How Can I Connect My Ubuntu 16.04 to Netgear AC1200 Router (model r6220)

After googling around and trying things for a couple hours, these steps worked for me.  I had to connect to my phone as a hotspot to prove it because it doesn't work when connected to the same wifi hotspot as the router that is running the vpn server.  Hope this helps someone.

# install these packages in ubuntu terminal
sudo apt-get install openvpn
sudo apt-get install network-manager-openvpn
sudo apt-get install network-manager-openvpn-gnome

# download the client files from the router as
# a zip file and extract them to my Downloads directory

# open network > edit connections > add >
# import a saved vpn configuration > select the client.conf file
# that was extracted in the Downloads directory

# edit the vpn connection and set the gateway port to :12973
# (same as is configured in the router's vpn settings)

# change type to TLS
# select client.crt that was extracted in the Downloads dir
for user certificate
# select ca.crt that was extracted in the Downloads dir for ca certificate
# select client.key that was extracted in the Downloads dir for private key

# click Advanced
# change custom gateway port to 12973
# change virtual device type to TUN
# check the checkbox to accept authenticated packets from any address


I am assuming the audtool --current-song-tuple-data file-path command returns a string which starts with ~. You have to expand this string so that the ~ character will be replaced with your home folder. One method is this:

file_path=$(eval echo $file_path)

Please, insert the above statement just after the line running audtool ....

Also, delete line 5

${file-path}="$HOME"${file_path:1}

it is of no use. Replace file-path with file_path in the cd statement.


Remove blank lines in CSV file with GEANY

If you insist to perform it inside geany editor - You can use geany lineoperations plugin which add the Remove Empty Lines feature to geany

A simpler way might be - to treat the file as a regular text file, and remove the empty lines using command-line tools (e.g. sed)

Here You can see several examples how to remove empty line from a text file.

Using sed:

sed '/^$/d' <input-file>

To delete all empty lines from a file called /tmp/data.txt, enter:

sed '/^$/d' /tmp/data.txt

To store output to another file use redirection operator:

sed '/^$/d' /tmp/data.txt > /tmp/output.txt

  Note: Using sed to remove empty lines shouldn't change anything with the non-empty lines in file

  Note: In order to modify the file in place you should use sed -i flag:

sed -i '/^$/d' <input-file>

Example:

The original text file:

$ cat in.txt
This is a test

Linux rulez

Windows sucks
Ubuntu is good server disro

sed output when running on the file:

$ sed  '/^$/d' in.txt
This is a test
Linux rulez
Windows sucks
Ubuntu is good server disro


NetworkManager and /etc/network/interfaces defined virtual interface simultaneously

Ok, if you have one nic you can add virtual interfaces on this way

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
   address 192.168.1.57
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   gateway 192.168.1.1
   up ip addr add 192.168.0.57/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
   down ip addr del 192.168.0.57/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1

I use 192.168.1.0/24 net range for eth0 and 192.168.0.0/24 for eht0:1. Change based on your need.

You must edit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

This will open the NetworkManager.conf file in our text editor.

Now change:

managed=false

to

managed=true

After changes reload network service

sudo service networking restart

Or if this did not work, try

sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup eth0

Edit 1

tray to add only

iface eth0:0 inet dhcp

in /etc/network/interfaces


How do I always show (or autohide) menu items in Unity?

16.04 and later (Unity 7)
In addition to the gsettings option introduced in 15.04 (below), this same capability has been added to the Settings - Appearances window (click the gear icon top-right of the screen)

14.04, 15.04, 15.10
15.04 now has the ability to toggle the global menu as well as the local integrated menus (Via System Settings - Appearance - Behaviour tab) to be permanently on or off.
If you are running a fully up-to-date version of 14.04, this same ability has been backported.
To switch on permanently:
gsettings set com.canonical.Unity always-show-menus true

To switch off i.e. to autohide:
gsettings set com.canonical.Unity always-show-menus false


If you copied one drive to another using dd, the partition table is copied from one drive to another as-is, so all your partitions are of exactly the same size as they were on the old drive. The rest of your new drive is unallocated space.

You need to boot from Ubuntu LiveCD/USB and use gparted to resize the partition(s).

Here's an example how unallocated space looks in gparted:

The above is true if you dd'ed the whole device to another, something like dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb. In case you created partitions on the target drive first and then copied a partition from one drive to another (something like dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1), then the partition table on the target drive is correct (i.e. it has one partition which is ~500Gb), however, the filesystem on that partition is of the same size it was on the source drive.

To resize an ext4 partition you need to use resize2fs command.

   resize2fs [ -fFpPM ] [ -d debug-flags ] [ -S RAID-stride ] device [ size ]

   The resize2fs program will resize ext2, ext3, or ext4 file systems.  It can be used to enlarge or shrink an
   unmounted file system located on device.  If the filesystem is mounted, it can be used to expand  the  size
   of  the  mounted filesystem, assuming the kernel supports on-line resizing.  (As of this writing, the Linux
   2.6 kernel supports on-line resize for filesystems mounted using ext3 and ext4.).

   The size parameter specifies the requested new size of the filesystem.  If  no  units  are  specified,  the
   units  of  the  size  parameter  shall be the filesystem blocksize of the filesystem.  Optionally, the size
   parameter may be suffixed by one of the following the units designators: 's', 'K', 'M',  or  'G',  for  512
   byte  sectors,  kilobytes,  megabytes, or gigabytes, respectively.  The size of the filesystem may never be
   larger than the size of the partition.  If size parameter is not specified, it will default to the size  of
   the partition.

See man resize2fs for more details.


Ubuntu 16.10 Yakketty won't update. Can I fix it, or should I get 16.04, or 17.10?

your problem is, as @Organic Marble said, that yakkety (16.10) is an "end-of-life" release.
For your problem to be fixed, you need to upgrade to another "end-of-life" release, which is zesty (17.04). And then, you have to upgrade from the latter to artful (17.10).

My answer is inspired by that reference.
In which, @kap gives us the way to do, in a quick way, due to the fact that his question has been marked as duplicate. There, I also want to thank @Sidepipe - read his answer and comment -.

I tested it twice in a virtual machine - with virtualbox -, and it worked.
I, then, applied it with my main machine, and it has also been successful.
I have to say that, this way out won't fix your "broken ppa". You'll have to find the right ppa for the artful release.

I won't explain everything. I'm sure you'll find answers by yourself, on StackExchange or elsewhere on the web.

Everything has to be done as root or via sudo.
To check your release:$ lsb_release -a or $ cat /etc/os-release

There we go, we have to parts.

I) Upgrade from "end-of-life" yakkety (16.10) to "end-of-life" zesty (17.04)

Fix /etc/apt/sources.list.d

# update-manager - uncheck every ppa

Download zesty.tar.gz
Verify package authenticity - gpg files at same url
Extract archive - and modify the following files

# vi ./DistUgradeController.py"

Change every "archive.ubuntu.com" ==> "old-releases.ubuntu.com"
Change every "security.ubuntu.com" ==> "old-releases.ubuntu.com"

# vi ./mirrors.cfg

Append "ubuntu/" to every "old-releases.ubuntu.com/"

/etc/apt/sources.list

Change every "fr.archive.ubuntu.com" ==> "old-releases.ubuntu.com"
Change every "security.ubuntu.com" ==> "old-releases.ubuntu.com"

# apt-get update
# apt-get upgrade
# apt-get dist-upgrade
# ./zesty --mode=server --frontend=DistUpgradeViewText
# reboot
# apt-get update - troubles, see next step -
Delete duplicate(s) in /etc/apt/sources.list
# apt-get update
# apt-get upgrade
# apt-get dist-upgrade
# apt-get autoremove
# apt-get autoclean
# reboot

II) Upgrade from "end-of-life" zesty (17.04) to artful (17.10)

# do-release-upgrade
# reboot
# apt-get update
# apt-get upgrade
# apt-get dist-upgrade
# apt-get autoremove
# apt-get autoclean
# reboot


How to make Alt+Tab return to same application window as last used (Unity)

Below a script that switches through application windows. It remembers the last used (= frontmost) window of all running applications, bypassing other windows of the same application.
The script is based on the same principle as the scripts here, but since the script only runs when a key combination is pressed, the last used window  (per application) needs to be stored and read outside the script(-'s memory).
How to use

The script uses wmctrl
  sudo apt-get install wmctrl

Copy the script below into an empty file, same it as alternative_switcher.py

Add it to a shortcut key combination: Choose: System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts" > "Custom Shortcuts".
Click the "+" and add the command:
  python3 /path/to/alternative_switcher.py

Use it as an alternative switcher with your key combination.

Note
The script switches among "normal" application windows, as defined as: "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL" in the output of the xprop -id <window_id> command. That means that dialogue windows will be excluded from the window list, as well as Idle windows for example, which have pid 0.
The script
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import os
import getpass

home = os.environ["HOME"]
lastdir = home+"/.config/alternative_switcher"; wlist = lastdir+"/"+"wlist.txt"

def get(command):
    return subprocess.check_output(["/bin/bash", "-c", command]).decode("utf-8")

def get_frontmost():
    cmd = "xprop -root"
    frontmost = [l for l in get(cmd).splitlines() if\
                 "ACTIVE_WINDOW(WINDOW)" in l][0].split()[-1]
    return frontmost[:2]+"0"+frontmost[2:]
# read last used windowlist
if not os.path.exists(lastdir):
    os.makedirs(lastdir)
try:
    with open(wlist) as src:
        windowlist = eval(src.read())
except (FileNotFoundError, SyntaxError):
    windowlist = []
# creating window list: id, application name
w_data = [l.split()[0:7] for l in get("wmctrl -lpG").splitlines()]
[windowlist.remove(w) for w in windowlist if not w[1] in [data[0] for data in w_data]]
windows = [[get("ps -u "+getpass.getuser()+" | grep "+w[2]).split()[-1], w[0]]
           for w in w_data if "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL" in get("xprop -id "+w[0])]
# get frontmost window + application
frontmost = [data for data in windows if data[1] == get_frontmost()][0]
[windowlist.remove(item) for item in windowlist if item[0] == frontmost[0]]
# add frontmost to  windowlist of last-used application windows
windowlist.insert(0, frontmost)
current_app = frontmost[0]
# determine next application
apps = sorted(set([w[0] for w in windows]))
next_app_i = apps.index(current_app)+1
if next_app_i == len(apps):
    next_app_i = 0
next_app = apps[next_app_i]
# find matching window to raise
try:
    next_w = [w[1] for w in windowlist if w[0] == next_app][0]
except IndexError:
    next_w = [w[1] for w in windows  if w[0] == next_app][0]
# write last- window list
with open(wlist, "wt") as out:
    out.write(str(windowlist))
# raise next window
cmd = "wmctrl -ia "+next_w
subprocess.Popen(["/bin/bash", "-c", cmd])


You should first boot in to Windows.

Start the Disk Management Tool.
Select your Windows disk and right click it.
Choose to shrink it.
The amount of space you shrink it, will be the available new free space.

Reboot your computer to Ubuntu.

Start GParted.
Resize your 30GB partition. Or format the free space as antoher ext4-partition.


Why is Share Button Unavailable in Ubuntu One?

Your file is already shared. I'm not sure why Stop Publishing or Copy Web Link are appearing disabled in that screen shot though. The Share… option there was only available for folders, not files.

Though the menu is appearing disabled, you may be able to click on Copy Web Link still. If so, it will put the URL for the file so you can give it to others, into your clipboard. You will be able to paste it into other applications. If you are unable to click on the menu item, then you are seeing an issue very similar to https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntuone-client-gnome/+bug/987506 .


Use

sudo software-properties-gtk

Enable "Source code" checkbox on tab "Ubuntu Software". Then run

sudo apt-get update

to get sources lists.


How to set right Alt to work as a Win(Super) key?

You can use xmodmap to remap any
key on the keyboard; in particular, you can remap the right Alt to
act as a Super/Win key.

Create a file named .Xmodmap in your home directory with the
following content:

! free up right-Alt for remapping
remove mod1 = Alt_R

! Right-Alt remapped to Super
clear mod4
keycode 108 = Super_R
add mod4 = Super_R

When you log out and then log in again, GNOME should ask you if you
want to load the .Xmodmap file; answer "yes" and you're ready to
go. (You will only asked once.)

Alternatively, you can load the .Xmodmap configuration from a
terminal at any time:

xmodmap .Xmodmap

There are a few things that can vary depending on the X server version and keyboard model. The following items could help you adapt the .Xmodmap file to your specific environment.

Check that your right Alt key is initially on mod1: Issue the command
xmodmap in a terminal window, and you should get an output like
this one:

xmodmap:  up to 3 keys per modifier, (keycodes in parentheses):

shift       Shift_L (0x32),  Shift_R (0x3e)
lock        Caps_Lock (0x9),  Caps_Lock (0x4e)
control     Control_L (0x25),  Control_R (0x69)
mod1        Alt_L (0x40),  Alt_R (0x6c),  Alt_L (0xcc)
mod2
mod3        Mode_switch (0xcb)
mod4        Super_L (0x85),  Super_R (0x86),  Super_L (0xce)
mod5

If the Alt_R tag does not appear in the mod1 line but on a
different one, adjust your .Xmodmap accordingly.
Check that your right Alt key is keycode 108: in a terminal window,
type the command xev, then focus
the small square window that popped up.  If you type the right
Alt key there, you should see lines appearing in the terminal
window.  Look for a stanza like this one:

KeyPress event, serial 25, synthetic NO, window 0x5000001,
    root 0xbd, subw 0x5000002, time 867397196, (53,48), root:(54,49),
    state 0x0, keycode 108 (keysym 0xffea, Alt_R), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

The number after the keycode word is the one you want in your
.Xmodmap file for remapping right Alt.


You should be able to go to settings --> mouse and touchpad then select your touchpad and take the check mark out of enable this device


Open system settings> sound> here you can opt to turn ON and OFF related to specific applications/ tasks.


What is the proper way to install Ubuntu 15.04 with LVM, LUKS, and manual partitioning?

I went through almost same steps, just to change to size of the default /boot partition. I gave up and modified the parameters of the default installer. If you are also only trying to have a separate /home partition, take a look at this: https://askubuntu.com/a/678074/313386.

You can change the default recipe to include a /home partition. Boot into the live CD and take a look at /lib/partman/recipes-amd64-efi/50home. After saving your changes, you can tick LVM and encryption options and select "Use the entire disk".


What does this "1" mean over the Chromium button in the Launcher?

I bet the 1 wasn't the only number showing up.

You most likely pressed the Super key (aka Windows key) while the launcher was visible.
The numbers are shortcuts. You can start the respective application by pressing Super and the number then.


How to Restore Session Menu to Unity Panel?

You can alter the settings related to indicator-session using dconf-editor. To install dconf-editor, search for dconf tool in the software center or run this command in the terminal:

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

In dconf-tools, you can configure the indicator-session as you wish.


Realtek WiFi Adapter Not Found after 19.10 upgrade

Welcome to AskUbuntu,

So, you could maybe install the driver rtl8821ce by following the procedure described here: https://easylinuxtipsproject.blogspot.com/p/realtek.html#ID10 and https://github.com/tomaspinho/rtl8821ce

Start by installing all packages required for the installation of the driver

sudo apt install bc module-assistant build-essential dkms

Then:
git clone https://github.com/tomaspinho/rtl8821ce.git

Move to the directory: cd rtl8821ce

And install the driver: sudo ./dkms-install.sh

Hope it will works for you.


debootstrap leaves installation without apt

My sin seems to have been bindmounting /dev, /proc and /sys into the chroot before running debootstrap. I can't be entirely sure since I also rebooted the machine at one point as I was unable to unmount the rbinds, but the debug output of debootstrap indicated that this was the problem.


screen saver no longer dims the display before shutting it down

With 12.10 there were numerous updates. One of those updates solved the problem and now the display dims as it did in all the versions up to 12.10


How do I get a Qualcomm Atheros Killer E2200 gigabit ethernet card working?

I got information from another source that kernel 3.10 had support for this networking card. So what I did was install the kernel using this guide

http://www.ubuntubuzz.com/2013/07/how-to-install-linux-kernel-3101-on.html

  First thing first, you have to download ALL deb files which are
  appropriate for your system architecture (32bit or 64bit), then put
  them in same folder for easy process.

Note: This answer is an updated version of the original post:

You need this one for sure:

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.11-rc7-saucy/linux-headers-3.11.0-031100rc7_3.11.0-031100rc7.201308252135_all.deb

And then depending on your architecture grab the next 2:

64bit:

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.11-rc7-saucy/linux-headers-3.11.0-031100rc7-generic_3.11.0-031100rc7.201308252135_amd64.deb
http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.11-rc7-saucy/linux-image-3.11.0-031100rc7-generic_3.11.0-031100rc7.201308252135_amd64.deb

32bit:

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.11-rc7-saucy/linux-headers-3.11.0-031100rc7-generic_3.11.0-031100rc7.201308252135_i386.deb
http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.11-rc7-saucy/linux-image-3.11.0-031100rc7-generic_3.11.0-031100rc7.201308252135_i386.deb

  Once downloaded, simply run the following command to install:

sudo dpkg -i linux*.deb

In case, you want to remove this version of Kernel, run this command:

 sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.11*

Very simple and the connection started working right away after update and restart. I haven't experienced any problems with the new kernel yet so as long as I don't I will stick with this solution. It seems though as the thread you linked to me described the same problem and I'm sure that would've fixed the problem as well.

For those of you who might want to follow the instructions in that thread, on the top of page 7 there is a post from someone who had made a patch for this issue (not sure exactly how it worked but I guess it was to simplify and reduce the manual hacking as described in the first post).

An infinite thank you to all of those who helped me!


How do I install python2.7 in order to play music in Rhythmbox?

Sounds similar to this question:

Which is solved here.

If that doesn't work, you could try:

sudo apt-get install python


If you wanna change the partition of the running system(?), Shut it down, and use a usb or livecd installer to do the changes.


This is because the buffer is not cleared when you print "\nHello world" and cleared when ultimately you remove the module.

To deliberately clear the buffer, instead print

Hello world\n

and similarly,

Good bye\n

Note the newline \n at the end of each printk statement.

Refer to this SO question to know why a newline is necessary:

Why does printf not flush after the call unless a newline is in the format string?


Boot using a live usb/cd of ubuntu.
Use boot-repair to fix the problem.

After booting with live usb/cd ,Run following command in terminal,

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Use Recomended Repair

More information can be found here- > https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


I have a ATI card and it get's really hot running Ubuntu with the normal open sourde ATI drivers. Installing the official drivers and set them to minimum the laptop runs normal.


Flash plugin or additional plugins in Firefox

You should install flash-plugin via Ubuntu Software Center via repositories. Te best way to do this is by installing package "ubuntu-restricted-extras" which includes many useful codecs and plugings like flash and java.


Go to settings in the virtualbox
Then Go to Display
The change the Graphic controller to VBOX VGA.

Ubuntu will start working


The command to make these observations is iostat
and is contained in the package sysstat. Install it [ for systems that don't have it ] with:

sudo apt-get -y install sysstat

It can be used accordingly:

$ iostat

Linux 4.4.0-64-generic (george-HP-Pavilion-17-Notebook-PC)  04/03/2017  _x86_64_    (4 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           4.56    0.02    2.17    1.67    0.00   91.59

Device:            tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn
loop0             0.00         0.02         0.00       1093          0
loop1             0.04         0.04         0.00       1799          0
loop2             0.18         0.20         0.00       9607          0
loop3             0.00         0.02         0.00       1079          0
loop4             0.00         0.00         0.00        108          0
sda               7.70        87.28       178.21    4194476    8564449
scd1              0.00         0.00         0.00        166          0

Capture in megabytes:

$ iostat -m

Linux 4.4.0-64-generic (george-HP-Pavilion-17-Notebook-PC)  04/03/2017  _x86_64_    (4 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           4.56    0.02    2.17    1.67    0.00   91.59

Device:            tps    MB_read/s    MB_wrtn/s    MB_read    MB_wrtn
loop0             0.00         0.00         0.00          1          0
loop1             0.04         0.00         0.00          1          0
loop2             0.18         0.00         0.00          9          0
loop3             0.00         0.00         0.00          1          0
loop4             0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
sda               7.69         0.09         0.17       4096       8370
scd1              0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0

Extend report with -x parameter:

$ iostat -x

Linux 4.4.0-64-generic (george-HP-Pavilion-17-Notebook-PC)  04/03/2017  _x86_64_    (4 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           4.56    0.02    2.17    1.67    0.00   91.59

Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s     r/s     w/s    rkB/s    wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await r_await w_await  svctm  %util
loop0             0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00     0.02     0.00    28.76     0.00   53.89   53.89    0.00  28.74   0.00
loop1             0.00     0.00    0.04    0.00     0.04     0.00     2.09     0.00   76.24   76.24    0.00   3.18   0.01
loop2             0.00     0.00    0.18    0.00     0.20     0.00     2.23     0.00   20.97   20.97    0.00   1.22   0.02
loop3             0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00     0.02     0.00    25.69     0.00   47.00   47.00    0.00  32.43   0.01
loop4             0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00     0.00     0.00     6.55     0.00   42.30   42.30    0.00  28.97   0.00
sda               0.36     7.68    3.05    4.64    87.12   178.06    68.95     0.29   37.84   35.88   39.14   4.88   3.75
scd1              0.00     0.00    0.00    0.00     0.00     0.00     9.49     0.00   11.20   11.20    0.00  10.17   0.00

Add delay to result ouput. This will produce 3 reports with 2 seconds interval:

$ iostat -k 2 3

Linux 4.4.0-64-generic (george-HP-Pavilion-17-Notebook-PC)  04/03/2017  _x86_64_    (4 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           4.56    0.02    2.17    1.67    0.00   91.59

Device:            tps    MB_read/s    MB_wrtn/s    MB_read    MB_wrtn
loop0             0.00         0.00         0.00          1          0
loop1             0.04         0.00         0.00          1          0
loop2             0.18         0.00         0.00          9          0
loop3             0.00         0.00         0.00          1          0
loop4             0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
sda               7.69         0.09         0.17       4096       8375
scd1              0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           4.03    0.00    1.64    0.63    0.00   93.70

Device:            tps    MB_read/s    MB_wrtn/s    MB_read    MB_wrtn
loop0             0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
loop1             0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
loop2             0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
loop3             0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
loop4             0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
sda               1.50         0.00         0.01          0          0
scd1              0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           3.16    0.00    2.28    0.51    0.00   94.06

Device:            tps    MB_read/s    MB_wrtn/s    MB_read    MB_wrtn
loop0             0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
loop1             0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
loop2             0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
loop3             0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
loop4             0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
sda               0.50         0.00         0.00          0          0
scd1              0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0

Now to see it continuously with 2 seconds interval:

$ iostat 2

Here's how to read iostat reports

The first section contains CPU report

%user : show the percentage of CPU utilization that occured while executing at the user (application) level
%nice : show the percentage of CPU utilization that occured while executing at the user level with nice priority
%system : show the percentage of CPU utilization that occured while executing at the system (kernel) level
%iowait : show the percentage of the time that the CPU or CPUs were idle during whcih the system had an outstanding disk I/O request
%steal : show the percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by the virtual CPU or CPUs while the hypervisor was servicing another virtual processor
%idle : show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle and the system did not have an outstanding disk I/O request

The second section contains device utilization report

Device : device / partition name as listed in /dev directory
tps : show the number of transfers per second that were issued to the device. Higher tps means the processor is busier
Blk_read/s : show the amount of data read from the device expressed in a number of blocks (kilobytes, megabytes) per second
Blk_wrtn/s : show the amount of data written to the device expressed in a number of blocks (kilobytes, megabytes) per second
Blk_read : show the total number of blocks read
Blk_wrtn : show the total number of blocks written

For the second part of your question:

I/O schedulers are used to alter or optimize I/O operations on Linux and the various types includes:

CFQ [cfq] (Completely Fair Queuing) is an I/O scheduler for the Linux kernel and default under many Linux distributions.
Noop scheduler (noop) is the simplest I/O scheduler for the Linux kernel based upon FIFO queue concept.
Anticipatory scheduler (anticipatory) is an algorithm for scheduling hard disk input/output as well as old scheduler which is replaced by CFQ
Deadline scheduler (deadline) – it attempt to guarantee a start service time for a request.

To see your current disk scheduler:

sudo cat /sys/block/{DEVICE-NAME}/queue/scheduler

# where device name is [sda | sdb | ...]
# The one with the "[  ]" around it the one in use.

Each of these have their various pros and cons. To change to any of them they two methods:

At run time:

# echo scheduler_type_name > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler
# echo noop > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler

For persistence after reboot:

a. Edit vi /etc/default/grub, and

b. Add this line: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="elevator=noop"

c. Reboot

d. See here for the difference performances using a postgresql

Source:

https://blog.codeship.com/linux-io-scheduler-tuning/

https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-change-io-scheduler-for-harddisk/

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/48138/how-to-throttle-per-process-i-o-to-a-max-limit

http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-iostat-command/


Open terminal by hitting Ctrl+Alt+T and execute following command:

gedit ~/.bashrc

Now go to end of file and add the following lines:

export JAVA_HOME=/path/to/jdk/folder
#usually /usr/java/jdk or /usr/lib/java/jdk
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

Now in terminal type:

sudo source ~/.bashrc

This will make it appear on every terminal if open.

Now you can cross check it by typing following line in terminal

echo $PATH

It will show you path of your jdk at the end

For more information visit this link


The Ubuntu Developer Summit is the seminal Ubuntu event in which we define the focus and plans for our up-coming version of Ubuntu. The event pulls together Canonical engineers, community members, partners, ISVs, upstreams and more into an environment focused on discussion and planning.

Remote Participation

  We have always prided ourselves in
  making the Ubuntu Developer Summit
  accessible to those who cannot attend
  in person. Live streams, chat
  channels, microblogging and more
  all bring the UDS experience to
  everyone, no matter wherever they may
  be.


Apache can't access folders in my home directory

This worked for me

<Directory />
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes ExecCGI
    AllowOverride All
    Require all granted
    Allow from all
</Directory>

The important bit was to change

Order allow, deny

to

Require all granted


Can I use Ubuntu as a wireless media server which performs all decoding/processing server-side?

Although this is not a totally "pure" answer to your question (client still performs some processing), you seem to be describing a process called transcoding.

Transcoding involves the server playing a compressed file and sending a decompressed stream to the client. Thus the server does most of the heavy lifting because playing a pure, uncompressed WAV- or MPEG- like signal requires much less computation than would be necessary for a compressed original source such as MP3, Matroska with x264 compression, etc.

There's a few options for UPnP servers that support transcoding on Ubuntu. I like PS3 Media Server. From what I've read rygel looks pretty promising as well. MediaTomb and uShare are two other fairly popular UPnP servers, but I don't believe they transcode.

Hope this helps! I don't know how stringent your requirement is. If you need the client to do absolutely zero processing, this obviously won't work. But you may find this lightens the load enough for your purposes. Good luck.

PS: In the strictest sense izx is correct - the only way (of which I am aware) to perform this with absolutely zero processing at the recipient is as he describes. Pure AV signal just like you could put into a television.


I screwed up! Sound didn't work tried to fix... lost a large amount of my system settings

Basic system software packages like ubuntu-desktop, unity-control-center and unity-control-center-signon depend on the pulseaudio package. If you uninstall pulseaudio, those packages will be removed too, leaving your system pretty empty. To fix this, you could reinstall those packages using the package manager:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop unity-control-center unity-control-center-signon


Wiped data, and duplicated folders into files

You can delete all files ending with : with this command:

find -name *: | xargs rm

You should execute find -name *: first to check what will be removed.


Is it possible to use remote desktop from Windows 7 to Ubuntu?

The protocol that Windows desktop sharing uses is called RDP. There is an RDP server implementation for Linux called xrdp but development has fallen behind and the RDP client in Windows 7 won't talk to the older version of RDP that it uses.

So if you want to connect to xrdp from Windows 7 you have to copy the old RDP client (mstsc.exe and mstscax.dll) from a WinXP install to the Windows 7 box and run it independently. At that point you might as well just be using a VNC client instead, really. VNC servers for Linux are much better-supported.


The if statement should look this way if you want to check existence of exec.
if [ ! -f exec ]; then
    gcc -o exec file1.o file2.o
fi

./exec


Neither GRUB nor Windows after a Windows Update

From experience it seems windows updates are becoming more destructive nowadays. This is something that happens to many people and you can easily find information to resolve it. Try the following link:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows

Good luck!


How to use cver - verilog simulator on Ubuntu - 18.04.5 LTS

There are some bad news about this gplcver package. According to Debian package tracker it is orphaned since 2009.
In anyway you can start with its short man-page - locally by man cver or online or using its built-in help by cver -h.

In newer Ubuntu versions there is a special meta-package named electronics-fpga-dev, you can try its components on your Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. One of them is a package named verilator, it looks more mature.


In Asrock uefi (F11 when booting), go to "Advanced", then "Storage configuration", and switch the option "SATA IDE Combined Mode" to Disabled.

Don't forget to install a 64 bit version of ubuntu also.


How to activate script on laptop from smartphone?

Option 1: SSH + ngrok

I believe SSH server listening on 22 port comes by default on Ubuntu.
Install ngrok with sudo apt-get install ngrok-client
Sign up on ngrok.com to get an auth token (needed to use non-http protocols).
Let local ngrok know about your account echo 'auth_token: YOUR_AUTH_TOKEN' > ~/.ngrok
Run ngrok -proto=tcp 22

You will get something like

Tunnel Status                 online
Version                       1.6/1.6
Forwarding                    tcp://ngrok.com:52418 -> 127.0.0.1:22
Web Interface                 127.0.0.1:4040
# Conn                        0
Avg Conn Time                 0.00ms

ngrok.com:52418 is your local SSH server accessible from anywhere. By default port is given at random, but you can set it in config file. See docs for more info.

Test it with ssh ngrok.com -p 52418. You can connect to it from any SSH client from your smartphone (I'm using VX ConnectBot) and do everything you can do with command line on your local computer, like executing scripts :]

Option 2: Simple HTTP server + ngrok

For simplified example I will create two files in ~/test/:

test.sh, which will output current timestamp and append it to log.txt:

#! /bin/sh
date +%s
date +%s >> log.txt

server.py, which will wait for remote HTTP request and execute test.sh:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import http.server, os, subprocess

class HTTPRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):

        path = 'test.sh'

        # Make path absolute
        if path[0] != '/':
            path = os.getcwd() + '/' + path

        # If file exists, execute it and return output
        if os.path.isfile(path):
            if os.access(path, os.X_OK):
                p = subprocess.Popen(path, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
                stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
                content = stdout.decode('UTF-8')
            else:
                content = path + ' is not executable'

            self.send_response(200)
            self.send_header('Content-type', 'text/html')
            self.end_headers()
            self.wfile.write(content.encode('UTF-8'))

        else:
            self.send_header('Content-type', 'text/html')
            self.send_response(404, 'File Not Found')
            self.end_headers()

PORT = 8000
handler_class = HTTPRequestHandler
httpd = http.server.HTTPServer(('', PORT), handler_class)

print('Listening at port', PORT)

try:
    httpd.serve_forever()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    pass

httpd.server_close()
print('Server stopped')

Now we can make server.py executable, run it, then open http://127.0.0.1:8000 in a browser and see that script actually worked — it will output current timestamp in our browser window + append it to ~/test/log.txt.

But 127.0.0.1 is just localhost, and we want to reach our server from internet. That's where ngrok comes in. Install it with sudo apt-get install ngrok-client and execute ngrok 8000, it will give you something like:

Tunnel Status                 online
Version                       1.6/1.6
Forwarding                    http://a1b2c3d4.ngrok.com -> 127.0.0.1:8000
Forwarding                    https://a1b2c3d4.ngrok.com -> 127.0.0.1:8000
Web Interface                 127.0.0.1:4040
# Conn                        0
Avg Conn Time                 0.00ms

That https://a1b2c3d4.ngrok.com is public address (i.e. accessible from internet) which will be actually served by your local server (which will execute your script, as you remember :)). By default subdomain name is given at random, but you can set it in config file. See docs for more info.

You can run both your server and ngrok in background, but that is another story :]

Option 3: TeamViewer (or VNC + ngrok)

You can even have full graphic remote control with TeamViewer host on your laptop and TeamViewer client app on your smartphone. Easy, but could be too traffic consuming for mobile use.

Instead of TeamViewer, you could probably use VNC server + ngrok on your laptop and VNC client on your smartphone.


Display remains in sleep/suspend mode but machine is not in sleep mode

it has something to do with your OS because the monitor doesn't have it's own time to start up, or your computer is slow on reappearing, so just check these things. by the way the monitor does take a while to reappear by not after about 5 minutes, it's the OS your running or the monitor itself.


It's the numerical value of the UID rather than a specific group membership that determines whether a user account shows up in the Users & Groups dialog. I believe the threshold is UID >= 1000 but I have not verified this exhaustively.

To change a user's UID, you can use usermod ex.

sudo usermod -u 1005 jenkins

You will need to choose a suitable unique UID > 1000 based on the current user accounts on your system. Note that you may need to manually chown some files to make their ownership reflect the new UID, as explained in man usermod:

       The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are
       located in the user's home directory will have the file user ID
       changed automatically.

       The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be
       fixed manually.

You may wish to change the GID as well, to be consistent with the Debian 'User Private Group' paradigm.


How to send only data (ignore receiving) with nc command (equivalent to --send-only option on redhat)?

As @muru said in the comment, the ncat software from the nmap has the option that you are searching for (--send-only).

Anyway, echo "TEST" | nc localhost 1234 > /dev/null will have the same effect, since you have no way to tell the remote machine you don't want it's data.


Disabling the grub recovery mode programatically

sed -i "s,#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY,GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY,g" /etc/default/grub


launching apps that aren't showing up in the app finder (Xubuntu on VM)

Based on the content of your question, I'm assuming your intent is to customize xfce. There are a number of good sources for this information. If I'm wrong, please downvote and comment to give me an idea where I went wrong and what I can do to help!

There's a nice answer regarding custom Ubuntu XFCE themes heer at What kind of themes can I use on Xfce?

If your looking for more eyecandy for xfce look here

If your looking for more basic customization look on this page or this one

Conversely, if you find this info helpful please accept/upvote


pCloud indicator doesn't show up in Vanilla GNOME but exists in Ubuntu's customized session [18.10]

The pCloud app indicator is a "legacy tray icon" which is not the same as an app indicator supported by GNOME. Thankfully, there is a GNOME extension "Top Icons Plus" which allows you to put these icons back in the top panel.

From the project's Github readme:

  Many applications, such as chat clients, downloaders, and some media players, are meant to run long-term in the background even after you close their window. These applications remain accessible by adding an icon to the GNOME Shell Legacy Tray. However, the Legacy Tray is hidden until you push your mouse into the lower-left of the screen and click on the small tab that appears. TopIcons Plus brings all icons back to the top panel, so that it's easier to keep track of apps running in the backround.

So, here's how you can get your pCloud tray icon back in vanilla GNOME on Ubuntu 18.04* (for now)

Stop the pcloud application if it's running.
Open the following link for Gnome extension -> https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1031/topicons/
Turn on and install the extension -> https://my.pcloud.com/publink/show?code=XZltdV7ZxR4rjGkKFmzCfMBR5deEiVRFhcu7
Start the pCloud Drive application and you should see the tray icon -> https://my.pcloud.com/publink/show?code=XZ76dV7ZBLFP2JmV6FuVDShH1zHnV0vHLUc7

*CAVEAT: Top Icons Plus extension is no longer actively maintained. There's a discussion of the reasons here: https://forum.manjaro.org/t/topicons-plus-wont-work-on-gnome-3-26-replace-with-an-alternative-extension/31762/9
As of now 10/26/2018, it still works for me on Ubuntu 18.04.1, GNOME 3.28.2 (vanilla GNOME on Xorg session).


pkill command with sessionid is not killing entire process tree

A process' children need not necessarily share its session ID. If that were the case, every process would have session ID 1. You can also try using process group IDs, but that too has the same limitation.

Walking through the process tree has the limitation that double-forked processes aren't part of the tree anymore, but might be your best bet. Examples of this method:

https://stackoverflow.com/a/13481601/2072269
https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/124148/70524


How do I add a binary file to my existing PPA package

What I did:

apt-get source rhythmbox-plugin-llyrics
cd rhythmbox-plugin-llyrics-0.1/
echo '#Junk commit' >> llyrics/ChartlyricsParser.py
sed -i 's/Maintainer: fossfreedom <somewhere@xmail.com>/Maintainer: Andrew King (No comment) <newplace@ymail.com>/g' debian/control
sed -i 's/fossfreedom <somewhere@xmail.com>/Andrew King (No comment) <newplace@ymail.com>/g' debian/changelog
dpkg-source --commit

debuild -S -sa
mkdir debian/icons
cp ~/Pictures/awesome-cat.jpg ./debian/icons/
echo 'debian/icons/awesome-cat.jpg' > debian/source/include-binaries
cd ..
dpkg-source --include-binaries -b rhythmbox-plugin-llyrics-0.1
cd -
debuild -S

echo '#Junk commit' >> llyrics/ChartlyricsParser.py
dpkg-source --commit

#so now it's still allowing commits and in the deb-src...add it to install
echo 'debian/icons/* /usr/share/icons/hicolor/' >> debian/install
echo '' >> debian/install
debuild -S

#note that you should have the proper subfolders here e.g. 32x32/myicon.png or whatever
#also note that per packaging guidelines it should be one entry per file, not a wildcard

Confirmed that it correctly pushes and builds on Launchpad
fossfreedom


How to prevent Ubuntu from upgrading during boot?

You are probably talking about unattended-upgrades.  Unattended Upgrades makes sure that your system is up-to-date with security patches and other essential updates like critical bugfixes.  It does not automatically update all of your software.
You can remove this package with:
sudo apt update
sudo apt remove unattended-upgrades

You will still need to update your system regularly, but you will need to do so manually.


How do I get a Lexmark X2600 printer working?

After installing the driver, do this:

sudo modprobe usblp
sudo chown -Rh root:root /usr/local/lexmark
sudo chown -Rh root:root /usr/lib/cups
/etc/init.d/cups restart

gedit /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.cupsd

Find:

# FIXME: no policy ATM for hplip and Brother drivers
/usr/bin/hpijs Ux,
/usr/Brother/** Ux,

Copy and Past after this:

/usr/local/lexmark/lxk08/bin/printdriver Ux,
/usr/lib/cups/backend/lxkusb Ux,
/usr/local/lexmark/lxk08/bin/lxkusb Ux,

Save the file

/etc/init.d/apparmor restart


Sound recorder not responding, Ubuntu 12.10

I was having this problem too. While looking for alternatives I ran into audio-recorder (https://launchpad.net/~osmoma/+archive/audio-recorder) and when I installed it, I noticed that it also installed several gstreamer related libraries (which I remember having previouly but probably were uninstalled during my upgrade to 12.10).

So, out of curiosity I tried the sound recorder again after the gstreamer libraries were installed, and what do you know, it was working fine now.

So, short answer is: It looks like the problem is that you are missing some gstreamer libraries.

This is the list of extra packages that was installed by audio-recorder (and which fixed my problem):
gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio gstreamer1.0-x libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libgstreamer1.0-0

So, although I can't be sure which of them actually fixed sound recorder, I am sure it was one of them. :).


LibreOffice Writer - Load file from command line (CLI) and save it

You can use the libreoffice CLI tool, it has a --convert-to option to convert files which can be used to convert to the same format as you want. If you use this without specifying an output directory it overwrites the original file though, and you can’t give it a different output filename. Work around that by converting the file to /tmp/ first and move it back afterwards:

libreoffice --convert-to docx --outdir /tmp/ NAME.DOCX && mv /tmp/NAME.DOCX ./NEWNAME.DOCX

You just need to change the bold all-caps parts, NAME.DOCX to your input filename and NEWNAME.DOCX to the desired output filename.

On the bash command line, you can shorten this to:

libreoffice --convert-to docx --outdir /tmp/ NAME.DOCX && mv !#:4!#:5 ./NEWNAME.!#:2

This uses bash History Expansion so that you don’t have to enter paths and filenames multiple times – you just need to change NAME.DOCX to your input filename and NEWNAME to the desired output filename without the extension.


Ubuntu 14.04 how to enable numlock for login screen

Here is a very nice and easy to follow guide - with commands listed.

http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2014/06/turn-on-numlock-ubuntu-14-04/


How do I uninstall Kubuntu and install Ubuntu?

You can install on top of the Kubuntu installation without any preparation. Simply insert the disk, boot it, and when asked to partition, select "Replace existing Linux installations" or similar. It works like a charm.


How to delete lubuntu from Windows 10 Dual Boot [Cannot see lubuntu partition]

2 Ways:

You boot from a live cd/usb, on your desk you search the programm gparted and open it, you should see something like this:
here you see many partitions I don't know how you setup your Lubuntu, but in most cases it is enough to delete the ext4 partition and the linux-swap. After that you can resize to maximum your Windows(NTFS) partiton.

Image source: https://superuser.com/questions/1474987/how-do-i-fix-the-partitions-and-dual-boot-with-windows-10-ubuntu-19-04

in your windows you should have a partition manager, there you delete all partitions who aren't needed. This way may unnecessary complicated.

In your explorer Linux aren't showed because of the missing ext driver. You could say Windows won't support Linux.


Install Gnome3 (gnome-shell) on Kubuntu problem

Gnome-Shell and Unity requires a more stricter conformation to newer graphical standards than Kubuntu/Xubuntu/Lubuntu.

First I would confirm that you have the ability to run Unity - Gnome-shell has similar requirements to Unity. See the linked question below.

If you have "no" as any answers or a "segmentation fault" - then you need to have a much closer look to what graphics card you have and what drivers you are using.

For example:

If you are using ATI graphics then check you are using ATI proprietary graphics.  If your card is to old for these drivers, you probably will not be able to run Gnome-Shell/Unity 3D.
If you are using NVIDIA you have two choices - use the proprietary drivers or the experimental 3d open-source drivers.
If using Intel - ensure they are fairly modern (last 5 years).
If using Intel/Nvidia hybrid graphics then ensure that you have looked into Ironhide/Bumblebee as per the linked question
Any other graphics card - most probably you will not be able to...

Attempting to use Gnome-Shell without the graphics driver prerequisites - gnome-shell will not be displayed and you will "fallback" to gnome-classic.

Linked Question:

How do I tell if Ubuntu supports hardware-accelerated graphics on my laptop?
How to switch between hybrid Graphics Intel/nVidia?


What is post-install equivalent in snap packages?

There is no post* script on purpose (to ensure that you have transactional updates).

Some hooks system though would be released very soon in snapd itself to enable you achieving this. It's not available yet at this date though, but you can use $SNAP_DATA file flag to make your daemon wait until the user file up the configuration (via another command from the same snap for instance).


Check quality of your audio file in a separate audio player such as Vlc whether it contains any segments that cannot be clearly played. Does the issue occur at the beginning of the recording that could suggest there are some issues with the file format, or at a later stage, which could suggest that there are some corrupted segments in the audio recording. You can also consider to try another dedicated software for audio transcription such as Transcribear a free web based editor for manual audio transcription. It uses media player that is build in within user's web browser.


As I said in my comment history -c just deletes the history of the current session, i.e. only the commands your script ran. To clear all data including old sessions you'll have to do something like

rm -f $HOME/.bash_history


No idea why this happens but whenever I've used certain 'brand' routers with OS X or Ubuntu, they'll silently drop connection for no reason. Or let the machine connect but refuse to give you any internet access. Try unplgging the router for about 5 minutes and then plugging it back in. Should fix it.


Is there a way to create a shortcut to Proxy preferences in the Launcher?

Well, it doesn't automatically go to the tab for proxy settings, but it does bring you straight to the network settings: gnome-control-center network.

To create a launcher for it paste this into gedit:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Network Settings
Exec=gnome-control-center network
Icon=/usr/share/app-install/icons/gtk-network.png
Terminal=false
Categories=System;
StartupNotify=false

Save it somewhere as network-settings.desktop, and drag the file onto the Unity Launcher. Be sure to save the network-settings.desktop file somewhere it doesn't annoy you, because when you remove it it will disappear from the Unity Launcher as well.


Use

xdg-open path/to/file.desktop

The first line in the file is the application that runs that file.

If this does not work, try this (adopted from Running a .desktop file in the terminal):

xdg-open `grep '^URL' path/to/file.desktop | tail -1 | sed 's/^URL=//' | sed 's/%.//'` &


How to make new tab open a blank page in firefox?

On your new tab in Firefox, you see that button in the top right corner?  Looks like a grid?  Click it.

This is a new feature in Firefox and has nothing to do with any Ubuntu addons.


The ia32-libs package was a hack to get 32-bit packages installed on a 64-bit installation. Since Ubuntu version 11.10 (Oneiric), Multi Arch has been added. One of the objectives for it is removing the ia32-libs package. Instead, you have to install the 32-bit libraries of a package with:

sudo apt-get install package-name:i386

You don't have to worry about this for packages in the standard repositories (e.g. the wine package). For external software, it's a bit more difficult because you have to find the dependencies manually. In that case, use your favorite search engine to find which libraries you need.

It seems that ia32-libs still exist, but merely as a convenience package to include common 32-bit libraries. This package now uses Multi Arch to install the 32-bit packages correctly.


Use the 17.30 version with kernel 4.12.0-041200-generic


How can I use my webcam with Ubuntu running in VirtualBox?

This is possible, but requires a few steps to get working properly:

Make sure the virtual machine is not running and your webcam is not being used.
Bring up the main VBox window and in the details tab for your Win7 machine click USB.
Make sure "Enable USB Controller" is selected. Also make sure that "Enable USB 2.0 (EHCI) Controller" is selected too.
Click the "Add filter from device" button (the cable with the '+' icon).
Select your device from the list.
Now click OK and start your VM.

This will cause the device to show up as if it were plugged into the VM. From there, you should be able to use it or install drivers if necessary.


How can I configure the touchpad and keyboard settings on a Dell Inspiron 5110?

This is only a partial answer to address the touch-pad issue:

Per Dell Forum

http://en.community.dell.com/support-forums/software-os/f/3525/t/19405246.aspx

download the touch-pad driver

http://people.canonical.com/~sforshee/alps-touchpad/psmouse-alps-0.10/psmouse-alps-dkms_0.10_all.deb

source


How to update package manager to get package available in 12.04 on 11.10?

You can easily download a single .deb package from any series. In your case the steps will be:

Go to http://packages.ubuntu.com
Search for package libmongodb in precise
Select appropriate result.
In section Download libmongodb-perl click on the desired architecture.
Choose mirror (or click on any of them). The download will start.
Install the downloaded .deb file. Either:

open it with Ubuntu Software Center, or
use sudo dpkg -i file.deb

Similar procedure works for any package you want. Good luck!


Personalize my-weather-indicator notify-send messages

You could edit your local installed version...

Assuming you have the indicator installed in the default location /opt/extras.ubuntu.com/my-weather-indicator, edit share/my-weather-indicator/myweatherindicator.py and look for calls involving the variables self.notification and self.notification2 and customise the text as desired.


Setting folder permission so it isn't deletable, but everything else is allowed

As far as I can tell, the answer to your question is that this is not possible, at least not in the way you want it to work. However, let us dive into that problem and consider several issues.

First of all, notice that if you have at least one file in the directory, it will not be possible to remove it from the command line using the rmdir command. So that's something already.

Secondly, the permissions to rename the folder are not given by the permissions of the folder itself, but of the folders that contains it.


What’s happening? Unresponsive Ubuntu after interference pattern

This question is off-topic because the problem is entirely hardware, a failure of the graphics card likely due to overheating.

memTest is the only way to get back on track. It seems to repair the damage piece by piece. But the problem is more stubborn. It comes back over and over again. And if it isn’t the memory’s fault, where can the problem reside? Hard disk? MBR? Grub?

Memtest has absolutely nothing to do with it. And the problem is absolutely not related with HDD.
Here's what happens: The defective graphics card overheats and start generating the artifacts shown in the question, a very typical symptom. The next thing you do is run the memory test which does just that, test the RAM. CPU, graphics, drives, etc. barely function during the whole test. The test itself, albeit showing a graphical interface, is extremely low demanding on graphical and computational resources - it's not much more than what late 1980's computers like ZX Spectrum or Commodore 64 were capable of already - therefore the whole system and the graphics card particularly cools down thus giving the impression that it "repairs the damage piece by piece".

So I have to check the place where the graphics are produced? I thought for Laptops it would be borrowed from RAM.

Laptops aren't different than desktops. They have the same basic components, same sub-systems, etc. but in some cases those components are specifically designed for "mobile" (smaller, quieter, more energy efficient, ...).
Any modern computer either has a (discrete) graphics card or an (integrated) graphics chip. The latter used to reside in the motherboard's chipset but now the more common types are the ones embedded in the CPU itself as just another CPU's layer. Any can fail and yours failed, badly. A cursory search for your laptop's model suggests it has some old AMD dGPU.
In conclusion, your laptop needs repairs. Please take it to a professional service for assessment. The bad news: It's probably not worth it. This model is being sold used for as little as 170USD. The repair itself may cost more than that, not including parts.


Ubuntu oracle jdk issues when trying to install disutils for Cython

Hello,

It has nothing to do with python3-pip, it has however something to do with the new Java 11 version. Please follow the following steps (as in the other post where you posted this link) and update the Java first:

I've had the same issue.

When you try to run sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade it will automatically try to update the Java if a newer version is available. In my case let's say from 11.0.4 -> 11.0.5.

If you add the JDK from Oracle (after download) to /var/cache/oracle-jdk11-installer-local/ it should work.

You don't have to uninstall it...(I mean the oracle-jdk11-installer-local, it works just fine).

Please let me know if you still have this issue.


Unmanaged devices Ubuntu 18.04 with installed openbox

The root of your problem is the netplan network management. In order to fix that switch into ifupdown by typing the following commands:

sudo systemctl stop networkd-dispatcher
sudo systemctl disable networkd-dispatcher
sudo systemctl mask networkd-dispatcher
sudo apt-get purge nplan netplan.io
sudo apt-get install ifupdown

And make them managed by following the answers seen in the following questions:

Ethernet device not managed
network manager says "device not managed"


unexpected EOF on the last and next to last line while creating alias

The syntax highlighting that Stack Exchange offers is enough to see what's wrong. It's this line:

alias perms='stat -c '%a - %n'

The quote isn't closed. Try:

alias perms='stat -c "%a - %n"'


Can Ubuntu One work with Mac Time Machine?

Apple's Time Machine does not support Ubuntu One, and as far as I know there is no Ubuntu One client for OS X at all.

Time Machine only backs up to HFS+-formatted disks connected directly to the machine or via AFP.


Low resolution mode only after resume followed by login loop in Ubuntu GNOME 16.04.3

Question is confusing, but it looks to me like you have good plan. I agree you should make partitions. However, appears to me that the grub installer did not get it right. An expert might be able to correct this, for a beginner almost impossible you can repair your grub. If I were you, I would re run Ubuntu install from scratch. Let it rewrite everything.  When you get to last part about configuring boot loader, you can have it set up windows as an OS. As you note, the grub loader needs to be in a bootable drive.

I wouldn't bother with linux rescue approach until the system boots correctly once.  You need start over and create something worth rescuing.  I might mark the windows partition unbootable while testing this. But installing grub boot loader correctly will probably solve problem.

Your comments about "fixes" during boot raise concern. If you do Linux install, then change bios drive order, you will be in trouble because the Linux system does not find the drives in the places it expects. I would avoid doing tricks like that until you have more experience.

I had a lot of trouble on Dell laptops with Ubuntu 16.04. I am not convinced you benefit from it.

About poor display in rescue mode: that is supposed to be. Rescue mode is a command line to fix settings, not a working desktop.

The Nvidia card you have will not be supported by base drivers, you will need to Google on that problem.

Does your Ubuntu media offer a "live session"? You should try that, see if you like Gnome. Also, it is going to help see if your video works at all with free drivers. On my Dell systems, 16.04 caused a lot of 'black screens' that would not wake up. Problems have almost all disappeared in 17.04

Also possible the SSID drive support is better in newer OS.


Hmm... It seems to be a problem with windows image burner.

I may recommend you two alternative ways to preceed:

a) Change your burning software. Could be Nero burning rom, or other of your preference. In my time on windows the burnings with the embedded software often gave me random problems. My first choice will be the open-source solid as a rock http://www.imgburn.com/ or if you want to check for more, you might be interested in this article: http://www.techsupportalert.com/best-free-cd-dvd-burning-software.htm

or b) Don't burn it in a DVD! The dvd burning is really old-fashioned. You may find several positive sidekicks on creating a bootable usb drive: you will avoid reading errors because of the disc or the disc-reader failure, it's a LOT faster, and finally you have the possibility to write data on the disc (which is a super handy feature when you run a live session to install Ubuntu). Check this section of Ubuntu's website if you choose this way: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu


How do I enable 3d effects on a Sony Vaio E Series?

11.10 and 11.04 have Unity by default.
10.10 however does not.

In 11.10 and 11.04
You can use the gnome fallback and enjoy the compiz settings as you wish. This is how:

Open the terminal and run:

sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback

When you log out and back in choose Gnome-Classic

Installing CompizConfig Settings Manager

The utility to use and configure Compiz is the CompizConfig Settings Manager (ccsm). Download it by opening a terminal and entering the following:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

tutorial


how to install windows 7 as it already has ubuntu 12.04

Try formatting your pendrive and re-install Windows using proper version of winusb.  Then follow the steps below.

1) You should allocate the space of Windows 7 (min 20GB)

Open the terminal and type gparted
If not installed, please install using

sudo apt-get install gparted
Partition a disk where you need to install Windows 7

2) Insert the Windows 7 CD and install it and the drive allocated for windows. After installation, the windows boot loader will override the grub, so there will not be any menu listing for choosing Ubuntu.

3) Insert the live CD of any Ubuntu distribution and run the following commands in the terminal.

sudo mount /dev/<device_name> /mnt      #device_name of Ubuntu installation (ex. sda3)
sudo rm -rf /boot
sudo ln -s /mnt/boot /boot
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-pc
sudo grub-install /dev/sda    #no device number here
sudo umount /boot

4) Restart the device. It should work fine.


Reconnect bluetooth device from the command line

The following script finds the first device in the computer's bluetooth device list, reconnects it, and switches the audio profile to the high quality A2DP profile. In some cases, it is not required to reconnect, but switching the audio profile from A2DP to HSP and back does the trick (commented out below).

#!/bin/sh

device=$(echo -e 'list' | bluetoothctl | grep Device)
name=$(echo $device | sed -n 's/.* [0-9A-C:]\{17\} \(.*\)/\1/p')
address=$(echo $device | awk '{ print $4; }')

echo "Disconnect $name ($device)"
echo -e "disconnect $address" | bluetoothctl
sleep 5

echo "Connect $name ($device)"
echo -e "connect $address" | bluetoothctl
sleep 5

card=$(pacmd list-cards | grep -oP 'name: <\K(bluez[^>]*)')

# echo "Switching $card to HSP"
# pacmd set-card-profile $card headset_head_unit
# sleep 1

echo "Switching $card to A2DP"
pacmd set-card-profile $card a2dp_sink


How do I change bookmarks into desktop icons?

In Chrome or Firefox, you can do Ctrl+Shift+O, then find the bookmark you want and drag it to your desktop.


How do I address chromium slowdown following update

as you have mentioned That updated to a new version of chrome ,I'd wait for few more days. In mean time users like you will report the Google-chrome that new version is little bit slow and chrome dev's will release a fix for that.

So what now ?

Remove/ Disable all the installed extensions and try again. If issues still persists then its the problem with main core chrome , If not its the problem with extensions API's and you could wait for few more days so that they are going to figure it out and release some fix.


Synaptics touchpad on my Acer 4530 stop working

I had the same problem, touchpad worked for login screen but not once logged in. I got it going with

gconftool -s -t bool /desktop/gnome/peripherals/touchpad/touchpad_enabled true


How to create new file without any default file type?

Your question is all about MIME types.

MIME type is resolved not only by file extension (glob patterns), but also by file contents (magic rules).

See http://library.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/mimetypes-modifying.html.en#-note-id301200:

  When no glob patterns or magic rules match a file, then it is resolved
  to the MIME type text/plain if it contains textual data or
  application/octet-stream for binary data. If the file is empty, then
  it defaults to text/plain.

So exactly as you noted, file with unknown extension is resolved to text/plain, but if it contains binary data, it is resolved to application/octet-stream, which is shown as "Unknown" (if you are curious why, search for "application/octet-stream" in /usr/share/mime/packages/freedesktop.org.xml).

If you need to register new extension and associate some application with it, you should first register new MIME type, associated with desired extension, and then associate some application with this new MIME type. The following links explain this:

http://library.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/mimetypes-modifying.html.en
http://library.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/mimetypes-registering.html.en

If you don't need to register new extension, I don't see any reason to change the default behavior (resolve text data to text/plain). It's natural.


How do I correct these errors so that I can install conky? ( my weather is installed ok )

If you're having problems updating in Ubuntu do this:

Remove the file nitrux-icon-theme.list in /var/lib/dpkg/info/, and update your package cache.

The packages have been updated since, so do that, and re-install it.


Pregenerating ConTeXt MarkIV format. This may take some time... takes forever

I have also faced the similar issue.
What have I done is :

Run sudo dpkg --configure -a
Got the following response and it stuck for a long time.

  Setting up context (2018.04.04.20180416-1~18.04.york1)...
  Running mtxrun --generate. This may take some time...`

I entered ctr-c
Got the following response.

  Errors were encountered while processing:
  context
  context-modules
  texlive-full

removed these packages using dpkg -r.

  sudo dpkg -r context-modules.
  sudo dpkg -r context.
  sudo dpkg -r texlive-full.

Now again I run dpkg --configure -a
This time it does not get stuck .


i found out what was the problem. I installed kernel-package_13.003_all.deb and it worked. My kernel config sucks tho, don't see real increase in speed


It looks like issue of different mode. You have installed Ubuntu System in mode is not matching (UEFI/Legacy) with mode you are booting os (UEFI/Legacy).

I suggest you to change boot mode from BIOS menu.


Cross compile packages, question regarding armhf dependencies

The easiest way to cross-build packages is to not cross build them, but use an entire emulated armhf chroot. Use pbuilder-dist or mk-sbuild to create an armhf chroot, and just build the packages in it.


How to change permission to the users on ubuntu 12.04?

Press windows key and type user in the search box which will list Users and Groups.

It will open the Users Settings interface. You can change permissions for individual users by clicking on the user and then click on advanced settings. In Change Advanced User Settings interface, select the User Privileges and choose your own restrictions for the user.

You will also need gnome-system-tools for GUI to work. If you have not installed it, type this in terminal:

sudo apt-get install gnome-system-tools


Ubuntu 20.04 won't detect fingerprint sensor

I'm not sure what make and model your machine is but, for the most part, 20.04 and most distros across the spectrum have a tough time supporting fingerprint sensors.
I have a Thinkpad T480 with a sensor, and have no luck with 20.04. However, 20.10 is supposed to be released on Thursday (the 22nd) and fingerprint sensor capability is reportedly prioritized. The libfprint component is supposed to be used with software and make it much easier to use a sensor.
That's one of the reasons I am switching to 20.10 for the duration of its support.
You mentioned that is doesn't show up in settings, but it shows up when running lsusb. I have tried the 20.10 Beta, and am about to install it now, and I couldn't even find it in the settings there either. Maybe that will change once the official version is released. We may have to install separate software or a driver or something though.
Another thing, and possibly the biggest: this capability is going to be backported to 20.04 eventually, probably sooner rather than later.
Hope that answers your question. I would just wait for 20.10, or for it to be integrated to 20.04.


Happened to me too and someone else just complained of the same problem. I think this is a general bug of wubi. I think you should now install directly to the hard disk. Since the purpose of wubi is not for long term use but for testing purposes(not totally).


Download Boot repair disk ISO. Link for boot repair disk: http://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/files/
Using universal USB installer create bootable USB with Boot repair disk ISO. Universal USB installer link: http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/
Restart the computer with the USB flash drive. Keep pressing F8/12 or ESC depending on your computer and select boot option.
Select USB flash.
Computer will be booted with boot repair disk. Select the option for repairing grub.
Restart your computer, it will be ok.


Copy from remote tmux+Vim to local clipboard

You can use xclip to get clipboard text to/from your x server to/from the remote system if you used -X in your ssh command when you made the connection.  You have to have xclip installed on the system to which you are attaching.  I imagine other clipboard apps can do it, too.  But anyway, configure tmux to call xclip, and you should be good.  For example:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/131011/use-system-clipboard-in-vi-copy-mode-in-tmux


Problems connecting to hosts in local network on 15.10

Looks like I found my solution:
edit /etc/nsswitch.conf and change the 'hosts' line. the default value is:

"hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns myhostname"

Move the option "dns" forward so it sits before the "mdns4_minimal" option to fix the problem.

The actual reason why the problem ocurred is that because my home network domain was .local (picked that up from working too long in windows environments), but because .local is used in zero-conf setups with mDNS instead of trying to resolve using DNS it only used mDNS.

This is working by design to reduce .local queries to the root-servers on the internet.


Trash icon on Desktop but not listed from terminal command "ls -all"

There is no .desktop file for Trash in your ~/Desktop/ directory. The trash icon is a feature provided by GNOME shell and/or Nautilus, it's probably hard-coded somewhere.

You can enable/disable this feature using gsettings/dconf. Run the following to hide the trash icon from your desktop

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.desktop trash-icon-visible false


What does the "persistent" in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX do?

It's a boot parameter to be used to Boot the Live CD in Persistent Mode.
Here are the links from askubuntu and ubuntu help wiki.


Ubuntu 12.10 on Macbook Pro 5,5 (Wifi Issue)

I was able to solve my issue, once knowing my broadcom model.

Here is a link.


How can I get a message that says when you can unplug a usb stick safely?

Right-click the USB stick on the launcher and when its icon disappears it's safe to unplug it...
No annoying pop-up needed/nor given!
You do get a notification when you eject or safely remove an external hard drive, but not for USB sticks.


About How to install Ubuntu on portable external Hard Drive?

I hope that @chaskes will find your question and give you an answer :-)

But I will also try to answer your questions, starting with a reference to my answer to a corresponding question,

Boot Ubuntu from external drive

  Will this Ubuntu on external Hard Drive work normally as if installed on a laptop as normaly OS?

Yes, except that

it might be slower than if connected internally via SATA. USB3 is quite fast, but USB 2 is rather slow
discard (for an SSD) does not work via USB

  Can I move this Ubuntu from the external Hard Drive to the Hard Disk of a new laptop and make this Ubuntu as if installed initially on
  the new laptop?

Yes, but check that

the target drive has the same size or is bigger (not one single byte smaller), if you want to clone it
the physical sector sizes are the same on the source drive and the target drive
if proprietary drivers, that they match the target computer.

Otherwise you should copy at the file level, install the bootloader and do some other fixes, or simply make a fresh installation, if you think the fixes are too complicated. In this case you can copy the /home directory to a 'home' partition for the fresh installation.

  Every time I run this Ubuntu on external Hard Drive on a another laptop not the usual one will I need to install the drivers of the
  adapters of the other laptop?

If no proprietary drivers are installed, the free linux drivers are used. If the target computer, 'the other computer', works with the free drivers, you need not install any drivers. But some hardware, for example new and powerful nvidia graphics cards and Broadcom wifi cards need proprietary drivers.

  If I have external Hard Drive with 1TB how much the swap should I choose?

It depends on how you use the computer.

If you want to hibernate, you need as much as the RAM (in gibibytes) and a little bit more, for example 4 GiB RAM ~ 4.3 GB RAM --> 5 GB swap,
otherwise it is probably enough with 2 GB swap unless you know, that you need a lot of swap for some particular application.

  Does Ubuntu nowadays still in no need for any Antivirus?

That has not changed.

  If I run Ubuntu on external Hard Drive on a laptop can I access the hard disk of the laptop?

Yes, but

if Windows is hibernated or semi-hibernated (fast startup), then linux stays away from it to avoid corruption. So if you want access to Windows partitions, please avoid hibernation and turn off fast startup in Windows.


Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/vivid

Extras is being retired. It'll hang around until 14.04 runs out of support in 2019 but it won't have newer distributions added to it.

What you are seeing is the result of upgrading too early (Vivid isn't realeased yet) so the upgrader script you used didn't remove it from your sources, (per this bug).

To fix, simply edit the relevant lines out of your /etc/apt/sources.list.


How is Ubuntu software update implemented internally?

That's a bit of a vast question but at the highest possible level:

Software is packaged as .deb packages and placed into APT repositories
APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) collates those repositories and makes searching and installing them (through dpkg) possible through utilities such as apt-get and apt-cache.
Applications like the Software Centre and Update Manager front onto APT utilities and libraries.

When something is updated, the package is rebuilt. The control file stores a higher version number and (often) the filename reflects this version too. This is uploaded to the repo and the package index is updated to show the new version.

When a computer (which has this repo) updates its own package list, it grabs all the repos' packages lists and selects the newest available packages (eg apt-cache policy linux will usually show multiple versions available) as the "available" one.

When the user does an upgrade or dist-upgrade (through apt-get or one of the higher-level graphical tools) the newest version of those packages are downloaded and installed.


Horizontal lines in Chrome Developer Tools while scrolling

I stumbled on a way to get around this, though a destructive one.

I deleted my chrome config folder (~/.config/google-chrome-beta/ in my case, it's somewhere in ~/.config) and the lines went away.

Obviously be warned that this means  passwords, configurations,extensions are forgotten! So don't try this before having these listed/backed up.


The most up-to-date proprietary Nvidia drivers are the experimental builds, which you should be able to find in the Additional Drivers section of the Software Sources control panel as described here:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Valve#NVIDIA_Graphics

  In 12.04, launch the Additional Hardware Drivers dialog from System Settings. In 12.10, launch Software Sources, then click on the Additional Drivers tab in the Software Sources menu.
  Install the newest nvidia-experimental-NNN driver. Note that you probably will need to scroll down to see the experimental drivers.

I'm not sure if this is applicable to your particular card and chipset, but this is what I'm currently using with my GTX 560 (I've selected the nvidia-experimental-310 option).


The app is Sublime Merge from the makers of Sublime text editor and it is amazing! It's available in Ubuntu as a snap package. To install the Sublime Merge snap package run:

 sudo snap install sublime-merge --classic


Why Ubuntu disconnects from wifi when turning on hotspot and how to solve this problem?

The answer to this is quite simple.
You can use your WiFi adapter as a hotspot, or you can use it as a client to connect to another network.
You can't do both at the same time.


Why is the screen shared with me over skype is so small?

Can't you maximize the video-window?

The fact that for some users/on other computers the video-window is maximized by default could be a saved preference from your last session.


Qt Creator menu bar is missing on Lubuntu 15.10

Try setting the 'Platform Theme' to nothing:

export QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME=

or removing the appmenu-qt5 package:

sudo remove appmenu-qt5

so the Qt5 extended/customized menu rendering is not used.  Then restart Qt Creator as normal.

qtcreator

See: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/appmenu-qt5/+bug/1307619


Is Ubuntu installed on the same partition as my data?

Unless you specify a special setup during install every version of Ubuntu has defaulted to installing all data on the same partition. You would have had to use the advanced or "custom" partition layout options while installing to get a setup where / and /home are on different partitions.

Since your disk may be failing doing a full copy could stress it into failing entirely. My advice is copy the most important files first while making the backup. I suggest using rsync to do this. First mount your backup disk somwehere (you should see it's location in the file browser by pressing Ctrl+L) like /media/mybackupdisk then run this command to start copying your files:

rsync -r ~ /media/mybackupdisk

This tells rsync to copy all data from your home directory (~) to your backup disk. The rsync tool is smart enough to avoid duplicate transfers if interrupted. If you want to see more information about the transfer change rsync to rsync --progress


Problem mounting raid 0 NTFS drives in Ubuntu server 14.04

Both disks have partitions of type 4200 and 4201, which denote Microsoft Logical Disk Manager (LDM), which is Microsoft's equivalent to the Linux Logical Volume Manager (LVM). As such, you can't mount these partitions directly, because the filesystems they contain are held in containers within the partitions. The Linux kernel includes LDM support, but I don't recall offhand if that support is included in Ubuntu. If it is, you'll see device files for the logical volumes in the Linux /dev/mapper/ directory, or a subdirectory thereof. I recommend you check there. You clearly already know how to use blkid, so you can use it to identify NTFS volumes.

One more thing: You said these disks are RAID 0 devices. If this was set up with the motherboard's software RAID, you'll need to activate that support, as described here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FakeRaidHowto

Note that the RAID devices are likely to show up in /dev/mapper, too. Using LDM on top of dmraid could get complex. (I've never used this particular combination.)


How to partition hard disk to save data during Ubuntu reinstallation

Ubuntu (like all UNIX-like systems) organizes files in a hierarchical tree. At the top of this tree is / (the root directory) where everything else resides including the /home directory.

The /home directory is where all users' personal files, folders and settings resides such as music, photos, videos, etc. - everything you see in the Home folder in Nautilus.

Thus, creating a separate partition for /home will allow you to reinstall Ubuntu and still keep all your personal files and settings safe.

Option A

Create a separate /home partition using Live CD:

Boot from a LiveCD and select "Try Ubuntu".
Launch GParted from Dash.

In the GParted window, select which partition you want to resize to create space for /home.
Select the unallocated space gained from the above step and click on Partition → New from the menu.
Select the filesystem you want, ext3 or ext4.
Click Apply, Close then Quit.

Now, you need to tell Ubuntu to use the new partition as /home.

gksu gedit /etc/fstab

this will open the fstab file in gedit, now add the following line:

/dev/sdxy /home ext4 defaults 0 0

where 'sdxy' is the partition you just created, i.e. /dev/sda2
Save and close the file.
Reboot.

Option B

Create a separate /home partition during installation:

Boot from a LiveCD and select "Install Ubuntu".
In the next window click on Continue.
In the "Installation Type" window, select "Something Else" then "Continue.
In the next window, select a free (unallocated) space and click on "Add".

You have to create at least 2 partitions: / and /home

In the Create partition window:

Set the size for the partition
Select the filesystem (ext3 or ext4)
Select the mount point, use:

/ for root
/home for home

Once you're done creating partitions, you should have one ext3/ext4 partition with a mount point of / and one ext3/ext4 partition with a mount point of /home. Depending on your situation, you may also have a swap partition.
If you're satisfied with your partition scheme, click Forward to continue with the installation.


ACLs do not work correctly on cifs Windows share

For proper ACL support, you need to compile a custom kernel with the CONFIG_CIFS_ACL option enabled. As of 12.04 this is not set by default


Can't install PHPmyadmin (package cannot be located)

Before installing phpmyadmin, you should be using a non-root user with sudo privileges, as described in Here, also you should have a complete LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP) installation on. If you don't,then you can Follow this guide on installing a LAMP stack on Ubuntu

If everything is okay,add this ppa

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:phpmyadmin/ppa
sudo apt-get update

then install phpmyadmin

sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin


What you're trying to do is find recipes in a dictionary...  Just use a cookbook!
Official PulseAudio Documentation
Or alternatively, have a look at this diagram:

Source


The import numpy as np, pandas command won't work unless you run it with Python 3.x, because you installed numpy and pandas for Python 3.6. To install Numpy and Pandas for Python 2.7 open the terminal and type:
sudo apt install python-numpy # 20.04 and earlier
sudo apt install python-pandas # 18.04 and earlier

The equivalent of the above command for Python 3.x is:
sudo apt install python3-numpy python3-pandas

Numpy and Pandas are currently installed locally in the home directory, not globally. To install the latest stable versions of Numpy and Pandas globally with pip run this command:
sudo python3 -m pip install numpy pandas

Before you make a hasty decision to install Numpy and Pandas globally with pip, remember that Numpy and Pandas packages are in the default Ubuntu repositories too.


16.04, kernel 4.15.0-33, Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation Device 10f1 - no sound

I installed 18.04.1 and the sound is working with 4.15 kernel


Which fonts are pre-installed in Ubuntu Desktop?

Try installing/running:

sudo apt-get install xvfb xfonts-base xfonts-75dpi xfonts-100dpi

sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese

and finally

sudo apt-get install xfonts-wqy

Hope it helps


using 13.04 on ancient dell desktop, nvidia geforce 200, worth trying?

Ubuntu 12.04 has a less resource intensive interface and would be faster, I would also try Lubuntu or Xubuntu which will also be slower, you can install xfce in ubuntu with

    $sudo apt-get install xfce

Then when you log out, on the login screen there is an icon by your name. Click on it to switch interfaces.


1. Check that you have burned the correct image
Make sure the image that you downloaded was a x32 image.
2. Try reinstalling  the image
I've used Pen Drive  Linux in the past, but for live USBs. Maybe it will help with some issues, but do some research first. I'm not sure if it will work on hard drives since it is meant for USBs.


Is there a fix for the won't-restart won't-reboot won't-logout bug in 11.10

this also happens to me, here is my bug report of the issue:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/indicator-session/+bug/891083


how to default gnome-session-flashback as default desktop for future new users on 18.04?

[Seat:*]
user-session=gnome-flashback-metacity

Create new configuration file with above content and put it in /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d. For more info you could read this.


How to modify "/etc/bash.bashrc"? It is read only?

sudo bash -c "echo 'text' >> /etc/bashrc"

Don't change the owner. Don't chmod it. Just use sudo. Open it with sudoedit if you need to do complicated things.

By the way, you can make changes for one user by just editing ~/.bashrc without requiring any special permissions.


Download manager for Ubuntu 12.04 and Google Chrome

uGet is the best Linux Download Manager available and works great on Ubuntu 12.04

We (uGet team) are also in the process of developing a Google Chrome/Chromium Extension that does exactly what you are requesting. The extension is still in development but we hope to release it as soon as possible.

Note* - Ubuntu Software Center has a VERY OLD version of uGet regardless the amount of effort we have put in to get it updated. So for the latest version go to http://ugetdm.com/downloads


how to revert to default video driver from nvidia driver?

You should be able to disable it in System Settings > Addition Drivers

Otherwise you can do it on the command line like this:

sudo jockey-text -d xorg:nvidia_current


What are the best settings to run Ubuntu on a VM?

Well, if the host machine has the above ubuntu's recommended specs, I'd go with the recommended.
These are the recommended here:

2 GHz dual core processor
4 GiB RAM (allocated memory)
25 GB of allocated storage

source


access with vino without ask me permissions

Open vino preferences by executing:

user@host:~$ vino-preferences

And clear the selection beside "You must confirm each access to this machine".


Can I adjust the timeout of the filter box in GTK?

You'll need to compile your own changes into nautilus as I believe the functionality is hard coded (most things in nautilus are). I don't think you will be able to use a previous version either, you might have to modify the recent version and reverse the specific changes.

Of course no one is going to know what the exact changes are, that requires a lot of code investigation.


Purple Screen then Black Screen while Booting from CD or Windows Install

For those that have AMD A-Series APUs, you need to get a minimal ISO for Oneiric (11.10) and then install complete system, or a Precise release newer than Alpha2 (12.04, although not recommended because it is still in development), this is because the fixes for your bug were on updates that appeared after the official release on Oneiric (11.10).


Error: winehq-devel depends wine-devel (=4.5~bionic), Ubuntu 18.04.2

I faced the same problem of endless dependencies installing winehq-* on my Ubuntu 18.04.2 (upgraded from ubuntu 16.04). After lots of googling and trying out what worked for me at the end was to build wine locally, which was way faster than I thought.

So here how I done it: (Token from winehq official wiki)

clone:

git clone git://source.winehq.org/git/wine.git ~/wine-dirs/wine-source

build 64-bit version:

cd ~/wine-dirs/wine-build/
../wine-source/configure --enable-win64
make
DO NOT INSTALL (32-bit version should be installed first)

build 32-bit verions:

cd ~/wine-dirs/wine32-build/
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/path/to/pkgconfig ../wine-source/configure --with-wine64=../wine64-build
make

PKG_CONFIG_PATH should point to the location of the 32 bit pkgconfig files, probably /usr/lib or /usr/lib32.

DEPENDECIES:

libfaudio

depends on SDL2-2.0.9 (follow instruction)
clone https://github.com/FNA-XNA/FAudio
build

cd build_faudio/
cmake ../FAudio-master/
make -j 4

i386 version of some libs

sudo apt-get install libx11-dev libx11-dev:i386 from
sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev:i386 libfreetype6-dev from


I think i found whats the problem but dont know how to fix it : In nautilus preferences i have changed the icon size to 66% from 100% and my-humanity theme has these icons only when icons are 100% . When i change icons size to 100% everything is ok ! Is there any solution to apply the icons when i decrease icon size to 66% ?

The theme use different images for the 32, 24, 22, 16 pixels icons.

You can solve this copying the 48px icons in the 32, 24, 22 and 16 folders in the theme directory, this works fine for me.


How can I remove the color of underlines/strike through style in Libreoffice Writer

Go to Tools -> Options -> LibreOffice Writer -> Changes and set all colors to black.


You also have to install libapache2-mod-php (or libapache2-mod-php7.0 if you have PHP7) and restart Apache if this doesn't happen during the module install.


You should be able to move the script to a different location and then set up a cron entry (crontab -e) to run your script at your preferred days and time.

Note that the format for root and normal users differs slightly. When executing crontab -e as root, each crontab line has one additional parameter to specify as which user to run the entry.

Cron logs to /var/log/syslog. Check that file for errors: grep -i cron syslog.

The most encountered problem with cron is that it executes its entries in a very limited environment, causing a lot of commands to fail because they can't be found. It is possible to extend the PATH variable with the most common paths.

For details about cron see CronHowto and Cron Community Wiki


Did you try using the on-screen keyboard? You can enable it by clicking on the Universal Access indicator on the top-right of your screen and then click on Virtual Keyboard.


Welcome to the community! Hopefully I'll be able to help you out with all of your questions.

  1) I play games. Can I run Diablo II, Steam, and my AMD
  Catalyst/Gaming Evolved software in Ubuntu? (Yes, running Diablo II is
  that important...)

Steam most definitely runs on Linux. As for individual steam games, you'll have to check their pages in the store to see if they support Linux. Your AMD catalyst card has supported drivers, you just have to enable them. You should be prompted to do so during setup, which is as easy as just clicking on them and hitting okay.

Diablo II isn't available on Steam last I checked, but there is software called Wine. Wine will help you run Windows executables on Ubuntu, and according to their app database Diablo II works fantastically.

  2) Does OpenOffice run well in Ubuntu?

In my opinion, OpenOffice runs BETTER in Ubuntu. However, Ubuntu does come preinstalled with the successor of OpenOffice called LibreOffice. LibreOffice has all of the same functionality and more, and supports all OpenOffice formats. Not surprising, because it was created by the OpenOffice team. Give it a shot first! I think you'll like it a lot.

  3) How difficult is it to communicate on a home network over a WIFI
  connection with other devices (Android phone, Windows laptop which is
  soon to be an Ubuntu machine as well, etc.)?

It's really not difficult at all. It's infinitely easier to communicate with an Android phone than an iPhone (trust me, months of futzing with an iPhone I was stuck with taught me my lesson). But you definitely shouldn't have any issues with getting in touch with your devices over WiFi at all, that is built in functionality that you should see in the menu while browsing your files.

  4) How challenging is it getting all of the hardware drivers for my PC
  (an HP Pavilion) to work well with the Ubuntu OS?

Generally speaking, most computers work with Ubuntu out of the box. HP especially, because Canonical (the company that heavily supports Ubuntu) works closely with HP to make sure it works. You can always check this page to see if yours is certified to work, but in my experience it's easily possible to get Ubuntu to work on just about anything.

  5) Will my Adobe CS 5.1 Master Collection run on Ubuntu?

This is a tough question. Some pieces of CS5 run under wine, others do not. I would search for them in the Wine App Database. I would also ask around here or the forums to see if there are any suitable alternatives to you - I transitioned away from the Adobe suite long before I left Windows for good and I've never looked back. GIMP is a very solid graphics editing program available for every platform, and is one of Photoshop's biggest competitors. If you can't get something to work, there are always open source alternatives.

I hope you enjoy Ubuntu! Let me know how everything goes.

Now the boring stuff:

On AskUbuntu they typically prefer that you focus on one question per post. Try to make sure you do that from now on! If you have a whole bunch of questions about a specific or general topic, it may be faster for you just to post them all at once in one thread on the Ubuntu forums.


How to stop automatic freshclam execution

Related to https://askubuntu.com/a/1204422/231142

That is the freshclam daemon running that is causing that error message.  If you check the log, tail -10 /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log you will probably see updates for the freshclam as early as today.  As long as you're seeing updates, everything is working fine.  I actually don't recommend disabling it as you might forget to update later on.

If you want to change the intervals to the freshclam daemon, type in the following from a terminal window:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure clamav-freshclam

then step through the setup.  In the setup, it asks how many times a day for it to update.  It defaults to 24 (once per hour).  If you want it to update more, set it for 48 (twice per hour).  12 for once every 2 hours.