Duplicate icons of an application, running in Wine

This happens (not only) with Wine applications. I assume your application does not have a duplicated launcher, since you cannot pin it to the Unity Launcher (or Docky in your case). The second icon will most likely be a generic one, or a "general" Wine icon.

The second icon appears because the launcher and the application window do not "meet" each other.

What to do

Open OriginPro
Open a terminal, type the command xprop WM_CLASS + return, the cursor will change into a big +.
Click on the window of OriginPro, in the terminal you will find an output like:

WM_CLASS(STRING) = "finale.exe", "Wine"

(In the example of Finale, your output will be different)
Open your .desktop file, add a line, starting with StartupWMClass=, + the section of the output, identifying your application, like (again the Finale example):

StartupWMClass=finale.exe

Now your application launcher is "connected" to the application:


Firefox is unusable after Ubuntu 14.04 update process

Be sure to check that your system's date and time are accurate.  This can cause issues when validating certificates and have them show up as invalid.


SABDFL stands for Self Appointed Benevolent Dictator For Life, and is the nickname and IRC nick of Mark Shuttleworth, the guy who started the Ubuntu project.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SABDFL


Increase mouse cursor size on Ubuntu 20.04

Go to the Settings panel... choose Universal Access, then Cursor Size...


Why does gnome-sushi use that much memory?

It's not a real solution to my question but it nicely solves what I wanted to accomplish.

I found Gloobus to replace Gnome-Sushi with this very nice intructions, which is lot more lightweight.


Cannot change brightness on Samsung rv411 laptop computer

Try a workaround that might help.

Open a terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) and issue the following command

gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Search for the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

and change it to:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi="

proofread, save the document and update grub with the following command

sudo update-grub

Reboot your PC and check now if you can change the brightness with Fn keys.


mv error in destination file in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and my system does not use apt-get or yum,

Downloading gz files and extracting and moving them is not the best way to install a software in Ubuntu. You should use sudo apt-get or more recent sudo apt commands to install software from the command line whenever possible.

The instructions below are from https://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/projects/fdr/manual/gui/getting_started.html

  If your distribution uses apt-get (e.g. Debian or Ubuntu), then the
  following commands can be used to install FDR:

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/projects/fdr/downloads/debian/ fdr release\n" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/fdr.list'
wget -qO - http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/projects/fdr/downloads/linux_deploy.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fdr


How much percentage of non-free softwares do Ubuntu's repositories contain?

Though I didn't find such information on Ubuntu's documentation, I created a simple script to calculate it manually:
#!/bin/bash

ubuntu_main=$(lynx -dump http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal/main/binary-amd64/Packages.gz | grep ^Package: | wc -l)
ubuntu_universe=$(lynx -dump http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal/universe/binary-amd64/Packages.gz | grep ^Package: | wc -l)
ubuntu_restricted=$(lynx -dump http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages.gz | grep ^Package: | wc -l)
ubuntu_multiverse=$(lynx -dump http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages.gz | grep ^Package: | wc -l)

percentage="($ubuntu_restricted+$ubuntu_multiverse)/($ubuntu_main+$ubuntu_universe)"

echo "Total number of packages on Ubuntu's main repository = $ubuntu_main"
echo "Total number of packages on Ubuntu's universe repository = $ubuntu_universe"
echo "Total number of packages on Ubuntu's restricted repository = $ubuntu_restricted"
echo "Total number of packages on Ubuntu's multivrese repository = $ubuntu_multiverse"

echo "Percentage of non-free packages on Ubuntu's repositories= $(echo $percentage*100 | bc -l) %"

Output:
$ ./sample
Total Packages on Ubuntu's main repository = 6090
Total number of packages on Ubuntu's universe repository = 53206
Total number of packages on Ubuntu's restricted repository = 143
Total number of packages on Ubuntu's multivrese repository = 813
Percentage of non-free packages = 1.61225040474905558500 %

For Debian GNU/Linux:
$ cat sample
#!/bin/bash

debian_main=$(lynx -dump http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/buster/main/binary-amd64/Packages.gz | grep ^Package: | wc -l)
debian_contrib=$(lynx -dump http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/buster/contrib/binary-amd64/Packages.gz | grep ^Package: | wc -l)
debian_nonfree=$(lynx -dump http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/buster/non-free/binary-amd64/Packages.gz | grep ^Package: | wc -l)

percentage="($debian_contrib+$debian_nonfree)/($debian_main)"

echo "Total number of packages on Debian's main repository = $debian_main"
echo "Total number of packages on Debian's contrib repository = $debian_contrib"
echo "Total number of packages on Debian's non-free repository = $debian_nonfree"

echo "Percentage of non-free packages on Debian GNU/Linux = $(echo $percentage*100 | bc -l) %"

$ ./sample
Total number of packages on Debian's main repository = 56873
Total number of packages on Debian's contrib repository = 293
Total number of packages on Debian's non-free repository = 602
Percentage of non-free packages on Debian GNU/Linux = 1.57368171188437395600 %

Note: update and backport repositories are not considered for this analysis


Just upgraded to 12.10, and cannot enable VirtualBox driver

Upgrading virtual box will solve this issue.

Download virtual box 4.2 from here. Uninstall and reinstall the guest additions.

Here is the changelog of 4.2.2 related to Linux

  Linux hosts / guests: Linux 3.7-rc1 fixes
  Linux Additions: support X.Org Server 1.13
  Linux Additions: fixed a hang when the X server was restarted with old guest kernels
  Linux Additions: fixed a VBoxService crash during CPU hot remove


To LVM or not?

LVM for Spanning SSDs

  1) Should I opt for LVM management by re-installing ubuntu? I've heard
  how good it really is. I've heard it makes it into one drive - but
  SSDs don't work when they're near full. So will LVM just take care of
  things when one of the drive (say 250 GB SSD) gets nearly full?

LVM can be used for many different purposes. One of them is encryption, another is disk spanning, one can use both as well. Your first question is about disk spanning.

The default way disk spanning works will fill up one disk and then start putting files in the next one. However, this default behavior can be changed, and you can set it up to put the data (not necessarily files) evenly between the two disks.

One issue with disk spanning is you have no control where the data goes. For example, lets say you have a 5MB powerpoint file. Half of that file may be in one drive, and the rest in the other. This will speedup saving and loading the file. On the other hand, if one of the SSD fails, your data is toast. This is true not only for one file but for all the data in the LVM partition as a whole. Say you create a single 750 GB partition spanning the 250 GB SSD and the 500 GB SSD using LVM. One of the SSDs fails. You will have half a partition. There is no way to recover any data from half a partition in the working SSD.

You may want to create a large single partition spanning two SSDs if you need to work with a single 600GB file that won't fit in either of the SSDs.

See LVM - how is data allocated between disk for more information.

LVM for Encrypting Partitions

  2) Or, should I format the 500 GB with ext4, and encrypt it, and use
  it like an external harddisk? (Or is there any other alternatives?)

The LUKs encryption method will automatically create a LVM layer between the physical partition and the encryption layer.

It depends on what kind of data you will put in that SSD. If it is game saves and Lady Gaga songs, I would not bother with encryption. If it is your tax returns, and bank balance, I would encrypt the partition.

I understand the use the second SSD as an "external" disk to mean that the encrypted partition will not be mounted when the laptop boots. This means that you will not be asked for the encryption passphrase when the laptop boots. If and when you need to access this encrypted partition, you will enter the passphrase and mount the partition.

If you set it up this way, the data in the encrypted partition remains protected even when the laptop is on, as long as the partition is not mounted.

Other Alternatives

These alternatives are not about encryption, but mounting the second SSD. I assume you want to format the second SSD as a single partition. You can use encrypted partitions for these if you need it.

If you use encrypted partitions in the following alternatives, the encryption will only protect your data as long as the laptop is off. That is, if your laptop is off and a thief runs away with it, your data will be protected. However, if you are logged on and a thief gets your laptop, then there is no protection, as you have already unlocked the encrypted partition when the laptop booted.

/home in the second SSD

In Ubuntu (Linux in general) a partition is mounted as a folder. This means you can setup your 500 GB SSD as a (encrypted or not) single partition and mount it as the /home folder. If you do this, all your personal data, documents, music, videos, etc. will be in the 500 GB SSD.

If you have other users for this laptop, putting the whole /home folder in a separate partition (in the second SSD) and encrypting that partition means all the data for all the other users will be protected by encryption.

You don't have to put the whole /home folder in the second SSD. You can mount a partition in the second SSD as any sub-folder within the /home folder. Here are some examples:

If you are a music buff, you can dedicate the whole 500 GB SSD to music by creating a single ext4 partition and mounting that partition as /home/$USER/Music (where $USER is your username).

If you are a musician and want to protect your music from laptop thieves, you can LUKs encrypt this partition.

If you are a photographer, you can dedicate the whole 500 GB SSD to photos by creating a single ext4 partition and mounting that partition as /home/$USER/Pictures.

As a professional photographer you may want to protect your photographs from laptop thieves. You can LUKs encrypt this partition.

If you are a Youtuber, you can dedicate the whole 500 GB SSD to videos by creating a single ext4 partition and mounting that partition as /home/$USER/Videos.

As a professional vlogger you may want to protect your videos from laptop thieves. You can LUKs encrypt this partition.

  3) Is there any workaround to use Dropbox on an encrypted ext4 system?
  (I forgot to encrypt my ubuntu when installing; which I'm going to
  encrypt it soon) Thanks in advance.

Yes there is!

You will need to encrypt at the partition level (not at the folder level). In other words, it depends on what kind of encryption method you use. In the default Ubuntu installation, /home is a folder. The option to encrypt the home folder during installation uses ecryptfs a folder level encryption method. This does not work with Dropbox any more.

If you use a whole partition mounted as /home, then you can encrypt that partition using LUKs, which uses LVM as an underlying layer.

The /home partition can reside in either the first or the second SSD.  However, since this is a partition level encryption, and Ubuntu needs to make sure the /home folder (which is a partition) is accessible during boot, you (and all other users) will be asked to enter the encryption passphrase when the system boots. If you forget the passphrase, your system will not boot. Moreover, you will not be able to get to your files, music, etc.

If your /home folder is not a separate partition, as it should be with a default installation, you can move /home to a new partition and at the same time encrypt that partition.

The process of creating the new /home encrypted partition and copying all your files is described in Ecrypfts to LUKS on ext4 partition

Hope his helps


One thing to suspect when your SSH login is rejected with no apparent reason is whether the server has security updates due. In such a case OpenSSH denies any login attempt without even logging it.

Type sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade at the server's local terminal and see if anything changes.


Right click copy contents of file to clipboard

You could write a small perl script like the one I posted below and run it as a nautilus script.

It would work like this:

Mark the files in nautilus
Right click for context menu
Click 'Scripts' entry of the context menu then click the name of the script (in my case the name is 'contents2clipboard').

Now the contents of all files is in the clipboard an can be pasted into a text editor or any other application.

To use the script copy it into a new file in the ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts directory. The file's name will be the text of the corresponding entry in the 'Scripts' menu of nautilus. In my case the name is 'contents2clipboard'.

Here's a screenshot:

Here is the very basic script:

#!/usr/bin/perl
# indent-mode: spaces, tabsize: 4, encoding: utf8
#
# © 2011 con-f-use@gmx.net. Use under the MIT license:
#     http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
#
# This nautilus script copies the content of the selected files
#+into the clipboard. Nautlis scripts are usually located in
#+'$HOME/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts' and need to be executable.

# Gtk2 stuff
use Glib qw/TRUE FALSE/;
use Gtk2 '-init';
use utf8;

# Get files list
@files = split( "\n", $ENV{'NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS'} );
$content = '';
# read content of files in list
foreach $path (@files) {
    if( -T $path ) {
        open FILE, "<$path";
        $content .= do { local $/; <FILE> };
        close(FILE);
    }
}

# Copy content to clipboard
$clipboard = Gtk2::Clipboard->get(Gtk2::Gdk->SELECTION_CLIPBOARD);
$clipboard->set_text($content);
Gtk2->main;

As it is it has a few quirks you might want to fix:

It doesn't work on remote file systems because of the way NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS is handeld.
It doesn't check the size of the files provided. So very large files might cause trouble.

Don't know if this suits your needs. If so: enjoy! (and mark answered)


MythBuntu is a front-end/back-end PVR. I beleive what you are looking for is called PLEX. It is a media server and streaming linux based program.


Bionic Beaver Distribution for Mac 64-bit PowerPC

18.04 is still in beta. You would be better off getting 16.04 to work on the IBM Power PC properly first and then upgrade later.

Here is one IBM Site for setting up Ubuntu on the Power PC. It's the first one I found and you might have to google search it a bit more.

Going to an IBM site for support is a good option. Another is reporting bugs through Launchpad. Ubuntu Wiki already has a page devoted to IBM Power PC and recommendations not to use btrfs, etc. based on Launchpad bug reports.


cd not working and usb boot not supported, if winxp still boots, try the windows installer:
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/thank-you?distro=wubi&release=&bits=


The choice to have zero chrome on the ephemeral notifications is very deliberate and not going to change. The rationale is that these notifications should be as lightweight as possible.

However, there are some things that could be done to help you further.

There is a spec to make the timing of the notification variable - longer messages would stay for a longer time, or updated messages would be extended. A patch implementing that would be welcome, it would allow us to shorten the time for very short messages :-)

Also, we would like to add a "do not disturb" mode, where only system (urgent) notifications, like battery very low and hardware problems, would show up. So you could use do-not-disturb to avoid people seeing your notifications when they are looking over your shoulder, or you are plugged in to the projector (though we'd rather put the notifications on your laptop screen and not on the projector, where they are different displays). Again, a patch for that would be welcome.


Bumblebee using nouveau instead of proprietary

No. I'm really dumb. I had duplicate Driver= in first block. Sorry


I like a challenge. Yes you can do this, if you are willing to let the
first ssh fail.  The following script (which I actually tested) tails the
sshd log, which by default (on my system) produces lines like this on a
failed ssh login:

Jun 20 21:06:35 home sshd[18163]: Invalid user dummy from ::1

When such a line is matched, the user id (dummy in this example) is
extracted and a user account is created with a encrypted password which is the
same as the user id (dummy).  A second attempt to login will now work.

# encrypt a cleartext password given as arg
cryptpw(){
        perl -e '
        my $pw = "'"$1"'";
        my $salt = join("",("a".."z")[rand 26,rand 26]);
        printf "%s\n", crypt($pw,$salt);'
}

sudo journalctl --no-pager -lfu sshd |
while read line
do    if [[ "$line" =~ "Invalid user "([^ ]*) ]]
      then  newuser=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
            pw=$(cryptpw "$newuser")
            sudo useradd "$newuser" -p "$pw"
      fi
done

The user might like to then copy their key to the remote:

ssh-copy-id dummy@host

If they dont have a key yet, first do:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -q -N ''


There are probably several ways to do this, but the simplest ones are:
sh@uruk:~$ cat /proc/swaps
Filename                Type        Size    Used    Priority
/dev/nvme0n1p3          partition   2097148 456     -2

sh@uruk:~$ swapon -s
Filename                Type        Size    Used    Priority
/dev/nvme0n1p3          partition   2097148 456     -2


Running ./startmeup.sh.desktop from the terminal will not work, as the .desktop is not a shell script.

Also add:

Terminal=true

that might be of help!

To start application on startup, you need to do it the usual way:

How do I start applications automatically on login?


Microphone - static background noise suppression

I use lubuntu and have installed pulseaudio and pavucontrol already.
I have managed to fix the problem with my microphone noise by launching skype from terminal:
PULSE_PROP="filter.want=echo-cancel" skype


Bluetooth/Blueman won't detect bluetooth devices, other devices can't find computer

Download https://www.dropbox.com/s/14wqp7t8u2026ds/test1.zip?dl=0 and extract it to /home so you have a test1 folder in home and enter the rest in terminal

sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-firmware
cd test1
cp /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/Module.symvers Module.symvers
make all
sudo modprobe -r ath3k
sudo modprobe -r btusb
sudo mv /lib/modules/$(uname-r)/kernel/drivers/bluetooth/ath3k.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/bluetooth/ath3k.ko.bak
sudo mv /lib/modules/$(uname -r0/kernel/drivers/bluetooth/btusb.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/bluetooth/btusb.ko.bak
sudo cp ath3k.ko  /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/bluetooth/
sudo cp btusb.ko  /lib/modules/$(uname-r)/kernel/drivers/bluetooth/
sudo modprobe btusb
sudo modprobe ath3k

If after a shutdown and boot, you notice issues with bluetooth not working then

echo "blacklist ath3k" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/ath3k.conf

Then edit /etc/rc.local sudo gedit /etc/rc.local
and add sleep 20
and modprobe ath3k above the line with exit 0, save exit program and reboot


Edit is the one you want to chroot into, mnt is where you mount the read-only ISO, extract-cd is the extracted ISO.
The ISO is fine as read-only, as I understand it, it is mounted at mnt. You DO NOT want to edit mnt, just the extracted CD. When you are done, you will make your own ISO. Anything you edit in the LiveCD, as I understand it, will be reflected in the installed system. Anything which has folders such as extract-cd, edit or mnt is not done inside chroot. As for the kernel - you need your own kernel here, and then you can

sudo cp /path/to/vmlinuz extract-cd/casper/vmlinuz
sudo cp /path/to/initrd extract-cd/casper/initrd.lz

When done with the kernel:

sudo chroot edit
mkinitramfs -o /initrd.lz [kernel version]
exit
mv edit/initrd.gz extract-cd/casper/

And then follow the guide from Cleanup.
Hope this works!


How can I renable my wifi controller after modprobe -rv?

The command sudo modprobe -rv rtl8723be removed the module from the running kernel (that's what the -r option does - it's short for --remove).

This doesn't alter any configuration, so the driver will be inserted again on the next boot. To insert it manually, run sudo modprobe rtl8723be (without the -r option). You don't need the -v option; it only makes the command's output more verbose. Also see man modprobe for more information.


Most music players for Ubuntu can be minimised to an indicator. I know gmusicbrower is one that can.


Syntax error near unexpected token 'newline' error while installing .deb packages offline

Try installing the software with

dpkg --install <Package_Name>

Like in your case just cd into the directory and then type the above command like

dpkg --install libpng12-0_1.2.50-2+deb8u3_amd64.deb


How do I set Lightning as the default calendar app?

Thunderbird can be set as default calendar application by opening the file:

$HOME/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list*

In a text-editor such as GEdit and adding the line text/calendar=thunderbird.desktop to the [Default Applications] section. You may or may not need to add that same line to the [Added Associations] section too.

*To find and open this file, press the button combo Ctrl+H in your home folder, and look for .local, then find the file, right-click it and Open with..., or just double-click. After adding the line, press CTRL+Q, answer YES when asked to save.

See also this comment in the bug report.


Not devil, but devel. It's short for development :)


There are a lot of alternatives to Shotwell, also last Picasa for linux is still available to download if you search for it.

F-Spot

digiKam

Gwenview

Although it looks like your problem is like Jos said, your pc isn't recognizing your phone.


Installation of Ubuntu: Gets straight to login screen and turns black after login

Get to this screen

Once you see this screen, press F6 and you'll see some boot options popping up. Navigate to nomodeset and hit Enter.

Press Esc and now choose Try Ubuntu Without Installing or Install Ubuntu, whichever you want.

You should now see the desktop or installer.

For what is nomodeset see What does `nomodeset` do


To install a .deb file, open a terminal and type

sudo dpkg -i

drag the deb into the terminal and click enter


Which theme is this and how to get it on Ubuntu 16.04?

It looks like the screenshot is taken from https://twitter.com/UdaraU3/status/792798140403507200, and a followup tweet at https://twitter.com/UdaraU3/status/796319204513370112 states that it is the Budgie Desktop with the Adapta theme and Paper icons.

From http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2016/09/install-budgie-desktop-on-ubuntu, to install the Budgie Desktop, run:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:budgie-remix/ppa
sudo apt update && sudo apt install budgie-desktop budgie-welcome

The Adapta theme is developed at https://github.com/adapta-project/adapta-gtk-theme. To install the theme, run:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tista/adapta
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install adapta-gtk-theme

From https://snwh.org/paper/download, to install the Paper icons, run:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:snwh/pulp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install paper-icon-theme

It looks like the PS1 in the terminal is also heavily customized. See @Anwar's answer at https://askubuntu.com/a/816091/15003 for ideas on how to customize the PS1 to fit what is shown in the screenshot.


I suspect that may not be the problem, but go to here and you should be able to install the user-themes extension it by setting the switch to ON and then pressing Install


How to install Grub2 under several common scenarios

General Background on Grub2 Related Commands

grub-install

sudo grub-install /device
The /device refers to the physical drive that Grub will write the main grub executables to the MBR or Partition Boot Record of. Devices of the form /dev/sd[a-z] will have the MBR written into and devices of the form /dev/sd[a-z][0-9] will have the PBR written into. The primary difference being that the hardware always executes what is in the MBR and it then it is up to the code there as to whether or not the PBR is executed. There are setups where one might install something other than Grub2 to the MBR (say grub legacy) and have that load Grub2 which is installed in the PBR of one of the partitions. In general however, it is recommended to install Grub2 to the MBR using /dev/sd[a-z]. This option is required for all forms of the command.
sudo grub-install {--no-floppy|--allow-floppy} /device
These two flags can be used with any other variation of the grub-install command line. The first option --no-floppy was used to tell grub not to look for floppy disks which reduced the overall execution time. More recent copies of Grub now have the --allow-floppy option to specifically enable this feature since the default is now to not search for floppies.
sudo grub-install [--force] /device
Adding the --force option simply allows the installation of Grub into a Partition Boot Record instead of the Master Boot Record. Normally this behavior is not allowed. Reasons for why one might do this may be detailed in one of the scenarios below.
sudo grub-install [--recheck] /device
This regenerates the file /boot/grub/device.map which is used [FILL THIS IN]
sudo grub-install [--target=] /device
This option is used if you want to specify the specific firmware executed on boot. There are variants for BIOS vs UEFI and for x86 vs x64. If you are using BIOS and are installing Grub2 on the same machine you plan on booting then this is completely optional and it is recommended to let Grub2 detect this on its own.

grub-mkconfig

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
This is the standard form for this command. This will cause each of the scripts in /etc/grub.d to run, in order, and append the output from all of those to the file specified by the -o file option. The location of the file depends on the type of install or repair being done. See the entry for grub/grub.cfg

grub-update

sudo grub-update [*]
This is the only form in which grub-update can be called. It is merely a wrapper for grup-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg which means that /boot must be mounted for it to work. All arguments are passed directly to grub-mkconfig

General Background on Grub2 Related Files

/boot/grub/device.map (Optional)
[FILL THIS IN]
/boot/grub/core.img (Required)
This is grub2's main executable. [FILL IN MORE]
grub/grub.cfg (Mostly Required)
This file is the file where all the menu entries for grub are read from. It is generated with a list of scripts in /etc/grub.d of the operating system from which grub was installed (this may or may not be the one that grub will eventually boot). See the entries for grub-mkconfig. This file will be overwritten in the event that (Grub has an update AND /boot is mounted) OR (grub-update is run) OR (grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg is run). This file is listed with a relative path because where exactly it resides depends on if you are installing or repairing. If repairing, the partition which contains /boot will need to be mounted somewhere, say /mnt/boot. In this case the path will be /mnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg. If installing on an already-booted linux system the path will be /boot/grub/grub.cfg. In the event this file is missing, it is still possible to boot via the grub command shell. This is outside the scope of this document (hence the mostly required).

Scenario 1: No Boot Partition

Boot a Live CD, USB, or other Linux environment

Scenario 2: Boot Partition

Boot a Live CD, USB, or other Linux environment

Scenario 3: Thumb Drive

Attach USB drive to existing Linux environment
Create mount point for /dev/sdb1 & mount it
Install grub into the MBR of the /dev/sdb
???

Commands:

# Step 2
sudo mkdir /mnt/usb-boot-part
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb-boot-part
# Step 3
sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/usb-boot-part /dev/sdb

Scenario 4: Loopback Devices

Attach USB drive, from Scenario #3, to existing Linux environment

Really Informative Sites

[Subject] : Link


system reinstallation - only system partition

One thing you should realize is that a lot of configuration is in your home directory, so you might find that you don't get the results you hoped for.  However, the repositories list is not in your home directory, so that part may be OK.

To do what you want, you can simply reinstall, and do one of two things.

Install normally, specifying the current root partition for the new root, and checking the "format" box; then specify the current /home partition for /home, but do not check the "format" box.  This will replace system-related files in your home directory, but not erase other files.
Install normally, as above, but only specify the root partition for everything, leaving the home partition out of the equation completely.  This will install a new home directory.  You can then mount your existing home directory with the new /home as the mountpoint.  This will hide the existing files, and if you have a problem, you can edit /etc/fstab to disable the mount, or mount it in a different mountpoint.

Once everything is working, you could either boot off a live CD to erase the newly installed but unused /home, or you could temporarily unmount it to delete the directory.  Just don't delete it while it's mounted, because you will delete the mounted files, not the actual file that are hidden.

EDIT:

My opinion is I'd advise fixing the problem without reinstalling, if possible. It's probably not difficult, and you'll learn along the way. It's comforting to be able to fix things rather than reinstalling, and with Linux, it's not that difficult (unlike windows).

You may need to make a couple of posts, one for each problem, with more specifics. For example, the repositories are simply a list in a file, and you can either edit the file, or use synaptic, and clicking the menu "Settings", "Repositories". It's often easy to find which one is the problem, and remove it. Then refresh, and see if it fixes the problem.

More of my opinion:

Because there is so much configuration in the home directory that is release specific, I quit creating a separate /home partition.  What I have found to be more useful is to create a separate data partition, containing directories such as /Documents, Music, Videos, Pictures, Downloads, and whatever else I want.  Then, I simply create symbolic links for these directories, delete the folders in my home directory, and replace them with the symbolic links.  If you use the same names, and don't log out first, they will even have the special icons for those directories, and will act just like the originals.

The advantages of this method are that you don't end up with a lot of unneeded junk when you upgrade, you avoid problems with old configurations not getting replaced when you do, and if you use Windows, you can point the Windows equivalents to these same directories (assuming you use NTFS that Windows can read); also, if you ever try out other distros, you can quickly use your existing media files for easy evaluation.

If you are good at editing /etc/fstab, you could mount the directories instead of using links, but I find the links are easy to use, and have worked well over a long period of time.


Soft and hard links for Java - why do only soft links work

When you create a symbolic link ln -s to a file it acts like a link from Windows world. You can launch this symlink from any folder but the working directory will be the one where the original file is located.

As for hard links, when you create a hard link ln you make a sort of a copy of the original file preserving all its properties (it has the same inode as the original file). Thus the working directory will be the one where the hard link is located. So in your case, the hard link works fine but it uses /usr/bin as its working dir & looks for other supplementary files in this folder.


How to install Skype for Business via Wine?

That's the way Microsoft designed Skype for Business, to use shortcuts and programming tricks instead of documented system calls which WINE can handle. The WINE website documents how Skype for Business does not work under WINE, but a commercial alternative is available for Linux.


Remove any Drivers that may be causing the issue:

  sudo apt-get --purge remove nvidia-* if you have nvidia graphics,
  sudo apt-get remove fglrx if you have amd/ati graphics

to get any of them back:

If your system architecture is 64bit (x86_64), you need the ia32-libs package as well.

  sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

then for both 32 and 64bit:

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-settings

and for ATI

  wget http://www2.ati.com/drivers/linux/ati-driver-installer-11-4-x86.x86_64.run

Once dowloaded right-click the .run file and set it to run as executable.

  sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg-video-radeon

that will remove the opensource radeonHD driver.

Now this is only if it's a 64bit system:

  cd/path_of_the_file

  sh ati-driver-installer-11-3-x86.x86_64.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/natty

  sudo dpkg -i fglrx*.deb

  sudo aticonfig --initial -f

For the 32bit system just run the ati installer.


The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/armagetronad-dev/ppa/ubuntu bionic Release' does not have a Release file

You can execute in your command line:

sudo apt-add-repository -r ppa:armagetronad-dev/ppa
sudo apt update -q

The first line remove the repo and the second line update list of packages. After that you can install new packages, update or remove them.


msrtool, ThrottleStop, cpupower how control cpu clock?

Currently you are using the acpi-cpufreq CPU frequency scaling driver. This answer is for the intel_pstate CPU frequency scaling driver, with the suggestion that you go back to that driver for this work. Why? Because it is easier this way.

While your processor is a i3-2328M, examples herein are with a i7-2600K.

First, check your limits:

$ grep . /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/*
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct:100
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct:42
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo:0
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/num_pstates:23
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/status:active
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/turbo_pct:18

Now say, I wanted to limit my maximum CPU frequency to 60% of its capability:

echo 60 | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct

I'll use turbostat to demonstrate:

sudo turbostat --Summary --quiet --show Busy%,Bzy_MHz,PkgTmp,PkgWatt,IRQ --interval 15
Busy%   Bzy_MHz IRQ     PkgTmp  PkgWatt
0.03    1606    844     26      3.69   <<< No load
0.80    3130    3492    26      4.50
3.91    3770    5791    39      9.53
12.52   3799    16078   41      22.84  <<< 100% load on one CPU
12.52   3799    16077   43      22.97
12.53   3309    16168   38      19.44
12.53   2300    16019   38      12.03  <<< Limit to 60% of max (to nearest P state)
12.53   2300    16069   37      12.03
12.53   2300    16007   38      12.03
100.00  2300    120463  43      33.79  << Increase load to all CPUs
100.00  2300    120467  44      33.81
12.53   2300    16045   38      12.04  << Decrease load back to only 1 CPU
12.53   2300    16053   38      12.04
3.34    2295    4756    31      5.95   <<< Load removed
0.03    1600    689     30      3.74
0.07    1816    885     33      3.76


How do I remove the KDE 4 Plasma Tool Box/cashew icon from the desktop?

You can delete the toolbox cashew widget this way:

Open a terminal and type: sudo -H dolphin or kdesudo dolphin enter your password
In dolphin, navigate to /usr/share/kde4/services
Search in this folder for plasma-toolbox, there should be 3 files named plasma-toolbox-(*something*).desktop
Make backups of these in another folder and delete the originals
log out and back in

Done, no more cashew :)


How to show processes of specific users in htop

Maybe this could help you; First get processid with ps command with u option then, use htop -p commands as below;

#!/bin/bash
n=0;
while (( n++ < 3 )); do
{ sleep 3; killall htop;}&
htop -p $(ps -u root -u youruser  | awk 'BEGIN{ORS=","} {print $1}')
done


How to schedule a shell script using crontab

Check this tool, it will help you to build the crontab line: http://www.corntab.com/pages/crontab-gui

Quick answer:

30 7 * * 1,2,3,4,5,6 /your/command/to/run


2008 MacBook WiFi doesn't work with Ubuntu 13.04

I am using a 2008 Macbook Core 2 duo, aluminum
running Ubuntu 13.04

This answer here worked for me:

Running Ubuntu 12.04 on Mac

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mpodroid/mactel
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install b43-fwcutter firmware-b43-installer
sudo reboot


Can't generate thumbnails from some mkv files

I have found the answer here:

https://askubuntu.com/a/750276/229954

and it works for me.

Thank you:


Found an answer by myself:

If you remove the ; in front of the line  ; (gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/DirViewActions/OpenInTerminal" "<Primary><Alt>z") everything works. Sorry for the foolish question.


Maybe check first if any container running with docker ps -a,
then do a docker system prune -a


"Additional data from the script executed" message in Inkscape

https://bugs.launchpad.net/inkscape/+bug/965623

as mentioned in post #5 in the thread:

I had a clipboard manager installed on my debian 6; disabling it solved the annoyance factor -- it appears this is a known bug.


Can only access Ubuntu using "recovery mode" or "previous versions"

Sounds like X isn't starting, in recovery mode you can try to update the drivers or in grub you can set it to use vesa (fall back mode) this will get you into the OS at the very least but it will be slow and not a permanent solution.

This video might be helpful https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTmZYzaxR_k


Some info usually can be found in file /var/log/Xorg.0.log.


How to configure shortcuts to switch to specific keyboard layout in ubuntu 14

Keyboard layout in Xorg server session can be easily changed via setxkbmap.

Usage is pretty simple. Just pass your locale as an argument for that command and your current input would be changed (works both for console apps and for UI apps):

SYNOPSIS
   setxkbmap [ args ] [ layout [ variant [ option ...  ] ] ]

The call you need is: setxkbmap us. Or you may need more options which you can grab by running setxkbmap -query while you are on some locale.

So to have your request done:

  Alt+Shift+1 for English, Alt+Shift+2 for Russian, Alt+Shift+0 for Hebrew

you'd need to assign following commands to keyboard shortcuts:

Alt+Shift+0 : setxkbmap he
Alt+Shift+1 : setxkbmap us
Alt+Shift+2 : setxkbmap ru


Unable to boot from a USB drive on Samsung Series 9 notebook

The problem is that Samsung has a fast boot option, hence it ignores changes to the BIOS boot priority. To disable this, use Easy Settings application to get rid of the fast boot option and boot from USB.


Solved by reinstalling right packages. For Nvidia/Digits, install cuda-9.0 (it includes nvidia driver 384.111), cuDNN 7.1 and caffe 0.15. Everything is okay.


Find images in a Linux directory based on their resolution

Via bash's recursive glob  and ImageMagick's identify command:

shopt -s globstar
identify -format "%f, %w, %h\n" **/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}

Saving such output to file , is just a matter of adding > mylog.txt to previous command, that is

identify -format "%f, %w, %h\n" **/*.{png,jpg,jpeg} > mylog.txt

From there, you could use awk or perl to compare mylog.txt columns

awk -F ',' '$2 > 800 && $3 > 600' mylog.txt

awk here uses , as separator for columns, and the usual structure for awk is /PATTERN/{COMMANDS}, which defaults to just printing if {COMMANDS} omitted ; in the particular example above, if the pattern $2 > 800 && $3 > 600 is true, that is it's the image above desired resolution, you'll get it printed to the screen.

And probably skipping the log step in between, it would be a little better to just pipe everything:

shopt -s globstar
identify -format "%f, %w, %h\n" **/*.{png,jpg,jpeg} | awk -F ',' '$2 > 800 && $3 > 600' > filtered_images.txt

In case you encounter arguments list too long error, typically find command is better approach for recursively walking the directory tree. The identify can be called through find's -exec flag, and filtering still can be handled by awk:

$ find -type f -regex "^.*\.\(png\|jpg\|jpeg\)$" -exec identify -format "%f, %w, %h\n" {} \; | awk -F ',' '$2 > 800 && $3 > 600'
fanart.jpg, 1920, 1080
fanart.jpg, 1920, 1080
globalsearch-background.jpg, 1920, 1080
fanart.jpg, 1280, 720

As usual, don't forget to add > log2.txt to save everything to file.

Full path of to the file could be handled in either one of two ways. One, by specifying %d/%f in identify command's format string, or use find's -printf option. That is either

find -type f -regex "^.*\.\(png\|jpg\|jpeg\)$" -exec identify -format "%d/%f, %w, %h\n" {} \; | awk -F ',' '$2 > 800 && $3 > 600'

Or

find -type f -regex "^.*\.\(png\|jpg\|jpeg\)$" -printf "%p, " -exec identify -format "%w, %h\n" {} \; | awk -F ',' '$2 > 800 && $3 > 600'


Display resolutions missing after upgrade to Ubuntu 12-10

That thing where AMD no longer supports Radeon HD 4000 on X 1.13, I should think. unixmen.com may have a solution for you.


How do I install Lubuntu without a cd or usb in Ubuntu 12.04?

You can install the Lubuntu desktop and then remove Unity

One line command:

sudo apt-get remove account-plugin-aim account-plugin-facebook account-plugin-flickr account-plugin-google account-plugin-icons account-plugin-identica account-plugin-jabber account-plugin-salut account-plugin-twitter account-plugin-windows-live account-plugin-yahoo acpi-support acpid activity-log-manager-common activity-log-manager-control-center adium-theme-ubuntu aisleriot apg app-install-data-partner appmenu-gtk appmenu-gtk3 appmenu-qt apt-xapian-index apturl apturl-common avahi-autoipd avahi-daemon bamfdaemon baobab binutils bluez-alsa bluez-cups bluez-gstreamer branding-ubuntu brasero brasero-cdrkit brasero-common brltty checkbox checkbox-qt compiz compiz-core compiz-gnome compiz-plugins-default cryptsetup-bin cups-bsd dc dconf-tools deja-dup doc-base duplicity dvd+rw-tools empathy empathy-common eog espeak-data evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common example-content firefox firefox-globalmenu firefox-gnome-support folks-common fonts-kacst fonts-kacst-one fonts-khmeros-core fonts-lao fonts-lklug-sinhala fonts-opensymbol fonts-sil-abyssinica fonts-sil-padauk fonts-takao-pgothic fonts-thai-tlwg fonts-tibetan-machine fonts-tlwg-garuda fonts-tlwg-kinnari fonts-tlwg-loma fonts-tlwg-mono fonts-tlwg-norasi fonts-tlwg-purisa fonts-tlwg-sawasdee fonts-tlwg-typewriter fonts-tlwg-typist fonts-tlwg-typo fonts-tlwg-umpush fonts-tlwg-waree foomatic-db-engine freerdp-x11 gcalctool gcc gcc-4.7 gedit gedit-common geoclue geoclue-ubuntu-geoip gir1.2-accounts-1.0 gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1 gir1.2-atspi-2.0 gir1.2-dbusmenu-glib-0.4 gir1.2-dee-1.0 gir1.2-gdata-0.0 gir1.2-gmenu-3.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0 gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0 gir1.2-goa-1.0 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-0.10 gir1.2-gstreamer-0.10 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 gir1.2-gudev-1.0 gir1.2-indicate-0.7 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0 gir1.2-messagingmenu-1.0 gir1.2-peas-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-signon-1.0 gir1.2-soup-2.4 gir1.2-syncmenu-0.1 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gir1.2-totem-plparser-1.0 gir1.2-ubuntuoneui-3.0 gir1.2-unity-5.0 gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gnome-accessibility-themes gnome-bluetooth gnome-contacts gnome-control-center gnome-control-center-data gnome-control-center-signon gnome-desktop3-data gnome-font-viewer gnome-games-data gnome-mahjongg gnome-media gnome-menus gnome-online-accounts gnome-orca gnome-power-manager gnome-screensaver gnome-screenshot gnome-session gnome-session-bin gnome-session-canberra gnome-session-common gnome-settings-daemon gnome-sudoku gnome-system-log gnome-system-monitor gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-user-guide gnome-user-share gnomine growisofs gstreamer0.10-alsa gstreamer0.10-gconf gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-x gtk2-engines-murrine guile-1.8-libs gvfs-bin gwibber gwibber-service gwibber-service-facebook gwibber-service-identica gwibber-service-twitter hplip hplip-data hwdata ibus-gtk3 ibus-pinyin ibus-pinyin-db-android ibus-pinyin-db-open-phrase ibus-table indicator-appmenu indicator-datetime indicator-messages indicator-power indicator-printers indicator-session indicator-sound intel-gpu-tools kerneloops-daemon landscape-client-ui-install laptop-detect libaccount-plugin-1.0-0 libaccounts-glib0 libaccounts-qt1 libart-2.0-2 libasound2-plugins libatk-adaptor libatk-adaptor-data libavahi-core7 libavahi-gobject0 libbamf3-0 libboost-date-time1.49.0 libbrasero-media3-1 libbrlapi0.5 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcamel-1.2-40 libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-pulse libcanberra0 libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-1.0-common libclutter-gst-1.0-0 libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 libcmis-0.2-2 libcogl-common libcogl-pango0 libcogl9 libcompizconfig0 libcrypt-passwdmd5-perl libcryptsetup4 libcurl3-nss libdaemon0 libdbusmenu-qt2 libdecoration0 libdee-1.0-4 libdmapsharing-3.0-2 libdotconf1.0 libebackend-1.2-5 libebook-1.2-14 libecal-1.2-15 libedata-book-1.2-15 libedata-cal-1.2-18 libedataserver-1.2-17 libespeak1 libexempi3 libexiv2-12 libexttextcat-1.0-0 libexttextcat-data libfile-copy-recursive-perl libfolks-eds25 libfolks-telepathy25 libfolks25 libfreerdp-plugins-standard libfreerdp1 libgail-common libgail18 libgdata-common libgdata13 libgeoclue0 libgexiv2-1 libglew1.8 libglewmx1.8 libgmime-2.6-0 libgnome-control-center1 libgnome-desktop-3-4 libgnome-media-profiles-3.0-0 libgnome-menu-3-0 libgnome-menu2 libgnomekbd-common libgnomekbd8 libgoa-1.0-0 libgoa-1.0-common libgomp1 libgtkmm-3.0-1 libgtksourceview-3.0-0 libgtksourceview-3.0-common libgtkspell-3-0 libgweather-3-1 libgweather-common libgwibber-gtk3 libgwibber3 libhpmud0 libhyphen0 libical0 libido3-0.1-0 libindicate5 libitm1 libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjs-jquery liblcms1 liblouis-data liblouis2 liblua5.1-0 liblvm2app2.2 libmessaging-menu0 libmetacity-private0a libmission-control-plugins0 libmng1 libmusicbrainz5-0 libmx-1.0-2 libmx-bin libmx-common libmysqlclient18 libmythes-1.2-0 libnotify-bin libnss-mdns libnux-3.0-0 libnux-3.0-common liboauth0 libopencc1 libpackagekit-glib2-14 libpam-freerdp libpam-gnome-keyring libpeas-1.0-0 libpeas-common libprotobuf7 libprotoc7 libproxy1-plugin-gsettings libproxy1-plugin-networkmanager libpulsedsp libpython3.2 libqjson0 libqt4-dbus libqt4-declarative libqt4-designer libqt4-help libqt4-network libqt4-script libqt4-scripttools libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-sql-sqlite libqt4-svg libqt4-test libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtassistantclient4 libqtcore4 libqtgui4 libqtwebkit4 libquadmath0 libquvi-scripts libquvi7 libraw5 libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-emailmerge libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk libreoffice-help-en-us libreoffice-impress libreoffice-math libreoffice-ogltrans libreoffice-pdfimport libreoffice-presentation-minimizer libreoffice-presenter-console libreoffice-style-human libreoffice-style-tango libreoffice-writer librest-0.7-0 librhythmbox-core6 librsync1 libsane-hpaio libsensors4 libsgutils2-2 libsignon-extension1 libsignon-glib1 libsignon-plugins-common1 libsignon-qt1 libsnmp-base libsnmp15 libsonic0 libspeechd2 libspeexdsp1 libssh-4 libstlport4.6ldbl libsync-menu1 libsyncdaemon-1.0-1 libtelepathy-farstream2 libtelepathy-logger2 libtimezonemap1 libtotem-plparser17 libtotem0 libubuntuoneui-3.0-1 libufe-xidgetter0 libunity-core-6.0-5 libunity-misc4 libunity-protocol-private0 libunity-webapps0 libunity9 libuuid-perl libvncserver0 libwacom-common libwacom2 libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libwmf0.2-7-gtk libyaml-tiny-perl libyelp0 libzeitgeist-1.0-1 light-themes lightdm-remote-session-freerdp lightdm-remote-session-uccsconfigure linux-headers-generic-pae linux-libc-dev make manpages-dev mcp-account-manager-uoa media-player-info metacity-common mousetweaks mscompress mtools mysql-common nautilus nautilus-sendto nautilus-sendto-empathy nautilus-share network-manager-pptp network-manager-pptp-gnome notify-osd notify-osd-icons nux-tools obexd-client onboard oneconf overlay-scrollbar overlay-scrollbar-gtk2 overlay-scrollbar-gtk3 pcmciautils pinyin-database pkg-config plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo policykit-desktop-privileges pptp-linux printer-driver-c2esp printer-driver-foo2zjs printer-driver-hpcups printer-driver-min12xxw printer-driver-postscript-hp printer-driver-ptouch printer-driver-pxljr printer-driver-sag-gdi printer-driver-splix protobuf-compiler pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-module-gconf pulseaudio-module-x11 pulseaudio-utils python-apport python-configglue python-debtagshw python-dirspec python-gconf python-gi-cairo python-gnupginterface python-gst0.10 python-httplib2 python-imaging python-lxml python-mako python-markupsafe python-oauth python-openssl python-pam python-pexpect python-piston-mini-client python-problem-report python-protobuf python-pyinotify python-qt4 python-qt4-dbus python-renderpm python-reportlab python-reportlab-accel python-serial python-simplejson python-sip python-twisted-bin python-twisted-core python-twisted-names python-twisted-web python-ubuntu-sso-client python-ubuntuone-client python-ubuntuone-control-panel python-ubuntuone-storageprotocol python-uno python-xapian python-zeitgeist python-zope.interface python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat python3-brlapi python3-cairo python3-crypto python3-gi-cairo python3-httplib2 python3-louis python3-lxml python3-oauthlib python3-pyatspi2 python3-pycurl python3-speechd python3-virtkey qdbus qt-at-spi radeontool remmina remmina-common remmina-plugin-rdp remmina-plugin-vnc remote-login-service rhythmbox rhythmbox-data rhythmbox-mozilla rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder rhythmbox-plugin-magnatune rhythmbox-plugin-zeitgeist rhythmbox-plugins rhythmbox-ubuntuone rtkit samba-common samba-common-bin sane-utils seahorse session-migration sessioninstaller sgml-base shotwell signon-keyring-extension signon-plugin-oauth2 signon-plugin-password signon-ui signond sni-qt software-center software-center-aptdaemon-plugins sound-theme-freedesktop speech-dispatcher ssh-askpass-gnome syslinux syslinux-common syslinux-legacy telepathy-gabble telepathy-haze telepathy-idle telepathy-indicator telepathy-logger telepathy-mission-control-5 telepathy-salut thin-client-config-agent thunderbird thunderbird-globalmenu thunderbird-gnome-support toshset totem totem-common totem-mozilla totem-plugins ttf-indic-fonts-core ttf-punjabi-fonts ubuntu-artwork ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs ubuntu-mono ubuntu-settings ubuntu-sounds ubuntu-sso-client ubuntu-sso-client-qt ubuntu-system-service ubuntu-wallpapers ubuntu-wallpapers-quantal ubuntuone-client ubuntuone-client-gnome ubuntuone-control-panel ubuntuone-control-panel-qt ubuntuone-couch udisks unity unity-asset-pool unity-common unity-greeter unity-lens-applications unity-lens-files unity-lens-gwibber unity-lens-music unity-lens-photos unity-lens-shopping unity-lens-video unity-scope-gdocs unity-scope-musicstores unity-scope-video-remote unity-services unity-webapps-common unity-webapps-service uno-libs3 update-inetd ure usb-creator-common usb-creator-gtk vino wodim xcursor-themes xdiagnose xfonts-mathml xul-ext-ubufox xul-ext-unity xul-ext-websites-integration yelp yelp-xsl zeitgeist zeitgeist-core zeitgeist-datahub zenity zenity-common && sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop ubuntu-minimal && sudo /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-set-defaults -g lightdm-gtk-greeter

Source -- getting back to pure Ubuntu


Kubuntu 18.04 LTS named Ubuntu in GRUB and tlp-stat

I have Ubuntu 16.04, Kubuntu 16.04, Kubuntu 18.04, and Lubuntu 18.04 all on my machine. GRUB shows them all as Ubuntu. I know which is which by the sdx information (where x is a number) because I kept track of what was being installed and where.

From /boot/grub/grub.cfg:

menuentry 'Ubuntu'
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu'
menuentry 'Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (16.04) (on /dev/sda3)'
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (16.04) (on /dev/sda3)'
menuentry 'Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (16.04) (on /dev/sda5)'
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (16.04) (on /dev/sda5)'

sudo fdisk -l also doesn't reveal the flavor:

$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 1ACBE91E-130E-446E-9740-008010615D1D

Device          Start        End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1        2048    1026047   1024000   500M EFI System
/dev/sda2     1026048    7317503   6291456     3G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda3     7317504  380581887 373264384   178G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda4  1937289216 1953523711  16234496   7.8G Linux swap
/dev/sda5   994983936 1613765185 618781250 295.1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda6   380581888  994981887 614400000   293G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda7  1613766656 1937289215 323522560 154.3G Linux filesystem

Partition table entries are not in disk order.

And neither is sudo parted -l helpful:

$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA TOSHIBA MQ01ABD1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system     Name                  Flags
 1      1049kB  525MB   524MB   fat32           EFI system partition  boot, esp
 2      525MB   3747MB  3221MB  fat32           Basic data partition  msftdata
 3      3747MB  195GB   191GB   ext4
 6      195GB   509GB   315GB   ext4
 5      509GB   826GB   317GB   ext4
 7      826GB   992GB   166GB   ext4
 4      992GB   1000GB  8312MB  linux-swap(v1)

But /var/log/installer/media-info should reveal the flavor you've currently booted into:

Kubuntu 18.04 LTS "Bionic Beaver" - Release amd64 (20180426)

I doubt that entries in GRUB affect the performance of TLP.


How to passthrougha PCI Express (PCIe) USB 3.0 Card to a virtual machine?

usually libvirt will do the detaching right when you start the guest due to the managed attribute used in the hostdev definition.
But if you want/need to debug this detach-from-host phase you can identify the libvirt name of your device via

  $ virsh nodedev-list --tree

Once you know that you can detach it from the host and bind it to vfio to be ready for passthrough, here an example:

$ virsh nodedev-detach pci_0005_01_00_0 --driver vfio

You still have to follow the other constraints of enabling IOMMU/DMAR correctly and to have the to-be-passed device in its own IOMMU group (or pass all devices of the group).

You can add the hostdev to the guest definition and if you are unsure what to add there you can use virsh nodedev-dumpxml to get the IDs necessary.


You might be suffering from several issues that are more related to how the configuration files are set and not how the drivers or version of it were installed.

See the following just to make sure you are not affected but a missing step or configuration file going AWAL:

Nvidia Installagion Guide - How do I install the Nvidia drivers?
Nvidia Debugging/Tunning Guide - How do I install the Nvidia drivers?
Nvidia Newest Drivers Black Screen - Installing latest Nvidia from Xorg PPA gives black screen (This is for Non-Optimus Laptops)
Nvidia Config Settings - nVidia GeForce 8500GT + Old Monitor = Low resolution

Since your answer might apply to one of this. Please test them and see if they solve your issue.


New versions of Dropbox for Linux released after Nov 2018 only support ext4 with xattr enabled, and do not support ecryptfs (Ubuntu's encrypted home folders).

I expect if you use ecryptfs it will continue to work until you update your Dropbox to a newer version with the changes.

The updated Dropbox will work if you stop using ecryptfs or move your Dropbox folder outside of the encrypted directory, though in either of these cases you will need to migrate the files across to the non-encrypted location.

If you require encryption Dropbox will still work on an ext4 partition on top of a block encrypted device, eg using LUKS.

Note that Dropbox is a third party application not provided by Ubuntu itself.


Version `GFORTRAN_1.4` not found OPENBLAS

Guys I found a work around here by using this command .... Seems like the libfortran from the anaconda folder was causing issue so I tried to use my default libfortran which happened to be of correct version ...
LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgfortran.so.3.0.0:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgfortran.so.3 make NO_AFFINITY=1 USE_OPENMP=1
Reference: answer by flying sheep


Get Remote unit name in subordinate charm

The Charmhelpers.core.hookenv package has some functions that can be used to get information about a a relation. Importing the package will give you the possibility to return the Remote unit by using the remote_unit() method. This will return the specific remote Unit for the current relation Hook.

You can use it like this.

from charmhelpers.core.hookenv import remote_unit

@when('myrelation.available')
def write_unit_name():
    f = open('myfile', 'w')
    f.write(remote_unit())
    f.close()
    status_set('active', 'ready')


External hard drive disappears even during file operation

Well I would have said that it looks like a bad usb controller based on those messages, but if you have tested it in multiple controllers that rules that out.  The other two possibilities are the cable, and the enclosure.  Try another cable, and if you can, remove the drive from the usb enclosure, and connect it directly to a sata port.


Add the following line to your APP-NAME.desktop file:

  X-Ubuntu-Supported-Orientations=portrait


Sorry to say but you're affected by a bug that has existed since 2007 so I would stop looking for a solution and buy a camera that is compatible with Linux.


How to remove has_journal feature on primary disk

See here for instructions on booting into recovery mode (I'm not sure how this applies to a VM session):

Press and hold the shift key after the bios has finished to bring up GRUB
Pick the "Advanced options" line
Find the entry for your kernel version that ends in "(recovery mode)"
After a few moments, another menu with some options will appear.  Select "Drop to a root shell prompt"

At this point, you'll have shell access as root and your root partition will be mounted read-only.  This should allow you to clear the journal on this partition.


One needs several steps to get a Brother Scanner; if one uses the install script, it does seem to cover some or all of those steps; Brother provide an FAQ http://support.brother.com/g/s/id/linux/en/faq_scn.html?c=us_ot&lang=en&redirect=on and from that

1) sudo apt install libusb-0.1-4    ..even if networked do this
http://support.brother.com/g/s/id/linux/en/faq_scn.html?c=us_ot&lang=en&redirect=on#f00107

2) http://support.brother.com/g/s/id/linux/en/faq_scn.html?c=us_ot&lang=en&redirect=on#f00101 copy files under /usr/lib64/ to /usr/lib/.As the MFC-J615W is a brscan3,

sudo cp /usr/lib64/libbrscandec3.so.1.0.0 /usr/lib
sudo cp /usr/lib64/sane/libsane-brother3.so.1.0.7 /usr/lib/sane
sudo cp /usr/lib64/sane/libsane-brother3.so.1 /usr/lib/sane
sudo cp /usr/lib64/sane/libsane-brother3.so /usr/lib/sane
sudo cp /usr/lib64/libbrscandec3.so /usr/lib
sudo cp /usr/lib64/libbrscandec3.so.1 /usr/lib

3) for a usb connection, one needs a udev rule; http://support.brother.com/g/s/id/linux/en/instruction_scn1c.html?c=us_ot&lang=en&redirect=on#u13.04 and you download a tiny file brother-udev-rule-type1-1.0.0-1.all.deb

4) for network config, Brother offer this http://support.brother.com/g/s/id/linux/en/instruction_scn1b.html?c=us_ot&lang=en&redirect=on

brsaneconfig3  -a  name=(name  your  device)  model=(model  name)  ip=xx.xx.xx.xx

They suggest to check it worked, do this

brsaneconfig3  -q  |  grep  (name  of  your  device)

Does any of this help?


lubuntu 14.10 does not boot (DVD nor USB)

After analyse your problem I think answer is below

PXE over IP is the option to boot from a network source and is a setting in the BIOS.
Press F2  go into BIOS settings.
In the NIC settings you should be able to turn off PXE boot altogether as this would only be used on corporate networks.
In the boot options you can make the 1st boot device the Flesh-drive or CD/DVD what ever device you like to first boot.
Or else you just press f12 or f10 to boot menu and select the device which device through you want to format(installation of Ubuntu).

*If any problem with this answer please comment me....:)


How to switch to gain root privileges in Nautilus file browser by typing in the addressbar in GUI while it's being used

You may want to use the GVfs admin backend, just add admin:// to the beginning of the full path to your preferred directory.

Open Nautilus the usual way and press Ctrl+L to enable typing in the address-bar, and then enter for example admin:///usr/ to open the /usr/ directory.

Alternatively, launch Terminal and run

nautilus admin:///

to open the / directory or

nautilus admin:///usr/

to open the /usr/ directory etc.


Where does unity-webapps gets installed?

I think that it is just a desktop file. I find the desktop file of gmail in the ~/.local/share/applications. The name is GMailmailgooglecom.desktop.


First boot after installing with DVD - Flashing white underscore

The system almost certainly had grub on it before when you could boot either Ubuntu or Windows.

After repartitioning your disk you need to still use a boot loader like grub to start up the Ubuntu Linux kernel. There should be a checkmark for it in the install (if I recall correctly) and you should be able to confirm that it will be installed on the final install confirmation screen.

I'd suggest that you reinstall and make sure that you are asking for grub to be installed. It will add software to your new Ubuntu system, add the boot loader to the beginning of your disk.


Why python3-pip installs python3.6 as a dependency?

Ubuntu major releases pin the "major" versions of their packages to what was new at the time of release in order to provide a stable platform.  For instance, it would be bad if a Python program written on 18.04.0 suddenly stopped working in 18.04.5 because Python was bumped from 3.6 to 3.8.
If you cannot use the official Python images, need Python 3.8, and cannot use Focal/20.04 (which ships with Python 3.8), the deadsnakes PPA is really your only option.  You don't need the apt-add-repository command as you can just add the source directly and add the GPG manually.  If you click on the "Technical details about this PPA" link on the PPA homepage, it gives you the relevant sources.list/sources.list.d entry as well as the GPG key ID you need to add the repo.


Unallocated space, how to resize /home partition?

First, make sure that:

All your documents and other important (i.e., hard to replace) files from all your partitions are backed up. Moving and resizing partitions dynamically carries with it a small risk of data loss (for example, if there is a power failure, if one of your filesystems is broken in a way GParted does not know how to detect, or if there is a bug in GParted), plus you could make a mistake and accidentally wipe something out.
You are running from a live CD/DVD or USB flash drive, rather than running GParted out of the installed Ubuntu system. It is unsafe (and would almost certainly not succeed) to dynamically move and resize partitions on the same physical disk as the OS you use to do it.

Provided that this is taken care of, you have to perform four operations. It may take some time for GParted to perform them.

Move /dev/sda3 (the remaining NTFS partition) all the way to the left. This moves the unallocated space to be between /dev/sda3 and /dev/sda4.
Move /dev/sda4 (the extended partition, which contains your other partitions) all the way to the left (it will be flush against /dev/sda3). This moves the unallocated space to be after /dev/sda4, at the end of the disk.
Expand /dev/sda4 to the right, so it takes up all the available space (i.e., expand it to the maximum allowed size). This eliminates the unallocated space, but creates space inside the extended partition that no logical partition is using.
Inside the extended partition (i.e., inside /dev/sda4), expand the logical partition /dev/sda7 (I assume that's your /home partition) to fill up all the available space on the right inside the extended partition. That is, expand /dev/sda7 to be as large as is allowed.

After you tell GParted you want those operations to be done, you have to tell it to apply them (click the green check mark). It may take a while, but it should work without problems.

Now no space is unallocated and the size of /dev/sda7 (your /home partition) is increased by (almost exactly) the size taken up by the unallocated space when you started.

By the way, if you decide you want to decrease the size of the remaining NTFS partition (/dev/sda3) to make more space for your installed Ubuntu system's /home partition, you can shrink /dev/sda3 (i.e., make it smaller on the right) between steps 1 and 2 above, or before step 1.

These changes shouldn't break the GRUB2 boot loader, and you should just be able to boot into your Ubuntu system afterwards. (Make sure to quit GParted and cleanly shut down / restart out of the live CD/DVD or live USB system.) However, in case there is a problem booting, you should be prepared to reinstall the GRUB2 boot loader to the Master Boot Record, to fix it. Fortunately, the same live CD/DVD or live USB system you use to run GParted can be used to reinstall GRUB2. See these methods. (You probably won't need to do this, though.)


What's the use of parentheses `()` in shell function definition?

Without the (), the syntax really would be ambiguous.
There has to be some unambiguous syntax for defining a function, and without substantially altering other shell syntax, it cannot be this:
do_something {
    # one or more commands go here
}

You said this "does not confict with its current syntax," but it does! Notice that you do not get any kind of syntax error when you try to run the first line of that. You get an error, but it is not an error about syntax. The second line, with }, is a syntax error, but the first line is not. Instead, do_something { attempts to run a command called do_something and pass { as an argument to that command:
$ do_something {
do_something: command not found

If there is already a command called do_something, you are running it. If there is already a function called do_something, you are calling it. It's important in general that syntax be unambiguous, but it is also important specifically that it be possible to redefine a function without accidentally calling it instead. Defining a function and calling it should not look the same.
How the shell treats { and (.
As type { will tell you, { is a shell keyword. This makes it like [[. If used in a situation where it would otherwise be a command, { carries special semantics. Specifically, it performs command grouping. In other situations, however, it may be used unescaped to denote a literal { character. This includes the situation of passing it as a second or subsequent word of a command.
Of course, Bash could have been designed to treat { differently than it currently does. However, its syntax would then no longer have been compatible with the POSIX shell, and Bash would not really be a Bourne-style shell and would not be capable of running many shell scripts.
In contrast, ( is a shell metacharacter. It is always treated specially if it appears in a command and is not quoted (with ' ', " ", or \). There is thus no ambiguity in the syntax:
do_something() {
    # one or more commands go here
}

That couldn't mean anything else. If Bash didn't have functions, then it would be a syntax error, for the same reason echo foo(bar) is a syntax error.
If you really dislike the () notation then you can use the keyword function and omit it, as sudodus mentions. Note that this is not part of the syntax for defining functions in most other Bourne-style shells--and in some, it is supported but functions defined that way have different semantics--and so a script that uses it will not be portable. (The reason this syntax is able to be unambiguous is that function is itself a keyword in Bash that signifies that whatever follows it is the start of a function definition.)
Finally, note that while most function definitions use { in practice, any compound command is permitted. If you had a function whose body you wanted always to run in a subshell, you could use ( ) rather than { }.


How to combine two commands as a launcher?

sh -c "command 1 ; command 2"

did the job for me, directly as a launcher:
just create a file and save it as  program.desktop, then allow execution as a program (right click -> properties-> permissions -> allow executing as program)

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=ProgramName
Comment=This is my comment
Exec=sh -c "command 1 ; command 2"
Icon=/home/alex/Pictures/icon.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Application;


How to I prevent the screen from locking when I want a virtual machine to ungrab my mouse?

the issue is the description is a bit misleading (for me as well) ..
ctrl_L .. doesnt mean ctrl+l but the left! ctrl button

so you just have to press ctrl + alt (without any other char) on the left side of the keybord


Small doubts partitions in Ubuntu, please help

What? Does your W7 have a /home partition that you want to keep? As a general advice, delete the partitions you don't need, and keep those you do.
With 8GB of RAM, you most probably don't need a swap partition, unless you plan on using VMs a lot. Anyway, swap can be less then RAM.


Low disk space warning I have 1.4 TB on /media! directory!

The problem is that your /, the root of the filesystem, is at 100%. The extra space you have on other partitions, such as /media, isn't relevant here. The system is installed on / and that's the one that needs more space.

Since you do have loads of space on /media, the easiest solution is to find things in your $HOME that are taking a lot of space and move those to /media. For example, if you have video, music or image files, perhaps in the directories $HOME/Videos, $HOME/Music and $HOME/Pictures, move them to /media/mfani/72f334b0-29a3-4f81-a52f-ed30de1ca5a01 and then create symlinks in your $HOME pointing to their new locations:

cd $HOME
for dir in Videos Music Pictures; do
    mv "$dir" /media/mfani/72f334b0-29a3-4f81-a52f-ed30de1ca5a01/
    ln -s /media/mfani/72f334b0-29a3-4f81-a52f-ed30de1ca5a01/"$dir" .
done

You will now have symlinks in your $HOME which will take up no space but which you can use to access your files as though they hadn't been moved.


Renamed Virtual Machine, now cannot start it. (Virtual Box)

Welcome to Askubuntu!
I'm looking at your error:

VBoxManage.exe: error: could not find a registered machine named
'Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

It says, clearly that it cannot find a registered machine
(...)
So, Have you tried: VBoxManage registervm your_virtual_machine.vbox
?
Edit:
Okay, the path is:
D:\VirtualBox VMs\ Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

You can try; (Because; If my understanding is correct about your current problem; you cannot start it? So; If you're okay with this: rename   Ubuntu 20.04 LTS to a name without spaces, so;
& add .vbox at the end of it
(I assume?)

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS → Ubuntu_20.04_LTS.vbox
VBoxManage registervm D:\VirtualBox VMs\Ubuntu_20.04_LTS.vbox

1 Thing I noticed:  you don't have the .vbox included in the path?

Could probably be the formatting (syntax error)
or
The .vbox extension missing, maybe?

//Best of luck


How can I create automated keyboard scripts?

Sounds like something AutoKey would be good for.

From the Ubuntu Software Center:

  AutoKey is a desktop automation
  utility for Linux and X11. It allows
  the automation of virtually any task
  by responding to typed abbreviations
  and hotkeys. It offers a full-featured
  GUI that makes it highly accessible
  for novices, as well as a scripting
  interface offering the full
  flexibility and power of the Python
  language.

It can be installed by clicking here.


Grub2 won't appear after installing Ubuntu 16.10 alongside windows 10

I actually managed to get it working. I had to run the windows command prompt and had to set the efi boot manager path to grub. Grub2 worked perfectly fine afterwards. It was such a headache trying to find a solution to this problem but the reward was worth the effort. If you need detailed instructions, let me know and I'll post a link to where a sourced the solution.


How can I save my data in my HDD from a Ubuntu Flash Disk?

my hard disk had around 500GB memory, not 1800GB

I am not sure where you got those numbers from, but the size of your hard drive is 750 GB.

  what can I do to save at least the most important data (~200MB)?

You probably just need to recover the partition table. Most likely, the file system is not corrupted and you only have to tell the system how to find it.

However, it might also be that the file system is corrupted. I will discuss both alternatives.

  Can I solve this by resizing the partitions?

No, absolutely not. Do not attempt to mess up the partitions before restoring the data.

If The File System is Fine

While your question is about NTFS and this one was about exFAT, my answer still applies. I've adapted the instructions to your specific scenario.

The point is to connect an external hard drive where you will copy your files. Install TestDisk and run it on the device:

sudo apt install testdisk
sudo testdisk /dev/sda

If you cannot install it, open the Software & Updates program and verify that all repositories are activated. Some of them may not be by default.

As I wrote in this answer on the Unix & Linux Stack Exchange website:

  The essential steps are:

  scanning the drive
  selecting the partition
  pressing P to show the files
  copying the files with C

If pressing P results in an error message, then the file system is corrupted.

If The File System is Corrupted

  Disclaimer: I am the developer of RecuperaBit.

If the file system is corrupted you need to use a program able to perform forensic file system reconstruction. I actually wrote one for NTFS which is called RecuperaBit.

Briefly, the steps would be:

clone the drive (/dev/sda) to an image file (optional, but highly recommended)
run RecuperaBit either on the drive (/dev/sda) or on the bitstream copy
type recoverable at the RecuperaBit prompt
recover all files with the following commands (replace [X] with the partition number found in the previous step):

restore [X] 5
restore [X] -1

I provided detailed guidance with an example in this answer.


Previous similar questions seems to be quite old for this new release. Nevertheless you should consider to take a look at the answers to this question: My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it? of which I suggest you to give a chance to this specific answer which made my day when I faced something similar in the past in 12.04.1 LTS no matter if you have or not an nvidia/ati gpu.
Additionally, you may wish to have a look on this website: X/Troubleshooting/BlankScreen/Wiki in which you may find a solution for several sceneries which includes but not limits to Problem: System is Completely Unresponsive, with Blank/Black Screen
Please inform how are you managing this issue in order to follow up your question.
Good luck!


which pymol from command line will show the binairy.


How do I extract lines starting with `Subject:` from a large number of files?

What's wrong with:

find ./ -type f -exec grep "Subject:" {} \; >/tmp/output.txt


As steeldriver's comment says, you can check the package listing to find the file. This can also be done using the Package Index (https://packages.ubuntu.com). For example:

16.04 (xenial) has the file at /usr/lib/openvpn/openvpn-plugin-auth-pam.so, but
18.04 (bionic) has the file at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openvpn/plugins/openvpn-plugin-auth-pam.so (for amd64/x86-64).


So according to your post, nobody can tell you, on which device the partitions are located.

It looks like your system is using one partition for both system and home directory, so the only interesting line is

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1       219G   29G  180G  14% /

So the size of this partition is 219G, 29G are used, and 180G are available.


Installing Ubuntu 32bit 12.04.3 on Older HP ZD7000 Laptop - No Icons, No Kbd Action

You shouldn't get a newer machine if Windows 7 worked fine on your machine before you installed Ubuntu. But, what version of Windows 7 was the laptop running? 32-bit or 64-bit? If it was 64-bit I would recomend using the 64-bit version of Ubuntu to see if that helps, and if it doesn't, then I would recommend purchasing a newer machine.


If you have a recurring error. you should probably check the "Don't send reports of this type" check box on the dialog.  It will stop showing the message and will stop sending duplicate errors to them.

However, if it is one that does not give that option, you can disable it in apport entirely with these commands:

$ sudo gedit /etc/default/apport
$ sudo restart apport

If you don't want to completely disable apport, they also point out you may be able to delete a crash file that is hanging around and causing the recurring problem with the following line:

sudo rm /var/crash/*


HP PSC-2100 can't seem to get xsane and HPLIP (printing working)

Ok. I've performed the following and my printer is working again, although I can't scan at present.

sudo apt-get autoremove xsane
sudo apt-get autoremove libsane-extras

I am will reinstall hplip-3.12.2.run  (HPLIP) and see if I can try this again !

thanks for all your support


Different responses when telnetting into mysql's port via hostname

It is not a problem with your firewall, it is an issue of mysql.

Edit /etc/mysql/my.cnf , change the bind-address

  bind-address     = 127.0.0.1

To your local ipaddress

bind-address     = your_ip_address

Restart the mysql or reboot.


Unfortunately, you cannot use QtCurve with Openbox.

Openbox uses a totally different theme format from Kwin. If you want matching Window borders, you would need to use another window manager, such as Kwin.

You need KDE's System Settings and Kwin in order to use QtCurve as the Window border theme.


You might try uninstalling your current ndiswrapper-dkms 1.59 and installing this:

http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/n/ndiswrapper/ndiswrapper-dkms_1.60-3~ubuntu16.04.1_all.deb

I was hoping to find one specific to 16.04.2, but this was the latest I could find.

ndiswrapper is very flaky anyway, and unless your really really need it, I'd just uninstall it.


Launching firefox through putty, and open it up in LXDE desktop

To archieve what you want, you need to enable X11 forwarding when connecting to the remote server.

In addition, to display Firefox (X11 Client), you need a X11 Server running on your LXDE desktop (which is already the case, OS X has X Server, too. Windows may need XMing X Server).

To enable X11 Forwarding, you don't have to use PuTTY, in any Terminal emulator session:

ssh -X user@remote_server

  NOTE: ssh -X will automatically set DISPLAY to => localhost:10.0. BTW: Use -Y to enable trusted X11 forwarding temporarily.

Once connected, type firefox and you'll be able to see the GUI on your LXDE desktop.

If you really want to use PuTTY anyway, in putty configuration -> SSH -> X11, check Enable X11 Forwarding.


You need to save your ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file for the user your other servers use to login, and copy that on your new VPS. That way your SSH keys will still be valid, and the other servers will be able to login.

However, with a new install you will also get a new SSH fingerprint, and the hosts will very likely refuse to log into your new VPS.

To remedy that you can either add -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no to your SSH command (or via ~/.ssh/config) on each and every host - which I don't recommend.

Or stop your servers from panicking about the new fingerprint, you can just re-create it:

The server credentials, that make up the "fingerprint" for SSH are actually just keypairs defined in your /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

Copy these files to your new VPS (with their .pub variants),  make sure the paths in sshd_config point to them and the permissions (600 and 644for the .pubs)  are correct, reload sshd on your new VPS, and you'll have essentially "cloned" your SSH setup.


MD5 checksum cross-platform compatibility

No , the md5 sum will be the same on all OS.

See also:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM


Why is my system becoming gradually slower and how should I fix it?

Have you thought the possibility of malware running on your pc, or a stray service or daemon being a cpu cycle resource hog? Have you tried using top for the above reason?

Apart from that how much memory does your system have, and what is your cpu? Maybe your hardware may not be fully capable of supporting the os as it is. Consider using free -m and include the output in your question.

Also, even if you perform a clean install of the OS, it tends to get somehow bloated for the average user. Consider removing packages you don't think you will use. To view what packages are installed in your computer, use dpkg -l, and remove unnecessary packages with sudo apt-get remove <package_name>


how to install Ubuntu on the Asus Fonepad me371mg?

Not yet. Your best bet are the Nexus devices. Right now, as per https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/Install "The Ubuntu Touch Developer Preview is intended to be used for development and evaluation purposes only. It is an experimental development snapshot that can potentially brick your device. It does not provide all of the features and services of a retail phone and cannot replace your current handset..."


i can not write the letters "f and g" using keyboard

Does it say En, instead of Da here?

If not, you need to click on it and change keyboard to English (US). Check online to see if Bengali is compatible on US English keyboards.


Ok, looks like I got it solved. According to this article http://xmodulo.com/2012/12/how-to-us...u-desktop.html, dnsmasq conflicts with custom DNS settings so you have to disable dnsmasq first then add in the custom DNS servers to network manager. Once I disabled dnsmasq it restored my internet access.


Is development of Ubuntu phone on other platforms possible?

Ubuntu can be installed in a virtual machine on other platforms already. Since Ubuntu is free, this is the easiest path to get into Ubuntu development if you can't switch platform.

Failing this, Ubuntu will always be free, so any developer tools released as part of Ubuntu can always be ported to other platforms by developers if they wish.

But let's be realistic: who's going to bother to do it, and with what motivation? Nothing is stopping anyone, but I can't see it happening.


mongod process restarting frequently - version 3.2.9

Use sudo service mongodb start to start the service. It will start the MongoDB service from the relevant user. It won't occur any errors once you do that.


I have successfully established a "Wifi Direct" connection to a HP printer in Ubuntu 18.04 following these instructions.

The idea is to have both devices (computer and printer) connected to the same wifi network - namely the one you normally use to access internet on your computer.

(The printer will also show as a wifi network in the computer's list of wifi networks, but you don't need that here.)

After that, go to Printers section, Add, select “Network Printer”, than select "Find Network Printer" and just wait a bit until your printer appears under there.

Then select "Forward".

You will be asked to give it a name etc.

(With my printer I was not asked to enter a PIN in Linux, but this happened in Windows. At that point the printer displayed a PIN number, which then needs to be entered during setting/adding of the printer.)

When the process is successful, the "Wifi Direct" printer appears in the list of printers as a different printer beside the USB connected one.


Unable to create lock file when starting mongod via upstart

You need to have the permissions on that folder (and everything under it) such that the mongodb user can write to it.  The reason it is working with sudo is because the root user has those permissions regardless of the owner/group.  In fact, that may be the root cause here - when you run the mongod process with sudo it will create the files with root:root ownership which the normal mongodb user cannot access.

The user:group for MongoDB on Ubuntu is usually mongodb:mongodb, hence just do the following:

cd /tmp/arb
sudo chown -R mongodb:mongodb .

Since you are running an arbiter here I would also recommend the following options in your config file (note: not for use on a regular data bearing node - arbiter only):

nojournal=true
noprealloc = true
oplogsize = 1
smallfiles=true

These settings will minimize the footprint of the arbiter on the host.


What about the performance enhancement when using an SSD as the main disk?

I think that access times, rather than transfer rates, are the more useful feature of SSD's.

That's certainly one massive improvement. Yes, the random-access time on my current and past SSDs have both been around 0.2ms. I upgraded from a fast mechanical disk (WD Raptor) and the boot-up on the SSD just blew me away. It does so much, so fast.

Of course ureadahead and other tools aim to make the boot-up as linear as possible (they essentially write a whole load of files that are needed at boot into one sequential block) but that's where the SSD's second benefit comes in: huge maximum-throughput speeds.

The sustainable transfer speed of my first SSD (OCZ Agility) was around 200MB/s. My new SSD (OCZ Revodrive - a PCI-E card) tops out at around 540MB/s. The Revodrive X2 reaches somewhere around 750MB/s. There are solutions that scrape 2GB/s but they're prohibitively expensive for most people.

Like your plans, I started with my entire home being bind-mounted onto a RAID array on mechanical disks. This was good and is technically much more secure but it does limit the ability for the computer to really fly.

Browsers and other database heavy applications (feed readers, email apps, etc) need fast access to the disk to work well. You might want to weigh up how valuable your data really is, and if some of it can perhaps stay on the SSD and survive with the occasional backup.

Keeping various often-accessed files (like the Firefox database or gnome settings) on multiple mechanical disks is also pretty noisy. I have quiet, fairly slow disks and even I find it annoying when loading something causes 4 disks to start clunking away (I have 4-way RAID5). Perhaps this is something that you learn to appreciate after living with a silent SSD for a while.

These days the only things that are on the RAID are users' documents. That is ~/Documents, ~/Music, ~/Photos, ~/Vidoes and (for disk space reasons more than anything) ~/.wine. Everything else either gets an occasional backup (Firefox/F-Spot/etc SQLite3 databases once a day). I try to run a monthly proper ~/ backup (excluding the stuff that is on RAID) once a month, but I'm yet to cron it.

This is a good compromise for me. I get a lightning fast computer and all my really important data is quite safe and all my semi-important data gets backed up regularly.


How to sideload my own/snapcraft example app?

Note that as you probably haven't signed your snap you will probably have to run:

sudo snap install /path_to_yoursnap/snapname.snap

after the scp

You can also try a snappy-remote install, which should look like this:

snappy-remote --url=ssh://ubuntu@webdm.local/ install snapname.snap


Why does my CPU only primarily use one core?

4 × 0.25 is the same as 1.

It looks like a single-threaded task is scheduled to run on multiple CPUs in a round-robin manner, which is what Windows does to distribute computational and therefore electrical and thermal load between different chip areas to improve heat dissipation. This has nothing to do with multi-threading and is just an artefact of the different scheduling strategies of Windows and Linux.


How to remove Wubi, without causing boot issues?

Just go to Control Panel>>Add/Remove software and remove from there. It uninstalls like any application that you install in Windows. See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide

In the event that you have a boot problem, Boot-repair can usually sort it out.
See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


Broadcom open source drivers available in Maverick?

They weren't included in Maverick proper due to the timing of release.  As Jeremy stated, they're being considered for inclusion as part of upstream compat-wireless, and they have not yet landed in compat-wireless (they're only in staging currently), hence they have not landed in linux-backports-modules-2.6.35 yet.  (You can track the Ubuntu Maverick git tree.)

So, the short answer is that as of today they're unavailable, so you can't easily apt-get install them from an official Ubuntu Maverick repository.  Please be patient.  (Alternately, you could compile the drivers in staging manually, but that's beyond the scope of this question.)


How to filter data with the highest number

Using awk, as implied by your tags:

$ awk -F_ '
    {m[$1] = $2 > m[$1] ? $2 : m[$1]}
    END {OFS = FS; for(x in m) print x, m[x]}
  ' file | sort
abc_4
def_3
ghi_2

If you have GNU awk > 4.0 you can do the sorting internally

$ awk -F_ '
    {m[$1] = $2 > m[$1] ? $2 : m[$1]}
    END {
      OFS = FS; PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_str_asc";
      for(x in m) print x, m[x]
    }
  ' file
abc_4
def_3
ghi_2

Alternatively, if you have Miller you can do a groupwise max using the stat1 verb:

$ mlr --nidx --fs _ stats1 -a max -f 2 -g 1 file
abc_4
def_3
ghi_2

or with GNU datamash

$ datamash -t_ groupby 1 max 2 < file
abc_4
def_3
ghi_2

or for your specific input, assuming that the prefix strings are fixed length, using standard utilities sort and uniq:

$ sort -t_ -k1,1 -k2,2nr file | uniq -w4
abc_4
def_3
ghi_2


You may want to use a GNOME shell extension called "Dash to Panel". It's

  An icon taskbar for the Gnome Shell. This extension moves the dash into the gnome main panel so that the application launchers and system tray are combined into a single panel, similar to that found in KDE Plasma and Windows 7+. A separate dock is no longer needed for easy access to running and favorited applications.

You can also set the position of the panel to top or bottom from the extension's preferences window as shown in this screenshot:

(screenshot source: this Web Upd8 article)


How do I find out if my system is using Mir?

You can also simply check if the system compositor process is running:
 ps afx | grep unity-system-compositor

On my system running Mir it returns something like this:
jorge@jillociraptor:~$ ps afx | grep unity-system-compositor
 4260 pts/0    S+     0:00          |   |               \_ grep --color=auto unity-system-compositor
 1606 ?        S      0:00 /usr/sbin/unity-system-compositor --from-dm-fd 9 --to-dm-fd 13 --vt 7

Machines NOT running Mir will not show unity-system-compositor running.
Reference:

Running Mir - Olli Reis


How can I install the Ubuntu 11.10 "greybird" theme on Ubuntu 10.04?

The Graybird theme is available for download from Softpedia.

http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Desktop-Environment/Themes/greybird-shiki-75965.shtml

To install, extract the archive, and copy its content to /usr/share/themes/.


Well, this is an interesting set of questions :)

First, there is no way to take a standard app and spread it across many machines to make it faster. You do have some apps which are designed to be spread across several machines, and those can be used very easily with MAAS and Juju to coordinate the deployment and operations of the distributed system. But you can't take your standard database and spread it across multiple machines magically, it needs to be a database that was designed for that kind of operation.

MAAS is the piece that will turn on servers, install the OS (Ubuntu, CentOS or Windows) and then give the machine back to you. Your configuration management tools (e.g. Chef) or model-driven operations tools (Juju) will then take the brand-new fresh OS and add all the applications and configuration you want.


My Sennheiser HD 350BT can't connect to Ubuntu PC

I have this exact headset and this is the process I followed to connect. First, be certain that the headset is fully charged. I usually charge mine overnight every night.
Next, in settings, turn on bluetooth. Now, on the headphones, press and hold the ‘connect’ button for three seconds. The blue LED should flash several times indicating that the power is on and, a few moments later, that is it connected. You will see confirmation in Settings > Bluetooth:

HD350BT     Connected

Finally, under Settings, select Sound. Under Output Device use the drop-down menu, select Headphone-HD350BT. Put the headphones on and test.
You should be all set.


The solution to my problem was found by user oldfred, from the Ubuntu forums.

Can't get rid of «Default Boot Device Missing» message on boot

From the output of sudo efibootmgr -v
he deduced that:

  It looks like your default UEFI boot entry 0001 is fwupx64.efi which is the grub menu entry to get into UEFI.
  If you have secure boot on, you want to boot shimx64.efi which is 0002 but shown as unknown device.

On his advice I went back into UEFI and set "trust" and a label on the shimx64.efi file.

Et voilà!


Will Ubuntu auto-update to the next version?

Although your Ubuntu system will not automatically upgrade itself to the next release of Ubuntu, the Software Updater will automatically offer you the opportunity to do so, and it will also automate the process of upgrading to the next release.

There is potential for confusion here because there are two things someone might mean when they say the release upgrade is automatic. One possible meaning is that it will happen even with no action from the user, which is not the case. Regardless of the user's configuration, no Ubuntu release will start an upgrade to a later release without the user's action.

However, Ubuntu will automatically tell you when a new release is available and as you if you want to upgrade to it. Even if you say no, you will still be able to go into the Software Updater and start the upgrade to the newer release.

This is different from security and stability updates within a release. You should almost always install those immediately when they become available, and you can configure Ubuntu so that this can be done behind the scenes without even prompting you. In contrast, unless you write a script yourself for this--which I strongly recommend against--you will never sit down at your computer to discover that you are, all of a sudden, running a different release of Ubuntu than you expected.

Although some users prefer to reinstall from scratch for each release, you don't have to do this. Only if you want to do that will you need to download the ISO image for the next Ubuntu release. The Software Updater does not need this ISO image to perform a release upgrade. It will download everything you need automatically after you tell it that you do want to perform the release upgrade.

Now, with all that said:

You might want to have an ISO image for the release of Ubuntu you are running or plan to upgrade to on hand, because you can use it as a live environment in which to run Ubuntu. This has two advantages: it should help you test if that release will be able to use your hardware successfully without any additional configuration, and you can use it if you ever need to run that release of Ubuntu but you don't have a computer with it installed and working. Note that these advantages apply regardless of how you upgrade, because they are separate from upgrading.

You might want to install an LTS release, currently 16.04 LTS, instead of a non-LTS release like 17.10. LTS releases are supported longer--LTS stands for "Long Term Support"--and they are almost always more stable than non-LTS releases. When you have an LTS release, you can still upgrade to a non-LTS release if you so choose, or you can skip them and (eventually) upgrade to the next non-LTS release.

The disadvantage of using an LTS release when there is already a newer non-LTS release is that the LTS release doesn't have the newest software and features. But that is, well, also the advantage of LTS: the software you use is more tested and established. Most users will probably prefer to stick with LTS releases, but even non-LTS releases are heavily tested and you should definitely feel free to use them.

See What's the difference between a Long Term Support Release and a Normal Release? for details.

You may also be interested in what it is like to upgrade from one Ubuntu release to another. For that, I recommend you take a look at this official walkthrough. We also have How do I upgrade to a newer version of Ubuntu?, which is useful but might make upgrading seem more complicated than it usually is because the goal of its answers is to cover most of what one might ever have to consider or fix.


error while loading shared libraries libSDL-1.2.so.0

This worked for me:

sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2debian:i386


I think this is a Wayland related issue. You can log in to an "Ubuntu on Xorg" session instead of just "Ubuntu".

Reported as bug #1727716.


Is there a way to run a script on gimp startup?

Depending on what you want to do you could simply edit the gimp.desktop file in
 /usr/share/applications.
Just look up the Exec=gimp-2.8 %U value and change it to something like
Exec=gimp-2.8 | python /path/to/your/script.py.

Or you can put your script in one of the gimp plugins folders at /usr/share/gimp/2.0/plug-ins or ~/.gimp-2.8/plug-ins
 (obviously using replacing these version numbers with the appropriate ones for you).

This is probably the better way to go if you want to do gimp stuff with your script because it will be loaded properly when gimp starts.