Can you install Ubuntu on the Raspberry Pi 4

There is an unofficial guide at https://jamesachambers.com/raspberry-pi-ubuntu-server-18-04-2-installation-guide/ if you don't want to wait for the official release.

The Raspberry Pi 4 is not officially supported out of the box yet on the current Ubuntu Server Raspberry Pi images but you can get it working by manually updating the firmware. Solid state storage is also working but with the catch of having to use a micro SD card as a bootloader since the Pi 4 does not have official boot support yet. I describe how to do both in this article.
The Raspberry Pi's peripherals such as WiFi / Bluetooth are now fully supported. Previous Ubuntu Server versions for Raspberry Pi (like many other distros) had broken or completely missing drivers for core components such as WiFi / Bluetooth. In the 18.04.2 update the firmware for the WiFi and other components is now included out of the box making it a fully functional distribution.
This is the first distribution besides Raspbian that feels like you can just image it and everything works. I'll guide you through the process in this guide. It only takes a few minutes to set up.
Recommended Gear
I highly recommend upgrading to a solid state setup. The performance gains are gigantic. It's now less than $30 to take your Pi solid state. This is the best performance upgrade you can possibly get for a Pi.
With the new Raspberry Pi 4 it's even more beneficial to use USB storage since a USB 3.0 bus was finally added in the Pi 4 letting it take full advantage of solid state drives. This is the setup I am currently using:
  Raspberry Pi 4 Model B 2 GB
  StarTech 2.5″ SATA to USB 3.0 Adapter -AND- Kingston A400 SSD 120GB SATA 3 2.5" SSD
  Or for a compact setup: SanDisk Extreme Pro 128 GB USB Solid State Flash Drive
  For a micro SD card setup: SanDisk Extreme 64 GB A2 Application Class Micro SD Card
Getting Ubuntu Server
Head to the official Ubuntu Raspberry Pi page at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM/RaspberryPi and scroll to the "Official Images" section.
32-bit (armhf) vs. 64-bit (aarch64)
Getting the 32-bit version of Ubuntu Server booting is easier and faster than the 64-bit version right now. If you choose to install 64-bit pay close attention to the 64-bit specific steps in the instructions as missing any of them will cause your Pi to not boot!
Right now there is a memory limitation of 1 GB in 64-bit mode on the Raspberry Pi 4. I recommend using the 32-bit version of Ubuntu or waiting until the Raspberry Pi 4 support catches up. If you want to run the 64-bit one now anyway it works fine other than the memory limitation.
You should choose the armhf 32-bit version for now unless you have a specific need for a 64-bit distribution. The 32-bit version is faster and more stable for the overwhelming majority of use cases. The 64-bit version has come a very long way and is totally usable at this point but there are still some significant downsides.
The Raspberry Pi 4 brought us all the way up to the 4 GB barrier but to expand past that Raspbian will eventually have to go 64-bit as one of the limitations of a 32-bit operating system is it can only address 4 GB of RAM. To break the 4 GB memory addressing barrier the operating system is going to have to go 64-bit (aarch64/arm64).
For now 64-bit support works on the Pi but due to Raspbian and the Pi's firmware not having an official 64-bit release it can be quirky and more difficult to configure.
Writing the Base Image
This part is easy. Extract the image from xz format to img format (7zip is great and free and can extract these). Now write the img to your media (Micro SD card, solid state drive, USB storage, etc.). the same way you would for any other distribution.
Updating Firmware for Raspberry Pi 4
Remove Existing Firmware
The firmware in the current release was not built with Raspberry Pi 4 support so we need to update the firmware on the /boot/ partition for the Pi 4 to be able to boot correctly.
Insert/mount the micro SD card in your computer and navigate to the "boot" partition. Delete everything in the existing folder so it is completely empty.
Download Latest Firmware
32-bit Firmware Instructions
If you are trying to run the 64-bit version of Ubuntu skip to the 64-bit instruction section next. For 32-bit versions of Ubuntu download the firmware from the official GitHib repository here: https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/archive/master.zip
The latest firmware is everything inside master.zip "boot" folder (including subfolders). We want to extract everything from "boot" (including subfolders) to our micro SD's "boot" partition that we just emptied in the previous step. Don't forget to get the "overlays" folder as that contains overlays necessary to boot correctly.
The end result will look something like this on the "boot" drive:
$ ls
  COPYING.linux                bcm2711-rpi-4-b.dtb   kernel.img
  LICENCE.broadcom             bootcode.bin          kernel7.img
 'System Volume Information'   cmdline.txt           kernel7l.img
  bcm2708-rpi-b-plus.dtb       config.txt            overlays
  bcm2708-rpi-b.dtb            fixup.dat             start.elf
  bcm2708-rpi-cm.dtb           fixup4.dat            start4.elf
  bcm2708-rpi-zero-w.dtb       fixup4cd.dat          start4cd.elf
  bcm2708-rpi-zero.dtb         fixup4db.dat          start4db.elf
  bcm2709-rpi-2-b.dtb          fixup4x.dat           start4x.elf
  bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb     fixup_cd.dat          start_cd.elf
  bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb          fixup_db.dat          start_db.elf
  bcm2710-rpi-cm3.dtb          fixup_x.dat           start_x.elf

64-bit Firmware Instructions
To boot Ubuntu Server in 64-bit mode we need to download the 64-bit version of the firmware. The .dtb files are different between 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems. Raspbian does not come with a 64-bit bootloader and one isn't provided in the official GitHub repo either.
Building the 64-bit version of the firmware yourself requires a cross compile toolchain and a lot of time but it is an option. Fortunately sakiki has provided a blob of the 64-bit version firmware intended to be used to boot Raspberry Pi 4 64-bit devices in the mean time while support continues to catch up.
Download the firmware blob: https://github.com/sakaki-/gentoo-on-rpi3-64bit/releases/download/v1.4.2/deploy_root_p4.tar.xz
Extract the files from deploy-root/bootfs in the archive to the "boot" partition on the SD card that we cleaned out in the previous step. This will give us our 64-bit bootloader.
Create/Update config.txt and cmdline.txt
Navigate to the micro SD /boot/ partition. Create a blank cmdline.txt file with the following line:
dwc_otg.fiq_fix_enable=2 console=ttyAMA0,115200 kgdboc=ttyAMA0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait rootflags=noload net.ifnames=0

Next we are going to create config.txt with the following content:
# Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835)
dtparam=audio=on

[pi4]

[all]

64-bit config.txt Configuration
To boot the Pi in 64-bit mode we need to add the following lines to the config.txt:
total_mem=1024
arm_64bit=1
enable_gic=1
armstub=armstub8-gic.bin

The final configuration for 64-bit will look like this:
# Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835)
dtparam=audio=on

[pi4]

total_mem=1024
arm_64bit=1
enable_gic=1
armstub=armstub8-gic.bin

[all]

These enable all the different 64-bit related options you need to perform a 64-bit boot on the Pi.
Note on total_mem=1024: at the moment the Raspberry Pi 4's SD card won't work in 64-bit mode without capping the total memory to 1 GB. This is being worked on and will be fixed as soon as official support rolls out.
Boot Ubuntu Server
We are now ready to boot the device. Insert the micro SD card and power on the device.
Note: The very first startup can be very slow. Be patient. It can take up to 2-3 minutes with no activity lights then all the sudden everything will start blinking and SSH will open up.
Fix apt-get update
If you try to apt-get update now it will try to update your firmware with older firmware from the Ubuntu repository. The workaround for now is to remove that package so it keeps your existing firmware. Make a note to remember you did this step as later on we will want to reenable updates from the repository once support has been added.
sudo apt remove flash-kernel initramfs-tools

You may now run sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade but don't use dist-upgrade yet because the kernels in the repository it will update you to don't support the Pi 4 yet. But this should get you all up to date on the packages.
Solid State Drive (SSD) Configuration (Optional)
USB booting has not been added into the Raspberry Pi 4 firmware yet, but is being worked on right now. In the mean time you can use your micro SD card as a bootloader and still boot the whole operating system (rootfs) from the solid state drive giving you the full USB 3.0 speed increases system-wide. Once the Pi USB booting is officially released you should be able to boot directly from the device without any makeshift bootloader SD card necessary.
First create a fully imaged and booting micro SD card following the earlier steps in the tutorial. After you have created the micro SD installation you should now image your SSD / USB drive with the same Ubuntu image you used to create the SD card.
Now navigate to the "boot" partition on the newly created SSD / USB drive and remove everything in there just like we did with the SD card earlier. Now copy the "boot" folder from the micro SD card to the solid state drive. This is necessary because even though the files in "boot" are read off our micro SD card initially some firmware files in the later load stages are read off the mounted drive and if the necessary firmware files are missing the system won't boot.
Now that you've created the SSD / USB drive partitions and copied the "boot" partition from the SD card to your new drive we need to update your SD card's cmdline.txt to point to the SSD / USB drive's partition.
dwc_otg.fiq_fix_enable=2 console=ttyAMA0,115200 kgdboc=ttyAMA0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait rootflags=noload net.ifnames=0

The key part we need to change here is the "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2" section. mmcblk0p2 is a hardware identifier for micro SD storage. We need to change this to the device your storage is detected as.
If you are using a USB to solid state drive adapter it's very likely your drive will be addressed as /dev/sda2. Therefore we will change the root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 to root=/dev/sda2
root=/dev/sda2

The final line will be:
dwc_otg.fiq_fix_enable=2 console=ttyAMA0,115200 kgdboc=ttyAMA0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/sda2 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait rootflags=noload net.ifnames=0

Plug both the micro SD and the solid state drive into the Pi and boot it up.
Remember: the first boot can take 2-3 minutes for first startup, so give it some time before assuming it didn't work.
Configuration
Default User / Password
The username and password for your initial login to Ubuntu Server will be:
user: ubuntu
password: ubuntu

You will be required to change your password after logging in for the first time. Make sure on the prompt you enter the current "ubuntu" password before typing in your new password or the device will kick you out completely and you'll have to login again.
Set Time Zone
To configure the correct time zone for Ubuntu Server use the following command:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

This will take you to a very easy to follow menu to select your correct time zone and applies it to the system.
Update System
For best stability, security and performance you should immediately update your system and packages to the latest version. This will also grab all of the latest fixes/improvements making your Raspberry Pi Ubuntu experience much better.
This part is easy. Type:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Change Default GPU Memory Split
The default amount of memory allocated to the GPU on the Raspberry Pi is around 76 MB of our 1 GB. In 2 GB and 4 GB models the amount gained from this is negligible, but is still worth it for the 1 GB model.
If you type the commandfree you will see that your Raspberry Pi is missing this memory under the "total" column. We can reclaim most of this memory back by setting the GPU memory split to 16 MB. If you are planning on installing a GUI in the future you should not make this change.
This option is set in the config.txt file. It's exactly the same file as Raspbian uses, but it is located at /boot/firmware/config.txt instead of /boot/config.txt. Open config.txt with the following command:
sudo nano /boot/firmware/config.txt

We will add the following line at the bottom of config.txt:
gpu_mem=16

Press Ctrl + X and type yes to save the file. Now restart the Pi by typing:
sudo reboot

After the reboot finishes type free again, and you will see that your total available memory has increased and can now be used by the system and your applications.


Why ping -f command needs sudo privileges?

from man ping

  -f
  Flood ping. For  every  ECHO_REQUEST  sent  a  period  ``.''
  is
                printed,  while  for  ever  ECHO_REPLY  received  a backspace is
                printed.  This provides a rapid display of how many packets  are
                being  dropped.   If  interval is not given, it sets interval to
                zero and outputs packets as fast as they come back or  one  hun‐
                dred  times  per second, whichever is more.  Only the super-user
                may use this option with zero interval.

It's obvious clear that the it's forbidden for lowering the network traffic and thus get lowering the threat of DDOS due to large replies for every arrived packet.


Lenovo Carbon X1 5th gen trackpad not working

I had the same problem, using Pop!_OS . Moving to 19.04 fixed it for me, you might want to try that.


That's because Ubuntu 18.04 ships by default with GNOME 3.28, in which they renamed the gnome-tweak-tool to gnome-tweaks. And in the Activities Overview can be found by searching for Tweaks.

If it's not installed then you should be able to install it with:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnome-tweaks

This is due to Canonical packaging it up like this in order not to confuse users too much with the naming change.


First, we need to enable universe repository. To do this, open Software and Update via application menu. Mark all universe repositories from the repo list.

Click Reload to update Ubuntu.
Next, use the following command to install Gnome Tweak Tool

 sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

Output:

$ sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
 gnome-tweak-tool
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 435 not upgraded.
Need to get 205 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,198 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 gnome-tweak-tool all 3.26.2.1-1ubuntu1 [205 kB]
Fetched 205 kB in 1s (106 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package gnome-tweak-tool.
(Reading database ... 145771 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../gnome-tweak-tool_3.26.2.1-1ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking gnome-tweak-tool (3.26.2.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.23-1ubuntu3) ...
Setting up gnome-tweak-tool (3.26.2.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu5) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-1) ...

Now run Gnome Tweak Tool


Any complete GUI interface for Mercurial?

hg view is installed as part of the mercurial package, but not enabled by default to keep the package from depending on the tk toolkit. Install tk8.5, and the add the following to your "$HOME/.hgrc" file:

[extensions]
hgk=

Launch by running hg view in the repository folder.


XDMCP setup for lightdm, ports not listening

You also need

[SeatDefaults]
xserver-allow-tcp=true


When the {pre,post}-{installation,removal} script of a package throws errors, sometimes you won't be able to finish installing or remove the package. This can come about either due to a bug in the package (or sometimes another package), in which case you should try to identify the problem and report the bug, or because you've been mucking about inside /usr, in which case, well, don't.

The workaround is to either do what it takes to satisfy the package script, or comment out the offending command in the package script. The package script you're having trouble with is located in /var/lib/dpkg/info/emacs23-lucid.postinst. The particular command that's failing is /usr/lib/emacsen-common/emacs-install ${FLAVOR}.

The first thing you should try is to fix the underlying problem. Here three files under /usr/share/emacs23 are missing. They should be symbolic links to the corresponding files under /usr/share/emacs. If they are broken symbolic links, try removing them; if the files under /usr/share/emacs23 don't exist but the files under /usr/share/emacs do, try creating the symbolic links.

If you don't manage to fix the problem, either

comment out the offending line: edit the package script, add a # at the beginning of the problematic line(s);
or ignore the error: add || true at the end of the problematic command, or remove set -e near the beginning of the file.

Beyond removing and reinstalling the emacs23-lucid package, you may need to reinstall other packages to put your system into a sane state, in particular the dictionaries-common package which provides the three troublesome .el files.


Installing libpcre 3.35.X on ubuntu 14.04

You are trying to install a 32-bit package on a 64-bit system, which is OK, but to install a 32-bit package, the 64-bit package of the same version must be installed as well. Therefore install the .deb files for both systems at the same time:

First repair your installation:

sudo apt-get install -f

After that:

sudo dpkg -i libpcre3_8.35-7.2_i386.deb libpcre3_8.35-7.2_amd64.deb


unable to install intel hd graphics driver for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

Apparently Intel has discontinued the tool. Now the driver comes directly in the LTS distros of Ubuntu and Fedora.
linuxgraphics

tool-discontinued


Scheduling consecutive tasks from the command line

AFAIK you can enter multiple commands in a single at job, and they will be executed sequentially in the order in which you entered them - for example, using sleep to simulate an extended command:

$ at now +1 minute
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh
at> logger ": starting first job"; sleep 1m
at> logger ": starting second job"; sleep 1m
at> logger ": staring third job"
at> <EOT>
job 2 at Thu Aug 18 07:58:00 2016

results in

$ tail -f /var/log/syslog
Aug 18 07:58:26 xenial-vm steeldriver: : starting first job
Aug 18 07:59:26 xenial-vm steeldriver: : starting second job
Aug 18 08:00:26 xenial-vm steeldriver: : staring third job

Alternatively, you could create a wrapper script for your commands and schedule that in at


That webcam from what I have read should work out of the box. In Ubuntu there is no need to install additional drivers (That's for Windows). Just plug it in and it should work.

If you want to test it out, open Software Center and install cheese which is a GUI app for webcams.

I should also add that it appears in the already confirmed supported webcams here (Since 2008): https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupportComponentsMultimediaWebCamerasCreative

It had a couple of problems in 2006 but they were fixed around 2007.

It also appears in the GSPCA Devices compatibility list (And this list is from 2009): http://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/Gspca_devices

And even the older version of the list: http://mxhaard.free.fr/spca5xx.html

So what I am trying to say is:

Almost all hardware will work out of the box in Ubuntu. Just literally plug it in and.. done.
Driver installation is for less than 1% of hardware (Proprietary stuff like Nvidia, Ati, Broadcom) but for each new version of Ubuntu you will see an increased amount of new hardware supported.

Dont' be amazed if everything in your PC and anything you connect to it just works when you connect it.


Well, I don't know why I did

/var/www/html/testme2 jekyll serve --host=0.0.0.0 -w --incremental

but adding this

cd /var/www/html/testme2 && jekyll serve --host=0.0.0.0 -w --incremental

to rc.local works just fine, and jekyll auto-starts.


Vertical resolution over VNC multiplied by 12

I FINALLY fixed this by disabling client side caching, use the -noncache option when starting the server or uncheck the ncache option in the gui.

Answer found here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1337060


Bryan here. Developer of Less.app.

I highly recommend AGAINST using the older version of LESS (the Ruby-based one). Less.js isn't just a javascript port of LESS, it's a ground-up rewrite that improves a ton of stuff, adds support for things that the old Ruby version doesn't have, and increases compiler speed by about 84%.

Rather than install the Ruby gem, install Node.js and run Less.js through Node from the command line. You'll still have all the -watch functionality, but you'll be using Less.js to do it, which means your life will be much better.

Alternately, use Less.js as a script in the website you're creating. This will work for development. When you're done coding, simply copy the CSS that Less.js generates (from your browser's inspector) and place that into a file, add a .css extension, then remove the Less.js script tag from the HTML pages and substitute the CSS file you just created.

Either way, use Less.js.


mouse pointer on desktop is tailed by square shaped marks in 20.04 lts

In the Universal Access settings panel, try turning off Zoom and Locate Pointer.


Apt install automatically says "Yes" when trying to install packages

That's normal. You requested installation of a particular package, and no additional packages were needed as dependencies. APT assumed that you really did want to install the package you asked for, and didn't bother to ask you if you were really sure.

If there were additional packages, you would be prompted to confirm that you were OK with installing them, since you hadn't requested them directly.


Samba share only writable when chown for specific user set

make sure you added both users using

 smbpasswd -a <username>

and also check permission of shared directory

 chmod 770 /mnt/data/share/Pictures

if you want to use any group then all users that you want to allow access shared directory should be member of that group.
create group using

groupadd smbuser

assign group to share directory

 chown :smbuser /mnt/data/share/Pictures

add user to group

usermod -G smbuser christian
usermod -G smbuser test

for more info this link


icon not showing in launcher in Ubuntu 20.04

Problem solved when I put my icon file in .local/share/icons folder
Version=1.0
Name=Idea
Comment=IDE
Exec=Software/ideaIE-2020.2.3/idea-IE-202.7660.52/bin/idea.sh
Icon=idea
Terminal=false
StartupWMClass="jetbrains-idea-edu", "jetbrains-idea-edu"
Type=Application
Categories=IDE;
X-GNOME-UsesNotifications=true


How do I delete cookies from a specific site?

Go to Preferences -> Privacy & Security -> Cookies and Site Data then click on the Manage Data button then search for the site.
Click on the site(s) to select and click on Remove Selected, then Save Changes.

That's all you need to do.


It's really off topic for this site, but ok. The windows installer has the ability to delete filesystems. I don't remember exactly how, though. I'd guess you see something like "Unknown" with a certain size. That's likely Ubuntus filesystem. Delete it, create a new one and install.


How do I configure my DNS so that it checks a website for my public ip address with ddclient?

You shouldn't need to mess with resolv.conf or any of your internal DNS settings.

For what you need to achieve, I've found it easiest to make all the changes in my router by adding a reserved internal IP address for the machine(s) that I want to have the same internal IP address all the time. Almost every router has some type of Web interface that you can access through the router IP, so if your LAN is running on addresses in the 198.162.0.x range, the router will be at 192.168.0.1. Because each router is different, it's hard to give exact directions on where to find where you set the reserved IP addresses; look in the LAN settings section, or it may be plainly visible in the menu options. Once you have your machine set on a reserved IP in the router, you can set up Port Forwarding for the specific ports you want routed to that machine: if you're running a Minecraft server, you would forward port 25565 to it.

Many routers also have options for using dynamic DNS services like dyn.com in which you enter your account info for dyn.com, and if and when your public IP changes it notifies dyn.com of the change and they will update your DNS A records with the new public IP of the router.


I don't think it's possible to deploy any OpenStack release on only two nodes, and even if it is possible, it will require a dense containerized deployment, including networking between these containers. The latter is not yet supported by juju-core, but it is being worked on at the moment.


You can click on "Something Else" and then manually reinstall it. Choose the same paritions for the same mounts you had before such as /home and root (/) and just make sure the format checkbox is NOT checked. It will reinstall overtop of everything (overwrite) but won't delete anything. Of course as always, you should backup your /home folder before, just in case


Openvpn client web traffic setting problems

I have found out the problem! It is caused by the Chinese National Firewall.

The DNS servers in China are all polluted, so that the website such as "twitter" and "facebook" has been redirects to the non-exsits targets. Through this way, the websites cannot be access in China. See the link for DNS cache poisoning.

So using VPN server to do dns lookup can solve this problem, just adding two lines to the openvpn configuration file(client.ovpn):

up /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf
down /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf

Also ensure the resolvconf package is installed on the client, as this script depends on it.

Now the OpenVPN access server works fine for me to break through the Chinese National Firewall.


Operating system wasn't found (Live boot)

Saving the Ubuntu ISO file into your USB key is just like saving any file. That is why you get that error.

You rather need to create a bootable USB key so that you ca install Ubuntu 12.04 and avoid that essage error.


Can I run an ARM32 bit App on an ARM64bit platform which is running Ubuntu 16.04

I found a way to do this explained in the following link (by James Kingdon, thanks!)

https://forum.armbian.com/topic/4764-running-32-bit-applications-on-aarch64/

These are the steps to make a simple ARM32 app run on the Ubuntu 16.04/AARCH64.

dpkg --add-architecture armhf
apt-get update (ignore the missing x386 packages and hope for the best)
apt-get install libc6:armhf libstdc++6:armhf

Create a symbolic link to the 32Bit lib below:

cd /lib
ln -s arm-linux-gnueabihf/ld-2.23.so ld-linux.so.3

After doing this my .NETCore 2.1 app throw an error which I worked around by disabling globalization. After that the ARM32 bit app ran successfully.

-Emeel


It may be your online accounts. Sometimes Ubuntu loses access to the Google (or another) account and needs re-authorization.

Go to System Settings... from the Gear/Power icon on the top right corner.

click on Online Accounts under "personal" and press the Grant Access button for the accounts that are turned off.

Let me know if it works, by comments below.

Hope this helps


PHP Startup Unable to load dynamic library

In your system are installed two different version of libcurl:

libcurl3.so that is a symbolic link to libcurl4.so that point to libcurl.so.4.3.0

  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr  1 13:43
  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcurl.so.3 -> libcurl.so.4 lrwxrwxrwx 1
  root root 16 Apr  1 13:43 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcurl.so.4 ->
  libcurl.so.4.3.0
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 422696 Apr  1 13:43 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcurl.so.4.3.0

a local version of libcurl.so.4 that is a link to libcurl.so.4.0.0

  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Jun 18 09:26 /usr/local/lib/libcurl.so.4 ->
  libcurl.so.4.0.0
  -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1146079 Jun 18 09:26 /usr/local/lib/libcurl.so.4.0.0

This local library /usr/local/lib/libcurl.so.4 is loaded before /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcurl.so.4. We can see ld library order using command strings /etc/ld.so.cache.

As I can see in find / -name "*libcurl*" -exec ls -l {} \; -print output, you installed a source package of libcurl-7.16.0 in /usr/local/src/curl-7.16.0/ and I guess you compiled and generated /usr/local/lib/libcurl.so.4.0.0.

The missing method curl_easy_pause is present in libcurl since 7.18.0 and that's why I got the error, your system is using libcurl-7.16.0.

In order to fix this issue, remove wrong libcurl and update ld.so cache:

     sudo rm /usr/local/lib/libcurl*
     sudo ldconfig -v

I suggest to remove /usr/local/src/curl-7.16.0 directory to prevent any other kind of problem.


How to install Gnome Shell  latest version in Offline-mode?

I've had many friends' computer where I required to install Ubuntu as well essential post-install tasks (like installing required Packages for playing restricted media formats, GNOME Shell, etc.) What I do is as follows:

Get the Packages

Get to a computer where there's a decent internet connection, and boot from Ubuntu LiveCD or Bootable Flash Drive.
Firstly, update the package repositories (from Update Manager by clicking "Check", which updates entire package cache).
Then install Synaptic from Software Center.
And now the real work starts from Synaptic.
Open Synaptic and first hit "Reload", when its done, click "Mark All Upgrades" and then hit "Apply", this will bring a dialog that shows packages to be updated, below that is a checkbox that says "Download Package Files Only".

Just mark that checkbox so it'll not install anything and just download the packages and keep it in the cache.
When its done, install other packages that you'll need, like ubuntu-restricted-extras, vlc, gnome-shell, etc.
Mark the mentioned packages (it'll also mark required dependencies) just DON'T forget to check that "Download Package Files Only" option, when you click apply after marking all the packages.
The reason why we're ONLY downloading the packages instead of installing is pretty simple that we don't wanna install anything in the Live session of Ubuntu.
Once, download of all the packages is done, open nautilus (i.e. file manager) and navigate to /var/cache/apt/archives.
You'll see here all the packages that you downloaded using Synaptic, along with two other things, a file lock and a folder partial.
Just copy all the .deb files from that location ignoring that lock file and partial folder.
And paste the packages in some other partition or a flash drive where you can keep it for later use.
What we did in above steps is downloaded the packages for the updates for Ubuntu released so-far, and the apps that we need after installing Ubuntu on our target machine.

Installing the Packages

Now that we have all the required packages, install Ubuntu.
Please note that though we have all the packages downloaded, we still need an internet connection on a target machine (its absolutely fine if the connection is slow as we'll not be needing faster connection now).
Once, installation is done and you login to Ubuntu Desktop, open Nautilus as root by running gksu nautilus, and then navigate again to /var/cache/apt/archives.
Now, paste all the packages here which we downloaded earlier in live Ubuntu session, and close Nautilus.
Again, update the package repositories using Update Manager as mentioned above in very 2nd point. (this is the task why we need internet connection, but, updating package cache shouldn't take long even on computer with slow internet connection)
Now you'll see list of available updates in the Update Manager, but also, you'll see a notice below the list that says "updates already downloaded". You can now safely install Updates and it won't download anything now.
Similarly, you can open Software Center and install the packages which you downloaded earlier, and none of them will require to download anything further.
This is how you can save bandwidth as well as install the packages which are already downloaded.

Note: There are other ways too which can be used to install packages offline, like using APTonCD or running sudo dpkg -i *.deb in a folder where downloaded packages exist, but I don't know why but I don't like APTonCD and the send option often causes dependency issues or in worst cases, broken installation.

Also, note that it may happen that you need internet connection while installing the package from Synaptic, but with this method, the need to download anything during installation will be negligible.

I know this is pretty long list of instructions, but believe me once you get used to it (I do this at every release of Ubuntu to install it on computers with limited internet connection) it is fairly easier. And also, it doesn't require any 3rd-party app to perform the task and you'll also learn something while doing this. :-)


This answer is the applicable one, for me on 16.04. It should work too on the latest release.

You can install compizconfig-settings-manager and disable animations right away. You can take a look at the application and disable anything you don't need.

I don't have an idea which one should be disabled, but there should be options which control animation (including tab switch, maximize/minimize, etc.).


How can I add 'emacs' to one of the 'Show other application' in file explorer

After we had installed emacs  we may not yet have a .desktop file to integrate it with the desktop environment.

We then can copy the emacs23.desktop file if located in /usr/share/applications or we can create a custom emacs.desktop file in ~.local/share/applications, e.g. with the following content (add further options at your needs).

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Emacs 23
Comment=
Exec=/usr/bin/emacs23 %F
Icon=
Terminal=true
Type=Application

We can then select Emacs in the list of "Open With Other Applications -> Show other applications" on right click of a file with a content we want to associate Emacs with.

After having selected the now present Emacs (note that there is no icon defined yet if using a custom dektop file, give the path to an icon in your emacs.desktop above) we can then choose to "Open with Emacs" in the Nautilus context menu:

To undo this we simply right click on the Emacs entry in the menu that pops up after having selected "Open With Other Application..." and say "Forget association":
(Forget association option does not exist for Ubuntu 16.04 and later)


How to send directories with spaces to another command?

You have fallen into bash pitfall #1.
You can reliably do what you want with a while loop, as follows:
while IFS= read -r path; do
  cp -n -- "$path" ~/home/Documents/Newfolder/
done < filepath.txt

Note the trailing slash on the target directory - this prevents mishaps if the directory doesn't exist - and the -n to prevent overwriting files of the same name.
You could also consider using xargs with newline as the delimiter:
xargs -d '\n' cp -nt ~/home/Documents/Newfolder/ < filepath.txt

Here I'm using the GNU -t form of the mv command to specify a single target directory for multiple files.
Alternatively, you could have saved all the bother by omitting the intermediate file, and moved or copied the files from find using the -exec or -execdir action:
find ./ -name "*keyword*" -exec cp -nt ~/home/Documents/Newfolder/ {} +

I have retained your path ~/home/Documents/Newfolder/ even though I doubt it's what you really want (it would expand to /home/username/home/Documents/Newfolder).


How to completely remove a oracle jdk that didn't install properly?

I was having the same problem on Ubuntu 11.10, tried all of the same solutions, none of which worked for me either. I found this on another discussion board and it appears to have worked for me:

  If you want to remove oracle-jdk7-installer, you can simply go to
  /var/lib/dpkg/info/ It takes some time to load, and delete all files
  which starts with oracle-java7***** there was ~6files, then go to
  Synaptic and simply locate same oracle-jdk and click remove/completly
  remove.

This is where I found it:  http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=11821814

Good luck!

Edit: here are the 3 steps to easily do this:

Open a terminal (ctrl + alt + T) and type those two commands successively:

cd /var/lib/dpkg/info/
sudo rm oracle-java7-installer*

Open synaptic, search for "oracle-java7-installer", mark it for complete removal and click "apply".

Edit:
For those that don't have synaptic installed, after you rm the oracle installer files, just do:

sudo apt-get purge oracle-java7-installer

And you should be good.

edit:
worked on ubuntu 12.04 LTS as well


Ubuntu Touch cannot (at the time of writing) run APK files, as they're meant for the Android architecture.

Now, this does not mean it's completely impossible, but someone would need to write a program similar to WINE (some kind of compatibility layer) to allow such things to happen. As of now, there are no (known) plans to do such a thing.


So is the question how does one substitute literal backslash-n's?

If so, it can't be done with tr, since tr only works on single characters.  Here's how to do it in sed (string editor):

$ cat test1
hello \n\n\n how are \n\n you
$ sed -e 's/\\n/ /g' < test1
hello     how are    you

note the extra backslash needed to tell sed we're looking for a literal backslash here, and to not interpret '\n' as a line feed character.


See the bottom of the page here. The version 3.0 uses python 2.7.
So it is sufficient for Ubuntu 16.04 (Python 2.7.11+) and 14.04.


This was a regression in one of the beta releases of bzr 2.5. It should be fixed in 2.5b6.

See http://pad.lv/919218 for the bug report.


How to display windows of two different firefox profiles under different dash icons?

I have two firefox profiles on my 16.04 box with two different icons in the dashboard.

What I did was create two desktop short cuts.  For the first one the command to run it is firefox %u.  For the second one the command to run it is firefox -no-remote -P ScriptUser.  When I launch these I get two different instances of Firefox.  I have pinned each to the dashboard and given each a different name for ease of identification.  This works for me.  Now I'm trying to establish how to do the same thing, but in cairo-dock.  So far that's proving less easy.

Hope that helps.


Just installed ubuntu trying to install DWA-182 wireless usb adapter driver please help

this worked for me:

https://github.com/chaotaklon/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux

ubuntu 19 killed my wifi adapter


Test this:

You need at least: Wireless PCI or USB device connected to Linux with a/b/g and WPA2 support in AP mode, suppose it is wlan0 and Wired ethernet port connected to the upstream router for the Internet access, suppose it is eth0.

Open a terminal. Press Ctrl+Alt+T

Type the following command to install the application:

$ sudo -i
# apt-get update
# apt-get install hostapd bridge-utils

Now you must configure it by editing your file /etc/default/hostapd

$ sudo -i
# nano /etc/default/hostapd

Uncomment and set DAEMON_CONF to the absolute path of a hostapd configuration file:

DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

Ctrl + O, save file. Ctrl + X, close nano.

Now you need to create the text file /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

sudo -i
nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

You must place these lines:

# Wireless network name - Set interface name

interface=wlan0

# Bridge name - set your bridge name

bridge=br0

# Driver nane - set driver name

driver=rtl8188eu

# Country name code - set country name code in ISO/IEC 3166-1 format. US = United Stats

country_code=US

# SSID name - set your SSID

ssid=TameHog

# Operation mode - set operation mode a=IEEE 802.11a, b=IEEE 802.11b, g=IEEE 802.11g

hw_mode=g

# Channel number - set channel number

channel=3

# wpa mode - set wpa mode to 2

wpa=2

# wpa-passphrase - set your passphrase

wpa_passphrase=YourWiFiPassword

# Key management algorithms - set key and auth optionsmanagement

wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK

# Set cipher suites - TKIP and CCMP = AES in Counter mode with CBC-MAC

wpa_pairwise=TKIP

rsn_pairwise=CCMP

# Shared Key Authentication

auth_algs=1

# Accept all MAC address

macaddr_acl=0

Ctrl + O, save file. Ctrl + X, close nano.

Now you can setup wlan0 in standalone mode or bridge it with eth0

$ sudo -i
# nano /etc/network/interfaces

Modify or set config as follows:

auto lo br0

iface lo inet loopback

# wireless wlan0

allow-hotplug wlan0

iface wlan0 inet manual

# eth0 connected to the ISP router

allow-hotplug eth0

iface eth0 inet manual

# Setup bridge

iface br0 inet static

bridge_ports wlan0 eth0

address 10.160.10.11

netmask 255.255.255.0

network 10.160.10.0

#Isp Router IP, 10.160.10.2 also runs DHCPD

gateway 10.160.10.2

dns-nameservers 10.160.10.2

Ctrl + O, save file. Ctrl + X, close nano.

Reboot and make sure firewall is not blocking required ports:

$ sudo -i
# /sbin/iptables -L -n -v | less


How to completely remove and reinstall Ubuntu?

You cannot perform a reinstallation of Ubuntu from an existing installation.

Use Ubuntu live disk to boot up.
Select Install Ubuntu on hard disk.
Keep on following the wizard.
Select the Erase Ubuntu and reinstall option (the third option in the image).


Clonezilla Ubuntu 16.04 after clone missing data but server wokrs

I have used disk to disk clone.

partition layout


I suggest installing libinput. It works better in 16.04, than the old xorg-synaptics.

Install it by

sudo apt install xserver-xorg-input-libinput

Tapping is disabled by default. If you need this feature, you can enable it by adding

Option "Tapping" "True"

to the touchpad section of /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/90-libinput.conf


Cannot run nvidia driver and overheating after installing drivers

The gtx 760m is not supported by either 450 or 460 Nvidia drivers.
If you are using Ubuntu 18.04, you can install the 418 driver.
Run
sudo apt-get purge 'nvidia.*'
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-418

and reboot.
Your system may be overheating because an Nvidia driver was not properly installed.


Hard blocked means that your wireless is blocked by hardware.
If there is a switch to turn on wifi check if it is turned on.

and check to see if the problem is fixed.


Internet timeout or not loading webpages completely, however works in Windows

Two suggestions:

In 12.04, here were changes the way DNS lookup was done (http://www.stgraber.org/2012/02/24/dns-in-ubuntu-12-04/). You can disable dnsmasq as described in the above article and try.
Try another modem: I had the same problem. I use ADSL connection with wireless router. Pages load perfectly with 3G modem, but load slowly with ADSL modem + wireless router. I tried with a different ADSL Modem from my friend and it worked perfectly with my Linux mint 13 (based on Ubuntu 12.04).


I have found a solution , once set the device to track your position blkid that returned me to /dev/sdb5 , then mount it in the directory with a directory called usbMemory did so :

# create the directory
mkdir /home/mail/usbMemory/
# the mount
mount -t vfat  -o rw  /dev/sdb5/     home/nico/ usbMemory

and then I just go there copying folders.


How to enable power failure notification?

The shell script below works for AC power updates like plugged in and plugged out. You should run this code at start-up; it runs in an infinite loop.

#!/bin/bash

old="$(upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/line_power_AC | fgrep online | awk '{print $2}')"
while sleep 1; do
    new="$(upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/line_power_AC | fgrep online | awk '{print $2}')"
    if [ "$new" != "$old" ]; then
        if [ "$new" == "yes" ]; then
            notify-send --icon=gnome-power-manager "AC power on"
        elif [ "$new" == "no" ]; then
            notify-send --icon=gnome-power-manager "Battery power on"
        fi
    fi
    old="$new"
done

Edit the notify-send as you wish.


WiFi can't connect despite type in correct password

Ubuntu tried to connect to my router repeatedly and kept prompting me for password even though I type in the correct password.

Turns out the broadcom driver that comes with Ubuntu 15.10 is fine. The problem is with my router. My wireless router is configured to broadcast only in 802.11 N only figuring that I don't have any older adapter that needs b/g support. My lenovo laptop is using broadcom wireless adpater that only supports the b/g, not N. As soon as I set my router to broadcast in mixed mode, I can connect to my wireless network successfully.


Trouble installing 12.04 from cd, blank screen with cursor

FIXED!

Turns out my problem was that I had my SSD drive plugged into the wrong port, well the eSata port, which ubuntu shat bricks over.  The only reason I discovered this is because I turned off the splash screen and silent mode.  While my particular issue isn't what will cause all installs to hang, disabling the splash screen and silent mode, will allow you to actually diagnose the issue.

HOW TO SEE WHAT IS GOING ON

When ubuntu is booting, you should see a dark purple screen with a little man, and a keyboard at the bottom.  Press any key to get to the options menu.

Once at the options menu, press F6 this will pop up a little menu of common boot options, though none of these are what we want. Press ESC.

A line should have appeared that displays a series of boot commands for grub. the last bit will say: silent showsplash -- remove the silent and showsplash commands to see exactly what is happening as your live cd (or usb) is booting.  this will show you where the error is, and you can take that to various linux forums/google to actually figure out what is happening.


Start and terminate TAIL running via SSH using BASH

This is the command you need to do the job:

ssh USER@HOST "bash -c 'sed '/PATTERN/q' <(tail -F /path/to/dest/log)'"> inlocal.log

you can use awk instead as following as well:

ssh USER@HOST "bash -c 'awk '1;/PATTERN/{exit}' <(tail -F /path/to/dest/log)'"> inlocal.log


How to update firmware on Sony Walkman NW-WS413

Install Oracle Virtualbox
Install a Windows OS into a new VM
In Windows, download the Sony Walkman NW-WS413 updater from here
Connect the Sony Walkman NW-WS413 via a USB cable
In Virtualbox, open the Devices menu and enable the Sony Walkman NW-WS413
Start the Sony Walkman NW-WS413 updater
Perform the update


As you point out, HDF5 is a very general data file format.  The barebones objects in an HDF5 file are datasets, dataspaces, datatypes, groups, and so forth.  The HDF Group has an intro here:  https://www.hdfgroup.org/HDF5/doc/H5.intro.html

Almost certainly any program (e.g. parasol) that can understand .h5 files as meshes, has a mesh-specific schema to follow on top of the basic HDF5 format.  The first question I would be asking is: Does parasol document their schema for meshes?  If so, there is hope of a converter.  If not, and they keep it proprietary, you are also asking that someone has reverse-engineered the schema.


How do I remove the mouse battery indicator?

It seems that is a known issue, I'm not certain if there is a definitive way. Do you have laptop-mode-tools installed?

You can wait for it to be fixed, that's all I really know.


I suspect that only one line is present in /etc/environment file.

Open the file /etc/environment in an editor

sudo nano /etc/environment

And check the double quote at the end of the line. Compare the content with the line below, note the double quote at end of the line.

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"


What is the group id of this group name?

Use the getent command for processing groups and user information, instead of manually reading /etc/passwd, /etc/groups etc. The system itself uses /etc/nsswitch.conf to decide where it gets its information from, and settings in the files may be overridden by other sources. getent obeys this configuration. getent prints data, no matter the source, in the same format as the files, so you can then parse the output the same way you would parse /etc/passwd:

getent group sudo | awk -F: '{printf "Group %s with GID=%d\n", $1, $3}'

Note that, for a username, this much more easier. Use id:

$ id -u lightdm
105


Ubuntu on lenovo yoga: touchscreen and audio issues

its a bug that wont be fixed because of its low priority: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-input-synaptics/+bug/1876991
i just ended up switching to elementary os


Confused With File Permissions On Samba Network

I've figured it out just now. Wow I can't believe I honestly didn't scroll down enough in gedit. There was 1 more line underneath saying

read only = yes


Windows 8 randomly shuts down after installing Ubuntu dual boot

"Windows 8 (loader) (on /dev/sda4)" is the one you want. If you still experience issues with random shutdowns try disabling fast-startup in windows by going to "control panel/hardware and sound/change what power buttons do", and uncheck the box beside "turn on fast startup", then do a shutdown.


Ramifications of using homebrew instead of apt package manager?

The current LTS (18.04) is nearly two years old. Since Debian and Ubuntu use a snapshot release model (not a rolling release model) most of the software in those two-year-old repositories will be --you guessed it-- of roughly equivalent age. This related question explains in much more detail.

For newer software, try a newer release of Ubuntu. Most Ubuntu developers that I know use the latest release, not the LTS. It depends what you are developing for.

Homebrew installs to a different location than apt or pip or other common package mangers, so conflicts seem to be rare. However, most package mangers only keep track of their own packages, be prepared for a bit of bloat as many of your libs are promptly duplicated in the new location.

Dependencies installed by Homebrew CANNOT be used for Deb packages - only deb dependencies can be used for debs.

Dependencies installed by Homebrew CAN be used for Snap packages, though it will take a bit of work since current snap tools don't look for Homebrew packages.

Homebrew has their own support site also.


First of all, I (strongly) advice you to remove the python3 version that you installed in /usr/local/lib and use the one that you get from the repo. Having python(3) versions in /usr/local only makes sense if you need different versions from the ones that you can get using apt-get or if you really need a version compiled differently.

You can easily get python3.2 from the Ubuntu repositories on 12.04:

sudo apt-get install python3

Same thing for setuptools:

sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools

To get pip3 please look at How to install pip for python 3 in ubuntu 12.04 LTS.


You're running the Gnome Fallback desktop (Gnome Panel). It's not the same desktop as Gnome Shell. This is usually because of missing drivers. You might want to look for proprietary drivers.


Displaying all ‘.sh’ files with size more than 5kb

find has a -name option to perform a test on the file name, e.g. to list every file with an .sh extension:

find -type f -name "*.sh"

Use -iname instead if you want it to be case-insensitive, e.g. also find .Sh or .SH. You can simply combine this with -size:

find -type f -name "*.sh" -size +5k

find also has an -ls option to display file stats, while your -exec approach is totally OK it may be faster and is much easier to type:

find -type f -name "*.sh" -size +5k -ls


sudo does nothing and su doesn't accept my password

From the information provided, your system is working as expected.

You need to provide sudo with either a command, or an option or both (depending which option you choose).

An easy method to test:

sudo -s

This should prompt you for your password, after which it should give you a root shell.

The su (switch user) command by default with no arguments logs the user in as root, but you need to give root's password and not your own for it to succeed. By default on Ubuntu, root has no password so su returns authentication failure. Perhaps that was the message you saw? If you want to, you can use sudo to run su meaning you only need enter your own password, but it is simpler to start a root shell with sudo -i or sudo -s (i.e. without calling an additional program).


Internet issue in Ubuntu 16.04 and split terminal horizontally

Konsole has a view , split view, horizontally but that gives a separate tab new window at the bottom and not a split of one screen.


Can I set the launcher to only be visible when I'm on the desktop?

You can autohide Launcher..

Go to

Desktop Screen ==> RightClick ==>Change Desktop Background => Behaviour (Tab) ==> Autohide [ON]

That's it...

Cheers !!!


I would humbly suggest you use a dock such as docky , at least until you can figure out the problem.

Also, I believe you may be experiencing a bug, as this is not normal behavior in Unity. I would suggest reporting a bug on Launchpad (as soon as possible).


Okay so after a good amount of time trying to figure this out, I'd like to answer this for future users stumbling upon this problem.

According to StackExchange user bk2204 to my question:

The curl binary that's built for Debian and Ubuntu doesn't contain support for libc-ares.  That's because that library can't return both A (IPv4) and AAAA (IPv6) queries in a single response, so if the host you're connecting to uses IPv6 but you don't have IPv6 support, the connection just fails.  Since this is a pretty big defect (since many open Wi-Fi access points don't have IPv6), Debian and Ubuntu have compiled it out.

You may be able to get by with using --resolve to manually specify the IP addresses you want to use.  Otherwise, if you need to use this feature, you'll have to compile your own curl.

Link to the question for future updates (if any): Problem running CURL with the dns option (Unix & Linux community)


Audio is working, but the speaker test doesn't work

I've found the solution:

it is needed to install the libcanberra-pulse package, that is recommended for the gnome-session-canberra package, which is one of the packages on which depends ubuntu-desktop.


Texmaker is a particular case. Whomever packaged it, correctly assumed it will be used to create and compile LaTeX documents, and thus marked TexLive as a recommended dependency. TexLive is a bit of a monster, the complete package suite is over 1 Gb; Texmaker marks the most common modules, that should cover most users needs.

You can instruct apt to install Texmaker without the recommended packages:

sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install texmaker

Now you should have Texmaker installed, but are unable to compile LaTeX documents; for that you must install TexLive. Fortunately, the texlive package marks few dependencies:

sudo apt-get install texlive

This gets you a minimal compiler, many common LaTeX modules and fonts will not be available.

If you need a LaTeX module that is not present in base packages, then the best alternative is to manually install TexLive from CTAN and use tlmgr to cherry pick the modules you need.


Is it possible to use a PS3 controller to emulate an xbox controller?

xboxdrv can do that, but only when the PS3 controller is connected via USB:

http://pingus.seul.org/~grumbel/xboxdrv/

As for the ids, I listed them below, but they won't really help you much. As you can see, Xbox360 USB and Xbox360 Wireless use different ones and most games don't care either way, they just use the button one after another and don't care which button is mapped to which physical button, you have to remap them manually in each game.

As for Wine, Wine only supports DirectInput and lacks Xinput support and many modern games require Xinput. To get around that you have to use a Xinput emulation .dll (same trick you have to use on Windows with older gamepads), haven't tried it myself, but it's described here:

https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!topic/xboxdrv/wgY0sp-drD8

-

USB Xbox360 Controller
======================

start BTN_START
guide BTN_MODE
back  BTN_SELECT

a    BTN_A
b    BTN_B
x    BTN_X
y    BTN_Y

lb    BTN_TL
rb    BTN_TR

tl    BTN_THUMBL
tr    BTN_THUMBR

x1 ABS_X:-32768:32767:16:128
y1 ABS_Y:-32768:32767:16:128

x2 ABS_RX:-32768:32767:16:128
y2 ABS_RY:-32768:32767:16:128

lt ABS_Z:0:255:0:0
rt ABS_RZ:0:255:0:0

dpad_x ABS_HAT0X:-1:1:0:0
dpad_y ABS_HAT0Y:-1:1:0:0

Wireless Xbox360 Controller
======================
dpad_up    BTN_0
dpad_down  BTN_1
dpad_left  BTN_LEFT
dpad_right BTN_RIGHT

start BTN_START
guide BTN_MODE
back  BTN_SELECT

a    BTN_A
b    BTN_B
x    BTN_X
y    BTN_Y

lb    BTN_TL
rb    BTN_TR

tl    BTN_THUMBL
tr    BTN_THUMBR

x1 ABS_X:-32768:32767:0:0
y1 ABS_Y:-32768:32767:0:0

x2 ABS_RX:-32768:32767:0:0
y2 ABS_RY:-32768:32767:0:0

lt ABS_Z:0:255:0:0
rt ABS_RZ:0:255:0:0


Does installing more desktop environments break my system?

No, it should not break the Ubuntu. And if you want to remove some of the xfce,gnome,kde desktops this might interest you: How to completely remove desktop?.


Yes, those are backup files, most Unix editors do that. You can disable them with:

unset backup

in your ~/.nanorc. See man nanorc for more information.


Re-installation did the trick

As I said above on the 1st edit, the partition free space was not enough (about 200-300 MB) and based on Karsus' comment above, Ubuntu installations with very low free space become unusable.

The 2nd edit above says that after I reinstalled, it worked fine. Probably because it freed up space.

In conclusion, since the system is unusable when the partition fills up, the answer is to backup your files on an other partition or external HDD or USB flash drive and reinstall your Ubuntu installation (mine was 14.04.5 LTS Trusty Tahr, yours might be whatever Ubuntu version you have installed and you like, e.g. 15.04 Vivid Vervet).


Remove Decoration of single window in Gnome 3

You can try to use _MOTIF_WM_HINTS...

To remove decorations:
xprop -f _MOTIF_WM_HINTS 32c -set _MOTIF_WM_HINTS "0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0"

To add decorations:
xprop -f _MOTIF_WM_HINTS 32c -set _MOTIF_WM_HINTS "0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0"

xprop will then ask you to select window or if you know window id then you can also pass -id parameter to xprop. Only you can not use mouse to resize windows, but keybindings should work.


Installing NetworkManager just installs the application in the background. Not the indicator. And it doesn't RUN either of them. Also, NetworkManager creates configuration files on-the-fly.

So, you need to make sure ...

*) NetworkManager is installed (apt-get install)
*) the indicator applet is installed (apt-get install)
*) NetworkManager is being started (systemctl start NetworkMananger)
*) check if it runs without errors (systemctl status NetworkMananger)
*) if yes, NetworkManager is being started upon reboot (systemctl enable NetworkMananger)
*) the indicator applet is being started (for example in your startup apps for your GUI ... depending on your GUI, check your control center)

And given all that happend, and another network application has not been in the way of NetworkMananger, you might or might not find basic settings in your list. For example for your wired connection.

BTW, just to have said it, in the applet you might find two setting like enable network and enable WIFI or similar label (I have it in a different language, so I don't know the exact english labels). With those disabled you won't get WIFI connections either.

If you don't have configuration files at this point, you can either create it by hand. Or another option is, given your driver and adapter are working, you should now have a list of available networks in your applet. Click on the wireless network you want to connect with will ask your for the password and create a basic configuration file, which afterwards you can edit.

And referring to WICD, if you are trying to go back to simpler days and make it simple and lightweight, you can also skip WICD and go directly to wpa supplicant and dhcpcd. Because that is what's really needed to connect. Everything else is just a helper ;)

Connecting would look approx like this:

ip link
(find out the label of your network adapter, example: wlan0)
ip link set dev wlan0 up
(activate the adapter)
wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c <(wpa_passphrase "WIFI Name - SSID" "Password") &
(connect to your WIFI)
dhcpcd wlan0 &
(get a dynamic IP from your modem/router)

Of course you would have to make sure your nameserver is set correctly in your /etc/resolv.conf.

And to disconnect you just:
ip link set dev wlan0 down


I'm running webmin and it have a bandwidth monitor that logs traffic thru iptables and then summaries it in a neat log.

Look at print
https://imgur.com/a/pansN


How do I fix hot corners not working in Ubuntu 18.10

Try the custom hot corner extension it works here.

Link to the extension: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1362/custom-hot-corners/


problems with "How to create a bootable USB stick on Windows"

The screenshot is just an example. The iso file that it is referring to is the Ubuntu distribution that you want to make bootable on this USB stick. So yes, just download a regular Ubuntu distribution from the Download Ubuntu Desktop page.


Service starts when called, but not on startup

First, you don't need script:

description "vgpush"

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]

chdir /home/computer
exec python pusher.py

Second, it may help to log the output. If you upgrade to 12.04 (Highly recommended!) you will have a log in /var/log/upstart/$jobname.log. For 10.04, you have to do it manually:

description "vgpush"

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]

chdir /home/computer
exec python pusher.py 2>&1 >> /var/log/vgpush.log

That may give some clue. If I had to guess, it is because vgpush needs a network interface to be up that is not, and 10.04 starts runlevel 2 before all network interfaces are ready.


How to shut down the computer after a task has been completed?

I know that this does not exactly answer your question but you can also make it time based i.e if you think that your download will complete in 2 hours you can simply issue command:

shutdown -h +120


Default tabpagemax is 10 as being pointed out by muru.

you can increase it by setting, for example to 100, to open 100 files max by default

set tabpagemax=100

and then use vim -p *.c
Does it have visible performance impact, Need to check

Note: Adding as a answer here as I don't have enough repo to add comment


Browsers are lagging when trying to load some webpages

Try to remove your browser cache, in Firefox by selecting "Extras" → "Remove newest history". Make sure, that all the ticks are selected.
It's possible that your computer loaded the webpages wrongly


Why don't the Fn-hotkeys on my Asus N56 laptop work?

The first thing I would try is to run xev from the terminal and try pressing the keys in question.

See what KeyPress events it reports. That might point to a solution you can find on your own or you could post them here.


In 16.04 the package ruby replaces rubygems, among it's installed files is /usr/bin/gem. So the answer is no, you just need to install ruby as there's no separate package for gem anymore.


Why are files I create on a mounted drive owned by a different user?

This is probably part of the mount command you used or the fstab entry you created for that particular mount.

If you followed a wiki page you may have created a line in file /etc/fstab that looks like:

//servername/sharename  /media/windowsshare  cifs  guest,uid=1000,iocharset=utf8  0  0

Replace uid=1000 with uid=1001 and you will be fine.

Edit

If you have another user with UID 1000 then he/she will end up having exactly the same problem. The way around that is not to use /etc/fstab but both of you have an autostart script that does:

mount -t cifs //servername/sharename  /media/windowsshare-userX -o guest,uid=100X,iocharset=utf8

You will need to replace userX and 100X with the correct values, create directories /media/windowsshare-userX and set the owher of these directories to be the respective user.


Netflix uses Microsoft's Silverlight plugin for their browser, not Flash...  As for Amazon, what doesn't work ? their movie service ? or the site in general ?

What you could try is to run Firefox/Chrome under Wine which means you are running a Windows version of the software and it will be able to use the Silverlight plugin that should let you play netflix/amazon movies with their quirky DRM...

http://www.winehq.org/download/ubuntu


`rm -rf ` and `rm -r` have the same results

In Ubuntu the rm command behaves as expected in removing files we own without prompting when running with option -f.

Example for a write-protected file:

:~/Test$ rm test.txt
rm: remove write-protected regular empty file ‘test.txt’? n
:~/Test$ rm -f test.txt
:~/Test$

Root will be able to remove all files irrespect of permissions. This is why we may not see a difference from option -f when running sudo rm.

  We should be aware that the behaviour of Unix commands may be different on a different OS.

Please also take care to double check your command when running rm recusively (-r). This command when accidentally issued on the wrong path will irreversibly purge all files there. This may be dangerous to your system health, even more so when run without prompting for errors (-f).


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS not recognizing my wifi router

I don't know what wireless card you have in your computer.. or what router you have, but some of the latest BT routers (and probably others) are using new encryption protocols that some older wireless cards/software simply don't support. you may be able to change the encryption system in your router by logging in using a wired connection, and then opting for older wifi encryption .. sorry i cant remember ffhand the names of the encrption protocols.. offhand.. but this solution worked for a friend of mine.. after changing it suddenly his wifi appeared in the list, and he was happy


Empty partition window when installing leads to "no root file system is defined"

Figured it out. Had to switch to AHCI in my BIOS.


Look at this:

https://askubuntu.com/a/884122/831708

Maybe hd-idle works for your System too as described in the link. But I have a similar behavior after upgrading to 18.04 ... on 16.04 all usb drives were spinning down automatically, with 18.04 they are just running :/


Run gedit ~/.gconf/apps/compiz-1/plugins/obs/screen0/options/%gconf.xml and you should see something like this:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<gconf>
        <entry name="opacity_values" mtime="1332424921" type="list" ltype="int">

        </entry>
        <entry name="opacity_matches" mtime="1332424762" type="list" ltype="string">

                        <stringvalue>class=Ccsm</stringvalue>

        </entry>
</gconf>

Note the first
 in <entry name="opacity_values" ..> so that it reads
.  Save, log out and back in and it should be fixed.

Or you can disable the opacity plugin with one (long) command:

gconftool-2 --set --type=list --list-type=string /apps/compiz-1/general/screen0/options/active_plugins "$(gconftool-2 --get  /apps/compiz-1/general/screen0/options/active_plugins | sed 's/obs,?//')"

That will need you to log out and in again still.

Edit (this won't work for fixed-opacity windows): The default binding for increasing opacity is Alt-MousewheelUp so you could guess where the window is and try that.


Installed Ubuntu Server - need to remote access

You can access your server remotely via a terminal. You'll need to install/configure OpenSSH on your server.

See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SSH/OpenSSH/Configuring

On your client machine, you'll need software like PuTTY (http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/)

In PuTTY, simply type in the IP Address of the server. If your server is not on the same subnet as the client machine, you'll need to forward the appropriate ports (on your router) to the server.


Try searching with a keyword "kiosk" as a software solutions for places where users share a computer, come and go.
Check out GMusicBrowser. It might be able to do what you want.
On a LinuxLinks site I see a list of jukebox players - after I quick look at Shrill and Room Juice I see they do have the desired feature of limiting controls (adding songs to queue only) but it would be nice to find something with moderin GUI.

magu_ is asking for a program that features prevention of songs being played right away and that allows party people to queue songs only. Right? Reading other answers I see it might have been not explicit enough.


Extract unencrypted duplicity backup when all sigtar and most manifest files are missing

collection status finds a chain in file:///home/hamish/poonbackup2014 . so theoretically you should be able to restore the whole backup.
signatures are only needed to restore single files/folders or list the contents.

..ede/duply.net


modern PC should have the option like USB HDD, then move it up to the boot list according the bios tip. at the same time make sure the usb stick is booteable.


Can't access apache web server locally after changing router

Ok, So what fixed it was adding my reverse proxy IP and server hostnames in my client machine /etc/hosts file. Now it navigates fine. But 2 things I don't understand 1. do I need to go to every client and edit the hosts file (That seems inefficient) and 2. why was this never a problem with the previous router? So not completely solved, but functional for now.


Installing rails involves compiling some C source code, which requires the header files of whatever libraries the C code happens to use. At minimum, the ruby-dev package must be installed, as that provides the header files for Ruby itself. The specific error you've seen appears to be due to its absence, since /usr/lib/ruby/include/ruby.h is absence.

Installing ruby-dev is often sufficient to solve this problem. However, I've found that, on recent Ubuntu systems that don't have zlib1g-dev installed, I need that too. My guess is that people often have it installed already and that this is why it is less often necessary to install.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install ruby-dev zlib1g-dev

After you install those packages, you can simply run your gem install command again. If there are more errors that talk about not being able to find header files, you can install the appropriate -dev packages, but I don't expect there to be anything else you need to install.

Installing ruby-dev also sometimes fixes gem install problems whose error mentions don't name a missing header file.

Depending on what you are trying to do, you might also consider the alternatives of:

installing Rails via the rails package (sudo apt install rails), though that may not give you the version you want if you need a specific version, or
installing Rails with gem install without sudo, so that it is installed in your home directory (which you should be able to do), or
other methods that let you a specifically desired version of Ruby as well.


How can I get a Fuji Xerox M225 dw scanner to be detected?

I also buy Fuji Xerox DocuPrint M225 dw and I have problems about scanner driver installation on my linux laptop too (Ubuntu 14.04). I have tried with several methods to install it. Fortunately, I've found the way to make it works.

I have installed Fuji Xerox DocuPrint M225 dw driver using Brother DCP-L2540DW driver. Followed by these steps.

Connect the scanner to the network and setup the IP address for it. For example 172.18.9.103
Download and install driver brscan4-0.4.2-1.amd64.deb or brscan4-0.4.2-1.i386.deb. For this example using the 64bit version.

$ wget http://www.brother.com/pub/bsc/linux/dlf/brscan4-0.4.2-1.amd64.deb

$ sudo dpkg -i brscan4-0.4.2-1.amd64.deb
Add network scanner with this command.

$ brsaneconfig4 -a \
name=FX-DocuPrint-M225-dw \
model=DCP-L2540DW \
ip=172.18.9.103
The configurations are stored in /opt/brother/scanner/brscan4/brsanenetdevice4.cfg
Make sure brother4 is in /etc/sane.d/dll.conf and uncomment.
Open simple-scan. The title Brother *FX-DocuPrint-M225-dw should be displayed in Scan Source.

For example. I scan my A4 handwriting.


Can somebody explain the results for the nvidia-smi command in a terminal?

The first part of your screenshot:

Indicates you have a PCI Device identified as 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation and its details. Which mostly means you have a GPU or Video Card (You Lucky Guy!)

The second part of your screenshot shows the results of nvidia-smi, from the developer's manpage:

  nvidia-smi (also NVSMI) provides monitoring and management
  capabilities       for each of NVIDIA's Tesla, Quadro, GRID and
  GeForce devices from Fermi       and higher architecture families.
  GeForce Titan series devices are sup-       ported for most functions
  with very limited  information  provided  for       the  remainder  of
  the  Geforce brand.  NVSMI is a cross platform tool       that
  supports all standard NVIDIA driver-supported  Linux  distros,  as
  well as 64bit versions of Windows starting with Windows Server 2008
  R2.       Metrics can be consumed directly by users via stdout,  or
  provided  by       file via CSV and XML formats for scripting
  purposes.

From the developer: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/DCGM/docs/nvidia-smi-367.38.pdf

If you need information for a specific part of this data, you may wish to edit your question and add the specific information for what you wish an answer.

BTW: Reading the manual may provide a lot of useful help.


Wifi interference between phone and desktop

I can suggest only one solution. If it does not work, then it is impossible to use this Ralink dongle with Ubuntu. Run in terminal:

sudo modprobe rt2800usb nohwcrypt=1

Then unplug and plug in the dongle again. If this helps, then get it permanent.

echo "options rt2800usb nohwcrypt=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/rt2800usb.conf


It happens sometimes when mojang amazon server have some troubles, I think the best thing to do is to wait.
You can check here http://help.mojang.com/ the mojang server statuses.


journalctl is part of systemd.

Many packages depend on rsyslog and it is not recommended to uninstall it.

see:

apt-cache rdepends rsyslog


Try this:

Enable: Preferences > Contents > Play DRM Content;
Download the User Agent Switcher Add-On. After installed change your User Agent to Chrome Browser and Linux System. Netflix will think you are using Google Chrome.

User Agent Switcher Add-On: [https://addons.mozilla.org/pt-br/firefox/addon/user-agent-switcher-firefox/]


How to install VirtualBox on Kubuntu 12.04 with lts-raring hardware enablement stack?

I chatted with VirtualBox devs on IRC and they told me that Ubuntu does not regularly accept bug fixes from the VirtualBox devs. They recommended that I install the latest VirtualBox package from virtualbox.org, which I did. That solved the problem.

The download link for Linux is:

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads

It is actually a simpler install because you don't need to install guest additions separately. Uninstall the Ubuntu virtualbox packages using apt-get remove or purge.


Install Ubuntu on a partition of secondary HDD

Create a full system backup
Boot From Ubuntu Disc/USB and choose:

installation
When you see Installation Type select "something else"
on the next page Device for bootloader installation"1TB HDD".
Make a ext4 / mounted partition
click next.

That's all.


This could work (run in a terminal):
xmodmap -e "keycode 66 = KP_0"

You can discover the keycode or keyname by using xev.
Numlock needs to be on. If it's off, the 0 key may be named KP_insert.
There's a great answer to a similar question here (askubuntu) and it covers in some detail how you can use xmodmap and xev to achieve your goal.


Are we allowed to distribute our App Showdown entries prior to submission?

Absolutely, you can release your code and get people excited about it and using it at any time.  In fact, we would highly encourage participants to do this, as it will give you excellent feedback to help improve your app before the final submission deadline.


How to set Caps Lock to write a character?

I solved it by xmodmap:

1- I find Caps Lock key value by xev, my CapsLock key has 66 of keycode.

2- Assign $ on the Caps Lock:

$ xmodmap -e "keycode 66 = dollar"

List of Keysyms Recognised by Xmodmap


gnome-shell, while containing the actual shell used for your Gnome session, does not come with a xsession file.

The xsession file for Gnome is part of the package gnome-session. Install that, after logging out you should be able to pick Gnome from your login manager's list.


Regarding the question in your title, ID3 tags are specific to mp3 files, and this metadata is stored in the files themselves. There are several dedicated tag editors that work in Ubuntu.

However, if you're specifically interested in album art, things are a bit different.  Banshee does not have the option to embed album art into the files themselves. Instead, Banshee saves album art in ~/cache/media-art, according to the Media Art Storage Spec.

It would be helpful to know what exactly you're trying to do, though. Generally the easiest way to organize covers in your media player is simply to edit the track in question and drag-and-drop your preferred album artwork onto the editor, replacing any existing cover.


Set a script to run automatically after apt-get dist-upgrade, install, remove and purge?

You can automatically run a script by creating a new file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99ownscript containing:

DPkg::Post-Invoke {"/bin/bash /path/to/script.sh"; };

Note that this file does not have to be executable, just 644 mode is sufficient.


Nexus 4 shows less memory that installed in the device after removing Ubuntu Touch

To make sure you start from a pristine setup; the best option is to install the factory images, the ones for the Nexus 4 (occam/mako) are here:

https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/images#occam

Extract the file, enter the extracted directory and run the ./flash-all.sh command.

Afterwards you could follow the installation procedure for CyanogenMod from their guide.

The most likely cause for having less available space, given no repartitioning happened at all, is that something was not wiped from the userdata partition when moving over.


There is no single answer: A tarball is not an organized package of software, but a bunch of files that happen to be transmitted together in a single-file archive. Those files are installed however the install instructions or script might dictate.
Look carefully at that tarball. Did it include uninstall instructions? Or an uninstall script? If not, you must figure out what it installed and where, and remove each file manually.
The pain of tarballs is why distros moved away from tarballs to organized software packages and package managers over 20 years ago.


I too switched from DropBox to Copy because of its great Linux integration.
I have tried their software CudaDrive on Windows which lets you access files in the cloud without having to sync them to your local device.

I achieved what you are trying to do on Suse and *ubuntus 15.04 and 15.10 by using third party software called StorageMadeEasy. You may not wish to use a third party proprietary piece of software and certainly askubuntu mods dislike this solution but it meets every criteria in your question.

They provide a deb which once installed allows you to map your copy cloud as a network drive.

Steps:

Create a free account with StorageMadeEasy and link your copy account
to it.
Download and install the deb (or relevant package for other distros)
from https://storagemadeeasy.com/LinuxDrive/
Create an empty folder that you can mount the copy folder to Search
SME from the menu, this will bring up three options, choose SME
client.
Sign in with your StorageMadeEasy account
Select the previously created empty folder
Click the big Mount button and wait for the success popup.
You can now browse and edit your copy.com files as if they were
local.

Alternatively with the StorageMadeEasy account you can access the copy.com folder using WebDAV. I'm afraid I haven't experience with this but this option is applicable to every linux distro whether a package exists or not.

I'm not associated with SME or Barracuda in any way other than being a customer.


Regular expression that will catch strings containing 2 specific words

String to catch:

must-c046-was001-ix.1.oca.best.net

Regex (PCRE form):

/must-[a-z0-9-.]+best[a-z.]+/

The regex explainer here will help to decipher it.

It will find a string with "must-" at the start followed by at least one lowercase-letter, number, dash, or dot; then "best" followed by at least one letter or dot. I'd use the "g" option at the end normally but if you're using some systems that won't work, eg kpcre doesn't include that option, but includes for example "i" (as the last character after the slash to make the match case-insensitive.


Trying to install ubuntu netbook 10.10 but it hangs on the "who are you" screen

Are you installing from a usb key? If possible, try another key. I had the same issue and tried another usb key, which worked flawlessly.


How can I make the movement of files a real movement of files?

The default operation when dragging a file to somewhere on the same drive as the original location is to move it. If dragging between drives, then the default is a copy operation. You could drag the file using the middle mouse button instead of holding Alt to be given the option.

These settings are the same as previous Ubuntu releases as well as on Windows.


Copying contents of subdirectories in their parent directories

Here is a suggestion on how to do it:

First you iterate over the folders, inside every folder you search and find the files and copy them to its parent folder.

#!/bin/bash

#Iterate over the folders
for folder in main/*
do
    #Copy the files into the folder
    find $folder -name "*.jpeg" -type f -exec cp {} $folder \; -print
done

#After its done: delete the originals
find main -mindepth 3 -name "*.jpeg" -type f -delete

I just wrote a quick find to delete the files at the end. You could also do this from within the for loop.


You have two options.

For system-wide availability of the color theme, use sudo to copy it there:

sudo cp colortheme.vim /usr/share/vim/vim74/colors

If that isn't necessary, use your own vim configuration folder:

mkdir -p ~/.vim/colors
cp colortheme.vim ~/.vim/colors


Apps are opening on different apps icon in the toolbar

I have the same problem. The only solution I have is opening Chrome first and then using the Slack app. If I do it in the reversed order nothing will fix it besides a restart...


I had a similar problem on my Asus notebook. Asus offered tools to store the recovery information on an external hard drive (or a DVD), such that I could safely delete the recovery partition.
Maybe HP has something similar?

Edit: it's written down in the how-to's concerning recovery on the support site.


Install Ubuntu inside/alongside windows 7

Since you have already made the bootable USB, then change First Boot Device in BIOS to Boot USB.  Once the boot process starts, click on install Ubuntu

Once the installation starts, Select install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7. Click continue.

Make sure that you have the proper drive selected from the drop-down.

The right partition is where Ubuntu is going to be installed. The left partition is the Windows operating system.  Drag the handle bar to re-size the Ubuntu partition. Once you have selected the the size of your Ubuntu partition click install now.


BIOS

Note: Backup important files before performing a BIOS update.

You have BIOS 1.0.19, and the latest is 1.0.21, and can be downloaded here.

Memory

Go here and download/run their free memtest to test your memory. Get at least one complete pass of all the 4/4 tests to confirm good memory. This may take many hours to complete.

Nvidia

Confirm that you have Nvidia driver 440.82 installed. It can be downloaded here.

SSD

If your SSD is Samsung, in Windows, download their Samsung Magician software and check your firmware. Download it here.


What Is The Difference Between "root", "user", "group"?

root: is a special account which is usually locked in Ubuntu. This account is in effect the ultimate super user and can change anything on the system.  If you want to enable this account you can but its not recommended see How to enable root login? For how this can be done and a discussion on why its not recommended.

user: These are the users of your systems there are three types administrators, normal users and guest. Administrators can make major changes to the system while normal users can not. There is a useful summary in the RootSudo Comunity Documentation.  The guest account is used to provide casual access to someone (to play a game, surf the web, etc.) without giving them access to other users files. Any files they create are automatically removed when they log out.

groups A user can be a member of one or more groups groups are used to control privileges within the system for example all administrators are in the sudo group but you can also create you own groups.  You may for example have a sales team who need to share some files but you want to prevent other people from accessing these files.  By creating a special group for these people you can do that. See:How can I share a directory with an another user? for how you can set this up.


It turns out that the unattended-upgrades package actually has a parameter for this:

/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades

EDIT: in fact there is more than one way to do it, and it's documented in the server manual:
https://help.ubuntu.com/10.10/serverguide/C/automatic-updates.html


how to permanently turn off wired network in ubuntu 12.04

Try to untick the 'Connect automatically' box (or something else, i'm not using the english version of Ubuntu) in the wired connection settings.


Answering your questions one by one.

Okay, so my system is x86_64, which means it is 32bit, correct?

No. x84_64 means that your system is 64 bit.

For a 32 bit machine, the output of uname -a would be something like:

Linux discworld 2.6.38-8-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 11 03:31:50 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

          While, as it is in your case, the output for 64 bit machine would be something like:

 Linux discworld 2.6.38-8-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 11 03:31:50 UTC 2011 x86_64  x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

My confusion is over the fact when I was installing the google talk plugin, the i386 .deb didn't work and the amd64 did. Why?

Since your computer is 64 bit, you should install the software packages built for 64 bit architecture. Ofcourse, if such packages are not available you can revert to 32 bit packages.
Also, if I install a program with dkpg, will my other package managers (synaptic, software center, ect) know about it?

Yes, they will.

However you'd need to make sure that the sources in Ubuntu Software Center are correctly set. To do so:

Open Ubuntu Software Center.
Then go to Edit > Software Sources.
In the Other Software tab, make sure that the following are ticked:


Send every 15 seconds (e.g.) an alive packet to keep connection up:

ssh user@server -o ServerAliveInterval=15


In large-scale environments, like labs, or corporate systems, to facilitate administration and allow users to work on multiple PCs, home directories are made available over the network, typically via NFS. In such cases, user accounts are also served over the network, using LDAP or something similar.

A lot of things can be served over NFS - for example, if every system is nearly identical, /usr can be (with a bit of work). But, as anybody who has a home directory on NFS and left Firefox open on some system can tell you, lock files really shouldn't be on NFS shared over multiple systems.

And typically, in such cases, the average user does not have administrative access to any common system.


NTFS partition becomes read-only after system upgrade?

I had the same problem! so here is what i did and it works now:

First install the ntfs-3g  driver:

Open your "Terminal" in ubuntu 11.10 by hitting the "windows" key on your keyboard and search for "terminal". Or by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T. Run the following command:

sudo apt-get install ntfs-3g

Open/Edit your fstab:

While in "Terminal" take a backup from your "/etc/fstab" (in case things went wrong) by this command:

sudo cp -v /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak

Then open and edit /etc/fstab by running:

gksu gedit /etc/fstab

If you have a line like this:

UUID=8CE282A2E2828FDE /media/d        ntfs    defaults,umask=007,gid=46 0       0

Then change it to:

UUID=8CE282A2E2828FDE /media/d        ntfs-3g    uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=000 0       0

Save the fstab file, close the text editor, then restart your machine and it should work.

Note: The UUID mentioned in this example is my device/partition ID. Yours may be different. and if you didn't find this line in your "fstab" file please refer to this article for more info about fstab.

Also this a nice article about changing umask value.


Press Ctrl+Alt+F1(Desired Function key) this way you will switch
to another tty

After logging in to this console (Entering username    and password)
run this command: tty this will show you the number    of current
tty.

To start Xserver also run this command (place value of returned tty number in place of n)
and for your knowledge :2 is number of the $DISPLAY instance.
startx -display :2 -- :2 vtn &

Like I'm doing this for tty1 here:
startx -display :2 -- :2 vt1 &

at this point you can launch your graphical application
though you can use this alternative instead of previous command:
xinit session -- :1 -xf86config config.conf

Next step is running a graphical program in TTYn:(like VirtualBox in
Virtual terminal n)
Start a detached X server (again replace n with tty number like:vt1):
sudo X -quiet -nolisten tcp -noreset :4 vtn

Run wathever application you want like VirtualBox, for example:
DISPLAY=:4 virtualbox &

Note: Don't forget the you should enter all these commands just in dedicated tty (Ctrl+Alt+F1) and not in your graphical console.


Warning editing rc.local (/etc/rc.local)

Many applications show these messages to standard out/standard error in spite of there being no actual problem.

Note that they are warnings, and the application is likely probing for optional functionality that does not exist on your system. If you managed to write the changes you wanted to /etc/rc.local you should have no problem.

However, sudo is not recommended for graphical programs. gksudo will be able to properly manage permissions on graphical control and authority files, meaning that there is less risk of further warnings or possibly errors.


You want to kill a process owned as root without sudo.

This is impossible - either you are super user or have sudo powers, or you aren't.  If you aren't then you have to either let it finish the process... or do the much more evil option and shut off the system.

If a shutdown won't work then a power off will - you can damage the filesystem this way but the process will die - either with the power off of the "halt all remaining processes"  during shutdown.


Is there a command to alter active window opacity?

Using the keyboard
It's possible to use the keyboard to decrease or increase the opacity of the active window by increments of 5%.
To do so, open System Settings > Global Shortcuts > KWin. In the Action column, find Decrease Opacity of Active Window by 5% and Increase Opacity of Active Window by 5%. Set appropriate keyboard shortcuts for each of the actions and click Apply. That's it.

Using the mouse wheel
If one prefers, there's a option using the mouse wheel.
Open System Settings > Window Management > Window Behavior and click on the Window Actions tab.
In the section titled Inner Window, Titlebar & Frame, click on the dropdown next to Mouse wheel and choose Change Opacity. Then click Apply.
Note: you have a choice of Alt or Meta (aka Super) as the modifier key.


Uncheck the "Use system title bars and borders" option:

This will eliminate the title bar, and merge the window control buttons (Close, Minimize, etc.) with the tab bar.


Upgrade to Ubuntu 19.10 fail to install mysql-server-8.0

MySQL Server cannot be started to finish its installation:

Error while setting value 'IGNORE_SPACE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION' to 'sql_mode'

One or multiple of these sql modes are no longer available in the new MySQL version. In your case it is NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER.

See a list of valid modes here: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-options.html#option_mysqld_sql-mode

Edit your /etc/mysql/my.cnf and remove the non-valid modes from the list at option sql-mode=...


How do I install tor on my ubuntu system?

Download https://www.torproject.org/dist/torbrowser/linux/tor-browser-gnu-linux-i686-2.3.25-6-dev-en-US.tar.gz (or more recent from https://www.torproject.org/projects/torbrowser.html.en )
Uncompress it.
Execute start-tor-browser
A dialog appears with a progress bar. After a minute or so a Firefox window will appear, it is anonymized.


Applying languages / locale selectively: is it possible?

Abolutely,

go to System → Administration → Language Support
at Language, select English as your default language:

And in the Text tab, choose Dutch as your preffered Locale for numbers, dates and currency.

I've been using this setting for a long time, and it's a bit weird sometimes, you may see something like "This file was modified on Maandag...", but it works very well with most apps.

After a bit of troubleshooting, it turns out you also have to:

Click 'Apply System-Wide'
Reboot


Size of partitions during Ubuntu install

No need to separate /boot partition really.

For / without /home partition, 12-15 GB will be more than sufficient.

For /home, it will be where you will be storing all your files, it's more upto you do decide, I personally keep that around 32-35 GB. I suggest you more though.

SWAP should be more than the RAM of your system, for instance if you have 2GB RAM, do allocate 2GB+ SWAP space.


Corrupted graphics on Kubuntu 14.04 under VMware

I had the same problem with xubuntu. It works if I use a Linux 3.13.0-27 Kernel, with a newer one I have that problem.


The Xfce Panel support two types of plugins:

Internal: are loadable modules, using the GModule interface.

External. are separate programs that are embedded into the panel using the GtkPlug and GtkSocket mechanism.

In order to handle these plugins the plugin system was entirely rewritten, along with the rest of the panel framework.

The API documentation is installed with the panel and also available from:

http://www.xfce.org/documentation/api/

Source


In addition to using the correct interface name, and correcting the netmask line, as suggested in comments, your file also lists the address field as 192.168.0.107 instead of 192.168.1.107.

You also need to remove these two lines:

auto lo enp2s0
iface lo inet loopback

And replace them with:

auto enp2s0

So your whole /etc/network/interfaces file should look like this:

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto enp2s0
iface enp2s0 inet static
 address 192.168.1.107
 netmask 255.255.255.0
 gateway 192.168.1.1
 dns-nameservers 200.45.191.35 200.45.48.233

Rather than rebooting you can restart your interface with:

ifdown enp2s0 && enp2s0


It sounds like the permissions on your options file has been incorrectly set. Can you navigate to the file /home/<USERNAME>*/.config/gedit (Go to the hidden folder .config and right click on the gedit folder, then select properties from the drop down menu) and make sure that the permissions are set to the following: ****(swap your username for <USERNAME>)***

If they do not look like this, let me know and we'll sort it out.


HowTo change Mouse Cursors in all Windows and Applications?

1. Open a terminal and enter

~$ sudo emacs /usr/share/icons/default/index.theme

Then, let's say your wanted cursor theme name is PolarCursorTheme-Blue, in that file change the Inherits property to:

Inherits=PolarCursorTheme-Blue

Save the file and exit emacs (or your favorite editor).

2.  LogIn and LogOut

Now it works across all applications.

Can somebody from the Ubuntu dev team please implement a automatic Mouse Switcher into the very core operating system. This is a core feature everybody I asked, wants.


Go inside Ubuntu and run the command

sudo update-grub

This will update the menus.
If not then kindly reinstall the OS on the exact same location.
When reinstalling, do not repartition, do not select format, select same / and /home partitions as before.

OR

try using the ubuntu recovery mode.

One of the 3 should work for you.
Thank you.


Error while launching xampp [Unknown Error couldn't connect to display "desktop:0"]

use xhost + in /opt/lampp or in the installed directory
 This should solve it.


After more looking around, I've found two relevant issues on the kernel bugtracker that describe the same symptoms I'm experiencing. This one is marked as fixed, but this other one is new, with people reporting it's not yet fixed.

There seems to be something going on with putting the computer to sleep. The CPU runs normally, i.e. at low frequencies while idle, just after a reboot, but is stuck to high frequencies after waking up from sleep. After a fresh reboot, my frequencies looks like this (compare to what's posted in the question):

$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq
1588875
800062
800062
800062
928500
2112937
800250
1911750

I guess for now we just have to wait until this is fixed.


Why don't my php files work on my Apache2 server?

Okay, I now found out the main problem was I didn't get any error messages.

To solve this, open the file /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini in a text editor as root. (In the terminal window, type the command sudo emacs /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini and press enter).
Locate the line

display_errors = Off

and change it to

display_errors = On`

This helped me see that there was nothing wrong with PostgreSQL when using it with Apache2 installed separately (as opposed to when using XAMPP). See this answer too, for more details on how to set up a developer environment on Debian/Ubuntu, to avoid having to use XAMPP if you wish to avoid it.