Recently featured on Slashdot was the Darling project, which aims to provide Darwin / OS X emulation and can already run some Mac OS X applications on Linux.

It appears to be developed for academic purposes and is still in its early stages, but it looks promising. It is based on the aforementioned GNUstep.


Editing like "using gedit or nano to change the values":No

But: echo 0 >/sys/bus/usb/devices/usb13/power Yes! ;-)

(do a cat /sys/bus/usb/devices/usb13/manufacturer and/or cat /sys/bus/usb/devices/usb13/product to be absolutely sure that you're changing the right one!)


18.04 - O2+ODAC sound only plays during mouse movement

I could not detect the issue, but I found a workaround. While gathering information with lsdev, I saw my system has two USB controllers. After switching the DAC to the second controller, the sound immediately played like it should.

I think it could be an issue related to IRQ conflict (if someone needs a point to start when having a similar issue). However, I won't investigate this any further as the workaround is sufficient for me.


IDL not running on Ubuntu 18.04 "exec: /idl/idl1706/bin/bin.linux.x86/idl: not found"

I had the same problem.  I solved it by typing this in a terminal:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install libxcursor1:i386
sudo apt install libxinerama1:i386
sudo apt install jwm:i386

And now IDL is working!


Cannot open VirtualBox VM installed on 16.04 LTS

If you still have the vm file (vdi,vhd, qcow, etc) create new machine, select 'use existing drive' and point to your vm file.


How to remove a newer kernel while booted with the older kernel?

You can remove kernels the same way you remove other packages, as long as you are not booted in that kernel.

To get a list of the kernels you have installed, use dpkg -l with a grep as in:

dpkg -l | grep linux

There you will see the list of packages that got installed.

Then use the remove command of apt-get

sudo apt-get remove linux-...<name as shown by dpkg -l>

The headers do not need to be removed, the linux-image-... are the actual binaries that need removal.

Note that apt-get should automatically re-run the necessary commands to update grub and the startup RAM disk.

Of course, if you use apt-get update + apt-get upgrade (or the auto-upgrade which does the same), the newer kernel will get re-installed...

I think you can prevent re-installation, but I do not know the command for that.


Why does my global menu freeze in Ubuntu 13.10?

You might be refering about this bug https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/saucy/+source/gtk+3.0/+bug/1199877

The fix was already released but probably still hasn't made it to regular updates, you can enable proposed updates (software center > edit > sources) that is what I did.


How can I set up poclbm (a bitcoin miner)?

Tibor in his article creates a dummy deb that allows python-pyopencl to be installed fine.

http://tuxicate.blogspot.co.uk/2013_04_01_archive.html

This worked for me, I hope it works for you.


You can use the stat command

stat -c '%s' filename

See man stat for details and other options

Or, with du

du -b filename


Dont delete files on server when we delete ours?

Ubuntu One is a file and folder synchronization service. It is designed to keep the files in our computers in sync with the files in the cloud and your 9 other computers (assuming you have 10 computers).

It is not designed to be a file storage and backup system. So if you delete the files from your local folder they will be deleted from the Ubuntu One server and any other computers you have Ubuntu One signed on with the same account.

See auto-remove of files from U1 account as soon removed from U1 folder.


Show all apps menu flooded with LSP Modules after upgrade to 20.10

I've found an answer for this from a Reddit post in the r/linux4noobs subreddit. The solution is in the comments and is posted by u/mthqwork. I'll paste the command that I used here. First do
echo "[Desktop Entry] Hidden=true" > /tmp/1

then do
find /usr -name "*lsp_plug*desktop" 2>/dev/null | cut -f 5 -d '/' | xargs -I {} cp /tmp/1 ~/.local/share/applications/{}

The applications will now get hidden which is why I didn't see them in my previous Ubuntu version (20.04).


Keyboard slow to start working on boot Ubuntu 14.04

If you can reproduce the issue with another keyboard there may be another device that is causing the issue. Some good troubleshooting steps if you haven't already tried them:

Try a live boot CD/DVD to see if the issue still occurs when booting into another OS (or a generic Ubuntu install)
Unplug everything external except power, primary display, and the keyboard. This includes any USB dongles for wireless devices. Reboot and see if it still happens.
Also try unplugging any internal USB headers such as front facing ports or control panels.
Nuclear option is to start removing PCIe add-on cards.

If it is a software/driver issue it should start working after the first step. If it is a hardware issue you'll have to keep digging to find the cause.


Google Chrome 81 doesn't launch after installation in Ubuntu 18.04

Problem solved after changing permissions and removing configuration directory

sudo chown ewsetiawan:ewsetiawan /home/ewsetiawan/.config/google-chrome -R
sudo rm -R /home/ewsetiawan/.config/google-chrome

Source:
Chrome won't install or launch


Per this answer:
How do I pre-install Ubuntu for someone (OEM install)?
Open the F6 Other Options and add oem-config/enable=true to the boot params.


Slow boot, long kernel load time, due to wrong resume device

Ok, I found the solution, thanks to Sudhanshu's comment.

The problem was due to my swap being encrypted. So the local-premount script in initramfs was waiting for a swap device that was not available, until it timed out. The relevant message was gave up waiting for suspend/resume device.

To disable this (as resuming from swap is not possible with an encrypted swap, and I don't use hibernation anyway), I modified this file: /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume.

In this file, a line with

RESUME=none

(instead of the UUID that was here) will disable waiting for a resume device.

Run

sudo update-initramfs -u

to apply the changes.

System now boots normally.


is unity available for PCs running old unsupported versions such as v9.10

Unity is open-source, i.e. it can be used on debian or Arch. It just takes effort and a lot of time (which nobody has done yet).

From what I know, unity was too much work to be backported to 10.10 let alone 9.10.

So, in short, your answer would be no!


Unity doesnt shows correctly after proprietary nvidia even after linux-headers-generic

Run the following commands in terminal:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia-*
sudo apt-get install linux-source
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current-updates


how to install warzone 2100 ver3.1game from tar.gz file

When you are run ./configure and if trows some error message like

checking for GLEW... configure: error: Package requirements (glew >= 1.5.2) were not met:
No package 'glew' found.
problem pakage name => GLEW

run:

apt-cache dump | grep -E 'Package.*glew'

It will show some packages like Package: libglew-dev

=> template is "lib[problem-pakage-name]-dev"

run:

sudo apt-get install libglew-dev

run again:  ./configure

if you find some another problem pakage then start this procedure first line...


This file's full path is /usr/share/backgrounds/warty-final-ubuntu.png. It is part of ubuntu-wallpapers package. I don't recommend uninstalling that package because you'll end up with unmet dependencies problems, but you could just remove the file:

sudo rm /usr/share/backgrounds/warty-final-ubuntu.png

or replace it with your black background:

sudo wget http://www.razflections.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/black.png -O /usr/share/backgrounds/warty-final-ubuntu.png

Keep in mind that if ubuntu-wallpapers package gets updated the original file will be restored, then you'll have replace (or remove) it again.


Ubuntu doesn't detect Windows 7 partition

I had the same problem, and found the solution here -

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1604074&page=4&p=10022223#post10022223


Fastest way to shutdown Ubuntu Mate 18.10

On Ubuntu, the command shutdown now allows you to shut down the system without being a root user. For a one-click solution in Mate, associate this command to a panel launcher.

Beware not to click this by accident, because it will heavily disrupt your work. But then, you asked a one-click solution.

For a two-click solution, Mate might still might offer a "traditional" shut down button you can add to the panel next to the 'Gear' icon. If not, then you still can create your own two-click shut-down launcher for mate-session-save --shutdown-dialog (gnome-session-quit --power-off for Gnome users).


You should be able to just do sudo apt-get install ns2 ns3 and have them both installed, yes.


Why can't I run multiple files through a `while read` loop?

Missing the 2nd done, so the for loop gets confused.  Fix:

for f in *.txt; do
  while read line ; do
      echo "$line" |
      join -1 2 -2 1 -e"NA" -o1.1,0,2.2,2.3,2.4,2.5 -t $'\t' - kegg_sort_2020.out |
      shuf -n1 >> "${f%.tsv}"
  done < "$f"
done

Notes:  cat wasn't needed.  Beware of using > where >> is needed.

Even so, the logic of the above code seems a bit confused.  Using join on one line would only output one line, so running shuf on a one line file won't change it -- it's useless.  The echo isn't really needed either.  Therefore the code could be simplified to:

for f in *.txt; do
  while read line ; do
      join -1 2 -2 1 -e"NA" -o1.1,0,2.2,2.3,2.4,2.5 -t $'\t' \
        - kegg_sort_2020.out  <<<  "$line"
  done < "$f"   >>  "${f%.tsv}"
done

Depending on the input file structures even join might be unnecessary.  A judicious read might be sufficient.


Ubuntu emulator requires Ubuntu-one account, still doesn't work after adding

I've never had much success with running the emulator either so I can't help you there but as far as debugging goes, yes, it is better to debug on the phone.

As far as devices go it's best to use hardware officially supported by Canonical. You can find a list of supported devices here.


NTFS Drive show in fdisk -l not when I run blkid unable to mount drive

You should likely use:

sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/sdb2 /media/windows

Note the 2 after sdb. You were trying to mount the whole disk instead of the partition.


Ubuntu 17.10, PlayOnLinux, Wine v2.22, Office 2010, p11-kit: couldn't load module

I searched and found that the folder pkcs11 exists in a different place in /usr/lib so I made a symlink to it and, voilà, it works again.

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkcs11 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkcs11


On vnc, stuck on "classic" style desktop

Your script is wrong!

First, you possibly try to start 3 different window managers:
- x-window-manager will start default window manager or your pc.
- gnome-session will start window manager that is used in Awesome desktop.
- metacity you try to explicitly start window manager.

If you want to start full session using gnome-session then you should remove x-terminal-emulator, x-window-manager, gnome-panel, gnome-settings-daemon, metacity and nautilus.

If you really want that there is opened terminal and/or file manager window automatically when you start it then you can leave x-terminal-emulator and/or nautilus, but other things should be removed.

gnome-session will start everything you need, but if that will work depends on your desktop. If it requires hardware acceleration then it will not work.

--disable-acceleration-check is used to disable this check, but it won't help if acceleration is hard dependency for your desktop.


To get this command you have to add universe pocket and install single package from it:
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install aircrack-ng


Note that this is the Ubuntu single sign-on service. If you have registered an account on launchpad, the Ubuntu Wiki, or somewhere else the SSO is used, you will have to log in using this account.

I know you're on Launchpad. Most likely you can just log in using those credentials.


3.12 is still in development, and 3.14 will is still very much in development as well. For instance, currently for Debian it 83/77% ready.

Gnome 3.14 is available for 14.10 (utopic) the Gnome Staging PPA (only Gnome 3.12 is available for 14.04), which is updated fairly regularly with staging releases of the. You can use the PPA with a few others as shown here. You could use the utopic PPA, but that would likely cause issues (on Trusty - installing Utopic when it is released may make it easier).

You can also get a image of Gnome from here - this however is based on a Fedora release (Fedora 21, which includes it anyway (and works great :), not Ubuntu. You could get 14.10 (which it also nearly ready), and use the gnome-staging PPA.

Also:

http://www.webupd8.org/2014/09/gnome-314-released-see-whats-new.html
https://wiki.gnome.org/ThreePointThirteen
http://worldofgnome.org/early-preview-shell-3-14-on-ubuntu-gnome-14-10/

Edit

You can now get 3.14 in Utopic 14.10, as explained here:

  GNOME 3.14 was released back in September and it includes some
  interesting changes like multi-touch gestures for both the system and
  applications, re-worked default theme, new animations as well as
  various enhancements for the code GNOME applications. More information
  HERE.

  Unfortunately, Ubuntu GNOME 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) ships with GNOME
  3.12 for the most part (there are even some GNOME 3.10 packages, like Gedit or Nautilus) but, as usual, you can install the latest GNOME
  (3.14) by using a PPA.

  Unlike previous versions, installing GNOME 3.14 from the GNOME 3
  Staging PPA in Ubuntu 14.10 doesn't break Unity however, there are
  things that don't work as they should, like:

  very large icons for some apps in Unity Dash and other places - screenshot;
  the default Ubuntu theme (Ambiance) doesn't work properly with some applications (screenshot) and Adwaita doesn't support Unity's CSS
  window decorations so you'll have to use a theme that supports GTK
  3.14 and Unity, like Zukitwo, but even then you may encounter various issues like up/down arrows for indicators (screenshot);
  Nautilus, Totem and Gedit use client-side decorations and the default GNOME menu, so they will look out of place in Unity.

  And that's just on a first look so there might be many other issues. That's why I don't recommend using this PPA if you're using Unity!

  As usual, the latest GNOME is available in the GNOME 3 Staging PPA and it's not considered ready for general use (you will encounter
  bugs!), so make sure you read the PPA description before using it.
  Follow the instructions below on your own risk and only if you know
  how to fix your system in case something goes wrong!

  There are two more things I should mention, so you'll know what to
  expect:

  on my laptop running Ubuntu 14.10, applications that use client-side decorations have a large shadow at the bottom
  (screenshot).
  This didn't occur in the two virtual machines I've tested the GNOME
  3.14 installation under Ubuntu 14.10, but you may encounter this bug, and I didn't find out what's causing it;
  CSD applications have minimize and maximize buttons for some reason, even though GNOME doesn't use this by default - you can
  disable them via GNOME Tweak Tool > Windows > Titlebar Buttons.

  Install GNOME 3.14 in Ubuntu GNOME 14.10

  Warning: Please read the output before entering 'Y' for the "dist-upgrade" command below to make sure important packages won't be
  removed and if the "dist-upgrade" command tries to remove important
  pages, abort the installation and remove the PPA! Also, it's a good
  idea to save the list of packages upgraded by using the instructions
  below, in case you want to revert the changes and ppa-purge fails.

  Currently, only the GNOME 3 Staging PPA is required to upgrade to
  GNOME 3.14 in Ubuntu 14.10 however, some packages might be moved to
  the GNOME 3 PPA later on and that might break things if you didn't
  enable this PPA on your system, that's why by following the
  instructions below, you'll add both the GNOME 3 PPA and the GNOME 3
  Staging PPA.

  That said, let's proceed

  Install GNOME 3.14

  To add the GNOME 3 and GNOME 3 Staging PPAs and upgrade to GNOME 3.14 in Ubuntu GNOME 14.10, use the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

  During the GNOME 3.14 upgrade (or purge) process, you may encounter an issue similar to this:

(gtk-update-icon-cache-3.0:29077): GdkPixbuf-WARNING **: Cannot open pixbuf loader module file '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders.cache': No such file or directory

  If that happens, firstly install libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev:

 sudo apt-get install libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev

  And then fix this issue by running the following commands:

  32bit:

sudo -i
gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders > /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders.cache
exit

  64bit:

sudo -i
gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders > /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gdk-pixbuf-2.0/2.10.0/loaders.cache
exit

  Reboot (a simple logout / login may not be enough so to avoid any issues, reboot your system).
  (Optional) Install GNOME 3 applications not available by default in Ubuntu GNOME 14.10.

  You may also want to install the GNOME 3 apps which are not available by default in Ubuntu GNOME 14.10 (Polari, Bijiben, Clocks,
  Sound Recorder, etc.) - install them using the command below:

sudo apt-get install polari gnome-sound-recorder bijiben gnome-clocks gnome-music gnome-photos gnome-boxes

  (Epiphany is still at version 3.12.0)

  How to revert the changes

  If for whatever reason you want to revert the changes made by adding
  the GNOME 3 and GNOME 3 Staging PPAs, you can purge them (purging a
  PPA downgrades all the packages from that PPA to the version available
  in the official Ubuntu repositories and disables the PPA) using
  ppa-purge:

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging

Edit:

If you really want have a go at adding 3.14 to 14.04, you could manually add/edit the PPAs for 14.10 to your sources list:

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/gnome3-team/gnome3-staging/ubuntu utopic main'
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/gnome3-team/gnome3/ubuntu utopic main'
sudo apt-get update

WARNING: This will likely fail due to dependices, and if not might break stuff. You will probably want to backup any important data first in case. Using 14.10 (or Fedora) would be simpler.


How can I modify the pitch of my audio output?

Install ALSA equalizer plugin:

sudo apt-get install libasound2-plugin-equal

Prepare your .asoundrs file, so that ALSA will know about the plugin:

gedit .asoundrc

Paste inside it (or append at the end, if it already contains some data):

ctl.equal {
   type equal;
}

pcm.plugequal {
    type equal;
   slave.pcm "plughw:0,0";
}

pcm.equal{
    type plug;
    slave.pcm plugequal;
}

Save the file and exit.

Next, reload ALSA:

sudo alsa force-reload

Your equalizer should be set-up. To use it, run

alsamixer -D equal

TADA! Your alsamixer will now behave as an equalizer, instead of adjusting volumes. Hope this helps!


Erase disk will only erase the virtual disk you set up when you created the virtual machine. If you've previously installed a different operating system on that same virtual machine you will be erasing it and all it's files, but if that's a new virtual machine then you're all good.


Please try to install the VMware Tools. It might provide a better video-driver.
Hit "VM" -> "Install VMware-Tools". You have to mount the Disk in Ubuntu, copy and unpack the tools-file an install the tools. Do as root-user:

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
cp /mnt/VMwareTools-9.2.2-893683.tar.gz /root
umount /mnt
cd /root
tar -xvzf /root/VMwareTools-9.2.2-893683.tar.gz
cd /root/vmware-tools-distrib/
./vmware-install.pl
rm -rf /root/VMwareTools-9.2.2-893683.tar.gz /root/vmware-install.pl

Confirm every question of the installer.
With Ubuntu you should have no trouble. Reboot your VM.


As pointed out by JanC, terminator uses the default gtk theme on your system. It is true that the problem can be solved by putting close_button_on_tab = False in your ~/.config/terminator/config
Also, you could change the gtk theme. Or, you could define a special gtk setting specially for terminator. To do that, add the following lines to your gtkrc file:

style "notebook" = "default"
{
    xthickness = 0
    ythickness = 0
}

widget_class "terminator*.GtkNotebook"       style "notebook"
class "terminator*.GtkNotebook"              style "notebook"

Observe that you are modifying the standard Gtk widget called "GtkNotebook". This is whats responsible for tabs. If you want this to work in every application (not just terminator) then use instead:

widget_class "*GtkNotebook"       style "notebook"
class "*GtkNotebook"              style "notebook"

This will then affect all applications. To change the color of the text in the tab, use:

style "notebook_maybelabel" = "default"
{
   fg[NORMAL]        = "#0000AA"
   text[NORMAL]        = "#0000AA"
}

widget_class "terminator*.GtkNotebook*"       style "notebook_maybelabel"
class "terminator*.GtkNotebook*"              style "notebook_maybelabel"

I am not a Gtk expert, and this advice may contain errors.


Try

lxc config device add <container-name> sshproxy proxy listen=tcp:<public-ip>:23 connect=tcp:<container-ip>:22 bind=host

if your container runs ssh on standard port 22. Get  and  with lxc list, get the  with ifconfig

Cheers


How do I use "ld_preload" to control what apps can and cannot connect to internet?

Perhaps a better option is to use ufw to disable outbound traffic, and only enable it for specific ports.  That is not application specific.

I think to really get application specific, you need to start messing around with AppArmor.  I am not quite sure, actually limiting per-application is a difficult problem.

For example, system-wide installed Firefox might be allowed outbound connections, but what about a copy of Firefox in your home folder?


XeLaTeX on Ubuntu TeXLive Error with pst-3dplot

So I have been able to find out most of what is going on here:

An up-to-date version of TeXLive is necessary. For some reason the TL version shipped with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS from the repository is not recent enough. It is possible to get the latest version (TeXLive 2015) via the install scripts from CTAN mirror (see this
answer on SX) or from a Ubuntu specific script (see another
answer on SX
)
Run the latex file with latex->dvips->ps2pdf to get the desired results. It appears that XeLaTeX encounters a bug when placing 3D objects (compare
this on SX) -- so that does not work at the moment.
Doing latex->dvips->ps2pdf will successfully translate to this:
![latex-dvips-ps2pdf-result][4]


Migrate from a virtual machine (VM) to a physical system

Yes, it's possible. It's not even that hard, it just takes some time, a Ubuntu LiveCD, sticky-back-plastic, and an external USB disk (if you don't have more than one internal disks).

Preliminary step: Convert the disk to something useful

Both VMWare and VirtualBox (amongst others) use disk formats that don't lend themselves well to being written directly to disk. You can but I personally feel it's more convenient to write it to an intermediary, standard image first. You can do this from your current system without having to boot to a LiveCD.

Load a terminal and fire in:

cd /media/wherever-the-image-is/

# for VMWare
sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm
qemu-img convert your-vmware-disk.vmdk -O raw disk.img

# For VirtualBox
VBoxManage clonehd your-virtualbox-disk.vdi disk.img --format RAW

Move /media/wherever-the-image-is/disk.img somewhere that you're not about to write to. If you're planning to write it to the disk that it's currently sitting on, you'll want to stick it on a separate internal disk, or, worst-comes-to-worst an external disk.
The following instructions assume you've moved it to /media/dave/disk.img (dave is an external USB disk)
Before you do any serious writing, make sure you have backups. It's a cliche thing to say but one typo and there's a very real possibility you'll nuke your system. Assume that things will go wrong and be prepared. CloneZilla can help you take whole disk backups if you have somewhere for that data to be stored.

Write the image to a disk of its very own

You'll want to do something like this. This assumes you're going to overwrite a whole disk. If you want to do an alongside-Windows install, don't follow these instructions! Skip to after the bullets.

Boot into an Ubuntu Live CD and click Try Ubuntu.
Mount your the place where your vmdk image is being stored (eg the external USB disk as /media/dave). Do not mount the place where you want to write to.
Then we go to work:

sudo dd if=/media/dave/disk.img of=/dev/sdX

You want to replace sdX with the correct path to your destination disk. The sudo password is blank, just hit return.
You can then open gparted or something else and you should see your Ubuntu partition sitting on the disk. You should be able to expand it out.

Write the image to a disk alongside another operating system

This is perhaps an altogether safer way of doing things. The idea is very similar apart from you do a proper install of Ubuntu and then just sync over the files from disk.img.

Your LiveCD this time will need to be the same version of Ubuntu as your virtual install. Boot into the Live CD and, again, click Install.
Follow the installer through, repartition things as you see fit. About 10 minutes later, you'll be installed and it'll ask you to reboot. Don't reboot. Doesn't matter if you accidentally do, just make sure you're back in the LiveCD for the next instructions.
Mount your new install's partition and your external disk where you've stored the disk.img from earlier (just double click them in nautilus).
Mount your disk.img ISO in a terminal:

sudo mkdir /media/oldinstall
sudo mount -o loop /media/dave/disk.img /media/oldinstall

-Note - After creating the desired .img file, sometimes when you try to mount it as a loop device  you might get the following error

"NTFS signature is missing.
 Failed to mount '/dev/loop0': Invalid argument
 The device '/dev/loop0' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS. "

A .img file sometimes contains a master boot record and a partition table before the actual partition that you might want to mount. Hence you need to find out the offset of the required partition. To this, one can use the parted tool. For an example, look at the answer by sisco311 in this link  http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1576011.html

So, if you have determined your offset to be 'xxx' then you can mount your partition using

sudo mount -o loop,offset=xxx /media/dave/disk.img /media/oldinstall

From there you can either cherry-pick files or just copy over everything on top of your new Ubuntu install using something like:

sudo rsync /media/oldinstall/ /media/my-new-install/

Reboot and you should be greeted with your old VMWare install, but on bare metal. If you get nasty grub issues, you can fix it by going back to Live CD, chrooting and fixing things.


Trouble installing Evernote with Wine in 15.04

The latest beta (5.9.3.xxx) takes one step forward on Wine - the note previews now change when you click on a note - and one step back: the note editing toolbar (which usually pops up when you click in a note to edit it) doesn't appear, and the title appears, but is not editable. If anyone has suggestion for native libraries to add or anything that might help, then please post!

For reference, the last version that works very well under Wine for me is Evernote_5.8.14.8221.exe, which can probably be downloaded somewhere...


Ubuntu One is an automatic synchronization service so anything you change in your Ubuntu one folder will after a short delay be duplicated online and on anyother systems you have connected with the same account.

Example.

I am on holiday with my laptop. I take some pictures and transfer them to my laptop putting them in my Ubuntu one folder. I have a Computer at home which is signed in to my Ubuntu one account and turned on. It will receive a copy of those files in a few minutes. At which point the files will be mirrored in three different places the laptop, online and in the computer at home. One additional feature is the ability to add folders external to the Ubuntu one folder to be synced by Ubuntu one for you. Your documents folder for example.

I hope this helps explain the feature a bit better for you.


I think it would be no Problem to run Ubuntu on that hardware. On my pentium processor with 2 x 2,13 GHz, with two web browsers and a file manager opened it only takes 800 MB of my 4 GB RAM and runs flawlessy.

If you update from one release to another, you can keep your programs and settings. If you buy a new device, you can keep your settings (backup your home folder) but you'd have to reinstall your programs, even if there are many scripts in the web that make this a lot simpler.


LUBUNTU 14.04 and fcitx-qimpanel : How to remove this BLACK SQUARE

Answered by Aron Xu on launchpad (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/fcitx/+bug/1309841) Lubuntu has no compositing window manager by default, that's why openbox didn't know how to deal with transparency.

So here is the solution to deal with this problem :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:richardgv/compton
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install compton
Then follow this post http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2144468, but with shadow = false;
Restart, and that's it ! No more black square.


Installing Atom text editor on 32-bit Ubuntu

Atom text editor is currently available for all currently supported versions of Ubuntu from the Atom text editor PPA with different builds for 32-bit and 64-bit architectures. Atom text editor can be installed from the terminal by running the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/atom
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install atom

The current version of Atom text editor from ppa:webupd8team/atom updated to Ubuntu 16.04/16.10/17.04/17.10 is 1.0.10 1.22.1.

For more information about Atom text editor visit the official Atom website. A .deb file for installing Atom text editor is currently available from the official Atom website. but only for 64-bit operating systems. To install Atom text editor from the official Atom website on 32-bit Ubuntu follow the instructions in the accepted answer to How I can create a 32-bit version of Atom?.

There is currently an Atom text editor snap package that can be installed in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu using the command sudo snap install --classic atom however the Atom snap package is only available for 64-bit OSs.


How to add a new vnode with Juju 1.20.13 in a environment

The error states that juju couldn't find a machine named CloudMaaSRCNode1.maas in your MAAS server that was in the "Ready" state, that is, ready to be used. Can you check in your MAAS node list that this machine exists, with that name, and that it is available?


How to execute a command when selecting an option and pressing 'ok' button in YAD?

The following code shows how to run some actions on a selected row:
#!/bin/bash

trap 'rm -f "$tmpfile"' EXIT

# you can also double-click on a row to "install" it.

tmpfile=$(mktemp -p /dev/shm)
if output=$(yad \
--button='Exit!application-exit:1' \
--button='Exit and Install!system-run:0' \
--button="Install!system-run:/bin/sh -c \"cat $tmpfile >&2\"" \
--list \
--dclick-action="/bin/sh -c \"printf \%\s'\n' %s >&2\"" \
--select-action="/bin/sh -c \"printf \%\s'\n' %s >$tmpfile\"" \
--separator='\n' \
--center --width=800 --height=600 --title "apps4pi" \
--column "app name" --column "description" \
SimpleScreenRecorder "powerful feature packed yet simple and easy to use screen recorder" \
System-Tools "system maintanance commands all done for you"); then
    printf '%s\n' "$output" >&2
fi

The example command prints the columns of the row line by column in standard error device. "Exit and Install" button does the command by exiting yad and using its output. "Install" button gets the selection from a temporary file, so it does not have to wait for the output; --select-action is used for updating that file. You can also run the action as double-click action on selection; you do not need a temporary file for that. See man yad for more documentation about the options.
As for the icon names I used for buttons, I selected them from among Standard Action Icons specified in the freedesktop.org's Icon Naming Specification.
If you want "installing" to happen only after yad has exited and exiting and installing happen when you choose "Install", use
#!/bin/bash

if output=$(yad \
--button='Exit!application-exit:1' \
--button='Install!system-run:0' \
--list \
--separator='\n' \
--center --width=800 --height=600 --title "apps4pi" \
--column "app name" --column "description" \
SimpleScreenRecorder "powerful feature packed yet simple and easy to use screen recorder" \
System-Tools "system maintanance commands all done for you"); then
    printf '%s\n' "$output" >&2
fi

You can change the column separator to what you like using the --separator option or use the default |. Replace the printf line with your command.


Is there a mind mapping software that can handle latex?

Have you seen: https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/2847/mind-maps-in-latex and https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/44112/mindmapping-with-latex ?

Both suggest http://www.texample.net/tikz/

http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/feature/mindmaps/

...although the provided mindmaps feature is quite "bubbly"

As far as handling Maths:

https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/42611/list-of-available-tikz-libraries-with-a-short-introduction ... Graphics in LATEX using TIKZ ... TIKZ and PGF examples ... and http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/tag/text-and-math/ will also prove helpful.


Can you move the notification popups? If so, how?

Change Notify-OSD's default position via dconf-editor

Run dconf-editor (type dconf in the Dash's search area) and change Notify-OSD's position to centered-right (there are only two positions available):
apps-->notify-osd-->enter 2 by clicking gravity

where is [number] can be:
1 - top-right corner
2 - middle-right
3 - bottom-right corner
4 - bottom-left corner
5 - middle-left
6 - top-left corner


ubuntu 18 Hangs on logo then black screen

On some older video hardware configurations, you may need to set kernel parameters for Ubuntu to boot or work properly. A common one is nomodeset, which is needed for some graphics cards (most commonly NVIDIA) that otherwise boot into a black screen or corrupted splash.

To check if you have an Nvidia graphics card:

lspci | grep -i nvidia

or check your video adapter type:

lspci | grep vga

At boot up press Shift or Escape during boot while GRUB is loading to get the menu.

Press E to edit the first kernel displayed.
On the line ending with a quiet splash. Add the boot option nomodeset quiet splash

Then press CTRL + X to boot

Lots of further reading links on the net regarding Nvidia and nomodeset.

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1613132

How do I set 'nomodeset' after I've already installed Ubuntu?


Strange file appeared by itself and wouldn't let me delete. Then later disappeared

As the commenters have said, there's insufficient data here to give you any solid answers.
There's many ways to prevent a file from being deleted by a user -- the easiest is for the directory permissions to prevent the user from being able to write to the directory. (This can be done even if the user owns the directory in question. The permissions are applied even if the user could modify the permissions.)
The file could also be set 'immutable' via the chattr(1), or the programmatic interface that it uses.
The directory could also be on a read-only filesystem.
The process you're using to try to delete the file could also be confined by a security tool such as AppArmor, SELinux (unlikely on Ubuntu), Seccomp, Firejail, etc. (This is probably unlikely for a shell that you start via terminal on your system.)
Usually programs do not delete files through a 'rubbish bin' sort of system. That's provided by whatever desktop interface you're using, and most programs do not use it. Deleted files are just gone unless you've got something like zfs snapshots or lvm snapshots to maintain data even beyond deletion.
You can watch short-lived files come and go using the filelife-bpfcc tool from the bpfcc-tools package:
$ sudo filelife-bpfcc
[sudo] password for sarnold:
TIME     PID    COMM             AGE(s)  FILE
03:14:34 1400939 mutt             0.00    mutt-millbarge-1000-1400939-6602
03:14:41 1400939 mutt             0.00    mutt-millbarge-1000-1400939-6795
03:14:45 1400939 mutt             0.00    mutt-millbarge-1000-1400939-2043
03:14:45 1400939 mutt             0.00    1350509210-80274.tmp

You can watch which files programs use via the opensnoop-bpfcc tool from the bpfcc-tools package:
$ sudo opensnoop-bpfcc
PID    COMM               FD ERR PATH
6454   thermald            9   0 /sys/class/powercap/intel-rapl/intel-rapl:0/intel-rapl:0:2/energy_uj
6454   thermald            9   0
6454   thermald            9   0 /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone5/temp
10101  i3status            4   0 /sys/class/net/enp0s31f6/uevent
10101  i3status            4   0 /sys/class/net/virbr0/uevent


Ubuntu 18.04.02 AMDGPU installation problems

The problem is that the kernel in Ubuntu 18.04 is too new for the dkms module, so it fails to build correctly. Unfortunately, there's no easy solution that I've found. You can try to run an older kernel (4.10 works, but it's not in the main 18.04 repo so you'll have to download it yourself), or you can just use the built-in driver until they update the amdgpu kernel module for newer kernels.


Start thunar  as root by invoking the command
    gksudo thunar but if
    sudo thunar


How to set spell check languages browser without displaying menus in those languages

I seem to have figured out the cromium problem, apparently chromium does not use the default sources, but a dedicated menu in which you can choose which languages to use. In my question I have the drop-down menu, and under the languages, there is a button Language settings. The available options for language support were a bit hidden to me in LibreOffice, that is where my confusion came from.

This is the menu where I can choose the languages for Chromium, maybe it checks it with an on-line dictionary as opposed to the downloaded ones for the rest of the programs.

Anyways, this was the cause of my confusion/problem.


Since your school uses Ciso based vpn, I would try to purge the package, network-manager-vpnc, and reinstall it. Maybe that would fix the problem.

sudo apt-get purge network-manager-vpnc

sudo apt-get autoremove

sudo apt install network-manager-vpnc


At present, sudo apt-get install lyx actually installs the 2.2.2 version of lyx!


Ubuntu 20.04 Lenovo Ideapad Microphone not working

In addition to the accepted answer, check out:

Disable PulseAudio Auto Volume

edit the following files as root:

sudo emacs -nw /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input-dock-mic.conf
sudo emacs -nw /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input-front-mic.conf
sudo emacs -nw /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input-headphone-mic.conf
sudo emacs -nw /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input-headset-mic.conf
sudo emacs -nw /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input-internal-mic-always.conf
sudo emacs -nw /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input-internal-mic.conf
sudo emacs -nw /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input-mic.conf
sudo emacs -nw /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input-rear-mic.conf

And update the following fields wherever you see them in these files. You don't need to update volume if it's set to off. Only devices that are awake need to be adjusted.

Under [Element Internal Mic Boost] set volume  to zero. This includes any variations like [Element Dock Mic Boost].
Under [Element Int Mic Boost] set volume  to zero.
Under [Element Mic Boost] set volume  to zero.

Restart the computer for the changes to take effect.


Maybe your rep list is not update, so before installing inskape update it using this command : sudo apt-get update

if it does't work ,add inskcape ppa to your ubuntu using this command :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:inkscape.dev/stable

update your apt :

apt-get update

and install :

sudo apt-get install inkscape


Does the computer suspend when you choose the suspend option instead of closing the lid?

Check the suspend logs at /var/log/pm-suspend.log

that might tell you why it's not suspending.


Disks utility says SMART is not supported, is there a workaround or another way to troubleshoot?

After fooling around with Disks I found a benchmark option.

The benchmark can be used to test the read/write speed even if SMART is not supported, this is useful in determining if the hard drive is slow or the installation of your OS is messed up.

Click the drive.
Click the gears icon.
Click "Benchmark..." to benchmark.

For what it's worth my troublesome hard drive has a read/write speed of 8MB/s / 6MB/s, compared to a working one that is closer to 80MB/s. This answers my underlying issue which was trying to figure out if something was wrong with my hard drive or my Windows installation.


Is there any way to block all downloads from Chrome?

There is no way to disable downloads in Chrome.

However, you could set up a proxy server and / or use parental controls on your computer to limit access to certain resources.


Is there any command or app to monitor my system activity?

You should check out gnome-system-monitor it has all the running processes in real time as well as cpu, memory and network usage graphs(also in real time).


Problem with arrow-keys/scrolling in x11vnc

With a bit of help from this post, it turned out that I had to add the following to my script, to be run after the VNC-session has been terminated:

xset -r

This will re-enable the repeating of keypresses.

The reason is, that x11vnc enables -norepeat by default to prevent a common bug, apparently.

A simpler solution would be to run x11vnc with the -repeat option, which does the same thing as xset r.


xubuntu 12.04 hang on boot of kernel 3.2.0-44-generic

Since it looked like the dahdi_transcode initialization was hanging the kernel 3.2.0-44-generic boot, I rebooted into kernel 3.2.0-43-generic and removed all dahdi modules using the Ubuntu Software Center, then rebooted into kernel 3.2.0-44-generic. That did it, no more hang during boot. Since I dont use my desktop box for telephony this solution works for me.


Hold Alt while right-mouse clicking on the panel.
select Add to Panel
Add indicator Applet Complete
Finish


GRUB will be there even if you like it or not. Believe me, its there for a good purpose, for example, if your system fails to boot, you can go into the recovery from the GRUB.

But i f you dont want to see the GRUB screen at all, you can do the following.

We need to edit the grub configuration file. Type the following command into terminal

  gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

This will open up geditor to edit the grub file. Search for GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 and change it to GRUB_TIMEOUT=0.

You should really consider changing it to a smaller time like 3 or 4 because changing it to 0 will result in the GRUB screen not visible at all, and in case you run into issues, it will be a pain to rectify.

Save the file and close geditor.

Then type sudo update-grub and reboot system.


18.04 Lubuntu: How to check HDMI version?

If you can determine the date of manufacture or first customer boot date, you can compare it to the release dates of HDMI versions and get a good idea as to which standard would have been applied.

$ sudo dmidecode | grep -A7 -i "oem strings"
OEM Strings
    String 1: AAABAAAAAWAA
    String 2: 2013/04/24
    String 3: SECPARTN:ABI
    String 4: Not Specified
    String 5: Not Specified
    String 6: Not Specified
    String 7: [LCD_15][IBT_00]

Note: These are free-form strings defined by the OEM. Manufacturers will configure them differently, so a date may or may not be there.
For reference, the System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification can be found here.

In my example, you can see the date given is: 2013/04/24, which was the date I bought the computer, and the first time it was booted by a customer.

Comparing that to the HDMI release dates (wikipedia):
HDMI 2.0 was released on September 4, 2013
HDMI 1.4b was released on October 11, 2011
HDMI 1.4a was released on March 4, 2010
HDMI 1.4 was released on June 5, 2009
HDMI 1.3a was released on November 10, 2006
HDMI 1.3 was released on June 22, 2006
HDMI 1.2 was released on August 8, 2005
HDMI 1.1 was released on May 20, 2004
HDMI 1.0 was released on December 9, 2002

I can therefore assume my system is running HDMI 1.4, most probably 1.4b


Try ifconfig eth1 it gives output for the eth1 port only.

Also keep in mind that Linux, and all other systems for that matter, start counting at 0. If you only have one nic installed you should be looking for eth0.

If you do have 2 nic's  installed use sudo, vim or less to check /etc/network for available nic's and look for a file called interfaces, you can either run cat interfaces or less interfaces to view available nic's.


you should use -lm at the end.

because unresolved symbols are found after gcc encounters montecarlo_time.o and there is no library or anything else in which it can find it can resolve that symbol.


How to restrict openvpn clients to communicate with other vpn clients

Stan,

gertvdijk is only partially correct.  What you must do is disable client-to-client in the server configuration file, but you also must configure OpenVPN in a way where every client is on their own /30 subnet, rather than having every client in the same /24 (or whatever) subnet.

So to answer your question, it is NOT possible to prevent client to client communication if they are on the same subnet using OpenVPN's server/client configuration alone.

With that said, of course you could use iptables to block specific traffic per host, however this would be quite cumbersome not only to configure, but also to scale.  Therefore, your best option would be to configure /30 subnets for each client.


I think that I installed Ubuntu over my Windows 8 partitions

Boot into ubuntu os and open the terminal by pressing ctrl+alt+t and run the below commands on it,

sudo update-grub
sudo shutdown -r now

After restarting,your grub will display windows os and you can select and boot it.The above commands will reinstall your grub to display both windows and ubuntu os's.


I've got an Ubuntu 15.10 running well, problem with Chrome and Netflix

I know from experience that you can use Netflix on Ubuntu 15.10 with the google-chrome browser (not with the open source chromium!). You problem could be caused by some add-on or configuration issue. First things to try:

try to access Netflix with an incognito window (CTRL-SHIFT-N), this should  prevent all extensions from interfering. If this works, try to disable the extensions one by one until you find the guilty one.
try to access with a clean google-chrome profile, the easier way is to start with a different data dir:
google-chrome --user-data-dir=/tmp/google-chrome-netflix
do NOT login to your google account (which would import all your preferences) and try to go to Netflix. If this works, you may either dig deeper in the preferences until you find what's wrong, or stick to a different google-chrome data directory especially for Netflix (do not put it in /tmp in this case)


I edited the .desktop file as a workaround:

sudo sed -ir 's/^\(DBus\)/#\1/' /usr/share/applications/org.gnome.font-viewer.desktop

Normally I advise against changing package owned file under /usr/share, since such changes will be overridden at next update of the package in question. However, in this case the issue is about to be fixed with the next update of the package, and it will start working again without workarounds.

The fix for this has been released, please run

sudo apt dist-upgrade


How to monitor battery condition and pop-up notification?

Step one: make pm-suspend accessible to all users, no password asked

Do sudo visudo and add this line at the end of the file: yourusername ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/pm-suspend

Source: How do I run specific sudo commands without a password?

Step two: create batwatch.desktop file:

This is the file that will launch automatically the monitoring script. The file must be stored in $HOME/.config/autostart/ folder.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=/home/serg/bin/batwatch.sh
Hidden=false
NoDisplay=false
Name=Battery Monitor Script

Notice that the script is in my /home/serg/bin folder. You can use whatever folder you like, but for the sake of standards /usr/bin or /home/username/bin would be more prefered.

Source: How to run a script on startup

Step three:create the actual script, save in the same location as Exec= line

Here's the actual script. Notice, I'm using bash there, but it also should work with korn shell. I added some comments, so read those to understand what the script does exactly

#!/bin/bash

# Check if the battery is connected
if [ -e /sys/class/power_supply/BAT1 ]; then

    # this line is for debugging mostly. Could be removed
    #notify-send --icon=info "STARTED MONITORING BATERY"
    zenity --warning --text "STARTED MONITORING BATERY"

    while true;do
            # Get the capacity
            CAPACITY=$( cat /sys/class/power_supply/BAT1/uevent | grep -i capacity | cut -d'=' -f2 )

            case $CAPACITY in
            # do stuff when we hit 11 % mark
            [0-9]|11)
                # send warning and suspend only if battery is discharging
                # i.e., no charger connected
                STATUS=$(  cat /sys/class/power_supply/BAT1/uevent | grep -i status | cut -d'=' -f2 )
                 if [ $(echo $STATUS) == "Discharging" ]; then

                    #notify-send --urgency=critical --icon=dialog-warning "LOW BATTERY! SUSPENDING IN 30 sec"
                    zenity --warning --text "LOW BATTERY! SUSPENDING IN 30 sec"
                    sleep 30
                    gnome-screensaver-command -l && sudo pm-suspend
                    break
                 fi
                ;;
            *)
            sleep 1
                continue
                ;;
            esac
    done
fi

Step four: reboot and test if the script works

For this purpose you can adjust the number  [0-9]|11) to whatever value you like, for example 65) to suspend at 65%. The you will suspend only if you're not connected to power supply (i.e, not charging).

Let me know if you like this, and if it works, make sure to upvote and click the grey checkmark to the left side of my answer !

Cheers !


Upgrade Ubuntu 19 to 20 without installing bootloader

If you expicitly want to avoid the standard process the updater is made for, just do a sudo sed -i 's/eoan/focal/g' /etc/apt/sources.list, followed by sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade. Be prepared for questions from apt during the process and decisions you have to make yourself, instead of the Ubuntu installer doing that for you.

You also have to make sure that any ppas you have have to be manually lifted to Focal, or kept at Eoan, or deleted, after the upgrade went through.

If you are Power User enough to use rEFInd with different distros, it shouldn't be too difficult. Everyone else, you are advised to stick to the Ubuntu installer.


If you use GNOME Shell or GNOME Fallback ("GNOME Classic") in Ubuntu, they are supported by the community rather than by Canonical, but they updated under the same circumstances under which Unity (and Unity 2D) is updated.

As with Unity (and Unity 2D), GNOME Shell and GNOME Fallback can get big changes including new features with each subsequent release of Ubuntu (though GNOME Fallback might not ever change much). Each stable release of Ubuntu ships with the versions of software that are stable in Ubuntu in time for them to be included.

As for the specific mail indicator problem you're experiencing, you should report this as a bug.


As far as I can tell, it is of the form:

/run/user/$(id -u)

For example, my UID is 1000, so XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is /run/user/1000. You can try setting it in ~/.pam_environment:

echo "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$(id -u)" >> ~/.pam_environment

I couldn't find any sources for this, though.


Internet connection through Bluetooth PAN profile?

Does this howto help?

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=598890


Error at startup on Linux after computer shutdown during Ubuntu 18 update

I managed to solve the problem.

On startup, choose Advanced options for Ubuntu in the GNU GRUB menu, then enter in recovery mode, such as Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-137-generic (recovery mode).
Once it loads, run fsck, reboot after finished, then get in recovery mode again and run dpkg. I had to run each of these a few times, as it kept getting stuck at different points, and I had to cancel it some times...
Once done with these, get in recovery mode and on root, and run:

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
apt-get install -f
grub-update
grub-update2
reboot

Enter on recovery mode once more, and just resume. It worked for me, and I was inside the interface, where I opened a terminal and reran all of the commands above, as well as completed installation through interface windows that showed up as the system started.


Which is more effective, TLP or CPUfreq?

CPUfreq is a tool to control frequency scaling and may be used to limit power dissipation.

TLP is a complete power saving tool that covers frequency scaling settings too, so no need to use CPUfreq when TLP is installed.

Both tools do not conflict as long as you do not use frequency scaling settings in TLP.


How to install Awesome WM without root access?

I didn't still success, but as for now I managed to get most of it.

By installing each dependency within a fakeroot environment the system thinks every dependency is right. Except for Awesome itself.

The config is so poorly written that every single component has its path hardcoded in every config file.
When I have time later I'll try to "regexly" solve that problem and recompile Awesome.

If anybody else does have a solution I'd like to know and discuss it, maybe mark it as accepted.


Why does Ubuntu list my Intel Graphics drivers as Unknown:Unknown (not recommended)?

The system does not list your Intel graphics as "unknown".

What you see at that screen in Intel CPU microcode updater. It is not related to graphics.

See this Q&A for clarification.

There is no proprietary driver for Intel adapters. They are built into the system.

Everything is OK with your system, nothing to be done with graphics.


Try remounting your file systems read/write, as described here and here, and then rerunning dkpg.  I.e., do

sudo mount -o remount,rw /
sudo dpkg --configure -a

See the linked answers for more info if this does not work.


I created this from your other question as well.  It took me a bit, but this is what I was able to come up with to create the folders based on the zip file name, removing the .zip from the folder name, then extracting the zip file into that folder.

#!/bin/bash

echo "Start folder create..."
find . -type f -iname "*.zip" | while read filename
do
 filename1=${filename:2}
 foldername=$PWD/"${filename1%.*}"
 mkdir -p "$foldername"
 unzip "$filename" -d "$foldername"
 echo "Created directory $foldername and extracted files to it."
done

The line filename1=${filename:2} strips off the ./ of the name.


Cannot extend across 2 monitors in Xubuntu

Open a terminal and try this command to have xrandr make the change:

xrandr --output VGA-0 --primary --left-of VGA-1

If xrandr succeeds, you have to run this command every time you log in to your user account though.


Firefox changed adress bar search engine from Google to Wikipedia after update

Click on the little arrow in the search box, and then choose Google as your search engine.

If the above doesn't work, try SearchResetThis is a simple Firefox extension that backs up existing values of the home page and keyword search preferences, and then resets them to their default values. It also resets the current search engine to the original default engine, and then uninstalls itself.

also, make sure in about:config that:

browser.fixup.alternate.enabled should be false
keyword.enabled should be true
keyword.URL should be http://www.google.com/search?ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=


Currently CRAN mirror provides R 3.6 by default.

To get R 3.5 on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS we need to add CRAN repository with:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/"
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E084DAB9
sudo apt-get update

and then adjust APT to the highest priority of R 3.5.x versions for the CRAN repository with long single command:

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/pin-r35
Package: r-*
Pin: release a=bionic-cran35
Pin: version 3.5*
Pin-Priority: 800

Package: r-cran-nlme
Pin: release a=bionic-cran35
Pin: version 3.1.139-1bionic0
Pin-Priority: 800

Package: r-cran-cluster
Pin: release a=bionic-cran35
Pin: version 2.0.8-1bionic0
Pin-Priority: 800
EOF

Then install R 3.5 with the command below:

sudo apt-get install r-base r-base-dev

And finally check that R version is 3.5:

$ R

R version 3.5.3 (2019-03-11) -- "Great Truth"

Notes:

I have checked this method on clean Ubuntu 18.04 LTS VM with two essential R packages installed - r-base and r-base-dev (and their dependencies).
If you want to revert to R 3.6 - then simply remove pin/lock file with sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/pin-r35 and run sudo apt-get dist-upgrade to get the newest dependencies.
For Ubuntu 16.04 LTS the method is very similar - see my other answer.


Is there a standard installation location for scripts?

In unix and unix-like systems, you spread the files around the system based on what type of file it is. Executables go in /usr/bin or /usr/sbin, libraries go in /usr/lib etc.

Your project sounds more like the "Windows" way; putting all files in one directory. The FHS prefers /opt for such schemes.

E.g. /opt/yourproject_prod/, /opt/yourproject_test/


How do I run an installed program? (Command line)

Generally when you install a program, you will be able to run it from the command line by typing the name of the program installed. Note that this name will not always match the name of the package (e.g. alsa-tools provides as10k1, hda-verb, sbiload and us428control).

As discussed in the comments by George and Terrance, the program must also be in your PATH variable so that you don't require the full path to run it. For some reason "cowsay" is not, so you can temporarily add it as described by Terrance using:

PATH=$PATH:/usr/games

If this works, you can permanently add this location to your path variable. This can be done by modifying .profile, .pam_environment, or other locations as described in the references below. For example, adding the following to ~/.profile should work:

export PATH="$PATH:/usr/games"

The above will take effect on the next login.

References:

How to add a directory to the PATH?
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables#Persistent_environment_variables


It looks like it's not so much a problem of the wrong graphics driver, rather that the Nvidia graphics driver has dependencies that are provided by the nvidia-driver-390 package in 18.04, 18.10, 19.04, 19.10, 20.04, 20.10 and 21.04, but not by ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa or whatever software source you installed version 415 of the Nvidia proprietary graphics driver from. The steps to follow are missing some information (which you should provide) depending on the source of version 415 of the Nvidia proprietary graphics driver that you installed, but basically they are as follows.

At the black screen where the boot process has stopped, open a text-only console by using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Alt+F3.

At the login: prompt type your username and press Enter.

At the Password: prompt type your user password and press Enter.

Now you are logged in to a text-only virtual console, and you can run terminal commands from the console.

Remove the software source of the existing Nvidia graphics driver. The apt policy command will show the name of the Nvidia graphics PPA that was added to your software sources if there is one. PPA names have the form ppa:name-of-ppa/ppa . Please comment if there is any doubt about the exact name of this PPA, and I will look it up online.
 sudo add-apt-repository --remove <ppa:name-of-ppa/ppa>
 sudo apt update

Remove the existing Nvidia graphics driver. The ubuntu-drivers list command will show the Nvidia proprietary graphics driver that is installed.
 sudo apt remove $(dpkg -l | grep nvidia-driver | awk '{print $2}')
 sudo apt autoremove
 sudo reboot

Install the Nvidia graphics driver from the default Ubuntu 18.10 repositories. The following two commands can be run from either the terminal or from a virtual console as before.
 sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
 sudo reboot

The ubuntu-drivers autoinstall command installs drivers that are appropriate for automatic installation including their dependencies, and the Nvidia driver will also be updated automatically when an update is available.


Reboot fails after 16.04 installation on Virtualbox VM

Issue is resolved.

I entered a Ctrl+C and the main desktop started up.  I was able to manoeuvre around and based on another solution I found on this site entered the following:

After you have fully booted into your VM open a terminal and type sudo su to become root (you will be prompted for your password) then type the following:

# to check the module is loaded
lsmod | grep intel_rapl

If it is loaded blacklist it in /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf by adding it to the end of the file: the next line will do that

echo "blacklist intel_rapl" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

After that only thing left to do is update the initramfs by:

update-initramfs -u -k all

After that you can become a normal user again by typing exit then close the terminal and reboot the VM.


Compiz crashed after a few tweaks, and now I cannot start it again!

I found out how to solve. Pretty funny though!

It was quite simple actually, rather than trying to launch ccsm from the recovery console, i started nautilus (From Docky, which was working for me), and went to "Computer/usr/bin" (On Ubuntu 12.10). From there I could launch ccsm and found out that all plugins were disabled. I went ahead and added in unity and other plugins, and everything's back to normal!

Hope this helps everyone who has a similar problem!

Ciao!
Pranay


The delay does not mean a delay between your computer and the source. Rather, this is the time taken for a roundtrip of the ntp message.

There is a fundamental uncertainty as to how to synchronize two clocks when messages between them take some amount of time, greater than zero. NTP tries to do the best guess it can. However, if for example the network messages take a drastically different time in each direction, it will not be accurate.

In other words, you shouldn't worry about the delay figure. It is a statistic provided for people tweaking NTP and does not represent the level of discrepancy.

See for example http://tech.kulish.com/2007/10/30/ntp-ntpq-output-explained/


try sudo passwd [login]

See also https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/user-management.html


"Input/Output Error during Read on /dev/sda"

Before you give up on your hard drive, always try re-seating the data cables and try different cables and motherboard ports to see if it is just a cabling issue.  However, a SMART test is usually something that the drive performs itself, so if it fails a "self check" that is initiated by the drive itself, it is likely just a bad drive.  Checking cables is so cheap and easy it often pays to check those.

If you have another computer that you can plug the drive into you can rule out your motherboard BIOS or power supply causing the problem.  If possible, I would not use the same cable if you move to another PC to test it.  That way you eliminate that as a possible suspect.  If your drive fails the same way in another machine, you definitely have a bad drive.

If the drive is an SSD, make sure you check for firmware updates from the manufacturer as well.  I doubt this is the cause of your issue though, since SSDs are usually tested and work out of the box in most systems from the factory.  Firmware updates are usually to solve efficiency problems or bugs.

Good luck!


Your desktop is in /home/your_user_name/Desktop. Letters' register is important in Linux systems. desktop and Desktop are different folders. Also, run Nautilus as root from terminal, if you want it to work with root user's folders.

If you want to move files into root user's folders using terminal, use sudo command:

$ sudo mv /home/your_user_name/Desktop/jre-8u241-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/java/


What to use for building ubuntu/debian packages?

What I managed to find out. First, there is this brief description which is what I mostly ask here.

At the core of the build system lies dpkg-buildpackages, which uses fakeroot, which in its turn runs debian/rules (which is a makefile) to bulid a package. And that might be enough if you're going to build a package for internal use for the release you're running it in.

If on the other hand you're aiming at contibuting to debian/ubuntu, you're going to use at least debuild, which runs lintian and signs the files.

If you want to target different debian/ubuntu releases, you're going to use pbuilder, which among other things builds packages in a clean environment not clobbered with your already installed packages to see the actual dependencies. One might consider using pbuilder-dist to simplify matters even more.

There's pdebuild which is said to be "pbuilder way of doing debuild". I don't see it running lintian, but that might be not in line with pbuilder way.

Then there's also cowbuilder, if you want to speed up building packages (wrapper around pbuilder?). There are also tools for building from git repositories, I haven't dug into.

UPD I'm told on #debian-mentors that "sbuild behaves the same as the buildd, less surprises", that "pbuilder's support for experimental is just wrong", that "OTOH sbuild still misses something to take away network from the build process", and that pbuilder is not maintained. Taking away network is needed since building packages should not rely on it being present, they shouldn't download anything.

schroot from experimental is supposedly able to isolate (unshare) network.


Ubuntu does not detect 2nd HDD (Acer Aspire 3)

I have the same Acer laptop model and I faced the same problem. This problem doesn't have solution. Linux just doesn't support hdd controller used in this laptop model.


Ubuntu Blackscreen Post-Installation (nomodeset won't work)

For me it Worked by doing

sudo uninstall flgrx*

then i did

sudo install flgrx-updates

then

rebooted

For me it was a problem after I added my AMD Radeon Graphic card. The problem I think is when I do updates that cause problems with the AMD driver I downloaded. I think that you shouldn't update your ubuntu often if you're going to play on it. You should wait for any new driver to come out then uninstall the old one upgrade ubuntu install the new one. Or like a friend of mine was saying you could update but exclude your graphic card drivers from the update.


How can I add an application to the list of Open With applications?

If you have /usr/share/applications/$application.desktop, change
Exec=$command

to
Exec=$command %F

in the file, where $application is the name of application, and $command is the command to execute for desired action.
Then, you will be able to add the application to the list.
It may be necessary to change MimeType=applications/php etc., if it is not still displayed. (Run sudo update-desktop-database after changing that.) Although it may be needlessness for Komodo, it could be necessary for other applications.

You may use the sed program to do the replacement. Please arrange the portion of Exec=command according to your application.desktop file.
sudo sed -i 's/Exec=command/Exec=command %F/' application.desktop


auto-save (and auto-delete) screen recorder video?

You don't need any extra software. Linux is shipped with such functionality already in the form of cron:

Just create a script /etc/cron.hourly/archive_screenrecorder_files:

#!/bin/sh
DATE=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M")
ARCHIVE=/path/to/archive/$DATE
mkdir -p $ARCHIVE
mv /path/to/recordings/* $ARCHIVE/

and another file /etc/cron.daily/delete_screenrecorder_files that will be executed once a day (the hour and minute is defined in /etc/crontab)


It looks like the permissions might be wrong. You could try

sudo chown -R justas:justas /home/justas/.local

to change ownership of that whole subtree back to you. If that doesn't do it, you can change the permissions of all files and directories to allow you to read them by:

chmod -R u+r /home/justas/.local
find /home/justas/.local -type d -exec chmod u+x \{\} \+

The first command adds the read permission to everything in that subtree, the second command searches for all directories and adds the execute permission, allowing you to change into it.


Error in recognizing arduino on ubuntu 20.04

This happens because your user account does not have permission to access the USB Serial port.
You can fix this by running sudo usermod -a -G dialout $USER and rebooting your computer. After this, start Arduino IDE again, choose the port again and upload the firmware again.
Note: In general, I recommend installing the "Arduino IDE" Snap from Ubuntu Software instead of installing Arduino IDE manually from the Arduino website. The snap should check if you have the right permissions and explains how to fix the issue.


Share a folder with USB (as an external Hard Drive)

It may be difficult to make your old laptop into a USB hard disk drive for the TV.
It might be easier to plug the external video output (VGA, DVI, HDMI, ...) to the TV's video input (often VGA and HDMI). You may need a converting cable, if the ports on the computer and TV do not match.
It would be straightforward to get a USB drive, HDD or SSD, or an external box for a SATA drive and a standard SATA HDD or SSD and copy your multimedia files into that. Then you can connect the USB drive to either the laptop or the TV.


Can't install libudev-dev on Ubuntu 16.04

My guess is that there is a simple mix-up in the control file of that archive, you should report that as a bug.

However a actual workaround could be this very dirty hack, which can as well break things!

Download the package from here then open a terminal and switch to your Downloads folder.

There unpack the .deb archive with:

dpkg-deb -R libudev-dev_229-4ubuntu4_amd64.deb tmp

Then change one line inside the tmp/DEBIAN/control file:

sed -i 's/229-4ubuntu4/229-4ubuntu5/' tmp/DEBIAN/control

After this repack the .deb file with (I choose here to give it a different name)

dpkg-deb -b tmp libudev-dev_229-fixbuntu_amd64.deb

Now you can install it after you made sure you have all dependencies installed already with:

dpkg -i libudev-dev_229-fixbuntu_amd64.deb

Note: This fix might work, but it can as well break things if there are really changes which are not taken into account properly by the maintainers. So understand you do this hack at your own risk.


Need support about fglrx package on vivid

Please try nomodeset boot parameter. For quick test, press e key in grub, find the line starting with linux /vmlinuz..., add nomodeset in the end and press Ctrl+X.

Regrading xorg.conf, this file is not required except if you need some specific configuration. You can try to backup and remove it.

If nomodeset parameter helps to boot without an issue, you can try delete package xserver-xorg-video-radeon (open-source driver) which may conflict with fglrx (proprietary driver)


Start and configure Apache in Ubuntu 19.10

Before installing new software, it's a good idea to refresh your local software package database to make sure you are accessing the latest versions. This helps cut down on the time it takes to update after installation, and it also helps prevent zero-day exploits against outdated software.

Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt update

Install Apache.

To install the Apache package on Ubuntu, use the command:

sudo apt install apache2

When the system prompts for confirmation do so, and allow the system to complete the installation.

Verify the Apache installation.

To verify Apache was installed correctly, open a web browser and type in the address bar:

http://local.server.ip

The web browser should open a page labeled Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page as shown in the below screenshot:

Note: Replace local.server.ip with the IP address of your server. If you are unsure what's the IP address, run the following terminal command:

hostname -I | awk '{print $1}'

The output will return your server's IP address.
Configure your firewall.

Although the Apache installation process is complete, there is one more additional step. Configure the default UFW firewall to allow traffic on port 80.

Start by displaying available app profiles on UFW:

sudo ufw show app list

The terminal should respond by listing all available application profiles, as seen in the example below.

Available applications:
  Apache
  Apache Full
  Apache Secure
  OpenSSH

Use the following command to allow normal web traffic on port 80:

sudo ufw allow 'Apache'

Verify the changes by checking UFW status:

sudo ufw status

If you have other applications or services to allow, make sure you configure your firewall to allow traffic. For example, running the sudo ufw allow 'OpenSSH' command will enable secure, encrypted logins over the network.

Note: At this point, your Apache service on Ubuntu is up and running. If you are familiar with Apache, a next common step is setting up Apache virtual hosts.

Apache Configuration

Apache Service Controls

When managing a web server, it's helpful to have some level of control over the service. You'll probably find yourself reloading or restarting Apache quite frequently, as you make configuration changes and test them. However, it's also helpful to be able to stop (and start) the Apache service as needed.

This operation uses the systemctl command, with a series of switches:

Stop Apache:

sudo systemctl stop apache2.service

Start Apache:

sudo systemctl start apache2.service

Restart Apache:

sudo systemctl restart apache2.service

Reload Apache:

sudo systemctl reload apache2.service

Apache Configuration Files, Directories and Modules

Now that you have Apache installed, there are a couple of other things you will need to be aware of to make content available online. Most of all, this means dealing with directories and configuration files.

Directories

After installing, Apache by default creates a document root directory at /var/www/html.

Any files that you place into this directory are available to Apache to distribute over the network. Which means, this is the place where you copy webpage files you want to publish. This is also where you would want to install content management systems, such as WordPress.

Configuration Files

As mentioned above, website content is stored in the /var/www/html/ directory. You can create subdirectories within this location for each different website hosted on your server.

Apache creates log files for any errors it generates in the /var/log/apache2/error.log file.

It also creates access logs for its interactions with clients in the /var/log/apache2/access.log file.

Like many Linux-based applications, Apache functions through the use of configuration files. They are all located in the /etc/apache2/ directory.

Here's a list of other essential directories:

/etc/apache2/apache2.conf – This is the main Apache configuration file and controls everything Apache does on your system. Changes here affect all the websites hosted on this machine.
/etc/apache2/ports.conf – The port configuration file. You can customize the ports Apache monitors using this file. By default, Port 80 is configured for http traffic.
/etc/apache2/sites-available – Storage for Apache virtual host files. A virtual host is a record of one of the websites hosted on the server.
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled – This directory holds websites that are ready to serve clients. The a2ensite command is used on a virtual host file in the sites-available directory to add sites to this location.

There are many directories and configuration files, which are detailed in the Apache Ubuntu documentation. These can be used to add modules to enhance Apache's functionality or to store additional configuration information.

Modules

If you intend to work with software modules – applications that expand or enhance the functionality of Apache – you can enable them by using:

sudo a2enmod name_of_module

To disable the module:

sudo a2dismod name_of_module

Source: revised from How to Install Apache on Ubuntu 18.04


How to copy the permission of root to current user?

Copying things as root will make things become owned by root (gksudo I think is just to stop program settings etc becoming owned by root - see here) - you should be able to fix it using the following :

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /<PATH>/<TO>/<COPIED>/<FOLDER>

It:

Uses chown
-R recursively modifies directories and files
$USER is replaced with your username by the shell (command line, bash etc), so it tells it to make the files' and folders' user and group IDs your user's.
Carries it out on the specified path - e.g./<PATH>/<TO>/<COPIED>/<FOLDER>. Do not do it on just /, /usr etc, as it probably will break the system.

For example:

$ touch file
$ sudo cp file filert
$ ls -l | grep file
-rw-rw-r--.  1 wilf wilf         0 Jul  2 09:42 file
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root         0 Jul  2 09:43 filert

The above commands. create a file called file, copy it as root to filert, then displays the file properties. When files are copied as root, the resulting file should be owned by root - this is what happened to your files. With the above example, filert can be made usable by a normal user using:

$ sudo chown $USER:$USER filert
$ ls -l | grep file
-rw-rw-r--.  1 wilf wilf         0 Jul  2 09:42 file
-rw-r--r--.  1 wilf wilf         0 Jul  2 09:43 filert


I was in a similar situation and i finally solved it today, following this guide.

I didnt remove nouveau (step 3) because I think its unnecessary. I also skipped disabling gpu-manager (step 9).

I installed the 364 driver so I added this to /etc/modprobe.d/bumblebee.conf:

blacklist nvidia-364
blacklist nvidia-364-updates
blacklist nvidia-experimental-364

And I also changed this line:

remove nvidia rmmod nvidia-uvm nvidia

To this:

remove nvidia rmmod nvidia-uvm nvidia-drm nvidia-modeset nvidia

I did this because on my laptop nvidia-drm is stopping me from removing nvidia-modeset, which is stopping me from removing nvidia module, which stops bbswitch from turning off the card. I'm not sure if this is the best solution (probably not) but it works for me so far.

I also changed /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf accordingly to 364.

If success, cat /proc/acpi/bbswitch should return 0000:01:00.0 OFF

Hope this helps.


No operating system found Ubuntu 14.04 Dual Boot

I'm pretty sure my SSD crashed, as it doesn't even show up in BIOS.  I tried the power reset procedure for SSDs but it did no good.  Well, this is unfortunate.


Due to the facts the specs stated I would recommend Lubuntu for a less intensive-resource-heavy operation.


How to install the MPEG-4 AAC decoder and the H.264 decoder?

ubuntu-restricted-extras package allows users to install ability to play popular non-free media formats, including DVD, MP3, Quicktime, and Windows Media formats.
To install ubuntu-restricted-extras package:

Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T.

Run this command:
 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

Alternatively, you can install the package via Software Center by launching it via Dash and searching the package and clicking on Install.

Also, try installing libavcodec54 libav-tools and ffmpeg with this command:
sudo apt-get install libavcodec54 libav-tools ffmpeg

EDIT: Ubuntu 20.04
In Ubuntu 20.04, you want libavcodec58 instead of 54:
sudo apt-get install libavcodec58 libav-tools ffmpeg


How do I get Ubuntu Music to sync my existing collection?

Depending on what version of Ubuntu you're on and on what your connectivity is like, uploading your entire collection can take a significant amount of time. Don't despair, as it most likely will be making progress; if it doesn't, it's a bug I'd need you to report.


Netplan - Ethernet when available, wifi when not. Reconnect if needed

Try...

An optional device is not required for booting. Normally, networkd will wait some time for device to become configured before proceeding with booting. However, if a device is marked as optional, networkd will not wait for it. This is only supported by networkd, and the default is false.

Source: https://netplan.io/reference

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp2s0:
      dhcp4: yes
      dhcp4-overrides:    # possibly not functional yet
        route-metric: 100 # possibly not functional yet
      optional: true
  wifis:
    wlx0013xxx:
      access-points:
        "the-network":
          password: "the-password"
      dhcp4: true
      dhcp4-overrides:    # possibly not functional yet
        route-metric: 200 # possibly not functional yet


Well, I feel like an idiot. I found the solution myself, I just installed rEFInd to the root of the SSD that Ubuntu resides on. Presto, it works. It worked for the USB 3.0 thumb drive I had as well. I'm not sure if it matters, but they are both formatted as GPT.


Can I use Thunderbird to access Microsoft Exchange server?

Your question is very similar to this AU answer.

In summary - if your MS Exchange server supports IMAP or POP3 then thunderbird can be used as your Email client.

However, if you want to directly support MS Outlook .pst files and other MS Exchange capabilities, then Evolution is a better client to use.


add-apt-repository gives no result, cursor keeps on blinking for long time

Try adding the repository manually.

Open a terminal, do not login as root, and type the following:

echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/slimbook/slimbook/ubuntu `lsb_release -sc` main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/slimbook-ubuntu-slimbook-`lsb_release -sc`.list

Verify that you've added the repository:

cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/slimbook*

Add the GPG key (per N0rbert's comment):

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys BE80F1EEB3838E61E42091B378A22399981017FC

Then update:

sudo apt update

NOTE: You probably already know this, but you should not be logging into a terminal as a root user; use sudo instead.


You probably added some ppas to your  14.04 machine's sources in the past.

You could compare /etc/apt/sources.list files and /etc/apt/sources.list.d directories to get more information on this.


Security risk for making the sudo password timeout infinite?

The sudo timeouts apply only to the current shell session. Try this:

Open a terminal
Run sudo ls. You will be asked for a password
Run sudo ls again. You will not be asked for a password because the timeout hasn't yet expired
Open another terminal window
Run sudo ls in the new terminal. You will be asked for your password even though the timeout for the first session hasn't expired yet.

Your biggest risk of long sudo timeout is if you use sudo and then go for a coffee someone might reuse your sudo capabilities while you are away.


The issue was fixed by updating to a newer Nvidia driver then resetting Unity. The issue seemingly was a conflict between Compiz and the recommended Nvidia driver. I hope this helps other people.


Windows doesn't boot after restoring grub

You have to select the #6 option i.e. Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sdb2) to get into Windows. Once you are in Ubuntu you can try this

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer
grub-customizer

and move the Windows entry up so that your laptop/desktop goes directly into Windows.

I will suggest to remove these three entries
Windows UEFI bootmgfw.efi
Windows Boot UEFI loader
EFI/Ubuntu/MokManager.efi

You can refer to this thread
remove un-necessary EFI entries

Hope this helps


Does the kernel 2.6.38-10-generic plug a memory hole?

There are changelogs for the kernel packages. I recommend you read them, they usually detail the various changes to the packages/kernels, including reasons for the update to the package.  (this answer was converted from a comment which I posted to this thread and removed after posting this answer)


You see:

bash: cd: /media/geo/Novo: No such file or directory

since you tried to set a variable for the folder "/media/geo/Novo volume/Geo" (with a space) and the error is about only the first part of the path up to the space, you see, that the space is wrongly treated as separator.

If you want to use

cd $geo

yuo could have to include the quotes in the string:

export geo='"/media/geo/Novo volume/Geo"'

which isn't a good solution, a better approach is to set an alias in your .bash_aliases for example:

alias cd-geo='cd "/media/geo/Novo volume/Geo"'
alias cd-windows='cd /media/geo/OS/Users/Geo'


Remove all network connection information list

Click on the indicator for your network, or go to Network under System Settings.

Then, click on Mobile Broadband and select the network that you do not want to keep any longer. Then, click on the Delete button to the right.

Here is a screenshot of where that button is. This is me demonstrating from my Wireless network selection, but it applies for Mobile Broadband too. I don't have any Mobile Broadband connections, so I demonstrated with my Wireless selection.

Edit:

If the steps above do not work, try the following:
Open a terminal and run the following commands:

cd /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections
ls

(Copy down the connection names that you want to keep)

sudo mkdir /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections1
sudo cp (CONNECTION 1 NAME YOU WANT TO KEEP) /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections1
sudo cp (CONNECTION 2 NAME YOU WANT TO KEEP) /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections1

(Repeat for every one you would like to keep)

sudo rm -r /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections
sudo mv /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections1 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections
unity --replace

So you understand what the commands did ran are to do, you are creating a temporary folder for the connections you want to keep, moving them to that temporary folder, deleting the entire folder with the other names so you don't need to delete every individual one, and moving the temporary folder to the place of the old one, so your system thinks that's the original folder. Unity --replace will simply redraw your desktop to  refresh the list to what you need.


For most users that's the Windows key since the popularity given by Microsoft after Windows 95 became a mainspread OS (look at this Wikipedia article).

For beginners keep calling it the Windows key but explain them that there are also another widespread name in Ubuntu for that key and it's the Super key, with this they become familiar with the terms.

In the other hand, for advanced users just use the terminology of Super key since they might already know that key with that name.

In that way all the new people getting into the Ubuntu world will became familiar with the terms of the shortcuts used in Unity and in other software and also it's easy for them to understand.


The theme is old and written for compiz (emerald) - about emerald

There are several options on gnome look:

Die Hard first option

Die Hard second option

Die Hard third option

The information on the left of the screenshots is conky. Not sure of the theme.

It may be here - https://kitty-o-connor.deviantart.com/art/Die-Hard-4-Conky-539632171

Obviously not a perfect match, but you could start with that template and modify it to your desire.

As the themes are old there is no guarantee they will work. Install compiz and put the themes in ~/.themes and give it a try.

If you want them for gnome-shell you would have to modify or write a custom them, but perhaps you can use the old themes as a general template for colors / fonts ?

There are similar named themes on kde look and xfce look as well (again all for emerald). You may have the best luck with xfce + compiz as xfce has changed less than gnome or kde since the theme was written.

kde look

xfce look


How can I use Cisco WebEx in Firefox on 64-bit Ubuntu 14.10

After installing the java prerequisites, I had issues getting screen/application sharing on 15.04 (64-bit) working, even though I was able to log in to the meeting and attempt to start screen sharing (i.e. there are no obvious indications things won't work), so after some digging was able to use the following command to get the required 32-bit libraries installed quickly:

sudo apt-get install $(ldd ~/.webex/\*/\*.so| awk '/not found/{print $1}' | sort -u | apt-file -l search -f -| egrep -v -- '(lib32z1|liboss4-salsa-asound2|gcc|gcj|jdk|jre|dbg$)'| sort -u| sed "s/$/:i386/")

I expect the commands would be very similar for 14.x so hopefully this is of some use to others.


Brightness control increments brightness by 4 instead of 1

This problem (generally) doesn't arise if the slider in 'System Settings>Brightness and lock' is used.

This (generally) arises when the brightness control hotkeys are used because the acpi driver, intel driver and gnome power daemon (and possibly one more) all handle the hotkeys and pass them onto the next level -seems like stupid design really.

FIX 1:

An easy fix is to let the intel driver do the job and disable the rest as follows.

As root edit /etc/default/grub: sudo nano /etc/default/grub
Find the line containing GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= and add the options acpi_backlight=vendor acpi_osi=Linux. For example, change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor acpi_osi=Linux"
Save file by pressing Ctrl-O and then enter. Press Ctrl-X to exit.
Now, run sudo update-grub
Restart the computer. Now, brightness should increase in steps of one.

Note: If you do this you will loose the brightness slider and the OSD notification for brightness change (as they are handled by gnome). In my opinion, however, these are not important. You can undo these changes by again editing /etc/default/grub to what it was, then running sudo update-grub and restarting.

FIX 2:

Not so easy fix: Let gnome handle the brightness controls.

Refer to https://askubuntu.com/a/178003/111720. Stopping acpi driver from handling keys should work as it is given in that answer. But to take care of intel driver, you'll have to port the instructions for thinkpad_acpi module to intel (This may not even be possible).

FIX 3:

More info:

Actually 256 (0-255) levels of brightness are available. To check that it works for you try sudo setpci -s '00:02.0' F4.B=xx where xx is a hex number. digits are 0,1,...9,a,b,c,d,e,f. Example: sudo setpci -s '00:02.0' F4.B=2b sets brightness to 2*16 + 11(b is eleven) = 43. 00 corresponds to absolute zero brightness (if you end up doing this, just use the hotkeys to regain brightness).

I find this really useful when working in the dark or reading a book (The least brightness you can set with the slider is actually pretty high, and the jumps in brightness level are also larger - as you've already figured out the slider is not continuous).

I've written a python script (remappable to shortcuts) which uses this to control brightness (increase and decrease, not just set) complete with OSD notification. If you're interested let me know (It may have to be edited to work in different hardware, I've not tested it in anything other my ACER ONE D270. So I may need some additional info).


Turning off the backlight on the console

You should be able to use setterm to do this:

# turn power save on, blank after 10 mins, powerdown after 20mins
setterm -powersave on -blank 10 -powerdown 20


In terminal:

$ sudo df -H
/dev/sdb1  1.0T  155G  846G  16% /media/F1FD-B614

This is my 1tb second internal hard drive. It is located at /media/F1FD-B614.

Note that it's boot location is /dev/sdb1.

$ sudo blkid
/dev/sdb1: UUID="F1FD-B614" TYPE="vfat"

I find my boot location in the list. Now I have my UUID and my type info.

$ cd /etc
$ sudo gedit fstab

Now go to the bottom of fstab and enter the following lines. The first is just a
comment to remind you what the entries are. The second is an example of what you would get using values from the procedure above. You will undoubtedly get different values for UUID and mount locations, and perhaps also the boot location. Don't use the sample values. Use the values you get from your own terminal session. I had to go through about 10 different web sites to consolidate this information so nobody really gets the credit.

Here are the lines to add in fstab:

#UUID= 'uuid from blkid' 'location from sudo df -H' 'type from blkid'  defaults 0 2
UUID=F1FD-B614 /media/F1FD-B614 vfat    defaults    0   2

Save the file and reboot the system. It worked fine for me. When you get it working with its original location in the /media directory, you may be able to change its mount location, but what's the point- it already works.

UPDATE: I found that the above method has a problem in that 'Create new folder' and other options are greyed out. The reason for this is because the method creates a mount that only has root permissions. To fix this do the following in terminal:

$ id -u
1000

$ id -g
1000

$ cd /etc
$ gksudo gedit fstab

The first two commands give you your user id and group id respectively. The values must be added to the options field of the fstab entry for the drive to be auto-mounted. In fstab I modified my entry as follows:

UUID=F1FD-B614 /media/F1FD-B614 vfat defaults,umask=007,uid=1000,gid=1000    0    2

Apparently I had to use this tecnique because my second drive is formatted as fat32 (vfat). Apparently NTFS would have the same issue. For a more detailed explanation see this link:
Change owner of internal hard drive partition from root to user


I did consider running virtualbox and saving workspaces as virtual machines

That is the way to do it if you want it working consistently across different desktops: hibernation in a virtual container. This will store anything in memory.

The "save session" got removed from most systems as it was considered a security breach: a "save session" could be used by another user on the same system to view the contents of that session.