Ubuntu 12.04 on MBPro, Early 2011, options

Please see this document

I currently run Ubuntu on my MBP. It works quite well. First I resided the OS X partition to as small as I could using Disk Utility. This took a very long time. Then I installed refit. Then booted and installed Ubuntu 12.04. I used the free space on the drive to put the Linux partition.

A few tips.

Use BIOS mode, or it won't work.
Don't completely remove OS X. Your going to need it. (EFI updates etc.)
Flush your NVRAM and PMU after you install Linux. Linux doesn't use it and it helps clear some settings OS X sets that can cause issues (like keyboard light levels).


VLC from menu or double-click starts in background, terminates

Try killing the already runnig vlc process (with no window displayed). Then try clicking the icon again.
https://askubuntu.com/a/1276503/1128608


The application desktop file (/usr/share/applications/org.kde.kcharselect.desktop) define the Icon as accessories-character-map.
So you can find such icons on the local filesystem using dpkg -S accessories-character-map.{svg,png} to determine theme names with this icon.
The most reliable way is to use default icon set named Breeze or Oxygen.
Other way is to get icon from the source code repository:

64x64
128x128

and place one of them in ~/.local/share/icons/.


Ubuntu 14.04 LTS MAAS boot fails on fresh install on a Dell 2950

Yes. Grub supports EXT4 filesystems in 14.04.

What's the partitioning scheme on the virtual disk from this install versus what Debian installed?  Are you letting the installer handle the partitioning?  If so, what does it look like?

Ideally, you want to boot this machine in EFI mode if it's capable of doing that, but, I don't think that the 2950's support EFI.  If you have to stick with BIOS mode, pay attention to how the disk is partitioned, as you may need to do some manual partitioning work to get the system to boot.  Here's some other info that might help:

http://en.community.dell.com/techcenter/extras/w/wiki/2837.hdd-support-for-2-5tb-3tb-drives-and-beyond.aspx

http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/bios.html


Select text and send it to google search and google translate from shortcut

I will try to explain it...
the command sh -c 'firefox "https://www.google.com/search?q=$(xclip -o)"' will open firefox in www.google.com searching the words you have selected with your mouse.
To use it , you should install "xclip"

Go to the terminal and type sudo apt-get install xclip
Then you can create a script with the command, create a "new document" and named as "search-google.sh"
Open the file with gedit and put these lines:

Save the file in your home eg: /home/user/search-google.sh
Then change the permissions to make the script executable in the terminal type: chmod 764 /home/user/search-google.sh
Then you can create a custom keyboard shortcut to execute the script.
Go to System Settings > Keyboard > shortcuts > Custom Shorcuts

Add a new item and fill the fields Name:search-google and Command:sh/home/user/google-search.sh

Then give a keyboard shorcut to the script...click in "Disabled" and press the keys to the shortcut. eg: Ctrl+Alt+G

So, if you are in a web page or any document and you select or (text highlighted) a word or phrase... then press the keys for the shortcut eg: Ctrl+Alt+G and Firefox will open searching in google for the text you have highlighted o selected.

On the other hand I think the user55822 tried to say was the Arthaapplication works like this command.. the difference is by default if you have a text selected with Ctrl+Alt+W Artha will serch for that text but "offline" (As far as I know.)
But you can use both, if you need to search in Artha select the text and press the shorcut keys Ctrl+Alt+W, but if you want to look in google "online" you can use the script with the shorcut Ctrl+Alt+G.

All the credit for the command is for user55822

Hope will be useful.

Edit: The above instructions on setting the shortcut are for Ubuntu (proper).
To set the shortcut for that script (or for any script like that) in Xubuntu, see the answers to this question. To set the shortcut in Lubuntu (which does not have a GUI for that purpose):

Paste in Terminal:

sudo gedit ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml

There are a lot of groups of lines that set the keybinds and look like so:

<keybind key="C-A-t">
      <action name="Execute">
        <command>x-terminal-emulator</command>
      </action>
    </keybind>

To add a keybind for the google search script, insert this at the end of one of those groups:

<keybind key="C-A-g">
      <action name="Execute">
        <command>sh ~/search-google.sh</command>
      </action>
    </keybind>


Typing freezes in Chromium omnibox and enigmatic letter "a" in bar since Ubuntu 14.04

The problem is solved here: Unable to type anything on Chromium by DK Bose:

Go to Preferences > Language Support and change Keyboard input method system from ibus to none. Then log out and log in again.

After changing ibus to none in Keyboard input methods Chromium works great.


The screenshot you've shown has numerous mistakes that don't match an actual layout, including an extra Escape key, misplaced Backspace, etc. Either you have loaded a custom layout unknowingly, or something is very wrong with your default English (US) layout. I recommend filing a bug report with Ubuntu, because what you are seeing should not be possible without very explicit (and misguided) customization.

PS: The L-shaped enter key is not important. Keyboard layouts only care very slightly about the shape and width of specific keys.


How to permit only certain users to access and use virtualbox?

Perhaps there is a way to do achieve what you want with AppArmor
Since i cant find an easy way to do it, id say that you can 'play' with files permissions.

Create a group or simply use the built-in vboxusers
Change ownership of virtualbox files and launcher(s)
Change perms of virtualbox files
Add you permitted user(s) to the group created in (1)

``

# 1 # Create a group
sudo addgroup vboxpermitted
# add current user to the new group
useradd -g vboxpermitted $USER

# 2 # Change ownership
sudo chown -R root:vboxpermitted /usr/lib/virtualbox/*
sudo chown root:voxpermitted /usr/share/applications/virtualbox.desktop

# 3 # Customize execute rights (not for all, but for group)
find /usr/lib/virtualbox/ -type f -exec sudo chmod a-x {} \;
chmod 640 /usr/share/applications/virtualbox.desktop

# 4 # Add permitted user(s) to new group
adduser -g vboxpermitted <username>


Yes, that could be the problem.
BURG overwrite your GRUB configuration in MBR and so you MUST repair it to make it work again.

You should repair your grub following this guide (also if you didn't install Windows) and then everything will be fine.


Firefox Keeps Crashing usually with Flash / Youtube

Agreed with above. Its also affecting Chrome, Safari & even Opera. Roll your flash plugin back to an earlier version.


The original answer is on superuser forum. The next command resolved my issue.

systemctl reboot --firmware-setup


cannot switch workspaces in unity desktop

Solved. The problem was, that by default is switching desktops vertically realized by Ctrl+Alt+PgDn/PgUp and not by Ctrl+Alt+Down/Up arrows. It can be easily changed in keyboard shortcuts settings.


Is the HDD spinning when it is unmounted?

Most modern HDDs will spin down after sometime of inactivity, regardless of them being mounted or unmounted. Reducing that time will reduce power consumption, but mounting in this case seems to be irrelevant.


Is it possible to disable USB port with known physical location?

Yes, this can be done with just a couple of commands in the terminal:

Disable the USB port:
echo disabled | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/devices/usb2/power/wakeup

Remove power from the port:
echo suspend | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/devices/usb2/power/level

In the event this doesn’t work, a udev rule may be necessary:

Create a new file in /lib/udev/rules.d using a text editor of your choice. For example:
sudo vi /lib/udev/rules.d/20-block-webcam.rules

Revoke authorization for the webcam to be accessed:
# Chicony Webcam
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="04f2", ATTRS{idProduct}=="b330", ATTR{authorized}="0"

Looks like the output of lsusb did matter
Reboot


Evolution - exchange-connector, Rackspace global catalog server

The Global Catalog Server name can be found in your outlook Names

Steps below

Open a new email message in Outlook.

then

Click on the "To:" button to get the
"Select Names" dialog

then

Put "Show Names from the" to "Global
Address List".

finally

Right-click on the "Global Address
List" to get "Properties"

This opens a dialog with the name of the Global Address List server and the path. You just need the server name and plug this into Evolution.

You can always change your email application to Thunderbird instead if it is more compatible with an Exchange server setup.

Hope this helps.


Are there any security problems to running an http server using Python's built in module?

Looking at the source of /usr/lib/python3.3/http/server.py:

  SECURITY WARNING: DON'T USE THIS CODE UNLESS YOU ARE INSIDE A FIREWALL
  -- it may execute arbitrary Python code or external programs.


Watch out, signal level and connection speed aren't necessarily correlated.

Use the iwconfig command:

wlan2     IEEE 802.11abgn  ESSID:"something"
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:5.745 GHz  Access Point: 60:AA:4C:D4:53:FC
          Bit Rate=144.4 Mb/s   Tx-Power=15 dBm
          Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=64/70  Signal level=-46 dBm
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:381146  Invalid misc:1531   Missed beacon:0

"Bit rate" indicates the actual transfer speed, while "Link Quality" and "Signal Level" tell you how strong the signal is.


this is probably a duplicate but you can find instructions here


Install the Twitter Color Emoji SVGinOT Font by opening a terminal (press Ctrl+Alt+T) and running:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:eosrei/fonts
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fonts-twemoji-svginot

Then, reboot.


man screen lists this command-line option:

-L   tells screen to turn on automatic output logging for the windows.

Running screen -L [ cmd [ args ] ] enables automatic logging.


Permissions might hinder you. The entire path to the image must be readable by the Web server. If you are using Apache running as the www-data user, then your directories should probably be set to 0755 (drwxr-xr-x), and the files, 0644 (-rw-r--r--). You can see the permissions in a console/shell with something like this:

cd /media
ls -l

You can change permissions with something like this:

sudo chmod 0755 directory_name
sudo chmod 0644 file_name

Do that for each directory and all the files you want to access. Or, in two swipes, one for directories, one for files, get them all without picking though each dir/file:

sudo find /media -type d -exec chmod 0755 {} \;
sudo find /media -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} \;

When you know the permissions are correct, you would benefit by creating a symbolic link to the directory instead of trying to reference them all by absolute file system path. Change directories to the website document root. Let's say this is /home/micah/public_html/.

cd /home/micah/public_html/
ln -s /media/Documents/Files/Micah/Homepage\ Website/ images

Now you have a symbolic link, like a virtual directory, to the location of the images.
In order for this to work, Apache needs to know that it is allowed to follow the sybmolic link. So, in your Apache config file, where you have defined your website, look in the 'Directory' directive to make sure you have specified the "FollowSymLinks" option.

<Directory />
    Options FollowSymLinks
</Directory>

Restart the Web server after this.

sudo service apache2 restart

Then, the XHTML is this:

<img src="/images/Picture.jpg" width="" height="" alt="" title="" />

By the way, when you have spaces in a URI, and for each blank space, substitute the HTML character entity, %20.

If you are just creating HTML files, ignore the Apache part.


How to set default value for parameter in bash_aliases

Some issues here:

A function definition in bash needs () after the function's name
${1:-Default Message} returns either the content of $1 (if that is given)
or the given default value. Note: it returns it. That is, it is the same
as if you had written:

if [ -n "$1" ]; then
    $1
else
    Default Message
fi

bash is dumb, so it will try to simply run "Default Message" as a command.
Obviously, there is no such command, hence your error message.
The last line (git commit -m '$1') will use the literal $1 (read: dollar-one)
as the commit message because single quotes were used and they don't expand variables
inside them.

Try this instead:

commit() {
    msg="${1:-Default Message}"
    echo "git add ."
    git commit -m "$msg"
}

Or:

commit() {
    echo "git add ."
    git commit -m "${1:-Default Message}"
}


Dual boot Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04, facing partition issues

For a normal MBR partition table the maximum number of primary partitions is 4.  What you need to do is make the unallocated space an extended partition and you will be able to put two partitions inside that - one for swap and one ext4 formatted partition for Ubuntu.

You can boot off the Ubuntu LiveCD/USB and use Gparted to create these partitions.


How to specify what MAAS interface Juju should use

Short answer: You can't, but SSH tunnelling usually works (see below).

Juju tries to connect to all IP addresses of the deployed MAAS node, via SSH trying all addresses in parallel. Those addresses are returned by the MAAS API Juju uses.

If you don't have direct access to the "control" network, but you do have access to the "data" network, one way to do it is to use sshuttle(8) to set up a SSH tunnel to the MAAS server for a list of networks. This will work assuming you can connect to the MAAS server via SSH (via the "data" network or otherwise).

Example: sshuttle -r 192.168.1.104 10.20.0.0/24 172.31.42.0/24

192.168.1.104 is the MAAS server's IP address you can SSH into, the rest are one or more MAAS networks you want to be able to access through the established SSH tunnel (e.g. "control" and "data" networks for your case).

I have a similar setup and this works pretty well. You'll need to leave the sshuttle terminal running. Now you should be able to SSH into the deployed nodes using both their "control" and "data" addresses.


How To Install Phatch 16.1 Version on 16.04

Patching works. I did it as explained in ubuntuusers.de wiki, that is:

Save the patch file phatch.diff to your Downloads folder.
In a terminal:sudo patch -b /usr/share/phatch/phatch/lib/pyWx/wxPil.py < ~/Downloads/phatch.diff


How to partition for a successfull boot with raid5 + lvm +encryption

For bios booting, you just need one raid partition on each disk, unless the disks are larger than 2 TiB, in which case you must use GPT instead of msdos partition tables.  In that cause you have to create a 1 MiB bios_grub partition on each disk you want to install grub to ( preferably all of them ).

For EFI, you need to use GPT no matter the size of the disk, and create an EFI system partition and mount it in /boot/grub/efi.


Tecra Z50-C Touchpad: 2 Fingers scroll results in spurious middle click and right click

After investigiating I found that

Enable two-finger scrolling on ALPS touchpad which helps to fix the issue.

sudo echo "options psmouse proto=imps" > /etc/modprobe.d/psmouse.conf

modprobe -r psmouse

modprobe psmouse


Newer apt repositories on older Ubuntu releases

You didn't mention the specific package, so I can only give generalities.

If possible, the easiest thing would be to find the appropriate .deb on packages.ubuntu.com and install it. As long as the requisite dependencies are available in your version of Ubuntu, it'll work great.

A second, more involved option would be to rebuild the source package using your version of Ubuntu. This would resolve certain classes of dependency problems. Look into pbuilder for this.

Finally, you could try compiling the upstream version yourself, using checkinstall. This should only be a last resort, however.

One of these options will likely work for you. If they don't, then you might not have too many options, as it would mean that there are some critical dependencies that can't really be resolved without a system upgrade.


Quickly is Not Packaging My Application?

Try with sudo, some of the operations may need root privileges.


How to access micro8ks's dashboard web UI?

The information is well hidden in microk8s.kubectl get all --all-namespaces, maybe elsewhere. Since kubectl not well documented and not intuitive at all, I recommend

microk8s.kubectl get all --all-namespaces | grep service/kubernetes-dashboard

which reveals an IP address which you need to access with https:// prefixed in your browser because there's no redirect from HTTP to HTTPS.


The gateway needs to be in the same subnet.
10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 network has an address range from 10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.254.
You cannot have 2 default gateways within the same network namespace or VRF.
If you wish to have this system connected to 2 networks, you need to configure routes.
Even with routes, the next hop will still need to be within the same subnet as outgoing interface.
Enabling ip_forward allows your system to act as a router. If IP packet which is not destined to this system will arrive on the interface, and routing table will have an entry for its destination, the system will forward that packet to the next hop.


The light on my power button remains on even after I shut down my laptop and cannot restart it

Lenovo Thinkpad E490

You have a very old BIOS, R11ET30W (1.10 ).

There's a newer BIOS available, R0YET43W (1.26), available for download here or here.

Note: Verify that I have the correct web page for your model #.

Note: Have good backups before updating the BIOS.


Open your terminal(Ctrl+Alt+t) and type:

sudo aptitude install mpgtx

Then you can cut any file mp3.
Command : mptsplit ibputfile.mp3 [00:00:20-00:00:50] -o output.mp3

There you are cutting a mp3 file from 20sec to 50sec.

To cut from .amr file

open your terminal and type as

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
ffmpeg -t 30 -acodec copy -i inputfile.amr outputfile.amr

There inputfile.amr should be your input file and output.amr should be your output file. 30 stands for a slice 30 sec from the input file from starting.

This could be used for slicing the both .amr and .mp3 files.


Your question may be answered here.

Run this command instead:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

The command on docker introduces line breaks to a file that cannot have any.  You may have to go through and remove incorrectly formatted files from /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ if you tried this many times.


Problem while installing Ubuntu alongside Windows 7

You only had three partitions,try to create another ext4 partition as primary or logical using gparted partition editor through Ubuntu live-disk.

During the ubuntu installation choose the something else option and select the created ext4 partition to install Ubuntu.


This may be what you're looking for:

How to change the LightDM theme/greeter?

You'd want the "unity-greeter"


Will KDE and GTK compatible software work in Xubuntu (XFCE)?

Yes, all software will work between desktop environments with little issues.

But...

Lets say that you are using Xfce (GKT2) and you want to install software that was built for GNOME Shell (GTK3), all the libraries that are necessary to run that application will be downloaded (and that might be "a lot"), the same goes for other desktop environments.

It will not harm your system, but it might be too much compared with the size of the application that you want to use.

An example: Let's say I want to install Kate (the beautiful text editor from KDE, less than 1MB for the application itself) in my clean Ubuntu desktop. It will pull 65MB of packages and in the end will occupy more than 180MB in total because it pulls a lot of dependencies:

consolekit docbook-xml docbook-xsl kate-data katepart kde-runtime kde-runtime-data kdelibs-bin kdelibs5-data kdelibs5-plugins kdoctools kubuntu-debug-installer libattica0.4 libdlrestrictions1 libepub0 libgpgme++2 libkactivities-bin libkactivities-models1 libkactivities6 libkateinterfaces4 libkatepartinterfaces4 libkcmutils4  ibkde3support4 libkdeclarative5 libkdecore5 libkdesu5 libkdeui5 libkdewebkit5 libkdnssd4 libkemoticons4 libkfile4 libkhtml5 libkidletime4 libkio5 libkjsapi4 libkjsembed4 libkmediaplayer4 libknewstuff3-4 libknotifyconfig4 libkntlm4 libkparts4 libkpty4 libkrosscore4 libktexteditor4 libkubuntu0 libkxmlrpcclient4 libnepomuk4 libnepomukcleaner4 libnepomukcore4abi1 libnepomukquery4a libnepomukutils4 libntrack-qt4-1 libntrack0 libpam-ck-connector libphonon4 libplasma3 libpolkit-qt-1-1 libpoppler-qt4-4 libqapt2 libqapt2-runtime libqca2 libqjson0 libqmobipocket1 libqt4-qt3support libsolid4 libsoprano4 libstreamanalyzer0 libstreams0 libthreadweaver4 libvirtodbc0 libzip2 nepomuk-core-data nepomuk-core-runtime ntrack-module-libnl-0 oxygen-icon-theme phonon phonon-backend-gstreamer phonon-backend-gstreamer-common plasma-scriptengine-javascript qapt-batch sgml-data shared-desktop-ontologies soprano-daemon ttf-dejavu-core virtuoso-minimal virtuoso-opensource-6.1-bin virtuoso-opensource-6.1-common

I mean, what is 180MB now a days? Not much, but compared with the 1MB that the application actually is... Does not make much sense and will drive most users to look for alternatives elsewhere.


You could see whole listing of files wine1.5 installed as that (from command line):

dpkg -L wine1.5 | less

Or if you need just where is executable:

which wine

If you need to see it's attributes too:

ls -la `which wine`


How to fix very slow network access through proxy after upgrading to 12.04

Install the iputils-tracepath package, and use tracepath to make sure your MTU is no larger than any link's MTU.


16.04: How do I make cron create cron.log and monitor it in real time?

Here is the simplest way to do it:

-->  Make a change in /etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf with your favorite editor:

sudo gedit /etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf

Use Ctrl-f (find) and type cron to find the line that says

#cron.*         /var/log/cron.log

Remove the # from that line. Then restart the service:

service rsyslog restart

From then on, all cron-related output will go to /var/log/cron.log

In order to prevent cron from sending summary emails, place this line at the beginning of your crontab file:

crontab -e
(Insert first line)
MAILTO=""

Then to watch it in near-real-time, first create a wcron command:

echo "#!/bin/bash" >wcron
echo "watch -n 10 tail -n 25 /var/log/cron.log" >>wcron
chmod +x wcron
sudo cp wcron /usr/sbin

watch -n 10 tells it to refresh the page every 10 seconds
tail -n 25 tells it to display the last 25 entries

Whenever you want to monitor cron in near-real-time in a terminal window, enter:

wcron

This is handy to have open in one of the 4 virtual desktops, perhaps along with System Monitor.

If you want to see more than just the launch times of longer jobs, it is easy to make the cron.log show both script start times and script end times, along with non-zero exit status messages.

How to change cron log level?

PARAPHRASED EXCERPT:

  From Ubuntu 15.04 on, upstart using /etc/init/*.conf is replaced
  by systemd using configuration files in /lib/systemd/system/ and
  /etc/systemd/system/. Although a file /etc/init/cron.conf is still
  existent in Ubuntu 16.04, the script normally in use to start cron
  now is /lib/systemd/system/cron.service.

To add the -L 15 option, open the editor by using:

sudo systemctl edit --full cron

OR I RECOMMEND:

sudo gedit /lib/systemd/system/cron.service

and replace the line

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/cron -f $EXTRA_OPTS

with

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/cron -L 15 -f $EXTRA_OPTS

Then reload the configuration:

sudo systemctl restart cron

It will load it on boot also.

This enables wcron to show all the information you need to watch your cron system as it runs your scripts on schedule.

One final idea for monitoring cron is to teach your scripts to speak.

16.04 LTS How to make the system announce the time at the top of the hour with eSpeak

I have many of my scripts announce when they start and when they stop, or if they encounter errors.

Volume may be adjusted in the espeak command so they can be subtle.


How is the desired status in the Debian Package Manager determined?

I don't know if you ever used tools like aptitude or synaptic, even lower levels commands like: dpkg, dpkg-purge etc.

Using tools like aptitude, I can mark a lot of packages for removal, some to purge and some others for install, downgrade, etc, then I can run a single command to do all necessary stuff to get what I want (trigger pending actions).

The desired field is used to determine what should I do with a package.

Lets install axel:

sudo apt install -y axel

Now lets see its status:

$ dpkg -l axel
ii  axel               2.5-2

I can mark it for purge:

$ echo axel purge | sudo dpkg --set-selections

Now the desired action is:

$ dpkg -l axel
pi  axel               2.5-2

I could mark the package for "purge" using other tools too:

sudo dpkg-purge axel

Now if I run:

sudo aptitude install

or

sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade

it asks me that if I want to remove axel or not...

Where this data come from:

/var/lib/dpkg/status


Replacing OS X with Ubuntu on an old Mac

You can put older versions of Ubuntu on a Macbook 1.1 (although some fiddling is required). Support on old Macbook for recent versions of Ubuntu is limited (which, given that this is not a mainstream application, is understandable). The instructions at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook and https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook1-1 should get you going, but be prepared to do some serious DIY-ing.


How do I install the ubuntu-restricted-extras package?

First, be warned that it might not be legal in some countries, because of software patents.

With that being said, here is how to install it, click here:

ubuntu-restricted-extras

Or you can open up a terminal and run the following command:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

Select yes, and you'll have ubuntu-restricted-extras installed and working.


Muxless hybrid graphic card and power-saving

Here is an answer:

How to disable the discrete AMD graphics card in Linux


Brasero says that a 700MB CD has not enough free space for 480MB data

Since you just want the files written as a data disk, try using Brasero directly and start a new "Data project", then add the files and you should have a disk (or ISO) about the same size as the files.

It looks like Banshee is helpfully telling Brasero to create a "traditional audio CD" and converting the files. I tried having Brasero make an "Audio project" with a single "High-Resolution music file (96 kHz/24 bit FLAC)" (16M file) from Sony's http://helpguide.sony.net/high-res/sample1/v1/en/index.html and it shrunk/converted it to a 6.8M bin/cue image.


How can I drag file from Nautilus to Brasero?

After we opened a new "Data Project" from Brasero we see the following empty window:

We can now easily drag and drop files, directories, or multiple selections to this space.

Alternatively there also is a right click option on selected files "Send to..." where we are able to send these to the "CD/DVD Creator".

In case we need to work with full screen application we may use Nautilus option "View -> Extra Pane" to open the location burn:///. We can open this location, drag and drop files from the second pane and choose to write to the disc from Nautilus in case we inserted a blank disc.

In case we had the Brasero icon attached to the Launcher (choose "Lock to Launcher" on the right click menu that pops up when you click on the icon of a running application) we can also drag and drop files to this icon on the Launcher. This will then open Brasero with the files we had dragged in the project window.


Some image files won't be displayed by Apache, returns 500 error (file ownership/permissions)

I've ran into similar problems when moving files between web servers and I offer up a few different things you can try.

First, make sure that when using Filezilla that under "Transfer" -> "Transfer Type" that "ASCII" is not checked, that can cause the very error you are having.  (Also, make sure the names of the files haven't changed for some reason, I don't suspect this one but have seen it happen before in a move).

Second, try doing "chown root:root" on the files your uploaded, seriously, don't ask me why but this sometimes does the trick even when it appears the files have the right permissions.

Finally, download the files you uploaded to the server and check them on another computer to make sure that they weren't corrupted in the transfer.  If they were, try uploading them again.


How to monitor network bandwidth per user on Ubuntu server?

As root, you could at least measure the outgoing traffic on a per-user basis using the "owner" module of iptables. If all the users you want to monitor are in /root/list-of-users.txt, you can do:

for login in $(cat /root/list-of-users.txt);
do
    iptables -N out_user_$login
    iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner $(id -u $login) -j out_user_$login
done

And then the packet and byte counts for each user's outbound traffic are visible:

iptables -L OUTPUT -n -v | grep out_

This could be extended further with CONNMARK to track the inbound side too.


I am user Cr33pD3ath got a New user name and email.
I found the Driver issue resolve from this page: (Installing Broadcom Wireless Drivers)
Just a note after:
 [sudo apt install firmware-b43-installer]
 [sudo reboot]

I had to follow up with:
[sudo modprobe -r b43]
[sudo modprobe b43]
[sudo rfkill unblock all ]

Once that was complete No-Fi issue fixed!!
Wifi is on and working great, so far.
Thanks for the help!!!


I figured it out. The error I was getting occurs because VMware is actually grabbing possession of the USB port. Only one system can 'own' the usb port.

Normally, in a networking context, this wouldn't matter. VMware is designed to working with the host's network interfaces. It doesn't try and take full possession of the network interfaces, it just routes traffic through them.

However, in my situation the eth0 and wlan0 were both disconnected from the internet, so when the guest OS took possession of the usb port I lost connectivity. As @GabrielaGarcia mentions in the comment, the guest doesn't have the drivers to deal with the USB card.

Solution

I went to the USB NIC's webUI and grabbed the routing information. I then created a Virtual Network in VMware and pointed the Guest traffic at the same Gateway which the USB NIC was pointed to. (Use NAT mode in the virtual network editor)

After that it just started working.

Note: If it is not working check in VMware settings for "removable devices". From that option menu you can ensure that the guest has released the USB device (or other device).


disabling secure boot - no OS works, F2 or F10 don't work

Secure boot is implemented in the BIOS. Reformatting won't remove it. You need to go into the BIOS settings and find the option to disable it.


Can I sell my PyQt4-app without having a PyQt license?

I am not a lawyer and this is not legal advice. This post is about what options you have, so it's a research tool, intended to be used alongside other research tools. Even in combination with other research tools, this is no substitute for consulting an attorney about any legal matter where you need a proper answer.

One of the license options for Qt (not PyQt) is the LGPL 2.1, which allows you to distribute proprietary programs that use the Qt library provided that you abide by all the terms of the LGPL 2.1.

PyQt, however, currently only has two licensing options (unless you negotiate something else with its developers, which would not ordinarily be practical). It is available under the GPL--then to distribute your program it would have to be free open source software; more specifically, any version of your program that you offer to others and that uses the PyQt library would have to be licensed under the GPL as well.

The only alternative to the GPL, for a program that uses PyQt, is to pay for a commercial license. As you indicated, this is often prohibitively expensive (though for some applications it's a good deal).

If your goal is to write a GPL-incompatible program in Python that uses Qt, you may want to consider PySide. Like PyQt, PySide is a Python binding for Qt, that lets you write Python programs that use Qt. Unlike PyQt, PySide is available under the LGPL (like Qt itself), and thus can be used by proprietary programs provided that you carefully read and abide by the terms of the LGPL.

Sometimes, PyQt has significant advantages over PySide. Often, it does not. There is also an element of subjectivity regarding which you may prefer to use; different programmers have different preferences. For more information, see Differences Between PySide and PyQt.


Generic kernel as a boot option after installing lowlatency kernel

Question 1: Can you use sudo apt-get install linux-generic to switch back?
No. you will end up with both kernels installed after installing the low latency kernel.
Question 2: Will installing linux-lowlatency update grub, allowing you to select generic or lowlatency when booting?
Yes.
Question 3: about ubuntustudio-lowlatency-settings?
Seems like a waste of time to me, as that is what happens anyhow.
If you want to play around with kernels, then my suggestion is that you set the grub menu to visible with a long timeout, allowing you plenty of time to go into the advanced menu and select the kernel you actually want to boot.


In order to change file owner given that Nautilus has failed you will need to use the terminal.  The command chown as shown in this question will do what you need.  You can also type man chown into your terminal to get a detailed description of how to use chown.


Audio is scratchy on UX390UA (asus) w/ Ubuntu 16.10

sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
options snd-hda-intel model=generic
sudo restart

This fixed the scratchy audio for me. I had to change the sound settings to use Audio Surround 4.0 output using pavucontrol

This however did not fix headphones. If I plugin headphones audio is still coming out of the laptop speakers.


Can I make a YouTube Series about programs on the Ubuntu Software Center?

Please go ahead and do it!

You would not be infringing on any copyright or trademark around Ubuntu. Canonical policies explain:

  You can use the Trademarks in discussion, commentary, criticism or parody, provided that you do not imply endorsement by Canonical.

Even if you were using proprietary software such as OS X or Windows to demonstrate the operating system's capabilities and express opinions about software, there would be no SWAT team coming to knock down your door. As long as you don't claim ownership of the symbols, names, logos, etc. used and created by Canonical.


Installing Ubuntu 16.04 on an MSI GE62VR 7RF

Try to install ubuntu with nomodeset mode...
To do this press e button choosing INSTALL UBUNTU in the insatallation menu and add the word nomodeset after quite splash.
After installing ubuntu, the os will not boot properly. To fix this select your ubuntu os after appearing the dual boot selection menu.Dont press Enter.Just select it and press e.
Then add nouveau.modeset=0 after quite splash and then the os will boot without any error.
But in this case the os is running using your  Nvidia gpu and your battery will drain faster. You can't switch to your intel graphics because if you do it, the OS will not boot again. To fix this error visit the below link...

Click here


I have the iso image but wubi again downloading the whole data?

What happened: The ISO you downloaded was meant to be burned to a disk or configured to a USB to install Kubuntu in that manner. However, if you choose to install it while you're on the Windows OS Wubi will download the required files again.

What you can do:

If you would like to install it alongside Windows OS, continue by starting the Wubi installer again, let it take awhile to download, and follow the reboot instructions once its finished.
Make a Linux USB creator, I suggest using LinuxLive USB Creator

Hoped that helped.


black screen on booting into Ubuntoon Windows 7 PC - Nvidia card

"Nomodeset" is the one I've had most luck with.

Try again with "nomodeset" and not "no splash". And don't replace anything, just type it in at the end of the row.


Ubuntu can't read hard drive after booting in windows 8

This may happen if you hibernate the windows system. Try accessing the hard drive again from windows and see if that is possible. If yes do a complete reboot and then try to access the drive from ubuntu.

If that also does not do it, try accessing the disk with superuser access (be a bit careful here though)


Why is the PPA version of LibreOffice-fresh older than the one on the site?

The PPA likely will require the packages being specially uploaded and built for PPA distribution which will take time. According to the release notes, it (RC2 version at a guess) was released only yesterday (17th Dec 2015), so you will have to wait a little while yet

You can get 5.0.4 via the downloading the packages from the website here  - note you may need to update these manually and the packages will likely install as libreoffice5.0-*, so may try and install alongside the existing version in /opt instead of updating the libreoffice-* packages.

See also:

Release Schedule


Owner of the directory for the mounted device

You can mount it with -o uid=<username>.
For example, if your the partition you want to mount is /dev/sda1, you want to mount it at /mnt and your username is roman you can mount it using:
sudo mount -o uid=roman /dev/sda1 /mnt


I own a GX60, same APU. I had to add acpi_backlight=video to grub to make the Fn-Keys for brightness work.

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Backlight here are more commands you might need to add to your bootloader ;)


Installation error showing boot mgr missing

Which software you used to create bootable USB.

Whether Rufus or isotousb.

Should clean your USB and format it by selecting NTFS format and select Windows bootable USB.

Than it will work. Did you check your lap bios boot manager.  Whether it's configured USB to boot first.

And also I personally suggest you to try elementary os  (Freya).  It's also same as ubuntu.   But the look and feel is different.


Execute the following code in terminal.

gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.encodings auto-detected "['UTF-8', 'BIG5', 'BIG5-HKSCS', 'EUC-TW', 'CURRENT', 'ISO-8859-15', 'UTF-16']"

and the chinese will be displayed successfully.
It works well with traditional Chinese on my 64 ubuntu 12.04.


Column view mode with Nautilus (like Mac OS X Finder)

This is not possible with Nautilus, and as far as I know there are no plans to implement this.


Need help installing VirtualBox on ubuntu 12.04

Install the kernel header files.

Start the command below to make a check

apt-cache policy linux-generic | grep Installed

If you see a version behind Installed: like this, with a version number

Installed: 3.19.0.26.25

then start

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic

if you see

Installed: (none)

start

sudo apt-get install kernel-headers-$(uname -r)


How to stop particular instance of X server?

You should be able to find the PID of the running X instances and kill the one you don't want. For example:

$ pgrep -a X
3885 /usr/bin/Xorg :0 -background none -verbose -auth /var/run/gdm3/auth-for-Debian-gdm-M5IpFT/database -nolisten tcp vt7
$ kill 3885

Your output will have more than one PID since you are running multiple instances, so make sure you pick the right one.


How can I change font attributes for "Text Entry" in Glade

I do not know how to do this using Glade. However, this is simple to achieve using a small piece of code.

I assume you are using quickly, and thus you write in Python.

First, you need to import Pango library (it comes by default with Gtk)

from gi.repository import Pango
Then, assuming your entry widget is called myentry:

myentry.modify_font(Pango.FontDescription('Sans Bold 12'))

Adjust the above to your needs, and remember place that instruction somewhere in initialization code, so that it gets executed just after the window is constructed.

I hope such non-Glade solution will help you.


Voice audio comes weird and very low with a headphone

I found the solution, or i think is a workaround.
i went to "Sound Settings" and with the headphones connected I move the "Balance" option to right or left a little bit and the voice sound was fixed.

Daniel


Wallpaper goes back to default after restarting the computer

Copy your picture/wallpaper into ubuntu root,desktop or any direction within ubuntu installation disk

Because when you start ubuntu you have to mound these drives if not then ubuntu can't access the data of that drives.


A quick Google for "HDIO_GET_IDENTITY failed for" revealed this;

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1015693

To summarize,

Drive errors in the system log files
    /dev/sda: HDIO_GET_IDENTITY failed: Invalid argument

    This error is produced by hdparm when using the -i switch on some SCSI and SATA disk drives. hdparm was not designed to be used with SCSI or SATA drives. No tweaks that hdparm can provide are needed for SCSI or SATA drives.

    Fix: Disable any Cpanel IDE hard drive tweaks and remove any hdparm settings in local startup files.

It sounds like it's not important and can likely be ignored.


How to check NAND type used in a SSD in Ubuntu

I've not come across that type of data, at least not with most tools I've used on Ubuntu  - lshw, dmidecode, udev, udisksctl and so on; so I think it's not possible,no yet at least.

What's possible is to display whether a drive is rotational or not, where no rotational information implies an SSD; more importantly, you can find out vendor or SSD model via same commands, and take that to search engine to find detailed specs on the drive.

SSDs typically should have a microcontroller that takes care of reporting the relevant information to the host machine. So in theory there should be a way to check whether that controller exposes such information or not. There's high probability they don't expose that information, simply because no OS usually cares about that. This also means that we can't really find such information , at least not yet, with Ubuntu tools.


Is it possible to use my HP multifunction printer from any computer on my LAN network?

have you reviewed your networking privacy settings for public and private networks? have you maybe added any VPN or other anti-virus/malware apps or software? that's 1st thing to pop in my mind.


Ubuntu 18.04 screen lock loses highest resolution each time

First generate a template xorg.conf file as follows (which should work even if you're running X / GNOME / display manager already):

sudo X :2 -configure

Then copy the resulting file /root/xorg.conf.new to /etc/X11/xorg.conf which will be a new file on latter versions of Ubuntu since X parameters are automatically determined by default.  Here's where my own solution diverges from a more simpler, general one:

1, general) Users of some graphics cards may be able simply to fix this by adding lines appropriate for the misbehaving monitor in the section beginning with Section "Monitor":

Modeline "2560x1440" 241.50  2560 2608 2640 2720 1440 1443 1448 1481 -hsync -vsync
Option "PreferredMode" "2560x1440"

The X server uses a system called EDID to query the resolutions automatically and there are many reported problems of both external and laptop displays getting incomplete results (I first thought this was happening to me after screenlock/unlock and suspend/resume).  Explicitly setting the Modeline tends to ensure this resolution is available to the X server no matter what the EDID response.  I was able to get this Modeline in 2 ways (there are others):

reading it from the X server startup log file in /var/log/Xorg.0.log
confirming it with the PowerStrip program in Windows (tutorial)

The Ubuntu doc page X/Config/Resolution > statically setup in xorg.conf gives a good overview of X configuration and relevant issues.

2, my own solution) However, in the Xorg log file I found that

the Modeline was being ignored in favour of the information from EDID (appearing in the log as DDC gathered Modelines)
the PreferredMode was properly parsed but then rejected.

I realised I had to replace the broken EDID my display card was getting from the monitor with one containing only the Modeline for my proper resolution.  But my system is on Intel HD graphics, for which most of the options dealing with EDID (UseEDID, UseEDIDFreqs, IgnoreEDID) are unsupported (marked is not used in the log file) so I had no success suppressing EDID altogether.

There were both positive and negative reports (stemming from this bug report) of using another EDID Xorg option CustomEDID to supply one's own EDID configuration.  I tried the procedure here (for compiling and edid.bin file with only my own modeline in it) and it worked, despite reports that it wouldn't: Creating and using edid.bin via xorg.conf > Method 2: Generate edid.bin from an Xorg modeline (edid-generator)

My currently working configuration, with the problem fixed, therefore has these two lines added to the "Screen" section (instead of the corresponding "Monitor" lines in solution #1):

Option  "ConnectedMonitor" "DP1"
Option  "CustomEDID" "DP1:/etc/X11/2560x1440.bin"

... where DP1 matches the Identifier tag in the "Monitor" section and therefore the output of xrandr.  Next time rebooting with this xorg.conf I had a much shorter list of resolutions in xrandr, which now persists no matter how many times the screen goes blank on the monitor.

BTW if the reports all over the Internet about the Intel driver not recognising the CustomEDID option had turned out to be true for me (!NOTE! I am using the open source drivers mentioned in the OP!), I would have had one more option in specifying the custom EDID data as a kernel parameter: ArchLinux > Kernel mode setting > Forcing modes and EDID

Why was this happening in the first place?  (Short answer: the monitor EDID was produced & left broken by Acer, but this would be fixed for the Windows majority by a "driver" which is really just registry entries to hard-code the EDID config onto the computer itself.)  A program get-edid, referred to in the linked procedure above, extracted the broken EDID from my monitor:

sudo get-edid -m 0 > edid.bin

... and when running its output through edid-decode it showed that only the lower resolutions were classified as either "Established timings" or "Standard timings" and the higher resolutions which kept dropping only appeared as sets of timing characteristics.  Also, when putting that output through a third program parse-edid it showed the mode 1920x1080 was actually the PreferredMode, which finally explained why the screen restarts eventually returned to that mode.

EDIT: As of mid-January 2020, an updated Xorg server with the Intel driver will crash, or not start, when any of the EDID options are used.  There are a few open bugs about this which can be found in a first-look Internet search.  So the solution above no longer works in this particular case, though it still might be of more general use.

I would advise anyone experiencing this problem to immediately contact their hardware manufacturer to swap the monitor if the firmware cannot be upgraded any other way.  Ironically Microsoft offers the best explanation why this problem can really only be solved in a manufacturing plant, not on the desktop: Overriding Monitor EDIDs

EDIT 2: As of end-February 2020, I've tested setting EDID with Kernel Mode Setting (Forcing modes and EDID), registering the Custom EDID file by adding a boot option:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="splash drm.edid_firmware=edid/2560x1440.bin"

Under the conditions above (my monitor, display, and DP connection) this works perfectly to keep the ideal display resolution when waking after suspend/sleep, but whenever the display is unblanked without waking from sleep then the X screen gets scrambled.

In summary: I can only hope the above provides some options to help with this problem on other platforms, rather than providing a universal solution.


Default Applications reset to their default settings after a reboot Ubuntu 20.04

Go to Settings/Default Applications...

Update #1:
Created a "Guest" account, and the problem does not occur there. The problem is local to your own account. Probably something wrong in ~/.cache or ~/.local or ~/.config folders.


If You Are a Developer
Steam is particularly relevant to:

developers of games already provided through Steam (by Valve),
developers making mods for those games, and
game developers planning proprietary software projects (or, potentially, games with proprietary art but FOSS engines). Basically, anything where content whose distribution is restricted by copyright and must be distributed selectively to customers.

It is interesting and important that Steam is being ported to GNU/Linux. Whether or not a developer should distribute a game over Steam depends on many factors and is a highly subjective question.
For End Users: One Simple Question
For users, however, it's usually pretty simple to figure out if you might benefit from subscribing to, installing, and using Steam:
Are there programs you want to run, that are available for your operating system, and that are distributed on Steam?
If there are, Steam might be the best and most convenient way to get them. Or, often, there are other alternatives, which you might prefer. This mostly depends on the application, rather than the Steam service itself.
(The Steam service also has a Subscriber Agreement. Since signing it affects your legal rights, you should make sure you understand it first, and consider your options, as you should when contemplating the use of any service. By the way, this is not legal advice, and I am not a lawyer. I don't work for Valve Corporation either.)
You can search here to see what games (and other content) are available through Steam. Just remember that not all games on Steam are necessarily available for your platform (especially if your platform is Linux-based).
Or browse Steam games currently available for GNU/Linux (that includes Ubuntu).
Core Concepts
There is a saying (which I think might originate in BSD culture, but I'm really not sure):

You don't use an operating system, you use applications.

Anything you want to use your computer for, you use some program to do it. The program may run on a particular OS, or be provided as part of a particular OS, or have no support on that OS at all. But what matters about an OS is whether or not you can run programs that provide the functionality you need.
Now, Steam is not an operating system. It is a distribution platform, sort of like the iTunes Music Store, but focused on games instead. Potentially Steam could be used to distribute other software, and it actually is used to distribute some videos.
If you want to run software that is distributed through Steam, then you should consider using Steam. Otherwise, though Steam has a few side features--chat with other Steam users--there is really no reason to use Steam.
You don't play a distribution platform, you play games.
The reason it's big news that Steam is coming to GNU/Linux (such as Ubuntu) is not that Steam is particularly cool itself, but that a number of Steam games formerly available only on other platforms seem to be coming along with it.
For example, a Left 4 Dead 2 player who uses Ubuntu may be very happy that Steam is being ported to GNU/Linux, so they can install and play Left 4 Dead 2 it on Ubuntu. But really, Steam being ported to GNU/Linux is just a tiny part of what's beneficial there. The real benefit is that Left 4 Dead 2 is being ported.
Ports of many other games currently available to Windows and Mac OS X users are planned, too. But many games are distributed on Steam, and some of them will not support multiple platforms (just as some don't now, even though Steam has been out for Mac OS X for quite some time).
Games run on an operating system, not a distribution platform.
Steam is an infrastructure for distributing and managing the installation and use of games. It manages user identity information, and it has a (minor) role in providing multiplayer functionality. But it is not a game engine, graphics API, or sandbox in which a game runs.
When Steam runs on Linux, that doesn't make Steam applications run on GNU/Linux. They have to be ported. And if they were ported without Steam, they would run, too.
Packaging Software ...and Managing It Too!
People can debate the advantages and disadvantages of Steam as a distribution platform; I'm not going to try to do that here. But there's one advantage-disadvantage pair that's important to understanding Steam at all:

Advantage: Your software is available from anywhere. You can download, install, and update it through automated means. You can use it from multiple machines.
Disadvantage: Your software is tied to being logged in to Steam. Generally speaking, you can only use your Steam account--and thus, the games that are associated with it--on one machine at a time. Games are usually downloaded over the Internet when they are installed, rather than installing from local media, and sometimes downloads are slow.

Steam ran on Windows first. Windows software can be packaged into discrete units (.msi files). There is a utility that performs installation (Windows Installer), information about what software is installed is stored in a local database (the registry), and there is a Control Panel applet providing a central place to browse installed software and uninstall whatever is unneeded (Add/Remove Programs).
That is to say that Windows has a package manager. It is not as sophisticated at managing dependencies as dpkg, but it is otherwise comparable.
What Windows did not have (and still does not have) is a package manager that automatically retrieves software from the Internet, installs it, retrieves and installs whatever other programs or libraries your software needs to run, and keeps your software up to date automatically. That's always been the main benefit of Steam to users. It is a highly functional, third-party package manager for Windows.
GNU/Linux operating systems, though (and our BSD cousins) have had advanced package managers built into the OS for decades! In Ubuntu this functionality is currently provided mainly by APT, the Software Updater, and the Software Center. Ubuntu has always had this functionality. And we've had it for every part of the system, and many thousands of additional programs.
In Steam, games are installed for users, not (just) computers.
The Debian package management infrastructure has already been extended in Ubuntu to support installation and license management for proprietary payware applications. The Software Center adds this functionality, and is thus somewhat comparable to Steam. For example, users can purchase a number of for-pay games in the Software Center, such as Amnesia: The Dark Descent (which can also be purchased through Steam and in other ways).
When you install software in the Ubuntu Software Center, you must authenticate with your password. The software is installed systemwide. If you've purchased software, you can install it on other machines too. (Though you should consult the relevant license agreements, applicable law, and I am not a laywer and this is not legal advice.) However, often license agreements will prohibit you from using one license in two places at once.
With Steam, you log in to the Steam service to install and play games, and this is entirely separate from your Ubuntu user account. Multiple Steam users can be and often are set up on the same machine. A game two users have purchased is not (generally) stored twice on the hard drive, but it is accessible just while logged in to Steam as a user who has purchased it.
In some ways, this is inconvenient--if I purchased two unrelated games, why can't my friend play one of them on one of my computers while I play another one on my computer? On the other hand, this is also convenient--I needn't worry about what computers are available; I can log in to my Steam account anywhere and install the games (and they won't affect anybody else's Steam account, even on the same machine).
After all, games are played by people, not computers.


Can't delete items from trash on additional harddrive.

Sorry for the late reply.  I just ran into this myself.

I have Ubuntu 16.04 and USB drives of various types: EXT4 SSD in a cheap USB enclosure; ExFat(?) Samsung T1; VFAT SanDisk thumb drives.

I found that when I delete files in the GUI, they go into a .Trash-1000 directory on that removable drive.  When the trash is emptied, the file contents of .Trash-1000 are removed (the empty .Trash-1000 directory structure  remains).

If you can't empty the trash using the GUI (as described in the OP's post) you can simply delete that .Trash-1000 directory and the next time you delete a file with the GUI empty trash should work once again.

Example:

root@thinkPad:~# df
Filesystem          1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev                  3513316         0   3513316   0% /dev
tmpfs                  706844      9676    697168   2% /run
/dev/mapper/vg-root 515930552 417191728  77500580  85% /
tmpfs                 3534200     23116   3511084   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    5120         4      5116   1% /run/lock
tmpfs                 3534200         0   3534200   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2              264676     32924    231752  13% /boot/efi
cgmfs                     100         0       100   0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs                  706844        96    706748   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdb1           121277504    141024 121136480   1% /media/tommy/SAN128G1

root@thinkPad:~# mount | grep SAN128
/dev/sdb1 on /media/tommy/SAN128G1 type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,showexec,utf8,flush,errors=remount-ro,uhelper=udisks2)

root@thinkPad:~# cd /media/tommy/SAN128G1

root@thinkPad:/media/tommy/SAN128G1# ls -l
total 65668
drwxr-xr-x  5 tommy tommy    32768 Dec 15 08:30 ./
drwxr-x---+ 3 root  root      4096 Dec 15 08:13 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 tommy tommy    32768 Sep  3 06:05 bin/
drwxr-xr-x  3 tommy tommy    32768 Dec 31  2011 DCIM/
drwxr-xr-x  6 tommy tommy    32768 Aug 16 17:24 Share/
-rw-r--r--  1 tommy tommy 67108864 Sep 11 11:01 swapfile

Then I deleted bin/ share/ and swapfile using the GUI. It moves them to within .Trash-1000.

root@thinkPad:/media/tommy/SAN128G1# ls -l
total 100
drwxr-xr-x  4 tommy tommy 32768 Dec 15 08:31 ./
drwxr-x---+ 3 root  root   4096 Dec 15 08:13 ../
drwxr-xr-x  3 tommy tommy 32768 Dec 31  2011 DCIM/
drwxr-xr-x  4 tommy tommy 32768 Dec 15 08:31 .Trash-1000/

Emptying the trash deletes the actual files (as mentioned earlier, the .Trash-1000 directory structure remains, I guess for future use).

But you can delete the entire .Trash-1000 directory and the GUI "moved to trash" files will be deleted, e.g.:

root@thinkPad:~# rm -rf /media/tommy/SAN128G1/.Trash-1000/

This is, like "empty trash", non-reversible.  Be careful typing!
Empty trash using the GUI should work from this point forward.


Looks like this is a bug. My keyboard layout, though displaying as UK English as normal, was in fact Mac or similar (an @ in my password was being passed as a " from the keyboard). Selecting UK English again from the keyboard layouts in the taskbar fixes it as a workaround. I will investigate the circumstances in which this happens and file a bug.


Yes, it can be done. As it is not available officially, you have to download it from this git repository link to repo. Use the command below to download the software :

wget https://github.com/danielchatfield/trello-desktop/releases/download/v0.1.9/Trello-linux-0.1.9.zip -O trello.zip

Use the following commands to install the downloaded file :

sudo mkdir /opt/trello

sudo unzip trello.zip -d /opt/trello/

You can now use trello, type trello in the terminal to launch it, or you can create a desktop shortcut as given below.

Create a shortcut to facilitate program execution :

sudo ln -sf /opt/trello/Trello /usr/bin/trello

Create a launcher for the program by running the command below :

echo -e '[Desktop Entry]\n Version=1.0\n Name=trello\n Exec=/opt/trello/Trello\n Icon=/opt/trello/resources/app/static/Icon.png\n Type=Application\n Categories=Application' | sudo tee /usr/share/applications/trello.desktop

Put the shortcut on your desktop using the system file manager or the command below, and use it to start the program :

sudo chmod +x /usr/share/applications/trello.desktop

After this make sure that you have libgconf2-4 installed in your system. If you don't have, then install it using this command :

sudo apt-get install libgconf2-4


Are there any plans to transition Ubuntu on the Nexus 7 away from the Android kernel?

We currently use an Android 3.1 kernel so we can interface with the binary drivers for the Tegra3 chipset that nVidia provides.  We are currently working on merging this kernel with the official Ubuntu kernel.

This includes configuration and patches, assuming the patches can apply to a 3.1 kernel.  If newer kernels are released for the Nexus7 by Google, then we will investigate the effort in migrating our changes to the new version and release one if feasible.


No blue flag Thunderbird email alert in ubuntu 18.04. Please help.

In Thunderbird go to Edit > Preferences > General and ensure the box marked Show an alert is ticked...


Make fonts smaller in App menu or make them multi-line

As a test I opened one of the .desktop files for editing:
gedit admin:///usr/share/applications/libreoffice-writer.desktop

Then I edited the line
Name=LibreOffice Writer

to
Name=LO Writer

That made a difference at next login.
Maybe that should be proposed for everyone?


Linking to local files on a Windows file server share

It is not clear which is the method you are using to access the remote shares --- but yes, the path to a remote share is different in Linux and in Windows. The paths specification is different, really.

If you can navigate to your file, you can see what the path (URL) is. If you are accessing the file with your browser, the one that (should) work with a browser is available in the properties dialog of the file manager (right click on the object):

and it works for me:

The complete path to my file would be smb://pascua/ftp/red/vnc/tightvnc-1.2.9-setup.exe and if it where an image, feeding it to the browser will show it.

Additionally, the file from a remote server is visible somewhere in your directory hierarchy, and accessible as a normal file. To know how the file is known in the file system (as if it where a local file), drag the file icon in a terminal emulator window (here I typed ls -l before):

In this case the path is strange because the file is mounted by the gvfs backend (it's a user mount), in the case of system-mounted shares it should be easier to parse.


That package is libenchant1c2a.

As you can see from the package it is named enchant and uses ispell, aspell and myspell as a backend.

And the files are stored in ~/.config/enchant.


How do I uninstall Libreoffice Draw without uninstalling Libreoffice Impress?

You need to uninstall (purge), and then only load the meta-packages for the parts you want.

See: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LibreOffice

(look for 'Selective installation')


What is a partial upgrade and when is it necessary?

See the information provided on this web site:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/U%2B1/partial_upgrade

Summary
If you use Update Manager to upgrade your packages, and it
offers to do a Partial Upgrade do not accept it without thoroughly
checking what packages it offers to remove, upgrade and install. If
you do, you will most likely end up removing packages that shouldn't
be removed, and waste time and effort repairing your testing
installation and asking for assistance.
Most Partial Upgrade situations occur due to package archive
inconsistencies, which will typically be resolved within a few hours.
If your package manager is confused, and so are you, simply wait and
hold off the updates until things settle down.
Short Version
Due to the fact that uploads to the repositories of the
active development branch are asynchronous and uncoordinated,
dependencies of certain packages may arrive later than the dependent
package. This causes package management tools such as Update Manager,
which are mainly meant to be used with stable releases of Ubuntu where
the package archive is always consistent, to interpret the situation
as requiring a dist-upgrade to install new packages and/or repair
packages in a reqreinst (requires reinstallation) state. What Update
Manager performs when doing a "Partial Upgrade" is a dist-upgrade.
When testing development releases, most of the time, a Partial Upgrade
is undesired. The situations where it's needed are limited to new
packages obsoleting old ones (as in the case of the software-center
package replacing software-store) and package removals from the
archive.
Do not assume that since you're running a development release, a
Partial Upgrade is necessarily warranted.


It probably boots but not into X.

Try to press Alt+2 when you think it might boot (or when it stops booting process) and log in. When you are in, use something like sudo nano /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf and repair that mistake.


Ubuntu Aquaris System Settings > Updates

Sometimes happens. A possible solution is removing and readding your Ubuntu One account.

To do that, please go to System settings -> Accounts, select your Ubuntu One account, click on Remove account and then readd it.

After that, try again to download updates.


From the error given at the bottom, it appears that while it defaulted to cmake, that the program isn't present on your computer. I would recommend running the following command in the terminal:

sudo apt install build-essential

This meta package contains cmake (which it appears is not currently installed), g++, gcc, libc6-dev, and dpkg-dev. All of which will be handy for programming on linux.


Erratic display behaviour on 12.04 using an Asus Zenbook

(From user comments)

Deleting ~/.config/monitors.xml restored the default screen configuration and screens started working again. For some reasons, some setting in that file goes awry it seems.


Black screen at boot->recovery mode->enable networking-> etc/resolv.conf no such file or directory

I had the exact same problem. Solved it by:

Booting into a LiveUSB of Ubuntu, by selecting to test it out without installing. I fortunately still had the USB drive I used to install Ubuntu 16 a month ago. For my Dell I just pressed F2 on boot with the USB plugged in. Make sure you then log on to a network.
Roughly followed these instructions to chroot into the partition with my regular Ubuntu install. Make sure to check which partition has your Ubuntu installation using sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda

cd /
sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sda6 /mnt
Copy over '/etc/resolv.conf' so you can use the network on your chrooted system.

cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf
Chroot into mounted file system

chroot /mnt /bin/bash
Followed these instructions to fix driver issues.

sudo apt-get purge xorg-* xserver-xorg
sudo apt-get install xorg xserver-xorg
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xorg
Then exit out of chroot, unmount partition, and reboot into your original Ubuntu installation.

exit
umount /mnt
reboot

Hope this helps!


How to get easy tether to install on samsung chromebook 2 in ubuntu which was installed using crouton?

If it's accusing a wrong architecture, it probably means you're running a 64-bit processor ( "i386" represents 32-bit processors). Try downloading the amd64 version of EasyTether at http://www.mobile-stream.com/easytether/drivers.html.


Typora markdown editor supports images, headers, lists, tables, code fences, mathematics, diagrams, inline styles, etc. If you also have the pandoc package installed ( sudo apt install pandoc ) you can export documents from Typora in several common document formats.

To install the Typora snap package open the terminal and type:

sudo snap install typora-alanzanattadev

Typora can also make three different types of diagrams like this flowchart for example.

Mark Text is distributed in Linux as an appimage. Mark Text is better than Typora at accurately capturing everything on a webpage and Typora has a more user-friendly editor, so I use both applications. I use Mark Text as a webpage grabber, and then I copy/paste the markdown text I captured into Typora and use Typora to edit it.


It's basically futile. It might help for a short while, but if your disk has bad sectors, then it's only going to get more bad sectors with time. It's best to buy a new disk, and/or get that one replaced if it is under warranty. If it's not under warranty, then back up the good data to a good disk, write 0s to the bad disk at least 10 times, and take it to a place where it will be recycled properly.


How to replace old Ubuntu with new Ubuntu (Dual boot), not given option to "Replace"

Boot into your live media.
Choose Try Ubuntu Without Installing Option
(This is so that if you have any problems or need to run any tools you can have access to the OS for help).
Run the Install Ubuntu Application.
Answer the prompts with defaults until you get to the Install Type screen.  Select Something else and click continue.
Select the ext4 partition of your old installation.

Select change
for Use as seledt Ext4 in the dropdown.
for Mount point Select /.
4 for format you have a choice.  If you want to keep your personal files from the previous install leave it unchecked.  Check mark it to format if you want your to remove your personal files from the old install.

Click Install Now and complete the prompts for personal information... reboot when prompted.


GUI tool to create network bridges:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/bridger/


The repository apparently has something broken. I however found that the .run file from their website https://wiki.qt.io/Main works without any problems. Simply download, cd to Downloads in terminal, and run:

chmod +x qt-unified-linux*
./unified-linux... [tab to autocomplete filename]

Works without a glitch!


How can I install CUDA 9.0 for Ubuntu 17.10 without changing the current nvidia drivers?

I too have gone thru similar struggles. After trying to install CUDA 9.0, 9.1, 9.2 I found each toolkit requires a specific Nvidia driver version.

The official Nvidia CUDA installation guide calls for you to uninstall your Nvidia drivers. I think it's unavoidable if you want to do a local machine install unless you use Docker + Nvidia Docker.

This will allow your local machine to keep the same Nvidia drivers, and you install your specific CUDA toolkit in different container images.

This is the approach I went with.


USB key will only be mounted by gparted [?]

Using Alt+F2 open the run dialogue box.

Enter gconf-editor and Go To> apps> nautilus> preferences> LOOK AT media_automount and media_automount_open
check the boxes and exit.

Ubuntu Docs


How can I install "Ubuntu minimal install" packages that are not installed with it?

A list of the packages omitted when doing a minimal install can be found here: https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-archive/seeds/ubuntu.bionic/desktop.minimal-remove

You may not want all this stuff - you can pick and choose.

You can open a terminal and use the command sudo apt install XXXX where XXXX is the package name.

It is possible to supply a long list of packages to install at once - separate them by spaces.


Safely remove harddrive in the GUI (equivalent to udisksctl?)

Well, apparently the button does exist (despite what was said in the comments of my question). Somehow, I did not update anything, I have rebooted a couple of time since then, it just appeared.

I didn't do anything special at all. Very unclear to me why this button reappeared. I tried unmounting first, and the button still appeared. I can't reproduce the behaviour.


Changing the hostname or computer name in ubuntu

Edit /etc/hostname and change to the new value, for example name we are using hostname Ubuntu

sudo nano /etc/hostname
Ubuntu

Edit /etc/hosts and change the old 127.0.1.1 line to your new hostname

127.0.0.1   localhost
127.0.1.1   ubuntu.local    ubuntu   # change to your new hostname/fqdn

Note : Edit /etc/hosts and change the old 127.0.1.1 line to your new hostname (if you dont do this, you wont be able to use sudo anymore. If you hav e already done it, press ESC on the grub menu, choose recovery, and edit your host file to the correct settings)

Now after a reboot, your hostname will be the new one you chose

If you want to apply the change without a reboot,

sudo service hostname restart

OR

 sudo /etc/init.d/hostname restart

Note : Above command to make the change active. The hostname saved in this file (/etc/hostname) will be preserved on system reboot (and will be set using the same script we used hostname).


Issues from Upgrading one version at a time?

There's always a chance of something going wrong when doing an upgrade. And doing 3 upgrades in a row is just asking for trouble.

By doing a fresh install, you have far less risk of corrupting your install, you can start out with an optimized partitioning and get the "new install" feeling.

Just remember to backup your /home before doing anything. Upgrade or fresh install, make sure your data is safe!


Going back to nvidia drivers version 173 fixed the problem.


Broke my apt-get with texlive installation

Try this to repair your apt-get:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

Then, remove all texlive packages.


You can do that by going into the Global Shortcuts control panel in System Settings and, under the "kded" section, remove the key binding for brightness up and brightness down.


I guess they mean 'sync with a google account' which is the only possibility of syncing (at least on my bq Aquaris).  If you do not use this functionality, I wonder why this message appears, as no sync will take place.


Errors installing openssh-server on ubuntu 16.04

To solve this issue, open terminal And run following commands:

sudo apt-get install --fix-missing
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install openssh-server

That's it.


Is there a way to use Gimp without the toolbox?

Gimp has a feature to run in single window mode, or to run in classic mode where tools and docks are displayed as their own window. To toggle between these modes we tick or untick Windows > Single-Windws-Mode from the global menu top bar.
Single Window Mode

Classic Windowed Mode

In windowed mode we can close all windows. They will then disappear and will no longer be available until we re-open them. These windows also will not re-appear on just toggling to Single-Window-Mode.

To get back your toolbox do the following:

Toggle to windowed mode (untick Windows - Single Window Mode)
Open the toolbox (Windows > Tool Box Ctrl + B)
Open additional docks you need (e.g. Windows > Dockable Dialogs > Tool Options)
Toogle back to Single - Window - Mode.

To restore all windows to defaults see: How to restore the default toolbox windows in GIMP?


Does this make sense...

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens18:
      match:
        macaddress: 00:50:56:3e:23:56
      addresses: [IP1/24]
      routes:
        - to: 0.0.0.0/0
          via: IP1_GATEWAY
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]
        search: []
  bridges:
    br0:
      interfaces: [ens18]
      addresses: [IP2/24]
      routes:
        - to: 0.0.0.0/0
          via: IP2_GATEWAY
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]
        search: []
      parameters:
        stp: false
        forward-delay: 0

sudo netplan --debug generate # make config files

sudo netplan apply # apply new configuration

reboot # reboot and verify proper operation


Is it possible to get ls to show file size, not allocated size?

Use du -h filename instead of ls.

"du" stands for "disk usage", and although usually used for directories, it also reports for single files the amount of disk space they actually occupy.

-h makes it report human readable numbers, e.g. "10.0G".


Ubuntu Live CD - Persistance and install

Ubuntu live USB with persistence can be used to install Ubuntu on hard disk but it simply produces a fresh install with no transfer of any system-wide or user settings, data, etc.
It is possible to transfer most user settings and data from your home folder (e.g. sub-folders like .mozilla, .thunderbird, etc.) by simply copying and pasting them to your new home folder, and same applies to data files in folders like Documents, Pictures, etc.


Dual boot Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 13.10 on 2 separate SSDs

You can just install one SSD and install an operating system to it. Then install just the second SSD and install the second to that.

Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

Not sure what type of RAID you want that will easily work with both Windows & Ubuntu. I do not know RAID, but prefer to have the drives separate and do my own backup to the other drive which some archiving. With RAID there is no backup, just duplication.

I would suggest gpt partitioning for all drives. But Windows only boots from gpt drives with UEFI. Ubuntu can boot from gpt drives with UEFI or BIOS, but you really need both systems installed in the same boot mode to easily dual boot.

If a 256GB SSD, that would be very large for / (root). I have a 60GB SSD and have two different / including /home inside root, so user settings are also on fast drive. But all data in in rotating drive and linked back to /home on SSD. My /home then is mostly the hidden settings and any normally hidden folder with more data like Firefox profile also gets moved to data partition on rotating drive.

For the Total space you want for Ubuntu:
Ubuntu's standard install is just / (root) & swap, but it is better to add another partition for /home if allocating over 30GB.:

Only if gpt -  all partitions in gpt are primary add these two first:

gpt: 300 MB efi FAT32 w/boot flag (for UEFI boot or future use for UEFI, you only can have one per drive, so if already existing do not attempt another)
gpt: 1 MB No Format w/bios_grub flag (for BIOS boot not required for UEFI)

for gpt(GUID) or MBR(msdos) partitioning

Ubuntu partitions - smaller root only where hard drive space is limited.
If total space less than about 30GB just use / not separate /home or standard install.

1. 10-25 GB Mountpoint / primary or logical beginning ext4(or ext3)
2. all but 2 GB Mountpoint /home logical beginning ext4(or ext3) or inside / and separate data partition(s) on rotating drive.
3. 2 GB Mountpoint swap logical

Depending on how much memory you have you may not absolutely need swap but having some is still recommended. I do not hibernate (boots fast enough for me) but if hibernating then you need swap equal to RAM in GiB not GB. And if dual booting with windows a shared NTFS partition is also recommended. But you usually cannot create that as part of the install, just leave some space. Or partition in advance (recommended).
One advantage of partitioning in advance is that the installer will use the swap space to speed up the install. Thanks Herman for the tip.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DiskSpace


Wi-Fi device connected, but no signals detected?

Open the network manager in the system settings. Is there a wireless network (adapter) in the list? If yes, you may have disabled it with a hardware switch, which many laptops have as a dedicated switch or a keyboard combination. Otherwise we will have to look into possible driver problems.

Are you sure there are any wireless networks in range?


Insert text instead of icon in an indicator application

You will need c# bindings to libappindicator. You will probably need to generate these yourself using a tool like bindinator (meebey used this to generate the c# messagemenu bindings)

The help for the api is here

I have not used it myself but it looks like you would call the constructor

void (* new_label)

to create an indicator with a label but no icon.


TOR Icon to Display on Desktop or Activities Bar

If you mean launcher by activities bar, Simply you can open TOR from terminal and then find its icon on launcher and right click and choose lock to launcher.


Failed to use upstart to control startup dependency

and memcached means "and an event named memcached is emitted". I think you meant

start on runlevel [2345] and started memcached

However, this will also fail you because the 'runlevel 2' event will only be emitted once, at boot time (or whenever you return from single user mode). What you probably actually mean is just

start on started memcached

The runlevel [2345] is implied by the fact that memcached will only be started on runlevel [2345]. However, this is also a fairly limited approach. What if you move memcached off these boxes so they can run on a dedicated memcached cluster? Now you can't control boot order. The better approach is for your application to be fault tolerant and handle the lack of memcached gracefully.

Whether this means alerting your load balancer to not send traffic to this node, or just sending back a "please wait" ajax spinner to your users, this will lead to less pages for your ops guys, and more resilience for your application in general.


Editing bash.bashrc file and reinstating file copy

Perform a backup

cp ~/.bashrc ~/.bashrc.bak

Make your changes
Re-check the changed .bashrc and activate

with

source ~/.bashrc

or simply start a new shell with

bash

Test the changes
If you experience problems restore the .bashrc

cp ~/.bashrc.bak ~/.bashrc

A source ~/.bashrc isn't helpful now. You have to logout and re-login


My .desktop file doesn't launch application

Found the solution I changed the Exec line to

Exec=/usr/bin/env LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pulse/extra/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pulse/pulseUi


Notebook just died when battery was empty

Its likely your battery literally ran out of power before the system could get the shutdown command issued, hence why it didnt shut down.  I'd recommend raising your critical level to 7% or 10%, and your low warning level to 20%.


How do I partition a drive using GParted ready for Ubuntu Server?

Got it working, using a very standard PC desktop partition configuration and Ubuntu 16.04. The cursor was a display driver problem. I had to route it through the VGA port using BIOS. Will be using ZFS for the RAID pool.

Having a proper server manual partition guide would still be nice and handy.

Edit:

This might help others: https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/advanced-installation.html.en-GB

... I guess that only I can help myself?


Ubuntu 16.04: NVIDIA drivers don't work for GTX 960M

I was facing same problem.
I use the same GPU.
Skylake and gtx960m

Here is how i fixed it.

Disable the secure boot and reboot
update the gl alternatives:
run

sudo update-alternatives --config x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf

choose the nvidia drivers you have. this is what it looks for me:

There are 3 choices for the alternative x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf (providing /etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu_GL.conf).

Selection    Path                                       Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/lib/nvidia-375/ld.so.conf              8604      auto mode
  1            /usr/lib/nvidia-375-prime/ld.so.conf        8603      manual mode
  2            /usr/lib/nvidia-375/ld.so.conf              8604      manual mode
  3            /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa/ld.so.conf   500       manual mode

Now your nvidia device files should be created in /dev.
In case you are stuck in login-loop, just purge and install nvidia drivers again and login by logging into tty1

sudo apt-get --purge remove nvidia-*
apt-cache search nvidia

(you will find some versions of drivers - choose one to test install)

sudo service lightdm stop
sudo apt-get install nvidia-375 (for example)
sudo service lightdm start

Everything works.


I need a program like Microsoft silverlight?

According to the Wiki you should be able to install Moonlight using the package manager.


I had a strange requirement (when I reboot, the UEFI boot menu does not display on my external monitor and I don't want to have to hope up my docked laptop each time I reboot).  So I have UEFI only boot to Grub and then use Grub to choose between Ubuntu and Windows.  An added benefit, I can select the next boot option from within Windows and Ubuntu.

In my BIOS, I set Ubuntu as the only boot option (removing Windows from the menu).

In Ubuntu, I moved Grub from /boot to /boot/efi/EFI (which is a FAT32 partition created by Windows).

Here are the steps I went through to install Grub into the EFI partition (/dev/nvme0n1 is the disk Windows is installed which contains the EFI parition, nvme0n1p2; Ubuntu is on nvme2n1):

grub-install --boot-directory=/boot/efi/EFI --efi-directory=/boot/efi /dev/nvme0n1
cp -R /boot/grub/* /boot/efi/EFI/grub/
mv /boot/grub /boot/grub.old
ln -s /boot/efi/EFI/grub /boot/grub
grub-set-default 2 # The auto-detected Windows boot option
cp /boot/grub/grubenv /boot/grub/grubenv.windows
grub-set-default 0 # The first boot option -- Ubuntu
cp /boot/grub/grubenv /boot/grub/grubenv.linux

Now, if I want to boot to Windows, I run:

sudo cp /boot/grub/grubenv.windows /boot/grub/grubenv
sudo reboot

If I want to boot to Linux, I run:

mountvol x: /S
copy /Y x:\EFI\grub\grub.linux x:\EFI\grub\grubenv
mountvol x: /D
shutdown /r

Bonus benefit: I can be remote (via RDP or SSH) and reboot into my other OS.


Why is apt no longer updating the kernel?

You have probably removed linux metapackage by accident. If so, that should be fixed by:

sudo apt-get install linux

Further explanation:

Because of technical reasons it's not wise for the kernels to be upgraded and replaced with the new one (i.e. let's say if the new one fails you may still boot into the old one).
Thus they are packaged under the names like linux-image-3.2.0-24-generic.

So, if you upgrade the system, technically there is no update to this version! Unless you install the linux metapackage which always depends on the latest kernel, meaning that whenever an update to the kernel is available, linux will change version, and it will depend on the newer kernel, and thus the new kernel will be automatically installed.

Remember that your older kernel won't be removed this way, which is a good thing. If you find anything odd you may boot into the old one (grub -> Previous versions or something like that) and remove the new kernel.


How to share my deskop / screen to XMBC?

Do a Google search on VNC and go from there.

In short: you need a vnc-server running on your Ubuntu laptop and a vnc-client on the Pi


How to get average network load instead of instant

If you want a program to give you a good digest of network activity, vnstat is probably what you what; as I note below you can use a program called vnstati to give you a graph of a specified time frame from the vnstat database.

First, download the programs:

sudo apt-get install vnstat vnstati

Set up the database initially if the interface you want to monitor is eth0; you can use this command to update the database later:

sudo vnstat -u -i eth0

If your default interface is not eth0, you can change it either by editing the default interface entry in /etc/vnstat.conf or simply by creating a .vnstat file in your home folder and adding Interface "eth1" at the top of the file.

Vnstat monitors your network usage on the specified adapter, although you can see the live details by entering:

vnstat -l -i eth0

You can also view statistics from the command line by the hour, week, month, etc (although it is best to do a database update first with the sudo command further above). Here is an example command to display the daily usage: (substitute d for h for hourly, w for weekly)

vnstat -d -i eth0

A lot more statistical analysis is available with vnstat, see man vnstat or the Ubuntu manpages online.

See the graphs from vnstati below using the following commands to show hourly usage and daily usage: (You can also show weekly, monthly, etc, times and display the data in different ways) (Again do a database update with vnstat before running these vnstati commands)

vnstati -h -i eth1 -o net.png
vnstati -d -i eth1 -o net2.png

(The first graph is somewhat blank as I've only just started using vnstat and by the way my default interface is eth1, whereas yours is probably eth0)

For more options on vnstati and all the statistics from the vnstat database that it can output, see man vnstati and the Ubuntu manpages online.


How to install LBP Printer driver in Ubuntu 16.04LTS?

LBP2900 in 32-bit Ubuntu 16.04 (LTS)

http://www.canon-europe.com/support/consumer_products/products/printers/laser/i-sensys_lbp2900.aspx?type=drivers&language=EN&os=Linux%20(32-bit)

# wget -c http://gdlp01.c-wss.com/gds/6/0100004596/04/Linux_CAPT_PrinterDriver_V270_uk_EN.tar.gz
# tar xf Linux_CAPT_PrinterDriver_V270_uk_EN.tar.gz
# dpkg -i Linux_CAPT_PrinterDriver_V270_uk_EN/32-bit_Driver/Debian/cndrvcups-common_3.20-1_i386.deb Linux_CAPT_PrinterDriver_V270_uk_EN/32-bit_Driver/Debian/cndrvcups-capt_2.70-1_i386.deb

# lpadmin -p LBP2900 -m CNCUPSLBP2900CAPTK.ppd -v ccp://localhost:59687 -E

# ls -la /dev/usb
total 0
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     60 Dec  2 22:38 .
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root   4400 Dec  2 22:38 ..
crw-rw----  1 root lp   180, 0 Dec  2 22:38 lp0

# ccpdadmin -p LBP2900 -o /dev/usb/lp0

# ccpdadmin

Usage:
  ccpdadmin [-p Printer-name -o Printer-dev-path]
  ccpdadmin [-x Remove-Printer-name]

 CUPS_ConfigPath = /etc/cups/
 LOG Path        = None
 UI Port         = 59787

 Entry Num  : Spooler   : Backend   : FIFO path     : Device Path   : Status
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     [0]    : LBP2900   : ccp       : //localhost:59687     : /dev/usb/lp0  :

# lpr -P LBP2900 testpage-a4.ps
# lpq -a
Rank    Owner   Job     File(s)                         Total Size
active  root    64      testpage-a4.ps                  7168 bytes

# systemctl status -l cups |tail -99

Troubleshooting

lpq -a |tail -n+2 |awk '{print $3}' |while read job; do cancel $job; done
ccpdadmin -x LBP2900; lpadmin -x LBP2900; rm -rf -- /var/cache/cups/* /var/spool/cups/*; systemctl restart cups; sleep 2; systemctl restart ccpd
killall -9 captmon2
lsmod |grep usblp
ps -ef|grep -E "ccpd|captmon"

lpstat  -a
lpinfo -v

Notes

Never try printing a pdf as a test since it may make you feel your setup (drivers, config) is not working, whilst lpr simply cannot directly print a pdf as a test.
Restart a printer itself (physically), it may really help you.


Fresh install won't boot throwing "error: end of disk"

I would start with testing your hardware. It is probably not RAM but I would test that first anyway to prove it isn't a problem.

Next I would move onto the hard drive. You could try the diagnostics on the Ultimate Boot CD. There is a tool for most brands of hard drive. The other thing I would recommend is to try a different hard drive in your machine. Also changing USB cables if this is a desktop machine.

Hopefully at some point during this process you isolated the problem. If not then I think it is probably a software issue not hardware.


How do I change ownership of a folder in my downloads folder?

If currently you are the owner of this folder (or you have the permissions) and you want to change it to another user
then you can use

chown user /home/downloads/folder

If you are not owner of this folder then you have to become root or user sudo command to change the owner

sudo chown user /home/downloads/folder


I got a "Failed to copy files... Possibly an old hard hard drive..." error during installation and now it says my hard drive is full

Not an answer, but a step forward maybe:

I hope that USB flash drive is a "Live CD", if it is, boot it in 'Try it out'-mode and then  open a bash/Terminal with e.g. CTRL+ALT+T

In there, at the $ prompt, type

lsblk

The response should look similar to this:

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 232,9G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0   487M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2   8:2    0 200,5G  0 part /
└─sda3   8:3    0    32G  0 part [SWAP]
...
sdg      8:96   1   1,9G  0 disk
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

edit: added sdg and sr0 above
sdg is how an not yet partitioned device looks. It may have a partition *table* though.
sr0 is a CD/DVD R/W device
With partitions added to the 1.9GB microSD card, in card reader:

sdg      8:96   1   1,9G  0 disk
├─sdg1   8:97   1   1,8G  0 part
└─sdg2   8:98   1    99M  0 part

From comment below:
It looks as if you have an 1.9G disk - you need in the range of 6-10G when the install of 14.04 LTS is finished - judging from the content of my /.

You need to use 'gparted' to remove what there is now - while you're at it you will see what gparted says about the disk.

one more edit

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdg bs=512 count=1

would wipe ALL partition data from the 1.9GB microSD card above. IMPORTAN NOTE If you attempt this - be VERY SURE THAT YOU TYPE WHAT YOU SHOULD - it will wipe the disk you type the name of - which might be something else than the one you intended.

In the end, if it differs from what actually is, and you cannot tweak it to be correct - then the disk is suspect and might be faulty.

...
If you can make it work that way, you might try defining the partitions yourself:
Make /swap (4-8G? Depending on your RAM) and /boot (1-2G), the rest for /

what is above is my setup on a "256G" SSD-disk.
I have a separate disk mounted at /home for all my data, but that isn't necessary for a 'low data space' installation.


How to uninstall Ubuntu 9.10 from Win XP / Wubi?

If you want to uninstall a Wubi installation, you can do so from within Windows the same way you would uninstall a program from windows. Its somewhere in control panel. Read this for more information

To uninstall a non Wubi installation, try using OS-uninstaller. You need to boot into a live CD or another Ubuntu installation to us it. OS-uninstaller will not be able to detect a Wubi installation and therefore runs no risk of damaging it.


If you look at the top of your screen on the desktop, you should see a small box with "En" written on it - if you have English as your keyboard layout. Click on it, after that you should see a drop-down list. Click on "text entry settings". This should open a text entry window. On the left of the window, there is a box called "Input sources to use". Click on the "+" option and you should find a Latvian keyboard layout. Hope this helped!


Ubuntu 12.04 Server install fails, loops to restart

what about using the alternate installer? I've had unexplained issues before and the alt seems to work better.

http://releases.ubuntu.com/12.04/ubuntu-12.04.2-alternate-amd64.iso.torrent


Lubuntu 13.04, kernel still 3.8.0-32-generic

In System Preferences in the main menu, open the application Software & Updates.

In Software & Updates, select the tab Updates, and at the bottom, click on the dropdown menu for When there are other updates: and select the option Display immediately.

After this, run Software Updates, and the dialog asking if you want to install Saucy should show up again.


Xubuntu 16 Conky breaks notifications and menus

Nevermind, figured it out. Changed own_window_type from panel to dock


The most detailed guides I can find are:

Kernel Boot Command-Line Parameter Reference
from Greg Kroah-Hartman's book, Linux Kernel in a Nutshell (should be a pretty durable link)

and

The kernel.org boot parameter documentation

These contain many possible boot parameters with explanations of what they do, but neither seems to be exhaustive.

@Anwar also helpfully pointed out

The GNU GRUB manual

which is quite extensive, although my interpretation of your question is that you want to know about kernel params you can pass via GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT rather than configuring GRUB itself.


how to copy directory with wildcard to another folder

That's because your $HOME is not /home. It is a sub-directory of /home with the same name as your user. So, if your user name is mootensai, your $HOME is /home/mootensai. To avoid these errors, you can simply use ~ or $HOME both of which are your actual home directory. For example, on my system:

$ echo ~
/home/terdon
$ echo $HOME
/home/terdon

The next problem is that if you are copying multiple files, you want to make sure the last file is a directory. Otherwise, each file you copy will overwrite the last one and you will end up with only one file.

Anyway, the commands you want are:

Create the backup directory

mkdir ~/backup

Copy the files over

cp -r ~/zone* ~/backup

If, as is most likely the case, you are in your $HOME, you can simply do this:

cp -r zone* backup


How to install my download program to the system meun on GNOME 3.14?

Once the application is opened, it'll show up in the dash (the bar to the right of your screen).  Right-click the icon and click "Lock to Launcher")

Have a look at How to Install Software on Ubuntu for a Windows User as well as this might help you too!


I bought Alfa AWUS036NHR v2 wireless adapter but couldn't install the drive

I suspect that you tried to install a different driver because your device won’t connect. However, this circa-2011 driver won’t compile in any recent Ubuntu version.

I suspect that the required driver is already included in all recent Ubuntu versions. You can check from the terminal:

lsmod | grep rtl

If you find that both rtl8192cu and rtl8xxxu are loaded, then blacklist one:

sudo -i
echo "blacklist rtl8192cu"  >>  /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
exit

You will probably also need a change to Network Manager:

sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

Add a new section as follows:

[device]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

After making these changes, reboot and let us hear the result.


What does a2enmod proxy_fcgi setenvif do?

OK, a2enmod is a script that enables the specified module within the apache2 configuration.

The module proxy_fcgi provides support for the FastCGI protocol. The associated setenvif sets the variables sent to the FastCGI.

The a2enconf script enables the specified configuration file within apache2, in this case php7.0-fpm (which I assume configures PHP 7.0 - I've not played with this one).

Hope that helps.


Remove LAMMP with PHP7 in Ubuntu 16.04LTS

You should remove all php7 packages as well check the installed packages with apt list --installed | grep "php" and remove them.