Ubuntu 12.04 dvd/rw has stopped mounting and cannot gain access to dvd/rw

Sounds like a hardware issue to me. Namely sounds like your DVD drive has given up the ghost.  What I would recommend is putting a different one in your machine or using an external one.


How to test apache server on Ubuntu Server 10.04 running in VirtualBox?

If you want to test your Apache setup from the host machine, you will need to configure your networking in VirtualBox. There is a great tutorial on that here. Then you would point the browser in your host machine to whatever IP address is assigned to the guest.


The right click LXDE context menu is to be found here:

/usr/share/lxde/openbox/menu.xml


Can't log in after upgrading to Ubuntu 17.04

Like Dolan said check the caps lock. What you have is likely a very common error, probably the most common on askubuntu. This command has gotten me past that same error on a fresh install with 3 different computers and is harmless if it does not work (open the tty1 bash before login with ctrl+alt+F1 and enter your login and password, then input this command):

sudo dpkg --configure -a

This will configure any pending packages which you might need in this case to get past the login screen. I've had to enter that same code at the tty1 on all of my fresh Ubuntu installs before I could login. Then go ahead and do

sudo service lightdm restart

to get you to the login screen again.


Does Ubuntu use segments or pages to allocate main memory?

Intel introduced the concept of memory segmentation in the 286, but the only OS I know of that really used it was OS/2.  All modern operating systems just use paging as the memory protection mechanism.  Why?  Because it is far more flexible.  It isn't easy or convieient to have to divide memory up into entirely disjoint segments and address them separately.  It is far more simple to use a flat memory space that you may or may not configure with different access permissions on different pages.


Partitioning Issues using GParted with Linux

I've removed the VM from VirtualBox altogether and started all over again.

As no help was given since posting this question, the only way forward was to start all over again. The good thing is: I'm now running with more space than actually required.


gnome-fallback package in Ubuntu 13.10 seems to be broken. to fix your issue, you should install xfce desktop and configure the .vnc/.xstartup file in order to start the xfce4 desktop environment.  (you add the line startxfce4 &)  and you should be good to go

Hope this help


This is a strange step to freeze on boot, may be you made an update but not finished correctly? Please make try these steps :

Boot from Any Ubuntu ISO file with an USB stick or DVD. If you don't have one anymore, you can prepare an USB stick with this process http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows
Boot with the live USB or CD, choose "try ubuntu without install it".

Once ready, open terminal and type the following commands

sudo -s
fdisk -l

Try now to identify the partition where your Ubuntu is installed. Usually, the partition is named /dev/sdax, where x is the number of the partition. By example, my hard drive has

/dev/sda3           20923       23507    20755980   83  Linux

You see 83 Linux that's mean the partition /dev/sda3 is formated under Linux (ext4). If you have several Linux partition, you will need probably try the steps bellow several time until you find the partition where Ubuntu is installed.

Now mount the partition like that

mount /dev/sda3 /mnt

Check if it's the right partition

ls /mnt/etc/fstab

If the file exist, you have probably mounted the right partition. Now we will try to fix the Ubuntu installed.

mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
chroot /mnt
apt-get -f install
apt-get clean

If updates was not complete before, the process should be started again and finish the updates. If these steps doesn't fix your issue, check also if you don't have space issue with the following command when your linux partition stills mounted.

df -h

In last resort, you can try to place the few last line of the /mnt/var/log/syslog file content, this may help to identify where is the issue.

Good luck.


Xrandr command in startup script has no effect, but script does run and command work from terminal

I suggest that you use the 'autostart' feature of LXQt.

From the Main Menu

select Settings

select LXQt Configuration Center

select Session Settings

select Autostart

scroll down to and high-light 'LXQT Autostart'

click the Add button and add the action that you want.

This way you will create a desktop file in the directory
~/.config/autostart

When testing, I created screenmode.desktop. You can see it and the result, after logging out and logging in again in this screenshot:

Good luck with your longer and more advanced command line :-)


As per our discussion, you may have some file system errors on sdb. When you're in the root window in emergency mode, check the filesystem by typing fsck -f /dev/sdb (or fsck -f /dev/sdb5). Run the fsck more than once, until you get a clean run. Let me know how you do. Cheers, Al


Tail the last 5 lines, over-writing the last 5 displayed lines when more are added?

Suppose you want to watch the file "file-to-be-watched", the following may do the trick:

watch -n 1 tail -5 file-to-be-watched


Want to disable built-in screen by default

xrandr is a difficult way to perform this; I don't recommend it.

Go to System Settings > Screen Display.

You will see both of your screens.

By selecting a screen, you can modify its defaults such as its resolution — and you can turn it off altogether (slide the ON button to OFF).

Be sure to locate the Launcher on "All displays" so that you don't end up missing the launcher.

The settings should be remembered after rebooting.


Posting a reply, as my comment nailed it: when configuring some NAT on the WAN NIC of your router, then trying to reach your service from a LAN network of your router, a classic issue is related to failing TCP handshake.

On paper, your LAN client wants to connect to a public IP. At which point, either your router doesn't have a NAT rule for your LAN segment, or your router does translate your public IP to the corresponding private IP and then, the service behind your private IP tries to reply directly to your clients' private IP, breaking TCP handshake.

On OpenBSD, I would recommend using relayd on your loopback, and divert traffic to your public IPs (regardless of inbound interface) to this relay. I'm not much familiar with Linux-based routers, I suspect something similar is doable (with haproxy at least).

Now assuming you're on some ISP-provided device, you would have more chances looking into split-horizon DNS - or lying DNS, a cache that would force resolution for some records of yours, like unbound, ...


How to insert Video element in my Ubuntu application?

To install the "QtMultimediaKit" you only need to install the libqtmultimediakit1 package:

sudo apt-get install libqtmultimediakit1

Hopefully, it will install the Qt module that you are missing too.


Can anyone help me to write a utility that we all could use to stop /boot from becoming full?

The main reason why /boot becomes full (I suppose you have a different partition for it) are the kernel upgrades. Every time a new kernel is installed the old one does not get removed for security reasons, so you end up with multiple kernels.

You can follow the instructions from this website:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Lubuntu/Documentation/RemoveOldKernels

It is from the official Ubuntu documentation, and explains the process of removing old kernels. It also has instructions for using a script to do it.

When you are going to remove old kernels, ALWAYS remember to KEEP:

Your current kernel (get its name with the 'uname -r' command);
The previous kernel.

So that you will have your current working kernel and a security version for recovery.

Also remember to regularly purge old kernels (2 in 2 months should be OK) so you clean up your /boot partition. Note that the /boot partition should have about 5GB, have you considered increasing its size?


Will Wireless work if I upgrade to 11.10?

Try using a LIVE USB/CD/DVD version of the Ubuntu distro you want to test.  If your wireless works using a Live USB/CD/DVD you should be fine once you upgrade.


If wifi is not working then , 1st time initially you should connect your pc/laptop with cable/LAN network and try these step:-

Open Additional Drivers option in ubuntu                                                        ( press windows key and find "Additional Drivers" or you can also find this option in "system settings"),

it will automatically find correct drivers for your pc/laptop and choose option to select and install it.

Generally it will find wifi, graphic Proprietary drivers.


Intel based desktop without Nvidia card - how bad can it be?

Integrated GPUs are capable of sufficient 2D and 3D acceleration, the user experience will be about the same for all normal usecases except gaming.

So no, you do not need a dedicated GPU.


Remove links in the navigation pane on the left in the ctrl+O menu

I think this is a bug. Update: I reported it: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gtk+3.0/+bug/1265418

As a workaround, edit the bookmark config file and delete the offending line:

nano -w ~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks


How to make faster first search at Unity-Dash? Way slower than second one

Following topics may help you:-

Question about indexing and search may be found from :- How does Unity's dash index and search work?
Speed up for searching programs, visit How to speed up search for locally installed applications in Ubuntu 13.10's Unity Dash?
Also have a look at How to speed up the Dash response? :- Compiz Config tweak may help.

I know that this is not exact answer of your question as quoted:-

  I guess this is because file index is cleared after a reboot and
  recreated as soon as first Unity Dash search is done.

Is still unanswered and requires more attention.


How do I upgrade to the latest Grub 2.00?

Danger!

  GRUB is your bootloader  -- the first piece of software to start after you switch on your computer, and responsible for loading the operating system.
  Grub 2.00 has not been tested by Ubuntu and any problems may render your system unbootable--including Windows if dual-boot--and will require a LiveCD/LiveUSB and time to fix.

  Unless you simply want to experiment, it is highly recommended to wait for Grub 2.00 to officially make its way into Ubuntu (or at least until 2.00 shows up in Debian Sid or the Quantal alphas!)

  That said, Linux/FOSS is about freedom, and if you get the gun, I'll teach you how to shoot! :)

If you still want to install Grub 2.00 after the warnings above:

You'll have to build it from source. Open the terminal and type/paste:

sudo apt-get build-dep grub2
wget -O- ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-2.00.tar.xz | tar -xJ
cd grub-2.00
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install

Now, you need to install the new Grub to where your existing Grub is. If you don't know where or how to find out, quit now!

If you have a dual-boot system, be especially careful about whether you should install to the disk or to the partition!
Replace sdq as appropriate:

sudo grub-install /dev/sdq
Run sudo update-grub

Reboot, and...it's slightly different...

Advanced Options gives us the reassuring....

But "GNU/Linux" seems to work anyway...

Uninstall?

No guarantees, but sudo apt-get --reinstall install grub2 should overwrite Grub 2.00 with the official 1.99x version.


Annoyances with appindicator icon positions (Ubuntu 14.04.2)

In case you're still looking for an answer: You have to replace underscores with hyphens. So it should read:

Update-Indicator=8


Changed password for user, will ssh still work?

Yes, the user still is able to login only using the keys.

If you setup a SSH key for one of your clients then the preferred options for that client is to use SSH key unless he specifically uses the password authentication method like:

ssh -o PreferredAuthentications=password  host

then he should know the password. If you are looking for a way so no one can login to this account you have to remove the keys:

mv /home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys{,.rm}

then peoply only can login using password, but they still are able to copy their keys to ~/.ssh.

for more flexible rules you have to changes your ssh server configs.


You can use the tool wondershaper to perform that.

This is my network speed before the configuration of wondershaper (I used the tool speedtest-cli to test my network in a terminal) :

And then I limit my speed and perform a new speed test :

This is the command : wondershaper [interface] [downspeed] [upspeed] (kb/s).

To clear the limit use the command sudo wondershaper clear <INT>.

Hope this is what your looking for. Sorry for my english.


You can click on the right top corner (where there is the audio indicator, network indicator and power/battery indicator) and you'll find two sliders, one for the audio and one for the brightness

screenshot showing the two sliders


My wireless/WiFi connection does not work. What information is needed to diagnose the issue?

Wireless Info Script

The easiest and most complete method of gathering information to help diagnose wireless issues is to run the wireless info script we created at the Ubuntu Forums to collect all the most common information needed while masking all sensitive data.

Open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T and run these commands:

wget -N -t 5 -T 10 https://github.com/UbuntuForums/wireless-info/raw/master/wireless-info &&
  chmod +x wireless-info &&
  ./wireless-info

This will create the file "wireless-info.txt" at the location it is run from, and depending on its size, an additional archive called "wireless-info.tar.gz". Sensitive information like MAC addresses and WPA/WEP keys are masked automatically.

If you cannot connect to the internet with the affected system, including via a wired connection, you will have to move files between it and a system connected to the internet. A USB stick would likely be the easiest method for this.

Post the results on paste.ubuntu.com or pastebin.com, and link to it here in your question.

Further details on the script: GitHub page.

Here is an example of the information that the script will collect:

########## wireless info START ##########

Report from: 02 May 2015 23:04 CDT -0500

Booted last: 01 May 2015 00:44 CDT -0500

Script from: 30 Apr 2015 17:23 UTC +0000

##### release ###########################

Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS
Release:    14.04
Codename:   trusty

##### kernel ############################

Linux 3.13.0-49-generic #81-Ubuntu SMP Tue Mar 24 19:29:48 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Parameters: ro, quiet, splash, vt.handoff=7

##### desktop ###########################

GNOME Flashback (Compiz)

##### lspci #############################

02:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Broadcom Corporation NetLink BCM57785 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe [14e4:16b5] (rev 10)
    Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] Device [1025:0647]
    Kernel driver in use: tg3

03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Qualcomm Atheros AR9485 Wireless Network Adapter [168c:0032] (rev 01)
    Subsystem: Lite-On Communications Inc Device [11ad:6617]
    Kernel driver in use: ath9k

##### lsusb #############################

Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 1bcf:2c18 Sunplus Innovation Technology Inc.
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

##### PCMCIA card info ##################

##### rfkill ############################

0: phy0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
1: acer-wireless: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

##### lsmod #############################

acer_wmi               32522  0
sparse_keymap          13948  1 acer_wmi
ath9k                 164164  0
ath9k_common           13551  1 ath9k
ath9k_hw              453856  2 ath9k_common,ath9k
ath                    28698  3 ath9k_common,ath9k,ath9k_hw
mac80211              630669  1 ath9k
cfg80211              484040  3 ath,ath9k,mac80211
wmi                    19177  1 acer_wmi
video                  19476  2 i915,acer_wmi

##### interfaces ########################

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

##### ifconfig ##########################

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
          Interrupt:16

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr
          inet addr:192.168.43.63  Bcast:192.168.43.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: 2600:100c:b004:3fa3:2216:d8ff:fe89:5871/64 Scope:Global
          inet6 addr: fe80::2216:d8ff:fe89:5871/64 Scope:Link
          inet6 addr: 2600:100c:b004:3fa3:9db3:d3ca:cda7:6666/64 Scope:Global
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:227572 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:200363 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:162556355 (162.5 MB)  TX bytes:31143668 (31.1 MB)

##### iwconfig ##########################

eth0      no wireless extensions.

lo        no wireless extensions.

wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:"scubby"
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.437 GHz  Access Point:
          Bit Rate=12 Mb/s   Tx-Power=16 dBm
          Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=70/70  Signal level=-33 dBm
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:150   Missed beacon:0

##### route #############################

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.43.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 wlan0
192.168.43.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     9      0        0 wlan0

##### resolv.conf #######################

nameserver 127.0.1.1
#ubuntuforums-mods
##### NetworkManager info ###############

NetworkManager Tool

State: connected (global)

- Device: wlan0  [scubby] -------------------------------------------------------
  Type:              802.11 WiFi
  Driver:            ath9k
  State:             connected
  Default:           yes
  HW Address:

  Capabilities:
    Speed:           54 Mb/s

  Wireless Properties
    WEP Encryption:  yes
    WPA Encryption:  yes
    WPA2 Encryption: yes

  Wireless Access Points (* = current AP)
    ATT9156:         Infra, , Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 37 WPA2
    taarakian:       Infra, , Freq 2417 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 29 WPA2
    NETGEAR:         Infra, , Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 19 WPA WPA2
    suddenlink.net-1140: Infra, , Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 7 WPA2
    RSS-351540:      Infra, , Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 12 WPA2
    suddenlink.net-9572: Infra, , Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 12 WPA WPA2
    SJI:             Infra, , Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 20 WPA2
    NETGEAR70:       Infra, , Freq 2447 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 5 WPA2
    SUDDENLINK.NET-6E3D: Infra, , Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 39 WEP
    *scubby:          Infra, , Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 85 WPA2
    SJI Guest:       Infra, , Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 12
    ATT677:          Infra, , Freq 2452 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 24 WPA WPA2

  IPv4 Settings:
    Address:         192.168.43.63
    Prefix:          24 (255.255.255.0)
    Gateway:         192.168.43.1

    DNS:             192.168.43.1

- Device: eth0 -----------------------------------------------------------------
  Type:              Wired
  Driver:            tg3
  State:             unavailable
  Default:           no
  HW Address:

  Capabilities:
    Carrier Detect:  yes

  Wired Properties
    Carrier:         off

##### NetworkManager.state ##############

[main]
NetworkingEnabled=true
WirelessEnabled=true
WWANEnabled=true
WimaxEnabled=true

##### NetworkManager.conf ###############

[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile,ofono
dns=dnsmasq

[ifupdown]
managed=false

##### NetworkManager profiles ###########

[[/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/DIRECT-roku-067-072A4B]] (600 root)
[connection] id=DIRECT-roku-067-072A4B | type=802-11-wireless
[802-11-wireless] ssid=DIRECT-roku-067-072A4B | mac-address=
[ipv4] method=auto
[ipv6] method=auto

##### iw reg get ########################

Region: America/Chicago (based on set time zone)

country 00:
    (2402 - 2472 @ 40), (3, 20)
    (2457 - 2482 @ 40), (3, 20), PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
    (2474 - 2494 @ 20), (3, 20), NO-OFDM, PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
    (5170 - 5250 @ 40), (3, 20), PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
    (5735 - 5835 @ 40), (3, 20), PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS

##### iwlist channels ###################

eth0      no frequency information.

lo        no frequency information.

wlan0     13 channels in total; available frequencies :
          Channel 01 : 2.412 GHz
          Channel 02 : 2.417 GHz
          Channel 03 : 2.422 GHz
          Channel 04 : 2.427 GHz
          Channel 05 : 2.432 GHz
          Channel 06 : 2.437 GHz
          Channel 07 : 2.442 GHz
          Channel 08 : 2.447 GHz
          Channel 09 : 2.452 GHz
          Channel 10 : 2.457 GHz
          Channel 11 : 2.462 GHz
          Channel 12 : 2.467 GHz
          Channel 13 : 2.472 GHz
          Current Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)

##### iwlist scan #######################

Channel occupancy:

      2   APs on   Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
      1   APs on   Frequency:2.417 GHz (Channel 2)
      1   APs on   Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
      2   APs on   Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)

eth0      Interface doesn't support scanning.

lo        Interface doesn't support scanning.

wlan0     Scan completed :
          Cell 01 - Address:
                    Channel:6
                    Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
                    Quality=30/70  Signal level=-80 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"Larry"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
                              24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=0000000028511003
                    Extra: Last beacon: 20ms ago
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
          Cell 02 - Address:
                    Channel:1
                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
                    Quality=29/70  Signal level=-81 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"ATT9156"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
                              9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=00000371b6618537
                    Extra: Last beacon: 20ms ago
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
          Cell 03 - Address:
                    Channel:1
                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
                    Quality=28/70  Signal level=-82 dBm
                    Encryption key:off
                    ESSID:"SJI Guest"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
                              9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=000000149eca5197
                    Extra: Last beacon: 2304ms ago
          Cell 04 - Address:
                    Channel:2
                    Frequency:2.417 GHz (Channel 2)
                    Quality=20/70  Signal level=-90 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"taarakian"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
                              9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=00000268fbeb2d80
                    Extra: Last beacon: 1996ms ago
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
          Cell 05 - Address:
                    Channel:11
                    Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
                    Quality=37/70  Signal level=-73 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"SUDDENLINK.NET-6E3D"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s
                              18 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=000001765a3e4af3
                    Extra: Last beacon: 20ms ago
          Cell 06 - Address:
                    Channel:11
                    Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
                    Quality=23/70  Signal level=-87 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"NETGEAR"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
                              24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=00000092d136ec9e
                    Extra: Last beacon: 20ms ago
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : TKIP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK

##### module infos ######################

[ath9k]
filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-49-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath9k/ath9k.ko
license:        Dual BSD/GPL
description:    Support for Atheros 802.11n wireless LAN cards.
author:         Atheros Communications
srcversion:     274594FBD61F5DF88102A4C
depends:        ath9k_hw,mac80211,ath9k_common,cfg80211,ath
intree:         Y
vermagic:       3.13.0-49-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key:        A2:F2:B9:84:B0:F0:3D:B6:0B:A1:EA:08:10:49:37:4C:1A:C3:D9:02
sig_hashalgo:   sha512
parm:           debug:Debugging mask (uint)
parm:           nohwcrypt:Disable hardware encryption (int)
parm:           blink:Enable LED blink on activity (int)
parm:           btcoex_enable:Enable wifi-BT coexistence (int)
parm:           bt_ant_diversity:Enable WLAN/BT RX antenna diversity (int)
parm:           ps_enable:Enable WLAN PowerSave (int)

[ath9k_common]
filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-49-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath9k/ath9k_common.ko
license:        Dual BSD/GPL
description:    Shared library for Atheros wireless 802.11n LAN cards.
author:         Atheros Communications
srcversion:     93644B269B570BC55CF5154
depends:        ath,ath9k_hw
intree:         Y
vermagic:       3.13.0-49-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key:        A2:F2:B9:84:B0:F0:3D:B6:0B:A1:EA:08:10:49:37:4C:1A:C3:D9:02
sig_hashalgo:   sha512

[ath9k_hw]
filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-49-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath9k/ath9k_hw.ko
license:        Dual BSD/GPL
description:    Support for Atheros 802.11n wireless LAN cards.
author:         Atheros Communications
srcversion:     65C14EF588BF1A68181643C
depends:        ath
intree:         Y
vermagic:       3.13.0-49-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key:        A2:F2:B9:84:B0:F0:3D:B6:0B:A1:EA:08:10:49:37:4C:1A:C3:D9:02
sig_hashalgo:   sha512

[ath]
filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-49-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath.ko
license:        Dual BSD/GPL
description:    Shared library for Atheros wireless LAN cards.
author:         Atheros Communications
srcversion:     88A67C5359B02C5A710AFCF
depends:        cfg80211
intree:         Y
vermagic:       3.13.0-49-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key:        A2:F2:B9:84:B0:F0:3D:B6:0B:A1:EA:08:10:49:37:4C:1A:C3:D9:02
sig_hashalgo:   sha512

[mac80211]
filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-49-generic/kernel/net/mac80211/mac80211.ko
license:        GPL
description:    IEEE 802.11 subsystem
srcversion:     29A87AE7782ED3657631C32
depends:        cfg80211
intree:         Y
vermagic:       3.13.0-49-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key:        A2:F2:B9:84:B0:F0:3D:B6:0B:A1:EA:08:10:49:37:4C:1A:C3:D9:02
sig_hashalgo:   sha512
parm:           max_nullfunc_tries:Maximum nullfunc tx tries before disconnecting (reason 4). (int)
parm:           max_probe_tries:Maximum probe tries before disconnecting (reason 4). (int)
parm:           beacon_loss_count:Number of beacon intervals before we decide beacon was lost. (int)
parm:           probe_wait_ms:Maximum time(ms) to wait for probe response before disconnecting (reason 4). (int)
parm:           ieee80211_default_rc_algo:Default rate control algorithm for mac80211 to use (charp)

[cfg80211]
filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-49-generic/kernel/net/wireless/cfg80211.ko
description:    wireless configuration support
license:        GPL
author:         Johannes Berg
srcversion:     176113E009F723E69BE9BAB
depends:
intree:         Y
vermagic:       3.13.0-49-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key:        A2:F2:B9:84:B0:F0:3D:B6:0B:A1:EA:08:10:49:37:4C:1A:C3:D9:02
sig_hashalgo:   sha512
parm:           ieee80211_regdom:IEEE 802.11 regulatory domain code (charp)
parm:           cfg80211_disable_40mhz_24ghz:Disable 40MHz support in the 2.4GHz band (bool)

##### module parameters #################

[ath9k]
blink: 0
bt_ant_diversity: 0
btcoex_enable: 0
nohwcrypt: 0
ps_enable: 0

[mac80211]
beacon_loss_count: 7
ieee80211_default_rc_algo: minstrel_ht
max_nullfunc_tries: 2
max_probe_tries: 5
probe_wait_ms: 500

[cfg80211]
cfg80211_disable_40mhz_24ghz: N
ieee80211_regdom: 00

##### /etc/modules ######################

lp
rtc

##### modprobe options ##################

[/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ath_pci.conf]
blacklist ath_pci

[/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf]
blacklist evbug
blacklist usbmouse
blacklist usbkbd
blacklist eepro100
blacklist de4x5
blacklist eth1394
blacklist snd_intel8x0m
blacklist snd_aw2
blacklist i2c_i801
blacklist prism54
blacklist bcm43xx
blacklist garmin_gps
blacklist asus_acpi
blacklist snd_pcsp
blacklist pcspkr
blacklist amd76x_edac

[/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-rare-network.conf]
alias net-pf-3 off
alias net-pf-6 off
alias net-pf-9 off
alias net-pf-11 off
alias net-pf-12 off
alias net-pf-19 off
alias net-pf-21 off
alias net-pf-36 off

[/etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf]
remove iwlwifi \
(/sbin/lsmod | grep -o -e ^iwlmvm -e ^iwldvm -e ^iwlwifi | xargs /sbin/rmmod) \
&& /sbin/modprobe -r mac80211

[/etc/modprobe.d/mlx4.conf]
softdep mlx4_core post: mlx4_en

##### rc.local ##########################

exit 0

##### pm-utils ##########################

[/etc/pm/power.d/disable_wol] (777 root)
CONFFILE=/etc/default/tlp
LIBDIRS='/usr/lib /usr/lib64'
for d in ${LIBDIRS}; do
    if [ -d "${d}/pm-utils/power.d" ]; then
        blocked="${d}/pm-utils/power.d/${0##*/}"
        break
    fi
done
if [ -n "$blocked" ] && [ -x "$blocked" ]; then
    # else nothing to disable -> don't read $CONFFILE
    if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ] && . "$CONFFILE" && [ "$TLP_ENABLE" = '1' ]; then
        # TLP is enabled -> disable $blocked
        echo "Notice: '${blocked}' disabled by TLP."
    else
        exec "$blocked" $*
    fi
fi
exit 0

[/etc/pm/power.d/laptop-mode] (777 root)
CONFFILE=/etc/default/tlp
LIBDIRS='/usr/lib /usr/lib64'
for d in ${LIBDIRS}; do
    if [ -d "${d}/pm-utils/power.d" ]; then
        blocked="${d}/pm-utils/power.d/${0##*/}"
        break
    fi
done
if [ -n "$blocked" ] && [ -x "$blocked" ]; then
    # else nothing to disable -> don't read $CONFFILE
    if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ] && . "$CONFFILE" && [ "$TLP_ENABLE" = '1' ]; then
        # TLP is enabled -> disable $blocked
        echo "Notice: '${blocked}' disabled by TLP."
    else
        exec "$blocked" $*
    fi
fi
exit 0

[/etc/pm/power.d/pci_devices] (777 root)
CONFFILE=/etc/default/tlp
LIBDIRS='/usr/lib /usr/lib64'
for d in ${LIBDIRS}; do
    if [ -d "${d}/pm-utils/power.d" ]; then
        blocked="${d}/pm-utils/power.d/${0##*/}"
        break
    fi
done
if [ -n "$blocked" ] && [ -x "$blocked" ]; then
    # else nothing to disable -> don't read $CONFFILE
    if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ] && . "$CONFFILE" && [ "$TLP_ENABLE" = '1' ]; then
        # TLP is enabled -> disable $blocked
        echo "Notice: '${blocked}' disabled by TLP."
    else
        exec "$blocked" $*
    fi
fi
exit 0

[/etc/pm/power.d/pcie_aspm] (777 root)
CONFFILE=/etc/default/tlp
LIBDIRS='/usr/lib /usr/lib64'
for d in ${LIBDIRS}; do
    if [ -d "${d}/pm-utils/power.d" ]; then
        blocked="${d}/pm-utils/power.d/${0##*/}"
        break
    fi
done
if [ -n "$blocked" ] && [ -x "$blocked" ]; then
    # else nothing to disable -> don't read $CONFFILE
    if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ] && . "$CONFFILE" && [ "$TLP_ENABLE" = '1' ]; then
        # TLP is enabled -> disable $blocked
        echo "Notice: '${blocked}' disabled by TLP."
    else
        exec "$blocked" $*
    fi
fi
exit 0

[/etc/pm/power.d/sched-powersave] (777 root)
CONFFILE=/etc/default/tlp
LIBDIRS='/usr/lib /usr/lib64'
for d in ${LIBDIRS}; do
    if [ -d "${d}/pm-utils/power.d" ]; then
        blocked="${d}/pm-utils/power.d/${0##*/}"
        break
    fi
done
if [ -n "$blocked" ] && [ -x "$blocked" ]; then
    # else nothing to disable -> don't read $CONFFILE
    if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ] && . "$CONFFILE" && [ "$TLP_ENABLE" = '1' ]; then
        # TLP is enabled -> disable $blocked
        echo "Notice: '${blocked}' disabled by TLP."
    else
        exec "$blocked" $*
    fi
fi
exit 0

[/etc/pm/power.d/usb_bluetooth] (777 root)
CONFFILE=/etc/default/tlp
LIBDIRS='/usr/lib /usr/lib64'
for d in ${LIBDIRS}; do
    if [ -d "${d}/pm-utils/power.d" ]; then
        blocked="${d}/pm-utils/power.d/${0##*/}"
        break
    fi
done
if [ -n "$blocked" ] && [ -x "$blocked" ]; then
    # else nothing to disable -> don't read $CONFFILE
    if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ] && . "$CONFFILE" && [ "$TLP_ENABLE" = '1' ]; then
        # TLP is enabled -> disable $blocked
        echo "Notice: '${blocked}' disabled by TLP."
    else
        exec "$blocked" $*
    fi
fi
exit 0

[/etc/pm/power.d/wireless] (777 root)
CONFFILE=/etc/default/tlp
LIBDIRS='/usr/lib /usr/lib64'
for d in ${LIBDIRS}; do
    if [ -d "${d}/pm-utils/power.d" ]; then
        blocked="${d}/pm-utils/power.d/${0##*/}"
        break
    fi
done
if [ -n "$blocked" ] && [ -x "$blocked" ]; then
    # else nothing to disable -> don't read $CONFFILE
    if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ] && . "$CONFFILE" && [ "$TLP_ENABLE" = '1' ]; then
        # TLP is enabled -> disable $blocked
        echo "Notice: '${blocked}' disabled by TLP."
    else
        exec "$blocked" $*
    fi
fi
exit 0

[/etc/pm/power.d/xfs_buffer] (777 root)
CONFFILE=/etc/default/tlp
LIBDIRS='/usr/lib /usr/lib64'
for d in ${LIBDIRS}; do
    if [ -d "${d}/pm-utils/power.d" ]; then
        blocked="${d}/pm-utils/power.d/${0##*/}"
        break
    fi
done
if [ -n "$blocked" ] && [ -x "$blocked" ]; then
    # else nothing to disable -> don't read $CONFFILE
    if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ] && . "$CONFFILE" && [ "$TLP_ENABLE" = '1' ]; then
        # TLP is enabled -> disable $blocked
        echo "Notice: '${blocked}' disabled by TLP."
    else
        exec "$blocked" $*
    fi
fi
exit 0

##### udev rules ########################

[/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules]
# PCI device 0x14e4:0x16b5 (tg3)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
# PCI device 0x168c:0x0032 (ath9k)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="wlan*", NAME="wlan0"
# USB device 0x:0x (rndis_host)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"

##### dmesg #############################

[53764.123272] wlan0: deauthenticating from  by local choice (reason=3)
[53766.341705] ath: phy0: ASPM enabled: 0x43
[53769.663996] ath9k 0000:03:00.0: no hotplug settings from platform
[53770.839058] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready
[53772.588289] wlan0: authenticate with
[53772.612650] wlan0: send auth to  (try 1/3)
[53772.614687] wlan0: authenticated
[53772.614954] wlan0: AP has invalid WMM params (AIFSN=1 for ACI 2), disabling WMM
[53772.615474] wlan0: associate with  (try 1/3)
[53772.618314] wlan0: RX AssocResp from  (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=1)
[53772.618513] wlan0: associated
[53772.618541] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready
[53772.771949] wlan0: deauthenticating from  by local choice (reason=2)
[53772.783893] wlan0: authenticate with
[53772.801865] wlan0: send auth to  (try 1/3)
[53772.803896] wlan0: authenticated
[53772.804020] wlan0: AP has invalid WMM params (AIFSN=1 for ACI 2), disabling WMM
[53772.807642] wlan0: associate with  (try 1/3)
[53772.810355] wlan0: RX AssocResp from  (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=1)
[53772.810561] wlan0: associated

########## wireless info END ############


12.04 LiveUSB turns to black screen on Test Installation

Please see the following link:

how to set nomodset for installation

you need to set nomodeset option in your grub file.


How can I open the Applications and Files lenses from command line?

Install the package xdotool, then you can:

Open the Applications lens:

xdotool keydown super sleep 0.1 key a keyup super

Open the Files lens:

xdotool keydown super sleep 0.1 key f keyup super

Open the Music lens:

xdotool keydown super sleep 0.1 key m keyup super


You can pull the image:

docker pull rotemsecupi/ubuntu1204-openbravo-new

And start a container:

docker run -d -p 80:80 rotemsecupi/ubuntu1204-openbravo-new


I've found the solution on horzion web UI. Goto:

Projects-> select admin-> Manage Members-> Modify quotas-> Network

here we can modify the quote that are set by default on Openstack.


Need to wipe and reinstall drive. Partition question?

In the end, I couldn't get to the firmware configuration through any key or software.

I wound up opening my laptop, removing HDD and CMOS, "power on" for 20 seconds to drain, replaced old CMOS battery with a new one (hey, it's been five year), booted (Operating System Not Found), powered down, reconnected HDD,rebooted, and voila, I'm back in Win10 with an option to boot Ubuntu from hardware.

Thanks all, esp oldfred, now I will delete partitions 6 and 7 (bios boot and new ubuntu install) and I'll be back to last week.

Now I just need to resize my Ubuntu partition which is where I was when Istarted this mess.  I will research more carefully.

Pallama


we access other's PC in network through putty tool, Is it possible the same using commands (CML)?

putty is a windows program. I know people running it under wine but this is still a GUI program and not a command-line (i.e. terminal-based) one.

You could use ssh. To specify the port use option -p:

ssh -p 8080 user@host


Downloading and playing audio from cache

You can use clipconverter.cc to download audio from youtube or if you want to know about terminal read this http://www.tecmint.com/useful-basic-commands-of-apt-get-and-apt-cache-for-package-management/


Unable to fix GRUB for dual-boot after BIOS update (using boot-repair)

in the command, replace grub* by grub-common. The error should disappear.


Ubuntu 16.04 doesn't boot (radeon VCE init error -22)

Even after trying multiple fresh installs of Ubuntu 16.04, it didn't materialize. I think radeon R5 M430 graphics card is not compatible with 16.04. So finally I installed Ubuntu 17.04 on my machine, which as of now is working, but keeps giving error messages.


Unable to locate package php5-mysqlnd-ms

I tried sudo apt-get install php-mysqlnd and it said I need to explicitly choose one to install. So this worked for me:

sudo apt-get install php5.6-mysql

Don't forget to restart apache


Java (and other plugins like Flash) is not supported anymore inside of the browser, at least not in the major browsers available on Linux like Chrome or Firefox. The only known bigger browser that still supports the Java Plugin is Internet Explorer I think, but of course that browser is not available on Linux.


It's typed, but you don't see stars. Try typing it then hitting Enter. Does it help?


Ubuntu 12.04 very slow on samsung netbook

I would suggest that you try installing the "Gnome" package from the Ubuntu software centre, this means that you will be able to to choose to boot into "Gnome Classic" at login where you will be presented with the traditional Gnome 2.x UI found in Ubuntu 10.04. This seems to make my netbook run faster than with Unity (I even wrote an article about it on my blog here, when it was still in beta)

Although I still use Unity 3d with my netbook as I LOVE unity.

If you still want to experience Unity but can't live with the speed that your getting try logging in to "Unity 2d" as this will put less strain on your processor. Or another option would be to upgrade your RAM as this will also improve Unity's performance.


That is different solution, which works in Ubuntu 11.10:

You will need start-up script.
Save it to /etc/init.d/dropbox

groupadd dropbox
usermod -aG dropbox root
chmod +x /etc/init.d/dropbox
update-rc.d dropbox defaults

Change root in second code line above with your needs. Make sure you don't forget the -a switch in usermod - especially when you use

Run Dropbox manually for first time

/root/.dropbox-dist/dropbox

Change command above with your environment.

Copy URL it gives you (do not stop or interrupt program, just copy URL).
Paste the URL to the Browser, confirm password.
You will see Dropbox confirmation, that it is connected.
Now you can interrupt Dropbox by Ctrl+C.
Reboot to try autostart.
If it not starts, run Dropbox manually once again and look up for any messages or errors.


Wine doesn't run Metatrader 4 | asks for Proxy

You're supposed to copy the MT4 folder from a windows pc, You will find it in the "Program Files". Copy the MT4 folder into Ubuntu, and just run the "Terminal.exe" app. Works like a charm.


Ubuntu 16.04 LTS: Can't get bluetooth mouse to work

See this bug report and the comments:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/bluez/+bug/1510570

What worked for me under Ubuntu 16.04 was editing /etc/bluetooth/main.conf

Uncommenting #[Policy] to [Policy]
and uncommenting + activating #AutoEnable=false to AutoEnable=true

Additionally I commented all lines in 50-bluetooth-hci-auto-poweron.rules in /lib/udev/rules.d/ (put a # in front of every line).

Reboot and pair the mouse using:

$ bluetoothctl
$ agent on
$ default-agent
$ pairable on
$ scan on
$ devices (to see the devices and macs that you want to pair)
$ pair <dev mac>
$ trust <dev mac>
$ connect <dev mac>


What is the easiest way to reinstall 14.04 LTS? Redux

One option is to create an Ubuntu Live CD, boot from that and install onto your hard drive, wiping out any existing non-working partitions.


Can't bootUbuntu 64-bit using Virtual Box on host Windows 7 64-bit

You must also enable 64 bit support for that particular VM -- to save you overhead, Virtual Box defaults to 32-bit VMs.

This is per Virtualbox's Manual -- The other thing you may want to check is that you have hardware virtualization extensions enabled in your system's own bios, as the manual points out 64 bit virtualization is not delivered by the software virtualization engine.


When will Asus EEE Ubuntu netbooks be for sale?

This is a link of an ASUS reseller who is dealing with Ubuntu preloaded.

Great to see Ubuntu making inroads to the normal Windows dominated market!

http://www.laptops-with-purpose.com/info/about-us


how to change external HDD name/drive in ubuntu like in windows

You can use different tools, depending on your knowledge or expectations. The technical operation to perform is to change the partition label of the partition on your external HDD.

For the GUI, there is Disks as already mentionned or gparted. Choose to change the partition label.

If you want to use the command line in a terminal, you need to know the filesystem of your partition, because the tool is different for each FS.

For NTFS (you need to properly unmount it in Windows if you dual-boot. In the systray, click the up-arrow and then the usb key, and then your hdd),

sudo ntfslabel /dev/sdcx MYNEWLABEL

For ext4,

sudo tune2fs -L MYNEWLABEL /dev/sdcx

For XFS,

sudo xfs_admin -L MYNEWLABEL /dev/sdcx

For btrfs,

sudo btrfs filesystem label <mountpoint/device> MYNEWLABEL

Note: the label does not need to be all capitals.

You can use lsblk to find your partition device name


Does Ubuntu One offer a corporate account

Not at this moment in time. Ubuntu One is a fairly new service though, I would expect more options to show up in time. As of right now there is only the Basic Account and the Mobile Account.


Wubi install Ubuntu key combinations not working

If Alt+SysRq R-E-I-S-U-B is not working and you've made sure you're doing it correctly and there is no hard drive activity at all - then I've powered off before with no issues.

But if you are running a Wubi install with a broken Windows and you don't have current, synchronized data - you are taking a lot of chances with that data. When you have free cloud-based storage services such as Ubuntu One, Google Drive, Mega.co.nz(?), DropBox and others, there really is no reason not to have backups.


Cannot conect to the internet using chromium or firefox

First of all make sure that you really have an internet connection. To do that open a Terminal and type:

ping -c 2 google.com

You should receive something like:

PING google.com (173.194.39.137) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from bud02s03-in-f9.1e100.net (173.194.39.137): icmp_req=1 ttl=55 time=2.99 ms
64 bytes from bud02s03-in-f9.1e100.net (173.194.39.137): icmp_req=2 ttl=55 time=3.10 ms

--- google.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.993/3.051/3.109/0.058 ms

If not, you have problems with your internet connection. If the connection works, then disable IPv6 as follows:
Type in Terminal:

sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf

And paste these lines at the end of the file:

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

Save, quit, and type:

sudo sysctl -p

See if the browsers work.


lxde and internet connection lost after updating

this command fixed the internet disconnection problem for me sudo dhclient <logical name>

for me my logical name was ens33 sudo dhclient ens33

that's how to know you logical name
use this command sudo lshw -class network

then to fix you internet connection

sudo dhclient <logical name>

then I used this command to install the gui to fix the xsession and lxde gui problem

sudo apt-get install lxde


How to do advanced MIDI keyboard routing?

Splitting keys by color is so unusual that there is no software that can do this automatically.

You have to do some programming yourself, but there are MIDI filter platforms that make it easer, such as mididings or midish.


It looks like you need to install grub2 manually:

Boot from your ubuntu installation usb flashdrive with Try without installing option
Open terminal and do the next:

sudo mount /dev/sda5 /mnt
sudo mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/boot/efi
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
sudo chroot /mnt
grub-install /dev/sda
update-grub

Reference

But I recommend you to backup all important data before this. It should not destroy your data. But to avoid stress better do backups of important data every time you're working with partitions.


From man mount, in the section for ext3 (14.04, 16.04):

ordered
     This is the default mode.  All data  is  forced  directly
     out  to  the main file system prior to its metadata being
     committed to the journal.

And for ext4:

The  options  journal_dev,  noload,  data,  commit,  orlov,   oldalloc,
[no]user_xattr [no]acl, bsddf, minixdf, debug, errors, data_err, grpid,
bsdgroups, nogrpid sysvgroups,  resgid,  resuid,  sb,  quota,  noquota,
grpquota and usrquota are backwardly compatible with ext3 or ext2.

So, the default is ordered unless otherwise specified.

  How can the behavior of automounting or mounting via a click on the
  partition in Nautilus be changed?

Is setting default mount options for udisks really not possible?


Chrome closing by itself and sometimes not starting at all.

Install Chromium from the Software Center and it should work fine. If you installed chrome from the SC, download the deb from the install site. Make sure it is 32 bit or 64 bit just like your system.


How was I supposed to make my BIOS boot on sda1/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi file?

sudo grub-install --efi-directory=/boot/efi /dev/sda should be correct, given that:

/dev/sda is the hard drive you installed Ubuntu on
/boot/efi is where your EFI System Partition (ESP) is mounted.
You booted in EFI mode.

You can quickly check this by looking at the output of the following command:

$ mount | grep efi
none on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw)

How were you supposed to know this? It's not your fault. You should have been given proper instructions on how to properly install your operating system or troubleshoot your issue effectively. On the other side the highly praised freedom that Linux and FOSS can bring to you can only be achieved by learning how things work. Unfortunately, you would have to look into the log file that boot-repair creates and know what to do with this data.

tl;dr: Some manpages are really useful. No, I'm not an RTFM type guy. I too like to get pointed to the specific paragraph, section or option that solves my problem before considering reading the entire page.

Try them all out to know what they are for. As Rod Smith already said, boot-repair creates duplicates (because it doesn't know what it's doing). Alternatively you could create and compare their hashes.
You could zip the files of the .efi programmes you don't want, then run sudo update-grub and verify that the menu still contains the entries necessary to boot Ubuntu and Windows (view the configuration file with nano /boot/grub/grub.cfg). If something is missing just unzip the files again.

Do not confuse the GRUB menu with the UEFI boot menu.

How do I remove "Ubuntu" in the bios boot menu? (UEFI)


Full installation into the live USB drive

In order to install Ubuntu (or Xubuntu or another Ubuntu community flavour) into a USB (pen)drive, you can follow the instructions in the following link to an answer here at AskUbuntu,

Boot Ubuntu from external drive.
It is possible to install into the same drive that you have booted from: use the boot option toram, but it is not recommended, because if you make a mistake, you must start from the beginning again (to create a live drive).
It will be much safer and easier if you disconnect (or unplug) the internal drive before you start installing.


I usually list the files in /dev, plug in the device, list the files in /dev again, and look to see which special file appeared. You could also redirect the output of each listing to two different files and use diff to show you which special file appeared when you plugged in the device:

ls /dev > notplugged
# plug in device
ls /dev > plugged
diff notplugged plugged

Once you know what file corresponds to the device (it's usually something like /dev/ttyUSB0), you just use that file in place of <port>.

Edit: Apparently dmesg can tell you which device file corresponds to your device. Run dmesg | grep tty after plugging in your device. The device file should be apparent in one of the lines.


How do I delete a previous OS and expand my current OS partition?

When resizing a partition you need to consider to which side the partition will grow, if you want to grow to the right for example, you don't need sda3 and want sda2 to use that space the solution is deleting sda3 and resizing sda2, but in your case you want to resize sda3 to the left(taking sda2 space), the solution for this is more involved:
BEFORE THIS CREATE A BACKUP OF YOUR DATA

Boot in to a live iso with gparted installed.
Delete the windows partition (sda2)
move the ubuntu partition to the left(sda3) DO NOT RESIZE THE PARTITION YET
once the move operation is complete you can resize the partition to the right.
if you are using a bios system then recreate the GRUB install, but if you are using an EFi system this step is not required.

and that's it.
NOTE: UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCE CANCEL OR STOP THE MOVE OR RESIZE OPERATIONS OR YOU WILL LOSE ALL YOUR DATA!


Go to System settings and select Language Support app then do the steps like in screen shot:

Then restart the system for the change to take effect.


Can't log in: Upgraded to Ubuntu 16.04 invalidated my public ssh-keys, changed to PasswordAuthentication no and now I can't get back in

If you can't boot into a root shell you're kinda boned. I've seen this happen before when people forget to change the access on the key file. The recommended method is to attempt to use the key before turning off password based authentication.

If it's an instance in a cloud, call your provider and have them reset the password (which may not be free or even offered.)

If it's an actual box and you have someone that's nearby, call them and bribe them with pizza.

Otherwise, need to get in your car.

When you get to the computer, hit whatever magic F-key gets you into a boot menu on boot, and then select "root shell". Mount the file system as writable. Then edit the configuration file back to where it started and try again.

Also, I normally do this while I'm sitting in front of the box for this exact reason. In a VPS case, I practice the method on a local box first to make sure I have it right.


can't comeback on lock screen after closing laptop

Update your kernel and make sure nouveau is disabled. Check out my post here https://medium.com/@pwaterz/how-to-dual-boot-windows-10-and-ubuntu-18-04-on-the-15-inch-dell-xps-9570-with-nvidia-1050ti-gpu-4b9a2901493d. I documented the steps for doing both of those.


Is making a clean install enough to remove potential malware?

Malware cannot usually be installed in the BIOS (it is read only), and also Ubuntu is not very open to malware (it should be the least of your worries, to be honest, and that issue has been covered on this site before).

If you did get malware however, reinstalling (so long as the contents of the affected directory are not preserved) would work. However, you should not even have to go this far, as often times, simply deleting or replacing the affected files should fix it.

Someone having physical access gives them a lot of power over the system, but it highly unlikely for them to put anything in your BIOS, so just a reinstall of the OS should be enough.


This worked for me on Ubuntu 17.10. Please modify the path as necessary.

cp /usr/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop /home/<username>/Desktop/

and then

chmod 750 /home/<username>/Desktop/chromium-browser.desktop


I have realised that if I restart the mouse twice in a row, the touchpad is recognised as such and starts working for a period of time.

sudo  modprobe -r psmouse

sudo  modprobe psmouse

Then, it is recognised back as a generic mouse and stops working.

It is a temporary fix, as I have to restart the mouse constantly...

I have also logged a bug on launchpad:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1882388


Ubuntu 18.04: ssh won't let me login to another computer on my small home network

Trying to log in to a non-existing IP address,

$ ssh root@192.168.1.11
ssh: connect to host 192.168.1.11 port 22: No route to host

Trying to log in to my [local] server at an existing IP address,

$ ssh root@192.168.1.10
root@192.168.0.10's password:

No route to host indicates that the IP address is wrong or that there is a problem with the LAN, for example that the router is not working or configured correctly.

You can install and use arp-scan to scan for the connected IP and MAC addresses,

sudo apt update
sudo apt install arp-scan

sudo arp-scan -lv  # minus ell vee


Can I make my Ubuntu make sounds when I press Caps Lock etc.?

Ok, so I got this to work with xbindkeys.

We will use Beep as notification sound.

To install Beep:

sudo apt-get install beep

It is necessary to enable the speaker in recent versions.

modprobe pcspkr

Ok, now for the notification script:
First make a new file, and save it as notification.sh.

Insert this piece of script(smallest script ever?):

beep

and save it.
Place it somewhere safe, for this little "tut" I will place it in /home/notification/
Now we need xbindkeys:

sudo apt-get install xbindkeys

Once it is installed, go to your home folder, and make a new file named:".xbindkeysrc".
This file is required for xbindkeys, without, it doesn't function.
Open this file with a text editor.

Now we do need the keynumbers xbindkeys requires.
To get those, open terminal, and enter:

xbindkeys -k

A windows will popup, and then you are to press the key you want the code from, eg. Capslock.

You will see something like:

  in $HOME/.xbindkeysrc to bind a key. "NoCommand"
      m:0x2 + c:66
      Caps_Lock

Now, we only need the m:0x2 + c:66 part(might be different for you).
Write those down(in a text editor or something) and repeat the process until you got all your keys.

Now, remember the xbindkeysrc we opened in the texteditor? We are going to add the following:

"bash /home/notification/notification.sh"

This line will tell what the xbindkeys has to do when certain keys are pressed.
The next line we will add is the keycode(s), like this:

m:0x2 + c:66

if you want the same thing to happen with multiple keys, you must separate the keys, like this:

m:0x2 + c:66 || m:0x3 + c:67

The || means OR, this is not relevant for you.

A logout/login could be necessary to map the beep to the Caps Lock (for example).

I hope that this guide was useful for you and others.


Upgraded a virtual guest system: /dev/disk/uuid... does not exit

I had a similar problem on a physical machine. It looks like it had rebooted during an update, and had left grub booting a kernel image (3.13.0-45-generic) that was unable to find my hard drives, and didn't have an entry for /dev/disk/by-uuid/.

I solved the problem by booting from an older kernel, and then completing the upgrade. This gave me 3.13.0-53-generic, which seems to work better.

1) Boot to the grub prompt, press 'e' to view the boot script for the current (broken) boot process. Take a photo of the screen.
2) Press ESC, then 'c' to get to the GRUB command prompt.
3) Check the contents of the boot directory on your root drive, to see what kernels you have available. (Replace hd0,msdos3 with whatever your root is):

grub> ls (hd0,msdos3)/boot/
grub/ .... vmlinuz-3.13.0-45-generic vmlinuz-3.2.0-70-generic initrd.img-3.13.0-45-generic initrd.img-3.2.0-70-generic

4) Boot from the older kernel. (Refer to your photo for the exact commands and the root UUID=... . Use tab-completion to get the spelling exactly right, and use the same version number for vmlinuz and initrd.img):

grub> set root='hd0,msdos3'
grub> linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-70-generic root=UUID=xxx[replace this]xx ro
grub> initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-70-generic
grub> boot

(It may take a few tries to get everything right. If the UUID doesn't work, try root=/dev/sda3 -- or whatever Linux calls your root disk+partition.)


How to authenticate with a user's Gitlab username and password through a bash executable

So it seems as if this question is not receiving that many answers. I would like to share my answer to this: do not implement this.

I figured this out after finding out that what I actually thought this verification was would download a private repo on Gitlab. HOWEVER, it does not, as it depends on the account of the user that is linked to the repo.

My solution is to warn them that before they continue the script, they add the SSH key to their account. Not a sure-fire way to work always, but it seems to work for me at the moment.

Thanks :)


Holding Super Key doesn't show Unity shortcuts in 14.04?

Unity Tweak Tool

Unity / Additional / Hold Super for keyboard shortcuts

or via compizconfig-settings-manager:

CompizConfig Settings Manager

Ubuntu Unity Plugin / General / Enable Shortcut Hints Overlay


What's the status of Raspberry Pi support?

I think you will have more luck with Raspbian distribution. It is debian based and geared specifically for the Raspberry Pi.


cronjob to remove directories that are smaller than x in size

find . -type d -size -200M will return every directory smaller than 200MB, you can also give the -maxdepth parameter to avoid going recursively into those smaller directories.

To automatically remove them, pipe to xargs, e.g. find . -type d -size -200M -maxdepth 1|xargs rm -rf

Be sure to test this thoroughly before you actually pass the command to rm. There is no "undelete" or "trash" you can pull stuff back from!!!


Laptop won't boot after I deleted Ubuntu partition

Reset your BIOS by unplugging the CMOS batt, then start the computer again, which will give you an error, forcing you into BIOS set up. At that point I just set my CD drive to boot before the HD, which loaded up my Super Grub Disk.


The solution is in vandium's answer to this question: How do I add new locations to right-click menu of “Files” launcher in Ubuntu dock?

A new version of org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop in ~/.local/share/applications is the right way to go, but as vanadium included, change the dbus line to read

DBusActivatable=false

Thanks vanadium.


Can an infected DVD+RW affect a Linux PC?

It's not really possible, but to be sure you can boot from a live CD and from there use chkrootkit and clamav to check for infections.

In general, never log in as root! Just don't. It's dangerous and completely unnecessary. Whatever you want to do, almost everything can be done via sudo. There's a reason you can't log in as root per default, and there's a reason that sudo exists.


How do I install Windscribe VPN if their repository is forbidden in the country?

i found a solution

visit: https://windscribe.com/guides/linux
with your mobile (use an android vpn)

in the website click on "Give Me Binaries" button

download the Windscribe for your linux distro

copy the .deb file to linux and install the downloaded .deb file

open terminal and write this code:
windscribe login

enter your user name and password

write this code to connect:
windscribe connect

enjoy!


VLAN / Netplan / Ubuntu / configuration for static IPs creates additional dynamic IPs

I found out that dhcpd5 was installed. After disabling dhcpd5 the problem was solved.


Alternate Installing Ubuntu 12.04 on new Vaio svz (RAID0)

A system disk can have a maximum of 5 partitions, 1 boot and 4 other.

On the SVZ with Windows you have one recovery (that I recommend you keep), one boot, one windows, leaving space for two partitions. (incl. any linux partitions). Hibernate uses one partition also - which means there's room for only one more. To top it off, you can have a maximum of three primary partitions.

If your going to install linux on the SVZ I recommend the following:

-Keep your vaio recovery partition
-Remove your hibernate/rapid wake partition and function and allocate enough space here for linux (20GB or whatever you need)

When installing Linux you stick with only one partition, the root (/) partition. Thus not having a separate swap partition (you can add a swap file to the root (/) if you need swap. Your /home will be a folder on the root (/) partition.

When partitioning the drive, write down the mapper-name of the raid-disk (isw_xxxxxx_xxxx) as you'll need that information later when setting up the GRUB bootloader.

When you get to the GRUB installation, install it under /dev/mapper/isw_xxxxxxxx_xxxx

Good luck!


Shell theme selection is disabled in Tweaks tool in Ubuntu 17.10

Install and activate a GNOME extension called User Themes.

It lets you activate GNOME shell themes even from directories (~/.themes or ~/.local/share/themes) in your home.


Lock is a function of the screensaver. It will stop working if your screensaver is not running - for example, if it gets removed your start-up applications.

Go to: Settings > Session and Start-Up > Application Autostart

And check: [x] screensaver.

Otherwise, it may not be likely your screensaver would stop working unless it has actually been removed. It is operated by the script called xflock4, which you will find in the directory /usr/bin/. It checks for three different possible screensavers and will run whichever one happens to be there: xscreensaver, light-locker or gnome-screensaver. To rule out the possibility that your problem is that you somehow lost your screensaver, simply attempt to install one (e.g. with the command 'sudo apt-get install xscreensaver'). If the program is already installed, it will tell you so. It seems the xfce4 panel button to 'lock screen' runs xflock4. It should also be set to operate by keyboard shortcut (CTRL-shift-L), which you can see by going: Settings > Keyboard > Application Shortcuts.


Website is just down, try again in a few minutes


Ubuntu boots to black screen with multiboot on Nexus 7

I have an image file of ubuntu from February 12th that boots fine on my Nexus 7 using multirom. Only issue I have is graphical bugs during the installation. I had to restart it the first time in order to get the install window to show up as well. If you want, I can try to upload a copy somewhere.

Edit: Here's a link for anyone that wants to try it. https://www.dropbox.com/s/8mavvaojwdnlahf/raring-preinstalled-desktop-armhf%2Bnexus7.img.gz


you can use find. In your case you can run

find -maxdepth 1 -iname 'jre*'

Explanation:

find searches for files/directories with the given parameters: -maxdepth 1 restricts the search to the current directory. Otherwise, it would search in all subdirectories too. -iname takes the pattern and searches case insensitive. The pattern itself 'jre*' means the string should begin with "jre" and the continue with a arbitrary number of cahracters.

Alternatively, if you want to use grep:

ls | grep -i '^jre'

-i toggles case-insensitive search and the ^ results in finding only matches with "jre" at the beginning


No shutdown splash screen on Ubuntu with new Nvidia card and D-sub monitor

sudo apt-get install v86d
gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Replace the matching content with:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset video=uvesafb:mode_option=1024x768-24, mtrr=3, scroll=ywrap"
GRUB_GFXMODE=1024x768
GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep

Then:

gksudo gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules

add this:

uvesafb mode_option=1024x768-24 mtrr=3 scroll=ywrap

backup your /etc/X11/xorg.conf if it exists and execute:

echo FRAMEBUFFER=y | sudo tee /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash
sudo update-initramfs -u
sudo update-grub2

restore your /etc/X11/xorg.conf


I had this issue after removing the gnome keyring.  Reinstalling the keyring fixed it.  But another workaround I found is to attempt to connect, let it fail, and then you can "edit" the connection.  In the Edit window, you can add the password.


New install desktop Ubuntu 19.04 shows error message: ucsi_ccg 0-0008: failed to reset PPM!

I had the same entries in my log. also my computer had a 50 second hang after resuming from suspend during which desktop is black.
ucsi_ccg is a modprobe module for nvidia gpu type-c controller.
as described here this problem appeared in kernel 5.3.x+.
as workaround you can disable this module by creating /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-usb.conf with a blacklist ucsi_ccg content and rebooting your computer.
Note:
Blacklisting of this module disables the usb-c connector on the video card.


The standard icon for Unity Dash is the /usr/share/unity/icons/launcher_bfb.png file . I don't know whether one can safely replace it, but assuming some themes have an alternative icon for the launcher, I assume it is possible.


The executable is a shell script with the name CmapTools. Per default, the installation folder is IHMC CmapTools. If you have installed in /root, the path to the executable is

/root/IHMC\ CmapTools/CmapTools

If you haven't changed any path in the installation process, your path is

/home/theo/IHMC\ CmapTools/CmapTools

For a better desktop integration, create a desktop file.

You could search the file in your system via

find / -type f -name 'CmapTools' 2>/dev/null

Another thing, maybe its interesting, is Uninstall\ CmapTools in the same path to remove the application.


How to create a Windows 8 startup disk from ubuntu?

Crazy answer, Install VirtualBox, Install Win8 to VBox, Boot new VBox image, use the Windows7 USB DVD tool, and install to machine.


Some routers and Windows systems won't be able to connect via hostname. Your router may have a method of manually setting hostnames to a specific MAC or IP address, which could solve the problem.

I solved the problem inserting next line in hosts file from Windows (for me, in Windows 7, this file is located in C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc):

192.168.0.2 ubuntuhostname


How do I get the bugs I'm seeing in empathy addressed?

The Ubuntu folks use LaunchPad for this. The best guide for submitting bugs is here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs


How to prevent a user from adding or removing printers?

This could be done using a PolKit policy. There are a few printer-related Polkit actions:

$ pkaction | grep -i print
org.opensuse.cupspkhelper.mechanism.printer-enable
org.opensuse.cupspkhelper.mechanism.printer-local-edit
org.opensuse.cupspkhelper.mechanism.printer-remote-edit
org.opensuse.cupspkhelper.mechanism.printer-set-default
org.opensuse.cupspkhelper.mechanism.printeraddremove

The last one seems to be the most relevant. Create a .pkla file in /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d named, say, disable-printer-change.pkla, containing:

[Printer addition, removal]
Identity=unix-user:geraldo
Action=org.opensuse.cupspkhelper.mechanism.printeraddremove
ResultAny=no
ResultInactive=no
ResultActive=no

Replace geraldo with the appropriate username. Wildcards are supported, and you can also use groups using unix-group:<group-name>.


Why is so much software suddenly missing from Ubuntu Software Center in Ubuntu 16.10?

I think this is because the update has messed up a little bit in your /etc/apt/sources.list, where are located the repos' URLs.

You should see what's checked and unchecked in your "Software and Updates" (type it in the main menu)

Here's a link for more information : https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu

Hope it helped you :)


A short description

Open Keyboard Layout from System Settings (or search in dash)
Go to Layouttab
Click + in down-left
Add English US (you can use keyboard icon there to check the layout)
Push it on top (or remove English UK). Get more help from pictures.

Keyboard Layout Window:

Keyboard Layout US:

That's it..

Reply for further assistance..


Help, Genius pen sketch 9*12 tablet on Ubuntu 14.04 ! NOT WORKING

Wizardpen really isn't recommended anymore. The DIGImend project works to support Tablets at the driver level. If you're willing to join the mailing list they may be able to help you, or work with you to get the tablet working.


Nautilus desktop folder menu bar and folders show up on secondary screen

I've got the same problem and just removing the app-menu stuff from Unity (as you will never use this environment anymore) have made my day happier!

sudo apt-get remove appmenu-gtk3 appmenu-gtk appmenu-qt


How do I get rid of centurylink search in firefox?

I found the answer that works for me:  There is a spot on mine (mac OS) that says in faded letters "why am I here" or "why do I see this".  I clicked it, and there was a place to click to disable Centruylink searches.  Good luck!


Should I choose to Install alongside windows 8 or something else

As far as I go, never trust automatic partitioning options in Ubuntu installers, as you may end up with nasty surprises. When installing Ubuntu, personally I always prepare the partitions manually. Since you want to keep a dual-boot set-up, most flexible would be to create a new extended partition and inside it create the several logical partitions.

In the extended partition I usually I reserve:

5GB for swap (or whatever appropriate given your RAM)
25GB for / which will contain all your system files (but some will say that this is overly generous, as 15-20GB could suffice given your installation habits)
the rest for /home which will contain all your user data

I tend to use ext3 file system for the above partitions for reliability reasons (but you could of course use ext4 or reiserfs if you so prefer). Sometimes I include a /boot partition no bigger than 500MB using ext2, but I cannot remember if this is more hassle than necessary; from memory, this is where kernels and grub config files end up.

Additionally, see My approach for replacing current Ubuntu with newer for a discussion on how manual partitioning can be approached.


unable to install vlc noob question kubuntu

Have you tried:

sudo apt-get update

then retry (Also I assume you mean apt-get install not app-get install?)


In most cases drivers will be automatically detected and used by Ubuntu. In the case of proprietary drivers you need to add them by going to System Settings > Additional Drivers.

In some cases, such as wireless cards, you can use Windows drivers by using 'wrappers'.


In Ubuntu 15.04 can't do graphical log in

Based on the bug report,  reported March 21, 2015 Ubuntu 15.04 Xserver does not start or freezes with systemd + lightdm. More detail regarding the impact of this change  and how to switch from systemd to upstart and back again is available on this page.

To check to see if your system is using systemd vs. upstart you can test by issuing the command sudo initctl version which will return upstart if upstart is handling init. another useful method is to issue the command dpkg -S /sbin/init which will tell you which package installed it (in my case on 14.04 it's upstart)  you can find more very good answers on how to do so from our friends at Unix & Linux. Further detail regarding identifying the init system is also available.

To see if your lightdm works under upstart as designed, you can install the upstart-sysv package, which will remove ubuntu-standard and systemd-sysv (but should not remove anything else. Give the developers a heads up if it does!), and run sudo update-initramfs -u. After that, grub's "Advanced options" menu will have a corresponding "Ubuntu, with Linux ... (systemd)" entry where you can do an one-time boot with systemd.

You can revert back to systemd installing systemd-sysv and ubuntu-standard packages.

Another option appears to be to use gdm under systemd instead of lightdm under upstart.

Further sources (not linked elsewhere):

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/196166/how-to-find-out-if-a-system-uses-sysv-upstart-or-systemd-initsystem


No 3D support on Lenovo W520 with nVidia Optimus

I have seen the Lenovo W520 machines psychically. These provide options to choose between Optimus, Discrete and Integrated mode. Optimus mode still defaults to the Intel graphics card while keeping the Nvidia card on. Discrete just hides the Intel graphics card from the OS. If you wish to take advantage of the nVidia card, you still need Bumblebee for now, or use discrete video mode.

If you switch to the integrated card in BIOS you need to make sure that the nVidia GL libraries are not loaded, otherwise it'll result in broken 3D support. The easiest method is uninstalling the nvidia-current driver. Otherwise, if you want to keep the nvidia drivers (because you frequently switch between Optimus/Nvidia and integrated), a change is needed to control the libraries to be loaded:

Disabling the nvidia libraries (forcing Mesa libraries)

Run the below commands to configure the Mesa libraries as default. One of the commands may fail if you do not have the 64-bit (or 32-bit for the second) libraries.

sudo update-alternatives --set x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa/ld.so.conf
sudo update-alternatives --set i386-linux-gnu_gl_conf /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/ld.so.conf
sudo ldconfig

Re-login (or simply reboot) for the changes take effect.

Enabling the nvidia libraries

To enable the nvidia libraries, make the alternatives system automatically choose the best driver available (nvidia takes precedence over Mesa).

sudo update-alternatives --auto x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf
sudo update-alternatives --auto i386-linux-gnu_gl_conf
sudo ldconfig

Re-login (or simply reboot) for the changes take effect.


Cinnamon desktop background brightness being changed

Solution from this bug report on Github: Desktop background not displaying correctly

  Make sure to upgrade all muffin packages to their latest version
  (3.2.2 at the moment).

  And then, open a terminal and type:

gsettings set org.cinnamon.muffin background-transition fade-in

  That should solve the color issue.

If you don't like the fade-in effect, you can also use:

gsettings set org.cinnamon.muffin background-transition none

To list all possible values, run:

gsettings range org.cinnamon.muffin background-transition

The offending value (and, on my machine, the only other one) seems to be blend.


Since your desktop came with Windows 8 preinstalled I believe you already have an EFI partition.
While in the live DVD Ubuntu session try to get gdisk installed via apt-get, and list the partitions with sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda.
The partitions would be most likely in this order

A small, under 1MB partition with code EF02
The EFI partition with code EF00
A windows Recovery Environment partition, code 2700
A windows System Reserved partition containing the BCD, MSR code 0C01
followed by the OS partition, perhaps code 0700

These short codes are gdisk's internal, in the GPT they have GUID corespondents.

If this is the partitioning scheme that you already have, you can leave the first four partitions untouched and either shrink or delete the Windows OS partition to make room for Ubuntu partitions. To shrink you'll have to get gparted installed, otherwise for deletion/creation you can stay within gdisk. If you deleted everything try to recreate this partitioning scheme under gdisk.

edit You can also do the partitioning from within Windows Disk Management, shrink the Windows NTFS partition and make the linux partitions, leaving them unformatted and with no assigned letters, then in the Ubuntu installer just assign them their respective mount points, type and format. It is potentially safer to continue partitioning the disk using the same tool that it was started with. /edit

About your blank screen, you might have a graphic card that still uses old BIOS functions, try to temporarily enable BIOS compatibility while doing the install, and make sure that you are booting your DVD under UEFI. If you boot the DVD under BIOS while trying to do an EFI install you might get into GPT issues.

If you install your Ubuntu with grub-efi-amd64-signed I believe you won't have to turn secure boot off.


Ubuntu 13.04: "Failed to fetch.." when running update. Is this package important?

It's likely that the specific PPA you are trying to reach there is outdated, or discontinued based on the error message you are receiving.

Pop open a terminal and navigate to

/etc/apt/sources.list.d

Find the offending PPA and delete the  file.

If your apt list is stopping at a certain object, it will then fail to reach the end of the list, meaning you may be missing out on some upgrades for packages that are further along in the sources.list

EDIT: This page, https://launchpad.net/~chicharreros/+archive/ppa seems to suggest support only goes as high as Ubuntu 11.04 which may be why you're having issues


I know it's probably too late to help you but maybe others can find a helpful explanation here for a workaround to this issue http://itsfoss.com/how-to-format-a-sd-card-or-usb-drive-in-ubuntu-12-10/


You can change any file association by right-clicking the file and selecting Properties. In the emerging dialog go to "Open with...", select the desired association and make it default.


recording audio or video from google hangouts

I think a screen recorder that can record the sound output from the computer is what you want. Make the Hangouts session full screen and use RecordMyDesktop from the Software Center.

Here's the link: https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/quantal/gtk-recordmydesktop/


How do I choose 2 files to compare in Meld?

Personally, I always run meld from the terminal, so I give the two file names there:

meld fileA fileB

Using the GUI, all you need to do is select two files. I don't see why you need to "compare it to nothing". You just select the first file and then the second:


System freezes when browsing and opening email client

After going over the above several times over, I read somewhere that X.org drivers do not regulate the processor usage, but run the processor at full capacity all the time, which can cause overheating. After switching to Nvidia-331 drivers, the system didn't freeze again. I only realised that Nvidia-331 was a recommended driver after finding this command ubuntu-drivers devices.
It does have some graphical issues with WoT game, but I'd rather have some psychedelic coloured tanks than burn out my processor.


Sudo su setting default password automatique

You can edit your sudoers file, probably with a sudo visudo and add the line
$USER ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
where $USER is your own username

By the way, sudoers is in /etc/sudoers but it is dangerous to edit that file directly and possibly impossible unless you are root. It is better to use visudo since it writes to a temp file and then if everything went ok it will overwrite after it is finished writing. If vi is tricky, I suggest being VERY careful =D


WSL1804 (universe enabled): Can't install p7zip-full

Try: sudo apt-get update OR sudo apt update

After you make any change to your sources (like adding the Universe repository), you must update apt's database of available packages.


Radeon 6520G with black screen problem. Re-boot make it work

You machine appears to most likely have the ATI Radeon 4250 graphics adapter based on specifications found elsewhere.  You can confirm this by running

sudo lshw -C display

If you are currently using the Radeon driver, try using the fglrx driver and vice versa.  Radeon support is pretty scratchy at the moment.  Your bug report will not go anywhere because it has been filed against xorg when it should have been filed against fglrx or the radeon driver after further testing.  Have a look at this previous question on installing the fglrx driver.

A black screen does not actually mean that the machine is hung.  If you can press CtrlAltF1 and get to a text console to install drivers and reboot safely etc, the machine is not hung.  This is an important distinction to make at this point.


Yes. The ability to "delete" files is really the ability to "write" the directory containing the files. The permission of the directory containing the file governs, not the file's permission. Compare the access of the VSFTP user to the cli user.


Windows option just reloads grub bootloader after updating to Ubuntu 19.10

First you need to change your boot order to Windows instead of Grub. To find out the key to press during boot to bring up the BIOS menu see:

The computer didn't automatically boot from USB,

Ignore the part about selecting device boot order, you want to change the UEFI boot order and move Windows to the top.

Then the instructions on boot-repair report tell you to boot into Windows and then:

For example you can boot into Windows, then type the following command in an admin command prompt:
bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi

Do this from Windows and then if it doesn't work revise your question with current status / new issues.

Also note boot-repair created 5 entries to boot Windows but in my experience they won't all work. After you fix the booting issues see this answer:

Boot-Repair created too many grub menu entries for Windows


Find out the Metadata of PDF file by using PDF Printer

You can use pdfinfo from Terminal:

pdfinfo MyThesis.pdf

You will get results like this:

Title:          Analysis of Markov chains
Subject:
Keywords:       thesis, masters, cal poly
Author:         **************
Creator:        LaTeX with hyperref package
Producer:       pdfTeX-1.40.14
CreationDate:   Tue Jun 10 21:44:48 2014
ModDate:        Tue Jun 10 21:44:48 2014
Tagged:         no
Form:           none
Pages:          99
Encrypted:      no
Page size:      612 x 792 pts (letter)
Page rot:       0
File size:      10321297 bytes
Optimized:      no
PDF version:    1.5

(If you are using cups-pdf you can run an automated postprocessing command by uncommenting and editing  cups-pdf.conf's "PostProcessing"  section. Since the question is unclear about this part, I cannot give more details.)


Convert Ubuntu desktop to server edition (20.04)

Step 1: sudo apt install ubuntu-server.
That's it. There is no Step 2.


Dual Boot - Machine restarts before installing

The causes for such a thing can be many, corrupted image, corrupted writing of the image on the pen drive or a corrupted pen drive.

Make sure you run the universal installer as administrator on windows.
Or you can also try unetbootin to create the bootable pen drive, but you will also need to run it as administrator.


How to enable Windows 7 recovery after installing Ubuntu?

Depending on how you removed Windows, it may not be possible. Many laptops ship with a recovery partition, which holds all the information required to rebuild the initial setup.

When you ran your Ubuntu install, did you let it use the entire drive, or did you limit it to the partition that Windows used to be in? If it used the entire drive, you're recovery is hosed, I'm afraid.

You may be able to speak to the shop that provided the laptop and ask for the OEM install media (you normally create this yourself when you first receive a new Windows laptop) - I think they should provide it, but in many areas they don't.


From where can I download the latest Ubuntu portable on a USB stick?

For Windows users:

Download Universal USB Installer .
Download Ubuntu ISO file Ubuntu Desktop.
Insert Flash USB.
Run Universal USB Installer and select Ubuntu from first drop down menu(Step .1)
Press Browse and select Ubuntu ISO downloaded file (Step .2)
Select Flash USB drive (Step .3) [Flash USB will be formatted and all data will be wiped]

Press Create and wait to finish process (Step .4)

Reboot your PC and select Flash USB to boot. (Pressing F12 or F2 and select Flash USB to boot)
Finish, You have a portable Ubuntu in you Flash USB.


Running "hostname -i" no longer shows all my addresses

This is because in /etc/hosts you find the entry 127.0.1.1 YourLinuxBoxName.

This particular localhost entry (every address in 127/8 is localhost) is used by DNSmasq. It is safe to ignore.


can't access NAS after 16.04 LTS upgrade

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gvfs/+bug/1409032

provides the info re: this problem and post #29 has a workaround that solved it for me.


errno 5 during the installation of Xubuntu 14.04

Most of the time when a DVD/USB burnt from an official release doesn't work, is because of a bad download.

Therefore type the following command:

apt-get install coreutils
md5sum kubuntu-14.10-desktop-amd64.iso

(above an example for Kubuntu, your exact .iso file name will differ) and you will get a number back like this: a48e3fc0c36a735b2c77e430d985e1e0

Compare that to the official Ubuntu hashes and if it's different (you'll see it immediately, that's why I provided a failed hash above) just download it again...

If the md5sum checks out correctly, your CD/DVD disk is damaged.  Burn it again!


ubuntu 16.04, purple screen after reboot

It turns out, during following the link above, I gave a command
sudo nvidia-xconfig -a --use-display-device=None --virtual=1280x1024
and this set the nvidia driver for virtual screen, with no physical display device.
So I gave the command nvidia-xconfig again and the /etc/X11/org.conf file was recovered and the problem is gone. (you can  either block some lines like I did for second trial)

<< /etc/X11/xorg.conf>>

.. continued ..

Section "Screen"
    Identifier     "Screen0"
    Device         "Device0"
    Monitor        "Monitor0"
    DefaultDepth    24
#    Option         "UseDisplayDevice" "None"
    SubSection     "Display"
#        Virtual     1280 1024
        Depth       24
    EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier     "Screen1"
    Device         "Device1"
    Monitor        "Monitor1"
    DefaultDepth    24
#    Option         "UseDisplayDevice" "None"
    SubSection     "Display"
#        Virtual     1280 1024
        Depth       24
    EndSubSection
EndSection


I removed the executable by first finding where the current version of openssl was residing:

whereis openssl

and then reinstalling openssl

sudo apt-get install openssl


There are two things that you should check, the first as mentioned by @kkpatel is that the VM Tools will need to be installed in your virtual Windows machine.  This can be done in a couple of manners, but the easiest is this:  While the VM is running, and not in full-screen mode, choose 'VM' from the VMWare Menu, and in the menu the second to bottom option will be either 'Install VMWare Tools' or 'Reinstall VMWare Tools'  This forces the mount of the VMWare tools as a CDRom on your Windows installation, and allows the addition of the various drivers needed my VMWare.

Secondly, there might be a setting preventing VMWare from accessing your graphics drivers.

You can edit the preferences for vmware from a terminal by entering the command

gedit ~/.vmware/preferences

Look for a line like mks.gl.allowBlacklistedDrivers = TRUE - yours may say FALSE instead of TRUE.  You may not be able to access the 3D acceleration unless this is set to TRUE


What is an origin and solution for "port 9000: Connection refused" error?

TL;DR first, more details following:

"Connection refused" is the error you get when you try to connect to a service on a computer or server (or locally on your own computer) when the said service is either not listening on the specified TCP port (wrong port or service not started), or when a firewall explicitly rejects a connection instead of ignoring the request (not very common behavior).

And now a little more detail:

It can only happen with TCP (UDP services are sessionless) and this error is indeed very common for sys admins.

When a client application connects to a TCP service, it'll send a first packet with the SYN flag set. If we simplify, there are two possible answers to that:

The server actualy listens on the required TCP port and replies with a SYN-ACK packet to acknowledge the SYN packet, after which the clients rends an ACK packet to "confirm" to the server that the SYN-ACK was received. That's the moment where you have established a TCP session, and when you can start "talking" with the server.
The server receives your SYN packet, but isn't listening on the requested port. The connection is rejected with a packet that has the RST (reset) flag set. This is 99% of the time when you get the infamous "connection refused".

How do I fix this ?

Well, there are a few things you can check: Are you querying the right port on the client side ? Is your service started ? Is it listening on the right port ?

Those three questions will generally help you solve your issue.

Quick generic command to be entered on the server (the machine that runs the service)

Checking that the service is listening on the expected port

ss -nat | grep <enter port number here> | grep LISTEN

Some people on older systems might also use this

netstat -an | grep <enter port number here> | grep LISTEN

If you don't see anything here that looks like your port number, your service is either not started or not listening on the port number you specified.

Checking that the service is running

service <service name> status


open a folder with several files in python

Do you need Python? You can count words using the command line tool wc:

wc -w *

wc (short for word count) is a handy tool to count words, characters or lines in text files. Open a terminal, navigate to the folder containing the files you want to count words and run the command above. The first parameter -w means to count words (as opposed to lines or characters). You can pass file names to count in specific files or use wild cards, such as * to count words in all files in the current folder.

In case your files are located in sub folders the easiest would be to use find to get a list of the files:

find . -type f -exec wc -w {} +


How do I change the wallpaper of the login screen?

Ubuntu 12.04 to 13.04

Ubuntu 12.04 Unity greeter has introduced selected user dynamic background, that means that when selecting a user from the available users list the background will change to reflect the selected user's desktop background.

By default lightdm will set /usr/share/backgrounds/warty-final-ubuntu.png as the default background and the option for the dynamic background switching on.

Setting the dynamic switching off

Open a terminal and get root

sudo -i

(Type sudo password)

Allow the user lightdm to create a connection to the X server

xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm

Switch user to lightdm

su lightdm -s /bin/bash

Turn off the dynamic switching of the background

gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-user-backgrounds 'false'

If you want to reset that setting to default after changing it, follow all the steps until the command above and instead use

gsettings reset com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-user-backgrounds

When you are done setting off or reseting to default the dynamic background feature you can close the terminal or type 2x exit, first to revert back to root and the second to clear the root privileges and revert back to your normal user.

Changing the default fixed background

(you will only see this one if the user did not set a desktop background picture or if the dynamic setting is set to false)

Open a terminal and get root

sudo -i

(Type sudo password)

Allow the user lightdm to create a connection to the X server

xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm

Switch user to lightdm

su lightdm -s /bin/bash

Change the default background with a picture of your choice

gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter background '/foo/wallpaper.png'

(Note: the wallpaper file cannot be located inside a encrypted user's home, those are only mounted after the user has logged in with his account.)

If you want to revert that to the default background follow all the steps until the command above but instead type

gsettings reset com.canonical.unity-greeter background

When you are done changing the default background feature or reverting back to the default one you can close the terminal or type 2x exit, first to revert back to root and the second to clear the root privileges and revert back to your normal user.


Ubuntu 12.04 ethernet not working on an Desktop

As you said it is old desktop.
But even with old one Ethernet card should work.
You should check if LED near LAN connection flashes with green.
If so you probably need to detect connection settings.

    You should read about dhcp. It should connect automatically for you.
Unless your ISP provides you with user and password so you need to type it with your IP adress in Network Connections window.


Gnome Help persists on launching even without opening the application

I can't find anything on the internet about this issue. For now, here is the workaround I've done to (somehow) fix it:

Do another round of an OS installation. Make sure to wipe drive.
Upon completing the installation, uninstall yelp. Do this before connecting to the internet.
Connect to the internet and do a sudo apt-get update. Install only what you need, upgrade the necessary packages. Make sure you are only downloading from trusted sources.

Update 1: Here's another workaround: I did another round of OS installation but without any wm(Gnome). With a base OS, I installed i3. It worked and the issue no longer exists.


Ubuntu start up view changed due to gnome shell

You probably need to remove the plymouth themes. Run:

sudo apt-get remove plymouth-theme-ubuntu-gnome-logo plymouth-theme-ubuntu-gnome-text


Ubuntu Partition deleted and got i386 file not found error

Assuming that you want to remove all the partitions to install Ubuntu, the following steps would assist you:
1) Insert the Ubuntu installation disc in the drive and boot it.
2) At the partitioning screen, choose Something else.

3) At the below prompt, select every partition you see in the list and press the "-" (minus) button to remove the partitions.

Now choose the partitions wisely (I recommend following this for a better understanding at the partition table: How to use manual partitioning during installation? before proceeding)

The link states all the important stuff you might want to go through for A SUCCESSFUL installation.
Good lucK!


Ubuntu 18.10: I broke my laptop and it won't login at all, pls help!

That extended partition was a container for your Ubuntu 18.04 root partition and swap partition.
From the boot repair log it doesn't seem you formatted it, so I would try reinstalling grub. Boot into 18.04 again, open terminal and run sudo grub-install /dev/sda followed by sudo update-grub


Windows 7 not booting,dual boot with Ubuntu

Update your grub with:

$ sudo update-grub

Then reboot.

It will scan the system and add any found OS to the boot menu.