{Begin: Running /scripts/local-block ... done, stuck in initramfs} on Ubuntu 17.10 startup

According to the screenshot, the reason of dropping to initramfs is that root partition was not found. There could be two reasons for that:

UUID is not correct in GRUB's kernel menu for root parameter
LVM has not been loaded by initrd and since your root partition is on an LVM volume it was not able to find it

To verify if it's #1 or #2, run the following commands in initramfs console:

vgchange -ay
blkid | grep <uuid that you see on screen>

If the UUID is found then it's #2 (LVM was not loaded by initrd), and you should follow this link: Can't find LVM root dropped back to initramfs

If UUID was not found, you will simply need to provide the correct UUID in root parameters of your GRUB menu.

To figure out what the right UUID is run blkid to see what is assigned to the root partition. There is usually a 'root' word in the partition mount point, e.g. on my machine blkid would show something like this:

/dev/mapper/ubuntu--server-root: UUID="9daacbc2-160c-..." TYPE="ext4"


Ubuntu Server NON system HDD transfer rate

I accidentally found the answer to my question. The problem was the filesystem of the second drive. Looks like Linux doesnt like NTFS very much. I reformated to EXT4 and all is OK now ... Can copy with max drive speed :)


Update virtualized ubuntu server 14.04.6 to 16.04 - error No new release found

If you present this failure when updating, the correct way to update the Ubuntu 14.04 LTS to the server console 16.04 LTS.

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt dist-upgrade && sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt-get install update-manager-core
sudo cat /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

we edit the line Prompt = and replace Prompt = lts

sudo do-release-upgrade -p

We validate the version and specified the repositories

hostnamectl
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install

if you present this error

apt-get: relocation error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-pkg.so.5.0: symbol _ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE7compareERKS4_, version GLIBCXX_3.4.21 not defined in file libstdc++.so.6 with link time reference

We download and install the packages (libstdc ++ 6 and gcc-5-base) corresponding to our system
https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/i386/libstdc++6/download

https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial-updates/amd64/libstdc++6/download

https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/i386/gcc-5-base/download

https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/amd64/gcc-5-base/download

we copy to the server using the WinSCP program, install the packages

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

finished the installation we execute the commands

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get upgrade -f

Update Ubuntu server 16.04.6 LTS to 18.04 LTS (console)

sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade && sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt-get install update-manager-core
sudo do-release-upgrade -p
sudo apt-get update

Ready OS updated


What is the difference between the "start" and "start now" options in Transmission?

I believe if you have multiple things downloading and you click start it'll put it in the queue until a download spot opens up. If you start now it starts it even if all download spots are currently downloading. Just a guess, but makes sense


Can't click allow or deny or even close on the flash "____ is requesting permission to store data" popup

I had the same problem once, I don't remember how I solved it but it might be the way described in this forum. the idea is to go to this site and set it to allow it to 'never ask again' (not ideal but well). I seem to remember an other way with going into the flash folder and removing a certain file, but I cannot remember, maybe I can find it or someone else can provide that answer...

ps. in this bug report is mentioned that the bug will not occure in unity 2d, or gnome fallback


Having trouble installing a TP-link driver

Please download this file on some other computer and transfer it to the desktop of the subject computer: https://github.com/abperiasamy/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux/archive/master.zip Right-click it and select 'Extract Here.' Now, in a terminal:

cd ~/Desktop/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux-master
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe rtl8812au

Now that we have the wireless working correctly, we'll refine this a bit.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dkms
cd ~/Desktop/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux-master
sudo cp -R . /usr/src/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux-1.0
sudo dkms add -m rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux -v 1.0
sudo dkms build -m rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux -v 1.0
sudo dkms install -m rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux -v 1.0

Credit: How to install TP-LINK Archer T4U driver?


How to fix Openstack-Install Juju bootstrap error: must be str, not None

This was addressed @ https://github.com/Ubuntu-Solutions-Engineering/openstack-installer/issues/631

Basically boiled down to not running the installer as a non-root user.


12.04.2 LTS 32-bit Server does not start graphic interface in VMWare 5.0?

A server normally doesn't include a GUI desktop. A likely short answer is to run this in your terminal:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop

but see community help for more details and options. Don't miss "Arguments against a GUI (on a server)."

To your last point, no root pw, the Ubuntu installer does not set up a root user. Still, your normal user will have sudo privileges, and you can add a root user if you wish.


How come a python file is executable even though its permissions are 644?

Yes, Python only requires the file contents to be read. Recall that Python is an interpreted language (like PHP, Ruby, etc.) and just processes the contents of that file, rather than executing it; python is the executable here!

For proper background information; note that you can run scripts two ways:

Calling the interpreter with the file as input/argument does not require other than read permissions, e.g.:

python myscript.py

Run the script by its shebang does require the executable bit set.

./myscript.py

The shebang (first line in the file) is then something like

#!/usr/bin/env python


setting up ufw for a website, I want to to disallow everything except ssh, e-mail, and http

The easiest solution is to find your current IP, and first do the following:

  sudo ufw allow in from 192.168.1.100

Where 192.168.1.100 would be your current IP.  This way you don't block yourself out from the machine.


How do I remove Kernel 3.1 that I added via a PPA?

First boot into a kernel that you DONT want to remove i.e. boot into 3.0.x not 3.1.x.

To remove the packages you have just installed, you will need to find out their names.  Run the following in a terminal:

dpkg -l | grep "linux\-[a-z]*\-"

For example - in my case:

What you are looking for are similarly named kernel 3.1 packages -

For my example - I've highlighted similar packages I want to remove - the command syntax would be:

sudo apt-get remove linux-headers-2.6.38-11
sudo apt-get remove linux-headers-2.6.38-11-generic
sudo apt-get remove linux-image-2.6.38-11-generic

To make it easier, just copy and paste the package names after typing sudo apt-get remove

Finish off by running:

sudo update-grub


18.04 only booted into terminal, so I reinstalled gdm3 and now everything is weird

That is just XFCE. XFCE is just another desktop environment for Linux.
If you want the more traditional Ubuntu desktop you can log out and then when you are logging back in, there should be a gear icon. If you click on it there should be a few options, one saying Ubuntu. Click on that, then login and you should be using your old desktop environment.
In the event that there is not Ubuntu option, you can reinstall Ubuntu GNOME by first installing tasksel by typing sudo apt install tasksel into the terminal. And then sudo tasksel install ubuntu-desktop into the terminal. After that reboot and check if there is an Ubuntu option, select it and login.


Could not bind to 127.0.0.1:9050: Address already in use. Is Tor already running?


Install additional drivers to USB from mac?

From other computer which has internet connection, or by using wired connection, do the following steps (copy to mbp and do make-make install):

wget http://bues.ch/b43/fwcutter/b43-fwcutter-018.tar.bz2 http://bues.ch/b43/fwcutter/b43-fwcutter-018.tar.bz2.asc
tar xjf b43-fwcutter-018.tar.bz2
cd b43-fwcutter-018
make
sudo make install
cd ..

For Linux kernel 3.2 and newer we need to download and install version 5.100.138 of Broadcom’s proprietary driver (also from other computer which has internet connection and install it in mbp):

wget http://www.lwfinger.com/b43-firmware/broadcom-wl-5.100.138.tar.bz2
tar xjf broadcom-wl-5.100.138.tar.bz2
mkdir -p lib/firmware
sudo b43-fwcutter -w "lib/firmware" broadcom-wl-5.100.138/linux/wl_apsta.o

The next step is  to activate/deactivate one of wireless drivers because we have more than one. To deactivate,

sudo modprobe -r b43 bcma
sudo modprobe -r wl

And to activate,

sudo modprobe b43
sudo modprobe wl


How can I set up a side-scrolling wallpaper?

Update 10/22/16

The script has been updated to match requirements in this question : https://askubuntu.com/a/840381/295286

Transition and duration were made optional and having default values. -s option is also added for sizing of wallpapers ( same as Tile, Scale, Stretch  options from System Settings ).

Just like I said in the comments, you would have to cut down the image into even sized or overlapping pieces and create a slideshow for it. I don't know the license of that specific image that you want, so I will leave it up to you to cut it(Hint).

However, here is an animated wallpaper generator script that I have written. Usage is very simple. As shown by -h option:

usage: xml_wallpaper_maker.py [-h] -d DIRECTORY -t TRANSITION -l LENGTH [-o]

Serg's XML slideshow creator

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -d DIRECTORY, --directory DIRECTORY
                        Directory where images stored
  -t TRANSITION, --transition TRANSITION
                        transition time in seconds
  -l LENGTH, --length LENGTH
                        Time length in seconds per image
  -o, --overlay         Enables use of overlay transition

Example:

./xml_wallpaper_maker.py -d Pictures/My_SideScroller_Images/ -t 5 -l 10

Source code

Also available on GitHub

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#
# Author: Serg Kolo , contact: 1047481448@qq.com
# Date: September 2 , 2016
# Purpose: A program that creates and launches XML slideshow
#
# Tested on: Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
#
#
# Licensed under The MIT License (MIT).
# See included LICENSE file or the notice below.
#
# Copyright © 2016 Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.

from gi.repository import Gio
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
import lxml.etree as etree
import argparse
import sys
import os

def gsettings_set(schema, path, key, value):
    """Set value of gsettings schema"""
    if path is None:
        gsettings = Gio.Settings.new(schema)
    else:
        gsettings = Gio.Settings.new_with_path(schema, path)
    if isinstance(value,list ):
        return gsettings.set_strv(key, value)
    if isinstance(value,int):
        return gsettings.set_int(key, value)
    if isinstance(value,str):
        return gsettings.set_string(key,value)

def parse_args():
        """ Parses command-line arguments """
        arg_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description='Serg\'s XML slideshow creator',
        )

        arg_parser.add_argument(
                                '-d', '--directory',
                                help='Directory where images stored',
                                type=str,
                                required=True
                                )

        arg_parser.add_argument(
                                '-t','--transition',
                                type=float,
                                help='transition time in seconds',
                                required=True
                                )

        arg_parser.add_argument(
                                '-l','--length',
                                type=float,
                                help='Time length in seconds per image',
                                required=True
                                )

        arg_parser.add_argument(
                                '-o','--overlay',
                                action='store_true',
                                help='Enables use of overlay transition',
                                required=False
                                )
        return arg_parser.parse_args()

def main():
    """ Program entry point"""
    args = parse_args()
    xml_file = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'),'.local/share/slideshow.xml')
    path = os.path.abspath(args.directory)
    duration = args.length
    transition_time = args.transition

    if not os.path.isdir(path):
       print(path," is not a directory !")
       sys.exit(1)

    filepaths = [os.path.join(path,item) for item in os.listdir(path) ]
    images = [ img for img in filepaths if os.path.isfile(img)]
    filepaths = None
    images.sort()
    root = ET.Element("background")
    previous = None

    # Write the xml data of images and transitions
    for index,img in enumerate(images):

        if index == 0:
           previous = img
           continue

        image = ET.SubElement(root, "static")
        ET.SubElement(image,"duration").text = str(duration)
        ET.SubElement(image,"file").text = previous

        if args.overlay:
            transition = ET.SubElement(root,"transition",type='overlay')
        else:
            transition = ET.SubElement(root,"transition")
        ET.SubElement(transition,"duration").text = str(transition_time)
        ET.SubElement(transition, "from").text = previous
        ET.SubElement(transition, "to").text = img

        previous = img

    # Write out the final image
    image = ET.SubElement(root, "static")
    ET.SubElement(image,"duration").text = str(duration)
    ET.SubElement(image,"file").text = previous

    # Write out the final xml data to file
    tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
    tree.write(xml_file)

    # pretty print the data
    data = etree.parse(xml_file)
    formated_xml = etree.tostring(data, pretty_print = True)
    with open(xml_file,'w') as f:
        f.write(formated_xml.decode())

    gsettings_set('org.gnome.desktop.background',None,'picture-uri','file://' + xml_file)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


How can I emulate websites on different devices in Ubuntu?

There are services like:

Browserstack
Mobiletest
Responsimulator
Appetize - Probably the best, But painfully slow for me.

The better way still is to actually test the site on a physical device. I've found out that all these ways are slow.


touching displays and fingerprint sensors

I can only answer for the onscreen keyboard. There is a nice one called onboard you could try.


This probably happens due do a connection problem or something else gone wrong (i.e. this repository does not have a release file because there might be no version for 16.10 build maybe). However you can remove this repository by:

sudo apt-add-repository --remove ppa:fossfreedom/byzanz

This will turn the update process back to normal and remove the entry from your sources.list file.


If you are stuck in emergency mode you can try to go back to default by using

Run this in root

sudo -i

sudo apt-get install --reinstall unity
dconf reset -f /dev/sda8/ && setsid unity

Replace / with output on emergency mode preview.

This may require a reboot.


How do I reset hard drive in order to install Windows 8.1?

If you want to delete everything on the hard disk and prepare your system for a dual boot insert the live usb/dvd you made when installing Ubuntu and install and start gparted with ...

sudo apt install gparted
gparted

or create a gparted live session to do this.

Pick you disk(s), remove all partitions so it shows unallocated and then start dividing up the disk(s) into parts you feel comfortable with. I would suggest:

1st partition for C: for your system. Yours to decide the size.
2nd partition for D: for your personal data. Same comment.
any other partitions you want for Windows (boot/uefi partition?). Same comment.
partition for Ubuntu's root (/). At least 25Gb.
partition for Ubuntu's home (/home/). At least 10Gb if you want a data partition otherwise as large as possible
partition for your data (/discworld/ is the name of mine) with the remainder of the hard disk.

From comment by wjandrea:

It might be better to erase the disk, install Windows, then do the manual partitioning to install Ubuntu, because in my experience, Windows creates its own partitions and doesn't give you any choice

The setup for Ubuntu lets you install a new version of Ubuntu with all settings reset by formatting and mounting / and /home/ and simply mounting /discworld/. Or the same but by mounting (and not formatting) /home/ where you keep your settings. And a backup is backing up /discworld/.

When Ubuntu is done edit .config/users-dirs.dirs and change it so it points to /discworld/ and delete the directories in /home/$USER/.

Then boot from the Windows installation media and install Windows with partitions 1, 2 and 3; leave 4, 5, 6 untouched. And after that is done install Ubuntu in partitions 4, 5, 6.

And to add: don't mount C: in Ubuntu (since it is a system disk I would always leave it as is); stick to D: for copying files from/to Windows.


Keyboard Layout compatibility options disapeared in Gnome 3.10?

You can now configure layout options in gnome-tweak-tool, under "Typing." The "Shift with numeric keypad keys work as in MS Windows" options is found under "Miscellaneous compatibility options."


A quick way would be to open the terminal and go to a folder where a mm file is. Then do the following:

mimeopen -d FILE.mm

A small terminal based menu will appear asking you, to which program you wish to associate the mm extension. If none in the list are freeplane, then simply select option 5. Then type the executable for freeplane, which I will assume it is freeplane. This will make freeplane open the file used. Now close and open any Nautilus window (You may need to actually logout and login again) you have opened and you are done. Next time you right click a mm file, freeplane will appear in Open With.

UPDATE: Ok installed freeplane and did the step mentioned above (I was right to guess the executable was freeplane) and this is what I came out with:

It appears in the image above as the first option becase I had already done it althought I did not check if it was there in the first place.

Just to make sure, do a sudo apt-get install --reinstall freeplane. Just tested in 12.10 and 13.04. If it still does not work, can you provide any additional information that can help me narrow down the cause?


How can I get some nice eye candy themes for Grub?

There still are not too many themes for Grub that are are easy to install. The process of theming Grub is quite complicated. There is a guide available here: A Beginner's Guide to Theming GRUB2

Though that includes a 37 page PDF document to read through! A simple but effective way of sprucing up Grub is to add a custom background image. The easiest way I've found of adding one to Grub is to use Grub Customizer

To install this enter these commands in a Terminal:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

Then run Grub Customizer, when it has loaded click the Preferences button and then the Appearance tab.

See image below for newer version of Grub Customizer.

Then select the file icon under background image and navigate to your chosen image file (I found that selecting one of the default wallpapers looks effective, I'm using the new Pangolin image from the 12.04 wallpapers). You can also change the font colour of the menu at this point (useful if your background image colour makes the text unreadable - a preview will appear when you select a background image to check whether you'll have any colour clashes).

Then close the preferences pop-up and select the Save button on the main screen, then you can reboot your system to admire your handiwork!


Did Ubuntu provide support to Manchurian language?

You probably just need a proper font. Try to install the fonts-noto-unhinted package:

sudo apt install fonts-noto-unhinted

It installs the Noto Sans Mongolian font (and many other).


If unity is a bit broken you could try resetting it - see this question for more details, but the short version is to open a terminal and type:

unity --reset

Also it might be worth uninstalling the nautilus-open-terminal package if you had it installed - this caused compiz crashes (launchpad bug) which might lead to your problems. The fix is currently in the oneiric-proposed repository, and should be generally available soon, but not quite yet.


Can't change screen resolution more than 1024x768, even thought untill yesterday it was working fine on larger resolutions

Does the Display / Screen / Monitors settings page (whatever it's called in your DE) have any options to change resolution, & do they work?

And according to xrandr there you should have 4 resolutions available, have you tried changing it with xrandr, maybe with xrandr -s 800x600 or whichever you want, with/without -r 60?

For a different mode, not listed in xrandr yet, first try:

xrandr --addmode DVI-1 1280x1024

I'm not sure, but I think to add the new mode permanently you'll have to use xrandr's --newmode that uses "ModeLine syntax for xorg.conf".
Then:

xrandr -s 1280x1024

See this Q & A for more info But in that one xrandr already lists the wanted resolution, just no refresh rate. In this case, xrandr doesn't list 1280x1024 at all, so it refuses to --addmode for it...

Maybe it is a driver issue, could try updating graphic drivers, any updates to packages waiting? (apt-get update or upgrade all packages with apt-get upgrade) Or checked "Driver Manager" or "Additional Drivers" (or whatever it's called now) for adding hardware drivers? Some AMD graphics use the fglrx package, but I'm not sure for yours.


The hint was in this part of the error message (I've added *s):

dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-image-3.13.0-58-generic_3.13.0-58.97~precise1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
failed in write on buffer copy for backend dpkg-deb during `./boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-58-generic': **No space left on device**
No apport report written because the error message indicates a **disk full error**

The disk partition is FULL, no space left.

You might have too many kernels installed (see https://askubuntu.com/questions/635798/boot-partition-full-failing-to-delete-old-kernels-broken-packages?s=9|1.1226 for cleaning that up), or your disk is too small, or you have too many big files, or ...


Got a new DVD player and it can read the "invisible" chapter :)

It's the Apple USB DVD player which my partner got with her new Mac.


How to Uninstall dsnmasq completely and what are the side effects of doing so?

If you don't your computer to host a DNS cache/server for something - e.g. for a WiFi hotspot using ap-hotspot, you can simply remove it with:

sudo apt-get remove dnsmasq

As far as I know, it is not needed by default in most Ubuntu installs.


I had a similar problem , and this solved it.

add-apt-repository ppa:pitti/postgresql
apt-get purge postgresql*
apt-get install update && apt-get install upgrade
apt-get install postgresql
apt-get update && apt-get upgrade


What is installer.exe in an Ubuntu iso file?

installer.exe is the file to run in Windows to start the Wubi installer to install Ubuntu 14.04 in Windows 7 or earlier. In most releases of Ubuntu this file is named Wubi.exe. Wubi is not supported anymore and was removed as an installation option in the official download page from Ubuntu 13.04 onward, but Wubi for versions after Ubuntu 13.04 are still provided. This doesn't do the Ubuntu user in 2020 much good because Windows 7 and earlier Windows versions are not supported by Microsoft anymore either.
If you are running Windows 10 you can install Ubuntu in Windows using Windows Subsystem for Linux. Windows Subsystem for Linux is being aggressively developed, and it looks like it's going to be a viable option for installing Ubuntu in Windows for a long time.


The easiest thing to do would probably be to start fresh. There are instruction for restoring stock Android at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Install#Restoring_Android

Once you get back to a stock Android, you can retry and make sure it doesn't get interrupted this time. :)


How to activate/deactivate synapse with super key shortcut in Ubuntu 16.04?

There is no "simple" solution. To assign an action to just pressing the Super key requires a specific tool, ksuperkey.

The utility ksuperkey lets you assign any action to pressing and releasing the Super key alone (and other keys if you wish). It will not interfere with uses of the Super key as a modifier for other keys.

The tool ksuperkey is on Github. It is not available in the Ubuntu repositories. Probably, as I did, you will need to compile the utility yourself according to the instructions on the Github page. Do not be afraid: it is an easy compile.

Edit 2019-06-05: A software repository for ksuperkey is available for easier installation: https://launchpad.net/~mehanik/+archive/ubuntu/ksuperkey /Edit

Once loaded, the tool intercepts pressing and releasing Super and remaps that by default to Alt+F1, in many desktops a hotkey for the menuing system. Using command line options, that mapping can be changed.

Thus, create a script that does what you want, in this case toggling synapse. Assign it the hotkey Alt+F1. ksuperkey, which you preferably have autostarted when you log in, will call this hotkey when you press and release kbd>Super.

If you want to preserve the current binding of Alt+F1, then assign another shortcut of your choice to your script. In that case, you will need to autostart ksuperkey with appropriate command line options to remap to the hotkey you have chosen. Help on the command line options is available on the Github page.


Meld formerly deleted unwanted files, now sends to trash

I do not tested your issue. But I downgraded Meld to 1.5.3 with the following actions:

sudo wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/m/meld/meld_1.5.3-1ubuntu1_all.deb -O /var/cache/apt/archives/meld_1.5.3-1ubuntu1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i /var/cache/apt/archives/meld_1.5.3-1ubuntu1_all.deb

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/pin-meld
Package: meld
Pin: version 1.5.3-1ubuntu1
Pin-Priority: 1337

EOF

It works better for me. It has for example very useful <Ctrl+Shift+R> shortcut and close with <Ctrl+Q>.


Keyboard and mouse dead after rebooting from live cd to windows

Try booting your machine and pressing the key to enter Bios to see if the keyboard itself actually works...  Closing down Ubuntu wont affect hardware on your system, but the power suddenly going out could herald a hardware fault with your computer/motherboard...


The removal of pure-ftpd-mysql was failing because the pre-removal script tried to run update-inetd, which was not installed:

/var/lib/dpkg/info/pure-ftpd-mysql.prerm: 18: /var/lib/dpkg/info/pure-ftpd-mysql.prerm: update-inetd: not found

Installing update-inetd apparently solved the problem.


You can do simple integer arithmetic natively in bash using the ((...)) syntax, e.g.

$ echo $((10000-9000))
1000

There is also the bc calculator, which can accept arithmetic expressions on standard input

$ echo "10000-9000" | bc
1000

The bc program can do floating point arithmetic as well

$ echo "scale = 3; 0.1-0.09" | bc
.01


64 bit on Dell Precision M6600 hangs on reboot and shut down

There's a bug for both 11.10 and 12.04 on the Dell M6600 laptaps

Summary:

Modify /etc/default/grub to read:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="reboot=pci"

Then run sudo update-grub - After another reboot you should be good to go.


b43-fwcutter install fails. No internet access

Try using the file manager to dig into the deb file and pull out the b43-fwcutter binary.  That's the file you want. It's in the data.tar.xz  usr/bin directory in the deb.

Your posted example was trying to install the .deb file, not running the executable.  What error did the executable give and what driver file did you give it?

Not all firmware versions are supported by b43-fwcutter.  Run it on the driver file you have (the windows driver bcmlw.sys file for example with the -i switch to identify what version your driver is.  Then run the b43-f2cutter with the -l switch to see what versions are supported.


In *buntu:
tail -f /var/log/freeradius/radius.log

Because the log contains information that should be kept secure, it is by default only readable by root.

You can also start the server in debug mode to get a lot more detail.

# freeradius -X

Before doing this, check to see if freeradius is already running (e.g. ps ax | fgrep freeradius). If it is running, stop it with service freeradius stop.

In debug mode with the -X switch, freeradius remains attached to the terminal so it can output detailed information via STDOUT on the terminal screen.

For extended detailed logging, you could nohup freeradius -X >/tmp/radius.log &.

Even more detailed logging is available with the -x and -xx switches.


Add multiple wifi networks on command line

You should be able to just create the configuration files for each connection, these configuration files resides in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections and are plane INI-style text files.

Here is an example file from my system /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/AndroidAPP:

[connection]
id=AndroidAPP
uuid=a36db5c2-293e-443c-b267-0ecd4bd6d9ce
type=wifi
autoconnect=false
permissions=
secondaries=

[wifi]
mac-address=03:51:1F:01:02:03
mac-address-blacklist=
mode=infrastructure
seen-bssids=
ssid=AndroidAPP

[wifi-security]
group=
key-mgmt=wpa-psk
pairwise=
proto=
psk=ReallyStrongPresharedKey

[ipv4]
dns-search=
method=auto

[ipv6]
dns-search=
ip6-privacy=0
method=auto

While you could create these by hand, it's much easier to create all the connections on one machine and then copy them from there. But you still have to be aware of a few things:

mac-address is the hardware address of the nic to use for the connection
uuid must be uniq as it is used for internal references in NetworkManager
autoconnect is always enabled if it is not set to false
Remember to restart NetworkManager after changing the files.


I presume you want to delete them...

find -type f -delete

This will delete all files in the current folder and all subfolders but leave the directories intact.


To add an icon to the dash you can make custom icons and put them into ~/.local/share/applications.

Simply copy and paste this template into gedit (or another text editor) and save it as libreoffice.desktop into the folder.

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Libre Offce
Comment=Office Application
Exec=libre-office
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/libreoffice.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Keywords=libre;office;writer;
Categories=Office

If you want it so the icon is available for all users, put the .desktop file in /usr/share/applications.

The Categories=Office bit means it will show up under "Office" in the dash. If the icon is in /usr/share/pixmaps/libreoffice.png then actually you can just write Icon=libreoffice, there's no need for the full path, but only if it's in that path. Don't know if that works in Gnome 3 though.

If you have translations for the language you can specify them using something like the following:
Name[en_GB]=Libre Office
And replace [en_GB] with the code for each language.


Install Ubuntu side by side with Windows

Yes, choose "Something else" there can you choose the partition where you want Ubuntu 14.04 installed.


I have also got a Reliance Netconnect connection and mobile broadband support in linux via Network Manager is at best buggy. You could try using wvdial instead. Go through the following posts, you may need to change a couple of settings namely the username and password that Reliance gives you.

Netconnect over wvdial
Ubuntuformus post

Hope this helps, if you want further clarifications feel free to ask.


I tried reinstalling and it did not work.  I removed it and reinstalled it and it still did not work.  I finally removed it and just don't expect to use it.


Regularly extract text between pattern from text file

You could use awk, using the ENDMDL marker as the record separator and modulo arithmetic to pick the records:
awk -v skip=5 'BEGIN{ORS = RS = "\nENDMDL\n"} !((NR-1)%skip)' file.pdb

or (to write each extracted model to a separate file)
awk -v skip=5 '
  BEGIN {ORS = RS = "\nENDMDL\n"}
  !((NR-1)%skip) {f = sprintf("model_%d.pdb", NR); print > f; close(f)}
' file.pdb


Connection made via sakis3g not recognised by software center

Ubuntu software center depend on the network manager to detect online status.So If you are connecting to internet without network-manager ,you have to quit it,

Open theterminal and type
    sudo stop network-manager

It solves the problem


This answer is copied from this article.

As you can see in the error message, some packages have unmet dependencies. That means there are some mixing in third-party dependencies. APT package manager is easy to use for installing, removing etc but while mixing with third-party dependencies, apt-get sometimes gives this kind of error that you're getting.

Please follow the steps:

Take a backup of configuration files like:

  /etc/apt/sources.list

Now remove the corrupt package database first:

sudo apt-get clean

or

sudo apt-get autoclean

Now please run this:

sudo apt-get -f install

This is most basic command to fix dependencies issues.

Now run:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

then,

sudo apt-get -f install

See the output, if its like this: 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.then it means it failed.

Now run this:

sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade

If it shows any held packages then you have to eliminate it by this command:

sudo apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes dist-upgrade

Again see the output. If it's like this:

0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.

That means it failed again.

Now you have to delete the held packages one by one by running dist-upgrade each time. Use --dry-run and be aware of each incidents.

sudo apt-get remove --dry-run package-name

If not any luck then you have to find and remove the dependencies by yourself.

Disable PPA's:

Open Software Center > Edit > Software Sources and click on Other Software. You will see that each PPA have two lines, one for the compiled packages and one for the source, Uncheck both lines to disable a PPA.

Purge:

It means downgrading the packages in the selected PPA to the version in the official Ubuntu repositories and disabling that PPA. Run this command:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

If the above fails then run this:

mkdir ppa-purge && cd ppa-purge && wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/ppa-purge/ppa-purge_0.2.8+bzr56_all.deb && wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu//pool/main/a/aptitude/aptitude_0.6.6-1ubuntu1_i386.deb && sudo dpkg -i ./*.deb

Use PPA Purge:

sudo ppa-purge ppa:someppa/ppa

Remove:

Run the commands:

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge package-name
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:someppa/ppa
sudo apt-get autoclean

After that try again.

Read the original article and your concept will be much more clear.

Another method:

Show all installed packages with "linux-" and contains a number.(edit as your requirement):

dpkg -l linux-* | awk '/^ii/{ print $2 }' | grep -e [0-9]

Now specify the name of packages that you want to purge:

sudo apt-get -y purge  linux-headers-3.13.0-24  linux-headers-3.13.0-24-generic  linux-headers-3.13.0-29  linux-headers-3.13.0-29-generic  linux-image-3.13.0-24-generic  linux-image-3.13.0-29-generic  linux-image-extra-3.13.0-24-generic  linux-image-extra-3.13.0-29-generic

Alternative command:

dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed  '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]*  [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge

This is the advanced command, which removes all kernel except the latest one.


Adding RAM was recognized by BIOS but not by Ubuntu

if you are using ubuntu 32-bit operating system it only supports maximum 3-4GB RAM and 64bit OS supports more than 4GB so, upgrade your OS.

There is a technique called Physical Address Extension (PAE) that allows 32bit processors and 32bit operating systems on 64bit processors to use more than 4GB RAM. Depending on the actual kernel configuration Linux make can use of PAE.

** you can update your kernel , use this link https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnablingPAE


Disable mouse move without disabling click and scroll?

There is a xinput command that manipulates X devices, whose list can be obtained with

  xinput --list

Henceforth id=10 for the mouse assumed, that is seemingly true for modern Xorg releases.

Solution (using property names):

 xinput set-prop 10 'Device Accel Constant Deceleration' 65535

Return to normality:

 xinput set-prop 10 'Device Accel Constant Deceleration' 1

Solution (using property numbers):

  xinput list-props 10

Find
Device Accel Constant Deceleration (p):
in the output listing, where p is a decimal number. Now substitute it into:
 xinput set-prop 10p65535

Return to normality:

 xinput set-prop 10p1


Is there any performance difference between Ubuntu Unity and Classic/Fallback?

The standard Unity interface makes use of your graphics card's OpenGL capabilities to composite the different windows to form the desktop image.

The Gnome fallback mode doesn't make use of compositing, so rather than applications drawing to their own buffers and having the compositing manager draw those buffers to the screen, they instead draw to the screen directly.  This is simpler and can the performance difference can be noticeable if you have an underpowered video card or the video card drivers are not up to scratch.

With that in mind, there is also a "Unity 2D" login option you can choose that doesn't act as a compositing manager.  For the most part it should perform roughly as well as the Gnome fallback mode.  So if you like the Unity interface but are having trouble with performance you might want to try that.


Black screen while installing on a HP Pavillion 15

Try resetting bios to defaults?
More info is needed -
How did you create your usb boot media?
Did you verify that the boot image is correct?
What type/size is the usb media?

Also try this:
http://www.pendrivelinux.com/testing-your-system-for-usb-boot-compatibility/


Using bash in combination with psql, passing variable between them

You can pass single commands as strings using -c, or pass more complex command sequences via standard input for example using a here document:

sudo -u postgres psql << EOF
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (
  SELECT datname FROM pg_catalog.pg_database
  WHERE lower(datname)=lower($DATABASE)
)
EOF

You may need to quote or escape shell-special characters such as * that you do not want to be expanded.

See PostgreSQL 9.4.19 Documentation

To capture the result, use the shell's $(...) command substitution syntax:

count=$(sudo -u postgres psql << EOF
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (
  SELECT datname FROM pg_catalog.pg_database
  WHERE lower(datname)=lower($DATABASE)
)
EOF
)


How to pass answers to CLI script via arguments?

I understand you do not want to modify myscript.

Regarding the second solution you ask for, you can use printf:

printf '%s\n' text1 text2 text3 text4 | myscript

so that, defining an alias for SOMEPROGRAM as:

alias SOMEPROGRAM="printf '%s\n'"

you could effectively call

SOMEPROGRAM text1 text2 text3 text4 | myscript

The first form is ambiguous (from the point of view of SOMEPROGRAM), because it don't know where myscript options end and text parameters start, unless myscript is effectively invoked without any options. In this case you could use a function:

SOMEPROGRAM() {
  myscript="$1"
  shift
  printf '%s\n' "$@" | "$myscript"
}

so that you could effectively call

SOMEPROGRAM myscript text1 text2 text3 text4


I have the same poblem with Broadcom 43228.
The problem is in the Wireless Access Point.
Change 5Ghz AP frequancy to another.


play audio via libqt5multimedia5 without pulseaudio

Confirm.
I had removed out pulse Qt plugin and have good operating input and output audio within Alsa only.
I think it is a bug of Qt.


Proxy sharing between host and guest in VirtualBox

If you can access block sites then The proxy setting must have been changed. You Ubuntu virtual host is already in network.


Can I install Ubuntu on a partition formatted as ntfs instead of ext4?

Make a backup of all your valuable files Don't say I didn't warn you. If your disk is acting suspiciously ... better safe than sorry. As a matter of fact, you should backup your files on a regular basis anyway ...

Don't use NTFS as your filesystem to install Linux on, NTFS support is ... suboptimal. This is caused by the fact that NTFS support is all about reverse engineering as there is no documentation publicly available.

Ext4 is proven technology, it should work just fine. What errors are you getting? Try badblocks -v /dev/sdan where /dev/sdan should be replaced with the device you see when you enter df -h / | cut -d' ' -f1 | grep dev or /dev/sda when you feel lucky.


Unexpected return from initial read : Volume Corrupt , buffersize 5C00 . Failed to load image \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi : Volume corrupt

First create a live USB of Ubuntu with a somewhat recent version. Then boot into the live-USB. When there, install boot repair by these commands given below in terminal. You will need Internet connection.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Then you will see boot repair automatically or you type boot repair in terminal. After a reboot it might work properly as before.


Warning message; while using quickly pacakge

As indicated by this comment the file you mentioned is likely a backup file created by your text editor that you don't need and removing it and trying again should do the trick. If not it appears that DistUtilsExtra adds some extra "magic" rules based on filenames and content.Sadly I could not find any information on what those "magic" rules actually are.

There is however information on specifying the files to distribute via a manifest here

If the unrecognized file is already specified properly in MANIFEST.in you may be affected by this bug


How do I properly install CUDA 8 on an Azure VM running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS?

The official Azure documentation points out:

  Currently, Linux GPU support is only available on Azure NC
  VMs running Ubuntu Server 16.04 LTS.+

I'm not sure why they even let you create GPU instances with 14.04 installed, but hopefully this will help spread the word.

After creating a fresh 16.04 instance I did the following:

First, I had to uninstall/blacklist the Nouveau drivers that come pre-installed on Ubuntu 16.04. They're not compatible with the NVIDIA drivers we're trying to install and will cause errors later on if we don't remove them.

 sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

At the bottom of the file add the following entries:

 amd76x_edac #this might not be required for x86 32 bit users.
 blacklist vga16fb
 blacklist nouveau
 blacklist rivafb
 blacklist nvidiafb
 blacklist rivatv

Reboot VM with sudo reboot

I downloaded the drivers directly from Microsoft, but you can substitute with your preferred source:

wget -O NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-384.73-grid.run https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=849941

chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-384.73-grid.run

sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-384.73-grid.run

I just clicked through the default selected options in the runfile.

Verify driver installation by running nvidia-smi

Install CUDA Toolkit 8

CUDA_REPO_PKG=cuda-repo-ubuntu1604_8.0.44-1_amd64.deb

wget -O /tmp/${CUDA_REPO_PKG} http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1604/x86_64/${CUDA_REPO_PKG}

sudo dpkg -i /tmp/${CUDA_REPO_PKG}

rm -f /tmp/${CUDA_REPO_PKG}

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install cuda-drivers


Install Ruby, Rails requires Ruby 1.9.3 or newer.

sudo apt-get install ruby

Install Rails (this could take a while)

sudo gem install rails

New versions of Rails can be installed the same way.
Install a javascript runtime

sudo apt-get install nodejs

Create your application skeleton and start the server:

rails new path/to/your/new/application
cd path/to/your/new/application
rails server

You’re running Ruby on Rails! Follow the instructions on http://localhost:3000

source


Broadcom wireless and Realtec audio driver problem in linux mint 16 petra

To install Wireless driver:

Open Driver manger from Administration
Select bcmwl-kernal-source
Click “Apply changes” (requires a few minutes, depending on your network speed)

Another way to install wireless driver:

You are required to connect to the Internet with the LAN interface before proceeding.

After successfully installing LMDE, you have to update it first prior to installing the driver.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

After a successful update, we can now install the desired driver for our Broadcom wireless card:

sudo apt-get install b43-fwcutter firmware-b43-installer

All you have to do is wait for the installation to finish and you will be able to use the Broadcom wifi card.

Here's an update if you're trying to install the driver on a netbook with low-power b43 chipset:

sudo apt-get install b43-fwcutter firmware-b43-lpphy-installer

Updating my LMDE with the latest kernel had my Broadcom wireless messed up. In order to have my connection back, I had to use a different set of commands.

sudo -i apt-get install module-assistant wireless-tools broadcom-sta-common broadcom-sta-source
m-a a-i broadcom-sta
echo "blacklist brcm80211" >>/etc/modprobe.d/broadcom-sta-common.conf
update-initramfs -u -k $(uname -r)
modprobe -r b44 b43 b43legacy ssb brcm80211
modprobe wl
iwconfig


Problem Installing Wine in Ubuntu Studio 20.04

Try the following commands:

sudo apt install -f
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt install libc6-dev
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install wine64 wine32


How to overcome "Permission denied" running C program even after "chmod +x"?

One possible reason is that you are compiling on a file system that has been mounted with the noexec option.

Run mount -l to see the options that file systems are mounted with.


Processor Tunable status according to Powertop

I know this is an old question, but I had the same one, and did a little research and experimentation, the results of which I thought I would share here.

First of all, I don't think you need to be worried by the scary "BAD" label, but it shouldn't hurt to toggle them to GOOD.

For me, my battery discharge rate was around 25-30 W. I randomly toggled 3 or 4 of the BAD settings to GOOD, and the rate dropped down to 10-12 W. I then decided to go all in and use the command sudo powertop --auto-tune which changes all the BAD settings to GOOD. This brought my discharge rate down to the 8-10 W range, dropped my temp down by about 10 degrees, and brought the remaining battery life estimate up by about an hour.

I am also new to Linux, so I am not sure about the consequences of changing these settings, but I am willing to take a chance because I am using an old laptop with a bad battery which instantly exhibited better performance with the help of powertop. That is just my personal experience. Also, see here for a better, more detailed answer to a similar question.


Wubi Grub Prompt "Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported"

Follow the steps below one by one.

Boot from the Ubuntu Live cd/usb and select "try ubuntu".
When the desktop is loaded, download the boot script. It contains script and a changelog file.
Now cd to the directory of the extracted zip file.
sudo bash boot_info_script.sh
The above steps should get you through.


How to map CTRL+q key press to CTRL+c event?

You can use autokey-gtk. If you set Autokey to run at login, it will sit in the background and monitor input from your keyboard and mouse.

Example: You stated you would like to make Ctrl + Q act like Ctrl + C.  If you ask autokey-gtk to "press" Ctrl + C when Ctrl + Q is pressed.

To install autokey-gtk issue the following command in a terminal

sudo apt-get install autokey-gtk

After installation, you can access it through the Dash or by typing auto-gtk in a terminal. To set the key combinations that you stated above, do the following:

Step 1

Run autokey-gtk

Step 2

Create a New Top-Level Folder from File -> Create -> New Top-Level Folder

Step 3

Select Folder and create New Script from File -> Create -> New Script

Step 4

in the # Enter script code box, enter "keyboard.send_keys(shortcut you desire to imitate)"

Examples:

1. keyboard.send_keys("<ctrl>+c")

2. keyboard.send_keys("<ctrl>+v")

3. keyboard.send_keys("<ctrl>+x")

NOTE: repeat Step 3-4 for each hotkey you want to add

Step 5

For each Script you made click on the second "set button" next to Hotkey and enter your key combination that you will use to imitate.

In your case for the keyboard.send_keys("<ctrl>+c") script you would type Q in the text box and click on the Control button and then click OK.

**Do this for each script, being sure to modify your hotkey of course.*

Step 6

Click on *Edit* -> *Preferences*

Select the check box next to Automatically start Autokey at Login

This should accomplish what your asking for :)


How to install clpqr library in SWI-Prolog

Finally I find the answer.

Download one from http://www.swi-prolog.org/download/stable/src/
Install the dependencies listed in http://www.swi-prolog.org/build/Debian.html
Finish by reading the instruction in README.linux


Use single quotes for the message like this:

ssh user@host "zenity --warning --width=500 --no-wrap --text='Your $VPN is not connected. Please connect it or inform to engineer' --display=:0"

Or escape the double quotes for the message like this:

ssh user@host "zenity --warning --width=500 --no-wrap --text=\"Your $VPN is not connected. Please connect it or inform to engineer\" --display=:0"


well Mono is cross platform, so is not depending about mono... i guess in ur windows applicationt there is a a check about System Verison
like if (System Versione is not equal to windwos 7 or 8 ) then trhow and exception and close application....


Thinkpad touchpad mouse cursor laggy/choppy | Ubuntu 18.04

see my answer here:

I can confirm a similar issue with my touchpad on HP ProBook 450 G6 with Ubuntu 18.04, it was very laggy after suspend.

What worked for me:
create /lib/systemd/system-sleep/touchpad:

#!/bin/sh

case $1 in
  post)
    /sbin/rmmod i2c_hid && /sbin/modprobe i2c_hid
  ;;
esac

make file executable chmod +x /lib/systemd/system-sleep/touchpad
and test (suspend computer and wake-up again)


It turned out that one must install a couple of language support package.

sudo apt install language-pack-is firefox-locale-is

If I recall correctly this happened automatically in older versions of Ubuntu when going to settings and language options.


Ubuntu grub2 wont let me boot from hard drive

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=297261

That site might help you in your journey in ubuntu.
In my case, I really did start all over again. To check my bootable flash drive and that I haven't downloaded a busted OS and then start installation again. And maybe you'll find a question in the middle of Installation about UEFI( again in my case, I selected GO BACK) maybe you could just continue and then it'll install the system.


how to change DNS server permanently on Ubuntu 20.04?

If your current DNS server is still your router (i.e. 192.168.1.1), although you have declared the desired nameservers in /etc/netplan/[network-mager].yaml or via the GUI of NetworkManager, there are at least two solutions to try:

You may configure these settings using the already mentioned GUI:
a) Choose a connection (from the Wired or Wireless tab) and click Edit.
b) Click on the IPv4 Settings tab
c) Choose 'Automatic (DHCP) addresses only' instead of just 'Automatic (DHCP)'.
d) Enter the DNS servers in the “DNS servers” field, separated by spaces (e.g. 208.67.222.222 for OpenDNS).
e) Click “Apply.”

Please, note that 'Automatic (DHCP) addresses only' means that the network you are connecting to uses a DHCP server to assign IP addresses but you want to assign DNS servers manually.

or, if your DNS settigs are messed up by multiple programs updating it, you can use resolvconf:

sudo apt install resolvconf
sudo systemctl enable --now resolvconf.service

then, edit /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head and insert your desired nameservers as:
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

Finally, to update /etc/resolv.conf run:
sudo resolvconf -u


How do you uninstall Spotify Linux Preview on Ubuntu?

The following should do the trick. Fire up a terminal by hitting Ctrl+Alt+T. Then, enter the following command:

sudo apt-get remove spotify-client

If you installed the package manually, then issue the following command instead:

sudo dpkg -r spotify-client


No Wireless with broadcom BCM4350 Ubuntu 16.04

Okay, this was very simple. I should have read the Question I already linked to in the main post more thoroughly!

I just went to http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.4.1-wily/
downloaded the kernel image for 64bit systems (.deb-file) and installed it by double-clicking (Ubuntu Software Center). WiFi works now! :))

Thats it... Mui simple, very simple

EDIT: No, not that simple... see main thread -.-


When will xfce 4.10 available in official Ubuntu repositories?

XFCE 4.10 was released too late to be Included in the current LTS release.

The PPA containing XFCE 4.10 states:

  The first Xubuntu release to feature Xfce 4.10 will be Xubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal).

The PPA is maintained by the actual Xubuntu developers, so I'd take it as pretty final. If you want XFCE 4.10 in Precise use the PPA.

What are PPAs and how do I use them?


You need to log out of your user session and log back in again for changes made to /etc/environment to take effect.

But you can make it work immediately by running this:

source /etc/environment && export PATH

I found that very useful command here on Stack Overflow


WiFi not working on Intel machine running Ubuntu 16.04

In the interests of closure...

The answer turned out to be embarrassingly simple. I broke the seal on the box marked: "Don't throw this box away; it contains things you might need if you upgrade your system" that came with my kit, and plugged the small aerial contained therein into my computer.

Result: instant full-strength Internet.

A subsequent re-install confirmed my suspicion that my Ubuntu 16.04 system, supplied with an aerial, would have worked "out of the box". My software modification efforts added nothing.

Spot the noob, eh?

Lessons:

Internet research can give you a false picture about the frailty of Ubuntu software

Ask Ubuntu respondees: don't feel inhibited about offering-up dismissive "Have you tried plugging it in?"-type solutions - they sometimes work.


How to have 2 (or more) distros share common /home and /usr partitions?

I don't think that /usr would be a good idea because of then things might clash and replace each other with their Distro's files but for /home, even though it would be less damage than /usr on the same 2 distros, I still wouldn't recommend it unless you also want a corrupt system (Especially if you do things such as Hibernate, etc).


Can't install Ubuntu due to a problem with the media

First, check out if your ISO matches the MD5 Hash for 12.10. If so, use the Startup Disk Creator on 12.04 once again to put the ISO on the USB drive. You can also burn a DVD, or use the Software Updater, but if you know how to use the USB that is probably the best way.


Unable to get Nvidia drivers to work on GeForce GT755M (Optimus)

I've tried all avaliable drivers for nvidia and the best I've found are the ones from X-edgers ppa:

First, be sure you remove all drivers you've previously installed:

sudo apt-get remove nvidia*

Then, add this ppa and install the drivers from it:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia nvidia-331 nvidia-settings-331


can not paste or make new folder on file system directly with out gksudo nautilus?

You need superuser(sudo) privileges for creating(this implies pasting) files in locations other than your own home folder(/home/$USER/). gksudo is just the graphical sudo, so you need to open graphical applications with gksudo.

So, if you want to create files/folders in directories such /home/(not /home/$USER), or / or any other directory than /home/$USER/, you will need to use gksudo nautilus.


Cannot use full resolution of external display

First you don't need to use sudo with xrandr.
Second you need to run cvt to get the settings to pass to xrandr --newmode. For example (on my 4K TV):
cvt -v 3840 2160 56

Warning: Refresh Rate is not CVT standard (50, 60, 75 or 85Hz).
# 3840x2160 55.98 Hz (CVT) hsync: 124.95 kHz; pclk: 661.75 MHz
Modeline "3840x2160_56.00"  661.75  3840 4152 4568 5296  2160 2163 2168 2232 -hsync +vsync

Then copy the Modeline output as input for xrandr --newmode:
$ xrandr --newmode "3840x2160_56.00"  661.75  3840 4152 4568 5296  2160 2163 2168 2232 -hsync +vsync

X Error of failed request:  BadName (named color or font does not exist)
  Major opcode of failed request:  140 (RANDR)
  Minor opcode of failed request:  16 (RRCreateMode)
  Serial number of failed request:  52
  Current serial number in output stream:  52

The refresh rate is too high in this case so I reduced it to 54 Hz and repeated the process.


How to install TortoiseHg on ubuntu 19.10

The latest version of TortoiseHg for Debian based OS is 4.8.1-0.1 (as per Debian search results). The same version is available in Ubuntu's pool of archives (and can be found by searching on Ubuntu Packages*) and the dependencies can still be satisfied in Eoan Ermine (19.10) without any extra work.

To install run:

wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/t/tortoisehg/tortoisehg_4.8.1-0.1_all.deb
sudo apt install ./tortoisehg_4.8.1-0.1_all.deb

*Thanks N0rbert for reminding to include the link.


Kubuntu Xenial upgrade - X11 error - "all shell packages missing"

After some trial and error I figured out a way to get the desktop back.

Log in as yourself (not root) on console 1 (CTRL+ALT+F1)
run startx.  X11 will start
Hit CTRL+ALT+F2.  This will bring you to another console.
Login in as yourself again.
Type "export DISPLAY=:0" and hit Enter
Type "plasmashell" hit Enter
Switch back to X11 - CTRL+ALT+F1

The KDE desktop will be running, some icons will be missing but you'll have a 90% functional desktop.

If a fix is posted for this issue I'll add the fix here.


How to set a ethernet device for Internet by force?

I am assuming you are using NetworkManager,

First Disable the Ethernet device.

sudo service network-manager stop

Then go to network manager and select  edit connections and then the ethernet device running on its own LAN.

Go to the IPV4 tab

Select "Routes"

Check the "Use this connection only for resources on its network". Make sure it is selected

Finally:

sudo service network-manager start


Synchronize Signal contacts on signal-desktop in Ubuntu 18 from Signal on Ubuntu Touch (Fairphone2)

On both Ubuntu 20.04 and 20.10  I have used the following:
sudo snap install signal-desktop

and it works fine.
If you need to copy Signal data from one computer to another, just tar everything under /home/user/snap/signal-desktop/.


Package is installed and is not detected. (gradle)

Finally thanks to comments of @muru I done the following steps:

I removed ppa:cwchien/gradle:

sudo rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cwchien-ubuntu-gradle-xenial.*
sudo apt-get update

I installed old gradle from official repo:

sudo apt-get install gradle

Then all dependencies was installed correctly. Then I append cwchien-ubuntu-gradle-xenial again and installed again:

sudo apt-get install gradle-ppa gradle

Finally in website https://gradle.org/install I found command:

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/gradle/gradle-3.5/bin

That finally solved my problems, and now:

gradle -v

------------------------------------------------------------
Gradle 3.5
------------------------------------------------------------

Update

Now I installing gradle by sdkman.io by these commands:

Install sdkman

curl -s "https://get.sdkman.io" | bash

Install gradle

sdk install gradle 4.0.2


Ubuntu 19.04 Freeze at loading DELL E6430 i5 - nomodeset didn't work well

I found solution:

When GRUB is open click E and change from "quiet splash" to nothing, just delete. After that Ubuntu will open.

Open terminal and write
"sudo nano /etc/deafult/grub"
on line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" delete "quiet splash". After that it looks like this GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=
save this and write in terminal: "sudo update-grub"
Restart and after that it's ok. You can use windows and Ubuntu as well. You'll do't see any errors.


How to launch games by second video card (Dota 2)

Considering Nvidia X Server Settings screenshot it seems there is a lack of PRIME Profiles item along those two items I see. Once I've met with this situation when I had Secure Boot enabled in my BIOS (UEFI). So my advice is try to find Secure Boot in your BIOS (UEFI) and disable it. After rebooting you should see PRIME Profiles where you can choose which video card should be active.

Here are some explanations on the subject: Why disabling “Secure Boot” is enforced policy when installing 3rd party modules


Display flickering and going black on 15.04 - Lenovo Y40-70

One thing that you may want to check is pushing the settings buttons on the side. If the menus are problematic as well, your screen is likely going out. If you have a spare screen or device, you will want to go with process of elimination. But if you don't, that my be something that you can try.

If it persists / is associated with the computer, then maybe it is a motherboard issue?

As for the stripped screw, you can try using a nail and tapping it lightly at an angle to move the screw out (unscrew) very slowly. The other option is to take an old bit and superglue ( or JB Weld) it to the screw and carefully remove it.

Good Luck,
Joey


Atheros AR9485 12.04 wifi problem not solved by hwcrypt

Worked for me on Acer Aspire V5

options ath9k nohwcrypt=1 blink=1 btcoex_enable=1

in:

/etc/modprobe.d/ath9k.conf

even if this folder doesn't exist, you may create it.


12.10 automatically 64 bit after upgrade?

No. Not unless you use a 12.10 64bit disc, which will probably eradicate the 32bit install.

The online update system replaces packages with the same architecture, as some 32bit machines won't be able to run the 64bit binaries. Even if it were able to, and automatically detected this, there is some minor packaging differences between the two, and you probably see a lot of 32bit packages being installed for compatibility with some applications (like skype, for example).


How do I add the Internet Archive as a music source to Rhythmbox?

I believe there is an Ampache plug-in for Rhytmbox, if you are thinking about accessing Ampache music servers. Otherwise, you could always just install Banshee, as it should be available in the archives / software center.


How to switch the version of arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc?

You can run arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-5 instead of gcc.
This file list includes the names of the other tools the gcc-5-arm-linux-gnueabihf package places in /usr/bin, which you may find useful. (You didn't mention what release you're running but I'm guessing it's 18.04, since that release is a popular LTS and it defaults to version 7.)
Note that even if you wanted to use the default version, unless you've changed what /usr/bin/gcc points to (which I don't recommend), the gcc command is running a GCC compiler that generates native executables. This won't be an ARM compiler unless your Ubuntu system is running on ARM. To run the default version of the GCC cross compiler for armhf, use arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc (and see this file list).
Multiple versions of both native and cross compilers can be installed on the same system at the same time. Only the default version of the native GCC compiler is typically invoked with the gcc command, however. Other commands have a toolchain prefix, a version suffix, or (in this case) both. This is the case even when that non-default compiler is the only compiler installed on the system.
If you really must make gcc call that compiler...
If you need gcc to call that compiler because some other build tool, like make is calling gcc, the best approach is usually to reconfigure that other tool or to set the CC environment variable to the compiler you want. Just making gcc run the compiler you need may also not be sufficient, because the names of other tools will still run the native versions.
With that said, assuming your your Ubuntu system is not an armhf system but you still really want gcc to run the arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-5 cross compiler, you have a few options. You could replace the /usr/bin/gcc symlink (which on 18.04 links to gcc-7), but I recommend against that. Doing that is likely to break anything that assumes gcc is a native compiler, and may either interfere with or be undone by future package management operations.
Instead, you could put a gcc symlink to arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-5 in your user's private bin directory ~/bin. The default per-user ~/.profile
file adds that directory to $PATH when you log in, if the directory exists. Automated builds (like when you run ./configure or cmake .. and then make) that you don't customize usually use cc, which will continue to be a symlink to a native compiler, so this shouldn't break things.
Personally, I would not want to do even this, because I would myself become confused. I prefer that it always be immediately clear what platform my compiler targets, when it is a cross compiler.


Install Ubuntu on second SSD on Asus eeepc 901

I can answer my own question now.

The answer is that I chose the default option in the installer, and when it asked me which disk I wanted to install Ubuntu on, I chose the second, 8GB hard disk.

The PC boots fine into the second hard disk, and there is about 2GB free.

The first 4GB hard disk shows up under 'Devices', and I have formatted this so I can use it to store data on.


How to check every contents that I copied

I suggest installing the Clipboard Indicator extension.
It will add an icon in the "tray" area of the top bar; clicking on the icon will give you a list of your clipboard history. You can customize this, including how much of your history is retained.
By the way, you can use the keyboard shortcut CtrlF9 to toggle the history list, or you can change this to another key combination to match what you are used to in other operating systems.


Disk Image Mounter equivalent fof Xubuntu

You can always do it from a command line:

[sudo] mount -o loop the_disk_image the_mount_point


Is it safe to remove a process folder from /var/run/?

It depends on the process. In most cases, a reboot should clear out the whole folder, but to be on the safe side, stop the process before deleting the folder.


Either add a shebang at the first line of your script:

#!/bin/bash
echo "Hallo"

And/or set the executable rights

sudo chmod +x connector.sh


Initially my Indicator Plugin was a different color from the rest of the panel. However, I corrected this by going to Appearance in Panel settings. I toggled on None (use system style). Then I selected Solid color. After that the Indicator Plugin matched the background of everything else on the panel. I am using Xubuntu 14.04 with Xfce 4.12 installed via PPA.


Ctrl+Alt+F1 stopped working in 16.04.LTS

As indicated by the EDIT in my post, the problem was solved by increasing the amount of memory in the computer.


Desktop Action in .desktop file for Gnome not appearing

First: gnome-open app.desktop
If that doesn't work, try chmod +x app.desktop


Why not simply run updates and image magic will be updated as part of it. It's completely understandable that trying to update imagemagic alone fail if it has newer dependecies in it's new version that your current system doesn't meet.

sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade

or :


First off, we are advised to always install from the Ubuntu repos because there are tested. So when you install with sudo from  such a repo you can be assured it will only do what is expected of it.

Now that being said make sure you fully trust any repository you are adding to your system as ( based on the need to install certain files to the root location ) apps will need to have root permission to install into sensitive areas of your system.

Now a situation where you are advised not to install a package as root, would probably mean that it's a third party package and it's security isn't assured, and it can be corrupted while on transit to you and with this in turn will lead to the application gaining access to sensitive areas as a result of the root powers given to it via your sudo command. Some packages are even kind enough to prevent you from installing as root in the first place, such apps will enforce such a doctrine of no sudo use (if I may call it that). My advice please take that advice.

Linux uses LSM (Linux Security Modules) to control what accesses what.

LSM Choices:

current LSMes are:

SELINUX -- SECURITY ENHANCED LINUX
APPARMMOR
SMACK
TOMOYO

What the LSM does is to ensure that any process is limited to what it can access based on the current security policy governing that system. So give sudo powers to an app is not enough, but care must be taken that you don't sudo powers to the wrong apps as advised above.


How can I read URLs on separate lines in a .txt file and ping each one

This as well as Sergiy's answer came from Loop over text file with URLs and execute ping on each.

Assuming the file urls resides in the current directory and contains your urls only, one per line:

#!/bin/bash
while IFS='' read -r l || [ -n "$l" ]; do
  avg=$(ping -q -w 10 "$l" | sed '$!d;s_.*=[^/]*/\([^/]*\)/.*_\1_')
  echo "Average respond time for $l: $avg ms" >> avg_time
done < "urls"

Example run

Above script was named avg here.

$ cat urls
askubuntu.com
unix.stackexchange.com
stackoverflow.com
$ ./avg
$ cat avg_time
Average respond time for askubuntu.com: 37.742 ms
Average respond time for unix.stackexchange.com: 35.966 ms
Average respond time for stackoverflow.com: 38.982 ms

Explanations

#!/bin/bash
this so-called shebang defines which shell your script has to be started with, here it's bash
while IFS='' read -r l || [ -n "$l" ]; do stuff; done < "urls"
read the file named urls line by line, assigning the content of the currently processed line to variable l and doing stuff with it
ping -q -w 10 "$l" (= ping -qw10 "$l")
call ping with the content of variable l as the argument and the options -quiet (less output we don't need) and -w 10 (timeout in seconds), so that the currently processed URL is pinged for exactly 10 seconds  – you may adjust this value to your needs as well as specify other options (see man ping) for the list)
avg=$(ping … | sed …)
pipe the output of ping to sed which cuts out the average respond time and save this value in variable avg

sed '$!d;s_.*=[^/]*/\([^/]*\)/.*_\1_'
sed '$!d
don't (!) delete the last line ($), but the whole rest
sed 's/a/b/'
substitute a by b – can also be written as e.g. sed 's_a_b_' if useful, this way we don't need to escape literal slash characters in the strings

.* – take everything
= and / – a literal “=” and “/”
[^/]* – take everything that's not (^) a slash
\([^/]*\) – take everything that's not (^) a slash and save it in a group
\1 – the first group saved with \(…\) before

the same work could also be done with awk -F/ '/^rtt/{print$5}':

-F/ – define / as the Field delimiter
/^rtt/{…} – select the line beginning (^) with “rtt” and do … with it
print$5 – print only field no. 5

echo "Average respond time for $l: $avg ms" >> avg_time
print the text inserting the content of the variables l and avg and redirect this output to the file avg_time appending to its content


Nautilus script or action to install selected debs

There already appears to be a script for dealing with debian packages on http://g-scripts.sourceforge.net/. See: http://g-scripts.sourceforge.net/nautilus-scripts.tar.gz file: nautilus-scripts/System Configuration/Debian_Package .

I haven't tested it, but reading through it, it seems to not be too bit-rotten. Compared to what you seem to want, it requires an additional step, as it creates a dialogue asking whether you want to install the packages, extract them, or get info about them. You could easily remove the extraneous parts, though.

If you would prefer to use something like gnome-terminal, rather than xterm, for the installation (to enter your password / view the output), you would need to replace XTERMPRG=/usr/bin/X11/xterm with XTERMPRG=/usr/bin/gnome-terminal and the -T flag on line 47, with -x.


Yes, it is safe to multi-boot your system.
Just turn off the secure boot from BIOS settings.

Do follow the steps of installations of other operating system carefully.


Please note that this answer could be outdated. There is probably a more up-to-date solution to this.

I got it installed. At least the most information I got from here:
http://tech-devnet.blogspot.de/2012/05/running-ubuntu-1204-on-mac.html

What I did:

installing rEFIt, which is pretty easy. I had the problem that rEFIT didn't start without pressing [alt] while booting, but the solution is the manual install which is easy and described in the rEFIt documentation.
create a free partition using bootcamp (on snow leopard)
boot an ubuntu dvd. You can do that pressing [C] while booting.
install ubuntu.

Probably I wouldn't have had so much trouble when I skipped the bootcamp part and just let ubuntu split the thing automatically (it seems like ubuntu can do this, i didn't try).

But I have to warn people. On my macbook6.1, about 4 Years old, I can use macOS 4 hours and more, but ubuntu only 2 hours until the battery is empty. Even with using powertop, jupiter etc. Many power saving tutorials do not work anymore because they are too old.

To improve Battery life try things like proprietary GPU drivers, laptop-tools-mode and so on. Also there is a repository called mactel on launchpad, providing applesmc and macfanctld which will provide a better automatic fan control with good standard settings, easy to edit.


How can I uninstall an application that Software Center will not?

There are a couple of ways but first you need to know why there is a conflict. The package that comes with Software Center is maintained by Ubuntu. The one that you downloaded from Virtualbox (The same way I do it) is maintained by, well, VirtualBox (Oracle). Since they have similar packages but different maintained sources, the conflicts of war arise!!

The easiest way to resolve this is to:

Remove all virtualbox packages from the system. To do this I normally use synaptic or aptitude but you can use apt-get also, like this:

sudo apt-get purge virtualbox*

Install the package from virtualbox.org, which is the virtualbox deb package. In this case the virtualbox-4.3_4.3.6-91406~Ubuntu~precise_i386.deb.

It should work with no problem. If by chance you get an error, install aptitude which is better for looking for several apt problems and then type sudo aptitude search virtualbox. If you find ANY packages that have the i letter in front of them like so:

In this case the virtualbox-4.3 has the i, then purge the package like sudo aptitude purge virtualbox-4.3. This is all to make sure that no conflicts emerge when trying to install the official ones.

Also, just for checking, make sure to download the correct package for your specific arch. If you have Ubuntu 32 Bit, you need to download the i386 package of Virtualbox. If you have the 64 bit, you need to use the AMD64 one.


assuming that you have minimized all the windows by using ctrl-super-D, you can unminimize them by using again ctrl-super-D.


Cannot install Kubuntu 12.04.3 with wubi

Your wubi.exe is not up to date. For 12.04.3 you need rev.279.


Wi-Fi problem on Lenovo z50-70 with Realtek RTL8723BE

You need to install wireless driver. It can be done this way. Run in terminal these commands (one by one):

sudo apt-get install git build-essential
git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtlwifi_new.git
cd rtlwifi_new
make
sudo make install

You will need to re-install it after each kernel upgrade.


Which application can mount or open the network shared directory?

Ohk actually I got it...

Step 1) Open nautilus

Step 2) Right click on Network location apeared on left panel.

Step 3) Click Open

Step 4) Select the network node.

Step 5) Open with another application.

Step 6) Show  Other applications.

Step 7) Choose Files application

Step 8) Select

There you go....


What is the difference between ln -s and mount --bind?

They will behave differently in at least two cases:

In a chroot, if the link target is outside the chroot, the link will be dead. A bind mount will still be accessible.
Several programs can distinguish between symbolic links and actual directories or files. Few (if any) can distinguish between a directory or file and the one mounted on it. This also extends to symbolic links to something (A) which have something else (B) mounted on them. The link will show the contents of mount target (B) instead of the original (A).

Also, you can bind mount a directory or file on an existing directory or file, masking the original contents (rendering the original contents inaccessible unless the original was bind mounted elsewhere). A symbolic link requires that the original be moved or deleted.


May be "IN" missed?
I have so that

zone "antenna.ru" IN {
    type master;
    file "/etc/bind/antenna.zones";
    allow-update { none; };

};
Also you can try an option "check-names ignore;"


When reporting a bug you should (specially in beta) make sure that you are using the latest package versions available from the Ubuntu servers.

Since 12.04 beta 2 release as a CD, packages have been already updated with fixes on the servers.

The CD images are not constantly updated (unless we are talking about a daily image, but these also can be missing some updates right after download). You need to update your system before successfully reporting a bug.

Do that by opening a terminal and typing sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade.

Make sure that the bug you where going to report is still present on the new packages, a more recent package update might have already fixed it.


No Desktop after upgrading to Ubuntu 14.04 from 13.10

I too came across same situation and what I did is I have Lsited below :

Login into command line mode by using ctrl+alt+(F1 to F6)

Then it will ask your username & password. With below commands I am able to get upgraded to 14.04.

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

sudo apt-get install unity


How can I allow IP addresses of my LAN and block IP addresses of WAN like Tmeter software?

From the looks of it, TMeter is some kind of firewall application. I don't think it will work with Linux, even under WINE - Linux is a fundamentally different operating system to Windows and WINE can't fix that.

Instead, I suggest you look at the various firewall applications available in Ubuntu - such as GUFW.

I think GUFW comes installed by default, but if not you can install it manually. It calls itself "Firewall Configuration" in the Applications lens in Ubuntu.

If it's not installed and you're comfortable using the terminal, you can install GUFW with

sudo apt-get install gufw

Or you can search the Software Centre for it.

The Ubuntu Documentation is pretty good at giving an introduction to GUFW, check it out.


It totally depends on the GUI.
you can't have the exact same graphics.

What's your graphics card?
By default Ubuntu use the open source video driver Nouveau for NVIDIA graphics card. This driver lacks support for 3D acceleration and may not work with the very latest video cards or technologies from NVIDIA. An alternative to Nouveau are the closed source unified NVIDIA drivers, which are developed by NVIDIA. This driver provides excellent 3D acceleration and video card support.


Ubuntu 18.04 shows only the desktop pattern in external screen

Apparently, it is the default behavior of Join Displays in Ubuntu 18.04 :

https://github.com/home-sweet-gnome/dash-to-panel/issues/372

Change the primary display (Settings -> Devices -> Displays) or install gnome-extension-multi-monitor.


i think these values depend on the ISP (internet service provider)
an example-
address- 192.168.1.13
netmask- 255.255.255.0
gateway- 192.168.1.1

maybe they work for you


Create a directory with mkdir from broad

You should execute the command mkdir ~/My_directory_name which will create the directory in your home from any place.
Of course that you can do it for any other directory and not only to home - mkdir <path>/<new_dir_name> Where the <path> is absolute or relative path to the directory where you want <new_dir_name> to be created.


Reading external disk with LUKS/LVM2 partitions

Okay, I found out how to mount the LVM2 partition from Cyberbitz for anyone else in the same pickle.


Prompt for User Input and turn it into an environment variable

Edit ~/.bashrc and add to the bottom:

leonid@DevSSD:~$ tail -n 7  ~/.bashrc
getIP() {
  export MASTER=`ip addr | grep inet | grep 10. | tail -1 | sed 's/^ *//g' | cut -d ' ' -f 2 | sed 's/\/.*$//g'`
  echo "Master IP is: $MASTER"
  echo "Insert the new IP:"
  read input
  export SLAVE="$input"
}

Type in shell prompt: $ getIP

leonid@DevSSD:~$ getIP
Master IP is: 192.168.1.101
Insert the new IP:
10.0.0.1

Then you may check if var is set:

leonid@DevSSD:~$ env|grep MASTER
MASTER=192.168.1.101
leonid@DevSSD:~$ env|grep SLAVE
SLAVE=10.0.0.1


Unmet dependencies when trying to remove libnvidia-ifr1-390

Same issue. Solved with this:

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2388026&page=3&p=13761809#post13761809

for FILE in $(dpkg-divert --list | grep nvidia-340 | awk '{print $3}'); do sudo dpkg-divert --remove $FILE; done
sudo apt --fix-broken install
sudo apt update ; sudo apt upgrade


SSHFS mount does not work on startup using fstab

sshfs needs a network connection. Maybe it is not set up at the time the ftsab mounts are executed. Never had problems with cable network but if I use wifi I have to mount it manually too. You also should add the _netdev parameter to your fstab. Otherwise the mount is waiting for a timeout and it will slow down your boot process.


What happens when you open wubi.exe in Windows?

Just look here

Wubi installs Ubuntu as any other application of Windows. You can it remove as easily as the applications in Windows…


How do I delete a tag in Hamster Time Tracking?

You can edit the database file of hamster in ~/.local/share/hamster-applet/hamster.db to delete tags.

CLI method

We'll use sqlite3 program to do editing from command line.

Install it using this command

sudo apt-get install sqlite3

Then open the database file

sqlite3 ~/.local/share/hamster-applet/hamster.db

See all the tags defined (Optional)

select * from tags;

This may return something like this.

3|au|true

Here, The first column is ID, second one is name and third one controls whether or not this tag should be shown for autocompletion.
Now, To remove a tag named au (for example)

delete from tags where name = 'au';

This will delete the tag with au name. You can check using select * from tags;.
Now, save the database (otherwise the save will not persist)

.save ~/.local/share/hamster-applet/hamster.db

Quit the sqlite3 prompt using command

.quit;

Graphical method

Install any sqlite3 database editor. Such as sqliteman.

 sudo apt-get install sqliteman

Open the database file in ~/.local/share/hamster-applet/hamster.db.
Navigate to Schema tab, main -> Tables. Double click tags to see it's data on the right-hand side panel.
Select the row for the tab you want to remove and click on Remove Row button above.
Then click on Commit Current Transaction to save the changes.
Exit Sqliteman.

Here is a simple screenshot indicating the buttons in SQLiteman

Thanks to SteveK's hint on Editing the database file.


Prevent service brltty and qemu-kvm from starting

Just remove the brltty package if you don't need it.

sudo apt-get remove brltty

As for qemu-kvm service, there is an easy solution too. sudoedit your /etc/init/qemu-kvm.conf and correct the line

  start on runlevel [2345]

to

  start on runlevel [345]

System's default runlevel is 2.


Where is GParted located in USB installation file?

If you have a working, installed, Ubuntu you need to install it with

sudo apt-get install gparted

If you have an installation Live DVD and boot from it choose "install Ubuntu" and at some point you reach a "partitioning" section during the installation. That is gParted.

What you might want is the gParted Live: http://gparted.sourceforge.net/download.php Works the same as the Ubuntu Live: burn the ISO, start system with DVD/CD and it will run gParted. It is a good tool for changing your disc without the need for a working operating system. So always handy.


Can't use USB adapter 0846:9014 NetGear, Inc. in Ubuntu 16.04

Restart network manager.

  sudo service network-manager restart

Restart the nm applet.

  killall nm-applet && nm-applet &

then

  sudo lshw -class network

output look like this

  *-network
       description: Wireless interface
       product: Wireless 7265
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
       logical name: wlp2s0
       version: 59
       serial: 60:57:18:78:f9:92
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
       configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=4.4.0-28-generic firmware=16.242414.0 ip=192.168.1.20 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abgn
       resources: irq:49 memory:f7000000-f7001fff

With the above information available to us we can go to work and try to solve the resume from suspend issue.

sudo vi /etc/pm/config.d/config

In this file, paste the following

SUSPEND_MODULES="iwlwifi wlp2s0"

Now, issue a restart of the network manager

sudo service network-manager restart

that's it.


Replace the "\w" with "\$PWD"

[\u@\h ]\$PWD$

See also https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CustomizingBashPrompt


How to Create Exact Copy of Your Linux Server Disk Drive and Restore it

Use lsblk to locate location of your hard disk.

if your hard disk is located at /dev/sdb then use the following command to make a replica image of your entire disk into an image, which you can restore on

Another hard disk
USB Flash Drive ( if big enough )
Another Linux Server

Copy entire disk over SSH

ssh -p 22 -C root@my-server "dd if=/dev/sdb bs=1024k conv=noerror,sync" | \
dd of=MyServerDisk.iso

This will create an entire copy of your disk to your local machine using -C Compression.

To restore it unto another disk or USB do:

Assuming new disk drive is located at /dev/sda, then do:

dd if=MyServerDisk.iso bs=1024k of=/dev/sda conv=noerror,sync


see ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

default values are like

XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

You can restore them if the values are incorrect.


How can I convert a coloured icon to a monochrome one?

Ok, I invested some time and did it myself. What I did was basically use GIMP's Alpha to Selection tool to select the non-transparent parts of the image. Then I chose the Bucket Fill tool to apply a homogenous grey colour to the icon. All other refinements I did manually with the Paintbrush tool.

These are the raw icons:

 (programicon_old.png)  (programicon_scan.png)

This is what the indicator now looks like:

In order to install the icons you will have to compile GoldenDict from source:

Clone the GitHub repository

git clone https://github.com/goldendict/goldendict.git

Navigate to ./goldendict/icons and replace programicon_old.png and programicon_scan.png with the updated icons
Follow the instructions in README.md to compile and install GoldenDict


How to extract spider.exe file from XP CD

It's not necessary to use the windows version:

It's in default gnome-games installation!  Try AisleRiot Solitaire and change game /ctrl+o/ to spider  I like it more then pySol

from here


The default files inside your home folder will be re-created when you log in again. Do not do that since it might make it impossible to recover your personal data.

As for your personal documents: preferred method would be to restore those from a backup. If you do not have any you will need to rely on software like testdisk to find those files. Topics on recovering data:

How to recover deleted files? (Using scalpel)
data recovery with testdisk (Using testdisk)
General wiki page on data recovery.

Recovery tools work best if you did nothing with the space the deleted files occupied on disk.


Port 53 is reserved for the Domain Name System (DNS).

In your case it is the DNS cacher dnsmasq of the package dnsmasq-base. This pre-installed package is a dependency of network-manager, the network manager of your desktop environment (e.g. Unity, GNOME, …).

For this reason, don't uninstall the package dnsmasq-base and/or disable the service. Install bind9 and all is fine

sudo apt-get install bind9

Now you should see something like this, bind9 (named) is also running on port 53:

% sudo netstat -tulpn | grep ":53 "
tcp        0      0 192.168.2.131:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      8921/named
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      8921/named
tcp        0      0 127.0.1.1:53            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1223/dnsmasq
tcp6       0      0 :::53                   :::*                    LISTEN      8921/named
udp        0      0 192.168.2.131:53        0.0.0.0:*                           8921/named
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*                           8921/named
udp        0      0 127.0.1.1:53            0.0.0.0:*                           1223/dnsmasq
udp6       0      0 :::53                   :::*                                8921/named

Use the command

sudo netstat -tulpn

to show the ports and listening processes for udp and tcp. For DNS it's usually UDP.

Use

ps -p PID -o comm=

to show the command name for the given process id (PID).


You can become root by typing sudo su in the mobile terminal and providing the lockscreen password if required.

This is a standard procedure which also works for the regular version of Ubuntu.


How to install cling kernel in Jupyter notebook

I tried your steps and also ran into problems. I had better luck building from source, installing the built kernel, and running with that. I don't have details on your build; make sure you remove any previous kernels from Jupyter before trying this. To do this, based on your input above, use the following commands:

~/cling_2017-03-30_ubuntu16/share/cling/Jupyter/kernel
jupyter kernelspec uninstall cling-cpp11

Now, here are my build instructions (I'm running Ubuntu 16.04):

mkdir -p ~/builds && cd ~/builds
wget https://root.cern.ch/download/cling/cling_2017-04-15_sources.tar.bz2
tar jxf cling_2017-04-15_sources.tar.bz2
mv src cling_2017-04-15
mkdir -p ~/builds/cling_2017-04-15/build
cd ~/builds/cling_2017-04-15/build
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ../
make -j8
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig
cd /usr/local/share/cling/Jupyter/kernel
sud pip3 install -e .
sudo jupyer kernelspec install cling-cpp11
cd ~ && jupyter notebook

Now, here's a simple example in Jupyter you can try. Cling is evolving, so check out the doc for the latest syntax.


A complete guide for backing up Ubuntu via the tar command?

Run these commands as root:

cd /
tar -cvpzf backup.tar.gz --exclude=/backup.tar.gz --one-file-system /

This will preserve everything, but not /proc, /sys, /mnt, /run, /dev, /media/*, backup.tar.gz, and other partitions.

Please note that other partitions will not be saved in the archive. For instance, your /home folder will not be saved if it is not on the main filesystem.

To restore (As root):

You may restore only selected files/folders.
You may restore from a LiveCD/LiveUSB. Instructions for this are below:

First off, cd to /media: cd /media

Now, run this magic command:

tar -xvpzf /path/to/backup.tar.gz -C /media/myDrive --numeric-owner

You may need to do other things, but this is specified in the Wiki post linked below.

Read this Wiki post for a more detailed explanation.

In this case, a full backup may (and probably is) overboard and won't help.

If your problem is in fact how you describe it, the problem is probably in one of your /etc configs. I recommend that you only copy your important files from your home directory to a USB drive.


20.04: Command / Shortcut to toggle on-screen keyboard?

You can navigate to Settings → Keyboard Shortcuts and scroll down. You will find Universal Access. Under it there will be a Turn on-screen keyboard on or off option. See the following screenshot.

After selecting the Turn on-screen keyboard on or off option, a dialogue box will appear asking you to set a shortcut key for the on-screen keyboard. Just press your preferred keys and it's done.


What is the difference of installing ffmpeg through snap and apt-get?

Below distinction will not explain the issues you experienced installing ffmpeg.
Snaps
From Wikipedia: "Snap (package manager)":

Snaps are self-contained applications running in a sandbox with mediated access to the host system.

The snaps are furthermore mounted as loopback filesystems.
Packages installed from Ubuntu repositories
Packages installed via aptitude (e.g. apt-get install command) can require and result in further dependencies being separately installed.
See this technical comparison for a detailed explanation.


How to use arithmetic expressions in the terminal?

I think, it should be $, not &. With & what you see is the PID of echo, not the arithmetic result.


Your Ubuntu-MATE 18.04 LTS release has plenty of life left.

Ubuntu-MATE 18.04 LTS is a long-term-support release, with 3 years of support starting with it's release in April 2018 (releases a yy.mm in format), so your support ends in April 2021.

The main Ubuntu 18.04 LTS has five years, but flavors come with 3 years of support.  Only the first (April) release in a even year is LTS (ie. 14.04 LTS, 16.04 LTS, 18.04 LTS, 20.04 LTS), the normal releases have shorter 9 months of support life.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes

  The 'main' archive of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS will be supported for 5 years
  until April 2023. Ubuntu 18.04 LTS will be supported for 5 years for
  Ubuntu Desktop, Ubuntu Server, and Ubuntu Core. Ubuntu Studio 18.04
  will be supported for 9 months. All other flavors will be supported
  for 3 years.


Here are four ways. Pick one you like best.

IPTables (the Linux Firewall) can intercept inbound packets, so the listener never receives them. IPTables is part of the Linux kernel, included with every install of Ubuntu. Several simpler frontends to IPTables (ufw, gufw) are in the Ubuntu repositories. This is the easiest method for most users...however your case is unusual (port conflict), so it may not work for you.
An AppArmor rule could prevent port use by an individual program...if/when this functionality is finally implemented (See LP:796588). However, the act of prevention might crash the program.
The application itself may offer a setting. You may need to approach the upstream developers and ask nicely for this. They might say yes, or not - they might have the listener there for a very good, innocent reason.
When using open source software, you can edit the source and recompile. Of course, this requires many requisite skills, and is recommended for fairly advanced users only.

Since your case is a port conflict (two applications trying to use the same port), one possible solution is to start the application you want bound to the port first. After the port is bound, then you are free to start Foxit Reader.


Can not log in to Desktop, but terminal works, Ubuntu 14.10

It turns out it was a typo in my /etc/profile file...


MAAS 2.4 - setting a node's default route

There are two general solutions for this issue:

Ensure your management network does not have a default gateway known to MAAS (this can be problematic, because MAAS controllers will report their network configuration to the region every ~30 seconds, and in doing so may repopulate the default gateway on the management VLAN, if it has been removed.)
After commissioning your machine, use the set_default_gateway API to pick an interface to use as the default gateway.

As an aside, we're looking at a way to solve this in MAAS 2.6+ by using source-specific routing, so that only traffic sourced from the management interface will use its gateway. But this solution may not be able to support images less recent than Ubuntu 18.04 "bionic".


Trying to connect Ubuntu 14.04 wired but can only get local access

I am new to Ubuntu but I had this issue at one point.  I went into a terminal session and typed in ifconfig and found out that I wasn't set to DHCP for some reason.  Then I edited the appropriate file using Network Configuration Command Line Instructions Sheet

The information you added about and IP address of 169.X.X.X means that it is not connecting.  This could mean a bad cable, a bad port in the wall or on the router, etc.  Try a different cable and/or a different port and run it again.  Generally a 169.X.X.X is a hardware failure not a configuration failure.

Good luck!