Okay I've managed to fix it. If your also getting a segmentation fault when running gtk-window-decorator then this may solve the issue.

It appears that the ~/.gconf/apps/compiz-1 and compizconfig-1 folders are the culprit of this problem. I deleted them both and logged in and out again. This will create the two folders again and stop the borders missing issue and you can now happily carry on as usual.

You may want to backup your apps folder to put back some settings. I wanted my launcher back the same way and so I...

copied the 'unityshell' folder from the ~/.gconf/apps/compiz-1/plugins/ directory as well as from the ~/compizconfig-1/profiles/Default/plugins directory. Then pasted the two 'unityshell' folders back in their newly created compiz-1 and compizconfig-1 folders respectively and this gave me back my nice unity dock.

Have funzies!


How Ubuntu does encrypt user's password?

See man crypt, which says, in part:

NOTES
Glibc notes
   The  glibc2  version  of  this  function supports additional encryption
   algorithms.

   If salt is a character  string  starting  with  the  characters  "$id$"
   followed by a string terminated by "$":

          $id$salt$encrypted

   then  instead  of  using  the DES machine, id identifies the encryption
   method used and this then determines  how  the  rest  of  the  password
   string is interpreted.  The following values of id are supported:

          ID  | Method
          ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
          1   | MD5
          2a  | Blowfish (not in mainline glibc; added in some
              | Linux distributions)
          5   | SHA-256 (since glibc 2.7)
          6   | SHA-512 (since glibc 2.7)

   So    $5$salt$encrypted    is   an   SHA-256   encoded   password   and
   $6$salt$encrypted is an SHA-512 encoded one.

   "salt" stands for the up to 16 characters following "$id$" in the salt.
   The  encrypted  part  of  the  password  string  is the actual computed
   password.  The size of this string is fixed:


Firstly, get the silent installer script for your system type.
For instructions on how to check your system type, read this.
Open your terminal by typing Ctrl+Alt+T then type or copy&paste the following command:

32-bit OS:

wget http://installer.jdownloader.org/JD2SilentSetup_x86.sh

64-bit OS:

wget http://installer.jdownloader.org/JD2SilentSetup_x64.sh

Wait untill the download finishes, then give it executable permission and run it (don't forget to change JD2SilentSetup*.sh to the correct file name):

chmod +x JD2SilentSetup*.sh
./JD2SilentSetup*.sh

It'll bring up the install wizard. Follow the instructions and it will install automatically for you.
Thanks to Ji M for posting instructions on UbuntuHandBook.
Thanks to @MemPrices for letting us know that the necessary Java packages come built in the SH installer, so users don't have to install it beforehand.


Just do one change

network give 192.168.1.0/24

Hope this will help you


How to resize lock-screen background using the command line on ubuntu 18.04?

try

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver picture-options "scaled"


linux ssh error while connecting to the host

Did you purchase an SSL certificate from GoDaddy and then read tutorials on how to install it for your particular server? It seems like you altogether did not install the SSL certificate properly.


Using the same address range for both networks is a great misconfiguration.

I suggest:

Use 192.168.1.0/24 (that means 192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1.255) for your
office.
Use 192.168.2.0/24 (or any other private network, but not 192.168.1.0/24) at home.
Check that the address range your PPTP-server manages (192.168.1.110-200) is NOT managed by the DHCP servers (if any) on your networks.


How do I delete a directory listed in terminal as "Documents\ (2)"

The directory listed in terminal as Documents\ (2) in GUI will look like Documents (2), you can delete it by executing:

rm -r "Documents (2)"

This is a recursive delete, it will erase everything inside the folder and the folder itself. Also you can use the Tab key to autocomplete the name of the folder in your terminal and also you can drag the file to the terminal and then the path to the file will appear there.


Why is Ubuntu Software Center dropping previously provided applications?

UPDATE:  Reading through one of the bug reports I was able to get mine back up and working with the following steps.  You might want to try it as well.  This is only a temporary work around, as it doesn't last too long and you would probably have to run it again.

Open a terminal window Ctrl+Alt+T and run the following lines:

pkill gnome-software
sudo rm -r /var/cache/app-info
sudo appstreamcli refresh --force --verbose

Then relaunch the gnome-software center.

Unfortunately this is a bug in the gnome-software application.  Here are a couple so far that I was able to find related to this:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-software/+bug/1589970

and

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-software/+bug/1579415

As an alternative you could use the Synaptic Package Manager.

sudo apt install synaptic

Or you could use the original Ubuntu Software Center that still works just not fully updated (No longer available in 18.04):

sudo apt install software-center


How to install glibc-devel in ubuntu-12.04?

Possible duplicate of How do I get the libc  development libraries?

Run the command from the terminal sudo apt-get install build-essential

The build package should also install the libc6-devel package for you as a dependency.


Ubuntu Server: Have english as language but french as locale?

Create the French locale unless you haven't done so already:

sudo locale-gen fr_CH.UTF-8

Then update /etc/default/locale using this command:

sudo update-locale LC_NUMERIC=fr_CH.UTF-8 LC_TIME=fr_CH.UTF-8 LC_MONETARY=fr_CH.UTF-8

It will be effective at next login or reboot.


Can't boot into Windows 7 after installing Ubuntu 12.04

First you should report a "GRUB can't boot Windows" bug here.
Then boot on a Windows CD (32bits or 64bits) then type bootrec /fixmbr and bootrec /fixboot to repair direct access to Windows.
Finally use Boot-Repair to recover the GRUB menu.


How to Install php 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.14 on Ubuntu 12.04

TRY:

Update your respositories:

sudo apt-get update

Download and install from respositories:

sudo apt-get install php5 php5-common php5-cli php5-dev php5-mysql phpmyadmin php5-pgsql phppgadmin php5-gd php5-mcrypt php5-curl php-pear libapache2-mod-php5 php5-xdebug php5-codesniffer

ALTERNATIVE:

Download PHP5.3.10 from here:

5.3.10-1unbuntu3.15: http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise-updates/i386/php5-gd/download

5.3.10-1unbuntu3.14: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/precise/i386/php5-gd/5.3.10-1ubuntu3.14

To Install:

ubuntu3.14 version: dpkg -i php5-gd_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.15_i386.deb
ubuntu3.15 version: dpkg -i php5-gd_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.15_i386.deb

If you get any errors configuring, depending on error you have to install dependencies:

http://zgadzaj.com/how-to-install-php-53-and-52-together-on-ubuntu-1204

Consider looking this article about PHP Downgrades:

How to downgrade from PHP 5.4 to 5.3

Good Luck!


Why are you wondering that a computer with an old graphics card and 2GB of slow RAM can't run a desktop with effects enabled?

I would say you need reflect here on what are you needs and what you would like to see happening depending on you definition of really slow and when that happens.

Test your hard disk for speeds and access time, a slow hard drive will make the results on the dash hard to load and that might slow down accessing it;
Create a file (or edit a present one) in you home folder with the name .xprofile with your favourite text editor, ie: nano ~/.xprofile and add

export UNITY_LOW_GFX_MODE=1

This will load Unity without the special effects that it normally uses making it more responsive
Test another desktop environment, XFCE and LXDE are much littler on effects and would speed up computer usage and tasking in your case.

For a more complete list and comparison of different desktop environments and shells please have a look at What kinds of desktop environments and shells are available?

It will help decide and install a different desktop environment on your system, consider any of the following first: XFCE, LXDE or GNOME Classic.


Is clean formatting a pre-installed Windows 8 system and dual booting Windows and Ubuntu in Legacy worth it?

First try to make your dualboot work by following the instructions of this page. If still not good, try step 2 below.
Disable UEFI in your BIOS, then format your hard disk, install Windows. Boot into Windows, via its partitioning tools reduce its partition to 100GB. Then install Ubuntu in the remaining space. You should now have a working dualboot. If any issue, please indicate your Boot-Info URL.


Either use the power icon in your top panel and choose Suspend:

or run

sudo pm-suspend

from the command line.


Which wireless card are you using?

Reply with the output from the following command:  lspci


Here it says you can access it with:
systemctl reboot --firmware-setup

Linux on UEFI - how to reboot to the UEFI setup screen like Windows 8 can? | Super User
systemctl | freedesktop.org


Is it possible to avoid the question at softwarechoice during installation?

I have found a solution in preseed:

tasksel tasksel/first multiselect minimal
tasksel tasksel/skip-tasks multiselect lubuntu-desktop xorg

This does what i want - minimal installation without X. I don't know which line is necessary. Perhaps both are.


I work at Rackspace and would be happy to help out here! Email me at mw at Rackspace dot com any time.

mw @ Rackspace . com. Email any time!


Plasma shadows

The Plasma 4/5 shadows are set in the plasma theme. From the KDE TechBase  - https://techbase.kde.org/Development/Tutorials/Plasma/Theme :

  A feature of Plasma is the ability to theme desktop elements using
  Scalable Vector Graphics (SVGs)...

Plasma 4 theme details: https://techbase.kde.org/Development/Tutorials/Plasma4/ThemeDetails

Plasma 5 theme details: https://techbase.kde.org/Development/Tutorials/Plasma5/ThemeDetails

Same kind of: https://www.kubuntuforums.net/showthread.php?68242-Drop-shadows


You need to add the directory to PATH:
PATH=$PATH:/libfm-1.42.src/bin/

After adding it, you can run libFM instead of ./libFM. The latter will search for libFM in the current working dir only.
See also


file name extension capitalization is being altered

W95 FAT32 is not case sensitive but is case preserving
This means FAT32 cannot have two files with names like SLOTS.nc and SLOTS.NC. However, if you name your file SLOTS.nc, the system will preserve that information.
I am not sure why ls slots* does not work with SLOTS.nc in FAT32 file system. This has to do with bash expanding the *.
But any case combination of the full file name such as ls SlOtS.nS returns that specific case combination when the file system is FAT32.
Here is a similar question in the Superuser site you may find useful.
This is not an issue with native files systems used by Ubuntu such as ext4
ext4 and other files systems natively used by Ubuntu are case sensitive. That is, SLOTS.ns and SlOtS.nS are completely separate files.
Hope this helps


I wondered where 'Sticky Edges' checkbox had gone too.. so pleased someone asked this already. Solution is easier than I thought.
Sticky works on outside edges of both monitors (x-left & x-right) by default but the inner edges don't bind.
Discovered by accident that dragging window across threshold between monitors will create a 'snap' halo in much the same way a sticky edge would.
If the halo is snapped to the wrong side, make a slight move to correctly align it on the desired monitor & then release mouse button.
Sticky is stuck.


Cannot install wine and playonlinux due to 404 errors?

"Not found" errors from the official repositories are usually a sign that your local package list is out of date. If this is a very new install (as your post suggests) this is even more likely. The installer really aught to do this but there you go.

Run a sudo apt-get update (or use a graphical package manager to update) and you should find that those sorts of errors evaporate.


how to mount /var/log/ to separate partition?

I had to use the UUIDs in fstab. Without them it swapped nvme1n1p1 with nvme2n1p1 and vice versa every start so the partition was always busy and couldn't be mounted. I've never seen such a behavior before. I made countless reboots with the UUIDs and now it works just fine


Win7 -> Ubuntu on Media Server w/ Multiple Drives Help

I attempted this leaving the NTFS file system in place, but ultimately decided to reformat to ext4 and do a fresh install of Ubuntu in place of Win7 for this machine. It worked fine with the NTFS, but I felt any future troubleshooting would be easier using the ext4 file system.


To change the font or font size in GTK applications in KDE you can use the Gnome/GTK Application Style settings.

You can access these settings in System Settings > Application Style > GNOME / GTK Application Style.  You can also find it in the Application Launcher.

You will notice that you have options to set a completely different theme for GTK2 and GTK3 applications.  You will also have the option to change the font (and font size) in GTK applications.  This will affect the menus in GTK applications like Mozilla Firefox.

Before Settings Change:

After Settings Change:

To address your concern about running applications as root: you do not need to run anything as root to make this change.  The settings can be changed and adjusted through the regular system settings.


How to configure my keyboard shortcuts?

To create keyboard shortcuts, edit your ~/.fluxbox/keys file with a text editor.

For details on the format of this file, see man fluxbox-keys.


Ubuntu 16.0.4 live flash drive not working

Mkusb should work if anything will. problem is it is Linux only ... except:

There is now an experimental mkusb image that can be installed to USB using Windows Image Writer.

See https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1958073&p=13580365#post13580365
The download is under 300MB.

The finished USB contains a mini Debian OS with mkusb and guidus and not much else installed.

The drive can be used to make a sophisticated persistent Flash drive that works with UEFI and BIOS.

You can alternately boot the Ubuntu Live optical disk, install mkusb or guidus and use that to make a persistent flash drive.


get error while sudo apt update in ubuntu 18.04

Have you added any third party repository? If yes, please try remove or disable them. Also, clear your "apt" cache and. To the steps bellow, you need to open a terminal and be confortable with it.

To remove/clean third party repositories:

If they were added as includes to "sources.list":

sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*

If they are in the "sources.list" file:

Edit the file:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Remove any entry that it's not from "canonical.com" or "ubuntu.com" (press CTRL+K to remove the line you're at the moment - look at the cursor)
Save the file and exit (press CTRL+X and confirm saving)

Clean up the "apt" cache folder (this will remove the folder):
sudo rm -Rf /var/cache/apt

After the steps above, try running the command apt update, see if there are any errors left and let us know.
Best regards.


Kubuntu 20.10 does not hibernate when I close laptop

As per your answers, I suggest you try the following:

Make sure you have a swap partition at least as large as your RAM size (and please confirm you did so).

Install pm-utils and hibernate.

Add file /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla with the following contents
[Re-enable hibernate by default in upower]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

[Re-enable hibernate by default in logind]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate;org.freedesktop.login1.handle-hibernate-key;org.freedesktop.login1;org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-multiple-sessions;org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-ignore-inhibit
ResultActive=yes

Execute sudo pm-hibernate.

I have Ubuntu 20.04 and this works.
I am not certain this would avoid the freezes you get, but I guess it is worth trying.
Sources:
https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/ubuntu-help/power-hibernate.html
http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/how-to-enable-hibernate-in-ubuntu-linux
https://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2018/05/add-hibernate-option-ubuntu-18-04/


ubuntu boot stick black screens after removing python3, what should i do?

You destroyed your system beyond easy repair.

Essential system components, including apt, use Python3. DO NOT remove or alter the system-provided version of Python2 and Python3 - your system requires those.

Use a LiveUSB to backup your data to some other media.
Then reinstall.


Fingerprint Login option does not show in Ubuntu 20.10

I have the same issue on HP envy 13-aq1013dx and do not know how to fix it, I suppose that there are no drivers installed for the fingerprint reader I have on my PC. It would be great if anybody could help!


It looks like you're already running something to install a package.  Make sure you don't have Ubuntu Software Center or apt-get running when you try this.  Also make sure you're using sudo apt-get not apt-get.


Other answers have addressed your options while installing and the issue of Ubuntu accessing the Internet. The key points are that it's a good idea to test Ubuntu first on the live CD/DVD/USB (same as what you use to install from), and that your options are explained in various resources that explain how to install it, like this.
I'd like to address the question about whether or not you can connect to your router's setup page and configure it, from Ubuntu.
Yes.
You can access your router's setup page. You do not need a special, compatible router.
This is just a web page--the router is itself a machine on your network, and it is running a web server. Any machine that can browse the web can access this.
Some devices are configured by plugging them into a computer with a USB cable. Often Windows-only software is necessary to perform this configuration, and this is usually not possible with Ubuntu. Some routers provide this as one way to configure them. But even if your router has a USB port, you don't have to use that to configure it.
If your router lets you connect to it in a web browser on Windows, you can do the same thing in Ubuntu.
It's possible to design a web page that can only be used by clients on certain operating systems. But routers don't have that sort of client-side active content. Their setup pages are relatively simple, as web pages go. The authentication that is performed is done through universal web protocols. You're good.
You should be aware, though, that being able to connect to the router is not actually the same thing as being able to connect to the Internet through it.
When you access the Internet through your router, your router's web-based setup page is not actually being used. You can use it to change settings that affect (or even disable and enable) your Internet connection. But when you open a web page other than your router's setup page (and I'm specifically thinking of page whose web server is in a remote location on the Internet), or update Ubuntu, or use instant messaging or bittorrent, or play an online game... the data that's transmitted and received does not go through the router's web page. It goes through the router, but the web page is just there for configuration.


I ran the wrong command in Terminal, it should be make -C /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build M=$(pwd) modules It does work now.


Security benefits to force users to change their password at first login

Assume you give the user their first password using some insecure media, like email or papernote. If someone (let's say Eve) happens to see that note, she could login with the same password.

Making password a one-time-password removes the possibility of a second login. And if the wrong person makes the first login, well you are likely to found out soon enough anyway.


$ lsof /dev/video0

Should tell you which processes are accessing the device, if any.


1. Simple solution
I solved this problem later by installing
linux-modules-nvidia-460-5.4.0-66-generic
where Linux kernel 5.4.0-66-generic and nvidia-driver-460 were installed.
I found that there was no nvidia kernel driver under /lib/modules/5.4.0-66-generic, where the kernel modules are. So, I searched for the package of nvidia kernel module.
2. Why 5.4.0-62-generic works?
There were nvidia kernel driver modules under /lib/modules/5.4.0-62-generic/updates/dkms. I searched for the origin by dpkg -S, but it had no information.
After some investigation, I found that linux-headers-${linux-version-and-build} triggers to compile dkms and install updates/dkms. And I found that linux-headers-5.4.0-66-generic package was not installed automatically, while linux-headers-5.4.0-62-generic was installed due to the package dependency.
What makes the problem more difficult
It seems that current FBDEV cannot drive RTX 3070.
I tried to change screen using Cttl + Alt + Function key but the screen was freezed.


Can a vanilla Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Server run without snapd?

snapd is seeded in the default install so as to enable snaps to be installed without further work. However, no part of the base install is a snap (you can verify via snap list, it should return no snaps). Because of this, snapd can be safely removed with no ill side effects (Update: As of 18.04 this isn't the case, various apps such as the calculator are snaps, you'll need to install the deb version of them if you want them back):
sudo apt purge snapd

It will probably leave some dependencies lying around. You may want to remove them as well:
sudo apt autoremove


for unetbootin, on Ubuntu 19.04, PPA: gezakovacs does work

Also, for those on Ubuntu 19.04 who cannot install the unetbootin app, I suggest that they do a Google on "unetbootin-linux64-661.bin' and download this progam to their bin area and execute it and it works well on 19.04.


Why does time change in Ubuntu after installing Windows

Because of the way the two operating systems set the hardware clock. by Default ubuntu uses UTC, and windows localtime.

So when you shut down, your hard ware clock is set to say "13:00". When you boot, windows sees "13:00" as localtime, so 1 PM, but Ubuntu sees that as UTC and so converts the time back from UTC to local time.

You can fix this by either asking windows to set the hardware clock with UTC, or Ubuntu to use localtime.

to make the change in Ubuntu, edit edit /etc/default/rcS and change

UTC=yes to no, like this:

# assume that the BIOS clock is set to UTC time (recommended)
UTC=no

See:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuTime#Multiple_Boot_Systems_Time_Conflicts


Lenovo e520 won't start with new hard disk

I found a solution to get the new disk work.

I booted with the Ubuntu 17.04 iso via usb stick.

sudo bash
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt  # sda1 is the new installation which did not boot
cd /mnt/
mount -t proc proc proc/
mount -t sysfs sys sys/
mount -o bind /dev dev/
chroot .
grub-install
update-grub
exit # exit chroot
reboot


Touchpad sensitivty too high: 18.04.1 on Dell Latitude E7240

For me on my system, I tried loads of distributions but discovered that the latest Kubuntu comes with lots of touchpad adjustments. However, they are greyed out.

  I had to run

sudo apt install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

  and then reboot. After that the adjustments weren't greyed out. And I managed to sort out the jumping pointer. I found this on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qMq-g82SEo

  I have no idea if this will work for everyone. But it did work on my Dell e7240, 8Gb, 128 Gb SSD, i5.

Source: posted as a comment by OP


Nintendo 64, mupen64plus: cannot configure controller

You should ask this question on the mupen64 forums, asking us will get you nowhere.

It's probably mupen64s fault.


Fan Control - Toshiba Satellite e45DW -c4210

So, I tried the drivers, and it said that my os is not compatible. I found that indicator-cpufreq helps, it looks like my cpu governor was set to performance, I can manually set the frequency and the laptop runs much quieter!


How to both display a command line's output on console and save the output into a text file?

You can use the tee command to accomplish this.

sudo apt-get install someapp 2>&1 | tee ~/someappInstall.txt

Look here for more info, or execute man tee

Note: As others have mentioned, 2>&1 is necessary to redirect STDERR to STDOUT to catch any errors.  See this StackOverflow question for a good explanation of what 2>&1 actually does.


Sound not working after installing PCI video card and then removing it

I ran the Ubuntu CD to repair installation and that fixed the issue.


Failed to download repository information, check your internet connection

Ok, try this solution:

Go to Ubuntu Software Center, Chose Edit menu -> then chose Software Sources (last item in that menu). In software sources pop-up window under tab Ubuntu Software on bottom where is installable from CD-ROOM/DVD section uncheck Cd-room with Ubuntu 10.04 "Lucid Lynx". Make sure on second tab Other Software that check-box for Cd-room with Ubuntu 10.04 "Lucid Lynx" is unchecked too.
Run sudo apt-get update and problem should be solved.
Now if you're using desktop edition of 10.04 Lucid Lynx note that the support for this version of Ubuntu stopped in April 2013, so update to newer version (if you like LTS versions 12.04 would be the choice). If you run server edition 10.04 Lucid Lynx is supported till April 2015

Hope It solves your problem.


Do as the gdisk prompt suggests: Use the e option on the experts' (x) menu to relocate the data structures to the end of the disk. You can accomplish the same thing in parted or GParted if you prefer. IIRC, they do it semi-automatically, although they ask for confirmation.

Once you've moved the GPT backup data structures, you can resize your partition(s) using GParted.


How to configure unattended-upgrades with Canonical Livepatch

I asked something similar a while ago, which was redirected to this question.
But to elaborate, no you don't have to configure anything differently, because unattended-upgrades and livepatch works in different ways.

unattended-upgrades runs once per day, and by default includes security updates, including kernel updates which can't be livepatched.
livepatch runs periodically (multiple times per day), and only patches critical and high-risk kernel vulnerabilities.

It's actually quite few kernel vulnerabilites that are livepatched - in a 6-month timespan, I think there has only been 2 or 3 livepatches for 20.04 (kernel 5.4.0-xx).
So livepatches are actually rare occurences, where regular kernel updates are much more common - which still requires a reboot.
Hope that helps.


You missed a - in between texlive and full. The second command should be:

sudo apt-get install texlive-full

Hope this helps


Can I map a key (caps lock) so it does one thing pressed alone, and another when pressed with a second key?

I found an answer on unix.se at least to the Caps Lock/Ctrl/Esc part.

First remap Caps Lock to an extra Control by putting the following in ~/.profile

if [ $DISPLAY ]
then
  # Add the 3 lines below to Convert caps-lock into Control
  xmodmap -e 'remove Lock = Caps_Lock'
  xmodmap -e 'keysym Caps_Lock = Control_L'
  xmodmap -e 'add Control = Control_L'

  # and xcape is in Startup Applications
fi

Then go get xcape - you'll need to install the dependencies (see the README) and do make and sudo make install. And then it does what the README says:

  xcape runs as a daemon and intercepts the Control key. If the Control key is pressed and released on its own, it will generate an Escape key event.

I'm using it now and it's very nice :)

I guess a modified version could do the shift/parentheses thing as well.


Your WiFi chipset is an Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless-AC 8265. Check if iwlwifi is installed.

It seems that installing the generic package for Intel WiFi would not be enough and you will have to manually place the firmware for your WiFi chipset.

Download it: iwlwifi-8265-ucode-22.361476.0.tgz.

Unpack it and copy it in your /lib/firmware directory:

sudo cp ~/Downloads/iwlwifi-*.ucode /lib/firmware

And then load the driver with:

sudo modprobe iwlwifi

This information (and more) is available in linux wireless / iwlwifi


How to reinstall recently removed softwares?

Try the below:

cat /var/log/apt/history.log | grep 'apt-get remove' | cut -d" " -f4 | xargs apt-get install

What it does is, list all the packages that have been removed using 'apt-get remove' and then attempts to install them one by one.  You might also want to rerun this using 'purge' instead of 'remove'.

Note that, this will install ALL applications you have removed so far, not just the recent ones.  You can edit the history.log file to remove old entries and keep only the "recent" ones


How do I completely destroy grub/ ubuntu bios entry? Conventional methods not working

edit I made this answer after Eliah suggested I do so, however he has removed his comment in the meantime.

I suggest using efibootmgr to delete the entry:

sudo apt-get install efibootmgr

Please read its man page before doing anything with it:

man efibootmgr

The following excerpts are direct quotes from the man page and give some good clues about the use of efibootmgr:

Displaying the current settings (must be root).

$ sudo efibootmgr
BootCurrent: 0004
BootNext: 0003
BootOrder: 0004,0000,0001,0002,0003
Timeout: 30 seconds
Boot0000* Diskette Drive(device:0)
Boot0001* CD-ROM Drive(device:FF)
Boot0002* Hard Drive(Device:80)/HD(Part1,Sig00112233)
Boot0003* PXE Boot: MAC(00D0B7C15D91)
Boot0004* Linux

This shows:

BootCurrent  -  the  boot entry used to start the currently running system
BootOrder - the boot order as would appear in the  boot manager.   The  boot  manager  tries  to boot the first active entry in this list.  If unsuccessful,  it  tries the next entry, and so on.
BootNext  - the boot entry which is scheduled to be run on next boot.  This supercedes BootOrder for  one  boot only,  and  is  deleted by the boot manager after first use.  This allows you to change the next boot  behavior without changing BootOrder.
Timeout  -  the  time  in seconds between when the boot manager appears on the screen until when  it  automatically  chooses  the  startup  value  from  BootNext  or BootOrder.
Five  boot  entries  (0000  -  0004),  along  with  the active/inactive flag (* means active) and the name displayed on the screen.

Following are several examples at the bottom of the man page, with two of them being especially helpful:

3. Changing the Boot Order

Assuming  the  configuration in Example #1,

efibootmgr -o 3,4

could be called to specify PXE boot first, then Linux boot.

5. Deleting a boot option

Assuming the configuration in Example #1,

efibootmgr -b 4 -B

could  be  called  to  delete  entry 4 and remove it from the BootOrder.

Conclusion

The number you specify relates to the last number in the 4-digits-figure provided by sudo efibootmgr.


Is there a mail-server automatically installed with ubuntu?

No. Mail cron would normally send out would just get stuck in that user's local maildir and go no further.

If you want mail sent out, you need to install a mail server. Postfix is capable and secure and installing it is just an apt-get install postfix away.


Unable to open Ubuntu after installation on Sony Vaio

Delete all of the Ubuntu partitions that were created when you first installed it.
Start the install again and get to where you re-partition your drive.
Set up your partitions how you like them.
Before going on, towards the bottom of the window, choose to install the bootloader to the EFI system partition.
Continue with the install normally. When you restart your computer, grub should come up.

You can find more information about it here: http://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/

EDIT: Addressing the last part, try to open your BIOS by restarting your computer and pressing F2 until it appears. In the BIOS, (typically in the last menu) there should be an option to select a boot device. Here you can select a drive to re-install either Ubuntu or Windows 8.

Regarding the "Sony Vaio Care Rescue", couldn't you just follow through with this and restore your computer? I don't have experience with Sony Vaio computers, so correct me if I'm wrong.


You can use the environment to store the value, and use expect's env array to retrieve it:

var=$(curl -i http://www.vpnbook.com/freevpn | grep "Password: <strong>*")
export passwd=${var:26:8}
expect -c '
    spawn sudo openvpn --config vpnbook-euro2-tcp443.ovpn
    expect "Enter Auth Username:"
    send "vpnbook"
    expect "Enter Password: "
    send $env(passwd)
    interact
'


software-properties-gtk crashes on startup (19.10)

the solution was found for @DoubleSteakHouse
'Additional Drivers' stürzt ab › System einrichten und verwalten › Systemverwaltung, Installation, Aktualisierung
sorry german community
His/Her system looses the softlink /etc/os-release to /usr/lib/os-release
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/os-release /etc/os-release


Ubuntu : Disable access to file-manager, keyboard,mouse(Touch screen available) for guest account

look here. That should do the trick
lsmod | grep usb to list all usb modules being loaded right now and then unload these modules with sudo rmmod usb_whatever
look here here. But keep in mind, that if you disable that, it could lead to problems if the X-Server is not starting.
I think that is not needed because the guest has no right to see other files than its. But even if you disable nautilus or something else for the guest user, s/he can always use the terminal to navigate through the files. But purging the file manager would be the easiest way to reach that goal, i guess. Else, find the group that manages the access for nautilus and kick guest out off it.


You can boot into recovery mode. Choosing From Boot Menu. From there you can backup your data or try to update again.


How to dial Mobile Broadband Connection at particular time (Schedule Dial)?

You can set up a Cron job to to dial Mobile Broadband Connection at particular time.

Open terminal and type

crontab -e

It will open a cron configuration file.
Now add following at the end of this file.

00 00 * * * nmcli con up id '<BROADBAND CONNECTION NAME HERE>'

It will connect your  modem  at every 00 hour i.e 12 AM.


can i move the extended pertition and resize the ext4 partition to the rest of the disk

You can only merge partitions that are next to each other.

If you want to ditch the extended partition you also will need to ditch the swap partition. That will remove the extended partition. And only after sda5 is gone you will be able to merge the unallocated with the primary.

This will result in 1 big disk, and you will need to recreate the swap file with the mkswap.


keybind to toggle touchpad in lubuntu (openbox)

This works for me:

  #!/bin/sh
  TOGGLE=$HOME/.toggle

  if [ ! -e $TOGGLE ]; then
    touch $TOGGLE
    synclient TouchPadOff=1 &
  else
    rm $TOGGLE
    synclient TouchPadOff=0 &
  fi

exit 0

There doesn't seem to be need for grep. Also, I'm not too sure that Openbox likes Fn in  any rc.xml but see Nivatius' answer for how to use keypresses involving Fn. I've only ever used Super, Control, Alt, and Shift. I can bind that script to Control+Shift+F5, for example.

<keybind key="C-S-F5">        # Toggle touchpad
  <action name="Execute"><command>/home/dkb/bin/toggle-touchpad</command></action>
</keybind>


A script that is executed automatically when you start a shell seems to be broken. Based on your error message, it seems like it is .bashrc. Are you setting your $PATH in there? It seems like a } is missing in that statement.


Problem with ioctl() in a simple kernel module

A few things:

You want to use "unlocked_ioctl" not "compat_ioctl".
The function interface for "device_ioctl" is wrong (see include/linux/fs.h), it should be:

    long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);

The appln.c doesn't check error codes (open, ioctl).

After fixing that, the code will work fine.


There are a few alternatives to the polar night theme:

Noobslab - Ambiance Dark Red - red can be a good choice for a night theme, though generally with computers background lighting is a great idea.
Arc Dark - blue but cool.
Delorean Dark - still mainly blue though (gnome-look)
Sable Themes Suite - available in range of colors - also on DeviantArt.

Alternatively, you could also replace the theme colors (warning: can be lengthy and boring process). These are defined by hex strings such as #8EC3EB. So you can search

To do this a while ago I created a rough script to find them in files - it can be found here and can be used like this:

find /home/wilf/Downloads/polar-night-master/ -type f -exec /path/to/scriptfolder/grephexcolourcode {} \; | sort -u

Where /home/wilf/Downloads/polar-night-master/ is where the theme files are located, and /path/to/scriptfolder/grephexcolourcode is where the script is located (or just grephexcolourcode if it is in the $PATH).

You can then replace the colours using sed or similar - e.g:

sed -i 's/#8EC3EB/#EB8E8E/g' /path/to/theme/file

Or using find and replace in a program such as Gedit, BLuefish etc

An alternative is to use a normal dark theme (usually blueish - I use Arc-Darker), and then on top of that at night use something like redshift-gtk to make it more bearable at night. You can launch it with a command similar too:

redshift-gtk -l 55.7:12.6 -t 5700:3600 -g 0.8 -m randr -v

It will automatically change to be more red at night. This covers the entire screen, so works too with light areas themes can't effect easily (e.g. most webpages, documents etc) but due to blue light being filtered blue things will turn dark so not ideal for graphics work or some themes.


In the .csv format, one can specify that strings should be quoted. These quotes will not show up after you opened the .csv file in Calc.

To make sure that strings are quoted in the .csv file on disk, make sure to check "Quote all text cells" in the "Export Text File" dialog.

If you want to have quotes displayed in your column data (i.e., be part of the actual data), then "escape" the quotes using the same quoting sign. e.g., a string displayed in Calc as "string with spaces" will appear in the .csv file as ...,"""string with spaces""",... if you have chosen the same quote as delimiter in your .csv file.


How to run topcoder arena applet using proxy in Ubuntu 12.10?

Configure proxy settings in icedtea control panel. Search for icedtea in dash to get the control panel, then set the proxy settings in network category on left.


(gedit:1430): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display:

gedit is the official text editor of the GNOME desktop environment. Generally, in a server, there is no desktop environment installed or needed. Therefore, gedit can't start and display.

I suggest that you instead use nano.

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces


Canon G1010 driver installation on Ubuntu 20.04

For any Canon printer:
You will likely find a working driver for any Canon printer by installing the cups-backend-bjnp package. To install this packager, you can use Synaptic Package Manger (install it from Ubuntu software centre if needed). Open Synaptic, search for cups-backend-bjnp, mark it for installation and apply. Then you will find the drivers for your printer (or a similar working one) by selecting Canon in the Manufacturer section.


Ubuntu Server VirtualBox host-only adapter confusion (windows 7 host)

The host-only adapter allows the host and the VM to communicate with each other over the network. In other words, that is what is used when you SFTP to the /var/www directory. The host-only adapter in the VM must be on the same subnet as the virtual adapter on the host. On my system, it looks like this:

Host: 192.168.56.1

VM:   192.168.56.3

The NAT adapter in my VM has been assigned to 10.0.2.15, which doesn't match any of the adapters in the host.


To be more specific, you use the "link" command, ln.  As with most all commands/programs, you can use ln --help or man ln to get more information, but the main thing to know is that there are two types of links, hard links and symbolic (soft) links.

Symbolic links, using the -s switch, are like windows shortcuts.  You create a shortcut to the actual file, and if you delete the file, the link becomes invalid.

Hard links, the default, create a new entry for the file.  The main thing to know here is that although they both use the same actual data, each one is somewhat independent.  If you delete one, the other is still valid.  Basically, the file has a link count, and the actual data does not get deleted until all the links are deleted.


Why Ubuntu doesn't upgrade to the latest version of GnuPG?

You have the bug fix installed already. Version 1.4.14-1ubuntu2.1 is the update with the security fix, and it was released into the archive on December 18, 2013. You can see GnuPG on Launchpad for more details about which version is in which series and pockets.


ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'

I encountered that error while installing Nextcloud and wrote a small article on how I managed to fix HY000 [2002]. You can check it for details but I think it is worth to try these things first:

Disable SSL for now - go to /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf and comment this out: ssl=on
Ensure you can read and write to the socket: sudo chmod 777 /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
It may be, for some reason, that your socket is somewhere else. You can check where your server creates the socket in /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf file. Search for a line starting with socket =. If that's the case then change this line to point at /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

Don't forget to restart your mysql server after taking these steps with sudo systemctl restart mysql


Execute commands on a remote servers by 2 scripts

The reason it fails is that when you run something like

ssh user@remote command

The command is not only run on the remote machine, it is also searched for on the remote machine. Therefore, when you run ./conn.sh cmd.sh, you are connecting to the remote and then you are trying to run a script called cmd.sh on the remote. Since there is no such script (it's stored on your local machine), the execution fails and you see that error.

You can do what you describe by changing your conn.sh to:

#!/bin/bash
sshpass -p PASSWORD ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no USERNAME@1.1.1.1 \
 bash -s < "$1"

And then run

./conn.sh /local/path/to/cmd.sh

That will open a bash shell on the remote machine. The -s tells bash to read commands from standard input and the < "$1" provides the 1st argument given to conn.sh as the input to that bash shell.

Are you sure you need to do this though? What you describe is almost certainly an XY problem. The simple solution is to create the cmd.sh on the remote server. Then you can do

./conn.sh /remote/path/to/cmd.sh


Menubar and side bar not showing ubuntu 14.04

There are some possible things you've done wrong, please specify the output of the terminal when you removed Wine from your computer.

However, this might also work:

Open the terminal by clicking Ctrl+Alt+T .
Enter dconf reset.
Enter dconf reset -f /org/compiz/ to reset your desktop. (This will also reset your desktop configuration.)
Enter compiz --replace & disown to restart your desktop.

You can also look at the settings you have:
dconf dump /org/compiz/

It is also possible that you removed the packages for the menubar and sidebar. In this case, you have to reinstall ubuntu-desktop.

Open the terminal by clicking Ctrl+Alt+T .
Enter sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop.

If pressing Ctrl+Alt+T doesn't open the terminal, press Ctrl+Alt+F1 to start your bash, login with your username and password, and input the above code.

If terminal says command "dconf" not found, install dconf-tools by entering:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

Hopefully this will help you get back your desktop.

Edit:

Since you can't connect to the internet, here's what you should do:

For LAN internet connection, do the following in the bash:

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
Replace everything with:

auto eth0

iface eth0 inet dhcp
Press Ctrl+X then Y then Enter.
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart


Ubuntu 15.04 Can't pair apple bluetooth keyboard

We will start by getting the firmware

wget https://www.dropbox.com/s/xbmm9vfg2fby2zn/fw-04ca_2006.hcd
sudo cp fw-04ca_2006.hcd /lib/firmware/brcm/BCM43142A0-04ca-2006.hcd
sudo modprobe -r btusb
sudo modprobe btusb

Then see if you can pair, if it doesn't pair edit question to include dmesg | tail from after the pairing attempt


The following wiki page is a good place to start to debug this issue:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebuggingKernelSuspend


How to work out HP Scanjet 200 on Ubuntu 16.04?

I'm fairly new at this too, but I had the same error:

[bjnp] create_broadcast_socket: ERROR - bind socket to local address failed - Cannot assign requested address

It went away when I commented out drivers I didn't need in /etc/sane.d/dll.conf. I think I read somewhere it might be a Canon driver. It might not get sane working, but it might stop the error message.

A snippet of my /etc/sane.d/dll.conf looks like this:

# The next line enables the network backend; comment it out if you don't need
# to use a remote SANE scanner over the network - see sane-net(5) and saned(8)
net                # <== Not Commented Out
#abaton
#agfafocus
#apple
#avision
#artec
#artec_eplus48u
#as6e
#bh
#canon
#canon630u
#canon_dr
##canon_pp
#cardscan
#coolscan
##coolscan2
#coolscan3
##dc25
##dc210
##dc240
#dell1600n_net
#dmc
#epjitsu
##epson
epson2          # <== Not Commented Out
#fujitsu
##gphoto2
#genesys


Traffic not tunneling through NetworkManager VPN Client, but vpnc works fine

hmm i don't use cisco vpn but maybe since its connected if seems strange that it doesn't work even though it claims the vpn is up.

could you compare the routing tables when connecting through terminal vs gui?

just type
route -n
in the terminal

if they differ
paste them here.

Another thing to check , what about permissions for certificates etc?
I've noticed that openvpn at least refuses to work from the applet if the permissions are to "loose" compared to if i run the vpn from the terminal


Uninstall Evince while retaining update and upgrade ability

When you do an upgrade via the update-manager (or do-release-upgrade) it checks to ensure that you have ubuntu-desktop installed so you don't need to worry about it any more.

(Though this used to be a problem)


How do I reduce mouse sensitivity? 12.04

I am sorry, but I did not see a chance to alter anything in a system that is not provided via the system GUIs without editing text files and/or executing commands.

My recommendation is this answer https://askubuntu.com/a/205914/40569 as it helped me to reduce my mouse speed.

If you have problems with implementing those changes to your system, just ask and we will try to help you.

There are a few remarks/improvements to the answer I linked above:

This has to be done after every login, but one can use a startup script for that
It is possible to use the device name instead it's ID

Step for step description (this will take you about 10 minutes):

Open terminal: press Alt+F2, enter gnome-terminal and press the execute button
List your input devices to identify the exact name of your mouse. Enter xinput list and press ENTER to see an output similar to the following:

nsk@mycomputer:~$ xinput list
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ USB keyboard                              id=9    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Logitech USB-PS/2 Optical Mouse           id=10   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Logitech USB Receiver                     id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Logitech USB Receiver                     id=12   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Microsoft Natural® Ergonomic Keyboard 4000    id=16   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ USB keyboard                              id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳   USB Keyboard                            id=13   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳   USB Keyboard                            id=14   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Microsoft Natural® Ergonomic Keyboard 4000    id=15   [slave  keyboard (3)]

You can see that my mouse is named Logitech USB-PS/2 Optical Mouse. Remember the name of your mouse from here. Additionally remember your logon name, that is printed at the very beginning until the @ sign - it is nsk for me.
Now open a text editor (just try it, this is of no evil!)
Enter the following lines with replacing the name of my mouse with the name of your mouse you identified in step 2:

xinput set-prop "Logitech USB-PS/2 Optical Mouse" "Device Accel Profile" -1
xinput set-prop "Logitech USB-PS/2 Optical Mouse" "Device Accel Constant Deceleration" 1

Save the file as "mouseproperties" in your personal directory in subdirectory "bin" (if it does not exist, create it)
Add a call of those xinput command lines in your startup programs: press Alt+F2 again, enter gnome-session-properties and press the execute button

Press the button for adding a new program call
In the following dialog choose a name and comment and enter the following in the command line:

sh /home/<YOUR-LOGON-NAME>/bin/mouseproperties

Press the add button
You will see this "program" now listed with your name. This will be executed now at every login. Tune the value of "1" for "Device Accel Constant Deceleration" to fit your needs.


I finally found a good answer to my OWN question. Install the linux version of parallels (Workstation) in your machine and run a copy of windows 7 in it. Then install the CD of schooldays HQ in it.

Cheers.

Note: Bear in mind that parallels, in the first place use YOUR system resources, you must have enough resources to run this game, secondly the cost of parallels is high and unless linux is your main OS I would think investing in a paid virtualization software  would not be profitable but that's up to you¡


As you said you already disabled hibernation in Windows, please re-check this.
Disable Fast Boot : Open Control Panel (the old version - not modern design).
Select Energy Settings - enable show hidden settings - uncheck Fast Boot.
After having done this shutdown the machine completely, do NOT reboot !

Reinstall the GRUB boot loader to your Ubuntu installation  in EFI mode.
Boot from the Ubuntu installation media - open a terminal and execute:

    sudo mount /dev/sda7 /mnt
    sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot/efi
    for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
    sudo chroot /mnt
    grub-install /dev/sda
    update-grub

Note:

sda = disk | sda2 = efi partition | sda7 = system partition (taken from the pastebin output)

To check and verify the partition numbers use GParted (included in the Ubuntu install media).
Boot into BIOS and select Ubuntu in UEFI settings to be the default operating system to boot.


I am facing the same problem. I managed to find a work around. Open the UEFI settings (F10 after restarting) and in Advanced choose Discrete Graphics Mode. Then run Ubuntu normally, install the Nvidia drivers, and that is. The problem is that with discrete graphics the battery dies pretty quickly. I am still looking for permanent solution.


Using smbclient for my task was unnecessary. I instead use smbmap like this:
smbmap -H x.x.x.x -u username-p PASSWORDTOUSER --download C$/Users/username/Desktop/somefile.txt

This downloads the file I wanted to download.


re: "After some research, I found out that this may be caused by swappiness value. I tried playing around with values on my own but that made it even worse."
With 4G RAM and 4G swap, I'd recommend setting vm.swappiness=80.
In terminal...
sudo cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.BAK # backup the file
sudo pico /etc/sysctl.conf # edit this file
Add this at the end of the file...
# adjust swap vs ram ratio, default=60
vm.swappiness=80

Save the file and quit the editor.
sudo sysctl -p # use the new values
Note: You may be required to add additional memory to your computer. Make sure to configure them as equal size/type SODIMMs.


Ubuntu Server 14.04 install hangs at Downloading Release files... 0%

Try making a fresh bootable USB stick and install.
Also check to make sure you have internet access during the installation by pressing the askubuntu.com link which appears on one of the features tabs. It will open up a firefox window from where you can browse the net even before ubuntu installs.


Windows 10 will not boot after I deleted partitions

Try this: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair
Just burn Boot-Repair into a USB stick and then launch from USB


I doubt this is going to be a very friendly installation even for a seasoned Ubuntu user. When searching for this the lack of topics about Oracle SES with Ubuntu tells it is not going to be easy.

From the installation requirements it states this:

  Oracle SES Linux Certifications

  Oracle SES is certified to run on the following Linux operating systems:

  Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 (Update 6 or higher to support WebLogic)
  Oracle Enterprise Linux 5
  Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 AS and ES (Update 3 or higher)
  Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 AS and ES (or later updates)
  SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10
  -SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11

  These are the only supported distributions and versions. Do not install Oracle SES on other versions of Linux.

They do not want you to use it with Ubuntu... So still want it? The link you posted has this to tell you:

  Directions:

  Uncompress the file using "unzip", for example: ses_11_1_2_2_0_linux64_1of2.zip
  See the installation guide for this release
  See all Enterprise Search documentation

Some pointers I found in this link from 2009...

Where in the installation manual it says to use "./runInstaller" and if it does not work try ...

./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs

If the automatic start does not work you can do it manually with the following commands:

export ORACLE_HOME=<your oracle home>
export ORACLE_SID=<your sid - default is "ses">
lsnrctl start
sqlplus sys/<password> as sysdba
startup
exit
searchctl start

Interesting comment:

  I've had SES running under Ubuntu 9.0.4 using this method. It was working well enough to do some performance testing, but I wouldn't trust it for a production system or any kind of stability test.

If you get this working could you please answer your own question with all the problems you faced and how you solved them?


Are the apps on different desktops? The Alt+Tab switcher cycles through the apps on the currently active workspace only.


And 30 seconds later I found my answer - set ENABLED=0 in /etc/default/irqbalance

Sorry, nothing to see here, move along.


What is the proper way to install a free/libre kernel?

Get the source package from Debian
Check whether Debian or Ubuntu kernel has non-standard patches
If the kernel version is different, find out whether this affects userland.
Compare the configuration and adopt if necessary. (You can use the old .config file from Ubuntu when you make *config the new kernel.)
Compile
Make binary package through make-kpkg
Repeat for any relevant module
Install binary packages

However, according to the COPYRIGHT file natty's default kernel is free (licensed GPL): http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs/pool/main/l/linux/linux_2.6.38-11.48/copyright

Hence, removing all non-free packages should also meet your goal.


Try using this tutorial: http://lkubuntu.wordpress.com/2011/08/30/quick-and-easy-way-to-fix-x11-issues/

After that, if it works, use this Terminal command:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

And then reboot.


tar using short form option versus old style

Because that is the way the different option styles work and they behave differently.

The man page states for UNIX or short-option style, the one which is prefixed with a single dash.

  Any number of options not taking arguments can be clustered together after a single dash, e.g. -vkp.   Options that  take  arguments  (whether  mandatory  or  optional), can appear at the end of such a cluster, e.g. -vkpf a.tar.

The traditional style option style, the one without dashes:

  In traditional style, the first argument is a cluster of option letters and all subsequent arguments supply arguments to those options that require them. The  arguments are read in the same order as the option letters.  Any command line words that remain after all options has been processed are treated as non-optional arguments: file or archive member names.

As you can see, the UNIX or short-option style expects arguments to options directly after the option.
Whereas the traditional style option style expects a block of options and suitable arguments to the options in the right order.


In these cases I normally use aptitude, which has a much more powerful depedency solver engine. The command is quite the same, sudo aptitude install mailutils. It will begin to propose you various solutions, asking you to confirm or go to the next solution. Be careful with the choice, as sometimes it will remove some dependencies which are vital to the system (it happened to me, as I didn't carefully read that the proposed solution was going to remove vital packages)


How to get latest version of acrobat reader (not acrobat reader 9)

You have already know about native 9.5.5 which is old.
The other option is to install Acrobat Reader using Wine. Also we know that it fails to access files from /tmp while using acrordrdc snap package.
So we need to install it manually using Wine and PlayOnLinux. Below is how:

Install PlayOnLinux
sudo apt-get install playonlinux

Launch PlayOnLinux

Click Install, enter acrobat into the search field

Select Adobe Acrobat Reader DC for installation

Proceed with one of the following:

download Acrobat Reader DC 2020 standalone installer from https://get.adobe.com/ru/reader/enterprise/ to get file named AcroRdrDC2000920063_en_US.exe and choose it on the corresponding step of wizard;
allow wizard to download Acrobat Reader DC 2015 by itself

Wait wizard to finish.

To get all fonts and remove visual artifacts save the code below to some file - for example ~/Downloads/acrordrc2020.pol with contents below
#!/usr/bin/env playonlinux-bash

[ "$PLAYONLINUX" = "" ] && exit 0
source "$PLAYONLINUX/lib/sources"

TITLE="Adobe Acrobat Reader DC"
PREFIX="AdobeAcrobatReaderDC"
WINEVERSION="4.0.3"
EDITOR="Adobe Systems Inc."
GAME_URL="https://acrobat.adobe.com/us/en/products/pdf-reader.html"
AUTHOR="Martins Bruvelis, N0rbert (to support ARDC 2020)"

POL_SetupWindow_Init
POL_Debug_Init

POL_SetupWindow_presentation "$TITLE" "$EDITOR" "$GAME_URL" "$AUTHOR" "$PREFIX"

# select prefix
POL_System_TmpCreate "$PREFIX"
POL_Wine_SelectPrefix "$PREFIX"

# setup prefix
POL_Wine_InstallFonts
POL_Call POL_Install_atmlib
POL_Call POL_Install_corefonts
#POL_Call POL_Install_allfonts
POL_Call POL_Install_wsh57
POL_Call POL_Install_mspatcha
POL_Call POL_Install_riched30
POL_Call POL_Install_riched20
POL_Call POL_Install_gdiplus
POL_Call POL_Install_FontsSmoothRGB
POL_Call POL_Install_d3dx11
POL_Call POL_Install_d3dx10
POL_Call POL_Install_directx9

POL_Wine_WaitBefore "$TITLE"
POL_Wine_WaitExit "$TITLE"

POL_SetupWindow_Close
exit

In the PlayOnLinux window select Tools → Run a local script and specify path to it (~/Downloads/acrordrc2020.pol), confirm its execution and wait it to finish.

Set file association for PDF file with Acrobat in PlayOnLinux by choosing Settings → File Associations, then click New, enter .pdf and associate it with Acrobat in the bottom of window.

Open file manager, select PDF file and use Open With to get it opened using newly installed Adobe Acrobat Reader DC.

Enjoy:


ubuntu network manager swanstrong VPN - how to enter double quote into preshared key?

In the strongswan docs, it says "The sequence cannot contain newline or double-quote characters"

So you'll either have to:

convince them that such an unstandard policy is foolish (unlikely)
just get another key that has no newlines and double quotes
patch it


strange effects in zsh after changing prompt

Problem was color tags were not inside %{...%}. Correct sequence is now:

PROMPT="%{$fg[red]%}%n%{$reset_color%}@%{$fg[blue]%}%m%{$fg[black]%}|%{$fg[green]%}%* %{$fg[yellow]%}%1~ %{$reset_color%}% "


System errors from my experience are extremely common with Linux but doesn't necessarily mean something is wrong. lol Usually the first time I get one I will just wait and it never comes back. Just go about your way, try updating and what not. If it keeps popping up then come back.


The package fortune (or fortune-mod) only contain the program to display the fortune cookies, not the cookies (texts) themselves.

You need to additionally install a fortunes* package. Which ones are available for your system can be easily checked with the command apt-cache search "^fortunes". On my system, the output is:

fortunes - Data files containing fortune cookies
fortunes-bg - Bulgarian data files for fortune
fortunes-bofh-excuses - BOFH excuses for fortune
fortunes-br - Data files with fortune cookies in Portuguese
fortunes-cs - Czech and Slovak data files for fortune
fortunes-de - German data files for fortune
fortunes-debian-hints - Debian Hints for fortune
fortunes-eo - Collection of esperanto fortunes.
fortunes-eo-ascii - Collection of esperanto fortunes (ascii encoding).
fortunes-eo-iso3 - Collection of esperanto fortunes (ISO3 encoding).
fortunes-es - Spanish fortune database
fortunes-es-off - Spanish fortune cookies (Offensive section)
fortunes-fr - French fortunes cookies
fortunes-ga - Irish (Gaelige) data files for fortune
fortunes-it - Data files containing Italian fortune cookies
fortunes-it-off - Data files containing Italian fortune cookies, offensive section
fortunes-mario - Fortunes files from Mario
fortunes-min - Data files containing selected fortune cookies
fortunes-off - Data files containing offensive fortune cookies
fortunes-pl - Polish data files for fortune
fortunes-ru - Russian data files for fortune
fortunes-spam - fortunes taken from SPAM messages
fortunes-ubuntu-server - Ubuntu server tips for fortune

Install those packages that interest you, usually you want fortunes-min (small package of about 60 kB with few fortune cookies) or fortunes (larger package of about 1 MB with over 15,000 cookies).

The others are either localized (German or Spanish cookies for example) or cover a specific topic only (e.g. spam or offensive). You may of course install multiple fortunes packages.

If you install a language package, these are installed on a subfolder of /usr/share/games/fortunes/ so you may need to prefix it to the database name:

fortune -e -s es/asimov.fortunes ubuntu-server-tips

Oh, and don't forget: fortune works best in combination with cowsay! :D

$ fortune | cowsay
 _____________________________________
/ A handful of patience is worth more \
\ than a bushel of brains.            /
 -------------------------------------
        \   ^__^
         \  (oo)\_______
            (__)\       )\/\
                ||----w |
                ||     ||


Remmina Remote Desktop Client installed?

It is installed by default, though I'm not sure what you judged from the icon.

$ apt-cache depends ubuntu-desktop | grep remmina
  Recommends: remmina

It is the default remote desktop/VNC client on Ubuntu.


Can't change permissions on a network share smb/CIFS

Have a look at this answer: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/68079/mount-cifs-network-drive-write-permissions-and-chown

So the solution is to specify user and group ID when mounting.


How do I know which display card my laptop is using

If you are interested in which graphics the X display is using, first get the graphics drivers on the system:

lshw -c video

and search for those drivers in /var/log/xorg.0.log:

grep -i i915 /var/log/xorg.0.log

Also the driver should be found in /etc/X11/xorg.conf in the screen section (if that file is present).


Is sharing a mounted USB drive on Samba without a password a security risk?

As long as you only use this on your private home network and you don't share the network with other people that you don't know/trust (such as in an apartment complex), then you should be fine. WPA2 can be breached through brute-force attacks but someone would have to be in range of your wifi connection in order to attempt to gain access, and if you're very concerned about it then you could always maintain good backups on an external offline drive.

If you're not convinced, here is a complete guide on setting up samba to work with Windows computers from the Ubuntu forums.


I's switch to using grep's -q argument. This just exits with zero if it finds something. This allows you to use traditional exit-code logic like && or || to chain on actions.

wget -qO- http://www.centennialcollege.ca/programs-courses/centres-institutes/applied-research-and-innovation/for-students/job-postings/ \
| grep -q "Game Developer" \
&& echo "Found Game Developer"

Only just read the comments. If you want the count, -c (as you've done) is as good as you'll get but if you do only need a boolean output, -q is faster as it exits 0 as soon as it first matches, rather than going on to find future matches.

If you want to capture and output the count, split it in two:

COUNT=$(wget -qO- http://www.centennialcollege.ca/programs-courses/centres-institutes/applied-research-and-innovation/for-students/job-postings/ | grep -c "Game Developer")
echo "Found $COUNT game developers"


Achieving the conversion

Creating a test filesystem

In order to preserve our main filesystem from any possible damage after running this experiment, we're going to create a small filesystem inside a normal file for test purposes.

Create a zero-filled file called test with a size of 10 megabytes:

dd if=/dev/zero of=~/test bs=10M count=1

Create an Ext4 filesystem inside the file, as if it were a partition:

mkfs.ext4 ~/test

Creating some files and directories

Now we have a fully functional filesystem inside the test file, so we're going to create some files and directories inside it.

Mount the newly created filesystem inside /mnt:

sudo mount ~/test /mnt

Create a file and a directory:

sudo mkdir /mnt/folder
echo "contents" | sudo tee /mnt/file

Check the contents of the filesystem:

ls -l /mnt

Output should be something like this:

total 2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 may 21 18:53 file
drw-r--r-- 2 root root  1024 may 21 18:55 folder

Unmount the test filesystem:

sudo umount /mnt

Swapping the file and the folder

Run debugfs against the test file with write permission (-w flag):

debugfs -w ~/test

Convert file into a folder:

At the debugfs prompt, type this:

modify_inode file

A prompt will appear asking you a mode; type this:

040644

Keep pressing return to leave the remaining data as-is until the prompt appears again.

Convert folder into a file:

At the debugfs prompt, type this:

modify_inode folder

A prompt will appear asking you a mode; type this:

0100644

Keep pressing return to leave the remaining data as-is until the prompt appears again.

To exit debugfs prompt, simply hit q and then return

Checking the success of the operation

Mount the test filesystem again:

sudo mount ~/test /mnt

Check the filesystem contents:

ls -l /mnt

Now, it should show the file as if it were a directory and vice versa:

total 2
drw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 may 21 18:53 file
-rw-r--r-- 2 root root  1024 may 21 18:55 folder

Script to calculate inode modes

#!/bin/bash

#### See https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Ext4_Disk_Layout#Inode_Table

## Terminal measures:
x="$(( $(tput cols) / 2 ))"   # Width of the terminal
y="$(( $(tput lines) /  2 ))" # Height of the terminal

## File descriptors:
declare -A types       # Declare an associative array with file descriptors
types[f]='0x8000'      # File
types[l]='0xA000'      # Link
types[s]='0xC000'      # Socket
types[d]='0x4000'      # Directory
types[p]='0x1000'      # Named pipe
types[b]='0x6000'      # Block device
types[c]='0x2000'      # Character device

## Permissions:
declare -A permission  # Declare an associative array with permissions
permission[user_S]='0x800'  # UID
permission[user_s]='0x840'  # UID and user can execute
permission[user_r]='0x100'  # User can read
permission[user_w]='0x80'   # User can write
permission[user_x]='0x40'   # User can execute
permission[group_S]='0x400' # GID
permission[group_s]='0x408' # GID and group can execute
permission[group_r]='0x20'  # Group can read
permission[group_w]='0x10'  # Group can write
permission[group_x]='0x8'   # Group can execute
permission[other_T]='0x200' # Sticky bit
permission[other_t]='0x201' # Sticky bit and other can execute
permission[other_r]='0x4'   # Other can read
permission[other_w]='0x2'   # Other can write
permission[other_x]='0x1'   # Other can execute

## Cleanup function:
function cleanup() {
    tput cvvis        # Make the cursor visible
    tput rmcup        # Restore saved terminal contents
    stty sane         # Fix problems caused by read -s
    exit 0            # Exit gracefully
}

## Function to print at a specified position:
function pprint() {
    tput cup $1 $2
    printf "${@:3}"
}

## Function to clear the notification area:
function reset() {
    pprint $((y+2)) $((x-40)) ' %.0s' {1..25} # Print 25 spaces
}

## Function to notify something to the user:
function notify() {
    reset                          # Clear the notification area
    pprint $((y+2)) $((x-40)) "$@" # Print the notification text
}

## If the terminal is smaller than 100x8, exit gracefully (self-explainatory):
if [ $x -lt 50 ] || [ $y -lt 5 ]; then
    echo 'Error, I need a minimum of 100x10 lines to run'
    exit 0
fi

## Initialize the terminal:
trap cleanup EXIT SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM # Call cleanup function after receiving ^C
stty -echo  cbreak                      # Put terminal in silent mode
tput smcup                              # Save terminal contents
tput civis                              # Make the cursor inisible

## Draw the big box:
printf '\033[1;37m'                            # Color
pprint $((y-3)) $((x-48)) '\u2500%.0s' {1..97} # Upper line
pprint $((y+4)) $((x-48)) '\u2500%.0s' {1..97} # Lower line
for ((i=4;i>-4;i--)); do                       # Sides:
    pprint $((y+i)) $((x-49)) '\u2502'             # Left line
    pprint $((y+i)) $((x+49)) '\u2502'             # Right line
done                                           # End sides
pprint $((y-3)) $((x-49)) '\u256D'             # Upper-left corner
pprint $((y+4)) $((x-49)) '\u2570'             # Lower-left corner
pprint $((y-3)) $((x+49)) '\u256E'             # Upper-right corner
pprint $((y+4)) $((x+49)) '\u256F'             # Lower-right corner

## Draw the small box:
printf '\033[1;35m'                             # Color
pprint $((y+1)) $((x-10)) '\u2501%.0s' {1..10}  # Upper line
pprint $((y+3)) $((x-10)) '\u2501%.0s' {1..10}  # Lower line
pprint $((y+2)) $((x-11)) '\u2503'              # Left line
pprint $((y+2)) $((x+00)) '\u2503'              # Right line
pprint $((y+1)) $((x-11)) '\u250F'              # Upper-left corner
pprint $((y+3)) $((x-11)) '\u2517'              # Lower-left corner
pprint $((y+1)) $((x+00)) '\u2513'              # Upper-right corner
pprint $((y+3)) $((x+00)) '\u251B'              # Lower-right corner

## Print type help:
pprint $((y-2)) $((x-44)) '\033[0;37mInode type: \033[1;37mf\033[0;37mile, \033[1;37md\033[0;37mirectory, \033[1;37ml\033[0;37mink, named \033[1;37mp\033[0;37mipe, \033[1;37ms\033[0;37mocket, \033[1;37mc\033[0;37mharacter device or \033[1;37mb\033[0;37mlock device.'

## Print permission help:
pprint $((y-1)) $((x-40)) '\033[0;36mPermission (\033[1;32mu\033[0;32mser\033[0;36m, \033[1;33mg\033[0;33mroup\033[0;36m or \033[1;31mo\033[0;31mther\033[0;36m): \033[1;36mr\033[0;36mead, \033[1;36mw\033[0;36mrite, e\033[1;36mx\033[0;36mecute, \033[1;36mhyphen\033[0;36m or \033[1;36mspace\033[0;36m to skip.'
pprint $((y+0)) $((x+8)) 's\033[1;36mt\033[0;36micky bit and executable, '
pprint $((y+1)) $((x+8)) 's\033[1;36mT\033[0;36micky bit not executable, '
pprint $((y+2)) $((x+8)) '\033[1;36ms\033[0;36metuid/setgid and executable, '
pprint $((y+3)) $((x+8)) '\033[1;36mS\033[0;36metuid/setgid not executable. '

## Endless loop:
while :; do

    ## Clear the input area:
    pprint $((y+2)) $((x-10)) '% *s\n' 10         # Print 16 spaces

    ## Print mask in the input area:
    printf '\033[1;37m'                           # Color for the type
    pprint $((y+2)) $((x-10)) '\u2588'            # Block for the type
    printf '\033[1;36m'                           # Color for the permision
    pprint $((y+2)) $((x- 9)) '\u2588%.0s' {1..9} # Blocks for the permission

    ## Loop through all variables to make a proper input:
    for var in type {user,group,other}_{r,w,x}; do

        ## Assign colors and regex to fields:
        case "$var" in
            (type)    color='\033[1;37m';     regex='^[fdlpscb]$'    ;;

            (other_x)                         regex='^[-xtT]$'       ;;&
            (user_x|group_x)                  regex='^[-xsS]$'       ;;&
            (user_[rw]|group_[rw]|other_[rw]) regex="^[-${var: -1}]$";;&

            (user*)   color='\033[1;32m'                             ;;
            (group*)  color='\033[1;33m'                             ;;
            (other*)  color='\033[1;31m'                             ;;
        esac

        ## Change the pointer position:
        pprint $((y+3)) $(((x-10)+pointer)) "${color}\u2501"           # Print the pointer on its new position
        if (( pointer > 0 )); then                                     # If the pointer is not in the first position:
            pprint $((y+3)) $(((x-10)+(pointer-1))) '\033[1;35m\u2501'     # Clear the old pointer
        fi

        ## Infinite loop until there is a valid input for the current character:
        while :; do
            printf "$color"                       # Set the character color
            IFS= read -rn 1 $var                  # Read a character (even if it's a space)

            declare $var="${!var// /-}"           # Convert spaces to hyphens.
            if [[ "$var" == "type" ]]; then       # If the current variable is type:
                declare $var="${!var//-/f}"           # Convert "-" to "f"
            fi

            if [[ "${!var}"  =~ $regex ]]; then   # If there is a valid input:
                reset                                 # Clear error notification if any
                break                                 # Exit from this loop
            else                                  # Else:
                notify "\033[1;31mWrong input!"       # Print the error message
            fi
        done

        ## Print the entered value:
        pprint $((y+2)) $(((x-10)+pointer)) "${!var}"

        ## Sum the current permission:
        ((mode+=permission[${var%_*}_${!var}]))

        ## Increment the pointer:
        ((pointer++))
    done

    ## Post-read:
    unset pointer                                 # Reset the pointer
    pprint $((y+3)) $((x-1)) "\033[1;35m\u2501"   # Clear the pointer
    read -n 1                                     # Wait for Return or another character

    ## Sum file descriptor type:
    ((mode+=${types[$type]}))

    ## Final commands:
    mode=$(printf "%o" $mode)                      # Convert mode to octal (before this was decimal)
    notify "\033[1;32mOctal mode:\033[1;34m $mode" # Print the octal mode
    unset mode                                     # Reset the mode
done

View script on GitHub

Handicaps

The folder doesn't open. You can't open it unless you put on it the "raw folder data" that contained it originally.

Further reading

https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Ext4_Disk_Layout#Inode_Table

Thanks to @tallus. He gave me a great hint:

  debugfs has a modify_inode command that allows you to edit an inode
  directly which would allow you to set the file flag to a dir.


Kubuntu 16.04 Plasma can not start after fresh install

Some packages that are needed for KDE to run are missing or misconfigured.

Enter a TTY (Ctrl + Alt + F1) and log in there. Run
sudo apt-get install --reinstall kubuntu-desktop kde-* || sudo apt-get install -f
and KDE should start.

You'll have to be connected to the internet for this to work.


Can not instsl Ubunt-Server near to Windows 8.1

Read the below two links:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

Installing Ubuntu Alongside a Pre-Installed Windows with UEFI

You need to install the 64 bit version of Ubuntu in UEFI mode.


Please verify that you have removed all other instances of the driver:
sudo dkms status

Next, do:
git clone "https://github.com/RinCat/RTL88x2BU-Linux-Driver.git" /usr/src/rtl88x2bu-git
sudo sed -i 's/PACKAGE_VERSION="@PKGVER@"/PACKAGE_VERSION="git"/g' /usr/src/rtl88x2bu-git/dkms.conf
sudo dkms add -m rtl88x2bu -v git
sudo dkms autoinstall

Reboot.


I found some explanation to why this happens and somewhat of a workaround.

There are several issues on the xdotool github page that mention issues like this. Apparently it is caused by a misinterpretation of keyboard configuration due to the vast number of possible configurations that xdotool is not programmed to handle, or something like that.

There is somewhat of a workaround, and it has allowed me to program my gestures. The trick is to have xdotool type something directly after issuing the command, like this:

xdotool key ctrl+alt+Up && xdotool type :

The ":" is just an arbitrary character.

Doing so executes the workspace switch now! I'll leave this up in case anybody else stumbles upon this question with my same issue.


Memtest86 may be configured during operation via runtime configuration commands. Pressing the c key at any time will display the runtime command menu. When running the UEFI version, the following options are available in the Configuration command menu:

Settings:

  (1) Skip Current Test
  (2) End Test
  (3) Go Back to Main Menu
  (0) Continue

The runtime configuration commands allow the user to adjust the following settings.

  (1) Skip Current Test- Aborts the current test and starts the next test in the sequence
  (2) End Test - Stops the test and displays a summary of the results
  (3) Go Back to Main Menu – Stops the test and returns to the main menu
  (0) Continue - Resume the test

Selecting option (3) will return to the Main Menu which has an Exit option for exiting Memtest86. When running the BIOS version, there isn't an option in the Configuration command menu to return to the Main Menu.

Interrupting memtest86+ won't do anything, since it never writes any persistent data. If pressing the Esc key doesn't exit from the memtest86+ session, you can safely abort memtest86+ at any time simply by switching off the computer.


Alienware 14 (Mid 2013) Ubuntu 15.04 switch off lights

You can install pyAlienFX and run it with sudo from console. I managed to turn off the lights that way.... but can't turn it on again without rebooting.

I've the Alienware m14x r1.


You have Anaconda Python and not system Python version. Because you use Anaconda, your package should be installed using conda or Anaconda pip version. Using base environment of the default Anaconda installation, Numpy and Scipy are already installed, if not:

conda install numpy scipy


terminal vim colours broken on focuslost

This was a bug in vte, which was fixed a while ago (in 0.36 if I recall correctly).


have you had a look at the taskbar (or whatever this is called in Ubuntu)? I mean the place at the top right of your desktop, where you also have access to sound, power options and so on. Once you start recording, a small red icon appears (on the unity desktop). Clicking this, you can choose to pause or stop the recording.


WiFi adapter shows as "not ready", but internet is connected

Fixed. I had to run:

# sed -i -e 's/networkd/NetworkManager/g' /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml


Sending pause/resume playing and next/previous track bluetooth commands

Inspired by @kenn, I decided to go deeper into dbus and d-feet tools. Eventually I reached my goal using the following command:

dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/hci0/dev_44_78_3E_85_9D_6F org.bluez.MediaControl1.Play

which of course triggered playing music on my mobile device connected to my PC over bluetooth.

Generically for bluetooth devices this command would look like:

dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.bluez /org/bluez/hci0/dev_<mobile_bluetooth_device_mac_address_with_numbers_underscore_separated> org.bluez.MediaControl1.<command_to_send>

In order to check your devices' MAC address run bt-devices -l. It will list all known (but not necessarily connected or even discovered) devices with MAC address in parentheses.

In order to find allowed commands list, install d-feet with sudo apt install d-feet. After running it, apply search for bluez query under System Bus tab and find entry with your devices' MAC:

There are methods similar to stuff that uses bluetooth headphones under org.bluez.MediaControl1. But, when you browse those tree, you can find A WAY more, this is really worth your attention.

dbus-send is a command for sending signals using dbus. --system switch indicates that we want to use stuff from System Bus d-feet's tab. I haven't try it yet, but I suppose --print-reply is only for debugging purposes and isn't obligatory. --dest=org.blez refers to Name in d-feet header. /org/bluez/hci0/dev_<mobile_bluetooth_device_mac_address_with_numbers_underscore_separated> and  org.bluez.MediaControl1.<command> refer to object tree paths.


grub2 not looking for config file in /boot/grub/grub.cfg

When you change the content of grub config file, you need to "rebuild" it using grub-mkconfig.

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg


Ok，I think that you have not created debian folder.  The files which are install, rules and so on in debian folder are very important for creating deb package. So you should read debian official manual to learn how to do it.  As you said, you should generate a install file for installing .jar file.  Good luck.


In my understanding, there is no support guarantee and security patches may or may not be distributed as long as the mainstream product is supported by the Apache Foundation.

Correct but it is in their best interest to keep support up as long as possible.

  Is there a convenient way to keep tomcat patched with security updates on Ubuntu 18.04 as easily as with 16.04?

Nothing changes for you; it only comes from a more direct channel so if anything you should see updates appear quicker and not just security updates.

Old: update tomcat by Apache -> Ubuntu security team evaluates changes and adds patches if that specific package has Ubuntu related changes -> update to you.

New:  update tomcat by Apache -> update to you.

Canonical decided to kill the changes made to the package and as such could take it out of security. The fewer the changes to our default install means fewer issues. It is likely to happen and has happened with lots of other software since Canonical stopped with Unity: we are going back to the original source for our software.


How to remove show passwords option in Thunderbird preference?

You'll want to add a Master Password.  This will require the Master password at startup to download e-mail and to show your passwords.


Kubuntu 19.04 wont allow my pics as wallpapers

I can set the image of my choice as the wallpaper and my choice survives a reboot in Kubuntu 19.04.

The information is stored in ~/.config/plasma-org.kde.plasma.desktop-appletsrc and here's the relevant part:

[Containments][58][Wallpaper][org.kde.image][General]
Image=file:///home/dkb/Desktop/Wallpaper/Next-dark.png

It's possible that one or more files or folders on your system do not have the correct permissions or ownership. Such a situation may arise through inadvertent use of sudo.

To check whether files or folders in your home folder are owned by root, run

find . '!' -user $USER -ls

You normally should just get back the prompt.

Here's what I see when I check files beginning with plasma in ~/.config:

$ ls -l plasma*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 dkb dkb   21 Apr 18  2019 plasma-localerc
-rw------- 1 dkb dkb   69 Apr 18  2019 plasma-nm
-rw------- 1 dkb dkb   38 Aug 25 16:03 plasmanotifyrc
-rw------- 1 dkb dkb 5792 Oct 19 09:23 plasma-org.kde.plasma.desktop-appletsrc
-rw------- 1 dkb dkb  128 Oct 19 06:44 plasmarc
-rw------- 1 dkb dkb 2470 Oct 19 06:45 plasmashellrc
$


Trying to use xRDP and use ports for each user

You can try to put this command

sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp restart

in /etc/rc.local.

sudo nano /etc/rc.local
sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp restart &&

This command will restart/start servis after boot process is complete and all other services is up.


Wi-Fi hotspot not accessible for mobile on Ubuntu 11.10

At last till Android 4 it is not possible to connect to Ad-Hoc wifi. The wifi network you open must run in master mode. Unfortunately only a few wifi adapters support master mode. Most consumer products don't. Take a look at this tutorial to find out if yours supports master mode and how to set it up.


Determining non-base install applications?

I try to give an answer to the question I think you were really interested in.

  If I encounter a package on my system, how can I tell if this package was installed by default or if I installed it myself?

apt-cache is a tool to query the apt database about packages installed. The command show lists "all package records" of the given package. There you find immediately after the package name a line beginning with "Priority" (or "Essential", then "Priority" is on line 3), so to find out if a given package is installed by default or not you use

apt-cache show <package>|head -n2

e.g.

apt-cache show plymouth|head -n2
Package: plymouth
Priority: standard

apt-cache show htop|head -n2
Package: htop
Priority: optional

apt-cache show bash|head -n3
Package: bash
Essential: yes
Priority: required

So the value of Priority (required, standard, optional) will tell you if the package will be installed by default or not.


I have met this problem when trying to install the 10.04 on an laptop. After changing the harddisk, the problem is gone. You could try.


Cannot boot either Windows 10 or Ubuntu after installing Ubuntu and selecting legacy

It looks like you've got a BIOS/CSM/legacy-mode install of Ubuntu and an EFI/UEFI-mode install of Windows. Mixing boot modes in this way can work in some cases, but at best it complicates the boot process, and at worst it's impossible. I'm not sure why your updates broke everything -- given the boot loader evidence in your Boot Repair output, if anything I'm surprised you had no problems before. (Were you hitting a key at start time to get the firmware's built-in boot manager to select which OS to boot?)

Since you've tried Boot Repair and it didn't work, I recommend you try the following:

Download the USB flash drive or CD-R version of my rEFInd boot manager.
Prepare a medium from the download.
Boot to the rEFInd medium. It should show options to boot both Windows and Ubuntu.
Select the Windows option in rEFInd to verify that it boots. If it doesn't, stop and diagnose the problem (posting back here, if necessary).
Reboot back into rEFInd.
Select an Ubuntu option. Chances are there will be just one, which will boot boot\vmlinuz-{version}. If there are multiple options, try a boot\vmlinuz-{version} option first, but if something else works, go ahead and use it.
Once Ubuntu is booted, install the Debian package or PPA, as described in the rEFInd documentation.
If the computer doesn't boot at this point, boot again to rEFInd on the removable disk. With any luck there will be an icon on the second row that will cause the computer to boot into its firmware setup utility. Use that and then disable BIOS/CSM/legacy support in your firmware. The computer should now boot to rEFInd, and from there to Windows or Ubuntu.

At this point, rEFInd should take over as the default boot manager, and give you options to boot either Windows or Ubuntu. It should work, but you may want to do further tweaking; see the rEFInd documentation for details.

What this procedure does is to install rEFInd, which will enable you to boot either Windows or a Linux kernel in EFI mode, bypassing your non-functional BIOS-mode GRUB. If you prefer to use GRUB, you can install an EFI-mode version of that boot loader instead of installing rEFInd once you get into Ubuntu via rEFInd on a removable medium. You'd do this by installing the grub-efi package and then running grub-install and update-grub. (That's from memory; I may be forgetting something critical or misremembering a detail.)

Note that the error that lead you here was this:

  When I installed Ubuntu I was required to access the bios by restarting from within windows and to adjust the uefi and legacy option.

Whatever you read that suggested this was BAD ADVICE! See this page of mine for details on this issue. This bad advice was once quite common. It's fading in prominence, but unfortunately, lots of sites persist in spreading this bad advice.


mhddfs mount in /etc/fstab fails if periodic fsck kicks in... how to solve?

When you look at the sixth field in your /etc/fstab, you see there a 0. This means the mhddfs is not automatically fscked. So one workaround of your problem is to add noauto to your fstab:

mhddfs#/storage/HDD/SAM-2000-1/Medias,/storage/HDD/SAM-1500-1/Medias,/storage/HDD/SEA-1000-1/Medias,/storage/HDD/SEA-1000-2/Medias /storage/BigData/Medias fuse defaults,allow_other,nofail,noauto 0 0

So the filesystem will not automatically mounted at startup. Furthermore you write a script which basically mounts your mhddfs and add it at some late point in the boot process.

This makes sure that the fsck runs normal. If your system tries to mount the mhddfs, all other fscks are finished and your system should boot normal.


several indicators not visible on panel in ubuntu 12.10

First, I don't know evernote, but maybe you can check the systray-whitelist in dconf-editor or try to reinstall evernote first.
If isn't installed, just install dconf-editor from software center or do

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

After that lanuch dconf-editor from dash/terminal and go to:

com --> canonical --> unity --> panel.
There you can edit the applications show in systray. These are my settings:
['JavaEmbeddedFrame', 'Wine', 'Update-notifier', 'Skype']
Just try to add evernote to this line like this:
['JavaEmbeddedFrame', 'Wine', 'Update-notifier', 'Skype', 'Evernote']

Hope this helps.
Maybe someone here have another/better idea...


How do I get the touchpad on an ASUS N56VZ working properly?

I have the same computer, and Ubuntu has added some cool multi-touch features that you seem to have discovered (the same way I did!) by accident.

a one finger touch works as a left click
a two finger touch works as a right click
a three finger touch brings up what you see in the picture you posted, a quick way to move or resize a window
a four finder touch brings up dash
a one finger touch in the top right corner acts as a middle click (for example, doing this over a hyperlink in a browser opens the link in a new tab).

There are a couple of gestures and other things that you can do with three or four fingers, you can see the list at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Multitouch.

You can still press on the touchpad for normal left and right clicks like you do on a Mac, just make sure you press down at the bottom of the touchpad, that's the only part that will move (again like a Mac). You can also click and drag by pressing the touchpad this way.

Hope this helped!


If you want to read the files on-the-fly from your (gzip) compressed filesystem without having to unpack it, use mksquasfs and dd to create it in the first place.

You can also choose the compression with the -comp option of mksquashfs, e.g. gzip, lzo, xz etc.

See this answer on how to do it (backup/create image, mount one partition of a whole diskimage with the help of kpartx, etc.).


You can also use find with grep:

find . -type f -exec grep -wq 'MyWord' {} \; -exec cat {} >> /path/to/outfile \;

This will find files containing the word "MyWord" recursively and quite as soon as first match found then redirect the whole file content to a new file.


Apache 2.4: pcfg_openfile unable to check htaccess / php warning include() failed opening for inclusion

This is my desktop, and I encrypted my home folder. Website projects are in my home folder, in the encrypted part. This seems to be problematic, probably because the apache user has no rights for my home folder. After moving the Eclipse workspace folder outside my home folder it all started working.


Setting files and directories to match umask setting recursively

This example of using the find command with chmod might be useful:

https://superuser.com/questions/91935/how-to-chmod-755-all-directories-but-no-file-recursively


Unable to install Python pip in Ubuntu 17.10

It seems that all Ubuntu repositories(main, universe, restricted, multiverse) are not enabled. That's why, you are getting Unable to locate <package> errors. To do it, run the following commands(one-by-one) from Terminal :-

sudo add-apt-repository main
sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo add-apt-repository restricted
sudo add-apt-repository multiverse
sudo apt update

Also in the second command, i.e. sudo apt-get install python-setuptools python-dev build-essential., you didn't name the package build-essentialcorrectly. So you got this error :-

E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'build-essential.'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'build-essential.'

You can use a different method to install pip in Ubuntu 17.10. To do it, run the following commands(one-by-one) from Terminal :-

sudo apt install curl
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o /tmp/get-pip.py
sudo python3 /tmp/get-pip.py
pip install --user pipenv
echo "PATH=$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH" >> ~/.profile
source ~/.profile

References

“Unable to locate package” while trying to install packages with APT
How to install pip and pipenv properly on Ubuntu 17.10


Slow and unstable wireless connection on RTL8723AE on Ubuntu14.04

You have only one access point listed, which is good, no interference from neighbors, but your signal level is not very good, not terrible, but maybe could be better by ensuring the direct line between your PC and access point is not blocked with large metal objects like filing cabinets or refrigerators. Also try fiddling with the antenna alignment, try a 90 degree rotation of the ap to see if there is any difference in signal strength. Note the strength is listed in negative dBm, so a small negative is better -- look at the quality too, higher is better there.

They do sell higher gain antennas for wireless routers too.  Since you don't have any neighbors to interfere with,  that is a good possibility.


For the playlist:

Step 1: Export the iTunes playlist. Simply right click the playlist and pick “Export…”. Then, save it to a text file. Move this file with your music collection to your Linux box.

Step 2: Download the script (importpl.py, 1.5 KB) and modify the “win_path” and “lin_path” variables (lines 5 and 6) to reflect the proper paths. The script will take care of changing Windows’ backslashes to forward slashes.

Step 3: Run the script to convert the iTunes playlist to the Rhythmbox “.pls” format. Here’s an example usage of the Python script:

$ python importpl.py iTunesPlaylist.txt LinuxPlaylist.pls

Step 4: Import your playlist into Rhythmbox. Just go to Music > Playlist > Load From File…

For ripping in ALAC/AIFF format:

It looks like it can't be done. However, there are ways you can convert to your specified formats but Rhythmbox can't do it.

For the recompressing:

According to this user, Rhythmbox converts ALAC automatically to the (presumably) AAC format. Don't know the specifications of the format though


Equivalent of Ctrl-a Ctrl-a in byobu (switching windows)

I just moved my .screenrc out of the way and tried this.

On my machine (Oneiric) both F12-Ctrl-a and Ctrl-a-Ctrl-a worked exactly as I would expect.

I think you have another problem? Maybe something else is swallowing your key presses?


How to read complete line in 'for' loop with spaces

for loop splits when it sees any whitespace like space, tab, or newline. So, you should use IFS (Internal Field Separator):

IFS=$'\n'       # make newlines the only separator
for j in $(cat ./file_wget_med)
do
    echo "$j"
done
# Note: IFS needs to be reset to default!


Well, i ended up finding that those flashes was caused by vgaswitcheroo switching from gpu to gpu(using dmesg), so i was able to set this feature off using grub and setting radeon.runpm=0 and the problem seens to be fixed!


Just wait a day or so; 12.04.2 got major changes (possibly a newer kernel 3.5) in its package. The delay of it's release was due to testing-purposes that got involved.

I feel it's more wise to install 12.04.2 from scratch than to update 12.04.1 , in the end (unless you have a time issue) a little patience could go a long way.

But if 12.10 works fine, why even bother with a 'downgrade' for 12.04 ? You can easily work with 12.10 for more than a year. And in a year a lot can happen (lol) ;) .


Why does a copied file have a different size?

(Most useful) file systems store files in blocks of (more or less) fixed size. That means a typical file will occupy more space than its logical size because there are some unused bytes left over in one of its file system blocks. The blocks size can vary by file system type and/or can be configured during file system creation which means that the disk usage of the same file on one file system may differ on another.

By default du reports the actual space that files occupy on the drive (i. e. the number of occupied blocks multiplied by the block size).

If you want du to report the (collective) logical file sizes you need to use the --apparent-size option (or -b which implies --apparent-size).

From the du(1) manual:

  --apparent-size – print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal fragmentation,  indirect  blocks,  and the like