d foobar disable

Likewise, some packages may expect to log to syslog instead of the journal. You can remove rsyslog with:

 sudo apt-get remove rsyslog

But I wouldn't recommend doing that either.  I think the adage applies: "Benchmark first, then optimize."    First find out what's actually slowing down your system in a meaningful way and work on fixing that. I doubt that cron or rsyslog will be your biggest problems.


You extracted the eventum application into the apache2 configuration directory, which is definitely the wrong place.

sudo mv /etc/apache2/conf.d/eventum-2.2 /var/www
service apache2 restart


Passing encrypted password in mount command

How about replacing "passphrase" with "$(mypassphrase)", to run the program/script mypassphrase for providing the pass phrase at the run time of the cron command line.


sshKeys = {"key": [keyValue]}
maas_access.post(u"account/prefs/sshkeys/", "new", **sshKeys)

The above code will post the ssh key into the maas using maas-api.


The main problem in your first line is the incorrect whitespace - the "not equal" needs to be a single operator like != rather than ! =, and the ! needs to be separated from the variable preceding it. You should also quote the variable in any string comparisons, in case it contains whitespace

while  [ "$Username" != "" ]

If you post a sample of the text file there's almost certainly a better way to read the username / password / group fields (instead of using lots of grep and cut commands).


How do I get a Genius iLook 300 webcam to work?

OK so I noticed a question that needed an answer. This one is one of those weaker points when it comes to linux not a problem as such you just need to look a bit deeper for a solution. So I eventually found a blog half in French half in English lucky as my french is basic. Stemp Blog on gspca drivers

It is quite a technical walk through and it is for Karmic 9.10 but not everything in Linux changes that fast (if it ain't broke don't fix it) and I have seen a few mentions of people using the same process in Lucid 10.04, so it should be fine to use the process in Maverick 10.10. One Final comment that is mentioned later in the blog post is that not all programs use v4l2 and you will need to force them to use v4l1 compatabilty module using this command eg.

LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libv4l/v4l1compat.so skype

Instead of just

skype

Just means you will need to update a few short cuts. Had a similar problem with a creative webcam so its not unique.

Hope this helps


how do I download and install the wireless card driver for a Toshiba a215 laptop?

Your trace looks like the output of sudo lshw -class Network - as such the kernel has already recognised your wireless card and you most probably dont need to download any drivers.

Try the following suggested fix:

Run the following in a terminal:

sudo rmmod -f ath5k
sudo rfkill unblock all
sudo modprobe ath5k

Then restart your network connection

ifconfig wlan0 up

source


"Show Desktop" Not in Nautilus Preferences?

It is dconf-editor under /org/gnome/desktop/background as show-desktop-icons in GNOME 3.x versions, which is the version of Nautilus in Ubuntu 11.10.

What is dconf, what is its function, and how do I use it?
Does Ubuntu have the equivalent of a registry, especially for desktop GUI items?
Graphical editor for GSettings/dconf?


Drive locked with hdparm during secure erase and power down

I had the misfortune of trying A LOW LEVEL FORMAT on a Dell XPS 15z with a Toshiba MQ01ABC150 drive without paying full attention.

Providing a stupid password to hdparm's security-set-pass parameter doesn't make it perform something that relates to very old magnetic hard drives¹. The command you left out is usually recommended to erase SSDs. There are still some concerns though if all manufacturers have implemented this feature the right way and that data cannot be recovered from bad blocks which have be replaced with spares by the firmware.

It's funny to see where cargo cult² leads to. On a SSD ATA Secure Erase is easy, fast and potentially restores performance (I don't think it will do the impossible thing to reset the cells wear level). To securely erase a slow 1.5 TB HDD every sector of the HDD hat to be rewritten at least once. If you really want to do that have the laptop charger plugged in and disable automatic hibernation or standby then watch it churning for hours. Or mount the drive in a computer you don't need at the moment. That's also how you work around the behavior of your laptop with a locked drive when you can't figure out what to do: mount it in another computer, at worst through an external dock (eSATA or something with SATA hot swap compatibility, I'm not sure if USB supports this feature) while it is already booted.

On the hdparm manpage you can find a command to unlock a drive and one to disable the password again. Someone else already asked a very similar question on serverfault and accepted an answer, so these commands should work, else you have a nice new paperweight.

To not get cofused by more cargo cult here are the important bits. Unlock ATA password locked drive:

hdparm --user-master m --security-unlock PASS DEVICE

Disable ATA security password:

hdparm --user-master m --security-disable PASS DEVICE

This a probably another terrible comparison, but low level formating a HDD in times long past meant providing particular information to the drive to have it operate normally and then format it, like you would tell a SSD that it has a particular layout of storage (how many cells of SLC, MLC and/or TLC, V-NAND, what kind of redundancy, spare blocks, how the addressing and cache algorithms should work etc.). That is the level of blatant stupidity when users talk about low level formatting storage devices with controllers these days who obviously out smart themselves by several orders of magnitude.
I just made an edit to the answer here on AskUbuntu which will hopefully clear up some confusion. I saw this question and answer in my feed reader the past days and wondered about the terribly misleading password myself.


Upgrade Win7 Home to Ultimate - will dual-boot with Ubuntu still work? / Partition access question

I don't know what the Upgrade will do with the Windows files, but I am quite sure that it will restore the boot loader to Microsoft, so your GRUB boot menu will be gone and the machine would boot straight into Windows, I suppose. But this can be fixed: Follow this answer here (maybe print it out) after the Upgrade, to restore the GRUB and fix the dual-boot. The Upgrade should not touch your Ubuntu partition, so it should be fine after that.
The Windows system can not access your Ubuntu partition, because it is formatted in ext4, which is unsupported by Windows without special drivers. And as applications use system calls to access the drives (normally), they can't access Ubuntu's files either, as long as they don't install their own driver (99.99999% will definitely not!) The only thing Windows (applications) can do to harm Ubuntu's files is to completely delete or reformat the partition. It is possible, but very unlikely, because viruses that are so aggressive are not very widespread. So you are pretty safe, but totally safe is only an external hdd you physically disconnect.


Unable to boot Ubuntu with new Kernel but it works fine with old kernel

There is a problem in your kernel installation. anwyay to correct that problem boot from your kernel 3.2.x which is working just fine. and follow the following steps which leads you to compile a new kernel and thus obtain a 2 deb files (image and header). just please follow this link


How to fix graphical glitch in Chromium?

I apologise for this question. The problem was caused by the Chrome extension Empty New Tab Page. It removed the New Tab tab title and thus left this black glitch behind.

Alternatively, users can install New Tab Page - Blank which preserves the tab name.


Key server receive failed when installing through PPA

Try the manual way,

Open terminal and open sources list:

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Add the lines: Look your ubuntu version and change zesty to
yours.

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/elementary-os/daily/ubuntu zesty main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/elementary-os/daily/ubuntu zesty main

Add key:

 sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 4E1F8A59

Run command:

sudo apt-get update

Now you can install packages from this repo.

This is a template to add any repository from ppa.


Problems installing rEFInd through windows after Ubuntu install

It sounds like the ESP wasn't mounted at S:. Did you get any errors with the mountvol command earlier in the procedure? If so, you should correct those errors.

As an alternative, consider downloading the USB flash drive or CD-R version of rEFInd and booting with it. If you can get into Ubuntu in that way, you can install the Debian package or PPA, which should set things up automatically.


Here's a good how-to from Ubuntu forums: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=862620
Flagrant copy-pasta:
HOWTO: Set Up an NTP Server
This tutorial describes how to set up your machine as a local Network Time Protocol (NTP) server and/or how to use the NTP daemon to regularly maintain an accurate system time.
What is NTP?
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a protocol designed for accurately synchronizing local time clocks with networked time servers. The NTP network of time servers is set up as a hierarchical manner, such that any user can enter the system as a server at some level (see the Wikipedia page for more details).
The NTP hierarchy is separated into different levels, called clock strata. The most accurate level, Stratum 0, is reserved for atomic clocks, etc. The next level, Stratum 1, is generally used by networked machines locally connected to the Stratum 0 clocks. Stratum 2...15 are NTP machines that are connected, in turn, to lower level clocks and each other.
This guide describes how to synchronize accurately with Stratum 1 and 2 machines, and maintain as accurate of system clock as possible throughout the day. Sections are also included on how to allow your machine to operate as a Stratum 2/3 server for other machines on your local network.
Do I have to make an NTP server?
No... absolutely not! If you're satisfied with the clocks on your network having some unknown difference from the standard time (and each other), then you do not have to set up an NTP server. I set one up on my laptop in order to synchronize multiple machines on a local network within < 1 ms for a bioengineering experiment. There are various other advantages, in addition, which are described below.
Motivation:
Regularly, unmodified Ubuntu boxes use ntpdate (/usr/sbin/ntpdate) to synchronize the clock periodically with some external time server. This approach synchronizes the clock with a coarse resolution (typically once a day).
Computer clocks are imperfect, and will drift from the (correct) time server during the day. Furthermore, drift rates in the clocks of different computers differ, such that by the end of the day significant differences may exist between different locally networked machines, which may interfere with certain operations (for instance, ever have a makefile complain when moving source code among different machines?).
It is possible to run the NTP daemon locally on a machine on your network. This has multiple advantages: first, the NTP daemon gradually "learns" the drift rate of your local machine, and can correct for it throughout the day. Synchronization with upper level time servers takes place multiple times a day, and many different time servers may be used simultaneously to make the synchronization more accurate. In this way, the NTP daemon acts as an accurate time client, keeping your system clock as close to the the standard time as possible.
In addition to maintaining an accurate system clock, the NTP daemon allows a machine on your network (if you would like) to operate as an NTP time server. Doing so will allow other machines on your local network to synchronize with your LAN time server in a very quick and accurate manner, since network latency is minimized. In this way, the differences in clocks between machines on your network is kept as minimal as possible. Mac, and even Windows boxes are also able to synchronize with an NTP server, should you set one up.
There are other, less personal, motivations for setting up a machine as an NTP server. First, doing so may decrease the strain on higher level NTP servers, since other machines on your LAN may synchronize with a locally established time server. Also, ntpdate has been deprecated in favor of using the -q flag for ntpd (which mimics its functionality). Thus, even if you do not want to run ntpd constantly in the background, ntpdate will eventually be replaced with ntpd, so you may want to become familiar with it now
How to Maintain an Accurate System Clock with ntpd

Install the NTP daemon

First, install the NTP daemon (ntpd):
sudo aptitude install ntpd

As was previously mentioned, ntpd can act both as a client (synchronizing your system time) and as a server (providing accurate time for other machines).
Optionally, you may also want to remove the previous (deprecated) time synchronization program, ntpdate. Perhaps it may be wiser to do so after you have ntpd working
sudo aptitude remove ntpdate

Configure the daemon properly

The configuration file for ntpd is located at /etc/ntp.conf. The default Ubuntu file probably requires some modification for optimal performance.
The first section you may want to modify is the list of servers to synchronize with. The default section probably looks as follows:
# You do need to talk to an NTP server or two (or three).
server ntp.ubuntu.com

In order to get the most accurate time possible, it is preferable to communicate with multiple different NTP servers, and keep them as close to your physical location as possible. There are various different server lists online, probably the best is located here. There is some debate over the proper number of servers to use. One is better than two, and three or more probably is a good idea, so long as you don't go too overboard. An example of a few time servers that I used follows:
server nist1-dc.WiTime.net iburst
server ntp0.mcs.anl.gov
server 0.us.pool.ntp.org
server 1.us.pool.ntp.org
server 2.us.pool.ntp.org
server 3.us.pool.ntp.org

Once a few good servers have been found, add them to the list, putting 'iburst' after the most promising one. For instance:
server nist1-dc.WiTime.net iburst

This will cause ntpd to synchronize very quickly with this server after starting up. Otherwise, ntpd will slowly tend to drift towards agreement with the server list (as is its nature), and it may take 15-20 minutes to synchronize well enough to act as a time server for the rest of your network.
Also, add a few extra lines to the bottom of your servers list to provide your current local time as a default should you temporarily lose Internet connectivity:
server 127.127.1.0
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10

This will prevent any nastiness if you're running ntpd on a laptop or other machine with intermittent periods of disconnection from the Internet.
All in all, the server list should look similar to the following (this is mine, your servers will probably be different):
# You do need to talk to an NTP server or two (or three).
server nist1-dc.WiTime.net iburst
server ntp0.mcs.anl.gov
server 0.us.pool.ntp.org
server 1.us.pool.ntp.org
server 2.us.pool.ntp.org
server 3.us.pool.ntp.org
server 127.127.1.0
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10

Make sure the configuration works

Now that you have a proper server list in your /etc/ntp.conf file, it is time to run the daemon and see if you synchronize properly! Make sure you have an active Internet connection, and then run:
sudo /etc/init.d/ntp restart

Next, monitor your system log to see if you synchronize with a time server:
tail -f /var/log/syslog

In about 10-15 seconds (or up to 15-20 minutes if you forgot to put 'iburst' after your favorite server), you should see something like the following in your system log:
Jul 17 16:50:22 hostname ntpd[22402]: synchronized to 140.221.9.20, stratum 2

If this message never comes, you have not yet properly synchronized with the NTP server network. Check the list of NTP peers you are communicating with using the following:
ntpq -c lpeer

If the 'delay', 'offset', and 'jitter' fields are non-zero and you haven't synchronized, it probably means that you just need to wait a while. Check again that you've inserted the 'iburst' argument to your servers list! My peers, for reference, look something like the following:
     remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter
==============================================================================
*milo.mcs.anl.go 192.5.41.40      2 u    4   64   77   46.213   67.753   2.207
-europium.canoni 193.79.237.14    2 u   63   64   37   97.375   71.020   1.875
-dtype.org       69.25.96.13      2 u    2   64   77   86.956   69.178   1.804
+smtp130.junkema 216.218.254.202  2 u    2   64   77   87.266   67.677   0.916
+kechara.flame.o 216.218.254.202  2 u    -   64   77   89.183   68.717   1.713
-host2.kingrst.c 99.150.184.201   2 u    -   64   77   24.306   62.121   2.608
 LOCAL(0)        .LOCL.          10 l   59   64   37    0.000    0.000   0.002

Share! (optional)

Once ntpd is running and is synchronized with the time servers you have selected, you may set it up in order to act as a time server for other machines. To do so, add a section like the following to /etc/ntp.conf:
# Allow LAN machines to synchronize with this ntp server
restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap
restrict 192.168.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap
# You may add as many (or few) CIDR address blocks to allow to synchronize with your machine as you'd like. I included those commonly used with Linksys (192.168.1.*) and SMC (192.168.2.*) routers.

Synchronize! (optional)

Once you've set up an NTP server using steps 1-4, you can synchronize the other machines on your network with your server in various manners. I outline a couple of them below:
ntpd:
If you have ntpd installed on another machine, you can use your first server in the servers list of your ntp.conf file, or can synchronize one time with the -q option, as follows:
ntpd -q [IP address of your server]

ntpdate:
If you still have ntpdate installed on another machine, you may use it to synchronize with your server as follows:
ntpdate [IP address of your server]

Note: if you are running ntpd on a machine and for some reason still want to use ntpdate to set the time, you must use the -u option.
Windows:
Windows machines use a simplified version of NTP called Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP), and can synchronize with NTP servers. In order to synchronize with your new server, double click on the time and go to the "Internet Time" tab. Put the IP address of your server in the "Server" field. I have attached a screenshot of Windows XP synchronizing with a LAN time server, should anybody be interested.
That's it! The entire process is not hard, but can be confusing to somebody who hasn't dealt much with the NTP network before. I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any problems setting up your server.
Mike
Links
I found the following links helpful... you may, too!

https://help.ubuntu.com/7.10/server/C/NTP.html
http://linuxwave.blogspot.com/2007/0...tp-server.html
http://lists.ntp.isc.org/pipermail/q...er/011889.html
http://www.linuxhomenetworking.com/w...Fntp.conf_File
http://www.ntp.org/ntpfaq/NTP-a-faq.htm


How do I set up a partition to use for local files [18.04]

Using a live CD:

Move your ~10GB of data on your /dev/sda4 to a single new folder.
Move everything under your /home folder to /dev/sda4.
Edit your system's /etc/fstab to add a permanent mount of /dev/sda4 at /home, that has now become empty folder on your root filesystem.

reboot!


How do I change the backlight intensity / brightness of external display ASUS Screenpad

Check this fix for asus-wmi kernel module by Plippo (well documented, easy to install). These are the current instructions, but please check in case they have been updated

To install and use this module using dkms:

Please make sure that you are running the kernel that you want to install the module for. So if you did a kernel update, please reboot first so the installation uses the correct kernel version.

Install DKMS using the method of your distribution. Debian/Ubuntu/etc.:
sudo apt install dkms

In addition to that, you need to have the headers for your current kernels installed. Most distributions provide a package for that. E.g. Ubuntu:
sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r)

Create a directory for the module and download the source code
sudo mkdir /usr/src/asus-wmi-1.0
cd /usr/src/asus-wmi-1.0
sudo wget 'https://github.com/Plippo/asus-wmi-screenpad/archive/master.zip'
sudo unzip master.zip
sudo mv asus-wmi-screenpad-master/* .
sudo rmdir asus-wmi-screenpad-master
sudo rm master.zip

Now the source code should be in /usr/src/asus-wmi-1.0. It's important that the folder is called exactly like that because DKMS expects that. Alternatively you can of course also clone this git repository into that folder.

If not using kernel 5.4: Call the following script to download and patch files fitting to your kernel version
sudo sh prepare-for-current-kernel.sh

Register the module with DKMS
sudo dkms add -m asus-wmi -v 1.0

Build and install the module to the current kernel
sudo dkms build -m asus-wmi -v 1.0
sudo dkms install -m asus-wmi -v 1.0

From now on, DKMS will automatically rebuild the module on every kernel update.

After rebooting, you should now find a new device in /sys/class/leds/asus::screenpad. To set the brightness of the screen, simply call
echo XXX | sudo tee '/sys/class/leds/asus::screenpad/brightness'

where XXX is a value between 0 and 255 (0 turns the screen completely off, 255 sets it to maximum brightness). To allow every user to set the brightness without using sudo, call
sudo chmod a+w '/sys/class/leds/asus::screenpad/brightness'

Now you can set the brightness by simply executing
echo XXX > '/sys/class/leds/asus::screenpad/brightness'

chmod has to be executed again after every reboot, so it is advisable to add the call to a boot script, e.g. /etc/rc.local.

You can now also use the functionality of your Desktop Environment to map the function keys on the keyboard to actions of your choice. For example, you can create a script that toggles the state of the screenpad and map it to the "Toggle ScreenPad" key.

Removing or reinstalling
If you want to re-download and reinstall the kernel module (maybe because there have been changes in the code), you have to remove the old one first, calling
sudo dkms remove -m asus-wmi -v 1.0 --all
sudo rm -r /usr/src/asus-wmi-1.0

Then repeat the steps above from step 2 on.

There are also some other workarounds discussed in this GitHub issue.


VLC media player suddenlly stopped playing .m2ts files?

I found out what the problem is.
it is because there is a subtitle file in the same directory of the .m2ts file.
I placed it but I never thought that this might be the problem so I didn't mentioned it.
I removed the subtitle and the file worked correctly, I placed the file again and it stopped working.
ridiculous.


How to compile Geany from source on 17.10

Let's see:

$ git clone https://github.com/geany/geany.git
Cloning into 'geany'...
remote: Counting objects: 59949, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (46/46), done.
remote: Total 59949 (delta 46), reused 13 (delta 10), pack-reused 59893
Receiving objects: 100% (59949/59949), 55.25 MiB | 2.76 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (47843/47843), done.

Then

$ cd geany && ls
AUTHORS             COMMITTERS    data                geany.gladep      geany.spec.in  m4           po                README.rst  tests
autogen.sh          configure.ac  doc                 geany.nsi.in      HACKING        Makefile.am  README            scintilla   THANKS
ChangeLog           COPYING       geany.desktop.in    geany.pc.in       icons          NEWS         README.I18N       scripts     TODO
ChangeLog.pre-1-22  ctags         geany.exe.manifest  geany_private.rc  INSTALL        plugins      README.Packagers  src

so we can see that the cloned repository has a configure.ac file, but no configure. Referring to the included README file:

  Installing from a Git clone
  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++

  Install Autotools (automake, autoconf and libtool), intltool,
  and the GLib development files before running any of the following
  commands, as well as rst2html from Docutils (see above for details).
  Then, run ./autogen.sh and then follow the instructions for
  installing from a release tarball_.

so the answer is that we must run autogen.sh first and then follow the rest of the instructions:

$ ./autogen.sh
$ ./configure
$ make
(as root, or using sudo)
% make install

If you don't want the HTML documentation, then (as suggested) replace ./configure by

./configure --disable-html-docs


Can't connect to WPA Enterprise wifi after upgrading from 15.10 to 16.04

After some searching around I've managed to fix it by downgrading wpasupplicant to version 2.1, deleting the connection and adding it back again, and restarting network-manager.

Got the solution from here, although I had no issue when I updated to 15.10:
After upgrade to 15.10 Wifi to a corporate network (WPA2) is not working anymore


How to enable scrolling in Virtual Machine?

Yes, there is1, but unless you have a valid reason to do so, don't even bother using the VMware Player window for command-line stuff. Set up networking and use SSH instead. It's way more powerful than using an hardware-emulated display and graphics driver just for some plain commands.

You might also be interested in using byobu (with or without using SSH):

How to open a new tab in the server command line?

For related stuff to scrolling in command-line operations.
using a byobu and disconnected session how to see message on screen

which effectively is a question on how to scroll in Byobu.

A question on Unix&Linux very similar to yours:

small screen in virtualbox installed OSs

VirtualBox is not different from VMware regarding your question.

1
If you really insist on scrolling in a regular TTY (has many flaws): Shift + PageUp

And copy/paste within the same TTY: sudo apt-get install gpm to get a mouse pointer.

But really, those two above are not for daily use!


launching executable from /usr/local/bin needs access to local file

Instead of the symbolic link you can create a wrapper script in /usr/local/bin:

#! /bin/sh
cd /opt/octane
exec ./octane "$@"

Make the script executable with chmod +x /usr/local/bin/octane.

The "$@" are the command line arguments, so you can still run octane an_argument.

The script changes the CWD (current working directory) only inside the script, because the script is run in a whole new shell instance which ends at the end of the script. Changing the current working directory for the executable might actually be a problem if you want to give a relative pathname to the executable. E.g. if you are in your home directory and run octane a_file_in_the_home_directory, it doesn't work, because the octane executable is called with a CWD of /opt/octane, and a_file_in_the_home_directory is not in /opt/octane. If that is a concern, you can either remember to give absolute pathnames only (octane ~/a_file_in_the_home_directory) or use a more complicated version of the script.


Upgrade path from 16.04 to 20.04 LTS without GUI change

First, if you're looking for stability, then you must wait till June for the first point release of 20.04.

Second, you cannot upgrade 16.04 directly to 20.04. You first need to reach 18.04 and then 20.04. Amid this, you'll definitely lose Unity as 18.04 uses GNOME. But, guess what you can also customize your Ubuntu replacing GNOME with Unity later on.

Lastly, without GUI? Yes, you can use the single-line command for upgradation:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

sudo do-release-upgrade

You can also configure it for checking any new release version, in case it is configured for checking only LTS release. For the same, update the file:

sudo vim /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

Change 'Prompt=normal' or 'Prompt=lts'

If you're not able to get Ubuntu 20.04, use development version using the command:

sudo do-release-upgrade -d


How to make my proxy settings change depending on the network I connect to?

I can think of one way, but setting it up will be a bit obscure.

Basically you could use a PAC file

Install a web server on your system, any tiny web server will do, you don't need a huge system like apache.

Create a file wpad.dat with PAC directives that match based on your source address, and then configure your system to use the correct proxy.

In firefox, configure the proxy to point at your local PAC file.  It would probably be something like http://localhost/wpad.dat.

Your PAC file might look somewhat like this (untested).  See here for more PAC examples.

function FindProxyForURL(url, host) {
  // If on a internal/LAN IP address, send traffic direct.
  if (isInNet(myIpAddress(), "10.10.1.0", "255.255.255.0"))
  {
    return "PROXY 1.2.3.4:8080; PROXY 4.5.6.7:8080; DIRECT";
  }
  else
  {
    return "DIRECT";
  }
}

I have never tried it, and I am not at a system to test, but you may even be able to specify the PAC file using a file:// URL in firefox, which would mean you could skip setting up the web server.

Of course there is also the quick and easy solution, but it does require a little effort on your part as you move between locations.  Install the Quick Proxy Firefox extension, and just click the button on your tool bar to toggle the proxy on or off.  If you are willing to deal with this with a Firefox extension you can also try FoxyProxy, it supports setting up multiple proxy profiles, and you can easily switch between profiles.


Ubuntu Samba Server is Taking a Long Time to Load Directories

I dont have the definitive answer to this problem, but i experienced a similar problem with the follow system links enabled in the smb.conf file.

What are the specs of the machine you are using? ( I doubt this has a major effect)

Have you tried using a system monitoring tool like Glances to watch the performance of your server as you access these folders, a good guide to installation can be found on This answer.

If you add your smb.conf file into your original question it may provide more insight (Please strip all the default comments if you are going to do so)


Eeebuntu inexperienced user, forgot my username but I know my password how can I find it without logging in?

Enter to a root shell in recovery mode in the way it's explained here:  https://askubuntu.com/a/24024/16395

When you have the shell, execute the command:

cat /etc/passwd

your login name should appear near the end:

ubu:x:1000:1000:Ubuntu Start,,,:/home/ubu:/bin/bash
rmano:x:1333:1001:Romano Gtti,,,:/home/rmano:/bin/zsh
geoclue:x:117:127::/var/lib/geoclue:/bin/false

you see mine here: ubu and rmano...

Now you can reboot and enter in the system with your user and password.


Is there a hotkey to toggle between the two panes only in Nautilus (with Extra Pane/F3 mode)?

F6 switches between the two panes. You don't need to use Tab and Shift + Tab. This works on 10.04.


How to compile KeePassX 0.4 under Ubuntu 18.04?

After you download the source (currently the latest version of the 0.4 series is 0.4.4).

Extract the Tarball

tar -xvf keepassx-0.4.4.tar.gz

Fix the Source

The build process currently fails as standard in Ubuntu 18.04 due to a missing include directive. This needs to be added as follows:

Open the source file keepassx/src/lib/random.cpp using a text editor.
Add the line #include <unistd.h> immediately before the line #include <QCryptographicHash> and save the file.

After editing, the random.cpp file should look like:

...
#include <unistd.h>
#include <QCryptographicHash>
...

Install the Dependencies

sudo apt install qt4-default libxtst-dev build-essential

Build and Install

Ensure you are in the root folder of the source (~/Downloads/keepassx-0.4.4 for example).

qmake
make
sudo checkinstall make install

KeePassX V0.4.4 should now be available within the launcher.


As i see in sda1 there is Windows, so do not worry.
Try to install grub-customizer from this code:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer

sudo apt update

sudo apt install grub-customizer

Then you have to search(Win command) grub customizer and make sure that grub works, and there is Windows Boot Manager


Install some dependencies

sudo apt-get install python-appdirs
sudo apt-get install python-wxgtk2.8
sudo apt-get install python-h5py

Download the Linux source package here
Extract the archive

sudo unzip ~/Downloads/GenX-2.4.2-source.zip -d /opt

Test the installation

python /opt/genx/genx.py

Set the executable bit

sudo chmod +x /opt/genx/genx.py

Create a desktop file

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/genx.desktop &

and add the content below.

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=GenX
Comment=GenX
Type=Application
Exec=/opt/genx/genx.py
Icon=/opt/genx/debian_build/genx_128x128.png
Categories=
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=true
Save the file and close your editor
Start GenX from Dash/GNOME Shell

Maybe it is also possible to create a DEB papckage because we have a debian_build folder,
but for me ... this method did not work.


Check if a cronjob still writes to a log file

You may want to use a handy little tool like the Crontab Generator to build the job definition. To run a job hourly, you can do something like this:
0 * * * * /path/to/script.sh > /path/to/output/log_$(date +\%Y-\%m-\%d).txt >/dev/null 2>&1

From there, you can have your PHP script use the filemtime function to get the last time the file was modified. If the cron job takes X seconds to run and the output file has a modification date under X+60 seconds (or any number you're comfortable with), then you can have the script read the data and process it however you wish.


What app can I use to build some 3D geometrical shapes like circles, cylinders etc

I'd recommend Blender.

Blender is a professional, free and open-source 3D computer graphics software toolset used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, interactive 3D applications and video games. Blender's features include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, raster graphics editing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, sculpting, animating, match moving, camera tracking, rendering, motion graphics, video editing and compositing. It further features an integrated game engine.

Get it from
https://www.blender.org/
or

sudo apt-get install blender


Yes it can be installed on the desktop no bother.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Installation

Ubuntu's documentation is very good and will guide you through installing it and setting it up. If you are working on a Ubuntu with a desktop environment then install this package to manage your virtual machines.

sudo apt-get install virt-manager

Bill


This seems like a verry common problem. You could try installing kubuntu-restricted-extras:

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-restricted-extras

Or check if your user is in the cdrom group by typing    groups into the konsole.
Or this could be a bug.


Why is Power Statistics showing grossly incorrect battery power?

Posting as an answer as it needs some more explanation besides "close it - it's a bug!".

  Why is this happening ?

This is a bug. Could be in the GUI, upower frontend or in the kernel. I can't tell really, but, go here:

How do I report a bug?

  Can this damage the battery or my laptop in any way ?

No, Ubuntu does not control the power controller and in most cases it can't do anything with it besides reading states (exception here are Thinkpads with the fancy thinkpad-smapi module).


creating link to files on external server

Assuming your server is Linux or Unix, I'd suggest setting up NFS share or Samba share on the server.


Running windows7 on ubuntu Virtual Box for games

Look, i don't recomend you run a game under virtualbox (if the game is a low graphic before accelerations graphic , like starcraft 1, doom 1 and prince of percia, no problem, but with virtual box, is 99% chance of don't run (like warcraft 3).

Try "PlayOnLinux" , can a lot of games under wine ...


How to have multiple sites using Apache2?

Edited my answer after some reading in the Apache docs: Technically, you can state a domain in VirtualHost, but it is discouraged because it can have unexpected effects with DNS. I assume that happened with your config.

In your Apache configuration you used the VirtualHost directive in a possibly problematic way. You stated the domain name in it, e. g. <VirtualHost restaurant.local>. But this is discouraged in favor of stating the servers IP address. The domain name(s) get defined inside the VirtualHost block, for example with ServerName or ServerAlias.

In the VirtualHost directive, you can state the IP address you want to your virtual host to listen at, plus the port:

<VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80>

This virtual host definition only gets applied if a client (in most cases, a web browser) connects to IP 127.0.0.1 on port 80. Because 127.0.0.1 is (in almost every case) the internal loopback device, this virtual host can only be reached from the server itself. Of course, on public servers you would rather use a public IP address.

If you want to apply a virtual host definition to any IP (that reaches the server on the network level), you can use the * wildcard, for example:

<VirtualHost *:80>


Can I set a timeout for copying files in Ubuntu?

If you have a failing disk your priority is taking a raw disk image and getting that somewhere safe.

Before we get there, this is where I suggest that USB isn't a great idea. It's slow and not nearly raw enough for data-recovery programs to accurately gauge the issue. That's not to say that USB won't work (it might) but a real SATA connection will do you the world of good, as well as being faster.

GNU's ddrescue (from the gddrescue package) seems to be the best option to make the clone though that's probably subjective and subject to change in time.

From there, you have tools like testdisk, and photorec to untangle broken files and rescue anything that fell through the cracks (eg broken file headers) back to a live filesystem.

Note that data-recovery tools like ddrescue specifically skips over broken bits the first time around. It'll get as good a copy as it possibly can the first time around and iteratively go back for broken data. That sort of answers your "timeout" question in itself.


Not much to go on so I will list some information on this hoping I can the problem you face:

The file is user-dirs.dirs
Permissions should be -rw------- (so chmod 600 user-dirs.dirs)
The owner and group need to be your user (so chown $USER:$USER user-dirs.dirs)
Mind that in Linux Desktop is not the same as desktop
In /etc/xdg/ there is a default file in case you need to restore it of view how it should look like ( xdg-user-dirs-update --force resets your local version)


nginx: [emerg] socket() [::]:80 failed (97: Address family not supported by protocol)

From the error message this seems ipv6 is disabled on your server.
Edit nginx default server configuration and changed it to listen on ipv4 only or enable ipv6.

listen 80 default_server;
# comment to disable ipv6
# listen [::]:80 default_server;


Advice on Moving Partitions with Gparted After Cloning Drive to a larger one

You can move partitions with gparted. Start my moving the swap partition to the end of the drive. Select the parition and click the resize/move button. You can drag it to the end. Click apply to see it happen. This one should be pretty fast.

The moving of the other partitions will take a really long time as it has to move every piece of data in the partition. I would have a play with moving and resizing without hitting apply to figure out what you want to do. Then when you have the plan written down, perform each action one at a time.

Something like:

Move swap
grow sda3 to x  (this will fast as it is just adding empty spave on the end)
move sda3 (this will take a long time)
grow sda2 to y
move sda2
grow sda1 to the rest

As you can see you should to grow a partition before you move it as that will make it a lot easier to line up the new partitions.


Lenovo Flex 14 Fingerprint Sensor in Ubuntu

Your device is a Goodix Fingerprint sensor. Currently there is no driver for this device in Linux.
Dell is working with Goodix to provide drivers for some of their sensors that are used in Dell laptops and they said they will try to support a few other models too (using a closed source driver). Maybe your device will get a driver in future. Also there is an open issue about this device in libfprint repository:
https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/libfprint/libfprint/-/issues/173


Chrome launcher icon right click menu doesn't show option for opening new window

Uninstall Google Chrome and reinstall it this way, open a terminal and execute these commands :

sudo apt purge google-chrome-stable
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list
echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt update
sudo apt install google-chrome-stable

Now everything should work as expected.


How to install Eclipse using its installer

Here are all instructions. You have to create a desktop file, see the last point in my answer.

Download the installer here
Extract the archive, e.g the 64-bit version

tar xf eclipse-inst-linux64.tar.gz

Change your folder

cd eclipse-installer

Run the installer WITHOUT sudo to UPGRADE the installer

./eclipse-inst

Note the yellow exclamation mark in the top right corner.

Activate the hamburger menu to upgrade the installer.

Close the installer after the upgrade

Install Eclipse without OR with sudo rights

Without sudo to install Eclipse in your home folder

./eclipse-inst

select your Eclipse distribution

and use a path inside your home folder

OR with sudo to install Eclipse in /opt.

sudo ./eclipse-inst

select your Eclipse distribution

and use /opt as installation path

Finished

Create a desktop file

Crazy, we have a installer but no desktop files. Perhaps, this will be fixed in future versions of the installer. In the meantime:

nano ~/.local/share/applications/eclipse.desktop

and add the configuration below. Note, you have to change the pach for Exec and/or Icon if you have used a different location.

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Eclipse IDE
Comment=Eclipse Integrated Development Environment
Icon=/opt/eclipse/java-mars/eclips/icon.xpm
Exec=/opt/eclipse/java-mars/eclips/eclipse
StartupNotify=true
StartupWMClass=java-mars


You have installed Nvidia drivers from xorg-edgers ppa, and you have kernel 3.13. It may not be well.

I suggest removing xorg-edgers ppa and installing same driver from Ubuntu repository. Xorg-edgers pack for newer kernels.

 sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
 sudo ppa-purge ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install --reinstall nvidia-331


Is it better to run Linux distros live or installed on VirtualBox?

I'd recommend installed versions. Reasons:

You can keep them lean and fast by uninstalling unneeded software
Installations make better use of your hardware profile (e.g. 64bit/32bit, CPU)
Pre-built images of major distribution installations are available for download, here or here

Live versions are usually reset to factory settings when rebooted, so they might be no use for you anyway.


Easily switch network proxy on and off in Ubuntu 17.04

You can create alias for this.

First at all, i'm using .bashrc:

export {http,https,ftp}_proxy="http://user:pass@domain:port"
export no_proxy="site.com"

If you already have set your proxy you can do this in your .bash_aliases:

export proxyEnv="export {http,https,ftp}_proxy"
alias updateEnv=". .bashrc"
alias unsetProxy="unset http_proxy && unset https_proxy && unset ftp_proxy"
alias proxyOn="sudo sed -i -e 's/#$proxyEnv/$proxyEnv/g' .bashrc && updateEnv"
alias proxyOff="sudo sed -i -e 's/$proxyEnv/#$proxyEnv/g' .bashrc && updateEnv && unsetProxy"

now update your alias:

source .bash_aliases

and you can use proxyOff and proxyOn for enable or disable.


To clean some packages laying around, run the following:

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean

If you are in search for a more in depth cleaning, use the Ubuntu Tweak Utility.

Install

The Ubuntu Tweak Stable PPA by Ding Zhou, support Ubuntu 7.10 till 14.04.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

Usage

Click the janitor tab, select what you want to scan, check what you want to delete, and then press the clean button to cleanse your system.


"/usr/lib/cups/filter/pstoufr2cpca failed" error when trying to print from a Canon MF8030cn

A native 64-bit driver package is now available!

The only real solution is to install the native 64-bit drivers, but unfortunately Canon only provides 32-bit DEB packages.

After a lot of experimentation and a borrowed Canon MF4350dn all-in-one, I've managed to build the drivers and get them to work. They are available in a PPA.

How to install:

Important: you must first install the libxml2:i386 package (which pulls in the 32-bit libc6 and zlib packages which are also needed). This manual step is necessary because the alternative is to force people to install the 250 MB+ ia32-libs package.

Start by opening a terminal and typing:
sudo apt-get install libxml2:i386

Add the PPA with:
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:auanswers/canon64

Update with sudo apt-get update

Install the North American version:
sudo apt-get install cndrvcups-ufr2-us
or the European version
sudo apt-get install cndrvcups-ufr2-uk

Make sure your printer's device in Settings...Printing is the cnusb: device:

Help! I got a warning, installation failed, now what!?

This just means you forgot to install the i386 dependencies. Type sudo apt-get install libc:i386 zlib1g:i386 libxml2:i386, and then try again with sudo apt-get install cndrvcups-ufr2-us (or -uk)


How can I receive syslog logs from a networked system?

The host receiving the logs will need to be running some syslog daemon that is configured to listen for remote logs.  There are a number of syslog implementations in Ubuntu, but rsyslog is typically recommended, and should be installed by default.  I can't tell from the documentation in the link you posted if DD-WRT is sending logs via TCP or UDP, so it may require some experimentation to find precisely the correct settings, if you are concerned about reducing the number of network-accessible ports on your host.

There are two ways to enable this: the first is simpler, but may require re-integration when the system is upgraded.  The second is slightly more complicated, and may cause confusing results if there are significant changes to the syslog configuration as part of an update.  I would choose the second, but your preference may vary.

The first is to edit /etc/rsyslogd.conf, and remove the initial # from the following lines:

#$ModLoad imudp
#$UDPServerRun 514

or

#$ModLoad imtcp
#$InputTCPServerRun 514

The second is to create a new file, perhaps named local-enable-tcp.conf in /etc/rsyslog.d/, with the following contents:

# enable TCP syslog reception
$ModLoad imtcp
$InputTCPServerRun 514

If you want to use the separate file approach, and need UDP, change the contents to match the UDP stanza above.  The specific filename is not important, but it is recommended to start it with "local-" as this namespace is reserved for local administrator configuration, and it must end with ".conf", as only files ending like this are automatically included in the rsyslog configuration.

If you would prefer to use another syslog implementation, check the configuration and documentation for that implementation: it is likely that the syslog daemon is configured not to listen on the network by default, but example configuration to enable this common case ought be clearly documented.


I reinstalled xorg and gdm3. I still have the error but mythfrontend is running now. Still don't know what the error is.


Installing CUDA Toolkit for Ubuntu 18.04

Can you post your log file because this can help us in debugging this issue.Check using ls if the file is created or not.If not,you can use the .deb method mentioned beside the runfile method which usually works for ubuntu based systems.


Ubuntu 18.04.5 Kernel Update causes Xorg/X11 to crash in Hyper-V VM

I had the exact same problem. I was able to recover by rerunning the Windows Tools for Ubuntu setup for Enhanced session here: How to install Ubuntu 20.04 on Hyper-V with enhanced session. Follow steps under "Setup Enhanced Session" until the end. This assumes that you have Console or CLI access to the Ubuntu guest OS (CTRL-ALT-F2 to open a new console).


What hash algorithm is used for passwords stored in shadow in 11.10?

Since Ubuntu 8.10, SHA-512.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features

in particular for Ubuntu 11.10

http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/oneiric/en/man3/crypt.3.html


Disable KDE Launcher - Browser history integration

For KDE 4:
Copy /usr/share/kde4/services/plasma-runner-bookmarks.desktop
→ ~/.kde/share/kde4/services/plasma-runner-bookmarks.desktop

For KDE 5:
Copy /usr/share/kservices5/plasma-runner-bookmarks.desktop
→ ~/.local/share/kservices5/plasma-runner-bookmarks.desktop

Replace a line X-KDE-PluginInfo-EnabledByDefault=false.

Relogin.

Shorthand for the above:

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/kservices5
sed 's/EnabledByDefault=true/EnabledByDefault=false/' \
    /usr/share/kservices5/plasma-runner-bookmarks.desktop \
    > ~/.local/share/kservices5/plasma-runner-bookmarks.desktop


It's a known and open bug, read here, and I can reproduce this error.

I have copied the following from here, all credits go to @Schwern.

  Build.PL is trying to call a function called prompt but it doesn't
  exist.  This is because they recently switched build systems from
  ExtUtils::MakeMaker (Makefile.PL) to Module::Build (Build.PL) but
  didn't fully convert the program.  I've reported the
  bug.

  Most people don't notice this because the prompting is only necessary
  if GD can't configure itself.  It does this by looking for the
  gdlib-config program.  If that can't be found, or it doesn't work, it
  will ask you for your gdlib configuration.  It's best to let
  gdlib-config take care of that.  Best way to solve this problem is to
  make sure gdlib-config is somewhere in your PATH and that
  gdlib-config --all works.

  Otherwise replace all the instances of prompt with
  Module::Build->prompt and it should work.

And here is the problematic code in Build.pl

my $PREFIX = $lib_gd_path;
if( ! defined($lib_gd_path) )
{
  warn "\n";
  $PREFIX = prompt('Where is libgd installed?','/usr/lib');
}

and here

my ($JPEG, $FT, $XPM, $GIF,$ANIMGIF,$UNCLOSEDPOLY,$FONTCONFIG,$PNG,$FTCIRCLE,$VERSION_33);
if( defined($options) )
{
  $JPEG      = $options =~ m/JPEG/i;
  $FT        = $options =~ m/FT|FREETYPE/i;
  $XPM       = $options =~ m/XPM/i;
  $GIF       = $options =~ m/GIF/i;
  $PNG       = $options =~ m/PNG/i;
  $ANIMGIF   = $GIF && $options =~ m/ANIMGIF/i;
  $VERSION_33= $options =~ m/VERSION_33/i;
  $UNCLOSEDPOLY  = $options =~ m/UNCLOSEDPOLY/i;
  $FONTCONFIG  = $options =~ m/FONTCONFIG/i;
  $FTCIRCLE  = $options =~ m/FTCIRCLE/i;
}
else
{
    warn "\nPlease choose the features that match how libgd was built:\n";
    $JPEG    = lc prompt('Build JPEG support?','y') eq 'y';
    $PNG     = lc prompt('Build PNG support?','y') eq 'y';
    $FT      = lc prompt('Build FreeType support?','y') eq 'y';
    $GIF     = lc prompt('Build GIF support?','y') eq 'y';
    $ANIMGIF = $GIF && lc prompt('Build support for animated GIFs?','y') eq 'y';
    $XPM     = $^O !~ /^freebsd|MSWin32$/ && lc prompt('Build XPM support?','y') eq 'y';
}

and so on.


List of Ubuntu Mirror with x86 and armhf

Each mirror admin decides which architectures they will mirror.

There are two consolidated lists of mirrors (mirrors.ubuntu.com and the Launchpad Archive Mirrors), but neither tracks architectures.


The best way to correctly install gcc-4.9 and set it as your default gcc version use:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.9 g++-4.9
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.9

The --slave, with g++, will cause g++ to be switched along with gcc, to the same version. But, at this point gcc-4.9 will be your only version configured in update-alternatives, so add 4.8 to update-alternatives, so there actually is an alternative, by using:

sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8

Then you can check which one that is set, and change back and forth using:

sudo update-alternatives --config gcc

NOTE: You could skip installing the PPA Repository and just use /usr/bin/gcc-4.9-base but I prefer using the fresh updated toolchains.

For GCC 5.X or 6, the packages (and correspondingly, the commands) are just called gcc-5, gcc-6, etc. This is due to the change in GCC's version scheme, where 5.1 is the first GCC 5 release, and future 5.X releases are for bug fixes.


You need to boot from the USB stick instead of Windows.
You will have to select the boot device during POST (just after you turn on the PC) by pressing a specific button. (It should say which one on the display).

As described in the comments, you need create an UEFI bootable USB stick by using f.e. this tool.


VPS apache config - Invalid command 'PassengerDefaultRuby' after adding latest passenger gem

Got it!

you need to have a default ruby assigned at root level, the other ones you'll set in sites-enabled configuration files. For example, in my apache2.conf file:

   LoadModule passenger_module /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/passenger-4.0.19/buildout/apache2/mod_passenger.so
   PassengerRoot /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/passenger-4.0.19
   PassengerDefaultRuby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-2.0.0-p247/ruby

then in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mysite that fires up the app that should work in ruby-1.9.3 I'll add PassengerRuby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3-p194/ruby:

<VirtualHost xxx.xx.xx.xx:80>
  PassengerRuby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3-p194/ruby
  ServerName mysite.md
  DocumentRoot /home/apps/myapp/public
  <Directory /home/apps/myapp>
     AllowOverride None
     Options -MultiViews
  </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

for the app that works with ruby-2.0 no need to add PassengerRuby option as ruby-2.0 is the default one now.

Also if you have other rvm passenger modules loaded in apache2.config file, like in my case I had:

#   LoadModule passenger_module /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/passenger-3.0.18/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so
#   PassengerRoot /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/passenger-3.0.18
#   PassengerRuby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3-p194/ruby

you'll need to remove them or comment them as I did, as you'll load the ruby version in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mysite config file.


Playing a video in full screen after startup

Search for Startup Applications in dash and open it.
Open the Startup Applications and click Add
Fill the fields as follows replacing <my_username> by your username and the following path by the video path where <the_video.mp4> is the video:

Name:    Open my awesome video
Command: vlc -L -f <video_path>
Comment: You can leave me blank

vlc: yes, you guessed it! it's the command.
-L: Plays the video infinitely (when it ends, then starts again).
-f: Puts in fullscreen automatically.
<video_path>: The absolute path of the video. A valid path is this:

/home/johndoe/Desktop/my_awesome_movie.mp4

Where johndoe is the user.


installing the libopenal1:i386 should help ; at least it did work on my station.

You need to open a terminal (ctrl + alt + t) and then type :

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install libopenal1:i386


Mouse flickering on laptop display when external monitor is used (19.10)

The best solution seems to be not to use Wayland and lower built in display to 1080p.

Connect monitor
Lower built in display to 1920x1080
Set scaling to 100% on both

Tested on driver nvidia-440

When disconnecting the monitor the resolution will set the built in display back to 4k so you shouldn't notice any difference between docked/undocked, except for the obvious loss of quality when watching videos etc (while docked).


Will deleting files on my computer delete them them in Ubuntu one?

No, this can't be done, and I don't see it happening either because the idea of synchronizing everything but deletes is fundamentally against the way we think sync should work.

Unless what you want is to be able to undelete the file at any point in the future... that is something else, and entirely possible.


Download packages (different architecture) different Ubuntu version

Try using dpkg-offline. Install bzr, then:

bzr branch lp:dpkg-offline

there's a tutorial and a readme file included in there.

Assuming you want to install git on an Ubuntu 14.04 amd64 system, even if your system is e.g. 12.04 i386, you can:

download the ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso image
Run dpkg-offline ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso git
You'll obtain a tar.gz which you can transport to the target system, it will contain the seed package (git) and all its dependencies. It also includes a helper script to add a local repository, so you can use apt-get to install your packages.

Disclaimer: I wrote dpkg-offline.


Try the rmadison command, included with the devscripts package. It's a simple python3 script (you can edit it) that queries the madison databases for each release.
Here's an example of rmadison in action. Let's look at the chromium-browser package, which changed a couple years ago. The deb package was replaced by a placeholder that merely installs the snap package. You can easily see the difference.
$ rmadison chromium-browser
 chromium-browser | 18.0.1025.151~r130497-0ubuntu1                | precise/universe          | source, amd64, armel, armhf, i386
 chromium-browser | 32.0.1700.107-0ubuntu0.12.04.1~20140204.866.1 | precise-security/universe | armel
 chromium-browser | 32.0.1700.107-0ubuntu0.12.04.1~20140204.866.1 | precise-updates/universe  | armel
 chromium-browser | 34.0.1847.116-0ubuntu2                        | trusty/universe           | source, amd64, armhf, i386
 chromium-browser | 37.0.2062.120-0ubuntu0.12.04.4                | precise-security/universe | source, amd64, armhf, i386
 chromium-browser | 37.0.2062.120-0ubuntu0.12.04.4                | precise-updates/universe  | source, amd64, armhf, i386
 chromium-browser | 49.0.2623.108-0ubuntu1.1233                   | xenial/universe           | source, amd64, armhf, i386
 chromium-browser | 65.0.3325.181-0ubuntu0.14.04.1                | trusty-security/universe  | source, amd64, armhf, i386
 chromium-browser | 65.0.3325.181-0ubuntu0.14.04.1                | trusty-updates/universe   | source, amd64, armhf, i386
 chromium-browser | 65.0.3325.181-0ubuntu1                        | bionic/universe           | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386
 chromium-browser | 80.0.3987.163-0ubuntu1                        | focal/universe            | source, amd64, arm64, armhf
 chromium-browser | 89.0.4389.90-0ubuntu0.16.04.2                 | xenial-security/universe  | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386
 chromium-browser | 89.0.4389.90-0ubuntu0.16.04.2                 | xenial-updates/universe   | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386
 chromium-browser | 89.0.4389.90-0ubuntu0.18.04.2                 | bionic-security/universe  | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386
 chromium-browser | 89.0.4389.90-0ubuntu0.18.04.2                 | bionic-updates/universe   | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386
 chromium-browser | 1:85.0.4183.83-0ubuntu0.20.04.2               | focal-updates/universe    | source, amd64, arm64, armhf
 chromium-browser | 1:85.0.4183.83-0ubuntu2                       | groovy/universe           | source, amd64, arm64, armhf
 chromium-browser | 1:85.0.4183.83-0ubuntu2                       | hirsute/universe          | source, amd64, arm64, armhf


There is application called seahorse (I don't know why this name, but you can find it under "Passwords and keys" in your applications), which stores your passwords, gpg keys and also ssh keys and does basically the same as ssh-agent or gnome-keyring.

If you don't want your computer to remember the passphrase, just remove the key from the "OpenSSH keys" list and it should do the job.


Getting XMMS2 to connect to streaminig audio

The approach described in this website worked fine for me.
OS: Lubuntu 20.04, with PulseAudio
To summarize:

Start xmms2, and set the environment variable core.ipcsocket by running

xmms2> server config core.ipcsocket "unix:///tmp/xmms-ipc-<your_username>;tcp://[::]:9667"

or by editing the core.ipcsocket tag in ~/.config/xmms2/xmms2.conf

Verify xmms2 can see the change by running

xmms2> server config core.ipcsocket
core.ipcsocket = unix:///tmp/xmms-ipc-<your_username>;tcp://[::]:9667

and ensuring the output comes out as above, with no errors.

xmms2 must show the opened port in netstat on a command prompt, now

netstat -an | grep 9667
tcp6       0      0 :::9667         :::*            LISTEN

That was it, pretty much

xmms2> add http://netpd.org:8010/64k.mp3
xmms2> play

had audio pop out with not much fuss. Not sure if all this effort can be short circuited by just installing a client like lxmusic, which seems to be the latest stable xmms2 client.


Software to run exFAT

Depending on the version of Ubuntu or Ubuntu based operating system you may or may not need to install the following program packages,

sudo apt-get install exfat-utils exfat-fuse

See this link for more details,

How do I copy a file larger than 4GB to a USB flash drive?

Mounting exFAT

Many versions of Ubuntu and Ubuntu based operating systems will mount Microsoft file systems (FAT32, exFAT, NTFS) with read/write permissions automatically for root as well as the current user.

But some versions (of Ubuntu and Ubuntu based operating systems) will mount them with write permissions only for root (or not at all). Then you can unmount and remount (mount) the file system with commands like this,

Create mountpoint (only if you want a new mountpoint)

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/sd1

Unmount (only if already mounted)

sudo umount /dev/sdxn   # general syntax
sudo umount /dev/sdb1   # modify to match your case

Check your userID's uid number (it is usually 1000, sometimes 1001 or 1002 ...)

grep ^"$USER" /etc/group

and use that number if you want to grab ownership (default is root).

Example of mount command line that should give you something that is close to what you want,

sudo mount -o rw,users,uid=1000,dmask=007,fmask=117 /dev/sdxn /mnt/sd1  # general syntax
sudo mount -o rw,users,uid=1000,dmask=007,fmask=117 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1  # modify to match your case

See this link for more details,

How to change default permissions on automounted usb flash, formatted in NTFS?


Dash to panel, change background color, transparency and font

So easy, as ussually. :)

I had to

Install some more extensions.

sudo apt install gnome-shell-extensions

Reboot.
Turn it on User themes in Tweaks / Extensions / User themes.

Thank you all for your helpfulness.


What are the common file extensions in Ubuntu?

File extension are up to the creator of the file. In Linux you can name something music.mp3 but if it is a text file it will open with gedit if that is your texteditor because it will look at the 1st bit/byte(?) where it says what kind of file it is.

When it comes to bash script it is considered best practise to not include .sh at the end. By omitting it you basically create a command so those do not tend to even have an extension. And those commands could be made in bash but also in perl or python.

So looking at the actual name of the file might be misleading!

Linux has a command file to find out what a file is. Syntax file *
Some random samples:

xxxx.sql:    UTF-8 Unicode text, with very long lines
xxxx.sql.gz: gzip compressed data, was "xxxx.sql", from Unix, last modified:
             Wed May 18 10:21:34 2011
yyyyy:       ASCII text
iffffff:     directory
ghgggg.tar:  POSIX tar archive (GNU)
fhhfhf.pl:   perl script text executable

For a list of extensions Fuddledumpy's post can be used and files ending on .pl will more than likely be perl scripts but to make sure use file.


Compiler error after upgrade to Ubuntu Bionic 18.04 and g++ 7.3.0

I had a very similar problem. Switching from system includes (-isystem) to regular includes (-I) "fixed" the build - at the cost of seeing compiler warnings about third party libraries.


What are the consequences of removing metapackages?

Of course you could. A metapackage is just a convenient way of bundling packages. Sure, they may come with stuff you don't immediately or ever need, but if at some point you decide that you need a desktop environment after all, you'll be happy about ubuntu-desktop or the like.

That said, I don't see any good reason why you should do so. Looking at the dependencies of ubuntu-standard, I find the vast majority of packages it installs are quite essential. Especially for administrating a system from the command line. The fact that you don't need an ftp client today, doesn't mean you won't need one in the future.

Furthermore, those aren't large packages. ftp takes about 140kB disk space. If the available space is that constraint, I think Ubuntu is not the right distribution for your needs.

Finally, if in a year or so you decide to upgrade to 16.04 LTS, you'll find yourself reinstalling that metapackage to make the release upgrade work.

Actually, there is one other thing. The packages installed through a metapackage are marked automatically installed. Meaning, if the metapackage is removed, the package system will suggest them for autoremoval unless you mark them as manually installed. Although I believe that is not the case for metapackages installed at system setup, only for those installed later. Take a look yourself and see if e.g ftp is marked auto or not: apt-mark showauto | grep ftp

In principle, if the dependencies of a metapackage change, you will miss out on those changes. You will still receive updates for the currently installed packages though, depending on which repositories are enabled.

If this happens in practice except with new releases I do not know, but I doubt it. The only prominent counterexample I can think of are the kernel metapackages. They will (on the desktop releases anyway) always point to the latest available kernel. Removing the metapackages will prevent new kernels from being installed. That may be wanted, but the better solution would be to hold the metapackage.

In my opinion you likely won't break anything, so I can't advise against it absolutely. But personally I don't think it worthwhile. At least not regarding such small and yet very handy tools.

Addendum: OP makes a compelling point in the comments below. Security must be taken very seriously especially in a server setting. Minimizing attack vectors includes getting rid of unneeded and unwanted software. If you find a piece of software that poses a potential security risk and is not necessary, by all means get rid of it!

On a server running a sensitive service, say Kerberos, I think it's really best practice to strip the system down to the essentials.

That said, since the question is about ubuntu-standard, I didn't see any harm with the packages installed. So I stand by my opinion :-)


Same thing happened with my system. I think you enable Secure Booting .
Check following link, it helps me to solve the issue.
Why do I get "Required key not available" when install 3rd party kernel modules or after a kernel upgrade?


Did you modify you php.ini at any time?. DLL extensions are for Windows; is really strange a error like that.

First, if your intention is work/test with various PHP's version I think something like phpbrew could fits better.

For you problem, search in the php.ini for the "Dynamic Extensions" sections.

For see what php.ini is using you could do:

$ php5.6 -i | grep -i 'configuration file'
Loaded Configuration File => /etc/php/php.ini

Then, in that file your dynamic extensions should be .so files, not .dll. Also you can try with different php.ini (I'm guessing could be more than one for the different versions) with the -c option:

$ php5.6 -c /etc/php/other/php.ini

If that works, maybe you could just replace the file :)


Here is how I found the BIOS date on my computer in Ubuntu 14.04. It requires root privileges to use this command.

sudo dmidecode -s bios-release-date

04/18/2011

If you want more information than just the BIOS date, this command will give you lots of information:

sudo dmidecode | more

# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
68 structures occupying 2501 bytes.
Table at 0x0009F000.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
    Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
    Version: 0402
    Release Date: 04/18/2011
    Address: 0xF0000
    Runtime Size: 64 kB
    ROM Size: 2048 kB


`sudo apt-get update` /`sudo apt-get upgrade` returned error for packages

The post-installation script blocks the system and in this case, the solution is simple, the post-removal and pre-removal scripts are ok. Therefore remove the package via

sudo apt-get remove android-studio

and I would say, also the PPA. There are more reliable methods to install Android Studio.

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:paolorotolo/android-studio


First of all, Apache2 and SFTP are different things - Apache2 is a HTTP server while SFTP is a file transfer protocol over SSH.  So I assume your question is "how to transfer file to a server installed with Apache2 with SFTP".

First of all, you need SSH server installed to enable SFTP.  You can verify if SSH server is installed with dpkg -s openssh-server.  If it is not installed, please install it sudo apt-get install openssh-server.  See more information on how to install OpenSSH Server at the other post.

If you have a firewall, remember to open port 22.


I use the following shell function to view manpages in Vim, which provides nice syntax highlighing:

man() {
  /usr/bin/man $* | \
    col -b | \
    vim -R -c 'set ft=man nomod nolist' -
}


For solving that type of error please install lib32 using following command:

sudo apt-get install lib32stdc++6

And then try starting/installing Xampp again.

Source: XAMPP is currently only availably as 32 bit application. Please use a 32 bit compatibility library for your system – Shrinath's Blog


systemctl status not showing CPU/Memory usage?

I have no idea why some hosts could but some couldn't, if you want a consistent behavior, you should enable memory accounting for a single unit or by default for all units by setting:

DefaultMemoryAccounting=yes

in /etc/systemd/system.conf and then doing:

systemctl daemon-reexec

Check out this list thread from the systemd developers, and systemd-system.conf[5].


Low latency in PureData(Pd) with Jack in Ubuntu Studio 12.04

Jack is probably your best option here. Ubuntu Studio is already prepared for low latency, with linux-lowlatency preinstalled, as well as realtime privileges being set up.

Use qjackctl to control jack. Read more about that here https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuStudio/ProAudioIntro#UbuntuStudio.2BAC8-ProAudioIntro.2BAC8-1204.Starting_Jack

Then, start pd from the command line, with:

 pd -rt -jack -alsamidi -audiobuf 10

If you have more questions, don't hesitate to get in touch with Ubuntu Studio users and devs. Find contact info here https://ubuntustudio.org/support/. We have a mail list, forum section, irc channels, google+ community, etc.

For puredata specific issues, there is a mail list, forum and also a IRC channel. Check out the puredata home page for more info on that.

I myself am often available on the IRC channel #ubuntustudio at irc.freenode.net

(I'm project lead of Ubuntu Studio and maintainer of linux-lowlatency)


Default login screen gone, how to revert?

Okay heres what to do-

open the terminal and enter the following command-

sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

then you will get the following screen-

click on okay.you will get this screen with lightdm as atleast one of the options.-

Select lightdm.Hit Enter and logout to get the desired screen :)


No sound on Ubuntu 16.04 with Intel Skylake chipset

Just spent hours solving a similar sound problem on my machine:

Answered Here: https://askubuntu.com/a/1019666/322860


Yes. Sometimes...

You can check the AppDB to see if your program is supported - for example, Euro Truck Simulator is rated Platinum (works great), while version 2 is rated Gold (may need some fixes).

Also, in Wine Configuration it is possible to select which Windows version to act as:

But I think this does not make that much difference unless a program checks specifically for which Windows version it wants, or if it requires something only available on that version.

Wine can implement DirectX if needed (Version 9 works, 10+ have more limited support). If you don't have it you can use Winetricks to install it (look for d3dx9 after running winetricks dlls - d3dx9_?? describes certain modules that may be needed). If you are using 64bit wine you will probably need to create a 32bit wineprefix first.

The game(s) require at least the following (source [v1] [v2]):

CPU:                Dual core CPU 2.4 GHz
RAM:                4 GB RAM
GPU:                GeForce GTS 450-class (Intel HD 4000)
DirectX:            DirectX 9.0c
OS:                 Windows 7
Storage:            2.0 GB free hard disk space
ODD:                DVD-ROM drive

Which I think your system with Wine can easily provide.


Installer is stuck when installing Ubuntu

The short answer is: No, you will not be able to turn it back on without restarting everything from the start.  The cause of this could be a number of things, including a bad CD/DVD, dirty DVD/CD lens, ...


Juju and the Openstack provider with an external objectstore service (or without it)

This is currently a limitation of Juju on OpenStack:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/juju-core/+bug/1456265

We are hoping to enable Juju without an object store in Juju 1.25, should be in beta in a week or so, but definitely one of the things we hope to fix soon!


The 1st part is just a normal update/upgrade.

The last part is about saving your package list and restoring them into a new system.

Let's say you have a crashed system and can get to a commandprompt.

pkg --get-selections|grep -v deinstall>ubuntu-files makes a file list of all installed packages (when using apt-get!). You save that file on a FDD, USB stick or disc.

After you installed your new system you copy that backup to /tmp/ and sudo dpkg --set-selections <./ubuntu-files will set it up and

apt-get -y update
apt-get dselect-upgrade

will install only those packages you had installed (with apt-get) in the older system.


The issue was due to not being inside the Arma 3 Dedicated Server folder, where arma3master is located. Despite running the executable with the absolute path, you still need to be within the folder that the executable is in.

The solution was to change directory to the executable folder.

$ cd /home/steam/arma3/arma3master/
$ /home/steam/arma3/arma3master/arma3server -name=server1 -profiles=/home/steam/arma3/arma3profiles
15:12:31 SteamAPI initialization failed. Steam features won't be accessible!
15:12:31 Initializing stats manager.
15:12:31 Stats config disabled.
15:12:31 sessionID: 48e7e271bbb26c6d5aea043682c0101f9e0b6f61
15:12:37 Updating base class RscShortcutButton->RscButton, by a3\editor_f\config.bin/RscDisplayEditObject/Controls/B_OK/ (original bin\config.bin)
# ...


Do I need to be concerned about browser security?

from my experience, as an average user I would say you don't have to worry so much about malware on linux than on windows. This might be very different if you are running servers with important content on it.
Since you have to approve anything that could be harmful to your core system (ie. anything that happens outside of /home) by giving your root password malware can't really affect your system settings, unless ofcourse you unknowingly grant them access.

So just stick to the rules...only download executable packages from trusted and/or well reviewed sources and NEVER run wine in sudo mode^^

Regarding the browsers I'd say either one is fine. I've used firefox for 3 years and I am now using Chromium for about a year and a half and I have never had problems with facebook hacks or anything like that.

From a very subjective point of view...I like the user experience with Chromium a little better though.


How do I take a screenshot of what is currently in vram?

Dumping the VRAM content should not work from userland. It would need support from the driver in the kernel. If you are lucky, your driver might contain triggers to dump the memory, but they may only be available if you compile certain debugging options.


Issues while installing Android Studio "android-studio-ide-141.1980579-linux" on Ubuntu 14.04

Edit:

are you trying to install it from within china? If yes then you might have a issue with the connection to google. Post post describes the same issue and was fixed by using a vpn. A proxy server would probably work too.

Try ubuntu make. It worked on my machine without any problems.

This article in the ubuntu wiki describes how to install ubuntu make and then android studio.

Hope it helps.


One of the most detrimental factors to battery service life is overcharging.
Old battery chargers were set to a voltage just above the batteries max voltage to ensure fully charging. That is why it used to be advised to remove the battery if primarily on A/C power.

To maximize battery service life, smart charger and smart battery technology was developed. The smart chip in the battery tells the charger how fast to charge it and when to stop charging: ie the battery throttles the charger,
and turns off the charger before reaching max designed charge. Thus, preventing overcharging.

energy full design is the maximum designed charge.
energy full  is the point where the battery turns of the charger.


How do I pull photos from my dead phone?

Okay, it won't show up on the command line but it should show up in nautilus or thunar in Ubuntu versions >=14.04. However, you may need to install some MTP stuff before Ubuntu will recognize the device.

First run the following commands to install a few libraries and packages:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gvfs-backends mtpfs jmtpfs libmtp-common mtp-tools libmtp-dev libmtp-runtime libmtp9

Next, plug the device in to the USB port, reboot, and then open up nautilus or thunar and the device should be listed on the left amongst your extra partitions and other external devices.


ubuntu dont have drive c, d, e, ... at all - thats something for windows.
in linux (ubuntu) type "mount" in your terminal to see mounted devices... if you dont see your drives take a look in /etc/dev (terminal): "cd /etc/dev && ls -lah | grep sd" then you should see the hard drives (sda, sdb, sdc etc. - and for each partition on your hard drive there is a number: sda1, sda2, sda3, ...)

"none-root" drives usually mounted to /media/...

if your are running gnome you should have a program called "gnome-disk-utility" that could help you (this is a gui)


I Recently Installed Ubuntu Desktop GUI Over My Ubuntu Server Install and I Broke Some Bash Commands

This smells like a problem with your aliases. You probably have something like

alias ls="ls -h .color=auto"

This is what I have:

alias ls='ls --color=auto'

After changing you need to reload the desktop!


You can use this:

ssh user@LAN_ADDRESS 'shutdown -P 0'

Press enter and put the password of the user declared in the command above, then this LAN PC will be powered off.

As was said, this LAN PC need to have a SSH Server installed. You can do this by running on this PC the follow command:

sudo apt-get install openssh-server


Is my gedit-latex-plugin working properly?

Your gedit installation is working fine. Someone forgot to disable debug messages in the version of gedit you have (see bug #584462 ). Upgrading your gedit-latex-plugin to the version in Ubuntu 11.04 (located here) will fix the problem, but you can invoke gedit in this way:

gedit file.tex 2> /dev/null &

as a workaround.


I've installed powershell in ubuntu 16.04 but when I type powershell in terminal it says command not found, how can I fix this?

The right command for starting powershell is pwsh not powershell
For complete installation please refer Install Powershell


Your lightdm log states that it can't start X and your x-0.log complains about a missing library.  Try installing libxfont1, but I suspect you may be missing other stuff.

[+1.34s] DEBUG: Stopping X local seat, failed to start a display

/usr/bin/X: error while loading shared libraries: libXfont.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

To install it:

sudo apt-get install libxfont1


Installing Ubuntu on a laptop with preinstalled windows 8 (UEFI) with two hard drives

I haven't done a dual disk install but many many single ones and I can't see any reason why during the install when presented with the disk partitioning option that you wouldn't see the D: drive and be able to partition it ... BEST FIRST ... though to log into Windows and shrink the D:\ drive volume creating a spare space of 50% of the 750 and then use that to install Ubuntu on to ...
I would add an image but I don't have enough reputation ... soz ...

JUST AS an add on ...make sure you choose "Something Else" option on the "Allocate Drive Space" page .. as I can't add the image !!!


Adding software source of "archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu Wily Main" in Trusty Tahr

Remove the Wily repo now!

Quickly before something does an automatic upgrade and you end up with a system that is completely boned.

Evolution relies on dozens of Gnome packages and systems so upgrading one will need you to upgrade another, which will need you to upgrade another. Do you see what I'm saying? You'll need to upgrade most of Gnome.

Because of all the dependencies, it's also pretty hard to compile just the bits you want. Again, you'll end up upgrading most of your system.

So with that in mind I can only suggest:

Waiting two months for Xenial
Upgrade to Wily (via Utopic and Vivid)


Where is `__FLT_MAX__` constant defined on Ubuntu?

__FLT_MAX__ is a pre-defined macro. You'll probably have to look inside the GCC source to see where it is defined, but it's easy to what it is defined to:

  The C preprocessor normally predefines several macros that indicate
  what type of system and machine is in use. They are obviously
  different on each target supported by GCC. This manual, being for all
  systems and machines, cannot tell you what their names are, but you
  can use cpp -dM to see them all.

So:

$ cpp -dM <<<'' | grep 'FLT_MAX'
#define __FLT_MAX_10_EXP__ 38
#define __FLT_MAX_EXP__ 128
#define __FLT_MAX__ 3.40282346638528859812e+38F


Writing a "Hello World" Device Driver for kernel 2.6 using Eclipse

I'm in almost same position with you. Following this istructions I have had success with building kernel itself, and a single module.

I added three steps (40~42) to main article to make Eclipse compile a specific driver, not whole kernel.

Download and install Eclipse plus the CDT.
Configure and build your kernel to define CONFIG_* and generate autoconf.h. This can be done before or after downloading and installing Eclipse.
Ensure that you have the right kernel source (e.g. make sure you are on the right git branch). If you check out another branch later, that's ok, but you will need to re-index the source, and that takes about 20 minutes.
Start up Eclipse.
Click File->New->C Project
Fill in a project name like my_kernel
Uncheck the Use default location box and type in the root directory of your kernel into the Location box.
In the Project type: pane, click the Makefile project and select Empty Project
On the right side, select Linux GCC
Click Advanced settings... and a Properties dialog will pop up.
Select Resource on the left, and then in the Text file encoding section, select Other and ISO-8859-1 in the box, then click Apply
Open the C/C++ General selection on the left.
Click on Preprocessor Include Paths
Select GNU C in the Languages list
Select CDT User Setting Entries in the Setting Entries list
Click on Add.... Choose Preprocessor Macros File from the top left dropdown, Project Path from the top right dropdown, and enter include/generated/autoconf.h into the File text box. (Note: for older kernels [pre-2.6.36?], the location of autoconf.h is include/linux/autoconf.h)
Also add any other macros files you are using.
Click on Indexer
Checkmark the Enable project specific setttings box.
Uncheck Index source files not included in the build
Clear out the Files to index up-front box.
Click on Paths and Symbols on the left.
Select the Includes tab and then select GNU C
Click Add...
Click Workspace... then select your kernel's include directory
Do another Add, Workspace and add arch/architecture/include, e.g., arch/powerpc/include
Click the # Symbols tab
Click Add...
Set the name to __KERNEL__
Set the value to 1 and click OK
Click the Source Location tab
Click the twisty for your project.
Select the Filter item and click Edit Filter...
Click Add Multiple... and then select all of the arch/* directories in your kernel source that will not be used (i.e. all the ones that are not for the architecture you are using)
Click OK and OK again to dismiss that dialog.
Click OK on the Properties dialog.
Click Finish on the C Project dialog.
Right click on the project and select Index then select Rebuild
It will take about 20 minutes or so to complete.
Open your project setting, go to the C/C++ build -> Behaviour (tab)
Check the Build (Incremental buil) checkbox and add your module path to the textbox (in my case M=drivers/servo/dynamixel).
When you're module is ready and you want to compile kernel, repeat 41 and replace M=.. with all.


17.10 by default uses Wayland as the default display server rather than the legacy X.Org server. This may explain why you can't find  Xwrapper.config in /etc/X11/. You may find it there if you've gone so far as to switch from Wayland back to Xorg. Otherwise I wouldn't expect to find it. The file in question is just a text configuration file that ou can create yourself if need be. More information on that is here.

Sources:

How do you switch from Wayland back to Xorg in Ubuntu 17.10?

https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/5-Xwrapper.config/


Can I make Epiphany identify itself as another browser?

No, unfortunately, epiphany doesn't support masquarading itself as another browser. If you would like a browser with this capability, Midori is a nice lightweight web browser that supports disquising itself as other browsers. Hope that helps!


Installation alongside Windows 10 on Lenovo Yoga 500 - no GRUB menu, Windows just boots

I also have the same problem. At that time I overcome it by changing the OS boot manager in the bios. You just enter bios> system configuration> enter os boot manager> select ubuntu press f10 (button to save, it might be different) then press again.


FFserver-FFmpeg Missing Audio stream which is needed

so I found the solution myself!
So  you have to add NoAudio in the  block to be sure, it's mandatory or not depending on the format you use.
The thing is if you tried to launch ffserver and it doesnt work, due to some mistakes in the ffserver.conf files, it's not enough to correct them, you need to close the shell where you tried to launch it, re-open a new shell and retry, otherwise the error happens again for some ultra weird reasons.

Same for all the errors, you have to correct your ffserver.conf, close the shell where you tried to launch it, and open a new one to try to start the server again.

Hope this can help few of you.


What to do with overheated GPU? (AMD HD 5470)

I found my answer.

I was suffering from this bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/803943

Temporary fix is using the PPA of Daniel van Vugt: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/803943/comments/53

When the patch is accepted, it will be fixed in the standard updates.

My CPU usage for compiz dropped from 40% to 5% when idle

My GPU temp lowered from 75°C to 50°C when idle, from 100°C to 75°C when stressed. A huge improvement!


Need a non-X terminal for the nvidia driver installation

Do the following:

Press Alt + Ctrl + F1.
login using your id / password
stop the lightdm by sudo stop lightdm
Now install the nvidia driver. If you are using open source driver you might need to restart once and run the steps again.


Getting: 500 OOPS: vsftpd: error with vsftpd.conf file that used to work

Found the problem.  For some reason, a userid was not created for vsftpd.  Once I defined one, it started working.  Weird.


You may be able to get some more details about what went wrong if you run the program through valgrind, like this:

valgrind clinfo